PMID- 952465
TI  - [The present place of sphincterotomy of the sphincter of Oddi in surgery for
      benign lesions of the common bile duct in adults. Study of 100 cases of
      sphincterotomy and review of the literature of the last ten years].

PMID- 952466
TI  - [A series of 56 cephalic duodeno-pancreatectomies for chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 952467
TI  - [Colonic lesions during necrotising pancreatitis. Report of 4 cases].

PMID- 952468
TI  - [Total gastrectomy in carcinoma of the stomach. A statistical study of 300
      cases].

PMID- 952469
TI  - [Surgical treatment of 13 cases of supra-condylar fracture of the humerus in
      children].

PMID- 952470
TI  - [Immediate weight-bearing in unstable pertrochanteric fractures[].

PMID- 952471
TI  - [Arterial complications of surgery of the hip in arteritis].

PMID- 952472
TI  - Reliability of plasma cortisol determination by a simple competitive protein
      binding method.
AB  - The method investigated used (3H) cortisol as the ligand, diluted human plasma as
      the binding protein, and florisil to separate free and bound cortisol. The
      precision and specificity were found to be adequate for routine use. The effects
      of such factors as delay in separation of plasma, storage of plasma, provenance
      of the binding protein, venepuncture, and venous occlusion have been studied. The
      extent and significance of short term, inter-daily, and longer term variation in
      plasma cortisol level are discussed.

PMID- 952473
TI  - Accurate measurement of lecithin and sphingomyelin after ultra-rapid
      chromatographic separation.
AB  - The use of small sandwich chambers containing silica-gel-impregnated glass fibre
      sheets allows chromatographic separation of lecithin and sphingomyelin in 3
      minutes, compared with 45 minutes on conventional silica gel media. Quantitation
      by measuring the areas of the phospholipid spots after staining with a molybdate
      stain or 8-anilino-1-naphthylamino sulphonic acid was found to be accurate and
      more convenient than densitometry. Although slight inaccuracies may be caused by
      lack of resolution from certain phospholipids, this was not found to be a problem
      in amniotic fluid analyses as they are either absent or present only in trace
      quantities. The speed of the technique makes it particularly useful for clinical
      purposes.

PMID- 952474
TI  - An evaluation of the "CentrifiChem" parallel fast analyser.
AB  - The operating principles of the CentrifiChem are briefly described and the
      results of the evaluation are summarised. The pipettor, the temperature control
      unit, and the photometer were tested separately, but the remainder of the
      instrument is interdependent. Up to 10 different tests were used to measure
      within-batch and between-day precision, and accuracy. Carryover was found to be
      small, and for the six tests investigated the linearity was good. Estimates are
      given of the running costs, and also included are sections on the reliability and
      safety of the instrument. Since it requires only a small volume of serum, it is
      ideally suited to paediatric requirements. When used as an enzyme analyser it can
      work at about 200 specimens per hour.

PMID- 952475
TI  - How to pass examinations: a personal view on good technique in Clinical
      Biochemistry examinations.
AB  - Elementary faults in examination technique are commonly displayed by candidates
      who have worked hard for the examination. Advice is offered on answering multiple
      choice questions and "essay" questions and on how to tackle oral and practical
      examinations. A candidate's preparation for an examination should include the
      submission of written work and the taking of a mock oral examination for critical
      assessment by a supervisor. Careful writing up of practical work in the home
      laboratory is important, so that faulty technique can be corrected early in
      training. Above all, stress is laid on the importance of mastering the technique
      of effective communication for success both in examinations and in later
      professional life.

PMID- 952476
TI  - Comparison of a gas chromatographic and colorimetric method for the determination
      of plasma paracetamol.
AB  - Plasma paracetamol levels have generally been determined either by gas
      chromatography (Stewart and Willis, 1975), which relies on complex equipment, or
      by spectrophotometry (Knepil, 1974), which can be time-consuming. The
      introduction by Glynn and Kendal (1975) of a simple colorimetric method based on
      the reaction of paracetamol with nitrous acid to give 2-nitro-4-acetamidophenol
      appears to have overcome these disadvantages, thereby providing a suitable
      procedure for the rapid measurement of plasma paracetamol in cases of overdose.
      The method was reported to be specific for paracetamol, no interference being
      caused either by the sulphate and glucuronide conjugates of paracetamol or by a
      large number of other commonly found drugs. This communication presents the
      results of a study in which plasma paracetamol levels determined by the
      colorimetric method were compared with those determined by an established gas
      chromatographic technique.

PMID- 952477
TI  - Rapid determination of plasma paracetamol.

PMID- 952478
TI  - A study of factors influencing continuous flow kinetics: the use of serum calcium
      estimation as a model.
AB  - Previous studies of continuous flow kinetics have described an "AutoAnalyzer"
      peak in terms of two time constants, lag constant "a" and exponential constant
      "b". Further investigations described here define some of the factors which
      affect these constants and hence peak shape and analytical performance. This
      communication outlines the application of this information to the development of
      an automated method for the determination of serum calcium, having a carry-over
      of less than 1% and an analytical rate greater than 100/hour. The instaneous
      colour reaction, simple hydraulics, removal of the dialysis step, and the use of
      an integral debubbling flow cell have enabled small kinetic constants to be
      achieved. Over a period of three months' routine use between-batch co-efficient
      of variation (C.V.) was 1.4%.

PMID- 952479
TI  - Evaluation of a serum/plasma separator: suitability of samples for
      radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding techniques.
AB  - A new method of separating serum or plasma from whole blood (Sure-Sep, W.R.
      Warner) has been evaluated with particular regard to the suitability of the
      serum/plasma samples for radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) and competitive protein
      binding (C.P.B.) techniques. Sure-Sep did not affect the results obtained for the
      following assays: cortisol, thyroxine, triidothyronine, insulin, and growth
      hormone. In addition it was also found that contact of the serum or plasma
      samples with Sure-Sep for 24 hours at 4 degrees C was without effect on the
      results obtained.

PMID- 952480
TI  - Interference by oxyphenbutazone in paracetamol estimation.

PMID- 952481
TI  - Two-dimensional chromatography of urinary tetrazolium-reacting steroids.

PMID- 952482
TI  - The peak of the likelihood curve in linkage testing.
AB  - It is often suggested that when z-scores are used for linkage estimation, a
      maximum z-score of 3 (or maximum antilod score, M = 1000) is good evidence for
      the presence of linkage. It is pointed out that a better formula, applicable if
      nothing more is known about the loci concerned, would be that the probability
      that linkage is present is roughly 1--4/Msigma, whereas sigma is the standard
      error, i.e. square root(2-3 X downward curvature of z curve at peak). A
      consideration of typical cases suggests that a value M = 1000 would imply
      something like a 90% chance of linkage. It would seem simpler to use the formula,
      probability of linkage approximately to 1--H/20, where H is the average height of
      the antilod curve.

PMID- 952483
TI  - On the estimation of parental age effects on mutation.
AB  - The detection and estimation of the effects of paternal and maternal age and
      birth rank on mutation rate are considered. Smith's (1972) method and
      discriminant function techniques are compared using data on Apert's
      acrocephalosyndactyly and achondroplasia.

PMID- 952484
TI  - Note on the prior probability of autosomal linkage.

PMID- 952485
TI  - A note on the arrival probability, first arrival time and age of a mutant gene in
      a finite population.
AB  - It is pointed out that the arrival or fixation probability of a mutant gene can
      be easily inferred analytically. The mean first arrival time for a single
      overdominant mutation to reach frequency y attains its maximum when x is close to
      but still slightly less than y/2, where x is the equilibrium frequency of the
      mutant gene in an infinitely large population. For an advantageous mutation, the
      mean first arrival time decreases with an increasing degree of dominance if
      selection is strong, but it first increases, after reaching a maximum, then
      decreases as the degree of dominance increases, if selection is weak. Contrary to
      our intuition, the mean age of an advantageous mutant gene increases with
      increasing degree of dominance, except when selection is very strong. A simple
      explanation is given in terms of the sojourn time at a particular gene frequency.

PMID- 952486
TI  - Growth of deleterious mutant genes in a large population.
AB  - Formulae for the arrival probability and first arrival time for a single mutant
      gene to reach a certain number have been obtained by using a continuous branching
      process. If the mean of the progeny number of heterozygotes is less than one the
      arrival probability increases with increasing variance of the progeny
      distribution whereas if the mean is greater than one the contrary is true. Since
      most human populations are growing at fairly high rates, the result indicates
      that the probability for a single mutation to grow to a large number is quite
      high. Numerical computations show that the mean first arrival time decreases with
      increasing variance of the progeny distribution of the mutant carriers. The
      results have been applied to investigate the case of the acheiropodia gene in
      Brazil. The hypothesis that all acheiropodia genes in Brazil were derived from a
      single mutation seems to be tenable.

PMID- 952487
TI  - Dominance variance in Fisher's model of assortative mating.
AB  - It is argued that there is some confusion in the literature concerning the effect
      of assortative mating on dominance variance. It is shown that in Fisher's model
      of assortative mating additive deviations of one factor are correlated with
      additive deviations of another and that this correlation is responsible for the
      increase in genetic variance. The dominance deviations of one factor are
      independent of the dominance, as well as of the additive deviations of a second
      factor. It is shown that in Fisher's model of assortative mating and to the
      approximation used by him, the dominance variance does not change under
      assortative mating.

PMID- 952488
TI  - A model for assortative mating.
AB  - It is shown that a generalization of the Hardy-Weinberg law of the proportions of
      genotypes of the kind given by Wright (1922) is maintained in equilibrium by a
      pattern of assortative mating suggested by Fisher (1918) and elaborated by
      Malecot (1939, 1948).

PMID- 952489
TI  - On the method of Penrose of estimating the number of effective factors
      contributing to a character.
AB  - Penrose (1969) presented a method of estimating the number of effective factors
      contributing to a quantitative character. The method uses samples of parent-child
      and sib-sib phenotypic values. More detailed mathematical analysis shows that his
      assertions regarding the method are correct under the assumptions which he made,
      provided that his phrase 'the same quantitative effect' is interpreted to mean
      'makes an equal contribution to the variance'.

PMID- 952490
TI  - Test of the neutrality hypothesis.

PMID- 952491
TI  - A genetic study on the length of tibia.
AB  - The length of tibia was studied in 1364 males and 1791 females over 10 years of
      age in an agricultural district of Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. (1) The length
      markedly increased from 10 to 17 years of age in males, and 10 to 15 in females,
      but it remained comparatively unchanged from 20 to 79 years in both sexes. The
      following regressions of tibial length covering 20 to 79 years were obtained: Y
      male = 0-0183x+34-7892, Y female = -0-0269x + 32-5329. The modified data proved
      to be a normal distribution on skewness and kurtosis test; they were analysed on
      a quantitative genetic basis. (2) No significant contribution of X-linked and Y
      linked genes to tibial length was found in an analysis of parent-child
      combinations. (3) There was no indication of maternal effect, since the
      difference between father-child (r = 0-36 +/- 0-05) and mother-child (r = 0-42 +/
      0-04) correlations was not significant. (4) Correlation coefficients between
      sibs were significant, the values being 0-57 +/- 0-09 for brother-brother, 0-32
      +/- 0-22 for sister-sister, and 0-27 +/- 0-13 for brother-sister. Correlation
      coeffiecients between parent and child were also significant, the values being 0
      36 +/- 0-06 for father-son, 0-35 +/- 0-09 for father-daughter, 0-44 +/- 0-04 for
      mother-son, 0-35 +/- 0-07 for mother-daughter. The regression coefficients of
      child on midparent were calculated to be 0-77 +/- 0-12. Thus, the heritability
      for the length of tibia may be estimated to be 0-77 approximately 0-80.
      Contribution of dominance variance to total variance was very small (VD = 0-01),
      in contrast to a far greater additive genetic variance (VA = 0-80).

PMID- 952492
TI  - Extensions to pedigree analysis. III. Variance components by the scoring method.
AB  - The classic variance components for simple polygenic traits - additive,
      dominance, and environmental variance - have traditionally been estimated from
      sample covariances between first-degree relatives. If data is gathered on
      pedigrees, this statistical procedure wastes information. Recently Elston &
      Stewart suggested an alternative likelihood procedure that uses all the
      information in a set of pedigrees. A refinement of their method based on the
      scoring technique gives rapidly converging maximum likelihood estimates of the
      variance components and of the male and female means. Tests of statistical
      hypotheses about the various parameters can then be made by the likelihood ratio
      method. Furthermore, using classical regression analysis, the estimated parameter
      values allow prediction of unknown trait values from known trait values within a
      pedigree. These methods should apply to traits like total finger ridge count and
      to quantitative measurements associated with disease traits. Since the model
      postulates independent environmental effects and no assortative mating, its
      utility in human behaviour genetics seems limited.

PMID- 952493
TI  - The genotypic distribution of relatives of homozygotes when consanguinity is
      present.
AB  - A correction is made to an expression given by Jacquard (1968, 1972a,b) for the
      genotypic distribution of a relative of a given homozygote when consanguinity is
      present. The correction will necessarily be small either if the allele present in
      the given homozygote has a frequency of near unity, or if the coefficient of
      inbreeding of the given homozygote is small.

PMID- 952494
TI  - Isonymy in a Bhatia leut.
AB  - Isonymy has been described in a North Indian Hindu Community, which shows surname
      exogamy. A modification is suggested in the formula of Crow and Mange for the
      estimation of FIS to make it applicable to populations exhibiting clan exogamy.
      The values of FIS obtained by different methods are compared.

PMID- 952495
TI  - [The influence of plasmocellular tumours on the humoral immune response in mice
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Syngeneic mice of the C3H/He strain have been inoculated with cells of the
      plasmocellular tumours X5563 and X5647, producing myeloma proteins of the IgG and
      IgA class respectively, and were immunized with (1) sheep red blood cells, (2)
      bovine serum albumin and (3) horseradish peroxydase. The immune responses of the
      various groups of mice were followed. The antibody activities towards all three
      antigens were decreased in mice carrying the IgG producing tumour X5563. This
      effect was correlated with an enhanced catabolism of IgG as well as with a
      decrease in number of IgG antibody producing cells. A reduced immune response was
      also observed in mice to which the IgA producing tumour X5647 had been
      transferred, but the effect was significantly less pronounced. There was no
      effect at all observed on the IgM response. The avidity which was measured for
      the various IgG antibodies was not modified by the presence of IgG nor IgA
      secreting myeloma tumours.

PMID- 952496
TI  - [Assay of the activity of horseradish peroxidase antibodies using ammonium
      sulfate technique (author's transl)].
AB  - The antigen binding capacity (ABC) of mouse and rabbit antisera to horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) was measured by the Farr technique, originally introduced for
      bovine serum albumin. Results obtained by this method are independent of other
      antibody interactions (precipitation, formation of immune complexes, effect on
      enzyme activity). Commercially available HRP has variable solubility in ammonium
      sulfate solutions; almost 40% was precipitated at 50% saturation. Accordingly,
      the fraction of HRP soluble at 60% saturation was used, and this was labelled
      with 125I2 using the HRP oxidizing activity. Under these test conditions,
      accurate and reproducible results were obtained with protein concentrations (as
      N/ml) of the order to 0.07 mug (antibody) and 0.01 mug (antigen) respectively.
      This high sensitivity is superior to that achieved by passive hemagglutination,
      especially when titrating antibody levels in mouse sera.

PMID- 952497
TI  - [Delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by digestive immunization and suppression
      of this induction by antigen-antibody complexes (author's transl)].
AB  - BALB/c mice were immunized by intragastric administration of sheep red blood
      cells or horse red blood cells repeated daily for 4 days. The immunized animals
      when skin tested with an urea extract of the corresponding antigen showed a
      delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. This reaction was observed for 4 weeks
      after the immunization. This result demonstrates that digestive immunization may
      induce cellular immunity. When serum from intragastrically immunised mice
      containing antigen-antibody complexes was administered intraperitoneally 8 hours
      before the onset of digestive immunization, the subsequent delayed-type
      hypersensitivity reaction was suppressed or considerably depressed.

PMID- 952498
TI  - Further characterization of milk pyroglobulin.
AB  - Milk pyroglobulin was capable of passing through the "Visking" 8/32 cellulose
      membrane, when dialysed against deionized water but not against saline. Gel
      filtration analysis of the protein suggested its dissociation into subunit
      molecules in deionized water. Amino acid composition revealed high contents of
      proline, glutamic acid, valine and leucine. The protein possessed a biological
      activity to increase the permeability of skin vessels when injected
      intradermally. The colostral whey which was experimentally freed from heat
      coagulable substances contained as major components proteins which are
      antigenically related to the pyroglobulin.

PMID- 952499
TI  - [Tasks of the science of antibiotics in light of the decisions of the 25th
      Congress of the CPSU].

PMID- 952500
TI  - [Actinomyces globispororoseus var. granaticus var. nov., a new producer of
      granaticins].
AB  - Actinomycete LIA-0830 was most close by its morphological and cultural features
      tc Act. globispororoseus. Jet it differed from the latter in the physiological
      and antibioti properties. Actinomycete LIA-0830 differed from the known
      granaticin- and granaticin B-producing organisms by its morphological, cultural
      and physiological properties. On the basis of these data actinomycete LIA-0830
      was classified as Actinomyces globispororoseus var. granaticus var. nov. The
      culture produced 2 antibiotics: granaticin and granaticin B.

PMID- 952501
TI  - [Production of tubular structures from the aerial mycelium of Actinomyces
      roseoflavus var. roseofungini].
AB  - Tubular formations analogous by their structure to those found on the surface of
      the outer sheath of the hyphae of the aerial mycelium of Actinomyces roseoflavus
      var. roseofungini were reconstructed in vitro from the mycelium acetone extract
      on addition of water. A polyenic antibiotic was shown to be present in the
      composition of the "tubes". A possible role of the antibiotic in the genesis of
      the secondary structures of the actinomycete is discussed.

PMID- 952502
TI  - [Teichoic acid content in the cell wall of Actinomyces rimosus LST-118 in the
      process of ontogeny].
AB  - Polymeric compounds of the cell walls of Act. rimosus were studied during the
      actinomycete growth. It was found that the content of teichoic acid decreased 2
      times by the end of development of Act. rimosus, while content of glycane polymer
      remained approximately at the same level. The molar ratios of teichoic acid and
      glycopeptide glycane were determined.

PMID- 952503
TI  - [Prevalence of markers characteristic for penicillinase plasmids in clinical
      strains of straphylococci].
AB  - Occurrence of the markers of penicillin and erythromycin resistance in the
      clinical strains of Staph. aureus, as well as their connection with the
      determinants of resistance to the heavy metal salts and sodium arsenate was
      studied. 79 per cent of Staph. aureus were resistant to penicillin and 47 per
      cent to erythromycin. All erythromycin resistant strains were also resistant to
      penicillin. More than a half of the strains of Staph. aureus of the phage groups
      I, III and the mixed phage group had a set of markers: pen, asa, cad, mer, ego.
      The rate of elimination of the above markers with ethidium bromide was high. The
      presence of the penicillinase plasmid determining a rather low level of
      resistance to erythromycin (20--50 gamma/ml) was characteristic of the strains
      belonging to the phage group I. The presence of the plasmid determining a high
      level of resistance to that drug (500--1000 gamma/ml) was characteristic of the
      phage group III and the mixed phage group. The erythromycin sensitive strains of
      Staph. aureus were almost always sensitive to mercuric ions.

PMID- 952504
TI  - [Effect of glucocorticoids on the pharmacokinetics of kanamycin in rabbits].
AB  - The effect of hydrocortisone on kanamycin pharmacokinetics in rabbits treated
      with the drugs administered intramuscularly in two different syringes
      simultaneously and in one syringe was studied. When the drugs were administered
      in two different syringes, there were no changes in the antibiotic
      pharmacokinetics as compared to the control group, while administration of the
      drugs in one syringe resulted in decreased excretion of the antibiotic with urine
      and a significant increase of its levels in the blood, liquor and tissues.

PMID- 952505
TI  - [Absorption, distribution and the duration of retention of neomycin in the body
      of pregnant rabbits and their fetuses].
AB  - Neomycin was administered intramuscularly to rabbits in single doses of 50000
      gamma/kg 24--25-day gravid rabbits were sacrificed 1.5-2-3-4-6-12-24 hours and 2
      3-6 days after the drug administration. 3--4 rabbits were used in every
      experiment. The antibiotic concentration was determined with the agar-diffusion
      method. It was found that the drug was present in various bactericidal
      concentrations in all 55 organs, tissues and fluids of the rabbits and the fetus
      examined except the crystalline lens in the rabbits and the brain, liver and bile
      cyst of the fetus. In some material of the rabbits and their fetus, high levels
      of neomycin were detected during 6 days, i. e. up to the end of the experiment.
      The highest neomycin levels in the organs, tissues and fluids of the fetus were
      detected somewhat later than in those of the rabbits. However, their retention
      time was longer. It is necessary to forbear from using antibiotics, such as
      neomycin, monomycin and others, which retained for long periods of time in the
      organism.

PMID- 952506
TI  - [Functional state of the adrenal cortex in the antibiotic therapy of experimental
      staphylococcal infection].
AB  - The functional state of the cortex in experimental animals before and after
      treatment with tetracycline was studied under conditions of prolonged infection
      caused by intravenous administration of Staph. aureus. Three staphylococcal
      strains were used in the study: sensitive, low sensitive and resistant to
      tetracycline. It was shown that development of the infection in the animals was
      accompanied by a decrease in the cortex function. Oral administration of
      tetracycline in a dose of 200 mg/kg resulted in normalization of the
      glucocorticoid function of the gland after 15 days of its use. Since the same
      phenomenon was observed when the animals were infected with the antibiotic
      resistant strains of staphylococci, it was supposed that the therapeutic effect
      of tetracycline was defined by both the antibacterial action and capacity for
      increasing the protective-adaptive reactions of the host by stimulation of the
      cortex function.

PMID- 952507
TI  - [Effect of the prolonged use of streptomycin as well as streptomycin in
      combination with tubazid on the bioelectrical activity of the brain in
      experimental tuberculosis].
AB  - The effect of streptomycin used alone and in combination with tubazid on the
      brain electric activity was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits with
      tuberculosis. The electrocorticographical investigations showed that the
      antibacterial treatment lowered the spontaneous electric activity and reactive
      capacity of the cortex. It was evident from a narrow amplitude of the main rythm,
      coefficient and energy of synchronization on rythmic photostimulation and
      paroxysmal activity withing the theta range. With the account of the high
      therapeutic effect of the antibacterial treatment evident from minimum affection
      of the organs with tuberculosis, the above changes in the electrocorticogrammes
      should be attributed to the neurotropic effect of the drug and not to
      tuberculosis intoxication.

PMID- 952508
TI  - [Antiviral activity of a poly A-poly U complex administered by various routes].
AB  - Interferon-inducing and antiviral activity of a synthetic polyribonucleotide,
      polyaenylic and polyuridylic acid complex (poly A--poly U) was studied
      comparatively on a model of experimental infection of albino mice caused by
      Venezuela Horse Encephalomyeliti Viruos (VHEV) using oral and intraperitoneal
      administration of the complex. It was shown that dm-interferon induction and
      antiviral effect comparatively high doses of poly A--poly U (Reanal) were
      required (1 mg/mouse). The highest antiviral effect was observed after a two-fold
      administration of the drug (24 hours and immediately before infection). It was
      more evident after intraperitoneal administration of the inductor. The interferon
      titers in the animal blood serum after intraperitoneal or oral administration of
      poly A--poly U were almost the same 58=60+/- +/- 18.9 IU50/ml).

PMID- 952509
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the serotonin and histamine content in the blood
      of surgical patients before and after antibiotic administration against a
      background of droperidol, promedol and atropine premedication].
AB  - The effect of intramuscular administration of ceporin and megacillin in single
      doses of 500 mg and 1000000 Units respectively on serotonin and histamine blood
      levels in 34 patients against the background of premedication with droperidol,
      promedol or atropine was studied. The observations showed that after megacillin
      injection the serotonin blood levels decreased. Ceporin had no effect on
      serotonin and histamine blood levels.

PMID- 952510
TI  - Peculiarities of the secondary structure of bacteriophage DNA in situ. VI. The
      reaction of SD phage with glyoxal.

PMID- 952511
TI  - Thermodynamics of AMP reactions from membrane electrode measurements of metal ion
      complexation.

PMID- 952512
TI  - Stimulation of chromatin template activity by the physiological macromolecule
      polyphosphate: a possible mechanism for eukaryotic gene derepression.

PMID- 952513
TI  - Vitamin B12 Biosynthesis: in vitro formation of cobinamide from cobyric acid and
      L-threonine.

PMID- 952514
TI  - Reduction of nitrofuran derivatives by xanthine oxidase and microsomes. Isolation
      and identification of reduction products.

PMID- 952515
TI  - Spectral evidence for two forms of acid ferrihemoglobin.

PMID- 952516
TI  - The role of heparin in the thrombin-antithrombin III reaction.

PMID- 952517
TI  - Metabolism of labeled carnitine in the rat.

PMID- 952518
TI  - Bovine factor Xa and bovine trypsin: a comparison with respect to inhibition by
      some amidines and guanidines.

PMID- 952519
TI  - Induction of abnormal fatty acid metabolism and essential fatty acid deficiency
      in rats by dietary DDT.

PMID- 952520
TI  - Properties of a discrete high molecular weight poly (A) containing mitochondrial
      RNA.

PMID- 952521
TI  - Synthesis of beta-1,3-glucan microfibrils by a cell-free extract from
      Phytophthora cinnamomi.

PMID- 952522
TI  - Differentiation of chloroplast lamellae. Light harvesting efficiency and grana
      development.

PMID- 952523
TI  - Differentiation of chloroplast lamellae. Onset of cation regulation of excitation
      energy distribution.

PMID- 952524
TI  - Immunochemical studies on blood groups. Fractionation, heterogeneity, and
      chemical and immunochemical properties of a blood group substance with B, I and I
      activities purified from human ovarian cyst fluid.

PMID- 952525
TI  - Immunochemical studies on blood groups. Heterogeneity of oligosaccharides
      liberated by degradation with alkaline borohydride of two human ovarian cyst
      fractions differing in B, I, and i activities and in reactivity toward
      concanavalin A.

PMID- 952526
TI  - Immunochemical studies on blood groups. Structures and immunochemical properties
      of oligosaccharides from two fractions of blood group substance from human
      ovarian cyst fluid differing in B, I, and i activities and reactivity toward
      concanavalin A.

PMID- 952527
TI  - Sebaceous gland inhibition from combined glucocorticoid-estrogen treatment.
AB  - Sebum production in seven hirsute women was found to be markedly inhibited by low
      dosage glucocorticoid therapy, usually 5 to 10 mg of prednisone daily, combined
      with the cyclic administration of ethinyl estradiol, either 80mug or 100mug
      daily, in the form of oral contraceptive medication. The average reduction of
      sebum secretion was 85.7%, from a pretreatment mean value of 3.07 mg of sebum to
      an average treatment level of 0.44 mg.

PMID- 952528
TI  - Hyperpigmented tinea versicolor.
AB  - Examination of specimens from lesions of hyperpigmented tinea versicolor and from
      unaffected skin disclosed that the lesions showed increased stratum corneum
      turnover (8.2 +/- 0.6 vs 14.8 +/- 0.4 days, respectively), slight to moderate
      routine histological changes, such as acanthosis and perivascular inflammation,
      and dramatic electron microscopical changes (larger, singly distributed
      melanosomes vs small, packaged melanosomes, respectively). Brown
      hyperpigmentation in tinea versicolor appears to arise from an increase in
      melanosome size and a change in their epidermal distribution pattern.

PMID- 952529
TI  - Intravenous desensitization to mechlorethamine in patients with psoriasis.
AB  - Eight patients with psoriasis who had developed contact allergy to
      mechlorethamine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard) were subjected to a regimen of
      intravenous infusion of small amounts of the drug in an attempt to produce
      desensitization. Although three of eight developed negative patch tests and were
      presumed to be desensitized, only one patient was able to use the drug
      therapeutically, and then only for a period of eight months, after which allergy
      recurred. The other two patients whose allergic contact dermatitis was abolished
      by the infusions were unable to use mechlorethamine therapeutically because of
      pruritus. Seven patients experienced some adverse reaction to the infusion.
      Intravenous desensitization of psoriatic patients who are allergic to
      mechlorethamine was not successful enough as a useful clinical procedure to allow
      them to once again use the drug therapeutically.

PMID- 952530
TI  - Corticosteroid-induced cutaneous atrophy and telangiectasia. Experimental
      production associated with weight loss in rats.
AB  - A bioassay for the evaluation of certain adverse effects of various
      corticosteroids was performed. Twenty-eight daily topical applications of
      corticosteroids to young rats produced reduction in body-weight gain, atrophy of
      the skin as determined by double skin-fold thickness micrometer measurement, and
      mild to severe telangiectasia. This animal model demonstrates corticosteroid
      induced skin atrophy and telangiectasia and the correlation of the degree of
      atrophy and telangiectasia to body-weight change. Nine corticosteroids were
      evaluated by this method and are listed in terms of increasing severity of side
      effects as follows: 1.0% hydrocortisone cream, 0.1% betamethasone valerate cream,
      0.025% betamethasone benzoate cream, 0.05% flurandrenolide cream, 0.05%
      fluocinonide cream, 0.1% dexamethasone cream, and 0.03% flumethasone pivalate
      cream. Triamcinolone acetonide cream, 0.5%, and 0.2% fluocinolone acetonide cream
      resulted in death of the animals prior to completion of 28 days of topical
      application.

PMID- 952531
TI  - Allergic and photoallergic dermatitis from diphenhydramine.
AB  - A 52-year-old man developed contact and photoallergic dermatitis caused by
      diphenhydramine hydrochloride as well as contact dermatitis from
      paraphenylenediamine. The diphenhydramine photoallergy was elicited by long-wave
      ultraviolet light. The action spectrum differs from that noted in a recent report
      in which wavelengths shorter than 320 nm were responsible for eliciting
      diphenhydramine photoallergy. To the best of my knowledge, this is the third case
      of diphenhydramine photosensitivity reported in the English literature. The
      combination of both contact and photosensitivity to diphenhydramine has not
      previously been described.

PMID- 952532
TI  - Plaque-type blue nevus.
AB  - Blue nevus may rarely appear in plaque form. It seems to be a benign and
      asymptomatic lesion, but because of its rarity, no definite prognosis can be
      given. Only through reporting of additional cases and their follow-up will the
      prognosis become clear.

PMID- 952533
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula. Cutaneous manifestations.
AB  - The association between congenital large-vessel arteriovenous (AV) fistulae of
      the extremities with Kaposiform acroangiomatosis is well established. Based on
      pathogenetic considerations, it is likely that many benign, cutaneous
      angiomatoses represent minute or microscopic AV fistulae. Combined large vessel
      and small vessel congenital AV fistulae of the extremity would result in the
      previously mentioned syndrome.

PMID- 952534
TI  - Hidradenitis suppurativa following acanthosis nigricans. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two overweight male patients developed acanthosis nigrican of the axillae. Seven
      to nine months later, the patients developed hidradenitis suppurativa deep within
      the areas of acanthosis nigricans. On examination of biopsy specimens, the
      hyperkeratosis of acanthosis nigricans was found to extend into the follicles. In
      previous reports, Fox-Fordyce disease and pityriasis rubra pilaris have preceded
      the onset of hidradenitis suppurativa.

PMID- 952535
TI  - Circular indurated lymphangitis of the penis.
AB  - Circular lymphangitis of the penis has been seen in three of our patients, two of
      whom complained of mild discomfort. A patient with syphilis was initially
      misdiagnosed because of similar clinical findings. A serologic test for syphilis
      should be performed in all patients with this disorder.

PMID- 952536
TI  - Leukonychia striae.
AB  - A 19-year-old keypuncher had leukonychia striae. The pattern of striae suggested
      that they occurred as a result of the mechanical stimulation of keypunching.

PMID- 952537
TI  - Pemphigus foliaceus. Early clinical appearance as dermatitis herpetiformis with
      eosinophilic spongiosis.
AB  - We encountered an unusual case of pemphigus foliaceus in which there were early
      clinical signs of dermatitis herpetiformis with eosinophilic spongiosis
      histologically. Numerous authors have appreciated that eosinophilic spongiosis
      occurs in early pemphigus foliaceus, usually in the preacantholytic stage when
      the lesions may clinically simulate dermatitis herpetiformis. Recognition of
      eosinophilic spongiosis may help differentiate early pemphigus from other
      vesiculobullous disorders.

PMID- 952538
TI  - Sebaceous glands in the esophagus. First case observed grossly.
AB  - Minute, pale tan macules of the esophageal mucosa observed at autopsy proved, on
      microscopical study, to be sebaceous glands unaccompanied by hair follicles.
      Metaplasia of pluripotent cells is postulated as their origin in this purely
      endodermal tissue, rather than derivation from islands of misplaced epidermis.

PMID- 952539
TI  - Atypical fibroxanthoma masquerading as pyogenic granuloma.
AB  - An atypical fibroxanthoma on the ear of a 82-year-old man appeared clinically as
      a pyogenic granuloma. Histopathologically, the lesion had been interpreted as a
      malignant melanoma before its true nature was identified. Familiarity with this
      cutaneous pseudomalignant growth is essential to prevent radical surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 952540
TI  - Larva currens. Cutaneous strongyloidiasis.
AB  - Strongyloides stercoralis causes a distinctive form of cutaneous larva migrans
      that is recognized as larva currens. The rapid rate of intracutaneous migration,
      the cutaneous localization, the chronicity of recurrence, and the frequency of
      urticarial reaction justify its presentation as a clinically distinguishable form
      of creeping eruption. This clinical complex should be identified as a cutaneous
      sign of systemic disease.

PMID- 952541
TI  - Letter: Skin reactions associated with propranolol.

PMID- 952542
TI  - Letter: Changes in incidence of melanoma.

PMID- 952543
TI  - Letter: Lichen sclerous et atrophicus associated with Turner syndrome.

PMID- 952544
TI  - Letter: Sun and fungi.

PMID- 952545
TI  - Letter: On the treatment of panniculitis with tetracycline.

PMID- 952546
TI  - Letter: Banded structure in cellular blue nevus.

PMID- 952547
TI  - Letter: Telephoners' impetigo.

PMID- 952548
TI  - Letter: Chemotherapy for Kaposi sarcoma.

PMID- 952549
TI  - Letter: Dermatitis medicamentosa: a pitfall for the unwary.

PMID- 952550
TI  - Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight
      velocity, and stages of puberty.
AB  - New charts for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity are presented
      for clinical (as opposed to population survey) use. They are based on
      longitudinal-type growth curves, using the same data as in the British 1965
      growth standards. In the velocity standards centiles are given for children who
      are early- and late-maturing as well as for those who mature at the average age
      (thus extending the use of the previous charts). Limits of normality for the age
      of occurrence of the adolescent growth spurt are given and also for the
      successive stages of penis, testes, and pubic hair development in boys, and for
      stages of breast and pubic hair development in girls.

PMID- 952551
TI  - Suspected poisoning in children. Study of the incidence of true poisoning and
      poisoning scare in a defined population in North East Bristol.
AB  - The distinction between true and suspected poisoning in children has not been
      made clear in previous work on childhood poisoning. A study of suspected
      poisoning in children under 15 years of age in a defined population of North East
      Bristol from November 1970 to July 1973 carried out by the Health Education
      Council Medical Research Division included 53,000 child-years at risk. The number
      of suspected poisonings was 3-4/1000 population aged under 15 years per year,
      with a higher incidence in younger age groups. Detailed investigation of the
      circumstances of the accidents carried out by a multidisciplinary team showed
      that at least 65%, and possibly as many as 78% were poisoning scares and not true
      poisoning. The evidence used by the casualty doctor and by the parents to
      diagnose poisoning was explored, and in many cases was circumstantial. Children
      with fathers in nonmanual occupations were over-represented. This may reflect
      differences in patterns of utilization behaviour rather than true differences in
      incidence.

PMID- 952552
TI  - Pet sensitivities in asthmatic children.
AB  - A history of pet contact and/or apparent clinical sensitivity was obtained in 65
      (55%) of 118 unselected asthmatic children. These 65 children were skin tested
      and their sera examined for specific IgE using the radioallergosorbent test.
      Those children who had apparent clinical sensitivities had larger skin test
      reactions and were more likely to have positive specific IgE results than those
      without apparent sensitivities. Positive skin tests were very common (80%), but
      the larger the skin test reaction (weal diameter greater than 4 mm diameter) the
      more likely was there to be a positive history or a positive specific IgE result.
      Hence a large skin test reaction can provide a helpful pointer to animal allergy
      of clinical importance. Commercially available animal extracts have limitations
      for diagnostic tests. A questionnaire survey of 150 day schools emphasized the
      potential opportunities for contact with animal allergens at school.

PMID- 952553
TI  - Cyproterone acetate in treatment of precocious puberty.
AB  - Twenty-nine children (23 girls, 6 boys) with precocious puberty were treated with
      cyproterone acetate for various periods of time ranging from 6 months to 3 years
      4 months. They received an oral dose ranging from 70-150 mg/m2 per day, or an
      intramuscular depot injection once a fortnight or once a month at a dose ranging
      from 107-230 mg/m2. Both forms of therapy were found to suppress the signs of
      sexual maturation, but the oral form proved to be superior. Only the younger
      patients with a bone age under 11 years showed a beneficial effect upon linear
      growth and bone maturation. No side effects were noted, but additional
      advantageous effects upon behaviour and sociability were. It is concluded that at
      present cyproterone acetate by mouth is the drug of choice in the treatment of
      precocious puberty. The treatment should be initiated as early as possible to
      attain maximum benefit.

PMID- 952554
TI  - Rifamycin in neonatal flavobacteria meningitis.
AB  - Three newborn infants with meningitis due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum were
      treated with rifamycin administered parenterally and directly into the cerebral
      ventricles. Antibiotic concentrations of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were
      monitored during treatment. There was rapid sterilization of the CSF after this
      antibiotic. Jaundice was the only toxicity noted. All 3 infants developed
      hydrocephalus and are shunt dependent. Two of them are otherwise free of
      neurological complications and are developing normally. Rifamycin is a safe and
      effective antibiotic in this form of neonatal meningitis.

PMID- 952555
TI  - Reversible intestinal mucosal abnormality in acrodermatitis enteropathica.
AB  - In 3 cases of acrodermatitis enteropathica duodenal biopsy performed at the
      outset of treatment showed a similar abnormality of the intestinal mucosa.
      Further biopsies taken during treatment showed progressive improvement of the
      intestinal mucosa with subsequent complete restoration of the normal cellular and
      villous pattern. The initial treatment was with expressed human breast milk and
      oral di-iodohydroxyquinoline. The latter was continued alone and later replaced
      by zinc sulphate. Changes in the intestinal epithelial cells and inflammatory
      cell infiltration of the lamina propria still detectable on di
      iodohydroxyquinoline therapy reverted to normal with oral zinc.

PMID- 952556
TI  - Medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland in a girl aged 10 years.
AB  - A healthy girl of 10 years presented with lumps on her tongue, shown on biopsy to
      be neuromas. She had had operations to her feet for pes cavus and was relatively
      long-limbed but had no other 'Marfanoid' features. She had a high plasma
      calcitonin level. At operation a normal sized thyroid gland was totally removed.
      It contained two discrete masses of malignant C-cells and diffuse foci elsewhere.
      The plasma calcitonin fell slowly to normal on follow-up but was noted to be
      rising 2 1/2 years later. We stress the importance of making this diagnosis as
      early as possible and mention briefly another child aged 15 months, similarly
      diagnosed and operated upon.

PMID- 952557
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis and exchange transfusion in a neonate with argininosuccinic
      aciduria.
AB  - Peritoneal dialysis rapidly reduced blood ammonia concentration in this child
      with arginino-succinic acid-lyase deficiency, whereas exchange transfusion did
      not. Yet this reduction in plasma ammonia level did not produce clinical
      improvement. We speculate that the effects of ammonia intoxication on the highly
      susceptible neonatal metabolism are due to an accumulation of toxic products and
      to an altered energy metabolism. Both aspects must be considered in any attempt
      to treat congenital hyperammonaemia.

PMID- 952558
TI  - Decreased antihaemophilic globulin and leucocyte response to epinephrine in
      preterm infants.
AB  - Twenty-one preterm and 23 term neonates, 13 splenectomized children and one with
      congenital asplenia, and 20 normal children were examined for plasma
      antihaemophilic activity and for blood leucocyte levels before and 30 minutes
      after a subcutaneous injection of epinephrine 0-01 mg/kg. The basal values for
      antihaemophilic activity were similar for the 4 groups. The response to
      epinephrine was a trivial rise in antihaemophilic activity in the preterm group,
      while the rise in the term newborns was comparable to that of the normal
      children. The asplenic children all showed a trivial rise. The leucocyte response
      was also negligible in both the preterm neonates and asplenic groups, while in
      the term infants it was comparable to that seen in the normal children. These
      results may indicate an incapacity of the preterm newborn infant's
      reticuloendothelial system and spleen to react to other challenges, such as
      bacterial infection.

PMID- 952559
TI  - Proceedings: Nutritional value of whey protein and curd protein in the low
      birthweight baby.

PMID- 952560
TI  - Letter: Schilder's disease: cholesterol metabolism in cultured fibroblasts.

PMID- 952561
TI  - Letter: Intramuscular versus oral phenytoin.

PMID- 952562
TI  - Manpower goals in American surgery. Implications for residency training. Future
      surgical manpower in the framework of total United States physicians.
AB  - Constraints on manpower are intrinsic in the establishment of standards of
      excellence. When such constraints are exerted by individual Boards, Societies,
      Colleges or Academies they should act to improve the quality of care; their
      weakness lies in their lack of control over non-members, or those who have failed
      to pass the examinations. Such manpower constraints become specific objectives or
      goals when the number of accredited specialists is specifically related to the
      size of the population served. Any such manpower planning must recognize the many
      uncertainties in the future of American medicine, and maintain wide elasticity in
      the planning process. Social and economic pressures render the consideration of
      specific manpower goals essential at this time. Data from the national surgical
      study (SOSSUS) make it possible to consider such goals. Manpower objectives for
      surgery or any other branch of medicine should be considered as a part of the
      total medical manpower outlook for the United States. Pressures to reduce the
      number of surgeons entering practice are notable at this time. These should be
      evaluated against other pressures to maintain or increase the number of hospital
      based specialists in all fields as the total number of practitioners undergoes a
      major expansion over the next 25 years, and the pressure for specialty care is
      thereby increased. A reasonable balance between these two pressures would be a
      manpower goal for surgery that allowed a modest growth rate over the next 25-50
      years. An example of such is the goal of limiting surgical practitioner growth to
      a 1% increase in the ratio to population, every 5 years. This would be in sharp
      contrast to the continuous explosive growth of numbers of surgeons, since World
      War II.

PMID- 952563
TI  - Acute cholecystitis as a postoperative complication.
AB  - The clinical course and management of 40 patients who underwent operation for
      acute cholecystitis developing as a postoperative complication were reviewed. Of
      note was the mortality of 47%, the high incidence of gangrene, perforation,
      empyema, and cholangitis, and the atypical clinical presentation of acute
      cholecystitis under these conditions. Awareness of this possible complication,
      knowledge of its clinical features, and early surgical intervention are important
      facets of successful management.

PMID- 952564
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare and usually fatal disease.
      Only 45 cases have been reported in the world literature. The authors add one
      case and review all previous reports. The disease is one primarily of elderly
      women, arising from the middle third of the inferior vena cava with a wide range
      of symptomatology, varying form the Budd-Chiari syndrome to a few asymptomatic
      cases. The tumor may grow very slowly or occasionally very rapidly, shows
      extensive local invasion, and metastasizes more frequently than previously
      believed. While radiotherapy and chemotherapy have not been adequately studied,
      aggresive surgical intervention using the recent advances in vascular surgery
      appears to offer long term palliation and hopefully cures of this disease in the
      future.

PMID- 952565
TI  - Anastomotic aneurysms following arterial grafting: A 10-year experience.
AB  - A multi-faceted pathogenesis of vascular anastomotic aneurysms encompassing both
      the earlier and modern eras of vascular surgery has been proposed. A review of
      the clinical records of patients with such aneurysms suggests that while silk
      sutures were an important causative factor in the earlier era, this complication
      continues to occur with the more recent use of synthetic suture material. Future
      examination of the data suggests that the location of the anastomosis remains
      important in the development of these aneurysms. Moreover, operative findings
      suggest that graft tension, shearing and vibration forces along the suture line
      and degeneration of the host vessel are the more important causative factors
      today.

PMID- 952566
TI  - Physical properties of surgical suture materials: Stress-strain relationship,
      stress-relaxation and irreversible elongation.
AB  - The stress-strain relationship, the stress-relaxation and the irreversible
      elongation of different suture materials were investigated. It was found that the
      distensibility of the fibers varied greatly. Most fibers were found to be chiefly
      elastic but some fibers were elastic when a moderate load was applied and plastic
      when the load increased. Some fibers, especially Prolene, were plastic also when
      moderate load was applied. The importance of information concerning these and
      other physical properties of surgical suture material is pointed out. In the
      future, surgeons will not have to accept suture materials with unknown physical
      properties but will demand fibers with defined properties for every purpose.

PMID- 952567
TI  - The effect of vagotomy antrectomy or vagotomy pyloroplasty on the response of the
      antrum to meat extract in duodenal ulcer patients.
AB  - In 9 normal and 42 duodenal ulcer patients, acid and gastrin studies were
      performed. Basal, Oxo and Histalog stimulated acid secretion was conducted on
      each patient. In 24 patients post vagotomy pyloroplasty or vagotomy antrectomy,
      these studies were repeated within three months after surgery. Two groups of
      duodenal ulcer patients were identified; those who did respond and those who did
      not respond to Oxo stimulation. In the "responders," Oxo stimulated acid output
      and gastrin secretion increased significantly over basal values. Both vagotomy
      pyloroplasty and vagotomy antrectomy caused a similar significant decrease in Oxo
      and Histalog stimulated acid output. In two patients with incomplete vagotomy,
      antrectomy, but not pyloroplasty abolished the Oxo stimulated acid response.
      These data suggest that OXO stimulation test can select patients with a
      significant antral component in whom vagotomy and antrectomy would be the
      appropriate procedure. Our results also indicate that antrectomy will protect
      against recurrent ulceration in patients with incomplete vagotomy and may explain
      the lower incidence of stomal ulceration in patients with vagotomy antrectomy,
      compared to vagotomy pyloroplasty.

PMID- 952568
TI  - Comparison of ancrod and heparin as anticoagulants following endarterectomy in
      the dog.
AB  - An experimental model of surgically-induced arterial thrombosis was devised using
      the femoral arteries of dogs. Within 7 days, 67% of the arteries became
      completely thrombosed and only 12% remained compeletly patent. In the group of
      dogs that received low-dose heparin, 69% of the vessels were completely
      thrombosed and 6% remained completely patent. In the group of dogs treated with
      low-dose Ancrod to induce partial defibrination, 75% remained completely patent
      while only 19% of their femoral arteries were completely thrombosed. Although the
      ancrod was effective in preventing arterial thrombosis, 88% of the wounds showed
      moderate to severe separations. Most likely the absence of a fibrin lattice,
      necessary for the securement and growth of fibroblasts as the wound heals,
      explains this latter effect. Thus while Ancrod may become useful as an
      anticoagulant in certain clinical situations, it should not be used in proximity
      to surgery. Finally, in these studies of acute arterial thromboses, low-dose
      heparin therapy offered no protective effect.

PMID- 952569
TI  - Reduction of early occlusions in the high risk peripheral saphenous vein graft.
AB  - Early thrombosis of saphenous vein grafts can only reduce long-term patency.
      There exists a high risk category of patients who can be identified
      preoperatively where early failure is increased above the 10-20% which is
      attributed to technical errors. A venous side-arm indwelling catheter offers a
      safe means of reducing early thrombosis, promptly diagnosing the occlusion when
      it does occur, and more clearly delineating a course of corrective action. The
      venous side-arm catheter provides a means by which the vascular bed at highest
      risk may be regionally anticoagulated while allowing systemic clotting times to
      remain near normal. In addition, vasoactive drugs may be infused directly into
      the arterial tree and perhaps most importantly, rapid and atraumatic arteriograms
      can be obtained postoperatively at the bedside for evaluation of questionable
      perfusion. Regional heparinization and postoperative arterigraphy by means to the
      side-branch catheter technique was used in twelve patients who otherwise had an
      expected occlusion rate of 75% or more with an actual early occlusion incidence
      of zero.

PMID- 952570
TI  - Gastrocolic fistulae in benign peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - Occurence of gastroenteric fistulae in non-surgically treated peptic ulcer
      disease is rare as suggested by only 26 cases published in the literature so far.
      We had the opportunity to care for 3 patients with this problem in a period of
      one year. At our institution, a search of the medical records dating back to 1955
      yielded one additional case. Most of our patients had a history of salicylate or
      corticosteroid intake. We present here the details of these cases and discuss the
      possible role of the location of the ulcer and ulcerogenic anti-inflammatory drug
      ingestion in the causation of gastroenteric fistula. We believe the incidence of
      this uncommon entity may rise significantly with the more common use of
      salicylates and corticosteroids.

PMID- 952571
TI  - Pyogenic liver abscess secondary to asymptomatic sigmoid diverticulitis.
AB  - A patient with multiple pyogenic abscesses in both lobes of the liver secondary
      to asymptomatic sigmoid diverticulitis is presented. The rarity of this illness
      is noted. It is suggested that barium enema be performed in patients who present
      with pyogenic liver abscess of unknown etiology because of the association with
      asymptomatic sigmoid diverticulitis.

PMID- 952572
TI  - Disposition kinetics of ketamine in the domestic cat.
AB  - The disposition kinetics and systemic availability of ketamine, a dissociative
      anaesthetic agent, was studied in normal domestic cats. A similar dose (25 mg/kg)
      of ketamine hydrochloride was administered by the i.v. and i.m. routes; drug
      concentrations in plasma were measured by a gas-liquid chromatographic procedure.
      A rapid distribution phase (t1/2 (alpha) = 3 min) was followed by a slower first
      order elimination phase. The half-life of the drug (66.9 +/- 24.1 min) was
      independent of the route of parenteral administration. Absorption from i.m. site
      of administration was rapid, with peak plasma level at 10 min, and ca. 92 per
      cent of the dose was available systemically. Extent of plasma protein binding,
      measured in vitro at 5 and 20 mug/ml by equilibrium dialysis technique, was 53
      per cent and independent of ketamine concentration. Simulated plasma and tissue
      level curves, which were generated by an analogue computer programmed with the
      individual rate constants of the two-compartment open model, showed that 10 and
      15 per cent of the dose were present in the central and peripheral compartments,
      respectively, at 90 min after i.v. administration of the drug. Peak tissue level
      of 42 per cent of the dose was reached at 12 to 15 min. Parenteral administration
      of ketamine, at the dosage rate studied, quickly produced an immobilizing effect
      of variable duration (0.75 to 1.75 hr) in normal cats.

PMID- 952573
TI  - Carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in young, adult and pregnant rats. Relation to
      pharmacological effects.
AB  - Adult, male, female and pregnant rats were treated with single and repeated doses
      of carbamazepine (CBZ). The time course of the drug concentrations in plasma and
      tissues was followed. In all cases, data on plasma levels were subjected to
      pharmacokinetic analyses. Attempts were made to relate pharmacokinetic properties
      of carbamazepine to its effect on pentobarbital sleeping time and on protection
      against electroshock, after acute and repeated administration: --it was found
      that male rats eliminate carbamazepine faster than females: the total body
      clearance (TBC) was 16 ml/min/kg and 9.4 ml/min/kg, respectively. Two dose levels
      (25 and 50 mg/kg) had the same pharmacokinetic properties in young rats. Pregnant
      rats clear CBZ to a lesser extent than controls. --CBZ was found to accelerate
      its own elimination after repeated administration in both adult and young rats as
      revealed by the shortening of its half-life and an increase of 50% in clearance.
      Moreover, the protection against electroshock was significantly reduced after
      repeated administration, compared with a single-dose administration. Repeated
      administration of CBZ in rats shortens pentobarbital sleeping time and decreases
      the pentobarbital brain level significantly.

PMID- 952574
TI  - Hexachlorophene metabolism in rats: the hepatic route.
AB  - The terminal elimination rate of radioactivity from the bile of bile-duct
      cannulated rats, that had received hexachlorophene-14C via the hepatic portal
      vein, had an apparent first-order half-life of about 10 hr. Tissue distribution
      studies in these rats indicated that 35-47% of the carbon-14 of the dose was
      eliminated through the bile within 24 hr. Significant amounts of radioactivity
      were also found in the liver and carcass at that time; the brain was the only
      tissue that did not consistently have much higher concentrations of carbon-14
      than the blood. The rate limiting step in the disposition of hexachlorophene may
      be excretion into the bile. A bile-feeding technique demonstrated enterohepatic
      circulation.

PMID- 952575
TI  - [Interaction of tricyclic antidepressants with noradrenaline and 5
      hydroxytryptamine in peripheral preparations of the rat].
AB  - The potentiation of the noradrenaline (NA) actions by antidepressant drugs was
      studied in vitro on the rat vas deferens and in vivo on the rat blood pressure. A
      new dibenzazepine compound, LM 208, and two antiparkinsonian drugs, orphenadrine
      and its demethylated derivative, were compared to well known antidepressants. The
      modification by all these agents of the rat uterus response to 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was also investigated. The possible use of these
      interactions as models for NA and 5-HT uptake inhibition is discussed.

PMID- 952576
TI  - The influence of meprobamate on heart rate in the conscious dog.
AB  - The effects of meprobamate on heart rate in the unanesthetized dog were compared
      under two experimental conditions: (1) In the animal equipped with a telemetry
      device, in which the heart rate was on average 70/min over a 24 hour period, i.v.
      injection of 20 mg/kg of meprobamate tended to increase heart rate, a dose of 50
      mg/kg provoking a significant tachycardia; (2) In the untrained dog restrained on
      a table, in which the heart rate ranged from 100 to 110/min, i.v. doses of 20 and
      30 mg/kg of meprobamate did not lower heart rate, notwithstanding a significant
      sedative effect whereas a dose of 50 mg/kg provoked tachycardia; atropine-induced
      cardio-acceleration was not influenced by these doses of meprobamate.

PMID- 952577
TI  - Release and receptor stimulating properties of p-tyramine in rat brain.
AB  - Radiolabeled p-tyramine could be released from rat striatal slices, which were
      previously allowed to accumulate this amine, upon depolarization with media
      containing 40 mM potassium. This depolarization-induced release did not occur in
      the absence of calcium ions in the medium and over 75% of the labeled material
      released was identified chromatographically as tyramine. The possible existence
      of a direct receptor-stimulating activity of p-tyramine was examined by injecting
      this amine intraventricularly into rats, after pretreatment with various drugs,
      which inhibit catecholaminergic function, and measuring their motor activity. If
      injected into rats, which were pretreated with reserpine or alpha-methyl-p
      tyrosine, p-tyramine induced a marked increase in the motor activity, which was
      not accompanied by a significant decrease in brain catecholamines, ruling out the
      possibility of indirect receptor stimulation. Since the presence of endogenous p
      tyramine in the brain has been reported, these data may indicate a specific
      synaptic role for this amine, perhaps as a neurotransmitter.

PMID- 952578
TI  - Intravenous pharmacokinetic profile in rats of etomidate, a short-acting hypnotic
      drug.
AB  - Etomidate is a novel short-acting drug, whose pharmacokinetic profile was studied
      in 14 organs and tissues after i.v. administration to rats. Four dose levels,
      ranging from 224 to 1800 mug, were assayed between 1.75 and 112 min after
      administration. A three-compartment open linear model has been fitted to the
      plasma concentrations, assuming a central, peripheral and deep compartment. The
      fast component of the plasma curve, has a half-life of 1.19 min. Brain tissue
      rapidly enters in equilibrium with plasma and shows the highest concentration.
      Muscle, subcutaneous fat and possibly skin and connective tissues contribute most
      to the total amount of drug in the body. Many tissues are heterogeneous and
      exhibit combinations of central, peripheral and deep compartments. Elimination of
      etomidate occurs by ester-hydrolysis in plasma and in the liver with
      approximately equal rate constants. Metabolization of etomidate in the liver is a
      capacity-limited Michaelis-Menten process.

PMID- 952579
TI  - The mechanism of contraction of rat aorta to various agonists.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism of contraction of the smooth muscle of the rat's
      aorta, its response to norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytrypatamine (5-HT) and
      potassium chloride (KCI) was determined before and after pretreatment with
      reserpine and beta-diethylamionethyl 2-2-diphenylpropyl acetate (SKF 525-A).
      Unlike the rabbit's aorta, contraction of the rat's aorta induced by NE was
      inhibited by SKF 525-A. After the induction of maximal contraction, SKF 525-A
      induced a graded rapid relaxation after KCl, less so after 5-HT, and least after
      NE. Pretreatment with reserpine failed to induce supersensitivity to NE. After
      incubation in a Ca++-free or Na+ and Ca++-free Krebs solution, the rat's aorta
      failed to contract even on the addition of Ca++ or NE.

PMID- 952580
TI  - The effect of temperature upon the positive inotropic and chronotropic responses
      of isolated cardiac preparations to isoprenaline and its modification by
      experimental variables.
AB  - The effects of various experimental variables upon the optimum temperatures for
      positive inotropic and chronotropic responses to isoprenaline in isolated cardiac
      preparations were examined. Perfusion rate and animal (heart) size affected the
      satisfactory determination of rate and tension optima of guinea-pig and rabbit
      perfused hearts. Isolated spontaneous atria were assumed to have the same
      temperature optima as perfused hearts and these were independent of the animal
      size/age. Paced atria, in which spontaneous rate changes were absent, revealed a
      sharper tension optimum at an unaltered temperature. The inotropic optimum in all
      preparations varied with the method of expressing the response; however, since
      the increase tension remained independent of resting developed tension in pacing
      experiments, this measure was adopted. The resulting inotropic and chronotropic
      optima, having minimized these variables, were 25 and 35, and 30 and 37.5 degrees
      C for guinea-pigs and rabbits respectively. This confirms the separation of these
      responses by temperature.

PMID- 952581
TI  - Characteristics of responses of isolated human fallopian tube to transmural
      stimulation and to sympathomimetic amines.
AB  - The responses of circular and longitudinal muscle of human fallopian tube to
      transmural stimulation and sympathomimetic amines have been investigated. It was
      found that tissues from the earlier part of the menstrual cycle (i.e., estrogen
      dominant) were less responsive to all stimuli than those from the middle or late
      phase of the cycle. Although excitatory alpha responses of ampulla and isthmus
      could be observed, the predominant response of ampulla and isthmus, in all phases
      of the menstrual cycle, to (--)-noradrenaline and transmural stimulation was
      inhibition of spontaneous activity. The inhibitory response to transmural
      stimulation, was abolished by tetrodotoxin and guanethidine. The inhibitory
      responses to transmural stimulation and (--)-noradrenaline were reversed by
      propranolol. These findings show that the response of tissues to transmural
      stimulation resulted from release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerves, and
      subsequent action on inhibitory beta adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 952582
TI  - The actions of ketamine on vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - The responses of rabbit aortic strips superfused with noradrenaline, adrenaline
      and 5-HT were studied alone and in combination with ketamine (50 mug/ml).
      Ketamine caused a slight depression of the isolated aorta but potentiated
      responses to adrenaline but not to noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine. Ketamine
      did not potentiate aortic strips contracted to a stable level by pyrogallol and
      adrenaline. Experiments carried out with COMT from homogenates of rat liver
      showed that, in contrast to pyrogallol (10(-5) M), ketamine (10(-3) M) did not
      inhibit the enzyme. Other experiments with rabbits given 6-hydroxydopamine showed
      that aortas of these rabbits responded in a similar manner to controls when
      treated with ketamine and catecholamines. Results obtained with aortas contracted
      by adrenaline and noradrenaline with ketamine present, followed by oil immersion,
      showed that ketamine prolonged greatly the relaxation induced by adrenaline and
      to a lesser extent the relaxation induced by noradrenaline. The results of these
      studies indicate that ketamine prevented catecholamines from reaching the
      intracellular site of COMT. In this respect, ketamine can be termed an inhibitor
      of uptake site 2. If this hypothesis is valid then the action of ketamine on
      vascular tissue might explain the cardiovascular effects of the drug in man and
      experimental animals.

PMID- 952583
TI  - Antitussive properties of butorphanol.
AB  - Butorphanol (levo-N-cyclobutylmethyl-3, 14-dihydroxy morphinan), a potent
      analgetic agent of the narcotic antagonist type with a low abuse potential in
      laboratory animals, was evaluated for antitussive activity in unanesthetized
      guinea-pigs and dogs. Subcutaneously, it was over 100 times more active than
      codeine, dextromethorphan and dl-pentazocine and about 20 times more active than
      morphine in the guinea-pig, while in the dog it was 100, 10 and 4 times more
      active than codeine, dl-pentazocine and morphine, respectively. Orally,
      butorphanol was 15-20 times more active than either codeine or dextromethrophan
      in both species. Naloxone reversed the antitussive effects of butorphanol,
      codeine, morphine and dl-pentazocine while those of dextromethorphan were not
      antagonized. The antitussive effect of butorphanol and morphine lasted about 4 hr
      and both compounds were longer acting than codeine. Butorphanol was also shown to
      be as effective against cough of pathological origin as against experimentally
      induced cough in the dog.

PMID- 952584
TI  - A relatively simple differential screening test for GABA or glycine antagonists
      using rat electroretinography.
AB  - Intravitreal injection of GABA- and glycine-antagonists had specific and
      reversible effects on the ERG of rats. For example, picrotoxin induced
      characteristic rhythmic potentials. The effect was common to other GABA
      antagonists, such as bicuculline, N-methylbicuculline and penicillin G.
      Strychnine caused the appearance of a- and c-like waves in response to low
      intensity flash stimuli in addition to the suppression of the b-wave commonly
      seen with agents such as asparate following higher intensity flash stimuli. The
      strychnine-like effect was common to other glycine-antagonist tested, such as
      brucine, morphine and laudanosine. The quanternization of the glycine-antagonists
      abolished the strychnine-like activity and endowed the ability to induce the
      rhythmic potentials characteristic of GABA-antagonists. This relatively simple
      method of observing either rhythmic potentials or a negative deflection (a-like
      wave) to a low intensity stimulus (about 1.0 log unit above dark threshold) in
      the ERG should be useful for the rapid screening of the predicted and new GABA-
      and glycine-antagonists.

PMID- 952585
TI  - Autoradiographic distribution study of 14C-DOPA in cat brain.
AB  - The penetration and distribution in various areas of cat brain of 14C-DL-DOPA
      and/or its derivatives was studied by the autoradiographic technique. The highest
      activity was found, 1 hr after administration, in the caudate nucleus, putamen
      and n. accumbens, while hypothalamus, substantia nigra, substantia grisea
      pericentralis, tuberculum olfactorium, raphe nuclei and nucleus interpeduncolaris
      showed lower levels of labelling. Very low activity was detected in the cerebral
      cortex and in the other gray and white matter structures of brain. After
      pretreatment with a peripheral DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor or high dosage of
      cold DOPA, the distribution pattern was not modified but the levels of
      radioactivity were greatly enhanced. The localization of the drug in dopaminergic
      structures and other areas of the brain is discussed.

PMID- 952586
TI  - Effects of DOCA on circulation, renal functions, body fluids and tissue
      electrolytes.
AB  - Desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) was administered subcutaneously to 11 normal
      dogs (2 mg/kg/day) for 4 days. Few changes were observed in cardiovascular and
      renal functions except that the glomerular filtration rate was significantly
      increased. Total body water and plasma volume increased with a reduction of red
      blood cell volume. Hematocrit, plasma osmolality and total protein concentrations
      were decreased. The plasma K+ levels were lowered despite unchanged plasma
      concentrations of Na+, Ca++, Mg++, Cl- and phosphorus. The heart showed an
      increase in Na+ content and a decrease in K+, Ca++, phosphorus and total lipids.
      The skeletal muscle showed a decrease in Ca++ and an increase in Cl- and water
      content. The skin revealed a reduction of K+ and an elevation of Cl-. This study
      showed that a DOCA-induced depletion of K+ from skeletal muscle did not occur in
      normally fed dogs that did not receive a large sodium load.

PMID- 952587
TI  - Effect of endotoxin on 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the rabbit
      jejunum and lung.

PMID- 952588
TI  - Triplennamine and dopamine-induced neurogenic vasodilatation.

PMID- 952589
TI  - Discrimination of narcotic drugs on 3H-fentanyl receptor binding.
AB  - Stereospecific opiate receptor binding was measured using specifically labeled
      fentanyl in the presence of an excess of either dextromoramide or levomoramide,
      only the former being the analgesic isomer. In a very large series of chemically
      related drugs, but of different pharmacological activity, it was possible to
      recognize compounds endowed with a potential morphine-like activity. Attempts
      were made to localize the opiate receptors within the neuronal cell.

PMID- 952590
TI  - Effect of isoproterenol on urinary function in goats.
AB  - Intraventricular administration of small doses (6.3-19-58 ng/kg/min) of
      isoproterenol (ISO) in non-hydrated goats produced a diuretic response, a
      decrease in urinary Na+, K+ and Cl- excretion and an increase in free water
      clearance. The diuretic response of ISO could be blocked by propranolol, but not
      by phentolamine. The data suggest that hypothalamic beta-adrenoceptors are
      involved in the inhibition of ADH release.

PMID- 952591
TI  - Naloxone reverses inhibitory effects of fatigue and of compounds not related to
      narcotic analgesics in the guinea-pig ileum.

PMID- 952592
TI  - [Research in obstetrics].

PMID- 952593
TI  - [Results of Mustard's operation for transposition of the great vessels. Apropos
      of 81 cases of children who survived the intervention with a follow-up of from 1
      to 6 years].
AB  - In a series of 81 children who survived to Mustard's operation, with a follow-up
      varying from 6 months to 6 years, there were 19% of secondary deaths, 19% of bad
      results, 29% of questionable results and only 33% of good results. The most
      frequent complications were: disturbances of cardiac rhythm and obstructions to
      pulmonary or caval venous return.

PMID- 952594
TI  - [Evaluation of gonadotropic and gonadal secretions in primary abnormalities of
      the gonads and male pseudohermaphrodism before and after the age of puberty].
AB  - Blood levels of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and gonadal steroids (testosterone or
      estradiol) have been evaluated in 72 children and adolescents with primary
      gonadal defects (45 agonadal patients, 7 with asymetrical gonadal dysgenesis, 9
      with Klinefelter syndrome, 4 with partial testicular dysgenesis and 7 with
      partial ovarian dysgenesis) and in 17 cases of male pseudohermaphrodism. A LH-RH
      test has been performed in most cases, and a testicular stimulation test with
      chorionic gonadotropin in patients with testicular tissue. Agonadal subjects had
      increased blood and pituitary releasable gonadotropins: very high in infants and
      young children, much less from 7 to 11 years, a high spurt being observed at 12
      years. This diphasic pattern relates to the varying sensitivity of hypothalamic
      receptors and suggests that adrenal steroids may restrain gonadotropic secretion
      at 7-8 years. As a diagnostic tool, the increase of gonadotropins may be missing
      in the 7-11 years group. In the 1-12 years patients with partially defective
      gonads, blood and pituitary releasable gonadotropins and blood steroids are
      usually normal, but testosterone response to chorionic gonadotropin may be
      already blunted. From 13 years the gonadotropic secretion is usually increased,
      even when testosterone secretion and reserve are within normal range. Most male
      pseudohermaphrodites showed normal gonadotropic and testicular secretions. But
      four patients had highly increased responses to LH-RH, suggesting a defect of
      testicular secretion or of receptors, and demonstrating some heterogeneity in the
      male pseudohermaphrodism group.

PMID- 952595
TI  - [Pediatric pharmacology. Practical ideas of kinetics and metabolism of drugs].
AB  - After administration, a drug does not exert immediately all its actions. Rates of
      diffusion, fixation and excretion of drugs are depending from their nature as
      well as from the condition of the body to which they are given. The resultant of
      these mechanisms control the blood level of a drug, level which varies in
      function of time. The blood level reflects the pharmacodynamic activity of a
      drug. Information on kinetics and significance of the status of drug equilibrium
      are of major importance for rational drug administration.

PMID- 952596
TI  - [Attempts at a nosological classification with two standardized psychiatric
      rating scales (author's transl)].
AB  - Three different procedures for classification of psychiatric patients, a modified
      form of Q factor analysis, the classical discriminant analysis and a simple
      procedure based on clinical concepts, were compared empirically. On the basis of
      the psychopathological state rated by means of the Inpatient Multidimensional
      Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) and psychopathological and somatic scales of the AMP
      documentation system (AMP scale), the three procedures were applied in order to
      reproduce the psychiatric diagnosis. The classification was made by paired
      comparison of the following four diagnoses: schizophrenia, paranoid form (n =
      45), schizophrenia, unspecified form (n = 47), depressive psychosis (n = 44), and
      depressive neurosis (n = 53). The procedures were evaluated according to their
      crossvalidation results. The mean percentages of correct classification were the
      following: 83% for the modified form of Q factor analysis, 77% for the classical
      discriminant analysis, 73% for the simple procedure based on clinical concepts
      using the IMPS, and 79% for the same procedure, but using the AMP scale, all
      three procedures reaching about the same level of validity.

PMID- 952597
TI  - [Multiple sclerosis and personality aspects (author's transl)].
AB  - In a sample of 85 multiple sclerosis patients an increase of the objective
      neurological degree of severity of the illness resulted in a significant decrease
      of manifold psychometrically recorded functions of intelligence (verbal and non
      verbal intelligence). Of the personality characteristics registered by
      questionnaire only depression proved significant, but numerically slightly
      positive correlation with the degree of severity of the illness. The correlations
      between degree of severity and personality characteristics, as aggressiveness,
      sociability, neuroticism, extraversion were not significant. The personality
      psychological results were especially interpreted and discussed with regard to
      the therapeutic consequences.

PMID- 952598
TI  - [Investigations of fasting blood glucose in endogenous depressive, schizophrenic,
      and neurotic patients (author's transl)].
AB  - Fasting blood glucose was estimated in endogenous depressive, schizophrenic, and
      neurotic patients. Mean fasting blood glucose levels were found to be
      significantly increased in endogenous depressive patients as compared with
      schizophrenics and neurotics. This finding is thought to be a sensitive symptom
      for a decrease in glucose tolerance in endogenous depression. No correlation
      could be detected to sex, body weight: body height ratio or age. Several
      hypothetical explanations of the finding are discussed.

PMID- 952599
TI  - [Investigation of the interraterreliability of the AMP system (author's transl)].
AB  - The interraterreliability of the AMP system (developed by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft
      fur Methodik und Kokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMP)) has been studied for the
      first time concerning the level of scales. The investigation was carried out
      using 80 ratings from two raters concerning a group of acute schizophrenic
      patients. The results pointed out the extreme usefulness of the AMP system also
      with respect to interraterreliability. Furthermore, a comparison between the
      group studied (ICD 295) and a group of schizophrenic patients (ICD 295) from the
      literature indicated a special AMP profile for groups of schizophrenic patients,
      the paranoid subgroup (295.3) being predominant.

PMID- 952600
TI  - [Controlled EEG alpha feedback training in normals and headache patients
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Headache patients and healthy controls underwent alpha-EEG feedback training in
      12 sessions. The present study does not support the literature which reports
      alpha increase by feedback training. The study included a patient group receiving
      feedback, a patient control group receiving pseudofeedback, and a volunteer group
      receiving feedback. Increase of alpha EEG was observed under feedback and
      pseudofeedback. However, there was always more alpha during baseline times than
      during training times. Alpha increase over time is suggested to be a habituation
      effect. Headache pain decreased with training (within the boundaries of a placebo
      effect), and there was no difference in headache decrease between feedback and
      pseudofeedback patients.

PMID- 952601
TI  - [How alcohol and drug consumers see themselves: a personal and social self
      assessment (author's transl)].
AB  - In a representative inquiry we found significant differences in the self
      assessment of 4082 20-year-old Swiss men, as to whether their consumption of
      alcohol and drugs is high, low, or zero. The heavy users of alcohol and drugs
      describe themselves as men with frequent personal difficulties and psychosomatic
      disturbances. They tend to separate earlier from their family and prefer a less
      conventional, more consume-orientated, and passive way of life than the
      remainder.

PMID- 952602
TI  - [On the concept of "situation" in psychopathology (author's transl)].
AB  - In continuation of previous work, the present investigation attempts to present
      the concept of situation from the point of view of an interactional
      psychopatholgy. Three aspects of situation are emphasized, the impressive, the
      expressive, and the dynamic. Some kinds of psychopathologically significant
      situation-changes are described as examples.

PMID- 952603
TI  - [Critical remarks on the symptom of "thought insertion" (author's transl)].
AB  - "Thought insertion" is one of Kurt Schneider's first rank symptoms of
      schizophrenia. Earlier, Karl Jaspers had made a finer distinction,
      differentiating between "thought insertion in a narrower sense" and "made
      thoughts." However, most German and English writers have dispensed with the
      Jasperian criteria for this differentiation and consequently their use of the
      term "thought insertion" is broader. Such authors, including Kurt Schneider and
      Weitbrecht, usually speak of "thought insertion", "made thoughts", and
      "influencing of thoughts" as if they were identical phenomena. In contrast,
      Jaspers' differentiation offers us the possibility of more clearly distinguishing
      such symptoms and thus his distinction should not be neglected. Furthermore, the
      Jasperian criteria can be logically and usefully extended to all "made and
      passivity experiences" enabling one to recognise four aspects of such phenomena.
      Some general differential diagnostic considerations with respect to "thought
      insertion" are then presented.

PMID- 952604
TI  - Electroencephalographic laterality changes during human sexual orgasm.
AB  - Left and right parietal EEGs were recorded while seven subjects experienced
      sexual climax through self-stimulation. EEG data were quantified by continuous
      cumulated measurements of the integrated areas of EEG recording during successive
      1-sec epochs. In eight out of 12 experiments, this measure revealed a
      statistically significant change in laterality. Controlled replications with two
      of the original subjects obviated the possibility that two potential sources of
      artifact (hand used for masturbation and gross body movements) accounted for the
      changes. While previous research has focused on vasomotor and myotonic indices of
      sexual response, this study demonstrates the significance of brain phenomena in
      sexual orgasm.

PMID- 952605
TI  - Polygyny: insufficient father-son contact and son's masculine identity.
AB  - In polygynous societies in which the family consists of husband, wives, and
      children only, if each cowife lives in a separate quarter with her children,
      males are more likely to be circumcised or segregated at puberty. These customs
      are interpreted as the measures to rectify boys'  mother-oriented personality
      development because of limited contact with their fathers due to their mother's
      separate quarters. Circumcision and segregation can be explained better in terms
      of the son's insufficient contact with the father rather than a very close
      relationship with the mother due to the long postpartum sexual taboo.

PMID- 952606
TI  - Autonomic responses of transsexual and homosexual males to erotic film sequences.
AB  - Penile volume and galvanic skin responses to nude female and male film sequences
      were studied in 10 transsexual patients, 44 patients requesting treatment for
      homosexual impulses, and 60 heterosexual students. Student controls and
      homosexuals showed significantly greater galvanic skin responses to the preferred
      than to the nonpreferred sex. Transsexuals tended to show larger galvanic skin
      responses to females than did male homosexuals. No strong relationships were
      found between penile volume and galvanic skin response to the preferred sex. It
      is concluded that transsexual patients differ significantly from homosexual
      patients in autonomic responsivity, which may have diagnostic usefulness.

PMID- 952607
TI  - Alternative behavioral approaches to the treatment of homosexuality.
AB  - Radical changes in attitudes toward homosexuality in American society are
      integrated into a new perspective for the therapist confronted by a client who
      engages in homosexual behavior. The traditional mandatory attempt to eradicate
      homosexual behavior has been expanded into three options, any one of which may be
      pursued by the therapist at the client's request: (1) modification of homosexual
      in favor of heterosexual behavior, (2) enhancement of homosexual behavior, and
      (3) ignoring of homosexual behavior if it is functionally unrelated to the
      presenting symptoms. Therapists' negative attitudes toward clients who engage in
      homosexual behavior are such as to abrogate expanded options and may results in
      therapeutic efforts at modification of homosexual behavior in defiance of the
      client's expressed wishes. Contrary to current professional belief, careful
      analysis and the use of appropriate techniques such as systematic
      desensitization, orgasmic reconditioning, and training in heterosocial skills
      generally obviate the necessity for aversive procedures in those instances where
      homosexual behavior is to be modified in favor of heterosexual behavior. Three
      case histories are presented illustrating the use of each of the expanded options
      described above.

PMID- 952608
TI  - Atttitudes of the aged toward nontraditional sexual behavior.
AB  - Age as a correlate of attitudes toward nontraditional sexual behavior is
      explored. The data were drawn from a United State national probability sample.
      Subgroup comparisons were made between two age cohorts--respondents over and
      under 65. Sexual attitudes were measured toward premarital sexual relations,
      extramartial sexual relations, and homosexuality. Older respondents held the most
      conservative sexual attitudes. However, the background variables of sex, social
      status, church attendance, marital status, and parenthood were predictors of
      sexual attitudes for both age strata. The findings indicate individual variations
      among the aged with the likelihood of a greater range of differences in the
      future.

PMID- 952609
TI  - A law concerning sex reassignment of transsexuals in Sweden.
AB  - In 1972, a law regulating surgical and legal measures reguired for sex
      reassignment came into force in Sweden. The law, its practical application, and
      the number of transsexual cases dealt with by the National Board of Health and
      Welfare during the first 2 years of enforcement are described.

PMID- 952610
TI  - Combined intervention for controlling unwanted homosexual behavior: an extended
      follow-up.
AB  - Of 49 patients who were able via previous therapy to control their sexual arousal
      in the presence of homosexual stimuli, 31 (63%) were contracted for follow-up.
      The average period since the end of treatment was 4 years. Nineteen subjects
      (61%) have remained exclusively heterosexual, whereas nine (29%) have had
      homosexual intercourse. Heterosexual intercourse was reported in 28 (90%),
      including the previous nine subjects. Three (10%) subjects have had neither
      homonor heterosexual intercourse.

PMID- 952611
TI  - Effect of modeling on sexual imagery.
AB  - Social learning theory was used to examine the effects of a model's sexual
      imagery on the observer's sexual imagery. In the guise of a creative writing
      experiment, male and female college students were asked to listen to a tape
      recording of a same- or opposite-sex model relating a story in response to a
      sample TAT card. The story described a man and a woman in a physical sex
      encounter (high sex), a romantic date (medium sex), or a casual study date (low
      sex). The sample TAT picture and model's story were omitted in the control
      groups. All subjects wrote stories in response to two other TAT cards. These
      stories were scored for sexual imagery by a male and a female judge who were
      blind to experimental conditions and who used a standard sexual imagery scoring
      manual. The following prediction were based on social learning theory: There
      would be greater sexual imagery in the stories of subjects who heard the high sex
      model than in the stories of those who heard the medium or low sex model or no
      model. Past research implied the prediction that the modeling effects would be
      greater for males than for females in the high sex model condition and greater
      for females than for males in the medium sex model condition. The results were
      analyzed using two factorial analyses of variance. There was greater sexual
      imagery by subjects who heard the high sex model than by those who heard the low
      sex model or model. The sexual imagery by subjects who heard the medium sex model
      was intermediate between that by those who heard the high sex model and that by
      those who heard the low sex model. The modeling effect was greater in males. The
      results also confirmed the prediction that sexual imagery would be greater for
      males in the high sex model condition but did not confirm the prediction that
      sexual imagery would be greater for females in the medium sex model condition.

PMID- 952612
TI  - Follow-up effects of a medical school course in human sexuality.
AB  - The effects of a course in human sexuality for a class of second-year male
      medical students are described. The course consists of two interacting
      components: a 2-day seminar and a 2-week didactic presentation. The purpose of
      the seminar is to develop humanistic understanding and tolerance of one's own and
      others' sexuality. The didactic presentation focuses on factual information. A
      variety of evaluation instruments were used, and students were tested precourse,
      postcourse, and at the end of 6 and 12 months. Results show a significant pre
      post increase in tolerance in attitude and amount of knowledge. There appears to
      be some moderation in level of attitude and knowledge gain at the 6-months point,
      and significant increases from the precourse level to the 12-months point
      persist. Participants almost uniformly report personal benefit, with a
      significant number described greater satisfaction in their own sexual behaviour.

PMID- 952613
TI  - Group treatment format: mixed sexual dysfunctions.
AB  - This study reports the rationale and results of a ten-session group composed os
      six couples with mixed sexual dysfunctions. Dysfunctions included premature
      ejaculation, primary and situational orgasmic dysfunction, situational impotence,
      and incompatible sex drives. A variety of pretreatment behavioral and attitudinal
      measures were administered, including a Life History Questionaire, Sexual
      Assessment Inventory, Marital Adjustment Scale, and Sexual Interaction, orgasmic
      attainment, ejaculatory control, and enhanced self-acceptance, particularly for
      females (SII changes). The consistency between outcome measures was also a
      noteworthy finding. The results suggest increased use of mixed short-term groups,
      particularly when cost-effectiveness accountability is important. One
      contraindication for such groups is, however, severe marital discord, as
      evidenced by Locke-Wallace mean scores of 80 or less.

PMID- 952614
TI  - Homosexuality: behaviours and attitudes.
AB  - To assess the incidence of homosexual experiences, heterosexual experiences,
      associated attitudes, and related demographic characteristics, a sexual behaviour
      and attitudes questionaire was administered to 4251 university students. The rate
      of homosexual experiences was found to be appreciably lower than that commonly
      reported in the literature and was not significantly related to race, religion,
      or region of residence. Individuals with homosexual experiences, compared to
      those without, tended to be more liberal in their views toward socially deviant
      sexual behavior in general, did not demonstrate fewer heterosexual contacts, and
      did not report significantly more guilt or anxiety about their sexual behavior.

PMID- 952615
TI  - The intelligence of rapists.
AB  - IQs of rapists were compared to IQs of nonrapist prisoners convicted of violent
      crimes and nonrapist prisoners convicted of nonviolent crimes. Subjects were 136
      male convicted felons in the Kentucky State Penitentiary. Determination of
      violent vs. nonviolent crimes other than rape was made upon consultation with a
      Kentucky Commonwealth Attorney. The results revealed significantly lower IQs for
      rapists compared to nonrapists convicted of violent crimes and compared to
      heterogeneous nonrapist convicts. The present research supports the findings of
      Karacan and co-workers, indicating a general tendency for rapists to have lower
      IQs than other convicted prisoners.

PMID- 952616
TI  - A comparison of aortic and pulmonary artery diameters in normal subjects and in
      patients with tetralogy of Fallot (some embryologic considerations).

PMID- 952617
TI  - [Surgical treatment of aortic arch anomalies].

PMID- 952618
TI  - [Bedside electrocardiogram of the bundle of his during an acute phase of
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 952619
TI  - [Experience on the surgical treatment of aortic valve lesions using the Lillehei
      Kaster prosthesis].

PMID- 952620
TI  - [Sternal retractor model in pacemaker implantation by subxyphoid approach].

PMID- 952621
TI  - [Aneurysm of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum].

PMID- 952622
TI  - [Exclusive conduction in the Kent b bundle found by the electrogram of the bundle
      of His].

PMID- 952623
TI  - [Iricidence of dissecting aneurysm in 2 siblings: Erdheim's disease].

PMID- 952624
TI  - [Physiopathology of the sino-atrial node dysfunction].

PMID- 952625
TI  - [Editorial: Epidemiology of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 952626
TI  - [Mortality from cardiovascular diseases on the province of Sao Paulo in a period
      of 30 years (1940-1969)].

PMID- 952627
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmic action of prilocaine].

PMID- 952628
TI  - A current appraisal of side effects of oral contraceptives.
AB  - Oral contraception, although offering almost 100 per cent protection against
      pregnancy, is associated with many side effects which have resulted in much
      unnecessary adverse publicity. Such side effects, the majority of which are of
      annoying nature only, are due to the synthetic hormones used, and have resulted
      in many changes in formulation and in the withdrawal of several preparations. The
      types of preparations available are discussed and the side effects appraised from
      both the patient's and the physician's viewpoint.

PMID- 952629
TI  - How long are oral antidiabetic drugs effective?

PMID- 952630
TI  - Diabetes in children.
AB  - Juvenile diabetics comprise approximately five per cent of the total diabetic
      population. The sex incidence in children is approximately equal and it can occur
      at any age. However, it would seem that the peak ages for its onset in childhood
      are between eight and twelve years.

PMID- 952631
TI  - The need for psychosexual counselling in family planning practice.
AB  - In this review article, the case in favour of the need for psychosexual
      counselling in family planning practice will be presented. Since psychosexual
      counselling is a multidisciplinary subject, family planning clinics and practices
      are ideally suited to the task. In presenting the case, liberal illustrative
      examples are provided in order to depict what the current and suggested extended
      facilities and techniques involve. The article is also intended to act as a
      comprehensive guide for students, nurses, medical practitioners and specialists
      alike, to bring them up to date in new concepts in history taking, physical
      examination and the sexually explicit aspects of family planning. Traditionally
      taught concepts may well be out of date in a modern society.

PMID- 952632
TI  - Is love a necessary ingredient for sexual fulfilment?

PMID- 952633
TI  - Diabetes mellitus. A report from the Australian General Practitioner Morbidity
      and Prescribing Survey 1969-1974.
AB  - The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, in association with
      Intercontinental Medical Statistics conducted a General Practice Morbidity and
      Prescribing Survey from 1.4.69 to 31.12.74. This gave a baseline study of
      morbidity as it occurs in Australia plus a breakdown by State, sex, age and
      season, to give a clearer idea of geographical, personal and epidemiological
      factors influencing health and sickness.

PMID- 952634
TI  - The nature and use of purified insulins.
AB  - The limited availability of highly purified insulin preparations for the
      treatment of diabetes mellitus in australia since 1975, has prompted a review of
      their history, clinical use and potential in the treatment of diabetics receiving
      insulin.

PMID- 952635
TI  - Masturbatory guilt and sexual dysfunction.
AB  - Anxiety arising from masturbatory guilt plays a major role in the production of
      frigidity and impotence. Reduction of this anxiety through greater community
      awareness of the normality of masturbation is therefore a fertile area for the
      principles of preventive medicine to be applied.

PMID- 952636
TI  - Women and the doctor-patient relationship.
AB  - What little is known about the doctor-patient relationship in Australia has been
      sought and written from the profession's point of view. This article will
      concentrate on the consumer; especially women, who have special problems and
      difficulties not shared with male patients.

PMID- 952637
TI  - The care of diabetes mellitus at a community health centre.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high prevalence of about 2.0 per
      cent in the australian community. Although hospital diabetic clinics play an
      important role in the management of diabetic patients, the majority are managed
      by their local doctor. In this article the possible role of a health centre in
      the care of diabetics is outlined.

PMID- 952638
TI  - A screening test for thyroid function.
AB  - The Achilles tendon reflex half relaxation time measurement (ART) has been used
      by many physicians both as a diagnostic test and for the assessment of progress
      in thyroid gland malfunction. Reference is made to some results obtained in
      Melbourne and in other countries using different methods of measurement of the
      ART for these purposes. In a series of 2064 patients referred to the Shepherd
      Foundation Centre, the Achilles tendon reflex half relaxation time was measured
      by means of the SMI Reflexometer and a comparison was made in each case with a
      laboratory estimation of the T3 resin uptake and T4 total thyroxine iodine and
      the Free Thyroxine Index (FTI). Reference is made to a survey conducted among
      referring doctors where opinions were sought as to the clinical usefulness of
      different tests including the Achilles tendon reflex time measurement.

PMID- 952639
TI  - Aquatic protein in Latin America.

PMID- 952640
TI  - Food and cash crop competition.

PMID- 952641
TI  - Energy and food: a comment.

PMID- 952642
TI  - Balancing the benefits and risks of the application of science to agriculture and
      food production.

PMID- 952643
TI  - Food processing problems and potential.

PMID- 952644
TI  - Food distribution--limitations on supplies and consumption.

PMID- 952645
TI  - Food attitudes to actualize community nutrition education.

PMID- 952646
TI  - Prospects for agricultural production in Latin America.

PMID- 952647
TI  - Prospects for improving the production of cereals.

PMID- 952648
TI  - Man, food, and environmental interrelationships.

PMID- 952649
TI  - Improving patterns of consumption.

PMID- 952650
TI  - The application of science and technology to long-range solutions: multiple
      cropping potentials.

PMID- 952651
TI  - Genetic improvement of cereal proteins.

PMID- 952652
TI  - Preliminary communication (anaerobic regulation of atmospheric oxygen).

PMID- 952653
TI  - Letter: Meningitis due to Bacteriodes fragilis in a newborn infant.

PMID- 952654
TI  - [Course and prognosis of lipoid nephrosis in childhood].

PMID- 952655
TI  - [Nephrotic syndrome in childhood].

PMID- 952656
TI  - [Segmental renal hypoplasia: small kidney and malignant arterial hypertension].

PMID- 952657
TI  - [Infantile cystinosis. Considerations on its diagnosis and course].

PMID- 952658
TI  - [Cause of chronic renal insufficiency in children].

PMID- 952659
TI  - [Treatment of hypertensive crisis with sodium nitroprusside infusion].

PMID- 952660
TI  - [Current concepts on acute renal failure].

PMID- 952661
TI  - [Evaluation of the pharyngeal flap in velopalatine insufficiency secondary to
      cleft palate].

PMID- 952662
TI  - [Familial urolithiasis due to primary hyperoxaluria type I].

PMID- 952663
TI  - [Pathology of the newborn infant].

PMID- 952664
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the human myocardium in inactive rheumatic fever].

PMID- 952665
TI  - [Treatment of lipoid nephrosis].

PMID- 952666
TI  - [Complications of pancreatitis].

PMID- 952667
TI  - [Reliability of the method to assess trypsin activity in feces by means of
      gelatin liquefaction].

PMID- 952668
TI  - [Programming of investments in good stocks].

PMID- 952669
TI  - [Separation of anthraquinone compounds of Cascara sagrada by means of high
      pressure liquid chromatography].

PMID- 952670
TI  - [Some new derivatives of 2-aminomethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidine and of the 3-amino-N
      ethylpiperidine with antiemetic and antiulcer activity].

PMID- 952671
TI  - [Findings on the ocular tonometry for indentation in the rabbit].

PMID- 952672
TI  - [Effect of Sobrerol on the absorption and pulmonary concentration of ampicillin
      in the rat].

PMID- 952673
TI  - [Use of mass spectrophotometric gas chromatography in the study of
      psychostimulating substances].

PMID- 952674
TI  - [The C3, C3 Att and C4 fractions of complement in acute viral hepatitis:
      preliminary data].

PMID- 952675
TI  - [The C3, C3 Att and C4 fractions of complement in chronic hepatitis: preliminary
      data].

PMID- 952676
TI  - [Sensory and autonomic nervous system of the choledochus of Equus caballus].

PMID- 952677
TI  - [Description of a case of polymorphous, diffuse angiopathy with a high titer of
      microagglutinating antibodies against Neorickettsia Q 18, in a patient with an
      aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 952678
TI  - [Detection of complement-fixing antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in 23
      patients with angiopathies].

PMID- 952679
TI  - [Etiological studies for Coxiella burnetti in 20 cases of obliterating
      arteriopathies].

PMID- 952680
TI  - [Role of serotonin in involuntary movements induced with amphetamine].

PMID- 952681
TI  - [Immunological phenomena in experimental chronic hypertensive disease].

PMID- 952682
TI  - [Immunological phenomena in the trophoblast].

PMID- 952683
TI  - Editorial: Major accidents.

PMID- 952684
TI  - Cold adaptation and the anaesthetic requirement for cyclopropane in rats.
AB  - The effect of cold adaptation at 4 degrees C on cyclopropane MAC was studied in
      10 Wistar rats over a 16-week period. Compared with a similar control group
      (normally adapted), there was a significant decrease in weight gain and a
      significant increase in anaesthetic requirement in the cold-adapted rats.

PMID- 952685
TI  - Suxamethonium-induced porcine malignant hyperthermia.
AB  - Metabolic, haemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to suxamethonium (SCh) were
      measured in five normal swine and five swine susceptible to malignant
      hyperthermia (MH), to compare the responses with those previously reported for
      halothane. Following SCh, the onset of MH was sooner and more abrupt than
      following halothane. The maximal changes in aerobic metabolism and body
      temperature sere similar, while the changes in lactate, potassium, hydrogen ion
      and catecholamine concentrations were smaller than those observed following
      halothane. These results are discussed in terms of the action of chemical
      depolarizing drugs such as suxamethonium and acetylcholine. The propagated muscle
      action potentials produce an increase in the free intracellular calcium
      concentration which may be self-regenerative, but which may become uncontrollable
      because of the peculiarities of MH that effect the calcium pump or storage areas.

PMID- 952686
TI  - Halothane 0.2-4% analysis by gas chromatography.
AB  - The katharometer detector is better suited to the analysis of gaseous halothane
      (0.2-4%) than is the flame ionization detector, since the peak heights are
      directly proportional to concentration, and are more reproducible.

PMID- 952687
TI  - Radip induction of ether anaesthesia and controlled maintenacne by a combination
      of intravenous and inhalation administration without the risk of explosion.
AB  - The induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with ether using a combined
      intravenous infusion and a constant low inspired concentration are discribed.
      Predictions from a mathematical model were checked against animal experiments.
      Anaesthesia occurred within 5 min. The mehtod obviates the need for explosive
      mixtures.

PMID- 952688
TI  - Sequential changes in the fade of tetanic tension after the administration of
      tubocurarine in anaesthetized man.
AB  - Tetanic and single twitch contractions of the adductor pollicis muscle in
      anaesthetized man were measured continuously following the i.v. injection of
      tubocurarine 0.2 mg/kg. Tetanic contractions were depressed earlier by
      tubocurarine and to a greater extent compared with the single twitch. Recovery
      was also slower for the tetanic contractions. The fade of tetanic tension was
      also measured throughout the blockade produced by tubocurarine. Fade was
      expressed in terms of the tetanic tension ratio: the ratio of the magnitude of
      the muscle tension at the end of 1 s of tetanic contraction compared with its
      peak height at the beginning of that contraction. Tetanic tension was well
      maintained during the onset of the neuromuscular block but was less well
      maintained during the recovery phase. It is suggested that the assessment of
      tetanic tension fade shoudl be carried out throughout the various stages of
      curarization.

PMID- 952689
TI  - Effects of Althesin on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man.
AB  - Cerebral circulation and metabolism during Althesin anaesthesia were studied in
      seven healthy patients. Althesin was given in a single dose of 0.1 ml/kg and
      thereafter infused at a constant rate of 0.3 ml/kg/h. During Althesin infusion,
      the cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRo2)
      were 29 +/- 10 ml/100 g/min and 1.7 +/- 0.4 ml/133 g/min, respectively. These
      values were significantly different from those obtained in awake subjects in our
      laboratory (CBF: 46 +/- 7 ml/100 g/min; CMRo2: 3.1 +/- 0.6 ml/100 g/min). During
      CBF measurement, the mean cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral vascular
      resistance (CVR) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) were 89 +/- 16 mm
      Hg, 3.4 +/- 1.3 mm Hg/ml/100 g/min, and 36 +/- 9 mm Hg, respectively. The
      relationship between CBF and PaCO2 were studied and it was found that during
      Althesin anaesthesia reactivity of cerebral vessels to the alteration of PaCO2
      was maintained. It is concluded that Althesin caused cerebral metabolic
      depression which was accompaned by a decrease in CBF and an increase in CVR.

PMID- 952690
TI  - Suxamethonium-induced hyperkalaemia in patients with severe intra-abdominal
      infections.
AB  - In nine patients, undergoing repeat operations because of severe intra-abdominal
      infection developing after major abdominal surgery, serum potassium
      concentrations were monitored during induction of anaesthesia. Four patients
      showed an increase of serum potassium ranging from 2.5 to 3.1 mmol/litre above
      baseline values within 3-6 min after suxamethonium 100 mg i.v. In five patients
      there was no change. The four patients demonstrating an increase had suffered
      from pyrexia and leucocytosis for at least 2 weeks. The other five had signs of
      infection for no more than 9 days. It is concluded that patients with signs of
      severe intra-abdominal infection lasting longer than 1 week represent an
      additional category susceptible to suxamethonium-induced hyperkalaemia. They
      should receive only non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. When the use of
      suxamethonium is unavoidable, the injection of a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant
      before the administration of suxamethonium is recommended.

PMID- 952691
TI  - Pethidine compared with pethidine-naloxone administered during labour. A study of
      analgesic treatment by a sequential method.
AB  - In a restricted sequential trial in healthy parturient women, the pain relief
      from pethidine 100 mg and pethidine 100 mg combined with naloxone 0.4 mg was
      compared. Pethidine alone gave better relief. The incidence of minor side-effects
      was high with both treatments but dizziness was reduced slightly by naloxone. It
      was concluded that naloxone antagonized the analgesia without abolishing the side
      effects of pethidine.

PMID- 952692
TI  - Ergometrine, oxytocin and extradural analgesia.
AB  - Blood loss and the incidence of emetic sequelae were assessed in 148 patients
      undergoing midcavity forceps delivery under continuous lumbar extradural
      analgesia. Five units of oxytocin i.v. was found to be as effective as
      ergometrine 0.5 mg i.v. in reducing blood loss at delivery. Nausea, retching or
      vomiting occurred in 35 (46%) of the mothers who received ergometrine and in none
      of those who received i.v. oxytocin. The cardiovascular side-effects of
      ergometrine and oxytocin are reviewed and compared with special reference to
      patients with hypertension and heart disease. It is suggested that 5 units of
      oxytocin i.v. should be preferred in these high-risk patients. Because of the
      absence of an emetic action, i.v. oxytocin is preferable to i.v. ergometrine for
      patients receiving extradural analgesia.

PMID- 952693
TI  - Effects of extradural block: comparison of the properties, circulatory effects
      and pharmacokinetics of etidocaine and bupivacaine.
AB  - Five healthy, unmedicated male volunteers, aged 19-25 yr, participated in a
      double-blind, crossover study. Each subject received, on separate occasions and
      via a catheter placed at L2, 1.5% etiodocaine HCl20 ml with adrenaline 5 mug/ml,
      or 0.75% bupivacaine HCl 20 ml with adrenaline 5 mug/ml for extradural analgesia.
      In addition, in order to calculate the absorption rate of the local anaesthetic
      agent, each subject received on two further occasions etidocaine HCl 75 mg and
      bupivacaine HCl 75 mg respectively by i.v. infusion, over a period of 10 min.
      Spread of sensory analgesia to four segments above and below the site of
      injection was faster with etidocaine (13 +/- 3 min) (mean +/- SD) than with
      bupivacaine (22 +/- 8 min). Two-segment regression occurred later for bupivacaine
      (260 +/- 57 min) than for etidocaine (180 +/- 96 min). Caudal spread of analgesia
      was more extensive with etidocaine than with bupivacaine. The onset of motor
      blockade tended to be faster with etidocaine (5.8 +/- 3.0 min), than with
      bupivacaine (10.0 +/- 3.5 min); regression of motor blockade by one unit was
      longer with etidocaine (306 +/- 103 min) than bupivacaine (238 +/- 75 min).
      Sudomotor block occurred earlier with etidocaine (4.0 +/- 2.1 min) than
      bupivacaine (13.7 +/- 4.8 min). Significant changes in cardiac stroke work and
      stroke volume occurred. For etidocaine these measurements remained below control
      values for 120-210 min after injection. The mean maximum arterial plasma
      concentration of etidocaine was 1.52 +/- 0.64 mug/ml, at 14 +/- 2 min and of
      bupivacaine was 1.35 +/- 0.63 mug/ml, achieved at 20 +/- 4 min. The systemic
      absorption of both drugs occurred in a biphasic pattern with a fast and slow half
      life of 0.3 and approximately 8 h respectively.

PMID- 952694
TI  - Influence of anaesthetic technique on postoperative pain. A comparison of
      anaesthetic supplementation with halothane and with phenoperidine.
AB  - Fifty male patients undergoing elective surgery for duodenal ulcer received
      either phenoperidine or halothane 0.5% for the supplementation of anaesthesia.
      The patients in the phenoperidine group required the first postoperative dose of
      analgesic later and had lower pain scores in the first 2 h after operation. In
      the course of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days, the two groups of patients showed a
      similar pattern after operation with regard to pain scores, vital capacity
      impairment and oxygen tension measurements.

PMID- 952695
TI  - Personality assessment and postoperative analgesia. A study in male patients
      undergoing elective gastric surgery.
AB  - In 40 patients undergoing surgery for duodenal ulcer, personality was assessed by
      a PEN Inventory. After operation, the respiratory restoration factor (RRF) was
      used to indicate the pain relief from nitrous oxide (25%) and i.v. methadone
      (three doses of 2 mg). There was no correlation between the psychological factors
      and RRF. Twenty-five per cent nitrous oxide appeared to be equivalent to i.v.
      methadone 4 mg in terms of RRF. The degree of hypoxia after surgery correlated
      with vital capacity impairment and the improvement of oxygen tension after
      analgesia correlated with RRF after methadone 6 mg.

PMID- 952696
TI  - A useful tube for anaesthesia during laryngeal microsurgery.
AB  - An endotracheal tube for use during anaesthesia for microsurgery of the larynx
      was made from a plastic endotracheal tube and an angiography connecting tube. It
      cannot be occluded, requires a minimum of space, and allows jet ventilation of
      the anaesthetized and paralysed patient. The value of a nitrous oxide-oxygen
      mixing valve in association with the tube is described.

PMID- 952697
TI  - Letter: Horner's syndrome following obstetric extradural block.

PMID- 952698
TI  - Letter: Catheter-inflation ventilation for bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy.

PMID- 952699
TI  - Fetal chromosome abnormalities detected in mid pregnancy.

PMID- 952701
TI  - Longterm diabetes mellitus-a clinical study of 86 female patients for 10 years.

PMID- 952700
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy: a five year review.

PMID- 952702
TI  - A survey on varieties of non-malignant conditions treated in a regional centre
      for radiotherapy and oncology.

PMID- 952703
TI  - Diagnosis of Coxsackie enterovirus infections by serum complement fixation tests.

PMID- 952704
TI  - Foreign bodies in the bladder.

PMID- 952705
TI  - Brucellosis masquerading as acute appendicitis-surgical aspects of brucellosis.

PMID- 952706
TI  - Post-gastrectomy megaloblastic anaemia superceded by polycythaemia rubra vera.

PMID- 952707
TI  - Autoimmunity and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 952708
TI  - Oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin therapy.

PMID- 952709
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy and its treatment.

PMID- 952710
TI  - Renal disease in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 952711
TI  - Diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 952712
TI  - Mechanisms of leucocyte migration inhibition by breast tumour cell fractions.
AB  - Leucocyte migration inhibition by autologous breast tumour cell fractions was
      mediated by a soluble factor synthesized and released by mononuclear leucocytes
      and active against migrating granulocytes. This mechanism is similar to that
      previously described in respect to cell-mediated sensitivity to microbial
      antigens. Alternative mechanisms involving directly reactive granulocytes or
      cytophilic antibodies were rarely operative in the migration tests.

PMID- 952713
TI  - Monocytosis associated with the growth of transplanted syngeneic rat sarcomata
      differing in immunogenicity.
AB  - The effect of the growth of two syngeneic transplanted sarcomata of widely
      differing biological properties on the number of monocytes in the blood of rats
      was measured (1) by binding of a specific antimacrophage serum to leucocytes, and
      (2) by sedimenting in a density gradient rosettes between mononuclear cells and
      antibody-coated sheep red cells under conditions in which B-cells are not brought
      down. For the 4 syngeneic sarcomata studied there was a progressive increase in
      the number of monocytes with tumour growth and the values returned to normal a
      few days after their surgical removal. The extent of monocytosis was related to
      the immunogenicity of the tumour and was most pronounced for the HSBPA sarcoma,
      which is highly immunogenic, has a low rate of spontaneous metastasis and
      contains many macrophages, and least for the MC-3 sarcoma which is essentially
      non-immunogenic, invariably gives rise to distant metastases and contains only
      about 8% macrophages. The growth of sarcomata had previously been found to reduce
      the number of monocytes which enter inflammatory lesions, both non-specific and
      due to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. This "anti-inflammatory" action of
      sarcomata which is related to their immunogenicity cannot be ascribed to the
      preferential uptake of monocytes by the tumours and it is concluded that the
      monocytes in the blood of tumour-bearers, though increased in number, are
      modified so that they do not enter sites of inflammation.

PMID- 952714
TI  - Stem cell characterization of neutropenia: velocity sedimentation and mass
      culture analysis.
AB  - Human bone marrow obtained from patients with neutropenia contains a cell
      population which is absent or diminished in normal marrow. The abnormal
      population is composed of cells of volume 200-300 mum3 which sediment at 5-5 to 8
      5 mm/h. Normal marrow contains one cell class giving rise to increased numbers of
      grnaulocyte colonies after mass culture, while marrow obtained from neutropenic
      patients, or from patients with marrow regeneration, shows two such populations;
      one of these cell classes corresponds to the abnormally large cells demonstrated
      on velocity sedimentation analysis. This population of large cells may represent
      a group of either self-renewing cells related to the committed granulocyte
      progenitors or the pluripotent stem cell.

PMID- 952715
TI  - Rubidazone vs adriamycin: an evaluation of their differential toxicity in the
      spleen colony assay system.
AB  - Rubidazone, the new semi-synthetic benzol hydrazone hydrochloride derivative of
      dauorubicin, has proved on a molecular weight basis to be less toxic than
      adriamycin and similar to daunorubicin in cardiac toxicity studies in the hamster
      as well as in other in vivo and in vitro test systems. It has proven
      effectiveness against several animal tumours and human acute leukaemias. We have
      compared the inhibitory effect of rubidazone to that of adriamycin on P388
      leukaemia and normal bone marrow colony-forming units (CFU) using the spleen
      colony assay system in male DBA2 mice. The efficacy ratios (i.e., the ratio of
      the slopes of the normal bone marrow CFU to leukaemic CFU dose-survival curves)
      in the spleen colony assay system for rubidazone and adriamycin were 7-8 and 7-5
      respectively. This near identity of efficacy ratios fro rubidazone and adriamycin
      correlated with the results of median survival time studies in the leukaemic
      mice. Their dose-median survival time curves were almost parallel, having nearly
      identical slopes. Rubidazone's equal therapeutic index as compared to adriamycin
      in the spleen colony assay system together with its known decreased toxicity to
      cardiac muscle cells makes it an extremely promising new anthracycline derivative
      to study in comparison to adriamycin in human malignancies.

PMID- 952716
TI  - Methods of classifying and ascertaining children's tumours.
AB  - Several methods of ascertaining and classifying childhood neoplasms for
      epidemiological study have been evaluated using material from the University of
      Manchester Children's Tumour Registry (CTR), which includes data from several
      sources on children with neoplasms first seen in the period 1954-73 who were
      under 15 years old and living in the Manchester Regional Hospital Board area at
      the time. Two systems of classification-the International Classification of
      Diseases (ICD) and the Morphology Section of the Manual of Tumor Nomenclature and
      Coding (MOTNAC; Percy, Berg and Thomas, 1968)-were tested. No major problems
      arose with the Morphology Section of MOTNAC, and we recommend that the revised
      version of this section, in the proposed "International Classification of
      Diseases for Oncology", should be used in epidemiological reports on children's
      tumours whenever possible. The ICD discriminates less well between the commoner
      types of childhood neoplasms, but must be retained as a supplementary
      classification to facilitate international comparisons. A comparison of the
      completeness of ascertainment achieved in recent years by each source of data
      showed that more than 98% of the serious cases (neoplasms that were malignant
      and/or lay within the craniovertebral canal) could have been identified using a
      combination of Hospital Activity Analysis (HAA) and cancer registration records,
      and more than 95% using HAA and death records. But in an analysis of 2 years' HAA
      returns and 6 years' cancer registrations of serious cases, nearly one quarter of
      the former and one fifth of the latter were shown to record diagnoses which
      differed from those finally assigned at the CTR. It is concluded that, in
      epedimiological studies based on routine records, the diagnoses given should
      always be checked centrally, by experts, in the light of all the available
      clinical and pathological material (including histological preparations).

PMID- 952717
TI  - Geographic correlation between mortality from primary hepatic carcinoma and
      prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in Greece.
AB  - Average annual age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 from primary hepatic
      carcinoma (PHC) among males for 1971-1973 in the urban and rural areas of the 9
      geographical regions of Greece were estimated. Hepatitis-B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) prevalence by region and area was evaluated in a sample of 22,844 Greek
      Air Force recruits from all parts of the country. Mortality from PHC was found
      significantly higher in urban areas (28-30 vs. 18-81) whereas prevalence of HBsAg
      was higher in rural areas (5-3% vs. 3-90%). Nevertheless further statistical
      analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between HBsAg prevalence and
      mortality from PHC, which is higher in rural (r = + 0-88) than in urban (+ 0-57)
      areas. The latter findings indicate that hepatitis B infection and PHC may be
      causally related.

PMID- 952718
TI  - Tumor induction study with allylhydrazine HCl in swiss mice.

PMID- 952719
TI  - Tumour-directed leucocyte migration inhibition in operable breast cancer:
      additional clinical correlations.

PMID- 952720
TI  - Selection of skin tests in childhood asthma.
AB  - Skin tests have been applied to 161 asthmatic children seen consecutively at a
      paediatric respiratory clinic. To demonstrate whether a child's asthma is
      associated with a positive skin test it is suggested that only four extracts need
      be applied: house dust, house dust mite (D. farinae), grass pollens and a
      control.

PMID- 952721
TI  - Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule.
AB  - Bronchogenic carcinoma was suspected in an elderly male smoker who had lost
      weight and presented with a large solitary pulmonary nodule on the radiograph. On
      thoracotomy a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was found. The diographic findings
      in this case and the characteristics of thoracoabdominal aneurysms in general are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 952722
TI  - Small intestinal perforation due to secondaries from Bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 952723
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma of the lung.
AB  - Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma diagnosed by lung biopsy is described; the case
      demonstrates the remission and relapse that may occur.

PMID- 952724
TI  - Sarcoidosis and thyrotoxicosis: A study of five patients.
AB  - Five patients with sarcoidosis and thyrotoxicosis have been studied. Autoimmunity
      resulting from loss of thymus-derived lymphocyte control is suggested as a cause
      common to both.

PMID- 952725
TI  - Sleeping ventilatory patterns in patients with severe chronic airflow obstruction
      causing respiratory failure.
AB  - During sleep some patients with airways obstruction and hypoxaemia developed
      tachypnoea. This could not be explained by the severity of their abnormality of
      lung function, their CO2 responsiveness, the nature of their lung disease or
      their personality. This nocturnal tachypnoea correlated best with a raised
      resting arterial blood PCO2, and was not seen hypoxaemic patients with a normal
      PCO2 who showed the usual fall in respiratory rate when asleep. We suggest that
      in patients with both hypoxaemia and hypercapnia sleep removes a cortical
      inhibitory mechanism which slows breathing durigng waking hours, and is linked to
      the arterial blood PCO2.

PMID- 952726
TI  - The prevalence of asthma and wheezing in children.
AB  - The prevalence of asthma and wheezing in children in Birmingham in 1974-5 was
      compared with the previous studies in 1968-9 and 1956-7. The frequency of asthma
      increased over the 20-year period, although the rate of increase had slowed.
      Asthma was commoner in boys than in girls. Children of the same racial group were
      more prone to asthma, and probably to other atopic diseases, if born in England
      than if born in poor tropical countries. Environmental factors in early life
      profoundly influence the prevalence of asthma in childhood.

PMID- 952727
TI  - Drug-induced proteolysis: a correlation with oedema-reducing ability.
AB  - A very strong correlation has been shown to exist between acid and neutral
      protease activity levels in the skin, the acid protease activity level of the
      oedema fluid, and the oedema-reducing ability of the benzo-pyrones and related
      drugs. Macrophages, which are believed to be the main cells affected by the
      drugs, are very common in thermally injured tissues. Their lysosomal enzymes work
      at an acid pH. Since the main acid protease is cathepsin D, the overall acid
      protease levels are representative of changes in cathepsin D levels. Elevated
      levels are concomitant with more complete and rapid digestion of accumulated
      protein. The resulting fragments then can rapidly leave the injured tissues,
      freeing the oedema fluid. This form of proteolysis is very much different from
      that which is used by pharmacologists as a measure of inflammation. Normal
      proteolysis in inflammation represents an estimate of tissue derangement, but the
      proteolysis induced by drugs such as the benzo-pyrones represents a means of
      lessening some of the more injurious effects of this derangement. The results
      presented here strongly confirm this.

PMID- 952728
TI  - Age and sex differences in the response of lymph node post-capillary venules in
      mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - Groups of male and female mice of varying ages were infected with a low-virulence
      strain of Toxoplasma gondii and killed 3 weeks and 6 weeks after infection. The
      lymph nodes of the female group showed a greater prominence of the endothelial
      cells of the post-capillary venules. This difference was most marked at the age
      of 15 weeks and least at 30 or more weeks. The same sex difference was
      demonstrated in control mice although to a lesser extent. The possible role is
      discussed of the effect of female sex hormones on vascular endothelium in
      modifying the development of an immune response and in explaining the observed
      female preponderance in human cases of auto-immune disease.

PMID- 952729
TI  - Biochemical effects of asbestiform minerals on lung fibroblast cultures.
AB  - The ability of different types of asbestiform minerals to enhance or suppress the
      levels of fibrous collagen in cultures of lung fibroblasts was tested. All
      commercially important asbestos dusts produced both effects, a lower dose
      favouring a fibrogenic response whereas a higher dose favoured an opposite
      effect.

PMID- 952730
TI  - DNA content of cultured mammalian cells exposed to smoke and smoke fractions from
      cigarettes containing tobacco or NSM, a tobacco substitute.
AB  - The effects of smoke and smoke fractions from tobacco and a substitute smoking
      material (NSM) on the DNA content of mammaliam cells in culture were measured.
      Tobacco smoke caused significant (P less than 0.001) changes in the DNA content
      of all the mammalian cells exposed compared with controls. NSM smoke did not have
      a significant effect on the DNA content of the exposed cells (P less than 0.95).
      Smoke from blends of NSM and tobacco caused changes in DNA content in proportion
      to the amount of tobacco in the mixtures. Condensate from cigarettes containing
      tobacco or blends of tobacco and NSM caused significant (P less than 0.001)
      changes in DNA content of mammalian cell populations in culture, whereas equal
      weights of condensate from NSM alone or NSM containing nicotine did not cause
      significant changes (P less than 0.05). NSM produces 28% of the weight of
      condensate per cigarette in comparison with tabacco and would, therefore, be
      expected to be far less biologically active than tobacco. Filtered smoke from
      cigarettes containing tobacco caused significant (P less than 0.001) changes in
      the DNA content of mammalian cells in culture. These changes were quantitatively
      similar to those caused by whole smoke suggesting that the gas phase of cigarette
      smoke is biologically more reactive than the particulate phase. The filtered
      smoke from the substitute smoking material NSM did not cause significant (P less
      than 0.95) changes in DNA content of cultured mammalian cells. Filtered smoke
      from blends of NSM and tobacco caused changes in DNA content in proportion to the
      amount of tobacco in the mixture.

PMID- 952731
TI  - Pathogenesis and pathology of respiratory tularaemia in the rabbit.
AB  - The development of pathological lesions in the organs of rabbits was examined at
      intervals from 1 h to 4 days after aerosol infection with Francisella tularensis.
      The earliest change, accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in
      ulmonary alveolar ducts, occurred at 19 h. From the 2nd day multiple foci of
      necrosis and PMN infiltration were present in large airways and alveoli
      throughout the lungs and progressively increased in size. Pulmonary arteritis was
      a prominent feature of the infection. Areas of necrosis were present in the nasal
      mucosa, pharynz and trachea, and pyogranolomatous lesions consistently developed
      in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.

PMID- 952732
TI  - Beta-carotene in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 952733
TI  - Systemic use of a new retinoid with and without local dithranol treatment in
      generalized psoriasis.

PMID- 952734
TI  - Letter: Is actinic (solar) damage the provoking cause of 'post-inflammatory
      elastolysis and cutis laxa (PECL)'?

PMID- 952735
TI  - Letter: Causation of psoriatic epithelial hyperproliferation.

PMID- 952736
TI  - Excision repair of DNA in some photodermatoses.
AB  - Excision repair of DNA was measured in a number of photosensitive subjects by
      estimating unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured fibroblasts after ultraviolet
      radiation. The amount of unscheduled DNA synthesis and the action spectrum for
      this process were estimated in each subject and compared with seven normal
      subjects. Two subjects with polymorphic light eruption and three with actinic
      reticuloid exhibited normal levels of DNA repair and normal action spectra. In
      one subject with classical xeroderma pigmentosum no excision repair could be
      demonstrated whilst in another the amount of repair was lower than normal. The
      finding of normal DNA excision repair in polymorphic light eruption does not
      support an earlier claim that this repair process is abnormal in this common
      photodermatosis.

PMID- 952737
TI  - A follow-up study of patients with recurrent urticaria and hypersensitivity to
      aspirin, benzoates and azo dyes.
AB  - We have studied seventy-five patients with recurrent urticaria and angio-oedema
      of more than 4 months duration and with positive provocation tests to aspirin,
      azo dyes, and/or benzoates. Cross-reactions between the test compounds were
      common. The patients were recommended to be on a diet free from salicylates,
      benzoates, and azo dyes. They were then followed for 6-24 months. At the follow
      up, 24% were free from symptoms, 57% considered themselves much better and 19%
      stated that they were slightly better or unchanged. All patients had followed the
      diet for at least 1-3 months. Most of those who became totally free of symptoms
      did not continue with the diet, while most of the patients who considered
      themselves much better found that it was necessary to continue on the recommended
      diet. They usually developed symptoms as soon as they ingested something
      containing azo dyes or benzoates. To be able to maintain such a diet, it is
      important that the content of additives in food and drugs be properly declared.

PMID- 952738
TI  - Necropsy and ultrastructural findings in histiocytic medullary reticulosis.
AB  - In a case of histiocytic medullary reticulosis with protracted course and
      necrotic skin lesions, histological study revealed infiltration of the fat tissue
      by atypical reticulohistiocytic cells, areas of associated fat necrosis and
      vascular lesions. Autophagocytosis (phagocytosis of erythrocytes, erythroblasts,
      platelets, lymphoid cells, and nuclear debris) was found in biopsy specimens of
      the subcutaneous infiltrates, lymph nodes, and bone marrow, and in necropsy
      specimens of skin, iliac mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, spleen, and
      suprarenal glands. Electron microscopy of various viscera showed abnormal
      histiocytic cells containing multiple phagocytosed erythrocytes and other blood
      cells in different stages of destruction and digestion. Multi-membranous bodies
      also were present. Defective lysosomal degradation of intracytoplasmatic ceroids
      in this condition is postulated.

PMID- 952739
TI  - Hypersensitivity of scleroderma cutaneous vascular smooth muscle to 5
      hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - Vascular smooth muscle strips from subcutaneous wrist vessels of patients with
      scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) were studied in an isolated system. No
      difference between catecholamine response of scleroderma or control vessel strips
      was observed. Three of four patients demonstrated significant hypersensitivity to
      5-hydroxytryptamine as compared to control values. Serotonin hypersensitivity may
      play a role in the evolution of Raynaud's phenomenon and vascular scleroderma.

PMID- 952740
TI  - The prognosis of systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Eighty-four patients with systemic sclerosis have been investigated and observed
      at intervals for up to 15 years. The prognosis is worse in males than in females
      although in any individual case the clinical course is unpredictable. Those
      patients with the combination of calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly
      and telangiectasia have the same degree of systemic involvement and the same
      prognosis as other patients with systemic sclerosis, and the term 'CRST syndrome'
      should be abandoned.

PMID- 952741
TI  - An auto-antibody profile in alopecia totalis and diffuse alopecia.
AB  - Thirty-one patients suffering from alopecia totalis and fourteen patients with
      idiopathic diffuse alopecia were examined for evidence of an endocrinopathy and
      their sera screened for organ-specific auto-antibodies. The results were compared
      with matched control groups of dermatological patients and a random group of
      dermatological patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the
      groups and the results were similar to those found in the general population.

PMID- 952742
TI  - Immunological demonstration of multiple esterases in human eccrine sweat.
AB  - Eccrine sweat collected from the human skin surface contains at least five
      different esterases. One of them  is a cholinesterase. A non-specific
      carboxylesterase with the electrophoretic mobility of an alpha-globulin appears
      to be a serum protein. Besides this, there are two isoenzymes of human origin
      migrating with the same electrophoretic mobility as gamma-globulins. These two
      isoenzymes are immunologically identical with a non-specific carboxylesterase
      occurring in numerous organs and body fluids. Lipase activity could not be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 952743
TI  - Septrin in the treatment of dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans.
AB  - The results of treatment of 30 Nigerian patients suffering from dermatitis cruris
      pustulosa et atrophicans by a 7-week course of Septrin are described. Septrin was
      effective in twenty-three of twenty-four patients who completed the study. The
      best therapeutic effects were observed in the early, pustular phase of the
      disease.

PMID- 952744
TI  - The treatment of psoriatic nail dystrophy with intradermal steroid injections.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with psoriatic nail dystrophy were treated with intradermal
      nail-fold injections of either triamcinolone acetonide or triamcinolone
      hexacetonide, using the Port-O-Jet needleless injector. Mild nail-matrix changes
      showed a very good response to treatment, whilst nail-bed and/or hyponychial
      changes causing onycholysis and the more severe types of dystrophy usually showed
      little improvement. Although in occasional cases this may be a useful form of
      treatment, we would not recommend its general use in patients with psoriatic nail
      dystrophy.

PMID- 952745
TI  - High dose dapsone toxicity.
AB  - A description of the clinical and biochemical course is given for a patient who
      developed haemolysis and methaemoglobinaemia following dapsone therapy in high
      dosage for 2 weeks.

PMID- 952746
TI  - Prurigo nodularis and gluten enteropathy.
AB  - Two cases of prurigo nodularis are described. Each is considered to have a gluten
      sensitive enteropathy. This association may be one facet of prurigo nodularis.

PMID- 952747
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism in lichen planus.
AB  - A study of forty patients with active lichen planus and a negative family history
      for diabetes showed that 42% had unequivocally abnormal oral glucose tolerance.
      The pattern of insulin response to glucose is similar to that seen in typical
      mild maturity-onset diabetes. There was no association between the presence of
      glucose intolerance and the duration or type of lesions. None of the patients
      with glucose intolerance had demonstrable islet-cell antibodies.

PMID- 952748
TI  - A study of the permeability barrier in epidermis and oral epithelium using
      horseradish peroxidase as a tracer in vitro.
AB  - Small biopsies of skin, and of keratinized and non-keratinized oral mucosa were
      incubated with horseradish peroxidase, fixed and reacted to demonstrate
      peroxidase activity at the light and electron microscope level. In all tissues
      peroxidase extended through the intercellular spaces of the epithelium up to, but
      not into, the stratum corneum of keratinized, or the superficial layer of non
      keratinized, tissue. This distribution corresponds to that seen in studies using
      the tracer in vivo where the presence of an intercellular permeability barrier
      has been demonstrated in the upper cell layers. It is suggested that the method
      is a useful way of investigating the permeability of normal and pathological
      human epithelial tissues.

PMID- 952749
TI  - Sociological implications of an epidemiological study of eczema in the City of
      Birmingham.
AB  - An epidemiological study has been made of 4696 cases of eczematous dermatitis
      referred to hospital outpatient clinics in the City of Birmingham over a 3-year
      period. Some sociological implications of the investigation are discussed. The
      need for further sociological accounts of skin disease is stressed.

PMID- 952750
TI  - Complement component profiles in urticaria, dermatitis herpetiformis, and
      alopecia areata.
AB  - Insignificant variation was noted in the mean levels of the complement components
      CIQ, C4, C2, C3, C5 and C3PA between various groups of sera from patients with
      urticaria, angio-oedema, dermatitis herpetiformis, alopecia areata, or hay fever.
      No deficiencies were found. Elevated C9 levels in chronic urticaria and angio
      oedema reflected its nature as an acute phase protein. The assessment of C
      components in single or sequential serum samples revealed only marginal
      variations. Similar results were recorded for plasminogen the immunoglobulins, G,
      A and M. Some evidence is provided for the primary involvement of the kallikrein
      kinin system in urticaria.

PMID- 952751
TI  - Erythropoietic protoporphyria. Hepatic implications.
AB  - The terminal stages of erythropoietic protoporphyria are recorded. The
      observations are related to the site of the fundamental lesion and the nature of
      the biochemical defect. The possibly ominous prognosis in this usually mild
      condition is emphasized. Apart from congenital porphyria, the porphyrias do not
      usually confer severe cutaneous lesions. These diseases present to dermatologists
      because of moderate photosensitivity and are not usually regarded as a risk to
      life. Dangerous central nervous system involvement may occur, however, in acute
      intermittent, variegate and hereditary coproporphyrias, while in acquired
      symptomatic porphyria severe underlying liver dysfunction may occur. Probably the
      most common familial photosensitizing porphyria is erythropoietic protoporphyria.
      Recently some deaths from severe liver involvement have been reported in this
      disease.

PMID- 952752
TI  - HL-A antigens in patients with guttate psoriasis.
AB  - Tissue typing was performed on lymphocytes of sixty-two patients with guttate
      psoriasis, in forty-four of whom this was the first manifestations of the
      disease. In 84% of cases, the guttate psoriasis was preceded by a clinical
      infection. A highly significant excess of antigen W17 (HLA-BW17) was found in
      patients when compared with healthy population. In common with some other studies
      antigens HL-A13 (HLA-B13), W15 (HLA-BW15) and W21 (HLA-BW21) were found in excess
      but these became non-significant after correction for the number of antigens
      studied. 68% of patients who had guttate psoriasis de novo, subsequently
      developed persistent plaque psoriasis.

PMID- 952753
TI  - HL-A antigens in lichen planus.
AB  - A study of fifty-seven patients with lichen planus showed a significant increase
      in the frequency of HL-A3 (54% compared with 29.7% in a control population). It
      is likely that there is a gene in the HL-A chromosomal region increasing the
      susceptibility to lichen planus. No correlation was found between HL-A3 and age
      of onset, sex, and presence or absence of mucosal lesions.

PMID- 952754
TI  - HL-A antigens and vitiligo.
AB  - HL-A antigens were found with similar frequency in ninety vitiligo patients and
      in 341 healthy controls. However there was a significant correlation between HL
      A13 and vitiligo with antithyroid antibodies. This supports the concept that
      vitiligo is a syndrome rather than a disease.

PMID- 952755
TI  - Erythema multiforme in children. Response to treatment with systemic
      corticosteroids.
AB  - It is generally accepted that the correct treatment for patients with severe
      erythema multiforme is systemic corticosteroids. This paper is a review of thirty
      two paediatric patients with severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson
      syndrome) who were treated with either large doses of systemic corticosteroids or
      supportive care only. Those patients treated with steroids did not recover sooner
      than those treated in other fashions and the steroid treated group had a
      significant incidence of medical complications. This retrospective study proves
      nothing but it does suggest that treatment of patients with the Stevens-Johnson
      syndrome with systemic corticosteroids may be associated with significant side
      effects and prolonged recovery.

PMID- 952756
TI  - Studies on the effect of salicylic acid on normal skin.
AB  - This investigation was prompted by our ignorance of the way in which salicyclic
      acid aids desquamation. Salicyclic acid in aqueous cream or white soft paraffin
      and in concentrations of 2-12% was applied to normal skin of twenty-three
      subjects while the vehicle alone was applied to the contralateral sites. Biopsies
      and skin surface biopsies were taken from the test and control sites after 1
      week. Histological examination showed that there was less horny layer on the test
      specimens but that there were no qualitative or quantitative differences in the
      structure of the viable epidermis. Portions of the biopsies were incubated in the
      presence of tritiated precursor compounds and subsequent autoradiographic
      examination showed no difference in the incorporation of thymidine, cytidine or
      histidine between test and control preparations. Scanning electron microscopy of
      skin surface biopsies showed some changes in all specimens--presumably due to
      hydration--but also showed striking differences between test and control sites
      and were especially marked with higher concentrations of salicylic acid. It is
      suggested that salicylic acid causes desquamation by dissolution of intercellular
      cement material.

PMID- 952757
TI  - Mudi-childhood on the pinnae.
AB  - A case of Mudi-childhood on the pinnae in a young girl is reported.

PMID- 952758
TI  - Multiple pigmented naevi in an albino.
AB  - A case of pigmented naevi arising in an albino is described. The histological
      appearance of a naevus is described in the nature of the pigment discussed.

PMID- 952759
TI  - Leg ulcers in a family with both beta thalassaemia and glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase deficiency.
AB  - A family is presented in which the proposita, affected with thalassaemia major,
      developed a chronic leg ulcer at the age of 14 years. Her eldest brother, not
      affected with thalassaemia, had a transient leg ulcer at the age of 18 years and
      a second brother, affected with thalassaemia minor, developed leg ulcers when
      aged 15 years. Al three siblings were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      deficient.

PMID- 952760
TI  - Glaucoma following the application of corticosteroid to the skin of the eyelids.
AB  - A case is reported of intractable glaucoma presumed to be associated with the
      long-term use of a corticosteroid-containing dermatological preparation on the
      skin of the eyelids for the control of eczema.

PMID- 952761
TI  - Metabolic consequences of iron overload.

PMID- 952762
TI  - Christmas disease (haemophilia B) in a girl with deletion of the short arm of one
      X-chromosome (functional Turner syndrome).
AB  - A I-year-old girl with severe Christmas disease and a factor IX content less than
      I% of normal is described. The family history was negative and coagulation
      studies on her relatives were normal. Genetic investigation showed an XXp
      karyotype with deletion of the short arm of one X-chromosome, a cytogenetic
      variant of Turner syndrome. The transmission pathway of the haemophilia gene is
      discussed.

PMID- 952763
TI  - Evidence that colagen releases human platelet constituents by two different
      mechanisms.
AB  - Collagen is believed to be involved in the initial events in haemostasis and has
      been shown by others to cause platelet aggregation and release, and also to
      initiate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. The present experiments provide
      evidence whihc suggests how these many effects of collagen may be involved in
      haemostasis. It is shown here that collagen releases platelet constituents by two
      different pathways. Collagen causes platelets washed free of loosely adsorbed
      coagulation factors to release constituents. This activity, is therefore,
      independent of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, and is not inhibited by
      heparin or hirudin. Collagen also releases platelet constituents by an
      alternative pathway which is inhibited by heparin and hirudin and is independent
      of factor XII, but is dependent on factor XI, subsequent factors in the intrinsic
      pathway of coagulation and calcium. These results suggest that collagen-induced
      release of platelet constituents is in part due to a direct effect on the
      platelet, and , in part, to an indirect effect involving coagulation factors and
      mediated by thrombin. The present results suggest that irreversible aggregation
      by collagen is also mediated by thrombin. The possible significance of this dual
      action of collagen in the haemostatic process is shown in Fig 7.

PMID- 952764
TI  - Letter: Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy successfully treated with
      cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 952765
TI  - Another example of an antibody reacting optimally with p red cells.
AB  - An antibody is described that reacted strongly with red cells of the p(Tj(a-))
      phenotype and moderately to strongly with cord red cells of the P2 phenotype. The
      antibody failed to react, or reacted very weakly, with red cells of the P1k and
      phenotypes and with the red cells of five children of a p individual, ahd reacted
      weakly with occasional red cell samples from adults of the P2 phenotype. These
      results suggest that the antibody does not detect a product of the p gene but
      instead detects a P system precursor substance. In p individuals this P system
      precursor substance is not altered by the p genes. In individuals of the P1 or P2
      phenocursor substance is not altered by the p genes. In individuals of the P1 or
      P2 phenotype this precursor substance is apparently converted to P1 and/or P
      antigens by the P1 or P2 genes.

PMID- 952766
TI  - Quantitation of ineffective erythropoiesis from the incorporation of [15N] delta
      aminolaevulinic acid and [15N] glycine into early labelled bilirubin. I. Normal
      subjects.
AB  - The incorporation of [15N] glycine into early labelled bilirubin and haemoglobin
      haem was measured in four haematologically normal subjects, using the clearance
      of [14C] bilirubin to measure total bilirubin production rate. Hepatic haem
      turnover was calculated from the incorporation of [15N]=sigma-aminolaevulinic
      acid into early labelled bilirubin. From the exprimental data previously
      published data in normal subjects a method is derived for the quantitation of
      ineffective erythropoiesis which can be applied to similar studies in patients
      with haematological disorders.

PMID- 952767
TI  - Quantitation of ineffective erythropoiesis from the incorporation of [15N] delta
      aminolaevulinic acid and [15N] glycin into early labelled bilirubin. II. Anaemic
      patients.
AB  - The incorporation of [15N]delta-aminolaevulinic acid and [15N glycine into
      haemoglobin haem and early labelled bilirubin was measured in subjects with
      various haematological disorders. The clearance of [14C bilirubin was used to
      measure bilirubin production rate, and the magnitude of the various sources of
      bilirubin production and the percentage ineffective erythropoiesis were
      calculated. Ineffective erythropoiesis was found to be a major factor in the
      production of the anaemia in patients with the following disorders: megaloblastic
      anaemia associated with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, thalassaemia intermedia,
      sideroblastic anaemia, and the anaemia of chronic disorders. In three patients
      with iron-deficiency anaemia ineffective erythropoiesis was increased, but was of
      minor importance in the production of the anaemia, while in two patients with
      aplastic anaemia and one with macrocytosis of alcoholism there was no increase in
      ineffective erythropoiesis.

PMID- 952768
TI  - Anti-Wrb, and other autoantibodies responsible for positive direct antiglobulin
      tests in 150 individuals.
AB  - Eluates from the red blood cells (and sera whenever free autoantibody was
      present) of 150 individuals with positive direct antiglobulin tests, have been
      studied for antibody specificity. Of 87 patients with AIHA, 64 had autoantibodies
      reacting with all red cell samples including Rhnu11. Of these 64 anti-d1
      autoantibodies, two were, and 32 contained, auto-anti-Wrb. Of 33 patients being
      treated with alphamethyldopa, who had developed positive direct antiglobulin
      tests, 23 had anti-d1 autoantibodies four of which contained auto-anti-Wrb. Of 30
      haematologically normal donors with positive direct antiglobulin tests, 23 had
      anti-d1 autoantibodies, two of which were, and six of which contained, auto-anti
      Wrb. The full specificities of autoantibodies, other than anti-Wrb and anti-d1,
      in the 150 patients are described, as are the natures of the protein red cell
      coatings that caused the positive direct antiglobulin tests. The presence of free
      serum autoantibody as a correlate of the three clinical conditions is reported.
      Several observations on auto-anti-Wrb are documented. The antibody can cause
      gross red cell destruction in vivo, but can be benign on other occasions; it
      occurs with approximately the same frequency in AIHA patients and "normal" donors
      with positive direct antiglobulin tests, but in fewer patients with
      alphamethydopa induced positive direct antiglobulin tests; it does not activate
      complement in vivo; and finally it may eventually provide a clue to the aetiology
      of AIHA.

PMID- 952769
TI  - Unbalanced globin chain synthesis in erythroid precursor cells of heterozygous
      alpha-thalassaemia.
AB  - Globin biosynthesis was studied in both erythroid precursors and reticulocytes of
      three individuals with heterozygous alpha-thalassaemia. In contrast to the
      finding of equal or nearly equal alpha and beta chain synthesis in the marrow of
      patients with heterozygous beta-thalassaemia previously examined, our studies
      showed equal degrees of unbalanced globin synthesis in both reticulocytes and
      nucleated-erythroid cells of alpha-thalassaemia heterozygotes. Greater stability
      and less susceptibility to proteolysis of the excess beta-chain formed in alpha
      thalassaemia may explain our findings.

PMID- 952770
TI  - Simultaneous inheritance of mutant isoenzymes of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase
      associated with chronic haemolytic anaemia.
AB  - The heterogeneity of pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency associated with hereditary
      haemolytic anaemia is emphasized by studies of a kindred harbouring two distinct
      mutant forms of this enzyme, both of which were kinetically defective with
      markedly decreased affinities for the substrate, phosphoenolypyruvate. The two
      isoenzymes, designated PK-Vancouver1 and PK-Vancouver2, were primarily
      distinguishable from one another by differences in maximum in vitro activities
      and by variations in response to fructose-I,6-diphosphate activation. When
      combined in proband erythrocytes to the exclusion of any normal PK, the
      isoenzymes were associated with a severe chronic haemolytic process with many of
      the features of PK deficiency of the more common quantitative type. Clinical
      laboratory screening tests for detecting PK deficiency may be falsely negative or
      equivocal in such cases.

PMID- 952771
TI  - A convenient and reproducible filtration technique for the determination of
      erythrocyte flexibility.
AB  - A micro-cell filtration technique is described in which a silver membrane of 3
      mum porosity is used. The apparatus consists of a membrane holder and disposable
      syringe only. A regeneration procedure which allows indefinite re-use of one
      membrane is described. Filtration proceeds under the hydrostatic pressure of the
      fluid column only. A locke-albumin solution has been developed as a suspension
      medium and adapted for cell washing by the addition of fibrinogen and
      cholesterol. A plot of the volumes of cells filtered against log time shows a
      linear relationship for normal erythrocytes. The filtered red cells are virtually
      undamaged. The overall precision of the method of the order of +/-2%.

PMID- 952772
TI  - Primary leucocyte alkaline phosphatase deficiency in an adult with repeated
      infections.
AB  - An individual with repeated bacterial infections, eczema, hyperimmunoglobulin E,
      and a primary deficiency of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase is described. The Lap
      deficient neutrophils from this patient had marginally deficient bactericidal
      activity particularly when challenged with high ratios of bacteria per
      neutrophil. Leucotactic, metabolic and morphologic features of the neutrophils
      from the patient were normal. Evidence is presented which contrasts this
      patient's condition with previously described primary or secondary deficiencies
      of LAP.

PMID- 952773
TI  - Detection of mild aphasia: a study using the Token Test.

PMID- 952774
TI  - Methodological problems in the use of factor analysis: a critical review of the
      experimental evidence for the anal character.

PMID- 952775
TI  - Preconscious processing in schizophrenics: an exploratory investigation.

PMID- 952776
TI  - Workshop training in psychotherapy.

PMID- 952777
TI  - The wider uses of conjoint psychotherapy.

PMID- 952778
TI  - Long range effects of father's loss: the cognitive complexity of bereaved
      children and their school adjustment.

PMID- 952779
TI  - Discharge from a therapeutic community.

PMID- 952780
TI  - The 'inductograph'--a graph describing the limits of the latent phase of induced
      labour in low risk situations.
AB  - The construction of an 'inductograph' is described which defines the rates of
      progress of the latent phase of labour in 80 per cent of a group of patients
      selected from a 'low risk' category. A standard induction regime was used, and
      changes in the uterine cervix were assessed quantitatively by a modified form of
      the Bishop scoring system.

PMID- 952781
TI  - Concentrations of free fatty acids in maternal and umbilical cord blood during
      elective Caesarean section.
AB  - The concentration of free fatty acids was measured in blood taken from the
      umbilical artery and vein of 29 infants during elective Caesarean section and
      compared with levels in maternal venous blood. The mean venous-arterial (v-a)
      difference was 0.07 mEq/l. There was a direct and significant correlation between
      the umbilical v-a difference and maternal venous concentrations.

PMID- 952782
TI  - Arterial pressures in non-pregnant women of child-bearing age in Ile-Ife,
      Nigeria.
AB  - The range of arterial pressures in non-pregnant women between the ages of 15 and
      44 years in Ile-Ife, Western Nigeria, has been determined from a randomly
      selected group of 626 women. The survey showed a low range of arterial pressures
      in the women. Blood pressures within the group showed a tendency to rise with age
      except in those who were aged 40 to 44 years, where the small numbers may have
      yielded the unexpected lower arterial pressure levels. Parity did not seem to
      have exerted any clear influence on the blood pressures of the subjects. The
      exception is in the age group 30 to 34 years where increasing parity was
      associated with a lower systolic blood pressure. The results of the survey
      suggested that essential hypertension and chronic renal disease were not likely
      to be significant factors in the high incidence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in
      the community.

PMID- 952783
TI  - Arterial pressures in Nigerian women up to mid-pregnancy.
AB  - A group of 497 women whose pregnancies did not exceed 22 weeks and who were
      booked at the antenatal clinic between 1st August, 1971 and 31st January, 1972
      have been included in a survey of arterial pressures in early pregnancy. The
      arterial pressures showed a low range and confirmed similar previous
      observations. The blood pressures among the primigravidae in the group were found
      to be lower than those of their Aberdeen counterparts. It was also found that the
      arterial pressures were lower than those of comparable non-pregnant women within
      the same community. The low arterial pressures in early pregnancy did not offer
      any special advantage in relation to the incidence of pre-eclampsia and
      eclampsia, diseases known to be prevalent within the community.

PMID- 952784
TI  - The management and natural history of severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of
      the uterine cervix.
AB  - This report concerns 375 patients seen in Frederiksberg, Denmark, between 1951
      and 1972: 103 of them had severe dysplasia and 272 of them carcinoma in situ of
      the uterine cervix. Thirty patients had no primary treatment: 9 of them developed
      invasive carcinoma, and 2 of these died; 12 patients had persistent
      intraepithelial abnormality of the cervix and the other 9 patients showed no
      abnormality after varying periods of observation. Recurrences after cone biopsy
      were noted in 9.5 and 10.1 per cent of patients with severe dysplasia and
      carcinoma in situ respectively, and in 2 per cent of patients who had an in situ
      carcinoma treated by hysterectomy. This made a total of 15 patients with
      recurrences. All were ultimately cured although two patients were found to have
      invasive carcinoma.

PMID- 952785
TI  - Treatment and survival in 631 patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - From 1951 to 1972, a total of 631 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix were
      diagnosed in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark. Treatment was either by surgery
      or radiotherapy, a combination of both being rarely used. The crude five-year
      survival rates were 99 per cent in stage Ia, 79 per cent in stage Ib, 67 per cent
      in stage IIa, 45 per cent in stage IIb, 23 per cent in stage III, 5 per cent in
      stage IV and 63 per cent for all stages. The relative survival rates were
      respectively 100 per cent, 81 per cent, 73 per cent, 48 per cent, 26 per cent, 5
      per cent and 66 per cent. Radical hysterectomy were found more effective than
      radiotherapy in stage Ib carcinoma of the cervix. This difference was not
      explained by age but other factors possibly playing a role are considered. The
      combination of surgery and radiotherapy is discussed and only seems indicated for
      patients with stage Ib carcinoma and lymph node metastases.

PMID- 952786
TI  - Effect of sterilization on menstrual blood loss.
AB  - Menstrual blood loss was measured objectively in 25 women for up to three months
      before and for six to twelve months after tubal ligation. The operation made no
      significant difference to menstrual blood loss.

PMID- 952787
TI  - The distribution of neoplasm in patients dying after treatment of endometrial
      carcinoma.
AB  - An analysis of 155 patients with endometrial carcinoma, first seen more than five
      years ago, shows that 31 per cent died with tumour. Trans-coelomic spread of
      tumour was the most frequent cause of death and occurred in 13.6 per cent of all
      patients and in 17.1 per cent of those who were operable. A second important
      cause of death was haematogenous spread of tumour (6.5 per cent). Local pelvic
      recurrence was the cause of death in 25 per cent of those who did not survive,
      and local spread was found in 2.2 per cent of operable patients. A rational
      approach to therapy for endometrial carcinoma is suggested.

PMID- 952788
TI  - Carcinoma of the fallopian tube.

PMID- 952789
TI  - A successful pregnancy following malignant phase hypertension.
AB  - We describe a patient who had a successful pregnancy three years after starting
      treatment for malignant phase renal hypertension and two years after a
      nephrectomy for right renal artery thrombosis and an aorto-femoral graft for
      right common iliac artery thrombosis.

PMID- 952790
TI  - Problems in assessing effects of induction of labour on perinatal mortality.
AB  - Data on births in the Oxford area for 1965 and 1972 are examined, and a model
      presented for analysing some effects of induction of labour during this period.
      It is suggested that this model is generally useful in understanding the various
      possible explanations for an apparent improvement in perinatal mortality figures.

PMID- 952791
TI  - The outcome of pregnancy in former oral contraceptive users.
AB  - As part of a continuing major prospective survey, the outcome of 5530 pregnancies
      in former oral contraceptive (pill) users was compared with the outcome of 11 009
      pregnancies in the control series of women who had never used the pill. In former
      pill users there was a significantly higher induced abortion rate. There was no
      increase in the reported spontaneous abortion rate, and there is evidence to
      suggest that the true spontaneous abortion rate may be materially lower in former
      pill users. The previous use of oral contraceptives appeared to have no adverse
      effect on subsequent births.

PMID- 952792
TI  - Maternal factors associated with fetal chromosomal anomalies in spontaneous
      abortions.
AB  - The effect is described of maternal factors on the proportion of fetal
      chromosomal anomalies in a series of 2620 spontaneous abortions, of which 992
      specimens were karyotyped. Maternal age was the most important factor associated
      with a rise in the proportion abnormal, followed by Social Class I or II and the
      use of oral contraception before conception. The problem of extrapolating from
      the proportion abnormal to absolute incidence of anomalies is discussed. In the
      case of increasing maternal age, the evidence suggests that the rise in incidence
      of spontaneous abortions with age is accounted for by an increased incidence of
      chromosomally abnormal fetuses. In the case of high social class and a history of
      oral contraception, the evidence on incidence is scanty and the rise in the
      proportion abnormal may either reflect a decrease in the abortion rate of
      chromosomally normal fetuses, or a small increase in the incidence of lethal
      chromosomal anomalies.

PMID- 952793
TI  - Changes in fetal and maternal heart rate during abdominal radiography in late
      pregnancy.
AB  - Continuous recordings of maternal and fetal heart rate were made in 30 antenatal
      patients during simulated abdominal radiography in late pregnancy. Transient
      changes in fetal heart rate occurred in 43 per cent of patients in the supine
      position compared with 27 per cent in the prone position. Transient increase of
      maternal heart rate occurred in 37 per cent of patients. There was no evidence of
      revealed or concealed caval occlusion.

PMID- 952794
TI  - A comparison of the effect of extradural and parenteral analgesia on maternal
      plasma cortisol concentrations during labour and the puerperium.
AB  - Maternal plasma levels of cortisol were measured serially by radioimmunoassay in
      two groups of 12 patients during induced labour and in the puerperium. One group
      was given continuous extradural analgesia throughout labour, the other group
      received pethidine and promazine in response to pain. Pre-induction cortisol
      levels were significantly higher in patients who were to have extradural
      analgesia but the percentage increase in plasma cortisol during labour was
      considerably less than in patients with parenteral analgesia; in second stage
      labour, mean cortisol levels were the same in the two groups. This study suggests
      that patients who had chosen to have extradural analgesia may have been more
      anxious before labour than the other patients but continuous, extradural
      analgesia suppressed to some extent the percentage increase in mean cortisol
      levels found during labour in patients given parenteral analgesia. In the
      puerperium, there was no difference in mean cortisol levels in the two groups.

PMID- 952795
TI  - A serial study of coagulation factors XII, XI and X in plasma in normal pregnancy
      and in pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia.
AB  - A serial study of coagulation factors XII, XI and X in plasma has been carried
      out on 60 primigravidae, prospectively comparing those who remained normal with
      those who developed pre-eclampsia. In the normal group of 48 patients, the levels
      of all factors rose as pregnancy advanced, a secondary increase in factors XI and
      X occurring in the puerperium. Cord levels of all three factors were depressed.
      In the pre-eclampsia group of 12 patients, factor XII was significantly higher
      than in the normal group throughout the study, while factors XI and X were
      slightly lower. Observed changes failed to support the idea of a strong primary
      role for the coagulation mechanism in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 952796
TI  - Induced abortion and secondary infertility.
AB  - The role of induced (and spontaneous) abortions in the aetiology of secondary
      sterility was investigated. Obstetric and gynaecologic histories were obtained
      from 100 women with secondary infertility admitted to the First Department of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Athens Medical School and to the
      Division of Fertility and Sterility of that Department. For every patient, an
      attempt was made to find two healthy control subjects from the same hospital with
      matching for age, parity, and level of education. Two control subjects each were
      found for 83 of the index patinets. The relative risk of secondary infertility
      among women with at least one induced abortion and no spontaneous abortions was
      3.4 times that among women without any induced or spontaneous abortions (95 per
      cent confidence interval 1.38-8.37). The relationship was statistically
      significant and indicated that in Greece, about 45 per cent of the cases of
      secondary infertility may be attributable to previous induced abortions.

PMID- 952797
TI  - Cervical mucus and identification of the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Nine healthy fertile women were studied during 29 menstrual cycles. A cervical
      mucus grading system, assessed by the patient and used in conjunction with basal
      body temperature, was correlated with plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH),
      oestradiol and plasma progesterone. The results show that a patient can be taught
      to predict the time of ovulation by observing the changes in the cervical mucus.

PMID- 952798
TI  - A study of the use of intermittent serum luteinizing hormone, progesterone and
      oestradiol measurements for the detection of ovulation.
AB  - The value of luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P) and oestradiol (E2) in
      serum as an index of ovulation and corpus luteum function was studied in blood
      samples collected at infrequent intervals during the menstrual cycle from 19
      healthy Thai women. A serum P level of more than 3 ng/ml was detectable in 70 to
      80 per cent samples obtained between days 20 and 25 and a P peak and/or E2 peak
      (greater than 150 pg/ml) were found at this time in 85 to 94 per cent of the
      cycles. In not more than 26 per cent of the cycles was an LH peak (greater than
      150 ng/ml-LER-907) detected when all results were considered. A significant P
      and/or E2 peak on day 22 or 23 occurred in more than 78 per cent of 25 to 33 day
      cycles, whereas, the P and/or E2 peak was detectable in only 50 per cent of the
      cycles lasting less than 25 or more than 33 days. The postovulatory serum P
      levels were the ones most consistently raised in patients studied over several
      consecutive cycles.

PMID- 952799
TI  - A generalized epileptiform convulsion after intra-amniotic prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 952800
TI  - Chorionic haemangiomata and abruptio placentae. Case report and review.
AB  - A case of fetal death from abruptio placentae is reported in which the placenta
      was the seat of multiple chorangiomata. This association is believed not to have
      been fortuitous and a possible mechanism is suggested by which chorangioma may
      contribute to the pathogenesis of placental abruption. The incidence,
      morphological variation and clinical manifestations of placental chorangiomata
      are briefly discussed.

PMID- 952801
TI  - Pathology of practolol-induced ocular toxicity.
AB  - The ocular side-effects of prolonged practolol administration concern the cornea
      and conjunctiva and are related to deficient tear secretion and the formation of
      an autoantibody which has an affinity for the intercellular zones of squanmous
      epithelium. Histopathological study of six cases, including a review of the
      necropsy findings in two, showed destruction of lacrimal gland tissue,
      epidermalization of the conjunctival epithelium, with epitheliolysis and stromal
      ulceration of the cornea leading to perforation in two patients. Immunoperoxidase
      studies showed fixation of specific antibody in the corneal and conjunctival
      epithelium but, in the one case in which the tissue could be adequately studied,
      complement fixation could not be demonstrated. Possibly, therefore, the immune
      response in patients with practolol-induced ocular damage is secondary to the
      epithelial disturbance rather than its cause.

PMID- 952802
TI  - Ageing and degeneration in the macular region: a clinico-pathological study.
AB  - Clinical and pathological examination was performed on 378 eyes from 216 patients
      aged 43 to 97 years. This series represented eyes in which the fundi were normal
      or showed various manifestations of senile macular degeneration. The eyes were
      divided into six groups according to the histological appearance of a linear
      deposit at the base of the retinal pigment cells. Groups I and II were considered
      to represent normal ageing, Groups III and IV the progressive development of
      senile macular degeneration and Groups V and VI the end-results. Group I showed
      no basal linear deposit. Thickening and hyalinization of Bruch's membrane was
      noted as early as the fifth decade. Group II showed patchy development of the
      basal linear deposit in relation to thickened or basophilic segments of Bruch's
      membrane, or over intercapillary hyalinization extending to the level of the
      outer surface of the choriocapillaris. Almost all eyes in these two groups
      retained a normal fundus appearance but visual acuity declined with age even in
      the absence of other causes. In Group III the basal deposit formed a thin
      continuous layer associated with moderate degeneration of the retinal pigment
      epithelium. More than half the eyes had developed a clinical disturbance of
      pigmentation and in most vision was reduced. Group IV was characterized by
      thickening of the deposit and more pronounced disturbance of the pigment
      epithelium. Clinically most eyes showed coarse pigmentary changes and vision was
      in the order of 6/24. 14-3 per cent of eyes in this group showed early
      neovascularization from the choroid. In Group V the pigment epithelium
      disappeared to produce circumscribed areas of depigmentation. The basal linear
      deposit could be traced throughout the depigmented area in most eyes. Thin
      fibrovascular sheets were found beneath the pigment epithelium in 41-7 per cent
      of eyes. Group VI represented disciform degeneration. The basal linear deposit
      could often be demonstrated as a disrupted hyalinized layer incorporated into the
      scar. Disciform degeneration was an alternative end-result to geographical
      atrophy. In each group the clinical and histological findings may be modified by
      the presence of drusen or by atrophy of the choroid. The basal linear deposit
      consisted of banded fibres embedded in granular material lying between the plasma
      infoldings and the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium. This
      deposit seems to be a manifestation of gradual failure of the pigment epithelium
      and proved to be the most suitable criterion by which to study the natural
      history of senile macular degeneration.

PMID- 952803
TI  - Reticular dystrophy of retina.

PMID- 952804
TI  - Unilateral retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento.
AB  - A patient presented with unilateral findings of night blindness shown by impaired
      rod function and dark adaptation, constricted visual fields with good central
      acuity, a barely recordable electro-retinographic b-wave, and a unilaterally
      impaired electro-oculogram. There were none of the pigmentary changes usually
      associated with retinitis pigmentosa. The unaffected right eye was normal in all
      respects. Therefore the case is most probably one of unilateral retinitis
      pigmentosa sine pigmento.

PMID- 952805
TI  - Ocular findings of elderly cases of homozygous sickle-cell disease in Jamaica.
AB  - The ocular fingings in 60 patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease over the
      age of 40 years have been described. Peripheral retinal vessel disease was common
      and appeared to increase with age. Retinitis proliferans was common among older
      patients in the group. Angioid streaks occurred in 13 (22 per cent) patients.

PMID- 952806
TI  - Ocular toxocariasis in adults.
AB  - Human infection by toxocara larvae has been thought to be predominantly a disease
      of young children, but the percentage of the population with antibodies to this
      nematode worm has recently been shown to increase with age. Although a definite
      diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis can be made only by identifying the larva
      histologically, the evidence in three cases presenting with recent uniocular loss
      of vision strongly suggests that adults may also be affected. The lesions noted
      on ophthalmoscopy closely resembled toxocaral granulomata in children. Toxocaral
      fluorescent antibody tests were positive in each case.

PMID- 952807
TI  - Synapse formation in retinoblastoma tumours.
AB  - Developing photoreceptor-like cells in retinoblastoma tumour fleurettes were
      found to contain apical tight junctions, mitochondrial-filled inner segment
      regions with cilia, and basally located synaptic ribbons and vesicles. Synaptic
      contract appeared to be established with adjacent neuronal-like elements. We
      suggest that photoreceptor differentiation in retinoblastoma tumours follows a
      sequence similar to normal human photoreceptor embryogenesis.

PMID- 952808
TI  - Cryoprobe with T-tip for retinal surgery.

PMID- 952809
TI  - Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography of the choroid.
AB  - Indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) angiography of the choroid gives better
      visualization of the choroidal vessels than does fluorescein angiography. We
      found that the detachment of the pigment epithelium seems bigger on ICG than on
      fluorescein angiograms, and pigmented lesions are more clearly delineated.

PMID- 952810
TI  - Multilobed uveal melanoma masquerading as postoperative choroidal detachment.
AB  - A case of multilobed malignant melanoma with a haemorrhagic retinal detachment
      which mimicked a postoperative choroidal detachment is described. Because the
      lesion showed no resolution six weeks after cataract surgery a tumour evaluation
      was undertaken. The diagnosis was established with a positive radioactive
      phosphorus uptake (32P) test and biopsy of the intraocular mass. A suggested
      approach to the diagnosis in such difficult cases is proposed.

PMID- 952811
TI  - Retinal microscope.
AB  - An instrument is described that provides a stable magnified image for
      ophthalmoscopy and a low power operating microscope combined to allow greatly
      improved fundal inspection and to eliminate the need to change instruments during
      detachment surgery.

PMID- 952812
TI  - Editorial: Retinal venous obstruction.

PMID- 952813
TI  - Viscosity and retinal vein thrombosis.
AB  - Whole-blood and plasma viscosity with haematological and biochemical
      investigations were measured in 44 patients with retinal vein occlusion. The
      patients were subdivided on the basis of fluorescein angiographic findings into:
      1. Those with large areas of capillary non-perfusion. 2. Those with small areas
      of capillary non-perfusion. 3. Those with an intact capillary pattern. Capillary
      non-perfusion in retinal vein occlusion is associated with a higher morbidity
      owing to the complications of retinal neovascularization. Significantly higher
      values of whole-blood viscosity, packed cell volume, and yield stress have been
      found in patients with capillary non-perfusion than in those without. These
      differences may be of critical importance during the episode of retinal vein
      occlusion and suggest an aetiological factor in the development of capillary non
      perfusion. Higher whole-blood and plasma viscosity values and plasma fibrinogen
      levels have also been shown in the whole retinal vein occlusion group compared
      with a control group of 30 individuals. These differences may be a factor in the
      development of retinal vein occlusion but their precise role is difficult to
      evaluate. Further biochemical investigations in the vein occlusion group
      supported the strong association with arterial disease and suggested a higher
      incidence of biochemical abnormalities in those patients with capillary non
      perfusion.

PMID- 952814
TI  - Fluorescein angiography and its prognostic significance in central retinal vein
      occlusion.
AB  - To determine the prognostic value of fluorescein angiograms in central retinal
      occlusion 75 patients presenting within the first three months of their initial
      visual symptoms were studied prospectively. The prognosis was found to be best
      (complete or partial resolution) in eyes with good capillary perfusion, an intact
      perifoveal capillary arcade, and leakage only from terminal venules and veins. A
      broken perifoveal capillary arcade and much capillary leakage, even in the
      absence of obvious capillary closure, were precursors of permanent macular
      oedema. All eyes with extensive capillary closure developed severe complications
      such as thrombotic glaucoma and neovascularization (pre-retinal fibrosis), and
      all became blind. Macular transit time and leakage from arteries and veins were
      not used as prognostic features. Fluorescein angiography during the first month
      of the initial visual symptoms was of prognostic value only in those cases with
      poor prognosis. The three-month angiogram was an accurate indicator of the visual
      outcome in all cases.

PMID- 952815
TI  - Central retinal artery occlusion (reversible in sickle trait with glaucoma.
AB  - We report a case of central retinal artery occlusion in an 18-year-old black
      woman with sickle-trait haemoglobinopathy and acute glaucoma after hyphaema. The
      central retinal artery occlusion occurred immediately after treatment of the
      glaucoma with osmotic agents, raising the possibility that they played a
      precipitating role. We suggest that osmotic agents be used with extreme caution
      in sickle patients with glaucoma. The occlusion was treated by anterior chamber
      paracentesis with eventual return of good vision. The reversibility of retinal
      and optic nerve function after total ischaemia is discussed.

PMID- 952817
TI  - Acute vitreous haemorrhage: a clinical report.
AB  - In the first hours after a vitreous haemorrhage dense enough to obscure the
      reina, the blood is usually confined to the posthyaloid space in an aqueous
      phase. Binocular occlusion and elevation provides sufficient immobilization of
      the eyes in nine out of 10 patients for the blood cells to settle to the bottom
      of the space and make the retina available for examination and repair. Blood
      enters the vitreous gel through holes that develop in the posterior hyaloid
      membrane. Blood in the gel does not settle and requires months to clear.

PMID- 952816
TI  - Macular and perimacular vascular remodelling sickling haemoglobinopathies.
AB  - The posterior pole vasculature of 100 patients with different sickling
      haemoglobinopathies was studied prospectively over a period of three years.
      Various abnormalities of the posterior pole vasculature were seen in 29 per cent
      of the patients. Continuous remodelling of the macular and perimacular
      vasculature occurred. Visual acuity was variably affected and sometimes remained
      intact.

PMID- 952818
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy with normal glucose tolerance.
AB  - A case is reported of a patient with typical diabetic retinopathy, but with
      normal glucose tolerance. Previously reported cases are reviewed and it is
      concluded that in such patients the diabetes is probably latent, the retinopathy
      being discovered during a period of natural or induced remission.

PMID- 952820
TI  - Contact lenses at high altitude: experience on Everest south-west face 1975.
AB  - Five members of the British Everest Expedition 1975 were equipped with hydrogel
      contact lenses. Some clinical observations are made about the performance of
      these lenses. Two men were able to use them up to an altitude of 24,000 ft, where
      the ambient oxygen tension is of the order of 55 mmHg.

PMID- 952819
TI  - Spheroidal degeneration of cornea and conjunctiva.
AB  - A study of almost 1000 outpatients at a London eye hospital showed the presence
      of asymptomatic yellowish, spheroidal deposits in the peripheral cornea or
      conjunctiva, or both, in about 6 per cent, with a preponderance of males and
      older subjects among those affected. This prevalence is less than is observed in
      people in countries exposed to higher levels of sunlight. Histological study of
      the deposits showed some tinctorial similarities with pseudoelastic fibres of
      pingueculae, with which they were sometimes associated, but also significant
      differences suggesting that the spheroidal deposits might be a composite of
      degenerate collagen and a second non-collagenous protein. Until a more precise
      terminology is feasible we suggest that a purely descriptive name such as
      spheroidal degeneration or droplet keratopathy should be used to describe this
      entity.

PMID- 952821
TI  - Acute endocrine exophthalmos.
AB  - A case is reported of acute endocrine exophthalmos in a 60-year-old clinically
      euthyroid male diabetic and the rapid response to steroid therapy is described.
      The exophthalmometer was used to assess objectively the variations of the
      exophthalmos.

PMID- 952822
TI  - Retinal vascular changes in congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment
      epithelium.
AB  - The overlying retinal blood vessels were abnormal in five cases of congenital
      hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. This illustrated the well
      recognized association between outer retinal degeneration and obliteration of the
      overlying retinal vasculature. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms,
      however, seem inadequate to explain completely the morphological changes of the
      retinal blood vessels in the presence of atrophy of the outer retina.

PMID- 952823
TI  - Retinal vascular changes in bull's eye maculopathy.
AB  - A case of maculopathy mimicking chloroquine toxicity without exposure to the drug
      is described. The peripheral retina showed sheathing and arterio-venous
      anastomosis with poor perfusion of the retinal circulation.

PMID- 952824
TI  - Ocular findings in a case of fucosidosis.
AB  - The ocular findings in a case of fucosidosis are described and the differential
      diagnosis is discussed. It is suggested that the level of alpha-L-fucosidase
      should be estimated in cases of bull's eye retinopathy.

PMID- 952825
TI  - Annular choroidal sclerosis.
AB  - This is a case description of a rare fundus condition known as annular choriodal
      sclerosis. No more than four previous cases have so far been reported. In this
      article consideration is given to the pathogenesis of the disease and a possible
      familial link.

PMID- 952826
TI  - Distribution of myopia in aphakic retinal detachments.

PMID- 952827
TI  - Aetiology of keratoconus.
AB  - Keratoconus has a common association with atopic conditions. Most keratoconus
      patients rub their eyes excessively. Eye-rubbing is considered the dominant
      aetiological factor in two-thirds of patients with keratoconus who progress to
      contact lens wear. A classification of keratoconus based on the dominant
      aetiological factors is proposed. No significant psychoneurotic factor was found
      in the keratoconus patients compared with patients in the control group.

PMID- 952828
TI  - Corneal changes in patients treated with clofazimine.
AB  - Fine, brownish lines, similar to chloroquine keratopathy, were observed in two of
      19 psoriatic patients given clofazimine. There was no functional disturbance and
      the changes were reversible.

PMID- 952829
TI  - Clinical manifestations secondary to soft contact lens wear.
AB  - The study of 151 patients wearing soft hydrophilic lenses for one year revealed
      no gross irreversible lesions with loss of vision. But of significance was the
      presence of superficial lesions of the corneal epithelium, and chronic stromal
      oedema. While no significant loss of wearing time was noted for women taking the
      pill, the decrease in tear secretion in those patients with a latent dry eye
      problem could just alter the balance to produce intolerance. From this report it
      is the long-term changes to the tissues that remain to be fully investigated for
      soft hydrophilic lenses.

PMID- 952830
TI  - Subconjunctival and episcleral lipid deposits.
AB  - Biomicroscopical examination of the bulbar conjunctiva and anterior episclera of
      1000 randomly selected outpatients showed the presence of multiple discrete lipid
      globules in 30 per cent. The lipid deposits were asymptomatic. Their prevalence
      was age-related, while their distribution and composition were consistent with
      origin from the conjunctival blood vessels.

PMID- 952831
TI  - Recurrence of astrocytoma of optic nerve after 48 years.
AB  - A tumour presumed to be a juvenile glioma of the optic nerve was removed by a
      Kronlein procedure from a 4-year old boy in 1925. In 1973 a severe proptosis made
      it necessary to remove the atrophic eye and a large retro-ocular tumour.
      Histological examination, supported by electron microscopy, showed the second
      tumour to be an anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma. The possible histogenesis and
      this unusual behaviour pattern are discussed.

PMID- 952832
TI  - Fertilizer calcium as a factor affecting the voluntary intake, digestibility and
      retention time of pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) by sheep.
AB  - 1. Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) grown with and without calcium fertilizer
      was cut at three stages of regrowth to measure voluntary intake of dry matter
      (DM) and digestibility of various components of the dried-grass diet by sheep
      kept in metabolism crates. To determine the extent of a simple Ca deficiency half
      the sheep on each diet was supplemented with 1-4 g Ca/d. Retention times of the
      various dietary components in the reticulo-rumen were also determined. 2. Feeding
      a Ca supplement had no effect on voluntary intake or digestibility. 3. Ca
      fertilizer increased the Ca content of the grass from 2-2 to 3-8 g/kg DM and DM
      digestibility from 0-455 to 0-476 (P less than 0-01) due to an increase in the
      digestibility of the hemicellulose. 4. Voluntary intake was increased from 38-8
      to 43-2 g/kg body-weight0.75 per d by Ca fertilizer due to an 18% reduction in
      the period of time the DM was retained in the reticulorumen. 5. Regressions
      relating voluntary intake to DM digestibility for the Ca-fertilized and control
      grass were significantly different (P less than 0-01). When compared at the same
      DM digestibility the voluntary intake of the Ca-fertilized grass was 2-6 g/kg
      body-weight0.75 per d higher than that of the control. 6. It was concluded that
      Ca fertilizer increased both DM digestibility and voluntary intake as a result of
      changes in the structural composition of the grass and not by a simple increase
      in the Ca content of the diet.

PMID- 952833
TI  - Amino acid metabolism in the piglet. 2. Influence of fasting on plasma free amino
      acid concentration and in vivo oxidation of methionine, isoleucine and threonine.
AB  - 1. The influence of a 24 h fast on the concentrations of free amino acids in the
      plasma, and upon the oxidation rates of methionine, isoleucine and threonine was
      studied (using early weaned, 4-week-old piglets which were receiving a semi
      purified diet. 2. There was no change in the total concentration of the essential
      amino acids as a result of the 24 h fast: the concentration of the branched-chain
      amino acids increased, but the effect of this was offset by decreases in the
      concentrations of arginine, histidine, lysine, methionine and phenylalanine.
      There was a reduction in the concentration of the non-essential amino acids. 3.
      The piglets received infusions of L-[I-14C]methionine, L-[U-14C]isoleucine and L
      [U-14C]-threonine, and the recovery of the label in carbon dioxide was
      determined. Less than 5% of the activity from methionine was recovered in the CO2
      from the fed piglets, whereas 12% was recovered from the fasted piglets. The
      corresponding values with threonine were 11 and 19% but there was no effect of
      fasting on the recovery of the label from isoleucine in CO2. 4. The initial
      dilution of a single dose of a labelled amino acid infused into the bloodstream
      depends on the plasma concentration of the amino acid. Nutritional regimens may
      effect the free amino acid concentration in the plasma. Thus comparisons based
      upon direct determination of activity recovered in CO2 from the labelled dose of
      an amino acid with animals on different nutritional regimens could not
      misleading, unless the differences in the concentrations of the amino acid in the
      plasma are considered.

PMID- 952834
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism in calves. Effect of giving different amounts of dietary
      casein with and without formaldehyde treatment.
AB  - I. Calves were given a basal diet of straw and flaked maize (12 g nitrogen/kg dry
      matter (DM)) or diets with some flaked maize replaced by untreated (UT) casein or
      formaldehyde-treated (FT) casein to give 19, 29 or 34 g N/kg DM. 2. At all
      intakes rumen ammonia concentrations were lower and amounts of total-N, non
      ammonia-N and amino acid-N entering the duodenum were high when FT-rather the UT
      casein supplements were given. 3. Direct measurement of casein entering the
      duodenum indicated that giving FT rather than UT casein led to much greater
      amounts of dietary casein escaping degradation in the rumen (70--90% compared to
      10--20%). Calculated values for fermentable N indicated that with this low
      degradability diets containing FT-casein would have provided inadequate N for
      maximum microbial synthesis in the rumen, and this probably accounted for the
      marked reduction in amounts of non-casein-N entering the duodenum when FT rather
      than UT casein was given. 4. Amino acid patterns in duodenal digesta samples
      after giving the basal diet or diets containing UT-casein were similar. Giving
      diets containing FT-casein led to changes in this pattern which could sometimes,
      although not always, be accounted for by estimated differences in proportions of
      dietary and microbial proteins. 5. At the highest level of N intake FT-casein
      supplemented diets led to significantly higher concentrations of most essential
      amino acids and lower concentrations of most non-essential amino acids in plasma
      than did UT-casein-supplemented diets. Plasma urea concentrations increased with
      increasing N intake but were not significantly different for UT- and FT-casein
      supplemented diets.

PMID- 952835
TI  - The ileum of the sheep as a site of protein digestion.
AB  - 1. In order to study the ability of the ileum of the sheep to digest and absorb
      protein, casein or gluten were infused into the intestine of rams through
      cannulas inserted at distances of 0-05, 7, 9 and 15 m from the pylorus. Amounts
      of casein or gluten containing 10-20 g nitrogen were infused during 24 h, in
      animals given a low-N diet. 2. N balance was negative during the preliminary
      period when no infusion was given; infusion of casein or gluten increased the
      daily N retention to 5-15 g. 3. Infusion of proteins into the intestine did not
      induce an increased activity of pancreatic proteases in digesta withdrawn from
      the lower part of the intestine. 4. The increased N retention after the infusion
      of proteins into the lower part of the intestine indicates a considerable
      capacity of this section of the intestine to digest and absorb proteins.

PMID- 952836
TI  - The effect of cold exposure of sheep on digestion, rumen turnover time and
      efficiency of microbial synthesis.
AB  - 1. Six closely shorn sheep were given brome grass (Bromus inermis) pellets at 1 h
      intervals and maintained at ambient temperatures of --I to Idegree and 18-
      21degrees for 28 d. Measurements of digestion were made during the last 10 d of
      temperature exposure. 2. Cold exposure resulted in a reduction in apparent dry
      matter (DM) digestibility from 0-482 to 0-450, and of apparent digestibility of
      organic matter (OM) from 0-511 to 0-477. Neither apparent digestibility nor
      retention of nitrogen was affected. 3. Apparent digestibility of OM in the rumen
      decreased from 0-300 to 0-242 with cold exposure, and was highly correlated with
      turnover time in the rumen of 103Ru, which was used as a particulate marker. 4.
      The efficiency of microbial synthesis (g N incorporated into microbial cells/kg
      OM apparently digested) was correlated with the dilution rate of the solute
      marker (51Cr) and with the turnover time of the particulate marker (103Ru) in the
      rumen. 5. Digestion in the intestine of DM and OM accounted for significantly
      more of apparent digestion in the whole gastrointestinal tract for sheep kept in
      the cold than for sheep kept in the warm. The apparent digestibilities of DM and
      OM entering the intestine were similar in sheep on both treatments, but
      significantly more non-ammonia-N was digested in the intestines of cold-exposed
      sheep. 6. The influence of dilution rate of rumen fluid on the efficiency of
      synthesis of microbial cells in the rumen is discussed.

PMID- 952837
TI  - The histological effects of copper and zinc on chick embryo skeletal tissues in
      organ culture.
AB  - 1. The effects of copper and zinc on organ cultures of chick embryo cartilage and
      bone maintained in low-trace-metal, chemically defined media for up to 8 d were
      studied macroscopically, histologically and histochemically. Length and wet
      weight measurement of explants were assessed statistically. 2. No effects were
      found with Cu concentrations of 0-5-1-5 mug/ml medium. Between concentrations of
      5 and 40 mug Cu/ml medium, lengths and wet-weights of cartilage cultures
      decreased significantly (P less than 0-001) compared with controls. The decrease
      was directly proportional to increasing Cu concentration, and that of the length
      was greater with increasing period of culture (P less than 0-001). 3. With 5--20
      mug Cu/ml medium cartilage and bone became yellow in colour, and chondrocytes
      were swollen, rounded and basophilic. They were detached from their lacunae and
      the quantity of matrix was reduced. Loss of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)
      activity and disappearance of glycogen accompanied the degeneration. Osteogenesis
      ceased, cells failed to divide and mature, lost their enzymes and died. Cu did
      not accumulate in the bone matrix. 4. The direct toxic effects of Cu for
      cartilage and bone may underlie some of the skeletal changes in hepatolenticular
      degeneration (Wilson's disease). 5. As Zn concentrations were increased from 2-5
      to 7-5 mug/ml medium, lengths and wet-weights of cartilaginous cultures were
      significantly increased (P less than 0-001). As Zn concentrations were further
      increased (from 10 to 40 mug/ml medium), lengths and wet-weights were
      significantly decreased (P less than 0-001). 6. Zn stimulated chondrocyte
      division and vacuolation of cytoplasm. With higher Zn concentrations toxic
      changes of granular basophilia, lacunar detachment and necrosis were seen.
      Differentiation and functioning of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondroclasts
      were stimulated by Zn. 7. Zn was found in bone matrix, osteoblasts, osteocytes
      and hypertrophied chondrocytes.

PMID- 952838
TI  - The role of the gut microflora in the utilization of dietary urea by the chick.
AB  - 1. In a preliminary experiment, growth of conventional chicks given a basal diet
      containing adequate amounts of all the essential but none of the non-essential
      amino acids was improved by supplements of 10-3 g urea or 50-4 g glutamic acid/kg
      diet or both. 2. In the main study the effects of supplementing the basal diet
      with 20-6 g urea/kg were compared in groups of sixteen germ-free and conventional
      chicks. 3. The germ-free chicks did not benefit from the urea supplement whereas
      the conventional birds showed improved food conversion efficiency and
      significantly better growth. 4. In both environments nitrogen retention ((mg N
      intake-mg N excreted)divideg food intake) was higher in the birds given urea, but
      N utilization ((mg N intake-mg N excreted)dividemg N intake) was reduced. This
      reduction was greater in the germ-free birds. 5. There was a small increase in
      plasma ammonia concentration in the germ-free birds given urea but a
      significantly greater increase in the corresponding conventional group. 6. Plasma
      uric acid concentrations were variable in both groups, and much lower than the
      normal range. They followed a similar pattern to the plasma ammonia values. 7.
      More insoluble N was excreted by the conventional chicks given urea than by the
      corresponding germ-free group, or by either group given the basal diet. 8. It was
      concluded that the gut micro-organisms are responsible for the growth-promoting
      effect of urea, presumably through release of ammonia by bacterial ureas (EC
      3.5.1.5) and its consequent incorporation into amino acids.

PMID- 952839
TI  - Influence of fructose feeding on individual enzymic reactions in the formation
      and metabolism of bile acids in rat liver homogenates.
AB  - 1. Rats were maintained for 10 d on a semi-synthetic diet containing 700 g
      glucose or 700 g fructose/kg. Individual enzymic reactions in bile acid synthesis
      and metabolism were studied by measuring the 7alpha-hydroxylation of [4
      14C]cholesterol, and 12alpha-hydroxylation of 7alpha-[6beta-3H]hydroxy-4
      cholesten-3-one, the 26-hydroxylation of 5beta-[7beta-3H]cholestane-3alpha,7alpha
      diol and the 6beta-hydroxylation of [3H]lithocholic acid in liver homogenates. 2.
      The serum cholesterol level was approximately the same in both groups of animals,
      but the serum triglyceride level was almost twice as high in the fructose-fed
      rats compared to the glucose-fed rats. 3. The 6beta-hydroxylation of
      [3H]ithocholic acid was increased by about 20% in the fructose-fed rats compared
      to the glucose-fed animals. The activities of the other enzymic reactions studied
      did not differ significantly between the two groups of animals. The findings are
      discussed in relation to previous knowledge concerning mechanisms regulating
      triglyceride, pre-beta-lipoprotein and bile acid synthesis.

PMID- 952840
TI  - A system for automatic collection and removal of urine from male farm animals.
AB  - A system for collection and removal of urine has been developed, consisting of a
      peristaltic pump controlled by an electronic switch activated by the presence of
      urine in a funnel and in tubing. For optimum performance, it is necessary to
      clean parts at regular intervals.

PMID- 952841
TI  - The copper status of beef cattle in Northern Ireland.
AB  - 1. Serum caeruloplasmin (ferroxidase I;EC 1.16.3.1) activity has been used as an
      indicator of copper status of cattle to survey beef herds in Northern Ireland. 2.
      The main survey covered some 20 000 cows on 1200 farms. 3. The results are
      reported in the form of a map showing area where herds of low and very-low Cu
      status predominate. Clinical signs of Cu deficiency in calves were encountered in
      only two areas.

PMID- 952842
TI  - Energy losses associated with oven-drying and the preparation of rat carcasses
      for analysis.
AB  - 1. The effect of oven-drying on the heat of combustion of rat carcasses was
      studied and found to produce losses of 10% of the original energy content. Oven
      drying also produced a small loss of nitrogen. 2. A method of carcass preparation
      not involving oven-drying was tested and found to produce suitably homogeneous
      samples for analysis without any loss of energy.

PMID- 952843
TI  - The use of pivalic acid as a reference substance in measurements of production of
      volatile fatty acids by rumen micro-organisms in vitro.
AB  - 1. A procedure is described for using pivalic acid as an inert reference
      substance in determination of changes in concentrations of volatile fatty acids
      (VFA). 2. Pivalic acid in concentrations of up to 80 mmol/1 had no effect on
      production of methane or VFA by rumen contents. 3. Pivalic acid was inert during
      incubation with rumen contents from sheep given different diets and with samples
      taken at different times with respect to feeding.

PMID- 952844
TI  - Solution conformation of a retro-D analogue of tocinamide.
AB  - The solution conformation of a retro-D analogue of tocinamide H-D-Cys-D-Asn-D-Gln
      D-aIle-D-Tyr-NHCH2CH2S was examined using proton magnetic resonance and circular
      dichroism spectroscopy. The observations support major contributions to the
      conformational distribution from structures with a type I beta turn in the
      sequence D-Asp-D-Gln-D-aIle-D-Tyr. This is topologically similar to the beta turn
      proposed for oxytocin, L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-Gln-L-Asn, but with the polarity of the CONH
      groups reversed along the chain; the peptide is, however, hormonally inert. In
      conjuction with nuclear magnetic resonance data, the circular dichroism spectra
      are interpreted to indicate that the region of the peptide ring near the
      disulfide occurs in at least two different conformations. One of the side-chain
      carboxamides, probably that of asparagine, appears to be intramolecularly
      associated rather than freely exposed to solvent.

PMID- 952845
TI  - Membrane surface properties other than charge involved in cell separation by
      partition in polymer, aqueous two-phase systems.
AB  - When aqueous solutions of dextran and of poly-(ethylene glycol) are mixed above
      certain concentrations, immiscible, liquid two-phase systems are obtained which
      are useful for separating cells by partition. Some salts partition unequally
      between the phases, giving rise to an electrostatic potential difference between
      them. Partition of cells has therefore been thought to depend predominantly on
      membrane charge. We now report two instances in which membrane charge either does
      not determine or is not the main determinant of cell partition. (A) Cell
      partition coefficients in phase systems approaching the critical point (the
      component concentrations below which a homogeneous solution occurs) increase,
      even in phase systems in which the phase potential difference is practically
      zero. Furthermore, in such systems, the partition coefficient of (human)
      erythrocytes is not reduced by complete removal of sialic acid. (B) Rat and mouse
      erythrocytes have sizable partition coefficients in a phase system away from the
      critical point with no potential difference between the phases. Cell surface
      interaction with the polymers is probably responsible for cell partition in these
      cases. Partition studies on erythrocytes from nine mammalian species in phases
      near the critical point with and without electrostatic potential differences
      reveal major species-specific differences in the membrane charge/noncharge
      components. A correlation has been found, in phases near the critical point that
      have essentially no electrostatic potential difference, between partition
      coefficient and the ratio of poly/monounsaturated fatty acids in the membranes of
      red cells from different species. Our present results thus provide parameters for
      the separation of cells by partition in addition to or instead of membrane charge
      depending on the polymer and salt composition and concentration selected.

PMID- 952846
TI  - Ligand-induced polymerization.
AB  - Three models of ligand-induced polymerization are considered, encompassing
      dimerization of acceptor-ligand complex and cross-linking of monomer units via a
      ligand bridge to form either dimer or linear chains. For each model a binding
      equation is developed and examined in terms of limits, form, and intersection
      within a family of curves, each member constructed with fixed but different total
      acceptor concentration. The characteristics of the binding curves that emerge are
      correlated with those found by examining the dependence on ligand concentration
      of either the weight-average molecular weight of the acceptor constituent or a
      function of it. In the latter plots, a maximum exists for the cross-linking
      models at the same ligand concentration that the corresponding binding curves
      intersect: the existence of the maximum implies that at saturating concentrations
      of ligand only monomeric acceptor constituent remains. The practical implication
      of these findings is discussed in terms of experimental systems reported
      previously in the literature. In addition, particular comment is made on the
      forms of binding curves for the three models, which assume shapes generally
      associated with positive and negative cooperativity. Finally, comparison is made
      with those systems in which a shift toward polymeric constituent is effected by
      ligand perturbation of a preexisting association equilibrium.

PMID- 952847
TI  - Chromatic models. Interactions between DNA and polypeptides containing L-lysine L
      valine: circular dichroism and thermal denaturation studies.
AB  - The interaction of calf thymus DNA with statistical copolymers of L-lysine and L
      valine [poly(L-Lys100f-Lvalf)] and block copolymers [poly(L-Lys)100f-poly(L
      Val)f] were investigated as a function of ionic strength using circular dichroism
      (CD) spectroscopy. It was found that valine suppresses the ability of the
      copolymer-DNA complexes to yield a psi-type CD spectra as found for poly(L-Lys)
      DNA [Jordan, C.F., Lerman, L.S., and Venable, J.N. (1972), Nature (london), New
      Biol. 236, 67] and lowers the ionic strength at which CD distortion occurs.
      Thermal denaturation, simultaneously monitoring 280-nm ellipticity, [theta]280,
      and hyperchromicity, h280, was carried out on annealed complexes of poly(L-Lys)
      DNA, poly(L-Lys84.5-L-Val15.5)-DNA, poly(L-Lys)87.2-poly(L-Val)12.8-DNA,  and
      directly mixed complexes of poly(L-Lys)-DNA, IN 2.5 X 10(-4) MEDTA, pH 7.0
      solution. The CD denaturation of uncomplexed DNA at several ionic strengths was
      also determined to examine pre-melting. Despite the inability of both statistical
      and block copolymers of L-Lys and L-Val to form psi-type complexes with DNA, they
      bind as well to DNA as does poly(L-Lys) and give rise to a thermal denaturation
      pattern showing bound peaks between 90 and 100 degrees C, seen clearly with CD
      denaturation. The thermal denaturation of mixed and annealed complexes of poly(L
      Lys)-DNA shows similar patterns in hyperchromicity changes as a function of
      temperature but very different CD melts. From the CD melt of annealed poly(L-Lys)
      DNA, it appears that aggregation and long-range order of the complex are
      significant in low salt (2.5 X 10(-4) MEDTA) as well as in 1.0 M NaCl. These
      studies further illustrate the importance of the nature of nonionic interactions
      (hydrophobic) between polypeptides and DNA in determining the behavior of their
      complexes, such as causing condensation into higher order asymmetric structures.
      In light of these observations, the possible significance to the CD melting of
      chromatin and the validity of identification of C-form DNA by CD spectroscopy are
      discussed.

PMID- 952848
TI  - Angular scattering analysis of the circular dichroism of biological cells. 1. The
      red blood cell membrane.
AB  - A quantitative interpretation of the distorted circular dichroism spectrum of red
      blood cell membranes is presented including the effects of the intense small
      angle scattering and light detection geometry of our spectrophotometers.
      Corrected spectra have been obtained by nondestructive methods which correspond
      to an in situ membrane protein conformation of 45% alpha helix, 10% beta sheet,
      and a conformational precision of better than +/- 10%. Forward scattering
      calculations which neglect the small angle scattering collected by conventional
      phototube acceptance angles are shown to be unsuitable for red cell membranes.
      Ultraviolet refractive index dispersion has been estimated for the membranes
      together with an evaluation of the sensitivity of the calculated spectrum to this
      variable. Angular scattering and circular dichroism calculations are extended to
      two alternative models for the location of hemoglobin in "pink ghosts", and it is
      indicated that this approach might help in resolving the question whether
      residual hemoglobin is in solution inside the ghost, or is part of its membrane.

PMID- 952849
TI  - Calculation of absolute rates of RNA synthesis, accumulation, and degradation in
      tobacco callus in vivo.
AB  - Uptake and incorporation data were used to calculate an absolute rate of
      ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis by assuming that incorporation of radioactive
      nucleosides into RNA was a first-order function of the nucleoside triphosphate
      cellular pool. Homogenized tissue was separated into an RNA and cellular pool
      fraction. Methods were developed to directly measure the specific radioactivity
      of specific nucleosides in each fraction. Exogenous [3H]uridine was taken up by
      the cells, converted to I[3H]uridine triphosphate ([3H]UTP) and [3H]cytidine
      triphosphate ([3H]CTP), and incorporated into RNA. All of the radioactivity in
      RNA was contained in either uridine or cytidine. The average rate of RNA
      synthesis (20 mg of RNA (g of RNA)-1h-1) was calculated from changes in the
      specific radioactivity of uridine or cytidine in RNA and UTP or CTP in the pool.
      Since ribosomal RNA does not turn over in exponentially growing tissue, its rate
      of synthesis was measured (14 mg g-1h-1) and compared with the rate of
      accumulation of RNA (12 mg g-1h-1). The similarity between ribosomal RNA
      synthesis and total RNA accumulation confirmed the assumption that these methods
      measured an absolute rate of RNA synthesis.

PMID- 952850
TI  - Angular scattering analysis of the circular dichroism of biological cells. 2. The
      red blood cell.
AB  - A detailed interpretation of the grossly distorted ultraviolet absorption and
      circular dichroism spectra of the intact red blood cell is given, including an
      evaluation of the effects of protein conformation, detector geometry, cell
      hemoglobin content, and refractive index on the calculated cell spectra. The
      origins of the major differences between cell and hemoglobin solution spectra
      were quantitatively accounted for in terms of differential scatter and absorption
      flattening, with the latter effect dominating the picture. The relatively low
      sensitivity of the red blood cell suspension circular dichroism spectrum to
      hemoglobin conformation is due to the order of magnitude flattening of circular
      dichroism intensity. The importance of accounting for instrumental light
      detection geometry and the intense small angle scattering (less than 8 degrees)
      for a range of particle sizes (0.1-5 mum) is made clear.

PMID- 952851
TI  - Intramitochondrial localization and proposed metabolic significance of serine
      transhydroxymethylase.
AB  - Serine transhydroxymethylase is a latent enzyme of intact rat liver mitochondria.
      The enzyme is neither solubilized by the selective removal of the outer membrane
      with digitonin, nor inactivated by concentrations of diazobenzenesulfonate that
      do not penetrate the inner membrane, but that do inhibit solubilized serine
      transhydroxymethylase. Swelling of mitochondria was studied in isoosmotic
      solutions of substrates under conditions that would define transport as neutral
      uniport, anion-hydroxyl exchange, anion-anion exchange, or electrophoretic. L
      Serine and glycine appear to be rapidly taken up by a nonelectrophoretic uniport
      mechanism, while folate and tetrahydrofolate are not tranported. The results
      localize the enzyme in the matrix and indicate that the latent activity results
      from a lack of tetrahydrofolate transport across the inner membrane. Based on
      these results, the dual localization of serine transhydroxymethylase in the
      mitochondria and the cytosol is proposed to provide a one-carbon shuttle system
      to link one-carbon metabolism in the two-cellular compartments.

PMID- 952852
TI  - Amyloid A: amphipathic helixes and lipid binding.
AB  - Polypeptide segments, composed of alpha helixes with specific surface topography
      termed amphipathic helixes, have been proposed as the basic lipid-associating
      domains of apolipoproteins from the plasma lipoproteins. A computer search for
      proteins having sequences that could form amphipathic helixes indicated that
      amyloid A, a pathologically occurring protein usually associated with "secondary"
      amyloidosis, also contained amphipathic helixes. In studies reported here,
      amyloid A is shown to associate spontaneously with phospholipid vesicles with the
      following results: (a) the formation of a protein-lipid complex isolated by
      equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation, (b) a 100% increase in alpha
      helicity as measured by circular dichroism, (c) a 9-nm shift in the fluorescence
      maximum due to the single tryptophan residue located in the amphipathic region,
      indicating the tryptophan is moving from a polar to a nonpolar environment, and
      (d) the formation of stacked disk-like protein-lipid complexes as visualized by
      negative stain electron microscopy. The temperature dependence of the circular
      dichroic spectrum of the amyloid A-phospholipid complex suggests that the complex
      is formed by insertion of protein between the fatty acyl chains of the lipid.
      These findings suggest that the amphipathic helix is an important structural unit
      in lipid-associating proteins and that this unit can be recognized on the basis
      of its amino acid sequence. In addition, these studies have implications for the
      origin and function of amyloid A protein.

PMID- 952853
TI  - Effects of pressure upon the fluorescence of the riboflavin binding protein and
      its flavin mononucleotide complex.
AB  - The effect of pressure in the range of 10(-3)-10 kbars upon the ultraviolet
      fluorescence of the riboflavin binding protein and the fluorescences of its
      complex with flavin mononucleotide has been studied. The fluorescence spectrum of
      the isolated protein showed a reversible red shift of 12nm (1000 cm-1) at high
      pressure, indicating the reversible exposure of the tryptophan to solvent. From
      the pressure dependence of the visible fluorescence of the protein-flavin complex
      in the region of 1-4 kbars the volume change in dissociation of the protein
      ligand complex was estimated to be +3.3ml/mol. A very sharp increase in
      fluorescence-up to 30-fold of the low-pressure value-takes place in the region 5
      8 kbars. This increase is due to release of the flavin from the complex and is
      assigned to pressure denaturation of the protein. The midpoint, rho 1/2, of this
      transition was found at 6.5  kbars and the change in volume, delta, in the
      reaction (native-to-denatured) was calculated to be -74ml/mol. Addition of up to
      30% methanol results in a progressive decrease both in delta and rho 1/2, in
      agreement with the concept that hydrophobic bonding stabilizes the native
      structure.

PMID- 952854
TI  - Purification and characterization of the agglutinins from the sponge Axinella
      polypoides and a study of their combining sites.
AB  - The hemagglutinins from the sponge Axinella polypoides were isolated by affinity
      chromatography using Sepharose 4B as an absorbent and eluting with DGal. Further
      separation on DEAE-cellulose and preparative disc electrophoresis on
      polyacrylamide and agarose gave three fractions. The physicochemical properties
      and binding specificities of the two main agglutinins were studied. Homogeneity
      was tested by polyacrylamide electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis and by
      sedimentation analysis. In isoelectric focusing, agglutinin I (mol wt 21 000)
      showed two bands at pH 3.8 and 3.9. Agglutinin II (mol wt 15 000) showed one band
      at pH 3.9. Both agglutinins have a carbohydrate content of about 0.5%, are
      immunochemically unrelated, and differ in amino acid composition. Both
      precipitate A1, A2, B, Lea, and precursor I blood group substances but to
      different extents. Inhibition experiments revealed that both agglutinins are
      inhibited best by terminal nonreducing DGal glycosidically linked beta 1 leads to
      6 or by p-nitrophenyl-betaDGal. DGal and DFuc are equally active but about 20 and
      12 times less active with agglutinin I and agglutinin II, respectively. DGalNAc
      and LFuc were inactive even at much higher concentrations. Both agglutinins have
      similar specificities and react with the immunodominant determinants of blood
      group B and Lea but not with A and H substances; in A and H substances,
      reactivity is with side chains in which beta-linked DGal is unsubstituted at the
      nonreducing terminus. The Axinella polypoides lectins are compared with galactose
      specific lectins of different origin and with the aggregation factor system is
      sponges.

PMID- 952855
TI  - Transcription of isolated mouse liver chromatin.
AB  - Analysis of RNA transcription from isolated mouse liver chromatin has been
      undertaken by means of RNA-excess hybridizations with small amounts of
      radioactive DNA. This analysis indicates that mouse liver chromatin is a
      restricted template for the in vitro synthesis of RNA complements to repetitive
      DNA, but more RNA species are synthesized than are found in the RNA isolated from
      mouse liver nuclei. Extraction with 0.5 M NaC1 destroys the template restriction
      of isolated chromatin. RNA synthesized in vitro from DNA or chromatin templates
      by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, as well as in vivo mouse liver nuclear RNA,
      were each hybridized to 125I-labeled DNA of high, intermediate, or low
      reiteration frequency. Chromatin-primed and nuclear RNA saturate a smaller
      portion of each DNA fraction than does DNA-primed RNA. However, chromatin-primed
      RNA  saturates more high and low reiteration frequency DNA than does nuclear RNA.
      Simultaneous hybridization of nuclear-and chromatin-primed RNA with 125I-labeled
      DNA indicates that chromatin-primed RNA contains all of the sequences present in
      nuclear RNA. Extraction of chromatin with 0.5 MNaC1 leads to removal of histone
      F1, as well as a wide variety of non-histone proteins. When used as a template
      for in vitro RNA synthesis, such salt-extracted chromatin produced RNAs that
      hybridize as large a portion of each DNA fraction  as does DNA-primed RNA.

PMID- 952856
TI  - Effect of histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins on the transcription of
      histone genes from HeLaS3 cell DNA.
AB  - To elucidate the manner in which histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins
      interact to render histone genes transcribable in HeLa S3 cells, we have examined
      transcription of histone mRNA sequences from DNA, as well as from several DNA
      chromosomal protein complexes. Histone mRNA sequences were assayed by
      hybridization to a 3H-labeled single-stranded DNA complementary to histone mRNAs.
      Our results indicate that DNA is an effective template for transcription of
      histone mRNA sequences and that histones by themselves inhibit transcription from
      DNA, including transcription of histone genes, in a dose-dependent, nonspecific
      manner. When complexed with DNA alone, nonhistone chromosomal proteins do not
      affect the transcription of histone mRNA sequences. However, when associated with
      DNA in the presence of histones, nonhistone chromosomal proteins are capable of
      selectively rendering histone genes transcribable. These results suggest a
      possible role for nonhistone chromosomal proteins in mediating the interactions
      of histones with DNA to render histone genes transcribable.

PMID- 952857
TI  - Activation of in vitro histone gene transcription from Hela S3 chromatin by S
      phase nonhistone chromosomal proteins.
AB  - Using a 3H-labeled single-stranded complementary DNA probe for detection of
      histone mRNA sequences (Thrall, CL., Park, WD., Rashba, HW., Stein, JL.,Mans,
      RJ., and Stein, GS.(1974), biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 61,1443) we have found
      that histone genes are transcribed in vitro from chromatin isolated from S-phase
      HeLa cells but not from chromatin isolated from G1-phase cells (Stein, G., Park
      W., Thrall, C., Mans, R., and Stein, J. (1975a), Nature (London) 2578 764; Stein,
      G., Park, W., Thrall, C., Mans, R., Steins, J.(1975b), Biochem. Biophys. Res.
      Commun. 63, 945). Utilizing the technique of chromatin reconstitution, we have
      recently demonstrated that it is the nonhistone chromosomal protein portion of
      the genome that is responsible for this  difference in in vitro histone gene
      expression (Stein et al., 1975a). In order to determine whether this is
      attributable to some component of the S-phase chromosomal proteins that promotes
      the transcriptin of histone genes, a component of the G1 phase chromosomal
      proteins that inhibits histone gene transcription, or both, in the present study
      chromatin from both G1 and S-phase cells was dissociated and then reconstituted
      in the presence of various chromosomal proteins. The results of this study
      confirm that it is the nonhistone chromosomal proteins that are responsible for
      the cell cycle stage specific differences in in vitro histone gene expression and
      further show that these differences can be accounted for by a component or
      components of the S-phase nonhistone chromosomal proteins that has the capacity,
      when reconstituted in the presences of G1 phase chromatin, to render the histone
      genes transcribable in a dose-dependent fashion.

PMID- 952858
TI  - Ethidium bromide as a probe of conformational heterogeneity of DNA in chromatin.
      The role of histone H1.
AB  - The accessibility and the tertiary structure of the DNA inside chromatin were
      studied by using ethidium bromide (EB) as a fluorescent probe. The exclusion
      model of binding was refined by introductina a parameter alpha (0less than alpha
      less than 1) which measures the accessibility of the DNA and by taking into
      account when necessary the existence of two sets of binding sites. We were thus
      able to fit predicted and experimental isotherms and then to describe completely
      EB binding to native or partially histone depleted chromatin under various
      conditions. Itn native chromatin 95% of the DNA (alpha = 0.95) appears to be
      accessible to EB but two sets of sites are present. The first one corresponds to
      alpha = 0.13 and is characterized by an affinity constant which is higher by two
      orders of magnitude than that relative to pure DNA. The second set corresponds to
      alpha = 0.82 and the corresponding binding constant is only  three or four times
      lower than that of pure DNA. The sites with high affinity are still present after
      treatment with formaldehyde but disappear after removal of histon H1. By
      comparison with chromatin treated with deoxycholate of with artifical complexes
      between H1 and DNA, high affinity sites were found only when all of the histons
      are bound to DNA. An alpha value around 0.8 is still obtained in 1 M NaC1 treated
      chromatin, pointing to the fact that histones H3 and H4 are preventing 20% of the
      DNA to intercalate EB.

PMID- 952859
TI  - Removal of histone H1 exposes a fifty base pair DNA segment between nucleosomes.
AB  - Micrococcal nuclease has been used to prepare chromatin from HeLa cells and to
      probe the structure of HeLa chromatin under various ionic conditions and after
      the removal of chromatin proteins by salt extraction. The results suggest that
      (1) HeLa chromatin DNA exists as 150-160 base pair beads interspersed with 40-50
      base pair bridges;(2) the bead and bridge conformation exists at physiologic salt
      concentrations; and (3) removal of histone H1 renders the 40-50 base pair bridge,
      but not the 150-160 base pair bead, more nuclease susceptible.

PMID- 952860
TI  - Comparative orientation of the fluorene residue in native DNA modified by N
      acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene and two 7-halogeno derivatives.
AB  - Native calf thymus DNA was reacted with N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO
      AAF) and its 7-fluoro and 7-iodo derivatives. Different ways of purification of
      the fluorene modified DNA samples were checked in order ot obtain a nucleic acid
      free from all noncovalently bound fluorene residues. The decrease in melting
      temperature in DNA samples modified by N-AcO-AAF(DNA-AAF) was carefully
      reinvestigated. From these experiments, we conclude that the melting temperature
      decrease is equal to 1.15 degree C per percent of modified bases, in DNA-AAF
      samples. Electric dichroism measurements on sonicated DNA samples modified by the
      different fluorene derivatives show the fluorene ring perpendicular to the helix
      axis in the case of the N-AcO-AAF and its fluoro derivative, and lying alone the
      phosphate-sugar backbone in the case of the iodo derivative. The results
      presented in this paper, along with those obtained earlier, led us to propose an
      "insertion-denaturation model" for the mode of binding of N-Aco-AAF and its
      fluoro derivative, and an "outside binding model" for the iodo derivative.
      Discrepancies with the data obtained by Chang et al.((1974) Biochemistry 13,2142
      2148) concerning the melting temperature decrease and the electric dichroism
      results are observed and discussed.

PMID- 952861
TI  - Backbone conformational change in the A to B Transition of deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - Infrared linear dichroism studies of A-and B-DNA films reveal six bands between
      2800 and 3000 cm-1 which must arise from deoxyribose and thymine methyl CH
      stretching motions. The band at 2890 is perpendicularly polarized in A-DNA but
      parallel polarized in B-DNA. This band most probably originates in the C'(5)H2
      symmetric stretch; the polarization flip is consistent with the structural change
      occurring at C'(5) during the A to B transition, according to models derived from
      x-ray work.

PMID- 952862
TI  - Accumulation and decay of messenger ribonucleic acid in mouse kidney.
AB  - The stability of polyadenylated messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) from cytoplasmic
      structures sedimenting faster than 40S was analyzed in normal mouse kidney.
      Incorporation of radioactivity into poly(A)-containing and poly(A)-lacking
      cytoplasmic RNAs separated by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography was determined
      after sedimentation of RNA IN SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE CONTAINING  SUCROSE DENSITY
      GRADIENTS. Radioactivity accumulated in poly(A)-containing RNA during the first 6
      h and then decayed exponentially. Beginning 8-12h after administering label, two
      components were evident in the decay curve of poly(A)-containing RNA; the short
      lived component (approximately 57% of newly synthesized molecules) had an
      apparent half-life of 6h, and the second class (approximately 43% of new mRNA)
      was more stable, decaying with a 24-h half-life. These studies provide the basis
      for examining the regulation of mRNA stability during compensatory renal
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 952863
TI  - The allosteric effect of inositol hexasulfate on oxygen binding by hemoglobin.
AB  - Myoinositol hexasulfate (IHS) is a powerful allosteric effector of oxygen binding
      by hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin at the same site as 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate (DPG) and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) with an affinity which
      is intermediate between that of the two phosphate esters. The binding constant
      calculated from the displacement of the oxygenation curve in the presence of low
      concentrations of IHS is 0.9X10(6) M. The value obtained directly from the number
      of protons bound as a function of IHS concentration is 1.0X10(6) M. The agreement
      between these two independent measurements provides an experimental verification
      of the empirical equation, relating the oxygen affinity to the binding constants,
      proposed previously (Benesch, R.E., Benesch, R., Renthal, R and Gratzer, W.B.
      (1971), Nature (London), New Biol. 2348 174).

PMID- 952864
TI  - Conformational aspects of the interaction of polyanions with liganded beta chains
      of human hemoglobin.
AB  - The interaction of carbon monoxide beta chains with two allosteric effectors,
      namely inositol hexaphosphate and benzenehexacarboxylate, was studied. The
      sedimentation coefficient (s20,w) of the liganded beta chains was measured to be
      the same both in the presence and absence of the two effectors suggesting that
      the protein exists as a tetramer under the conditions of our titration and
      optical studies. The binding of benzenehexacarboxylate to the liganded beta
      chains was investigated by potentiometric titration in the pH range 6.7-8.0. The
      results at pH 7.4 showed a binding of 2 mol of benzenehexacarboxylate per
      tetramer, with an association constant of 1.26 X 10(4) 1. mol-1 at 20 degrees C.
      The Hill coefficient for the binding was determined to be 0.73. Similar
      experiments on the interaction of inositol hexaphosphate with the beta chains
      showed a binding of 2 mol of the effector per tetramer with identical Hill
      coefficient (0.737) and comparable association constants (0.88 X 10(4)1. mol-1).
      The value below unity of the Hill coefficient, found for the binding of the two
      effectors to the protein, probably reflected an anticooperativity produced by the
      different net electric charges of the free protein and the protein-effector
      complex. The difference in protons bound per mole of heme by the beta subunits in
      the presence and absence of benzenehexacarboxylate appeared consistent with the
      proposal that two groups per chain changed their pK from 6.6 to 7.4 upon the
      interaction. In the presence of benzenehexacarboxylate, the protonation of these
      groups appeared to be cooperative, suggesting a conformational change of the
      protein upon the binding. The absorption spectra of carbon monoxide beta chains
      in the Soret region was markedly altered by benzenehexacarboxylate and inositol
      hexaphosphate. The features in the difference spectra of the protein obtained
      with the two effectors were qualitatively identical and indicated changes in the
      heme environment produced by the interaction of the effectors with the beta
      chains. Concomitant changes in circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion
      of the liganded beta chains caused by the addition of the two effectors provided
      supporting evidence for the conformational change in the protein produced by the
      binding of the effectors.

PMID- 952865
TI  - Anomalous azide binding to metmanganomyoglobin.
AB  - The reaction of metmanganomyoglobin (MnIIIMb) with azide presents a novel pattern
      with direct evidence for kinetic complexity. Although the kinetic analysis may
      not be unique, it appears that the azide complex cannot be fully formed, as
      judged by spectrophotometric changes, even with an infinitely great [N3-]. This
      is interpreted as resulting from an equilibrium between the final
      spectroscopically observable azide complex and an intermediate species whose
      spectrum is not substantially different from that of MnIIIMb itself. The two
      forms of the azide complex appear to exhibit roughly equal proportions at 3
      degrees C. We propose that this intermediate is a weak Mn3+ -azide complex in
      which the metal ion remains out-of-plane toward the imidazole of the proximal
      histidine, but that the metal lies toward the anion in the "final" complex.

PMID- 952866
TI  - Reinvestigation of some physicochemical and chemical properties of human
      ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase).
AB  - The original molecular weight determinations and hydrodynamic data on
      ceruloplasmin have later been contradicted by crystallographic and other
      investigations. In order to arrive at the correct copper stoichiometry of the
      protein we have undertaken a careful reinvestigation of some aspects of the
      physical chemistry and chemistry of ceruloplasmin with particular attention
      directed towards molecular weight and copper content. Human ceruloplasmin form I
      (the major form) was isoalted from fresh normal or retroplacental serum by a
      procedure designed to avoid proteolysis. The molecular weight of the protein,
      determined by meniscus depletion sedimentation equilibrium, was found to be 134
      000+/-3 000. The sedimentation coefficient (7.25 S) and diffusion coefficient
      (4.46 10(-7) cm2/s) are consistent with this molecular weight. The frictional
      ratio calculated from these data, 1.41, and the observed intrinsic viscosity of
      4.5 ml/g indicate that ceruloplasmin has a slightly more extended shape than a
      typical globular protein. This might at least partly be ascribed to its
      carbohydrate moiety. The amino acid composition, carbohydrate composition, and
      copper content of ceruloplasmin were determined. The copper content of several
      preparations varied between 6.0 and 6.6 atoms per mol. The copper stoichiometry
      of ceruloplasmin is discussed.

PMID- 952867
TI  - Protein kinase associated with tubulin: affinity chromatography and properties.
AB  - Rat brain tubulin purified by colchicine-agarose affinity chromatography contains
      protein kinase activity. The kinase activity can be separated completely from
      tubulin by chromatography on casein columns and is not subsequently retained by
      colchicine affinity columns. Protein kinase activity associated with purified
      tubulin does not correlate with the total content of protein kinase activity in
      brain homogenates, since microtubules isolated from 48 000g fetal brain
      supernatants contain twice as much protein kinase activity than adult
      microtubules, although the total protein kinase activity is twice as high in the
      48 000g adult supernatant. The protein kinase of tubulin preparations, while
      corresponding to a different molecule than tubulin, is probably not simply the
      result of contamination. These observations are interpreted in terms of specific
      associations between protein kinase and tubulin complexes. The protein kinase
      tubulin association may be an important determinant in the regulation of tubulin
      function. Fetal tubulin polymerizes twice as well as adult tubulin in the absence
      of glycerol at the same tubulin concentration. The preferred substrate for the
      protein kinase either in vivo or in vitro (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C) is a specific
      high-molecular-weight protein, distinct from tubulin, which copurifies with
      tubulin through different kinds of isolation procedures (i.e., colchicine
      affinity chromatography and ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by
      diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography). The tubulin-associated protein
      kinase is completely dependent on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Km=10(-7)M), as
      demonstrated by the complete suppression of activity upon addition of the protein
      kinase modulator, a well-known specific inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein
      kinases

PMID- 952868
TI  - Dental phosphoprotein-induced formation of hydroxylapatite during in vitro
      synthesis of amorphous calcium phosphate.
AB  - (Ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid soluble phosphoproteins were isolated from
      rat incisor and bovine unerupted teeth. This material was examined for its effect
      on the stability of amorphous calcium phosphate in vitro. When the precipitation
      of amorphous calcium phosphate was attempted in the presence of small amounts of
      these phospho-proteins, an apatite-like mineral was observed to form, which was
      approximately 60% crystalline, as determined by infrared measurements. This
      apatite phase could not be induced by addition of phosphoprotein after the
      precipitation reaction. The organic phosphate bound to these phosphoproteins was
      shown to be directly responsible for the formation of the apatite phase, since
      removal of 60% of the covalently bound phosphate with alkaline phosphatase
      destroyed the protein's ability to induce hydroxylapatite formation. The
      properties of the dental phosphoproteins appear to be consistent with their
      possible involvement in the development of the mineral phase of dentine.

PMID- 952869
TI  - Evidence against an acyl-enzyme intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by
      clostridial phosphotransacetylase.
AB  - Clostridial phosphotransacetylase catalyzes acyl group transfer between coenzyme
      A (CoA) and inorganic phosphate and also the arsenolysis of acetyl-coenzyme A
      (AcCoA) to yield acetate and CoA-SH. The enzyme mobility on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate electrophoresis corresponds to a molecular weight of 70 000. Kinetics of
      both forward and reverse reactions are of the ternary type as previously reported
      and product inhibition data are consistent with a random binding scheme. One
      essential sulfhydryl group per 70 000 daltons was inactivated in a pseudo-first
      order process by either N-ethylmaleimide or 5,5'-dithiobis (nitrobenzoic acid).
      Reduction of the rate of this inactivation by 50% in the presence of AcCoA or
      acetyl phosphate concentrations near their kinetic K values demonstrates binding
      of these acyl donors in simple enzyme-substrate complexes. Moreover, pulse-chase
      experiments show these binary complexes to be functional and also show that they
      do not dissociate rapidly compared with their rates of catalytic turnover.
      Incubation of the enzyme with 14C-labeled acyl donors failed to produce labeled
      protein after passage through Sephadex. This was true despite efforts to mimic
      "substrate synergism" with desulfo-CoA or to compensate for unfavorable
      equilibria by means of CoA traps. Very slow isotope exchange reactions of 32Pi
      into acetyl phosphate and [3H]CoA into AcCoA were at first observed. As in the
      cases of several other enzymes recently reexamined, these were shown on careful
      inspection to be artifacts of contamination by second substrates. Attempts to
      detect exchange reactions between acetyl phosphate and Pi, even in the presence
      of the CoA analogue, desulfo-CoA, were also unsuccessful. Therefore, no evidence
      for an acyl-enzyme could be detected. Furthermore, our data allow us to develop
      arguments which, we believe, indicate that an acyl-enzyme intermediate is
      extremely improbable in the reaction catalyzed by phosphotransacetylase.

PMID- 952870
TI  - Identification of the amatoxin-binding subunit of RNA polymerase B by affinity
      labeling experiments. Subunit B3-the true amatoxin receptor protein of multiple
      RNA polymerase B.
AB  - Crude calf thymus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RNA polymerase B (ribonucleoside
      triphosphate: RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6), was incubated with the
      tritium labeled, potent inhibitor [3H]amanin, in order to form the enzymatically
      inactive [3H]amanin-polymerase complex ([3H]A-P complex). Subsequent purification
      procedures for the [3H]A-P complex were based on radioactive assays.
      Phosphocellulose chromatography separated two radioactive components: PCI, the
      previously reported amatoxin binding protein, ABP (Brodner and Wieland, 1976),
      and PC II, the [3H]A-P complex. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the
      complex showed the presence of a new heavy band very close to subunit B 1 and a
      decreased intensity of subunit band B 3. These were the only differences noted in
      the subunit structure of RNA polymerase B. [3H]Amanin was covalently coupled to
      the enzyme, affinity labeling, by a water-soluble carbodiimide and the resultant
      conjugate submitted to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The profile of
      radioactivity showed one main peak (greater than 2000 cpm) coinciding with the
      550-nm absorption peak of subunit B 3 on a stained parallel gel. Since no other
      protein band contains any significant radioactivity, the binding site for
      [3H]amanin and most probably for all amatoxins is localized on the B 3 subunit SB
      3.

PMID- 952871
TI  - Chemical characterization and subunit structure of human N-acetylhexosaminidases
      A and B.
AB  - Human hexosaminidases A and B were purified from placentae, using two stages of
      affinity chromatography, to a high degree of purity. Each enzyme was purified
      5000-6000-fold, and isolated in 25-40% yield. Enzyme preparations appeared
      homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge and by acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Hexosaminidase A contained 1.65 residues of sialic acid per
      molecule, whereas no sialic acid was present in hexosaminidase B. The molecular
      weights of the A and B isozymes as determined by gel filtration and sedimentation
      equilibrium are 100 000 and 108 000, respectively. In 5 M guanidine-HCl each of
      the enzymes yielded a 50 000-dalton species, which can further be dissociated
      into 25 000-dalton polypeptide chains by reduction and alkylation. The
      hexosaminidase B yielded one type of polypeptide chain, denoted beta, whereas the
      product from hexosaminidase A could be separated by ion-exchange chromatography
      into two species of chains, denoted alpha and beta, in equal amounts. The amino
      acid compositions of the separated alpha and beta chains were determined, and
      were found to correlate well with those of the intact enzymes. These findings
      enable the construction of a plausible model for the molecular structure of both
      enzymes. According to this model hexosaminidase A is composed of two subunits
      alpha2 and beta2, in which the two polypeptide chains are linked by a disulfide
      bridge. The structure of hexosaminidase B is, in parallel, beta2beta2. The
      suggested model is discussed in view of the accumulated information about the
      interrelationships between hexosaminidase A and B and the genetic metabolic
      disorders with which they are involved.

PMID- 952872
TI  - Synergistic activation of adenylate cyclase by guanylyl imidophosphate and
      epinephrine.
AB  - A kinetic analysis of the synergistic activation of turkey erythrocyte adenylate
      cyclase by 1-catecholamines and guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) is
      described. We have found that the role of the catecholamine hormone is to
      facilitate the activation of the enzyme by the guanyl nucleotide according to the
      following mechanism: R-E+G=R-EG R-EG+H=HR-EG leads to HR-E''G where R is the
      receptor, E the enzyme, G the guanyl nucleotide effector, and H the hormone. The
      binding steps are fast and reversible but the conversion of the inactive enzyme E
      to its active stable form (E'') occurs with a rate constant of k=0.7 min-1. This
      step is essentially irreversible in the presence of high Gpp(NH)p concentrations.
      In the absence of beta-agonist (1-catecholamine) and at low free Mg2+
      concentrations, the activation of the enzyme is insignificant. At high Mg2+
      concentration the conversion of E to E'' occurs slowly in the absence of hormone,
      probably by another pathway. Thus, the presence of a guanyl nucleotide at the
      allosteric site is obligatory but not sufficient to induce the conversion of the
      inactive enzyme to its active form. The process of enzyme activation requires
      both Gpp(NH)p and hormone and under these conditions is essentially irreversible.
      The permanently active enzyme is stable in the absence of hormone and Gpp(NH)p
      and its high catalytic activity is stable for many hours. However, hormone and
      ATP induce a conversion of the high activity to the low activity form. Thus, it
      seems that both the process of enzyme activation by Gpp(NH)p and its reversal are
      hormone dependent. Both processes are blocked by the beta-blocker propranolol.

PMID- 952873
TI  - Affinity labeling of bovine colostrum galactosyltransferase with a uridine 5'
      diphosphate derivative.
AB  - The dialdehyde produced by the periodate cleavage of the ribose moiety of uridine
      5'-diphosphate (UDP) has been used as an affinity label for the UDP-galactose/UDP
      binding site of galactosyltransferase from bovine colostrum. This derivative
      causes progressive inactivation of galactosyltransferase at a rate dependent on
      its concentration, and under certain conditions is a competitive inhibitor with
      respect to UDP-galactose. The substrate UDP-galactose protects the enzyme from
      inactivation. The inactivation is also dependent on Mn2+ concentration in a range
      that implies that the binding of Mn2+ at site I is a prerequisite for the binding
      of the UDP derivative. The inactivation can be progressively reversed by
      nitrogenous bases, or stabilized by KBH4 reduction, which is consistent with the
      hypothesis that a Schiff base has formed with a lysine residue.
      Galactosyltransferase was inactivated with a [3H]UDP derivative and the
      predominant labeled peptide, from thermolysin digestion, isolated and
      characterized as: Ser-Gly-Lys-UDP.

PMID- 952874
TI  - A class of chromatin particles associated with nonhistone proteins.
AB  - Unfixed nucleoproteins may be banded isopycnically in metrizamide (2(3-acetamido
      5-N-methylacetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzamido)-2-deoxy-D-glucose) according to the
      protein/nucleic acid ratio. Unsheared or lightly sheared chromatin bands sharply
      (p=1.2 g/ml); it has a protein/DNA ratio of 1.4. Chromatin sheared by sonication
      to approximately 350 base pairs of DNA contains two components with
      protein/nucleic acid ratios of approximately 1.3 (p=1,185 g/ml) and 2 (p=1.245
      g/ml). When chromatin is digested exhaustively with staphylococcal nuclease, two
      density components are found, one with a protein/DNA ratio of 1.5 (p=1.21 g/ml),
      the other with a protein/DNA ratio of 2 (p=1.24 g/ml). In both instances the
      denser particle (p=1.24 g/ml) contains nearly all the nonhistone proteins, while
      both dense and light fractions contain histones in similar amounts. The base
      sequence complexity of DNA from the fractions is not distinguishable from that of
      total DNA and there is no evidence of any concentration of sequences
      complementary to polysomal polyadenylated RNA molecules.

PMID- 952875
TI  - Characterization of the association of specific proteins with messenger
      ribonucleic acid.
AB  - Isolation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-protein particles from cytosol or
      dissociated polyribosomes yielded complexes in which several proteins were
      consistently associated with mRNA. Some of the mRNA-associated proteins appeared
      to have a high affinity for mRNA since they remained complexed to mRNA during
      centrifugation in CsCl gradients. Quantitation of RNA and protein in
      polyribosomal mRNPs suggested that each molecule of mRNA bound a molecule of each
      of the two major proteins of 78 000 and 52 000 apparent molecular weights and/or
      one or more of several minor proteins found in mRNPs. Of the several mRNP
      proteins, only the protein of 78 000 apparent molecular weight appeared to form a
      stable complex with the polyriboadenylic acid [poly(A)]-tract of mRNA, suggesting
      that the remaining mRNA-associated proteins bind to other regions which may be
      common to many or all mRNAs. Binding of [3H]poly(A)-rich RNA to mRNP proteins was
      effectively inhibited by unlabeled poly(A)-rich RNA or the homopolymer
      polyriboguanylic acid [poly(G)], but not by poly(A) or other natural or synthetic
      mRNAs. The properties of non-poly(A)-dependent binding of mRNA by mRNP protein
      were similar to those of mRNA binding by the guanosine triphosphate dependent Met
      tRNAfMet-binding protein.

PMID- 952876
TI  - In vitro translation of globin: effect of proteins purified by affinity
      chromatography on polyadenylate-Sepharose.
AB  - By means of affinity chromatography on poly(adenylic acid) (poly(A))-fixed
      Sepharose, protein fractions having strong affinity to poly(A) were prepared from
      postribosomal supernatants of rabbit reticulocyte and rat liver. These fractions
      contained several proteins similar by electrophoretic analysis to rabbit globin
      messenger ribonucleoprotein. Protein fractions from both sources were shown to
      form ribonucleoprotein complexes with rabbit globin mRNA, and these complexes
      sedimented at the same rate as native globin messenger ribonucleoprotein. Binding
      of the proteins to RNA was not highly specific, since not only poly(A) but also
      other polynucleotides as poly(C) or poly(U) were bound to these proteins.
      Ribosomal RNAs, tRNA, or DNAs did not bind the proteins. In order to ascertain
      the function of the poly(A)-Sepharose purified proteins, their effects on
      translation of globin mRNA was studied in vitro. Addition of rabbit reticulocyte
      protein to globin mRNA resulted in no more than a slight stimulation of both
      alpha- and beta-chain synthesis. Poly(A)-Sepharose purified protein from rat
      liver, however, caused a marked preferential reduction of alpha-chain synthesis.
      These results showed that at least some proteins in the poly(A)-Sepharose
      purified proteins affect the translation of globin. This inference suggested a
      possibility that protein moiety in globin mRNP might be involved in control of
      globin synthesis.

PMID- 952877
TI  - The effect of various treatments in vitro and in vivo on the binding of 125I
      labeled anti-rat serum albumin Fab' to rat tissue polyribosomes.
AB  - A quantitative assay was developed to permit estimation of the relative amounts
      of albumin-synthesizing polyribosomes in rat liver. The polyribosomes
      synthesizing albumin were identified by their capacity to bind anti-RSA Fab'
      radiolabeled with 125I. The anti-RSA Fab'-binding sites occur on the nascent
      peptide chains attached to liver polyribosomes. These binding sites can be
      saturated by preincubation of the polyribosomes with large quantities of
      unlabeled anti-RSA Fab'. The iodinated antibody did not react with polyribosomes
      isolated from a tissue which does not synthesize rat serum albumin. Pretreatment
      of hepatic polyribosomes with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease resulted in a 42%
      enhancement of binding of anti-RSA Fab'. Pretreatment of these polyribosomes with
      detergents or various levels of Mg2+ did not significantly affect the specific
      binding of the iodinated antibody. Anti-RSA Fab' associated preferentially with
      membrane-bound polyribosomes when compared with free polyribosomes following
      their isolation from animals maintained either on a 90% or a 0% protein diet fed
      ad libitum. Binding of anti-RSA Fab' to each A260 unit of membrane-bound
      polyribosomes is from 2.4 to 27 times greater than to each A260 unit of free
      polyribosomes. However, each A260 unit of free polyribosomes was found to
      associate with 1.8 times more anti-RSA Fab' when compared with the "loosely
      bound" subclass of membrane-bound polyribosomes. Each A260 unit of the "tightly
      bound" subclass of membrane-bound polyribosomes reacted with 4.3 times as much
      antibody as compared with free polyribosomes. Polyribosomes isolated from the
      livers of rats sacrificed 6 h after treatment with actinomycin D showed a 42%
      reduction in their capacity to bind anti-RSA Fab'. Polyribosomes from rats
      sacrificed 2 h after treatment with actinomycin D showed no reduction in binding
      capacity. Free polyribosomes from three Morris hepatomas were capable of binding
      anti-RSA Fab' whereas the antibody would not associate with the membrane-bound
      polyribosomes of the same hepatomas. Thus the binding of 125I-labeled Fab'
      antibody molecules to polyribosomes is a useful technique for the subcellular
      localization of polyribosomes synthesizing specific proteins and for the
      estimation of the relative proportions of such polyribosomes.

PMID- 952878
TI  - Hormonal and nutritional effects on the binding of 125I-labeled anti-serine
      dehydratase Fab' to rat tissue polysomes.
AB  - With 125I-labeled Fab' specific for rat liver serine dehydratase it has been
      possible to localize polyribosomes synthesizing the enzyme under several
      different environmental conditions. Evidence is presented to show that, following
      the administration of amino acids in vivo, the relative synthetic capabilities of
      free and membrane-bound polyribosomes synthesizing serine dehydratase vary with
      time. Early during the period of induction of the enzyme by administration of
      amino acids or by feeding a high protein diet the majority of the newly
      synthesized enzyme is derived from membrane-bound polyribosomes. Later in the
      induction process an increasing proportion of the enzyme is synthesized by the
      free polyribosomes. Subcellular localization studies clearly show that serine
      dehydratase is synthesized by both subclasses of hepatic membrane-bound
      polyribosomes, the loose and tight membrane-bound polyribosomes, as well as by
      the free polyribosomes. It was found that the membrane-bound polyribosomes are
      the preferential sites of synthesis of the majority of serine dehydratase
      molecules in the Morris hepatomas 5123C and 7800. It is concluded that the
      synthesis of the enzyme, serine dehydratase, in rat liver is not discretely
      compartmentalized in either class of free or membrane-bound polyribosomes.
      Rather, the relative proportions of the serine dehydratase synthesizing
      polyribosomes within these two classes of polyribosomes can vary depending on the
      metabolic and physiologic state of the liver cell.

PMID- 952879
TI  - Preparation of inside-out vesicles of pig lymphocyte plasma membrane.
AB  - Between 30 and 50% of pig lymphocyte plasma membrane vesicles were not bound by
      concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose. Various results suggest that the Con A
      unretarded fraction represents "inside-out" membrane vesicles. First, an
      alternative cell surface ligand, anti-lymphocytic serum, gave a similar
      fractionation to Con A. Second, lack of binding by Con A was not due to lack of
      carbohydrate or to masking of carbohydrate by extraneous protein, because the
      unfractionated membrane and the unretarded fraction had similar carbohydrate and
      polypeptide compositions. Third although the carbohydrate of the unretarded
      membrane vesicles was accessible to 125I-labelled Con A and to release by soluble
      trypsin, it was not accessible to ferritin-Con A or trypsin-Sepharose. Fourth,
      antisera against the external surface of the Con A-unretarded vesicles strongly
      agglutinated the unretarded membrane, but caused negligible agglutination of
      whole lymphocytes. When attached to Sepharose these antisera bound all of the Con
      A-unretarded fraction, but failed to bind the membrane that adhered to Con A
      Sepharose.

PMID- 952880
TI  - High sensitivity amino acid sequence determination. Application to proteins
      eluted from polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - An automatic solid-phase procedure is described for determining the amino
      terminal amino acid sequence of very small quantities of proteins. The sample is
      covalently attached to an inert support so that mechanical and physical losses
      during sequencing are eliminated. High sensitivity is achieved by using an
      initial coupling with high specific activity phenyl [35S]isothiocyanate followed
      by a longer reaction with the unlabeled reagent. The radioactive
      phenylthiohydantoins are identified by autoradiography after two-dimensional thin
      layer chromatography. Unlabeled phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids are added to each
      fraction to assist in the identification and to act as carriers, hence reducing
      absorptive and extractive losses of the small quantities of sample. The method
      may be used on proteins eluted from polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl
      sulfate without removal of the detergent. Sequences of up to 20 residues have
      been obtained on quantities of protein ranging from 2.5 to 70 pmol. Results from
      proteins of hitherto unknown sequence are included.

PMID- 952881
TI  - Conformational properties of dinucleoside monophosphates in solution: dipurines
      and dipyrimidines.
AB  - In order to obtain information about the conformational features in a
      polyribonucleotide at the nearest neighbor level, detailed nuclear magnetic
      resonance studies of the dinucleoside monophosphates ApA, ApG, GpA, UpU, CpC,
      UpC, and CpU were undertaken. Proton spectra were recorded at 100, 220, 270, or
      300 MHz for D2O solutions, 0.01-0.03 M, pD 7.4 at 20+/-2 degrees C. Spectra of
      ApA, ApG, UpU, and UpC were also recorded in the temperature range of 70-90
      degrees C. Unambiguous signal assignments of all proton resonances were made with
      the aid of selectively deuterated dimers. Complete, accurate sets of nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters were derived for each nucleotidyl unit by
      simulation-iteration methods. A complete set of chemical shift and coupling
      constant data was also obtained for all the constituent monomeric units at a
      concentration and ionization state comparable to that of the dimers.
      Conformational properties were evaluated quantitatively for most of the bonds in
      the dinucleoside monophosphates using procedures developed in earlier studies.
      All of the dimers have a flexible conformational framework in aqueous solution.
      While flexibility is allowed and alternate conformations are accessible, these
      molecules nevertheless attempt to achieve conformational identity by showing
      preferences--sometimes overwhelming preferences--for certain orientations. Thus
      the ribose rings exist as equilibrium mixtures of C2'-endo in equilibrium C3'
      endo conformers with a bias for the C3'-endo pucker in most cases. The C4'-C5'
      bonds of both nucleotidyl units show significant preference (70-85%) for a gg
      conformation. Similarly, the dominant conformer (80-90%) about C5'-O5' is g'g'.
      Even though an unambiguous determination of the orientation about C3'-O3' cannot
      be made, there is suggestive evidence that the orientation of the 3' phosphate
      group is coupled to the ribose conformational equilibrium and it is likely that a
      3Eg- in equilibrium 2Eg+ equilibrium exists with a bias for the 3Eg- coupled
      conformation in which the H3'-C3'-O3'-P dihedral angle is about 34-38 degrees.
      The individual nucleotidyl units in the dimers differ in several key ways from
      corresponding monomer conformations. Specifically, the ribose equilibrium C2'
      endo in equilibrium C3'-endo shifts in favor of C3'-endo upon dimerization, the
      only exception being UpU. The C4'-C5' and C5'-O5' bonding network in the dimer
      forms a stable conformational unit and no correlation exists in the dimers
      between the conformational preference of this fragment and ribose conformer
      population. The temperature data for the dimers and dimerization data clearly
      indicate that the transition C2'-endo leads to C3'-endo is directly related to
      XCN changes brought about by dimerization and stacking...

PMID- 952882
TI  - Effect of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate on DNA synthesis in
      isolated HeLa cell nuclei.
AB  - 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate (ara-CTP) was found to be a
      competitive inhibitor of DNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from synchronized S
      phase HeLa S3 cells. The inhibition was reversed by dCTP. The main inhibitory
      effect was to reduce the rate of elongation of the primary DNA pieces from ara
      CTP-treated nuclei after a 60-s pulse was about 115-120 nucleotides vs. 215-220
      in control nuclei. A reduction in the frequency of initiation of primary DNA
      pieces probably also occurred. A slight inhibition of the transfer of labeled
      material from the primary pieces into high-molecular weight DNA was noted and
      probably arose from the fact that the reduced rate of growth of the primary
      pieces caused the critical size for ligation to be reached later. Synchronized
      HeLa S3 cells in suspension were treated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine
      for 2 h in S-phase to give a 99% inhibition of DNA synthesis prior to isolation
      of nuclei. Neither the rate nor the extent of [3H]TTP incorporation into DNA
      decreased when such nuclei were incubated in the absence of ara-CTP, but the rate
      of ligation of primary pieces was reduced.

PMID- 952883
TI  - Ligand interactions with the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica.
      Extensions of the allosteric model for cooperativity to half-of-site activity.
AB  - The solubilized acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica showed positive
      cooperativity in acetylcholine binding with a dissociation constant of 1.2 X 10(
      8) M. Blockade of acetylcholine binding by nicotine was competitive; blockade by
      d-tubocurarine appeared to result from an allosteric interaction that altered
      half of the acetylcholine binding sites to a lower affinity form; decamethonium
      blockade displayed properties of competitive and allosteric inhibition suggesting
      less specificity for decamethonium binding than seen with either nicotine or d
      tubocurarine. The d-tubocurarine inhibition data were evaluated by several
      possible models involving either differential competitive inhibition or
      allosteric inhibiton. The data were best described by the allosteric model.

PMID- 952884
TI  - Cholinergic sites in skeletal muscle. II. Interaction of an agonist and two
      antagonists with the acetylcholine site.
AB  - The equilibrium interactions of alpha-bungarotoxin, d-tubocurarine, and
      carbamylcholine with junctional and extrajunctional skeletal muscle acetylcholine
      receptors were examined. d-Tubocurarine is a competitive inhibitor of the
      bindings of alpha-bungarotoxin to the acetylcholine receptor. No substantive
      difference was observed in the association of d-tubocurarine with the junctional
      and extrajunctional receptors. In contrast, the carbamylcholine inhibition of
      toxin binding is not competitive. The data indicate that either the single set of
      alpha-bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine bindings sites contains two subsets of
      carbamylcholine sites or that the carbamylcholine binds in a cooperative manner
      to a single set of sites. In addition, the affinity of carbamylcholine for
      extrajunctional receptors may be higher than the affinity for junctional
      receptors.

PMID- 952885
TI  - Binding of chloromethyl ketone substrate analogues to crystalline papain.
AB  - Papain (EC 3.4.22.2) is a proteolytic enzyme, the three-dimensional structure of
      which has been determined by x-ray diffraction at 2.8 A resolution (Drenth, J.,
      Jansonius, J.N., Koekoek, R., Swen, H. M., and Wothers, B.G. (1968), Nature
      (London) 218, 929-932). The active site is a groove on the molecular surface in
      which the essential sulfhydryl group of cysteine-25 is situated next to the
      imidazole ring of histidine-159. The main object of this study was to determine
      by the difference-Fourier technique the binding mode for the substrate in the
      groove in order to explain the substrate specificity of the enzyme (P2 should
      have a hydrophobic side chain (Berger and Schechter, 1970) and to contribute to
      an elucidation of the catalytic mechanism. To this end, three chloromethyl ketone
      substrate analogues were reacted with the enzyme by covalent attachment to the
      sulfur atom of cysteine-25. The products crystallized isomorphously with the
      parent structure that is not the native, active enzyme but a mixture of oxidized
      papain (probably papain-SO2-) and papain with an extra cysteine attached to
      cysteine-25. Although this made the interpretation of the difference electron
      density maps less easy, it provided us with a clear picture of the way in which
      the acyl part of the substrate binds in the active site groove. The carbonyl
      oxygen of the P1 residue is near two potential hydrogen-bond donating groups, the
      backbone NH of cysteine-25 and the NH2 of glutamine-19. Valine residues 133 and
      157 are responsible for the preference of papain in its substrate splitting. By
      removing the methylene group that covalently attaches the inhibitor molecules to
      the sulfur atom of cysteine-25 we obtained acceptable models for the acyl-enzyme
      structure and for the tetrahedral intermediate. The carbonyl oxygen of the P1
      residue, carrying a formal negative charge in the tetrahedral intermediate, is
      stabilized by formation of two hydrogen bonds with the backbone NH of cysteine-25
      and the NH2 group of glutamine-19. This situation resembles that suggested for
      the proteolytic serine enzymes (Henderson, R., Wright, C. S., Hess, G. P., and
      Blow, D. M. (1971), Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 36, 63-70; Robertus, J.
      D., Kraut, J., Alden, R. A., and Birktoft, J. J. (1972b), Biochemistry 11, 4293
      4303). The nitrogen atom of the scissile peptide bond was found close to the
      imidazole ring of histidine-159, suggesting a role for this ring in protonating
      the N atom of the leaving group (Lowe, 1970). This proton transfer would be
      facilitated by a 30 degrees rotation of the ring around the C beta-Cgamma bond
      from an in-plane position with the sulfur atom to an in-plane position with the N
      atom. The possibility of this rotation is derived from a difference electron
      density map for fully oxidizied papain vs. the parent protein.

PMID- 952886
TI  - Studies on the intramolecular and intermolecular kinetic isotope effects in
      pyruvate carboxylase catalysis.
AB  - A deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 2.1 was observed when [2H3]pyruvate was
      used as the substrate for pyruvate carboxylase. The effect is on Vmax/Km alone
      and disappears at infinite substrate concentration. This is interpreted to mean
      that the slowest step in the overall catalysis is in the half-reaction involving
      the carboxylation of enzymebiotin by ATP and HCO3-. A tritium intramolecular
      isotope effect of 4.8 and an intermolecular effect of 1.2 were also observed. The
      former was interpreted as the isotope effect on the "effective kcat", while the
      latter the one on V max/Km. With these data, the rate constant for binding of
      pyruvate was estimated to be 4.5 X 10(6) M-1 min-1, and the deuterium kinetic
      isotope effect on the catalytic step to be 3.1. Relative values for various rate
      constants were also obtained. Fluoropyruvate was also shown to be a substrate,
      reacting six times slower. A deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 1.5 was
      observed, which remained even at infinite substrate concentration. This is
      interpreted to mean that the slowest step in the overall catalysis is now the
      carboxylation of fluoropyruvate.

PMID- 952887
TI  - Poly(2-aminoadenylic acid): interaction with poly(uridylic acid).
AB  - Poly(2-aminoadenylic acid) forms both double and triple helices with
      poly(uridylic acid) [poly(U)]. The 2-amino group forms a third hydrogen bond,
      elevating the 2 leads to 1 transition temperature by 33 degrees C. The third
      strand, however, has about the same stability as poly(A)-2poly(U), as measured by
      Tm 3 leads to 2. This selective stabilization of the two-stranded helix results
      in a much greater resolution of the differnt thermal transitions than that
      observed in analogous polynucleotide systems. In contrast to other A, U systems 3
      leads to 1 and 2 leads to 3 transitions are not observed under any conditions,
      and the triple helix always undergoes a 3 leads to 2 transition even at very high
      ionic strength. A 1:1 mixture of poly(2NH2A) and poly(U) exhibits no transient
      formation of 1:2 complex, unlike similar mixtures of poly(A) with poly(U) and
      poly(T). This difference is evidently due to a more rapid displacement reaction:
      [poly(2NH2A) + poly(2NH2A)-2poly(U) leads to 2 poly(2NH2A)-poly(U)] With
      poly(2NH2A) than with poly(A). We describe a method for establishing the
      combining ratios of polynucleotide complexes which used a computer to calculate
      the angles of intersection of mixing curves as explicit and continuous functions
      of the wavelength. The wavelength dispersions of the angles of intersection
      determine optimum wavelengths for establishing stoichiometry and can also provide
      reliable negative evidence that presumably plausible complexes are not formed.
      Analogous computer procedures have been developed to determine wavelengths which
      are selective for the formation of both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes. Infrared spectra
      of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes resemble those of other A, U homoribopolynucleotide
      helices in having two and three strong bands, respectively, in the region of
      carbonyl stretching vibrations. CD spectra of the two complexes are unusual in
      having negative first extrema of moderate intensity. We attribute these extrema
      to intrastrand interactions of strong, well-resolved transitions at 278 nm (B2u)
      of the 2-aminoadenine residues. The CD spectra are correlated with those of other
      polynucleotide helices.

PMID- 952888
TI  - Temperature dependence of the 31P chemical shifts of nucleic acids. A prode of
      phosphate ester torsional conformations.
AB  - The temperature dependence of the 31P chemical shifts of the ribodinucleoside
      monophosphates, ApA, GpC, CpC, UpU, and ApU, of the deoxyribonucleic acids, d
      ApT, TpT, d-ApA, and d-pApT, and of the homopolyribonucleic acids poly(G),
      poly(U), poly(A) is shown to provide information on the helix-coli transition in
      nucleic acids. The base stacked, helical structure with a gauche,gauche phosphate
      ester torsional conformation is 0.2-0.6 ppm upfield from the random coil
      conformation. In contrast, the 31P chemical shifts of dimethyl and diethyl
      phosphate do not change significantly with temperature. These results support our
      earlier hypothesis that 31P shifts are sensitive probes of torsional
      conformations with phosphate esters in gauche,gauche conformations having 31P
      shifts upfield from nongauche conformations.

PMID- 952889
TI  - Isolation and purification of hen oviduct protein synthesis initiation factors
      A2A and A2B.
AB  - Two initiation factors, IF-A2A and IF-A2B, required for protein synthesis in a
      fractionated system have been isolated from hen oviduct. These factors were
      obtained from a 0.5 M KCl extraction of a nuclear-microsomal fraction of the
      oviduct. The crude extract inhibited protein synthesis, but, following DEAE
      cellulose chromatography, activity was detected. Sephadex G-200 chromatography
      separated the activity into two active frations, A2A and A2B. These factors have
      been characterized with respect to their activities in polyphenylalanine
      polymerization at a low Mg2+ concentration, AUG- and GTP-dependent Met-tRNAf
      binding to 40S ribosomal subunits, the hydrolysis of GTP, and natural messenger
      ribonucleic acid (mRNA) dependent protein synthesis. In all of these systems A2A
      and A2B were able to substitute for rabbit reticulocyte M2A and M2B. The
      molecular weights of A2A and A2B have been estimated by gel filtration
      chromatography to be 280 000 and 23 000, respectively. Sedimentation analysis on
      sucrose gradients showed A2A to have a sedimentation coefficient of 5.2 S.
      Combining these data, the molecular weight of A2A was calculated to be 125 000.
      These values are similar to those for corresponding reticulocyte proteins.
      Finally, in the presence of added ovalbumin mRNA, A2A and A2B stimulated protein
      synthesis on non-salt-whashed hen oviduct and rabbit reticulocyte polysomes.
      Moreover, A2A- and A2B-dependent synthesis of ovalbumin was shown to occur on
      reticulocyte polysomes programmed with ovalbumin mRNA. This supports the
      conclusion that these factors are initiation factors for protein synthesis and
      not ribosomal structural proteins.

PMID- 952890
TI  - Digestion of RNA of chromatin and nuclear ribonucleoprotein by staphylococcal
      nuclease.
AB  - Following a 1-h [3H]uridine pulse of cells of a human colon carcinoma line, 15%
      of the radioactivity in heterogeneous nuclear RNA associated with both chromatin
      and nuclear ribonucleoprotein was not digested to acid soluble fragments during a
      2-h incubation with staphylococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7). These [3H]uridine
      labeled oligonucleotides were approximately 26 nucleotides in length. An RNA
      containing structure which sedimented no faster than 2 S could be isolated from
      the digests. Major and mino peptide species, of molecular weights 40 000 and 66
      000, respectively, were associated with this structure isolated from either
      chromatin or nuclear ribonucleoprotein. The results demonstrate that some protein
      of nuclear ribonucleoprotein is complexed with the transcript while it is still
      associated with chromatin.

PMID- 952891
TI  - Use of gel chromatography for the determination of the Stokes radii of proteins
      in the presence and absence of detergents. A reexamination.
AB  - In the course of a routine investigation of the complex between the erythrocyte
      membrane protein spectrin and sodium dodecyl sulfate, we observed a large
      discrepancy between the true Stokes radius (178 A, measured by hydrodynamic
      methods)  and the apparent value derived from gel chromatography (107 A). In
      attempting to resolve this discrepancy, we have experiments that indicate that
      all large asymmetric particles may be subject to a similar discrepancy; e.g.,
      native fibrinogne has a true Strokes radius of 108 A, whereas the value derived
      by column chromatography after calibration with globular proteins is only 71 A.
      The simplest interpretation is that end-on insertion of asymmetric particles into
      the gel pores contributes to their retardation. The phenomenon clearly limits the
      usefulness of gel chromatography as a quantitative measure of the hydrodynamic
      Stokes radius. Incidental data obtained in the course of this work indicate that
      spherical viruses may have weak chemical affinity for the porous gel.
      Chromatography of large proteins in the presence of detergents produced no
      effects ascribable to absorption of the detergents, but the results suggest a
      need for further  study of possible interaction between detergents and small gel
      pores.

PMID- 952892
TI  - Bovine milk acid phosphatase. III. Purification and characterisation of the
      enzyme.
AB  - The acid phosphatase of bovine milk has been purified by ion-exchange
      chromatography on Amberlite CG-50 resin followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration
      and further purification steps using CM-Sephadex C-50, cellulose phosphate and
      affinity chromatography on alphas1-casein-Sepharose. These gave an apparently
      homogeneous enzyme with a specific activity of about 30 I.U./mg which possessed a
      molecular weight of about 42000 and E1%1cm = 9.4 at 280 nm. Electrophoresis under
      dissociating conditions, gel filtration in a 6.6 M urea buffer and
      ultracentrifugal analysis in the presence of 6 M guanidine HCl and 0.1 M 2
      mercaptoethanol all gave molecular weight values close to 42000 indicating that
      the molecule was probably composed of a single polypeptide chain. The acid
      phosphatase was a glycoprotein with 2 mol/mol of galactose, 2 mol/mol of mannose
      and 4 mol/mol of glucosamine. Amino acid analysis showed that the enzyme was
      devoid of methionine.

PMID- 952893
TI  - Experimental allergic aspermatogenic orchitis. IV. Chemical properties of sperm
      glycoproteins isolated from guinea pig testes.
AB  - Of four glycoproteins isolated from guinea pig testes, two were aspermatogenic
      (types I and IV) and two (types II and III) were inactive. The glycoproteins were
      rich in carbohydrate, varying from 41.5% to 49.5% carbohydrate by weight. Each
      glycoprotein had a unique amino acid composition, but in general low levels of
      tyrosine, tryptophan, and basic amino acids were found along with relatively high
      contents of serine, threonine, glutamic acid, and proline. Types I and IV
      glycoproteins were remarkably stable; their aspermatogenic activity was not
      affected by urea, trypsin, or heating at 100 degrees C in water or in 1 M HCl for
      15 min. Carbohydrate analysis revealed little difference in the monosaccharide
      compositions of types I and IV glycoproteins, except that only the type I
      contained sialic acid. In contrast, types II and III glycoproteins lacked
      sialicacid and fucose and contained much less mannose. Both N-acetylglucosamine
      and N-acetylgalactosamine were present in all four glycoproteins, and they
      dominated in the types II and III. Fucose and at least 20-25% of the galactose
      appeared to occupy terminal positions in type IV glycoprotein as shown by their
      release after 15 min hydrolysis in 1 M HCl. All of the glycoproteins contained a
      relatively high percentage of galactose by weight, from 12.6 to 19.3%. The
      molecular weights of the glycoproteins were estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gel electrophoresis to be 47000, 105000 and 18000 respectively for the types I,
      II, and IV; type III glycoprotein showed two major bands, with molecular weights
      of 41500 and 22800. All the above molecular weight values are probably
      overestimated because of high carbohydrate content. The molecular weight of type
      IV glycoprotein was found to be 13000 by ultracentrifugation; a corrected value
      of 29000 was calculated for type I glycoprotein.

PMID- 952894
TI  - Comparative analysis of the nuclear basic proteins in rat, human, guinea pig,
      mouse and rabbit spermatozoa.
AB  - Cysteine-rich protamines (Arg = 47-61%, Cys = 8-16%) were isolated from the sperm
      of an individual guinea pig, human and rabbit and from pooled samples of mouse
      and rat sperm. Appreciable concentrations of histones were not found in the sperm
      nuclei of these species. In addition to the protamines, a substance of relatively
      low molecular weight, which reacted with the Lowry reagent, appeared in crude
      acid-soluble extracts of sperm nucleoprotein. This unidentified contaminent was
      resolved from the protamines by chromatography on Bio-Rex 70. Heterogeneity of
      human and mouse protamines was revealed by electrophoresis at pH 2.7, in the
      presence of 2.5 M urea, and confirmed by amino acid analysis, which also
      suggested the presence of 2 or more species of protamine in the rabbit. By
      contrast, the guinea pig and rat preparations displayed nearly stoichiometric
      ratios of amino acid residues, approaching homogeneity by this criterion. The
      functional consequences of crosslinks between cysteine residues of these proteins
      and the possible species-specific significance of their differing percentages of
      histidine are discussed. Potentially analogous functions are suggested for
      phosphorylated serine and threonine, and for ionized cysteine and tyrosine,
      within the protamines of developing spermatids. Their amino acid compositions
      indicate that the protamines of eutherian mammals are coded by a C.G-rich genome
      which has been unusually susceptible to genetic drift. An especially high rate of
      G leads to A transitions seems to have occurred in the human protamine genes.

PMID- 952895
TI  - The effect of ligand size and stereochemistry on the reactivity of the alpha and
      beta chains within hemoglobin.
AB  - The reactions of human hemoglobin A with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, iso
      butyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl isocyanide were examined in the presence and
      absence of inositol hexaphosphate. As the size and bulk of the aliphatic side
      chain increases, the relative association rates and affinities of the beta-chains
      for isonitriles increase compared to those of the alpha chains. This result
      indicates that the beta heme pocket within hemoglobin is more open and accessible
      to ligand molecules than the alpha heme pocket.

PMID- 952896
TI  - Dependence of magneto-optical rotatory dispersion and magnetic circular dichroism
      of deoxy- and methemoglobin on their quaternary structure.
AB  - Methods of magnetic optical activity, magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (MORD)
      and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), were shown to be sensitivie to the
      quaternary structure of deoxyhemoglobin. The isolated alpha and beta chains, the
      monomeric hemoglobins (leghemoglobin, fraction III of Chironomus thummi thummi
      hemoglobin) and hemoglobin in the R state (hemoglobin digested with
      carboxypeptidases A and B) exhibit in the visible region two MORD minima of equal
      intensities. In native tetrameric hemoglobins studied (human, horse, porcine,
      feline, carp, tortoise, frog) the ratio of the intensities of these MORD minima
      is about 2. The MORD data for deoxy-des Arg-N-ethylsuccinimide-hemoglobin
      indicate that in solution there is a mixture of the T and R states, the
      equilibrium between the states being shifted toward the R structure. The identity
      of the MORD curves for deoxy-bis(N-maleimidoethyl)-ester-hemoglobin and for
      native deoxyhemoglobin indicates that deoxy-bis(N-maleimidoethyl)ester-hemoglobin
      has the T structure in solution. Comparison of the MORD curves exhibited by a
      native methemoglobin, a native metmyoglobin and the modified hemoglobins in the
      met form in the absence and presence of organic and inorganic phosphates reveals
      no direct correlation between the MORD changes and methemoglobin quaternary
      structure.

PMID- 952897
TI  - Biochemical studies on human ceruloplasmin.
AB  - Ceruloplasmin from nephrotic urine, ascites fluid and plasma has been partially
      characterized. All ceruloplasmin preparations were found to be comprised of two
      light and two heavy polypeptide subunits. Characterization of the purified
      subunits indicated that the alpha chain had a mol. wt. of 16000 and had N
      terminal valine while the beta chain had a mol. wt. of 59000 and had N-terminal
      lysine. All carbohydrate resided in the beta subunit. Incomplete cleavage of the
      5-methionine residues of the alpha chain enabled a preliminary ordering of the
      CNBr fragments. Automated sequence analysis of the alpha chain was carried out
      and the sequence determined was Val-Phe-Asx-Pro-Arg-Arg-Lys-Leu-Glx-Phe-Ala-Leu
      Leu-Phe-Leu-Val-Phe-Asx-Glx-Asx-Glx.

PMID- 952898
TI  - The heterogeneity of the protamines from human spermatozoa.
AB  - Nuclear basic protein from ejaculated human spermatozoa were labelled with
      iodo[14C1]acetic acid and fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography into
      several pools (named A-K). Gel electrophoresis indicated that the minor protamine
      components, were present in pool D and that, of the major protamine components,
      component 1 (pools E, F, G, H) was well separated from the unresolved mixture of
      component 2 and component 3 (pools I, J, K). Pools G and J were free of other
      contaminants. Pools D, G, and J produced different radioactive peptides on
      digestion with trypsin and with thermolysin, and also had quite distinct amino
      acid compositions. This suggests that the heterogeneity of human protamines is
      caused by differences in amino acid sequence. Major component 1 also seems to be
      heterogenous, since it was found in two distinct peaks (pools E and G), but post
      translational modification as a cause of the two types of component 1 has not
      been ruled out. Although all the human protamine components are similar to other
      mammalian protamines in containing half-cysteine and tyrosine, they also have
      unique common features such as high histidine and high glutamic acid contents.

PMID- 952899
TI  - DNA-binding proteins in Yoshida ascites tumor fluid.
AB  - DNA-binding proteins were isolated from Yoshida ascites tumor fluid by
      chromatography on DNA-cellulose. This fraction represents 1-2% of the total
      ascites protein. Most of the DNA-binding proteins will bind to phosphocellulose
      as well. The proteins migrate by agarose gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6 as alpha
      and beta globulins. Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis revealed the presence of
      12-18 proteins. SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis indicated molecular weights
      ranging from 3-10(4) to 10(6). Seven of the proteins were identified by specific
      immunoprecipitation as beta1-Eglobulin, beta2-glycoprotein I, fibrinogen split
      product E (fibrinogen E), coagulation factor XIII (factor XIII), alpha2
      macroglobulin, IgG and IgM. Alpha1-antichymotrypsin might also be represented. In
      nuclear extracts of the tumor cells only factor XIII was present. With the
      exception of fibrinogen E and P5 all recognized DNA-binding proteins are present
      in normal rat plasma. With increasing tumor age the concentration of fibrinogen
      E, factor XIII, P5 and IgM increased both in ascites fluid and in plasma, while
      the concentration of other DNA-binding-proteins decreased or remained constant.
      Evidence is presented that the DNA- and phosphocellulose binding ascites protein
      fraction inhibit tumor cell growth. No inhibition was induced by corresponding
      protein fractions isolated from normal rat plasma.

PMID- 952900
TI  - Effects of organic and inorganic phosphate ions on the charge-transfer band of
      ferric myoglobin.
AB  - (1) Splitting of the charge-transfer band positioned at 630 nm of metmyoglobin
      disappeared on lowering the pH from 7.5 to 4.5 in the presence of Pi and PPi at
      the temperature of liquid N2. (2) The observed apparent pK value of the
      disappearance of the splitting depended upon the species of phosphate ions. (3)
      In the case of Pi, the low-temperature absorption spectra suggested that at least
      two phosphate ions bound to one myoglobin molecule.

PMID- 952901
TI  - Binding of daunomycin to nonhistone proteins from rat liver.

PMID- 952902
TI  - Activities of nucleoprotein particles derived from rat liver ribosome.
AB  - 80-S ribosomes and 60-S subunits from rat liver were treated at increasing KC1
      concentrations giving protein-deficient ribosomal particles whose components were
      analyzed and their activity tested. Most of the activities assayed stand
      treatment up to KC1 concentrations of around 0.6 M; peptidyl transferase,
      measured by the fragment reaction, however was 50% inhibited by 0.5 M KC1 in 60-S
      subunits but not in 80-S ribosomes. Three proteins, L21, L26 and L31, might be
      implicated in this loss of activity. 60-S subunits forming part of the 80 S
      ribosome are more resistant to the salt treatment and the pattern of proteins
      released by the treatment differs from the one obtained from free 60-S subunits,
      implying perhaps a change of conformation of this subunit upon association to
      form 80-S couples. According to their resistance to release by KC1 the proteins
      of the large sub-unit can be divided into three groups: (1) easily removed,
      including proteins: L1, L11, L17 and L25 in 80-s subunits and in addition, L5,
      L8, L9, L13, L20, L22, L26, L29, L31 and L32/33 in 60-S subunits; (2) proteins
      resistant to release by high salt concentrations in 80-S ribosomes as well as in
      60-S subunits, namely proteins L3, L14, L27, L36, L40, L41, X1 and X2; (3) the
      rest of the proteins which are released in a more or less continuous way
      throughout the treatment. 5 S RNA is not released by KC1 treatment at the
      concentrations used. The binding sites for the antibiotics trichodermin and
      anisomycin are affected in a different way by the salt treatment, indicating that
      they are structurally different.

PMID- 952903
TI  - Preformed poly(A)-containing RNA in zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii.
AB  - Discharged zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii contain poly(A)-containing RNA,
      which is performed during the initial stages of zoospore differentiation in the
      sporangium and is stable in vivo for at least 4 h. The average molecular weight
      of this RNA fraction is estimation to be 5.5-10(5) or 1600 nucleotides. The
      average length of the poly(A) sequence is approx. 100 nucleotides Poly(A)
      containing RNA does not appear to accumulate in a gamma-particle fraction
      previously suggested to be involved in the storage of mRNA.

PMID- 952904
TI  - Effects of estrogen and progesterone on transcription, chromatin and ovalbumin
      gene expression in the chick oviduct.
AB  - The effects of estrogen, progesterone and estrogen + progesterone combined on
      nuclear transcriptional processes in oviducts of immature chicks, previously
      withdrawn from estrogen, are reported. The responses to the steroids of the
      endogenous nuclear RNA polymerase activities, both nucleolar (I) and
      nucleoplasmic (II), the chromatin compositions and template capacities, and the
      appearance of ovalbumin messenger RNA (mRNA) are compared. When immature chicks
      (previously treated at 14 days with estrogen) are withdrawn from estrogen
      treatment, there is a gradual reduction in both polymerase activities. Diurnal
      variations in polymerase II activties in the oviduct of withdrawn chicks required
      that subsequent experiments include time-matched controls. The hormones alter RNA
      polymerase II and II activities in vivo as assayed in isolated nuclei.
      Progesterone represses the polymerase I and II activities, while estrogen alone
      and estrogen + progesterone enhance both polymerase activities immediately after
      injection. Diethylstillbestrol, a synthetic estrogen, causes changes similar to
      those of estrogen. The effects of these steroids on the polymerases are detected
      within 15 min of hormone injection. Changes in the capacities of chromatins to
      serve as template for RNA synthesis in general correlated with changes in
      polymerase II activities. Interestingly, in the case of estrogen treatment, the
      acidic chromatin protein (but not histone) levels fluctuate positively with the
      template capacities of the chromatin. An antagonism between estrogen and
      progesterone is observed in the responses of both RNA polymerases I and II
      activities as well as in the chromatin template capacity. Levels of messenger RNA
      coding for ovalbumin, as detected by hybridization with labeled complementary
      DNA, increase in oviducts of withdrawn chicks within 2--3 of the injection of
      estrogen, progesterone or estrogen + progesterone. This rapid accumulation of
      ovalbumin mRNA is not accompanied in each case by a similar increase in
      polymerase II activity or chromatin template capacity.

PMID- 952905
TI  - Protein synthesis in dystrophic muscle. Activity of the pH 5 supernatant fraction
      of muscle in dystrophic mice.
AB  - The pH 5 supernatant fractions prepared from homogenates of tissues of normal and
      dystrophic mice were used to study the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA
      into peptide. The incorpoation was markedly reduced using the muscle pH 5
      supernatant fraction from dystrophic animals but no reduction was seen with
      brain, liver or heart preparations from dystrophic mice. The lower incorporation
      with dystrophic muscle pH 5 supernatant was not due to altered activity of
      ribonuclease, elongation factors, proteolytic enzymes, GTP or sulfhydryl
      reagents, but was attributable to the presence of activity that was inhibitory to
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 952906
TI  - Analysis of the human genome by complementary RNA/DNA gradient hybridization and
      relaxes cesium sulfate-silver ion density centrifugation.
AB  - 3H-Labeled complementary RNA (cRNA) transcribed from total nuclear human DNA was
      hybridized to homologous DNA and the hybrids formed localized in CsC1 density
      gradients. Radioactive peaks indicative of cRNA/DNA hybrids identified ten
      density components. The experimental conditions used indicated that these
      components correspond to DNA rich in repeated sequences. In addition, cRNAs
      transcribed from five Cot fractions (31% of total DNA; Cot less than 100) were
      hybridized to total DNA in CsC1 gradients. The hybrids sedimented at similar
      densities to those seen in total cRNA but showed a differential distribution
      along the five fractions. To isolate native double-stranded DNA components
      containing the various families of repeated sequences observed, nuclear DNA was
      fractionated using relaxes Cs2SO4/Ag+ density gradient centrifugation. These
      fractions revealed the presence of seven major components a densities of 1.715,
      1.711, 1.708, 1.705, 1.702, 1.700 and 1.698 g/cm3 and three minor components at
      densities of 1.696, 1.693 and 1.687 g/cm3. The density components corresponded to
      those observed by cRNA/DNA hybridization, thus suggesting that the bulk of the
      human genome is made up of ten density-biased components containing sequences of
      varying degrees of repetitiveness.

PMID- 952907
TI  - Temperature-induced perturbations in the circular dichroic spectrum of the
      synthetic polymer poly[d(G-C)].
AB  - The effect of increasing temperature on the double-helical synthetic DNA polymer
      poly[d(G-C)] with alternating base sequence, was studied by ultraviolet
      absorbance and circular dichroic techniques. While a cooperative hyperchromic
      effect was noticed in the ultraviolet absorbance spectrum above a temperature of
      70 degrees C, an inversion of the circular dichroic spectrum was observed at a
      similar temperature range. On cooling to room temperature, the spectrum was
      reversed to the initial one. These observations, first reported here, are
      tentatively attributed to a conformational change of the polymer, from the right
      handed double helix to the left-handed single strands, prior to complete
      denaturation.

PMID- 952908
TI  - Raman spectroscopic detection and examination of the interaction of amino acids,
      polypeptides and proteins with the phophatidylcholine lamellar structure.
AB  - Raman spectral peaks in the vicinity of 1100 and 2900 cm-1 for
      phosphatidylcholine were found to be sensitive to interactions with amino acids,
      polypeptides and plasma proteins. The amino acids L-luecine, L-isoleucine, L
      tryptophan, L-arginine HCl, L-histidine HCl, L-threonine and L-aspartic acid
      decreased the dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine Raman intensity ratio  I1064/I1089
      indicating an increase in the gauche hydrocarbon chain character of the lipid.
      The increase in the lipid approx. 2930 cm-1 peak intensity in relation to the
      approx. 2850 and approx. 2890 cm-1 peaks upon the addition of the amino acids L
      arginine HCl, L-histidine-HCl and L-lysine-HCl to the lipid dispersion indicates
      that the lipid hydrocarbon chain environment becomes more polar in their
      presence. The lipid-alamethecin and lipid-valinomycin interactions produced a
      decrease in the lipid Raman intensity ratio I1064/I1089 again indicating an
      increase in the gauche hydrocarbon chain character of dicyristoyl
      phosphatidylcholine while producing no change in this ratio for dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine. Human fibrinogen and bovin serum albumin were found to
      increase the I2890/I2850 dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine Raman intensity ratio
      while decreasing the I2850/I2930 dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine Raman intensity
      ratio indicating that the lipid underwent a conformational change and that the
      hydrocarbon chain environment was more polar in the presence of albumin or
      fibrinogen.

PMID- 952909
TI  - 31P NMR studies of unsonicated aqueous dispersions of neutral and acidic
      phospholipids. Effects of phase transitions, p2H and divalent cations on the
      motion in the phosphate region of the polar headgroup.
AB  - 1. The 129 MHz (non-proton decoupled) and 36.4 MHz (proton decoupled) 31P NMR
      spectra arising from unsonicated aqueous dispersions of well defined species of
      phospholipid have been investigated. The phospholipids employed (and the
      parameters varied) include phosphatidylcholine (temperature),
      phosphatidylethanolamine (temperature), phosphatidic acid (temperature and p2H)
      and phosphatidylglycerol (temperature, p2H and Ca2+ (or Mg2+)) concentration. 2.
      At p2H = 7 the 31 P MNR spectra arising from saturated species of
      phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol become
      progressively broader as the temperature is reduced below the phase transition,
      demonstrating reduced motion in the phosphate region of the polar headgroup. 3.
      In the liquid crystalline state at p2H = 7 the molecular dipolar order parameters
      obtained for saturated species of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine
      and phosphatidylglycerol and very similar, and are independent of the acyl chain
      length for species derived from lauric and myristic acid. Thus the motion in the
      methylene-phosphate-methylene region is similar for these different liquid
      crystaline phospholipid species. 4. The 31 P NMR spectra of aqueous dispersions
      of 14:0/14:0 phosphatidic acid display anomalous temperature and p2H dependences.
      The effective chemical shift anistropy (delta v CSA EFF) at 5 degrees C varies
      from 71 ppm at p2H = 8.5 to 38 ppm at p2H = 2.5. Further, the motion in the
      phosphate region is relatively insensitive to the gel or liquid crystalline
      nature of the hydrocarbon chains. 5. The addition of 40 mol% Ca2+ (or Mg2+) to
      saturated species of phosphatidylglycerol causes an increase of approx. 20
      degrees C in the hydrocarbon phase transition temperature as indicated by 31 P
      NMR. Equimolar concentrations of Ca2+ increase the transition temperature by
      approx. 70 degrees C, and no 31P NMR signal could be observed for the very
      condensed precipitate formed below this temperature. In the liquid crystalline
      state the motion in the phosphate region of the polar headgroup is not
      significantly affected by the presence of Ca+ or Mg2+. 6. The 31P NMR spectra
      obtained from 18 : 1c/18 : 1c phosphatidylethanolamine are consistent with a
      phase transition from a lamellar to an hexagonal (HII) phase in the region 10-15
      degrees C. 7. The observed narrowing of the 31 P NMR spectra of aqueous
      dispersions of phospholipids as the temperature is raised toward the hydrocarbon
      transition temperature is discussed in terms of the "pretransition" observed in
      calorimetric studies.

PMID- 952910
TI  - Kinetics and stability of alamethicin conducting channels in lipid bilayers.
AB  - It is already well-established that conduction in lipid bilayers containing
      alamethicin arises from the presence of complexes in which there are several
      molecules of the polypeptide. It is with the nature of these complexes that this
      paper is primarily concerned. While it is clear that increasing alamethicin
      concentration and increasing potential across the membrane favour their
      formation, the nature of the reactions involved has not yet been elucidated.
      Attempts have therefore been made to clarify the sequence of events leading to
      the establishment of a complex in its conducting state. It has been concluded
      that the most likely mechanism involves, initially, a non-field-dependent
      aggregation of the alamethicin, in the plane of the membrane, into non-conducting
      oligomers. These then appear to undergo movement normal to the membrane (which is
      field dependent) to form the conducting species. Temperature studies have shown
      that the various conducting states of the oligomer have effectively equal
      enthalpies, and that the activation energies for transitions between these states
      are all approx. 1.2kcal/mol. The corresponding rate constants are very sensitive
      to the lipid composition of the membrane and a variety of different systems has
      been examined in order to clarify the origins of this effect. The only conclusion
      from this part of the work is that lipid fluidity might be involved.

PMID- 952911
TI  - Studies on 6C3HED murine ascites tumor cell receptors for mannosyl-binding
      lectins.
AB  - We have investigated the receptor site activity present on 6C3HED tumor cells for
      concanavalin A, fava, lentil and pea lectins. The binding of the tritiated
      lectins to the tumor cells was inhibited by methyl-alpha-D-mannoside but not by D
      galactose. The number of binding sites for the lectins was 3.5-10(6)/cell for
      concanavalin A, 3.3-10(6)/cell for fava, 3.6-10(6)/cell for lentil and 4.8
      10(6)/cell for pea. The apparent association constants were 3.6 and 1.3 muM-1 for
      concanavalin A, 3.9 muM-1 for fava, 4.2 muM-1 for lentil and 4.6 and 0.6 muM-1
      for pea. Competitive inhibition studies showed that lentil was a good inhibitor
      of pea binding; concanavalin A was a poor inhibitor of pea binding; and fava was
      a better inhibitor than concanavalin A but not as good as lentil. Reciprocal
      inhibition experiments indicated that concanavalin A and pea may bind to
      different receptors as well as to common receptors. This was also indicated by
      the observation that trypsin or protease treatment of the cells decreased the
      binding of pea lectin by 20-40 percent whereas concanavalin A binding was
      unaffected.

PMID- 952912
TI  - A simple model for calcium induced exocytosis.
AB  - We have developed a simple model showing how the presence or obsence of Ca2+ can
      determine whether an uncurved or curved membrane surface is favored
      energetically. The model shows why fusion of vesicles with the presynaptic
      membrane is favored in the presence of calcium and why the budding off of
      vesicles is favored in the absence of calcium inside of the presynaptic membrane.
      The model accurately predicts the radius of a synaptic vesicle using known
      properties of lipids and suggests consequences of temperature change, varied
      stimulation rate and addition of calcium by artificial means on rates of
      transmitter release.

PMID- 952913
TI  - Role of calcium in exocrine pancreatic secretion. III. Comparison of calcium and
      magnesium movements in rabbit pancreas.
AB  - 1. Calcium and magnesium movements in the isolated rabbit pancreas and in rabbit
      pancreas fragments are compared in a qualitative and quantitative way. 2. At the
      basal secretion rate calcium and magnesium are present in the secreted fluid in
      concentrations of about 30% of their concentrations in the bathing medium. 3.
      Addition of 10(-6) M carbachol to the bathing medium results in enzyme secretion
      accompanied by calcium and magnesium release, in divalent cation-free medium as
      well as in a complete medium. 4. The secretion of each divalent cation is the sum
      of two components: an extracellular flux and a flux of protein-associated
      cations, the so-called secretory flux. 5. The extracellular flux is proportional
      to the concentration of the divalent cation in the bathing medium. The secretory
      flux is not dependent on the presence of the divalent cation in the bathing
      medium, but is proportional to the amount of protein secreted. About 25 nmol of
      each cation is secreted per mg protein. 6. Ca2+ and Mg2+ can be nearly completely
      separated from the digestive enzymes by gel filtration. They equilibrate
      completely with their radioactive isotopes added to the sample just before
      elution, indicating that the cations are rapidly exchangeable after secretion. 7.
      Efflux studies on rabbit pancreas fragments, pre-loaded with 45Ca2+, show a
      carbachol-stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux (the stimulatory flux) in addition to a
      release of amylase. Fragments pre-loaded with 28Mg2+ do not show carbachol
      stimulation of the tracer efflux. 8. These studies indicate that calcium and
      magnesium behave quite similarly with respect to the extracellular and secretory
      fluxes. The absence of a stimulatory flux for magnesium, suggests that the
      increase of the cytoplasmic calcium concentration plays a specific role in the
      stimulus-secretion coupling of pancreatic enzyme secretion.

PMID- 952914
TI  - Hydrophobic affinity partition of spinach chloroplasts in aqueous two-phase
      systems.
AB  - The surface properties of spinach chloroplasts, both of intact chloroplasts with
      surrounding envelope and broken chloroplasts consisting of the inner lamellar
      system, have been studied by partitioning them between two aqueous phases,
      especially using counter-current distribution technique. The two-phase system
      consists of poly(ethyleneglycol), dextran and water. The two polymers are
      enriched in opposite phases and by binding deoxycholate or palmitate to one of
      the polymers the affinity of chloroplasts for the corresponding phase is strongly
      enhanced. The partition of the two classes of chloroplasts, however, is not
      affected to the same degree and the affinity of the chloroplast envelope for
      deoxycholate and palmitate is stronger than that of the lamellar system. This has
      been correlated to the chemical composition of the two types of membranes. By
      studying the effect of salts on the partition it has been found that the lamellar
      system bears a larger number of negative charges as compared to the envelope of
      the intact chloroplast.

PMID- 952915
TI  - An x-ray study of the condensed and separated states of sciatic nerve myelin.
AB  - Low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of peripheral nerve myelin after
      modification by either rehydration in various solutions or by chemical treatment
      have been recorded. These X-ray patterns and the previously reported modified
      nerve myelin patterns demonstrate that nerve myelin has at least five different
      states: the normal state, condensed state I and II and separated state I and II.
      There are two membranes per unit cell in the normal state and in states II
      whereas there is one membrane per unit cell in states I. Under certain conditions
      normal nerve can go reversibly into either of states II. With continued treatment
      the nerve myelin structure moves irreversibly from state II to state I and, once
      in state I, the nerve myelin layers cannot return to the normal state. Our
      results demonstrate that there is a reversible transformation between condensed
      state I and separated state I. Fourier profiles of nerve myelin in the normal
      state, condensed state I and separated state I are presented.

PMID- 952916
TI  - Monazomycin channel noise.

PMID- 952917
TI  - Outside-inside distributions and sizes of mixed phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol
      vesicles.
AB  - (1) The effect of the incorporation of cholesterol upon the distribution of
      various molecular species of phosphatidylcholine across the bilayers of mixed
      sonicated liposomes (vesicles) has been studied with 31P-MNR. (2) The outside
      inside ratio of both saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholine species was
      not much affected by the incorporation of up to 30 mol% cholesterol. Above 30
      mol% cholesterol the outside-inside ratio strongly increased for
      phosphatidylcholines with cis unsaturated fatty acid chains. In contrast the
      outside-inside ratio of trans unsaturated and fully saturated phophatidylcholine
      species was either not affected or decreased by the incorporation of more than 30
      mol% cholesterol. (3) a simple relationship between the size of the vesicle and
      the linewidth of the 31P-NMR resonance is described. From the measured linewidths
      the sizes of the various cholesterol containing vesicles have been obtained. It
      is found that incorporation of 0-30 mol% cholesterol does not significantly
      affect the size of the vesicle whereas above 30 mol% cholesterol does not
      significantly affect the size of the vesicle whereas above 30 mol% cholesterol
      the size of all phosphatidylcholine vesicles sharply increases. The increase in
      size is the largest for the more saturated phosphatidylcholine species. (4) From
      the outside-inside ratio and the size of the vesicle the composition of the outer
      and inner layer of the mixed vesicles could be obtained. Below 30 mol%
      cholesterol the composition of outer and inner layer is nearly identical. Above
      30 mol% cholesterol the distribution of lipid across the bilayer of all visicles
      becomes assymetric with a disporportionately larger amount of cholesterol present
      in the inside monolayer.

PMID- 952918
TI  - Saccharides on teratocarcinoma cell plasma membranes. Their investigation with
      radioactively labelled lectins.
AB  - We have studied the interaction of five lectins differing in their sugar
      specificity, with the surface of clonal cell lines derived from transplantable
      murine teratocarcinoma. The results show that the differentiation from primitive
      embryonal carcinoma cells into parietal yolk sac cells is accompanied by changes
      in cell surface saccharides. These changes consist of a marked decrease in the
      total number of binding sites for the L-fucose-specific lectin of Lotus
      tetragonolobus and a large increase in the total number of binding sites for wax
      bean agglutinin. It is suggested that these differences can be used as markers in
      the study of this early embryonic differentiation. No agglutination of primitive
      embryonal carcinoma cells or of parietal yolk sac cells by low concentrations
      (10mug/ml) of concanavalin A, soybean agglutinin or the fucose binding proteins
      was observed.

PMID- 952919
TI  - Alteration of birefringence signals from squid giant axons by intracellular
      perfusion with protease solution.
AB  - The optical signal, arising from a transient birefringence change associated with
      excitation, was recorded from a squid giant axon together with the membrane
      potential change, and the effect of removal of the axoplasm on the optical signal
      was examined. In an unperfused axon, repetitive stimulation at a frequency of
      about 100 Hz produced two kinds of optical response. The initial response had a
      brief, spike-like time course and was elicited by each stimulating pulse. The
      delayed response had a slow time course and the sign of decreased light
      intensity, and summated with repetitive stimulation. Most of the axoplasm was
      removed from interior of the axon by intracellular perfusion with solutions
      containing pronase at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. The delayed response could
      selectively be eliminated by perfusion with a pronase-containing solution for 2-8
      min. The result was interpreted as showing that the delayed birefringence signal
      originates from axoplasm when its gel structure was transiently disturbed by an
      increased Ca2+ influx associated with excitation. When perfusion was further
      continued the duration of the action potential started increasing and often a
      prominent after-depolarization appeared. At this stage the initial optical
      response was again followed by a large slow signal with the sign of increased
      light intensity. This reversed delayed response was tentatively assumed to
      originate from the membrane with some remaining axoplasm, but its cause is still
      not understood.

PMID- 952920
TI  - Physicochemical studies of taste reception. III. Interpretation of the water
      response in taste reception.
AB  - The model membrane composed of a Millipore filter paper and the total lipids from
      bovine tongue epithelium or phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk simulated well the
      water response of a living taste cell, The water response observed with the model
      membrane adapted to various salt solutions was interpreted in terms of changes in
      electric potential at the membrane-solution interface, i.e. the water response
      was attributed to the e.m.f. change produced by diffusion of the electrolytes
      dissolved in (or adsorbed on) the membrane surface into the bulk solution. The
      water response of the frog tongue was also investigated by measuring the neural
      response of the glossopharyngeal nerve. The results obtained were consistent with
      the mechanism proposed in the present paper. The response of the frog to Ca2+ was
      examined under the condition where the water response was suppressed, and it was
      concluded that the water response of the frog is different from the response to
      Ca2+.

PMID- 952921
TI  - An optical study of the exchange  kinetics of membrane bound molecules.
AB  - The kinetics of molecular exchange between lipid bilayers are studied using a
      special fluorescence technique. Pyrene and pyrene decanoic acid are chosen as
      typical examples of an apolar and amphiphilic molecule. Their property of forming
      dimers in the excited state (excimer) is exploited. The time dependencies of
      monomer and excimer intensities after rapid mixing of vesicles doped with
      fluorescent probe with undoped ones are studied by stopped-flow technique. The
      transient curves reveal the information on the exchange kinetics. A theoretical
      analysis shows that the molecular exchange follows a first order kinetics.
      Surprisingly short half life-times tex for this exchange process are obtained
      (for dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine tex=3.3 s for T=23 degrees C, tex=0.5 s for
      T=68 degrees C). Multilamellar systems (onion like structure) show much slower
      exchange rates. The exchange rates are nearly equal for polar and unpolar
      molecules. Addition of cholesterol has a strong reducing effect on this rate.
      Charging of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicle surfaces by the addition of
      (a) EuCl3 to the aqueous phase and (b) dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid to the lipid
      phase reduces the exchange rate by about an order of magnitude above the phase
      transition. In a separate experiment it is shown that the lipid exchange or
      fusion for two different lipids is a much slower process compared to the label
      exchange. In fact vesicles kept below the phase transition temperature Ttr for
      both lipids, do not fuse even after 70 h. Noticeable fusion occurs after 10 h
      when the mixture stays above Ttr. Experiment shows that the fusion of pure lipid
      vesicles is not very much affected by the presence of a charged lipid. Change in
      concentration of the monovalent ions in the aqueous solution by two orders of
      magnitude does not have an appreciable effect on the exchange rate of
      phospholipids.

PMID- 952922
TI  - The effect of hashish compounds on pphospholipid phase transition.
AB  - The interaction of hashish compounds, delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol and
      cannabidiol, with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine was investigated using
      differential scanning calorimetry. Both drugs affect the transition of
      dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine from the gel to liquid crystalline state,
      decreasing both the melting temperature and the enthalpy of melting. At a drug to
      dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine ratio of approx. 1:5, two peaks appear in the
      transition profile, suggesting a phase separation in the drug dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine mixture.

PMID- 952923
TI  - Semlike Forest virus membrane proteins. Preparation and characterization of spike
      complexes soluble in detergent-free medium.
AB  - After Triton X-100 delipidation and subsequent Triton X-100 removal in a sucrose
      gradient the membrane protein spikes of Semliki Forest virus remained soluble in
      aqueous buffers. It was shown they were present as octameric complexes with a
      molecular weight of 95-10(4) and that they contain less than 4% lipid and
      detergent by weight. In electron microscopy after negative staining they appeared
      as "rosette"-shaped particles. Part of the protein could also be found associated
      in ordered paracrystalline arrays.

PMID- 952924
TI  - Isolation and characterization of three unusual membrane glycopeptides present in
      rat intestinal endoplasmic reticula.
AB  - Three glycopeptides have been isolated from the mucosal homogenates of the rat
      small intestine without using proteolysis. These glycopeptides appear to be
      localized exclusively in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticula. Although they
      have similar molecular weights of about 2550 and have similar amino acid
      compositions, they differ in the carbohydrate constituents. The major
      glycopeptide has 2 mol glucose per polypeptide chain while the two other
      glycopeptides contain 1 mol fucose, mannose and galactose with either 1 or 2 mol
      glucose. No hexosamine or sialic acid was detected in any of the glycopeptides.
      An unusual physical property was found associated with these glycopeptides. Below
      pH 6.5 they formed a precipitate which prevented them from  diffusing through a
      dialysis membrane and allowed them to be rapidly purified following
      solubilization from the membrane. These glycopeptides appear to represent a new
      group of heretofore uncharacterized membrane constitutents which may play a role
      in some function specific for the endoplasmic reticula.

PMID- 952925
TI  - Some characteristics of new tissue-binding proteins for metabolites of vitamin D
      other than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
AB  - Protein(s) have been found in a wide range of tissues which have a high affinity
      for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Of the tissues examined only erythrocytes do not
      have this protein. The properties of the protein have been examined and it has
      been found that the association constatns range from 2 - 10(9) to 5 - 10(9) M-1
      and the sedimentation constants between 5.0 and 6.0 S. It was not possible to
      distinguish the proteins from the different tissues by their S values, mobility
      on gel electrophoresis or behaviour on ion-exchange chromatography. These
      techniques were all used, however, to show that the tissue 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol binding protein is distinct from the main plasma binding
      protein for this steroid and from the intestinal 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      binding protein. A protein has been in the plasma of rachitic animals but not of
      normals, which is apparently indistinguishable from this new tissue 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol-binding protein. The steroid specificity of this new
      binding protein has been shown to be dependent upon a C-25 hydroxyl group, and an
      intact conjugated double bond system. Possible functions for this protein have
      been briefly discussed.

PMID- 952926
TI  - N-Acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate in rat urine. I. Isolation, identification
      and chemical synthesis.
AB  - By starting with 4 1 of rat urine, it was possible to obtain a sulfate ester of
      hexosamine in crystalline form. A series of identification procedures including
      chemical analyses, enzymatic digestion, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
      and infrared spectroscopy showed that this substance is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D
      galactose 4,6-bissulfate. The trivial name for this compound is N
      acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate; Quantitation by isotopic techniques indicated
      the urine possessed an average concentration of 8 muM N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6
      bissulfate. Further extension of these studies necessitated the chemical
      synthesis of N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate and related compounds to be
      used for references or as biological substrates. Direct sulfation of N
      acetylgalactosamine was attempted first, and strong preference for attack on the
      primary hydroxyl group (position 6) was found for chlorosulfonic acid. Thus, the
      reaction with 2.2 molar equivalents of the sulfating agent gave N
      acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate and its derivatives bearing a second sulfate at
      either position 1 (minor) or position 3 (major). The lack of sulfation at
      position 4 could be attributed to steric effects of the sulfate group
      preferentially attached to position 6. Another experiment in which UDP-N
      acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate was used in place of the free sugar led to the
      formation of a bissulfated sugar-nucleotide which, on subsequent hydrolysis with
      mild acid, afforded N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate, the same compound as
      that obtained from rat urine.

PMID- 952927
TI  - N-Acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate in rat urine. II. Occurrence in rat
      cartilage and blood.
AB  - The intraperitoneal injection of inorganic [35S]sulfate to rat was followed by
      the rapid appearance in urine of a labeled compound which behaved as N
      acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate on paper chromatography and paper
      electrophoresis and when treated with two sulfatases with a high degree of
      specificity toward the sulfate bonds at positions 4 and 6, respectively.
      Enzymatically-prepared N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-[6-35S]bissulfate was injected
      intravenously into rats. Of the injected dose, 90% was excreted unchanged in the
      urine during the subsequent 12 h, suggesting that the urinary N
      acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate may derive from blood as renal filtrate.
      Examination of the rats injected with inorganic [35S]sulfate revealed the
      presence of labeled N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate at significant levels in
      the blood and cartilage, but at much lower levels in the liver. The cartilage
      component was highest in its rate of 35S uptake, suggesting that the blood
      component may derive at least in some part from the cartilage. Exposure of
      surviving cartilage slices to inorganic [35S]sulfate, followed by extraction of
      the slices with hot 50% ethanol yielded a number of radioactive compounds, of
      which three were characterized as UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4,6-[35S]bissulfate,
      N-acetylgalactosamine-1-phosphate 4,6-[35S]bissulfate and N-acetylgalactosamine
      4,6-[35S]bissulfate. By subjecting the prelabeled tissue to chase incubation, it
      was possible to show that the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4,6-bissulfate in the
      tissue disappeared with an approximate half-life of 10 min with a concomitant
      appearance in the medium of N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate and its 1
      phosphate ester. These results suggest the occurrence in cartilage of an
      enzymatic system which is responsible for rapid turnover of UDP-N
      acetylgalactosamine-4,6-bissulfate and possibly required for the rapid secretion
      of N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate into extracellular field.

PMID- 952928
TI  - The glutathione thiol-disulfide status in the sea urchin egg during fertilization
      and the first cell division cycle.
AB  - The intracellular levels of GSH, GSSG, and protein-glutathione disulfide (protein
      SSG) have been measured in the eggs and developing embryos of the sea urchins
      Lytechinus pictus and Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus. Total cellular glutathione
      is maintained in a very highly reduced state during these initial stages of
      development. Thus for unfertilized eggs of L. pictus the results (mumol/g dry
      weight) were 11 +/- 1 for GSH, 0.02 +/- 0.01 for GSSG, and 0.07 +/- 0.02 for
      protein-SSG. No significant change in these values was observed upon
      fertilization of the eggs or during the first cell division cycle. The values
      obtained with S. purpuratus were somewhat greater, but were also found to exhibit
      no significant variations upon fertilization or cell division. These observations
      indicate that changes in the total cellular glutathione thiol-disulfide status
      are not involved in the control mechanisms which operate during fertilization of
      the first cell division cycle in the sea urchin egg.

PMID- 952929
TI  - Branched-chain amino acid oxidation by isolated rat tissue preparations.
AB  - Branched-chain amino acid transaminase activity, branced-chain alpha-keto acid
      dehydrogenase activity, and leucine oxidation were measured in homogenates and
      slices of several rat tissues. Transaminase activity was highest in heart, while
      dehydrogenase activity was highest in liver. Leucine oxidation in isolated
      tissues may be limited by either transaminase or dehydrogenase activity depending
      upon the relative activities of these two enzymes in the tissue. The results
      suggest that, as the load of branched-chain amino acids increases, the liver may
      become an increasingly important site for the degradation of branched-chain alpha
      keto acids.

PMID- 952930
TI  - A new agglutinating activity from wheat flour inhibited by tryptophan.
AB  - A new compound endowed with agglutinating activity, designated the flour
      agglutinin, was extracted from wheat flour with water and purified by gel
      filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The haptenic inhibitors of the plant
      agglutinins do not affect flour agglutinin activity which, on the other hand, is
      inhibited by D- and L-tryptophan. Flour agglutinin has a molecular weight of
      about 5 - 10(4) as determined by gel filtration. It consists of a neutral
      heteropolysaccharide constituted of D-xylose and L-arabinose, and is homogeneous
      as judged by sedimentation analysis. Flour agglutinin activity is destroyed by
      treatment with Cellulase 2000 and periodate, but is not affected by alpha-amylase
      and proteolytic enzymes. Compared to germ agglutinin, flour agglutinin exhibits a
      peculiar range of cell specificity. It agglutinates several normal cell types,
      but has no effects on some neoplastic cells tested. Tryptic digestion of
      erythrocytes does not affect their susceptibility to flour agglutinin-induced
      agglutination.

PMID- 952931
TI  - Comparison of secreted and extracted forms of rat pituitary prolactin.
AB  - Prolactin secreted by rat anterior pituitary explants into organ culture medium
      was purified by salt fractionation and gel filtration. A yield of 22 mg/g was
      obtained, which clearly represented de novo synthesis and secretion of the
      hormone. Comparative characterization studies were performed on the secreted
      prolactin and pituitary extracted rat prolactin obtained from the National
      Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Disease. The biological and
      immunological activity estimates of both forms were comparable, although the
      specific activities of the secreted prolactin were somewhat lower than those of
      the pituitary prolactin. The secreted and extracted forms of prolactin appeared
      to be identical in primary structure as evidenced by similar amino acid
      compositions and identical NH2-terminal sequences. Circular dichroism spectra
      suggested that there may be differences in tertiary structure, since the positive
      tryptophan band at 292 nm, which eas observed with extracted hormone, was absent
      in the secreted prolactin.

PMID- 952932
TI  - Effects of prostaglandins and catecholamines on rat spleen adenylate cyclase in
      vitro.
AB  - The results reported here show some characteristics of adenylate cylase (EC
      4.6.1.1) derived from homogenates of rat spleen, and describe the in vitro
      stimulation of this enzyme by prostaglandins, nucleotides, and F- under
      conditions where cyclic nucleotide degradative pathways are effectively
      inhibited. Particulate fractions from rat spleen homogenates contain high
      adenylate cyclase activities, and the highest specific activity is recovered in a
      particulate fraction prepared by low speed (1200 X g) centrifugation. Activity
      found in all particulate fractions is stimulated by fluoride, prostaglandins E1
      and E2, catecholamines, and purine nucleotides. No stimulation is caused by
      prostaglandins F1 alpha and F2 alpha. Stimulation by prostaglandin E1 and E2 is
      augmented by GTP and other purine nucleotides, and stimulation by the combination
      of GTP and prostaglandin E1 is equal to that caused by optimal fluoride
      concentrations. Stimulation caused by L-isoproterenol is additive to that caused
      by GTP but is not increased by GTP.

PMID- 952933
TI  - Characterization and partial purification of a substance in the pineal gland
      which inhibits cell multiplication in vitro.
AB  - A substance which inhibits the in vitro multiplication of 3 cell strains, 37 RC,
      KB and NCTC clone 929, was characterized in the sheep pineal gland and partially
      purified using three successive chromatography techniques, respectively on
      Sephadex G-25, CM-cellulose and Biogel P 60 columns. The sheep cerebral cortex
      and liver also contain, but at much lower concentration than in the pineal,
      substance(s) that behave in different tests like the factor isolated from the
      pineal. The nature of the antimitotic substance from the pineal is as yet
      unknown. It is not destroyed by treatment with proteolytic enzymes, nor by
      boiling with 6 M HC1. It was established that it is different from the known
      antiblastic drugs such as Daunomycin and Methotrexate and from some active
      substances known to be present in the pineal, such as melatonin, secotonin and
      norepinephrine, which, in the same conditions, did not show any antimitotic
      activity. It was shown that when the concentration of the pineal factor in the
      culture medium was high enough (10 mug/ml), the inhibition of the KB cells
      multiplication was complete and irreversible. Microscopic examination of the
      treated cells showed that the morphological alteration was rapid (3--6 h) and
      deep, with shrinkage of both cytoplasm and nucleus, while with antiblastic drugs,
      morphological alteration proceeded slower (1--3 days) and appeared less
      pronounced.

PMID- 952934
TI  - Diffusion coefficient and molecular weight of type 5 adenovirus by photon
      correlation spectroscopy.
AB  - The technique of photon-correlation spectroscopy (intensity fluctuation
      spectroscopy) is applied to light scatter from type 5 adenovirus undergoing
      Brownian motion in solution and the translation diffusion coefficient (D20,w)
      measured to be 0,367 +/- 0.003 Fick units. Using Svedberg's equation with
      previously determined parameters, a molecular weight of 165 - 10(6) +/- 5 - 10(6)
      is obtained.

PMID- 952935
TI  - A proton magnetic resonance study of water in human stratum corneum.
AB  - Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study the nature of water
      in human stratum corneum. For a single planar sheet of stratum corneum mounted at
      a specific orientation to the applied magnetic fild, three distinct absorptions
      may be seen having different chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation times
      (T1). All T1 values for these resonances are smaller than that for normal liquid
      water. One absorption is unusual in that the resonance position is dependent upon
      the orientation of the sample within the field.

PMID- 952936
TI  - Detection of stable isotopes of lithium or boron with the help of A (n,alpha)
      nuclear reaction. Application to the use of 6Li as a tracer for unidirectional
      flux measurements and to the microlocalization of lithium in animal histologic
      preparations.
AB  - In the particular case of boron and lithium we examine the possibilities of using
      stable isotopes for experiments of isotopic labelling and microlocalization, as
      no radioisotopes exist. The detection is made with the help of a specific nuclear
      reaction, using homogeneous detectors. The first experimental applications are
      given: transepithelial fluxes of lithium (frog skin) have shown Liefflux values
      larger than the influx ones. Detailed microlocalization of lithium have been made
      on histological preparations of mice having received lithium treatment:
      particularly important contents are found in the hypophysis, the salivary glands,
      the bladder, the kidney (especially the pelvis), the intestinal system and
      certain parts of the brain (particularly the hippocampus); the liver, however
      remains very poor in lithium. Physiological implications are examined.

PMID- 952937
TI  - The proteolytic nature of commercial samples of galactose oxidase. Purification
      of the enzyme by a simple affinity method.
AB  - Several commercially available samples of galactose oxidase (D-galactose: oxygen
      6-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.9) were found to contain high proteolytic activity on
      proteins such as fibrinogen, transferrin, albumin and casein. A simple, efficient
      method was devised for the purification of galactose oxidase which relies on the
      affinity of the enzyme for agarose (Sepharose 6B). The purified galactose oxidase
      was recovered in high yield free from proteolytic activity. The enzymic affinity
      for Sepharose and Sephadex was investigated to clarify the absorption mechanism.

PMID- 952938
TI  - The reaction of sulfhydryl reagents with bovine hepatic monoamine oxidase.
      Evidence for the presence of two cysteine residues essential for activity.
AB  - The bovine liver monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) was found to be inactivated by
      various well-known sulfhydryl reagents like p-mercuribenzoate, methylmercuric
      iodide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitro benzoic acid). The present investigation shows
      that the inactivation of the enzyme results from reactions of these reagents with
      2 out of 8 titratable sulfhydryl groups per 10(5) g of the enzyme. The substrate,
      benzylamine, and competitive inhibitors like benzaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde,
      benzyl alcohol protected the enzyme from inactivation by the mercurials or the
      Ellman reagent. The inactivation experiments with these sulfhydryl reagents, the
      protection experiments, and the kinetics as well as physicochemical observations
      suggest that there are only two cysteine residues that are required for activity
      of the enzyme. It is possible that these two residues may be active-center
      residues.

PMID- 952939
TI  - Interaction of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (disulfide interchange
      enzyme) with phospholipids.
AB  - The effect of the addition of several phospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine,
      alpha-lecithin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidyl
      ethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and disphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid)
      and related compounds (glycerophosphocholine, alpha- and beta-glycerophosphate,
      choline, serine, glycerol, dipalmitoylglycerol, and stearic acid) on the ability
      of purified (from beef pancreas) and microsomal (rat liver) glutathione-insulin
      transhydrogenase (Glutathione:protein-disulphide oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.4.2) to
      degrade insulin has been examined. With purified enzyme, except for phosphatidic
      acid and phosphatidylserine, all other phospholipids tested caused a slight
      activation at low concentration with phosphatidylethanolamine causing the highest
      activation. Lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid are the only agents
      which cause inhibition of activity. The reaction rate as a function of
      concentration of inhibitor is hyperbolic for phosphatidic acid ([I]0.5 = 25 muM)
      and biphasic for lysophosphatidylcholine ([I]0.5 = 270 muM). Kinetic studies show
      that the two phospholipids are noncompetitive versus both substrates (insulin and
      GSH). Further, the structures of the phospholipids are quite different from the
      substrates and products of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. These dats,
      together with the data obtained with microsomes (see below), support the
      possibility that phospholipids, in particular lysolecithin and phosphatidic acid,
      might function by an interaction at an allosteric site or sites to bring about a
      conformational change in the enzyme. With a microsomal fraction, four
      phospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid) caused an increase in GSH
      insulin transhydrogenase activity. At low concentration the addition of each of
      these phospholipids led to a 2.5-fold increase in GSH-insulin transhydrogenase
      activity. At higher concentration, lysophosphatidylcholine almost totally
      inhibited the microsomal GSH-insulin transhydrogenase activity, as it did with
      purified enzyme, while phosphatidic acid showed only a slight inhibition, in
      contrast to its effect on purified enzyme. With the microsomal fraction in which
      GSH-insulin transhydrogenase activity had been previously unmasked by Triton X
      100 treatment, the addition of small amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidic acid produced, as expected, only slight increase in the
      transhydrogenase activity for both phospholipids; again, only
      lysophosphatidylcholine but not phosphatidic acid caused inhibition when higher
      levels were used. It is concluded that the four phospholipids and Triton X-100
      increase the GSH-insulin transhydrogenase activity in the microsomes by unmasking
      the catalytic site without fully unmasking the allosteric site, the point of
      reaction with the phosphatidic acid.

PMID- 952940
TI  - The further heterogeneity of creatine kinase. Presence of isoenzymes of cathodic
      mobility in rat tissues.
AB  - Supernatant fractions from rat tissue homogenates were examined for creatine
      kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzymes by agarose gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6. The
      distribution of the various isoenzymes, and their relative contributions to the
      total tissue creatine kinase, is stated. A previously unreported isoenzyme
      associated with brain and kidney preparations is described. It is a minor
      contributor to brain creatine-kinase activity but is the major isoenzyme for
      kidney. The presence of an additional isoenzyme for cardiac tissue was confirmed;
      this isoenzyme exhibits similar levels of activity to that of the MB isoenzyme.

PMID- 952941
TI  - An essential tryptophan in the active site of phospholipase A2 from the venom of
      Bitis gabonica.
AB  - The role of tryptophan in phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) from the venom of the
      gaboon viper, Bitis gabonica, has been investigated. Modification of the enzyme
      with N-bromosuccinimide and 2-nitrophenylsulfenylchloride showed that the two
      tryptophan residues in the enzyme, viz. Trp-28 and Trp-59, differ in reactivity
      towards the reagents. Only Trp-28 reacted with N-bromosuccinimide while a
      preferential reaction occurred between Trp-59 and 2-nitrophenyl-sulfenylchloride.
      In each case it was found that loss of enzyme activity was specifically
      correlated with modification of TRP-28. CD spectra indicated that neither the
      local nor the gross conformation of the enzyme was altered by modification of Trp
      28 and it was therefore concluded that Trp-28 is crucial for enzyme activity. The
      active enzyme was protected against N-bromosuccinimide inactivation by micellar
      concentrations of substrate or substrate analogue, suggesting that Trp-28 is
      involved in substrate binding.

PMID- 952942
TI  - Differences in subunit activities in acetylcholinesterase as possible cause for
      apparent deviation from normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
AB  - 1. Form Gp of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) from electric eel gave curved
      Lineweaver-Burk plots with acetylcholine. The Hill coefficients were 0.50-0.55 at
      low ionic strength and increased to 0.93 with increasing ionic strength. In
      presence of atropine or hexamethonium normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics were
      observed. 2. Inhibition of the enzyme by iPr2P-F was biphasic. One half of the
      total enzyme activity decreased at a faster rate than the other half. With
      [3H]iPr2P-F, the extent of labelling was determined for the light and heavy
      subunits. At low [3H]iPr2P-F concentration only the light subunit was
      phosphorylated. Higher [3H]iPr2P-F concentrations and prolonged treatment
      increased the amount of label in the heavy subunit. 3. From these data it is
      concluded that the two subunits are labelled at different rates indicating
      different reactivity towards iPr2P-F as well as towards acetylcholine. These data
      might account for the apparent non-Michaelis-Menten type kinetics obtained at low
      ionic strength.

PMID- 952943
TI  - Further characterization of subunit III of bovine procarboxypeptidase A-S6 as a
      non activatable zymogen.
AB  - The homology of Subunit III of bovine procarboxypeptidase A-S6 (EC 3.4.12.-) with
      Subunit II (bovine chymotrypsinogen C) of the same complex, already reported in a
      previous publication (Puigserver, A. and Desnuelle, P. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. U.S. 72, 2442-2445) has been extended to the position of the single
      methionine of the chains. The sequence linked by 4 disulfide bridges out of 5 are
      also probably homologous in the 2 proteins. The last bridge is displaced in
      Subunit III as a consequence of the deletion of the N-terminal half-cystine.
      Subunit II, which is not activatable by trypsin, due to the loss of essential
      residues in the N-terminal region, has conserved a weakly functional active site
      reacting with concentrated diisopropylfluorophosphate at exactly the same rate as
      that of Subunit II.

PMID- 952944
TI  - A sensitive isotopic assay method for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Some
      properties of the enzyme from rat liver.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive isotopic method is presented for the assay of S
      adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) activity, based on the formation of
      radioactive S-adenosylhomocysteine labelled in the adenosine portion. The
      radioactive product is separated either by low-voltage paper electrophoresis or
      by using phosphocellulose ion-exchange paper. Some kinetic properties of the
      enzyme from rat liver have shown to be clearly different from those reported
      earlier for this enzyme. The use of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, a
      potent inhibitor  of adenosine deaminase, makes it possible to measure the S
      adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity in tissues with a high adenosine
      deaminase activity, e.g. in intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 952945
TI  - Partial purification and properties of N-acetylhistamine deacetylase.
AB  - The enzyme catalyzing the deacetylaction of N-acetylhistamine was partially
      purified about 160-fold from rat liver extract and its properties were
      investigated. The purification procedure included DEAE-cellulose chromatography,
      precipitation with ammonium sulfate and DEAE-cellulose rechromatography. The
      enzyme contains a labile -SH group that is essential for its activity. Mn2+ and
      Co2+ enhanced the deacetylation reaction at low concentration. The molecular
      weight of the deacetylase was estimated to be about 70 000 from gel-filtration.
      Among various acetyl derivatives tested so far, N-acetylhistamine and to a lesser
      extent N-acetyltyramine served as the substrates. The Km value was 0.3 mM at the
      optimum pH 8.0 for N-acetylhistamine. Diphenhysramine, an antihistaminergic
      agent, inhibited the deacetylation remarkably.

PMID- 952946
TI  - The regulation of mouse liver ornithine decarboxylase by metabolites.
AB  - The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (L-Ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17), has
      been partially purified from the livers of mice subjected to partial hepatectomy
      (6-8 h previously). Mouse liver ornithine decarboxylase requires pyridoxal
      phosphate, and dithiothreitol for maximal activity. The enzyme has a pH optimum
      of 7.3, it is inhibited in the presence of 0.3 M phosphate, glycine, Tricine and
      Tris. It shows no dependence on metal ions and is inhibited by high salt
      concentrations, particularly ammonium salts. The kinetics of the enzyme have been
      studied with putrescine (and analogs), spermidine and spermine, in the presence
      of both high and low levels of pyridoxal phosphate. High concentrations of
      pyridoxal phosphate inhibit the enzyme. The enzyme is also inhibited by low
      concentrations of putrescine (1 mM). As the concentration of putrescine increased
      to 10 mM, non-competitive inhibition was observed, this could be reversed by
      addition of higher levels of pyridoxal phosphate. Spermidine and spermine inhibit
      (noncompetitively) only at high concentrations (10 mM). Ornithine inhibits at
      high concentrations (2 mM). Spectral studies have shown that the observed
      kinetics of competitive inhibition at low concentrations of polyamine changing to
      noncompetitive inhibition at high polyamine concentrations are due to competition
      between enzyme and substrate (or inhibitor) for free (non-enzyme bound) pyridoxal
      phosphate. Noncompetitive inhibition arises through the formation of transient
      Schiff base complexes between amines and free pyridoxal phosphate. It also
      appears that the binding of substrate to the active site takes place through
      Schiff base formation with enzyme bound pyridoxal phosphate.

PMID- 952947
TI  - The structure of human thrombin in relation to autolytic degradation.
AB  - Human thrombin was obtained by activation of human prothrombin with venom of the
      Australian Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus). This thrombin was
      precipitated with ammonium sulphate (75% saturation) and subsequently purified by
      gel-filtration (Sephadex G-75), ion-exchange (CM-Sephadex C-50) and affinity
      (aminobenzamidine-CH-Sepharose) chromatography. The final preparation (affinity
      thrombin) had a specific activity of 2340 Iowa units per absorbance unit
      (A1cm280). Thrombin proteins focused between 5 and 7, while prothrombin proteins
      focused to pH values less than 5. SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated
      molecular weights of greater than 70 000 for prothrombin and 39 000, 28 000, 25
      000-23 000 and 15 000-13 000 for affinity thrombin proteins. The 39 000-dalton
      species predominated (greater than 90%) when the enzyme was inhibited with
      phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride prior to dialysis for SDS electrophoresis. Lack
      of such inhibition reduced the amount of the 39 000-dalton species to less than
      60% with concomitant increase of the smaller species. Peptide mapping studies
      indicated that the smaller species were structurally related to the 39 000-dalton
      species. The amino acid compositions of the histidine and/or tyrosine containing
      peptides indicated a high degree of homology with bovine thrombin. It has been
      established that human thrombin can exist in at least two secondary structural
      forms, of different molecular weights, probably due to autolytic degradation of
      the largest (39 000-dalton) form.

PMID- 952948
TI  - Urea-extractable protein from human epidermis.
AB  - The major protein fraction extracted from human epidermis by urea has the
      following characteristics: (1) A molecular weight of approximately 600 000. (2) A
      copper content of 0.03% giving a minimum molecular weight of 212 000. (3) A non
      protein moiety indicated by (a) protein/dry weight ratio (b) anomalous
      ultraviolet absorption spectrum (c) high-voltage electrophoresis after mild
      alkaline or acid treatment (d) an excess of imidazole groups by Pauly reaction
      compared with the number of histidine residues by amino acid analysis. The non
      protein component is not urocanic acid or RNA as has been reported (Bernstein,
      I.A. (1970), J. Soc. Cosmet, Chem. 21, 583-594 and Sibrack, L. A., Gray, R. H.
      and Bernstein, I. A. (1974), J. Invest. Dermatol. 62, 394-405). (4) The presence
      of interchain disulphide linkages indicated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      in sodium dodecyl sulphate with and without beta-mercaptoethanol. (5)
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence and absence of 6 M urea suggests
      that aggregates are broken down in urea.

PMID- 952949
TI  - Interaction between proteins and detergents which contain a hydrocarbon chain
      longer than 16 carbon atoms. III. Competitive inhibition of trypsin by
      cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride.
AB  - Tryptic activity was competitively inhibited by cationic detergents which contain
      a cetyl group or longer hydrocarbon chains. Since the cetyl group is much longer
      than the side chains of lysine or arginine residues of substrates for trypsin,
      the nature of inhibition by cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride was examined
      using Na-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide as substrate and compared to that by
      butylamine. The inhibition by cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride occurred
      instantaneously and was completely reversible. The inhibitory effect of
      cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride was strongly dependent on both pH and salt
      concentration, contrasting with inhibition by butylamine which was relatively
      indifferent to these changes. The Ki value of cetyldimethylbenzylammonium
      chloride at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C was calculated to be 2.0 +/- 0.3 mM, which is
      equal to that of butylamine within experimental errors. The standard entropy
      change of binding of cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (44 +/- 2
      cal/mol/degree) was much larger than for butylamine, indicating the formation of
      an efficient hydrophobic bond between the cetyl group and the enzyme.

PMID- 952950
TI  - The protein composition of bovine myelin-free axons.
AB  - The proteins of axons prepared from myelinated axons and isolated as myelin-free
      entities were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis
      and found to consist of more than 10 different molecular weight species. The
      molecular weights range from 13 000 to over 200 000 with a prominent protein of
      molecular weight 47 000. The amino acid composition of the seven major proteins
      showed that the protein with a molecular weigt of 47 000 is distinct from all the
      other proteins analyzed. A group of three low molecular weight proteins have
      amino acid compositions which are similar to each other as do a group of three
      high molecular weight proteins although the two groups are distinctly different
      from each other and the major axonal protein. Histones, DNA, myelin basic protein
      and glycoprotein were absent from the proteins but neurotubule protein was
      present as indicated by cochicine binding activity in the axonal preparations.
      The cellular origin of these proteins and their relationship to other central
      nervous system proteins are discussed.

PMID- 952951
TI  - Structure of a light-adapting hormone from the shrimp, Pandalus borealis.
AB  - The structure of a light-adapting hormone of the shrimp, Pandalus borealis, has
      been determined. The hormone, which had been isolated from Pandalus eyestalks and
      which adapts the shrimp to brighter light conditions by causing the pigment in
      the distal retinal pigment cells of the eye to move into a more proximal
      position, is the peptide: Asn-Ser-Gly-Met-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Arg-Val
      Met-Thr-Glu-Ala-NH2. The structure was obtained by sequence analysis by the
      dansyl-Edman method of the intact hormone and of isolated tryptic and thermolytic
      peptides.

PMID- 952952
TI  - Structural requirements for steroid binding and quenching of albumin fluorescence
      in bovine plasma albumin.
AB  - 1. Steroids interact with bovine plasma albumin at a binding region that involves
      tryptophanyl, tyrosyl, arginyl and lysyl residues. The function of the
      tryptophanyl residues is demonstrated by: (a) the decrease of albumin binding
      affinity after modification of one tryptophanyl with 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl
      chloride; (b) steroid quenching of albumin tryptophanyl fluorescence; and (c)
      steroid quenching of 1-anilinonaphth-alene-8-sulfonate fluorescence, when it is
      excited by energy transfer from excited tryptophanyls. The function of tyrosyl
      residues is demonstrated by the decrease of albumin binding affinity after
      nitration of 30% tyrosyls with tetranitromethane, or deprotonation of tyrosyls by
      variation of pH. The function of arginyl and lysyl residues is demonstrated by
      the decrease of binding affinity after modification of these residues with
      glyoxal, formaldehyde or acetic anhydride. The presence of both apolar (Trp, Tyr
      and Lys (deprotonated)) and polar (Arg and Lys(protonated)) residues at the
      steroid binding site fits in well with the site relative apolarity, when
      expressed on the Kosower scale (Kosower, E.M. (1958) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 3253
      3260). 2. The contribution of specific amino acid residues to steroid binding
      depends to some extent on the steroid structure, as exemplified by the
      quantitatively different role of arginyl (or lysyl) residues in albumin
      interaction with testosterone acetate and epitestosterone, respectively, or that
      of tyrosyl residues in albumin interaction with 11-deoxycorticosterone and
      epitestosterone, respectively. 3. The concerted action of polar and apolar amino
      acid residues is an essential requirement for steroid binding, since unfolding of
      albumin polypeptide chain by guanidine-HC1, urea, or by reduction of disulfide
      bridges with 2-mercaptoethanol, strongly decreases steroid binding to albumin
      while, conversely, reoxidation and refolding of the unfolded polypeptide chain
      restore albumin affinity for steroids. 4. Parallel determinations of steroid
      binding constants by equilibrium dialysis and fluorimetric titration, as well as
      the general pattern of the pH and temperature effects on steroid quenching of
      albumin fluorescence, confirm the validity of the fluorescence quenching
      titration as an effective method for measuring albumin-steroid molecular
      interactions.

PMID- 952953
TI  - Specific fluorescent derivatives of macromolecules. A fluorescence study of some
      specifically modified derivatives of chymotrypsin, trypsin and subtilisin.
AB  - The 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl group was specifically introduced into
      the active site region of the serine proteinases: alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and
      subtilisin Carlsberg by the method of affinity-labeling. The resulting
      fluorescent derivatives were studied by a variety of fluorescence techniques and
      the results were correlated with structural data available on these enzymes from
      X-ray analysis. As model compounds for the Dns-proteinases, the absorption and
      fluorescence properties of Dns-amide and Dns-ethyl ester were studied in
      ethanol/water and p-dioxane/water mixtures. The fluorescence emission transtion
      energies and quantum yields were related to four commonly employed solvent
      polarity scales. Best correlations for different solvents were obatined with the
      empirical "Z" and "Y" scales. From inspection of the fluorescence emission
      transition energies of the Dns group in the Dns-proteinases and comparision with
      the model compound studies it was possible to assign "Z" values for the apparent
      microenvironment polarities of the Dns group in the Dns-proteinases. The apparent
      polarities of the microenvironments of the Dns group in Dns-Ser 195-chymotrypsin
      (Dns-chymotrypsin (I)); (Dns-Phe-CH2)-His 57-chymotrypsin;  (Dns-Lys-CH2)-His 46
      trypsin; and Dns-Ser 221--subtilisin Carlsberg (Dns-subtilisin (I)) are in the
      range of 89.5-92.5 on the "Z" scale. The apparent microenvironment polarity of
      the Dns group in Dns-Ser 183-trypsin (Dns-trypsin (I)) appears to be below 76.7
      on the "Z" scale. The Dns group in Dns-chymotrypsin (I) and (Dns-Phe-CH2)-His 57
      chymotrypsin appears to be rigidly bound as evaluated by fluorescence
      polarization studies. The effect of 2H2O on the fluorescence emission quantum
      yields of Dns-amide and Dns-ethyl ester was examined. In both cases the ratios of
      quantum yields in 2H2O:ethanol (8:2) to quantum yields in H2O:ethanol (8:2) was
      about 1.8. The 2H2O effect upon the fluorescence emission quantum yields of the
      Dns group has been used to investigate solvent accessibility of this chromophore
      in the Dns-proteinases. Acessibility studies using 2H2O are very promising and
      have some definite advantages over other existing methods. Energy transfer
      between the Trp residues and the bound Dns group was investigated in the Dns
      proteinases. The mean transfer distance calculated from the observed transfer
      efficiencies are 18.1 A, 19.7 A and 18.4 A for (Dns-Phe-CH2)-His 57-chymotrypsin,
      Dns-chymotrypsin (I) and (Dns-Lys-CH2)-His 46-trypsin, respectivly. From models
      built using X-ray crystallographic coordinates for the protein atoms, the mean
      distance of separation between the Trp residues and the bound Dns group for the
      same set of conjugates ar 18.6 A, 17.5 A and 17.5 A, respectively. Considering
      the inherent difficulties in energy transfer studies, the results are in
      excellent agreement with the X-ray data.

PMID- 952954
TI  - Studies on pituitary prolactin. 39. Reaction of the ovine hormone with hydrogen
      peroxide.
AB  - Three methionine-modified derivatives of ovine prolactin have been prepared: two
      by oxidation of the methionines by H2O2 to sulfoxide (partial and complete), and
      the third by complete alkylation of the metionines with iodoacetic acid to the
      carboxymethyl sulfonium salts. The derivatives were characterized by exclusion
      chromatography, amino acid composition, circular dichroism spectra, relative
      rates of digestion by trypsin, and biological activity. Partially oxidized
      prolactin, having four of its seven methionines oxidized, was very similar to the
      native hormone. The unmodified methionines in partially oxidized prolactin were
      found to be the residues at positions 36, 81 and 132. The prolactin derivatives
      in which all the methionines had been oxidized, or alkylated, showed major
      changes in all parameters examined. In addition, circular dichroism spectra
      indicated that complete modification of all the methionines in prolactin exposes
      the normally buried tryptophans.

PMID- 952955
TI  - Optical diffraction of tropoelastin and alpha-elastin coacervates.
AB  - Optical diffraction applied to micrographs of coacervated tropoelastin and alpha
      elastin show an equatorial repeat around 50 A. This confirms a 50 A center-to
      center distance of parallel aligned filaments to be a fundamental property of the
      tropoelastin and alpha-elastin coacervates. This periodicity is similar to that
      of mature cross-linked elastin. These results allow the conclusion that
      hydrophobic association is the predominant driving force for formation of
      filamentous elastin in vitro. It is suggested that the coacervate is a model for
      relaxed fibrous elastin.

PMID- 952956
TI  - Further studies on a highly purified glycoprotein from the intimal region of
      procine aorta.
AB  - Highly purified glycoprotein from the intimal region of porcine aorta was
      isolated with minor modifications of the procedure described previously. The
      molecular weight of the glycoprotein as determined by sedimentation equilibrium
      method either in presence of 0.1 M NaCl or 6 M guanidine-HCl containing beta
      mercaptoethanol was 72 000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the native glycoprotein and its S-carboxyamidomethyl
      derivative at different acrylamide concentrations showed no difference in the
      molecular weight indicating the absence of subunits. Attempts to determine the
      identity of the amino-terminal acid by a dansylation technique indicated that the
      amino group is not free. The carboxy-terminal amino acid was found to be serine
      after treatment of the glycoprotein with carboxypeptidase A. The glycoprotein did
      not contain an alkali-labile (O-glycosidic) carbohydrate-protein linkage as
      tested by the beta-elimination reaction. The release of monosaccharides from the
      glycoprotein as a function of time was studied employing mild acid hydrolysis
      (0.5 M HCl, 80 degrees C) and also by the use of neuraminidase, alpha-D-and beta
      D-glucosidases and beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase. From the observations of the
      release of monosaccharides and analogy with standard features determined by other
      investigators on soluble aortic glycoproteins, a prediction has been made as to
      the general features of the carbohydrate moiety of the glycoprotein.

PMID- 952957
TI  - Investigations on the primary structure of human plasminogen. Further evidence
      for sequence homology.
AB  - NH2-Terminal sequences were determined by the automated Edman method in four
      fragments which were isolated from a mixture of fragments obtained by CNBr
      cleavage of human plasminogen. One of the fragments whose sequence was determined
      over the first 31 residues shows sequence homologies with the fragment that forms
      the linkage between the plasmin chains and also with the non-thrombin part of
      prothrombin.

PMID- 952958
TI  - The primary structure of the myoglobin of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

PMID- 952959
TI  - Comparison of the amino acid sequence of pig heart myoglobin with other ungulate
      myoglobins.
AB  - The primary structure of pig heart myoglobin has been established by study of the
      tryptic peptides of whole globin and by analysis of the fragments obtained by
      CNBr cleavage. Thermolysin and chymotrypsin digestion were used to determine the
      sequence of the M fragment (56-131). Automatic Edman degradation of whole globin
      and of the M fragment completed the sequence of pig myoglobin. Comparison with
      other ungulates shows that pig myoglobin is far from other artiodactyls
      previously studied (ox and sheep) and close to the eutherian ancestral chain.

PMID- 952960
TI  - Hb-Volga or alpha 2 beta 2 27(B9)Ala replaced by Asp. An unstable hemoglobin
      variant in three generations of a Dutch family.

PMID- 952961
TI  - Characterization of the hemoglobin of Biomphalaria glabrata as a glycoprotein.
AB  - 1. The hemoglobin of Biomphalaria glabrata is a glycoprotein which contains 3%
      sugars. 2. The sugar moiety is composed of 2 mol of hexose and one mol of
      hexosamine per mol of monomer. 3. The hexosamine in the molecule is glucosamine.
      4. Mannose, galactose and fucose are present in the molecule in a ratio of 2:1:1.
      5. No sialic and uronic acids were detected in this hemoglobin.

PMID- 952962
TI  - A complex-forming glycoprotein heterogeneous in charge and present in human
      plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - A glycoprotein from the urine of one healthy individual was purified by
      ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography, gel chromatography and
      immunosorption. The protein contained only one polypeptide chain with an
      approximate molecular weight of 31 000 and was associated with a brown colour
      which did not disappear even after total reduction and alkylation of the protein
      followed by dialysis in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The protein appeared
      homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and gel
      chromatography. It had only one N-terminal amino acid sequence, Gly-Pro, and gave
      only one precipitate with a polyvalent antiserum but was found to be very
      heterorgeneous on agarose gel electrophoresis and on isoelectric focusing.
      Desialylation of the protein failed to alter this heterogeneity. An
      electroimmunoassay system was designed to measure the amount of the protein in
      normal human plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid where the mean concentrations
      were found to be about 100, 10 and 0.3 mg/l, respectively. The protein was found
      to occur in normal plasma and urine as free monomers and dimers and as complexes
      with IgA and albumin.

PMID- 952963
TI  - An assessment of protein secondary structure prediction methods based on amino
      acid sequence.
AB  - Five of the several secondary structure prediction methods based on protein amino
      acid sequence has been computerized, allowing the calculation of joint prediction
      histograms which have been shown to be superior to any individual prediction. The
      known structures of about 40 proteins experimentally determined by X-ray
      crystallography are compared with the predictions resulting from calculated
      histograms. The accuracy of the predictions for helices is generally much better
      than for both beta-sheet regions and for turns. The overall agreement between
      prediction and observation within the amino terminal half of the protein
      molecules is clearly superior to that for the carboxyl half, suggesting an amino
      nucleating core. Predictions for smaller proteins and thermally stable proteins
      are generally good, indicating the sensitivity of the methods to short-range but
      not long-range interactions. In less than half the cases tested were the
      predictions useful; there was no way of knowing ahead of time if a favorable
      prediction would result. Given the lack of dramatic improvement with an increase
      in data base for the schemes and the generally poor agreement factors, it appears
      that a perfect predictive algorithm must include a consideration of energy
      minimization, thermalization, and long-range interactions. Extreme caution is
      suggested in applying present prediction routines to unknown protein structures.

PMID- 952964
TI  - Formation of dityrosine cross-links in proteins by oxidation of tyrosine
      residues.
AB  - 1. Enzymic oxidation of proteins with peroxidase and hydrogenperoxide at a basic
      pH value leads to an oxidative phenolic coupling of adjacent tyrosine residues
      forming cross-linked proteins. 2. Dityrosine (3,3'-bityrosine) was identified as
      the cross-link in oxidised proteins by thin-layer chromatography, amino acid
      analysis and fluorescence measurements. 3. Gel filtration experiments with
      oxidised insulin showed that the cross-linkage is predominantly intermolecular.
      4. In tetranitromethane treated proteins, dityrosine could be identified after
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 952965
TI  - Preparation of a glass-adhering protein of the plasma membranes from peritoneal
      macrophages.

PMID- 952966
TI  - Preparation and properties of a neurotoxin purified from the venom of black widow
      spider (Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus).
AB  - A neurotoxin of the venom of the spider Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus, has
      been prepared in a homogeneous form and examined by a variety of techniques. The
      protein has a molecular weight of 130 000 and its toxicity in mice is about 49
      000 LD50 mg pure protein/g body weight. The toxin releases norepinephrine from
      synaptosomes prepared from rat brain and shows most of the toxic effects of the
      crude venom preparation.

PMID- 952967
TI  - Reinterpretation of luminiscence properties of neurotoxins from the venom of
      Middle-Asian corba Naja oxiana eichw.
AB  - A new interpretation of previous work (Bukolova-Orlova, T. G., Burstein, E.A. and
      Yukelson, L. Ya (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 342, 272-280) and some new data on
      the luminescence of neurotoxins I and II from Naja oxiana venom is given, based
      on the newer data on their complete amino acid sequences. Very effective
      excitation energy exchange exists between Trp-27 and Trp-33 in neurotoxin I and
      between Trp-27 and Trp-28 in neurotoxin II, Which results in the tryptophanyl
      fluorescence spectra of each of the proteins seeming to be monocomponent ones.
      The lowered fluorescence quantium yield value, the shortened phosphorescence
      lifetime (80% of the emission has tau p less than 0.5 s, 20% has tau p = 4.8 s,
      comparing with usual tau p = 5.5-5.9 s) and decreased phosphorescence to
      fluorescence ratio (0.042, as compared to the usual 0.4-0.7) for neurotoxin I
      suggest that the indole chromophore of Trp-27 and/or Trp-33 are in contact with
      heavy sulfur atoms of disulfide, most probably of Cys(28)-Cys(32). Tryptophanyls
      in neurotoxin II are exposed to the solvent, however their accessibility in
      relation to that of the free tryptophan to the negatively charged quencher I-
      (0.455) is much higher than that for the positively charged Cs+ (0.08), which is
      probably due to the proximity of cationic Lys-25, Lys-26 and His-31. The
      difference of accessibility to the negative and positive quenchers is even more
      pronounced in the case of the neurotoxin I (1.04 and 0 +/- 0.02, respectively),
      though in its chromophore vicinity along the primary structure there is only one
      cationic group, Lys-25. This fact together with the analysis of the amino acid
      sequence, suggest that the space folding of this polypeptide results in the close
      proximity of Trp-27 and/or Trp-33 with the C-terminal peptide segment 67-73,
      which contains four cationic groups (His-67, Lys-69, Lys-71 and Arg-72).

PMID- 952968
TI  - Hemoglobin A2-Roosevelt: alpha 2 delta 2 20Val replaced by Glu.

PMID- 952969
TI  - [Photosynthetic activity in the absence of CPl and CP2 pigmentary complexes
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Various photochemical activities were tested on chloroplasts of Zea mays that
      received 4 s of light every 4 h during the culture period. Photosystem I and
      Photosystem II were functioning, as well as the photosynthetic electron
      transport. These chloroplasts exhibited upon sodium dodecyl sulphate gel
      electrophoresis neither Complex 1 (Mr 70 000) generally associated with
      Photosystem I nor Complex 2 Mr 25 000) generally associated with Photosystem II.
      Chlorophyll is indeed attached to polypeptides of molecular weight 21 000 and 29
      000. These results lead us to question the functional role of chloroplast protein
      pigment complexes observed by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 952970
TI  - Studies on the nature of the inhibitory effect of trypsin on the photosynthetic
      electron transport of system II in spinach chloroplasts.
AB  - The effect of trypsin on the photosynthetic electron transport of spinach
      chloroplasts has been investigated by measurements of the flash-induced
      absorption changes, indicating chlorophyll a1 at 703 nm, chlorophyll aII at 690
      nm and at 515 nm via electrochromism the electrical potential gradient across the
      thylakoid membrane, respectively, and of the fluorescence induction caused by
      moderate actinic light. It was found: (1) In the presence of benzyl viologen as
      electron acceptor and with water as natural electron donor trypsin, incubation
      leads to a complete suppression of the absorption changes of the electrochromic
      effect and of chlorophyll aI and chlorophyll aII. (2) Addition of System I
      electron donors (N-methylphenazonium sulfate plus ascorbate or 2,6
      dichlorophenolindphenol plus ascorbate) fully restores the chlorophyll aI
      photoreaction, whereas the initial amplitude of the electrochromic absorption
      change at 515 nm amounts about 50% of the control value without trypsin. The
      chlorophyll aII inhibition remains uneffected by System I electron donors. (3)
      System II electron donors (benzohydroquinone plus ascorbate or TPB) are unable to
      overcome the inhibition of electron transport by trypsin. (4) The fluorescence
      induction curve in 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea-blocked chloroplasts
      is modified by trypsin. The level of maximal fluorescence is remarkably
      decreased, whereas the initial fluorescence remains constant. The rise in
      kinetics is slightly decelerated. From these results, it is concluded that in the
      linear electron transport from water to benzyl viologen, mild trypsin treatment
      specifically attacks System II at a site very close to the reaction center,
      either on the oxidizing or on the reducing side. The reaction center of System II
      itself is relatively stable against trypsin. Arguments are presented which argue
      in favor of the trypsin attack being primarily directed at the reducing side of
      System II.

PMID- 952971
TI  - Studies on the structural and functional organization of system II of
      photosynthesis. The use of trypsin as a structurally selective inhibitor at the
      outer surface of the thylakoid membrane.
AB  - The effect of trypsin on the photosynthetic electron transport has been
      investigated in the presence of various electron acceptors (benzyl viologen, p
      benzo-quinone, K3[Fe(CN)6]) by measurements of flash-induced oxygen evolution and
      of the absorption changes at 334 nm, indicating the primary electron acceptor of
      System II, X 320, and at 515 nm, indicating via electrochromism the electrical
      potential gradient across the thylakoid membrane. It was found that the effect of
      trypsin is strongly dependent on the nature of the electron acceptor: (1) Oxygen
      evolution is completely inhibited in the presence of p-benzo-quinone, but remains
      nearly unaffected by K3[Fe(CN)]6. (2) The initial amplitude deltaAO of the 334 nm
      absorption change is insensitive to trypsin in the presence of K3[Fe(CN)6], but
      the absorption change is abolished if benzyl viologen is used as acceptor. (3)
      The initial amplitude deltaAO of the 515 nm absorption change decreases by
      trypsin down to 50% with K3[Fe(CN)6] and is completely suppressed with benzyl
      viologen. (4) In trypsinated chloroplasts, the above-mentioned activities appear
      to be rather insensitive to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, in contrast
      to normal chloroplasts. On the basis of these results it is inferred that the
      primary electron acceptor of System II, X 320, is covered by a proteinaceous
      component susceptible to tryptic digestion. In addition, it is postulated that
      this component acts as well as an allosteric protein responsible for the
      regulation of the electronic interaction between X 320 and the plastoquinone
      pool, as for the inhibitory effect of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea.
      Various other possible effects caused by the proteinaceous shield and its
      modification by trypsin are discussed. The present results are in complete
      agreement with asymmetric membrane models postulating a zig-zag arrangement of
      the electron transport chain with the reducing side located towards the outer
      phase and the oxidizing side near the inner phase of the thylakoids.

PMID- 952972
TI  - The effect of magnesium ions on action spectra for reactions mediated  by
      photosystems I and II in spinach chloroplasts.
AB  - Action spectra were measured for positive changes in variable fluorescence
      (emission greater than 665 nm) excited by a beam of 485 nm chopped at 75 HZ. The
      action of two further beams were compared, one being variable, the other
      (reference) constant with respect to wavelength and intensity. Comparison was
      achieved by alternating the reference and the variable wavelength beams at 0.3 HZ
      and adjusting the intensity of the latter such as to cancel out any 0.3 HZ
      component in the 75 HZ fluorescence signal. The relative action then was obtained
      as the reciprocal of the intensity of the variable wavelength beam. Similarly,
      action spectra were measured for O2 evolution with ferricyanide/p
      phenylenediamine as electron acceptor, and for O2 uptake mediated by methyl
      viologen with ascorbate 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea as electron donor in
      the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. Addition of 5 mM MgCl2 increases
      the relative action around 480 nm for the change in variable fluorescence and p
      phenylenediamine-dependent O2 evolution, and decreases it for methyl viologen
      mediated O2 uptake with 2,6-dichlorophenolindo-phenol/ascorbate as electron donor
      in the presence of 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. The change in variable
      fluorescence and O2 evolution are stimulated by MgCl2, whereas O2 uptake is
      inhibited by it. The results are discussed in terms of a model assuming a
      tripartite organization of the photosynthetic pigments (Thornber, J. P. and
      Highkin, H. R. (1974) Eur. J. Biochem. 41, 109-116; Butler, W. L. and Kitajima,
      M. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 396, 72-85). MgCl2 is thought to promote energy
      transfer to Photosystem II from a light-harvesting pigment complex serving both
      photosystems.

PMID- 952973
TI  - A demonstration of energy transfer from photosystem II to photosystem I in
      chloroplasts.
AB  - Photosystem I activity of Tris-washed chloroplasts was measured at room
      temperature as the rate of photoreduction of NADP and as the rate of oxygen
      uptake mediated  by methyl viologen in both cases using dichlorophenolindophenol
      plus ascorbate as the source of electrons for Photosystem I. With both assay
      systems the rate of electron transport by Photosystem  I was stimulated approx.
      20% by the addition of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea which caused the
      Photosystem II reaction centers to close. Photosystem I activity of chloroplasts
      was measured at low temperature as the rate of photooxidation of P-700.
      Chloroplasts suspended in the presence of hydroxylamine and 3-(3,4
      dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea were frozen to -196 degrees C after adaptation
      to darkness or after a preillumination at room temperature. The Photosystem II
      reaction centers of the frozen dark-adapted sample were all open; those of the
      preilluminated sample were all closed. The rate of photooxidation of P-700 at 
      196 degrees C with the preilluminated sample was approx. 25% faster than with the
      dark-adapted sample. We conclude from both the room temperature and the low
      temperature experiments that there is greater energy transfer from Photosystem II
      to Photosystem I when the Photosystem II reaction centers are closed and that
      these results are a direct demonstration of spillover.

PMID- 952974
TI  - Picosecond kinetics of chlorophyll and chlorophyll/quinone solutions in ethanol.
AB  - The mechanism of quenching by quinones of the lowest excited singlet state of
      chlorophyll has been investigated using picosecond laser spectroscopy. With
      chlorophyll alone, laser excitation resulted in immediate (less than 10 ps)
      bleaching of the 665 nm band and production of new absorption bands in the
      regions 460-550 and 800-830 nm. The lifetimes of these changes were greater than
      500 ps. Addition of 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone caused quenching of these absorbance
      changes. No indication of chlorophyll cation radical formation was obtained.
      Thus, the interaction between quinone and the chlorophyll excited singlet state
      results in energy dissipation without measurable formation of radical species
      having lifetimes longer than 10 ps. This is in marked contrast to the quenching
      of the chlorophyll lowest triplet state by quinones, during which easily
      detectable stable radical formation has been observed.

PMID- 952975
TI  - Control of oxidative phosphorylation by the extra-mitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio.
AB  - The control of mitochondrial ATP synthesis by the extramitochondrial adenine
      nucleotide pattern was investigated with rat liver mitochondria. It is
      demonstrated that any stationary state between the two limit states of maximum
      activity (state 3) and of resting activity (state 4) can be obtained by a
      hexokinase-glucose trap as an ADP-regenerating system. These intermediate states
      are characterized by stationary respiratory rates, stationary redox levels of the
      cytochromes b and c and stationary levels of extramitochondrial ATP and ADP
      between the rates and levels of the limit states. At a constant concentration of
      inorganic phosphate the activity of mitochondria between the limit states is
      controlled by the extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio independent of the total
      concentration of adenine nucleotides present. The control range was found to be
      between ratios of about 5 and 100 at 10 mM phosphate. At lower ratios the
      mitochondria are in their maximum phosphorylating state. With succinate+rotenone
      and glutamate+malate the same control range was observed, indicating that it is
      independent of the nature of substrate oxidized. The results suggest that in the
      control range the mitochondrial activity is limited by the competition of ADP and
      ATP for the adenine nucleotide translocator.

PMID- 952976
TI  - Cooperative binding of calcium to glycerinated skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - The binding of 45Ca2+ to glycerinated rabbit psoas fibers was measured by means
      of a double isotope technique. With 5 mM Mg2+ (no ATP) binding was half-maximal
      at 1.4-10(-6) M Ca2+ and the maximal amount bound was 1.6 mumol/g protein. At
      less than 50% saturation, the Scatchard plot had a positive slope and the Hill
      coefficient was 2.2. At greater than 50% saturation, the Scatchard plot was
      linear with a negative slope (K' = 0.8 - (10(6) M-1) and the Hill coefficient was
      1.0. In the absence of Mg2+, binding was half-maximal at 3 - 10(-7) M Ca2+ and
      the maximal amount bound was 2.9 mumol/g protein. The Scatchard plot indicated
      two classes of sites with K' values of about 2 - 10(7) and 2 - 10(6) M-1. The
      Hill coefficient in the mid-saturation range was approx. 0.6. The data indicate
      that in the presence of the Mg2+ binding to about half of the total Ca2+ binding
      sites is suppressed and there is a strong positive cooperativity involving half
      of the ramaining sites.

PMID- 952977
TI  - Positional and fatty acid specificity of monoacyl- and diacylglycerol 3-phosphate
      formation by rabbit heart microsomes.
AB  - Fatty acid selectivity of acyl-CoA:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (EC
      2.3.1.15) and acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.52)
      of the microsomal fraction prepared from rabbit heart was studied. 1. The rate of
      acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate was increased proportionally with the
      concentration of acyl-CoA. The maximum rate was reached at 0.3 mumol acyl-CoA per
      ml. Palmitoyl-, oleoyl- and linoleoyl-CoA all served equally well as acyl donors,
      and produced approximately equal amounts of mono- and diacylglycerol 3-phosphate.
      The rate of reaction measured in the presence of two acyl-CoA esters was similar
      to that in the presence of a single acyl-CoA. 2. Treatment of synthesized
      monoacylglycerol 3-phosphate with Crotalus adamanteus venom phospholipase A2 (EC
      3.1.1.4) and that with phosphatidate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) indicated that the
      heart enzyme synthesized almost exclusively 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate regardless
      of the kind of acyl donor. 3. Hydrolysis of diacylglycerol 3-phosphate with
      phospholipase A2 revealed that there was a slight preference for linoleoyl-CoA at
      position 2 and a slight discrimination against palmitoyl- and stearoyl-CoA at
      position 2, when diacylglycerol 3-phosphate was synthesized in the presence of a
      mixture of acyl-CoA esters. When diacylglycerol 3-phosphate was formed in the
      presence of a single acyl-CoA, the fatty acid distribution was random. 4. The
      rate of acylation of 1-palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate by rabbit heart microsomal
      fraction was increased proportionally to the increasing concentrations of 1
      palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate up to 50 nmol per ml; higher concentrations were
      inhibitory. Differences in the activities measured with palmitoyl-, oleoyl- and
      linoleoyl-CoA as acyl donors were negligible. When stearoyl-, arachidonoyl- and
      erucoyl-CoA acted as acyl donors, the rates of reaction were low. 5. The acyl
      CoA:1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity increased
      proportionally to the increasing concentrations of acyl-CoA up to 10 nmol per ml;
      acyl donor specificity was similar to that found above [4]. The acyltransferase
      showed

PMID- 952978
TI  - The lipid intermediates arising during glycoprotein biosynthesis in liver
      microsomes.
AB  - Incubation of liver microsomes with GDP [14C] mannose leads to the formation of
      lipid-linked derivatives of [14C] mannose, a dolichol phosphate monosaccharide
      and dolichol pyrophosphate oligosaccharides. Standard procedures for separating
      these two types of compounds from each other were found to be deficient in that
      fractions thought to contain only dolichol pyrophosphate oligosaccharides are
      contaminated with dolichol phosphate mannose. This paper presents a column
      chromatographic procedure which conveniently separates the products of an 8 min
      labeling experiment into two components; dolichol phosphate [14C]mannose and a
      [14C]-mannose containing oligosaccharide which is also lipid bound. When this
      oligosaccharide is released from the lipid by hydrolysis and chromatographed on
      Sephadex G-50 or G-15 it gives a single peak with an indicated molecular weight
      of 1100. However, when this released oligosaccharide is chromatographed on
      concanavalin A Sepharose it is resolved into two peaks suggesting that there may
      be 2 oligosaccharide of approximately the same size but different structures.
      After brief periods of labeling with GDP [14C]mannose (5 s) an additional
      oligosaccharide of 3 to 4 sugar residues can be found in the dolichol
      pyrophosphate oligosaccharides fraction. Incubation of liver microsomes with UDP
      [14C]glucose or UDP[14C]galactose produces oligosaccharide components containing
      7--8 sugar residues. Labeling of microsomes with UDP[14C]acetylglucosamine gives
      rise to three different components, including a lipid bound oligosaccharide
      containing 3- 5 sugar residues.

PMID- 952979
TI  - Rat intestinal glycolipids. II. Distribution and biosynthesis of glycolipids and
      ceramide in villus and crypt cells.
AB  - Intestinal epithelial cells were isolated from rat intestine and grouped into
      villus and crypt cell fractions. Glycolipids were purified from each cell
      fraction and quantitated by fluorimetric determination of glycolipid sphingosine.
      Significant quantities of ceramide were found in all cell fractions and accounted
      for approximately 15% of total glycolipid sphingosine. While villus and crypt
      cell fractions quantitatively contained differing amounts of sphingosine, all
      cell fractions contained proportionally similar quantities of sphingosine when
      compared to cellular cholesterol or phospholipid. Individual glycolipids,
      however, showed significant differences in distribution between villus and crypt
      cells. Hematoside and glucosylceramide were proportionally increased in villus
      cells, while crypt cells showed an increase in trihexosylceramide and ceramide
      content. The rate of UDPglucose : hydroxy fatty acid ceramide glucosyltransferase
      was higher in villus cells while the rate of UDPgalactose : lactosylceramide
      galactosyltransferase was 3--4 times increased in crypt cells. These studies
      demonstrate that significant differences in both the distribution and
      biosynthesis of individual glycolipids occur in crypt and villus cells of rat
      intestine and are of possible importance in the process of intestinal cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 952980
TI  - A comparative study of the glycolipids of human, bird and fish testes and of
      human sperm.
AB  - The glycolipids of human testis and sperm have been compared. Both adult testis
      and the sperm exhibited remarkably complex, but generally similar, patterns of
      glycolipids. In particular, both contained appreciable amounts of the
      sulfogalactosylmonoalkylmonoacylglycerol, recently shown to be the principal
      glycolipid of the testis and sperm of a number of animals. In contrast, immature
      (prebuteral) human testis did not contain this compound. To extend knowledge on
      the possible distribution of sulfogalactosylmonoalkylmonoacylglycerol in the
      testes of other chordates, we have also analysed the glycolipids of the testes of
      a number of birds and fish. None of the testes from these species contained the
      above compound. Instead, sulfogalactosylceramide was found to be a major
      glycolipid of the testis of mature fowl, duck and skate-fish and
      sulfogalactosylglucosylceramide of the testis of mature salmon and trout.
      Immature duck testis contained only a trace of sulfogalactosylceramide. These
      studies reveal intriguing differences between the sulfatides of various
      chordates, lend support to the concept that sulfatides increase markedly in
      testis at a specific stage of spermatogenesis and suggest an important role for
      sulfatides in testicular and spermatozoal function.

PMID- 952981
TI  - In vitro incorporation of isomeric cis-octadecenoic acids by rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - The metabolic fate of positional isomers of cis-octadecenoic acids was compared
      to that of oleic acid, elaidic acid and stearic acid in rat liver mitochondria.
      The positional isomers as well as elaidic acid and stearic acid were labelled
      with 3H and they were incubated in pairs with [1-14C]oleic acid. 3H/14C ratios
      were determined for the administered mixtures and for the isolated lipid classes.
      The results suggested that all isomers were readily incorporated into the
      membraneous structure of mitochondria. Those with the double bond in the middle
      of the acyl chain resembled oleic acid and they were preferentially incorporated
      in cholesterol esters, triacylglycerols and in the 2-position of triacylglycerols
      and of phosphatidylcholines. Those with the double bond away from the middle of
      the chain were metabolically distinct from oleic acid and behaved like trans
      fatty acids. They were rapidly taken up by mitochondria. They were preferentially
      incorporated in phospholipids and they occupied the 1-position in
      phosphatidylcholines and the 1- and 3-positions in triacylglycerols.

PMID- 952982
TI  - Effects of the thyroid state on cholesterol metabolism in the rat.
AB  - An isotopic equilibrium method which permits the in vivo measurements of
      cholesterol turnover processes was applied to different groups of rats: (1)
      radiothyroidectomized, (2) low-iodine fed, and (3) L-thyroxin fed. Plasma
      cholesterol concentrations were enhanced after thyroidectomy and reduced by large
      dose of L-thyroxin. A low-iodine diet decreased plasma thyroxin level but did not
      affect plasma cholesterol. Thyroid levels in plasma modified the coefficient of
      intestinal absorption of cholesterol. After thyroidectomy or under conditions of
      reduced thyroxin formation this absorption coefficient was enhanced. The
      absorption coefficient of cholesterol was decreased in rats receiving 31 or 61.5
      mug/day of L-thyroxin but was not changed in rats fed 110 mug/day L-thyroxin. The
      proportion of de novo biosynthetisized cholesterol eliminated into the feces
      (external secretion) was reduced while thyroxin levels were low. The fecal
      excretion of cholesterol and the in vitro exchange of cholesterol between
      erythrocytes and plasma were increased by L-thyroxin ingestion. The rate of
      cholesterol biosynthesis was decreased after thyroidectomy and enhanced by L
      thyroxin feeding. In fact, changes in thyroid state modified indirectly the
      biosynthesis of cholesterol by its effects on metabolism and on the coefficient
      of intestinal absorption of cholesterol.

PMID- 952983
TI  - Linoleic acid desaturation activity of liver microsomes of essential fatty acid
      deficient and sufficient rats.
AB  - Studies were carried out to relate the changes of the fatty acid and lipid
      composition of rat microsomes with the modification of the activity of the
      linoleic acid desaturation evoked by an essential fatty acid deficient diet. Two
      steps were shown in the progression of the essential fatty acid deficienty. In a
      first step shown at three days of essential fatty acid deficiency the fatty acid
      composition was changed by decreasing linoleic and arachidonic acids and
      increasing oleic and eicosatrienoic (-9) acids. No change was found in the lipid
      distribution and approximate V and Km of the linoleic acid desaturation. In this
      first step the unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio fell in spite of the
      synthesis of eicosatrienoic (n-9) acid that was produced without any change of
      enzyme activity. In a second step shown at 15 days of essential fatty acid
      deficiency the change of the fatty acid composition was greater but the
      unsaturated/saturated acid ratio was restored. An increase of triacylglycerols
      and a decrease of phospholipids was also detected together with an enhanced
      activity of linoleic acid desaturation (higher approximate V) and a higher
      approximate Km. The increase of the V of linoleic acid desaturation is considered
      to be evoked by an increased level of active delta-6 desaturase. The increased
      activity of the delta-6 desaturase in this second period is a secondary and
      important response of the cell to maintain the unsaturated : saturated acid ratio
      and fluidity of the membrane.

PMID- 952984
TI  - Concentration changes of bile acids in sequential segments of pigeon intestine
      and their relation to bile acid absorption.
AB  - Changes in the concentration of bile acids in sequential segments of pigeon
      intestine were measured. It was found that the jejunum has the highest
      concentration of bile acids. When the ratio of bile acids to beta-sitosterol (a
      non-absorbable dietary marker) was examined in contents of various segments, it
      was found that the ratio showed a marked decrease (86.6%) from the upper to lower
      jejunum while the subsequent changes in other segments were not as striking. This
      indicates that the jejunum is the major site of bile acid absorption in the
      pigeon, unlike in mammals, where the ileum has been shown to be the major site of
      bile acid absorption. This notion was confirmed by studies of the effect of ileal
      bypass in these pigeons. This surgical procedure did not significantly change the
      fecal excretion of bile acids or neutral sterols indicating that the jejunum is
      capable of maintaining a normal enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in the
      absence of the ileum in the pigeons.

PMID- 952985
TI  - Effects of local anaesthetics on phospholipases.
AB  - 1. The effects of six local anaesthetics have been studied on the activities of
      soluble phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) and lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5). 2.
      Phospholipase A2 activity in human seminal plasma towards sonicated radioactively
      labelled phosphatidylethanolamine was slightly stimulated a low and inhibited at
      high concentrations of all anaesthetic compounds employed. The order of
      decreasing potency was chlorpromazine, dibucaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, cocaine
      and procaine. In line with previous findings, the mode of inhibition was seen to
      be competitive with respect to Ca2+. 3. Phospholipase A2 activity in crude venom
      of Crotalus adamanteus was not affected or slightly stimulated by local
      anaesthetics up to 10(-2) M concentrations, when egg yolk was used as substrate.
      However, with sonicated radioactively-labelled phosphatidylcholine or
      phosphatidylethanolamine as substrate, stimulation of phospholipase activity was
      seen with all local anaesthetics up to 10(-2) M, the order of decreasing potency
      again being chlorpromazine, dibucaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, cocaine and
      procaine. The mode of stimulation was seen to be un-competitive with respect to
      substrate and probably independent of any involvement of Ca2+. 4. As in seminal
      plasma phospholipase A2, the activity in crude Naja naja venom towards sonicated
      radioactively labelled phosphatidylcholine was stimulated at low and inhibited at
      high concentrations of dibucaine and chloropromazine, for example. The mode of
      inhibition was seen to be competitive with respect to Ca2+, whereas stimulation
      by the anaesthetic drugs was independent of Ca2+. Binding between drug and enzyme
      was demonstrated by equilibration filtration of purified phospholipase A2 of Naja
      naja venom through a Sephadex G 25-fine column, previously equilibrated with 0.5
      mM radioactively labelled chlorpromazine. 5. Lysophospholipase activity in rat
      liver cytosol towards radioactively labelled lysophosphatidylcholine was 
      inhibited by all local anaesthetics used; the order of decreasing potency was
      chlorpromazine, dibucaine, tetracaine, cocaine, lidocaine and procaine. The
      inhibition was un-competitive with respect to substrate. 6. The inhibitory and
      stimulatory potencies of the local anaesthetics employed closely parallel their
      lipid solubilities and anaesthetic potencies.

PMID- 952987
TI  - Metabolism of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid in human platelets.
AB  - The following labeled compounds were isolated and identified after incubation of
      8,11,14-eicosatrien [1-14C] oic acid with human platelets: 12-L-hydroxy-8,10,14
      eicosatrienoic acid, 8,11,12-trihydroxy-9,14-eicosadienoic acid, 8,9,12
      trihydroxy-10,14-eicosadienoic acid, 12-L-hydroxy-8,10-heptadecadienoic acid,
      prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin D1, and 8-(1-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)-9,12-dihydroxy
      10-heptadecenoic acid (thromboxane B1).

PMID- 952986
TI  - The relationship between chain elongation of palmitoyl-CoA and phospholipid
      content in rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The relationship between the chain elongation of palmitoyl-CoA and phospholipid
      content in rat liver microsomes was studied. When liver microsomes were incubated
      with phospholipase C, microsomal phospholipids were linearly hydrolyzed during 10
      min of incubation under the present experimental conditions. Coincident with the
      decrease in microsomal phospholipid content by phospholipase C treatment, the
      chain elongation activity also decreased linearly. The decreased chain elongation
      activity in phospholipase C-treated microsomes was completely or partially
      recovered by the addition of a sonicated dispersion of phosphatidylcholine,
      microsomal phospholipids or phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine
      mixtures. The extent of recovery of decreased activity by a sonicated dispersion
      of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine mixture was gradually reduced by
      increasing amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine in the dispersion. In addition,
      the chain elongation activity in native nicrosomes was more stimulated by the
      addition of a sonicated dispersion of phosphatidylcholine alone than by that of
      phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine mixtures. The chain elongation
      activity of palmitoyl-CoA was inhibited by the addition of stearoyl-CoA which is
      the end-product of this reaction. The inhibitory effect of stearoyl-CoA was
      partially eliminated by the addition of a sonicated dispersion of
      phosphatidylcholine. The increase of the chain elongation activity in native and
      phospholipase C-treated microsomes by the addition of a sonicated dispersion of
      phosphatidylcholine was not related to the activity of fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase.

PMID- 952988
TI  - Triacylglycerol contents and in vivo lipogenesis of ob/ob, db/db and Avy/a mice.
AB  - The triacylglycerol content and the in vivo lipogenesis rates of the liver and
      the carcass of 12 groups of mice were studied. They were mice of three strains
      and affected by mutations at three loci: C57BL/6J-ob/ob and normal mice;
      C57BL/KsJ-db/db and normal mice; and VY/WfL-Avy/a and normal mice. Each type of
      mice was studied at two body weight levels, before and after the mutants became
      grossly obese. It was found that the C57BL/6J-ob/ob and the C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice
      had the characteristics of juvenile type obesity. They had higher lipogenesis
      rates and accumulated more triacylglycerol when they were young. They gained
      weight rapidly mainly due to the accumulation of more triacylglycerol as they
      matured. Their total triacylglycerol content could reach 50% of their body
      weight. At maturity, their lipogenesis rates had decreased to normal. In
      contrast, the VY/WfL-Avy/a mice had the characteristics of maturity-onset type
      obesity. When they were young, they did not have higher lipogenesis rates and had
      only a moderate amount of triacylglycerol stored. They did not gain weight
      rapidly as they matured. However, when they reached maturity, their lipogenesis
      rate did not decrease. Their body triacylglycerol content was about 25% of their
      weight.

PMID- 952989
TI  - Studies on lysophospholipases. VIII. Immunochemical differences between two
      lysophospholipases from beef liver.
AB  - 1. Two distinct lysophospholipases have previously been obtained in homogeneous
      form from beef liver. In this paper, we demonstrate that ageing of a beef liver
      homogenate does not result in a change in the ratio of the two enzymatic
      activities, indicating that no interconversion of the lysophospholipases took
      place. 2. Possible partial structural relationships between the two enzymes were
      explored by immunochemical techniques. Rabbit antisera raised against each
      individual lysophospholipase showed no cross-reactivity with the other enzyme.
      This was concluded from immuno double-diffusion experiments and from the results
      of immunoprecipitation of enzymatic activities in solution. 3. Lysophospholipase
      and esterase activity in the purified preparation of lysophospholipase II from
      beef liver were concomitantly precipitated by anti-serum against
      lysophospholipase II. This is further proof that both enzymatic activities reside
      in a single polypeptide chain, in agreement with previous results of isoelectric
      focusing experiments.

PMID- 952990
TI  - Cholesterol sulfate in rat tissues. Tissue distribution, developmental change and
      brain subcellular localization.
AB  - 1. A reliable micromethod for the determination of the tissue level of
      cholesterol sulfate has been developed. Cholesterol sulfate was separated from
      the bulk of the free cholesterol by silica gel column chromatography, and the
      cholesterol sulfate fraction subjected to benzoylation. A small amount of
      contaminating free cholesterol and other lipids remaining in this fraction were
      converted to benzoyl esters while the cholesterol sulfate remained unreacted. The
      cholesterol sulfate was then separated from the benzoylated contaminants by a
      second silica gel chromatography column and subjected to solvolysis. The
      liberated cholesterol was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. 2. The
      cholesterol sulfate contents of the visceral organs of 43-day-old rats were
      determined. Every tissue examined contained small amounts of this sulfate. Kidney
      contained the highest concentration of cholesterol sulfate (250-300 mug/g dry
      tissue weight) followed by spleen (77 mug/g), adrenal gland (50-70 mug/g) and
      lung (50-57 mug/g). 3. In brain, cholesterol sulfate level rises sharply from 17
      mug/g dry weight in 7-day-old rats to more than 50 mug/g in 15-day-olds, then it
      declines rapidly to 15 mug/g in the 40-day-olds and this level is maintained to
      adulthood. The developmental pattern in the liver resembles that in the brain,
      except that the peak is somewhat flatter with the highest value (60 mug/g dry
      weight) occurring in the 21-day-old animal. In contrast to the above two tissues,
      the level of kidney cholesterol sulfate increases steadily from 15 mug/g in 7-day
      olds and reaches the adult level of approx. 200 mug/g in 50-day-olds. 4. The
      highest level of cholesterol sulfate in subcellular fractions of rat brain
      occurred in a fraction rich in nerve endings. The level here was 10 times higher
      than that in the mitochondrial fraction, which contained the lowest levels of
      this steroid sulfate.

PMID- 952991
TI  - The effect of portacaval anastomosis on plasma lipoprotein metabolism in rats.
AB  - 1. The effect of portacaval anastomosis on the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins
      was investigated in rats. 2. When compared with sham-operated pair-fed controls,
      plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was decreased, plasma
      low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was increased and plasma total
      cholesterol concentration was unchanged in the portacaval anastomosis rats.
      Maximal incorporation of [14C]leucine into the total circulating mass of protein
      was decreased in the very low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein
      fractions and, possibly, in the low density lipoprotein fraction, but there was
      no change in maximal incorporation into albumin. It is concluded that portacaval
      anastomosis diminishes the rate of synthesis of high density lipoprotein and very
      low density lipoprotein proteins and, possibly, of low density lipoprotein
      proteins.

PMID- 952992
TI  - The glycosphingolipids of rat sublingual and submaxillary glands.
AB  - 1. Glycosphingolipids have been isolated from rat sublingual and submaxillary
      glands by the procedure involving lipid extraction, column fractionation and thin
      layer chromatography. 2. The major neutral glycosphingolipids in rat sublingual
      and submaxillary glands were monohexosylceramide, dihexosylceramide,
      tetrahexosylceramide and pentahexosylceramide. Both types of glands exhibited a
      low content of trihexosylceramide. The fucose-containing glycosphingolipids were
      not found. 3. The acidic glycosphingolipids in rat sublingual and submaxillary
      glands were composed of monohexose sulfatide, dihexose sulfatide and monosialo
      and disialogangliosides of hematoside series. In addition, small quantities of
      gangliosides containing hexosamines were also present. 4. The distribution of
      acidic and neutral glycosphingolipids was similar in the sublingual and
      submaxillary glands, except for the tetrahexosylceramide and sultatides.
      Sublingual glands contained 1.5 and 3.0 times as much tetrahexosylceramide and
      sulfatides, respectively, as did submaxillary glands. 5. The glycosphingolipids
      of submaxillary and sublingual glands showed large similarity in fatty acid
      composition. The fatty acid composition of gangliosides resembled each other, but
      differed remarkably from those of sulfatides and neutral glycosphingolipids in
      the docosanoate content.

PMID- 952993
TI  - [Characterisation of D(-)glyceric acid from Nocardia caviae (author's transl)].
AB  - A glycolipid was found in a strain of Nocardia caviae. It consists of glucose,
      myristic, palmitic and stearic acids and a polyhydroxylated acid. The structure
      of this hydroxyacid was demonstrated by the identification of the product
      glycerol after LiA1H4 reduction of the glycolipid methyl ester and subsequent
      hydrolysis, by comparison of the infrared spectra of the hydroxyacid and glyceric
      acid, by gas chromatography of acetylated methyl and ethyl esters of the
      polyhydroxylated acid and of standard glyceric acid and by mass spectrometry of
      the diacetylated methyl ester. The hydroxyacid from the glycolipid is D(
      )glyceric acid, a compound rarely found amongst natural products.

PMID- 952994
TI  - Abnormal activation of sterol synthesis in lymphocytes of atherosclerotic
      susceptible pigeons and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients.
AB  - Delipidated human sera enhances the incorporation of [2-14C]acetate, but not
      mevalonate, into digitonin-precipitable sterols of pigeon lymphocytes. Show Racer
      and White Carneau pigeons exhibit inherited differences in induction of sterol
      synthesis dissociated from inheritance of hypercholesterolemia. Moreover,
      lymphocytes of three familial hypercholesterolemic individuals, having serum
      cholesterol level in the normal range by drug therapy, exhibited a higher
      activation of sterol synthesis by delipidated sera when compared to cells of
      normal individuals. It is suggested that genetic abnormality in lymphocytes of
      familial hypercholesterolemic can be dissociated from hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 952995
TI  - Metabolism of delta7- and delta5,7-sterols by Phytophthora cactorum.
AB  - delta7- and delta5,7-Sterols are converted to the corresponding delta5-sterols by
      Phytophthora cactorum. When delta7-sterols were supplied to the fungus, delta5-
      and delta7-sterols were recovered in an acetone extract of the mycelium, the
      proportion of delta5-sterol being higher in the free sterol fraction than in the
      esters. When delta5,7-sterols were supplied, delta5-sterols were recovered. No
      delta5,7-sterols were found in the mycelium. The initial rate of uptake of the
      sterols was in the order delta5 greater than delta7 greater than delta5,7.

PMID- 952996
TI  - Isolation and characterization of insect vitellogenin. Its identity with
      hemolymph lipoprotein II.
AB  - Several years ago, we isolated two major lipoproteins from the pupal hemolymph of
      the Cynthia silkworm, both of which contained diacylglycerol as a major lipid,
      and named them lipoproteins I and II. In this paper, we present definite evidence
      that the vitellogenin (female protein) of this insect is indeed identical with
      lipoprotein II.

PMID- 952997
TI  - Lesions in post-ribosomal supernatant fractions associated with loss of viability
      in pea (Pisum arvense) seed.
AB  - RNA synthesis and protein synthesis in viable pea embryonic axis tissue commences
      during the first hour of water imbibition whilst DNA synthesis commences after 8
      h of imbibition. Neither DNA synthesis nor protein synthesis could be detected in
      non-viable axis tissue during the first 24 h of imbibition but some RNA synthesis
      is detectable during this period. Both post-ribosomal supernatant and ribosomal
      fractions from imbibed non-viable embryonic axis tissue were impaired in their
      ability to support polyphenylalanine synthesis in a cell-free protein
      synthesising system, yet the same fractions isolated from unimbibed non-viable
      axis tissue were as efficient as equivalent fractions from unimbibed viable axis
      tissue in the support of polyphenylalanine synthesis in the cell-free system. A
      major lesion in elongation factor 1 activity and additional lesions in elongation
      factor 2 and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase activities were detected in the post
      ribosomal supernatants isolated from non-viable embryonic axis tissue.

PMID- 952998
TI  - Ion binding and chromatin condensation.
AB  - 1. The binding of 45Ca2+ to hen erythrocyte chromatin has been studied to help
      elucidate how cations induce a reversible condensation of this chromatin. 2. As
      the unbound Ca2+ of the medium rises from 0.5 to 4 mM, Ca2+ is bound to the
      chromatin with a stability constant of approx. 3.1 and a saturation value of 0.25
      Ca2+ per DNA phosphate, or one-half the value for pure DNA. Condensation of the
      chromatin is half complete when this binding of calcium is roughly half complete.
      Hence the transition from the uncondensed to the condensed state occurs as
      repulsion between the free DNA phosphates of erythrocyte chromatin is neutralised
      by bound cations. Genetically active chromatin may be maintained in an
      uncondensed state in living cells by the presence of different negative groups
      that remain unneutralised at the unbound cation concentrations of the cell. 3.
      That only one-half of the calcium binding sites of DNA are masked in erythrocyte
      chromatin supports recent models of chromatin structure in which the DNA double
      helix is wound round a core of histones. 4. Competition for calcium binding sites
      in the chromatin by other cations was also studied.

PMID- 952999
TI  - DNA uptake by Streptomyces species.
AB  - Uptake of homologous and heterologous radioactively labelled DNA was studied in
      ten Streptomyces species. Among these, S. kasugaensis and S. virginiae were shown
      to take up 0.5-2.0% of the supplied donor DNA at a well-defined point in their
      growth cycle. The heterologous donor DNA taken up retained its original buoyant
      density in CsCl gradients. Other strains either extensively degraded the donor
      DNA or showed poor uptake efficiency.

PMID- 953000
TI  - Lesions in the ribosomes of non-viable pea (Pisum arvense) embryonic axis tissue.
AB  - Ribosomes isolated from either dry viable or non-viable pea embryonic axis tissue
      were equally effective in the support of polyphenylalanine synthesis in a poly(U)
      directed cell-free protein-synthesising system. Ribosomes isolated from imbibed
      non-viable axis tissue were impaired in their ability to support
      polyphenylalanine synthesis in the cell-free system. RNA isolated from ribosomes
      and 40-S ribosomal subunits of dry or imbibed viable axis tissue was found not to
      be degraded, whereas the equivalent RNA species isolated from non-viable axis
      tissue showed an increased degree of breakdown as imbibition proceeded. Even
      though rRNA of imbibed non-viable axis tissue was degraded, the ribosomes and
      ribosomal subunits of these embryos appeared intact. In viable embryonic axis
      tissue the percentage of ribosomes present in the cell in the form of polysomes
      increased during imbibition whereas no polysomes could be detected in ribosomal
      preparations from dry or imbibed non-viable axis tissue. The breakdown of rRNA in
      ribosomal particles from non-viable axis tissue may be a contributory factor to
      senescence and loss of viability in Pisum arvense.

PMID- 953001
TI  - Aminoacylation of Phaseolus vulgaris cytoplasmic, chloroplastic and mitochondrial
      tRNAsPro and tRNAsLys by homologous and heterologous enzymes.
AB  - The cytoplasmic prolyl-tRNA synthetase can be separated by hydroxyapatite
      chromatography, from the enzyme present in the chloroplasts and in the
      mitochondria (organellar enzyme). The cytoplasmic lysyl-tRNA synthetase can also
      be separated from the organellar enzyme. There are two tRNAsPro in the cytoplasm;
      they can be charged by the cytoplasmic enzyme, but not by the organellar enzyme
      or the Escherichia coli enzyme. Chloroplasts contain, in addition to the two
      cytoplasmic tRNAsPro, one chloroplast-specific tRNAPro, which is not recognized
      by the cytoplasmic enzyme, but can be charged by the organellar or the E. coli
      enzyme. Mitochondria contain, in addition to the two cytoplasmic tRNAsPro, two
      mitochondria-specific tRNAsPro, which are not recognized by the cytoplasmic
      enzyme, but can be charged by the organellar or the E. coli enzyme. There are two
      tRNAsLys in the cytoplasm. Both can be charged by the cytoplasmic enzyme, but one
      can be charged by the organellar or E. coli enzyme. Chloroplasts contain in
      addition to one cytoplasmic tRNALys, one chloroplast-specific tRNALys which can
      only be charged by the organellar or E. coli enzyme. Mitochondria contain, in
      addition to one cytoplasmic tRNALys, one mitochondria-specific tRNALys which can
      only be charged by the organellar or E. coli enzyme.

PMID- 953002
TI  - The buoyant density of three double-stranded RNAs in cesium sulfate.
AB  - The buoyant densities in Cs2SO4 of the double-stranded RNA from the bacteriophage
      phi 6 and the virus-like particles of Helminthosporium maydis and Penicillium
      chrysogenum were determined by a Taylor series expansion and by the position and
      slope of the gradient relative to the isopycnic position (hinge point method).
      Buoyant densities for the three types of double-stranded RNA calculated by the
      two methods were, respectively, 1.6089 and 1.6083, 1.6065 and 1.6059 and 1.6057
      and 1.6050.

PMID- 953003
TI  - Newly synthesized mammalian cell DNA. Separation of Okazaki pieces by thermal
      chromatography on hydroxyapatite.
AB  - The optical melting profile of a fraction of nascent DNA which can be isolated
      from DNA of logarithmically growing Ehrlich ascites cells by nitrocellullose
      column chromatography was recorded. In relation to the bulk DNA a slightly
      lowered Tm and an increased width of the transition was observed. Thermal
      hydroxyapatite chromatography revealed that melting of the nascent DNA begins at
      relatively low temperatures in helix regions containing small daughter strand
      pieces. The pieces were characterized as Okazaki pieces by determining their size
      and their labeling kinetics during [3H] thymidine pulses. The combination of
      nitrocellulose chromatography and thermal hydroxyapatite chromatography seems to
      be suitable for isolating Okazaki pieces.

PMID- 953004
TI  - NMR studies of the structure and stability of the 1 : 2 actinomycin D-d-pG-C
      complex in aqueous solution.
AB  - We describe NMR studies at superconducting fields which characterize aspects of
      the structure and stability of the 1 : 2 actinomycin-d-pG-C complex in solution
      as monitored at the Watson-Crick base pairs and backbone phosphate groups. Two
      guanine N1H resonances (12.17 and 11.66 ppm) are observed in the 360 MHz proton
      NMR spectra of the complex in water at -4 degrees C. These slowly exchangeable
      resonances, which demonstrate the presence of two Watson-Crick G + C base pairs
      in the complex, broaden in a sequential manner with increasing temperature. The
      terminal and internucleotide phosphates of both d-pG-C molecules are observable
      in the 145.7 MHz 31P spectra of the 1 : 2 actinomycin-d-pG-C complex at 0 degrees
      C. The internucleotide phosphate resonance at 1.905 ppm broadens prior to that at
      2.385 ppm with increasing temperature, consistent with a sequential breakage of
      the G + C base pairs in the complex. The lifetime of the complex (4.5 +/- 0.5 X
      10(-4) s, 33 degrees C) was deduced from the variation of the d-pG-D
      internucleotide 31P resonance line width on gradual addition of the antibiotic in
      solution.

PMID- 953005
TI  - A sedimentation velocity method for the separation of complementary strands of
      DNA.
AB  - A method is described for the rapid separation of the complementary strands of
      homogeneous DNA's. The method takes advantage of a difference in sedimentation
      coefficients between the complementary strands when these have been dissociated
      and complexed with poly(U-G). The separation procedure is readily carried out for
      preparative purposes by zone sedimentation in linear 5--20% (w/v) sucrose
      gradients containing 2 M NaCl. In analytical band sedimentation experiments,
      concentrated solutions of CsCl have been used to effect the separation of the
      complexed complementary strands. Sedimentation coefficients corresponding to
      corrected values at infinite dilution for the cesium salt of the nucleic acid
      complexes at 25 degrees C (s 25, w) have been obtained for the complexed
      complementary strands of coliphage lambdab2b5c DNA and for the uncomplexed single
      strands of this DNA. The relative values of the parameters affecting s 25, w have
      been determined. Under these conditions, for which preferential hydration of the
      sedimenting species is not involved, it was found that the more highly complexed
      strand has sustained a 24% increase in mass and a 28% decrease in frictional
      coefficient relative to uncomplexed DNA, while the strand binding the lesser
      amount of RNA has increased in mass by 11% and changed in frictional coefficient
      by an insignificant amount relative to the uncomplexed species from that of the
      uncomplexed DNA do not contribute significantly to the differences in s 25, w
      between the complexed complementary strands.

PMID- 953006
TI  - Differentiation between chelated and non-chelated DNA-Pt complexes by atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry.
AB  - As a continuation of our study of the properties of the cis-trans platinum series
      we have investigated the DNA-Pt complexes of [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl, cis-Pt (en)Cl2, cis
      Pt (NH3)2Cl2 and K2[PtCl4] by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The DNA-Pt
      complexes correspond to the saturation of the N7-(Guanine) sites. It has been
      found that the chelate complexes obtained with cis-Pt(en)Cl2, cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl1 and
      K2[PtCl4] show the same absorbance. The [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl and trans-Pt (NH3)2Cl2
      which are bound to the N7  (tuanine) site only, show an absorbance greater than
      the chelate complexes by a factor of two. In addition, it has been possible in
      the case of the trans-Pt (NH3)CCl1 complex to follow the fixation of platinum to
      DNA by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The result is similar to the ionic
      chlorine liberation procedure reported previously.

PMID- 953007
TI  - Colony-forming ability of ultraviolet-irradiated xeroderma pigmentosum
      fibroblasts from different DNA repair complementation groups.
AB  - Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum develop severe sunlight-induced damage,
      including malignant neoplasms, on sun-exposed skin. Some patients also have
      neurological abnormalities. Xeroderma pigmentosum cells are known to have
      impaired ability to repair ultraviolet light- or chemical mutagen-induced damage
      to their DNA, and cell-fusion studies have shown five complementation groups
      among the DNA excision repair-deficient strains. All xeroderma pigmentosum
      fibroblast strains we tested had lower colony-forming abilities after ultraviolet
      irradiation than normal strains. Furthermore, we have found that strains from
      different complementation groups can have different post-ultraviolet colony
      forming abilities and that strains from patients with neurological abnormalities
      are the most sensitive to ultraviolet light. These results suggest that extremely
      ineffective repair of damaged DNA in central nervous system neurons may be the
      cause of the neurological abnormalities.

PMID- 953009
TI  - Model membrane studies of spin-label probes. Part 1. Mixed monolayers of 12
      nitroxide stearic acid and myristic acid.
AB  - Pure and mixed monomolecular films of a cell membrane spin label probe, 12
      nitroxide stearic acid have been studied where myristic acid was selected as the
      host lipid. The behavior of 12-nitroxide stearic acid at the air water interface
      is understood in terms of two molecular configurations: erect (with only the
      carboxyl group in the interface) and bent (with both the carboxyl group and the
      oxazolidine ring in the interface). In mixed films both of these conformations
      play a role at high surface pressures. At low probe concentrations, 12-nitroxide
      stearic acid is primarily in an erect conformation, while at high probe
      concentrations the reverse is true. This particular host lipid appears capable of
      erecting the probe molecule with only small concentrations of myristic acid. In a
      condensed host lipid, the probe is partially immiscible, and segregates to form a
      heterogeneous film from which it is readily collapsed. The probe is seen to
      perturb the molecular packing in this mixed system and the perturbation to be
      dependent on both the molecular shape and nature of the probe.

PMID- 953008
TI  - Mechanism of D-amphetamine inhibition of protein synthesis.
AB  - At 1 h after intraperitoneal administration of D-amphetamine sulphate (15 mg/kg),
      rat brain polyribosomes show disaggregation accompanied by reduced capacity for
      in vitro peptide chain elongation. The direct action of amphetamine on cell-fine
      protein-synthesizing systems was therefore explored. When brain or liver
      polyribosomes from untreated rats were incubated with pH 5 enzyme, peptide chain
      elongation was not inhibited by the addition 4 mM amphetamine to the  medium. On
      the other hand, an initiation-dependent system consisting of rat liver of brain
      mRNA and wheat germ S-30 fraction showed inhibition of [3H]leucine incorporation
      by 50% when 4 mM amphetamine were added. The metabolites of amphetamine, p
      hydroxyamphetamine and p-hydroxynorephedrine, had no inhibitory action in either
      system, but the potent neurotoxin p-chloroamphetamine was a more powerful
      inhibitor of initiation than amphetamine. By using [3H]amphetamine, it was shown
      that amphetamine binds to the 80-S ribosomes of the wheat germ system. This
      binding depended on the presence in the system of natural liver or brain mRNA or
      several synthetic mRNAs, but was not promoted by polyuridylic acid as the
      messenger. Significantly, polyuridylic acid-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis
      by the wheat germ system was not inhibited by amphetamine or p-chloroamphetamine.
      Therefore, it was concluded that amphetamine inhibits protein synthesis by
      interfering with initiation through a step related to formation of the mRNA
      ribosome complex.

PMID- 953010
TI  - Evidence for a sodium ion exchange carrier linked with glucose transport across
      the brush border of a flatworm (Hymenolepis diminuta, Cestoda).
AB  - The manner in which the flatworm, Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda), regulates the
      transport of glucose and Na+ across the brush border was examined. While the
      presence of an unstirred region in the brush border may favor the reabsorption of
      leaked glucose, some leaked glucose was lost to the ambient medium. This loss was
      markedly enhanced by preloading the worms with glucose and by removing Na+ from
      the incubation medium. Since glucose and Na+ influxes are coupled, glucose
      leakage stimulated the influx of 22Na+. However, this 22Na+ influx was balanced
      by a simultaneous increased 22Na+ efflux. The presence of phlorizin inhibited
      both unidirectional fluxes of 22Na+ indicating that efflux of 22Na+ occurred by
      countertransport; countertransport of [14C] glucose appeared to be negligible. A
      model has been proposed in which the transport of glucose and compensating
      transfers of Na+ across the membrane occur via the same carrier.

PMID- 953011
TI  - Dielectric behaviour of dry synthetic polypeptides.

PMID- 953012
TI  - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of preexisting and nascent cell membrane in
      cleaving eggs of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - During cell division in the Xenopus egg (diameter 1.25 mm) new cell membrane is
      formed in the furrow region (rate of growth approx 4-10(4) mum2/min). Freeze
      fracture electron microscopy has produced the following data. Preexisting plasma
      membrane faces show a reversed polarity with respect to particle distribution,
      i.e. more particles are attached to the E-face (density 1600-2200 particles/mum2)
      than to the P-face (300 particles/mum2). A frequency histogram of 2331 measured
      intramembranous particles does not show a continuous range of sizes. The
      following sizes were very obvious: 95 A (12%), 125 A (30%) and 180 A (6%). At the
      tips of surface protrusions both the E- and the P- face are particle-free.
      Nascent cell membrane fracture faces are more difficult to obtain. The particle
      density is low (E-face 300-500 particles/mum2). Lowering the ambient temperature
      to 5 degrees C for approx. 5 mins does not change the normal particle pattern,
      but it improves the output in nascent membrane fracture faces. The fact that in
      the Xenopus egg preexisting and nascent membrane regions are continuous but
      nevertheless maintain their highly different particle densities is noteworthy.
      The freeze-fracture data are discussed in relation to, among other things, the
      known values of the specific resistances of these membrane regions.

PMID- 953013
TI  - Transport and metabolism of adenosine in human blood platelets.
AB  - The uptake and metabolism of [14C]- or E[3H] adenosine have been studied in
      suspensions of washed platelets and in platelet rich plasma. The appearance of
      radioactivity in the platelets and the formation of radioactive adenosine
      metabolites have been used to determine the uptake. Adenosine is transported into
      human blood platelets by two different systems: a low Km system (9.8 muM) which
      is competitively inhibited by papaverine, and a high Km system (9.4 mM) which is
      competitively inhibited by adenine. Adenosine transported via the low Km system
      is probably directly incorporated into adenine nucleotides, while adenosine
      transported through the high Km system arrives unchanged inside the platelet and
      is then converted into inosine and hypoxanthine or incorporated into adenine
      nucleotides.

PMID- 953014
TI  - In vivo modification of plant membrane phospholipid composition.
AB  - Tomato seedlings treated with ethanolamine showed altered phospholipid
      composition. The changes included altered acyl chain composition as well as
      changes in the relative amounts of the phospholipid classes. Specifically, there
      was an increase in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine with a
      concomitant decrease in phosphatidylcholine and no overall increase in
      phospholipids. Treatment with ethanolamine increased the relative amount of C18
      acyl chains (especially 18 : 2) in phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylcholine at the expense of 16 : 0 and 16 : 1. Acyl composition of
      other phospholipid classes were unchanged. Labeled ethanolamine was incorporated
      mostly into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Ethanolamine
      stimulated incorporation of labeled oleate was entirely into acyl chains and
      appeared only as 18 : 1 and 18 : 2. There was greater incorporation, but less
      conversion of 18 : 1 to 18 : 2 with choline. Stearate was incorporated but
      desaturated.

PMID- 953015
TI  - Ionic permeability of epithelial tissues.
AB  - The overall permeability of epithelial tissues to solutes is generally determined
      by analyzing net or unidirectional transepithelial fluxes in response to
      transepithelial differences of concentration and/or electrical potential using
      relations that describe diffusional movements across a single membrane. If the
      solute is uncharged and diffusional movements are transcellular, the overall
      transepithelial permeability coefficient is determined by the permeabilities of
      the two limiting cell membranes combinded in series. However, if the solute is
      charged and the pathway for transepithelial movement involves diffusional flows
      across at least two membranes arranged in series (i.e. transcellular transport),
      the value of the overall transepithelial permeability coefficient determined
      using relations that describe ionic diffusion across a single membrane is not an
      accurate measure of the permeabilities of the two limiting membranes combined in
      series. Further, if ionic diffusion is transcellular, permeability coefficients
      determined from studies of transepithelial fluxes are not only quantitatively
      incorrect but can also result in grossly erroneous interpretations of changes in
      transepithelial permeabilities and faulty inferences regarding the route of
      transepithelial ionic diffusion.

PMID- 953016
TI  - The effect of temperature on the galactosyl- and sialyltransferases and on the
      ultrastructure of Golgi membranes.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the activity of galactosyl- and sialyltransferases
      of rat liver Golgi membranes and the galactosyltransferase of serum has been
      studied. Arrhenius plots for three enzymes were different. Sharp breaks in the
      curves, indicative of phase transitions were observed for sialyltransferase (28
      degree C) of Golgi and galactosyltransferase (34 degree C) of serum but not for
      galactosyltransferase of Golgi. The activation energy was greater above the break
      (above 28 degree C) than below for sialyltransferase of Golgi; The activation
      energy was lower (above 34 degree C) for galactosyltransferase of serum than
      below. Electron microscopic freeze replicas showed a patchy distribution of
      particles which increased as the temperature was raised accompanied by smooth
      areas. This was interpreted as representing lateral phase separation of the
      membrane components.

PMID- 953017
TI  - Transport of 2-deoxy-D-galactose in Saccharomyces fragilis.
AB  - 2-Deoxy-D-galactose (dGal) transport in Saccharomyces fragilis is characterized
      by energy requirement and accumulation of the free sugar against a concentration
      gradient, indicating active transport. Besides free sugar dGal-1-phosphate, UDP
      dGal and a trehalose-like derivative were found inside the cells. The
      accumulation of the phosphorylated derivatives was balanced by a concomitant
      decrease of ATP, orthophosphate and polyphosphates. With pulse labeling
      experiments it could be shown that the free sugar is transported into the cells.
      This conclusion was supported by several other experimental results, e.g. the
      lack of correlation between the sugar transport parameters and the dGal
      phosphorylation capacity, and the countertransport of free dGal evoked by
      galactose in the medium. The typical differences between this active transport
      mechanism and the transport-associated phosphorylation system, described
      previously, are discussed.

PMID- 953018
TI  - D-glucose uptake by a rat liver plasma membrane preparation.
AB  - 1. Plasma membranes isolated from rat liver according to a modification of the
      method of Neville, D.M. ((1960) J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 8, 413-422) were used
      as model to test current hypotheses on the mode of glucose uptake into the liver
      cell. Glucose uptake studies were performed by a filtration technique using
      labeled glucose analogues. 2. D-glucose Uptake by rat liver plasma membranes is
      characterized by features of simple diffusion, i.e. linearity of uptake, lack of
      stereospecificity, and by facilitated diffusion, i.e. temperature dependence,
      counterflow phenomenon and inhibition by phloretin. These findings confirm
      earlier studies on liver slices and perfused liver. 3. Binding studies on
      sonicated membranes provide evidence for a specific binding site or protein for D
      glucose at the plasma membrane by isolating Tris-soluble membrane proteins which
      reveal a higher binding capacity than the unsonicated membrane. 4. These findings
      are interpreted as showing the presence of a "carrier" mediated transport system
      for D-glucose superimposed by free diffusion due to artificial disruption of the
      plasma membranes.

PMID- 953020
TI  - Computer-simulated urea reflection coefficients in human red cells.
AB  - Relative volume curves for human red cells were generated with a computer program
      to simulate the experimental results obtained by rapidly mixing red cells and
      urea. Known values for the permeability variables were used in the Kedem and
      Katchalsky (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1958) 27, 229-246) solute and solvent flux
      equations. The different values used for the reflection coefficient, o, were
      0.62, 0.75 and 1.0. The theoretical computer curves with o = 0.75 compared
      closely with the experimental stopped-flow curves.

PMID- 953019
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of phosphorylation and transport of beta-galactosides by
      the lactose phosphotransferase system of Staphylococcus aureus. Kinetic
      investigations using tosyl galactosides as reversible dead-end inhibitors.
AB  - Tosyl galactosides, previously shown to be potent reversible dead-end inhibitors
      of the membrane-bound Enzyme IIlac of the lactose phosphotransferase system of
      Staphylococcus aureus, were used for an investigation of the kinetic mechanism of
      the sugar phosphorylation/transport reaction catalyzed by this enzyme: phospho
      Factor IIIlac&sugar Enzyme IIlac lead to Factor IIIlac&sugar phosphate.
      Inhibition of Enzyme IIlac was studied in three different systems. Washed
      membranes, and washed membranes in the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100 were used
      for phosphorylation experiments, and whole cells were used for transport studies.
      When washed membranes were used to supply Enzyme IIlac, inhibition of
      phosphorylation by tosyl galactoside was linear non-competitive against both the
      sugar and phospho-Factor IIIlac substrates, with an apparent Ki of about 0.5 mM.
      This Ki decreased with increasing Factor IIIlac concentration. In the presence of
      0.1% Triton X-100, the phosphorylation reaction was stimulated; under these
      conditions the inhibition became strictly competitive against sugar, and
      completely uncompetitive against phospho-Factor IIIlac. Apparently washed
      membranes can catalyze phosphorylation both via a reaction sequence in which
      sugar binds first and via one in which phospho-Factor IIIlac binds first, but in
      the presence of 0.1% Triton the reaction does not occur by the former sequence.
      The inability of bound phospho-Factor IIIlac to hinder the binding of tosyl
      galactosides suggests that the initial binding sites of the two substrates of
      Enzyme IIlac are separated by at least the distance of the tosyl moiety.
      Radioactive methyl 6-O-(p-toluenesulfonyl) beta-galactoside was not converted
      into a phosphorylated product in the reaction mixtures, i.e. it is a true dead
      end inhibitor. Inhibition of beta-galactoside transport into whole cells by tosyl
      galactosides was competitive, with an apparent Ki of 5-10 mM, an order of
      magnitude higher than the Ki for inhibition of phosphorylation by membrane
      preparations. This result suggest that a significant level of unphosphorylated
      phospho-Factor IIIlac is present inside the cells, or that cellular levels of
      this compound are considerably lower than those used for in vitro sugar
      phosphorylation assays. Radioactive tosyl galactoside inhibitor was not
      transported into whole cells.

PMID- 953021
TI  - Extracellular ascorbic acid in lung.
AB  - Fifty percent of the ascorbic acid content of sliced rat lung was released from
      the tissue to the media within a few minutes by either washing or incubating the
      slices with Krebs-phosphate solution. Measurement of the lactate dehydrogenase
      and potassium content of the medium after incubating lung slices for 5 min showed
      that about 20% of the cells were damaged by slicing. Sephadex chromatography of
      tissue extracts prepared from washed lung slices showed that none of the ascorbic
      acid in these slices were bound to protein. Also, metabolic poisons were shown to
      deplete the ascorbic acid content of washed lung slices. Approx. 57% of the lung
      ascorbic acid of guinea pigs that had been supplemented with ascorbic acid and
      78% of the lung ascorbic acid of ascorbic acid-deficient guinea pigs were found
      in the medium when lung slices from these animals were incubated with Krebs
      phosphate solution. These results were taken to indicate the presence of an
      extracellular pool of ascorbic acid in lung which is maintained even during
      scurvy.

PMID- 953022
TI  - Nitrogenase activity and respiration of cultures of Rhizobium spp. with special
      reference to concentrations of dissolved oxygen.
AB  - Studies of nitrogenase in cultures of the cowpea rhizobia (Rhizobium spp.)
      strains 32H1 and CB756 are reported. Preliminary experiments established that,
      even when agar cultures were grown in air, suspensions of bacteria prepared
      anaerobically from them were most active at low concentrations of free dissolved
      O2. Consequently, assays for activity used low concentrations of O2, stabilized
      by adding the nodule pigment leghaemoglobin. In continuous, glutamine-limited
      cultures of 32H1, nitrogenase activity appeared only when the concentration of
      dissolved O2 in the cultures approached 1 muM. Lowering the glutamine
      concentration in the medium supplied to the culture from 2 to 1 mM halved the
      cell yield and nitrogenase activity was also diminished. Omitting succinate from
      the medium caused the concentration of dissolved O2 to rise and nitrogenase
      activity was lost. Upon restoration of the succinate supply, the O2 concentration
      immediately fell and nitrogenase was restored. The activity doubled in about 8 h,
      whereas the doubling time of this culture was 14 h. Sonic extracts of 32H1 cells
      from continuous cultures with active nitrogenase contained components reacting
      with antiserum against nitrogenase Mo-Fe protein from soybean bacteroids.
      Continuous cultures grown at higher O2 concentration, with only a trace of active
      nitrogenase, contained less of these antigens and they were not detected in
      highly aerobic cultures. Nitrogenase activity of a continuous culture was
      repressed by NH+4; the apparent half-life was about 90 min. Cells of 32H1 from a
      continuous culture growing at between 30 and 100 muM dissolved O2 possessed a
      protective mechanism which permitted respiration to increase following exposure
      to a rapid increase in O2 concentration from low levels (O2 shock). This effect
      disappeared as the O2 concentration for growth was reduced towards 1 muM.

PMID- 953023
TI  - Wheat germ agglutinin. Evidence for a genetic basis of multiple forms.
AB  - Germ from hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) contained three forms of
      agglutinin separable by ion-exchange column chromatography at pH 3.8, while germ
      from tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. (durum group)) contained only two
      such forms. The different number of forms, not due to protein modification
      occurring during the purification process, was demonstrable in commercial germ
      and in bran fractions containing germ from single wheat varieties. This evidence
      for a genetic basis of lectin multiple forms in wheat indicates the advisability
      of using genetically identified plant varieties in lectin research.

PMID- 953024
TI  - The mycelial cell wall of Penicillium charlesii G. Smith NRRL 1887.
AB  - Mycelial cell wall preparations of Penicillium charlesii G. Smith have been shown
      to have a total neutral carbohydrate content of 69%. Glucosamine which comprises
      12% of the wall is present principally as chitin. Lipids comprise 37.5% of the
      wall while polypeptides comprise 19.5%. No galactofuranose units are present in
      the wall of this organism which is known to produce an extracellular beta-1,5
      galactofuranose containing polymer.

PMID- 953025
TI  - Quantitative microanalysis of cell walls of Saprolegnia diclina Humphrey and
      Tremella mesenterica Fries.
AB  - Cell walls of the fungi Saprolegnia declina Humphrey and Tremella mesenterica
      Fries were analyzed quantitatively. Particular attention was paid to the
      hydrolysis and analysis of neutral sugars, amino sugars and amino acids. These
      components, together with total lipids, total uronic acids and the ashed residue,
      accounted for more than 90% by weight of the original dry cell wall preparation.
      There were substantial losses of amino acids during hydrolysis; however,
      analytical recovery approached 100% when total protein was calculated from the
      total nitrogen analysis. The analytical procedures were reproducible (+/- 3% for
      amino acids and amino sugars, and +/- 5-10% for other components) when applied to
      individual cell wall preparations. However, even under carefully standardized
      conditions, different cell wall preparations from the same species showed
      variable composition. Glucose was the predominant neutral sugar in the cell wall
      polymers of both species. The amino acid compositions were remarkable in that
      neither species contained detectable levels of cyst(e)ine. Hydroxyproline was
      detected in both species. The report from Tremella mesenterica is the first for
      this amino acid from the cell wall of a Basidiomycete.

PMID- 953026
TI  - The dissociation of insulin from human insulin antibodies.
AB  - The dissociation of insulin from human insulin antibodies has been investigated
      using a technique that is rapid and does not require addition of excess
      unlabelled insulin. A slow (k1 = 2-10(-3) min-1) and a fast k2 = 4-10(-2) min-1)
      dissociating antibody component were identified in all studies. These have been
      shown to correspond, respectively, to the high and low affinity antibody
      components of equilibrium binding studies. The range of k1 and k2 values and
      their response to temperature change is small. Insulin resistance and stability
      of diabetes are not related to properties of antibody dissociation. Dissociation
      is faster in the presence of high (6-850 nM) insulin concentration due to
      increased binding to the fast dissociating component without change in the
      dissociation rate constants. When incubation time is increased beyond achievement
      of maximal binding there is a time-depent rise in binding to the slow
      dissociating component, with a concomitant fall in k1. The traditional concept
      that equilibrium is established at maximum binding requires further examination.

PMID- 953027
TI  - Glucocorticoid binding in the chicken liver cytosol. Characterization of five
      macromolecular binding components.
AB  - The heterogeneity of the glucocorticoid binding in the chicken liver cytosol,
      previously suggested by the results obtained with crude preparations, was
      confirmed using different techniques such as stepwise ammonium sulfate
      precipitation, hydroxyapatite chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G
      200. The latter method permitted the separation of five glucocorticoid binding
      macromolecules respectively named binders S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, according to
      their decreasing apparent molecular size upon gel filtration. Apparent molecular
      weight, binding affinity, capacity and specificity of these five moieties were
      examined. In addition, S-aryl-transferase activity using glutathione as co
      substrate was studied and found to coincide mostly with the fractions containing
      binder S4, which might represent an avian liver ligandin.

PMID- 953028
TI  - Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the isolated perfused heart
      of guinea-pigs.
AB  - The activity and the interconversion of the between the pyruvate after pyruvate
      should read: utilization in the perfused hearts and the pyruvate dehydrogenease
      complex has been measured in the isolated perfused working hearts of guinea-pigs.
      1. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is transferred into the active form by high
      work, in anoxia, with 2,4-dinitrophenol and by perfusion without substrate. The
      rate of interconversion is faster in the perfused heart than in the homogenate.
      2. The active form of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex limits the pyruvate
      oxidation. There is a close correlation between the pyruvate utilization in the
      perfused hearts and the pyruvate dehydrogenase of the active form in the
      homogenates of the same hearts. 3. The "adenylate energy charge" of the cells is
      considered as the main regulating factor of the interconversion of the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex as seen in experiments with anoxia, dinitrophenol and high
      work. The inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by acetyl CoA can be
      overcome by decreasing ATP/ADP ratios.

PMID- 953029
TI  - Formation of mannosyl-lipids by an ectomannosyltransferase in suspensions of
      BALB/c fibroblasts.
AB  - A mannosyltransferase has been detected in suspensions of BALB/c fibroblasts
      incubated with GDP-[14C] mannose. The experimental evidence indicates the cell
      surface as the most likely site for the enzyme. The transferase synthesizes both
      glycolipids and glycoproteins. The lipid compounds have properties suggestive of
      lipid-linked mono- and oligosaccharides which can function as intermediates in
      glycoprotein synthesis. The formation of these compounds by a cell surface enzyme
      suggests that lipid-linked intermediates may play an important role in the
      glycosylation of membrane components.

PMID- 953030
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase from the house-fly head. Molecular properties of soluble
      forms.
AB  - 1. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in Tris/glycine buffer (pH 8.3) revealed
      five forms of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) in the
      100 000 X g, 1-h supernatants of aqueous fly-head extracts from the DDT/S strain.
      Five other housefly strains (CSMA, Bayer 21/199, Cradson/P, Malathion/R and
      DDT/R)were shown qualitatively to have the same soluble forms of the enzyme. 2.
      Plots of the electrophoretic mobility versus polyacrylamide concentration
      indicated that the multiple forms constituted a size isomer family. From the
      retardation coefficients derived from these plots, molecular weight estimates
      were obtained; these suggested that the smallest active component was a form of
      approx. 80 000 daltons. The higher aggregates, however, did not appear as simple
      oligomers of this component. 3. Density gradient sedimentation supported the
      electrophoretic findings. The smallest active component, with a sedimentation
      coefficient of 5.3 S, was confirmed as a molecular species of
      acetylcholinesterase that has not previously been obtained from house-flies;
      higher aggregates gave sedimentation coefficients of 7.4, 7.8. 8.1, and 11.8 S.
      4. Gel-filtration on calibrated Sephadex G-150 columns provided further evidence
      that the smallest active component was a form of about 80 000 daltons. 5.
      Autolysis converted much of the particulate enzyme and all of the soluble forms
      into a species of approx. 160 000 daltons indistinguishable from the native 7.4-S
      form. Both the autolysed enzyme and the native 7.4-S form were susceptible to
      cleavage by disulphide reducing agents, and released catalytically active
      subunits that corresponded to the 5.3-S form of 80 000 daltons. The data were
      compatible with a monomer-dimer relationship between the 5.3-S and 7.4-S forms.
      6. The possibility is suggested that a form of molecular weight approx. 80 000
      constitutes the "fundamental unit" of insect cholinesterase.

PMID- 953031
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase of the house-fly head. Affinity purification and subunit
      composition.
AB  - 1. Acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) of house-fly head
      tissue was solubilized as a 7.4-S form by autolysis for 80-100 h at 25 degrees C
      and pH 8.0. 2. The autolysed enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography,
      firstly on Con-A-Sepharose and subsequently on m-trimethylammoniumaniline-Affi
      Gel 202. This sequence permitted overall purification yields of approx. 50% of
      the solubilized enzyme. 3. The 7.4-S purified enzyme was essentially homogeneous
      on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its specific activity coincided with
      the highest previously reported for fly-head acetylcholinesterase. 4.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate and
      beta-mercaptoethanol revealed two major polypeptide components of molecular
      weight 82 000 and 59 000. Each of these polypeptides contained
      diisopropylphosphofluoridate-binding sites, as shown with [3H]
      diisopropylphosphofluoridate. 5. The results suggest a strong structural
      similarity between fly-head acetylcholinesterase and the purified electric eel
      enzyme.

PMID- 953032
TI  - Purification of urokinase by affinity chromatography.
AB  - Commercially available urokinase (EC 3.4.99.26), though highly active, is still
      contaminated with unrelated proteins and degradation fragments of urokinase.
      Further purification of a urokinase preparation by chromatography on benzamidine
      Sepharose is described. The final preparation consisted of two molecular forms of
      urokinase with molecular weights of respectively 31 000 and 54 000. The 54 000
      dalton urokinase appears to be composed of two protein chains, one of which is
      the 31 000-dalton urokinase. A monospecific antiserum against urokinase was
      raised.

PMID- 953033
TI  - Preparation and characterization of two isozymes of choline acetyltransferase
      from squid head ganglia.
AB  - Two isozymes of choline acetyltransferase (Acetyl-CoA:choline O
      acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6) have been isolated and purified from squid head
      ganglia. Each isozyme contains multiple isoelectric forms with isoelectric points
      ranging from pH 5.0 to 6.2. The isozymes differ in their affinities for cellulose
      phosphate on column chromatography, as well as in their heat stabilities and in
      their capacities to be activated by salt. Both isozymes are stabilized by sucrose
      and by sulfhydryl-protecting reagents such as mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol.

PMID- 953034
TI  - A study of phosphoglycerate kinase in human erythrocytes. II. Kinetic properties.
AB  - Kinetic studies on phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) were performed in the
      forward reaction leading from 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.
      Substrate activation was observed at fixed levels of ADP or Mg2+ and varying
      concentrations of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. A biphasic curve was obtained in both
      linear and double reciprocal plots demonstrating two Km values (Km1 1.9 - 10(-6)
      and Km2 9.8 - 10(6) M). Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics were observed in both the
      linear and double reciprocal plots at fixed levels of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate of
      ADP and varying concentrations of Mg2+. Apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetics were
      observed in linear plots when conditions of fixed concentrations of 1,3
      diphosphoglycerate or Mg2+ were maintained with varying concentrations of ADP.
      However, the double-reciprocal plots demonstrated biphasic curves with two Km
      values (Km1 1.7 - 10(-5) and Km2 1.0 - 10(-4)M). Apparent negative cooperativity
      was observed with respect to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and ADP. Phosphoglycerate
      kinase activity was found to be inhibited by AMP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.
      Substrate activation by 1,3-diphosphoglycerate was maintained in the presence of
      AMP or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate but at a reduced level of enzyme activity. AMP was
      found to inhibit enzyme activity non-competitively with respect to 1,3
      diphosphoglycerate, ADP and Mg2+. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate inhibits
      phosphoglycerate kinase activity with respect to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, ADP and
      Mg2+. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate inhibits phosphoglycerate kinase activity non
      competitively with respect of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate.

PMID- 953035
TI  - The oxidation of dithiothreitol by peroxidases and oxygen.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (1.11.1.7), lactoperoxidase (1.11.1.7), and the fragment
      of cytochrome c known as microperoxidase have been shown to catalyze the
      oxidation of reduced dithiothreitol in an oxygen-consuming reaction. Evidence for
      horseradish peroxidase intermediates compound III and compound II has been
      observed, although ferroperoxidase was not identified during the course of the
      reaction. The stoichiometry has been extablished as 1 : 1 for oxygen consumed to
      dithiothreitol oxidized. Cysteine and glutathione have also been shown to be
      substrates for horseradish peroxidase oxidase reaction.

PMID- 953036
TI  - Purification and some properties of human erythrocyte hexokinase.
AB  - 1. Human erythrocyte hexokinase (ADP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1)
      was purified 50 000--100 000-fold with a final specific activity of about 25--50
      units/mg protein using gel-filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and affinity
      chromagraphy. 2. After isoelectrofocusing ofthe preparation one major protein
      band could be detected besides a minor band. THe isoelectric point of the major
      protein band was found to be 4.7. 3. After purification the enzyme could be
      stabilized in a medium containing inorganic phosphate, glucose, glycerol and
      mercaptoethanol. 4. The molecular weight was determined by gel-filtration and was
      found to be 132 000+/-8000. 5. The enzyme shows a broad pH optimum ranging from
      7.0 to 8.4. 6. The kinetic behavior of the purified enzyme at 37 degrees C was
      somewhat different from the normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics due to its
      instability. The affinity constants were 0.048--0.080 mM for glucose and 0.57-
      1.0 mM for Mg-ATP. 7. The enzyme was specific for Mg- ATP as the nucleotide
      substrate. Mg-UTP, Mg-ITP,Mg-GTP and Mg-CTP were not converted to corresponding
      diphosphates. Several hexoses could be phosphorylated by the enzyme. Mannose
      could be phosphorylated at the same rate as glucose, although the affinity for
      the enzyme was lower (5m=0.60mM). Much lower rates and lower affinities were
      found with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (5m=1.0mM), D(+)-glucosamine (5m=4.5 mM) and
      fructose (5m=10 mM). N-acetyl-D-glucosamine , galactose andsorbose were not
      phosphorylated at all.

PMID- 953037
TI  - Non-identical behaviour of the subunits of rabbit muscule creatine kinase.
AB  - 1. The dimeric enzyme creatine kinase (ATP: creatine N-phospotransferase, EC
      2.7.3.2) from rabbit muscle was reacted with three separate reagents, each of
      which specifically modifies one thiol group per subunit. 2. The reactions of the
      enzyme with these reagents (4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2
      nitrobenzoic acid) and iodoacetate) all behave as normal second-order processes.
      This indicates that the thiol groups on the two subunits of the enzyme react at
      the same rate as each other in all three cases. 3. The effects of various ligands
      (Mg2+, ADP and creatine, and combinations of these) on the kinetics of the
      reactions were studied. In all cases the reactions behave as normal second-order
      processes. 4. In the presence of the ligand combination Mg2+ plus ADP plus
      creatine plus nitrate, which has been postulated to form a "transition state
      analogue" complex with the enzyme, the reactions of the thiol group show
      considerable deviation from second-order kinetics. This indicates that the thiol
      groups on the two subunits react at different rates from each other. A similar
      effect is also noted in the presence of the combination ADP plus creatine plus
      nitrate. 5. The binding of ADP to the enzyme (studied by equilibrium dialysis) is
      hyperbolic in the absence of other ligands or in the presence of Mg2+ or Mg2+
      plus creatine. The dissociation constant is similar in all three cases. 6. In the
      presence of creatine plus nitrate (with or without Mg2+) the bindings of ADP to
      the enzyme is tightened considerably and the binding plots indicate the presence
      of either negative interactions between the subunits or two distinct types of
      binding sites. 7. Possible causes for the observed non-identical behaviour of the
      two subunits of the enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 953038
TI  - Modification of chymotrypsin with the specific cyanate reagent N-acetyl-p-cyanato
      l-phenylalanine ethyl ester.
AB  - The specific cyanate reagentN-acetyl-p-cyanato-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester
      (compound 1) was synthesized in an attempt to selectively modify the binding
      pocket of chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) while leaving the catalytic residues un
      touched. The reagent reacts with chymotrypsin to yield chiefly an inactive
      derivative 3a, with the active site Ser-195 carbamylated and the alpha-amino
      group, with the reagent 1 yields a modified enzyme(compound 4) with an additional
      carbamyl group on Ser-195.Neither derivative 3a nor 4reacts with
      diisopropylfluorophosphate under conditions where chymotrypsinogen is modified,
      indicating that Ser-195 is altered. Both derivatives 3a and 4 are retained on a 4
      phenylbutylamine affinity colomn demonstrating that the substrate binding pocket
      is intact in both derivatives. The results indicate the potential value of aryl
      cyanates as protein reagents for the selective modification of nucleophilic
      sites. However, it is apparent that reaction at unreactive residues in the
      binding pocket of chymotrypsin with cyanates or similar reagents will require
      blockage of the more nucleophilic catalytic residues.

PMID- 953039
TI  - Purification and kinetic study of glyoxalase-I from rat liver, erythrocytes,
      brain and kidney.
AB  - Glyoxalase-I (S-lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing), EC
      4.4.1.5) was purified from rat liver, erythrocytes, brain and kidney using two
      different purification procedures. The similarities of the purification profiles,
      electrophoretic mobilities and kinetics suggest that a single major form of the
      enzyme exists in these tissues. The highest purification (9300-fold) of the
      erythrocyte enzyme gave nearly homogeneous protein, molecular weight 50 000,
      specific activity 2410 mumol/min per mg. Kinetic studies of the rat glyoxalase-I
      catalyzed disproportionation of the hemimercaptals of GSH and aromatic or
      aliphatic alpha-ketoaldehydes revealed broad substrate specificity with V and Km
      values quite insensitive to the nature of the alpha-ketoaldehydes. Use of
      deuterated analogs of the alpha-ketoaldhydes methylglyoxal and phenylglyoxal
      showed that the intramolecular hydride migration is the rate-determining step.

PMID- 953040
TI  - Mammalian adenylosuccinate synthetase. Nucleotide monophosphate substrates and
      inhibitors.
AB  - Guanylate cyclase (GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2) activity was
      examined in preparations from normal rat liver and a series of Morris
      hepatomas...

PMID- 953041
TI  - The separation of pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Clostridium
      pasteurianum into two enzymes catalyzing different reactions.
AB  - The ferredoxin requiring cleavage of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2 is catalyzed
      by pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (CoA
      acetylating):, EC 1.2.7.1). The same enzyme is thought to catalyze the reversal
      of this reaction, i.e. the synthesis of pyruvate from acetyl-CoA and CO2 in the
      presence of reduced ferredoxin. Evidence is presented that the forward and
      reverse reactions are catalyzed not by one, but by two proteins that are clearly
      separable by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration.

PMID- 953042
TI  - Magnetic circular dichroism of heme-isocyanide complex in aqueous media.
AB  - The nature of the ethyl isocyanide complexes of ferri- and ferro-heme was
      investigated in terms of the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy. The
      complex formation of heme with ethyl isocyanide was critically dependent on the
      solvent system, thus, on structures of heme before addition of the ligand. The
      MCD spectra of the heme ethyl isocyanide complexes revealed that: (1) The
      addition of ethyl isocyanide to both ferri- and ferro-heme in an aqueous solution
      gave respective high-spin heme complexes with no more than one ethyl isocyanide
      molecule per one heme. (2) The ferro-heme with ethyl isocyanide in an aqueous
      ethanol solution formed a typical monomeric low spin ferro-hemochrome with two
      ligands (ethyl isocyanide) on both sides of the heme plane. (3) In the presence
      of excess ethyl isocyanide in an aqueous ethanol solution the ferri-heme gave an
      MCD spectrum similar to that for the monomeric low spin ferro-hemochrone.
      Therefore, ethyl isocyanide was believed to reduce the ferri-heme in an aqueous
      ethanol solution. (4) The ferro-heme ethyl isocyanide complex in an aqueous
      solution offered a Faraday B term around 450 nm instead of an apparent Faraday A
      term observed for the ethyl isocyanide complex of the cytochrome P-450. These
      results are not consistent with the view that the ferro-heme ethyl isocyanide
      complex in an aqueous solution can be a heme chromophore model for the cytochrome
      P-450 ethyl isocyanide complex.

PMID- 953043
TI  - Effects of dietary molybdenum on the metabolism of copper and molybdenum in young
      cattle.
AB  - On separate occasions young cattle were injected intrarumenally with 99Mo or 64Cu
      or intravenously with 64Cu. The metabolism of the isotopes were compared to
      evaluate metabolic changes associated with molybdenum-induced copper deficiency.
      Molybdenum-99 metabolism was the same in both controls and experimental subjects.
      Marked differences in plasma kinetics were observed following intrarumenal 64Cu
      injection, with experimental animals displaying earlier plasma appearance and
      maintaining higher plasma levels than did controls. Similarly, higher plasma
      levels, more rapid plasma reappearance and greater fecal excretion were observed
      following intravenous injection of 64Cu in the experimental animals than in
      controls. A mechanism involving abnormal ceruloplasmin synthesis associated with
      the molybdenum-copper interaction is proposed.

PMID- 953044
TI  - Aggregation of acridine orange: crystal structure of acridine orange
      tetrachlorozincate 2C17H19N3-2HCl-ZnCl2-CH3COOH.
AB  - The crystal structure of the biological stain, "acridine orange," has been
      determined. This compound, when crystallized from ethanol, is shown to be a zinc
      chloride double salt of acridine orange, containing, in addition, acetic acid of
      crystallization. These additional components are residuals from the method of
      preparation of acridine orange. This complex, 2 acridine orange-2HCl-ZnCl2
      CH3COOH, (2C17H19N3-2HCl-ZnCl2-CH3COOH) crystallizes in the monoclinic space
      group P21, a = 9.965 (2), b = 21.507 (6), c = 9.645 (2) A, beta = 113.98 degrees
      (2), V = 1888.7 (8) A3, FW = 800.0, Z = 2, DX = 1.41 g-cm-3, Dobs = 1.43 (9) g-cm
      3. Three-dimensional diffraction data were collected with CuKalpha radiation, and
      the structure refined to R = 0.065 for 1885 observed reflections. In the crystal
      structure hydrogen bonds are formed, via the protonated nitrogen atom of the
      central rings of two acridine orange cations, to two chloride ions in a ZnCl42-
      tetrahedral grouping. These two acridine orange molecules are stacked in parallel
      planes, approximately 3.4 A apart, with the long axes of the ring systems
      inclined at 26.5 to each other. Thus an apparent dimerization of the acridine,
      orange is facilitated by the anions present, resulting in the complex studied.
      The two -N(CH3)2 groups of each acridine orange molecule are not protonated in
      this crystalline form. The mode of molecular packing found here may be relevant
      to models for the external stacking of acridine orange around a DNA molecule. The
      importance of removing any zinc salt from acridine orange preparations prior to
      aggregation studies is stressed.

PMID- 953045
TI  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of copper(II), copper(I), and mixed valence
      systems.
AB  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using copper(II), copper(I) and the mixed
      valence Cu(II)/Cu(I) compounds was employed as a means  of studying electron
      transfer reactions in copper proteins. The X-ray photoelectron spectra of
      copper(II) compounds display characteristic satellites of both variable size and
      resolution. Some of these satellites could be assigned to specific ligand
      interactions. Unlike electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the X-ray
      photoelectron spectroscopic measurements of copper(I) compounds allowed the
      unequivocal assignment of this oxidation state. No satellites at all could be
      detected in the Cu(I) spectra. Furthermore, established mixed valence
      Cu(II)/Cu(I) complexes including Cu2SO3-CuSO3-2H2O and Cu4Cl5 (ethylenediamine)2
      proved essentially a mixture of distinct portions of Cu(I) and Cu(II). This
      indicates that both oxidation states of copper survive in such complexes. In
      contrast, all Cu X-ray photoelectron signals of the more tentatively described
      mixed valence complexes Na2Cu3S3 and the mineral covellite, CuI4CuII2(S2)2S2,
      could be attributed exclusively to Cu(I). In view of the known binding of copper
      with sulfur in many copper proteins, it was of utmost importance to study the
      copper-sulfur interactions. We have demonstrated the absence of Cu(II) in CuS.
      This indicates strong metal-induced polarization of sulfur resulting in electron
      transfer to copper to yield Cu(I).

PMID- 953046
TI  - Paget's osteitis deformans: a carbonate-rich calcium alkali phosphate in the pre
      malignant bone mineral and implications for lymphoma production by CO2.
AB  - Comparison of powder diffraction patterns of unheated normal bone mineral with
      the damaged by Paget's Osteitis Deformans showed that due to a difference in the
      spacing of one weak inner reflection the possibility exists that carbonate
      containing alpha-calcium sodium orthophosphate may be a minor constituent of the
      osteitic bone mineral. The chemical and physical properties of this substance
      make it a likely minor constituent of bone salt. The presence of this calcium
      alkali phosphate in the osteitic mineral was tentatively proposed after
      demonstrating the similarity of the diffraction patterns of synthetic mixtures of
      this substance with tricalcium phosphate hydrate to those of the osteitic bone
      salt.

PMID- 953047
TI  - Magnetic circular dichroism of protoporphyrin derivatives in the ultraviolet
      region.
AB  - The MCD spectra of ferri- and ferro-heme in high and low spin states and zinc
      porphyrin for reference have been measured in the ultraviolet region. Zinc
      porphyrin offered an A term at 325 nm attributable to the N transition. A ferrous
      low-spin complex with CO or CN exhibited MCD spectra composed of B terms around
      325 nm. This striking difference from that of zinc porphyrin in the ultraviolet
      region is noted from the fact that their Soret and visible MCD's gave A terms
      similar to those of zinc porphyrin. A ferric complex with high spin had MCD
      spectrum different from that of low spin, the former showing a negative C term at
      287 nm and a B term at 339 nm, but the latter positive C terms at 275 nm and 320
      nm. Some of these Faraday parameters were ascribed to charge-transfer
      transitions.

PMID- 953048
TI  - Reactions between nucleosides and platinum dimethylsulfoxide complexes.
AB  - Nucleosides (Nuc) react with cis-[Pt(DMSO)2Cl2] in dimethysulfoxide (DMSO)
      solution, to produce trans-[Pt(DMSO)(Nuc)Cl2], which then isomerize to cis
      [Pt(DMSO)(Nuc)Cl2]. They also displace chlorine from K[Pt(DMSO)Cl3] in water to
      form trans-[Pt(DMSO)(Nuc)Cl2]. K[Pt(inosine)Cl3] and DMSO give in water cis
      [Pt(DMSO)(Inosine)Cl2]. The configuration assignment of the compounds was based
      on chemical reactions, NMR techniques, analytical results, conductivity
      measurements and comparison with pyridine analogues. Chemical shifts in NMR and
      coupling constants of the aromatic protons of the nucleosides with 195Pt were
      used for the assignment of the binding sites of the nucleosides.

PMID- 953049
TI  - Synthesis of the monomer and dimer peptide fragments of the Micrococcus
      lysodeikticus cell wall peptidoglycan.
AB  - Three branched peptides, namely pentapeptide A and the two decapeptides B and C
      corresponding respectively to the monomer and the two dimer peptide fragments of
      the M. lysodeikticus cell wall peptidoglycan, were synthetized by adequate
      methods of peptide synthesis in homogeneous phase. The synthetized peptides
      showed the same electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior as the natural
      peptide fragments. Only decapeptide B was hydrolysed by the Myxobacter AL-1
      protease by cleavage of the D-Ala-L-Ala bond and inversely, only decapeptide C
      was digested by the Streptomyces albus ML endopeptidase by cleavage of the D-Ala
      epsilon-Lys linkage. In both enzymatic hydrolyses the pentapeptide monomer was
      formed.

PMID- 953050
TI  - Redox regulation of cytochrome P450cam mixed function oxidation by putidaredoxin
      and camphor ligation.
AB  - A methylene group of camphor is hydroxylated by a P450 monoxygenase system
      containing in addition to the cytochrome and flavoprotein dehydrogenase a two
      iron, two-sulfur redox protein termed putidaredoxin. The regulatory control of
      electron transport equilibrium occurs via ligation of substrate and redoxin to
      the cytochrome. The component interactions and electron flow are represented
      clearly and concisely by a free energy state diagram of the coupled binding and
      redox transfer reactions.

PMID- 953051
TI  - Varied effects of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid on immune responses.
AB  - The effect of the double-stranded synthetic polynucleotide, poly(A).poly(U), on
      the immune response of inbred mouse strains to multichain synthetic polypeptides
      was studied. Poly(A).poly(U) did not affect immune responses controlled by H-2
      linked genes. Thus, when either (T,G)-A- -L or (Phe,G)-A--L were injected into
      high or low responder mice followed by administration of poly(A).poly(U) 24 h
      after immunization, no increase in the antibody titers was observed. In contrast,
      poly(A).poly(U) increased significantly the response to polyproline, which is
      controlled by a non H-2 linked gene, in low responder mice. However, the
      polyribonucleotide had no effect on the antibody titers of the SJL mice, the high
      responders to multichain polyproline. When poly(A).poly(U) was injected into
      DBA/1 mice following immunization with (Phe,G)-Pro- -L, the polynucleotide
      enhanced the low response to the Pro- -l region at the expense of the anti
      (Phe,G) response which is normally high in this mouse strain. In this case
      poly(A).poly(U) caused an intramolecular antigenic competition. The general
      conclusion of this study is that the chemical nature of the antigenic determinant
      plays an important role in determining the type of influence exerted by
      poly(A).poly(U).

PMID- 953052
TI  - A study on the receptor for a mycobacteriophage : phage phlei.
AB  - From Mycobacterium phlei, glycolipid fractions have been isolated which
      inactivate phage Phlei. On the basis of the characteristics of the inactivation
      (specificity, kinetics, requirement for Ca++) typical of the phage-host cell
      system, it was concluded that these fractions contain the receptor sites for
      phage Phlei ; this conclusion was supported by electron microscopic studies. All
      the active fractions contain four kinds of components : fatty acids, glycerol,
      sugars (D-lyxose, 6-0-methyl-D-glucose, and low amounts of glucose and mannose),
      and water-soluble acids. These acids are isolated by degradation of the receptor
      fractions as oxalic and pyruvic acids. Variations of the ratio oxalic
      acid/pyruvic acid according to the mode of degradation and the absence of the
      peak characteristic of the protons of a pyruvic acid residue in the NMR spectrum,
      suggest that these acids might arise from the splitting of oxaloacetic acid. A
      tentative structure of the receptor is proposed, in many monoglycerides are
      linked through keto-acid to a polysaccharide core.

PMID- 953053
TI  - Grafting of enzymes on collagen films using Woodward's reagent "K" and a water
      soluble carbodiimide derivative.
AB  - Two new methods of activation were developed to graft enzymes on collegen films.
      They involved chemical modifications of surface groups of collagen either by
      Woodward's reagent "K" or by EDC, a water-soluble derivative of carbodiimide. EDC
      was a better coupling agent and a detailed study was conducted with this agent.
      It could be used either in a global method of activation and coupling, or in a
      two-step procedure of activation of collagen, followed by spontaneous coupling of
      enzyme. All enzymes tested were successfully bound: malate dehydrogenase, lactate
      dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urease, creatine kinase, hexokinase.
      The influence on the yield of grafted enzyme, of pretreatment of films, time and
      temperature of EDC activation, concentration of EDC and enzyme, protecting agents
      was studied. Stability of enzyme activity on storage was greatly increased after
      grafting. A co-grafted dual system creatine kinase/heoxkinase, was achieved which
      exhibited a good efficiency. A striking renaturing process at 0-4degreesC after
      thermal denaturation, was observed with hexokinase.

PMID- 953054
TI  - Pig prothrombin: purification and properties.
AB  - A procedure for the preparation of highly purified pig prothrombin is described.
      Compared to the initial clotting activity of the starting plasma, this protein
      was purified 776 times with a final yield of 8 per cent. The purified zymogen
      showed a specific activity of 1,460 NH units/mg of protein , a molecular weight
      of 65,000 as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electroesis, E 1.0 mg/ml
      1.0 cm, 280 nm = 1.45 at pH 7.0 and the following amino acid composition: Asx 51,
      Thr 38, Glx 62, Pro 23, Gly44, Ala 25, Half-Cys 30, Val 35, Met 3, Ile 30, Leu
      32, Tyr 19, Phe 22, Lys 36, His 8, Arg 28, and Trp 13, which accounts for a
      minimum molecular weight of 59,370 (carbohydrates not computed). Alanine was
      found as the only N-terminal residue. Carboxypeptidases A and B failed to release
      any C-terminal residue. By hydrazinolysis however 0.4 mole of serine was released
      per mole of prothrombin. The activation of crude and chromatographed pig
      prothrombin was investigated.

PMID- 953055
TI  - Binding of nucleotides ATP and ADP to sarcoplasmic reticulm: study by rate of
      dialysis.
AB  - Binding of the nucleotides ATP and ADP by preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum
      was investigated by the method of flow dialysis. For ATP, experimental data could
      not be analyzed directly in terms of binding since a significant though small
      amount of hydrolysis could be observed even in presence of EDTA. ADP binding
      could be analyzed and gave a dissociation constant of 10-20 muM at neutral pH,
      and a stoichiometry of 0.35 - 0.45 per mole ATPase. The possible significance of
      this stoichiometry is discussed. Similar experiments were performed after
      ethoxyformylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum which inhibits the Ca2+ dependnet
      ATPase activity. The results confirmed the inhibition of ATP hydrolysis and
      pointed to a considerably reduced affinity for nucleotides. The method based on
      the measurement  of dialysis rates is convenient, and accurate enough to detect
      the effects of chemical modification on sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.

PMID- 953056
TI  - [Specificity of thermolysin action on dog myoglobin].
AB  - The proteolytic specificity of thermolysin has been studied by quantitative
      analysis of an enzymic digest of dog myoglobin. Results confirm main
      specificities of thermolysin towards Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Leucine or
      Tyrosine bonds; the influence of neighbourhood was also determined and the
      conclusions are in a good agreement with the known structure of the active site
      of thermolysin.

PMID- 953057
TI  - [Chemistry of urinary mannosides excreted in mannosidosis].
AB  - Mannose-rich oligosaccharides have been isolated from urines of 5 patients with
      mannosidosis. Their compositon and structure were determined. Three of them have
      been previously described by Norden et al: alpha p-Manp-(1 leads to 3) beta-d
      Manp-(1 leads to 4) d-GlcNAcp; alpha-p-Manp-(1 leads to 2), alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads
      to 3) beta-d-Manp-(1 leads to 4) d-GlcNAc and alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 2) alpha-d
      Manp-(1 leads to 2) alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 3) beta-d-Manp-(1 leads to 4) d
      GlcNAcp, but the four others are new entities: alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 3) (alpha
      d-Manp-(1 leads to 2) alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 2) alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 6)
      beta-d-Manp-(1 leads to 4) GlcNAcp; alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 2) alpha-d-Manp-(1
      leads to 3) (alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 2) alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 6) beta-d-Manp
      (1 leads to 4) GlcNAcp; alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 2), alpha-d-Man-(1 leads to 3)
      (alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 6) beta-d-Manp-(1 leads to 4) GlcNAp and alpha-d-Manp
      (1 leads to 2) alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 3) (alpha-d-Manp-(1 leads to 6) beta-d
      Manp-(1 leads to 4) GlcNAcp. These structures are related to the glycans of
      "oligomannosidic type" present in numerous glycoproteins. All possess a N
      acetylglucosamine residue in terminal reducing position and reinforce the
      hypothesis of Kobata et al. and Montreuil et al. that catabolism of glycans N
      glucosidically linked to the protein moiety begins by the aciton of a beta-endo-N
      acetylglucosaminidase.

PMID- 953058
TI  - On the immunological detection of thyroglobulin peptides synthesized in cell-free
      system.

PMID- 953059
TI  - Enzymatic properties of a new type of lysozyme isolated from Asterias rubens :
      comparison with the Nephthys hombergii (annelid) and hen lysozymes.
AB  - The enzymatic properties of Asterias rubens and Nephthys hombergii lysozymes were
      compared with those of hen egg-white lysozyme. The results allowed to conclude
      that the Asterias rubens lysozyme was representative of a new lysozyme type. The
      Nephthys hombergii lysozyme however could be classified among the hen type
      enzymes with a tendency to exhibit under certain conditions some properties
      attributed to the goose type lysozymes.

PMID- 953060
TI  - Electrophoretic studies of non-histone proteins from pig lymph nodes.
AB  - Purified chromatin from pig lymph nodes has been prepared and used for the
      isolation of chromatin proteins and non-histine proteins. Saccharose nuclei from
      this tissue have been used for the preparation of nuclear phenol-soluble
      phosphoproteins. The isolated proteins have been compared by analytical
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Most chromatin
      non-histone proteins and nuclear phosphoproteins of pig lymph nodes have a
      molecular weight about 40 000 daltons and show a significant degree of homology
      of molecular range from 40 000 to 90 000 daltons. The phosphoproteins have been
      also analyzed by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel over the pH range of
      3-10. They are distributed throughout the pI range of 5.8-9.0. The chromatin non
      histone proteins and phosphoproteins are of acidic nature and contain 0,97 per
      cent tryptophan.

PMID- 953061
TI  - Iron stimulation of ferritin synthesis. II.-Involvement of polysomal kc1 extracts
      in the mechanism of stimulation.
AB  - The iron stimulation of ferritin synthesis is a translational phenomenon. Iron
      acts through a modification of the microsomal apparatus as shown previously. In
      the present study we have shown that the factor(s) involved in this stimulation
      are present in the KC1 extracts from polysomes of iron-treated rats.

PMID- 953062
TI  - [New syntheses of S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine analogs].
AB  - With the aim of studying analogues of S adenosyl homocysteine and S adenosyl
      methionine as potential inhibitors of methyl-transferases, we describe the
      syntheses of such analogues, in which either the amino-acid chain is replaced by
      various aliphatic radicals of the N 6 amino group of adenine is substituted.

PMID- 953063
TI  - Differences in cell surface proteins of drug resistant and sensitive cell lines.
AB  - Lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination of cell surface proteins has been used to
      compare theophylline and ouabain resistant variants with the drug sensitive
      parental cell lines. In cells showing contact inhibition a high molecular weight
      protein was observed to be preferentially labelled. In contrast this was not
      observed for non contact inhibited cells. These results support a previously
      suggested correlation between growth regulation and the exposure of this cell
      surface protein.

PMID- 953064
TI  - Tritiation of DNA for studying molecular hybridization and reassociation
      kinetics.

PMID- 953065
TI  - Inhibition of sheep pancreatic lipase activity against emulsified tributyrin by
      non-ionic detergents.

PMID- 953066
TI  - Oxygen equilibrium of chicken hemoglobin in the presence of organic phosphates.

PMID- 953067
TI  - Microestimation of glucose and glucose oxidase.

PMID- 953068
TI  - Effect of neuraminidase on the multiple forms of arylsulphatase B.

PMID- 953069
TI  - Larval development of the northern horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus (L.),
      including a comparison with the larvae of Mytilus edulis L. as an aid in
      planktonic identification.

PMID- 953070
TI  - Cheliped laterality in Callinectes sapidus (Crustacea: Portunidae).

PMID- 953071
TI  - Primitive nervous systems. Control and recovery of feeding behavior in the
      polyclad flatworm, Notoplana acticola.

PMID- 953072
TI  - The blood of Ascidia nigra: blood cell frequency distribution, morphology, and
      the distribution and valence of vanadium in living blood cells.

PMID- 953073
TI  - The effect of urethan on hydra.

PMID- 953074
TI  - Lunar and tidal periodicity of molting and reproduction in stomatopod crustacea:
      a selfish herd hypothesis.

PMID- 953075
TI  - Activatory mechanisms of the prothoracic glands of Monema flavescens
      (lepiodoptera) with special reference to the secretion of ecdysone.

PMID- 953076
TI  - Matched filters in human vision.

PMID- 953077
TI  - An analysis of biological random processes via optimized statistical models.

PMID- 953078
TI  - On the stochastic dynamics of neuronal interaction.

PMID- 953079
TI  - Identification of synaptic interactions.

PMID- 953080
TI  - A model of cell firing patterns during epileptic seizures.

PMID- 953081
TI  - Test of statistical stability of the electroencephalogram.

PMID- 953082
TI  - Model predictions of the ionic mechanisms underlying the beating and bursting
      pacemaker characteristics of molluscan neurons.

PMID- 953083
TI  - Intracellular responses from cells of the medulla of the fly, Calliphora
      erythrocephala.

PMID- 953084
TI  - Neurontropy, an entropy-like measure of neural correlation, in binocular fusion
      and rivalry.

PMID- 953085
TI  - The neural transfer characteristic (neurontropy) for binocular stochastic
      stimulation.

PMID- 953086
TI  - Different programming modes of human saccadic eye movements as a function of
      stimulus eccentricity: indications of a functional subdivision of the visual
      field.

PMID- 953087
TI  - A model for predicting masking-period patterns.

PMID- 953088
TI  - [Biospecific chromatography as a highly effective method of purifying transcortin
      from human retroplacental plasma].

PMID- 953089
TI  - [Potassium-specific intracellular microelectrodes based on a liquid ion exchanger
      and the work with them on turgor cells].

PMID- 953090
TI  - [Results of comparing the quantitative content of pyrimidine sequences of
      different lengths in the DNA of fishes].

PMID- 953091
TI  - [Antioxidizing activity of the lipids as a physicochemical index of the state of
      the cellular membrane systems].

PMID- 953092
TI  - [Histochemical characteristics of the gonads of the mollusc, Anodonta piscinalis
      Nilss].

PMID- 953093
TI  - [Multiple fertilization in minks].

PMID- 953094
TI  - [Characteristics of the cardiac autoregulatory mechanisms in Horsfield's
      terrapin. I. The structural and functional bases of cardiocardiac regulation].

PMID- 953095
TI  - [Characteristics of the changes in potential of the dorsal surface of the spinal
      cord under the influence of 2 conditioning stimuli of the afferent nerve].

PMID- 953096
TI  - [Cytochemical study of the antipodal complex in Papaver somniferum L].

PMID- 953097
TI  - Effects of recurrent postnatal stresses on hypothalamic concentrations of
      norepinephrine.
AB  - The effect of recurrent postnatal stress on the norepinephrine content of
      hypothalamus has been studied. Repeated exposure to hunger or to stimulation of
      the  lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus served as stress-producing process.
      Regardless of their nature, recurrent stresses increased the norepinephrine
      content of the hypothalamus. The differences between controls and stressed
      animals were statistically significant.

PMID- 953098
TI  - Prostaglandin biosynthesis in the human umbilical cord.
AB  - The content of prostaglandins (PGs) in homogenates of arteries, connective tissue
      from human umbilical cords, and the capacity for biosynthesis of PGs in these
      tissues were studied. Lipid extracts were prepared and subjected to
      chromatography on silicic acid columns. PGs were eluted by ethyl acetate after
      elution with ethyl acetate-benzene (1:9) and determined by bioassay. For studies
      of the content of PGs, the cords were immediately frozen after delivery and
      homogenized in cold ethanol. Cords taken at vaginal deliveries contained amounts
      equivalent to approximately 700 ng prostaglandin E2/g dry weight and cords taken
      at caesarean sections about 450 ng/g. After homogenization and incubation of
      arteries in potassium phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C for 30 min the PG content
      increased from about 80 to 200 ng/g. Addition of arachidonic acid increased the
      biosynthesis fivefold. Indomethacin inhibited it. Most of the smooth muscle
      stimulating activity of the homogenated cords was due to prostaglandin E
      compounds, but smooth muscle stimulating material similar to prostaglandin
      F1alpha and F2alpha was also present. Prostaglandin E2 was conclusively
      identified by gas chromatography -- mass spectrometry. The findings are
      compatible with the view that local biosynthesis of PGs is very active in the
      human umbilical cord after delivery.

PMID- 953099
TI  - Dental and craniofacial development in the normal and growth-retarded human
      fetus.
AB  - Craniofacial and dental development were examined in 32 human fetuses, 22--42
      weeks of gestational age, nine of which were classified as light-for-dates (LFD).
      Statistically significant differences were detected between the LFD and the
      normal group with respect to upper and lower jaw size and cranial base length but
      not in the case of neurocranial length, orbital height or deciduous molar crown
      size. The structures which are least affected by intrauterine growth retardation
      are those whose growth rate is normally either low throughout the second half of
      gestation or falls substantially during the 10 weeks prior to term.

PMID- 953100
TI  - Topography of lesions in newborn and infant brains following cardiac arrest and
      resuscitation. Damage to brain and hemispheres.
AB  - The brain lesions produced by temporary arrest of circulation in a newborn and an
      11-month-old infant are described. In the newborn, two periods of arrest
      occurred, one on the fifth day after birth and the second a few day before death
      on the sixth week. The older infant suffered a single episode of cardiac arrest
      at the age of 11 months and survived 8 days. In both cases, postmortem
      examination revealed lesions in spinal cord, in brain stem, and in cerebral
      hemispheres. This distribution of damage is compared with the patterns of injury
      produced experimentally by episodes of partial (hypoxia) and total (anoxia)
      asphyxia in subhuman primates. The coexistence of hemispheral and brain stem
      nuclear patterns of pathology indicates that both hypoxia and anoxia had occurred
      in the present cases.

PMID- 953101
TI  - Relations between birth weight and learning ability in young rabbits.
AB  - Performance on visual discrimination learning was studied in 41 rabbit pups
      mainly in relation to their birth weight, but also as functions of their neonatal
      motor development and weight gain between birth and training time. Partial
      placental vascular ligation was performed on some fetuses to increase the number
      of small-for-gestational-age pups. No relation was found between learning ability
      and either birth weight or rate of motor development. Low birth weight showed
      some association with slightly delayed motor development, but resulted in no
      lasting motor handicap. Between two subgroups of low birth weight pups, those who
      showed substantial weight gain by training time learned faster than those who
      remained relatively small.

PMID- 953102
TI  - The effects of starvation, glucose infusion, and normal feeding, on muscle
      protein synthesis and catabolism in the newborn guinea pig.
AB  - We determined the effects of feeding, starvation, and glucose infusion after
      starvation in newborn guinea pigs. We determined the rate of 14C-leucine
      incorporation into skeletal muscle (KS) as a measure of muscle protein synthesis
      and the rate of excretion of 3-methylhistidine as a measure of muscle
      myofibrillar protein catabolism (Kc). Fed newborns, who were in positive nitrogen
      balance, had the highest Ks and lowest Kc, while starved newborns had the lowest
      Ks and highest Kc. Infusing glucose after starvation decreased net protein
      catabolism and Kc, but did not increase Ks. The magnitude of change of Kc in
      response to starvation and glucose infusion was much greater than Ks. Changes in
      catabolic rate may influence net muscle protein balance to a greater degree than
      changes in synthetic rate.

PMID- 953103
TI  - Early synthesis of uterine proteins after a decidual stimulus in the
      pseudopregnant rat.

PMID- 953104
TI  - Involvement of esterases in sperm penetration of the corona radiata of the ovum.

PMID- 953105
TI  - Uterotrophic effects of testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in intact and
      ovariectomized immature female rats.

PMID- 953106
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins in rat bulbo-urethral (Cowper's) glands.
      1. The effect of copulation on the glandular content and on the incorporation of
      galactose and leucine.

PMID- 953107
TI  - Free and conjugated steroids in maternal and fetal plasma in the cow near term.

PMID- 953108
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha receptors in bovine corpora lutea throughout pregnancy.

PMID- 953109
TI  - Testosterone secretion by the early fetal pig testes in organ culture.

PMID- 953110
TI  - Glucose requirement for mouse sperm capacitation in vitro.

PMID- 953111
TI  - Embryonic mortality in the rabbit is not increased after fertilization by young
      epididymal spermatozoa.

PMID- 953112
TI  - In vitro response of ovine and bovine uterine arteries to prostaglandin F2 alpha
      and periarterial sympathetic nerve stimulation.

PMID- 953113
TI  - Comparison of several extraction procedures for boar spermatozoal acrosin.

PMID- 953114
TI  - Effects of maternal progesterone supplementation of fetal, placental and corpus
      luteal weights in the rat.

PMID- 953115
TI  - Changes in plasma testosterone levels during the annual reproductive cycle of the
      hibernating bat, Myotis lucifugus lucifugus with a survey of plasma testosterone
      levels in adult male vertebrates.

PMID- 953116
TI  - Effects of prolactin on the sensitivity of the testis to LH.

PMID- 953117
TI  - Differential effects of melatonin on the testes of photoperiodic and
      nonphotoperiodic rodents.

PMID- 953118
TI  - A transportable sleep recording system.
AB  - A system for monitoring sleep, which can be used in th ward without unduly
      disturbing either the patient or the medical and nursing staff, is described. The
      system records the electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram, the basal skin
      resistance and the galvanic skin resistance. In addition, the delta waves of the
      EEG are automatically counted and a histogram of their frequency plotted. The
      system allows a whole night's sleep recording to be compressed into just over a
      metre of paper.

PMID- 953120
TI  - [Interdisciplinary research, studied on basis of biomedical engineering].

PMID- 953119
TI  - An active probe for electrocardiography.
AB  - In order to improve the signal to noise ratio during the recording of
      electrocardiographic maps from moving patients, the effect of using active
      electrodes with built-in amplifiers was investigated. Two kinds of electrodes
      using different technologies were developed: a miniature printed circuit and a
      thin film circuit. The first method was found to be suitable for the fabrication
      of small quantities in a normally equipped electronics workshop while the second,
      requiring highly specialised equipment, is intended for industrial manufacture in
      large quantities.

PMID- 953121
TI  - [Potassium-selective disc electrode with valinomycin for flow-through
      measurements (author's transl)].

PMID- 953122
TI  - [An indirect method for the continuous monitoring of the respiration of the non
      intubated seriously-ill patient (author's transl)].

PMID- 953123
TI  - [Chloride selective disc electrode for flow-through measurements].

PMID- 953124
TI  - [The equivalent x-ray exposure (author's transl)].

PMID- 953125
TI  - [Mass transport in a Kiil-artifical kidney (author's transl)].

PMID- 953126
TI  - [Measuring method for the X-ray cine-densitometry of moving vessels (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 953127
TI  - [Measurement of low frequency electrical fields with a solid state electrometer
      probe (author's transl)].

PMID- 953128
TI  - [Ionized calcium in the pancreatic juice of the dog: continuous registration with
      a disc electrode].

PMID- 953129
TI  - Science, statistics, and paired comparisons.
AB  - A prologue on science and statistics focuses attention on the role of statistics
      in science. Statisticians must be trained as scientists and to meet the needs of
      science. Those needs surely involve the formulation, modification and
      verification of stochastic models designed to represent natural phenomena. The
      method of paired comparisons provides a simple experimental technique but one
      with a literature rich in model development.

PMID- 953130
TI  - Composite sampling.
AB  - In sampling certain types of materials, such as bags of fertilizer, or
      subsampling large quantities of water, as might be done in investigating the
      density of plankton in certain environmental situations, it is customary to
      composite the samples. That is, several samples are drawn, mixed into a composite
      sample, and a sample taken from the composite is then used to determine relevant
      characteristics of the population. In this paper the results of Brown and Fisher
      [1972] are extended to more complex situations (e.g., more than one variance
      component present).

PMID- 953131
TI  - Design of experiments to estimate heritability when observations are available on
      parents and offspring.
AB  - The design of experiments to estimate heritability when data are available on
      both parents and offspring and the offspring data have a hierarchical structure
      is considered. Univariate maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is discussed, and
      extensions to the multivariate case are outlined. The efficiency of ML estimation
      is evaluated in cases where simple regression estimators are available. Optimum
      designs for ML estimation are given when various strategies of selecting and
      mating are followed. The variance of the heritability estimate can be
      approximately halved relative to designs in which no selection of parents is
      done.

PMID- 953132
TI  - Models allowing for age-dependent survival rates for band-return data.
AB  - Seber [1970] and Robson and Youngs [1971] developed a statistical model for a tag
      recapture experiment on an exploited animal population in which banded or tagged
      individuals are released into a population each year, and the bands from
      harvested individuals are returned by hunters or fishermen in following years.
      Consideration of certain biological and ecologicw models for an experimental
      situation where data are recorded separately for birds released as adults and as
      young-of-the-year. In particular, the effect of different survival rates of young
      birds, and the effect of migration on reporting rates, are taken into account in
      the models presented in this study. Maximum likelihood estimators of parameters
      are derived under the different models, and procedures are developed to
      discriminate between alternative models as well as provide non-discriminant
      goodness-of-fit tests.

PMID- 953133
TI  - Mathematical models for nonparametric inferences from line transect data.
AB  - A general mathematical theory of line transects is develoepd which supplies a
      framework for nonparametric density estimation based on either right angle or
      sighting distances. The probability of observing a point given its right angle
      distance (y) from the line is generalized to an arbitrary function g(y). Given
      only that g(O) = 1, it is shown there are nonparametric approaches to density
      estimation using the observed right angle distances. The model is then
      generalized to include sighting distances (r). Let f(y/r) be the conditional
      distribution of right angle distance given sighting distance. It is shown that
      nonparametric estimation based only on sighting distances requires we know the
      transformation of r given by f(O/r).

PMID- 953134
TI  - A statistical model of the dynamics of a mosquito vector (Culex tarsalis)
      population.
AB  - A model of the dynamics of a mosquito Culex tarsalis is derived that includes the
      life states through which the mosquito proceeds. Transition probabilities from
      one state (egg, larva, pupa and adult) to another are derived and they depend on
      the duration of stay and mortality in each state. A formula is derived for the
      expected number of mosquitoes alive at any time during the spring or summer. This
      formula depends on the number of eggs oviposited and the transition
      probabilities. Data are used to estimate the parameters and to illustrate the
      usefulness of this model in examining the effect of changes in mosquito survival
      on the dynamics of the population.

PMID- 953135
TI  - Estimating the rate constants in a two-compartment stochastic model.
AB  - A procedure is described for estimating the rate constants of a two-compartment
      stochastic model for which the covariance structure over time of the observations
      is known. The proposed estimation procedure, by incorporating the known (as a
      function of the parameters to be estimated) covariance structure of the
      observations, produces regular best asymptotically normal (RBAN) estimators for
      the parameters. In addition, the construction of approximate confidence intervals
      and regions for the parameters is made possible by identification of the
      asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimators. The explicit form of the inverse
      of the covariance matrix, which is required in the estimation procedure, is
      presented. The procedure is illustrated by application to real as well as
      simulated data, and a comparison is made to the widely used nonlinear least
      squares procedure, which does not account for correlations over time.

PMID- 953136
TI  - A test for randomness.
AB  - A procedure is proposed for studying the hypothesis that a sequence of
      dichotomous random variables are independent and identically (randomly)
      distributed. The procedure is relatively sensitive to departures from randomness
      involving multiple clustering. An application to testing for Schwann cell disease
      is discussed. The distrubution of the sample coefficient of variation from an
      exponential distribution, a useful statistic in testing randomness for a
      continuous model, is also studied.

PMID- 953137
TI  - Regression analysis of the log odds ratio: a method for retrospective studies.
AB  - Quantification of the dependence of the odds ratio on concomitant variables
      associated with each of several 2 X 2 tables, using a regression model proposed
      by Zelen [1971], is an important tool for retrospective studies in epidemiology,
      An "exact" analysis may be based on the conditional likelihood obtained by fixing
      all the marginal totals. A symptotically this approach is equivalent to use of an
      unconditional log-linear model. The method is used to reanalyze data reported by
      Kneale [1971] on the relationship between obstetric radiation and childhood
      cancer.

PMID- 953138
TI  - Power spectrum of the respiratory system.
AB  - Spectrum analysis is proposed as a method for analyzing biologic time series data
      that arise in the study of respiration. A mechanical model of the respiratory
      system is used to provide a theoretical basis for the interpretation of the air
      flow spectrum in terms of a physically defined energy concept. We show that under
      certain conditions the flow variance is proportional to the mechanical work of
      breathing, and indicate how this new parameter is related to conventional
      measures of respiratory function. An example is presented to describe the
      computational procedure and to illustrate the graphical aspects of cross-spectrum
      analysis.

PMID- 953139
TI  - The analysis of ranked data derived from completely randomized factorial designs.
AB  - This paper presents a method for the analysis of ranked data arising from
      completely randomized factorial designs. The procedure, which is an extension of
      the Kruskal-Wallis ranks test, allows for the calculation of interaction effects
      and linear contrasts. A Monte Carlo study of the convergence of the test and a
      worked example are presented.

PMID- 953140
TI  - Stability of population growth determined by 2 X 2 Leslie matrix with density
      dependent elements.
AB  - The matrix considered contains four elements, each a function of total number. A
      special case for which the matrix may be appropriate is when the population may
      be divided into juveniles and adults, and the survival rates and fecundity are
      the same for all members of each group. This is true, at least approximatley, for
      many species of birds. The conditions for stability are determined and are
      illustrated with a model based on the data collected on the Marley Wood, Oxford,
      population of the Great tit (Parus major L.). A reformulation of the conditons
      permits comparison with the conditions for a population with identical survival
      rates and fecundity for all age groups, i.e., a population without effective age
      structure. Conditions under which the age structure may be ignored when
      discussing stability are considered.

PMID- 953141
TI  - Expectations for inbreeding depression on self-fertilization of tetraploids.
AB  - The contribution to the inbreeding depression from a digenic tetrasomic locus
      upon self-fertilization involves three genotypic interaction effects which may be
      thought of as a generalization of the dominance deviation for a diploid locus. It
      is shown how this contribution may be expressed in terms of these genotypic
      interaction effects, the gene frequencies and the number of generations of
      selfing.

PMID- 953142
TI  - Reanalysis of some baboon descent data.
AB  - Wagner and Altmann [1973] recently reported an analysis of a set of baboon
      descent times, some of which were left censored due to varying arrival times at
      the observation site. Any transformation of the data which reverses order
      produced a set of right censored observations. In this way, the Kaplan-Meier
      [1958] estimate of the descent time distribution can be computed. Estimates of
      the mean and variance of the distribution are given, as well as the standard
      error of the estimate of the mean.

PMID- 953143
TI  - A generalization of a matrix occupancy problem.
AB  - An extension of the so-called committee problem is discussed in terms of the
      occupancy of a certain matrix whose row totals are taken as fixed, and whose cell
      entries are constrained to lie between zero and defined maxima. A statistic is
      constructed as a function of the column totals and used to test the significance
      of a column effect, irrespective of row differences. Two special cases when the
      cell maxima are constant, first within rows and second within columns, yield a
      covariance matrix for the column totals whose inverse may be found explicitly,
      and this in turn leads to a relatively simple expression for the test statistic.
      Applications of this generalized problem to certain health research situations
      are discussed, and the adequacy of a X2 approximation to the statistic's null
      distribution is mentioned.

PMID- 953144
TI  - Maximum gain in the two-stage classification procedure.

PMID- 953145
TI  - Letter: On Bulmer's statistical analysis of density dependence.

PMID- 953146
TI  - Effect of ultrasound on the permeability of D2O through cellulose membranes.
AB  - The effect of ultrasound energy on the permeability of water through cellulose
      membranes was studied using deuterium oxide (D2O) as a tracer. The same membrane
      was used for control (no ultrasound) and ultrasound experiments in a sequential
      reversal design. Transfer of D2O to a 2% albumin solution was measured in a glass
      dializing cell with membrane area of 11 cm2. Ultrasonic energy was supplied for
      45 min by a hydrosonic bath (Linden Laboratories) at an intensity of 0.18
      watt/cm2, an energy level commonly used for therapeutic purposes. Statistical
      analysis showed a significant increase in water transfer due to the ultrasound
      treatment irrespective of the sequence of application of ultrasound. It was
      concluded that ultrasound energy increases water permeability through cellulose
      dializing membranes. Whether or not increased water permeability is the operating
      mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of ultrasonic bath therapy remains
      unanswered.

PMID- 953147
TI  - Effect of resorbable calcium aluminate ceramics on regulation of calcium and
      phosphorus in rats.
AB  - Ions released from resorbable ceramics could be toxic to the animal. Experiments
      were designed to study the effect of implanting three different weights of porous
      resorbable calcium aluminate ceramics (0.172, 0.332, and 0.504 g) in rats for a
      total duration of 300 days. Gross and microscopic examination of heart, liver,
      kidneys, trachea with thyroid, and muscle adjacent to the implant did not show
      any pathological changes. Calcium and inorganic phosphate content of bone, serum
      and urine were not affected by the implants. Urine hydroxyproline excretion did
      not change in the animals implanted with ceramics. Animals implanted with 0.332 g
      of ceramics had a significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase activity than
      the control animals. Resorption of calcium and depositon of inorganic phosphates
      in the implanted ceramics suggested that ions were being exchanged with the body
      fluids. Implantation of 0.172 to 0.332 g porous resorbable calcium aluminate
      ceramic was not toxic to the animal.

PMID- 953148
TI  - 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate red cell concentration changes during the menstrual cycle
      in woman.
AB  - The authors showed that 2,3-DPG red cell concentration (2,3-DPG) WAS
      SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER DURING THE LAST WEEK Of the menstrual cycle of five women
      (1.08+/-0.09 mol-,p;Hb-1) (M +/- 1 SE) THAN DURING THE First part and the last
      but one week of the cycle (0.86+/-0.04 mol-molHb-1, p less than 0.01). PACO2 was
      significantly lower during the last week of the cycle (36.3+/-1.3 torr) than
      during the first part and the last but one week of the cycle(40.1+/-0.8 torr, p
      less than 0.001). This hypocapnia was due to transient hyperventilation in the
      second part of the menstrual cycle. 5 men were studied during 4 weeks to
      determinate control values. No change was observed. The 2,3-DGP mean value
      (1.10+/-0.01 mol-molGb-1) was not significantly different of the values observed
      in the women during the last week of the cycle. These results suggest that the
      2,3-DPG increase during the last week of the menstrual cylce is problably due to
      a respiratory alkalosis induced by progesterone secretion.

PMID- 953149
TI  - A case of hemoglobin M Boston. New data about valency hybrids brought by
      isoelectrofocusing study.
AB  - In Hemoglobins M, as the result of a mutation theheme iron of the abnormal chain
      is atabilized in an oxidized form unable to carry oxygen. In this paper, we
      discuss the case of hemoglobin M Boston characterizing this abnormal hemoglobin
      as valency hybrid by spectral studies and utilising this mutant as a marker, in
      isoelectricfocusing, we bring the arguments that the two intermediary bands of
      oxidation correspond to alpha2+beta2+2 and alpha2+2beta2+3 We also indicate that
      the abnormal spectrum of Hb M interferes with the estimation of methemoglobin,
      giving erroneous values. We have shown that isoelectric focusing and subsequent
      scanning give a definite idea about the amount of abnormal chain present.

PMID- 953150
TI  - Electrostatic free energy and shift of the phase transition for charged lipid
      membranes.
AB  - For a charged membrane in an electrolyte solution the electrostatic free energy
      is derived treating the system as a diffuse double layer. The dependence of the
      energy on external parameters like surface charge density and temperature is
      obtained and the physical basis discussed. As an application the charges are
      shown to exert an electrostatic surface pressure on the lipid chain packing which
      leads to a shift in the phase transition of membranes. The results confirm the
      interpretation of experimental data as given by Trauble et al. in the
      accompanying paper.

PMID- 953151
TI  - Differential hydrogen ion titrations of the histidine residues in Helix pomatia
      haemocyanin.
AB  - The properties of the histidine residues in Helix pomatia haemocyanin have been
      studied by differential hydrogen ion titrations. In oxy-and deoxyhaemocyanin 31 X
      10(-5) histidine residues per g protein are titrated in contrast to 35 X 10(-5)
      residues in apohaemocyanin. The difference corresponds to a stoichiometry of one
      histidine residue per copper atom bound. Even in apohaemocyanin about 6 X 10(-5)
      histidine residues per  g protein are not titrated in their normal pH region. In
      the presence of sufficient calcium to displace the dissociation completely out of
      the titration region, the titration curve of apohaemocyanin could be linarized
      according to the model of Linderstrom--Lang. In oxy-and deoxyhaemocyanin,
      however, a distinct deviation from linearity was found under the same conditions.
      In the absence of calcium the effect of the dissociation adds up to this
      deviation. The electrostatic interaction factors were determined for the protein
      at 0.1 M KC1 and for the dissociation products: halves and tenths at 1.0 M KC1.
      The electrostatic interaction factor for the wholes and the halves are much
      smaller than the values calculated from the Linderstrom--Lang equation, using the
      radius of the equivalent sphere either obtained from electron microscopy or from
      the partial specific volume. This probably due to solvent penetration. For the
      tenths at 1.0 M KC1, this effect is small.

PMID- 953152
TI  - Ion binding by X-537A. Equilibrium and rate of complexation of Co(2+) in
      methanol.
AB  - The reaction of X-537A (XH) with Co(2+) in methanol to form the complex CoX(+)
      has been studied fluorometrically to determine the equilibrium constant as a
      function of temperature. The effect of complexation on the proton NMR spectrum of
      the X-537A was studied to determine the kinetics of complex formation. Comparing
      the data for the reaction XM(+) leads to X(-) + M(2+) in methanol at 25 degrees
      for several M(2+) we find that the equilibrium constants increase in the order
      CoX(+) less than MnX(+) and span only a factor of 5 while the rate constants
      increase in the order NiX(+) less than CoX(+) less than MnX(+) and span a factor
      of more than 100.

PMID- 953153
TI  - Association kinetics with coupled diffusional flows. Special application to the
      lac repressor--operator system.
AB  - The time development of the association of the lac repressor to the operator is
      considered in a model where the repressor is allowed to bind unspecifically to
      DNA and move along the DNA chain in a one-dimensional diffusion. The coupling to
      the three-dimensional diffusion outside the chain is introduced by letting the
      repressor associate and dissociate from the chain until it is finally bound to
      the operator. All distance correlations along the chain are included. The mean
      time of association is calculated and through a comparison with experimental data
      the molecular parameters are determined. The one-dimensional diffusion constant
      is found to be of the order of 10(-9) cm(2)s(-1). The model is sufficiently
      general to be applicable to other similar systems.

PMID- 953154
TI  - Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of ion condensation to polynucleotides.
      Outer sphere complex formed by Mg++ions.
AB  - The coupling of ion binding to the single strand helix-coil transition in poly
      (A) and poly (C) is used to obtain information about both processes by ion
      titration and field-jump relaxation methods. Characterisation of the field-jump
      relaxation in poly (C) at various concentrations of monovalent ions leads to the
      evaluation of a stability constant K = 71 M(-1) for the ion binding to the
      polymer. the rate constant of helix formation is found to be 1.3 X 10(7)s(-1),
      whereas the dissociation rate is 1.0 X 10(6)s(-1). Similar data are preseented
      for poly (A) and poly (dA). The interaction of Mg(++) and Ca(++) with poly (A)
      and poly (C) is measured by a titration method using the polymer absorbance for
      the indication of binding. The data can be represented by a model with
      independent binding "sites". The stability constants increase with decreasing
      salt concentration from 2.7 X 10(4) M(-1) at medium ionic strengths up to 2.7 X
      10(7) M(-1) at low ionic strength. The number of ions bound per nucleotide
      residue is in the range 0.2 to 0.3. Relaxation time constants associated with
      Mg(++) binding are characterised over a broad range of Mg(++) concentrations form
      5 muM to 500 muM. The observed concentration dependence supports the conclusion
      on the number of binding places inferred from equilibrium titrations. The rate of
      Mg(++) and Ca(++) association to the polymer is close to the limit of diffusion
      control kR =1 X 10(10) to 2 X 10(10) M(-1) s(-1)). This high rate demonstrates
      that Mg(++) and Ca(++) ions do not form inner-sphere complexes with the
      polynucleotides. Apparently the distance between two adjacent phosphates is too
      large for a simultaneous site binding of Mg(++) or Ca(++), and inner sphere
      complexation at a single phosphate seems to be too weak. The data support the
      view that the ions like Mg(++) and Ca(++) surround the polynucleotides in the
      form of a mobile ion cloud without site binding.

PMID- 953155
TI  - Simulation, entropy flux and chemical potential.

PMID- 953156
TI  - The measure-unit of evolution.
AB  - A theoretical study on evolution has been carried out, with the aim of disproving
      some value judgements essentially represented by the idea that the degree of
      evolution can increase. Our conclusions are based upon the preliminary statement
      that efficiency of survival is directly related to regulative ability. On this
      ground our reasoning led us to conclude that: (i) actual fitness measure units
      derive from an anthropocentric bias, and they mainly evaluate similarity to man
      rather than some objective parameter; (ii) a complete and meaningful unit is, at
      present, impossible to achieve in practice; (iii) since the study of evolution is
      only descriptive, and since the evolutionary process is time dependent, every
      ecological dominant living today must be considered as the most fitted to its
      environment; (iv) the view we can have of evolution is simply a transection, so
      that many generalized phyletic trees are trivial and it is impossible to claim
      the persistence today of those "ancestor organisms" upon which such trees are
      constructed. Moreover, a functional definition of the term "organism" is given,
      following criteria drawn from bioenergetics and from biological hierarchization.
      The concluding step is the assemblage of a slightly heterodox model for
      evolution.

PMID- 953158
TI  - Linkages in thermal copolymers of lysine.
AB  - The thermal copolymerization of lysine with other alpha-amino acids has been
      studied further. The identity of the second amino acid influences various
      properties of the polymer obtained, including the proportion of alpha and epsilon
      linkages of lysine. A review of linkages in proteinoids indicated alpha and beta
      linkages for aspartic acid, alpha and gamma linkages for glutamic acid, alpha and
      epsilon linkages for lysine, and alpha linkages for other amino acids. Thermal
      proteinoids are thus more complex in types of linkage than are proteins.

PMID- 953157
TI  - Evolution of C4 photosynthesis in response to changes in carbon and oxygen
      concentrations in the atmosphere through time.
AB  - The hypothesis is presented that C4 photosynthesis has evolved at lease in part
      in response to reduced efficiency of C3 photosynthesis due to increased oxygen
      partial pressures in our recent atmosphere. Oxygen competition with carbon
      dioxide for the active site on ribulose diphosphate carboxylase was of little
      consequence when atmospheric levels of CO2 were high and those of O2 were low.
      However at the present low CO2 and high O2 partial pressures, adaptations for
      protecting the enzyme from oxygen have been selected.

PMID- 953159
TI  - A model for competing polymers leading to their spatial separation.
AB  - A model for a prebiotic polymer synthesis in a gradient of monomer is presented.
      In the absence of mutations the synthesis of the polymer proceeds in the region
      where the monomer concentration is the highest. However if a favorable mutation
      occurs, the latter accumulates in the high concentration zone and the initial
      polymer is restricted to a poorer monomer concentration region.

PMID- 953160
TI  - Thermal polymerization of amino acids under various atmospheres or at low
      pressures.
AB  - The kinds and proportions of amino acids formed in two simulated prebiotic
      experiments or detected in hydrolyzed extracts of three extraterrestrial samples
      were found to polymerize thermally under various atmospheres or at low pressures.
      Yields, tested properties, and amino acid compositions of the polymers were not
      influenced by the type of enveloping atmosphere, including two simulated
      prebiotic atmospheres and five pure gases. However, polyamino acids prepared at
      low pressure (0.02, 10(-4) atm) were obtained in appreciably greater yield than
      those synthesized at 1 atm; amino acid composition was somewhat influenced by low
      pressure. The results indicate that polyamino acids could have been formed
      thermally under a variety of possible prebiotic atmospheres and on planetary
      bodies of low atmospheric pressure.

PMID- 953161
TI  - Biological clocks: endogenous cycles synchronized by subtle geophysical rhythms.
AB  - Organismic sensitivity to atmospheric electromagnetic forces, together with
      usually asymmetrical phase-response systems, have enabled a simple unified
      explanation of the biological clocks and their timed rhythms. The clocks,
      endogenous cycles synchronized by subtle geophysical Zeitgeber, are always
      accurate. The rhythms, freely phase labile, autophase in "constant conditions" to
      generate a host of overt frequencies.

PMID- 953162
TI  - Polycondensation of alpha-amino acids by pyrosulfuric acid.
AB  - The thermal polycondensation of amino acids common to protein is promoted at 80
      degrees C by pyrosulfuric acid. This is in contrast to the noncondensation at 100
      degrees C in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. These results are in
      accord with an anhydride mechanism, as proposed earlier for copolycondensation
      promoted by polyphosphoric acid. The amino acid composition, molecular weight,
      near-homogeneity, are infrared absorption of the polymer formed are described.
      The potential significance of planetary pyrosulfuric acid is discussed.

PMID- 953163
TI  - Continuous monitoring in enzyme immobilization.

PMID- 953164
TI  - The mode of interaction between the substrate and cell surface of the hydrocarbon
      utilizing yeast Candida tropicalis.
AB  - A method for the measurement of the affinity of the cell surface to hydrocarbons
      is described. The affinity was basically unaffected by different pH values and
      temperature as well as by the chain length of the substrate. The contact time
      required for saturation of the cell surface with substrate was 30 sec. Cells
      grown on glucose showed a 25% lower adsorption capacity compared to those grown
      on n-alkane. The glucose grown cells showed also a more distinguished dependence
      of the amount of adsorbed hydrocarbon on the quality of the emulsion. The
      interaction between the substrate and cell surface turned out to be an adsorption
      that did not involve an enzymatic reaction. These results led to the conclusion
      that a lipopolysaccharide moiety present at the cell surface is responsible for
      the affinity.

PMID- 953165
TI  - Pore diffusion model for a two-substrate enzymatic reaction: application to
      galactose oxidase immobilized on porous glass particles.
AB  - An analysis of the pore diffusion model involving a two-substrate enzymatic
      reaction is presented. The resulting equations have been applied to the case of
      galactose oxidase catalyzed oxidation of galactose when the enzyme is immobilized
      on porous glass particles. The physical constants of the system were obtained by
      theoretical predictions and the enzyme concentration in the porous medium was
      derived from the experimental results. The calculations were performed with the
      assumption that the kinetic parameters of the enzyme remain unchanged upon
      immobilization. The theoretically calculated effectiveness factors were compared
      with the experimental effectiveness factors determined from the batch kinetic
      experiments and were found to be in agreement. The results are presented as
      effectiveness factor plots graphed as functions of bulk galactose and oxygen
      concentrations. The model was extended in order to study the effect of external
      mass transfer coefficients and pore enzyme concentrations on the effectiveness
      factors.

PMID- 953166
TI  - Immobilization of a cephalosporin acetylesterase by containment within an
      ultrafiltration device.
AB  - A cephalosporin acetylesterase produced by Bacillus subtilis catalyzes the
      deacetylation of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA). Previous reports from our
      laboratory described the kinetic constants that characterize the reaction: Km =
      2.8 X 10(-3)M, Kia acetate = 5 X 10(-2)M, and Kid deacetyl-7-ACA = 3.6 X 10(-2)M.
      These constants were used to predict the time course of the reaction using the
      following equation for dual competitive product inhibition. (see article) where
      St =mg/ml 7-ACA, At =mg/ml acetate, Dt =mg/ml deacetyl-7-ACA. The predicted time
      course closely matched the time course measured experimentally. The equation also
      was solved without the inhibition terms and the solution indicated that product
      inhibition caused about a 30% increase in the time required for complete (greater
      than 97%) hydrolysis of a 24 mg/ml 7-ACA solution. The esterase was immobilized
      by containment within an ultrafiltration device. With this technique the enzyme
      was reused 20 times over an 11 day span to deacetylate 7-ACA solutions containing
      4 to 24 mg/ml 7-ACA. The specific activity after the 20th use was the same as the
      activity prior to the first use, indicating little enzyme inactiviation occurred.

PMID- 953167
TI  - A mathematical model for microbial growth under limitation by conservative
      substrates.
AB  - A mathematical model is suggested for growth of microorganisms under limitation
      by "conservative" substrates such as inorganic ions or vitamins that are not
      broken down after uptake into the cells, but that wholely or partly remain
      available for production of biomass. The specific growth rate is expressed here
      as a function of the intracellular "concentration" of the limiting substrate,
      defined as the amount of substrate within the cells per unit of cell dry weight.
      In the model, the intracellular substrate is divided into two parts. One part is
      a "structural" substrate not available for further growth. The other part is an
      "excess" or "functional" substrate that is used for biomass production and is
      assumed to be converted into structural substrate proportionally to growth. The
      rate of growth is believed to be controlled by the intracellular concentration of
      excess substrate.

PMID- 953168
TI  - Computer assistance in multiparameter flow microphotometry of mammalian cells.
AB  - Flow system technology enables the biological and medical experimenter to
      investigate the distribution spectra of various cellular characteristics
      separately or in parameter combination on the basis of ultrarapid single cell
      measurements. A typical rate of recognition is about 1000 to 5000 cells per
      second and the precision of measurements and their statistical relevance has been
      previously unobtainable. According to the approach of the multiparameter analysis
      and high data rate, computer assistance in flow system technology is given
      primary consideration. In this study three different kinds of software controlled
      modes in data acquisition are demonstrated: normal acquisition and linear
      accumulation of single parameters, spectra accumulation of two correlated
      parameters of each single cell and documentation as linear, two- or three
      dimensional distribution pattern, and linear accumulation of two correlated
      parameters simultaneously with their actual signal-to-signal ratio. A first
      attempt to analyze distribution spectra was the application of the entropy of the
      structure routinely used in cybernetics. This function seems to be a measure for
      determining the degree of synchrony in an appropriate pretreated cell population.
      A special mathematical strategy has been applied to the linear spectra cellular
      DNA content, whose advantage is the quantitative extraction of the fractions
      concerning the various phases of the life cycle cells. The validity of this
      special curve fitting procedure has been proven on various experimental cell
      populations.

PMID- 953169
TI  - Microbiological leaching of a chalcopyrite concentrate by Thiobacillus
      ferrooxidans.
AB  - The microbiological leaching of a chalcopyrite concentrate has been investigated
      using a pure strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The optimum leaching conditions
      regarding pH, temperature, and pulp density were found to be 2.3, 35 degrees C,
      and 22% respectively. The energy of activation was calculated to be 16.7
      kcal/mol. During these experiments the maximum rate of copper dissolution was
      about 215 mg/liters/hr and the final copper concentration was as high as 55
      g/liter. This latter value is in the range of copper concentrations which may be
      used for direct electrorecovery of copper. Jarosite formation was observed during
      the leaching of the chalcopyrite concentrate. When the leach residue was reground
      to expose new substrate surface, subsequent leaching resulted in copper
      extractions up to about 80%. On the basis of this experimental work, a flow sheet
      has been proposed for commercial scale biohydrometallurgical treatment of high
      grade chalcopyrite materials.

PMID- 953170
TI  - Invertase biosynthesis by Saccharomyces carlsbergensis in batch and continuous
      cultures.
AB  - The biosynthesis of invertase by Saccharomyces carlsbergensis LAM 1068 was
      studied in relation to its glucose effect at both unsteady and steady states of
      growth. Experimental correlations between the dilution rate and invertase
      specific activity (E/X) in chemostat cultures led to an optimum for the enzyme
      synthesis at a particular intermediate growth rate. The value of E/X increased
      from 1.1 (U/mg biomass) in batch cultures to 13 (U/mg biomass) in chemostat
      cultures. A mutant strain A3 showed the highest value for E/X = 25 (U/mg biomass)
      at high dilution rates where glucose repression was observed with the wild
      strain.

PMID- 953171
TI  - Dual control of invertase biosynthesis in chemostat culture.
AB  - In a previous study on the chemostat culture of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis,
      maximum invertase specific activity was observed at an intermediate dilution
      rate. A possible regulation mechanism, assuming there are simultaneous effects of
      induction and repression on two sites of the operator loci for invertase
      formation, is proposed which might account for the observed curve of the dilution
      rate effect.

PMID- 953172
TI  - Inhibition of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans by soluble silver.

PMID- 953173
TI  - Gompertz's law on the growth of mycelial pellets.

PMID- 953175
TI  - The current status of phototherapy.

PMID- 953174
TI  - Purification of carboxypeptidase G-1 by immunoadsorption.

PMID- 953176
TI  - Practical aspects of the use of phototherapy in neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 953177
TI  - The effect of phototherapy on insensible water loss and peripheral blood flow.

PMID- 953178
TI  - Effect of broad and narrow spectrum fluorescent light on blood constituents.
AB  - Riboflavin in whole blood, G-6-PD activity in erythrocytes and amino acids in
      plasma of infants irradiated by broad and narrow spectrum blue fluorescent light
      were determined. Riboflavin was reduced by both types of light. Loss of G-6-PD
      activity during phototherapy with subsequent hemolysis was observed in some
      infants under each type of light source, both in vivo and in vitro. This
      phenomenon may be related to the indirect effect of riboflavin reduction and not
      to a direct effect upon the enzyme. The reduction of the plasma concentration of
      some amino acids observed under broad spectrum irradiation but not under pure
      blue light may not be of significance, but is of concern. These data indicate
      that all fluorescent light sources in current use for phototherapy produce
      biologic effects of importance beside the primary purpose of the treatment to
      reduce hyperbilirubinemia. It is apparent from the results of these studies that
      phototherapy light penetrates more deeply than the superficial skin to exert
      photochemical effects.

PMID- 953179
TI  - The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of bilirubin.

PMID- 953180
TI  - Mass spectrometry in the study of bilirubin metabolism.

PMID- 953181
TI  - FLuorescent properties of the bilirubin-albumin complex.

PMID- 953182
TI  - Assessing diffusibility of bilirubin in jaundiced infants.

PMID- 953183
TI  - Experience with Sephadex gel filtration in assessing the risk of bilirubin
      encephalopathy in neonatal jaundice.
AB  - Clinical experience with Sephadex gel filtration for evaluation of the bilirubin
      binding affinity of serum in neonatal jaundice is reported. In serum specimens
      from 362 jaundiced neonates the results of the test were in most cases in good
      agreement with the independently determined decision to perform exchange
      transfusion. In all relevant cases of the 24 with bilirubin encephalopathy the
      Sephadex test was strongly positive. The test was positive at lower bilirubin
      levels and bilirubin:albumin molar ratios in preterm as compared with term
      neonates, especially those in poor clinical conditions. Among term infants the
      test indicated an increase in bilirubin binding affinity after the fifth day of
      life. The Sephadex test appears to be of practical value in supplementing and
      refining existing criteria for exchange transfusion.

PMID- 953184
TI  - Further clinical evaluation of the Sephadex g-25 elution technique in the
      management of the hyperbilirubinemic infant.

PMID- 953185
TI  - Clinical experience with Sephadex gel filtration for the estimation of non
      albumin bound bilirubin in sera of jaundiced infants.
AB  - Sephadex G-25 (Kernlute test) yields satisfactory results for the identification
      of infants at risk for BE and for estimation of the bilirubin binding capacity of
      the serum. In the presence of more than 2 mg/100 ml of conjugated bilirubin, the
      interpretation of the Sephadex G-25 test requires caution. Gel filtration through
      Sephadex LH-20 and chloroform elution of the free unconjugated bilirubin not
      bound to albumin seems to be a useful tool for eliminating interference by
      conjugated bilirubin, which is not chloroform-extractable.

PMID- 953186
TI  - Bilirubin binding, free fatty acids and a new concept for the pathogenesis of
      kernicterus.

PMID- 953188
TI  - Phototherapy: a summary.

PMID- 953187
TI  - Clinical application of phototherapy in neonatal jaundice.
AB  - Phototherapy is effective in preventing jaundice in the LBW infant. Using the
      schedule of lights on for 12 hours and off for 12 hours, continuous phototherapy
      was more effective than intermittent phototherapy. Metabolic requirements of the
      infant during phototherapy appear to increase. Whether these can be offset by
      appropriate therapy requires further study. No deleterious long-term effects of
      phototherapy were found on 2-year follow-up.

PMID- 953189
TI  - Bilirubin binding.

PMID- 953190
TI  - Overall perspectives in neonatal jaundice: present and future.

PMID- 953191
TI  - Photodegradation products of bilirubin studied by high pressure liquid
      chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and
      mass spectrometry.

PMID- 953192
TI  - Characteristics of a photoproduct of bilirubin found in vitro and in vivo, and
      its effect on the bilirubin binding affinity of serum.
AB  - The 430 pigment isolated from bilirubin-albumin solutions illuminated in vitro,
      decreased the bilirubin binding affinity of serum. This effect was demonstrated
      for both tightly and loosely bound bilirubin in serum, but in albumin solutions
      pretreated with charcoal only the binding of loosely bound bilirubin was
      decreased. This finding is of importance because a similar pigment has been
      isolated from the body fluids of an infant with Crigler-Najjar syndrome. The
      production and accumulation of 430 pigment during phototherapy might decrease the
      binding of bilirubin to albumin in the circulation.

PMID- 953193
TI  - Effect of phototherapy on bilirubin excretion in man and the rat.
AB  - Further evidence that the bilirubin excreted by Gunn rats during phototherapy is
      unconjugated is presented. The unconjugated bilirubin is not carried into bile as
      a water-soluble complex with rapidly excreted bilirubin derivatives, nor as a
      result of leakage of plasma protein into bile. Phototherapy does not augment
      biliary excretion of bilirubin in normal nonjaundiced rats, but does increase the
      concentration of conjugated bilirubin in the bile of patients with alcoholic
      cirrhosis, although their serum bilirubin concentrations are unaffected. The
      mechanism for augmented excretion of unconjugated bilirubin during phototherapy
      remains unexplained.

PMID- 953194
TI  - Plasma hepatic enzymes in jaundiced newborn infants treated with phototherapy.

PMID- 953196
TI  - The dietary prophylaxis of cataracts in patients with galactosemia.

PMID- 953195
TI  - Mail screening for inborn errors of metabolism with tears.

PMID- 953197
TI  - Cataract in mannosidosis.

PMID- 953198
TI  - Differential diagnosis and treatment of dislocated lenses.
AB  - Ectopia lentis continues to be a perplexing diagnostic and therapeutic problem
      for most ophthalmologists. However, thorough investigation, both systemic and
      ocular, can in most cases, establish either an environmental etiology or the
      nature of the heritable disorder. In cases with systemic disease and ectopia
      lentis, the ophthalmologist should insure that each patient obtains adequate
      consultation with other specialists in order that proper prophylactic and
      therapeutic measures are available. The Marfan syndrome, homocystinuria, and the
      Weill-Marchesani together account for the majority of dislocated lenses. Each of
      these requires a somewhat different therapeutic approach. Glaucoma should be
      recognized as a frequent complication in each of these conditions but is most
      serious in the Weill-Marchesani syndrome in which it often occurs early in life
      and remains unrecognized until serious damage has occurred. Because of the
      pupillary-block nature of the glaucoma in this condition, a prophylactic
      peripheral iridectomy must be seriously considered in every case while lens
      surgery should be undertaken if the glaucoma cannot be controlled by medical or
      surgical means. In homocystinuria, because of the potential vascular
      complications of general anesthesia, the ophthalmologist is often in a dilemma.
      The lens in this condition seems to be more mobile than in other ectopia lentis
      disorders and therefore likely to compromise vision earlier in life. However, due
      to the risk of vascular thrombosis, lens surgery should be delayed whenever
      possible until the patient is old enough to tolerate local anesthesia. Likewise,
      patients with the Marfan syndrome should be handled conservatively and, in
      general, function quite well simple with spectacle correction. Due to the high
      frequency of immediate surgical complications, it is advisable to avoid an open
      sky technique to lens removal, using aspiration or a pars plana approach instead.

PMID- 953199
TI  - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia HOGA.

PMID- 953200
TI  - The differential diagnosis of the various forms of Batten disease by rectal
      biopsy.

PMID- 953201
TI  - Retinal involvement in a case of nephronophthisis associated with liver fibrosis
      Senior-Boichis syndrome.
AB  - Electroretinographic and electroencephalographic studies were conducted in a 12
      year-old boy with nephronophthisis, chronic hepatic fibrosis, mental retardation
      and tapetoretinal degeneration (Senior-Boichis syndrome). Markedly reduced ERG
      amplitudes and flat oscillatory potentials were found in the proband. Delayed
      scotopic implicit time and reduced amplitudes of the beta-wave were found in the
      mother's ERG. ERG may identify the carrier state of  the Senior-Boichio syndrome.

PMID- 953202
TI  - Ocular manifestations of spongy digeneration.

PMID- 953203
TI  - Ocular movements in lipid storage disease. Reports of juvenile Gaucher disease
      and the ophthalmoplegic lipidosis.

PMID- 953204
TI  - Menkes diseases.

PMID- 953205
TI  - The eye and collagen in osteogenesis imperfecta.

PMID- 953206
TI  - Ocular manifestations in patients and female relatives of families with the
      oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe.

PMID- 953207
TI  - Lowe syndrome: identification of the carrier state.

PMID- 953208
TI  - Birth defect surveillance in the search for and evaluation of possible human
      teratogens.

PMID- 953209
TI  - Ring Y chromosome without mosaicism.
AB  - A 53-year-old man with a short stocky build, mild mental retardation,
      gynecomastia and hypogonadism was found to have a small ring Y chromosome
      unassociated with mosaicism. The ring Y was represented by a minute portion of
      chromatin or sometimes paired dots which were no larger than the short arm of the
      normally expected Y. No brightly fluorescent segment of the ring Y was present
      nor was it observed elsewhere in the karyotype. A primary medical problem was
      severe osteoarthritis, necessitating bilateral hip arthroplasties. Plasma
      testosterone was markedly decreased and plasma gonadotropins were increased.
      Potency was improved following testosterone injections. We conclude that genes
      responsible for testicular differentiation, maleness and possibly height are
      located close to the centromere of the Y chromosome, possibly on both the short
      and long arm. We also conclude that multiple genes are required for a fully
      developed male phenotype and apparently some of these genes were deleted or not
      expressed in this patient.

PMID- 953210
TI  - Tertiary trisomy 14: is there a syndrome?

PMID- 953211
TI  - Partial trisomy of chromosome 14: (+14q-).
AB  - Partial trisomy 14 as a 47, + 14q- karyotype is compatible with life and this
      state is distinguished on cytogenetic, not clinical, grounds. Clinical features
      are nonspecific and these children are most obvious because of growth and mental
      retardation. This extends and broadens the indications for chromosome analysis.
      The significance of finding a +14q- karyotype must, however, be considered in the
      knowledge that ESA fragments have been associated with disorders that do not have
      a chromosome aberration pathogenesis. A balanced translocation should always be
      sought in parents of affected children. Finally, the proximal long arm of
      chromosome 14 apparently has at least 2 sites of relative fragility: 14q12 in
      vitro and 14q22 in vivo. Blood group analyses have been uninformative (2, 5).

PMID- 953212
TI  - Deletion of 11q: report of two cases and a review.
AB  - A terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11 is compatible with life, and
      the affected child uniformly shows growth and mental retardation and telecanthus.
      However, no clear-cut, distinctive clinical syndrome is apparent. Mental and
      growth retardation alone may be the sole indications for chromosome analysis, as
      the virtual absence of dysmorphic features in some cases (Case 2) is noteworthy.
      Other appropriate family members should be evaluated to determine whether there
      is a familial balanced reciprocal translocation present and proper genetic
      counseling provided.

PMID- 953213
TI  - Terminal (1)(q43) long-arm deletion of chromosome no. 1 in a three-year-old
      female.
AB  - A 3-year-old Latin female is reported with a terminal deletion of the No. 1
      chromosome, karyotype formula 46, XX, del(1) (q43). Principle clinical features
      include: Anatomic - microcephaly; bilateral, convergent strabismus; epicanthus;
      brachycephaly; bulbar nose; sparse hair; partial soft tissue syndactylism between
      2nd and 3rd fingers which are slightly tapered; whorls on all 10 fingers; mild
      prognathism; solitary kidney; vaginal stenosis; vesicoureteral reflux; asymmetric
      feet; and subluxation of peroneal tendons around the fibula with severe pronation
      and heal valgus deformity. Neurologic - moderate motor and mental retardation;
      high-pitched, shrill cry; absent pincer grasp at 3 years; and grand mal seizures
      documented from 9 months of age.

PMID- 953214
TI  - X short-arm deletion gonadal dysgenesis in two sibs.

PMID- 953215
TI  - Trisomy C and cystic dysplasia of kidneys, liver and pancreas.
AB  - Trisomy C is documented in a 17-hour-old full-term male infant with bilateral
      diffuse renal dysplasia, Potter facies, pulmonary hypoplasia and other congenital
      anomalies. In addition to renal dysplasia, intrahepatic bile duct and pancreatic
      dysplasia are demonstrated microscopically. The extra C-group autosome is
      morphologically consistent with a No. 11 and this is regarded as the etiology of
      the multiple malformations of this infant. The phenotype and the renal
      malformation are essentially similar to those described by Juberg et al (3) in an
      infant with trisomy C. It is suggested that the same chromosome is involved in
      both cases. Karyotype analysis should be performed on patients suspected of
      congenital renal malformations since the evidence implicates trisomy C as the
      etiology of at least some cases of bilateral renal dysplasia.

PMID- 953216
TI  - 9pter leads p22 deletion syndrome: a case report.

PMID- 953217
TI  - The 9p--syndrome.

PMID- 953218
TI  - Partial monosomy and partial trisomy for different segments of chromosome 13 in
      several individuals of the same family.

PMID- 953219
TI  - Ambiguous genitalia and mental retardation associated with a translocation 46,
      XX, t(9; 10) and a deletion in 9q.

PMID- 953220
TI  - Proceedings: Dermatoglyphics and unusual anorectal and genital anomalies in
      trisomy 8 mosaicism.

PMID- 953221
TI  - Peters anomaly with pulmonary hypoplasia.

PMID- 953222
TI  - Peripheral pulmonary cystic disease in sibs.

PMID- 953223
TI  - Radiation-induced malformations in man.

PMID- 953224
TI  - A syndrome of ankylosis, facial anomalies and pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to
      fetal neuromuscular dysfunction.

PMID- 953225
TI  - Syndrome of camptodactyly, multiple ankyloses, facial anomalies and pulmonary
      hypoplasia--further delineation and evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 953226
TI  - A syndrome manifested by brittle hair with morphologic and biochemical
      abnormalities, developmental delay and normal stature.
AB  - We have presented 2 affected sibs-a male and female-with unaffected parents and
      sib from a small remote northern Mexican village. The syndrome includes mental
      deficit, brittle hair with decreased cuticular layer and an apparently collapsed
      cortex. The patients' hair contains decreased sulfur content and increased
      concentrations of trace elements as determined by x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy.
      Studies are underway to evaluate other apparently similarly affected children
      from the village where our family originated.

PMID- 953227
TI  - Familial aortic dissection with iris anomalies--a new connective tissue disease
      syndrome?

PMID- 953228
TI  - A possible new mental retardation syndrome.

PMID- 953229
TI  - Monosuperocentroincisivodontic dwarfism.

PMID- 953230
TI  - Studies of malformation syndromes in man XXXXII: a pleiotropic dominant mutation
      affecting skeletal, sexual and apocrine-mammary development.

PMID- 953231
TI  - Congenital microcephaly, hiatus hernia and nephrotic syndrome: an autosomal
      recessive syndrome.

PMID- 953232
TI  - Polydactyly with triphalangeal thumbs, brachydactyly, camptodactyly, congenital
      dislocation of the patellas, short stature and borderline intelligence.

PMID- 953233
TI  - Recurrent dislocation of the patella versus generalized joint laxity.

PMID- 953234
TI  - An X-linked form of cutis laxa due to deficiency of lysyl oxidase.

PMID- 953235
TI  - Generalized osseous abnormalities in the Marshall syndrome.

PMID- 953236
TI  - Deafness and vitiligo.
AB  - Seven cases of congenital deafness and an autosomal recessive pedigree pattern
      were observed in an inbred kindred. Three of the cases also had vitiligo, and
      there were 2 other cases of vitiligo in this kindred. The vitiligo also appeared
      to have an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.

PMID- 953237
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis and Engelmann disease.
AB  - Four cases of Engelmann disease were observed in a dominant inheritance pattern
      in a family of St. Landry Mulattoes. In the youngest sibship, one of the cases
      also had tumoral calcinosis. Another sib had only tumoral calcinosis, though some
      findings suggested that this sib may also have had Engelmann disease. All 3 of
      the younger sibs had snow-capped teeth. It is suggested by this family that snow
      capped teeth may be part of the syndrome of Engelmann disease.

PMID- 953238
TI  - Bilateral hammertoes: a new dominant disorder.

PMID- 953239
TI  - Proceedings: Pseudo-rubinstein syndrome: an autosomal dominant condition.

PMID- 953240
TI  - Proceedings: Craniocarpotarsal dysplasia with partial mandibular agenesis--an
      embryologic rarity or unusual gene expression?

PMID- 953241
TI  - Proceedings: The syndrome of aplasia cutis congenita with terminal transverse
      defects of limbs.

PMID- 953242
TI  - Sacral agenesis and associated anomalies.
AB  - Sacral agenesis can no longer be considered an uncommon disorder. The condition
      occurs often enough that the clinician should be alert to any signs that may
      suggest its presence in a newborn. This disease is frequently associated with
      other anomalies, especially those of musculoskeletal, GU and GI systems.
      Diagnosis--early diagnosis--is the key to prevention of permanent damage to the
      kidneys and urinary tract in patients with the disease.

PMID- 953243
TI  - Aberrant tissue bands and craniofacial defects.
AB  - A report of 8 cases of craniofacial anomalies and aberrant tissue bands has been
      presented. Analyses of the pedigrees, pregnancy histories and chromosome analyses
      were unrevealing. This syndrome appears to be a sporadic disorder and it is
      important to delineate it further from other syndromes for which recurrence risks
      are known.

PMID- 953244
TI  - Latency of defects.

PMID- 953245
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of maternal rubella on the permanent dentition.

PMID- 953246
TI  - Cellular respiration in abnormally developing embryos.

PMID- 953247
TI  - Proceedings: Birth defects monitoring program.

PMID- 953248
TI  - Usefulness of chromosome catalog in delineating new syndromes.

PMID- 953249
TI  - E trisomy phenotype associated with small metacentric chromosome and a familial Y
      22 translocation.
AB  - As a result of this case report, several entities are postulated due to an extra
      metacentric D or E chromosome: 1) infants presenting with a phenotype similar to
      the E 18 trisomy; however, the karyotype can be interpreted as either a deleted E
      or D chromosome; 2) another group of children all presenting with mental
      retardation, facial asymmetry, scoliosis and cerebral palsy, postulated due to a
      partial trisomy of E 16 or E 17; 3) individuals with a normal phenotype, but
      chromosomally presented with an additional satellited metacentric chromosome
      consistent with centric fusion of a D or G chromosome and 4) children presenting
      with an inconsistent phenotype and chromosomally presenting with an extra
      chromosome manifesting satellites or satellite association; the same chromosome
      abnormality often is found in unaffected parents and/or sibs.

PMID- 953250
TI  - [Methods of measuring and analysing the dynamic behavior of biological
      materials].

PMID- 953251
TI  - Blood viscosity of patients with intermittent claudication--concept of
      "rheological claudication".

PMID- 953252
TI  - A new hydrodynamic interaction mechanism for the formation of rouleaux.

PMID- 953253
TI  - A transient high resistance encountered in priming capillaries with blood.

PMID- 953254
TI  - Effect of red cells on heat-conduction in blood.

PMID- 953255
TI  - The effects of frequency of oscillatory flow on the impedance of rigid, blood
      filled tubes.

PMID- 953256
TI  - A constitutive equation for whole human blood.

PMID- 953257
TI  - Physical properties of sputum--VI: Physical-chemical factors in sputum rheology.

PMID- 953258
TI  - [Effect of bradykinin on the microcirculatory bed of the rat small intestine
      mesentery].
AB  - The effect of application and of intravenous injection of bradykinin on the rat
      mesenteric microcirculation was studied by direct microscopy methods in vivo.
      Electrophysiological experiments failed to reveal the reaction of the vascular
      smooth muscle cells to bradykinin. Under the same conditions the dynamics of
      vasomotions was studied by the image-splitter method. It appeared that the
      microvascular response to bradykinin application varied and primarily depended on
      whether the application was primary or repeated. It is suggested that the action
      of bradykinin on the mesenteric vessels was mediated through the other vasoactive
      agents.

PMID- 953259
TI  - [Microcirculatory bed of the small intestine in different phases of its motor
      activity].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on guinea pigs, rabbits and rats with a simultaneous
      recording of the motor activity of the small intestine and the state on its
      microcirculatory bed, it was shown that the diameter of parietal vessels of the
      small intestine depended on the contractile activity of the muscles of this
      intestine. Proceeding from these data the authors explained the mechanism of
      derangement of the secretory and absorptive function of the small intestine after
      its neuro-reflex isolation and transplantation.

PMID- 953260
TI  - [Effect of droperidol on corticofugal influences in food motivated responses].
AB  - The influences of droperidol (butyrophenon derivative) on feeding reaction evoked
      by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic "feeding centre" were investigated
      in unrestricted rabbits. Intravenous injection of droperidol (0.3 mg/kg)
      decreased the threshold of evoked feeding. Inhibitory influences of the anterior
      areas of the brain cortex on feeding reactions were absent in the animals under
      droperidol, but the facilitating influences of the posterior areas of the brain
      cortex on feeding reactions were retained or even became stronger. These findings
      are explained by dophamine-negative action of droperidol and by disturbances of
      the inhibitory system of the brain.

PMID- 953261
TI  - [Growth and hematopoiesis during early postnatal ontogenesis in rats subjected to
      cold exposure].
AB  - Rats developing the first month after birth under conditions of periodic cold
      exposures displayed earlier establishment of erythropoiesis as compared with
      control animals. This was expressed in a shorter period of physiological anemia
      and in increase of blood volume. As a result of improvement of body and tissue
      blood supply there occurred an acceleration of growth and development of
      experimental animals together with economy of energy expenditure at rest in
      comparison with control ratlings of the same age.

PMID- 953262
TI  - [Changes in hemorheologic indices during hemorrhagic shock].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on dogs. A study was made of interrelationship between
      the rheological, hemodynamic and metabolic indices in hemorrhagic shock. As
      found, mechanical properties of the blood altered after the blood loss in
      parallel with the macrohemodynamic disturbances and preceded metabolic acidosis.
      A conclusion was drawn that determination of blood fluidity threshold could be
      applied for the establishment of the extent of hemodynamic disturbance in shock.

PMID- 953263
TI  - [Influence of burned skin toxin on the state of hemodynamics in rats].
AB  - The toxin of the burned skin of rats purified by the immunochemical method
      possessed a definite physiological activity towards the cardiovascular system of
      homologous animals. The preparation introduced into the circulation caused in the
      course of 2 hours a reduction of the total arterial pressure from 125 +/- 7 mm Hg
      74 +/- 8 mm Hg. Development of systemic hypotension was accompanied by secondary
      disturbance of microcirculation in the mesentery of the small intestine in the
      form of contraction, of arterioles, retarding the blood flow along the venules,
      and reduction of the capillary circulation.

PMID- 953264
TI  - [Changes in the mesenteric microcirculation of rats in acute hypoxic hypoxia].
AB  - Hypoxia was induced in rats giving them to inspire gaseous mixture corresponding
      to an altitude of 6000 m. Arterial and venous vessels of the mesentery, from 9 to
      43 mum in diameter, were studied; their diameter, blood pressure and blood flow
      velocity in them were measured. Arterial microvessels proved to dilate in
      hypoxia. The maximal increase in their diameter (by 3-5 mum) occurred during the
      first 3-5 min after the gaseous mixture was given to inspire. Blood pressure and
      blood flow velocity in these vessels decreased during the whole course of the
      experiment.

PMID- 953265
TI  - [Influence of prolonged hypokinesia on the water and fat composition of the human
      body].
AB  - A study was made of a combined action of prolonged hypokinesia (period - up to 30
      49 days) and of different position of persons under trial (healthy men) to the
      gravitation vector on the body composition. Changes in total water content in the
      organism largely depended not on the limited mobility, but on the body position
      in space. In antiorthostatic position of persons under trial water "elimination"
      occurred chiefly during the first several days. The "lean mass of the body"
      decreased as a result of prolonged hypokinesia, and water content fell in it; but
      water content was rapidly restored with the restoration of the motor activity.

PMID- 953266
TI  - [Resistance of regenerating liver to hepatotoxins].
AB  - Treatment of mice with CCl4 and paracetamol induced massive centrilobular
      necroses. Preliminary induction of hepatocyte proliferation by partial
      hepatectomy significantly weakened or completely eliminated the toxic action on
      the liver depending on the time passed after the operation. Practically no damage
      was observed two days after the operation. Damage of the liver with CCl4
      paracetamol and other hepatotoxins is thought to be related to metabolism of
      these drugs by the hepatocytes and their transformation into toxic substances. In
      the regenerating liver a reconstruction of metabolism takes place which provides
      for the proliferative processes. Some tissue-specific functions of hepatocytes,
      drug metabolizing function in particular, are temporarily lost. This is
      responsible for nonsensibility of the regenerating liver to the toxins under
      study.

PMID- 953267
TI  - [The influence of cholinergic substances on the outcome of acute injuries in mice
      following irradiation with microwaves].

PMID- 953269
TI  - [Different heparin fractions].
AB  - It was shown that treatment by 2-3 M KCl solutions of complex unfractionated
      preparations of heparin with hexamminecobalt (III) resulted in incorporation into
      the solution of a heparin fraction containing 3 residues of sulphuric acid per 1
      residue in glucosamine. In the precipitate released of hexamminecobalt (III)
      there remains a heparin fraction containing 4 residues of sulphuric acid per 1
      residue of glucosamine. Both fractions were isolated in a chemically individual
      form.

PMID- 953268
TI  - [Artificial "adaptation" to cold using noradrenaline].
AB  - A study was undertaken to evaluate the muscle thermogenesis of rabbits 2-3 weeks
      after the intravenous injection of norepinephrine under conditions of cold.
      Electrical activity of the muscles proved to decrease single administration of
      norepinephrine proved to maintain (for several weeks) the temperature homeostasis
      with a much lesser electrical activity of the muscles than before the
      administration of norepinephrine. Apparently this phenomenon underlied adaptation
      of animals to cold.

PMID- 953270
TI  - [Intensity of phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis in the brain and spinal cord
      of rabbits with experimental allergic encephelomyelitis].
AB  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in rabbits by
      inoculation of homologous spinal cord myelin with Freund's adjuvant. During the
      paralytic stage of EAE rabbits were injected with 2-C14-acetate and sacrificed in
      two hours. As revealed, the intensity of phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis
      decreased markedly in rabbits with EAE not only in the lumbar part of the spinal
      cord (where the greatest lesions of myelin were localized), but also in the brain
      stem (where demyelinization was absent).

PMID- 953271
TI  - [Intracellular distribution of hyaluronidase in rats with acute and chronic
      hepatitis and reparative liver regeneration].
AB  - Subcellular distribution of hyaluronidase of rat liver was studied during
      spontaneous restoration during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd days, and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks of
      acute and chronic CCl4-hepatitis. Redistribution of relative specific activity of
      hyaluronidase was seen in the fractions of heavy and light mitochondria,
      microsomes and supernatant fraction, after an acute hepatic injury. Four weeks
      after the injury subcellular distribution was not yet normal. In chronic
      hepatitis the relative specific hyaluronidase activity was almost identical in
      the five subcellular fractions. In the course of restoration the relative
      specific activity was increased in the fractions of heavy and light mitochondria
      and microsomes, but decreased in the nuclear and supernatant fractions.

PMID- 953272
TI  - [Changes in the concentration of sialic acids in the intestinal tissues of
      animals immunized with live vaccine against poliomyelitis].
AB  - A single oral administration to albino mice weighing from 12 to 14 g of live
      poliomyelitis vaccine of the immunological type II was accompanied by an increase
      in the content of free sialic acids from the 5th to the 20th day and of bound
      sialic acids from the 20th to the 45th day from the beginning of the
      immunization, in the small intestine of the vaccinated animals.

PMID- 953273
TI  - [Hydroxylation of xenobiotics and steroids in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum].

PMID- 953274
TI  - [Several biochemical characteristics of rat skeletal musculature during the
      development under conditions of skeletal muscular loading and hypodynamia].
AB  - The weight and biochemistry of the skeletal muscles of rats developing under
      conditions of the action of the skeletomuscular loads (the I group), under
      conditions of hypodynamia - at the environmental temperature of 20-22 degrees C
      (the II group) and at the environmental temperature of 28-30 degrees C (the III
      group) were studied. Rats of the I group displayed an increase of the mass of the
      skeletal muscles and also an elevation of protein, glycogen, ATP, creatine
      phosphate and a decrease of lactic acid content in these muscles. Rats of the III
      group showed a considerable decrease in the content of enumerated indices both in
      comparison with indices of control animals and of rats of the I group. This
      decrease was less marked in rats of the II group.

PMID- 953275
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of ribonuclease isolated from the lliver and
      pancreas of burned and intact rats].
AB  - Alkaline RNA-ase was isolated from the pancreas and liver of intact and burnt
      rats, and purified 1400 and 2000 times accordingly. The optimum of the enzyme
      activity was achieved at pH 7.6-7.8. Normal and post-burn RNA-ase biosynthesis
      was studied using radioamino acids (C14-lysine and C14-glycine). Burnt animals
      displayed a slowed down alkaline RNA-ase biosynthesis, both in the liver and in
      the pancreas. Ribonuclease "half-life periods" of the liver of intact rats was 65
      min, whereas in that of the burnt animals it was prolonged to 100.7 min. The end
      preparation activity of the liver and pancreas alkaline RNA-ase of the intact and
      burnt animals showed no significant difference.

PMID- 953276
TI  - [Stability of physico-chemical parameters of DNA during long-term storage].
AB  - DNA was extracted from calf thymus and sturgeon milt and purified of admixtures;
      this highly polymeric DNA was studied under conditions of its prolonged storage
      (for 1 1/2-2 years) at a temperature of 0-4 degrees C in 1 M NaCl in the form of
      a precipitate under a 70% ethanol and in the lyophilized state. It appeared that
      DNA obtained from the mentioned sources could be stored for at least 1 1/2 years
      under the said conditions without any significant damage of its polymeric
      properties or secondary structure. Although DNA from sturgeon milt had the
      initial physico-chemical indices similar to those of the thymus DNA, the former
      displayed much greater stability under the same storage condition, indicating
      stability of its molecular structure.

PMID- 953277
TI  - [Effect of retabolil on renal tubular secretion].
AB  - Chronic experiments on dogs and rats showed retabolil, an anabolic steroid (given
      in a dose of 2-5 mg/kg for 7 days) to produce an increase in renal tubular
      secretion of cardiotrast. Rats displayed a simultaneous elevation in the content
      of protein and RNA in the kidney cortex. The data obtained were interpreted from
      the aspect of protein nature of carriers taking part in the renal secretory
      transport.

PMID- 953278
TI  - [Effect of striatectomy on the course of corazole seizures in rats].
AB  - Behaviouristic and EEG-manifestations of pentylentetrazol convulsions were
      studied in unrestrained rats with preliminarily destroyed striatum. The operation
      caused no significant disturbance of the appearance of the spike-wave activity,
      but sharply inhibited provocation of myoclonic and their change into tonico
      clonic convulsions. Besides, there was an increase in the threshold, the duration
      and the severity of the attack; an epileptic status was even observed in 50% of
      these rats. Striatectomy eliminated the action of catecholaminergic agents
      (apomorphine, DOPA, haloperidol, chlorpromazine) on the thresholds of myclonic
      jerks and the attack.

PMID- 953279
TI  - [Mechanism of action of nonachlazin on nervous regulation of coronary
      circulation].
AB  - In experiments on cats and dogs under general anesthesia nonachlazine, a new
      antianginal agent, depressed the reflex decrease of the blood flow to the
      coronary arteries (electromagnetic recording). Nonachlazine also depressed the
      reflex decrease of the blood flow in the system of common carotic artery, and the
      pressure vasomotor reflexes. During recording the tonic and reflex activity in
      the heart sympathetic nerves nonachlazine proved to selectively inhibit the
      vasoconstrictor impulses from Adelta-afferent fibers of the spinal nerves, that
      is it influenced the vasomotor component of the "primary" pain reaction. This
      mechanism could underlie the block by nonachlazine of the pain syndrome during
      the heart ischemia disease.

PMID- 953280
TI  - [Effect of parmidine (pyridinolcarbamate) on thrombocyte aggregation, blood
      clotting and fibrinolysis].

PMID- 953281
TI  - [Isolation and immunochemical analysis of the breakdown products of gammaG
      globulin contained in the serum of partially hepatectomized rabbits].
AB  - As demonstrated by immunochemical methods, the serum of partially hepatectomized
      rabbits contained a Fab-like fragment of IgG. This fragment was isolated by
      fractionation of the serum on CM-cellulose following affinity chromatography on
      Sepharose coated with antibodies against rabbit IgG. The sedimentation constant
      of the Fab-like fragment was 5.2 S; complete antigenic identity to pepsin F
      (ab')2 fragment was thus demonstrated. No Fab-like fragment was shown in the
      serum of sham-operated animals, or in the serum of partially hepatectomized
      rabbits injected with protease inhibitor Trasilol before and after the operation.
      It was concluded that Fab-like fragment found in the partially hepatectomized
      rabbits appeared as a result of splitting the autologous IgG with protease(s)
      from cells of the liver injured during the operation.

PMID- 953282
TI  - [Several properties of low-molecular weight tetanus antitoxin].
AB  - Following intravenous injection of tetanus antitoxin, obtained by tryptic
      digestion of the horse immunoglobulin "Diaferm-3", purification and concentration
      of active fragments, the antitoxin was eliminated from the rabbit organism three
      times more rapidly than after the injection of the original "Diaferm-3"
      antitoxin. After injection of the split antitoxin its urinary excretion lasted up
      to 6 days, whereas following injection of the "Diaferm-3" antitoxin it was
      excreted for up to 19 days; in the first case considerably less antitoxin was
      excreted than in the second one (2 and 3.5%, respectively). In both cases in the
      antitoxin excreted with urine represented monovalent. Fab'-fragments, producing a
      delay in precipitation in the cross reaction in agar gel between the tetanus
      toxoid and the tetanus antiserum. Fab'-fragment obtained by the mentioned method
      possessed anaphylactogenic properties.

PMID- 953283
TI  - [Brucellosis protective antigen, its chemical and immunobiological
      characteristics].
AB  - The data on brucella nontoxic protective antigen without any sensitizing
      properties isolated from the cell wall of brucella are presented. The antigen had
      a marked protective effect against the experimental infection for 3-4 months
      after a single immunization of guinea pigs.Molecular heterogeneity of the
      antigen, which is mainly a protein-polysaccharide complex, is given. High- and
      low-molecular fractions detected by gel filtration technique differed according
      to the chemical and immunobiological characteristics. The high-molecular fraction
      of the antigen was found to be highly immunogenic and serologically active.

PMID- 953284
TI  - [Role of macrophages in the mechanism of specific entrapment of sensitized
      lymphocytes in lymph nodes containing antigen].
AB  - A study was made of the participation of macrophages in the phenomenon of
      specific trapping of lymphocytes activated with the antigen in the lymph nodes
      containing the same antigen. Administration of peritoneal macrophages which
      phagocytized in vitro sheep erythrocytes (as well as of erythrocytes alone) led
      to specific trapping of lymphocytes in the regional lymph nodes. Preliminary
      treatment of macrophages loaded with the antigen with antierythrocytic serum
      decreased the lymphocyte trapping. A supposition was put forward that lymphocytes
      with receptors on their surface were bound on the macrophage membrane into which
      the antigen molecules were incorporated.

PMID- 953285
TI  - [State of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system of rabbits following
      anaphylactic shock].
AB  - The hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system of rabbits was investigated 1,
      3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the anaphylactic shock. It was found morphometrically
      that dimensions of the nucleoli of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
      gradually increased as compared with the moment of anaphylactic shock, but did
      not reach the control level. Restoration of the size of the nucleoli of the
      supraoptic nucleus was slower than of the paraventricular one. The quantity of
      the neurosecretory substance in all the system is significantly higher than in
      the control up to the end of the observation period (21 days). Thus, the
      intensity of the processes of synthesis and secretion of the neurohormones in the
      hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system was decreased for 21 days of the
      post-shock period.

PMID- 953286
TI  - [Stimulation of humoral immunity to surface antigens of leukemia cells using
      interferon-containing sera].
AB  - C57BL/6 mice were immunized once with leukemic cells L 1210; (CBAXC57BL/6) F1
      mice were immunized once with leukemic cells L 1210 and P-388. These animals were
      injected intraperitoneally for 8 days (including the day of immunization) with
      0.4 ml each of allogeneic or syngeneic interferon-containing serum; as to control
      animals, they received the same amount of normal serum from the intact mice. The
      interferon-containing serum was obtained from the (CBAXC57BL/6) F1 mice 24 hours
      after the intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg of tilorone hydrochloride. Some of
      the samples of the interferon-containing serum were subjected to the 48-hour
      dialysis against the physiological saline. The interferon titer in the serum was
      512-1500 units/ml. The sera from mice were tested in the microcytotoxic test
      against leukemic cells 9-10 days after the immunization. A distinct stimulation
      of the cytotoxic activity of the sera from mice given the interferon-containing
      serum was observed. Syngeneic interferon-containing serum caused a more marked
      immunity-stimulating effect than allogeneic serum.

PMID- 953287
TI  - [Completeness of skin regeneration].
AB  - Healing of the wound involving full thickness of the skin was investigated in
      carnivorous mammals (cats, foxes, polar foxes). Square wounds (2.2 cm2) were
      inflicted on the back and the head of cats and onthe thigh of foxes and polar
      foxes. In all the animals investigated the wounds closed chiefly by contracture
      of their margins. A small regenerate was formed in the centre of the wounds; its
      structure was almost the same as that of the intact skin: there were hair and
      sebaceous glands. Connective tissue skeleton of the regenerate resembled the
      derma by the fiber distribution.

PMID- 953288
TI  - [Extracorporeal fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes].
AB  - A method of extracorporeal cultivation and fertilization of human oocytes is
      described. A special method of selection of active spermatozoa was used. The
      zygote formed 24-36 hours after the fertilization of oocytes; cleavage of two
      blastomeres occurred in 36-40 hours. Formation of the four-cell stage embryos was
      observed in 48 hours. The number of blastomeres reached eight in 60-64 hours and
      the morula formed in 100-120 hours. The results obtained in this work open
      opportunities for wide study of physiology and pathology of early human embryonic
      development.

PMID- 953289
TI  - [Cytologic analysis of the secretory epithelium of submaxillary salivary glands
      hypertrophied by repeated amputation of the lower incisors in rats].
AB  - Repeated amputation of the lower incisor in August line rats induced hypertrophy
      of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. This was true hypertrophy
      accompanied by hypertrophy of the structural units (acini, cells, nuclei). Cell
      hypertrophy depended on the hypertrophy of the organellae and the accumulation of
      secretory materials in the cells. Hypertrophy of the nuclei of acinar cells was
      conditioned by polyploidisation. Polyploidisation and the changes in the cell
      ulctrastructure in the submandibular salivary glands pointed to the increase in
      the functional activity of the organ.

PMID- 953290
TI  - [Changes in the ultrastructure of human epidermis as a result of freezing].
AB  - Freezing at -35 degrees C and -70 degrees C of unfixed human epidermis brings
      about an electron microscopic increase of intercellular spaces, a destruction of
      cellular membranes, homogenization of tonofibrils, and a decrease in the volume
      of mitochondria with a partial destruction of their inner surface. Nuclear
      changes are characterized by disruption of nuclear membranes and by massive
      passage of nucleoproteids into the cytoplasm. Destruction and fragmentation of
      cytolemma and nuclear membranes is accompanied by formation of myelin-like
      figures. Freezing at -70 degrees C leads to greater changes in the structure of
      the epidermis cells, and is accompanied by the appearance of vacuoles of
      different sizes and shape in the horny scales and in the cytoplasm of some
      epidermal cells. This is probably due to formation of ice crystals.

PMID- 953291
TI  - [Response of cerebral vessels to noradrenaline under hypocapnic conditions and
      inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis].
AB  - Acute experiments were conducted on cats; vasoconstrictor action of noradrenaline
      on the cerebral vessels and arterial pressure were considerably depressed under
      conditions of hypocapnia. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis with
      indomethacin against the background of continuing hypocapnia promoted marked
      elevation of cerebrovascular resistance and of arterial pressure in response to
      intracarotid noradrenaline injection. A hypothetical scheme of prostaglandin
      participation in the regulation of the tone of the cerebral vessels in hypocapnia
      and adrenergic actions is presented.

PMID- 953292
TI  - [Microcirculatory and vascular permeability disorders during short-term
      immobilization stress].
AB  - Immobilization of rats for 1 or 3 hours increased the vascular permeability for
      colloid carbon particles and led to disturbances of the microcirculation in
      microvessels (formation of aggregates, appearance of "plasmatic vessels", opening
      of arteriolo-venular shunts). A prominent role of histamine, released from mast
      cells without any degranulation of the cells, in the pathogenesis of these
      disturbances was shown. It is supposed that the histamine release served as the
      trigger mechanism in the development of vascular permeability disturbances in the
      course of prolonged immobilization stress.

PMID- 953293
TI  - E1Age and the development of coronary insufficiency under the influence of
      vasopressin.
AB  - Experimental results showed that the ECG changes (elevation of T wave, a shift of
      the S-T segment and disturbances of the atrio-ventricular conduction) under the
      effect of vasopressin occurred in rats aged 24-26 months after lower doses of
      vasopressin than in the animals aged 10-12 months. With the administration of the
      same doses coronary insufficiency was more pronounced in the old animals (more
      frequent disturbances of the atrio-ventricular conduction, grade II or III, and
      greater derangement of general hemodynamics).

PMID- 953294
TI  - [Artificial pulmonary ventilation in diaphragmatic paralysis].

PMID- 953295
TI  - [Experimental pain and pruritic syndromes of thalamic origin].
AB  - Pain and itch syndromes of thalamic origin were experimentally induced in rats by
      creation of generators of pathologically increased excitation in the gelatinose
      thalamic nucleus by local disturbance of the gelatinose thalamic nucleus by local
      distrubance of the inhibitory mechanisms in this nucleus with the aid of tetanus
      toxin. The latter was injected into the mentioned nucleus in the microvolumes
      using sterotaxis technique. The results of investigations agree with the concept
      of generator mechanisms of the neuropathological syndromes and the role of
      hyperactive determinant dispatch stations in the central nervous system activity.

PMID- 953296
TI  - [State of the thyroid gland under hypokinetic conditions in rats preliminarily
      adapted to hypoxia].
AB  - A 50-day hypokinesia caused in rats a sharp depression of the functional
      activity; an 80-day adaptation to hypoxia led to a moderate thyroid gland
      hypofunction without any pathological changes in the thyroid parenchyma.
      Adaptation to hypoxia beginning one month before hypokinesia produced a
      prophylactic effect decreasing the pathohistological influence of hypokinesia on
      the thyroid gland function.

PMID- 953297
TI  - [Increased thymidine excretion under the influence of polyanions].
AB  - During the first 24 hours following injection of polyanions (dextran sulphate in
      a dose of 62.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight; poly I. poly C in a dose of 2.5 mg per
      1 kg of body weight) to rats and mongrel albino mice an increased urinary
      excretion of thymidine was revealed which occurred after their exposure to high X
      ray doses. An increase in urinary excretion of thymidine is assumed to be due to
      migration of lymphocytes to the blood channel.

PMID- 953298
TI  - [Heart lesions in mice with experimental infection caused by Coxsackie virus
      A13].
AB  - The results of pathomorphological and virological studies of experimental
      Coxsackie A 13 virus infection in BALB/C mice are described. Chronic myocarditis,
      endocarditis and valvulitis were observed in mice inoculated 10 to 12 hours after
      birth. The virus was revealed in the infected mice for 15-20 days only.

PMID- 953299
TI  - [Collagen metabolism in the skin with different vitamin K regimens].
AB  - Secondary vitamin K deficiency in rats caused by pelentan was accompanied by a
      decrease in the total collagen content and a rise in free oxyproline in the skin.
      Under these conditions the rate of collagen hydrolysis proved to increase.
      Vitamin K (vikasol) prevented development of the mentioned shifts in collagen
      metabolism.

PMID- 953300
TI  - [Effect of total gamma-irradiation on the rate of steroid hormone hydroxylation
      by rat liver microsomes].
AB  - gamma-irradiation in doses of over 600 r proved to decrease the rate of androgen
      hydroxylation significantly; the rate of hydroxylation of the estrogens under
      study altered but little. Under the mentioned irradiation conditions the content
      of cytochrome P-450 in rat hepatic microsomes diminished. A reduction of the
      hydroxylation rate of steroid hormones by rat hepatic microsomes under the effect
      of total gamma-irradiation apparently depended on the qualitative changes of
      cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 953301
TI  - [Dynamics of cardiac and skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity following
      a single exposure to an alternating magnetic field].
AB  - A rise in LDH activity and a change of the enzyme distribution in the
      cytostructures of the heart and skeletal muscles of albino rats was revealed
      during the first 48 hours after a single twenty-four-hour action of an A. C.
      magnetic field (200 e, 50 cps). A displacement of the enzyma ratio in the
      direction of M-type was noted. Complete normalization occurred in the 3rd or 4th
      week only.

PMID- 953302
TI  - [Structural derangements in deoxyribonucleoprotein complex damaged by N-nitroso-N
      methylurea].
AB  - The effect of deoxyribonucleoproteid (DNP) solubilization under conditions of the
      ionic strength of the medium approaching the physiological one depended greatly
      after the treatment with a mutagen - N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) on the NMU
      concentration. Apparently, for the change of DNA into a soluble state the
      critical number of groups in the DNA and protein should be modified. On the basis
      of the data obtained by circular dichroism and viscosimetry a conclusion was
      drawn that after the NMU treatment the DNP complex became soluble in the solvents
      with the ionic strength approaching the physiological one, chiefly as the result
      of labilization and dissociation of DNA-protein bonds.

PMID- 953303
TI  - [Effect of the protease inhibitor--contrical--on granulation tissue metabolism].
AB  - Studies of the influence of contrycal on metabolism of rat granulation tissue
      showed that this protease inhibitor stimulated C14-glycine incorporation into
      collagen proteins and caused reorganization of the isoenzyme LDH spectrum; at the
      same time there was a delay in the maturation of the granulation tissue with its
      marked growth.

PMID- 953304
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on the lysosomal membranes of eye tissues].
AB  - It was demonstrated that both in vitro and in intravenous injection of
      prostaglandin F2alpha there occurred labilization of the membranes of sclera and
      ciliary body lysosomes, in difference from the cornea in rabbits. Glycosidase
      activity appeared in the vitreous body under the effect of prostaglandin, which
      was absent under normal conditions.

PMID- 953305
TI  - [Effect of dexamethasone on RNA synthesis in blood lymphocytes stimulated by
      phytohemagglutinin].
AB  - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated RNA synthesis 6 hours after the beginning of
      incubation of blood lymphocytes in vitro. Dexamethazone in a concentration of 60
      mug/ml depressed the RNA synthesis in the blood lymphocytes of donors, treated
      with PHA, 6 hours after the beginning of cell incubation with the hormone and PHA
      in vitro. Changes in the action mechanism of the hormone which can lead to the
      change of sensitivity to glucocorticoids of the same cells at various stages of
      the cell cycle are analyzed.

PMID- 953306
TI  - ["Molecular organization" of the vagus nerves and cardiac muscle in different
      functional states].
AB  - On the example of the system vagus nerves - the myocardium of rabbits the author
      considers structural changes in the molecular substrate connected with electrical
      stimulation of one of the nerves varying by strength. Mitogenetic radiation of
      the nerve in experiments in situ permitted to assess the increase (or decrease)
      of the unbalanced structural conditions - molecular constellations. In
      subthreshold stimulation the quantity of unbalanced constellations proved to
      increase. Physiological significance of this phenomenon is discussed.

PMID- 953307
TI  - [Effect of narcotic analgesics on impulse conduction along the afferent pathways
      of visceral nerves].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on chloralose-anesthetized cats. The action of
      morphine and promedol upon the potentials of the cortical and subcortical
      structures occurring after the visceral nerve stimulation was studied. Morphine
      proved to depress the potentials evoked by stimulation of the inferior cardiac
      and vagus nerves, in the specific, associative and nonspecific structures of the
      brain; promedol produced an analogous effect. Morphine also inhibited the
      potentials occurring after the stimulation of the splanchnic nerve in the
      associative and nonspecific structures; depression of the responses in the
      specific pathways was less pronounced.

PMID- 953308
TI  - [Enhancement of the immune response following immunization with L1210 cells
      preliminarily incubated with interferon].
AB  - A single intraperitioneal injection of L 1210 cells preincubated in interferon or
      in "false interferon" was given to mice. These mice were sacrificed on the 10th
      day, and cytotoxicity of the sera against the L 1210 leukemic cells vas
      determined in the microcytotoxic test (modification of Terasaki's method).
      Leukemic cells treated with interferon before the immunization caused a more
      pronounced immune response in comparison with the cells treated under the same
      conditions with "false interferon". By the results of cytotoxic reaction immune
      response was enhanced 2-4-fold.

PMID- 953309
TI  - [Determining hypersensitivity to antigens by computing cells migrating from
      capillary tubes].
AB  - The test technique of inhibition of leukocyte and macrophage migration from the
      capillaries in the presence of a specific antigen is described. The method is
      highly sensitive and permitted to use a small amount of cells and many (up to 600
      and more) capillaries. Sodium azide, phitohemagglutinin and incubation at 4
      degrees C inhibited the cell migration from the capillaries. Dead cells did not
      pass from the capillaries into the medium. Tuberculin and BCG vaccine inhibited
      the migration of macrophages of guinea pigs immunized with BCG, but not with
      staphylococcus allergen.

PMID- 953310
TI  - [Antituberculosis immunity in adult thymectomized mice].
AB  - Thymectomy performed in adult animals 6 months and more before the inoculation of
      mycobacteria H37Rv reduced the resistance to tuberculosis infection considerably.
      This reduction was the greater, the more time passed after the operation. There
      also developed immunity disturbances mainly connected with the damage of the
      thymus-dependent cells (depletion of thymus-dependent zones, reduction of
      tuberculin sensitivity of the skin and of the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes on
      antigen-containing target cells).

PMID- 953311
TI  - [Immunochemical identification of a new embryonal antigen in ovarian tumor
      tissue].
AB  - A new embryonic antigen was found in the ovarian tumour tissues by
      immunodiffusion methods. This antigen consists of two components with a different
      electrophoretic mobility: a low peak migrates in the alha0-globulin zone, and a
      rapid one - in the prealbumin zone; it differs immunologically from alpha
      fetoprot ein and cancer embrynoic antigen of the large intestine. This antigen
      was found in the fetus and newborn blood serum and also in the tissue extracts of
      ovarian tumours. No such antigen was revealed in the normal tissues of adults, or
      in the blood serum of donors and oncological patients.

PMID- 953312
TI  - [Concentration of adenylic nucleotides and respiratory phosphorylation in the
      mitochondria of rats with transplanted tumors].
AB  - A study was made of adenylic mononucleotides, the process of oxydative
      phosphorylation and ATP-ase activity of hepatic mitochondria of rats with
      transplantable sarcoma 45 and Walker carcinosarcoma at various stages of tumour
      growtli. A reduction of the ATP levels observed in the hepatic mitochondria of
      tumour-bearing rats was caused, on the one hand, by suppression of its formation
      as a result of a partial uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation, and on the
      other hand - by intensification of its decomposition as a result of increased ATP
      ase activity.

PMID- 953313
TI  - [Myocardial cell ultrastructure of yaks dwelling at high altitudes].
AB  - The ultrastructure of myocardial cells of the left, right ventricle, and the
      ventricular septum was studied in the Altai and Pamir Yaks permanently living at
      the altitude of 3000-3600 m. Electron microscopic studies of myocardial cells
      revealed, along with the normal mitochondria, the ones with a peculiar structure
      of the cristae; these had the appearance of polyhedral wavy membranes in some
      groups of the mitochondria, and of polyhedral netted structures - in the others.
      Considerable accumulations of glycogen granules were found beneath the
      sarcolemma, in the perinuclear cytoplasmic zone and between the myofibrils. The
      results suggest that by undulating and creating a certain structural regularity
      the mitochondrial cristae increased their active area ensuring the efficacy of
      the mitochondrial function. Considerable accumulation of glycogen granules in the
      majority of myocardial cells seems to maintain the energy potential of the
      myocardium preventing the development of hypoxia.

PMID- 953314
TI  - [Seasonal changes in several ultrastructural indices of lake frog heart ventricle
      myocytes].
AB  - The method of electron microscopy with morphometric analysis was applied to the
      study of some ultrastructural indices of frog heart (ventricle) myocardium - the
      interlocated discs, the lateral junctions and mitochondria - in spring and in
      autumn. The results obtained pointed to seasonal differences in the cardiomyocyte
      ultrastructure, this being confirmed by the quantitative analysis.

PMID- 953315
TI  - [Human oogenesis in organ culture].
AB  - The authors compared the extent of development of the germ cells of the human
      fetus ovaries developing in the organ culture and of control ovaries obtained of
      fetuses of "equivalent" age. The capacity to enter the meiosis prophase under
      conditions of the organ culture was expressed by the germ cells of fetuses of 8-9
      week of gestation, and older; only individual oocytes reached the leptotene stage
      in the explants of the ovaries of 7-8 week fetuses. The oocytes at the leptotene,
      zygotene and pachitene stage appeared in the culture at the same periods as in
      the organism. However, the percentage of cells of these stages in the explant was
      as a rule lower than in control ovaries. In case of pulse administration of
      thymidine-3H into the culture labeled oocytes at the zygotene stage appeared in
      4, and at the pachitene stage - in 14 days.

PMID- 953316
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of mitoses and number of cells synthesizing DNA following
      adrenalectomy in mice].
AB  - The diurnal changes in the number of mitoses and DNA-synthesizing cells were
      studied in intact and adrenalectomized mice. In the corneal epithelium of
      adrenalectomized mice the diurnal rhythm of DNA-synthesizing cells became
      biphasic, and the variation amplitude of the 24-hour mitotic activity was sharply
      intensified. In the liver the diurnal rhythm of DNA-synthesizing cells was
      similar in the intact and the operated on mice; as to the mitotic rhythm - it
      became biphasic in the operated on animals. Thus, adrenalectomy deranged the
      phasic structure of the mitotic and DNA-synthesizing rhythms in the tissues under
      study and led to dissociation in the entrance of cells into the DNA-synthesis and
      mitosis.

PMID- 953317
TI  - [Skin regeneration in several species of mammals].
AB  - The healing of full-thickness wounds (1.2 cm2) was studied in minks and sables.
      The wound closure in both animal species resulted mainly from the contraction of
      the wound. A small regenerate containing hair and sebaceous glands was formed in
      the centre of the wound. It is supposed that these hairs developed from the old
      hair roots transfered with the lower layers of the corium adjoining the wound.

PMID- 953318
TI  - [Mechanism of the damaging effect of chloridine on white rat embryos].
AB  - A study was made of the dynamics of pathohistological changes occurring in the
      embryos of albino rats under conditions of a single action of teratogenic doses
      of daraprim of the 9th day of pregnancy. Decidual tissue proved to be the most
      sensitive to daraprim the first disturbances in this tissue were noted to soon as
      one hour after the injection. Cells of various embryonic tissues reacted to
      daraprim differently. Most pronounced cytotoxic effect of daraprim is seen on the
      embryonic mesoderm and on the extraembryonic ectoderm. A conclusion was drawn on
      a significant role played by hemodynamic changes associated with disturbances of
      decidual tissue in the mechanism of the pathogenic action of some chemical
      teratogens on mammalian embryos.

PMID- 953319
TI  - [Adrenergic terminal structures in mamalian mesentery].
AB  - The work is devoted to the study of adrenergic terminal structures in the
      mesentery of mammals by fluorescent microscopy of catecholamines. The system of
      adrenergic innervation of the mesentery proved to be based on well-developed
      perivascular plexuses. In many points of these plexuses individual adrenergic
      fibers penetrated the avascular mesenteric areas, where they formed preterminal
      and terminal portions as a result of repeated dichotomic divisions. These
      innervating structures built by the principle of widespread or restricted
      arborizations displayed morphological similarity to free sensory nerve endings.
      In this connection a possibility of distinction of the sensory (afferent) links
      in the catecholamine-containing vegetative nerve plexuses is discussed.

PMID- 953320
TI  - [Microspectrophotometric study of DNA concentration in the nuclei of muscle cells
      in the peri-infarct zone of the rabbit heart].
AB  - A comparative microspectrophotometric study of the nuclear DNA content in the
      myocardial cells of the periinfarction region of the left ventricle was made in
      rabbit hearts during different periods of experimental ischemia. A moderate
      increase of both the polyploid and amitotically divided nuclei were revealed.
      This results are discussed from the aspect of possible participation of nuclear
      polyploidia and mitotic division in the mechanisms of intracellular regeneration
      of the myocardium.

PMID- 953321
TI  - [Interstitial cells of the renal medulla in rats with genetic spontaneous
      hypertension].
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of interstitial cells (IC) of the renal medulla
      inspontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were carried out. Morphometric analysis
      revealed no differences in the total volume of the lipid granules of IC in the 1
      1/2-month-old SHR and control Wistar rats; one-year-old SHR showed an increased
      volume of granules, IC of SHR displayed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of both the
      rough and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, especially
      marked at the early stage of hypertension. Apparently the state of
      ultrastructures of the synthesis and secretion should be accepted as a criterion
      for the assessment of the IC function, at least in arterial hypertension, but not
      the degree of decreased lipid granularity as supposed formerly.

PMID- 953322
TI  - [Electron-cytochemical study of cerebral mitochondria at different periods after
      death].
AB  - 3'3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) oxidation was studied in the human and rat brain by
      electron cytochemistry at different periods after death. The product of DAB
      oxidation localized in mitochondria, lipofucsin pigment granules and
      erythrocytes. DAB oxidation by rat and human brain mitochondria proved to
      decrease but slightly even two days after death.

PMID- 953323
TI  - [Hydroxyurea synchronization of cellular proliferation in the esophageal
      epithelium of mice with tumors].
AB  - The synchronizing effect of hydroxyurea on the passage of the esophagus epithelia
      cells through the stage of the DNA synthesis and mitosis was investigated in
      albino mice bearing sarcoma. Dinrnal variations in the number of epithelial cells
      at these stages of the mitotic cycle were taken into consideration. Two mutually
      complementary indices for the measurement of the shifts in the cell population
      and the rate of the synchronization are used. Two cell groups which passed the S
      phase and mitosis synchronously were found in artificial synchronization in the
      esophageal epithelium. The synchronization indices characterizing the first group
      were lower than control. In the second group the cell count during the DNA
      synthesis was double as compared with the number of cells synthesizing DNA in
      natural synchronization; however, the rate of the changes in the synchronism was
      the same in the experimental and control groups.

PMID- 953324
TI  - [Transidaphragmatic means of exteriorizing conductors from monitors implanted in
      dog hearts].

PMID- 953325
TI  - [Several methodologic features of prolonged human lymphocyte storage].
AB  - When using in the lymphocytotoxic reaction lymphocytes stored in frozen condition
      the proportion of perished cells after thawing should not exceed 10-20%.
      Therefore, a study was made of the influence of various concentrations of
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), composition of the medium and of other parameters for
      the purpose of elaboration of the optimal conditions of freezing human
      lymphocytes. The best results were obtained in freezing cells in the autologous
      serum with 12.5% DMSO. However sufficiently favourable results were also seen in
      using AB serum and 20% bovine serum in Eagle's medium.

PMID- 953326
TI  - [Serotonin concentration in the hypothalamus following alteration of pituitary
      thyrotropic function].
AB  - The hypothalamic serotonin content in the altered pituitary thyrotropic function
      was determined in mature male rabbits by the fluorescent method. No distinct
      correlation was found between the intensity of the pituitary thyrotropic function
      and serotonin level in the hypothalamus. Intensification of the hypophysial
      thyrotropic function under the effect of 6-methylthiouracil or partial
      thyroidectomy was accompanied by a rise in serotonin concentration, while in
      aseptic inflammation in the thyroid gland, or in combination of the upper
      cervical sympathetic ganglia ablation with chlorpromazine administration this
      adenohypophysial function proved to increase without any significant shifts in
      the hypothalamic serotonin level. The mentioned findings suggest that the role of
      serotonin in the hypothalamic regulation of the hypophysial thyrotropic function
      could not be considered as determining.

PMID- 953327
TI  - [The role of adrenocortical response to physical stress on the body's work
      capacity].
AB  - Adrenocortical reaction to muscular exertion was inhibited by the intramuscular
      injection of 125mg of dexamethasone for 2 days of every week of the training. The
      maximal swimming time in the water (33--34 degrees C) with an additional load of
      3 per cent of body weight failed to increase after 5 weeks of training in the
      animals to which dexamethasome was infected. In these animals the blood
      corticosterone level increased less after the maximal swimming test than in rats
      trained without any dexamethasone administration.

PMID- 953328
TI  - [Role of the splanchnic nerves in regulating maximal glucose transport in the
      kidneys].
AB  - Glomerular filtration in the kidney decreases at side of the splanchnic nerve
      stimulation; as to the maximal glucose reabsorption -- it remains unchanged.
      After demedullation of the adrenal glands stimulation of the splanchnic nerve
      increases the filtration in the contralateral kidney, without altering the
      maximal glucose transport. Adrenergic fibers of the splanchnic nerve produce no
      direct action on the maximal glucose transport in the kidneys.

PMID- 953329
TI  - [Potentiation and restitution of the myocardial contractility of rats adapted to
      physical stress].
AB  - Initial contractile amplitude of the myocardial strips determined the inotropic
      response to paired stimulation. The higher the initial amplitude -- the lesser
      the degree of potentiation and the greater the degree of contraction restitution.
      At equal amplitudes the myocardial strips taken from rats adapted to exercise
      showed a greater degree of potentiation and a lesser degree of restitution as
      compared to control. These changes appear to be due to the changes in the ionic
      transport in the myocardial cells.

PMID- 953330
TI  - [Influence of salivary kallikreins on microvessels of the hamster cheek pouch and
      rat mesentery].
AB  - By means of in vivo microscopy the influence of human, rat, and hamster purified
      salivary kallikreins upon the microvessels was studied in rat mesentery and
      hamster cheek pouch. Dilatation of arterioles, a decrease of the venule diameter,
      and an increase in the number of active capillaries was revealed. The species and
      organ peculiarities of these effects were described. The mesentery and the cheek
      pouch homogenates, albumin proteins, histamine and some amino acids were capable
      of activating the salivary kallikreins.

PMID- 953331
TI  - [Adrenal cortical function in rats with traumatic shock following removal and
      deafferentation of the hypothalamus].
AB  - The 11-oxycorticosteroid (11-OCS) content was studied in the blood plasma of sham
      operated rats, rats with intact, ablated and deafferentated medial-basal
      hypothalamus (MBH) in traumatic shock. There were no reliable differences in the
      11-OCS basal level in various groups of rats. MBH ablation led to the reduction
      in the weight of adrenal and pituitary glands and MBH deafferentation -- to
      increase in the weight of the former. The 11-OCS level was reliably higher in
      traumatic shock of rats with complete MBH deafferentation than in sham-operated
      animals.

PMID- 953332
TI  - [Pathogenesis of the low cardiac output syndrome in postreanimation states].
AB  - Functional reserves of the cardiovascular system during sharp depression of the
      cardiac output  in the postreanimation period after 15-minute cardiac arrest were
      studied in experiments on dogs (by loading with different fluid volumes). Acute
      hypervolemia did not produce any circulatory decompensation. Reinforcement of
      venous return and changes in the peripheral circulation due to polyglucine
      loading augmented the CVP temporarily, and produced a stable increase of the AP,
      of the cardiac output, systolic volume, the work of the left cardiac ventricle
      and of the total oxygen consumption by the organism. Meanwhile there was a
      decrease of the peripheral vascular resistance. In model experiments on dogs,
      which sustained 20-minute isolated compression ischemia the syndrome of low
      cardiac output developed too. This indicated the relation of this phenomenon to
      the disorders in the neuro-humoral regulation of blood circulation.

PMID- 953333
TI  - [Toxic and hemolytic properties of serum in the massive transfusion syndrome].
AB  - Toxic and hemolytic properties of the sera of dogs which received massive
      homologus blood transfusions were studied in experiments on 20 dogs and 432 mice.
      The toxicity of the recipient's sera was evaluated in vivo on mice with blocked
      reticulo-endothelial system and by the method of hemocultures. Red cells labeled
      with radioactive chromium were used to study the hemolytic activity.
      Investigations carried out demonstrated the acute blood loss wilth the subsequent
      massive transfusion of the homologous blood to result in the production in the
      recipient's serum of toxigenic products. These toxigenic properties were
      determined by two biotesting methods. The maximal toxigenic action was noted in 2
      hours and in the course of the 1st day after the substitution. No toxic effect of
      the sera was found on the 17th day. A parallel study of hemolytic properties of
      the sera revealed a marked increase of its activity; it was the greatest during
      the first 24 hours. In three days the hemolytic properties of the serum were no
      different from the initial one.

PMID- 953334
TI  - [Changes in mesenteric microcirculation in rats following repeated skin burns].
AB  - Acute experiments were conducted on rats; repeated extensive burn of a
      convalescent who formerly sustained the burn disease was better tolerated, led
      tono fatal outcome and was accompanied by moderate microcirculatory disturbances.
      The smae burn was accompanied in intact rats by a severe shock followed by death,
      intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes and significant microcirculatory
      disturbances leading to disturbance of tissue nutrition. It is supposed that the
      results obtained could serve as an indirect proof that toxemia played an
      important role in the genesis of intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes in
      burn shock.

PMID- 953335
TI  - [Mechanism of action of benzene on hematopoiesis (a study of hematopoietic stem
      cells)].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of benzol on the colony-forming activity in the
      spleen and the bone marrow of mice in 4 different experimental variants. In
      benzol hypoplasia of hemopoiesis there was a decrease in the number of the CFU in
      the hemopoietic organs without any changes in the distribution of their cell
      types. Incubation of the cells of normal mouse bone marrow with benzol did not
      induce any decrease of the colony-forming efficiency. Administration of benzol to
      the lethally irradiated mice after the transplantation of normal bone marrow
      suspension led to a sharp decrease in the number of CFU with a preponderant
      depression of the granulocytic colony formation. These data afford to suppose the
      change in the properties of microenvironment of the hemopoietic stem cells in
      experimental benzol poisoning.

PMID- 953336
TI  - [Effect of contrical on the activity of dehydrogenases and their isoenzymes in
      the muscles and organs of animals with developing granulation tissue].
AB  - Studies of the influence of contrycal on condition of the enzyme systems of the
      muscles, liver, kidneys and heart of rats with developing granulation tissue
      showed contrycal, a protease inhibitor, to have a stimulating effect on the LDH
      and MDH activity and on their isozyme spectrum. The effect of the inhibitor was
      expressed in the changes occurring in the state of the enzyme system, both at the
      site of damage (granulations and the underlying tissue) and in a number of
      internal organs -- the liver and kidneys.

PMID- 953337
TI  - [Effect of training for increased physical loads on the concentration and
      biosynthesis of ubiquinones in rat skeletal muscle].
AB  - Rats were subjected to a strenuous program of treadmill running for 2.5--3
      months. Ubiquinone content was determined in the skeletal muscles and the muscle
      mitochondria; at the same time incorporation of labeled acetate-1-14C precursor
      into ubiquinone and sterols by thin muscle slices was studied. Ubiquinone and
      mitochondrial protein content increased in the muscles of trained rats.
      Incorporation of 14C into ubiquinone of trained rats increased; as to sterols,
      their incorporation remained unchanged.

PMID- 953338
TI  - [Influence of dexamethasone on RNA synthesis in human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes].
AB  - Biphasic character of dexamethasone action on the lymphoid tissue is observed in
      the tissue culture of partially purified peripheral blood lymphocytes.
      Stimulation of the RNA synthesis occurred after 6-hour incubation of lymphocytes
      with the hormone. Sedimentation analysis of labeled RNA, fractionated in a column
      containing poly-U sepharose pointed to increase in the quantity of the messenger
      RNA and enrichment of the cytoplasmic RNA with poly-A sequences. At the same time
      the Mn++-dependable RNA polymerase sensitive to alpha-amanitin was activated.
      Inhibition of the RNA synthesis is observed after 24-hour cultivation of
      lymphocytes with the hormone. Biphasic effect of the steroid is also seen in the
      reaction of rosetteformation.

PMID- 953339
TI  - [Effect of bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on the activity of several energy
      metabolism enzymes in the liver].
AB  - Bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy resulted in a significant decrease of
      hexokinase, glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphoric and 6 phospho-gluconic
      dehydrogenases, and lactic dehydrogenase activity in the soluble fraction of rat
      liver. Blood sugar remained unchanged at all the postoperative periods. It is
      suggested that the above-mentioned alterations in the enzyme activity were caused
      by the absence of parasympathetic impulses to hepatocytes.

PMID- 953340
TI  - [Effect of a lysosome triton WR 1339 load on distribution of C14-albumin in the
      livers of rats with chronic hepatitis].
AB  - A possible mechanism of the protective effect of Triton WR1339 during chronic
      CC14-hepatitis was considered. Supposing that the improvement of the process was
      due to the intensification of the lysosome heterophage function the authors
      studied the intensity of the C14-albumin uptake by the liver and its subcellular
      distribution in the liver of rats in the administration of the detergent to the
      animals with chronic CCI4-hepatitis, Preliminary administration of the detergent
      failed to influence the intensity of C14-albumin uptake; subsequent
      administration of triton WR1339 to rats with toxic hepatitis decrease the protein
      uptake which reached the values in intact rats. In chronic hepatitis C14-albumin
      was concentrated in the lysosome fraction. Administration of trition WR1339 to
      CCI4-treated animals was not accompanied by any coincidence in the peaks of
      labeled protein and lysosome enzymes. The selective participation of lysosomes of
      the Kupffer cells providing a more rapid restoration of the liver in chronic
      hepatitis is discussed.

PMID- 953341
TI  - [Effect of hypoxia on intercellular interaction in the myocardium].
AB  - Passive electrical properties of rabbit papillary muscle were studied under
      normal and hypoxic conditions. The input resistance and the lenght of the
      electrotonic decay were measured. The results obtained suggested that within a
      frame-work of a two-dimentional model for anisotropic syncytium the resistance of
      electrogenic membrane displayed a 1.4-fold decrease on the 10th min after the
      onset of the hypoxic condition: also the longitudinal (sigma x) and the
      transverse (sigma y) resistances of the intracellular medium of the syncytium
      increase 1.39- and 1.3-fold, respectively. An increase in the sigma x and sigma y
      should be ascribed to the increase in the contact membrane resistance.
      Derangement of the intercellular interaction under hypoxic conditions is of
      importance for the understanding of the mechanisms operating in the cardiac
      arrhythmia due to heart ischemia or myocardial infarction.

PMID- 953342
TI  - [Effect of several tropane derivatives on noradrenaline absorption by
      hypothalamic synaptic vesicles].
AB  - The influence of some tropan derivatives on the absorption of exogenous
      norepinephrine was studied in experiments on the isolated synaptic vesicles of
      the hypothalamus. LK II (beta-morpholinopropionic acid tropine ester
      dihydrochloride) at the concentration of 1. -5M decreased (like cocaine) the
      passive consumption of norephinephrine. The dependence of this effect on the
      transmitter concentration in the incubation medium was demonstrated.

PMID- 953343
TI  - [Galanthamine interaction with mouse brain acetylcholinesterase in in vivo
      experiments].
AB  - Armine treatment of mice against the background of preliminary galanthamine
      injection diminished the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase of the brain
      caused by a reversible inhibitor. This effect was connected with the
      acetylcholine accumulation and the displacement by it of galanthamine from the
      active centres of the enzyme. Thus, a competitive character of galanthamine
      acetylcholinesterase interaction was shown in vivo.

PMID- 953344
TI  - [Effect of phenformin on fat-carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant rats].
AB  - Rats given phenphormin, an antidiabetic biguanide, from the 1st (8th) day of
      pregnancy displayed a fall of cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids in
      the blood; no maldevelopment of the fetus or placenta was seen. Permissibility of
      prescription of biguanides during pregnancy is discussed.

PMID- 953345
TI  - [Effect of inhibitors of DNA and protein synthesis on production of mitogenic
      factor by human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin].
AB  - A study was made of the influence of DNA and protein synthesis inhibitors on the
      production of mitogenic factor (MF) by human lymphocytes stimulated with
      phytohemagglutinin. Inhibition of the DNA synthesis with mitomycin failed to
      decrease MF production but in inhibiting the protein synthesis MF factor
      production was even increased. A conclusion was drawn that MF preexisted in the
      lymphoid cell before the beginning of stimulation, not in the ready from but as
      an inactive precursor; it became activated only in the living cells stimulated
      with phytohemagglutinin no protein synthesis is required at that moment.

PMID- 953346
TI  - [The state of several indices of non-specific immunity in rats with nephrotoxic
      glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Changes in the interferon reaction of leukocytes, bactericidal property of the
      blood serum against the E. coli and streptococcus, the activity of beta-lysins in
      experimental nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis reproducible with the aid of
      heterogenous nephrotoxic serum in mongrel male rats were studied. This model
      permitted to trace the changes in the nonspecific protection mechanisms depending
      on the pathological process in the kidneys. In nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis the
      most pronounced changes were seen in the interferon reaction of leukocytes: it
      decreased up to 90% in comparison with the normal depending on the duration of
      the disease. In difference from this the changes in the anti-bacterial immunity
      indices were observed at the period of marked nephrotic process activity.

PMID- 953347
TI  - [Presence of cross-reacting thymus and brain antigens in the cerebral cortex].
AB  - Rabbit antisera against antigens of mouse, rabbit, guinea pig and human whole
      brain cross-reacted in the cytotoxic test with the lymphocytes of the thymus,
      lymph nodes and the spleen of these animal species. Mouse thymocytes were most
      sensitive to the antibrain sera (cytotoxic index -- 63--100 per cent); cells from
      other mouse lymphoid organs and lymphocytes of rabbit, guinea pig and man were
      more resistant. Bone marrow lymphocytes were not damaged by any of these sera.
      The antigens which induced the cytotoxic properties of the sera were found only
      in the human cerebral cortex, but not in the white matter of the brain stem.

PMID- 953348
TI  - [Effect of the combined action of rimantadin and dimethyl sulfoxide on phage
      reproduction].
AB  - Separate and combined action of Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) and Rimantadin on the
      reproduction of phages T--3, T--4, T--7 and lambda was studied. The maximum
      activation of reproduction of phages T--3 and T--7 by DMSO was observed for 6
      minutes of latent period. At the same time this compound did not render the
      action on reproduction phages T--4 and, because they utilize cell RNA-polimerase.
      It was shown that DMSO stimulated the synthesis of T--3 phage DNA by action on T-
      3 phage RNA-polymerase. Combined application of both DMSO and Rimantadin
      eleminated in some degree its reciprocal effect on T--3 phage macromoelecules
      synthesis and complet eliminated inhibitory action of Rimantidin on infective
      phage T--3 production.

PMID- 953349
TI  - [Influence of antilymphocyte sera on the development of experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis].
AB  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in guinea pigs by
      sensitization of myelinomas of homologous or heterologous (rabbit) brain in the
      complete Freund's adjuvant. Antilymphocytic serum (ALS) obtained by immunization
      of rabbits with the lymphocytes of the lymph nodes of guinea pigs was injected
      subcutaneously for 3--6 days at the early periods before or after the
      sensitization. ALS produced a marked inhibitory action on the development of the
      neurological signs of EAE and of histological changes in the form of
      demyelinization and perivascular cell infiltration in the lumbo-sacral and
      cervical portions of the spinal cord. Administration of ALS beginning from the
      3rd--5th day before the sensitization or from the date of the EAE induction
      proved to be the most effective. When the injections were started from the 7th or
      the 12th day after the sensitization an increase in the incidence of the disease
      occurred in the grooups. A fall of morbidity correlated with a reduction of
      percentage of positive skin tests in response to the intradermal injection of a
      homologous myelin. No reduction in the production of the complement-fixing,
      antibodies to the heterologous antigen was seen in the animals given ALS. This
      pointed to the participation of cell factors in the development of the
      pathological process.

PMID- 953350
TI  - [Adrenalectomized mice as an experimental model for studying the biological
      activity of immune complexes].
AB  - Adrenalectomized mice may develop local (skin) and systemic reactions on the
      introduction of immune complexes formed in vitro. Regularities in respect to the
      composition of immune complexes (in which their general, toxic, action and the
      capacity to produce local reactions was expressed) were revealed. Treatment with
      agents depressing the anaphylactic reaction (cortisone, antihistaminic drugs,
      anesthetics) diminished the reactions to the immune complex. Local reaction to
      the immune complex decreased in animals with artificially-induced fall of the
      blood complement level.

PMID- 953351
TI  - [Detection of an antigen containing 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the sera of
      patients with tumors of different localizations].
AB  - An unusual antigen containing a carcinogenic tryptophane metabolite -- 3
      hydroxyanthranylic acid as a hapten (3-HAA-antigen) was found to be present in
      the blood serum in the overwhelming majority of patients with malignant tumours
      of various stages and localizations. The 3-HAA-antigen was rarely determined in
      the patients with nonmalignant diseases was not revealed in the blood serum of
      healthy donors and patients with benign tumours. The significance of the data
      obtained for the diagnosis of the tumour process, irrespective of its
      localization, is discussed.

PMID- 953352
TI  - [Circadian rhythms of cell proliferation in mice during the early stages of
      hepatocarcinogenesis induced by ortho-aminoazotoluol].
AB  - The 24-hour rhythms of the mitotic activity and the changes in the number of DNA
      synthesising cells were studied in mouse hepatocytes at the early stages of
      carcinogenesis of the liver induced with orthoaminoazotoluol in these animals;
      the autoradiographic method with thymidin-3H was used. During the first stage
      (that of diffuse irregular hyperplasia) and the second stage (that of focal
      proliferation) the rhythms of of the changes in the mitotic activity of test
      animals as incontrols had a distinct monophasic character with the maximum number
      of mitoses at the early morning hours and the minimum at the evening-night hours.
      Under normal conditions and during the first stage of carcinogenesis of the liver
      the DNA-synthesizing cell rhythms had a distinct monophasic character with the
      maximum during the day and evening hours, respectively; during the second stage
      of carcinogenesis the rhythm was characterized by the appearance of the second
      maximum at the early morning hours. The mean 24-hour values of both indices
      increased during the carcinogenesis.

PMID- 953353
TI  - [Influence of antibiotics of the penicillin series on the fetal and newborn
      development of rats].
AB  - Penicillin injected to rats in high doses at various periods of pregnancy
      produced no negative effect on the devloping fetus and neonate. At the same time
      bicillin-3 produced resorption of the embryonic cells and had a negative effect
      on the heart development.

PMID- 953354
TI  - [Effect of cortisone on post-traumatic regeneration of mammalian skeletal
      muscle].
AB  - Prolonged administration of cortisone to sexually immature rabbits and rats, in
      which m. tibialis anterior was injured preliminarily, inhibited the process of
      regeneration of the skeletal muscle tissue; this was expressed in the retarded
      growth of myosymplasts and of the muscle tubes. By the 15th postoperative day
      experimental rabbits (in comparison with control) showed a lesser area of muscle
      component of the regenerated tissue. Analysis of the intensity of methionine-H3
      incorporation into the regenerating elements of the muscle tissue demonstrated a
      significant reduction of the label incorporation into the nuclear and cytoplasmic
      proteins of the myosymplasts of rats to which cortisone was given. Inhibition of
      the protein synthesis at the early stage of differentiation of the muscle tissue
      was expressed to a lesser extent than in the mature differentiated muscle fibers
      of the intact muscle.

PMID- 953355
TI  - [Cytologic features of rat liver growth in the embryonal and neonatal periods and
      during regeneration].
AB  - August rats were used for experiments. The growth of intact embryonal and
      neonatal liver was compared with the growth of adult regenerating liver at the
      early periods after partial hepatectomy (22, 48 and 78 hours after resection of
      2/3 of the liver). Mitotic activity and the area of hepatocyte nuclei were
      determined; binucleated cells were counted. There proved to be a number of
      general regularities in the dynamics of the cytological parameters of growth for
      the intact embryonal, neonatal and regenerating adult liver of rats at the early
      periods after the resection.

PMID- 953356
TI  - [Mechanism of reversibility of colchicine mitosis induced by colcemid].
AB  - Restoration of the normal mitosis after its block by colchicine was due to the
      additional protein synthesis (reformation of the spindle microtubules). Studies
      of reversibility of the statmokinetic reaction induced by colcemid showed the
      block of the protein synthesis by puromycin to have no influence on the rate of
      restoration of the normal mitotic regimen, but copper ions delayed this process.
      On the basis of these results it is considered that restoration of the K-mitosis
      induced by colcemid was mainly due to the tubule reassembly. Probably the
      prevalence of the processes of reformation and reassembly of microtubules during
      the restoration depended on the extent of their destruction and the pattern of
      binding by the damaging agent of the tubular protein pool subunits.

PMID- 953357
TI  - [Electron-microscopic radioautography of DNA-synthesizing cells of growing rat
      smooth muscle tissue].
AB  - DNA-synthesizing cells of rat stomach muscle tissue following 50% resection of
      the fundal part, identical cells of the vena cava after disturbance of the blood
      out flow, and of the appendix on contraction of the ascending part of the large
      intestine were studied by electron microscopic autoradiography. DNA synthesis in
      the differentiated myocyte nuclei of the stomach muscle tissue, and of the
      "activated" myocytes of the stomach and the vein was observed. There were signs
      of asynchronous DNA synthesis in the nuclei of some smooth muscle cells and
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 953358
TI  - [Post-traumatic regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric and intestinal
      mucous membranes of dogs].
AB  - The work was devoted to the study of the sources of reparative regeneration of
      the epithelium of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. A number of surgical
      interventions on the stomach and intestine of 1 dogs were performed for the
      solution of this problem. On the basis of the investigations carried out the
      leading role in the regeneration of the gastric and intestinal mucosa was found
      to be played by uninjured epithelium surrounding the area of the surgical
      intervention. This was confirmed by the fact that a mucosa-free intestinal
      pedicle graft implanted into the defect of the wall of the stomach was covered by
      gastric mucosa; a stomach graft devoid of own mucosa became covered with
      intestinal mucosa when displaced in the form of a cylindrical "insertion" into
      the intestinal tube; mucosa-free stomach pouch became obliterated; this could be
      reliably attributed to the absence of the main source of regeneration --
      uninjured mucosal epithelium along the periphery of the defect. No regeneration
      of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa from the implanted cells was revealed;
      this served as an additional confirmation of the fact that regeneration under
      conditions of the mentioned experiments occurred on account of creeping of
      epithelial cells surrounding the area of the surgical intervention over the free
      surface of mucosa.

PMID- 953359
TI  - [A method of studying hydrochloric acid secretion in isolated gastric mucous
      membrane using a two-channel pH-meter].
AB  - A new method of hydrochloric acid secretion recording on two symmetrical parts of
      the same isolated gastric mucosa is described. A two-channel system which had a
      number of important advantages over a single-channel system was used. The
      advantage of this method lay in a possibility of a more exact differentiation of
      the influence of different substances on the rate of H+ secretion and in a
      considerable decrease in the number of animals required for the experiments. The
      apparatus scheme for a two-channel recording of H+ secretion, and design of the
      four-chamber cuvette are described.

PMID- 953360
TI  - [A rapid method standardizing cholagogue substances on mice].
AB  - The authors described a rapid method of selection and quantitative assessment of
      the specific activity of substances (insulin, chologon and mebethizol: 2
      mercaptobenzthiazol with a cholagogue action of mice. The gall bladder obtained
      from the animals was weighed with and wihtout the bile; it was thus possible to
      determine the amount of bile accumulated in the gall bladder under the action of
      the agents under study during a definite period of time. The method described may
      be used for pharmacological screening.

PMID- 953361
TI  - [Determination of glucokinase and hexokinase activity in extracts of liver
      preliminarily purified on dextran gel molselekt G-50].

PMID- 953362
TI  - Human marrow erythropoiesis in culture. I. Characterization of methylcellulose
      colony assay.
AB  - We examined the morphological and functional characteristics of human marrow
      erythrocytes cultured with a recently developed methylcellulose colony assay
      technique. Erythrocytic cells in various stages of development were observed, and
      a significant degree of maturational synchrony within individual colonies was
      noted. By light microscopy, colonies consisting of late normoblasts appeared
      compact, had an orange hue attributable to their hemoglobin, and demonstrated
      pseudoperoxidase activity, whereas colonies composed of early erythroblasts grew
      less compact or in clusters of smaller cell aggregates and showed no reddish
      tinge. Colonies possessing intermediate features were also observed. Maturational
      synchrony of individual colonies was confirmed using ransmission and scanning
      electron microscopy. The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of most immature cells
      were normal. The mature erythrocytes, however, were severely microcytic and
      hypochromic and contained one to several Heinz bodies. These defects in the
      cytoplasmic maturation of erythrocytes corresponded with impaired granulocytic
      maturation in culture, which we observed previously, and suggest environmental or
      nutritional defects in culture. Linearity of the method was confirmed using five
      normal bone marrows. Erythropoietin dose-responses observed in ten normal marrows
      were comparable to the previously reported results and revealed significant
      variation in individual plating efficiencies.

PMID- 953363
TI  - Erythropoietic events in cultured embryonic mouse spleen.
AB  - The events of erythropoiesis in cultured embryonic mouse spleens isolated on the
      12th day of gestation were compared with those occurring in spleens of
      corresponding gestational days in vivo. It was found that the development of
      erythroid precursors in the cultured spleen depended on the presence of
      erythropoietin in the culture medium. A progressive increase in the number of
      erythroid precursors, with a marked shift to mature cells, was observed in
      spleens cultured with erythropoietin. Although the origin of the hemocytoblasts
      in the spleen isolated in the earliest stage of its development remains obscure,
      the present study provided evidence that erythropoiesis in the embryonic mouse
      spleen was indigenous to this organ and did not result from colonization of
      erythroid precursors originating in the liver.

PMID- 953364
TI  - Factors which affect erythropoiesis in partially nephrectomized and sham-operated
      rats.
AB  - Current concepts of the pathogenesis of anemia in uremic animals are derived
      mainly from the results of studies performed either in vitro or in bilaterally
      nephrectomized animals. These data may not be applicable to the situation which
      exists in more chronically uremic animals. In 1932, Chanutin and Ferris showed
      that removal of five-sixths of the renal mass caused rats to become uremic and to
      remain so for a prolonged period of time. Rats made uremic in this manner were
      utilized as models for studying the pathogenesis of the anemia of uremia.
      Removeal of five-sixths of the renal mass of rats caused their BUNs to rise to
      over 100 mg/100 ml and to remain at this level for over 3 wk. The hematocrits of
      these uremic rats fell from 42% to approximately 30% in 3 wk. Erythropoietin (Ep)
      production immediately fell to a barely detectable level postoperatively and did
      not increase significantly in 3 wk, although the renal remnant hypertrophied.
      Extrarenal Ep production also remained at a low level and did not increase during
      the 3-wk observation period. The response of plethoric uremic rats to 2 units of
      Ep was as great (in some experiments greater) as that of sham-operated ones. A
      surprising finding was that plethoric uremic rats, injected with saline rather
      than with Ep, incorporated more 59Fe into their red blood cells than did sham
      operated ones. This finding suggested that in uremic rats erythropoiesis was less
      markedly suppressed by plethora than it was in non-uremic rats.

PMID- 953365
TI  - Evaluation of the iron status of a population.
AB  - The iron status of a population of 1564 subjects living in the northwestern
      United States was evaluated by measurements of transferrin saturation, red cell
      protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin. The frequency distribution of these
      parameters showed no distinct separation between normal and iron-deficient
      subjects. When only one of these three parameters was abnormal (transferrin
      saturation below 15%, red cell protoporphyrin above 100 mug/ml packed red blood
      cells, serum ferritin below 12 ng/ml), the prevalence of anemia was only slightly
      greater (10.9%) than in the entire sample (8.3%). The prevalence of anemia was
      increased to 28% in individuals with two or more abnormal parameters, and to 63%
      when all three parameters were abnormal. As defined by the presence of at least
      two abnormal parameters, the prevalence of iron deficiency in various populations
      separated on the basis of age and sex ranged from 3% in adolescent and adult
      males to 20% in menstruating women. It is concluded that the accuracy of
      detecting iron deficiency in population surveys can be substantially improved by
      employing a battery of laboratory measurements of the iron status.

PMID- 953366
TI  - Distribution of spermidine and spermine in blood from cystic fibrosis patients
      and control subjects.
AB  - Previous studies have shown an abnormality of the spermidine-to-spermine
      (Spd/Spm) ratio in whole blood of cystic fibrosis homo-and heterozygotes. To
      investigate Spd and Spm distribution amoung blood components as a possible cause
      of the abnormality, blood was fractionated using Rabinowitz's glass bead
      technique and Boyum's Ficoll-Hypaque method. Free (unconjugated) polyamines were 
      extracted with perchloric acid and quantitated on an amino acid analyzer. In
      controls, mean +/- SEM concentrations in nmoles/10(9) cells of Spd and Spm,
      respectively, were 1.02 +/- 0.08 and 0.894 +/- 0.28 for erythrocytes; 126 +/- 31
      and 357 +/- 105 for lymphocytes; 36 +/- 16 and 240 +/- 33 for granulocytes; and
      less than 0.5 and less than 0.5 nmoles/ml for plasma. When converted to the
      concentration in whole blood, it was found that greater than 90% of Spd and over
      70% of Spm was associated with erythrocytes. While the higher cellular
      concentration in leukocytes was not unexpected, the fact that Spd and Spm in
      whole blood were primarily associated with erythrocytes was a new finding.
      Comparison with controls revealed that the Spd/Spm ratio in both whole blood and
      erythrocytes was significantly higher in the group of cystic fibrosis patients.

PMID- 953367
TI  - Letter: Leptochromatic or transitional lymphocyte?

PMID- 953368
TI  - Particulate contamination in dry sterile antimicrobial solids.

PMID- 953369
TI  - Extraction rates of marker compounds from rubber closures for parenteral use. II.
      mechanism of extraction and evaluation of select extraction parameters.

PMID- 953370
TI  - Method for solubilization of selected drug substances.

PMID- 953371
TI  - Moisture vapor transmission measurement by gas chromatography.

PMID- 953372
TI  - Cost considerations in the selection of a water purification system.

PMID- 953373
TI  - Safety aspects in the production of sterile radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 953374
TI  - Hospital pharmacy and quality health care.

PMID- 953375
TI  - Peptic ulceration in men. Epidemiology and medical care.
AB  - Estimates of the population prevalence of peptic and duodenal ulceration in men
      aged between 25 and 64 years were made in the London borough of Lambeth. The
      sampling frame for these estimates was a 20% private census. The lifetime
      prevalence rate of proved peptic ulcer (haematemesis, gastric and duodenal ulcers
      as validated by operation or barium meal), adjusted for age and social class, was
      estimated to be 6-7%, while the similarly adjusted lifetime prevalence for
      duodenal ulcer was 4-4%. The lifetime prevalences increased with age but not
      significantly so. A social class gradient was demonstrated with the highest
      prevalence in social class I and II. Previously described associations with blood
      group, secretor status, and serum pepsinogen were confirmed. Reported use of
      medical services increased with increasing severity of symptoms. A large number
      of respondents, however, who reported symptoms reported no medical care. It
      seemed unlikely that those men who reported symptoms and no medical care had
      demonstrable peptic ulcers.

PMID- 953376
TI  - Personality scores and smoking behaviour. A longitudinal study.
AB  - The personality scores at 16 years of age of 2753 people, all members of the
      National Survey of Health and Development, were related, in a follow-up study, to
      cigarette smoking behaviour in their young adult years. Survey members who
      recorded high neuroticism scores were found to be more likely to smoke than those
      with low scores and, among the smokers, deep inhalers formed the most neurotic
      group. Extraverts were more likely to smoke than introverts, the mean
      extraversion score being greatest for the male smokers with a high daily
      consumption of cigarettes. The personality scores were found to have some power
      in predicting changes in smoking behaviour. Neurotics and extraverts who had not
      started to smoke by the time of completing the personality inventory at 16 were
      more likely than the stable and introverted to take up the habit subsequently.
      Among survey members who were regular smokers at the time of completing the
      personality inventory the proportion giving up smoking by the time they reached
      the age of 25 years was related to consumption level recorded at 20 years and the
      personality scores recorded at 16, stable extraverts among the men being most
      likely to stop smoking.

PMID- 953377
TI  - Anencephalus in Scotland 1961-72.
AB  - Data relating to the incidence of anencephalus for the 12-year period 1961-72
      were abstracted from the Statistical Reviews of the Registrar General for
      Scotland. It was shown that considerable geographical variation is still apparent
      with the highlands having, in general, the lower incidences. In comparison with
      the earlier study of Edwards (1958), there were some changes: the incidence in
      the areas to the west had increased and that in those to the east decreased.
      During the 12-year period there was an overall decline in the incidence of the
      lesion; this was most marked in births to women under 20 years, and to those of
      social classes III, IV, and V. The decline was least apparent for births to women
      of high social class and the unmarried. It was shown that there was little
      seasonal variation in the time of delivery, but that even when the trend had been
      taken into account the yearly fluctuation was significantly different from that
      expected, with an excess of cases in 1961 and 1971.

PMID- 953378
TI  - Cancer in the offspring of fathers in hydrocarbon-related occupations.
AB  - A case-control study has been conducted to see whether a hydrocarbon-related
      occupation of the father at the time of conception constitutes a risk factor for
      malignant disease in the offspring. The series comprised 852 cancer cases from
      the Finnish Cancer Registry and 852 controls matched for date of birth and
      domicile. The father's occupation for both the cases and controls was ascertained
      from the records of antenatal clinics. No significant associations were found
      between the commonest types of childhood cancer and hydrocarbon-related
      occupations--that is, motor-vehicle mechanics, machinists, miners, painters, and
      motor-vehicle drivers. Risk ratio 2 was excluded from most of the 95% confidence
      intervals for children under 15 years of age. The results do not support the
      hypothesis that there is an excess risk of cancer in the children of fathers in
      hydrocarbon-related occupations.

PMID- 953379
TI  - Disability: a model and measurement technique.
AB  - Current methods of ranking or scoring disability tend to be arbitrary. A new
      method is put forward on the hypothesis that disability progresses in regular,
      cumulative patterns. A model of disability is defined and tested with the use of
      Guttman scale analysis. Its validity is indicated on data from a survey in the
      community and from postsurgical patients, and some factors involved in scale
      variation are identified. The model provides a simple measurement technique and
      has implications for the assessment of individual disadvantage, for the
      prediction of progress in recovery or deterioration, and for evaluation of the
      outcome of treatment regimes.

PMID- 953380
TI  - The needs of old people. The 'interval' as a method of measurement.
AB  - A survey was conducted on 1035 persons constituting a semi-random age-structured
      sample of the populations of three areas in the west of Scotland. The object was
      to attempt to estimate the needs of this population for domiciliary services. A
      method was developed of classifying the subjects into 12 'care groups' based on
      two characteristics, those of 'potential need' and 'solitude'. 'Potential need'
      was a measure of disability and its severity was graded according to the
      intervals that elapsed between necessary periods of help. 'Solitude' was a
      measure of the time during each day when potential sources of help were
      spontaneously available. 'Potential need' was found to be related linearly to age
      but to be independent of the other variables studied. 'Solitude' was commonest in
      the 75-84-year age group and varied in the three areas studied, but no
      relationship with any other variable was detected. An estimate was made of the
      domiciliary services which would be required to ensure a satisfactory standard of
      care for the subjects in the sample. Assuming present or slightly better levels
      of hospital provision and slightly lower provision of residential homes there is
      still a need for a very great increase in domiciliary services if satisfactory
      standards of community care are to be attained.

PMID- 953381
TI  - The coal gas story. United Kingdom suicide rates, 1960-71.
AB  - A detailed analysis of suicide rates between 1960 and 1971 for England and Wales
      and for Scotland confirms that all age-sex subgroups have shown a marked decline
      in suicide due to domestic gas, corresponding in time to the fall in the CO
      content. After considering data on the effects of the International
      Classification of Diseases (ICD) Eighth Revision, accident mortality, some
      personal characteristics of coal gas suicides, and the use of coal gas in
      parasuicide it was concluded that a simple casual explantation was likely.
      Suicide due to non-gas methods has in general increased, markedly so in some
      groups. It was suggested that neither improved psychiatric services nor voluntary
      agencies could have produced such changes. The 'compensatory' trend of gas and
      non-gas suicide rates was indicated for certain age-sex subgroups. The continuing
      need for suicide research was pointed out, and questions were raised concerning
      the psychological meaning of the epidemiological data.

PMID- 953382
TI  - Risk factors for myocardial infarction in young women.
AB  - Seventy-seven women discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of myocardial
      infarction and 207 control patients were investigated. All were under 45 years of
      age at the time of admission. Heavy cigarette smoking, reported treatment for pre
      eclamptic toxaemia, and type II hyperlipoproteinaemia were found to be
      independent risk factors for myocardial infarction. Reported treatment for
      hypertension and diabetes are probably also independently associated with
      subsequent development of the condition, but the associations between myocardial
      infarction and reported treatment for obesity and psychiatric illness appear to
      be secondary. Previous publications have suggested that use of oral
      contraceptives is an independent risk factor. Examination of the effect of
      several factors combined, suggests that they act synergistically, the presence of
      three or more factors increasing the risk 128-fold.

PMID- 953383
TI  - Radiology now. Upper digestive tract radiology today.

PMID- 953384
TI  - The role of small bowel follow-through examination in the diagnosis of coeliac
      disease.
AB  - A retrospective study of 105 barium follow-through examinations on 102 patients
      suspected of having malabsorption syndrome has been carried out to assess the
      usefulness of this technique in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. Comparison with
      histological and biochemical data has been made. Of the 34 examinations on 31
      patients with a proven diagnosis of coeliac disease, 30 examinations showed both
      abnormal X-ray and biopsy findings, two examinations showed normal X-ray
      appearance but abnormal jejunal biopsy and two showed normal jejunal histology
      but abnormal X-ray findings. There were two cases with sensitivity, non-invasive
      nature, ease and cheapness of the technique, barium follow-through examination is
      suggested as the initial investigation in patients suspected of coeliac disease.

PMID- 953385
TI  - Azygography in the pre-treatment evaluation of oesophageal carcinoma.
AB  - Azygography is a useful technique for the pre-operative detection of
      unresectability of oesophageal malignancies. Invarison of the azygos vein by
      oesophageal carcinoma occurs because of the anatomic proximity of the thoracic
      oesophagus and the azygos vein. Azygography may be performed by either
      intraosseous injection of a rib or by direct retrograde catheterization. Complete
      obstruction of the azygos vein indicates that an oesophageal carcinoma is
      unresectable if no other intrathoracic disease is evident.

PMID- 953386
TI  - The problem of discrimination in mammography. Arguments for using a biological
      test object.
AB  - A specimen of breast tissue containing a carcinoma with multiple calcifications
      was used as a test object and examined by a range of mammographic techniques. The
      images were compared with a photograph of the actual specimen which was cleared
      and stained for calcium salts. A quantitative method of evaluating the
      discriminating ability of each technique is described and used to compare these
      images. Xeroradiography and Kodak Crystallex film clearly excelled other imaging
      methods. The value of using a biological test object is discussed.

PMID- 953387
TI  - Irradiation to the thyroid gland at cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography
      in children.
AB  - Irradiation to the thyroid gland was measured during cardiac catheterization in
      16 infants and 30 children aged 1 to 13 years. The doses from fluoroscopy, full
      scale angiocardiography, and cineradiography were measured separately with
      thermoluminescent dosimeters and, in addition, the exposure-area product was
      assessed during fluoroscopy with a transparent ionization chamber. Median value
      of the absorbed dose to the thyroid from the complete heart investigation was 370
      mrad in infants and 260 mrad in children. The highest values and also the
      greatest range in dosage were observed in infants. The quotient of the thyroid
      absorbed dose divided by the integral dose or the dose per exposed film area was
      also highest in infants, due to anatomical conditions. The absorbed dose to the
      thyroid during heart catheterization comes almost exclusively from scattered
      radiation. By appropriate examination technique this dose can be kept within
      acceptable limits.

PMID- 953388
TI  - Tolerance of rodent tails to necrosis after "daily" fractionated X rays or D-T
      neutrons.
AB  - The rat tail has been used as a model system to study the necrosis of an
      organized tissue following fractionated doses of collimated D-T neutrons or 290
      kV X rays. RBE values for tail tolerance - 10 per cent of tails necrosing after
      the early skin reactions - rise from about 1-7 (single doses) to about 3-1 (16
      fractions in 22 days). Neutron tolerance doses are almost independent of
      fractionation from 2 to 16 fractions. The tissues at risk are shown to be rather
      hypoxic. Early skin reaction levels can be used to predict the fraction of tails
      that will necrose. Early peak reactions for a given fraction of necrotic tails
      were slightly higher for neutrons than for X rays, and this difference was
      consistent for all the dose fractionation schedules employed.

PMID- 953389
TI  - Effects of fractionated irradiation on mouse lung and a phenomenon of slow
      repair.
AB  - The LD/50 between 40 and 180 days after irradiation of the thorax has been taken
      as a measure of lung damage in mice. The method has been used to derive the
      relationship between total dose, number of fractions (N) and overall treatment
      time (T). For X rays the results fit an Ellis type of relationship, i.e. total
      dose alphaN0-25 T0-07. This only applies for more than 8 fractions, below which
      N0-39 becomes a good fit to the results. For neutrons, the best fit is total dose
      alphaT0-07. Various possible explanations for the T factor are discussed, but for
      lung damage we attribute it to a slow repair process which possibly may only be
      observed in slowly proliferating tissues. Slow repair is about 100 times less
      rapid than Elkind-type of repair of sublethal damage and whereas Elkind repair is
      greatly reduced for irradiation with fast neutrons, relative to X rays, slow
      repair is not.

PMID- 953390
TI  - Modification of the radiocurability of a syngeneic murine squamous carcinoma by
      its site of growth, by electron-affinic drugs, and by ICRF 159.
AB  - A series of TCD50 experiments using a spontaneously arising, syngeneically
      transplated, murine squamous carcinoma is reported. Tumours implanted
      intradermally and irradiated while they remained superficial had a small but
      nonetheless cure-limiting hypoxic fraction of cells (TCD50 3,324-4,257 rad). The
      hypoxic fraction increased dramatically when these tumours invaded the
      subcutaneous tissues, or when tumours were implanted subcutaneously (TCD50
      greater than 5,544 rad). Pre-treatment of mice with the electron-affinic drug Ro
      07-0582 at a dose of 1 mg/g i.p. 20-30 minutes before irradiation effectively
      eliminated the hypoxic element from superficaial tumours (TCD50 1.862 rad). The
      same drug at a dose of 0-25 mg/g reduced the TCD50 for superficial tumours by a
      factor of 1-87 (3,986-2,134 rad), while another electron affinic drug,
      metronidazole, given at a dose of 0-25 mg/g reduced the TCD50 by a factor of 1-28
      (4,257-3,337 rad). Treatment of mice with the drug ICRF 159, 30 mug/g daily from
      the time of tumour cell injection until the day of irradiation, reduced the TCD50
      in unclamped tumours by less than 1-19. However, a commensurate reduction of
      TCD50 in clamped tumours suggested that improved tumour vascularization could not
      explain fully the drug's "radiosensitizing" action. The unique single radiation
      dose curability of most human skin cancers is discussed in the light of the
      experimental results, and the possible clinical implication of an increase in
      hypoxic fraction with tumour invasion is raised.

PMID- 953391
TI  - An after loading colpostat (using standard source tubes).
AB  - An afterloading system for the treatment of gynaecological patients is described.
      It uses a rigid tandem to which afterloading colpostats are attached. The
      catheters for afterloading the colpostats are flexible thus minimizing patient
      discomfort. A constant 90 deg. alignment of source tubes between the uterine
      tandem and colpostats is achieved.

PMID- 953392
TI  - Gamma-camera uniformity as a function of energy and count-rate.

PMID- 953393
TI  - Multiple superficial gastric erosions due to Crohn's disease of the stomach.
      Radiologic and endoscopic diagnosis.
AB  - A case of Crohn's disease involving the stomach and duodenum is presented. The
      patient had a four-and-a-half year history of ankylosing spondylitis. Double
      contrast radiography of the stomach and duodenum showed multiple superficial
      gastric erosions and a duodenal ulcer. There were typical changes of Crohn's
      disease in the terminal ileum. At endoscopy, numerous superficial erosions were
      seen in the stomach and duodenum and biopsies of the stomach showed granulomatous
      inflammation, consistent with Crohn's disease. These lesions are similar to those
      seen in the colon in the early stages of granulomatous colitis and it is likely
      that this represents the early stage of Crohn's disease in the stomach. With
      increasing application of double-contrast radiography and endoscopy, these
      lesions may be found more frequently.

PMID- 953394
TI  - Proceedings: Photographic aspects of grey scaling.

PMID- 953396
TI  - Proceedings: An approach to quantitation of the grey scale.

PMID- 953395
TI  - Proceedings: Critical comparison of the diagnostic value of bistable and stored
      grey-scale display in routine ultrasound practice.

PMID- 953397
TI  - Proceedings: Enhancement of displayed dynamic range by colour conversion of a
      stored grey scale image.

PMID- 953398
TI  - Proceedings: Grey scaling in routine examinations of the first, second, and third
      trimesters of pregnancy.

PMID- 953399
TI  - Proceedings: The assessment and management of carotid arterial disease using
      spectral analysis of the Doppler signal.

PMID- 953400
TI  - Proceedings: Ultrasound in the management of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 953401
TI  - Proceedings: Sonographic localization of intra-uterine contraceptive devices.

PMID- 953402
TI  - Proceedings: Renal failure.

PMID- 953403
TI  - Proceedings: The assessment of abdominal lymph-nodes with ultrasound.

PMID- 953404
TI  - Proceedings: Ultrasound scanning in a radiotherapy department.

PMID- 953405
TI  - OER reduction with high-energy neutrons.

PMID- 953407
TI  - Letter: A numerical index of gamma-camera uniformity.

PMID- 953408
TI  - Letter: The irregular renogram.

PMID- 953406
TI  - Letter: A cause of non-opacification of the gall-bladder: treatment with
      secholex.

PMID- 953409
TI  - Letter: Radioactive contamination hazard from patients.

PMID- 953410
TI  - Letter: Formulae for calculation of 50 per cent depth dose and linear absorption
      coefficient in water of cobalt-60 gamma rays.

PMID- 953411
TI  - Letter: A proposal for SI prefixes.

PMID- 953412
TI  - Letter: Must radiologists do all the reporting?

PMID- 953413
TI  - The surgical management of tuberculous lower ureteric stricture.
AB  - 25 years' experience of the open surgical management of the lower ureteric
      stricture is reviewed. An extravesical anti-reflux tunnel procedure has been
      found to be simple and effective. There is still a place for the Boari procedure
      or psoas hitch, particularly in the management of a long stricture of when gross
      thickening of the ureter makes the formation of a tunnel of effective length
      impracticable.

PMID- 953414
TI  - A complication of nephrectomy by the supracostal approach.

PMID- 953415
TI  - Traumatic avulsion of the ureter with obstruction, pseudocyst formation and
      hypertension.
AB  - A further case of traumatic avulsion of the upper ureter is described; it was
      complicated by hypertension and treated by removal of the pseudocyst. Delay in
      diagnosis should not be a contraindication to reconstructive surgery which should
      always be attempted if the kidney is functioning. The possibility of renal artery
      ischaemia should be considered when hypertension develops in the presence of a
      pseduocyst.

PMID- 953417
TI  - Bilateral renal carcinomas treated operatively.

PMID- 953416
TI  - Influence of vesico-ureteral reflux on the response to treatment of urinary tract
      infections in female children.
AB  - 3 groups of female children, comprising a total of 169 patients, were followed
      through successive episodes of urinary tract infection with respect to recurrence
      of infection. Group A consisted of 66 patients with no evidence of vesico
      ureteral reflux. Group B comprised 42 patients with demonstrated vesico-ureteral
      reflux. The infections in these patients were treated with medical therapy alone
      and the reflux was not corrected. Group C consisted of 61 children who had
      surgical correction of vesico-ureteral reflux. While Groups B and C were not
      strictly comparable, the data indicate that there was no demonstrable difference
      in the rate of urinary tract infection among the 3 groups. Following short-term
      specific antibacterial therapy of a new infection, about 20% of children in each
      group were "cured", i.e., had no further infections during the 12 months or more
      that they were subsequently followed by the authors. Patients with less severe
      grades of reflux treated by medication alone (Group B) experienced no greater
      rate of reinfection than those children presenting with infections in the absence
      of vesico-ureteral reflux. In those children whose infections could not be
      adequately controlled by antimicrobial therapy, and those patients with severe
      (Grade III) reflux, surgery was performed to eliminate the vesico-ureteral
      reflux. The data also reinforced the concept that correction of reflux does not
      eliminate the need for constant vigilance and proper treatment of recurrent
      infections even after successful surgery has been carried out.

PMID- 953418
TI  - Percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy after spinal cord injury.
AB  - The results of treatment of urinary bladder paralysis with small calibre (9
      Charriere) suprapubic drainage in 41 male patients are described. It was found
      that suprapubic drainage could be maintained for an average of 8 weeks and that
      the urine in 43% of patients remained sterile for an average of 7 weeks. This
      technique merits further trial, both in the paraplegic patient and in normal
      patients requiring catheterisation because of obstruction of the lower urinary
      tract.

PMID- 953419
TI  - Asymptomatic phaeochromocytoma of the bladder co-existing with carcinoma.
AB  - A case of asymptomatic phaeochromocytoma occurring in co-existence with a
      transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is reported and the
      significant characteristics discussed.

PMID- 953420
TI  - Male epispadias: surgical repairs of urethropenile deformity.
AB  - A surgical technique for the repair of complete epispadias, with emphasis on
      correction of the urethropenile deformity and attempt to restore normal anatomic
      relations has been presented. The epispadiac orifice is dissected and followed
      proximally to beyond the bladder neck, then brought out perineally between the
      bifurcated crura. The penis is denuded from its skin, then embedded in the
      scrotum, except for the glans penis which protrudes from the midscrotum. Penile
      skin is folded into a tube to be used later for urethral reconstruction.
      Excellent cosmetic and functional results are consistently obtained by this multi
      stage technique.

PMID- 953421
TI  - An unusual case of right and left testicular arteries arching over the left renal
      vein.
AB  - An unusual case in which both testicular arteries arched over the left renal vein
      is described. A developmental explanation for the unusual vascular pattern is
      given. The possible importance of this and similar anomalies in the causation of
      varicocoele and orthostatic proteinuria is discussed.

PMID- 953422
TI  - A.I.D.--a review of 200 cases.
AB  - 2OO consecutive cases of couples referred for A.I.D. are reviewed. The reasons
      for referral are given and the technique and donors are discussed. It is
      estimated that about 85% of women who receive donor insemination will achieve
      pregnancy if they presevere. Infertility factors are common in women who present
      for donor insemination and this usually takes the form of ovarian follicular
      deficiency, probably with non-ovulation. It is suggested that a biphasic basal
      temperature record or a secretory endometrium in the luteal phase are unreliable
      tests for ovulation.

PMID- 953423
TI  - Proceedings: A one-stage repair of urethral stricture.

PMID- 953424
TI  - Proceedings: The urological complications of gynaecological cancer treatment.

PMID- 953425
TI  - Proceedings: Reconstructive surgery in exstrophy of the bladder.

PMID- 953426
TI  - Proceedings: Ureteric trauma.

PMID- 953427
TI  - Proceedings: In situ carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 953428
TI  - Proceedings: The behavior of the ureters following Wertheim hysterectomy and
      radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 953430
TI  - Proceedings: Conservative surgical management of primary tumours of the ureter.

PMID- 953429
TI  - Proceedings: the TNM system of classification of carcinoma of the bladder.

PMID- 953431
TI  - Proceedings: Hydrodynamics and urinary infection,.

PMID- 953432
TI  - Proceedings: Psychiatric aspects of impotence.

PMID- 953433
TI  - Proceedings: Plasma testosterone in prostatic disease.

PMID- 953434
TI  - Proceedings: Peyronie's disease.

PMID- 953435
TI  - Proceedings: Surgical management of priapism.

PMID- 953436
TI  - Proceedings: Treatment of carcinoma of the prostate by continuous infusion of
      stilboestrol diphosphate (Honvan).

PMID- 953437
TI  - Proceedings: Hormones and the kidney.

PMID- 953438
TI  - Proceedings: Hormonal therapy with steroid-filled silastic rubber implants.

PMID- 953439
TI  - Proceedings: A simple artificial sphincter.

PMID- 953440
TI  - Proceedings: The surgical implications of vascular anastomoses in the kidney.

PMID- 953442
TI  - Proceedings: Antegrade pyelography.

PMID- 953441
TI  - Proceedings: A new technique for ferrosilicone knifeless nephrectomy or partial
      nephrectomy for renal tumours of unilateral renal aetiology hypertension.

PMID- 953443
TI  - Proceedings: Idiopathic cyclical oedema.

PMID- 953444
TI  - Proceeding: Pull-through ureterolithotomy.

PMID- 953445
TI  - Ascorbic acid levels in stored blood and in patients undergoing surgery after
      blood transfusion.
AB  - Blood was obtained from 11 healthy voluteers, mixed with two standard types of
      anticoagulant used in blood transfusion centres and stored for 21-28 days at 4
      degrees C. Leucocyte ascorbic acid (LAA) fell to deficient levels after 7 days in
      all cases. There were no corresponding changes in plasma ascorbic acid (PAA)
      levels. LAA and PAA were measured before, during and after surgery in 5 control
      patients who underwent definitive operations for benign peptic ulceration and in
      4 patients under-going surgery for bleeding peptic ulceration. The average amount
      of blood administered to the latter group was 10 units. There was a fall in LAA
      and PAA in both groups of patients after operation. This fall had returned to
      normal by 7 days in the controls, but the LAA remained at a deficient level at 7
      days in the patients who had bled. Deficient ascorbic acid in stored blood may
      contribute to low leucocyte ascorbic acid levels in patients after blood
      transfusion and may contribute to the increased complication rate when surgery is
      undertaken in these patients.

PMID- 953446
TI  - Bronchopleural fistula: a review of 86 cases.
AB  - A review of all the bronchopleural fistulas which developed following pulmonary
      resection in the Department of Cardio-Vascular and Thoracic Surgery of The London
      Hospital between 1953 and 1973 is presented. During this period 3150 pulmonary
      resections were performed for various conditions and 86 fistulas occurred, an
      incidence of 2-7 per cent. The aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of these
      fistulas are discussed.

PMID- 953447
TI  - Postgastrectomy afferent loop obstruction due to efferent loop herniation
      simulating acute pancreatitis.
AB  - A case of afferent loop obstruction due to efferent loop retro-anastomatic
      herniation following a Polya gastrectomy is presented. The clinical picture
      closely mimicked that of acute pancreatitis. The difficulty in diagnosis in this
      situation is discussed and the importance of operative techniques in its
      prevention emphasized.

PMID- 953448
TI  - Multivariate analysis of clinical and operative findings associated with bilary
      sepsis.
AB  - A cluster analysis of 17 preoperative and 10 operative variables has been
      undertaken from a prospective study of 181 patients undergoing operations on the
      biliary tract in order to identify those with organisms in the bile who would
      therefore benefit from prophylactic antibiotic cover. The analysis defined
      populations of high risk (45 patients) and low risk (136 patients) in which the
      incidence of infected bile was 67 and 19 per cent respectively (P less than 0
      001). Eight variables were more common in the high risk than in the low risk
      group (P less than 0-001). These "high risk factors" were: jaundice at operation,
      recent rigoors, emergency operation or one within 4 weeks of an emergency
      admission, age over 70 years, previous biliary operation, common duct obstruction
      and stones in the bile duct. In 67 patients where one or more "high risk factors"
      was present, the bile contained organisms in 37 (53 percent); when 4 "high risk
      factors" occurred in the same patient (16 cases) biliary organisms were isolated
      in 14(87 per cent). We conclude that the presence of one or more "high risk
      factors" indicates a patient in whom prophylactic antibiotics would be advised
      during an operation on the biliary tract.

PMID- 953449
TI  - Colonic lymphoma complicating ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Colonic lymphoma is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis. Two cases are
      described in patients who had had ulcerative colitis for 12 and 22 years
      respectively. Both patients presented with a recent change in their symptoms,
      which had become increasingly severe and which had not remitted with customary
      treatment for ulcerative colitis. Physical and haematological examinations
      revealed no evidence of generalized lymphoma, though barium enema studies
      indicated the sites of the lymphomatous lesions superimposed on chronic
      ulcerative colitis which were confirmed at operation and biopsy.

PMID- 953450
TI  - Anorectal function after major resections of the sacrum with bilateral or
      unilateral sacrifice of sacral nerves.
AB  - The anorectal function in 3 patients with bilateral and 4 patients with
      unilateral well-defined loss of sacral nerves after radical tumour excision was
      studied by clinical examination and by simultaneous registration of the following
      variables: volume and pressure in the rectum, pressure in the internal anal
      sphincter area and myoelectrical activity in the external anal sphincter. The
      patients with bilateral loss of sacral nerves had serious impairment of function.
      Constipation was their only safeguard against incontinence. The preservation of
      the first and second sacral nerves bilaterally was not sufficient for
      discrimination between different qualities of rectal contents passing the anal
      canal. The sensation of rectal distension was also impaired. The reflex pattern
      of the internal anal sphincter was, however, intact. The external anal sphincter
      displayed a weak spontaneous myoelectrical activity in the patients who had at
      least one second sacral nerve intact, and a weak increase of the activity could
      be induced voluntarily. The normal transient increase of myoelectrical discharge
      from the external anal sphincter in response to rectal distension could not,
      however, be elicited. In patients with total unilateral loss of the sacral nerves
      no significant impairment of anorectal function was noted. Total one-sided
      denervation implied deficient sensibility of the anal canal unilaterally, but no
      disturbance of sphincter function as judged from the reflex response of the
      internal and external anal sphincters to rectal distension.

PMID- 953451
TI  - A study of perineal wound healing after abdominoperineal resection.
AB  - A comparative study of 53 cases has revealed that a technique of complete primary
      closure of the perineal wound after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum and
      anal canal appears to be a superior, more rational approach than other orthodox
      techniques. (It is unsuitable for any case contaminated with pus or faeces during
      operation.) Redivac apparatus used through a separate route for continuous
      drainage from the sacral cavity has made the postoperative care easier for nurses
      and surgeons and this period more comfortable for the patient. It provides a
      simple method compared with other suction apparatus used for the same purpose. Of
      the 53 cases, 12 were operated on using a traditional technique involving the
      closure of the perineal wound around a tube drain connected to an underwater
      seal, while in the remaining 41 the approach described here was used. Primary
      healing of the perineal wound with the later approach was obtained in about 88
      per cent. With the other technique the figures were 34 and 66 per cent
      respectively for early healing within 3 weeks and delayed healing between 3-8
      weeks. Primary healing of the perineal wound reduces the total stay in hospital
      and the morbidity.

PMID- 953452
TI  - Altered viscosity and yield stress in patients with abdominal malignancy:
      relationship to deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients undergoing laparotomy were studied. Blood viscosity at both
      high and low rates of shear and a yield stress index were measured preoperatively
      and correlated with the incidence of post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
      There was a correlation between a raised index of yield stress and the incidence
      of DVT. Patients with cancer had a very high incidence of postoperative DVT and a
      high index of yield stress.

PMID- 953453
TI  - "Hitch-hike" grafts for limb salvage in peripheral arterial disease.
AB  - A technique of arterial reconstruction suitable for patients with extensive
      arterial occlusions and for previous failed arterial surgery is described. The
      "hitch-hike" graft consists of a proximal limb of 6-mm velour Dacron prosthesis
      and a distal limb of autogenous vein. The intermediate prosthesis-to-vein
      anastomosis is made into an endarterectomized segment of upper popliteal artery.
      The results in the first 16 limbs are described. Eleven grafts are functioning
      from 2 to 14 months after operation and 5 of these have functioned for more than
      1 year. The advantages of the technique are: long arterial occlusions may be
      bridged; autogenous vein is used to cross the knee joint; good measured blood
      flows may be demonstrated at operation; acceptable patency rates may be obtained
      up to 1 year.

PMID- 953454
TI  - Simple mastectomy and pectoral node biopsy.
AB  - Evidence is presented to support the view that biopsy of the pectoral and
      axillary tail nodes obtained at simple (total) mastectomy gives a reliable
      estimate of axillary node status. The technique is described.

PMID- 953455
TI  - The relationship between thermographic findings and size and depth of tumour in
      carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Fifty thermograms of histologically proved breast carcinomas have been analysed
      without knowledge of the clinical or mammographic findings. Thermographic
      asymmetry between the breasts was found in 76 percent of the patients, but in
      only 64 per cent of the patients was the correct side indicated. Poor
      correlations has also been found between the thermographic findings and the size
      of a tumour and its distance from the skin.

PMID- 953456
TI  - Mortality of oesophagal surgery in the elderly.
AB  - The operative mortality in pulmonary surgery was found to be four times higher in
      patients aged above 70 compared with those below 65. A similar study has been
      carried out in patients undergoing oesophageal surgery. A corresponding increase
      in operative mortality with advancing age was not found in this group.
      Anastomotic leakage remains the most common cause of operative mortality, the
      incidence of which is no higher in the elderly, though they are more liable to
      general complications. The overall mortality figures are comparable. The surgical
      approach to carcinoma of the oesophagus must be radical, and advanced age should
      not be a reason for withholding surgery.

PMID- 953457
TI  - The effect of posture on the emptying of the intrathoracic vagotomized stomach.
AB  - Ten patients were studied at periods ranging from 6 months to 25 years after
      oesophagogastrostomy and gastric drainage. Gastric emptying studies and overnight
      gastric aspirates in both the supine and erect positions were carried out.
      Evidence was found in these patients of increased duodenogastric reflux and poor
      gastric emptying in the supine posture. All of the patients had gastritis, and
      some had gastric mucosal ulceration. These findings have led to the conclusion
      that in the supine posture the combination of duodenogastric reflux and poor
      gastric emptying leads to gastric mucosal damage.

PMID- 953458
TI  - The distribution and early morphology of the chronic gastric mucosal reaction.
AB  - The distribution of the chronic gastric mucosal reaction (CGMR) that resulted
      from the exposure of the mucosa to refluxing duodenal contents did not suggest
      that one area of the stomach was more susceptible than another. The earliest
      histological appearances of established CGMR as seen 3 months after surgery were
      epithelial proliferation and pseudy-pyloric metaplasia.

PMID- 953459
TI  - Is the lesser curvature an area especially susceptible to injury by duodenal
      contents?
AB  - The lesser curvature does not appear to be an area of increased susceptibility to
      injury. The fact that this is the usual area for the development of chronic
      gastric ulceration could in part be explained by reflux of duodenal contents
      along the lesser curvature.

PMID- 953460
TI  - The role of the pyloric antrum and Hofmeister value in the development of the
      chronic gastric mucosal reaction.
AB  - A limited chronic gastric mucosal reaction (CGMR) develops when duodenal contents
      enter the stomach with an intact pyloric antrum. However, after antrectomy the
      same stimulus leads to a widespread CGMR. The pyloric antrum, therefore, seems to
      influence the development of the CGMR. A Hofmeister valve included in a Polya
      gastrectomy does not prevent the development of the VGMR, presumably because
      reflux is not prevented.

PMID- 953461
TI  - Extragastric gastrinoma or G-cell hyperplasia of the antrum? The preoperative
      diagnosis in a case of hypergastrinaemia.
AB  - A patient is described with recurrent peptic ulceration, evidence of
      hypersecretion of gastric acid and excess circulating gastrin. The preoperative
      differentiation between extragastric "gastrinoma" and G-cell hyperplasia of the
      pyloric antrum as a source for the hypergastrinaemia can be made by
      immunofluorescent staining of an antral biopsy for "gastrin cells", and by
      measuring the response of the gastric antrum to an amino acid meal or secretion
      infusion stimulus. The site of excessive gastrin production determines the nature
      of the surgery required. A classification of recurrent peptic ulceration types is
      suggested.

PMID- 953462
TI  - The effect of metramide on the prolonged serum gastrin response to feeding
      observed in patients with duodenal ulcer.
AB  - The response of serum gastrin to a meal has been studied in 11 normal subjects
      and 16 patients with duodenal ulceration. The mean serum gastrin concentration
      rises after a meal to similar peak values in both normal subjects and duodenal
      ulcer patients, and fall to basal values with 3 hours in normal subjects. In
      duodenal ulcer patients the peak concentration is sustained throughout the 3 hour
      test period, and this response is not affected by the administration of
      Metiamide. It is concluded that the control of gastrin release is defective in
      duodenal ulceration, and this may be due to a failure of the antral pH feedback
      mechanism. Gastrin may be a primary pathogenetic factor in duodenal ulceration.

PMID- 953463
TI  - Cancer of the stomach: a review of 854 patients.
AB  - A review is presented of 854 patients suffering from cancer of the stomach who
      attended St Bartholomew's Hospital between 1948 and 1962. The presentations and
      methods of investigations showed little change over the 15-year period, which is
      similar to other large series. The symptoms of anaemia and indigestion appear to
      be paramount in making an early diagnosis, and negative barium meal studies
      should not be accepted when these two symptoms are present. There are indications
      that early laporotomy and a more aggressive surgical approach may increase the 5
      year survival rate.

PMID- 953464
TI  - Drug therapy for postragotomy gastric stasis.
AB  - An unusual but well-recognized complication of truncal vagotomy with a drainage
      procedure is severe gastric stasis (atony). In 6 patients presenting with this
      problem drug therapy was initiated after mechanical obstruction of the gastric
      outlet was excluded by radiology. Bethanechol chloride was successful in
      stimulating gastric peristalsis in all the patients, with consequent improvement
      of symptoms in 5 out of the 6 subjects. Metoclopramide alone was of no value in
      starting peristalsis but of pssible benefit once gastric motility had begun.

PMID- 953465
TI  - The relationship of plasma glucagon to the hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia
      of surgical operation.
AB  - In a controlled metabolic study of 42 patients undergoing abdominal surgery a
      significant increase in basal values of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) was found
      24 hours postoperatively. No correlation between the onset and duration of
      hyperglycaemia and the increase of IRG was observed. No increase in
      immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was seen during operation, but there was a rise 24
      hours postoperatively. The infusion of arginine was accompanied by a rise in IRG
      both pre-and postoperatively, but despite the high values obtained there was no
      accompanying further increase in basal plasma glucose in the postoperative
      situation. The pre- and postoperative IRI responses were similar. Our evidence
      suggests that glucagon is not a primary mediator of the stress response, or of
      the hyperglycaemia of surgical operation in these patients.

PMID- 953466
TI  - A conrolled trial of glucagon in experimental pancreatitis.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the value of glucagon infusion in pigs with
      experimental pancreatitis. The condition was induced by injection of bile into
      the pancreatic duct directly after intravenous injection of secretion.
      Macroscopic haemorrpagic pancreatitis ensued immediately, and was accompanied by
      a rise in the serum amylase of five to ten times. An experimental group of 15
      pigs was given glucagon by continous infusion for 18 hours beginning 18 hours
      after induction of pancreatitis. A control group was given intravenous saline.
      Fourteen of the 15 treated animals survived for 1 week and 3 died within 2 weeks,
      after which the remaining animals were sacrificed. Ten of the 15 controls died
      within the first week. Serum amylase levels in both groups began to decline when
      infusion was commenced, but levels in the treated group were significantly lower
      than in the controls. Autopsy showed prominent peripancreatic granulation tissue
      in the treated animals, a significant incidence of pericarditis in both groups
      and pancreatic pseudocysts in 3 controls and 1 treated animal. These results
      suggest that glucagon effectively reduced the mortality in pigs with experimental
      pancreatitis and that a controlled clinical trial of treatment is justified.

PMID- 953467
TI  - Ischaemic necrosis of the gallbladder following hepatic artery embolism.
AB  - A case of ischaemic necrosis of the gallbladder due to hepatic artery embolism
      diagnosed at operation and treated successfully by cholecystectomy and
      embolectomy is presented. The clinical and biochemical features are described,
      together with a short review of the literature.

PMID- 953468
TI  - Peicystogastrostomy: internal drainage in the treatment of certain hydatid cysts
      of the liver.
AB  - The effectiveness and simplicity of drainage of hydatid cysts of the liver into
      the digestive tract are demonstrated. A new technique, pericystogastrostomy, is
      described.

PMID- 953469
TI  - Cholecystostomy.
AB  - The role of cholecystostomy in the sugical treatment of gallstones has been
      considered. In a consecutive series of 558 patients who underwent surgery for
      gallstones, 30 (5-4 per cent) had cholecystostomy alone and a further 17 (3-1 per
      cent) cholecystostomy combined with exploration of the bile ducts.
      Cholecystostomy was done because cholecystectomy was technically very hazardous
      in 15 patients. In the remaining patients cholecystostomy was preferred to
      cholecystectomy because o f the poor general condition of the patient or the
      presence of pancreatitis. Of the 47 patients submitted to cholecystostomy, 2(4-2
      per cent) died postoeratively and 4(8-4 percent) subsequently underwent
      cholecystectomy. Of 24 patients who were available for long term follow-up, only
      1 patient had pain which was definitely considered to be due to gallstones,
      although 3 other patients also had abdominal pain, while 7 patients showed
      radiological evidience of gallstones. It is contended that cholecystostomy has a
      small but definite part to play in the immediate surgical treatment of gallstones
      and that the long term results of the operation are sufficiently good to justify
      its use in selected patients.

PMID- 953470
TI  - Intraperitoneal rupture ofhydronephrotic kidney.
AB  - Two cases of intraperitoneal rupture of hydronephrotic kidney are presented. The
      possibility of making a preoperative diagnosis and the type of management are
      discussed.

PMID- 953471
TI  - Follow-up study of left suprarenal to inferior mesenteric venous shunt for
      advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Major endocrine ablation therapy was carried out in 133 patients with advanced
      breast cancer. Of 40 patients undergoing left suprarenal to inferior mesenteric
      venous shunt with bilateral oophorectomy and right adrenalectomy, 16 cases (40
      per cent) had an objective response. The mean postoperative survival of the
      patients with a positive response, those showing some response and those who
      failed to respond was 35-8, 26-5 and 8-8 months respectively. Thus, the results
      of the present procedure are comparable to those of adrenalectomy. No replacement
      therapy with corticoids was necessary. An increase in the response rate and
      extension of the survival time can be expected with the addition of postoperative
      long term maintenance therapy with chemotherapeutic agents and androgens.

PMID- 953472
TI  - The haematological hazards of autotransfusion.
AB  - Fourteen heparinized dogs were autotransfused from 1-5 to 6 times calculated
      blood volume. Five animals retransfused 12 litres from an intraperitoneal bleed
      had marked decreases in all cellular elements, haematuria and a large (82
      percent) drop in fibrinogen. All these animals died within 12 hours and post
      mortem examination revealed evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.
      The dogs in which a smaller volume (3-6 litres) was recycled showed similar, but
      less devastating, changes. Haematocrit and platelet count dropped by a half and
      fibrinogen by 20 per cent. A leucocytosis of about 30 000/mm3 occurred within 24
      hours. Autotransfusion of salvaged blood which was not allowed extravascular
      tissue contact significantly lessened these adverse effects. We conclude that the
      risk of cellular destruction and defibrination in large volume intra-operative
      autotransfusion is significant and must be weighed against its potential benefits
      in each case, and that red cell and platelet damage results primarily from
      extravascular tissue contact and is therefore unavoidable.

PMID- 953473
TI  - Proceedings: Contraceptive steroids and breast cancer.

PMID- 953474
TI  - Proceedings: Cross-circulation experiments in dogs discerning the target organ of
      carbon monoxide intoxication.

PMID- 953475
TI  - Proceedings: Lymphographic studies of primary genital lymphoedema.

PMID- 953476
TI  - Proceedings: A urodynamic investigation of patients with problems after
      prostatectomy.

PMID- 953477
TI  - Proceedings: Surface micro-anatomy of rectal mucosa in proctitis.

PMID- 953478
TI  - Proceedings: The utility of arterial P(max) in continous patient monitoring.

PMID- 953479
TI  - Proceedings: Evidence for the existence of a fundic factor affecting antral
      permeability.

PMID- 953480
TI  - Proceedings: Hypergastrinaemia in renal failure: the biological significance of
      molecular forms of gastrin.

PMID- 953481
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of truncal vagotomy and drainage on the duodenal
      osmoreceptor control of gastric emptying.

PMID- 953482
TI  - Proceedings: The relationship between antral mucosal gastrin the release of
      antral gastrin by liver extract and bombesin, and acid secretion from separated
      antral pouches in dogs.

PMID- 953483
TI  - Proceedings: The use of 133Xe in the measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow in
      man.

PMID- 953484
TI  - Proceedings: Treatment of primary cancer of the breast: 10-yeat results.

PMID- 953485
TI  - Proceedings: Local Corynebacterium parvum therapy in early breast cancer.

PMID- 953486
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of oestrogen on the proliferation of monocyte/macrophage
      precursors in the bone marrow of mice.

PMID- 953487
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of Corynebacterium parvum on a subcutaneous tumour.

PMID- 953488
TI  - Proceedings: A comparison of tumour sensitivity to cytostatic agents during in
      vivo and in vitro culture.

PMID- 953489
TI  - Proceedings: Depressed lymphocyte transformation in breast cancer and macrophage
      infiltration of the primary growth.

PMID- 953490
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of N-acetyl cystine on the cystitis and cytotoxicity induced
      by cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 953491
TI  - Proceedings: Extravascular fibrin deposition in response to venous hypertension
      the cause of venous ulcers.

PMID- 953492
TI  - Proceedings: An objective assessment of profundaplasty.

PMID- 953493
TI  - Proceedings: The haemodynamic effect of papaverine in peripheral arterial
      disease.

PMID- 953494
TI  - Proceedings: The response of the peripheral circulation to an infusion of Dextran
      40.

PMID- 953495
TI  - Proceedings: Clinical improvement in peripheral circulation by controlled
      defibrinogenation.

PMID- 953496
TI  - Proceedings: Micropuncture study of electrolyte secretion in the cat pancreas.

PMID- 953497
TI  - Proceedings: Patterns of lysosomal enzyme release during in vitro kidney
      perfusion.

PMID- 953498
TI  - Proceedings: Hypocalcaemia of acute pancreatitis: the effect of hypoalbuminaemia.

PMID- 953499
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of ethanol on enzyme secretion from the rabbit pancreas
      in vitro.

PMID- 953500
TI  - Proceedings: The nature of hypocalcaemia in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 953501
TI  - Proceedings: High incidence of malnutrition is hospitalized surgical patients.

PMID- 953502
TI  - Proceedings: Blood viscosity, red cell flexibility and plasma fibrinogen in
      patients with angina.

PMID- 953503
TI  - Proceedings: Identification of bilary infection by preoperative duodenal
      aspiration.

PMID- 953504
TI  - Proceedings: Lithogenic bile: a study in women taking oral contraceptives.

PMID- 953505
TI  - Proceedings: Duration of prophylactic antibiotic cover against anaerobic sepsis
      in bowel surgery.

PMID- 953506
TI  - Proceedings: Anal pressures in haemorrhoids and anal fissure.

PMID- 953507
TI  - Proceedings: Re-examination of the response of the lower oesophageal high
      pressure zone to abdominal compression.

PMID- 953508
TI  - Proceedings: The estimation of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure by the
      station pull-through technique.

PMID- 953509
TI  - Proceedings: Immediate and delayed segmental reversal after massive small bowel
      resection.

PMID- 953510
TI  - Proceedings: Increased plasma pro-insulin following operation: a mechanism for
      insulin resistance.

PMID- 953511
TI  - Proceedings: The assessment of results of surgery for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 953512
TI  - Proceedings: The stength of the colon wall in diverticular disease.

PMID- 953513
TI  - Proceedings: The relationship between insulin and growth hormone before, during
      and after minor surgery.

PMID- 953514
TI  - Proceedings: Compartmental analysis of the plasma clearance of tetra- and di
      bromsulphthalein.

PMID- 953515
TI  - Proceedings: Hypophosphataemia: a complication of "innocuous" dextrose-saline.

PMID- 953516
TI  - Proceedings: Fibrinolytic capacity after surgical operation.

PMID- 953517
TI  - Proceedings: Patterns of secretion and interrelationship testosterone and
      luteinizing hormone after surgical stress.

PMID- 953518
TI  - Proceedings: Reduction of the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs
      by intermittent compression of the arms.

PMID- 953519
TI  - Proceedings: Femoral vein thrombosis and total hip replacement arthroplasty.

PMID- 953520
TI  - Proceedings: A trial of alternative methods of postoperative case after
      operations for hernia or varicose veins.

PMID- 953521
TI  - Proceedings: Peritonitis induced by starch glove powder immunized guinea-pigs.

PMID- 953522
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of a portacaval shunt on ammonia absorption from the
      canine colon.

PMID- 953523
TI  - Proceedings: The mechanism of acute respiratory insufficiency in acute
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 953524
TI  - Editorial: Management of motor neurone disease.

PMID- 953525
TI  - Editorial: Migrants and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 953526
TI  - Editorial: Glutethimide--an unsafe alternative to barbiturate hypnotics.

PMID- 953527
TI  - Editorial: Reacting to autistic children.

PMID- 953528
TI  - Editorial: Priorities and morale in the NHS.

PMID- 953529
TI  - Changes of smoking habits and cough in men smoking cigarettes with 30% NSM
      tobacco substitute.
AB  - The effects of smoking cigarettes with 30% of the tobacco replaced by NSM tobacco
      substitute, which lowered their tar and nicotine delivery, were studied by
      comparing them with the effects of conventional cigarettes in a controlled
      crossover trial lasting 20 months. Chest symptoms, cigarette consumption, and
      forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured each month. Two
      hundred men began the trial and 159 completed it. The test cigarettes were
      acceptable to all but one of the men. In a subsample of 35 men estimates of
      nicotine intake were obtained from monthly analyses of cigarette stubs. On
      changing from NSM to control cigarettes six of the 17 men, who were accustomed to
      low nicotine, kept their nicotine intake down by some change in smoking habit.
      Before the crossover and this change in smoking habit the men smoking NSM
      cigarettes had a small but significant reduction of cough. Cigarettes containing
      30% NSM and delivering only 1 mg of nicotine are likely to be acceptable to
      smokers and may reduce coughing. Further trials are needed to confirm these
      findings and establish what long-term effects such cigarettes may have on
      smokers' health.

PMID- 953530
TI  - Low-tar medium-nicotine cigarettes: a new approach to safer smoking.
AB  - The logic of expecting people who cannot stop smoking to switch to cigarettes
      that have hardly any nicotine is questionable. Tar and nicotine yields of
      cigarettes available in Britain today correlate 0-93, and further reduction of
      tar intake is limited by the reluctance of smokers to tolerate similar reductions
      in nicotine. A new approach would be to aim at lowering tar yields of cigarettes
      from the present average of 18 mg to around 6 mg but maintaining nicotine yields
      at around 1-0 to 1-2 mg, which would be acceptable to most smokers. This approach
      requires that emphasis be placed on tar: nicotine ratios as well as on the
      absolute yields. These ratios for brands on sale in Britain today average 14-2
      and range from 9-6 to 20-8. They provide an additional guide for comparing the
      relative harmfulness of different brands. For example, 35% of cigarette smokers
      in Britain smoke either Embassy Filter or Players No 6 Filter; by changing to
      John Player Carlton King Size they could reduce their tar intake by more than 20%
      without having to suffer any nicotine deprivation.

PMID- 953531
TI  - Ultrasonic monitoring of fetal respiratory movement.
AB  - Ultrasonic monitoring of fetal respiratory movement including velocity
      measurements is described. Both proximal and distal walls of the fetal chest are
      imaged simultaneously. The time-position mode clearly defines fetal respiratory
      movement and rejects artefacts.

PMID- 953532
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome, humeral epicondylitis, and the cervical spine: a study of
      clinical and dimensional relations.
AB  - Forty-three patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, confirmed by nerve
      conduction studies and treated by surgery, were compared clinically and
      radiologically with 43 age- and sex-matched control patients. Patients with
      carpal tunnel syndrome had a significantly greater prevalence of lateral humeral
      epicondylitis (tennis elbow) (33%) than controls (7%). Randomised reading of the
      cervical spine radiographs in ignorance of the groups to which they belonged
      showed no significant difference in the prevalence of either intervertebral disc
      degeneration or intraforaminal osteophyte protruion using conventional grading
      methods. Measurement of the minimum anteroposterior diameter of the cervical
      spinal canal, the anteroposterior diameters of the cervical vertebral bodies, and
      the ratio of intervertebral disc height to adjacent vertebral body height in the
      cervical spine, however, showed a consistent trend to smaller measurements in the
      carpal tunnel group. Differences were significant at several vertebral levels in
      each of these dimensions. The narrowing of the intervertebral discs relative to
      the vertebral bodies in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome may indicate
      connective tissue changes, which might also occur in the common extensor origin
      at the elbow or in the contents of the carpal tunnel.

PMID- 953533
TI  - Disintegration of cellulose dressings in open granulating wounds.

PMID- 953534
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in a patient with meningococcal disease.

PMID- 953535
TI  - Management of psychiatric problems in a Kenyan mission hospital.
AB  - Many psychiatric conditions are found in the rural general hospital in Kenya and
      are recognisable and manageable along standard Western lines. An essential
      element in management is the training of the nursing staff. The psychiatric
      patient should be actively managed and can benefit from the unsophisticated
      treatment possible at the mission hospital.

PMID- 953536
TI  - A question of conscience.

PMID- 953537
TI  - IV--Standard deviation (concluded).

PMID- 953538
TI  - Bright Report.

PMID- 953539
TI  - Letter: Can geriatrics survive?

PMID- 953540
TI  - Letter: Breast-feeding: the immunological argument.

PMID- 953541
TI  - Letter: Establishment of lactation.

PMID- 953543
TI  - Letter: Encouraging breast-feeding.

PMID- 953542
TI  - Letter: Bottle-feeding.

PMID- 953544
TI  - Letter: Childhood accidents.

PMID- 953545
TI  - Letter: Drinking drivers and the law.

PMID- 953546
TI  - Letter: Intermittent claudication complicating beta-blockade.

PMID- 953547
TI  - Letter: What do community physicians do?

PMID- 953548
TI  - Letter: Older smokers.

PMID- 953549
TI  - Letter: Fetomaternal haemorrhage and fetofetal transfusion syndrome.

PMID- 953550
TI  - Letter: Ischaemic heart disease in epileptics.

PMID- 953551
TI  - Letter: Temperature rhythm in manic-depressive illness.

PMID- 953552
TI  - Letter: Vitamin C and the common cold.

PMID- 953553
TI  - Confidentiality for informants.

PMID- 953554
TI  - Editorial: Treating breast cancer--true light or false dawn?

PMID- 953555
TI  - Editorial: Additives to intravenous fluids.

PMID- 953556
TI  - Editorial: Vaccination against swine influenza.

PMID- 953557
TI  - Editorial: Tuberculosis in corticosteroid-treated asthmatics.

PMID- 953558
TI  - Editorial: Management of diabetic pregnancy.

PMID- 953559
TI  - Editorial: Cuts and morale.

PMID- 953560
TI  - Breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections.
AB  - Eight out of 115 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial (RS)
      virus infection had been breast-fed compared with 46 out of 167 controls; this
      difference was statistically significant. Twenty-one specimens of human colostrum
      were examined, and all contained RS virus neutralising activity. Specific IgA and
      IgG were detected in 18 specimens, whereas IgM was detected in none. The titre of
      IgA antibody was usually higher and correlated more closely to the titre of
      neutralising activity than that of IgG. Infants inhale milk feeds and regurgitate
      them through the nose, and the IgA collecting in the respiratory tract might
      protect against severe respiratory infection. Alternatively, if severe RS virus
      illness is a sign of hypersensitivity to the virus breast-feeding might protect
      the infant from an early sensitising infection.

PMID- 953561
TI  - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity for kidney cells in renal tubular acidosis of autoimmune
      liver disease.
AB  - Sensitisation to a renal tubular antigen, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, has been
      shown to be common in patients with renal tubular acidosis complicating
      autoimmune liver disease, and it has been suggested that this immune reaction, by
      damaging renal tubular cells, might be responsible for the acidification defect.
      The lymphocytes from 10 out of 13 patients with chronic active hepatitis or
      primary biliary cirrhosis and an associated renal tubular acidosis were shown to
      be cytotoxic for a kidney cell line known to secrete Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein.
      The cytotoxic reaction was blocked by this antigen, but not by two other
      proteins, indicating that sensitisation to the renal glycoprotein was the likely
      cause of the target cell damage. Significant reduction in cytotoxicity after the
      addition of aggregated IgG suggested that the reaction was of the antibody
      dependent cell-mediated type. These results, together with the finding of
      antigenic material in the surface membrane of liver cells that cross reacts
      immunologically with Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, provide an explanation for the
      association between chronic liver disease and renal tubular dysfunction.

PMID- 953562
TI  - Gore-tex: a new prosthesis for vascular access.

PMID- 953563
TI  - Continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen tension.

PMID- 953564
TI  - Compression of median nerve at elbow.

PMID- 953565
TI  - Severe hypertension produced by interaction of phenylpropanolamine with
      methyldopa and oxprenolol.

PMID- 953566
TI  - Detection of urinary amyloid in familial Mediterranean fever.

PMID- 953567
TI  - An extraordinary fluctuating paediatric illness.

PMID- 953568
TI  - XI--The t tests.

PMID- 953569
TI  - Half-way house in geriatric practice.

PMID- 953570
TI  - Letter: Heat prostration in children with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 953571
TI  - Letter: Cardiac muscle relaxation in hypothyroidism.

PMID- 953572
TI  - Letter: Accidents on holiday.

PMID- 953573
TI  - Letter: Incidence of dermographism.

PMID- 953574
TI  - Letter: Urinary retention in women.

PMID- 953575
TI  - Letter: Vitamin A and lung cancer.

PMID- 953576
TI  - Letter: Adverse reactions to practolol.

PMID- 953577
TI  - Letter: Compensation for drug side effects.

PMID- 953578
TI  - Letter: Effects of legal termination on subsequent pregnancy.

PMID- 953579
TI  - Letter: Reducing outpatient attendances.

PMID- 953580
TI  - Letter: Carpal tunnel syndrome and tennis elbow.

PMID- 953581
TI  - Letter: Bromocriptine and breast cancer.

PMID- 953582
TI  - Letter: Eggs and hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 953583
TI  - Letter: High-dose corticosteroids in severe acute asthma.

PMID- 953584
TI  - Letter: Rubella antibody tests in pregnancy.

PMID- 953585
TI  - Letter: Nitrazepam and diazepam.

PMID- 953586
TI  - Letter: Alternatives to barbiturate hypnotics.

PMID- 953587
TI  - Letter: Child-resistant containers and child poisoning.

PMID- 953588
TI  - Letter: Craniopharyngiomas.

PMID- 953589
TI  - Letter: Hazards of modern competitive tennis.

PMID- 953590
TI  - Letter: Sexual problems clinic.

PMID- 953591
TI  - Letter: Extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

PMID- 953592
TI  - Letter: Doctors, contraception, and sterilisation.

PMID- 953593
TI  - Letter: Dosage of neomycin sulphate.

PMID- 953594
TI  - Consent and intrauterine contraception.

PMID- 953595
TI  - Editorial: Lung cancer and smoking: is there proof?

PMID- 953596
TI  - Editorial: Low spirits after virus infections.

PMID- 953598
TI  - Editorial: Food and nutrition policies.

PMID- 953597
TI  - Editorial: Children with appendicitis.

PMID- 953599
TI  - Editorial: Metabolic bone disease in Asians.

PMID- 953600
TI  - Editorial: Replacement of the knee joint.

PMID- 953601
TI  - Editorial: An ulcer in the family.

PMID- 953602
TI  - Oral contraceptive use in older women and fatal myocardial infarction.
AB  - A previous study of women who had died from myocardial infarction and of a
      control group of women matched with them for age suggested a fivefold increase in
      the risk of death from myocardial infarction among users of oral contraceptive
      aged 40-44 years compared with women not using such preparations. Only a small
      proportion of women in the infarction and control groups had used oral
      contraceptives, however, so the margin of error was wide. We therefore
      investigated a further 54 women in this age group who died from myocardial
      infarction and compared their oral contraceptive histories with those of age
      matched, living controls. Combination of the findings from the present
      investigation with the previous results have enabled a revised estimate of a
      threefold increase in risk to be made. Although this risk estimate is similar to
      that previously shown for a younger age group, the total mortality attributable
      to complications associated with the use of oral contraceptives remained
      considerably greater among women over the age of 40.

PMID- 953603
TI  - First electrocardiogram in recent myocardial infarction.
AB  - The admission electrocardiogram (ECG) was studied in 898 patients admitted to a
      coronary care unit over two years. The diagnosis made from this tracing was
      compared with that made at the end of the patient's stay. About half the cases of
      recent myocardial infarct were diagnosed from the admission ECG, but accuracy
      rose to 83% with serial ECG's in the unit. The ECG is important but not entirely
      reliable in the early detection of acute myocardial infarction, which should be
      largely a clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 953604
TI  - The elderly in a coronary unit.
AB  - The clinical features of myocardial infarction were compared in 104 patients over
      the age of 70 and 399 younger patients admitted to a coronary care unit. Absence
      of an age bar at 70 years has increased the number of admission to the unit by
      24%, and the number of patients with proved infarcts by 26%. Severe complications
      are more common and mortality is doubled in the elderly. Although immediate
      management of primary ventricular fibrillation is as successful in older as in
      younger patients, treatment of the elderly with less dramatic conditions is less
      successful. The elderly survivors tend to spend longer in the coronary unit and
      subsequently in the general medical ward.

PMID- 953605
TI  - Hodgkin's disease presenting with hypoadrenalism.

PMID- 953606
TI  - Relationship between mood disturbances and free and total plasma tryptophan in
      postpartum women.

PMID- 953607
TI  - Desensitisation in a patient with chronic renal disease and severe allergy to
      allopurinol.

PMID- 953609
TI  - XIV--The chi tests.

PMID- 953608
TI  - Value of renal biopsy in acute intrinsic renal failure.
AB  - Eighty-four patients presented with acute renal failure and features suggesting a
      diagnosis of intrinsic renal disease other than "acute reversible renal failure."
      Renal biopsy proved valuable in establishing the diagnosis, in indicating the
      reversibility of the lesion, and in helping to decide on treatment.

PMID- 953610
TI  - Health care in Ontario.

PMID- 953611
TI  - Cost of management of patients with haemophilia.
AB  - The cost of managing 114 adult haemophiliacs in the west of Scotland was assessed
      for the period 1 March 1971 to 28 February 1974. Altogether 23 of them (20%)
      accounted for 80% of the resources used. The cost of hospital treatment of these
      patients during the period was compared with the predicted cost of home
      treatment, given the availability of freeze-dried factor VIII concentrate in
      sufficient amounts. We calculate that adequate on-demand home treatment would
      cost only 16% more than the present treatment, which is substantially less
      efficient.

PMID- 953612
TI  - Letter: Priorities in the NHS.

PMID- 953613
TI  - Letter: Antipyrine half life and clearance in clinical practice.

PMID- 953614
TI  - Letter: Sociological factors and female Olympic potential.

PMID- 953615
TI  - Letter: Anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 953616
TI  - Letter: Confidence limits.

PMID- 953617
TI  - Letter: Accidental injection of Immobilon.

PMID- 953618
TI  - Enterotoxinogenic bacteria in Africa.

PMID- 953619
TI  - Letter: Dosage of neomycin sulphate.

PMID- 953620
TI  - Letter: Early gastric cancer.

PMID- 953621
TI  - Heat wave deaths and drugs affecting temperature regulation.

PMID- 953622
TI  - Thyrotoxic vomiting.

PMID- 953624
TI  - Letter: Anginal pain in a phantom limb.

PMID- 953623
TI  - Letter: Additives to intravenous fluids.

PMID- 953625
TI  - Letter: Suicide with tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 953627
TI  - The geriatric ward and the patient.

PMID- 953626
TI  - Letter: Toxicity of paracetamol in children.

PMID- 953628
TI  - Letter: Alchoholism: wet hostels.

PMID- 953629
TI  - Letter: New look at malaria.

PMID- 953630
TI  - Letter: Sedatives for alcoholics.

PMID- 953631
TI  - Letter: Seizures and metolazone.

PMID- 953632
TI  - Letter: Abortion and maternal deaths.

PMID- 953633
TI  - Letter: Febrile fits.

PMID- 953635
TI  - Letter: Economy in prescribing.

PMID- 953634
TI  - Letter: Raynaud's disease and the oral contraceptive pill.

PMID- 953636
TI  - Letter: Dangers of tinted glasses for driving.

PMID- 953637
TI  - Letter: Elderly mentally ill.

PMID- 953638
TI  - Editorial: Perforated duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 953639
TI  - Editorial: Patients' days.

PMID- 953640
TI  - Editorial: Prostatic cancer: policies ofr progress.

PMID- 953641
TI  - Editorial: Psoriatic arthritis: to lump or to split?

PMID- 953642
TI  - Editorial: Cigarette smoking in pregnancy.

PMID- 953643
TI  - Editoral: Cough suppressants for children.

PMID- 953645
TI  - Editorial: Training for the social services.

PMID- 953644
TI  - Editorial: Hypospadias.

PMID- 953646
TI  - Mountain sickness, retinal haemorrhages, and acclimatisation on Mount Everest in
      1975.
AB  - During the 1975 British Everest Expedition, which made the first ascent of the
      south-west face, observations were made in relation to mountain sickness and the
      appearance of retinal changes. Two Sherpas with cerebral oedema and one Briton
      with pulmonary oedema were treated. Retinal haemorrhages occurred in four out of
      six Britons who were newcomers to altitudes over 6000 m (19 685 ft) but in only
      two out of 14 Britons who had previously visited these altitudes. Intraocular
      pressures during ascent to 6000 m were within normal limits. The relevance of the
      ocular findings to acclimatisation in previous years was examined, the results
      supporting the hypothesis of a "carry-over" effect from previous visits to high
      altitude.

PMID- 953647
TI  - Postoperative hypoglycaemia in small children.
AB  - Six of 57 children under 4 years old became hypoglycaemic during postoperative
      recovery from various surgical procedures. Fluids either by mouth or
      intravenously did not always prevent this. Children at risk could not be
      predicted on the basis of age or weight-for-age. Small children should be fed as
      soon as practicable after operations, preferably with milk.

PMID- 953648
TI  - Completeness of statutory notification for acute bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Several different sources of data, including statutory notifications, were used
      to identify cases of acute bacterial meningitis in childhood in a defined
      population. Only half the cases of meningococcal meningitis and less than one
      quarter of ofther types of bacterial meningitis had been notified. Notified cases
      differed from the remainder with respect to causative organism, age, outcome, and
      type of hospital of admission. Thus notifications are an unreliable measure of
      incidence for this disease, and studies of infectious disease based on notified
      cases alone should be interpreted with considerable reserve. It is suggested that
      infectious-disease surveillance should be both clinical and microbiological and
      that data from different sources need to co-ordinated. The reason for reporting
      each disease (or organism) should be specified and and reviewed periodically.

PMID- 953649
TI  - Simplified ECG monitoring with an electrode mat.

PMID- 953650
TI  - Seasonal allergic symptoms due to fungal spores.

PMID- 953651
TI  - Prazosin: severe side effects are dose-dependent.

PMID- 953652
TI  - A general practitioner in an ophthalmology accident and emergency department.
AB  - After a short period of intensive training, a general practitioner successfully
      replaced a senior house officer (SHO) in the accident and emergency department of
      an eye hospital on one morning a week for a year. An unbiased observer compared
      the performance of the general practitioner after one year with that of a full
      time SHO who had had 17 months' experience; their performances were about equal.
      Although a sessional general practitioner costs about 28% more than an SHO, the
      real cost is much less because undue length of service as an SHO or change to
      another specialty (because of the SHO surplus) delays achievement of a permanent
      grade. Continuity is a great advantage of the general practitioner. Replacement
      of some SHOs by general practitioners would reduce the surplus of SHOs with poor
      promotion prospects. The commonest diagnoses were Meibomian cysts (18%), corneal
      foreign bodies (20%), corneal abrasions (12%), and conjunctivitis (8%).

PMID- 953653
TI  - Emergency medical care.
AB  - A survey carried out over five periods between 1973 and 1975 to study the mode of
      referral of emergency medical patients to a district general hospital showed
      that, out of a total of 2511 patients, 51% referred themselves, 40-8% were
      referred by general practitioners, and only 4-7% by doctors employed by the
      emergency treatment service. Of the 1720 patients admitted to the medical wards,
      50-9% were referred by general practitioners and 37-3% were self-referred while
      the corresponding figures for the 791 not admitted were 19% and 80-7%
      respectively. Two-thirds of the self-referred patients came from their own homes,
      usually by ambulance ordered by a "999" emergency call. The figures were similar
      in each of the five periods.

PMID- 953654
TI  - Statistics at square one. XV--The chi-squared tests (continued).

PMID- 953656
TI  - Twenty years on.

PMID- 953655
TI  - Hospital life a century ago.

PMID- 953657
TI  - Letter: Candida albicans and polyene antibiotics.

PMID- 953659
TI  - Letter: Thyrotoxic vomiting.

PMID- 953658
TI  - Letter: Community medicine.

PMID- 953660
TI  - Letter: Management of diabetic pregnancy.

PMID- 953661
TI  - Letter: Urinary retention in women.

PMID- 953663
TI  - Letter: Consent and intrauterine contraception.

PMID- 953662
TI  - Letter: Abortion and maternal deaths.

PMID- 953664
TI  - Letters: Uraemic bullae.

PMID- 953665
TI  - Letter: Carpal tunnel syndrome and tennis elbow.

PMID- 953666
TI  - Letter: Hypophosphataemic osteomalacia in patients receiving haemodialysis.

PMID- 953667
TI  - Letter: Myocardial bleeding in haemophilia.

PMID- 953668
TI  - Letter Oesophageal cancer.

PMID- 953669
TI  - Letter: Preventive nutrition.

PMID- 953670
TI  - Letter: The placenta as an immunological barrier.

PMID- 953671
TI  - Letter: Doctors, contraception, and sterilisation.

PMID- 953672
TI  - Letter: Epilepsy and the pill.

PMID- 953673
TI  - Letter: Oral irritation with gentian violet.

PMID- 953674
TI  - Letter: Platelet and coagulation studies in patients treated with bromocriptine.

PMID- 953675
TI  - Letter: Atmospheric pollution by anaesthetic agents.

PMID- 953676
TI  - Letter: Hazards of smallpox vaccination.

PMID- 953677
TI  - Letter: Medical manpower and hospital staffing.

PMID- 953678
TI  - Letter: Industrial action.

PMID- 953679
TI  - Editorial: Staphylococcal mastitis.

PMID- 953680
TI  - The disease handicap to animal production. III.

PMID- 953681
TI  - Age related changes in body water distribution of neonatal pigs.

PMID- 953682
TI  - The carriage of beta-haemolytic streptococci by healthy pigs.

PMID- 953683
TI  - Biochemical aspects of cobalt deficiency in sheep with special reference to
      vitamin status and a possible involvement in the aetiology of cerebrocortical
      necrosis.

PMID- 953684
TI  - The intestinal parasites of the red fox in south west Wales.

PMID- 953685
TI  - Fascioliasis and salmonellosis in African elephants in captivity.

PMID- 953686
TI  - Binding of antibiotics to dry udder secretion and to udder tissue homogenates.

PMID- 953687
TI  - A review of the  advantages and disadvantages of castrating farm livestock with
      particular reference to behavioural effects.

PMID- 953688
TI  - Studies of neonatal calf diarrhoea. VI Serum and faecal immune globulin in calves
      with mixed infections.

PMID- 953689
TI  - [Pathways and ascending vestibular projections emanating from primary nuclei:
      radioautographic study (author's transl)].
AB  - A study of the pathways and ascending vestibular projections was carried out in
      the cat after unilateral injection of tritiated leucine into the rostral
      vestibular complex. Radioautographic analysis revealed a gradual decline in the
      density of labeling as ascending fibers were found to progress towards more
      rostral relays. The pathways and projections were very compact in the oculomotor
      nuclei, became less intense in the Cajal and Darkschewitsch nuclei, and thinned
      out considerably until they reached a transitional zone in the thalamus between
      the ventrobasal and ventrolateral complexes. These results confirm established
      and previous findings in this laboratory obtained by neurophysiological and
      neurohistological examination procedures. They provide the first anatomical
      evidence concerning the existence of vestibulothalamic projections and pathways.

PMID- 953690
TI  - GM2 ganglioside in fetal Tay-Sachs disease brain cultures: a model system for the
      disease.
AB  - Cultured cells derived from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) fetal cerebellum were shown
      to accumulate GM2 ganglioside when compared with control cultures. In contrast,
      fibroblasts derived from TSD fetal lung do not contain GM2. GM2 was identified by
      thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC).
      Unlike fetal TSD brain, the cell cultures established from fetal TSD brain have
      high concentrations of globoside and GD3 and little or no asialo GM2(GA2). The
      GM2 and related glycosphingolipids in these cultured cells contain a high
      percentage of C24:0 and C24:1 fatty acids. In spite of these differences, this
      TSD cell strain is unique in that it accumulates GM2, and can therefore serve as
      a useful in vitro model for the study of TSD.

PMID- 953691
TI  - Neurochemical aspects of the ontogenesis of GABAnergic neurons in the rat brain.
AB  - Examination of various biochemical characteristics of the GABAnergic nervous
      system in the rat brain was made between 15 days of gestation and adulthood. At
      birth, the concentration of GABA in whole brain and most regions is approximately
      50% of adult levels, whereas the medulla-pons has achieved adult levels by this
      time. Compared to GABA levels, there is a marked lag in the development of the
      activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase in all areas studied; however, the
      activity of the enzyme increases in a linear fashion from birth to adulthood. The
      development of the uptake of GABA into particulate fractions prepared from whole
      brain and regions differs markedly from that of GABA and glutamic acid
      decarboxylase, with uptake near adult levels by birth, peaking considerably above
      that of the adult between one to two weeks after birth and then declining toward
      adult activity by 4 weeks after birth. Examination of the kinetics of GABA uptake
      into resuspended P2 fractions demonstrates that the developmental changes in the
      uptake reflects differences in the Vmax whereas the Kt remains constant; Studies
      on the development of the apparent postsynaptic receptor for GABA reveals that in
      all regions binding is approximately 25% of adult up to 8 days after birth, at
      which time it increases dramatically, approximating adult levels by 4 weeks after
      birth. The rise in the density of the apparent postsynaptic GABA receptor after 8
      days postpartum correlates best with the increase in the activity of glutamic
      acid decarboxylase, a presynaptic marker.

PMID- 953692
TI  - [Postnatal maturation of vestibular nuclei in the cat: histological study by the
      Golgi-Cox method (author's transl)].
AB  - Postnatal maturation of vestibular nuclei in the cat was studied from both the
      qualitative and quantitative points of view, following impregnation of the
      sections by the Golgi-Cox method. Three principal data arise from our results.
      (1) The different vestibular neurones undergo significant growth during the first
      two weeks of extra-uterine life: during this time, the progressive disappearance
      of dendritic growth cones and filopodia, an increase in area and volume of the
      perikarya as well as that of dendritic fields are remarkable; the smallest
      neurones completing their maturation before the largest. (2) Average sized
      neurones of the superior vestibular nucleus show a significant increase in the
      number of dendritic spines between birth and the age of 3 days. (3) On the 12th
      day, a decrease in the number of dendritic spines is noted. This decrease is
      accompagnied by a modification in spine density along the dendrites.

PMID- 953693
TI  - Binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to chick sympathetic ganglia: properties of the
      receptor and its rate of appearance during developement.
AB  - Studies were carried out on the binding of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBT) to
      membrane fragments of chick sympathetic ganglia. Specific binding of toxin was
      saturable with a KD of 1.1 nM. The rates of association and dissociation of the
      toxin from ganglionic membranes were 4.3 X 10(4) M-1 sec-1 and 4.6 X 10(-5) sec-1
      (t 1/2 = 4.2 h). respectively. Binding was inhibited (by up to 95%) by low
      concentrations of nicotinic, but not by a muscarinic cholinergic ligand. The
      properties of the ganglionic binding site for alphaBT were consistent with its
      being a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The development of toxin receptors in
      chick ganglia was also studied. From days 7 to 11 in ovo, few receptors were
      present; from days 12 to 20 in ovo, there was a 10-fold increase in receptor
      number per ganglion; from hatching to maturity, the receptor number per ganglion
      slowly increased and reached a maximum of 14 fmoles. The ontogeny of receptors
      for alphaBT in sympathetic ganglia appears to correlate with the cytological
      maturation and innervation of the principal neurons.

PMID- 953694
TI  - The head extractions, brain and pituitary uptake and metabolism of progesterone
      and 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone in anesthetized, female rabbits.
AB  - Three days after ovariectomy adult female rabbits were injected intramuscularly
      with either 2 mug estradiol/kg b.w., 0.5 mg progesterone/kg b.w., 2 mug estradiol
      plus 0.5 mg progesterone/kg b.w., or oil vehicle daily for 5 days. On the sixth
      day the animals were anesthetized and given a continuous infusion of
      [14C]progesterone and [3H]5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (5alpha-DHP) for 4 h via the
      femoral vein. Head extractions, calculated from the difference in blood
      concentrations of radioactive steriods between the femoral artery and jugular
      vein, were in the range of 60-75% for both progesterone and 5alpha-DHP and were
      unaffected by the hormone treatments. Nine brain areas and the pituitary were
      analyzed for [14C]progesterone, [3H]5alpha-DHP and [14C]-5alpha-DHP. Generally,
      the brain and pituitary retention and distribution of [14C]progesterone and
      [3H]5alpha-DHP and the brain and pituitary metabolism of [14C]progesterone were
      unaffected by hormone treatments. In the cerebellum, progesterone treatment
      increased [14C]progesterone retention as compared to oil treatment. All tissues
      contained 2-7 times more [14C]progesterone than arterial blood concentrations.
      [3H]5alpha-DHP tissue: arterial blood concentrations ratios were much lower
      ranging from 0.9 to 1.78. [14C]progesterone and [3H]5alpha-DHP showed similar
      brain distribution with highest concentrations in the pons, pons reticulum and
      midbrain reticulum. All tissues converted progesterone to 5alpha-DHP, but only
      the cerebellum contained more [14C]5alpha-DHP than [14C]progesterone.

PMID- 953695
TI  - AChE-positive and -negative motoneurones in the spinal cord of Sternarchus
      albifrons.

PMID- 953696
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the anomalous corticorubral projection following
      neonatal lesions in the albino rat.

PMID- 953697
TI  - Tonotopic organization in the avian telencephalon.

PMID- 953698
TI  - Reward related neurons in cat association cortex.

PMID- 953699
TI  - Perimetric analysis of binocular and monocular visual fields in Siamese cats.

PMID- 953700
TI  - Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and bradykinin in cat dorsal horn neurones
      activated by noxious stimuli.

PMID- 953701
TI  - Phylogenetic distribution of a morphine-like peptide 'enkephalin'.

PMID- 953702
TI  - Analysis of lipid components in organotypic cultures of cerebellum during
      development.

PMID- 953703
TI  - Intraspinal glutamic decarboxylase distribution after transection of the cord as
      the thoracic level.

PMID- 953704
TI  - Inhibitory potentials produced in cortical cells by stimulation of the lateral
      hypothalamus in rabbits.
AB  - (1) Intracellular potentials were recorded from pyramidal tract (PT) and non
      pyramidal tract (non-PT) cells of the frontal cortex in urethane-anesthetized
      rabbits and the effects of electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus
      (LH) were examined on the ipsilateral side. (2) Latencies of antidromic spikes of
      PT cells evoked by stimulation of the medullary pyramidal tract (PYR) had a
      unimodal distribution with the mean at 4.0 msec. The mean conduction velocity of
      the pyramidal tract fibers was 10.5 m/sec. (3) Prolonged IPSPs were produced in
      PT and non-PT cells by single shock stimulation of LH (LH-IPSP). They were
      significantly longer lasting than those produced by PYR stimulation (PYR-IPSP).
      (4) The latencies of LH-IPSPs ranged from 1.7 to 25.0 msec and were divided into
      two groups. The latencies of PYR-IPSPs had a unimodal distribution ranging from
      2.5 to 30 msec. (5) In a few non-PT cells, a sequence of brief depolarization and
      prolonged hyperpolarization occurred in response to LH stimulation. (6) In some
      non-PT cells, EPSPs which occasionally resulted in spike discharges were observed
      after LH stimulation. However, no excitation of PT cells was observed by LH
      stimulation.

PMID- 953705
TI  - Reticular suppression of flash-evoked IPSPs in visual cortex neurons.
AB  - In a majority of visual cortex (VC) neurons recorded intracellularly in
      chronically implanted rabbits, light flashes evoked responses consisting of
      protracted IPSPs (duration 160-200 msec) followed in some cases by a rebound.
      Inhibition of spontaneous activity through high frequency reticular stimulation
      (MRF) or through presentations of non-visual arousing stimuli, was not associated
      with strong hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. Reticular stimulation evoking
      both activation and inhibition of spontaneous neuronal activity elicited
      attenuation or complete elimination elimination (disinhibition) of flash-evoked
      protracted IPSPs and of the postinhibitory rebounds. Rhythmic neuronal discharges
      elicited by stimulation of the visual pathway was also reduced during reticular
      activation, due to attenuation of the IPSP-rebound sequence.

PMID- 953706
TI  - Catecholamines released from cerebral cortex in the cat; decrease during sensory
      stimulation.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the functional role of catecholamine (CA) nerve
      terminals in cerebral cortex the release of endogenous norepinephrine (NE) and
      dopamine (DA) into superfusates from visual and somatosensory cortex of the cat
      have been measured by a sensitive radiometric enzymatic assay based on the
      methylation of CA by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in the presence of a
      [3H]-methyl donor and followed by resolution of 3H derivatives through a series
      of organic extractions. In the flaxedilized animal maintained under local
      anaesthesia with artificial respiration the concentration of CA measured in 30
      min superfusates was fairly constant in a given experiment under basal conditions
      without sensory stimulation, but varied widely from one experiment to another.
      Variations in NE were often independent of those for DA. For visual cortex the
      average basal release of NE in experiments was 20.09 +/- 3.64 pg/min/sq.cm while
      the average for DA was 34.01 +/- 7.62 pg/min/sq.cm. In all experiments
      intermittent visual stimulation (15/sec) produced a significant reduction in
      release rate averaging about 42% for NE and 64% for DA in visual cortex. The
      reduction was relatively non-specific since visual or somatic sensory stimulation
      produced a decrease in release from both visual and somatic sensory cortical
      areas. Since it has been shown that there is a relatively non-specific increase
      in acetylcholine (ACh) release from sensory cortex during stimulation, it is
      proposed that ACh may regulate CA release at presynaptic CA terminals in the
      cortex as it does in the periphery. A marked increase in CA release observed on
      perfusing with nicotine or atropine is consistent with this hypothesis.

PMID- 953707
TI  - The morphology of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia
      californica.
AB  - The morphology of identified neurons and of one multiaction interneuron (L10) of
      the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia has been studied using cobalt chloride,
      injected intracellularly. Cells with little synaptic input, R3-R14, had a
      relatively poorly developed dendritic tree, whereas the dendrite tree of cells L7
      and L10, with extensive synaptic input, was highly complex. Cells L1-L6 and the
      RB cell cluster were found to have intermediate complexity of synaptic inputs and
      dendritic morphology. Within cell clusters, individual cells were often
      morphologically distinct. Identified cells have both invariant and variant axonal
      branches. Variant axons often project down other than their customary nerve
      trunks or are supernumerary. Three features of neuropil architecture were
      encountered. (1) When cells from the same cluster send their axons down the same
      nerve the axons often run in fascicles. (2) Although an identified cell's
      dendritic geometry varies from preparation to preparation, its dendrites always
      occupy approximately the same position in the neuropil. (3) The postsynaptic
      follower cells of L10 send their main axons through the axonal arborization of
      L10.

PMID- 953708
TI  - A radioautographic analysis in the light and electron microscope of identified
      Aplysia neurons and their processes after intrasomatic injection of L-(3H)fucose.
AB  - We have studied radioautographically the distribution and fate of 3H
      glycoproteins within the single identified neurons L10 and R12 of Aplysia
      californica after intrasomatic pressure injection of [3H]fucose. Silver grains
      were localized to intracytoplasmic membranes in both cell body and axon 3 h after
      injection of the cholinergic neuron L10. Grains also appear at this time over
      presumptive synapses. In the cell body the Golgi apparatus was labeled, as were
      vesicles, multivesicular bodies, pigment granules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
      mitochondria and peroxisomes. The Golgi apparatus is the most intensely labelled
      organelle (relative specific activity 9,5). Over 50% of the silver grains are
      associated with the Golgi apparatus and with vesicles. In the axons, vesicles
      were labeled most intensely, having a relative specific activity of 40.4 (%
      silver grains/% area), an intensity 10 times that of similar appearing somatic
      vesicles, and 4.5--10 times that of other organelles (multivesicular bodies,
      mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum) in the axon. At least 32% of the
      silver grains are associated with vesicles. It appears that the biosynthetic
      machinery of these neurons is heavily involved in the production of vesicle
      membrane destined for transport along axons and to terminals. The preponderant
      labeling of vesicles in the axon parallels the rapid and perferential transport
      of glycoprotein components described by Ambron et al. and may indicate that
      specific glycoprotein molecules can be identified as components of these
      vesicles. After injection of the cholinergic neuron R2 transport of radioactivity
      was restricted to the axonal tree of the injected neuron. After injection of L10,
      one other neuron was invariably labeled. By varying the conditions of injection,
      as many as 5 other neuron cell bodies could be labeled. These are located in the
      position of cells known to be electrically coupled to L10, and they probably
      became labeled by transneuronal movement of fucose across electrotonic junctions.
      Since restriction of label to the injected neuron is easily determined in each
      experiment, this technique makes possible the identification of chemical and
      perhaps electrical synapses of identified cells with optimal preservation of fine
      structure.

PMID- 953709
TI  - Brain stem reticular units: synaptic responses to stimulation within the
      ascending reticular pathways.
AB  - When the ascending reticular axonal system is stimulated, the responses of distal
      structures (e.g., the cerebral cortex) appear to outlast the stimulus; these
      longlasting effects could reflect the intrinsic nature of the distal structure,
      or the response could reflect an interaction among the reticular cells which
      tends to prolong the effects of stimulation. To examine the latter hypothesis,
      single units with ascending axons (projecting units) were recorded in the cat
      rostral rhombencephalon in acute experiments conducted under halothane-nitrous
      oxide anesthesia. Stimulation of areas to or through which axons of reticular
      neurons projected (midbrain tegmentum and lower tectum, medial thalamus, and
      basal forebrain) produced a consistent and specific response which was elicited
      only from these areas: suppression of spontaneous activity which was typically
      elicited from several areas having ascending axons. One-half of these responses
      were accompanied by a short latency-single spike synaptic excitation. Stimulating
      areas more than 1.0 mm from the ascending trajectory never  produced this
      response, whereas the number of responses was directly related to the number of
      projecting axons identified in any one experiment from a given site. Thus, the
      predominant effect of stimulating within the ascending axonal trajectory was
      suppression of spontaneous activity in the projecting units, not an 'en cascade'
      activation of these units; on the contrary, the only type of excitation
      encountered was a single, short latency spike. Therefore, any effects of
      stimulation within the ascending reticular pathway which appear to outlast the
      stimulus (as previously described in the literature) cannot be ascribed to a
      reverberating (excitatory) circuit among projecting units. A possible source of
      the synaptic responses of projecting units is a retrograde activation of
      collaterals interconnecting the reticular cells. If such interaction exists, it
      is specifically distributed among cells with ascending axons, as the responses
      were only observed in a very few units not identified by antidromic excitation;
      however, other evidence is adduced to support the belief that these few units
      were projecting units whose axons were beyond the reach of the stimulating
      electrodes. Futhermore, the axons may be bundled such that units with axons
      nearest that of a given projecting unit give rise to the most extensive synaptic
      interactions; the activation of these nearby axons suppresses spontaneous
      activity, while axons farther away have a greater possibility of being excitatory
      in nature. Should such a medium for interaction exist, reticular collateral
      interactions might be seen to exist specifically for the purpose of decreasing
      the activity of cells destined for similar rostral target structures.

PMID- 953710
TI  - Intracellular study of synaptic events related to phase-locking  responses of cat
      cochlear nucleus cells to low frequency tones.
AB  - In this study intracellular recording techniques were used to study the synaptic
      events related to phase-locking of cochlear nucleus cells to low frequency
      stimuli. A variable degree of phase-locking was noted even with units of the same
      low characteristic frequency. With low frequency phase-locking units an
      excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) occurred in response to each period of
      the frequency stimulus, but the probability of an action potential occurring
      decreased as the frequency of the stimulus was raised. Complex units were
      described which phase-locked at lower frequencies of stimulation but did not at
      higher frequencies where the temporal pattern of firing to tone burst stimulation
      changed as well. Results are discussed as they relate to  the frequency following
      response recorded with gross electrodes in the lower auditory pathway and the
      relationship to frequency coding in the auditory pathway.

PMID- 953711
TI  - Immunoelectrophoretic determination of brain-specific antigens in bulk-prepared
      neuronal and glial cells.
AB  - The relative amounts of brain-specific antigens, S-100, glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFA), 14.3.2, synaptin C1, D1, D2 and D3 were determined by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis in bulk-prepared neuronal, glial and synaptosomal fractions
      from 35-day-old rat brains. Little enrichment was ontained for any antigen in the
      neuronal perikaryal fraction. The glial fraction showed a 3.5-fold enrichment in
      GFA but had levels similar to whole brain with respect to S-100. Synaptosomes
      were somewhat enriched in the synaptin C1 protein, but did not differ markedly
      from whole brain with respect to the most antigens. The extent  of cross
      contamination in the various fractions could be judged only tentatively, partly
      due to differences in extractability of the proteins.

PMID- 953712
TI  - The effect of trauma on the activity of central noradrenergic neurones.
AB  - Changes in the concentration of the main noradrenaline metabolite in rat brain, 4
      hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylethyleneglycol sulphate (MOPEG-SO4) have been studied
      during and after injury by limb ischaemia. In the hypothalamus the MOPEG-SO4
      concentration rose in about 30 min to a new plateau level which was maintained
      during a 4 h period of bilateral hind-limb ischaemia and then rose further when
      the circulation to the limbs was restored. After about 2 h hind-limb ischaemia
      the concentration in the hind-brain, particularly in the caudal half, rose
      progressively and this rise continued when the tourniquets were removed after 4
      h. Limb ischaemia did not affect the MOPEG-SO4 concentration in the cerebellum
      but the concentration rose in the cerebrospinal fluid. Attempts to study the
      production of MOPEG-SO4 in more detail by inhibiting its transport from the brain
      with probenecid were not helpful and reasons are given for thinking that
      probenecid is not a useful tool for this type of  investigation. The results are
      considered to provide further evidence that trauma activates ascending and
      descending pathways which arise from the noradrenergic nerve cells in the hind
      brain.

PMID- 953713
TI  - Release of exqenous glycine in the pigeon optic tectum during stimulation of a
      midbrain nucleus.
AB  - A pathway having an affinity for glycine has been investigated in the pigeon
      optic lobe; it originates in the nucleus isthmi pars parvocellularis (Ipc) and
      terminates in the tectum, In an attempt to obtain evidence that glycine plays a
      role as a transmitter in this system, the effect of electrical stimulation on
      release of labeled substances previously injected in the tectum was tested. By
      perfusing the upper strata of the optic tectum with a push-pull cannula the
      release of radioactive glycine was shown to be markedly increased by electrical
      stimulation of Ipc, but not by stimulation of other sites. Ipc stimulation did
      not affect the efflux of exogenous leucine or urea, whereas a GABA release was
      observed. With K+ (40 mM) stimulation all amino acids tested were released. It is
      suggested that the Ipc neuron terminals in the tectum take up glycine and release
      it upon stimulation of the Ipc nucleus.

PMID- 953714
TI  - Developmental changes in brain glycoproteins.
AB  - During the postnatal development of rat brain there are large increases in the
      concentration of brain glycoproteins. Between 1 and 30 days the greatest changes
      (70-100%) take place in the levels of glycoprotein mannose, galactose and
      glucosamine, accompanied by smaller increases (35-55%) in sialic acid and fucose.
      By 30 days of age levels of brain glycoproteins are within 5% of the adult
      values. Analyses of the molecular size and composition of glycopeptides prepared
      from brains of 1- and 30-day-old rats lead to the conclusion that during
      postnatal brain development there is a preferential synthesis of a distinct
      population of glycoproteins containing oligosaccharides consisting predominantly
      of glucosamine, mannose and galactose. These oligosaccharides therefore have a
      large 'core' segment and a relative deficiency of the characteristically terminal
      sugars, fucose and sialic acid. In very young rat brain there are also large
      amounts of a metabolically stable form of glycogen or limit dextrin which
      accompanies the glycopeptides through the usual methods involved in their
      preparation from brain glycoproteins. The concentration of this glucose polymer
      decreases by 93% within 30 days after birth, but its presence even in adult brain
      is a likely explanation for the numerous reports of small amounts of glucose in
      brain glycopeptides and glycoproteins.

PMID- 953715
TI  - Unusual behavior of the La EPSP in cat spinal motoneurons.

PMID- 953716
TI  - Facilitation of noradrenaline release from rat brain synaptosomes by
      prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 953717
TI  - Catecholamine content of individual brain regions of spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SH-rats).

PMID- 953718
TI  - The uptake and metabolism of D-(U-14C)glucose by the choroid plexus.

PMID- 953719
TI  - Heavy metal content in subdivisions of the rat hippocampus (zinc, lead and
      copper).

PMID- 953720
TI  - Laminar patterns of geniculocortical projection in the cat.
AB  - The cortical afferents from individual laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate
      nucleus (LGN) were studied using both light and electron microscope
      autoradiography. In area 17, the A geniculate laminae (A and A1) had two main
      bands of projection, one extending from the bottom of IVc to the deepest cells in
      layer III, and one in layer VI. The C geniculate laminae projected in two dense
      bands to the upper and lower borders of layer IV, thus bracketing the A laminae
      projection, though with some overlap. In addition, the C laminae projected to the
      superficial half of layer I, which the A laminae did not. Conversely, while the A
      laminae projected to layer VI, the C laminae did not. The two sets of laminae
      also showed differences in the areas to which they projected. The A geniculate
      laminae projected to areas 17 and 18, whereas the C geniculate laminae had a more
      extensive projection, including areas 17, 18, 19 and other areas on the
      suprasylvian gyrus. The laminar organization of the projection to area 18 was
      similar to that found in area 17. At the electron microscopic level the
      geniculate terminals were found to make Gray's type 1 synapses, for the most part
      onto dendritic spines. Labeled terminals were found in all the projection bands
      seen in the light microscope. The implications of these findings on the
      connectivity of cells in layer IV are discussed. The presence of labeled
      terminals in layer VI, which contains the cells of origin of the
      corticogeniculate pathway, suggests that the recurrent loop to the LGN is
      mediated monosynaptically. Finally, the afferents from each geniculate lamina
      were found to be segregated into patches, about 500 mum wide, which probably form
      the anatomical basis for ocular dominance columns.

PMID- 953721
TI  - The binding properties and regional ontogeny of receptors for alpha-bungarotoxin
      in chick brain.
AB  - The subcellular distribution, binding kinetics, pharmacologic properties and
      regional ontogeny of binding sites for alpha-[125I]bungarotoxins (alpha-[125I]BT)
      were studied in preparations of chick brain. Almost 95% of the specific binding
      was found in a 20,000 X g pellet. Two binding components were found, one with
      high (half-saturation at 1.5 X 10(-9) M) and another with low affinity for the
      toxin. The rate constants of association and dissociation of the toxin for the
      high-affinity site were found to be 3.5 X 10(4) M-1 - sec-1 and 3.8 X 10(-5) sec
      1 (tau1/2 = 5.1 h, respectively). These data yielded a K alpha value of 1.1 X 10(
      9) M. Nicotinic, but not muscarinic ligands were potent inhibitors of toxin
      binding at the high-affinity site. Thus, as in muscle, the binding site for toxin
      in chick brain appears to have the properties of a nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)
      receptor. The ontogeny of the alpha-BT/ACh receptor was studied using homogenates
      of both whole brain and of discrete brain regions. In brain stem, optic lobe and
      cerebellum specific binding reached maximum levels in ovo and then decreased by
      maturity to values of 10,22 and 4.5 fmoles/mg protein, respectively. In contrast,
      whole brain and cerebral hemispheres reached plateau levels in ovo of 17 and 10
      fmoles/mg protein, respectively. Major increases in total receptor number per
      region appeared in ovo between days 12 and 19 in brain stem and cerebellum, days
      12 and 15 in optic lobes, and days 15 and 19 in hemispheres. The hemispheres were
      the only region to show a continued increase in total binding after hatching (3
      fold increase by maturity). These findings are interpreted with respect to the
      development of chick brain and a model is suggested for the relationship between
      receptor ontogeny and neuronal differentiation and maturation.

PMID- 953722
TI  - Action of amino acids and convulsants on cerebellar spontaneous action potentials
      in vitro: effects of deprivation of C1-, K+ of Na+.
AB  - (1) The inhibition of spontaneous action potentials in guinea pig cerebellar
      cortex slices by GABA, glycine, taurine and beta-alanine is maintained when C1-
      in the superfusion medium is almost completely replaced by NO3- or I-('permeant'
      anion), but the inhibition decreases in magnitude with repeated application of
      the amino acid. Replacement of C1- by sulfate or isethionate ('impermeant' anion)
      causes a conversion of inhibition by these amino acids to excitation. The initial
      excitation which is sometimes seen with these inhibitory amino acids in high C1-
      media is abolished when C1- is replaced by either permeant or impermeant anions.
      (2) Reduction of K+ in the medium causes an increase of inhibition by the
      inhibitory amino acids in the presence of high C1- and reduction of excitation
      when C1- is replaced by impermeant anion. (3) Excitation by GABA in impermeant
      anion (low C1-) media  is unaffected by reduction of Na+ in the media by 50% but
      excitations by glycine, taurine, beta-alanine and L-glutamate are greatly
      reduced. (4). Excitation by GABA in impermeant anion (low C1-) media is abolished
      by picrotoxin and bicuculline which both suppress inhibition by GABA in a high C1
      medium. Strychnine suppresses the effects of glycine, taurine and beta-alanine
      in either a low or high C1- medium. Bicuculline blocks the inhibitory effect of
      these three amino acids in a high C1- medium but does not affect their excitatory
      effects in a low C1- medium. (5) These results are consistent with the hypothesis
      that the inhibitory amino acids, GABA, glycine, taurine and beta-alanine, cause
      inhibition via increase of C1- (and perhaps K+) permeability and that glycine,
      taurine and beta-alanine also interact with strychnine-sensitive receptors
      mediating (perhaps indirectly) increased permeability to Na+ and, therefore,
      excitation in low C1- media.

PMID- 953723
TI  - Light-dark-field double exposure photomicrographic method for autoradiographic
      preparations.

PMID- 953724
TI  - Autoradiographic identification of the terminations of petrosal ganglion neurons
      in the cat carotid body.

PMID- 953725
TI  - Morphology and physiology of visual callosal axons: evidence for a supernormal
      period in central myelinated axons.

PMID- 953726
TI  - Evidence of differential inhibitory influences on X- and Y-type relay cells in
      the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus.

PMID- 953727
TI  - Nervous activity of afferent sympathetic fibers innervating the pulmonary veins.

PMID- 953728
TI  - Gamma-aminobutyric acid homoexchange in sensory ganglia.

PMID- 953729
TI  - Is Lioresal (Baclofen) an antagonist of substance P?

PMID- 953730
TI  - Beta-adrenergic receptor binding: synaptic localization in rat brain.

PMID- 953731
TI  - [H] Tryptamine and 3H-water as diffusible internal standards for measuring brain
      extraction of radio-labeled substances following carotid injection.

PMID- 953732
TI  - Effects of reciprocal forebrain transplantation on motility and hatching in chick
      and duck embryos.
AB  - Effects of reciprocal forebrain transplantation on the embryonic motility and the
      hatching behavior in the chick and the duck embryos were studied. The forebrains
      were transplanted before the establishment of circulation. The grafted tissue
      formed the telencephalon, diencephalon, eyes, upper beak and part of the cranium.
      Data indicate that the size of the forebrain has no significant influence on the
      early embryonic motility (Type I and II) in the chick and the duck embryos. The
      initiation and maintenance of the pre-hatching behavior (Type III motility) does
      not reside in the forebrain. The final stage of hatching (climax) on the other
      hand may be controlled by the forebrain.

PMID- 953733
TI  - Evidence for the existence of a raphe projection to the substantia nigra in rat.
AB  - The effect of electrical stimulation of the median raphe nucleus on the activity
      of spontaneously firing single neurones in the substantia nigra and mesencephalic
      reticular formation (MRF) has been investigated in urethane anaesthetized rats.
      Depression of activity was the predominant effect observed although this was
      sometimes accompanied by periods of excitation. Some neurones were only excited.
      The latency of inhibition of substantia nigra neurones was constant whereas that
      of MRF neurones was more variable. Microiontophoretically applied 5-hydroxy
      tryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) produced mainly inhibition of neuronal
      activity, but excitation and biphasic effects were also seen. There was a good
      correlation between the direction of neuronal responses in the substantia nigra
      to median raphe stimulation and to the effects of 5-HT but not DA. Discrete
      electrolytic lesions of the median raphe nucleus were followed by a decrease in 5
      HT but not GABA concentrations in the substantia nigra. In addition striatal 5
      HT, GABA and NA concentrations were unchanged whereas striatal DA was increased.
      These observations strongly suggest that the substantia nigra receives a direct
      inhibitory input from the median raphe nucleus and this pathway uses a 5-HT-like
      neurotransmitter. This pathway probably contributes to the regulation of
      nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission.

PMID- 953734
TI  - Attenuation of self-stimulation from substantia nigra but not dorsal tegmental
      noradrenergic bundle by lesions of sulcal prefrontal cortex.
AB  - Rats that self-stimulated from electrodes implanted in either the substantia
      nigra pars compacta (SNC) or the dorsal tegmental noradrenergic bundle (DTB)
      received bilateral electrolytic lesions of the prefrontal cortex dorsal to the
      rhinal sulcus. Immediately after the lesions, animals with SNC electrodes (n = 9)
      showed significant and permanent reductions in self-stimulation rates. The
      average reduction in the SNC group was 67% of prelesion bar-pressing scores. In
      contrast, rats with DTB electrodes (n = 11) were not significantly affected by
      similar sulcal lesions. Subsequent examination of the brains for prograde
      degeneration using procedure I of Fink and Heimer 11 revealed a descending system
      of sulcal efferents that was very dense in the region of the SNC but only
      scattered in the area of the DTB. The close relation between the effects of
      sulcal lesions on self-stimulation and the resultant density of degeneration as a
      function of stimulation site is discussed in terms of the contribution of
      prefrontal cortex to self-stimulation in general, and of the implications for the
      catecholamine hypothesis of self-stimulation in particular.

PMID- 953735
TI  - Evidence that self-stimulation of the region of the locus coeruleus in rats does
      not depend upon noradrenergic projections to telencephalon.
AB  - Rats with intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) electrodes in the locus coeruleus
      and adjacent pontine tegmental structures received stereotaxically placed
      bilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (4 mug/2 mul) into the mesencephalic
      trajectory of the dorsal tegmental noradrenergic bundle. The consequent
      depletions of norepinephrine in the cerebral cortices and hippocampi (96.7%) did
      not result in significant changes in ICSS. Thus, diencephalic and telencephalic
      noradrenergic projections of the locus coeruleus do not appear to be critical for
      the occurrence of ICSS from that nucleus or its surrounding region. Nor do these
      projections appear to be crucially involved in the enhancement of this ICSS by D
      amphetamine. Rats in this study showed two-fold increases in responding following
      injections of D-amphetamine sulfate (0.5 mg/kg) both before and after the lesions
      of the dorsal tegmental bundle. These results suggest that the ascending
      projections of the locus coeruleus are not critically involved in ICSS of the
      dorsal pontine tegmentum.

PMID- 953736
TI  - Sensory and reflex responses to tooth pulp stimulation in man.
AB  - Experiments have been carried out to investigate whether all tooth pulp afferent
      nerves are capable of producing pain. Monopolar and bipolar stimuli were applied
      to teeth in human subjects and sensory thresholds determined. EMGs were recorded
      from the masseter and the anterior digastric muscles. With stimuli up to three
      times the sensory threshold, no response could be detected in the digastric but
      at, or just above, the sensory threshold, inhibitory effects were produced in
      masseter muscle. The latency of the muscle response with bipolar stimulation was
      18-22 msec. There was no evidence of stimulus spread to nerves outside the teeth.
      Bipolar and monopolar stimulation both produced the same sensation but this was
      not described as painful. It is concluded that some pulpal afferent nerves may
      not be capable of producing pain, and that the sensory and reflex responses at
      threshold were probably produced by the same fibres.

PMID- 953737
TI  - Neurite outgrowth from explanted Xenopus retina:  an effect of prior optic nerve
      section.
AB  - Experimental conditions are described for the in vitro study of explanted eyes
      from embryos of Xenopus laevis and of retinas from older larvae. When eyes are
      explanted from embryos of stages 25-34, a rapid outgrowth of fibroblast-like and
      pigment cells is observed, upon which a neuritic outgrowth is eventually
      superimposed. Outgrowth from the retina of later stage tadpoles (50-54) is not
      seen until about a week following explantation and resembles the mixed cell
      outgrowth observed in whole eye explants from early stage embryos. If, however,
      the optic nerve of an older tadpole is cut 7 days prior to explantation, a purely
      neuritic outgrowth is seen from the previously denervated retina  within 1-3
      days.

PMID- 953738
TI  - Axon regeneration following a lesion of the carotid nerve: electrophysiological
      and ultrastructural observations.
AB  - Carotid nerves of the cat were crushed and allowed to regenerate in order to
      study the properties of regerating fibers and the role of carotid body
      parenchymal cells (glomus or type I, and sustentacular or type II) in the
      transduction of chemosensory activity. Such activity is reinitiated 6 days after
      the nerves are crushed close (1-2 mm) to the carotid body. The process of
      recovery is delayed when a crush is made at successively greater distances (5-6
      and 10-12 mm) from the carotid body. Ultrastructural studies show that the 
      reappearance of nerve endings on the glomus-sustentacular cell complex coincides
      in time with the onset of chemosensory activity. The  regenerated nerve endings
      increase in size and number and appear normal by 48 days. Some barosensory
      activity can be elicited 6 days after a nerve crush close to the carotid sinus,
      but rhythmic barosensory discharges  only occur after the 21st  day when
      myelinated axons  reappear in the carotid sinus adventitia. Results suggest that
      recovery of chemosensory function depends on the reestablishment of apposition
      between regenerating carotid nerve fibers and parenchymal cells of the carotid
      body.

PMID- 953739
TI  - Visual cortical neurons influenced by the oculomotor input: characterization of
      their receptive field properties.
AB  - A class of cells in cat visual cortex (area 17 and 18) had a tight correlation
      with spontaneous and electrically evoked PGO waves under reserpine. They tended
      to have high maintained activity and a large receptive field which was
      preferentially excited by fast moving slits. They were also direction selective
      and influenced through both eyes. For these cells, the selectivity for visual
      stimuli was dramatically altered in the presence of PGO waves induced by pontine
      stimulation. They were complex cells. A second class of cortical cells showed a
      moderate correlation with spontaneous PGO waves. Visually evoked activity of
      these cells was either excited or inhibited  by evoked PGO waves in response to
      pontine stimulation. A third class of cells, the majority, did not seem to have
      any correlation with PGO waves. The second and third classes of cells could be
      either one of the 3 main categories of visual cortical cells, predominantly
      simple cells in area 17 and complex cells in area 18. The present study provided
      further support to a previous proposal that PGO waves in the visual cortex, as
      neural correlates of saccadic eye movements, modulate specifically the ongoing
      activity of a selective type of cortical cell. A type of complex cell in the
      deeper layers is supposed to integrate visual and oculomotor inputs. It is
      hypothesized that the consequence of oculomotor inputs to the visual cortex is
      specified by the type of cells which receive oculomotor inputs, rather than by
      the nature of the inputs themselves.

PMID- 953740
TI  - Studies on cellular toxicity of bilirubin: effect on brain glycolysis in the
      young rat.
AB  - (1) The levels of glycolytic intermediates in the brain tissue of  15-day-old
      homozygous and heterozygous Gunn rats were determined with or without novobiocin
      treatment in vivo, and the inhibitory effects of bilirubin on the glycolytic
      activity and the key glycolytic enzyme activities were investigated in vitro. (2)
      the pattern of glycolytic intermediate levels in the non-treated homozygotes
      compared with those in the non-treated heterozygotes  showed a significant
      increase of G6P and F6P,  and  decrease of GAP plus DAP. Enhancement of bilirubin
      concentration in the brain tissue of homozygotes by novobiocin treatment brought
      about a significant decrease of FDP, 3PG, Pyr and Lac, and a slight increase of
      G6P compared with the respective values on the treated heterozygotes. (3) the
      overall glycolytic activity with 2mM glucose as a substrate was significantly
      inhibited in vitro by 100 muM bilirubin at 3-4, 20 and 600muM NAD concentration,
      whereas with 0.15 mM glucose the inhibition was observed only at a concentration
      of 3-4muM NAD. The inhibitory effect of bilirubin (120-140 muM) on lactate
      formation with FDP as a substrate was also found at three different NAD
      concentrations. And the marked inhibition of PFK activity by bilirubin was
      observed at physiological concentrations of ATP  and F6P. (4) The present
      findings suggest that reduced rates of glycolysis might be involved in bilirubin
      encephalopathy.

PMID- 953741
TI  - Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. II. Evidence for neuronal regulation of
      myelin production.
AB  - Tritiated thymidine has been used as a nuclear marker to trace the origin of
      Schwann cells, sited in the distal stump of a severed unmyelinated nerve, which
      are able to elaborate myelin around axons regenerating from an anastomosed
      proximal stump of a severed myelinated nerve. Two types of cross-anastomosis
      experiments were performed in young, adult rats: (1) the proximal stump of a
      myelinated sternohyoid nerve was labeled (5 mCi/kg body weight) selectively over
      a 4-day period of predetermined maximal thymidine uptake and two days later,
      after flushing the animal repeatedly with cold thymidine, the unmyelinated
      cervical sympathetic trunk was transected and its unlabeled  distal stump linked
      to the proximal stump of the labeled sternohyoid nerve; (2) the distal stump of
      an unmyelinated cervical sympathetic trunk was labeled selectively over a 5-day
      period of predetermined maximal uptake and two days later, after flushing with
      cold thymidine, the myelinated sternohyoid  nerve was severed and its unlabeled 
      proximal stump linked to  the labeled  distal stump of the cervical sympathetic
      trunk. The fate of the labeled cells in each type of anastomosis was determined 3
      weeks later by autoradiography and liquid scintillation spectrometry. In the
      first type, a small amount of label had migrated from proximal stumps but labeled
      Schwann cells were not found in successfully anastomosed distal stumps. In the
      second type, labeled Schwann cells were seen in the cervical sympathetic trunk in
      association with myelinated and non-myelinated axons regenerating from the
      sternohyoid nerve. These data suggest that the presence or absence of myelin
      formation by a Schwann cell is controlled by some property of the axon with which
      it is associated. Putative mechanisms underlying neuronal control of
      myelinogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 953742
TI  - Projections from the superior colliculus to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
      of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)

PMID- 953743
TI  - Reeler mutant mouse: maintenance of appropriate and reciprocal connections in the
      cerebral cortex and thalamus.

PMID- 953744
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of a vasodilatory polypeptide (VIP) in
      cerebrovascular nerves.

PMID- 953745
TI  - Short latency EPSPs of pyramidal tract cells evoked by stimulation of the centrum
      medianum-parafascicular complex and the nucleus ventralis anterior of the
      thalamus.

PMID- 953746
TI  - Three components of incrementing PSPs of pyramidal tract cells evoked by
      stimulation of thalamic nuclei.

PMID- 953747
TI  - Optokinetic responses in labyrinthine-defective human beings.

PMID- 953748
TI  - Acidic dopamine metabolites in cortical areas of the rat brain: localization and
      effects of drug.

PMID- 953749
TI  - Neural regulation of acetylcholinesterase in the superior cervical ganglia and
      the pineal gland of the rat.

PMID- 953750
TI  - Morphological evidence of alteration in myelinstructure with maturation.
AB  - The periodicity of the myelin sheath in glutaraldehyde carbohydrazide (GACH)
      embedded tissues from three 10-day-old and two 43-day-old mice was investigated
      with the electron microscope. The mean repeat period and number of repeats per
      fiber was measured in 31-89 fibers in the trapezoid bodies, olfactory tract and
      sciatic nerves. The mean period of the myelin sheaths in both the peripheral and
      the central nervous systems of the 10-day-old mice (15.1 +/- 0.07 nm (S.E.M.) and
      13.4 +/- 0.09 nm respectively) are smaller (rho less than 0.001) than those of
      the adult mice (15.9 +/- 0.08 nm and 14.7 +/- 0.06 nm respectively). These
      differences may be related to the known differences in chemical composition of
      immature and mature myelin.

PMID- 953751
TI  - Effects of subfornical organ extracts of salt-water balance in the rat.
AB  - The subfornical organ (SFO) is regarded as a neurosecretory structure but no
      information is available on the nature or biological effects of the secretory
      products(s). Supernatants of water homogenates of rat SFO were lyophilized and
      reconsittuted in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Intracerebroventricular
      (IVT), but not subcutaneous, administration of this material to rats produced
      diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis in the following 8 h daylight period. During
      the overnight cycle, consummatory behavior and excretion of sodium and potassium
      were reduced. Similar responses were obtained after IVT administration of
      cerebellar cortex (CB) or large amounts of plasma. SFO, CB and cerebral cortex
      (CC) were incubated in potassium-enriched CSF to enhance release of secretory
      products. Urine volume was increased 8 h after IVT injection of SFO media; in the
      overnight cycle, food consumption, absolute urinary sodium and potassium, and
      [Na+-a1 were reduced. These effects were not produced by IVT injection of CC or
      CB media, or equal amounts of plasma proteins. Additional experiments
      demonstrated that choroid plexi and SFO effects were similar and that the active
      SFO material was dialyzable and thermal stable. These data suggest that SFO
      contains a water-soluble substance which is released into a posassium-enriched
      medium. The material is heat stable, has a relatively low molecular weight, and
      alters salt-water balance after injection into ventricular cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 953752
TI  - Regional concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine in rat brain.
AB  - The concentrations of noradrenaline and lopamine of 92 brain regions have been
      measured by a radiometric method which enabled discrimination between
      noradrenaline and adrenaline. Almost all brain regions investigated contained
      both noradrenaline and lopamine in measurable amount. However, both
      catecholamines appeared to be unevenly distributed. Very high dopamine
      concentrations were measured in the olfactory tubercle, the nucleus accumbens,
      the caudate nucleus and the rostral part of the medial forebrain bundle; the
      globus pallidus, the nucleus tractus diagonalis and the nucleus septalis
      lateralis were also very rich in dopamine. Outside the telencephalon the dopamine
      concentrations were rather low, except in the median eminence and the area
      tegmentalis ventralis (Tsai), an area corresponding to the A10 region. High
      noradrenaline concentrations were measured in most hypothalamic nuclei.
      Relatively high concentrations of this catecholamine were also measured in
      several mesencephalic (the ventral part of the central gray, the nucleus raphe
      dorsalis and the nucleus cuneiformis) and pontine (the locus coeruleus and the
      nuclei parabrachiales) regions. The highest noradrenaline concentrations in the
      medulla oblongata were observed in the A2 region and the nucleus commissuralis,
      which contained at least twice as much noradrenaline as did the more rostral part
      of the nucleus tractus solitarii.

PMID- 953753
TI  - Regeneration of giant axons in earthworms.

PMID- 953754
TI  - Autoradiographic tracing of nucleus accumbens efferents in the rat.

PMID- 953755
TI  - Evidence for substance P in the habenulo-interpeduncular tract.

PMID- 953756
TI  - Excitation of supraoptic neurones by vaginal distention in lactating rats;
      correlation with neurohypophysial hormone release.

PMID- 953757
TI  - Large potassium signals and slow potentials evoked during aminopyridine or barium
      superfusion in cat cerebellum.

PMID- 953758
TI  - The effects of harmaline on GABA fluxes in pinched-off nerve endings.

PMID- 953759
TI  - Differential effects of the acquisition enhancing drug pyrrolidone acetamide
      (piracetam) on the release of proline from visual and parietal rat cerebral
      cortex in vitro.

PMID- 953760
TI  - Retention disruption following post-trial picrotoxin injection into the
      substantia nigra.

PMID- 953761
TI  - Some effects of undernutrition on synaptic development -- a quantitative
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The development of synaptic junctions in rat occipital cortex has been studied at
      7 and 20 days postnatal in control and undernourished animals. In addition, adult
      control cortex has been compared with cortex derived from animals undernourished
      until 35 days postnatal and then nutritionally rehabilitated. Emphasis has been
      placed on material stained with phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA technique) although
      osmicated material has been examined. The body weights of the undernourished
      animals were lower than those of their age-matched controls, the deficit at 20
      days being 55%. The number of synaptic junctions per unit area of the molecular
      layer was lower in the undernourished animals at 7 and 20 days, the most
      prominent deficit being at 20 days. In an attempt to detect ultrastructural
      correlates of undernutrition, E-PTA stained synaptic junctions were divided into
      5 types (A-E), based upon their presynaptic characteristics are reflecting
      varying degrees of maturity. During normal development the immature synaptic
      types, particularly type E, are predominant, giving way to the more mature types
      (A-C) as development proceeds. Undernutrition however, appears to disrupt this
      developmental sequence, with a higher than normal percentage of immature synaptic
      types present at the age studied. Nutritional rehabilitation rectifies the
      imbalance to a degree, the adult rehabilitated pattern resembling the 20-day
      control pattern. Preliminary examination of the 20-day osmicated material
      confirmed the deficit of synapses per area of tissue in the undernourished
      cortex. It  also revealed decreases in the number of vesicles per terminal unit
      area and in the internal area of the synaptic vesicles in the undernourished
      tissue.

PMID- 953762
TI  - The fine structure of the axons and growth cones of the human fetal cerebral
      cortex.
AB  - The fine structure of axon cylinders and growth cones has been examined in serial
      sections through the marginal zone of the human cerebral cortex from 10 to 22
      weeks of gestation. Neurotubules, mitochondria, agranular reticulum, coated
      vesicles, and synaptic vesicles both of the translucent and dense core variety
      are found throughout the axon cylinders. At periodic intervals along the axons,
      bulged-out regions display accumulations of either synaptic vesicles or
      transversely oriented neurotubules. Prominent, growth cone varicosities are
      encountered at the distal segment of the axon cylinders. In these, mitochondria,
      channels of both tubular and dilated agranular reticulum, dense core vesicles,
      and multivesicular bodies lie in a finely filamentous matrix. Processes
      characterized by their content of either agranular reticulum and synaptic
      vesicles or a finely filamentous meshwork are infrequently continuous with these
      varicosities. Dense membrane thickenings are associated with some varicosities
      and their processes. The ultrastructural features of the human fetal growth cones
      have been compared to growth cones previously described in other mammalian and
      submammalian species.

PMID- 953763
TI  - Preparation of pure neuronal and non-neuronal cultures from embryonic chick
      sympathetic ganglia: a new method based on both differential cell adhesiveness
      and the formation of homotypic neuronal aggregates.
AB  - A new method has been developed for the preparation of essentially pure primary
      cultures of neurons and non-neuronal cells from 11-day embryonic chick
      sympathetic ganglia. This method utilizes (1) differences in cell-to-substrate
      adhesiveness between neurons and non-neuronal cells and (2) the capacity of
      neurons to form homotypic aggragates. The maximum difference in adhesiveness
      between neuronal and non-neuronal cells occurred when the ganglia were
      dissociated with trypsin following collection in a salt solution lacking divalent
      cations. This difference allowed the preparation of highly purified non-neuronal
      cultures and 85-90% pure neuronal cultures. Intermittent agitation during the
      period of cell separation markedly increased the purity of the neuronal cultures
      by (1) inhibiting neuronal but not non-neuronal cell attachment and (2)
      facilitating the formation of homotypic neuronal aggregates in the supernatant.
      Neuronal and non-neuronal cultures prepared under these conditions were more than
      99% pure on the basis of both morphological and biochemical analyses. Both cell
      types exhibited attachment efficiencies greater than 95% and have been maintained
      for several weeks in vitro. Thus, completely isolated neuronal and non-neuronal
      cultures can be prepared and maintained for prolonged periods in the absence of
      cells of the other type.

PMID- 953764
TI  - Neuronal stimulation of (3H)thymidine incorporation by primary cultures of highly
      purified non-neuronal cells.
AB  - A specific intercellular interaction has been demonstrated between neuronal and
      non-neuronal cells that appears to increase the rate of non-neuronal cell
      proliferation. Isolated and recombined primary cultures of both cell types were
      prepared from 11-day embryonic chick sympathetic ganglia by a method recently
      developed in this laboratory. When non-dividing neurons were added to an equal
      number of proliferating non-neuronal cells, the amount of [methyl-3H]thymidine
      incorporated by these mixed cultures was 230% greater than that incorporated by
      99% pure non-neuronal cultures. Removal of all neurons from such non-neuronal
      cultures by a 48-h preincubation without nerve growth factor resulted in an even
      greater increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation upon addition of neurons (370%).
      When increasing numbers of isolated neurons were added to non-neuronal cell
      cultures, the amount of [3H]thymidine incorporation initially increased in a dose
      dependent fashion until it reached a plateau. In contrast, the addition of
      increasing numbers of non-neuronal cells to a constant number of neurons resulted
      in a linear increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation. In some cases neurons and
      non-neuronal cells were not grown in direct physical contact but were only
      allowed to communicate with one another through the culture medium. Such indirect
      communication never resulted in a stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation.
      When neurons were added to cultures of embryonic chick fibroblasts, the neurons
      grew well but did not stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation by the fibroblasts.
      These results suggest that embryonic sympathetic neurons selectively stimulate
      the proliferation of non-neuronal cells derived from the same source.

PMID- 953765
TI  - Effects of substance P on functionally identified units in cat spinal cord.
AB  - A correlation was made between the effects of synthetic substance P (ssP) on
      spinal dorsal horn neurones and the responses of these neurones to natural
      peripheral stimulation. It was found that ssP caused excitation only of those
      units which were excited by noxious radiant heat applied to the skin. ssP also
      caused a small facilitation of the excitatory response to this noxious stimulus
      and, in two cases, led to a response to noxious heat of units which had
      previously been unaffected by this stimulus. The ratio of ssP sensitive to
      insensitive units was highest in the deeper parts of the dorsal horn. Excitation
      by ssP showed a positive correlation to excitation by bradykinin. These results
      suggest that substance P may be involved in excitatory spinal processes and that
      its actions may be associated specifically with nociception.

PMID- 953766
TI  - Alteration of the pattern of hippocampal nerve cell RNA labelling during training
      in rats.
AB  - RNA synthesis in the CA3 region of brain hippocampus was studied in rats trained
      to a handedness reversal task. The newly synthesized RNA, labelled by
      intraventricular injection of radioactive orotic acid, was extracted and analyzed
      by micromethods. The result was following. In the trained animals the
      incorporation of the labelled precursor into RNA, corrected by the pool
      radioactivity, was almost double in comparison with the controls. In the trained
      animals there was a stimulation of the incorporation in the high molecular weight
      (greater than 18S) RNA region and in two specific low molecular weight regions: 8
      9 and 16-17S. Taking in account previous results of other authors, these data
      appear to imply a stimulation of brain mRNA synthesis as a result of training.

PMID- 953767
TI  - Effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate administration on learning efficiency and
      time sense of the honey bee, Apis mellifica carnica.
AB  - In discrimination experiments honey bees had to decide between two glass dishes,
      one placed on a black cross, the other 40 cm away on a black square. In
      spontaneous selections the bees in 70% of all cases chose the black cross. The
      bees were then trained to search back and forth between the cross and the square
      until after 5 min sugar-water was given on the black square. Over a total of 5
      learning trials, during which multiple decisions had been made by the searching
      insects, 96% of all choices were in favour of the black square. If 80 mM fructose
      1,6-diphosphate (F-1,6-P2) in 1 M glucose had been ingested by the bees 30 min
      before the first spontaneous choice, learning was facilitated with 83% deciding
      in favour of the black square at the first trial compared with 46% of the
      controls (which had been fed on 1 M glucose only). In both groups of bees the
      same number of flight approches was made to the cross or square as made by the
      bees searching for 5 min before the reward was given. Thus no change in general
      activity or harvesting motivation appears to be induced by F-1,6-P2. When F-1,6
      P2 had been given at the end of a successful learning series the bees favoured
      the black square for up to 3 days. In contrast to the controls no new incentive
      needed to be given during this period. Ingestion of other metabolites proved
      either ineffective, as in the case of fructose-6-phosphate or 5'-adenosine
      monophosphate, or, as observed after feeding citrate plus 3-phosphoglycerate,
      even reduced the performance. To test the effect of F-1,6P2 on the same time
      sense (circadian rhythm), bees were trained on three successive days to visit a
      feeding place at a specific time of day. The control bees which ingested only
      glucose on the evening of the 3rd day returned at their entrained 24-h interval
      on the 4th day. In contrast, the maximum frequency of appearance of bees fed on F
      1,6-P2 was advanced by one hour, with minor appearance peaks at earlier hours of
      the day.

PMID- 953768
TI  - Monoamine metabolism in the developing rat brain and effects of ionizing
      radiation.
AB  - Neonatal X-radiation induces profound changes in monoamine metabolism in the
      developing CNS. NE and 5-HT concentrations increase 7 days post-radiation in all
      CNS regions undergoing rapid axonal growth and proliferation, but not in the
      region of the cell bodies from which the respective neurotransmitters originate.
      The increase in NE and 5-HT levels is accompanied by a concomitant increase in
      the rate of synthesis. While these changes are evident as late as 22 days of age,
      the monoaminergic systems revert to normal by maturity. It is suggested that
      these alterations reflect an imbalance in the density of nerve endings to the
      region where these terminate. These regions are immature at birth and cell
      proliferation, a process which is affected by X-radiation, is still occurring at
      the time of exposure.

PMID- 953769
TI  - Isolation of synaptic vesicles from Narcine brasiliensis electric organ: some
      influences on release of vesicular acetylcholine and ATP.
AB  - A simple density gradient centrifugation technique for separating electric organ
      cholinergic synaptic vesicles from other organelles and membrane fragments is
      described. Frozen, ground electric organ is extracted with a solution of similar
      density to the vesicles; during the subsequent centrifugation, vesicles remain
      suspended in the extraction medium and heavier contaminating structures sediment
      out. In confirmation of results obtained with mammalian central nervous system
      vesicles, a biphasic pattern of efflux of bound ACh is demonstrated. Low levels
      of phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4.) induce efflux of ACh from the vesicle fraction;
      it is shown that the concomitant fall in vesicle bound ATP is due to ATP efflux
      rather than ATP hydrolysis within the vesicle.

PMID- 953770
TI  - Autoradiographic study of brain stem projections from fastigal pressor areas.

PMID- 953771
TI  - Laminar origin of efferent projections from auditory cortex in the golden Syrian
      hamster.

PMID- 953772
TI  - Subfornical organ: a site of brain self-stimulation.

PMID- 953773
TI  - Depletion of brain serotonin following intraventricular 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
      fails to disrupt sleep in the rat.

PMID- 953774
TI  - Receptors for alpha-bungarotoxin in the developing visual system of the chick.

PMID- 953775
TI  - Pentobarbital selectively enhances GABA-mediated post-synaptic inhibition in
      tissue cultured mouse spinal neurons.

PMID- 953776
TI  - Ovarian steroids differentially augment pituitary FSH release in deafferented
      rats.

PMID- 953777
TI  - A simple and sensitive ion-exchange procedure for separation and determination of
      methyl analogues of histidine and lysine in biological material.

PMID- 953778
TI  - beta-Carotene: a dominating carotenoid in Cyclocypris laevis (O.I. Muller)
      (Crustacea, Ostracoda).

PMID- 953779
TI  - Effect of fluoride on the red cell (51Cr label), plasma (125IHSA label) and true
      blood volumes of rats.

PMID- 953780
TI  - Effect of free fatty acids on the activity of NADP-dependent isocitrate
      dehydrogenase in normal and pathological conditions.

PMID- 953781
TI  - Influence of L-asparaginase on spleen colony formation in mice.

PMID- 953782
TI  - Phosphorus deficiency, parathyroid hormone and bone resorption in the growing
      rat.
AB  - Sham-operated and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats were divided into two pair-fed
      groups, one on a normal mineral intake (0.5% Ca, 0.3% P), the other on a regimen
      low in phosphorus (0.5% Ca, 0.03% P). P depletion led to a drop in plasma P and
      urine P, a rise in plasma Ca and a marked rise in urine Ca, a drop in serum
      magnesium and a rise in urine Mg. The changes were more pronounced in the PTX
      animals, but final values were the same in both groups. Parallel bone-seeking
      isotope (85Sr, 177Lu, 237Np) studies in nonablated animals revealed an increase
      in the urinary nuclide output and in the urine/tibia ratio in P-deficient
      animals. Normal and primary bone osteocytes decreased and enlarged osteocytes
      increased as a result of P deficiency; osteoclasts and osteoblasts also
      increased. Bone composition showed a drop in ash content and a rise in water,
      with a light decrease in both Ca and P, and a corresponding rise in
      hydroxyproline and nitrogen in the P-deficient animals. The results are
      interpreted to mean that P-deficiency in the young growing rat leads to an
      increase in bone resorption which occurs also in the absence of parathyroid
      hormone (PTH). The fact that final values were similar in the control and PTX P
      deficient animals suggests that steady-state regulation can also occur without
      PTH. Because P-deficiency leads to rapid hypercalcemia and rapid marked
      hypercalciuria, there may exist a mechanism for phosphate regulation which would
      then supersede Ca homeostasis. The change in serum and urine Mg levels may
      reflect a decrease in tubular Ca and Mg reabsorption associated with P
      deficiency.

PMID- 953783
TI  - Maintenance by cortisone of the calcemic response to parathyroid extract of rats
      on a diet without vitamin D and low in calcium.
AB  - Weanling rats raised for 21 days on a vitamin D deprived, low Ca diet (0.02%),
      and given chronic cortisone administration (5 mg/kg/d), maintain responsiveness
      to the hypercalcemic effect of endogenous and exogenous parathyroid extract
      (PTE). The PTE action is a bone effect that does not require the presence of the
      kidneys, and is not related to a higher concentration of calcium or cortisone.
      Maintained sensitivity of D- Ca- Cort+ rats to PTE does not appear to be the
      consequence of a lesser degree of D-deficiency: the whole body vitamin D pool and
      its chloroform-soluble fraction in these animals are not different from those of
      their D- Ca- PTE- unresponsive controls. Repeated PTE injections for 4 days
      exhaust the sensitivity to the hypercalcemic action of PTE of D- Ca- Cort+ rats.
      The present data seem to indicate that cortisone-treated D- Ca- rats, responsive
      to the bone action of PTE, are characterized by a near normal bone calcium
      content and Ca/P ratio, and a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts.

PMID- 953784
TI  - Assay of bone resorption in vivo with 3H-tetracycline.
AB  - 3H-Tetracycline (3H-TC) was used to quantify resorption in whole bones of growing
      rats and dogs. After repeated isotopic labeling of actively growing embryos or
      neonates, 3H-TC was observed to be distributed homogeneously and in equilibrium
      with 45Ca. A rapid and large loss of 3H-TC and a small loss of 45Ca occurred
      during the early weeks of rapid bone growth, suggesting that absolute amounts of
      45Ca resorbed from bone, as reflected by losses of 3H-TC, are five to ten times
      greater than the net amounts of 45Ca lost from bone. Minimal loss of 3H-TC
      occurred due to nonspecific physicochemical exchange in vivo or in vitro (5%)
      except with nonradioactive tetracycline, and 3H-TC was not greatly exchanged or
      reused (10%) in vivo. The data are considered in terms of local and systemic
      conservation of calcium.

PMID- 953785
TI  - The effect of magnesium and fluoride on nephrocalcinosis and aortic calcification
      in rats given high sucrose diets with added phospnates.
AB  - The study was conducted to observe in rats the possible modification of ectopic
      calcification by magnesium-orthophosphate-fluoride combinations, used as
      additives of diet for reduction of the cariogenicity of the sucrose. In rats, fed
      low magnesium diets, extra dietary orthophosphate (2%) considerably elevated the
      calcification of kidneys. Further additions of magnesium and fluoride partially
      reduced this adverse effect of phosphate. While the calcium content of the aorta
      in rats, fed low magnesium-high phosphate diet, was considerably elevated, the
      further addition of magnesium (40 ppm) partially reduced the calcifying effect of
      phosphate in aorta. Fluoride (15 ppm) together with magnesium (40 ppm) completely
      reduced it. The appearance of renal calculi caused by a low magnesium diet or by
      extra phosphate were similar according to light and electron microscopy except
      for the larger size in the latter case and occasional extratubular calculi found
      in groups with high phosphate-low magnesium and high phosphate with added
      magnesium diets.

PMID- 953786
TI  - The distribution of water in calcified turkey leg tendon.
AB  - X-ray diffraction and water sorption data are presented which show that the
      extracellular water in calcified turkey leg tendon is associated principally with
      the collagen component.

PMID- 953787
TI  - Letter: Precise terms and calcified tissues.

PMID- 953788
TI  - Bone resorption measurement with unusual bone markers: critical evaluation of the
      method in phosphorus-deficient and calcium-deficient growing rats.
AB  - An in vivo method to evaluate bone resorption in rats, by using unusual bone
      seekers not dependent on renal tubular transfer, is described and a critical
      evaluation of the method is made. In our experimental conditions, 85Sr and 177Lu
      are virtually exclusively localized in bone whereas 237Np remains unchanged in
      different soft organs, so that the concomitant use of these markers can be used
      for measuring bone resorption. If osteolysis occurs 21 days after the injection
      of these markers, under our experimental conditions, any increase in the urinary
      excretion of 177Lu and 237Np represents a rise in bone resorption, whereas an
      increase in Sr excretion reflects both and renal tubular events. According to our
      bone localization studies, the enhancement of Lu and Np excretion reflects
      primarily an increase in cortical bone resorption localized at the endosteal (Lu)
      and at the periosteal (Np) surfaces respectively. In addition, strontium is
      considered to be the marker of mineral resorption whereas Lu and Np, under our
      experimental conditions, would reflect the organic bone resorption. This method
      is tested in phosphorus-deficient rats and in calcium-deficient rats which
      exhibit disturbances of calcium metabolism at both the bone and kidney levels. In
      agreement with previous investigations, the use of these bone markers to evaluate
      osteolysis shows: (a) after a 1-week phosphorus deficiency, a slight increase in
      cortical bone resorption with a simultaneous fall in calcium and strontium renal
      tubular reabsorption, and (b) after a 1-week calcium deficiency, a high rise in
      cortical bone resorption with a simultaneous increase in the renal tubular
      reabsorption of calcium and strontium.

PMID- 953789
TI  - Remineralization of dentin in vitro.
AB  - The remineralization of completely demineralized bovine dentin was studied in
      vitro by monitoring the velocities of fall of small particles through calcifying
      solutions. The density of a particle of dentin may be found from its velocity of
      fall through a fluid using Stokes' law. The minimum concentration product of
      calcium and acid phosphate ions of the solution in which remineralization would
      take place was 3.6 (mM)2 in the presence of 22 mM bicarbonate, pH 7.35, and ionic
      strength 0.1. This just above the solubility product of brushite (CaHPO4-2H2O).
      Incubation of decalcified dentin in a phosphoprotein removed from dentin during
      demineralization, or in phosvitin, had no effect on remineralization. The rates
      of remineralization and of the fraction remineralized were inversely proportional
      to particle size. This inverse correlation may be due to deposition of mineral in
      a surface layer of constant depth irrespective of particle size. The fraction of
      a particle remineralized was greatly increased by the use of highly
      supersaturated calcifying solutions or by the incorporation of fluoride into the
      solutions. The empirical reaction order of remineralization for both calcium and
      phosphate ions was found to be unity, which is, within the error limits, equal to
      the order of growth of seed crystals of hydroxyapatite in calcifying solutions of
      the same composition.

PMID- 953790
TI  - Bone in dermatosparaxis. I. Morphologic analysis.
AB  - Normal (N-) calf bone consists of lamellae regularly spaced and oriented parallel
      to the periosteum. The lamellae increase in thickness from the periosteum to the
      medullary cavity, by apposition of layers of cells and a calcifying matrix on
      either side of a hypercalcified primer. In the dermatosparactic (D-) bone, the
      hypercalcified primer is barely visible and the cells are irregularly arranged
      within the lamellae. The poorly defined vascular spaces are partly filled with an
      acellular calcified material. In the D-bone, the collagen fibers are sparse and
      radiate from the vascular space, while in the N-bone they are abundant and laid
      down concentric with the blood channels. In the D-bone, only a few weeks old, the
      outer lamellae are radially oriented with respect to the medullar cavity, while
      haversian remodeling already occurs in the inner part of the diaphysis. At 6
      months, the inner half of the diaphysis is made up of normal haversian secondary
      bone, while the outer half is made up of radial lamellae. The alteration of the
      mechanical properties of procollagen fibers in the D-bone might be responsible
      for its defective organization. A resistant fibrous framework, therefore, seems
      required to ensure the spatial organization of the cells in the calcifying matrix
      and to maintain its cohesion.

PMID- 953791
TI  - Bone in dermatosparaxis. II. Chemical analysis.
AB  - Physical and chemical analysis of the organic matrix of dermatosparactic (D-)
      bone was performed to evaluate the implication of an alteration in the mechanical
      properties of procollagen fibers in the process of calcification. The D
      diaphyseal bone contained less collagen and more hydroxyapatite than normal (N-)
      calf bone. Fractionated by centrifugation in a density gradient, D-bone was found
      to be composed of more than 80% weight of a highly calcified fraction while N
      bone of the same age contained only 37% of this fraction. As compared to N-bone,
      the amount of organic matrix per unit volume of D-bone was increased in the least
      calcified fractions and reduced in the most mineralized ones. The newly formed
      matrix of D-bone contained an amount of collagen similar to the N-bone while the
      concentration of other glycoproteins was higher. Calcification was accompanied,
      in both types of bone, by a progressive reduction of glycoproteins and collagen;
      the diminution of collagen was higher in D- than in N-bone. The presence in D
      bone of procollagen fibers with altered mechanical properties might be
      responsible for an excess of glycoproteins in the newly formed matrix. Calcium
      salt deposition in this matrix and progressive distension of the fibrous
      framework are two possible mechanisms by which hypercalcification of D-bone
      occurs.

PMID- 953792
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of dental calculus.
AB  - The morphologic structure of anorganic dental calculus was studied by means of
      the scanning electron microscope. From surface observations, calculus is
      apparently composed of two components with distinguishable patters of
      calcification. One component is formed by the precipitation of minute calcific
      crystals on microorganisms and intermicrobial substances (plaque matrix). Such
      calcified masses, often spherical in shape, have a sponge-like appearance with
      empty spaces representing the former sites of entombed and degenerated organisms.
      Thus, intracellular calcification is not evident at this stage of calculus
      development. The other component, although having at least one common
      calcification front with the former, does not appear to be directly associated
      with microbial calcification. It exhibits a configuration of generally larger
      crystal growths of varying shapes and sizes. These two calcification patterns are
      comparable, both in distribution and size, to what has been observed by means of
      the transmission electron microscope, and what Schroeder has designated as "types
      A & B centers of mineralization," respectively. The calcific precipitation in
      type A centers have been identified by X-ray diffraction as hydroxyapatite. It
      is, therefore, speculated that the crystal patters in type B centers might
      represent other known forms of calcium phosphates present in calculus, such as
      octacalcium phosphate, whitlockite and brushite.

PMID- 953793
TI  - Calcification of alpha-elastin coacervates: a bulk property of elastin.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis studies are
      reported on thin sections of calcified coacervates of alpha-elastin. It is found
      that the capacity of elastin coacervates to initiate calcification is a bulk
      property of the coacervate and not limited to the serum-coacervate interface,
      that the calcium phosphate deposits act to bind the protein units together and
      slow the dissolution and spreading of the coacervate as it floats on an airwater
      interface, and that, within the limits of detectability, there is no involvement
      of sulfur. As the charged groups of alpha-elastin had been blocked, the
      initiation of deposition is due to neutral sites in the protein which are tightly
      bound to the calcium phosphate deposits.

PMID- 953794
TI  - Calcified tissues 1975. Proceedings of the XIth European symposium on calcified
      tissues.

PMID- 953795
TI  - Cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of human osteoblasts in relation
      to general skeletal growth activity.

PMID- 953796
TI  - Calcium transport processes and their regulation in endocrine cells.

PMID- 953797
TI  - Rabbit ear chamber bone cultures, a novel in vivo system for bone tissue
      investigation.

PMID- 953798
TI  - The metabolism and function of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 953799
TI  - The effects of vitamin D metabolites and their analogues on the secretion of
      parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 953800
TI  - The effects of hydroxylated derivatives of vitamin D3 and of extracts of solanum
      malacoxylon on the absorption of calcium, phosphate and water from the jejunum of
      pigs.

PMID- 953801
TI  - The interaction of divalent cations, hormone and cyclic nucleotides in the
      control of mitosis.

PMID- 953802
TI  - Interaction of parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on renal
      handling of phosphate.

PMID- 953803
TI  - Calcium deficiency osteoporosis and the role of the parathyroids for the
      adaptation to a low calcium intake.

PMID- 953804
TI  - Characteristics of the vitamin D binding protein in different species.

PMID- 953805
TI  - Maturation of chick bone collagen and quantification of its structural
      crosslinks: vitamin D status and cohesiveness of the collagen macromolecular
      matrix.

PMID- 953806
TI  - Parathyroid function in chronic vitamin D deficiency in man: a model for
      comparison with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 953807
TI  - Calcium metabolism in patients with chronic non-dialytic renal disease.

PMID- 953808
TI  - Intestinal calcium absorption and whole-body calcium retention in various stages
      of renal insufficiency.

PMID- 953809
TI  - Loss of calcium from axial and appendicular skeleton in patients with chronic
      renal failure.

PMID- 953810
TI  - A quantitative analysis of bone changes following anticonvulsant therapy.

PMID- 953811
TI  - Effects of acute and chronic PTH stimualtion on osteoblasts and the under-lying
      bone matrix.

PMID- 953812
TI  - Calcium binding protein and regulation of calcium transport.

PMID- 953813
TI  - Dietary induction of osteitis fibrosa cystica in the rat: roles of parathyroid
      hormone and calcitonin.

PMID- 953814
TI  - Bone cells and structure of cancellous bone in primary hyperparathyroidism - a
      histomorphometric and electron microscopic study.

PMID- 953815
TI  - Parathyroid activity in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 953816
TI  - Calcitonin and blood calcium homeostasis during intestinal calcium absorption in
      man.

PMID- 953817
TI  - Gastrointestinal effect of calcitonin: inhibition of gastrin secretion.

PMID- 953818
TI  - Immunoreactive calcitonin in non-thyroid tumours.

PMID- 953819
TI  - Extra-thyroidal origin of the heaviest fractions of circulating human
      "calcitonin".

PMID- 953820
TI  - Analogues of human calcitonin.

PMID- 953821
TI  - Homeostasis of inorganic phosphate: an introductory review.

PMID- 953822
TI  - Calcium uptake by cultured bone cells: the role of phosphate, calcitonin and 1,25
      (OH)2 D3.

PMID- 953823
TI  - Bone histomorphometry as applied to research on osteoporosis and to the diagnosis
      of "hyperosteoidosis states".

PMID- 953824
TI  - Vertebral and total body bone mineral content by dual photon absorptiometry.

PMID- 953825
TI  - Prospective and cross-sectional study of radial bone loss in post-menopausal
      women.

PMID- 953826
TI  - Quantitation of bone mass in osteoporosis: recent advances.

PMID- 953827
TI  - Quantitation of the degree of osteoporosis by measure of total-body calcium
      employing neutron activation.

PMID- 953828
TI  - Skeletal and lean body mass in alcoholics with and without cirrhosis.

PMID- 953829
TI  - Duodenal calcium-binding-protein (CaBP) in the sodium deficient growing rat.

PMID- 953830
TI  - The use of total body in vivo neutron activation analysis (TBIVNAA) in balance
      studies in rodents.

PMID- 953831
TI  - Variations in bone mass and bone activity within the mandible.

PMID- 953832
TI  - Acid-induced osteoporosis: an experimental model of human osteoporosis.

PMID- 953833
TI  - Effect of weightlessness on mineral metabolism; metabolic studies on Skylab
      orbital space flights.

PMID- 953834
TI  - Synthesis by the liver of a glycoprotein which is concentrated in bone matrix.

PMID- 953835
TI  - Transepithelial calcium transport enhanced by xylose and glucose in the rat
      jejunal ligated loop.

PMID- 953836
TI  - Quantitative analysis of amorphous and crystalline bone tissue mineral in women
      with osteoporosis.

PMID- 953837
TI  - Correlation of clinical, densitometric, and histomorphometric data in
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 953838
TI  - Interrelationship between osteoporosis and fractures of neck of femur.

PMID- 953839
TI  - Oestrogens and post-menopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 953840
TI  - Ca transport of sarcoplasmic reticulum during experimental uremia.

PMID- 953841
TI  - Morphology of cell calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 953842
TI  - Effects of PTH and some synthetic fragments on embryonic bone in vitro.

PMID- 953843
TI  - Structural and ultrastructural responses of calcifying cartilage to parathyroid
      hormone "in vitro".

PMID- 953844
TI  - A bone morphogenetic polypeptide.

PMID- 953845
TI  - Effects of ultimobranchialectomy (UBX) upon the bone catabolism and anabolism and
      on some aspects of the calcium metabolism regulation in Anguilla anguilla L.

PMID- 953846
TI  - Number, size and arrangement of osteoblasts in osteons at different stages of
      formation.

PMID- 953847
TI  - Separation of potato spindle tuber viroid ribonucleic acid from Scopolia sinensis
      into three infectious forms and the purification and oligonucleotide pattern of
      fraction II RNA. Part IX.
AB  - The existence of three infectious forms of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) RNA
      from Scopolia sinensis was demonstrated by fractionation with high salt, by
      reverse phase and high pressure liquid  chromatography, and by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Purification of fraction II was achieved by the following steps:
      extraction of nucleic acid with phenol, precipitation of the RNA with
      cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, fractionation of the RNA with lithium chloride
      and isopropanol, and finally gel electrophoresis. A procedure using reverse phase
      chromatography was developed to obtain 70-90% recovery of RNA from polyacrylamide
      gels. Purified PSTV fraction II RNA was digested with ribonuclease A and T and
      labelled with [gamma-32P[ATP using polynucleotide kinase. The labelled digests
      were separated by the electrophoresis-homochromatography procedures of Sanger.
      About 20 and 30 spots were obtained with ribonuclease A and T, respectively.

PMID- 953848
TI  - The endogenous biosynthesis of prostaglandins by brain tissue in vitro.
AB  - The capacity for biosynthesis of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from endogenous precursors by brain tissue slices and
      homogenates was measured by a gas chromatography - mass fragmentography method
      using deuterated prostaglandins as internal standards.  Mean biosynthesis in rat
      cerebral cortex slices incubated for 60 min was 60.2 ng PGF2alpha and 17.4 ng
      PGE2 per 100 mg of tissue. The corresponding values for homogenates were 78.1 ng
      and 28.9 ng. Synthetic capacity of cat cerebral cortex was considerably greater
      but that of human tissue was smaller than that found in rat brain. Cat cerebellum
      in contrast to other regions synthesized more PGE2 than PGF2alpha. The time
      course of prostaglandin formation in slices was linear for the initial 60 min.
      Catabolism in cerebral tissues was found to be very small. Prostaglandins formed
      or added to the incubation media distributed between tissue and medium in a
      manner indicating some specific binding as well as nonspecific solubilization in
      tissue lipids. Norepinephrine, 3,4-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine,
      adrenochrome and apomorphine greatly stimulated PGF2alpha formation probably
      through a nonenzymatic reduction of endoperoxides. Norepinephrine added to
      homogenates appeared to stabilize the fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase preventing it
      from inactivation. Indomethacin and Ketoprofen were potent inhibitors of
      biosynthesis. Paracetamol was found to be a less potent synthetase inhibitor than
      aspirin. The biosynthetic capacity of brain tissue in vitro appears to be orders
      of magnitude more than that of normal brain in situ.

PMID- 953849
TI  - Covalent assembly of mouse immunoglobulin G subclasses in vitro: application of a
      theoretical model for interchain disulfide bond formation.
AB  - The pathways and kinetics of interchain disulfide bond formation have been
      determined in vitro for purified myeloma proteins representing the three major
      subclasses of mouse immunoglobulin G(IgG) using the reoxidation system described
      previously (Petersen, J.G.L. & Dorrington, K.J. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5633
      5641). Mixtures of oxidized and reduced glutathione were added to act as a
      disulfide interchange catalyst. The pathways of covalent assembly observed in
      vitro were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those followed by the
      various subclasses in vivo. HH and HHL were the principle covalent intermediates
      seen with IgG1 (MOPC 31C) and IgG2a (MOPC 173 and clone 19). With IgG2b( MPC
      11C), HL, HH and HHL were all prominant intermediates. The time courses of
      reoxidation were simulated using a theoretical model based on second-order
      reaction kinetics (Percy, J.R., Percy, M.E. & Dorrington, K.J. (1974) J. Biol.
      Chem. 250, 2398-2400). Two distinct phases were apparent in the reoxidation
      sequence. The first, which lasted for the initial 5-15 min, did not confirm to
      the theoretical model. The second phase could be accounted for by the model and
      represented the remainder of the covalent assembly process. The physico-chemical
      basis for this biphasic phenomenon was explored. Sedimentation velocity studies
      showed that noncovalent association was incomplete at the beginning of the
      reoxidation step for all proteins except IgG2b (MOPC 11C). No dissociation was
      apparent in the reduced and alkylated proteins at pH 5 in the absence of prior
      exposure to acid conditions. Thus, exposure to acid appears to affect the
      affinity between the subunits in the native proteins. Transfer of the proteins
      from pH 5 to pH 8.2 (the pH at which reoxidation proceeds) is accompanied by the
      generation of an absorption difference spectrum over an 8-10 min period. These
      data suggest that a pH-dependent conformational relaxation process may influence
      the early stages of reoxidation.

PMID- 953850
TI  - Assembly of three major subclasses of mouse immunoglobulin G: a theoretical model
      for covalent assembly in vivo.
AB  - A mathematical model, based on second-order reaction kinetics, has been used to
      describe the covalent assembly of immunoglobulin G(IgG) in vitro from its heavy
      (H) and light (L) chains (Percy, M.E., Baumal, R., Dorrington, K.J. & Percy, J.
      (1976) Can. J. Biochem. 54, 675-687). In the present paper, the same model has
      now been applied to the steady-state assembly of IgG in vivo. This mathematical
      approach permits a quantitative comparison of the pathways of covalent assembly
      used by given immunoglobulins in vivo and in vitro. The assumptions in the model
      are: the species L, H, HL, HH, HHL and LHHL belong to a common pool; incompleted
      IgG intermediates may freely assemble to form HL, HH, HHL and LHHL; the reaction
      rate for covalent linkage between any two reacting species is proportional to the
      products of the number densities of the reactants and to a parameter P which
      takes the value PHH if the reaction joins two H chains, and PHL if it joins an H
      and L chain. In vivo values of PHH/PHL were determined for the 18 mouse myeloma
      tumours and cell lines studied by Baumal et al. (Baumal, R., Potter, M. &
      Scharff, M. (1971) J. Exp. Med. 134, 1316-1334). From these analyses, we have
      arrived at the following conclusions: (1) the three major IgG subclasses have
      distinctive values of PHH/PHL (mean value 53 for IgG1, 12 for IgG2a and 2.8 for
      IgG2b); (2) for IgGs of the same subclass, the values of PHH/PHL are similar; (3)
      the mean in vivo values of PHH/PHL are very close to those determined from in
      vitro assembly experiments. Finally, the individual values of PHH/PHL have been
      used to simulate pulse-chase experiments in the various tumours and cell lines.
      Considering the sources and magnitude of experimental error, the theoretical
      pathways of assembly agree with those determined qualitatively from the pulse
      chase experiments.

PMID- 953851
TI  - The binding of phytohemagglutinin M to rat spleen lymphocytes. Quantitative
      studies.
AB  - Phytohemagglutinin M (PHAM) has been purified from the commercial mixture of
      proteins produced by Phaseolus vulgaris, using a Sepharose-thyroglobulin column.
      The protein gave one band on gel electrophoresis and two bands on SDS-gel
      electrophoresis (mol. wt. 33 700 and 32 100, respectively). Molecular weight
      determination by ultracentrifugation gave a value of 61 200 +/- 700. The protein
      had a minimum sugar content of 16%. Binding studies of PHAM to purified rat
      spleen lymphocytes have been performed at 0, 25, and 37 degrees C. It was shown
      that the cells bound about the same amount of lectin at 0 and 37 degrees C, but
      less protein was bound at 25 degrees C. The binding phenomenon showed
      saturability at all temperatures. Data were analyzed by Scatchard plots and two
      kinds of binding sites were found. High-affinity sites and low-affinity sites
      have been characterized in terms of association constants and (apparent) number.
      It was also shown that cells treated with trypsin or sodium azide bound less
      lectin. Bound concanavalin A did not appear to affect the amount of bound PHAM,
      but its influence was reflected in the value of the association constant for the
      binding of PHAM. Unlabelled PHAM was shown to displace radioactive PHAM from the
      cells, but could not remove bound concanavalin A. The significance of these
      results is discussed in terms of the fluid plasma membrane model and cellular
      metabolism.

PMID- 953852
TI  - Differential effects of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on lysine residues in rabbit and
      sturgeon muscle aldolases.
AB  - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in aqueous solutions can form a Schiff base complex
      with 14 and 16 lysine residues of rabbit and sturgeon muscle aldolases (EC
      4.1.2.13), respectively. Although the mechanism of their interaction with PLP
      should be the same, these residues can be differentiated into three families on
      the basis of their inhibition constant Ki and rate constant k. The lysine
      residues of one of these families do not react with PLP in the presence of the
      substrates. Therefore, they are assumed to be part of the active center. In the
      sturgeon muscle aldolase, 3.7 substrate protected lysine residues are present.
      Rabbit aldolase, although tetrameric, contains only 2.8 substrate protected
      lysine residues. This suggests that one active center of this enzyme may be
      'buried'. Structural studies showed the following sequence around the substrate
      protected lysine residues, in the rabbit aldolase: Gly-(Gly2, Val3)-Pyridoxyl Lys
      Ile-Asp-Lys.

PMID- 953853
TI  - Characterization of angiotensin receptors in rabbit isolated atria.
AB  - Rabbit isolated left atria have been used to study the inotropic action of
      angiotensin II (ATII). The peptide is active at doses ranging from 1.0 x 10(-9)
      to 2.8 x 10(-6)M and its inotropic effect is not modified by sotalol,
      phentolamine, burimamide, and indomethacin. We therefore propose that this effect
      results from the stimulation of receptors specific for ATII. Dose-response curves
      of ATII obtained in presence of increasing concentrations of 8-Gly-ATII are
      gradually displaced to the right, but high doses of the antagonist depressed the
      maximum contractions caused by ATII. pA2 value for 8-Gly-ATII in this preparation
      is similar to those observed in vascular and intestinal smooth muscles. Order of
      potency of analogues of ATII (2-, 3- and 5-Ala-ATII), acting as full agonists,
      but with reduced affinity, is similar to that found in rabbit aorta strips. It is
      therefore proposed that receptors for ATII in rabbit isolated left atria are
      pharmacologically similar to those present in vascular smooth muscles. Positive
      inotropic effects of angiotensin I, undecapeptide (1-11), dodecapeptide (1-12)
      and tetradecapeptide (1-14) renin substrate are antagonized by 8-Gly-ATII in
      similar way as the effect of ATII. This suggests that the action of these
      peptides is mainly due to stimulation of receptors for ATII. The contribution of
      myocardial converting enzyme to the action of these peptides is discussed.

PMID- 953854
TI  - Application of a multiwire proportional chamber to the detection of axoplasmic
      transport.
AB  - A new technique for the detection of the axoplasmic transport of beta
      radioactively labelled materials is described wherein a multiwire proportional
      chamber is used to measure the distribution of activity along peripheral nerve
      fibers which are maintained in vitro. The operating principles of the chamber are
      described and basic construction parameters given. Potential radiolabels are
      discussed. Two types of studies were performed at room temperature in vitro using
      sciatic nerves of the amphibian Xenopus laevis: static and dynamic. In the static
      study the nerve ganglion was incubated for a suitable period of time in either L
      (U-14C) leucine or L-(35S) methionine after which the ganglion was removed and
      the activity in the remaining nerve assayed with the chamber. In the dynamic
      study the nerve activity was assayed by the chamber while incubation proceeded so
      that a dynamic picture of transport could be observed. Using the second approach,
      transport rates were observed which are in agreement with others which have been
      reported in the literature. Some advantages and limitations of the technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 953855
TI  - Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of etodolic acid in rats.
AB  - Etodolic acid (1, 8-diethyl-1, 3, 4, 9-tetrahydropyrano(3, 4-b) indole-1-acetic
      acid) showed potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in rats. In
      adjuvant arthritic rats etodolic acid was approximately six times more potent
      than phenylbutazone. In the carrageenin and the analgesic assays (inflamed paw
      pressure test) its potency was comparable to that of phenylbutazone. The potency
      of etodolic acid in the adjuvant arthritic rat suggests that this novel anti
      inflammatory compound will be effective in the treatment of arthritic conditions
      of man.

PMID- 953856
TI  - A specific sugar transport mechanism in smooth muscle and its regulation.
AB  - The membrane transport of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was studied in vitro in a smooth
      muscle, the detrusor of rat urinary bladder. Transport occurred by facilitated
      diffusion and showed the same chemical specificity and sensitivity to specific
      inhibitors as skeletal and cardiac muscle but its insulin sensitivity was
      smaller. Transport was increased by agents inhibiting the Na+pump and was
      decreased by agents which increased Na+ and K+ gradients by apparently
      stimulating the Na+pump. In accord with a rate limiting role of transport in
      glucose utilization, similar stimulating and inhibitory effects were seen when
      CO2 production from (14C) glucose was measured.

PMID- 953857
TI  - [A method to measure the rate of metabolic clearance and secretion of cortisol in
      the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)].
AB  - Classical methods for the analysis of steroid dynamics were adapted to measure
      the metabolic clearance rate and the secretion rate of cortisol in the European
      eel using (1, 2-3H) cortisol as a tracer. 1. Measurements were made whilst the
      eels were in the steady state; stresses which usually result from anaesthesia and
      handling were avoided by chronic catheterization of the blood vessels of the swim
      bladder. In this way, the plasma cortisol level were constant; thus, it was
      possible to obtain valid measurements of the cortisol secretion rate knowing the
      metabolic clearance rate and the plasma cortisol level. 2. In the eel, cortisol
      and cortisone together form a chemical compartment', derived originally from
      cortisol secreted by the interrenal gland and subsequently transformed partially
      into cortisone in the plasma and maintained thenceforth in dynamic reversible
      equilibrium. Consequently, the metabolic clearance rate of cortisol has been
      calculated from the known changes in concentration of both (1, 2-3H) cortisol and
      (1, 2-3H)cortisone in the plasma deduced from dichloromethane-extractable plasma
      radioactivity, 72% of which is always attributable to these two steroids from the
      moment that the radioactivity begins to decline regularly as a function of time
      (15-30 min after the injection). 3. After a single injection of (1,2-3H)
      cortisol, the interpretation of the disappearance curve by compartmental analysis
      is complicated by the delay of tracer distribution and by the evident variability
      in the initial portion of the curve. Disappearance curves have accordingly been
      analysed in a more rigorous fashion either by integrating the area under each
      curve which allows one to calculate individually the metabolic clearance rates,
      or by integrating according to Normand, M., and Fortier, C. (1970. Can. J.
      Physiol. Pharmacol. 48, 274-281) which allows one statistical treatment of data.
      4. Estimates of the metabolic clearance rate of cortisol were made in a
      satisfactory manner by either one of the two integration methods. They were also
      very similar to estimates obtained by prolonged infusion of (1, 2-3H) cortisol to
      constant specific activity into eels maintained under identical experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 953858
TI  - A compartmental model for bilirubin kinetics in isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - Bilirubin kinetics were studied in an isolated, perfused rat liver system using
      unconjugated (14C) bilirubin (UC(14C)B) and  delta-amino (4-14 C) levulinic acid
      (A(14 C)LA) to derive a suitable compartmental model. Plasma disappearance of
      UC(14C)B, plasma appearance of conjugated (14c) bilirubin (C(14C)B) and biliary
      excretion of C(14C)B were followed for 90-120 min following injection of
      UC(14C)B. Hepatic content of labeled bilirubin 12 min after the injection  of
      UC(14C)B was determined directly in five separate perfusion experiments. UCB was
      found to reflux back to plasma from liver in two experiments using A(14C)LA.
      Bilirubin binding to red blood cells (6-8% of the perfusate level) and the
      components of the perfusion apparatus (4-6% of perfusate level) was estimated by
      performing a control experiment without the liver. A six compartment model was
      necessary and adequate to explain the experimental data and current knowledge of
      bilirubin metabolism: (1) UCB bound to red blood cells and the perfusion
      apparatus, (2) plasma UCB, (3) liver UCB, (4) liver CB, (5) plasma CB, and (6)
      bile CB. The proposed model could serve as a reference point for studies of
      bilirubin kinetics in whole animals for normal and abnormal states.

PMID- 953859
TI  - Adrenergic neuron blocking action of dehydrocorydaline isolated from Corydalis
      bulbosa.
AB  - Dehydrocorydaline, an active principle of Corydalis bulbosa alkaloids, in
      concentrations of 10(-5) M to 5 x 10(-5)M inhibited relaxation and the
      concomitant release of (3H)-noradrenaline caused by 10(-4)M nicotine and
      electrical perivascular nerve stimulation in the taenia caecum of guinea pig. The
      same inhibitory effects were observed on contraction and release of (3H)
      noradrenaline in the sympathetic nerve-pulmonary artery preparation of rabbit. On
      the other hand, neither relaxation nor contraction caused by exogenously applied
      noradrenaline was affected. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of
      dehydrocorydaline on the relaxation or contraction, produced by nicotine and
      electrical nerve stimulation, is due to blockade of noradrenaline release from
      the adrenergic nerve terminals in both the taenia caecum and pulmonary artery.
      Participation of the adrenergic neuron blocking action of dehydrocorydaline in
      preventing experimental ulceration is discussed.

PMID- 953860
TI  - Motor and sensory fibres of neck muscle nerves in the cat.
AB  - The numbers and sizes of nerve fibres to the dorsal neck muscles, splenius,
      complexus and biventer cervicis have been examined in the cat. The total number
      of fibres is unusually high as is the content of sensory fibres (estimated as the
      loss of fibres after ganglionectomy). The fibre spectra of these sensory nerves
      has an unusually large number of fibres in the group II and III range (3-7 mum)
      and differs markedly in this way from other muscle nerves. The motor fibres
      contain a high proportion (64-99%) in the gamma fibre size range. Large motor
      fibres are absent in the nerves to biventer cervicis (a slow muscle). The ratio
      of unmyelinated to myelinated fibres in neck muscle nerves is similar to that in
      hind legs at about 2.5:1.

PMID- 953861
TI  - Further evidence that protein synthesis can be decreased in vivo following
      hormonal stimulation in the rat pancreas.
AB  - The present study has been undertaken to determine in the rat the influence of
      exocrine secretory stimulation on pancreatic protein synthesis. This stimulant
      consisted of a single injection of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (8 Ivy units/kg)
      plus secretin (5 clinical units/kg). The rate of (14C) phenylalanine
      incorporation into total proteins was measured 5, 11, 17, 30, 45 and 60 min
      later. Incorporation was significantly decreased after 5 min, then significantly
      increased at 17 min, and finally returned to control values at 45 min. This
      biphasic evolution was shown not to be caused by variations in the precursor pool
      specific radioactivity. We concluded that secretory stimulation of the pancreas
      can induce a decrease in the rate of protein biosynthesis. This decrease is
      nevertheless a transient phenomenon, since the rate of biosynthesis was increased
      at 17 min. These results, obtained from a totally in vivo system, confirm
      previous data obtained from an in vivo-in vitro system.

PMID- 953862
TI  - Potassium and the recovery of splenic capsular smooth muscle after cold storage.
AB  - Cat spleen capsular smooth muscle, depleted of potassium and enriched with sodium
      by cold storage in a potassium free medium, relaxed and underwent transient
      reduction in responsiveness to noradrenaline when potassium was introduced into
      the bathing medium. Both these effects could be blocked by ouabain, lithium
      substitution for sodium or low ambient temperature, suggesting possible
      involvement of the sodium pump. In the continued presence of potassium,
      relaxation was maintained but sensitivity to noradrenaline increased, possibly
      due to restoration of normal intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations.

PMID- 953863
TI  - The effects of selenium on the metabolism of methionine in sheep.
AB  - Two groups of sheep fed a diet of hay known to produce nutritional muscular
      dystrophy, one group of which received selenium supplementation, were used to
      study the effects of selenium on the metabolism of administered L-(35S)
      methionine by rumen microflora. Rumen bacterial proteins of the Se supplemented
      sheep contained significantly higher levels of radiosulfur than the bacterial
      protein of the non-supplemented sheep. Of hte L-(35S) methionine present in the
      rumen liquor samples from Se-supplemented sheep 2 h after administration, 13.3%
      of the amino acid, which was measured as methionine sulfone, was found in the
      microbial proteins. A large proportion of the administered labeled methionine was
      resynthesized as cyst(e)ine which may account in part for that determined as
      cysteic acid in rumen bacterial and plasma proteins. The observed low levels of
      radiosulfur found in rumen microflora from selenium deficient wethers, indicates
      that the presence of selenium profoundly affects the rate of methionine
      metabolism and the distribution of methionine in rumen bacterial and protozoal
      proteins. In another experiment, the effect of selenium on the metabolism of L
      (Me-3H) methionine was studied. The selenium status of the sheep had no
      significant effect (P greater than 0.05) on the distribution of 35S radioactivity
      in the blood plasma and tissues.

PMID- 953864
TI  - Vascular actions of furosemide and bumetanide on the rat superior mesenteric
      vascular bed: interactions with prolactin and prostaglandins.
AB  - The mesenteric vascular bed of the rat was used to investigate the effects of
      furosemide, bumetanide, prolactin, aspirin, indomethacin and prostaglandin E2 on
      the pressor response to norepinephrine. Furosemide, bumetanied and indomethacin
      could all inhibit the responses to norepinephrine: in each case responsiveness
      was restored by the addition of prostaglandin E2 to the perfusate. Bumetanide and
      furosemide both failed to inhibit responsiveness in the presence of an adequate
      amount (50 pg/ml) of prostaglandin E2. As has been shown previously, ovine
      prolactin in a concentration of 50 ng/ml enhanced pressor responses to
      norepinephrine while 500 ng/ml, after an initial potentiation, inhibited
      responsiveness. Aspirin, furosemide and bumetanide all reversed both the
      potentiation produced by the lower prolactin concentration and the inhibition
      produced by the higher one. When taken in conjunction with other evidence these
      results suggest that the diuretics exert their vascular effects by inhibiting
      prostaglandin synthesis whereas prolactin acts by stimulating such synthesis.

PMID- 953865
TI  - A method for the study of the inhibition of DNA synthesis by rabbit tissue
      extracts.
AB  - This paper describes a method to measure DNA synthesis in the jejunum. Everted
      rings of rat jejunum were incubated in the presence of (3H) thymidine. The
      specific activity of jejunal DNA was assayed at the end of incubation. This
      method was found to be valid when (1) incubation time was 30 min, (2) (3H)
      thymidine concentration was 90 ng/ml, and (3) paired flasks containing four,
      respectively, contiguous rings were compared. This method was used to investigate
      the existence of an intestinal chalone. An aqueous extract (S-105)of rabbit small
      intestine mucosa was prepared and tested for DNA synthesis inhibition in jejunum.
      A significant inhibition was noted, which was an hyperbolic function of the
      quantity of extract present in the media. The study of S-105 inhibition on other
      organs (kidney, liver, colon) failed to demonstrate organ specificity. However,
      aqueous extracts from intestinal organs were found to exert a greater inhibition
      than aqueous extracts form other organs. It is suggested that S-105 contains
      other nonspecific inhibitory fractions; our data prove the necessity of an
      extensive purification to demonstrate the existence of a specific chalone that
      regulates intestinal cell proliferation.

PMID- 953866
TI  - Effect of (Sar1, Ala8)-angiotensin II and hypophysectomy on the intestinal
      resistance vessels and blood pressure following furosemide-induced volume
      depletion.
AB  - Intravenous administration of furosemide (2 mg/kg) caused intestinal
      vasoconstriction in various groups of pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. (Sar1, Ala
      8)-angiotensin II, a specific competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, was
      infused 60 min after administration of furosemide, a time when the intestinal
      vasoconstrictor response to the diuretic was maximal or near maximal. In
      hypophysectomized animals, infusion of the antagonist abolished the intestinal
      vasoconstriction and caused a significant fall in arterial pressure even when the
      intestinal nerves and adrenal glands remained intact. In contrast, the antagonist
      had little effect when the pituitary gland remained intact. The results suggest
      that endogenous angiotensin and vasopressin are overlapping mechanisms which
      constrict the intestinal resistance vessels and support arterial pressure
      following furosemide-induced volume depletion. In the absence of one control
      system, the other compensates to maintain the responses.

PMID- 953867
TI  - Duration of analgesia in mice after heroin by two testing methods.
AB  - The analgestic action in mice of single injections of heroin hydrochloride
      ranging from 0.3-240mg/kg was measured by the tail-clip and by the hot-plate
      methods. The duration of analgesia increased as the dose of heroin increased. By
      the tail-clip technique, the mean effective dose (ED50) (and standard error of
      estimate) at 30 min was calculated as 1.0 (+/3.42) mg/kg while at 180 min it was
      27.5 (+/3.05). By the hot-plate technique the ED50 at 30 min was 4.9 (+/3.13)
      mg/kg and at 180 min it was 173.8 (+/5.38) mg/kg. The hot-plate method, though
      less sensitive than the tail-clip method, yields a regression line derived from
      ED50 values at various testing times of the same slope; thus the two methods give
      comparable results for changes in analgesia with time. The rate of change of the
      median analgesic dose of heroin HC1 in mice was calculated to be 2% per minute.
      In similar mice the acute mean lethal dose for single, subcutaneous injections of
      heroin HC1 was calculated to be 190.5+/3.01 mg/kg (95% confidence limits).

PMID- 953868
TI  - The effect of metoclopramide on intestinal muscle responses and the peristaltic
      reflex in vitro.
AB  - Metoclopramide (Mcp) is known to facilitate gastrointestinal emptying in vivo and
      to stimulate various isolated intestinal muscle preparations. On the guinea pig
      ileum, taenia coli, rabbit ileum and rat duodenum, Mcp increased the tone and
      responses to acetylcholine, carbachol and nicotine; had no effect on responses to
      histamine, potassium chloride and prostaglandin E1; decreased responses to 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Atropine, methysergide, morphine, and tetrodotoxin,
      alone or in combination, partially blocked the stimulatory responses to Mcp, but
      hexamethonium, mepyramine and indomethacin did not. Mcp (1.0 muM) lowered the
      threshold for elicitation of the peristaltic reflex to a sub-threshold
      intraluminal pressure (2.5 cm water), facilitated the peristaltic response to
      threshold pressures (3-4 cm water) and restored the reflex in fatigued
      preparations, but not that depressed by cooling to 24 degrees C. During block of
      peristalsis by atropine, hexamethonium or methysergide (applied serosally) 5-HT
      (0.25 muM) but not Mcp (1.0 muM)) effectively restored the peristaltic reflex,
      but neither antagonized the inhibition by morphine or procaine acting serosally.
      However, Mcp (1.0 muM) re-established peristalsis inhibited by a high
      concentration of 5-HT ((4 X 10 muM). These results do not support the hypotheses
      that the stimulatory action of Mcp is entirely dependent on either peripheral
      sensitization of muscarinic receptors or an action on tryptaminergic mechanisms
      but are consistent with our previous conclusion that an additional component may
      be a blockade of some intrinsic inhibitory (possibly purinergic) substance
      normally restraining intestinal motility or tone.

PMID- 953869
TI  - Brown adipose tissue-a factor in the survival of harp seal pups.
AB  - The respiratory characteristics of mitochondria isolated from the subcutaneous
      brown adipose tissue of newborn harp seals indicate that the tissue is
      thermogenically active. Temperature recordings in vivo revealed, in fact, that
      the tissue was maintained at a temperature close to that of the body core during
      immersion of the pups in ice-water. Beta-adrenergic blockade markedly increased
      the cooling rates at both locations in ice-water, while curarization, accompanied
      by artificial respiration did not. We conclude that nonshivering thermogenesis
      through activated brown adipose tissue plays a decisive role in the defence
      against cold in the newborn harp seal.

PMID- 953870
TI  - Postjunctional supersensitivity of the rat vas deferens and gap junctions.
AB  - Tissues from the duodenum and vas deferens of Sprague-Dawley rats were examined
      of the rat vas deferens and gap junctions. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 54, 412
      416. by electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde fixation and postosmication. Gap
      junctions (nexuses) were readily demonstrated in the duodenum in both control and
      reserpine treated animals (1.0 mg/kg per day for 7 days). Honever, gap junctions
      could not be demonstrated in vas deferens. It is concluded that the
      postjunctional supersensitivity and spontaneous activity induced by reserpine in
      vas deferens, does not result from the formation of gap junctions.

PMID- 953871
TI  - Three methods of measuring the location of the egocentre: their reliability,
      comparative locations and intercorrelations.

PMID- 953872
TI  - A photosensitve daily rhythm in the female medaka, Oryzias latipes.

PMID- 953873
TI  - Accuracy of the tritium water dilution method for determining water flux in
      reindeer(Rangifer tarandus).

PMID- 953874
TI  - Catalytic and regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase isozymes from octopus
      mantle muscle and liver.

PMID- 953875
TI  - On the role of octopine dehydrogenase in cephalopod mantle muscle metabolism.

PMID- 953876
TI  - The pyruvate branch point in squid brain: competition between octopine
      dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 953877
TI  - Octopus mantle citrate synthase.

PMID- 953878
TI  - Oyster citrate synthase: control of carbon entry into the Krebs cycle of a
      facultative anerobe.

PMID- 953879
TI  - Plasma bradykininogen and reproductive cycles: studies during the oestrous cycle
      and pregnancy in the rat, and in the human menstrual cycle.

PMID- 953880
TI  - Letter: Sudden sniffing death.

PMID- 953881
TI  - Letter: The Canadian abortion law.

PMID- 953882
TI  - Neurologic disorders responsive to folic acid therapy.
AB  - Six women aged 31 to 70 years had folate deficiency and neuropsychiatric
      disorders. The three with acquired folate deficiency were depressed and had
      permanent muscular and intellectual fatigue, mild symptoms of restless legs,
      depressed ankle jerks, diminution of vibration sensation in the legs, stocking
      type hypoesthesia and long-lasting constipation; D-xylos absorption was abnormal.
      The bone marrow was megaloblastic in only one patient, and she and one other had
      atrophy of the jejunal mucosa. The third was a vegan. All three recovered after
      folic acid therapy. The other three were members of a family with the restless
      legs syndrome, fatigability and diffuse muscular pain. One also had subacute
      combined degeneration of the spinal cord and kidney disease but no
      megaloblastosis; she improved spectacularly after receiving large daily doses of
      folic acid. The other two also had minor neurologic signs, controlled with 5 to
      10 mg of folic acid daily. Unrecognized and treatable folate deficiency (with low
      serum folic acid values but normal erythrocyte folate values) may be the basis of
      a well defined syndrome of neurologic, psychiatric and gastroenterologic
      disorders, and the restless legs syndrome may represent the main clinical
      expression of acquired and familial (or inborn) folate deficiency in adults.

PMID- 953883
TI  - Recurrent electromechanical dissociation due to severe underlying coronary heart
      disease.
AB  - Recurrent electromechanical dissociation, eventually fatal, presented as Stokes
      Adams-like syncope in a patient with severe underlying coronary heart disease.
      Mechanical function was probably suppressed because of myocardial ischemia due to
      recent occlusion of the proximal right main coronary artery; the left main
      coronary artery had been occluded previously. Spasm of the proximal right
      coronary artery may have accounted for his recurrent attacks of pain and syncope.
      It is suggested that this clinical picture has a grave prognosis, demanding
      urgent therapeutic measures. While these measures are likely to be more hazardous
      than usual, the grave prognosis and potential for therapeutic success make them
      well worth the risk.

PMID- 953884
TI  - Methylmalonic acidemia controlled with oral administration of vitamin B12.
AB  - A 3-month-old male infant had two episodes of fever, projectile vomiting,
      dehydration, generalized fine tremors and gross metabloic ketoacidosis.
      Methylmalonic acid was found in high concentration in both serum and urine,
      although the concentration of serum vitamin B12 was normal. A therapeutic trial
      of vitamin B12, administered parenterally, reduced greatly the methylmalonic
      aciduria. The patient has since been given vitamin B12 supplements continuously,
      initially 1 mg intramuscularly every other day, then 15 mg/d orally, and the
      protein in his diet was subsequently restricted. The most effected control of the
      methylmalonic aciduria was achieved with the combined regimen of oral vitamin
      therapy and dietary protein restriction. His physical and intellectual
      development have progressed normally and he has survived several acute
      respiratory tract infections without recurrence of metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 953885
TI  - Herpes simplex encephalitis: treatment with surgical decompression and cytosine
      arabinoside.
AB  - Herpes simplex encephalitis in a 21-year-old man presented as a flu-like illness,
      followed by inappropriate behaviour, drowsiness and focal neurologic signs.
      Investigations indicated a lesion in the right temporal lobe. The diagnosis was
      confirmed by isolation of the virus from a cerebral biopsy. Pronounced clinical
      improvement was noted when cytosine arabinoside therapy was started in the
      postoperative period. This report supports the observation by some authors that
      cytosine arabinoside may be of value in the treatment of herpes simplex
      encephalitis.

PMID- 953886
TI  - Effect of physical training on hemodynamic performance following myocardial
      infarction: a controlled study.
AB  - The effect of physical training on hemodynamic performance was evaluated in a
      group of patients who had had a myocardial infarction and a group of healthy, age
      matched controls. Before training, the patients' mean ventilatory equivalent was
      significantly less than that of the controls at the lowest workload (300
      kpm/min), the mean stroke volume was significantly increased at the highest
      workload then achieved (600 kpm/min), and the mean arteriovenous oxygen content
      difference was significantly smaller at the highest workload. The patients had a
      relative bradycardia before training and there was no significant reduction in
      mean resting or submaximal heart rate after training. Their mean oxygen uptake
      was significantly reduced at the lowest exercise workload after training and this
      response was significantly different from that of the controls after 8 weeks of
      training. Mean cardiac output during exercise was significantly reduced in the
      patients after training, but only at the 600-kpm/min workload, the response being
      blunted at 900 kpm/min; mean stroke volume was also significantly reduced at this
      workload after training; both these responses were significantly different from
      those of the controls Mean arteriovenous oxygen content difference at 6oo kpm/min
      was significantly increased in the patients after training, though the response
      was not significantly different from that of the controls. Mean ventilatory
      equivalent was also significantly increased in patients after training, becoming
      similar to that of the controls.

PMID- 953887
TI  - National Committee of Physician Manpower subcommittee report: valuable or
      potentially damaging?

PMID- 953888
TI  - Lalonde proposes preventive medicine to combat alcohol abuse.

PMID- 953889
TI  - Medicolegal affairs: Court rejects contention Alberta disciplinary bodies biased.

PMID- 953890
TI  - Report issued by requirements subcommittee of National Committee of Physician
      Manpower.

PMID- 953891
TI  - A measure of health.

PMID- 953892
TI  - [Physicians and society: confronted by rape].

PMID- 953893
TI  - Editorial: Psychiatric illness in the medical profession.

PMID- 953894
TI  - Editorial: Clinical application of triiodothyronine measurement.

PMID- 953895
TI  - Editorial: Anaerobes in clinical practice: frequently forgotten.

PMID- 953896
TI  - Letter: Fatal mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome--in Canada?

PMID- 953897
TI  - Letter: Interferon in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis.

PMID- 953898
TI  - Psychiatric illness in the medical profession: incidence in relation to sex and
      field of practice.
AB  - The overall incidence of psychiatric illness among the physicians of British
      Columbia during 1970-74 was 1.27% per year. The overall suicide rate was more
      than 36.5/100 000. Incidence was not dependent on sex or age. The two specialties
      with the highest incidence--ophthalmology and psychiatry--had previously been
      demonstrated to have significantly high rates of suicide. The highest incidence
      was among psychiatric residents; in other resident groups collectively the
      incidence was at the expected rate. Greater severity of illness and poorer
      prognosis was found in family physicians compared with specialists, although the
      incidence was the same in the two groups.

PMID- 953899
TI  - Sex therapy: considerations in the selection of patients.
AB  - Sex therapy has proven helpful for many patients with sexual dysfunctions. In
      judging the appropriateness of this new treatment procedure the clinician should
      determine the following: that a sexual dysfunction exists, that a stable couple
      relationship exists, that there are no major marital, psychiatric or physical
      problems that are etiologically important or that would interfere with treatment,
      and that both partners are willing to engage in a treatment program.

PMID- 953900
TI  - Hospitalization for mental illness: evaluation of admission trends from 1941 to
      1971.
AB  - A study of the diagnostic composition of the inpatient population of Ontario and
      Canadian psychiatric facilities has shown an important change in hospital-treated
      illness over the period 1941-71. Patients with nonpsychotic disorders accounted
      for 54% of all admissions to Ontario public mental hospitals in 1971, compared
      with only 8% in 1941. The trend was similar for both first admissions and
      proportion of readmissions, and was similar for psychiatric units of general
      hospitals. In contrast, the overall rate of first admission for psychotic
      disorders to inpatient facilities remained remarkably constant over time, as did
      the proportion of readmissions among all admissions. The findings dispel the
      notion that the increasing proportion of readmissions is due largely to a rapid
      turnover of former long-stay psychotic patients (the "revolving-door
      phenomenon"). The findings could not be attributed to a changing prevalence of
      types of psychiatric illness, increased availability of psychiatric inpatient
      facilities or comprehensive medical insurance.

PMID- 953901
TI  - Endobronchial lipoma: two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Endobronchial lipoma is a benign tumour of the large bronchi occurring in middle
      aged men. To the 38 successfully treated cases in the English literature a
      further 2 are added. The symptoms are those of obstructive pneumonitis mimicking
      bronchogenic carcinoma, and the result of delayed therapy may be bronchiectasis.
      Treatment includes local resection through a bronchoscope or a bronchotomy
      incision, or removal, if necessary, of the obstructed lobe or lung at
      thoracotomy. Smoking may be important in the pathogenesis of this tumour.

PMID- 953902
TI  - Airway obstruction following smoke inhalation.
AB  - Respiratory distress with episodes of cyanosis, intercostal retraction and
      sibilant rhonchi occurred in a 2-year-old boy over a 48-hour period following
      serious smoke inhalation. Worsening of the child's condition accompanied these
      findings, culminating in sudden loss of air entry, severe respiratory distress
      and loss of consciousness, which necessitated endotracheal intubation for
      resuscitation. Pronounced improvement followed removal of two pseudomembranous
      bronchial casts from the airway by suctioning, and thereafter recovery was
      uneventful.

PMID- 953903
TI  - Tartrazine-containing drugs.
AB  - Pharmaceutical manufacturers producing or distributing drugs in Canada were
      surveyed between December 1974 and March 1975 to determine which of their
      products contained tartrazine, a pyrazole aniline dye. A list of some 580 drug
      products of the 156 manufacturers who responded is presented for aid in managing
      the tartrazine-sensitive patients.

PMID- 953904
TI  - Triiodothyronine and thyroxine interrelationships in health and disease.
AB  - With the recent development of radioimmunoassay techniques for the measurement of
      serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration, new concepts have arisen regarding the
      biologic role of T3 in health and disease and its interrelationships with
      thyroxine (T4). An awareness of the influence of clinical conditions that affect
      binding of thyroid hormone to plasma proteins is required in the interpretation
      of moderately increased or decreased serum T3 values. Hormone preparations
      containing T3 may produce transient increases in T3 concentration into the
      hyperthyroid range. Measurements of serum T3 concentration appear to be
      particularly indicated in clinical situations in which hyperthyroidism is
      suspected but serum T3 resin uptake and serum T4 values are normal, to exclude
      the T3-toxicosis syndrome. Also, when serum T4 values are in the hypothyroid
      range, measurement of serum T3 as well as serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations
      can lead to recognition of abnormalities in thyroid gland biosynthesis. Before a
      diagnosis of hypothyroidism is made on the basis of a low serum T3 value, one
      must exclude a variety of clinical nonthyroidal conditions that can result in
      changes in plasma T3 protein binding or impaired peripheral conversion of T4 to
      metabolically active T3 without producing a hypometabolic state.

PMID- 953905
TI  - Editorial: Canada and international health.

PMID- 953906
TI  - Editorial: Diabetic hearts and biguanides-a reply.

PMID- 953907
TI  - Editorial: Diabetic hearts and biguanides-a counter-reply.

PMID- 953909
TI  - Letter: The Canadian home fitness test.

PMID- 953908
TI  - Letter: Too many pills.

PMID- 953910
TI  - Letter: Adverse interaction of lithium carbonate and methyldopa.

PMID- 953911
TI  - Letter: Medical education: edifice or edification.

PMID- 953912
TI  - A case of cholera in Kingston, Ont.
AB  - A case of cholera occurred in Kingston, Ont. in 1974 in a traveller from South
      Africa. Treatment, based on an understanding of the pathophysiology of cholera
      diarrhea and the mechanism of action of the Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin on
      gastrointestinal fluid loss, consisted of correcting the severe loss of fluid and
      electrolytes and the metabolic acidosis, as soon as the patient could tolerate
      taking fluids orally, further fluid replacement consisted increasingly of oral
      administration of glucose and saline. Tetracycline therapy was given only to
      shorten the duration of the acute illness.

PMID- 953913
TI  - Laboratory investigation and infection control of cholera in Kingston, Ont.
AB  - Vibrio cholerae, biotype El Tor, was isolated in a hospital laboratory in
      Kingston, Ont. in 1974. Confirmation and complete identification by the Ontario
      regional and provincial public health laboratories was obtained within 3 days.
      Institution of well established infection-control and public health measures
      prevented spread of the infection within the hospital and the community.

PMID- 953914
TI  - Cholera: synopsis of clinical aspects and principles of treatment.
AB  - Cholera varies greatly in clinical severity; the mortality of untreated severe
      cholera may be as high as 60% The main clinical feature is dehydration; fluid
      lost in the stools may amount to 60/. Rehydration is the cornerstone of
      treatment. The amount of fluid required is approximately 10% of body weight in
      severe dehydration and 5 to 8% in moderate dehydration. Fluid therapy, which must
      be individualized, may be successful on its own, but chemo-therapy shortens the
      duration of illness. Tetracycline (in adults, 40 mg/kg for 2 days; in children,
      50 mg/kg for 2 days) reduces the fluid loss and eliminates the causative
      organisms. Vaccination is of limited value.

PMID- 953915
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta in adults.
AB  - Thirty-six patients, 19 men and 17 women, presented at age 18 or older between
      1952 and 1974 with coarctation of the aorta. Of the 14 (39%) who had associated
      cardiovascular disease, 12 had aortic stenosis or insufficiency or both. Three
      patients had infections-two, endocarditis (aortic valve) and one, endarteritis.
      Three of the seven patients who did not undergo an operation are alive, two at
      more than 50 years of age. Five patients had myocardial infarctions, two at 35
      years of age. Twenty-nine (80%) had operations; in eight instances the patient
      was over age 40. All 18 patients undergoing repair of isolated coarctation
      survived, while only 7 of the 11 patients with associated cardiovascular lesions
      who underwent repair recovered. Aortic valvular disease and myocardial infarction
      are serious complicating factors in coarctation of the aorta.

PMID- 953916
TI  - Cardiac hemolytic anemia resolving after second mitral annuloplasty.
AB  - Following an episode of rheumatic carditis, severe mitral incompetence developed
      in a 9-year-old girl. A mitral annuloplasty succeeded for a short time in
      ameliorating her symptoms of cardiac failure. However, mitral incompetence
      recurred and was accompanied by severe anemia and hemosiderinuria. Distortion of
      erythrocytes was evident on a peripheral blood smear. A second mitral
      annuloplasty resulted in resolution of the hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 953917
TI  - Design and evaluation of head unit for wheelchair control by quadriplegic
      patients.
AB  - A control unit was designed to allow persons who have lost hand and arm function
      to control the speed, steering, reversal and on-off switching of an electric
      wheelchair by means of backward movement and rotation of the head. When possible,
      shoulder movement was used to control both reversal and on-off switching.
      Clinical evaluation in 10 patients with quadriplegia and 2 with severe
      neuromuscular disease showed that the unit neither interfered with nor restrained
      the patients' residual body movements, permitted use of natural head movements
      for smooth and fast control of the wheelchair, and was well accepted by and
      integrated into the life of the patients.

PMID- 953918
TI  - Hodgkin's disease following thorium dioxide angiography.
AB  - Hodgkin's disease occurred in a 53-year-old man who, 25 years previously, had
      undergone cerebral angiography, for which thorium dioxide suspension (Thorotrast)
      was used. Deposits of throium dioxide were noted in reticuloendothelial cells in
      various locations. An association between thorium dioxide administration and the
      subsequent development of malignant tumours and neoplastic hematologic disorders
      has previously been reported.

PMID- 953919
TI  - Transmission of hepatitis B by a human bite: an occupational hazard.
AB  - Hepatitis B developed in a policeman 15 weeks after he was bitten on the hand. A
      few days after the bite hepatitis B developed in the assailant. The bite had
      drawn blood and this method of inoculation was presumed to be the route of
      transmission of the virus. Compensation was awarded on the grounds that this was
      an occupationally acquired disease.

PMID- 953920
TI  - Scabies masquerading as Letterer-Siwe's disease.
AB  - Letterer-Siwe's disease was diagnosed from clinical appearance and initial
      assessment of a skin biopsy in a child with a 2-month history of skin rash. Fine
      erythematous papules were scattered on the trunk. The biopsy showed epidermal
      thickening and an inflammatory infiltrate chiefly in the upper layers of the
      dermis; deeper in the dermis the infiltrate was perivascular and
      periappendicular, histiocytes predominating in some areas and lymphocytes in
      others. A diagnosis of scabies was made after burrows were demonstrated on palms
      and soles and the mite of scabies was isolated from them.

PMID- 953921
TI  - Morphine-like substances and the pituitary gland.

PMID- 953922
TI  - Editorial: Diabetes mellitus in the aged.

PMID- 953923
TI  - Editorial: Misunderstanding, misadventure and the need for clarity in medical
      writing.

PMID- 953924
TI  - Letter: Severe variable decelerations in fetal heart rate.

PMID- 953925
TI  - African cattle tick infesting a Canadian.

PMID- 953926
TI  - Letter: Influenza immunization in children.

PMID- 953927
TI  - Letter: Diabetic day-care unit.

PMID- 953928
TI  - Letter: Investigation and treatment of allergic asthma.

PMID- 953929
TI  - Letter: Munchausen variant.

PMID- 953931
TI  - Letter: Rupture of plantaris tendon.

PMID- 953930
TI  - Letter: Geriatric medicine.

PMID- 953932
TI  - Letter: Smoking restrictions in hospitals.

PMID- 953933
TI  - Phenylketonuria variants in Ontario.
AB  - Since mass screening of the newborn population for phenylketonuria (PKU) by the
      Guthrie test was begun in Ontario in July 1965 many variants of PKU have been
      recognized in the 96 to 97% screened. Seventy-one cases of classic PKU were
      detected (four were missed). Of 48 cases of persistent hyperphenylalaninemia
      discovered, 18 were classified as atypical PKU and 30 as persistent benign
      hyperphenylalaninemia. Numerous infants with transient hyperphenylalaninemia
      (initial values over 10 mg/dl in 12), in many instances the result of transient
      neonatal tyrosinemia, were discovered. There was a slight predominance of males.
      Serum phenylalanine values of up to 15 mg/dl seemed to be harmless to the
      developing brain. A survey of 67 247 adults in the general population revealed 1
      person with PKU and 1 with persistent benign hyperphenylalaninemia; both had
      normal intelligence quotients. Of 1548 mothers of retarded children tested, none
      had hyperphenylalaninemia.

PMID- 953934
TI  - Removal of amantadine hydrochloride by dialysis in patients with renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - Two patients with Parkinson's disease and renal insufficiency had excessively
      high concentrations of amantadine hydrochloride in the blood. The amounts of the
      drug removed by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis were small. However, since
      extrarenal elimination is negligible in such patients, frequently repeated
      dialysis may be required to remove the drug.

PMID- 953935
TI  - Restaging of breast cancer in a northern Alberta registry.
AB  - All breast cancer patients presenting preoperatively at the Dr. W.W. Cross Cancer
      Institute, Edmonton, since 1971 are included in a registry that provides detailed
      clinical and epidemiologic information on the nature of this disease in northern
      Alberta. For the 141 female patients who were seen preoperatively in 1971 and
      thereafter followed regularly, disease was restaged according to the 1973
      revision of the tumour-nodes-metastases (TNM) formula of Union internationale
      contre le cancer (UICC) to permit comparison with staging according to the 1968
      formula. The staging distribution was altered greatly because of major changes in
      the staging system. With the 1973 revision stage II includes disease without
      palpable lymph nodes and greater emphasis is placed on tumour size. Accurate
      preoperative staging and registration are essential for meaningful statistics and
      as an aid in patient management.

PMID- 953936
TI  - Management of the rape victim.
AB  - A woman's response to rape can be divided into three phases: an acute reaction,
      an intermediate stage and a period of resolution. Proper management of the
      physical and emotional problems of each phase, ideally by the woman's family
      doctor or gynecologist, may prevent future problems. Treatment during the first
      phase includes responding to the emotional needs of the patient as well as doing
      a pelvic and general physical examination to detect any injuries; information for
      possible legal procedures may be obtained quickly and efficiently. Follow-up
      particularly psychological, is important in the second and third phases.

PMID- 953937
TI  - Don't forget the children.
AB  - Serious illness or hospitalization of a parent is potentially destructive to the
      mental health of the child. Stress is caused by both the separation and the
      illness itself. If the physician does not ensure that the situation is explained
      to the child, it is likely the child will be confused and frightened and any
      attempts at clarification will be blocked in the attendant family dysfunction.
      The general principles of prevention are to share the facts of the situation with
      the child and to allow him his natural and varied reactions. The family interview
      is useful in clearing up misunderstandings, sharing feelings and working out
      family roles.

PMID- 953938
TI  - Occurrence of two cases of cryptococcosis within 3 months on the same general
      medical ward.
AB  - Two cases of systemic cryptococcal infection occurred on the same general medical
      ward within 3 months. The patients had been on the same ward for 5 days. Both had
      other diseases associated with depression of cellular immune responses had
      received immunosuppressive drugs.

PMID- 953939
TI  - Which neuroses need specialist care?
AB  - In order to differentiate the neurotic patient who both needs and responds to
      psychiatric care from the majority of neurotic patients, who do not need this,
      carefully matched pairs of neurotic patients being treated at psychiatric and
      nonpsychiatric clinics in Montreal were followed up for 1 year. Improvement was
      substantial regardless of treatment, and the psychiatrically treated, on the
      whole, improved only slightly more than the others. However, one type of patient
      improved greatly under psychiatric care while improving almost not at all without
      it--introverts who considered themselves unhealthy but found life manageable, had
      avoided taking time off work or using anxiolytic drugs and appeared to handle
      their frustrations without repressing their irritation or losing self-control. It
      is suggested that it is mainly this type of neurotic that should receive
      specialist referral.

PMID- 953940
TI  - Masculinizing granulosa cell tumour.
AB  - A 23-year-old woman had oligomenorrhea, underdevelopment of the breasts, moderate
      hirsutism and increased serum testosterone values associated with a benign
      noncystic granulosa cell tumour of the left ovary. She was frail, irritable and
      apathetic. Since the age of 7 she had had periodic abdominal pain with nausea,
      vomiting and dizziness; irritability and occipital headache appeared when she was
      older. Her symptoms resolved and the masculinization did not progress after the
      tumour was removed. Only six similar well documented cases have been reported.

PMID- 953941
TI  - Here's a scenario that would turn back health care decisions to the provinces.

PMID- 953942
TI  - Canadian physicians make notable input in Paris into proceedings of international
      congress on group medicine.

PMID- 953943
TI  - International society for the history of medicine holds first meeting outside
      europe in quebec city.

PMID- 953944
TI  - Physicians are prominent on Order of Canada.

PMID- 953945
TI  - Point Pleasant Lodge: Halifax's answer to problems in medical accomodation.

PMID- 953946
TI  - Alberta task force on suicide problem finds present attitudes inadequate.

PMID- 953947
TI  - Symposium--psychiatric education.
AB  - The process of learning in groups, as exemplified by the author's experience in a
      multidiscipline conference on a surgical ward of a general hospital has been
      examined. A sequence of six developmental states has been identified: initial
      ambivalence; passive receptivity; resistance; task orientation; the work group
      and consolidation. These findings have been compared with those of other studies
      dealing with sequential stages in group development. The psychiatric consultant's
      role in expediting these phases and some of the difficulties encountered have
      been mentioned.

PMID- 953948
TI  - Supervision of psychotherapy with psychiatric residents. 1 model.
AB  - Training of psychiatric residents should include supervised experience in
      psychotherapy, whatever the mode of practice the psychiatrist-to-be will later
      choose. Individual supervision of psychotherapy on patients seen at least once a
      week for a year offers the best opportunity for learning in this area. The
      supervisor has a teaching role which includes showing the resident how to look
      more objectively and insightfully at the material, serving as a partial model of
      a professional identity, and giving direct didactic help regarding the subject of
      psychotherapy. Such an experience leads togrowth and development of the resident
      in his professional role as psychotherapist.

PMID- 953949
TI  - Utilizing reflected countertransference Applying the reflection process as a
      teaching tool in supervision.
AB  - There are times when teaching cannot proceed through the abstract presentation of
      content and must progress by the demonstration of what is to be taught. This is
      true whenever a student is unable, for whatever reason, to appropriately apply
      such abstract material to the concrete task before him. This may be due to a
      number of factors, one of the most common of which is the lack of qualitatively
      similar experiences to which to refer. The teaching of complicated processes such
      as psychotherapy is an example, especially when the trainee is relatively
      unsophisticated and/or seems unable to abstract from discussion of blocking
      phenomena, where it may become necessary to "act in" the feeling tones which are
      to be the cues for the behaviour to be learned, instead of persisting with
      abstract interpretations. When, in supervision, a supervisee recreates the
      conditions existing in the therapeutic situation, this procedural behaviour is
      called the "Reflection Process". This process often appears to be unconsciously
      motivated by the need of the supervisee to solicit from the supervisor a
      practical demonstration which he does not know how to solicit otherwise. Even if
      the Reflection Process is due mainly to unresolved, unconscious conflicts of the
      supervisee, it can be a useful clue as to what transference-countertransference
      problems he is having difficulties with. The fact that such behaviour on the part
      of the supervisee may arise out of unresolved unconscious conflictual material
      should not become a reason for dismissing it. Instead, supervisors should become
      proficient at recognizing the countertransferential feelings in themselves, which
      can be an accurate reflection of the feelings troubling the supervisee in his
      dealings with this patient; and they should recognize the distress signal on the
      part of the supervisee, which can often be responded to constructively. In the
      supervision, the supervisor at times can, almost unwittingly, come to play the
      role which the supervised therapists plays in the supervised therapy and, if not
      aware of the Reflector Process, he may not realize that the countertransferential
      feelings which underly his assuming that role may not be primarily a response to
      the character of the therapist he is supervising but rather to that of the
      patient. They may also be a reflection of the process problem in the supervised
      therapy. It is not essential that this process be labeled in the supervision;
      what is essential is that its ramifications be recognized by the supervisor.

PMID- 953950
TI  - Training in child and adolescent psychiatry: selection, academic performance and
      outcome.

PMID- 953951
TI  - Survey of the evaluation methods used in child psychiatry training programs.

PMID- 953952
TI  - SELF-INDUCED TELEVISION EPILEPSY. A study of 2 patients.
AB  - A unique method of deliberate self-induction of epileptic seizures, using the TV
      screen was encountered in two young women. Both suffered from highly
      photosensitive primary generalized corticoreticular orcentrencephalic epilepsy.
      Self-precipitation developed in periods of their life when spontaneous attacks no
      longer occurred. The seizures consisted of absence or generalized tonic clonic
      attacks. (The latter are almost never encountered in "hand waving", the most
      common form of self-induction reported in the literature.) The seizures were
      almost always induced in situations of guilt and/or frustation. They were
      followed by a feeling of tension relief rather than pleasure. Both patients were
      reluctant to discuss the circumstances under which self-induction occurred, and
      had difficulty in accepting psychotherapy or complying with antiepileptic
      medication. The similarity between the two young women was striking, and suggests
      that patients with this and other forms of self-induced epilepsy should be more
      fully studied from a psychiatric point of view.

PMID- 953953
TI  - Effects of paternal exposure to prolonged stress on the mental health of the
      spouse and children. Families of Canadian Army survivors of the Japanese World
      War II CAMPS.

PMID- 953954
TI  - The oedipus complex. A critical re-examination.
AB  - The Oedipus complex no longer holds the crucial role in psychodynamics attributed
      to it by Freud. Attempts to distinguish between oedipal and pre-oedipal
      disturbances are brought into question, and it is suggested that the complex
      reflects many non-psychosexual issues, particularly separation-individuation. Ten
      views of the Oedipus complex are critically reviewed.

PMID- 953955
TI  - Treatment of advanced malignancy with CCNU (NSC 79037): a phase II cooperative
      study with long-term follow up.
AB  - CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, NSC-79037) was used to treat
      advanced malignancies in 329 evaluable patients. The treatment dosage was 130
      mg/m2 for patients with adequate bone marrow reserve and 100 mg/m2 for those with
      compromised bone marrow. Oral treatment was repeated at 6-week intervals unless
      hematologic toxicity intervened. There were four complete responses: two in
      ovarian cancer, one with small cell carcinoma of the lung, and one with melanoma.
      Tumor response greater than 50% reduction in tumor size occurred in 39 patients
      (11.9%) while stable disease (no change or decrease or increase of less than 50%
      in tumor size) was noted in 152 patients (46.2%). Tumor progression occurred in
      130 cases. Melanomas and ovarian and lung cancers had the highest response rates.
      Bone marrow depression was the major side effect of treatment; there was a
      significant positive correlation between the severity of leukopenia and
      thrombocytopenia and tumor response to treatment.

PMID- 953956
TI  - Methyl-CCNU, alone and in combination with vincristine, or vincristine and
      methotrexate, in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - Ninety-two patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma were prospectively
      randomized according to performance status, histology, and extent of disease to
      methyl-CCNU alone; methyl-CCNU and vincristine; or methyl-CCNU, vincristine, and
      methotrexate. Seventy-three patients were evaluable. Randomization to methyl-CCNU
      alone was discontinued when only three brief "static" responses were noted in 11
      patients and the survival (p less than .01) and time on study (p less than .05)
      were noted to be significantly less than with the combination. Two of 32 patients
      treated with methyl-CCNU and vincristine, and two of 30 patients treated with
      methyl-CCNU, vincristine, and methotrexate had mixed responses with a median of
      67.5 days.  A static response was seen in eight of 32 and none of 30 patients,
      respectively. Minimal toxicity occurred in all regimens. Methyl-CCNU alone or in
      combination with vincristine or vincristine and methotrexate is of limited
      benefit in patients with lung cancer, although our data suggest (p = 0.15) that
      the addition of methotrexate increases time on study and survival in patients
      with extensive disease.

PMID- 953957
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis: complete remission with combination chemotherapy.
AB  - A case of a 16-year-old girl with malignant histiocytosis involving the lymph
      nodes, bone marrow, peripheral blood, liver, and spleen is described. This
      patient achieved a complete remission with cyclic quadruple chemotherapy
      consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (COPP).
      She is alive and free of disease more than 4 years after the completion of COPP
      and after having had maintenance treatment with a small dose of cyclophosphamide
      for 2 3/4 years. Such good results with the COPP regimen in malignant
      histiocytosis have not been reported previously, and it is suggested that this
      modality of treatment warrants further trial.

PMID- 953958
TI  - Skin ulcers due to adriamycin.
AB  - Local skin necrosis at the site of intravenous or intra-arterial adriamycin
      infusion is an infrequent, but serious complication. Ulcers secondary to
      adriamycin have insidious beginnings, but progress to a much deeper extent than
      would be expected from their initial appearance. Deep structures, such as tendon
      or bone, may become exposed. The ulcers are indolent and do not develop a
      granulation tissue response or epithelialization, as might be expected from their
      early appearance. Injections of adriamycin in the dorsum of the hand should be
      avoided when possible, since tendons have little skin cover and the area is
      difficult to cover with local tissue if there is skin loss. While prevention is
      important, early surgical treatment may prevent progressive deep involvement and
      seems warranted when the patient has a life expectancy of months or years. Wide
      excision of all inflamed tissue is the treatment of choice, with split-thickness
      skin grafting or flap coverage.

PMID- 953959
TI  - Single view mammography: a simple and efficent approach to breast cancer
      screening.
AB  - In 1974 a new approach to breast cancer screening was introduced--the single view
      mammography method. An urban nonselected population of 6845 women of more than 34
      years of age were screened with one roentgenogram of each breast. By this method
      it has been possible to reduce the radiation dose, while the patient flow is
      increased and the costs are decreased to an acceptable level. Forty cases of
      breast carcinoma were detected (6.7/1000). Twenty cases were preclinical.

PMID- 953960
TI  - Routine full-lung tomography in the initial staging and treatment planning of
      patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - The yield of additional information from anteroposterior full-lung tomograms that
      changed stage or treatment, in comparison to that obtained from routine chest
      radiographs, was prospectively evaluated in 243 previously untreated patients
      with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although new information was
      found in 21.4% of all patients, in only 1.2% did these additional data change
      patient staging. In 3.3% of the other patients the tomograms provided information
      that affected radiotherapy treatment planning as practiced in our institution.

PMID- 953961
TI  - The value of the liver scan in preoperative screening of patients with
      malignancies.
AB  - This study analyzes the value of the liver scan as a preoperative screening
      procedure for occult liver metastases in patients with melanoma, sarcoma, head
      and neck carcinoma, and pelvic carcinoma. The records of 566 consecutive patients
      admitted to the Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute between 1969 and
      1974 were reviewed and 323 patients were found acceptable for inclusion in the
      study. In these patients, although the liver scan had an overall accuracy of 95%,
      the scan identified only 50% of the patients with occult metastases to the liver
      and did not siginificantly add to the yield of the other screening procedures. It
      was useful as an adjuvant to an abnormal routine workup to confirm and localize
      metastases to the liver. Scans with only non specific abnormalities were of
      little help. Liver metastases were not identified in any patients with sarcoma,
      head and neck cancer, or clinically localized carcinoma of the cervix. Therefore,
      the liver scan was determimed to be an unnecessary part of their screening
      workup. Patients with recurrent or advanced carcinoma of the cervix and advanced
      melanoma were found to have an increased incidence of liver metastases. There was
      a 10% incidence of occult metastases to liver in patients with melanoma and the
      incidence increased with advancing clinical stage of disease. Even in this high
      risk group of patients the screening liver scan did not significantly add
      information to that gained by history, physical examination, and blood work.

PMID- 953962
TI  - Bone scanning in lymphoma.
AB  - The results of bone scanning with the newer technetium-99m complexes were
      correlated with clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings in 26 patients
      with malignant lymphoma (10 with Hodgkin's disease and 16 with non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas). Abnormalities on bone scan compatible with lymphomatous involvement
      of the skeleton appeared to occur more commonly in patients with diffuse
      lymphomas than in patients with nodular lymphomas and were generally observed in
      the setting of advanced disease (15 of 23 patients). Twenty-seven (73%) of the 37
      scans obtained were abnormal. Although abnormal scans were observed with the
      greatest frequency in patients with bone pain (11 of 11), bone marrow involvement
      (11 of 12), abnormal skeletal radiographs (11 of 11), and elevated serum alkaline
      phosphatase levels (5 of 6), bone scanning also detected lymphomatous involvement
      in patients free of pain or with normal laboratory tests. Moreover, conventional
      radiography was entirely normal in six (35%) of 17 patients with abnormal scans
      and revealed only nonspecific osteopenia in another two patients (12%). Serial
      bone scans in nine patients reflected their response to chemotherapy. Of the 37
      scans, only one was judged falsely positive and one falsey negative. Bone
      scanning with 99mTc complexes is a safe, simple, and sensitive screening
      procedure for detecting both extensive and focal lymphomatous involvement of the
      skeletal system and is a useful means of following such involvement in response
      to treatment.

PMID- 953963
TI  - Immunocompetence, immunosuppression, and human breast cancer. I. An analysis of
      their relationship by known parameters of cell-mediated immunity in well-defined
      clinical stages of disease.
AB  - General immune competence was examined 255 breast cancer patients, including 104
      operable, 44 locally advanced/inoperable, and 44 with demonstrable metastatic
      dissemination, all at the time of diagnosis, as well as 63 disease-free long
      survivors; this was compared with that of 100 normal controls. The parameters
      employed were PPD and DNCB skin testing, lymphocyte response to PHA mitogen, E
      rosette formation, and lymphocyte number. Significant patients, with only 31%
      showing optimal and 25% showing minimal levels of immune function, as compared
      with 70% optimal and 2% minimal function in controls. Immune competence was not
      affected by metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes. In patients with
      early, occult metastatic dissemination (as determined in retrospect), the degree
      of immune competence was found to be identical to that of patients who did not
      develop disease dissemination. Remarkably, this early phase of tumor spread is
      not accompanied by immune impairment, such as is evident in clinically
      demonstrable metastatic disease and, to a lesser degree, in advanced local and
      regional disease. Since tumor dissemination preceded impairment of general
      immunocompetence, it emerges as the cause rather than the result of
      immunosuppression. Long disease-free survivors, who had postoperative irradiation
      5-12 years previously, were shown to have a notably low level of immune
      competence. Lymphocyte response to PHA stimulation was found to be impaired in
      the earlier stages of disease, while skin DHR was still well maintained; in
      advanced disease both parameters tend to correlate as total immunologic
      impairment ensues. The sequence of immunologic events leading up to
      immunosuppression with disease progress is discussed.

PMID- 953964
TI  - Multiple pulmonary leiomyomatous hamartomas: report of a case with ultrastructure
      examination.
AB  - The electron microscopic features of pulmonary leiomyomatous hamartoma, very rare
      neoplasm, were studied. Characteristic smooth muscle cells containing
      microfilaments, dense bodies, plaques, pinocytotic vesicles, and basal lamina
      were present. Fibrosis was minimal, which supports the belief that this component
      is a secondary phenomena.

PMID- 953965
TI  - On the nature of desmoplastic melanoma.
AB  - Pathologic study demonstrated lentigo maligna melanoma in three of four cases of
      desmoplastic melanoma and demonstrated spindle cell masses with features of
      atypical fibroxanthoma in all four of the cases. Pigment enzymes of melanosomes
      were not found in the mesenchymal portion of the tumor. The cellular atypia and
      the histochemical and ultrastructural findings favor the fibroblastic nature of
      this melanoma-related dermal mass.

PMID- 953966
TI  - Siderosis of lymph nodes patients with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Lymph nodes removed from 28 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease all
      contained markedly increased amounts of hemosiderine, whether or not they were
      histologically involved in the disease. This finding was particularly striking in
      patients with the nodular sclerosis type of disease. Abnormal deposits of iron
      were also noted frequently in lymph nodes containing metastatic carcinoma,
      lymphoma of non-Hodgkin's type, and reactive hyperplasia, but in each case, with
      the exception of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, the amount was significantly
      less than seen in Hodgkin's disease. The findings suggest that in patients with
      Hodgkin's disease and perhaps in those with other disorders in which abnormal
      tissue retention of iron underlies sideropenic anemia, lymph nodes are an
      important site of iron retention.

PMID- 953967
TI  - Effects of human and experimental cancer on the conversion of 14C tripalmitin to
      14CO2.
AB  - 14C Tripalmitin was administered intraperitoneally to control mice and to mice
      bearing subcutaneous Krebs-2 carcinoma. The rate of excretion of 14CO2 was
      studied. The presence of a tumor induced a greater than 80% suppression of the
      formation of 14CO2 within 24 hours from the implantation of the tumor, thus
      allowing unambiguous identification of the tumor-bearing mice. When cancer
      patients were studied, along with normal volunteers and patients with non
      neoplastic diseases, 14CO2 excretion data could be used to identify the cancer
      patients with an overall accuracy of 84%.

PMID- 953968
TI  - Effects of nitrogen mustard and splenectomy on mouse bone marrow colony formation
      in vitro.
AB  - Improved tolerance of splenectomized patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) to
      radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been reported. The present study was undertaken
      to determine the effects of splenectomy and nitrogen mustard (NM) on colony
      forming cells (CFC's) of bone marrow cells obtained from CF1 male mice by in
      bitro agar-gel technique. Splenectomized mice were given NM intraperitoneally on
      day 11. On day 15, they were sacrificed and the bone marrow was cultured with a
      source of colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Spleen extract was prepared by
      grinding spleens from CF1 mice. On the eighth day of incubation, significantly
      higher numbers of CFC's were found in splenectomized animals at 1% confidence
      level (F Test) compared with the nonsplenectomized animals. Both splenectomized
      and non-splenectomized mice had a greater colony response after NM (at 5%
      confidence level) than saline-treated controls. Maximum numbers of colonies were
      obtained in the nustard-treated asplenic animals. Splenic extract, as well as
      extracts from other organs, when added to the culture plates resulted in
      inhibition of colony formation. The significance of in vitro inhibition after
      addition of organ extract is uncertain.

PMID- 953969
TI  - Blastic phase of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia simulating malignant lymphoma.
AB  - A patient with angogenic myeloid metaplasia in blastic transformation with
      unusually prominent lymphadenopathy simulating lymphoma is described.
      Interestingly, the initial evidence of myeloblastic transformation was present in
      the lymph nodes but not in the marrow. Serial bone marrow biopsies showed
      fibrosis throughout the course of the disease, in spite of a gradual increase in
      the percentage of peripheral blood myeloblasts. Aneuploidy with a marker
      chromosome and a Philadelphia-like chromosome was present in the lymph node, bone
      marrow, and peripheral blood cells. The literature is reviewed regarding the
      incidence of prominent lymphadenopathy and chromosome abnormalities in agnogenic
      myeloid metaplasia and other myeloproliferative disorders.

PMID- 953970
TI  - Oncocytic neoplasms of salivary glands: a report of fifteen cases including two
      malignant oncocytomas.
AB  - Fifteen oncocytic (oxyphilic granular cell) neoplasms of the salivary glands
      collected from three large university medical centers are presented. The
      histologic and ultrastructural criteria that characterize oncocytes are presented
      and electron micrographs of two of our cases are discussed. Included in the
      series are 10 benign oncocytomas, two malignant oncocytomas and three benign,
      oncocytic pleomorphic adenomas. The clinical and pathologic features of benign
      oncocytomas are reviewed, with special attention to the variety of gross and
      microscopic changes present. The literature on malignant oncocytomas is
      critically reviewed, diagnostic criteria are evaluated, and a unique case is
      discussed in detail. Reference is made to a group of neoplasms that we designate
      as benign locally aggressive oncocytomas. The problem of differential diagnosis
      between oncocytoma and bening, oncocytic pleomorphic adenoma is considered.

PMID- 953971
TI  - Carcinoma metastatic to the eye and orbit III. A clinicopathologic study of 28
      cases metastatic to the orbit.
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-seven cases of carcinoma metastatic to the eye and orbit
      have been reviewed previously. The orbit alone was involved in 28 cases: theses
      lesions constitute the basis of this clinicopathologic study. The most common
      signs and symptoms produced by orbital metastasis included exophthalmos (75%1,
      pain (29%), decreased vision (29%), periorbital swelling (25%), a visible mass
      (21%), ophthalmoplegia, and diplopia (18%). The ophthalmologists' preoperative
      (or premortem) clinical diagnoses were: orbital mass, 36%; metastatic carcinoma,
      29%; leukemia, 7%; melanosarcoma, 4%; mixed tumor of lacrimal gland, 4%; and
      meningioma, 4%. The sites of the primary tumors in the 28 patients with orbital
      metastasis were as follows: breast, eight; lung, four; genitourinary tract, four;
      pancreas, one; and ileum, one. In 10 patients the site of the primary carcinoma
      was not determined. In 17 of the 28 patients, symptoms of orbital metastasis
      preceded detection of a primary tumor elsewhere in the body. In 10 of the
      remaining 11 patients, detection of the primary tumor had preceded the onset of
      orbital symptoms. In one patient, symptoms of the primary tumor and of orbital
      metastasis appeared at about the same time. The median survival of patients with
      carcinoma metastatic to the orbit was 15.6 months from the time of orbital
      surgery. This was much better than the median survival of the 227 patients in the
      overall study (7.4 months) and far better than the median survival of the
      patients with metastasis to the anterior segment of the eye (only 5.4 months).

PMID- 953972
TI  - Urinary polyamine levels in patients with localized malignancy.
AB  - Polyamine levels (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) were determined in 24
      hour urine samples by a high voltage electroporesis techique. Twenty-four of 26
      patients with localized malignant tumors had two or more elevated urinary
      polyamine levels. Seven of 12 patients with regional spread of their cancer and
      five of 11 patients with localized benign and/or noninvasive tumors had elevated
      urinary polyamine levels. Elevations were seen more frequently frequently in
      patients with gynecologic tumors. Our data suggest that there is no significant
      difference between the individual of total polyamine levels obtained in patients
      with localized malignant tumors, and those levels obtained in patients previously
      studied with widespread metastatic disease.

PMID- 953973
TI  - Cervical cancer control: a study of morbidity and mortality trends over a twenty
      one-year period.
AB  - Data from a 21-year period are presented to evaluate the effects of a mass
      cytologic screening program on uterine cancer morbidity and mortality in
      Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky. The success of screening was greatest in
      the younger age groups. There was a fall-off after age 45 years, especially in
      those age 60 years or older. Women at highest risk for cervical cancer, in the
      low socioeconomic quartile, had a better initial screening rate than the two
      middle-income quartiles, and had the highest rate of all women for subsequent
      rescreening. The greatest decrease in both morbidity and mortality was in women
      under the age of 50 years. Women age 30-39 and 50-59 years benefitted the most,
      as measured by mortality, with a decrease of 70.8 and 69.0%, respectively. There
      was no change in mortality rates for those age 70 years or older. Although the
      average annual age-adjusted rate increased from 13.2 to 15.3/100,000 women over
      the 21-year period.

PMID- 953974
TI  - Population cancer screening.
AB  - Controlled trials to evaluate mass screening programs for cancer detection have
      been singularly lacking. High cost, lack of medical manpower, and low yield have
      contributed to this problem. A new program in cancer detection (CANSCREEN) has
      been developed jointly by The Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia and the
      Preventive Medicine Institute in New York City. This program attempts to provide
      a quality cancer-detection examination with increased cost effectiveness.
      Features include: 1) a self-administered questionnaire on medical history,
      symptoms, and risk factors; 2) nonphysican examiners; 3) risk-facotr analysis
      with a predetermined decision logic to determine type and periodicity of
      examination; and 4) primary intervention (health education). This collaborative
      program between two institutions in two cities demonstrates the feasibility of
      introducing similar programs elsewhere. A data base shared by cooperating centers
      permits information on all patients to be used for evaluation of new techniques,
      end results, etc. A randomized controlled trial has been designed to evaluate the
      effectiveness and efficiency of the questionnaire alone and of the questionnaire
      and examination.

PMID- 953975
TI  - Parathyroid adenoma and nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in patients with hyperparathyroidism has been
      reported as higher than expected. We record our experience with 272 cases of
      primary hyperparathyroidism. Malignant thyroid lesions were found in 11.4%. We
      conclude that this is more than a fortuitous association.

PMID- 953976
TI  - Melanomas of the lower extremity among native Puerto Ricans.
AB  - The clinical features of 57 melanomas of the lower extremity occurring in native
      Puerto Ricans were studied. Whereas most melanomas of the lower extremity among
      Caucasians occur above the ankle, the group studied showed a predilection for the
      foot, particularly in the minimally pigmented zones (sole, heel, and nail bed), a
      distribution similar to that reported in black patients. The possibility that
      pigment-deficient areas may represent the target organ for sunligh-induced
      melanomas in Negroes and dark-skinned subjects is discussed.

PMID- 953977
TI  - Second-look operation in ovarian carcinoma: postchemotherapy.
AB  - One hundred and three patients with advanced ovarian cancer underwent a second
      look operation following chemotherapy. Patients should have ten or more courses
      of chemotherapy before second-look operation. Those patients with no evidence of
      disease at second laparotomy should discontinue their chemotherapy. Patients who
      continued chemotherapy after the second-look operation did better than those who
      were treated with radiation after surgery. Only patients with clinical remission
      benefit from the second-look procedure. Advantages of second-look operations
      following chemotherapy are discussed.

PMID- 953978
TI  - The investigation and management of Hodgkin's disease in the pregnant patient.
AB  - The management of Hodgkin's disease during pregnancy is reviewed in the light of
      experience from 15 patients. The modification of the investigative procedures
      during pregnancy is discussed and the use of the single-film (at 24 hours)
      lymphogram is described. The importance of an individual treatment policy for
      each patient, after careful consideration of the facts of the case, is emphasized
      and the dangers of inadequate therapy are stressed.

PMID- 953979
TI  - The sleep assignment: a way to learn problem solving.

PMID- 953980
TI  - Refresher perspectives.

PMID- 953981
TI  - Diary of a retread.

PMID- 953982
TI  - Dilemma.

PMID- 953983
TI  - Chromosomal characteristics of malignant lymphoma in northern pike (Esox lucius)
      from the United States.
AB  - Chromosome analyses were performed on tumor cells and normal hematopoietic cells
      of northern pike bearing malignant lymphomas. The normal pike karyotype contains
      50 acrocentric chromosomes, among which the sex chromosomes are not identifiable
      by available techniques. Metaphases from 19 primary lymphomas showed a consistent
      pattern of chromosome anomalies consisting of 1 submetacentric marker, 1 minute
      marker, and 3 to 5 pairs of smaller-than-normal chromosomes, set within a mode of
      50 and a range of 46 to 54. Occasional cells had 2 identical submetacentric
      markers. Cells from presumptively normal renal hematopoietic tissue in 41
      lymphoma-bearing pike showed the euploid karyotype, with the exception of 2 cases
      in which some cells with the neoplastic pattern were found. This probably
      indicated occult neoplastic involvement of renal hematopoietic tissue, in spite
      of the absence of histological evidence of involvement. In many cases, some of
      the cells taken directly from lymphomas bore the normal karyotype. It is not
      known whether these cells were reactive lymphoid cells or lymphoma cells that had
      not developed those anomalies typically associated with the tumors. The findings
      do not permit a conclusion regarding agent versus cellular transmission. However,
      the pike lymphoma is an excellent example of a neoplasm with a karyotypic
      "signature."

PMID- 953984
TI  - Bacterial proteinaceous products (bacteriocins) as cytotoxic agents of neoplasia.
AB  - Several bacteriocins, bacterial proteinaceous antibiotics, are shown to markedly
      inhibit the division of various established (neoplastic) mammalian cell lines.
      The bacteriocins tested originated from Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio eltor. Using exponentially growing L60T mouse
      fibroblasts, the inhibitory effect was concentration dependent, and a growth
      inhibitory unit, equivalent to cytotoxic index 50, was established. Expression of
      toxicity as a function of duration of exposure to pyocin required 3 to 4 hr. DNA
      synthesis was inhibited and reflected the effects on growth inhibition. Maximal
      sensitivity to the bacteriocin was observed prior to mitosis in the G2 phase of
      the cell cycle.

PMID- 953985
TI  - Effect of defibrination on tumor growth and response to chemotherapy.
AB  - Other investigators have demonstrated fibrin deposition in tumors. Experiments
      were therefore designed to test whether systemic defibrination would alter tumor
      growth or tumor response to chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide. Defibrination
      with Ancrod, a venom extract of Agkistrodon rhodostoma, did not significantly
      affect tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy. Similarly, defibrination plus
      fibrinolytic therapy with streptokinase did not affect responsiveness to
      cyclophosphamide. Long-term defibrination did not affect tumor growth. These
      results suggest three possible interpretations: (a) the coagulation system may
      not be important in tumor growth and response to chemotherapy; (b) adequate
      clearing of fibrin from the tumor was not accomplished in our experiments; or (c)
      other factors such as platelet deposition may be involved and platelet function
      was not inhibited by the therapies used in our experiments.

PMID- 953986
TI  - Conversion of the oncogenic 1-methylguanine 3-oxide to 3-hydroxy-1
      methylxanthine.
AB  - Deamination of the oncogenic 1-methylguanine 3-oxide occurs to a significant
      extent in rats to yield 3-hydroxy-1-methylxanthine and its metabolites. When 3
      hydroxy-1-methylxanthine is administered, 1-methyl-8-methylthioxanthine can be
      recovered from urine and released from hepatic protein. No 1-methyl-8
      methylthioguanine was detected in urine or bound to protein. There is no evidence
      of significant activation of 1-methylguanine 3-oxide by sulfotransferase, but
      deamination to the oncogenic 3-hydroxy-1-methylxanthine suffices to explain its
      oncogenicity.

PMID- 953987
TI  - Tumoricidal properties of mouse macrophages activated with mediators from rat
      lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A.
AB  - Macrophage-activating factor (MAF) was obtained from cultures of normal F344 rat
      lymphocytes incubated with insoluble concanavalin A. The MAF rendered macrophages
      from normal C57BL/6 mice cytotoxic against the syngeneic B16 melanoma and the
      allogeneic AC 15091. At the same time, normal syngeneic or allogeneic embryo
      cells were unharmed, even in the presence of susceptible tumor cells. Optimal MAF
      levels followed incubation of lymphocytes for 48 hr with Sepharose-bound
      concanavalin A. A 2-hr incubation of macrophages with MAF was sufficient to
      initiate activation, providing that 46 hr were allowed to elapse before tumor
      cells were added. The MAF activity was enhanced after heating the supernatant to
      199 degrees. Control experiments largely excluded the possibility that residual
      unbound concanavalin A caused the observed macrophage-mediated tumoricidal
      effects.

PMID- 953988
TI  - Lack of carcinogenicity of 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, and 10-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene
      on mouse skin.
AB  - Seven phenols of benzo(a)pyrene (4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, and 10
      hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene) were tested for carcinogenicity on mouse skin by
      application of 0.4 mumole of compound once every two weeks for 56 weeks. None of
      the seven phenols tested was carcinogenic to mouse skin, while treatment with the
      same dose of benzo(a)pyrene produced tumors in 92% of the treated animals. The
      lack of carcinogenicity of 7- and 8-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene indicates that the
      strong carcinogenic activity previously reported for benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-oxide was
      not due to either phenolic isomerization product of this arene oxide.

PMID- 953989
TI  - Multiple sites of action of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene rat hepatic nuclear
      transcription.
AB  - This study attempts to identify the site(s) of action of N-hydroxy-2
      acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) in relation to its inhibition of rat hepatic
      nuclear RNA synthesis. Two hr after N-OH-AAF injection (3 mg/100 g body weight),
      rat hepatic nuclear synthesis and nucleolar RNA synthesis in vitro were inhibited
      by 60 and 80%, respectively. When total nuclear RNA polymerases were solubilized
      and assayed in the presence of alpha-amanitin (3.2 mug/ml), only alpha-amanitin
      sensitive activity was reduced (50%) by N-OH-AAF. Diethylamino-ethyl-Sephadex
      column chromatography confirmed this finding and further demonstrated that RNA
      polymerase II was the activity selectively inhibited. Since N-OH-AAF dramatically
      inhibited nucleolar RNA synthesis but had little effect on RNA polymerase I
      activity, per se, we therefore concluded that, in addition to its direct
      inhibitory effect on the enzymic function of RNA polymerase II, N-OH-AAF must
      also cause impairment of the nucleolar DNA template function.

PMID- 953990
TI  - Inhibition of DNA synthesis in normal and malignant human cells by triazinate
      (Baker's antifol) and methotrexate.
AB  - Triazinate (TZT), a triazine folate antagonist, is a potent inhibitor of
      dihydrofolate reductase from mammalian cells. Because antitumor activity of
      triazinate in experimental tumors correlated closely with the in vitro inhibition
      of DNA synthesis in tumor cells derived from these tumors, we studied cells from
      patients with leukemia, solid tumor effusions, and cells from normal marrow to
      determine their in vitro sensitivity to TZT. DNA synthesis in cells from patients
      with acute leukemia was less sensitive to TZT than it was to methotrexate (MTX)
      at 2 X 10(-6) M concentration of the inhibitor, whereas the sensitivity was
      similar at 10(-5) M. This could be accounted for by the known greater sensitivity
      of dihydrofolate reductase to MTX than to TZT, and the observation that, whereas
      intracellular drug levels were similar at low (2 X 10(-6) M) extracellular
      concentrations of TZT or MTX, at the higher (10(-5) M) extracellular drug
      concentration intracellular TZT was greater than 3 times intracellular MTX. In
      vitro inhibition of DNA synthesis in cells obtained after patients were treated
      with TZT was correlated with drug serum concentration and with leukemia cell
      kill. The sensitivity of cells from solid tumor effusions to TZT was similar to
      the sensitivity to MTX. Since patients can tolerate doses of TZT five times
      higher than MTX with less toxicity, there may be advantage to the clinical use of
      TZT in some tumor cell types.

PMID- 953991
TI  - Abnormalities of complement and its components in patients with acute leukemia,
      Hodgkin's disease, and sarcoma.
AB  - Whole complement and component titers were measured in patients with acute
      leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and sarcoma. Serum samples were obtained from 42
      consecutive patients and 11 healthy control subjects. Sera were frozen and
      maintained at -70 degrees until analyzed by hemolytic assay. Titers were
      normalized using a titer obtained from a single source of pooled human serum
      analyzed simultaneously with each patient sample to correct for day-to-day
      variation inherent in the assay technique. Significant elevations (p less than or
      equal to 0.05) of whole complement and C5, C8, and C9 were observed for each
      patient category, compared to controls. Forty-one of 42 patients had C9 titers
      greater than or equal to 2 S.D. above the mean titer for controls. Mean C3 and C7
      titers were not elevated or depressed in any group. No clinical factors that
      correlated with abnormal complement or component titers were identified.

PMID- 953992
TI  - Multiphasic incidence of foreign body-induced sarcomas.
AB  - Single or multiple plastic films (unplasticized vinyl chloride vinyl acetate
      copolymer) of different sizes and shapes were implanted s.c. in female CBA/H and
      CBA/H-T6 mice. Tumor incidence increased and accelerated with increased total
      surface area of multiple implants or with increased size of single implants.
      Tumor distribution curves over time were generally multiphasic. The profiles
      changed in proportionate relation to implant size. These findings indicate class
      differences between tumors according to latency. Since latency is known to be a
      predetermining characteristic of foreign body-induced tumors, class differences
      seem to exist at the originator cell level, reflecting diversity of intrinsic
      carcinogenic factors.

PMID- 953993
TI  - Distribution and excretion of (3H)vincristine in the rat and the dog.
AB  - The distribution and excretion of tritiated vincristine were studies in the rat
      and the dog. Biphasic curves for the disappearance of the drug from blood were
      found in both species, with an initial half-life of approximately 15 min and a
      secondary half-life of approximately 75 min. Tissue levels were high in 1 hr in
      the rat and declined rapidly, except in the brain where very low levels of drug
      were found at all times. The bile was found to be the major route of excretion.
      The peak rate of excretion in bile was found to occur earlier in the rat (10 min)
      than in the dog (60 min). Rats given a higher dose of vincristine (1.0 mg/kg)
      excreted a larger percentage of the dose in the bile than rats given a lower dose
      (0.1 mg/kg). In rats given a low dose of vincristine (0.1 mg/kg), more than 85%
      of the drug was excreted in the feces and the urine over 72 hr. Less than 10% of
      the total radioactivity in the bile and urine was metabolites whereas, in the
      plasma, metabolites accounted for 40% of the total radioactivity.

PMID- 953994
TI  - The specificity of concomitant tumor immunity at large tumor volumes.
AB  - Two antigenically distinct fibrosarcomas, designated BP-8 and BP-9, induced in
      syngeneic C3H/HeN mice by 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene were used to study tumor-specific
      immunity, concomitant tumor immunity and the effect of large tumor volumes on the
      loss of immunological reactivity. Two groups of mice were immunized to the BP-8
      tumor by amputation of growing BP-8 isografts. One group was rechallenged with
      the BP-8 cells, and tumor growth was not noted. Both groups of mice then received
      an inoculum of BP-9 cells that grew to palpable tumors to the same extent as in
      control mice. BP-8-immunized mice bearing progressively larger PB-9 tumors were
      sacrified at varying intervals after the BP-9 isograft. Tumor weight was recorded
      as a percentage of total body weight and viable spleen cells from these animals
      were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against BP-8 and BP-9 cells in the
      [125I]iododeoxyuridine microcytotoxicity assay. Spleen cells from untreated mice
      were used as controls. The mice with growing BP-9 tumors developed an immune
      reaction against the tumor antigens which increased with time from initial tumor
      isograft and with increasing tumor size up to a definite but variable limit.
      Cytotoxicity to BP-9 cells rose from 18% when the BP-9 tumor was not palpable to
      a maximum of 77% when the tumor represented 5 to 10% of the total body weight.
      Cytotoxicity to BP-9 fell progressively as tumor size exceeded 15% of the total
      body weight and approached the 10% background cytotoxicity of control lymphocytes
      to BP-9 cells, when the tumor weight achieved 25% of the animal's weight.
      Conversely, cytotoxicity of lymphocytes against the BP-8 tumor did not vary
      significantly and remained about 41 to 44% over the same interval even while
      specific reactivity to BP-9 cells significantly decreased. In addition, with
      time, lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to the BP-8 tumor increased from 41 to 70%
      if the BP-8-immunized mice had been rechallenged with antigenically identical BP
      8 cells prior to the BP-9 isograft. These data suggest that loss of
      immunoreactivity at large tumor volumes is tumor and, presumably, antigen
      specific. No evidence of a generalized immune paralysis was demonstrated, since
      the mice always maintained immunity to the BP-8 tumor despite progressive and
      lethal growth of the antigenically distinct BP-9 tumor.

PMID- 953995
TI  - Humoral regulation of cell-mediated immunity to syngeneic tumor.
AB  - Inoculation i.p. of C57BL/6 mice with FBL-3 cells, a syngeneic Friend virus
      induced leukemia, results in progressive growth of ascitic tumors; in contrast,
      s.c. inoculation of FBL-3 cells produces transient, localized tumor growth; the
      recipients are then subsequently resistant to further i.p. challenge of this
      tumor. Experiments were performed to study the effects of humoral factors that
      might be present in the ascitic fluid and that could affect the growth of the
      tumors and the host immune response. It was found that ascitic fluids obtained
      from various murine tumors could indeed promote the s.c. growth of FBL-3 cells.
      Furthermore, administration of these ascitic fluids was found to suppress the
      induction of both the primary and secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic responses to
      FBL-3 cells in vivo and in vitro and to inhibit the effector phase of these cell
      mediated cytotoxic reactions in vitro. These studies indicate that the ascitic
      fluids obtained from tumor-bearing hosts contain humoral factors that can promote
      tumor growth and suppress immune responses.

PMID- 953996
TI  - Peripheral leukocyte migration inhibition reactivity to breast cancer antigens in
      patients with breast cancer and in normal controls.
AB  - The peripheral leukocyte migration inhibition test has been used to assess
      cellular immunity to soluble antigen extracts of breast cancer in patients and
      normal controls. In sequential tests over several weeks, 23 of 23 patients with
      breast cancer in remission reacted intermittently, with 67 of 139 tests (48%)
      being positive (greater than or equal to 20% migration inhibition). Similarly, 6
      of 10 patients in relapse reacted intermittently showing 16 of 61 positive tests
      (26%) and 126 of 129 normal females reacted intermittently showing 135 of 512
      positive tests (26%). The mean percentage of migration inhibition for all tests
      in patients in remission was 16.4 +/- 1.2% and that for normal controls was 7.2
      +/- 0.7%; this difference was highly significant (p less than 0.001). The value
      for all tests in patients with relapse was 11.8 +/- 1.4%; this was statistically
      lower than that for patients in remission (p less than 0.05) but statistically
      higher than that for normal controls (p less than 0.05). A few normal women, some
      with high risk factors such as a strong family history and/or fibrocystic and
      proliferative disease, had a mean percentage of migration inhibition value in the
      range of that for patients with breast cancer. Mean values of sequential tests
      may be a more meaningful index of cellular immunity against breast cancer antigen
      in all groups.

PMID- 953997
TI  - The reversible expression of an adult isozyme locus, Gdc-1, in tumors of the
      mouse.
AB  - Tumors of the mouse possess 2 isozymic forms of L-glycerol-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) (EC 1.1.1.8) that can be distinguished from each other
      by their heat inactivation and electrophoretic properties. These isozymes share
      certain structural features, since dissociation and reassociation of mixtures of
      the 2 isozymes lead to the generation of a hybrid molecular species. This finding
      suggests that the structural genes for these isozymes are closely related. A
      number of spontaneous and transplantable tumors of the mouse have been analyzed
      in order to assess whether the pattern of embryonic and adult alpha-GPDH isozyme
      expression is correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation. The results
      indicate that no correlation between the type of isozyme expressed and the degree
      of tumor differentiation or growth rate was evident. A striking correlation
      exists, however, between the physical form of the tumor and isozyme expression;
      all solid tumors possess, predominantly, the adult isozymic form of L-glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase, whereas all ascites tumors, including embryoid bodies
      from ovarian and testicular teratomas, possess the embryonic form. A solid tumor,
      the C1300 neuroblastoma, that initially possessed the adult isozyme, was cultured
      in vitro; this resulted in the disappearance of the adult isozyme and predominant
      expression of the embryonic isozyme. Reinjection of cultured neuroblastoma cells
      into a host mouse produced a solid tumor that possessed the adult isozyme. The
      exclusive presence of either adult alpha-GPDH in solid tumor growths or embryonic
      alpha-GPDH in ascites tumor growths after converting from one physical forms of
      the tumor to the other, strongly supports a genetic regulatory mechanism which
      depends on the reversible repression and activation of the structural loci for
      these isozymes.

PMID- 953998
TI  - In vivo clonogenic tumor cell kinetics following 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea brain tumor therapy.
AB  - An in vitro colony formation assay was modified to determine the effects of in
      vivo 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea therapy on tumor cell kill and
      subsequent clonogenic cell kinetics. The measured surviving fraction must be
      multiplied by the relative total number of tumor cells for each posttreatment
      interval in order to eliminate inaccuracies caused by dead cell removal in vivo
      and the lysis of damaged cells by the disaggregation procedure. The assumptions,
      limitations, and applications of the technique are discussed. 1,3-Bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea doses of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 X dose lethal to 10% of
      animals resulted in approximately at 1-, 2-, and 3-log cell kill, respectively.
      Significant proliferation of surviving clonogenic cells was observed after a
      latency period of approximately 2 days, and the rate of tumor regrowth was dose
      dependent. The cell-doubling times following treatment with 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00
      X doses lethal to 10% of animals were 15, 21, and 38 hr, respectively. The
      interval to complete repopulation of the clonogenic pool corresponds to the
      observed increase in animal life-span for the 2 larger doses and further
      validates the assay as a true measure of in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 953999
TI  - Effects of grafts of single anterior pituitary glands on the incidence and type
      of mammary neoplasm in neutron- or gamma-irradiated Fischer female rats.
AB  - Three batches comprised of 48 young adult Fischer female rats each were subjected
      to total-body irradiation with 50 rads modified fission neutrons, or were given
      600 rads 137Cs gamma-rays, or served as unirradiated controls. On the day
      following exposure, one-half of each batch was grafted with a single anterior
      pituitary gland beneath the left kidney capsule. The animals were observed for
      mammary neoplasia and all those that died during the experiment were autopsied.
      The experiment was terminated 538 +/- 13 days after irradiation when all neutron
      irradiated, pituitary-grafted animals had one or more mammary tumors. Only 2 of
      the 23 untreated rats that survived until termination of the experiment developed
      mammary fibroadenomas, and none had mammary carcinomas. The incidence of
      fibroadenomas was increased, and a single carcinoma was found, in unirradiated
      rats with pituitary grafts. Irradiation alone caused an increase in the incidence
      of mammary fibroadenomas and the appearance of carcinomas. Fibroadenomas were
      markedly increased by the addition of pituitary grafts to irradiation. Carcinoma
      incidence was less markedly affected. The neutron dose of 50 rads was slightly
      more effective in inducing mammary neoplasms than the 600-rad dose of gamma-rays.

PMID- 954000
TI  - Growth rates of normal and abnormal human mammary epithelia in cell culture.
AB  - The in vitro growth rates of different classifications of human mammary
      epithelium were compared. Samples included 4 established breast cell lines and
      excised tissue or breast fluid cells originating WOMEN FOR 40 DIFFERENT AND
      comprising 3 classifications: normal, nonmalignant atypical, and malignant.
      Growth was quantitated in situ and expressed as population-doubling time.
      Principal findings were: (a) malignant cells divided at a slower mean rate than
      normal cells; (b) population-doubling time values of malignant cells were more
      heterogenous than those of normal cells; (c) cultures from nonmalignant atypias
      showed population-doubling time means and standard deviations between those of
      normal and malignant cells; and (d) long-term mammary tumor cell lines divided
      more slowly than did normal cells. Discussion includes implications of data for
      the preneoplastic state and cell culture of mammary epithelium.

PMID- 954001
TI  - Hyperplasia of the parathyroids and the pituitary in rats with experimental
      leydigiomas and inhibitory effect of several steroids.
AB  - Bilateral orchidectomy performed on 10- to 15-day-old Wistar rats, immediately
      followed by the homograft of one testis into the splenopancreatic epiploon,
      resulted 6 months later in leydigiomas at the site of the graft in 100% of the
      animals. After this latency period, the tumors continued to grow proportionately
      to time elapsed and were associated with both pituitary microadenomas of the
      aldehyde-fuchsin-, aldehyde-thionin-periodic acid-Schiff-, and periodic acid
      Schiff-positive cells and diffuse hyperplasia of the parathyroids, affecting in
      particular the chief cells of the latter. After a 6- or 12-month leydigioma
      latency period, the rats were given a daily treatment by gavage for 45 days of
      one or two of the following steroids: Compound A, 17alpha-ethynyl, (5alpha)
      androst-2-en, 17beta-ol (17 beta-acetate) (5 mg/kg when alone; 2.5 mg/kg when
      combined); Compound B, 17 alpha-ethynyl, (5 alpha)-androst-2-en, 17 beta-ol (17
      beta-nicotinate) (always given in combined form at 2 mg/kg); Compound C, 16
      oximinoestrone, 3-allyl ether (2 mg/kg when combined). The treatments caused, in
      various degrees, (a) involution of the leydigiomas until complete disappearance
      in up to 50% of the cases; (b) recovery of the characteristic morphological
      pattern of the pituitaries; and (c) cytolysis and interstitial fibrosis in the
      previously hyperplastic parathyroids.

PMID- 954002
TI  - The effect of colchicine on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - The induction of mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase, 1 of the earliest and
      largest phenotypic changes following treatment of mouse skin with the tumor
      promoting agent, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, can be inhibited by prior
      administration of colchicine. Maximal inhibition of this enzyme induction was
      observed when colchicine was injected i.p. 90 or 120 min before promoter
      treatment, although time intervals up to 20 hr between colchicine and promoter
      treatment were effective. The effect of colchicine was dose dependent, with a
      dose as low as 25 nmoles/mouse causing an inhibition of 35%. Other microtubule
      disrupting agents, vinblastine, vincristine, and Colcemid, had a similar effect
      on ornithine decarboxylase activity. However, beta, gamma-lumicolchicine, a
      photochemical derivative of colchicine with no antimitotic or microtubule
      disrupting ability, and cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of microfilament-dependent
      processes, had no effect. N6, O2'-dibutyryl 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate,
      when administered just before colchicine, blocked the inhibitory action of
      colchicine. The results of these studies suggest that colchicine-sensitive
      structures, most likely containing microtubules, may be mediating elements
      between the binding of tumor promoters, perhaps to specific cell surface
      receptors, and the subsequent induction of ornithine decdaboxylase.

PMID- 954003
TI  - Action of the vinca alkaloids vincristine, vinblastine, and desacetyl vinblastine
      amide on microtubules in vitro.
AB  - The Vinca alkaloids differ in their chemotherapeutic effectiveness and their
      toxicities. To determine whether differences are due to a differential effect on
      the assembly of tubulin into microtubules, we examined the effects of
      vincristine, vinblastine, and a newer alkaloid, desacetyl vinblastine amide, on
      the assembly of bovine brain tubulin in vitro. The three compounds block bovine
      tubulin polymerization in vitro and almost equally effectively at a 1 muM
      concentration (tubulin, 6.5 muM). At 10 muM, the three alkaloids also interact
      with preformed microtubules in vitro, causing spiral-like distortions of the
      microtubules. No effect of the alkaloids on polymerization of another fibrous
      protein, actin, was observed. Thus the differential actions of vinblastine,
      vincristine, and desacetyl vinblastine amide in vivo seems to be based on some
      biological process other than the reaction with tubulin or the microtubules per
      se.

PMID- 954004
TI  - Alterations in adriamycin efficacy by phenobarbital.
AB  - Adriamycin dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired liver function,
      since adriamycin disposition is influenced by liver metabolism and biliary
      excretion. It follows that drugs that increase the metabolism or excretory
      capacity of the liver may decrease adriamycin concentrations to suboptimal
      values. Adriamycin metabolism was therefore studied in mice pretreated with
      phenobarbital (75 mg/kg i.v.) by injection. After an i.v. dose of adriamycin (30
      mg/kg i.v.), plasma fluorescence due to drug and metabolites was less and
      disappeared at a greater rate in phenobarbital-pretreated mice than control
      animals. When extracted with chloroform: isoprophyl alcohol (1:1), the livers
      from the phenobarbital-pretreated group yielded a greater concentration of
      glycones. Experiments with liver microsomes confirmed that aglycone production
      occurred at a more rapid initial rate in phenobarbital-induced livers. No
      increase in aldoketo reductase (daunorubicin reductase) activity was noted.
      Phenobarbital-pretreated mice, inoculated i.p. with 1 million L1210 cells and
      then treated with adriamycin (6 mg/kg i.v.), had significantly lower survival
      than did controls (p less than 0.01). These findings show that phenobarbital
      affects the disposition of adriamycin by microsomal enzyme induction and suggest
      that drugs that induce microsomal enzymes should not be used concurrently with
      adriamycin if optimal drug efficacy is desired.

PMID- 954005
TI  - Fetal calf serum-induced blastogenic and cytotoxic responses of human
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Incubation of normal human peripheral blood lymphoid cells in fetal calf serum
      supplemented media initiates blastogenic and nonspecific cytotoxic responses. A
      panel of lymphocytes from 13 normal donors exhibited increased [3H]thymidine
      incorporation from 2 to 40 times that of control lymphocytes incubated in pooled
      human AB-supplemented media. Fetal calf serum-sensitized human lymphoid cells
      were active in cytotoxicity assays against a wide variety of cultured human tumor
      and normal target cells. Cytotoxicity continued to increase from 3 to 9 days of
      incubation in fetal calf serum-supplemented media, while blastogenic response
      peaked at 6 days of incubation. Cytotoxic and blastogenic responses increased
      with higher concentrations of fetal calf serum. Once stimulated with fetal calf
      serum, the lymphocytes did not require the continued presence of fetal calf serum
      to mediate a cytotoxic reaction.

PMID- 954006
TI  - A viral immunodepressive factor associated with experimental mouse tumors.
AB  - An immunodepressive factor (IDF) capable of inhibiting the rejection of
      allogeneic lymphomas in mice was detected in a number of transplantable mouse
      tumors. The allograft reactivity of the host was impaired for at least 10 months
      after IDF administration. No clinical evidence of bacterial or viral infection
      was detected in IDF-treated animals. Sera collected from mice at various
      intervals after injection of IDF showed a great increase in the IDF-titer. The
      IDF persisted in mouse sera for at least 3 months, whereas no IDF activity was
      found in sera of rats given injections of the factor. IDF was capable of
      replicating in vitro in mouse embryo cells, but not in rat embryo or HeLa cell
      cultures. IDF was inactivated in vitro by heat (65 degrees for 30 min),
      ultraviolet light or ether, but not by ethyl alcohol. These studies indicate that
      IDF is a virus capable of producing a long-lasting asymptomatic infection
      specifically interfering with the host's allograft reactivity. In several
      instances a close association between the lactic dehydrogenase virus and IDF was
      found. Nevertheless no conclusion was reached on the identity or nonidentity
      between the two viruses.

PMID- 954007
TI  - Chemistry and structure-activity studies of the nitrosoureas.
AB  - The N-nitrosoureas are the most active of a variety of N-nitroso compounds tested
      against L1210 leukemia in mice. Structure-activity studies show that the N-(2
      chloro(or fluoro)ethyl)-N-nitrosoureido grouping is necessary for high-level
      activity in this test system, but a variety of carrier groups can be attached to
      the N'-nitrogen of the urea. For high-level activity against solid tumors in
      rodents, eg, the Lewis lung adenocarcinoma, the N'-substituent must be a
      cyclohexane ring, and the most active of these compounds are substituted at
      position 4 of the ring. The chemistry involved in the synthesis and reactions of
      the nitrosoureas is described. The possible relationship of the chemically
      reactive species generated by the decomposition of the nitrosoureas under in vivo
      conditions to biologic activity is discussed.

PMID- 954008
TI  - The nitrosoureas: an outline of clinical schedules and toxic effects.

PMID- 954009
TI  - Role of surgery in the treatment of malignant gliomas.

PMID- 954010
TI  - Nitrosourea chemotherapy for primary malignant gliomas.

PMID- 954011
TI  - Nitrosourea pharmacodynamics in relation to the central nervous system.

PMID- 954012
TI  - Therapy for gastrointestinal cancer with the nitrosoureas alone and in drug
      combination.

PMID- 954013
TI  - Randomized prospective trial comparing 5-fluorouracil (NSC-19893) to 5
      fluorouracil and methyl-CCNU (NSC-95441) in advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
AB  - The Southwest Oncology Group has confirmed the superiority of 5-fluorouracil (5
      FU) and methyl-CCNU versus 5-FU weekly as treatment for patients with advanced
      gastrointestinal cancers. The drug combination produced a PR rate of 29.3%
      compared to the single-drug arm rate of 10.6%; however, the two-drug arm produced
      much more toxicity. Despite the improved response rate no improvement in survival
      was observed.

PMID- 954014
TI  - The nitrosoureas--thoughts for the future.

PMID- 954015
TI  - Acute changes in high energy phosphates, nucleotide derivatives, and contractile
      force in ischaemic and nonischaemic canine myocardium following coronary
      occlusion.
AB  - Studies of ischaemic myocardium following occlusion of coronary arterial branches
      revealed a substantial decline in creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and
      total adenine nucleotide contents over 40 min. Contents of nucleotide breakdown
      derivatives increased significantly but transiently. Contractile force declined
      rapidly and stabilized at a low level. In nonischaemic muscle following occlusion
      creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and total nucleotide contents
      declined rapidly, although not to the degree seen in ischaemic muscle. Contents
      of derivatives increased only slightly. Contractile force increased.

PMID- 954016
TI  - An excitatory nociceptive cardiac reflex elicited by bradykinin and potentiated
      by prostaglandins and myocardial ischaemia.
AB  - Application of bradykinin to the exposed ventricular surface of the dog heart
      elicits a reflex cardiovascular response which includes a rise in blood pressure,
      tachycardia, renal vasoconstriction and muscular vasodilation. The reflex
      response depends on the dose of bradykinin and is increased by concomitant
      application of prostaglandin E1 or E2 and reduced by indomethacin. Temporary
      occlusion of the coronary artery supplying the area of the ventricle under study
      also sensitized the heart to topical application of bradykinin. Bradykinin and
      prostaglandins are released by the heart during ischaemia. We suggest, therefore,
      that bradykinin and prostaglandins acting in concert are the natural stimulus for
      excitation of the sensory receptors signalling the pain of myocardial ischaemia.
      We also suggest that the nervous reflex which arises from activation of
      sympathetic sensory nerve endings is the mechanism subserving the cardiovascular
      events which accompany anginal attacks.

PMID- 954017
TI  - Effect of heart rate on zonal tension and ischaemia following coronary occlusion:
      optimal rate for Treppe versus ischaemia.
AB  - The optimal heart rate in the immediate period following acute coronary occlusion
      has been controversial from the standpoint of arrhythmias and the extent of
      ischaemic injury. In the present study we have examined the effect of heart rate
      on both local myocardial contractile ability and ischaemia in 10 open chested
      dogs using strain gauge arches and epicardial electrograms. After sinus node
      destruction, atrial pacing was instituted for rate control at 100/min and
      increased randomly to 150, 175, and 200/min. Before coronary occlusion, total
      tension and rate of tension rise progressively increased at higher rates while ST
      segments demonstrated no significant changes. After coronary artery occlusion,
      total tension and rate of tension rise in the ischaemic zone decreased markedly
      and showed no significant change with increments in pacing rate. In the border
      zone, after the initial decrease in tension, pacing at 150 beats/min improved
      tension without a change in ST segments. However, when the rate was increased to
      175 and 200 beats/min, although border zone tension increased further, ST
      segments rose significantly. Thus, a heart rate between 100-150/min provides the
      optimal range for increasing contractile ability in the nonischaemic and border
      zones without adversely affecting the degree of ischaemic injury.

PMID- 954018
TI  - Effect of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on myocardial blood flow and performance in
      anaesthetized dogs.
AB  - The effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on haemodynamics, coronary blood flow,
      and lactate metabolism were evaluated in anaesthetized closed chest dogs.
      Coronary flow increased with increased pCO2 and oxygen consumption and left
      ventricular performance were well maintained. Hypocapnia reduced coronary flow,
      oxygen consumption, and left ventricular functional performance.

PMID- 954019
TI  - Effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on hypoxic heart muscle.
AB  - The ability of 30 mg/litre methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) to modify
      the effects of hypoxia on isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts was
      investigated. When perfused under hypoxic conditions (pO2 less than 0.8 kPa[6
      mmHg]) these hearts lose intracellular enzymes, including creatine phosphokinase
      (CPK) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH). The size of the extracellular space is
      enhanced, the cells gain Na+ and Ca2+ and lose K+, and the endogenous stores of
      ATP and CP are depleted. Initially the resistance to flow in the coronary
      circulation falls but after 75 min of hypoxic perfusion it increases so that
      coronary flow is reduced. MPSS failed to prevent hypoxic muscle from either
      gaining Na+ and Ca2+ or losing K+. It did, however, delay the release of CPK and
      SDH from the hypoxic muscle, prolong the phase of increased coronary flow, and
      decrease the rate of depletion of the energy-rich phosphate stores. MPSS
      potentiated the hypoxic-induced gain in Ca2+. Whilst the effects of MPSS on
      coronary flow and tissue Ca2+ were probably due to the steroid part of the
      complex, the other changes, including the protection of the ATP and CP stores and
      the delayed enzyme release, were probably due to the presence of the sodium
      succinate.

PMID- 954020
TI  - Influence of training on myocardial responses of rats subjected to conditions of
      ischaemia and hypoxia.
AB  - Physical training has been advocated to minimize the problems associated with
      coronary heart disease; however, the responsible mechanisms are obscure. Rats
      trained to run on a treadmill were subjected to acute conditions of hypoxia and
      myocardial ischaemia. Trained rats were better able to maintain a higher level of
      cardiac performance (dP/dt max) after hypoxia than non-trained rats, but no
      advantages were apparent after ischaemia. Biochemical data showed no myocardial
      differences between the groups in oxygen utilization or energy availability.

PMID- 954021
TI  - Influence of hyperthyroidism on glycerol-extracted cardiac muscle from rabbits.
AB  - The mechanism responsible for the enhancement of myocardial contractility in
      hyperthyroidism is unclear. The possibility that this mechanism may involve a
      direct effect on the contractile proteins was investigated using the glycerol
      extracted muscle strip from right ventricular papillary muscles of euthyroid
      rabbits and rabbits made hyperthyroid by the intraperitoneal injection of 0.25
      mg/kg 1-thyroxine for 10 d. Intact papillary muscles from the hyperthyroid
      rabbits had an enhanced rate of tension development, a decreased time to peak
      tension, and a slight though insignificant increase in active tension compared to
      control animals. Maximal isometric contractions were induced in glycerol
      extracted cardiac muscle strips from the two animal groups by the addition of 5
      mmol/litre ATP and 5 mmol/litre MgCl in a buffer solution containing 0.15
      mol/litre Tris-HCl (pH 7.1) at 26 degrees C. Peak isometric tension was increased
      in glycerinated muscle strips from hyperthyroid rabbits (1.52+/-0.10 vs 1.26 +/
      0.13g/mm2), but the differences did not reach statistical significance. However,
      there was a marked increase in the rate of tension development in the
      hyperthyroid group (62.5+/-5.4 vs 41.8+/-4.7 mg/mm-2/s, P less than 0.01). This
      increase in the rate of isometric tension development in both intact and
      glycerinated muscles from hyperthyroid rabbits may be related to changes in the
      intrinsic turnover of actomyosin cross-bridge links in this condition. Thus,
      these findings suggest that thyroid hormone may influence cardiac muscle function
      by a direct effect on the contractile proteins.

PMID- 954022
TI  - Coronary occlusion before, during, and after strenuous exercise.
AB  - Groups of dogs were exercised immediately before, and immediately after occlusion
      of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Coronary occlusion by a staged
      procedure resulted in a low mortality and rare ventricular ectopic beats. The
      combination of simultaneous exercise with coronary occlusion reproducibly
      provoked ventricular fibrillation (VF). Exercise before and after occlusion
      frequently produced ventricular tachycardia but no VF. The risk of major
      arrhythmias was related to the peak heart rate resulting from the exercise.

PMID- 954023
TI  - Tissue culture, protein and collagen synthesis in antibiotic sterilized canine
      heart valves.
AB  - Viability of canine heart valve leaflet fibroblasts was assessed after varying
      periods of sterilization and storage in antibiotic-nutrient solution. Tissue
      culture and assessment of protein and collagen synthesis showed that tissue
      obtained under optimal conditions rarely retains viability beyond 3 weeks in
      antibiotic-nutrient solution and is severely impaired after 2 weeks. This casts
      serious doubts on viability in current clinical homograft valve practice.

PMID- 954024
TI  - Viability in human heart valves prepared for grafting.
AB  - Viability of antibiotic sterilized and stored human heart valves obtained at
      routine necropsy was assessed by tissue culture and protein and collagen
      synthesis. Only three of 23 valves examined showed any evidence of viability, in
      striking contrast to earlier work on canine valves obtained under optimal
      conditions. These findings justify doubts regarding pre-implantation viability in
      human heart valves prepared for grafting.

PMID- 954025
TI  - Continuous imaging of regional myocardial blood flow in dogs using krypton-81m.
AB  - The unique physical properties of the freely diffusible gas krypton-81 m allowed
      continuous imaging of regional myocardial blood flow in dogs when infused into
      the aortic root. Regional changes in myocardial perfusion related to transient
      coronary artery occlusion were demonstrated both as high resolution gamma camera
      images and as a quantitative strip chart record.

PMID- 954026
TI  - [An attempt at determining the information content of electroencephalogram
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 954027
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinaemia and diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

PMID- 954028
TI  - [The present aspect of the correlation cartilage-bone (author's transl)].

PMID- 954029
TI  - [Evaluation of the physical condition of scientific workers. Results of the
      Czechoslovak contribution to the International Biological Program -- IBP (HA)].

PMID- 954030
TI  - [The activity of lysozyme and cellularity of cartilage in rats with experimental
      atherosclerosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 954031
TI  - [The age factor and the presence of paraprotein in active chronic hepatopathies
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 954032
TI  - [Bioelectric activation of water and its demonstration].

PMID- 954033
TI  - [Various immunological working places in Great Britain, France and Netherlands].

PMID- 954034
TI  - [Immunofluorescence microscopy of renal biopsies and its practical significance
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 954035
TI  - [Foetal ovary in chromosomal constitution 45, X (author's transl)].

PMID- 954036
TI  - [Sexual life of top sportsmen's wives (author's transl)].

PMID- 954037
TI  - [Our experiences with radioimmunological plasma and urinary aldosterone
      determination (author's transl)].

PMID- 954038
TI  - [Pericardial effusion during pulmonary carcinoma. On the article with the same
      title of J. Valchar, Cas. Lek.ces.,114,1975, 50, p.1546-50].

PMID- 954039
TI  - [The effect of age and drugs on the course of skin wound healing in humans
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 954040
TI  - [Psyche and electromagnetic fields (author's transl)].

PMID- 954041
TI  - [Modification of experimental pain by acupuncture].

PMID- 954042
TI  - [Hepatitis B antigen in hospital environement(author's transl)].

PMID- 954043
TI  - [Hepatitis b antigen in healthy children of school age (author's transl)].

PMID- 954044
TI  - [Current problems in oncology II. Long-term course of oncology in Moscow,
      October, November 1975].

PMID- 954045
TI  - Further studies of the epithelium covering preovulatory rabbit follicles with
      special reference to lysosomal alterations.
AB  - The fine structure of the surface epithelium over preovulatory rabbit follicles
      was examined parallel with visualization of acid phosphatase at the electron
      microscopical level. Small enzyme positive vesicles were pinched off from the
      Golgi cisternae and similar vesicles fused and got incorporated into larger
      lysosomes of dense body type. Some lysosomes appeared in direct continuity with
      tubular enzyme positive structures. Other possible ways of increase of the
      lysosomal pool are indicated and discussed. As in previous studies a maximal
      accumulation of lysosomes was found in the apical epithelium at 8 h after an
      ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG); thereafter a gradual loss
      of lysosomes ensued. Before the lysosomes disappeared from the surface epithelium
      they changed in character. They became more electron-lucent and revealed a fine
      fibrillar matrix. Dense bodies deep in the cell interior appeared to communicate
      with each other and with the extracellular space below the surface epithelium.
      Openings were never seen towards the peritoneal cavity. tthe loss of lysosomal
      content from the apical surface epithelium before follicle rupture appeared in
      many respects similar to the histamine release process in mast cells. tthe
      findings support our working hypothesis that the surface epithelium over
      tgraafian follicles is an essential source of proteolytic enzymes and that these
      may be released extracellularly and actively contribute to the dissolution of the
      follicular apex before rupture.

PMID- 954046
TI  - Developmental changes in synaptic formation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
      of female rats.
AB  - The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN) of female rats at 5, 20, 45 and 90 days
      of age was examined ultrastructurally. Axodendritic and axosomatic synapses were
      counted in 18,000 mum2 area of the ARCN in each brain. Axodendritic and
      axosomatic synapses in the ARCN of day 5 rats were very small in number. Axon
      terminals contained small spherical vesicles (SSVs, 40-60 nm in diameter).
      Occasionally large granular vesicles (LGVs, 75-130 nm in diameter) were found to
      coexist with SSVs in the endings. Pre- and postsynaptic membranes were thin. The
      ARCN at this age exhibited a large extracellular space which decreased with
      advancing age. In day 20 rats, axodendritic and axosomatic synapses increased in
      number up to about one-half of those of day 45 or day 90 animals. Synaptic
      vesicles increased in number and mitochondria were frequently encountered in the
      axon terminals. Pre- and postsynaptic membranes became thicker than those of day
      5 rats. Further increase in the number of axodendritic and axosomatic synapses in
      the ARCN of day 45 rats was observed, and there were no significant difference in
      the morphology and incidence of synapses between day 45 and day 90 rats. Synaptic
      vesicles were numerous and pre- and postsynaptic membranes were thick. In tissue
      incubated with 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OH-DA) before fixation, small granular
      vesicles (SGVs, about 50 nm in diameter) which were labeled with 5-OH-DA were
      detected in a certain number of endings in all material taken from each age
      group, but the incidence of synapses containing SGVs was usually low. From these
      results, it can be proposed that an increase in the number of synapses in the
      ARCN is correlated wihh functional maturation of the ARC neurons.

PMID- 954047
TI  - Studies with mature rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture. I. Propagation of
      isolated hepatocytes, morphological and biochemical in culture.
AB  - Differentiated cells have been established in monolayer culture from adult rat
      liver and their ultrastructural and biochemical features characterized after 20
      30 generations. Hepatocytes were isolated by enzyme perfusion of the liver
      followed by treatment with papain, which allowed cultures to be established more
      readily and to be cloned at an early stage. Ultrastructural studies indicated
      that the cells were derived largely from hepatic parenchymal cells. The cells
      showed structural modifications during primary culture but were stable
      thereafter. The cultured cells retained some differentiated functions unique to
      liver cells, including the synthesis of ornithine form arginine and the secretion
      of serum proteins, albumin, chi- and beta-globulins.

PMID- 954048
TI  - The effects of starvation on the planarian worm Polycelis tenuis Iijima.
AB  - Employing a combination of microscopical, biochemical and autoradiographic
      techniques, the primary effects of starvation on adult polycelis tenuis have been
      studied. Over a five week period of starvation there is on average a 32% decrease
      in the size of the organism. This decrease is contributed to by a reduction in
      mitosis and an increase in cell shrinkage autolysis and death. During starvation
      (following a sharp rise in RNA synthesis) there is a distinct sequence of events;
      four peaks of acid phosphatase activity can be resolved. The first is associated
      with the immediate response of the gastrodermis to feeding; the second (after 6
      to 7 days) with increased autophagy and dedifferentiation in the gland cells and
      with muscle lysis of cells. The third peak (after 14 to 15 days) is contributed
      to largely by the lysis of cells in the gut and the fourth peak (after 25 to 26
      days) is caused by an extensive lysis of the reproductive system. Fine structural
      changes involving increased intracellular vacuolation, autophagy, crinophagy,
      atrophy of muscle, increased intercellular space and loss of basement membrane
      matrix have been related to changes in enzyme pattern. Nerve cells appear
      unchanged throughout the first five weeks of starvation. Pigment and gland cells
      loose their characteristic granules, dedifferentiate and become morphologically
      similar to the undifferentiatied neoblasts. Dedifferentiation and the mechanisms
      involved in the survival of starvation are discussed.

PMID- 954049
TI  - Regional distribution of three ultrastructural retinula types in the retina of
      Cataglyphis bicolor Fabr. (Formicidae, Hymenoptera).
AB  - The retina of Cataglyphis bicolor was investigated by electron microscopy. Three
      types of structurally distinct retinulae were found and mapped throughout the
      compound eye: Type I is composed of four unpigmented thin cells, four larger
      pigmented cells as well as a basal ninth cell. Its rhabdom possesses a round
      cross section and four microvilli directions. This type occupies most of the
      dorsal two-thirds of the retina. Type II consists of two thin cells, two
      intermediate cells and four large cells. A basal ninth cell is also present; the
      rhabdom is as in type I. Type II retinulae are located in the ventral third of
      the retina. Type III ommatidia are unique within the Hymenoptera: there are four
      large pigmented cells, four thinner unpigmented cells and a basal ninth cell. The
      rhabdom, however, has a dumb-bell shaped cross section; two small cells lie at
      its opposed extremities and the remaining six cells have mutually perpendicular
      microvilli orientations. This type of retinula is found at the dorso-medial eye
      margin. Serial sectioning in this region revealed a conical shaped rhabdom
      without any torsion along the longitudinal axis. The rhabdomere cross section was
      calculated from distal and proximal thin sections. Angular statistics were
      applied to the microvilli directions of all three ommatidial types to determine
      the degree of order. A possible functional significance  of the structural
      specializations of the different eye regions is discussed.

PMID- 954050
TI  - The fine structure of the carapace integument of Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea
      Branchiopoda).
AB  - The structure of the two integumental layers comprising the carapace of female D.
      magna was examined at several points through the molt cycle. The epicuticle and
      procuticle are simple in organisation; pore canalsare absent but intracuticular
      fibres are present, forming complexes with invaginations of the epidermal plasma
      membrane similar to such complexes described in the literature for othe
      arthropods. The epidermis consist almost entirely of cuticle-secreting cells.
      Secretion of the new cuticle begins when 50-67% of the instar has elapsed by
      which time the epidermal cells have increased in height and their nuclei have
      become more rounded. However, other presumed secretory phenomena observed viz.
      the formation of dense core vesicles by Golgi bodies, and the occurrence of these
      and coated vesicles near the apical plasma membrane are not restricted to any
      particular period during the molt cycle. This suggests that the mechanisms of
      cuticle secretion do not undergo marked changes in activity as they do in
      decapods; presumably this relative continunity is related to the much shorter
      molt cycle of cladocerans.

PMID- 954051
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic studies on the development of the chick retina.
AB  - Fixed retinae of chick embryos and chicks of the first week after hatching were
      fractured and examined with the scanning electron microscope. The matrix cells of
      the retina proliferate up to the beginning of the second week. The migrating
      cells are oriented in cell cords. This columnar organizaion prevails up to the
      development of the plexiform layers formed as a consequence of the outgrowth of
      the dendritic and axonal cell processes. Special attention was paid to the
      differentiation of the ganglion, bipolar and receptor cells, and the radial
      fibers (Muller cells). Two main morphological patterns are significant for the
      organization of the retina during neurogenesis: a)the cell to cell contacts of
      migrating cells and b)the spatial arrangement of Muller cells which could provide
      guidelines for migration of neuronal elements.

PMID- 954052
TI  - Quantitative morphological study of smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia
      coli.
AB  - A quantitative study of muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli is reported.
      Stereological methods were used on electron micrographs and phase contrast
      micrographs. Smooth muscle cells of taeniae fixed under 1 gram load were about
      515 mum long. Muscle cell volume was about 3,500 mum3 and cell surface 5,300
      mum2. About 168,000 caveolae were found at the surface of each muscle cell,
      covering about 29% of its surface. They produced a 73% increase of the cell
      membrane compared to a smooth-surfaced cell. The ratio surface-to-volume is about
      1:0.67 if the geometrical surface is considered, or 1:0.39 if the total surface
      of the cell membrane (including the caveolae) is considered. Mitochondria
      constituted 3.5-4% of the cell volume. A few nexuses were observed, both between
      two muscle cells and between a muscle cell and an interstitial cell. In serial
      sections septa of connective tissue and groups of muscle cells were found to
      disappear within few tens of microns or to merge with other septa, and the taenia
      did not appear to be divided into clear-cut muscle cell bundles. Bundles of
      smooth muscle cells were seen passing from the taenia to the underlying circular
      muscle. The transverse sectional area of the taenia ranged between 0.14 and 0.39
      mm2; it showed about 526 blood vessels-mm-2.

PMID- 954053
TI  - Structural changes in smooth muscle cells during isotonic contraction.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli were studied in light and
      electron microscopy, in condition of mild stretch or of isotonic contraction.
      During contraction the cells increase in transverse sectional area and their
      packing density passes from 94,000-mm-2 to 18,000-mm-2. The percentage increase
      in transverse sectional area of the taenia is approximately the same as the
      percentage decrease in length. Measurements of cell transverse sectional area
      suggest that the individual cells shorten and fatten more than the taenia as a
      whole. Whereas stretched muscle cells run parallel to each other and show a
      fairly smooth surface, isotonically contracted cells are twisted and entwine
      around each other. Their surfaces are covered with myriad processes and folds.
      Longitudinal, transverse or oblique stripes are seen in light microscopy in the
      contracted muscle cells and it is suggested that they are related to the
      characteristics of the cell surface. In electron microscopy a complex pattern of
      interdigitating finger-like and laminar processes is observed. Caveolae are
      mainly found on the evaginated parts of the cell surface, dense patches are
      mainly (but not always) found on the invaginated parts. Desmosome-like
      attachments between contracted cells are frequent. The collagen fibrils run
      approximately parallel to the stretched muscle cells; on the other hand, they run
      obliquely and transversely around the isotonically contracted cells.

PMID- 954054
TI  - Studies on intracellular transport of secretory proteins in the rat exocrine
      pancreas. V. Kinetic studies on accelerated transport following caerulein
      infusion in vivo.
AB  - The previous finding that intracellular transport of secretory proteins in the
      rat exocrine pancreas is accelerated by in vivo stimulation with a pancreatic
      secretagogue has been further analyzed. Using a radioassay for discharge of newly
      synthesized proteins, the rate of release was compared in control and
      prestimulated lobules. In control preparations discharge occurred with an initial
      lag period of 30 minutes and a maximum after two hours of incubation. After in
      vivo infusion of 5 x 10(-8) g/hr. caerulein for 24 h in vitro discharge started
      after 10 minutes of in vitro incubation and attained a maximal rate after one
      hour. Using the same radioassay and several inhibitors of intracellular transport
      and granule discharge, it could be demonstrated that both processes were reduced
      to the same extent in controls and in lobules with accelerated transport. To
      obtain direct evidence for the degree of acceleration of the different transport
      steps between rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and zymogen granules,
      the respective subcellular fractions of these organelles prepared and
      characterized ultrastructurally and biochemically. The rate of disappearance of
      newly formed proteins from rough microsomes and the appearance in smooth
      microsomes and zymogen granules were significantly increased after in vivo
      stimulation. The data substantiate an acceleration of the regular transport steps
      by the secretagogue. There was no indication that a high level of secretory
      activity leads to a rerouting of secretory proteins or to an omission of one of
      the regular steps in intracellular transport.

PMID- 954055
TI  - Sieve structure of slit diaphragms of podocytes and pore cells of gastropod
      molluscs.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the slit diaphragms between the pedicels of the podocytes
      of the prosobranch Viviparus viviparus and between the cytoplasmic tongues of the
      haemocyanin producing pore cells of the pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis was
      investigated. In both cell types 2 diaphragms are present in the slits. They form
      a 3-dimensional sieve structure with holes of respectively 90 x 110 A (podocyte)
      and 200 x 220 A (pore cell). Injection experiments showed that the size of the
      holes of the pore cell sieve matches that of particles which can be ingested by
      theis cell type. The substructure of the sieves of the molluscs is compared to
      that of the 2-dimensional sieve of the podocytes of the mouse and the rat.

PMID- 954056
TI  - Monoaminergic neurons in the nervous system of crustaceans.
AB  - Certain neurons in the nervous system of the malacostracan crustaceans give rise
      to a predominantly green and a sparse yellow fluorophore in the histochemical
      fluorescence method of Falck-Hillarp. The same applies to the whole of Crustacea.
      The green fluorophore is probably a catecholamine; the yellow to brown-yellow has
      not yet been identified. The biogenic amine responsible for the green
      fluorescence, besides being found in diffusely distributed fibres, also appears
      in distinct areas of fibre concentrations in the central nervous system. The
      protocerebrum of the malacostracans contains three areas: the central body and
      two areas in the top of the brain, one anterior and one posterior. The latter two
      are not recognized as separate areas in ordinary histological preparations. In
      addition, the optic neuropiles are fluorescent, some with a distinct
      stratification of the fluorophore. The deuto- and tritocerebrum and the ventral
      nerve cord also contain monoaminergic neurons. Of the brightly fluorescent areas
      in the whole of Crustacea, only the central body consistently exists in all
      species. The other areas of concentrated fluorescent neuropile are restricted to
      smaller taxonomic units and differ from each other.

PMID- 954057
TI  - Some features of the ultrastructure of the coenecium of Rhabdopleura compacta.
AB  - The coenecium of Rhabdopleura consists of a series of tubes, some erect and some
      repent. These tubes are composed of rings, one stacked within another. The rings
      are smooth on the inside surface and rough outside. Newly laid down rings are
      thin and smooth on both surfaces, fibrous material is laid down on the external
      surface during growth in thickness by the cephalic shield of the zooid. The erect
      tubes remain discrete, but the repent tubes, which are attached to the substratum
      can become incorporated in a mass of secreted material. The external vertical
      fibres cross several rings and probably serve to anchor the stack. Besides these
      fibrils that run for several segments, there are other shorter fibres that run
      along the length of each cylindrical ring, and are not continuous across the
      rings. These long and short fibres have features in common with those found in
      the graptolites.

PMID- 954058
TI  - Digestive enzyme secretion in Stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae).
AB  - Enzyme assays and morphological and histological studies show that the opaque
      zone midgut cells of the hematophagous fly Stomoxys calcitrans are responsible
      for the production of proteolytic digestive enzymes and that these are secreted
      into the gut lumen via membrane bound vesicles (MBV). The secretory cycle can be
      summarized as follows: initially the rough endoplasmic reticulum is stacked and
      the apices of the cells are packed with MBV. This is followed by a period of
      release characterized first by cytoplasmic extrusions containing high densities
      of MBV, then by microvesiculation of the microvilli combined with a progressive
      distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum and lightening of the cellular
      cytoplasm. Glycogen appears in the cells at this stage and is gradually lost as
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum becomes stacked once more and the numbers of MBV
      build up again. The cycle which occurs regularly and synchronously in the cells
      of the zone repeats itself many times up to the completion of digestion of the
      blood meal. The secretory cycle is discussed with reference to activity in other
      secretory tissues.

PMID- 954059
TI  - Mast cell activation and tissue cell proliferation.
AB  - The effect of mast cell activation and degranulation on the proliferation in the
      intact mesentery was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Mast cell activation was
      achieved by a single intraperitoneal injection of Compound 48/80. The
      proliferation was studied using three independent methods for estimation of cell
      production and DNA synthesis: 1. the mitotic index, 2. the relative number of
      cells having a DNA content in the S and G2 regions, by Feulgen photometric
      measurement in individual cells, and 3. the specific DNA activity, employing a
      method which combines a liquid scintillation technique after an intravenous
      injection of 3H-thymidine and Feulgen photometric determination of the DNA
      content per membrane preparation. It was found that the proliferation of the
      normal mesenchymal cells adjacent to the activated and degranulated mast cells in
      the mesentery was significantly increased within 24 and 32 h, the maximum
      increase being more than 20-fold compared to untreated controls. The results
      suggest that the common type of mast cell may have a pathophysiological function
      related to stimulation of local cell proliferation.

PMID- 954060
TI  - Ovarian follicles of normal NMRI mice and homozygous "nude" mice. 1. Quantitative
      methodological study in the pubescent "nude" mouse.
AB  - It is possible to determine statistically the repartitions of shapes or sizes in
      a population of particles from the recurrence of shapes or sizes of their
      outlines in microscopical sections. This method was applied to a population of
      1326 follicular profiles randomly sampled from 30 ovaries of pubescent homozygous
      "Nude" mice. Under experimental conditions, the follicles were not spherical but
      could be assimilated to prolate ellipsoids with a mean eccentricity of 0.81. The
      average radius of the follicles taken as a whole was 20.2+/-0.7 (S.E.) mum. From
      these, the average radius of only the non-primary follicles was 58+/-1.3 (S.E.)
      mum. The volumetric repartition of the ovarian follicles indicated that 62% of
      the total follicular mass was made of follicles with a radius greater than 115
      mum, although these represent only 2% of the total number of follicles.

PMID- 954061
TI  - Ultrastructure of the membrane attachment sites of the extrusomes of Ciliophrys
      marina and Heterophrys marina (Actinopoda).
AB  - The actinopods Ciliophrys marina and Heterophrys marina both have membrane
      bounded extrusomes attached to their cellular and axopodial membranes. The
      extrusomes of C. marina, the muciferous bodies, are fairly simple in structure
      and contain a homogeneous osmiophilic substance. Their attachment site is
      characterized by a rectangular array of freeze fracture particles in the cell
      membrane. The extrusomes of H. marina, the conicysts, are more complex and
      contain a two-part osmiophilic body. The attachment site of conicysts is
      characterized by a rosette of 8 freeze fracture particles very similar to the 9
      particle rosette found at the mucocyst attachment sites in Tetrahymena.
      Furthermore, intracytoplasmic bridges connect the conicyst and cell membrane
      faces, and a specialized fibrillar structure is found on the cell membrane in the
      region of conicyst attachment. The various possible roles for such particle
      arrays are discussed and their presence in virtually all extrusomes is predicted.

PMID- 954062
TI  - Enveloping layer and periderm of the trout embryo (Salmo trutta fario L.)20U.
AB  - The origin of pericarderm and epidermis has been studied in trout embryos from
      stage 20(2 days after fertilization at 10degrees c) to hatching (stage 410).
      Between stages 20 and 50, the blastodisc consists of an inner mass of blastomeres
      covered by a superficial layer of closely packed blastomeres, the peripheral
      layer. This layer gives rise to both peripheral cells and to cells joining the
      inner mass of blastomeres. Between stages 50 and 110, junctions differentiate
      between peripheral cells. This newly formed superficial epithelium the enveloping
      layer, no longer gives rise to inward migrating cells. From stage 110 on, a
      basement membrane differentiates beneath a one-cell thick subperipheral layer,
      which thus becomes the ectodermal basal layer, the prospective epidermal basal
      layer. From these and ultrastructural observations, it is concluded that 1)the
      epidermis apparently originates, at least in part from the peripheral cells,
      between stages 20 and 50; 2) the periderm assumes a protective function over the
      body of the embryo and also a secretory function over the yolk sac (probably
      producing the hatching enzymes); 3)the periderm, which is a temporary structure,
      appears to play the role of an embryonic membrane in teleosts.

PMID- 954063
TI  - The erythron in health and disease--a kinetic approach to erythrocytosis and
      anaemia.

PMID- 954064
TI  - A study of the clinical features of malaria in Rhodesia.

PMID- 954065
TI  - Further report on cholera in Manicaland, May, 1974-May 1975.

PMID- 954066
TI  - Murder trial in the outback.

PMID- 954067
TI  - Editorial: On the role of quantitative angiographic techniques in the assessment
      of cardiac abnormalities.

PMID- 954068
TI  - The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: the value of the HIS bundle electrogram,.
AB  - The HIS bundle electrogram has led to the aquisition of additional information on
      the physiology of the WPW syndrome and has become a useful technique for its
      diagnosis. The findings on the HBE and their interpretation in WPW are reviewed.

PMID- 954069
TI  - Right ventricular mass estimation by angioechocardiography.
AB  - A combined angiocardiographic-echocardiographic method for estimating right
      ventricular wall mass is described. Biplane cineangiocardiograms are analyzed for
      ventricular volume in end-diastole, and wall thickness is determined from
      echocardiograms obtained with a high frequency transducer and strip chart
      recorder, The intracavitary and the external surface volumes of the ventricle are
      derived, and the difference multiplied by 1.050, the specific gravity of
      myocardium. Excellent correlation was observed between right ventricular wall
      mass and body surface area in normal children (r = 0.93). The mean right
      ventricular mass was 44.5 g/M2 as compared to 78.1 g/M2 for the left ventricle,
      corresponding mass/EDV values were 0.48 g/cm3 and 1.26 g/cm3, respectively. In
      isolated right ventricular pressure overload, the increase in right ventricular
      mass is chiefly due to the increase in wall thickness; in volume overload, it is
      due mostly to the increase in chamber volume,

PMID- 954070
TI  - Cine angiographic diagnosis of patent foramen ovale in paradoxical embolism,.
AB  - A case of paradoxical embolism is presented in which the antemortem diagnosis was
      facilitated by a new simple angiographic technique that demonstrated a patent
      foramen ovale. An additional 14 patients were studied by this technique, and one
      had a patent foramen ovale. The mechanism of reversal of the normal intraatrial
      pressure gradient and subsequent right to left shunt through a patent foramen
      ovale is discussed. This angiographic technique may be readily applied in any
      diagnostic catheterization laboratory and complements existing methods for
      detecting patency of the foramen ovale in patients with suspected paradoxidal
      embolism.

PMID- 954071
TI  - The evaluation of routine selective arteriography in the investigation of
      renovascular hypertension.
AB  - A comparison of lesions discovered by selective renal arteriograms with
      abnormalities observed on abdominal aortograms was made in 100 consecutive
      hypertensive patients. Twenty-one lesions not seen on aortograms were found by
      selection. Eight patients with a normal aortogram had lesions. An abnormality was
      discovered in at least one study in 58 patients. The increased rate of lesion
      detection by selective studies outweighs the slight risk of complications.

PMID- 954072
TI  - Aortic stenosis, angina pectoris, coronary artery disease.
AB  - The data from 88 patients (pts) with aortic stenosis (AS) were reviewed to
      determine relationships between angina pectoris (AP) and coronary artery disease
      (CAD). Results of surgery performed in 81 of these pts was analyzed. All pts had
      coronary arteriograms, and lesions greater than or equal to 50% were considered
      significant. Fifty-nine pts had an aortic valve gradient measured at
      catheterization greater than or equal to 40 mmHg, and in 29 pts, AS was confirmed
      at operation. Sixty-eight pts (77%) experienced AP, and 32 had coexisting CAD
      (47%); 9 of 20 pts without AP had CAD (45%). There were no significant
      differences in the incidence of AP in pts divided into subgroups by the aortic
      valve gradient (40-50, 51-100, 101-200 mmHg) or age (40-59, 60-81 years). Also,
      no significant differences were found in the incidence or extent of CAD between
      the two age groups; the extent of CAD was similar regardless of the presence or
      absence of AP. In pts with AP (1) CAD was more likely in pts greater than or
      equal to 60 years of age; (2) CAD was less likely when the aortic valve gradient
      was greater than 100 mmHg, suggesting that AP in these pts was due to
      hemodynamically severe AS. All pts with 3-vessel CAD experienced AP, and the
      aortic valve gradient was less in these pts than in those with no CAD or less
      extensive CAD. In 19 pts with combined AS and CAD who had both the aortic valve
      replaced and a revascularization operation only 1 of pts died in the hospital,
      while 3 of 19 pts with combined AS and CAD who had aortic valve replacement alone
      died. In this study a significant number of pts with AS experienced AP, and the
      presence or absence of AP did not predict coexisting CAD. Coronary arteriography
      is recommended in the evaluation of pts greater than or equal to 40 years of age
      with AS. The operative mortality appears to be decreased in pts with AS and CAD
      who have combined surgery.

PMID- 954073
TI  - Ejection time--heart rate relationship during exercise.
AB  - The slope of the regression equation for left ventricular ejection time (LVET) vs
      heart rate (HR) is the appropriate factor for correcting LVET for HR. Because the
      regression relationship varies under different conditions, we determined the LVET
      HR equations for subjects (1) seated at rest on a bicycle ergometer, and (2)
      during uninterrupted bicycle exercise. In 18 normally active male volunteers,
      ages 22-37, HR and LVET were measured under the two conditions and the regression
      relationship for LVET on HR determined for each. Regression equations are as
      follows: (1) LVET = 379-1.8 HR +/- 11.0 for subjects seated at rest on a bicycle
      ergometer, and (2) LVET = 371-1.2 HR +/- 13.9 for subjects performing upright
      bicycle exercise. The slope factors (1.8 and 1.2) differed significantly (p less
      than 0.01). The data indicate that considerable error can result from arbitrarily
      applying to exercising or resting subjects a correction factor which does not fit
      the conditions of the data to be corrected.

PMID- 954074
TI  - Potential artifact in measurement of left ventricular filling pressure with flow
      directed catheters.
AB  - Artifactual pulmonary wedge pressure measurements were encountered during bedside
      use of Swan-Ganz catheters. These values were higher than pulmonary artery end
      diastolic pressure and devoid of typical phasic contours. Utilizing fluoroscopy
      these artifacts were reproduced by advancing the catheter tip 2-4 cm beyond the
      site of initial wedging and reinflating the balloon. Spurious increases of
      pulmonary wedge pressure of up to 15 mm Hg were thus obtained. In vitro catheter
      testing demonstrated overlapping of the catheter tip by the deformed balloon when
      it was fully inflated in a channel too small to accomodate it. These measurement
      artifacts are thus attributed to distal migration of the catheter tip into
      relatively small pulmonary artery branches and to subsequent occlusion of the
      catheter lumen by the balloon when it is reinflated. This can readily be avoided
      by routinely inflating the balloon with the minimum volume of air sufficient to
      yield a pulmonary wedge pressure tracing.

PMID- 954075
TI  - A new wedge to facilitate obtaining half-axial views during coronary
      arteriography.
AB  - A wedge has been designed and constructed to facilitate obtaining posteroanterior
      and oblique half-axial projections routinely during coronary arteriographic
      examinations in a conventionally equipped catheterization laboratory.

PMID- 954076
TI  - A semiautomated technique for the rapid evaluation of left ventricular regional
      wall motion.
AB  - A semiautomated system for the rapid evaluation of left ventricular regional wall
      motion is described. The system includes direct projection of the cineangiogram
      film on an X-Y digitizer which is interfaced with a PDP-9 computer. The
      ventricular model used to evaluate regional wall motion and the methods of data
      analysis are described. Validation of the accuracy of the technique and specific
      clinical applications are presented. It is concluded that this technique provides
      a rapid means of evaluating left ventricular regional wall motion and that the
      accuracy of the technique is acceptable for clinical application.

PMID- 954077
TI  - A simple method for calculating left ventricular functions from angiographic data
      using a programmable hand calculator.
AB  - The end diastolic volume and systolic ejection fraction have gained increasing
      acceptance as important indicators of ventricular performance. Time consuming
      calculations and lack of computer facilities have hindered the emergence of these
      calculations as a routine part of cardiac catheterization studies. The
      introduction of the programmable hand calculator has provided means for rapid
      analysis of ventricular volume data in an efficient and inexpensive manner. In
      this paper the step-by-step procedure for programming the hand calculator is
      given, as well as instructions for entering raw data and obtaining final
      calculations. Programs are given for both single plane and biplane cine
      angiographic studies.

PMID- 954078
TI  - Correlation between structural transformation and cleavage of the major head
      protein of T4 bacteriophage.
AB  - We have studied the maturation of T4 polyheads, the aberrant tubular structures
      related to the capsid of T4 bacteriophage. Conditions have been found under which
      more than 95% of the major head protein (P23) undergoes the same cleavage that
      occurs during development of the normal capsid. The concomitant structural
      changes in the polyheads have been followed using electron microscope image
      filtering techniques. As a result of the cleavage, a radical transformation of
      the hexagonal lattice occurs, involving a 10-15% expansion in the lattice
      dimensions. However, a metastable intermediate state similar to the uncleaved
      structure has been observed immediately after cleavage of the protein subunits.
      Some kind of additional physical stimulus seems to be required to trigger the
      major structural change, which appears to be highly cooperative.

PMID- 954079
TI  - Lack of correlation between agglutinability, the surface distribution of con A
      and post-confluence inhibition of cell division in ten cell lines.
AB  - Agglutinability by concanavalin A, distribution of surface-bound concanavalin A,
      and maximal cell density in monolayer culture were examined under similar
      conditions in parallel cultures of ten established cell lines. The degree of
      agglutinability of the cell lines did not correlate with the presence or absence
      of patching of concanavalin A bound to the cell surface, as determined with a
      hemocyanin marker. Agglutinability was also not always correlated with the loss
      of post-confluence inhibition of cell division. Two clones of mouse 3T3
      fibroblasts that maintained post-confluence inhibition of cell division and low
      agglutinability differed substantially with respect to the surface distribution
      of concanavalin A. Patching of concanavalin A binding sites is neither necessary
      nor sufficient to explain differences in agglutinability between cell lines.

PMID- 954080
TI  - Methyl labeling of HeLa cell hnRNA: a comparison with mRNA.
AB  - The majority of the mRNA molecules in HeLa cells contain 1-2 residue(s) of m6Ap
      and one blocked, methylated 5' terminal "cap" structure. The hnRNA, which is
      longer than mRNA, contains both m6Ap and caps but 4-6 times as many m6Ap residues
      per chain. In addition, nuclear molecules contain T2 RNA ase-resistant, methyl
      labeled oligonucleotides ("di-" and "tri-" nucleotides) which are not found in
      mRNA. Some of the dinucleotides may be precursors to the 2'-0-methylated
      nucleotides in the cap structures. These results are compatible with internal
      methylation of hnRNA molecules (both m6Ap and 2'-0-methyl) followed by hnRNA
      cleavage and the addition of the cap structure to generate at least some of the
      HeLa cell mRNA. It also appears that some hnRNA molecules, which are longer than
      most mRNA molecules, contain cap structures suggesting the derivation of some
      mRNA molecules from the 5' regions of hnRNA.

PMID- 954081
TI  - The size of pulse-labeled fibroin messenger RNA.
AB  - A method has been developed for the isolation of fibroin gene transcripts from
      total RNA of the silkworm Bombyx mori. It is based on affinity chromatography
      using Sephadex-bound polynucleotides capable of selectively hybridizing with
      fibroin mRNA sequences. In vivo pulse labeling of the posterior silk gland for
      periods of 10-35 min produces labeled heterogeneous nuclear RNA of high molecular
      weight (greater 40S). Fibroin gene transcripts can be selected from the total
      hnRNA population by two consecutive passages through the affinity column.
      Analysis of the column-bound material in denaturing polyacrylamide-agarose gels
      reveals that the size of pulse-labeled fibroin mRNA is essentially the same
      (within 5%) as that of mature cytoplasmic mRNA. This holds true for pulses as
      short as 6 min, where even nascent mRNA can be observed. However, a small
      shoulder of material is present on the heavy side of the pulse-labeled mRNA,
      which could be indicative of an extremely short-lived precurosr species. The
      purified pulse-labeled mRNA (10 min incorporation) has been further analyzed by
      chromatography in oligo(dT)-cellulose. The data show that the mRNA is
      polyadenylated within a few minutes after synthesis.

PMID- 954082
TI  - Analysis of the complexity and diversity of mRNA from chicken liver and oviduct.
AB  - We have analyzed the sequence complexity and diversity of poly(A)-containing mRNA
      derived from two highly differentiated chicken tissues. Two independent
      approaches were used in our analyses. The first involves the annealing of cDNA
      copies of mRNA to a vast excess of the template RNA; the second procedure uses
      hybridization between highly radioactive single-copy genomic DNA and mRNA. The
      results obtained using these two experimental approaches are in good accord and
      reveal the presence of 12,000-15,000 diverse mRNA species in both chicken liver
      and oviduct. In both cell types, the kinetics of annealing of cDNA to its
      template mRNA demonstrate discrete frequency classes with most of the different
      mRNA species present in fewer than 10 copies per cell. 70% of oviduct mRNA,
      however, consists of about 10 abundant RNA species, which probably are
      responsible for the synthesis of the egg white proteins. The diversity of mRNA
      species in chicken liver and oviduct was further studied by heterologous
      annealing reactions between cDNA or singlecopy genomic DNA and a vast excess of
      mRNA. These studies demonstrate that 85% of the different mRNA sequences detected
      are present in both liver and oviduct, and suggest that the vast majority of the
      information expressed as mRNA is required for the maintenance of cellular
      functions common to all tissues.

PMID- 954083
TI  - Effect of cell proliferation on levels and diversity of poly(A)-containing mRNA.
AB  - The relationship between cell proliferation and the amount and diversity of
      polyribosome-associated poly(A)-containing messenger RNA [poly(A)+mRNA]has been
      investigated using a cloned AKR-mouse embryo cell culture system. The following
      results were obtained. First, an early response to the stimulation of
      proliferation of AKR-2B cells in culture is a rapid increase in the rate of
      accumulation of polyribosomal poly(A)+ mRNA. This results in a large increase in
      the total poly(A)+ mRNA content of rapidly proliferating cells compared to that
      found in resting cells. Second, the total amount of unique DNA sequence
      contributing to the poly(A)+ mRNA populations of both growing and resting cells
      is not detectably different. This corresponds to 9000-11,000 diverse gene
      equivalents of DNA and represents the transcription of 0.8-0.9% of the haploid
      mouse genome. Third, most of the increased poly(A)+ mRNA content of growing cells
      (greater than 90%) reflects an increased rate of production of polysomal mRNA
      species which are also found in resting cells. Fourth, growing cells appear to
      contain some species of poly(A)+ mRNA which are either absent or present in very
      low concentrations in non-growing cells. Within the limits of detection, however,
      all species of poly(A)+ mRNA present in non-growing cells are also present in
      growing cells.

PMID- 954084
TI  - Chromatin structure visualization by immunoelectron microscopy.
AB  - Antibodies elicited in rabbits by chromatin and by purified histone H2B have been
      used to study the structure of chromatin by immunoelectron microscopy. Chromatin
      spread on grids reveals a structure of closely packed spherical particles with an
      average diameter of 104 A, arranged either in clusters or in linear arrays of
      beads, some of which have a supercoil-like arrangement. No DNA strings connecting
      the beads could be observed. Upon antibody binding, the diameter of the particles
      increases up to 300 A. This size is compatible with a model where one layer of
      gamma globulin molecules 110 A long encircles a sphere of chromatin 100 A in
      diameter. The presence of rabbit gamma globulins on the enlarged beads has been
      verified by the addition of ferritin-labeled goat anti-rabbit gamma globulins.
      Anti-chromatin sera which react with nonhistone proteins but not with free
      histones or DNA react with more than 95% of the beads; this suggests that most of
      the beads contain nonhistone proteins. Since the number of nonhistone proteins is
      large, it is improbable that each sphere contains a full complement of these
      proteins. We therefore suggest that the various chromatin spheres contain
      different types of nonhistone proteins. About 90% of the chromatin spheres
      reacted with antibodies to histone H2B, suggesting the most of the chromatin
      beads contain this type of histone.

PMID- 954085
TI  - Quantitation of turnover and export to the cytoplasm of hnRNA transcribed in the
      Balbiani rings.
AB  - Some quantitative parameters of the intranuclear metabolism and export to the
      cytoplasm of Balbiani ring 1 and 2 RNA molecules in salivary gland cells of
      Chironomus tentans have been determined. Growing RNA chains in the Balbiani rings
      attain uniform labeling with RNA precursors after 20 min of incorporation. The
      specific activity of 75S RNA released from the Balbiani rings into the nuclear
      sap increases rapidly and reaches a maximum level between 90 and 180 min of
      labeling. After 20 min, labeled 75S RNA enters the cytoplasm and accumulates at a
      linear rate. However, only a small proportion of the RNA produced at the Balbiani
      ring loci can subsequently be recovered in the nuclear sap (14-17%) or cytoplasm
      (4-7%) as 75S RNA; presumably the remainder is degraded entirely. Experiments
      using inhibitors of elongation (actinomycin D) or initiation (5,6-dichloro-1-beta
      D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole) revealed that no significant quanity of the 75S RNA
      transcribed can be chased into the cytoplasm. Both the kinetics of entry of
      labeled 75S RNA into the cytoplasm-that is, a constant rate of increase after a
      brief lag-and chase data are incompatible with a precursor-product relationship
      between the great majority of nuclear 75S RNA and cytoplasmic 75S RNA with
      messenger characteristics. The results are discussed in relation to the
      possibility that a post-transcriptional control mechanism is operating in these
      cells.

PMID- 954086
TI  - Appearance and disappearance of acetycholine receptor during differentiation of
      chick skeletal muscle in vitro.
AB  - During differentiation of embryonic chick skeletal muscle in culture, elaboration
      of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and acetylcholinesterase occurs shortly after
      myoblast fusion. During further development, AChR was found to decrease markedly
      on the myotube surface, while acetylcholinesterase continued to increase. Surface
      distribution of AChR, as followed by autoradiography using 125I-alpha
      bungarotoxin, was homogeneous in newly fused myotubes. With further
      differentiation, clusters of AChR appeared on the surface of the myotubes, and
      their subsequent disappearance paralleled a decrease in overall AChR levels.
      Quantitative autoradiography showed a reduction of over 75% in the density of
      AChR on the surface of well differentiated, cross-striated myotubes. Thus the
      appearance of AChR on the cell surface, its condensation into clusters, and
      finally its depletion seem to be sequential events in the differentiation of
      skeletal muscle in culture in the absence of direct neuronal influence.

PMID- 954087
TI  - Low molecular weight viral RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III during
      adenovirus 2 infection.
AB  - Nuclei isolated from human cells productively infected with adenovirus 2 have
      been shown to synthesize four low molecular weight RNA species which hybridize
      efficiently to viral DNA. One species corresponds to the 5.5S or VA RNA (Ohe,
      Weissman, and Cooke, 1969), and is designated V156. The other three species are
      novel and have been designated V200, V140, V130, since they are approximately
      200, 140, and 130 nucleotides in length, respectively. These viral RNAs retain
      their distinct electrophoretic properties after denaturation with formamide. RNA
      species with electrophoretic mobilities similar to those of the V200, V156, and
      V140 RNAs have been found in the cytoplasmic fraction of cells at late times
      after adenovirus infection. In isolated nuclei, the V200, V156, V140, and V130
      RNAs are all synthesized by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III, since synthesis is
      sensitive to high but not to low concentrations of alpha-amanitin. The synthesis
      of these low molecular weight RNAs continues for a prolonged period of time in
      isolated nuclei, suggesting that reinitiation occurs. Adenovirus 2 DNA fragments
      obtained by digestion with restriction endonucleases Eco RI and Sma I were used
      to map the location of the DNA sequences which encode the RNAs. All the low
      molecular weight RNAs hybridized to a region of the genome between o.18 and 0.38
      fractional lengths from the left end of the adenovirus genome, suggesting that
      the respective DNA sequences are clustered. Other nonviral low molecular weight
      RNAs are synthesized in nuclei isolated from infected cells. These include the
      cellular 5S rRNA species which was minitored by its hybridization to purified 5S
      DNA from Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 954088
TI  - A new species of virus-coded low molecular weight RNA from cells infected with
      adenovirus type 2.
AB  - A virus-coded low molecular weight RNA (5.2S), which migrates slightly faster on
      polyacrylamide gels than the well characterized adenovirus-specific 5.5S RNA, has
      been isolated from cells infected with adenovirus type 2. Hybridization
      competition experiments and RNA fingerprints indicate that the two virus
      associated (VA) RNAs differ in their primary structures. The gene for 5.2S RNA is
      located to the right of the gene for 5.5S RNA, on the I strand of a DNA segment
      which extends between positions 30.3 and 32.2 on the map of adenovirus type 2
      DNA. Both 5.5S and 5.2S RNA can be detected early after infection and also in the
      presence of cytosine-arabinoside or cycloheximide. After the onset of viral DNA
      replication, the synthesis of 5.2S RNA levels off, whereas 5.5S RNA is
      synthesized in increasing amounts. Both 5.2S and 5.5S RNAs are synthesized in
      isolated nuclei by an enzyme which resembles RNA polymerase III in its
      sensitivity to alpha-amanitin. In isolated nuclei, both RNA species are labeled
      with beta-32P-labeled GTP, which suggests that they are initiated at separate
      promotor sites.

PMID- 954089
TI  - A direct estimate of the number of human gamma-globin genes.
AB  - The number of genes specifying human gamma-globin has been determined directly by
      hybridization of complementary DNA to total human DNA. The complementary DNA was
      enriched in sequences specific for gamma-globin genes by transcribing globin mRNA
      isolated from fetal reticulocytes with viral reverse transcriptase, and
      collecting the material which does not back-hybridize to adult globin mRNA. When
      hybridized in cDNA excess to DNA, very similar values are found for gamma-gene
      number as for beta-gene number, suggesting two or at most three gamma-globin
      genes per haploid human genome. This indicates that the non-Mendelian ratios of
      gamma-chain mutants found in heterozygotes are due to transcriptional or post
      transcriptional regulation rather than to gene dosage. The number of each major
      human globin gene has now been determined directly by molecular methods.

PMID- 954090
TI  - Small RNA species of the HeLa cell: metabolism and subcellular localization.
AB  - The small molecular weight RNAs of the HeLa cell have been located in specific
      subcellular fractions. SnA is located in the nucleolus and is partially bonded to
      nucleolar 28S RNA. SnD, the most abundant of the small nuclear RNAs, is partially
      released from the nucleus when the nuclear preparation is briefly warmed. SnF is
      released from the nuclei when chromatin is digested with the micrococcal nuclease
      and not when pancreatic DNAase is used. The remainder of the small nuclear
      species remain in the nucleus following the digestion of chromatin and are
      concluded to be elements of the "nuclear skeleton." SnK is found predominantly in
      the cytoplasm, but migrates quantitatively to the nuclear fraction in the
      presence of high levels of actinomycin D. ScL is totally cytoplasmic and is
      partially bound to cell membranes. It is the 7S RNA found in oncornavirus
      virions. All the small nuclear RNAs appear initially in the cytoplasmic fraction
      before fixation in the nucleus. Two short-lived cytoplasmic species behave
      kinetically as precursors to the stable nuclear RNAs.

PMID- 954091
TI  - The effect of heat shock on RNA synthesis in Drosophila tissues.
AB  - Total RNA from Drosophila imaginal discs, labeled under conditions of heat shock,
      is analyzed by hybridization in situ to salivary gland polytene chromosomes.
      Grain densities over the hybridizing bands are compared, showing that the
      response to heat shock is similar for several disc types and fly stocks.
      Alteration of the culture medium used for labeling during heat shock results in
      the specific induction (in discs, salvary glands, or fat body) of one of the heat
      shock loci to a level far beyond that normally seen. We discuss the implications
      of this specific induction regarding the mechanism of response. We also discuss
      the observed difference between transcription labeling of salivary gland
      chromosomes and labeling by in situ hybridization.

PMID- 954092
TI  - The translational capacity of deadenylated ovalbumin messenger RNA.
AB  - We present evidence that the poly(A) sequence at the 3' end of ovalbumin mRNA has
      an effect on its translational efficiency in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free
      system. Polynucleotide phosphorylase has been used to remove selectively the
      poly(A) while leaving the rest of the molecule intact. It is shown that the
      stability of the mRNA in a cell free system is not appreciably affected by this
      procedure. Measurements of the size of ovalbumin-synthesizing polysomes, rate of
      peptide elongation, and number of rounds of translation per messenger show a
      generally reduced efficiency for deadenylated mRNA compared to native mRNA. No
      comparable difference was observed in experiments with a wheat germ cell-free
      system, which gives few rounds of translation per mRNA. This indicates that the
      effect results from a lowering of the efficiency of reinitiation on deadenylated
      mRNA.

PMID- 954093
TI  - The RNA polymerase II of an alpha-amanitin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell
      line.
AB  - Amal, an alpha-amanitin-resistant mutant of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line,
      contains an RNA polymerase activity which elutes from DEAE-Sephadex at a salt
      concentration characteristic of an RNA polymerase II, but which is not sensitive
      to alpha-amanitin at levels where the polymerase II of wild-type cells is
      strongly inhibited. This result suggests that Amal owes its amanitin-resistant
      phenotype to a mutation affecting one of its genes for RNA polymerase II. To test
      this hypothesis, we purified the enzyme from Amal and then compared its
      properties with those of the wild-type enzyme. The mutant enzyme is indeed a
      polymerase II, and is over 600 times less sensitive to alpha-amanitin and more
      thermolabile than the wild-type enzyme.

PMID- 954094
TI  - Biochemical characterization of azetidine carboxylic acid-resistant Chinese
      hamster cells.
AB  - We have isolated variants of Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblasts with
      decreased sensitivity to the toxic proline analog, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
      (AZCA). Resistance to AZCA is a stable characteristic of these cell lines since
      it is maintained after 40 generations in nonselective medium. Two AZCA-resistant
      cell lines overproduce and excrete more proline than wild-type cells.
      Furthermore, AZCA rapidly inhibits the synthesis of proline from glutamic acid in
      wild-type but not the resistant cell lines. These studies suggest that resistance
      to AZCA in these cell lines is due to an alteration in some component of the
      proline biosynthetic pathway, possibly a regulatory site that is inhibited by
      AZCA.

PMID- 954095
TI  - Histone messengers and histone genes.

PMID- 954096
TI  - Insulin receptors in normal and transformed fibroblasts: relationship to growth
      and transformation.
AB  - The insulin receptors in normal and transformed lines of mouse Balb/3t3
      fibroblasts have been studied. In the normal fibroblasts, the binding of insulin
      was low in growing cells and increased 2-9 fold in confluent stationary cells.
      Insulin binding was increased whether growth arrest was due to contact inhibition
      of growth or serum starvation. When serum-starved cells were stimulated to grow
      by the addition of fresh serum, insulin binding declined. In cells transformed by
      simian virus 40, Kirsten, Moloney, and Harvey sarcoma viruses,
      methylcholanthrene, X rays, or spontaneously, the binding was low, in the same
      range as growing normal cells. In simian virus 40-transformed cells, insulin
      binding increased 4 fold as the cells reached higher densities in culture. No
      relationship to changes in cell size was found. The differences in binding were
      due to changes in the concentration of the receptors, without changes in their
      affinity for the hormone.

PMID- 954097
TI  - Kinetics of formation of 5' terminal caps in mRNA.
AB  - A kinetic analysis of the labeling of the methylated components of messenger RNA
      and heterogeneous nuclear RNA in mouse L cells indicates that the 5' terminal cap
      I structures (m7GpppXmpYp) of mRNA are derived from 5' terminal cap structures of
      hnRNA. Most of the hnRNA caps are conserved during processing, whereas only a
      portion of the internal m6A residues in hnRNA are conserved. The  cap II
      structures (m7GpppXmpYmpZp), which constitute the 5' termini of some mRNAs, arise
      by a "secondary" methylation that occurs after the mRNAs have entered the
      cytoplasm. This secondary methylation is apparently restricted to a particular
      subclass of mRNAs having a high frequency of pyrimidine nucleotides at position
      Y, a composition at position X which differs from that of the bulk of the cap I
      terminated mRNAs, and a relatively slow rate of turnover.

PMID- 954098
TI  - A reinvestigation of 5' leads to 3' polarity in 40S ribosomal RNA precursor of
      Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The 5' leads to 3' polarity of the 40S precursor rRNA molecule relative to the
      location of the 18S and 28S RNA regions in the precursor has been reinvestigated.
      Fragments of rDNA derived by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI and cloned in E.
      coli were partially digested with the exonuclease induced by bacteriophage 
      lambda and with exonuclease III from E. coli. The resulting rDNA fragments with
      single-stranded tails were hybridized separately with 18S and 28S rRNA, and the
      formation of the hybrid was monitored by determination of radioactivity and by
      electron microscopy. Since the location of the EcoRI sites in rDNA is known, and
      the specificity of the two exonucleases for 5' and 3' ends of DNA strands has
      been established, the hybridization of the different partially digested rDNA
      fragments with either 18S or 28S rRNA could be interpreted in terms of polarity
      of the coding strand of rDNA, and consequently of the RNA (see models in Figure
      1). The results supports the following model for the rRNA precursor moleculre: 5'
      end-transcribed space-18S gene-transcribed space-28S gene-3' end.

PMID- 954099
TI  - Molecular analysis of the histone gene cluster of Psammechinus miliaris: I.
      Fractionation and identification of five individual histone mRNAs.
AB  - The electrophoretic separation of labeled "9S" histone mRNAs obtained from
      cleaving sea urchin polysomes was found at first to be highly unreproducible. It
      became evident that the secondary structure of the individual mRNAs had a greater
      effect on their relative electrophoretic mobilities than did their molecular
      weight differentials. We determined the parameters affecting electrophoretic
      mobility by the novel method of running the labeled polysomal RNA in slab gels
      across polyacrylamide and urea gradients. The initially complex and species
      specific electrophoretic pattern could then, by a judicious choice of denaturing
      conditions, be simplified to yield five well defined classes of labeled mRNAs.
      Using optimal conditions for the separation of the RNA components, five
      messengers were isolated from Psammechinus embryos by preparative disc
      electrophoresis, four of which, after two electrophoretic separations, exhibited
      a unimodal distribution. Each of the mRNAs was translated in vitro, four of the
      five fractions promoting the synthesis of one major protein. The in vitro
      products were characterized by comparison of their electrophoretic mobilities
      with those of known sea urchin histones. It was thus possible to correlate
      individual mRNAs with specific histones. We propose that the five mRNAs
      designated a-e in order of decreasing electrophoretic mobility code for the
      histones H4, H2A, H2B, H3, and H1.

PMID- 954100
TI  - Molecular analysis of the histone gene cluster of psammechinus miliaris: II. The
      arrangement of the five histone-coding and spacer sequences.
AB  - Histone DNA of Psammechinus miliaris was obtained in an enriched form by buoyant
      density gradient centrifugation and was cleaved into 6 kb repeat units (Birnstiel
      et al., 1975a) by the action of the specific endonucleases EcoRI and HindIII.
      Since it was suspected that the 6 kb unit harbored all five histone-coding
      sequences, the histone DNA unit was subdivided into five segments with the aim of
      providing five fragments carrying just one coding sequence each. This was
      achieved by the combined use of EcoRI Hindll, Hindlll, and Hpa I. A physical map
      was constructed from the overlaps arising in these restriction experiments. Each
      of the five segments was shown to hybridize uniquely with just one of the five
      highly purified histone mRNAs (Gross et al., 1976a). By this procedure, the order
      of the mRNA sequences on the histone DNA was found to be a, c, d, b, e (Gross et
      al., 1976a), and hence of the protein coding sequences H4, H2B, H3, H2A, and H1.
      Further evidence is presented that the 6 kb repeat unit, amplified by means of a
      Murray lambda vector phage, contains AT-rich DNA sequences which would be
      expected not to code for histone proteins.

PMID- 954101
TI  - Molecular analysis of the histone gene cluster of Psammechinus miliaris: III.
      Polarity and asymmetry of the histone-coding sequences.
AB  - Fragments of histone DNA produced by restriction endonucleases contain 5' and 3'
      termini with defined topologies relative to the histone-coding sequences. After
      limited resection with lambda-exonuclease, the 6 kb Hindlll histone DNA fragment
      (see Schaffner et al., 1976) hybridizes to H4 histone mRNA whether or not the DNA
      has been denatured. This shown that the coding sequence for the histone H4 is
      proximal to the 3' terminus of the Hindlll restriction fragment. By contrast,
      lambda-exonuclease digestion of the 6 kb EcoRI histone DNA fragment drastically
      reduces hybridization of the H4 mRNA. Hence in this molecule, the H4 DNA sequence
      is near a 5' terminus of the EcoRI restriction fragment. From these results and
      those described in the preceding paper (Schaffner et al., 1976), the polarity of
      the H4 gene is therefore 5' H2B leads to H4 leads to H1 3'. Cloned Psammechinus
      histone DNA (S. G. Clarkson, H. Smith, W. Schaffner, K. Gross, and M. Birnstiel,
      manuscript submitted for publication) may be strand-separated by electrophoresis.
      Highly purified histone mRNAs (Gross et al., 1976) all hybridize almost
      exclusively to the strand of lesser electrophoretic mobility. It follows that all
      coding sequences are arranged in tandem within the same DNA strand, and that
      hence they share the same polarity as the H4 DNA sequences. Transcription
      therefore proceeds in the gene cluster in the direction H4 leads to H2B leads to
      H3 leads to H2A leads to H1.

PMID- 954102
TI  - Biosynthesis and stability of globin mRNA in cultured erythroleukemic Friend
      cells.
AB  - Biosynthesis and stability of the mRNA population in DMSO-induced Friend
      erythroleukemic cells were studied after labeling the RNA with 3H-uridine and
      then chasing it with nonlabeled uridine. Globin RNA metabolism was studied by
      hybridization to excess complementary DNA convalently coupled to oligo(dT)
      cellulose. After a labeling period of 120 min, 2-4% of the poly(A)-containing
      labeled RNA was in globin RNA; it decayed with a half-life of 16-17 hr. The rest
      of the poly(A)-containing RNA was composed to two kinetic populations: 85-90%
      decayed with a half-life of about 3 hr, while 10% decayed with a half-life of
      about 37 hr. The portion of globin RNA in labeled poly(A)-containing RNA behaved
      in an unexpected fashion during the chase period. During the initial chase
      period, the percentage of globin RNA increased rapidly, reaching a maximum of
      about 15% at 20 hr, but it subsequently declined gradually. Based on these
      findings, a model was built that describes the changes in the proportion of
      globin mRNA in poly(A)-containing RNA during continuous synthesis and after chase
      of the labeled RNA. It appears that if the parameters described remain constant
      during the maturation of erythroblasts, then this model would not account for the
      almost exclusive presence of globin RNA in the reticulocyte. By far the most
      effective way to achieve this high level of globin RNA is the destabilization of
      the mRNA population which is more stable than globin RNA, and not the
      stabilization of globin RNA itself.

PMID- 954103
TI  - Globin mRNA sequences in polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated nuclear precursor
      messenger RNA from avian erythroblasts.
AB  - Nuclear RNA from immature duck erythrocytes was fractionated into polyadenylated
      and nonpolyadenylated fractions, and globin mRNA sequences were determined by
      hybridization to DNA complementary to globin mRNA. 80--90% of labeled nuclear RNA
      is found to be nonpolyadenylated, and 70--80% of the globin mRNA sequences
      present in the nucleus are found in nonpolyadenylated molecules. These data
      suggest that polyadenylation does not specifically select for globin mRNA
      sequences. The nonpolyadenylated globin mRNA sequences present in the nucleus are
      found mostly in molecules of small size, close to the size of polyribosomal
      globin mRNA, suggesting that polyadenylation is a later event in globin mRNA
      formation.

PMID- 954104
TI  - Induction of globin mRNA accumulation by hemin in cultured erythroleukemic cells.
AB  - The role of heme in erythroid development is investigated in erythroleukemic
      (Friend) cells. Exogenous hemin induces the accumulation of globin mRNA and
      globin protein in T3-C12 erythroleukemia cells to levels comparable to those
      induced by polar solvents, such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The hemin
      concentration required for maximal induction (10(-4) M) is the same as that which
      stimulates globin message translation in reticulocytes or cell-free reticulocyte
      lysates. Hemin and DMSO together cause T3-C12 cells to accumulate 8-9 fold more
      globin mRNA than either inducer individually. The kinetics of globin mRNA
      induction in hemin as compared to DMSO are very different: globin message
      accumulation begins 4 hr after hemin addition, but not until 30--40 hr after DMSO
      addition. Biliverdin induces 20--40 fold less hemoglobin than hemin; delta
      aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen do not induce.

PMID- 954105
TI  - Tissue-specific forms of actin in the developing chick.
AB  - Actin has been identified in nonmuscle and muscle tissues as a highly conserved
      homogeneous protein. We have identified and characterized actin from embryonic
      and adult chick brain and muscle, and have compared these actins by SDS and
      urea/SDS gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the presence of SDS
      alone, embryonic or adult brain and muscle actin co-migrate as homogeneous
      polypeptides. Electrophoresis of both actins in the presence of urea and SDS,
      however, reveals that brain and muscle actins migrate with distinctly different
      mobilities. Actin from embryonic thigh muscle at different stages of development
      migrates as two separate components. In early muscle development, only the
      "brain" type actin is present. As muscle development progresses the "muscle" type
      actin becomes relatively more abundant, so that by day 20 of embryonic
      development, "muscle" actin becomes predominant. These results may be interpreted
      as due to differences in the primary structure of actin.

PMID- 954106
TI  - Evidence for the formation of hybrid DNA during mitotic recombination in Chinese
      hamster cells.
AB  - Direct evidence is provided for the formation of hybrid DNA during mitotic
      recombination in CHO cells. The cells were labeled for one round of replication
      in medium containing BUdR, so that the density of the DNA was heavy light (HL)
      and then returned to light medium. Further DNA synthesis, during either repair or
      chromosome replication, can only result in HL or fully light (LL) DNA; however,
      the formation of hybrid DNA as part of the process of recombinational repair will
      produce some fully heavy (HH) DNA. A small fraction of DNA containing regions of
      HH DNA has been detected on neutral CsC1 gradients, and the amount of this DNA is
      increased by treatment of the cells with mitomycin C. Increasing doses of
      mitomycin C produce smimlar increases in both the amount of HH DNA and the
      frequency of sister chromatid exchanges measured cytologically. This correlation
      provides evidence that the HH DNA is hybrid DNA, formed as an intermediate in
      recombinational repair.

PMID- 954107
TI  - antigen-induced.

PMID- 954108
TI  - Macrophage-lymphocyte clusters in the immune response to soluble protein antigen
      in vitro. III. DNA synthesis of lymphocytes in clusters.

PMID- 954109
TI  - Immune response to phosphorylcholine II, natural "auto"-anti-receptor antibody in
      neonatal Balb/c mice.

PMID- 954110
TI  - [The occurrence of hypersensitivity of a retarded type to IgG cleft by
      sulfitolysis in patients with different forms of psoriasis (author's transl)].

PMID- 954111
TI  - [A contribution to the problems of the recurrence of basilomas (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 954112
TI  - [Noduli piezogenes pedum (pressure-induced nodules of the feet) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 954113
TI  - [A case of epidermal sporotrichosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 954114
TI  - [Spiramycin in the treatment of acute male gonorrhoea (author's transl)].

PMID- 954115
TI  - [Acute alcoholic pancreatitis. II. Clinical study].

PMID- 954116
TI  - [Incidence of vasoneuroses and teleangiectasias in patients with peptic
      ulceration and in healthy subjects (author's transl)].

PMID- 954117
TI  - [Evaluation of 300 patients with operations of the biliary pathways by means
      peroperative cholangiography, manometry and debimetry (author's transl)].

PMID- 954118
TI  - [Effect of diet on fatty acid synthesis in renal cortex slices in the rat
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 954119
TI  - [Investigation of serum lipid changes during mass screening (author's transl)].

PMID- 954120
TI  - [Electron microscopy of hepatocytes in voluntary blood donors with positive
      finding of Australia antigen].
AB  - In twenty blood-donors without clinical symptoms of any hepatic lesion whatever
      there were ascertained positive serum findings of Australian antigen. In three
      samples of hepatobiopsy worked up in these carriers of HB Ag we found specific
      alterations; once it was the case of virus-like dense particles found only in the
      liver, and twice there were similar dense spherical corpuscles in the cisterns of
      smooth endoplasmatic reticule. Once we found a relatively great number of
      filamentous adjustments in a distended endoplasmatic reticule, simultaneously
      with less numerous spherical dense corpuscles which may be considered, however,
      as most likely the modified covering material of the virus.

PMID- 954121
TI  - [Clinically unrecognized valvular defects in high age groups].
AB  - The study has been based on an autopsy series of 474 unrecognized valvular
      defects of the left heart in high age groups beyond 65. The series comprised 186
      males and 288 females with an average age of 77. The incidence of valvular
      defects was 4.02%. There was a significantly higher incidence of mitral valve
      insufficiency than in lower age groups of clinically recognized valvular defects
      (10.75%). The ratio of mitral insufficiency to the stenosis of the left venous
      ostium and combined mitral defect with prevalence of stenosis was 1:4. The
      prevalence of males in the series of isolated stenosis of the left arterial
      ostium attained only 1.35:1.

PMID- 954123
TI  - [Scientific technical revolution, work and health].

PMID- 954122
TI  - [Cytocarcinogenesis of the rat hepatoma induced by N-nitrosomorpholine].
AB  - In experiments carried out on Wistar rats ultrastructrual charges of hepatocytes
      were studied during long-term carcinogenesis due to N-Nitrosomorpholine
      administered as a 20 mg% solution in drinking water. Carcinoma usually developed
      after the 20th week of the experiment. The development of the tumour was preceded
      by early dystrophic changes and, later, by a precancerous posttoxic
      "glycogenosis". The structural alterations as observed during the precancerous
      stage were rather noncharacteristic so that they did not permit to disclose the
      exact point of neoplastic change of the hepatocytes. Nevertheless, the model of
      carcinogenesis as demonstrated here appears to be a rather standard one and seems
      to be suitable for studying oncological problems of general character.

PMID- 954124
TI  - [Concept and principles of construction of a University Hospital with policlinic
      and medical school at the P.J. Safarik University in Kosice].

PMID- 954125
TI  - [Technical and operational solution in the construction of the University
      Hospital and Medical School at the P.J. Safarik University in Kosice].

PMID- 954126
TI  - [Experiences with the operation of the new University Policlinic in Kosice].

PMID- 954127
TI  - [Causes of death in 2 selected districs as revealed by a special epidemiological
      study].

PMID- 954128
TI  - [School medical service and adolescent medicine in the new form of student
      records].

PMID- 954129
TI  - [Rationalization of nutrition in homes for the aged].

PMID- 954130
TI  - The interaction of acetoxy-dimethylnitrosamine, a proximate metabolite of the
      carcinogenic amine, and bacteriophages R17 and T7.
AB  - The biological and physicochemical effects of reacting bacteriophages R17 and T7
      with acetoxy-dimethylnitrosamine (ADMN) have been studied. The rate-determining
      step in the reactions appeared to be the loss of the acetoxy group by hydrolysis,
      the hydroxymethyl-methylnitrosamine generated decomposing rapidly to give a
      methyldiazonium ion and formaldehyde. In experiments with bacteriophage suspended
      in phosphate buffer the biological inactivation observed was the sum of the
      effects of the formaldehyde and of alkylation by the methylcarbonium ion produced
      from the diazonium ion. In experiments with bacteriophage suspended in Tris--HCl
      buffer the effects of formaldehyde were eliminated by its reaction with the
      buffer component. Alkylation by the carbonium ion produced unstable
      phosphotriesters in the bacteriophage RNA which on hydrolysis led to degradation
      of the molecule. In phosphate buffer the formaldehyde cross-linked the protein
      coat of the bacteriophage blocking the extraction of the RNA. Estimates of the
      mean lethal dose and of the extent of degradation of the RNA following reaction
      in Tris--HCl buffer were fairly close to those observed in experiments with N
      methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNUA).

PMID- 954131
TI  - Effects of methylation  of the beta-galactosidase genome upon in vitro synthesis
      of beta-galactosidase.
AB  - A template DNA from phage lambdah80dlacp5 coding for the in vitro synthesis of
      beta-galactosidase was used to study the effect of DNA methylation by the
      alkylating agent, dimethyl sulfate (DMS). Increasing the levels of DMS up to 50
      mM concentration in the incubation medium led to an increase of DNA methylation.
      When incubated for 10 min at 37 degrees C, 3-4% Of nucleotides were methylated.
      The increase was linear to about 0.6% nucleotide methylation level. A higher
      yield was obtained at 37 degrees C incubation temperature than at 20 degrees C.
      Methylation of lambdah80dlacp5 DNA alone without methylation of other factors in
      the incubation mixture caused inhibition of the synthesis of beta-galactosidase
      in vitro. Increasing levels of DNA methylation caused greater inhibition of the
      newly synthesized enzyme activity. Total protein and RNA synthesis was inhibited
      by the methylated DNA to a much lesser extent than the inhibition of enzyme
      activity. When the level of nucleotide methylation was 0.74%, only 2% of enzyme
      activity remained, but total protein and RNA synthetic activities were found to
      be 72% and 44%, respectively.

PMID- 954132
TI  - The 7-methylbenz(a)anthracene deoxyribonucleoside products isolated from DNA
      after metabolism of the carcinogen by rat liver microsomes in the presence of
      DNA.
AB  - Metabolism of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7MeBA) by 3-methylcholanthrene-induced
      rat liver microsomes in the presence of added native or denatured DNA resulted in
      covalent binding of the hydrocarbon to the nucleic acid. Enzymatic degradation
      and column chromatographic fractionation showed that the hydrocarbon
      deoxyribonucleoside products were separable from the products similarly obtained
      from DNA having 7MeBA bound following treatment of mouse embryo cells in culture
      with this hydrocarbon. Comparison of the microsome catalysed hydrocarbon
      deoxyribonucleoside products with those obtained by reaction with DNA of 7MeBA
      5,6-oxide suggested that this K-region epoxide made a significant contribution to
      the liver microsome-induced DNA binding.

PMID- 954133
TI  - PHA response and methylazoxymethanol acetate.
AB  - Several reports have indicated the mutagenicity of the cycasin aglycone, methyl
      azoxymethanol (MAM). Van Den Berg and Ball (1972) have demonstrated the
      inhibitory effects of MAM acetate (MAMac), a more stable form of the aglycone, on
      DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in HeLa cells. The purpose of this study was
      to observe the effects of MAMac on blastogenesis in the human short-term
      leucocyte culture system. A depression in blastogenesis by MAMac was observed
      cytologically derived from two individuals. The same effect was observed
      utilizing [3H] thymidine as an indicator of blastogenesis in a series of cultures
      from 11 male individuals exposed to varying doses of MAMac, ranging from 5
      through 800 mug/ml.

PMID- 954134
TI  - Metabolic interaction of secondary amines and tertiary amino propiophenones with
      monoamine oxidase systems.
AB  - The metabolic interaction of three secondary amines and three nitrogen-containing
      metabolites of safrole (tertiary amino propiophenones) with rat liver
      mitochondrial monoamine oxidase systems was studied in vitro employing [7-14C]
      benzylamine--HCl as a substrate. The two cyclic secondary amines, piperidine and
      pyrrolidine, showed hyperbolic competitive inhibition while pure competitive
      inhibition was observed in case of dimethylamine--HCl and three safrole
      metabolites. Inhibition characteristics for rat liver, kidney and brain
      mitochondrial monoamine oxidase with two cyclic secondary amines and tertiary
      amino with two cyclic secondary amines and tertiary amino propiophenones of
      safrole and elemicin were investigated manometrically using tyramine and
      serotonin as the substrates.

PMID- 954135
TI  - The binding of ethyl carbamate to DNA of mouse liver in vivo: the nature of the
      bound molecule and the site of binding.
AB  - Ethyl carbamate, labelled at C1 with 14C, bound in vivo to liver DNA of intact
      and partially hepatectomised mice. Isotope (18O) enrichment was not detected in
      the oxygen of liver DNA of mice injected with [18O] ethyl carbamate, C2H5--18O-
      CO--NH2. This suggests that it was the ethyl group and not the ethoxy group which
      bound to DNA. Chromatographic analysis of acid hydrolysates of liver DNA from
      mice treated with [1-14C] ethyl carbamate provided no evidence of alkylation or
      other form of binding to purine or pyrimidine bases. On relatively mild acid
      hydrolysis the alkyl group remained bound to the "apurinic acid" fraction, while
      more vigorous hydrolysis lead progressively first to its separation as highly
      ionisable hydrophilic non-volatile compounds and then to its loss as a volatile
      compound. DNAase I followed by phosphodiesterase hydrolysis also split off the
      14C-containing group as a volatile compound. The volatile compound was identified
      as ethanol. These results suggest that the alkyl group was bound as an ester to a
      phosphate group in the DNA chain. Results with DNA from partially hepatectomised
      mice did not differ from those with DNA from intact mice.

PMID- 954136
TI  - Biotransformation of 4-dimethylaminophenol: reaction with glutathione, and some
      properties of the reaction products.
AB  - 4-Dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) forms ferrihemoglobin by catalytic transfer of
      electrons from ferrohemoglobin to oxygen. In solutions of purified human
      hemoglobin, quick binding of oxidized DMAP to the globin moiety of hemoglobin
      terminates this reaction. Reduced glutathione in high concentrations, as in the
      red cell, substantially diminished binding of oxidized DMAP to hemoglobin by
      formation of S,S,S-(2-dimethylamino-5-hydroxy-1,3,4-phenylene)-tris-glutathione
      (tris-(GS)-DMAP), which does not form ferrihemoglobin. In the presence of reduced
      glutathione, DMAP disappeared more rapidly from hemoglobin solutions than in its
      absence. The formation of tris(GS)-DMAP in red  cells was found to be of
      importance for the termination of catalytic ferrihemoglobin formation by DMAP in
      vivo. With low concentrations of GSH, DMAP in hemoglobin solutions formed another
      conjugate, (GS)-DMAP, S,S(2-dimethylamino-5-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)-bis
      glutathione. Similar to DMAP, bis(GS)-DMAP catalyzed the formation of
      ferrihemoglobin. As the oxidized bis(GS)-DMAP was bound to hemoglobin more slowly
      and to a lesser extent, it produced more ferrihemoglobin than DMAP. In contrast
      to the reactions of DMAP with hemoglobin, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide
      radicals are involved in the ferrihemoglobin formation by bis(GS)-DMAP. The
      radicals accelerate the oxidation of bis(GS)-DMAP and thereby the ferrihemoglobin
      formation.

PMID- 954137
TI  - Platinum complexes of substituted ethylenediamines and their anti-tumour
      activity.
AB  - A large number of substituted ethylenediamine complexes of platinum (II) and
      platinum(IV) have been prepared and characterised, and their anti-tumour activity
      tested against sarcoma 180, leukemia L1210, and ADJ/PC6A plasma cell tumours. In
      general these complexes are less active than simpler amine analogues, though
      several complexes show activity against all of the screens. Difference in
      activity of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) analogues leads us to cast doubt on the
      "in vivo reduction" theory hitherto used to describe the action  of platinum(IV)
      complexes.

PMID- 954138
TI  - Biochemical changes in the boll weevil induced by Rose Bengal in the absence of
      light.

PMID- 954139
TI  - The time course of DNA repair following methyl nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
      treatment of P388F lymphoma cells in culture. I. Alkali dissociable DNA lesions
      and their restitution.
AB  - The pattern of formation and rejoining of P388F cell DNA single strand breaks
      revealed by alkaline sedimentation centrifugation studies following treatment
      with methyl nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) has been studied. Three periods of
      single strand break formation have been recognised, an initial period during the
      first 4 h where breaks are rapidly formed and rejoined, a second (medial) time
      range of 10-15 h following treatment and a final stage where the formation of
      breaks appears to be related to cell killing processes. The initial phase is
      considered to be due to the production and repair of X-ray like DNA lesions
      whereas those of the medial time range are more comparable to the enzymatic
      processes associated with the repair of ultraviolet light-induced damage.

PMID- 954140
TI  - The time course of DNA repair following methyl nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
      treatment of p388f lymphoma cells in culture. II. DNA repair synthesis and its
      correlation with strand breakage.
AB  - Repair synthesis has been followed in P388F cell DNA following treatment with N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) using 5-iodo-deoxyuridine (IUdR) and
      [3H] thymidine combination. A pattern of repair synthesis was obtained, similar
      in its timing to the initial and medial stages of single-strand break formation
      and rejoining within the first 24 h after treatment. A higher base insertion
      frequency in relation to single-strand breaks occurs during the medial stage of
      repair. However, a fundamental problem with the use of iododeoxyuridine and [3H]
      thymidine ([3H] TdR) as a suitable measure of repair synthesis was encountered
      and a potential source of error in such experiments was observed.

PMID- 954141
TI  - Effects of actinomycin D and puromycin on colchicine-induced endoreduplication in
      Chinese hamster cells in vitro.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to study the events through which the process of
      endoreduplication occurs after treatment with colchicine in Chinese hamster cells
      cultivated in vitro, and to analyse the differences between the processes leading
      to normal mitosis and those leading to endoreduplication. Chinese hamster cells
      (line C-125) were treated with colchicine (10(-4) M) for 1 h, in order to induce
      endoreduplication. Before and after colchicine treatment the cultures were
      treated at various intervals with actinomycin D and puromycin. For preparation of
      mitosis specific RNA synthesis is required, and also synthesis of a specific
      protein, which is not required for endoreduplication. Moreover this suggests not
      only that the cells that endoreduplicate do not need new RNA and protein
      synthesis, but that inhibition of their synthesis apparently favours the
      processes of endoreduplication.

PMID- 954142
TI  - Actinomycin D-induced enhancement of ubiquinone biosynthesis in rat.
AB  - Administration of actinomycin D to fasted rats induces an enhancement of the
      labeling of hepatic ubiquinone by [2-14C] acetate both in vivo and in vitro. The
      incorporation of [2-14C] mevalonate into ubiquinone is also increased, although
      to a significantly lesser extent; this, however, presumably results from greater
      uptake of the labeled precursor by liver of drug-treated rats. The drug
      administered animals show increased activity of liver microsomal mevalonate: NADP
      oxidoreductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in isoprenoid biogenesis. The
      incorporation of [u-14C] benzoic acid and CH3-[14C] methionine into ubiquinone in
      liver slices, however, reveals a decrease in actinomycin D administered rats.
      This appears to be due to a specific inhibition of the pathway leading to the
      benzoquinone moiety of ubiquinone and not to an increase in the pool-size of the
      precursors. The stimulatory effect of the drug on ubiquinone biosynthesis is also
      observable in cholesterol-fed rats. The actinomycin D-induced increase in
      ubiquinone biosynthesis is dependent on new protein synthesis since the effect is
      abolished by treating the animals with either cycloheximide or puromycin.

PMID- 954143
TI  - Action of a platinum complex [cis-dichlorobis (cyclopentylamine)-platinum (II)]
      on Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro.
AB  - cis-Dichlorobis(cyclopentylamine)platinum (II) (DBCP) treatment of Chinese
      hamster ovary (CHO) monolayer cell cultures was found to cause: (1) growth
      inhibition due to an impaired G1 leads to S transition and formation of a non
      cycling compartment; (2) delayed cell death (with a maximum at 72 h after
      treatment); (3) decrease of [14C] TdR incorporation into DNA. Part of the
      surviving cell population was subject to non-lethal damage. The Do values of the
      dose--survival curves were 9.2 and 14 mug/ml in two kinds of media differing in
      Na+ and Cl- concentrations. There was no sparing effect of dose fractionation and
      no cell cycle phase specificity. In the dose range corresponding to the shoulder
      region of the dose-survival curve,the lethal effect of DBCP treatment was
      directly related to the decreased rate of DNA synthesis in DBCP-treated cells.

PMID- 954144
TI  - Inhibition of viral multiplication by homologous methylated ribonucleic acids. V.
      Inhibition of myxoviruses in mouse.
AB  - Mice respond to intravenous injection of homologous methylated RNA by the
      production of a circulating interferon-like substance. The treatment with
      modified RNA induces a significant protection against viral infection. This
      effect is optimum when the treatment occurs a few hours before viral infection.
      The protective effect is a peculiar property of homologous methylated RNA as
      heterologous RNAs do not induce any resistance to the infection with influenza
      virus.

PMID- 954145
TI  - Distribution and cytogenetic test of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T phenoxyacetic acids in
      mouse blood tissues.
AB  - The phenoxyacetic acids 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5
      trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), extensively used as herbicides, were
      tested for cytogenetic effects by means of induced micronuclei in erythrocytes of
      mouse bone marrow.  Because of the hig experimental resolution power this is a
      particularly suitable test system for the detection of weak chromosome breaking
      activity in mammals.  The cytogenetic tests were supplemented with chemical
      analyses of the concentration the the test substances reaching the target
      cells...

PMID- 954146
TI  - The effect of pre-treatment with phenobarbitone on the activation of aflatoxin B1
      by rat liver.
AB  - Microsomes prepared from rats pre-treated with phenobarbitone are more effective
      in activating aflatoxin B1 in vitro to a metabolite which inhibits RNA polymerase
      than are microsomes obtained from control animals. This result is in contrast
      with the situation in vivo where pre-treatment with phenobarbitone protects
      against inhibition of RNA synthesis by aflatoxin B1. The hypothesis is advanced
      that, in vivo, the activation of aflatoxin B1 which is significant in terms of
      inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis largely occurs on the outer nuclear
      membrane, and that by increasing activation by the microsomes, phenobarbitone pre
      treatment reduces the amount of aflatoxin B1 available for the nuclear
      activation.

PMID- 954147
TI  - Urinary metabolites of 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene.
AB  - Urinary metabolites excreted after a subcutaneous injection of 3,3-dimethyl
      1[14C] phenyltriazene (DM[1-14C]PT) to rats accounted for 82% of the applied
      radioactivity. We have isolated aniline (1-2%), 2-hydroxyaniline (5-7%), 3
      hydroxyaniline (about 1%) and 4-hydroxyaniline (31-37%) from ethyl acetate
      extracts of acid-hydrolysed urine, UV spectrometric determination of 4
      hydroxyaniline, using the indophenol reaction, showed that the most abundant
      metabolite accounted for 56 to 61% of the applied dose. We have also demonstrated
      the excretion of metabolites containing the intact triazene structure (0.9-1.1%)
      by cold acid cleavage of these compounds, followed by coupling of the released
      arenediazonium cations with N-ethyl-1-naphthylamine (EN). The coloured
      derivatives of these metabolites, 4-benzeneazo-N-ethyl-1-naphthylamine (BAEN)
      (0.6-0.7%), 4-(2-hydroxybenzeneazo)-N-ethyl-1-napthylamine (2-HO-BAEN) (0.02%)
      and 4-(4-hydroxybenzeneazo)-N-ethyl-1-naphthylamine (4-HO-BAEN) (0.3-0.4%) were
      isolated. The identification of BAEN as the principal azo derivative of the
      excreted triazene metabolites is in full agreement with the proposed in vivo
      activation of 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene (DMPT) to a carcinogenic methylating
      agent. The hydroxylation of the methyl group at N-3 yields the corresponding
      aminol, some of which is covalently bonded to a water-soluble compound.

PMID- 954148
TI  - The effect of oral doses of a polythiol resin on the excretion of methylmercury
      in mice treated with cysteine, D-penicillamine or phenobarbitone.
AB  - Mice dosed with methylmercury chloride (0.5 to 2.0 mg Hg/kg i.p.) labeled with
      the 203Hg isotope were given polythiol resin in their food (2% w/w). The effect
      of pretreatment with phenobarbitone, or co-administration of D-penicillamine or L
      cysteine, was tested on the efficacy of the resin to accelerate the excretion of
      methylmercury. The effect of the polythiol resin in enhancing fecal excretion was
      dependent on the dose of methylmercury, it being significantly greater at doses
      of 1.0 and 2.0 than at 0.5 mg Hg/kg. In animals given the resin and
      phenobarbitone (0.1% w/w drinking water), fecal excretion was approx. 36% greater
      than in animals given resin alone. Penicillamine (2.5 mg/ml drinking water)
      actually retarted elimination of methylmercury in animals given the resin.
      Despite the enhanced efficacy of the resin plus phenobarbitone, the brain levels
      of methylmercury were not reduced beyond those seen in animals given resin alone.
      The mechanisms and implications of these effects are discussed.

PMID- 954149
TI  - A new class of inhibitory cytochrome P-450 complexes formed during metabolism: a
      comparison with amphetamine and SKF 525-A type complexes.
AB  - During the metabolism of p-chloroaniline, sulfanilamide, 2-methylindoline, and
      dapsone, complexes with cytochrome P-450 are formed which absorb maximally at
      448, 450, 451, and 452 nm, respectively. These complexes are similar to the
      complexes from amphetamines (456 nm) and SKF 525-A (452 nm) in the conditions
      for, and rate of their formation, and their inhibition of ethylmorphine N
      demethylase activity. Similarly, the formation is mainly a property of
      phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 and is inhibited by comparable
      concentrations of metyrapone and 2-O-iodophenoxymethylimidazole. Unlike the
      complexes from amphetamine and SKF 525-A, those formed from p-chloroaniline,
      sulfanilamide, 2-methylindoline, and dapsone are unstable in the presence of
      sodium dithionite.

PMID- 954150
TI  - Cadmium-thionein and the protection by cadmium against the nephrotoxicity of
      mercury.
AB  - Uptake of Hg2+ into the renal and hepatic metallothioneins of rats is increased
      by pretreatment with Cd2+. This increased uptake occurs both by displacement of
      Cd2+ (and of Zn2+) from the presynthesized cadmium-thionein, and by further
      synthesis of thionein. The former mechanism predominates in the kidney of the
      male rat, which is more sensitive than the female to Hg2+. The latter mechanism,
      which occurs particularly in the kidney of the female, also is considered to
      involve an initial displacement of Cd2+ from cadmium-thionein, but is followed by
      further synthesis of the metalloprotein, which is induced by the liberated
      cation. Pretreatment with Cd2+ increases not only the incorporation of Hg2+ into
      the renal metallothionein, but also the uptake of Hg2+ into other components of
      the kidney. At dose levels of Hg2+ at which Cd2+-pretreatment gives complete
      protection against the nephrotoxicity in male and female rats, the increase in
      Hg2+-uptake into both the particulate components and into the soluble fraction of
      the kidney is greater than into metallothionein. It is concluded, therefore, that
      binding of Hg2+ by pre-induced cadmium-thionein alone cannot explain the
      protection by Cd2+ against the nephrotoxicity of Hg2+.

PMID- 954151
TI  - Supplementation and excretion of ascorbic acid in healthy women.

PMID- 954152
TI  - Non-random nature of in vivo interaction of 3H-N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene
      and its subsequent removal from rat liver chromatin-DNA.

PMID- 954153
TI  - The half-life of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase in human blood
      monocytes.

PMID- 954154
TI  - Differential methods of enhancing cognitive growth in urban preschool children.
AB  - The investigation was carried out to design and test more purposeful and
      structured methods of promoting intellectual growth in culturally deprived
      preschool children. The relative merits of providing specific cognitive training
      both in a nursery setting and in the home through the influence of the mother
      were assessed. Four groups each of 15 children were involved in the experiment,
      which extended over a period of four months. Gains were confirmed for both
      general intelligence and linguistic competence. Both the two nursery groups and
      the experimental "home" group all showed considerable improvement, the latter
      being comparable to the nursery control group.

PMID- 954155
TI  - "Paired reading" tuition: a preliminary report on a technique for cases of
      reading deficit.
AB  - A simple and flexible reading tuition procedure is described, incorporating
      simultaneous reading and verbally reinforced individual reading, utilizing any
      reading material of the child's choice, and maximizing continuous adaptation to
      individual reading behaviour. Three reading-deficient children tutored by "paired
      reading" are presented, indicating a clear increase in the percentage of words
      correctly read and reaching statistical significance over twelve hours of
      tuition.

PMID- 954156
TI  - Follow-up ?at II years of 46 children with severe unilateral hearing loss at 7
      years.
AB  - In the ongoing NCDS, 44 children of the 46 identified at 7 years as having a
      serious unilateral hearing loss were followed up at II years. Half of them had
      recovered normal bilateral hearing, the remainder still had serious deafness in
      one ear. Although at 7 years the 46 children as a group had shown backwardness in
      oral ability, speech and reading, at II years both the "recovered" and the
      "persistent" were similar to their age peers in scholastic attainment. Despite
      their original apparent difficulty it was encouraging to find that several
      children in both subgroups were noted as possessing outstanding academic ability.
      It is concluded that with prompt follow-up by an alerted school doctor, children
      with unilateral deafness at age 7 years are likely to progress satisfactorily in
      later childhood.

PMID- 954157
TI  - Review: language acquisition in the normal child.

PMID- 954158
TI  - Bed wetting and emotional disorder: an "interactionist" model.
AB  - Twenty-two of 94 4-year-olds in a nursery schools sample in a working class area
      wet their beds at least once a week. The enuresis was significantly associated
      with other behavioural items which could be interpreted as representing general
      emotional immaturity. A malaise score of the enuretics' mothers was higher than
      that of the remaining mothers. It is suggested that from these results can be
      seen the beginning of a damaging interaction which could lead to emotional
      disorder in the child.

PMID- 954159
TI  - Sound reward toys.
AB  - The multiplicity of disciplines involved in a comprehensive treatment and
      assessment centre provides fertile ground for the design of new apparatus of
      practical use in the field of therapy. Such projects encourage team work, are of
      considerable benefit to the patients and can lead to new approaches to problems.
      The construction and use of three sound reward toys for the diagnosis and
      treatment of speech disorders is described.

PMID- 954160
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on the regional distribution of cardiac output in the dog.
AB  - Twenty-one dogs were studied under conditions of normal oxygenation and hypoxia
      with the microsphere distribution method to determine the effect of arterial
      oxygen saturation on the regional distribution of cardiac output. The dogs were
      anesthetized and artifically ventilated. Cannulas were placed in the left
      ventricle to administer microspheres and in a peripheral artery to determine
      cardiac output. Each dog received two microsphere injections: (1) while normally
      oxygenated (room air), and (2) under hypoxia (10% oxygen-90% nitrogen in 10 dogs
      and 5% oxygen-95% nitrogen in 11 dogs). Absolute cardiac output increased from 87
      +/- 15 ml/min per kg to 101 +/- 14 ml/min per kg during mild hypoxia (10% oxygen)
      (P less than 0.05), and from 73 +/- 17 ml/min per kg to 120 +/- 24 ml/min per kg
      during severe hypoxia (5% oxygen) (P less than 0.01). Absolute blood flows
      increased to all organs except skin and muscle during hypoxia, although there
      were decreases in the fractional distribution of cardiac output to the splanchnic
      bed and kidney. Striking changes were found in coronary, hepatic, and cerebral
      circulation, and the organ with, greatest response to hypoxia was the heart, with
      increased coronary flow of 37% and 285% during exposure to 10% and 5% oxygen,
      respectively. Hence, low oxygen levels in blood cause redistribution of cardiac
      output and arterial content plays an important role in blood flow regulation.

PMID- 954161
TI  - Action potential changes under varied [Na+]0 and [Ca2+]0 indicating the existence
      of two inward currents in cells of the rabbit atrioventricular node.
AB  - In the perfused rabbit heart,the upstroke of the transmembrane action potential
      of fibers of the atrioventricular (AV) node presents two distinct components. The
      first depends strongly on extracellular sdoium concentration, but the degree to
      which it is activated is influenced by extracellular calcium, as indicated by the
      correlation between its Vmax and [Ca2+]0. The second component depends on calcium
      and sodium concentrations and is blocked by Mn ions. An analysis comparing action
      potentials from atrial (A), atrionodal (AN), and nodal (N) fibers shows that the
      second component of the upstroke of the action potential contributes 12%, 27%,
      and 34% to the total depolarization. The results suggest that the upstroke of the
      nodal action potential results from the activation of two inward currents, as in
      ordinary cardiac fibers. We postulate that (1) the degree of steady state
      inactivation of gNa is larger in N than in A fibers because of the low resting
      potential of the former, and (2) the contribution of the second channel to the
      upstroke depends on the time course of the previous depolarization and the
      potential level at which this component is activated.

PMID- 954162
TI  - Low renal papillary plasma flow in both Dahl and Kyoto rats with spontaneous
      hypertension.
AB  - Abnormally low plasma flow to renal papilla characterizes Dahl hypertension. When
      eating a normal Na diet (0.3% NaCl) both hypertension-sensitive (S) rats and
      hypertension-resistant (R) rats, 16 weeks old, have fairly normal blood pressure
      (BP), averaging 144 and 129 mm Hg, respectively. However, even in this barely
      hypertensive state, 18 S rats had a 31% lower papillary plasma flow (Lilienfield
      method) than 22 R rats, 19.2 ml/100 g of papilla per min compared to 25.6 (P less
      than 0.001). When a high (8%) NaCl diet was fed for 7 days, R rats increased
      papillary plasma flow from 25.6 on 0.3% NaCl to 33.8 on 8% NaCl, a 32% rise (P
      less than 0.001). S rats increased papillary flow from 20.4 to 24.8, a 22% rise
      (P less than 0.05). When a high (8%) NaCl diet was fed for 4 weeks, R rats
      increased papillary plasma flow from 25.7 ml/100 g per min on 0.3% NaCl to 29.5
      ml/100 g per min on 8% NaCl, a 15% rise (P less than 0.025). S rats increased
      papillary flow from 17.7 to 20.0 ml/100 g per min (not significant). S rats on 8%
      NaCl had a papillary flow 32% lower than R rats on 8% NaCl (P less than 0.001).
      BP of S rats rose to 162 mm Hg after 4 weeks on 8% NaCl; in R rats, BP did not
      rise at all. S rats on 0.3% NaCl have a low papillary flow even in a borderline
      hypertensive state. When challenged with 8% NaCl, R rats increased papillary
      flow, an adaptation possibly important for the natriuresis. S rats failed to
      achieve this same high papillary flow. Lacking this adaptation, hypertension may
      then conceivably occur in S rats to accomplish natriuresis through a "pressure
      natriuresis" mechanism. Papillary flow also decreased by 11% in 26 Kyoto 17-week
      old spontaneously hypertensives (BP, 182 mm Hg) compared to 24 Kyoto
      normotensives (BP, 118 mm Hg), 29.5 vs 33.2 ml/100 g per min (P less than 0.001).
      Thus, low papillary flow exists in both hypertensions.

PMID- 954163
TI  - The effect of the pattern of cardiac sympathetic activity on myocardial
      contractile force and norepinephrine overflow in the dog heart.
AB  - The left of right cardiac sympathetic nerves in open-chest, anesthetized dogs
      were stimulated at mean frequencies of 2 or 4 Hz. The stimuli were applied
      intermittently, in patterns with repetition rates or either 60/min or 15/min, to
      simulate the spontaneous patterns of sympathetic neural activity that occur
      synchronously with the cardiac or respiratory cycles, respectively. With either
      repetition rate, intermittent stimulation of the left sympathetic nerves was
      about 10-20% less effective in enhancing myocardial contractile force (CF) and
      about 10% less effective in increasing coronary sinus blood flow than was steady
      stimulation at the same mean frequency. With right-sided stimulation, there was
      no appreciable difference between steady and intermettent stimulation patterns
      with respect to the effect on heart rate. With either left-or right-sided
      stimulation, the rate of norepinephrine (NE) overflow into the coronary sinus
      blood was 20-40% less with intermittent than with steady stimulation. Cocaine
      administration did not materially affect this difference in NE overflow. It was
      concluded that the higher instantaneous frequencies that prevail during
      intermittent stimulation result in a reduction in the rate of NE release at the
      sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings in the heart.

PMID- 954164
TI  - Interaction of capillary and tissue forces in the cat small intestine.
AB  - We measured steady state capillary hydrostatic pressure (P c,i), plasma and lymph
      protein concentrations, lymph and blood flow, and capillary filtration
      coefficients in an in situ loop of cat small intestine at venous outflow
      pressures (PV) of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm Hg. The data were used to
      calculate colloid osmotic pressure of lymph and plasma, interstitial fluid
      pressure (Pt), pre- and postcapillary resistances, and a tissue pressure-volume
      curve of the intestinal interstitium. When PV was elevated from 0 to 30 mm Hg,
      lymph protein concentration decreased from 3.8 to 1.9 g/100 ml (representing a
      change in colloid osmotic pressure of 6.2 mm Hg), lymph flow increased 7-fold (or
      an equivalent imbalance in Starling forces of 4.3 mm Hg), and the calculated PT
      increased from 1.8 to +5.3. Because lymph flow draining the loop decreased during
      the determination of Pc, i at venous pressures between 15 and 30 mm Hg, the
      corresponding calculated PT may be in error by 1-2 mm Hg. The tissue pressure
      volume relationship calculated from the data indicates that the intestinal
      interstitial volume expands nonlinearly and this expansion is characterized by
      two distinctly different compliant components: (1) tissue compliance is low at PV
      between 0 and 15 mm Hg (0.4 ml/mm Hg), and (2) at PV greater than 15 mm Hg the
      tissue compliance is relatively high (4 ml/mm Hg). We found that when PV was
      elevated from 0 to 15 mm Hg, increases in PT are the major tissue adjustments
      that oppose the increased filtration pressures. Furthermore, at Pv of 20-30 mm
      Hg, tissue protein concentration decreases, lymph flow relative to the filtration
      coefficient (deltaP DROP) increases and, to a much lesser extent, PT increases.
      Finally, the combination of these changes in tissue force at high filtration
      pressures represent a maximum tissue edema "safety factor" of 10 mm Hg; further
      increases in filtration pressures result in large volume movements into the
      intestinal lumen.

PMID- 954165
TI  - Transcapillary escape rate of albumin and right atrial pressure in chronic
      congestive heart failure before and after treatment.
AB  - The transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb), i.e., the fraction of
      intravascular mass of albumin that passes to the extravascular space per unit of
      time, was determined from the disappearance of intravenously injected 125I
      labeled human serum albumin during the first 60 minutes after injection in 10
      subjects with chronic right heart failure. The investigation was repeated after
      sodium and water depletion. Before treatment TERalb was significantly elevated
      (mean 8.3 +/- 1.6% (SD)/hour, in comparison to values for normal subjects (mean
      5.4 +/- 1.1%/hour, P less than 0.001). With treatment TERalb decreased
      significantly (mean 5.9 +/- 1.2%/hour, P less than 0.01). Right atrial pressure
      decreased from an average of 10 mm Hg to 6 mm Hg during treatment. A
      statistically significant, positive correlation was found between TERalb and
      right atrial pressure (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001). Our results best can be
      explained by increased filtration, mainly through the venous end of the
      microvasculature, due to the increased venous pressure in heart failure.

PMID- 954166
TI  - Intrarenal distribution of blood flow in rats determined by 125I-iodoantipyrine
      uptake.

PMID- 954167
TI  - Quantification of collateral resistance in acute and chronic experimental
      coronary occlusion in the dog.
AB  - The resistance to coronary blood flow in various parts of the myocardium was
      studied with the tracer microspheres technique before and immediately after an
      acute coronary occlusion and several weeks after a more slowly occurring coronary
      occlusion by Ameroid constrictor. All experiments were carried out in the
      isolated, metabolically supported, empty, beating dog heart at maximal coronary
      vasodilation induced with adenosine. Coronary resistance of the normal empty
      beating heart at maximal coronary vasodilation was 0.20 mm mm Hg/(ml/min) per 100
      g of tissue (subepicardium) and 0.16 mm Hg/(ml/min) per 100 g of tissue
      (subendocardium). After acute coronary occlusion the perfusion of the subtended
      myocardium was maintained at a much lower level by way of collateral vessels,
      which showed a resistance to flow of 3.52 mm Hg/(ml/min) per 100 g. If coronary
      artery occlusion proceeded more slowly the collateral vessels became more
      functional and myocardial infarction was avoided. During collateral enlargement
      collateral resistance fell from 3.52 to 0.22 mm Hg/(ml/min) per 100 g within a
      period of 8 weeks after implantation of the constricting device. The degree of
      compensation by collaterals for the loss of the occluded native coronary artery
      was 33% of its former conductance.

PMID- 954168
TI  - Effects of treatment with pyruvate and tromethamine in experimental myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - Failure of glycolysis to increase sufficiently to supply optimal levels of energy
      production in ischemic heart muscle is due in part to the cummulative restrainst
      of acidosis on rate-limiting enzymes, particularly glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase. In an effort to modify this inhibition and salvage jeopardized
      myocardium, treatment with excess levels of pyruvate and tromethamine (Tris),
      designed to buffer intracellular hydrogen ion accumulations and improve the
      oxidation-reduction ratio, NAD+/NADH, was tested in 59 swine hearts in two
      separate preparations of global and regional ischemia. Global ischemia, per se,
      caused hemodynamic deterioration and shortened survival time (44.3 +/- 3.1
      minutes). Myocardial oxygen consumption, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose uptake
      were all significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced as were estimates of
      glycolysis and tissue stores of creatine phosphate and ATP (P less than 0.01).
      Although treatment with Tris alone was inconclusive, administrations of pyruvate
      (40-50 mM) buffered with Tris (added directly into the coronary perfusate)
      effected an improvement in mechanical function and a significant prolongation in
      survival time (56.9 +/- 2.6 minutes. P less than 0.01). Glycogenolysis was
      enhanced and levels of key glycolytic intermediates were reduced, suggesting an
      acceleration of glycolytic flux. Excess levels of pyruvate (1.52 +/- 0.48
      mumol/ml of coronary perfusate) provided added substrate for oxidation and led to
      a greater than 5-fold incrase in rates of pyruvate decarboxylation as compared to
      untreated ischemic hearts...

PMID- 954169
TI  - The decay of the potentiated state in sheep and calf ventricular myocardial
      fibers. Influence of agents acting on transmembrane Ca2+ flux.
AB  - Paired pulse stimulation increases the contractile strength of mammalian
      myocardium. If stimulation is discontinued the "potentiated state" takes several
      minutes to decay, as shown by the first contraction following resumption of
      stimulation. From earlier experiments it has been inferred that contractile force
      depends on Ca2+ released from intracellular stores rather than on an influx of
      Ca2+ associated with a given action potential. This view now receives support
      from the following findings: (1) Ni2+ and Co2+, known to inhibit Ca2+ influx
      during the action potential, when applied during a 2-minute rest period, are
      practically without effect on the strength of the first beat but strongly depress
      steady state contractions. (2) Caffeine, known to enhance Ca2+ efflux from and
      inhibit Ca2+ uptake into intracellular stores, greatly accelerates the decay of
      the potentiated state during a rest period. (3) Na+ -poor solution, known to
      inhibit Ca2+ efflux, has a strong positive inotropic effect. Paired pulse
      stimulation fails to increase contractile strength in Na+ -poor solution, and a
      rest period of many minutes is practically without effect on the amplitude of the
      first beat after resumption of stimulation. The results indicate that contraction
      is due to Ca2+ released from internal stores whose degree of filling can be
      altered.

PMID- 954170
TI  - Chronic one-kidney hypertension in rabbits. II. Evidence for a new factor.
AB  - The arterial pressure of rabbits with chronic one-kidney hypertension can be
      lowered to normotensive levels by direct immunization with preparations made from
      the cortex of hog kidneys. Hypertensive rabbits that are immunized with large
      amounts of renin may develop high plasma antirenin titers without affecting their
      blood pressure. Removal of renin by chromatography on columns of immobilized
      antirenin yields preparations with little or no renin. Such preparations may be
      effective in lowering blood pressure although they do not elicit the formation of
      plasma antirenin and the rabbits remain sensitive to challenging doses of rabbit
      renin. The evidence suggests that an unknown substance is responsible for the
      development of a cross-reacting antibody that neutralizes an unknown factor that
      is essential for the maintence of an elevated blood pressure level in rabbits
      with chronic one-kidney hypertension.

PMID- 954171
TI  - Age-related changes in ouabain pharmacology. Ouabain exhibits a different volume
      of distribution in adult and young dogs.
AB  - To better understand why one must administer much higher doeses of digitalis
      glycosides to immature than to mature humans and animals, we studied ouabain
      pharmacokinetics in adult and young dogs. Consistent with reported observations
      that ouabain-binding, metabolism, and excretion do not change with age, we found
      no significant differences in the transfer coefficients in a linear two
      compartment open model for ouabain pharmacokinetics following a bolus of 0.05
      mg/kg. We did find, however, that young dogs had nearly twice the ouabain volumes
      of distribution per kilogram of body weight as adults (155.4 +/- 1.2 (SE) ml/kg
      vs. 80 +/- 0.6, P less than 0.0005) and that one could account for this
      difference with the fact that young dogs had nearly twice the plasma volume 108
      +/- 9.8, vs. 68 +/- 7.3, P = 0.001) and interstitial fluid space (318 +/- 35 vs.
      190 +/- 6.5, P = 0.006) as the adults. For the same dose per kilogram, left and
      right ventricular ouabain concentrations were inversely related to the volume of
      distribution, with the adults having significantly higher tissue levels and
      incidence of arrhythmias. One must give more ouabain to a young dog to get the
      same plasma concentration as in an adult because the mass of ouabain in rapid
      equilibrium with the plasma is diluted in a larger volume of distribution.

PMID- 954172
TI  - Effect of exercise conditioning on the intrinsic contractile state of cat
      myocardium.
AB  - Fourteen adult cats were exercised on a motor-driven treadmill 5 days each week
      for 6 weeks to determine the effect of exercise conditioning on the intrinsic
      contractile state of the myocardium. The exercise program was sufficient to
      produce a cardiovascular training effect manifested by slower exercising heart
      rates and resting heart rates after atropine by the end of the 6th week. The
      mechanical function of the isolated right ventricular papillary muscle from
      exercised cats was compared with that of 17 sedentary adult cats. There were no
      significant differences between exercised and control cats in in heart weight
      body weight ratios, resting and active lenght - tension relations, maximal rate
      of isometric force development at the peak of the length-tension curve (Lmax),
      time to peak force at Lmax, maximal force development with paired stimulation and
      norepinephrine, or force-velocity relations. These results indicate that the
      intrinsic state of feline myocardium is unaffected by exercise conditioning.

PMID- 954173
TI  - Effects of cardiac sympathetic stimulation and ablation of canine ventricular
      anodal strength-interval curves.
AB  - We studied the effects of cardiac sympathetic stimulation and ablation on
      characteristics of the anodal-strength interval curve in 10 pentobarbital
      anesthetized open-chest dogs. We gave special attention to the form and
      particularly the depth of early dips of the anodal strength-interval curve. When
      the central connections of the cardiac sympathetic nerves were intact, left
      stellate stimulation decreased threshold for excitation during the dip only
      slightly (from 883 +/- 442 muA to 774 +/- 326 muA P less than 0.1). However,
      after left stellectomy and upper thoracic ganglionectomy, stimulation of the cut
      ends the ansa subclavia decreased the dip threshold from an average of 952 +/-
      321 muA to 707 +/- 210 muA, A less than 0.01. Dip thresholds in strength-interval
      curves determined 1-1.5 hours after ganglionectomy average 1164 +/- 296 muA
      compared to an average dip threshold of 791 +/- 269 muA in strength-interval
      curves measured immediately prior to stellectomy. This increase is statistically
      significant (P less than 0.005). In addition to the effects of sympathetic tone
      on disparity of refractory period and ventricular fibrillation threshold, the
      effects of sympathetic tone on the form of the strength-interval curve may be
      another factor influencing vulnerability to arrhythmias and particularly in
      patients with abnormal autonomic tone.

PMID- 954174
TI  - Cell permeability, sodium transport, and the hypertensive process in the rat.
AB  - The tail artery of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) (Carworth Farms),
      excised rapidly and immersed immediately in cold (2 degrees C) Li-substituted
      physiologic salt solution (LiPSS), continues to exchange cell Na+ and K+ for Li+,
      this exchange is negligible to the control (Carworth Farms normotensive) CFN). In
      the incubated artery at 37 degrees C, when the vascular smooth muscle cell is
      slack, the leakiness of the cell membrane in the SHR is more than offset by
      increased Na+ pumping activity, so that cell Na+ is subnormal. A high precision
      technique with ion-specific electrodes was developed to follow the passive
      downhill and active uphill phases of Na+-K+ exchange in the perfused artery
      exposed to K+-free physiologic salt solution (K+-free PSS) followed by
      physiological salt solution (PSS). The exchange was found to be fully reversible
      and sufficiently equimolar to be definable in terms of movements of K+ alone. The
      rates of ionic movement across the vascular smooth muscle cell were found to be
      about 6 times faster for the vessel perfused at low pressure (less than 3 mm Hg)
      than for the slack incubated artery. The rate of passive downhill movement was
      significantly accelerated in the mature SHR compared with CFN, and the net active
      transport activity much enhanced. Similar changes were seen as early as 3 weeks
      after treatment with DOCA and were pronounced at 8 weeks. It is proposed that
      conditions favoring a sustained accumulation of Na+ in the vascular smooth muscle
      cell are countered by an enhanced synthesis of transport protein, of contractile
      protein, and of paracellular matrix protein which progressively restructure the
      wall.

PMID- 954175
TI  - Hormonal and nutritional substrate control of cardiac lysosomal enzyme
      activities.
AB  - Prolonged starvation is known to induce significant alterations in several
      cardiac lysosomal enzymes, particularly the acid proteinase cathepsin D. To
      determine what specific factors might mediate these changes, fetal mouse hearts
      in organ culture were maintained in media designed to simulate selected hormonal
      or nutritional substrate changes that accompany starvation. Reduced
      concentrations of glucose caused an increase in the activity of beta
      acetylglucosaminidase but had no effect on cathepsin D or acid phosphatase
      activites (i.e., effects opposite from those of starvation). Also, high
      concentrations of free fatty acid, acetoacetate, and beta-OH-butyrate induced an
      increase in cathepsin D (+18%) and a simultaneous decrease in glucosaminidase (
      19%), with little change in acid phosphatase. Furthermore, glucagon had no effect
      on any of the enzymes, whereas growth hormone caused a small (6%) increase in
      cathepsin D activity. In addition, insulin deprivation caused significant
      increases (7-25%) in the activities of all three enzymes. Insulin deprivation and
      excess ketones, but not the other interventions, increased the proportion of
      enzyme activity which was nonsedimentable. These results suggest the possibility
      that lysosomal alterations during starvation may be related in part to prolonged
      insulin deficiency and exposure to high concentrations of ketones and free fatty
      acids.

PMID- 954176
TI  - Red cell velocity and plasma transit time in the cerebral microcirculation of
      spherocytic deer mice.
AB  - Spherocytic deer mice provide a model of human spherocytosis. Their erythrocytes
      are abnormal in shape and are more rigid than normal red blood cells (RBC). Like
      their human counterparts, spherocytic mice are anemic. Measurements of RBC
      velocity in microvessels on the cerebral surface failed to reveal a difference
      between the velocity of cells in spherocytic as compared to normal deer mice.
      However, plasma transit, as measured by fluorescein microangiography, was faster
      than normal. Both decreased plasma transit time and increased RBC velocity are
      expected in nonspherocytic, anemic mice. Since the former, but not the latter,
      was found in the spherocytic, anemic mice, it appears that increased RBC rigidity
      has a greater effect on RBC movement than on plasma movement within the cerebral
      microcirculation. Thus iit would seem that this increased RBC rigidity prevents
      the increased RBC velocity that otherwise would be observed in anemia but does
      not prevent the decrease in plasma transit time.

PMID- 954177
TI  - Letter: The role of arterial baroreceptors in mediating the cardiovascular
      response to a cardiac glycoside in conscious dogs.

PMID- 954178
TI  - Pollution, mercury and the clinical chemist.

PMID- 954179
TI  - Effect of different lysing and washing methods on free amino acid concentrations
      of sheep whole blood and erythrocytes.
AB  - 1. A study was conducted to determine the effect of different washing and lysing
      methods on the free amino acid concentrations of sheep erythryocytes (RBC) and
      whole blood. Methods of lysis included laking, freeze-thawing or sonication. RBC
      were washed with isotonic solutions of either saline or sucrose. 2. Washing the
      RBC with isotonic sucrose resulted in significantly greater concentrations for
      ten of the amino acids. Greater amino acid concentrations were realized when
      washed RBC were sonicated and when the RBC of whole blood were lysed by laking.
      3. Suggestions are made for future application to whole blood and RBC amino acid
      determinations.

PMID- 954180
TI  - The effects of anti-rheumatoid drugs on the in vitro activity of human serum
      hyaluronidase.
AB  - Fourteen antirheumatoid drugs were tested for their effects on the in vitro
      hyaluronidase activity of normal human serum. Four drugs produced significant
      changes in enzyme activity. Different results were obtained with ovine testicular
      hyaluronidase when diluted with either saline or inactivated human serum. No
      increase in serum hyaluronidase activity was found in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis. There was no evidence for the existence of tissue specific isoenzymes
      of hyaluronidase in the serum of either normal subjects or patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 954181
TI  - The quantitation of urinary and spinal fluid proteins by a modified biuret
      method.
AB  - A method is presented for the quantitation of urinary and CSF protein. In the
      presence of 0.10 N NaOH the peptide bonds of the protein remove and bind copper
      from an ion exchange resin. The resulting copper-protein complex is separated
      from low molecular weight substances by gel filtration and the copper in the
      eluted complex is determined colorimetrically with diethyldithiocarbamic acid.
      The method requires only 100mul of sample, has biuret specificity and uses a
      single prepacked column. The limit of sensitivity is 2 mg of protein per
      deciliter.

PMID- 954182
TI  - A comparative study of micro-ammonia determinations in plasma using two different
      methods.
AB  - Two commercially available kits for determining blood ammonia were compared, an
      enzymatic method requiring a sample volume of 100mul and a nonenzymatic method
      requiring 1 ml of sample. Calibration curves for both kits were linear to 270
      mumol/l, however correlation studies on plasma samples revealed a lack of
      agreement between methods (r equal to 0.825, Y equal to 0.76X +51). Improved
      correlation occurs when protein interference is eliminated from the enzymatic
      procedure. Finally, the nonenzymatic method is modified to accommodate 100 mul of
      sample and compared to the original method.

PMID- 954183
TI  - A simple method for "reference range" estimation from routine laboratory data.
AB  - A simplified method is presented to estimate reference ranges from hospital
      laboratory data. It is based on a combination of graphical estimation of relative
      sizes of normal and abnormal populations and the "mode-center" concept in which
      the mode of the total population centers on the 50% cumulative frequency of the
      normal population. This method can be applied to determine reference ranges even
      though the data source contains abnormally high and/or low values. The reference
      ranges obtained for BUN and calcium from in-patient and out-patient sources by
      this method were found to be similar to those reported for "healthy" subjects.

PMID- 954184
TI  - Critical evaluation of the logit-log plot for the radio assay of vitamin B12.
AB  - The dose-response calculation for radio assay of vitamin B12 is carried out using
      a straight line and a third degree curve to fit the experimentally obtained
      calibration points. It is shown that high dispersion of the calibration points
      with respect to the regression line can lead to errors in the calculation of the
      response. The calculation of the mean dispersion sx with respect to the
      regression line turns out to be a good criterion for checking the accuracy of the
      results.

PMID- 954185
TI  - On the interpretation and potential diagnostic value of the measurements related
      to lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity.
AB  - At least one reliable method is available for measuring LCAT activity in human
      subjects(25), and this assay may help to probe even subtle changes in plasma
      lipids and lipoproteins. Since plasma lipids and lipoproteins are known to be
      present in abnormal amounts in a large number of metabolic diseases, the method
      of measuring the rate of cholesterol esterification in plasma could assume a
      substantial role in the diagnosis and (or) monitoring of treatment of pathologic
      states.

PMID- 954186
TI  - Comparison of two radioimmunoassay kits for aldosterone determination.
AB  - Two commercially available radioimmunoassay kits for aldosterone determination
      not requiring preliminary chromatographic purification were examined. Aldosterone
      standard curve solutions prepared from the CIS kit, Nuclear International Corp.,
      (x-axis) and Diagnostic Products kit (y-axis) were assayed with both kits and the
      results yielded a regression equation of y = 0.834x + 0.08 nmol/liter. Analytical
      recovery experiments with aldosterone added to urine and serum showed 120% and
      101% recovery with the CIS kit, respectively, and 92% and 92% recovery with the
      Diagnostic Products kit, respectively. Both kits demonstrated good parallelism
      with urine and serum. Antibody specificity was tested with six structurally
      related steroids and each kit showed virtually no cross-reactivity at clinically
      normal serum concentrations. Serum aldosterone values were compared before (y
      axis) and after (x-axis) column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, with the
      following regression equations: y = 1.070x + 0.092 nmol/liter for the CIS kit and
      y = 1.023x + 0.093 nmol/liter for the Diagnostic Products kit. Regression
      equations comparing patient samples between kits, CIS (x-axis) and Diagnostic
      Products (y-axis), were: y = 0.832x + 0.007 mumol/24 h with urine and y = 0.850x
      + 0.097 nmol/liter with serum.

PMID- 954187
TI  - Kinetic urine creatinine determination with the Gemsaec analyzer.
AB  - A rapid automated method for urinary creatinine with the Jaffe reaction is
      described. Interferences by protein, glucose and ketones are circumvented by the
      reaction rate kinetics. The precision and accuracy of this centrifugal method on
      the ENI-Gemsaec analyzer are comparable to the manual end-point Jaffe reaction
      with deproteinization and to the common Auto-Analyzer technique.

PMID- 954188
TI  - A comparison of oxytocinase and L-methionine-insensitive leucine aminopeptidase
      during normal pregnancy.

PMID- 954189
TI  - A minicomputer-automated array spectrometer for liquid-chromatographic detection
      of metabolites.
AB  - A third-generation multiwavelength array spectrometer was developed as a detector
      for the high-resolution liquid-chromatographic characterization of metabolites.
      Components include a PDP-8/e minicomputer, matched pair of linear photodiode
      arrays, holographically-ruled gratings, fiber optics, flow cells, and high
      intensity xenon light source. The wavelength range is 256 nm differential with 1
      nm resolution and can be adjusted from 200 to 800 nm. The system is capable of
      storing 20 spectra per second (200-456 nm) in a dual-beam mode. Special features
      include minicomputer-driven signal enhancement via integration as a function of
      signal strength. The display output includes presentation of the total absorption
      chromatogram vs. elution time in both real and post-run time as well as
      selectable single absorption band vs. elution time (post-run time). Application
      of this dedicated system is illustrated by the separation and charcterization of
      the metabolites of a carcinogen, 4-ethylsulfonyl-1 napthalenesulfonamide.

PMID- 954190
TI  - Ion chromatography: a new technique for clinical chemistry.
AB  - Ion chromatography is a new analytical technique in which the ions to be analyzed
      are separated on a special pellicular ion-exchange column. Once separated, the
      effluent from the separating column passes into a second ion-exchange column,
      which removes the eluent or buffer ions from the moving phase without removing
      the sample ions, which are detected and measured by electrical conductivity on a
      background of low conductance. Trace quantities can be so determined. This
      technique has been applied to four biological fluids: blood serum, tissue
      extract, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. It is shown to be a practical analytical
      tool, particularly for ions having no chromophores, such as sodium, ammonium,
      potassium, magensium, calcium, chloride, nitrite, phosphate, and sulfate.

PMID- 954191
TI  - An immobilized-enzyme flow-enthalpimetric analyzer: application to glucose
      determination by direct phosphorylation catalyzed by hexokinase.
AB  - A novel flow-enthalpimetric analyzer is described and its use demonstrated by an
      analysis in which glucose is determined by its hexokinase-catalyzed
      phosphorylation reaction. The method depends on measurement of the temperature
      differential across a column packed with glass-supported immoblized enzyme.
      Sample volumes of 120 mul can be used to obtain a calibration curve that is
      linear up to 25 mmol of glucose per liter. A precision (within-day) of 5% is
      generally observed in the optimum concentration range where glucose is
      quantitatively phosphorylated. Results by the technique correlate reasonably with
      those by the o-toluidine and the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      methods: Other sugars--including fructose, glucosamine, and mannose--will
      interfere; galactose does not. The technique is amenable to both routine and
      emergency analyses.

PMID- 954192
TI  - The free-falling drop detector--a nover fluorescence detector for high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A novel fluorescence detector for high-performance liquid chromatography has been
      designed to minimize the instrumental limitations of conventional flow-through,
      fluorometers. This unit contributes less than 5 mul to the "dead volume" of the
      chromatographic system. Sensitivity comparable to that of existing flow-through
      fluorometers has been attained without optimizing instrumental parameters.
      Performance of the unit has been evaluated with reference samples containing
      saccharides typical of glycosphingolipids. Future improvements are discussed.

PMID- 954193
TI  - A propagation of error analysis of the enzyme activity expression. A model for
      determining the total system random error of a kinetic enzyme analyzer.
AB  - We present a total system error evaluation of random error, based on a
      propagation of error analysis of the expression for the calculation of enzyme
      activity. A simple expression is derived that contains terms for photometric
      error, timing uncertainty, temperature-control error, sample and reagent volume
      errors, and pathlength error. This error expression was developed in general to
      provide a simple means of evaluating the magnitude of random error in an
      analytical system and in particular to provide an error evaluation protocol for
      the assessment of the error components in a prototype Miniature Centrifugal
      Analyzer system. Individual system components of error are measured. These
      measured error components are combined in the error expressiion to predict
      performance. Enzyme activity measurements are made to correlate with the
      projected error data. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that this is one method
      for permitting the clinical chemist and the instrument manufacturer to establish
      reasonable error limits.

PMID- 954194
TI  - Modified nucleosides in urine: selective removal and analysis.
AB  - Because excretion of certain nucleosides increases in all types of cancer,
      detection and treatment of the disease would be enhanced by rapid, simple
      quantitation of such nucleotides. To facilitate these analyses in urine, we have
      prepared a specific adsorbent for nucleosides. The affinity adsorbent gel
      contains an immobilized phenylboronic acid group that specifically binds cis
      diols, as in ribonucleosides, which can then be quantititatively recovered by
      elution with acetic acid. The advantage of this boronate gel over other
      preparations lies in its high capacity in the swollen state (0.26 mmol/ml), so
      that only small volumes (less than 1 ml) of gel are required for assays.
      Nucelosides containing a free diol group on the ribosyl group are retained at pH
      8.8 in 0.25 mol/liter salt solution with a retention volume of 15 or larger, as
      compared with values of 1 to 2 for the free bases. Negatively charged species
      (not including the boronate complex) are eluted earlier than neutral or cationic
      species. Added nucleosides (neutral, cationic, or anionic) are quantitatively
      recovered. Because pseudouridine is eluted in a unique position, this property
      has been used to measure it in urine. The procedures used are chemically mild.
      For example, we have confirmed the observation of Fink and Adams [Arch. Biochem.
      Biophys. 126, 27 (1968)] that urine contains N1-methyladenosine and not N6
      methyladenosine, the alkaline rearranged product.

PMID- 954195
TI  - Instrumental sample-preparation technique for an automated immunohematology assay
      system.
AB  - In the course of the development of an automated immunohematology assay system,
      we have produced, in prototype form, an instrumental device capable of accepting
      an unmeasured quantity of whole, anticoagulated blood and deriving from it
      multiple fixed-volume aliquots of plasma and cells.

PMID- 954196
TI  - Multicomponent analysis in clinical chemistry by use of rapid scanning
      fluorescence spectroscopy.
AB  - To be useful in the clinical laboratory, multicomponent fluorescence analysis
      requires both the rapid measurement of the fluorescence intensity at a variety of
      excitation and emission wavelengths and the unambiguous reduction of the data by
      efficient algorithms. The Video Fluorometer, which exploits the multi-channel
      capability of a low-light-level television sensor to simultaneously acquire
      excitation and emission spectra, can meet the first requirement. For example, a
      complete set of emission and excitation spectra for perylene can be obtained in
      less than 2 s at concentrations of 10(-10) mol/liter. To meet the second need, we
      present two types of data-reduction strategies: (a)a least-squares fit to the
      data, with use of the spectra of previously determined compounds likely to be
      present; and (b)a determination of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors fo the
      fluorescence matrix, from which the number of components and the possible spectra
      of each can be estimated. Computer simulations of the least-squares fitting
      algorithms show that five strongly overlapping components can be determined in
      the presence of noise with an accuracy of better than 5%. Also, a fluorescent
      sample containing two species with very similar but unknown spectral properties
      can be resolved to obtain the spectrum of each.

PMID- 954197
TI  - Centrifugal system for affinity chromatography with eluate monitoring.
AB  - A prototype centrifugal system has been developed that permits parallel
      photometric monitoring of eluate streams from a radial array of chromatographic
      columns. The modular rotor design consists of a discoidal center insert for
      eluent and sample apportionment, the chromatographic columns, and flow-through
      cuvetts-all mounted on an aluminum base plate. A common sample is introduced
      simultaneously to each column; a single eluent stream is used for all columns.
      The goal is to assay simultaneously for eight to 16 serum proteins separated by
      affinity chromatography from a single sample. The system is here exemplified by
      the use of immunosorbents (consisting of antibodies to human immunoglobulins
      covalently bound to alumina particles) to allow simultaneous determinations of
      IgG AND IgM from a single human serum sample in less than 16 min.

PMID- 954198
TI  - Automated approach to radioimmunoassays of somatotropin (human growth hormone)
      and insulin.
AB  - The adaptation of human somatotropin and insulin assays to the automated Centria
      radioimmunoassay system [Clin. Chem. 21, 1305 (1975)] is reported. For the
      somatotropin assay, reaction conditions include a borate/bovine serum albumin
      buffer (pH 8.4) AND 20-H Incubation at 4 degrees C. Assay results for clinical
      samples compared favorably (correlation coefficient = 0.930) with values obtained
      from a reference laboratory. The means determined for 92 patients' samples were
      4.3 mug/liter (reference laboratory) and 5.1 mug/liter (Centria). Intra- and
      inter-run precision ranged from 3.2 to 15.9%. For the insulin assay, a
      phosphate/bovine serum albumin buffer (pH 7.4) is used, with a 20-h incubation at
      4 degrees C. Previously analyzed insulin samples from a reference laboratory were
      determined by the Centria analyzer with excellent correlation (r = 0.965). Means
      for patients' samples were 43.0 milli (USP) units of insulin per liter (reference
      laboratory) and 47.5 milliunits of insulin per liter (Centria). In both assays an
      anionicexchange gel is used in the separation step. The criterion of parallelism,
      an indication of the validity of a radioimmunoassay, was satisfied in both
      assays. The Centria radioimmunoassay system offers the advantage of automating
      all the critical steps of these radioimmunoassays.

PMID- 954199
TI  - Profiles of ultraviolet-absorbing components of urine from autistic children, as
      obtained by high-resolution ion-exchange chromatography.
AB  - Urines from 19 autistic children (3 female, 16 male) were analyzed by high
      resolution, high-pressure anion-exchange chromatography. The results showed
      abnormalities in the excretion of hippuric acid, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, and N1
      methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, the end product of the nicotinic acid pathway.
      Considerations as the metabolic origin on the 4-hydroxyhippuric acid are
      discussed and related to the possibility of bacterial action and malabsorption.

PMID- 954200
TI  - Letter: Rapid microanalyzer for glucose and urea.

PMID- 954201
TI  - Letter: Non-effect of heparin on serum electrolyte values.

PMID- 954202
TI  - Letter: Possible mechanism of the interference of porphobilinogen in the direct
      determination of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid.

PMID- 954203
TI  - Letter: Improved vitamin A assay.

PMID- 954204
TI  - Letter: Speed of temperature equilibrium in analytical systems.

PMID- 954205
TI  - Letter: Evaluation of an enzymatic cholesterol method.

PMID- 954206
TI  - Letter: Stabilization by boric acid of aldolase activity at room temperature.

PMID- 954207
TI  - Provisional recommendations on IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic
      concentrations of enzymes. Part 2. IFCC method for aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 954208
TI  - IFCC method for aspartate aminotransferase. Appendix B. Conditions for the
      measurement of the catalytic concentrations of reagent enzymes and the
      contaminants.

PMID- 954209
TI  - A simple and rapid determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (LS) ratio in
      amniotic fluids and in pharyngeal aspirates of newborn infants.
AB  - A simple, rapid method for the routine determination of the
      lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in amniotic fluid and/or in pharyngeal
      aspirate of the newborn has been developed. In 33 samples of amniotic fluid at
      various gestational ages, an L/S ratio corresponding to the fetal age was found:
      in 16 samples of biochemically immature amniotic fluid (gestation age less than
      34 weeks) the mean of the ratio was 1.26 and in 17 samples of mature amniotic
      fluid (gestation age greater than 35 weeks) the mean value was 3.02. Pharyngeal
      aspirates of 55 non-selected newborn were examined by the same method. The L/S
      ratio of 39 infants (gestation age greater than 38 weeks) gave a mean value of
      7.3 and that of 16 premature infants (gestation age less than 37 weeks) a mean
      value of 5.5. In none of these cases did RDS develop after birth. The results
      suggest that the method is useful for the determination in both amniotic fluid
      and pharyngeal aspirate.

PMID- 954210
TI  - A study of the Bratton and Marshall hydrolysis procedure utilizing high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Most analytical methods for conjugated aromatic amines require hydrolysis to free
      the amine group. The rate of conversion of N-acetyl-p-aminohippuric acid to its
      deacetylated and deglycinated derivatives is directly related to the hydrolysis
      reaction time and the concentration of hydrochloric acid used in the reaction.
      Variations in methodology involving either of these hydrolysis parameters
      produced artifacts which were not detectable by the standard colorimetric
      procedures. High performance liquid chromatography offers an improved tool for
      detecting and quantitating the changes produced during hydrolysis.

PMID- 954211
TI  - Creatine kinase activity in serum and uric acid solution.
AB  - Skeletal muscle creatine kinases from man and rabbit, activated to measured
      specific activities by thiol agents, were inactivated in human serum and in uric
      acid solution, and the extent of their subsequent reactivation by dithiothreitol
      was determined. Both enzymes were completely reactivated from uric acid solution
      but were only 60-70% reactivated from serum. No inactivation occurred within 14
      days if serum samples contained dithiothreitol (0.01 M) and were stored at -17
      degrees C.

PMID- 954212
TI  - Studies of intracellular distribution of acid phosphatase 5 in the spleen cells
      of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis by isopycnic gradient centrifugation.
AB  - A fresh spleen sample obtained from a patient with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis
      was homogenized and subjected to centrifugation on a sucrose density gradient. A
      major portion of acid phosphatase band 5 was observed in the lysosome, confirming
      that the elevated phosphatase activity in the neoplastic spleen is a lysosomal
      enzyme. However, a significant amount of brand 5 was also observed in the
      microsome. The microsomal and lysosomal enzymes have different affinity to CM
      cellulose. The relationship between lysosomal and microsomal enzymes has not been
      established.

PMID- 954213
TI  - A method for performing a calcium balance study in man and the interpretation of
      results.
AB  - Methods for the measurement of calcium in the diet, urine and faeces for the
      performance of a calcium balance study was described, along with experiments on
      analytical procedures including recovery values. A means of calculating the
      inherent "technical error" in such a balance is given, and a method for
      determining the significance of any change in a patient's balance is described.
      These are illustrated by worked examples of data from a patient suffering from
      Paget's disease and one with osteoporosis before and after treatment with
      calcitonin.

PMID- 954214
TI  - The mass spectrometric identification of dipeptides in the urine of a patient
      suffering from chronic skin ulceration and oedema.
AB  - The identification of a complex ninhydrin positive mixture present in the urine
      of a child suffering from chronic skin ulceration and oedema by direct chemical
      ionisation mass spectrometric analysis is described. The compounds were shown to
      be dipeptides, of which glycylproline was the major constituent. At least 15
      dipeptides were identified in the urine, most of which contained proline or
      hydroxyproline in the carboxy terminal position. The results suggested that the
      patient suffered from a defect in collagen metabolism. This hypothesis was
      subsequently confirmed by a grossly diminished level of prolidase in cultured
      fibroblasts and erythrocytes.

PMID- 954215
TI  - Relationship of plasma uric acid to plasma lipids and lipoproteins in subjects
      with peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - Hyperuricaemia and hyperlipidaemia (elevated fasting plasma cholesterol or
      triglycerides) were frequently found in 219 males and 63 females with peripheral
      vascular disease (PVD). The subjects were divided into sexes and the uric acid,
      cholesterol and triglyceride concentration adjusted for the effects of age and
      obesity by multiple regression analysis. Followig this no significant
      relationship was found between uric acid and cholesterol or triglyceride. When
      the males with PVD were divided into lipoprotein types it was found that those
      who were normo-lipoproteinaemics or who had type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP)
      had a significantly higher mean uric acid level. The other types had a mean uric
      acid concentration similar to that found in 25 healthy normolipoproteinaemic
      males. The discrepancy between this result and the lack of correlation between
      uric acid and triglyceride noted above is presumably due to the complex effects
      of age and obesity. In the females no significant increase in the mean uric acid
      concentration was found in any of the lipoprotein groups.

PMID- 954216
TI  - Ultra-micromethods for the biochemical analysis of cutaneous capillary blood. IV.
      Selection of the glucose oxidase-2,2'-Azino-di-(3-ethyl-benzthiazolin-sulphonic
      acid-6)diammonium method for measuring blood sugar of neonates.

PMID- 954217
TI  - The assessment of 125I treatment of thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - 257 patients have been reviewed 1-5 years (mean 3 years 2 months) after receiving
      one of five dose regimes of 125I for thyrotoxicosis. The cumulative incidence of
      hypothyroidism was 34% and of persistent thyrotoxicosis 17%. The group receiving
      doses between 351 and 500 muCi/g had the highest proportion of euthyroid patients
      (65%) with the lowest requirement for repeat therapy (46%). In the euthyroid
      patients, increasing dose of 125I was associated with progressive decline in mean
      thyroxine (T4) level and free thyroxine index (FTI) within the respective normal
      ranges, and increase in mean thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level to above the
      normal range. Euthyroid patients with elevated TSH levels had significantly lower
      T4 and FTI values compared with those with normal TSH, and showed a 3-4-fold
      increased rate of development of hypothyroidism over 1 year. Euthyroid patients
      with elevated T3 levels remained euthyroid during the subsequent year and mean T3
      levels declined significantly, suggesting that abnormally elevated T3 levels
      after 125I do not generally indicate impending relapse of thyrotoxicosis. It is
      concluded that the potential admantages of 125I therapy for thyrotoxicosis in
      reducing the incidence of hypothyroidism have not been realized in practice.

PMID- 954218
TI  - Response of plasma testosterone, urinary 17-oxosteroids, oestrogens, and
      androsterone plus aetiocholanolone to human chorionic gonadotrophin in
      dexamethasone-suppressed men.
AB  - The administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) to dexamethasone
      suppressed men caused parallel changes in the concentration of plasma
      testosterone and in the urinary output of androsterone+aetiocholanolone, total 17
      oxosteroids and oestrogens. Discrepant results occurred in only four of the
      thirty-seven men tested. With these exceptions, the response to HCG could by
      followed as well by measuring androsterone+aetiocholanolone, 17-oxosteroid or
      oestrogen excretion rates as by following plasma testosterone levels. The most
      sensitive index of response was the rate of appearance of oestrogens in urine,
      and the next that of androsterone+aetiocholanolone.

PMID- 954219
TI  - Galactrorrhoea, hyperprolactinaemia and pituitary tumours in the female.
AB  - A series of sixty-two women with pituitary tumours, but having neither acromegaly
      nor Cushing's disease, has been analysed with respect to mode of presentation.
      Thirty-six (58%) presented with amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea and a further
      fifteen (24%) presented with amenorrhoea only. Pretreatment prolactin levels were
      available in thirty-four of these patients and in twenty-seven (79%)
      hyperprolactinaemia was found, this occurring in the absence of a history of
      galactorrhoea in four out of ten cases. In addition, among a series of twenty
      five unselected women with unexplained galactorrhoea, we have found twelve
      pituitary tumours, amenorrhoea being a feature of all twelve cases. We conclude
      that the incidence of hyperprolactinaemia in women with apparently functionless
      pituitary tumours is much higher than previously estimated and suggest that serum
      prolactin should be assayed in all patients with such tumours even in the absence
      of a history of galactorrhoea. All patients with unexplained galactorrhoea should
      have careful radiological investigation for a possible pituitary tumour.

PMID- 954220
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic neuroleptic therapy on serum prolactin levels in men
      and women of different age groups.
AB  - A single fasting level of serum prolactin was measured in each of sixty control
      subjects and eighty-three psychiatric patients of both sexes who had been on
      neuroleptic therapy for 2-4 weeks (acute treatment) or at least 5 years (chronic
      treatment) and who were aged either 17-45 or 48-85 years. All groups of patients
      had significantly higher mean prolactin levels than controls. Gender, age group
      of women, and exposure to acute or chronic treatment were significant variables
      determining the magnitude of neuroleptic-induced elevation of prolactin. In some
      of the groups, dose, duration of chronic therapy, and concomitant administration
      of anticholinergic drugs also influenced prolactin levels. Whereas all acutely
      treated women had prolactin values above the control range, one out of twelve (8
      3%) of the women aged 17-45 years and six out of fourteen (42-9%) of the women
      aged 48-85 years who were under chronic treatment had normal values. Normal
      prolactin levels were also found in five out of sixteen (31-2%) of the acutely
      treated and nine out of twenty-four (37-5%) of the chronically treated men aged
      17-85 years.

PMID- 954221
TI  - Clinical use of glycine intravenous load for diagnosis of growth hormone
      deficiency.
AB  - Intravenous glycine injection (250 mg/kg of body weight) resulted in growth
      hormone release in normal children but not in those with growth hormone
      deficiency diagnosed by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. In the latter
      significantly higher peak concentrations of serum alpha-amino nitrogen were also
      found. False negative responses to glycine (no GH release) were observed in two
      patients of short stature but normal pituitary function. In them the peak levels
      of serum alpha-amino nitrogen were lower than in those with hypopituitarism. We
      propose the clinical use of glycine as an inexpensive and innocuous procedure for
      the detection of GH deficiency in children. A post-glycine GH peak greater than
      10-0 mu/l seems to be a good index of an intact GH reserve.

PMID- 954222
TI  - The effect of varying doses of cerebral irradiation on growth hormone production
      in childhood.
AB  - The radiation dose, delivered to the hypothalamic-pituitary region, has been
      calculated in thirty-nine children irradiated for brain tumours and in seventeen
      children who had received prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute leukaemia.
      All subjects had an insulin tolerance test at least 2 years after their
      radiotherapy. There is a significant inverse correlation between radiation dose
      and peak GH response. Thirty-seven of the fifty-six patients showed an impaired
      GH response and thirty-six of these received more than 2900 rads. Only five
      patients who received such a dose showed normal GH responses and four of these
      were aged over 13 years when treated. In conclusion, cerebral irradiation is a
      potent cause of GH deficiency in children.

PMID- 954223
TI  - Recurrent hormone dependent chorea: effects of oestrogens and progestogens.
AB  - A case of hemi-chorea is described in a young woman, initially following
      administration of an oral contraceptive pill and recurring in a subsequent early
      pregnancy. The chorea ceased with the removal of the aetiological factor on each
      occasion. Subsequent challenge with a combined oestrogen/progestogen pill
      resulted in recurrence of the chorea, but the patient has been successfully
      maintained on a progestogen without any further symptoms. Thus it would appear
      that oestrogen component was the precipitating factor for the chorea.

PMID- 954224
TI  - Quantitation of the accelerating effect of metyrapone on cortisol metabolism.
AB  - Quantitation of the accelerating effect of metyrapone on cortisol metabolism has
      been made by determination of the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of exogenous
      cortisol during a metyrapone load. Six adrenalectomized patients were studied.
      The slope of cortisol concentrations in plasma was determined after intravenous
      administration of 0-3 mg cortisol/kg b.w. with or without metyrapone 17-5 mg/kg
      b.w./h. In all six patients studied, the MCR of cortisol increased during
      metyrapone load from an average of 12-3 +/- 5-0 (SD) l/h to 29-6 +/- 15-7 (SD)
      l/h or corrected for body weight 3-0 +/- 1-1 (SD) ml/kg b.w./min to 7-1 +/- 2-5
      (SD) ml/kg b.w./min. The discrepancy discovered in clinical practice between the
      relatively small rise in plasma total corticosteroid concentration and the
      greater increase in urinary excretion of corticosteroid metabolites during the
      metyrapone test may be explained by the findings in this study.

PMID- 954225
TI  - The Wolf-Hirschhorn (4p-) syndrome.
AB  - In a review of 43 cases, the phenotypic spectrum of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
      is analyzed and the frequency of clinical anomalies is tabulated. The
      characteristic features are intrauterine growth retardation, severe psychomotor
      retardation, typical facies, and various major and minor congenital anomalies
      suggestive of a midline fusion defect. Diagnosis is established by karyotyping-
      deletion of the short arm of chromosome No. 4. All cases so far reported are de
      novo occurrences with no sibling involvement and normal parents. Prognosis is
      poor, with death in the first 2 years of life in 34% of cases, usually due to
      cardiac decompensation or infection. Psyhomotor retardation is profound, so that
      heroic medical efforts probably need to be reconsidered.

PMID- 954226
TI  - Human chromosome polymorphism and congenital malformations.
AB  - Several authors have suggested that heterochromatin polymorphism influences the
      origin and/or development of different malformations. In this investigation
      special consideration was given to the A1qh + variant. Several families with this
      variant are reported in which the incidence of otherwise rare malformations is
      surprisingly high. The possibility that the A1qh+ varient or, more probably,
      interactions between all types of heterochromatin polymorphism are of
      pathogenetic significance is considered.

PMID- 954227
TI  - Altered isoenzyme patterns of liver alpha-L-fucosidase in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The isoenzyme pattern of alpha-L-fucosidase was studied by isoelectric focusing
      in livers from seven patients with cystic fibrosis and in normal and pathological
      (GM1-gangliosidosis, Type II and Sanfilippo disease) controls. The controls had
      very reproducible patterns consisting of seven isoenzymes of alpha-L-fucosidase
      with the most neutral from (I) representing a small proportion of the total
      activity. All seven of the cystic fibrosis livers had altered alpha-L-fucosidase
      isoenzyme patterns. The chemical relationship of the seven isoenzymes of normal
      liver alpha-L-fucosidase was investigated using neuramindase. The five most
      acidic forms of alpha-L-fucosidase appear to be related to the most neutral form
      by sialic acid residues. Since the isoenzymes of liver alpha-L-fucosidase appear
      to be related by sialic acid residues, it is possible that the altered alpha-L
      fucosidase isoenzyme patterns found in cystic fibrosis livers may result from
      aberrant sialylation.

PMID- 954228
TI  - The XX male syndrome- a case report.

PMID- 954229
TI  - A man with presumptive Y/Y translocation, observed in a forensic psychiatric
      department.
AB  - A man charged with a sexual offence was found to have complex karyotype anomaly,
      including a Y-chromosome of aberrant structure. Other features were: very small
      stature, skeletal deformities and obscure neurological defects. There were no
      gross psychiatric symptoms, nor was there mental retardation. Q- and G-banding
      and photometric scanning of the chromosomes of the propositus and his three
      healthy brothers indicated that the aberrant Y-chromosome probably arose from a
      reciprocal translocation, which may be written: t(Y: Y) (qter leads to p11: : q11
      leads to qter). Fibroblast cultures differed from the lymphocytes: in the former
      the majority of the cells lacked the abnormal Y-chromosome, their karyotype being
      45,X0.

PMID- 954230
TI  - Familial short atrioventricular conduction time (P-R interval).
AB  - Five sibs with related parents are presented. All the sibs have short
      atrioventricular conduction time (P-R interval). The short P-R interval is
      probably an inherited feature in the family.

PMID- 954231
TI  - Genetic lipoprotein variation and lipid levels in man.
AB  - Analyses of 12 population samples have revealed that the total serum cholesterol
      level is significantly higher in Lp(a +) than in Lp(a -) individuals. The
      difference is more pronounced in middle-aged and other people than in young
      persons, and the difference between Lp(a +) and Lp(a -) individuals is larger
      when LDL cholesterol rather than total serum cholesterol is considered. Lp(a -)
      individuals have a significantly higher triglyceride level than Lp(a +)
      individuals. The Lp(a) variation is genetically controlled. Thus, the present
      study has revealed a small but significant effect of a single, autosomal locus on
      lipids implicated in atherosclerosis. An association between the phenotype Lp(a
      +) and coronary heart disease has been demonstrated previously.

PMID- 954232
TI  - Detection of circulating antigen-antibody complexes by their inhibitory effect on
      the agglutination of IgG-coated particles by rheumatioid factor of Clq.
AB  - The agglutination of Ig-coated particles by human RF or Clq can be inhibited by
      Ig aggregates or AgAb complexes. The effect of Ig class was studied by means of
      agarose-linked human monoclonal Igs. RF was inhibited by all subclasses of IgG
      and IgA but not by IgM, whereas Clq reacted with IgM, IgG3 and IgG1. Heat
      aggregated IgG3 was fractionated by gel-filtration on Ultrogel. Inhibition was
      restricted to certain fractions of aggregates, viz (IgG3) approximately 7 and
      (IgG3) approximately 21 for RF, and (IgG3) approximately 10, (IgG3) approximately
      14 and (IgG3) approximately 27 for Clq. In a precipitin curve experiment, it was
      found that RF was inhibited by soluble complexes over an extended range of AgAb
      ratios, the inactivation of Clq being limited to complexes with 2-5 times antigen
      excess. Inhibiting factors were found in patients with various diseases and, at
      low titres, in 22% of healthy people. In 27% of patients' sera, the inhibitors
      were demonstrable by Clq only after removal of endogenous RF by adsorption on
      insolubilized IgG. In several patients endogenous agglutinating activity and
      direct inhibitory activity tended to alternate during the course of the disease.
      Sera from various patients were also filtrated on Ultrogel and the elution was
      monitored by immunoassay of IgA, IgM and IgG, as well as by the two inhibition
      tests. The inhibiting factors were distributed over several peaks which only
      partially coincided with the elution profiles of IgG and IgM.

PMID- 954233
TI  - Immunoglobulins and transient paraproteins in sera of patients with the Wiskott
      Aldrich syndrome: a follow-up study.
AB  - Immunoglobulin levels of individual classes and IgG subclasses and the occurrence
      of homogeneous immunoglobulins--paraproteins--were studied longitudinally in the
      sera of three patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; Common findings in all
      three patients were great variations in the immunoglobulin levels, restricted
      heterogeneity of the immunoglobulins, the frequent appearance of transient
      homogeneous immunoglobulins and the presence of serum antibodies against bovine
      milk proteins. A partial and selective deficiency involving mainly the T immune
      system is postulated as an explanation for these findings.

PMID- 954234
TI  - Chemotaxis of mitogen-activated human lymphocytes and the effects of membrane
      active enzymes.
AB  - Following incubation with polyclonal activators such as PHA or concanavalin A,
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes show directional migration towards chemotactic
      factors such as endotoxin-activated plasma, casein or denatured proteins. This
      migration is inhibited by treatment of the cells with phospholipase C and
      sphingomyelinase C, but little affected by proteases or glycosidases. In
      addition, these lymphocytes migrate towards PHA and other lymphocyte activators
      when these reagents are used as chemoattractants at concentrations well below
      their mitogenic doses. They also migrate towards staphylococcal protein A.
      Migration towards PHA and protein A is reduced by pretreating the lymphocytes
      with proteases but not with phospholipase C. These results suggest two
      independent membrane interactions which initiate lymphocyte chemotaxis, one
      acting directly via the lipid bilayer, the other involving the binding of ligands
      to membrane proteins.

PMID- 954235
TI  - Molecular size of IgG in patients with focal glomerulosclerosis.
AB  - Nineteen patients with focal glomerulosclerosis and with anomalously high
      clearance of IgG into the urine have been investigated by G.200 column
      chromatography. The findings are compared with normal sera, with 14 patients with
      minimal change disease and with 12 patients with proliferative
      glomerulonephritis. No significant reduction in the molecular size of IgG was
      found as compared with normal sera and the other diseases in 18 of the patients.
      In patients with minimal change disease and focal glomerulosclerosis an increased
      proportion of the IgG eluted in the void volume

PMID- 954236
TI  - Uremic pericarditis: a prospective echocardiographic and clinical study.
AB  - During a 14 month period 59 male patients with chronic renal failure who were
      candidates for chronic hemodialysis (HD) were evaluated clinically and
      echocardiographically for pericarditis. All were evaluated prospectively prior to
      or at the initiation of HD. Definite pericarditis was present in 8, all of whom
      were severely uremic and required initiation of HD on a semiemergent basis rather
      than electively (i.e., preselected level of renal function). In 6 of these 8,
      pericardial effusion responded to dialysis alone, one required pericardiectomy
      because of hypotension complicating dialysis, and one expired during a right
      atriogram. Patients dialyzed on an elective basis were all free of pericarditis
      at the initiation of HD. Pericarditis arising some months after the initiation of
      HD was a less frequent problem. It is concluded that (a) the incidence of
      pericarditis in the uremic state is decreased by early initiation of HD before
      advanced uremic symptoms have developed; (b) pericarditis present at the
      initiation of HD usually but not always is resolved with the initiation of HD;
      (c) echocardiography is an important clinical and epidemiological toole to
      investigate pericarditis in uremic patient populations.

PMID- 954237
TI  - Unusual aspects of the dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.
AB  - In five patients with chronic renal failure, rapid correction by dialysis of
      hypertension and/or high blood urea levels provoked acute neurological disorders,
      followed by slowly reversible neuropsychiatric disturbances. Focal EEG
      alterations were noted in three patients with normal carotid angiograms. Our
      cases differed from those usually described as suffering from the dialysis
      disequilibrium syndrome because of their duration, the severity of mental
      disturbances, and the asymmetrical pattern of EEG abnormalities. We propose that
      the symptoms observed could be due to cerebral ischemia. This possibility
      emphasizes the importance of limiting the duration and efficiency of the first
      dialyses in patients with severe hypertension and high nitrogen retention,
      especially if high performance dialyzers are used.

PMID- 954238
TI  - Sexual behaviour of hemodialyzed patients.
AB  - 18 married men on home dialysis and 10 of their wives were interviewed
      (structured interview) to evaluate sexual adjustment. The frequency of
      intercourse prior to the onset of their disease was reported to be 3.4/week by
      the patients and 2.4/week by their wives. During maintenance hemodialysis,
      frequency was reported to be 1.7/week by the patients and 1.0/week by their
      wives. If libido prior to the disease was rated 100%, the patients reported their
      libido at the time of the interview as 66+/-34%; only 5 rated their libido as
      less than 50% of their libido prior to the onset of their disease. After the
      start of dialysis, considerable time was required before a stable state of sexual
      activity was reached (13.9+/-7.4 months), presumably reflecting the time required
      for adaptation to the procedure, loss of anxiety and restoration of physical well
      being. Except in older patients, there was good agreement between the feeling of
      physical fitness as reported by the patients and sexual performance as reported
      by both the patient and his spouse.

PMID- 954239
TI  - Hemosiderosis in a patient on regular hemodialysis: treatment by desferrioxamine.
AB  - Hemosiderosis following regular administration of parenteral iron was observed in
      a patient receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Infusions of desferrioxamine in
      doses of 2,3 and 4 g each resulted in the removal of approximately 45 mg of iron
      during dialysis. Desferrioxamine 2 g was infused thrice weekly during dialysis
      for twelve months. Body iron stores, as judged by liver iron and serum ferritin
      concentrations, fell by about half. This agrees well with the result calculated
      from the amount of iron administered and the amount removed during dialysis.

PMID- 954240
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the urinary tract.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy of the urinary tract. A scanning electron
      microscopic investigation of the luminal surface of the entire urinary tract of
      the Wistar rat was performed. This report defines criteria for identifying
      different segments of normal urinary tract on the basis of scanning electron
      microscopic observations of the epithelial surface. The study was undertaken to
      provide a reference for future studies of changes in urinary tract morphology
      resulting from injury or disease.

PMID- 954241
TI  - Platelet function in patients on long term peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Platelet function studies were performed on 18 patients with end stage chronic
      renal failure receiving treatment by long-term peritoneal dialysis. The results
      of these studies were compared with previously reported data on healthy
      volunteers, non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure and patients treated
      by hemodialysis. Platelet adhesiveness was impaired and, unlike the other patient
      groups, there was no relationship between adhesiveness and serum creatinine.
      Platelet aggregation to both ADP and adrenaline chloride was normal, whereas
      marked impairment was seen in non-dialyzed patients with severe chronic renal
      failure and patients receiving hemodialysis. The results suggest that different
      uremic retention products affect these different phases in the platelet adhesion
      aggregation reaction and that the peritoneal membrane is more permeable to that
      dialyzable factor which inhibits aggregation than conventional hemodialysis
      membranes. The studies are of interest both in consideration of adequacy of
      dialysis and in studies into the nature of the platelet defect in uremia.

PMID- 954242
TI  - Renal tubular defects in recurring bilateral nephrolithiasis.
AB  - A metabolic study was performed in 28 patients with bilateral recurrent calcium
      containing renal staghorn calculi and chronic pyelonephritis ("obstructive
      nephropathy"). Fourteen had normal GFR and 14 mild renal insufficiency. Ten
      normal subjects were used as controls. Under basal conditions, polyuria and
      negative sodium balance were commonly observed in patients with obstructive
      nephropathy and normal renal function. After an acute acid load (NH4Cl) an
      acidifying defect, i.e. high values for urine pH and reduced excretion of
      titratable acid and ammonium, was observed in 64% of patients with normal GFR and
      in 71.4% of those with renal insufficiency. During intravenous infusion with
      neutral sodium phosphate, the urine pH changed little but the rate of excretion
      of titratable acid increased in direct proportion to that of urinary phosphate in
      both groups of patients. These results, associated with the finding of normal
      blood pH in almost all patients, lead to the conclusion that an incomplete Type 1
      or "distal" renal tubular acidosis is a frequent complication of obstructive
      nephropathy secondary to bilateral nephrolithiasis. The anatomical abnormalities
      of renal tubules and collecting ducts and the superimposed interstitial nephritis
      might be the pathogenetic factors responsible for the acidifying defect and for
      the impairment in sodium and water conservation.

PMID- 954243
TI  - Free phenols in chronic renal failure.
AB  - Serum total free phenols are elevated in chronic renal failure, acute renal
      failure and hepatic coma. Being partly protein-bound, phenols behave during
      dialysis in a similar manner to considerably larger molecules which are not
      protein-bound. In view of their potential toxicity they should be considered as
      an alternative to 'middle molecules'. Patients on regular hemodialysis have
      retention of phenols if their post-dialysis serum creatinine is above 6-7 mg/dl.
      Patients on short time dialysis have high pre-dialysis neutral phenol levels.
      Such levels are sufficiently high to suggest a role in the genesis of
      neurological symptoms, anemia and bone disease. Certainly pre-dialysis free
      phenols reflect adequacy of dialysis.

PMID- 954244
TI  - Isoniazid pharmacokinetics in patients in chronic renal failure.
AB  - INH pharmcokinetics was studied in 2 groups of patients in chronic renal failure.
      In the group on conservative treatment, INH half life was prolonged, but was not
      related to the degree on renal impairement. In the hemodialysis group 73% of the
      INH given was removed by dialysis within 5 hours. If INH is to be used in the
      presence of renal failure, individual half life estimations should be performed
      in order to determine dosage frequency. In patients on hemodialysis, therapy
      should be given post dialysis. Alternatively, drugs not dependent on renal
      failure, e.g. rifampicin, may be preferable.

PMID- 954245
TI  - Pleural dialysis in acute renal failure.
AB  - An 80 day old infant developed acute renal failure postoperatively after
      nephrectomy for Wilm's tumor. Pleural dialysis was utilized to control
      electrolyte imbalance of acute renal failure. Function of pleura as a dialyzing
      membrane was evaluated for the clearance of urea and creatinine.

PMID- 954246
TI  - Nutritional support in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 954247
TI  - Emergencies in obstetrics.

PMID- 954248
TI  - Anesthetic emergencies in obstetrics.

PMID- 954249
TI  - Antepartum hemorrhage and shock.

PMID- 954250
TI  - Life-threatening infections in pregnancy.
AB  - Infection remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Those
      entities that are most likely to threaten the life of the pregnant woman have
      been reviewed. Although intrapartum and postpartum pelvic infections consitute
      the majority such serious infections in pregnancy, attention has also been called
      to several less frequent but potentially lethal nonpelvic infections.

PMID- 954251
TI  - Difficulties in delivery, including shoulder dystocia and malpresentations of the
      fetus.
AB  - Shoulder dystocia is a true obsteric emergency. It may be suspected in large
      multiparous women, women who have previously delivered large babies, prolonged
      pregnancy, women who make poor progress in labor, and when the fetus seems very
      large to palpation. Women with abnormal pelves should be suspect. More liberal
      use of cesarean section in these situations will reduce the incidence of shoulder
      dystocia. It is important to have a carefully considered plan of action if
      shoulder dystocia does occur. The most helpful and definitive maneuver is
      extration of the posterior arm. Malpresentations cause acute emergencies mainly
      because of the associated increased incidence of prolapse of the cord. This
      possibility should be evaluated immediately when rupture of the membranes occurs.
      Prompt delivery by cesarean section is the treatment of choice with this
      complications.

PMID- 954252
TI  - Difficulties in breech delivery.

PMID- 954253
TI  - Ureteral injuries associated with gynecologic surgery: prevention and management.
AB  - Gynecologic surgery is responsible for most of the ureteral injuries that occur.
      The "easy" operation--the "simple" abdominal hysterectomy--and not the
      technically difficult pelvic one, is responsible for most ureteral injuries.
      Total abdominal hysterectomy accounts for almost 50% of the genitourinary
      fistulas and perhaps 80-99% of all surgical ureteral injuries. This problem will
      persist until a most important surgical axiom is applied routinely during the
      accomplishment of all pelvic operations: With all dissections, the contiguous
      structures subject to injury must be exposed. This step not only will avoid
      injuries to the ureter but also will facilitate an equally important aspect, that
      is, urinary tract injuries must be recognized at the time of operation. With
      recognition and adequate repair, problems such as fistula formation and serious
      morbidity (and litigation) can be avoided almost entirely. Because the gnecologic
      surgeon frequently will find that urologic consultation is not available at the
      time of urinary tract injury, he or she must be aware of and familiar with the
      various ureteral reconstructive procedures that may be required. The gynecologic
      surgeon must devote time and study to the management of urinary tract injuries
      before their occurrence. All pelvic surgeons eventually will encounter ureteral
      problems. The methods of bladder mobilization and ureteroneocystostomy should be
      within the ability of all who operate within the pelvis. When extensive damage
      has occurred and a urologist is not available, the gynecologist who is unfamiliar
      with the more demanding techniques (that is, ureteroureterostomy, bladder flaps,
      ileal conduits) should avoid additonal damage to the urinary tract and accomplish
      a simple catheter ureterostomy, deffering the definitive repair for a urologist.

PMID- 954254
TI  - Common complications of vaginal hysterectomy: thoughts regarding their prevention
      and management.

PMID- 954255
TI  - Management of ovarian carcinoma in young women.
AB  - On the basis of available information, the following criteria regarding ovarian
      carcinoma may be considered for the young patient who has not completed her
      family and is desirous of further childbearing. Any ovarian enlargements must be
      promptly and adequately evaluated. A lesion of high grade or high stage is not
      amenable to conservative surgery, and definitive total abdominal hysterectomy,
      bilateral salpinog-oophorectomy with or without partial omentectomy, and
      subsequent chemotherapy or radiotherapy are indicated. In the individual who has
      a low-grade and intracystic or encapsulated ovarian neoplasm, conservative
      surgery may be considered, provided there is no evidence otherwise of any
      periotneal or other spread and particularly if the opposite ovary is
      histologically evaluated, preferably by wedge resection. Data have indicated that
      this is a reasonable process to consider, and if followed carefully this should
      allow these individuals to accomplish their childbearing function with minimal
      risk. In general, because of the bilaterality of ovarian tumors, such
      conservative surgery probably is indefensible unless these riged criteria are
      met. It would also seem preferable to complete the surgical procedure with
      hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy once the patient's family is complete,
      thus obviating any possible appearance of a malignant tumor in the remaining
      ovary. The use of exogenous estrogesn would also seem far preferable to the risk
      of an insidious low-grade tumor that could not be adequately followed.

PMID- 954256
TI  - Identification, examination, and management of diethylstilbestrol-exposed
      offspring.

PMID- 954257
TI  - Prophylactic antibiotic therapy: its use and abuse.

PMID- 954258
TI  - Doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer; comparative studies of
      three combination chemotherapy regimes.

PMID- 954259
TI  - Malignant adenoma of the thyroid: hail or farewell?

PMID- 954260
TI  - An unusual allergic reaction in a vein following intravenous adriamycin.

PMID- 954261
TI  - Scheuermann's kyphosis: a form of osteoporosis?
AB  - A high frequency of abnormalities were noted in radiographic measurements of bone
      density, microradiography of the iliac crest, serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary
      hydroxyproline and dietary calcium intake in 12 patients with Scheuermann's
      juvenile kyphosis. Scheuermann's kyphosis may be a manifestation of generalized
      skeletal disease which becomes symptomatic during the growth spurt of puberty.

PMID- 954262
TI  - The clinical biomechanics of scoliosis.
AB  - Removal of the posterior elements will allow increased correction of axial
      deformity, in scoliosis. The clinician may take advantage of the creep and
      relaxation characteristic of the tissues to improve efficiency of correction.
      Axial loading has been shown theoretically to be more efficient for the more
      severe curves, (greater than 53 degrees) and transverse loading more efficient
      for the less severe curves (less than 53 degrees). Combined loading is always
      more efficient than either type alone. The Milwaukee brace can be just as
      effective as a cast in resisting deforming forces in scoliosis. Removal of
      axillary supports or thoracic pads or not wearing the brace when recumbent
      reduces the effectiveness of the Milwaukee brace. The strength of the thoracid
      lamina is a limiting factor in the amount of forces that may be applied to
      correct the deformity; 30 kilopond (65.8 lb) is the upper limit of this force.
      Coughing or buckling can apply dangerously high forces with the Harrington rod.
      Greater surgace contact of the hook to the lamina and small increments between
      notches on the rod may increase the tolerance limits of the system. Compression
      rods on the convex side probably add little or no correctional value. The Dwyer
      technique is biomechanically sound and effective and has the additional advantage
      of applying asymmetrical loads to the epiphyseal plates.

PMID- 954263
TI  - Pyogenic infections of the sacro-iliac joint.
AB  - In 3 cases of pyogenic infection of the sacro-iliac joint, the diagnosis was
      difficult. Limp, buttock pain and upper sciatica were the most common presenting
      symptoms. Differential limitation of hip motion, positive straight leg raising, a
      positive Gaenslen test and pain on pelvic compression were frequent fingings.
      Increased E.S.R., W.B.C. count and fever were seen in 2/3 cases. Plain and
      tomographic X-rays are often helpful but bone scan has been helpful in localizing
      early lesions. Treatment after early diagnosis may consist of antibiotics and
      immobilization alone while in the more chronic cases surgical drainage and
      debridement may be necessary.

PMID- 954264
TI  - Bone injuries due to tetany or convulsions during hemodialysis.
AB  - Two patients with long standing uremia sustained bone injuries due to tetany in
      one, and convulsions secondary to hemodialysis-induced alkalosis and
      hypomagnesemia in the other. In the former, there were multiple fractures
      involving the scapula, clavicles and femoral necks. In the latter, there was a
      slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Caution should be exercised against tetany or
      convulsive episodes which may cause bone injuries during hemodiaylsis in severely
      osteoporotic patients. In patients with progressive renal osteodystrophy,
      prevention of severe osteopenia by timely kidney transplant or subtotal
      parathyroidectomy is an important preventative measure.

PMID- 954265
TI  - Candida arthritis of the knee joint.
AB  - Candida albicans arthritis is unusual but does occur perhaps more often than
      recognized. The most common site of infection is the knee joint in the adult and
      can be related to contamination of the joint at the time of intraarticular
      injection of corticosteroids.

PMID- 954266
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst: evaluation of resection and of curettage in 20 cases.
AB  - The clinical, angiographic and histological aspects of 20 cases of aneurysmal
      bone cyst suggest that angiography is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of a cyst,
      differentiating it from other cystic bone lesions. Angiographic information also
      has a certain bearing on the origin of the lesion. It was demonstrated that
      other, benign, lesions may exist adjacent to the cyst or prior to it; in most
      cases, however, the cyst appears in a bone which is otherwise normal. The failure
      to differentiate between aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumor in relation to
      sex, age, localizaiton, morphology, and clinical course (e.g. tendency of
      recurrence and malignant transformation) may be responsible for confusion in the
      literature on these lesions. Good results of treatment are achievable by
      resection en bloc and by resection, or curettage with bone grafting. Curettage
      alone is inadequate. Only two recurrences (10%) were recorded in the present
      series during the average follow-up period of 4.5 years.

PMID- 954267
TI  - Solitary bone cyst with epiphyseal involvement: a case report.
AB  - A large solitary bone cyst involving the epiphysis produced 5.0 cm shortening of
      the proximal humerus in a 15-year-old girl. Biopsy revealed the cyst was filled
      with thin yellow fluid under pressure and lined by a fibrous membrane. X-rays 9
      months after biopsy demonstrated progressive cyst obliteration. A review of
      literature revealed no similar case. It is postulated that solitary cysts rarely
      may involve the physeal and epiphyseal structures and thereby retard longitudinal
      bone growth.

PMID- 954268
TI  - Myositis ossificans traumatica in a young child: a case report.
AB  - This is a case report of a 2-year, 11-month-old boy with traumatic myositis
      ossificans of the deltoid muscle, possibly the youngest child with this condition
      reported in the literature. The lesion, removed 7 months after injury because of
      pain, showed no evidence of spontaneous regression.

PMID- 954269
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma of the proximal tibial epiphysis.
AB  - This is a 3-year follow-up report of an eosinophilic granuloma of bone occurring
      in a growing epiphysis. The lesion occurred in a 6-year-old boy and is only the
      third such case reported in the literature. Eosinophilic granuloma should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic lesions of the epiphysis in
      childhood.

PMID- 954270
TI  - Osteoid osteoma of the ulna in a Negro child: a case report.
AB  - Osteoid osteoma seems to have been reported only twice before in a Negro child.
      The lesion is also unusual in the ulna. Treatment by en bloc resection bone graft
      of a large surgical defect was successful.

PMID- 954271
TI  - Osteoid osteoma of a vertebral body: report of a case with extension across the
      intervertebral disk.
AB  - An 18-year-old woman was evaluated for aching mid thoracid back pain of 4 years'
      duration. At 13 degrees left thoracic scoliosis was noted in association with a
      sclerotic process involving the inferior portion of the vertebral body of T7 and
      the superior margin of T8 across a well maintained disk space. Open biopsy
      confirmed the impression of a nidus in the body of T7 which was histologically
      consistent with osteoid osteoma. The disk space was well maintained and the
      sclerotic changes in the superior margin of T8 appeared to represent reactive
      change. Postoperative relief of back pain was complete. The occurrence of
      reactive bone across an intact disk space in response to an osteoid osteoma nidus
      is unique to this case. Osteoid osteoma should be included in the differential
      diagnosis of chronic spine pain and reactive changes secondary to irritant
      property of the nidus may be widespread.

PMID- 954272
TI  - Calcifying tendinitis: a new concept of its pathogenesis.
AB  - To elucidate the pathogenesis of calcifying tendinitis, clinical and
      morphological investigations were done on 46 surgically treated cases. Contrary
      to the prevalent concept of degeneration preceding dystrophic calcification, we
      found no evidence for an active or a healed degenerative process. The affected
      tendon was transformed into fibrocartilage with a predilection for calcification.
      The formative phase of calcification was followed in course of time by a
      resorptive phase during which the deposits were surrounded by phagocytosing
      cells. There was a concomitant proliferation of vascular channels. We found a
      significant correlation between severe pain and histological signs of resorption.
      The pathogenetic mechanism of calcifying tendinitis should be reassessed as a
      unique disorder of the musculotendinous cuff.

PMID- 954273
TI  - Neurotrophic arthropathy of the shoulder secondary to tuberculous arachnoiditis:
      a case report.
AB  - A rapidly progressive neurotrophic arthropathy of the shoulder was noted in a 44
      year-old man with tuberculous adhesive arachnoiditis. Difficulty in making the
      diagnosis of adhesive arachnoiditis was encountered because of the variable and
      confusing neurologic manifestations until a cisternal myelogram was performed and
      this previously unreported relationship established.

PMID- 954274
TI  - Keratoacanthoma: an unusual hand tumor.
AB  - Keratoacanthoma is a common skin lesion of the head and neck, and is well
      described in the literature. It seldom presents to the Orthopedic surgeon as a
      hand tumor. The lesion does not require radical approach, but mimics squamous
      cell carcinoma which usually does. The clinical behavior and pathology, as well
      as the biological behavior of the tumor, are discussed. Fifteen cases treated by
      the authors are reported and their clinical and pathological course and treatment
      are discussed. Serious errors in treatment may arise from reliance on the
      histologic characteristics alone. Conservative treatment of keratoacanthoma
      should be avoided but radical excision of the part is unnecessary. Prompt and
      total excision is the treatment of choice, with closure either primarily or with
      split skin graft.

PMID- 954275
TI  - Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to gouty tenosynovitis: a case report.
AB  - A 30-year-old patient developed bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to
      gouty tenosynovitis. Relief of symptoms followed removal of the tophaceous masses
      from the carpal tunnel. Surgical treatment is recommended whenever there is
      symptomatic median nerve compression.

PMID- 954276
TI  - The Milwaukee brace in idiopathic scoliosis: evaluation of 123 completed cases.
AB  - The Milwaukee Brace, as evaluated in 123 completed cases, is effective in
      controlling and correcting mild to moderate idiopathic scoliotic curves. The
      factors contributing to more correction include dorsal location, younger patients
      at onset of treatment, more flexible curves, and most important cooperative
      patients and parents. Less severe curves also achieved greater correction. Loss
      of correction after brace discontinuance is negligible, due to the fact that
      weaning and discontinuance were based on the stability of correction after 24
      unbraced hours. Patients cooperative with the wearing and exercise program can
      expect approximately 25 per cent correction in dorsal curves and 20 per cent
      correction in lumbar curves. Cosmetic improvement can be expected in the majority
      of patients. Complications are negligible.

PMID- 954277
TI  - Vertebral body osteomyelitis: spectrum and natural history. A retrospective
      analysis of 37 cases.
AB  - There has been a definite change in the natural history of vertebral
      osteomyelitis. At the turn of the century the disease was most often seen in
      younger people, accompanied by a high incidence of abscess formation and
      associated with a high mortality rate. Today the disease is more commonly seen in
      the older age groups and is only occasionally characterized by abscess formation.
      In addition it tends to be of a lower grade inflammatory reaction and has a
      better prognosis. A urinary tract infection is a common pre-existing condition.
      Diagnosis may be difficult particularly before the onset of destructive changes
      radiologically at 8 to 12 weeks. Biopsy by either open or closed methods might be
      necessary to establishe the diagnosis and isolate the causative organism which is
      usually Staphylococcus aureus. Epidural infection is the most devastating
      complication, particularly if neglected. The duration of treatment is determined
      by following the clinical symptoms, sedimentation rate, temperature curve and
      interval radiological changes. The prognosis is good and most patients will
      recover within one year.

PMID- 954278
TI  - Anatomical and functional considerations in total claviclectomy.
AB  - There should be no hesitation in performing a total claviclectomy. It is the
      treatment of choice in cases of ch. pyogenic osteomyelitis of the clavicle and
      other lesions which demand sacrificing the bone. There was no functional
      impairment of the shoulder joint or the girdle. There is usually no major
      postoperative complication and no residual disability. In children, regeneration
      of bone takes place from the periosteal tube.

PMID- 954279
TI  - Posterior roentgenogram of the foot.
AB  - A present there is no reliable way to define the position of the heel in
      relationship to the tibia during weight bearing. Many surgical and nonsurgical
      procedures are done to correct a varus or valgus heel without a standard method
      to define the problem or measure the results. This is a report on a posterior
      roentgenographic technique which defines the position of the heel with respect to
      the talus, tibia, and forefoot. This technique allows for measurement of the
      position of the heel and can be performed in any X-ray facility.

PMID- 954280
TI  - Acidic lipids associated with the local mechanism of calcificaiton: a review.
AB  - Two current areas of research on hard tissues have focused upon acidic lipids
      associated with the local mechanism of calcification and the presence of matrix
      vesicles as the loci for initial mineralization. Data which show that acidic
      phospholipids are a component of the vesicle membrane provide a common
      denominator between these two areas. Furthermore, studies on vertebrate,
      microbial and synthetic lipoprotein calcification indicate that acidic
      phospholipids play a pivotal role in the local mechanism. Through a sequence of
      initial Ca2++ binding followed by desolvation and ion concentration, the acidic
      phospholipid rich membrane provides an environment in which calcification can be
      facilitated. A proposed mechanism includes in additon to Ca2++ binding, the
      formation of (CaHPO4)2 dimers and their condensation into a Ca9 (PO4)6 unit bound
      to the membrane. The bound unit functions as a nucleus for the formation of
      additonal units to form an amorphous calcium phosphate cluster. Conversion to
      crystalline apatite would require dehydration of the environment, either by
      mineral build up exceeding the hydrophobic domain or by breakdown of the
      membrane.

PMID- 954281
TI  - Calcitonin and the bone fluid compartment: effect of calcitonin and/or
      parathyroid hormone on plasma radiocalcium changes.
AB  - Changes in plasma calcium and 45Ca concentrations were followed after injection
      of calcitonin or a combination of calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
      into thyroparathyroidectomized rats maintained on thyroxine. Comparison was made
      between rats injected with the hormone(s) after a recent feeding and after an
      overnight fast. Also cor (18 hr 45Ca) before, and more than 6 days (greater than
      6 day 45Ca) prior to hormone administration. The following results were obtained:
      The action of CT predominated over that of PTH for the first few hours after
      injection. However, the effects of PTH were eventually manifested even when
      additional CT was administered. In the "greater than 6 day" 45Ca groups, PTH
      normally produced an increase in plasma 45Ca specific activity. However, in
      fasted rats, plasms 45Ca fell with total calcium with no change in specific
      activity following CT injection. In fed rats CT injection was followed by a
      decrease in plasma 45Ca specific activity. When both hormones were administered
      plasma 45Ca specific activity changes mimicked those produced by CT alone even
      after PTH plasma effects were manifested. In the "18 hr" 45Ca groups, CT produced
      first a drop in plasma 45Ca, followed by a reduction in the rate of its removal
      from plasma. It is concluded that the data can best be explained by the postulate
      that plasma calcium concentrations are maintained by the control of fluxes
      between bone fluid in the osteocyte-lining cell bone unit and the extracellular
      fluid. PTH increases the efflux from this bone fluid compartment while CT
      restricuts the source of calcium and, therefore, the efflux. Plasma 45Ca changes
      are due to a combination of changes in flux rates and mixing processes between
      the extracellular fluid compartment and the bone fluid compartment.

PMID- 954282
TI  - Intravenous regional anesthesia for closed treatment of fractures and
      dislocations of the upper extremities.
AB  - Intravenous regional anesthesia for the treatment of fractures and dislocations
      of the upper extremity is a very effective, consistent and safe form of analgesia
      which requires low doses of lidocaine and can be performed in an emergency room
      using a regular blood pressure cuff. Dosage should be related to body weight and
      the blood pressure cuff should be maintained at higher than systolic pressure for
      a minimum of 15 minutes after the lidocaine is injected. Release of the
      tourniquet should be staged as described. Ninety-one per cent of 77 patients had
      excellent analgesia following the IVRA. Eight per cent had fair results, but this
      was still adequate to perform the reduction with only minimal but definite
      discomfort to the patient. Only one patient failed to respond to the IVRA
      technique. Other advantages such as muscle relaxation during the anesthetic and
      rapid full return of sensation after cuff release, permit ease of reducion and
      early anticipation of cast discomfort or pressure pain from sharp edges of
      plaster. Unpleasant long term side effects of axillary block anesthesia, such as
      persistent paresthesia have not been seen.

PMID- 954283
TI  - The effect of thyroparathyroidectomy: development of disuse osteoporosis in adult
      rats.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken in order to study the role played by the
      thyroid and the parathyroid glands in the development of osteoporosis induced by
      immobilization. One hundred and fifty-three male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were
      divided into 2 groups. The animals of one group were thyroparathyroidectomized;
      those of the other group were left intact. Each group was then divided into two
      subgroups in one of which the right hind leg of the animals were immobilized by
      elastic adhesive bandages. The animals were observed for varying periods of time
      up to 16 weeks. Bone mass and composition was determined and the results
      indicated that disuse osteoporosis occurs in rats in the virtual absence of the
      thyroid and parathyroid glands. The bone loss of the immobilized femur and tibia
      is however less pronounced in thyroparathyroidectomized than in intact rats.

PMID- 954284
TI  - Constant Good Samaritan cervical traction.

PMID- 954286
TI  - Orthopaedics.

PMID- 954285
TI  - Observations on eburnated bone.

PMID- 954287
TI  - Reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament: preliminary report of a new
      procedure.
AB  - The integrity of the posterior cruciate ligament is necessary for the stability
      of the knee. The popliteus tendon is a promising, practical, and anatomical donor
      for reconstructing the posterior cruciate ligament. The procedure can be
      performed relatively easily using a posterolateral Henderson incision in
      association with the standard anteromedial parapatellar approach. We have
      performed the operation in 2 patients, produced good results at 4 and 6 month
      follow-up examination.

PMID- 954288
TI  - Fatigue fractures of tibial and femoral shaft in soldiers.
AB  - In 136 fatigue fractures in military recruits, 58 were in the femoral shaft and
      43 were in the tibia. Fatigue fractures in the long bones of the lower limb can
      be classified on the extend of the periosteal reaction. Most were grade 1,
      showing periosteal reaction only on one or two cortices as seen on the
      anteroposterior and lateral projections of the roentgenograms. Physical activity
      was discontinued immediately when fatigue fracture of the femur or tibia was
      suspected on clinical grounds alone. Early clinical diagnosis the long bone
      fatigue fractures in all patients except one. The injured soldiers were
      ambulatory without plaster cast immobilization or crutches. The suggested
      classification was used to select patients with Grade 1 fatigue fracture for
      early resumption of active military training.

PMID- 954289
TI  - Anterior tibial compartment syndrome associated with ergotamine ingestion.
AB  - This is the first reported case of acute anterior tibial compartment syndrome
      following ergotamine tartrate overdosage. A 25-year-old man developed signs and
      symptoms of ergotism after ingestion of 72 mg of ergotamine tartrate over the 12
      days prior to his hospital admission. On the fourth hospital day, the patient
      developed bilateral anterior tibial compartment syndrome. The development of this
      syndrome is postulated to have been due to the progressive edema and tissue
      pressure in the anterior tibial compartments, worsened by the gradual improvement
      of the peripheral circulation which followed the diminished vasopastic effect of
      the ergotamine.

PMID- 954290
TI  - Fractures and dislocations involving the navicular-lunate axis.
AB  - This is a report of experience with 48 carpal disruptions including anterior
      dislocations of the lunate, transnavicular perilunate and perilunate dislocations
      and subluxation of the navicular. The correct radiographic diagnosis is
      absolutely essential for effective treatment. Many of these injuries may be
      treated by closed reduction, but open reduction of transnavicular perilunate
      dislocations is the procedure of choice. Avascular necrosis of the lunate may
      follow open dislocation. Primary subluxation of the navicular may occur without
      dislocation of the lunate.

PMID- 954291
TI  - End result observations of X plate compression fixation. A critical review and
      analysis and a discussion of unsolved problems.
AB  - The X plate method of treatment of a diaphyseal fracture employs te internal,
      cortical and extramedullary compression-fixation of a shaft fracture, using a
      steel plate device of two components. Four wedges of the X device force the
      surfaces of the fracture against each other at the same time as the plate is
      pressed against the cortical surfaces of the reduced fracture fragments. The two
      components of the device are finally made to interlock firmly. Screws are not
      used. Plate onlay force and fracture compression force are created by the
      purchasing of the wedges against the rims of exactly predrilled cortical bores of
      the fracture fragments. A drill guide, and a device that permits pre-compression
      and temporary fixation of the fracture fragments are used when drilling is
      performed. Successvie designs of the employed X devices and auxiliary instruments
      are described. Clinical experience of the method so far has been satisfactory.
      Twenty-six forearm shaft fractures and two osteotomies of malunited shaft
      fractures have been successfuly treated. Present problems are related to the
      possible need of an implant material of a more springy character tan that of the
      2353 (316L) steel implant, used at present and also to reduce the manufacturing
      costs.

PMID- 954292
TI  - Clinical test for anterolateral rotary instability of the knee.
AB  - A simplified test for anterolateral rotary subluxation of the knee is largely
      based on the concepts described by Galway and McIntosh although performed in a
      different manner. The examiner places the right hand gently on the lateral side
      of the knee with the thumb overlying the posterior aspect of the fibula and the
      index finger palpating the anterolateral aspect of the joint line to determine
      the the tibiofemoral relationship. The left hand embraces the lateral side of the
      distal end of the femur with the thumb over the posterior aspect of the lateral
      femoral condyle. With equal pressure on the lateral femoral condyle and fibular
      head the knee is pushed gently forward into flexion. When anterointernal tibial
      luxation is present, a reduction phenomenon is felt as the knee passes into the
      25 to 40 degree flexion range. This may occur as a sudden palpable and
      occasionally audible repositioning which is responsible for  such terminology as
      a "pivot shift" or "jerk sign." We have experienced many instances where the
      reduction phenomenon is more subtle and is determined by palpation alone. The
      pathologic mechanics are determined by observations at surgery in 45 patients
      with a positive test. This test has improved our diagnositc ability and is easly
      taught to those unfamiliar with knee joint disorders.

PMID- 954293
TI  - Lateral oblique incision for the Charnley low friction arthroplasty.
AB  - An oblique incision of the lateral exposure improves access to the acetabulum.

PMID- 954294
TI  - Tibial rotational osteotomy.
AB  - Accurate rotational osteotomy is especially difficult in a triangular bone such
      as the tibia. A technique using a fibular graft to locate the center of rotation
      and provide stability has been used in 9 operations with very satisfying results.
      Average healing time was 7 1/2 weeks. A protractor has been designed to measure
      the degrees of rotation.

PMID- 954295
TI  - Dynamic fibular function: a new concept.
AB  - Fibular function has long been a point of controversy in the literature. Until
      recently the fibula's role during gait has been thought of as entirely static. A
      review of the literature reveals an important dynamic function for the fibula in
      maintaining ankle mortise stability during weight bearing. Roentgenographic and
      anatomical studies confirm the hypothesis of progressive distal fibular descent.
      A taut interosseous membrane and deepened mortise result when be flexors of the
      foot contract during stance phase. Congenital deformities of the ankle may stem
      from aberration in the dynamic role of the fibula. Stress fractures and problems
      resulting from impaired distal migration and synostosis formation are interpreted
      as disorders of the dynamic role of the fibula.

PMID- 954296
TI  - Cylindrical total ankle joint replacement: surgical and biomechanical rationale.
AB  - Incongruent designs of total ankle arthroplasty are all unsatisfactory owing to
      inherently poor wear, deformation resistance, and poor stability. Several
      congruent designs are capable of providing good function. It is concluded that a
      cylindrical surface with a horizontal axis located at the center of curvature of
      the lateral border of the talar dome seems most desirable where adequate subtalar
      motion is present and a spherical type seems most desirable where such motion is
      not present. The "New Jersey" cylindrical total ankle arthroplasty using a
      cylindrical surface uses an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene talar
      component and a mortised cobalt-chromium alloy tibial component both stabilized
      with methylmethacrylate bone cement and dual fixation fins.

PMID- 954297
TI  - Arthrodesis of the ankle joint with complete removal of the distal part of the
      fibula: experience with the transfibular approach and three different types of
      fixation.
AB  - In 20 patients the following 3 techniques have been used for ankle fusion, all
      with a lateral transfibular approach: (1) fibular grafting; (2) lateral removal
      of the distal fibula and fixation with 3 Blount staples; (3) removal of the
      distal fibular and fixation with Charnley compression clamps. The compression
      technique, through a lateral approach, was found to be superior as it avoids
      section of tendons. Removal of the distal portion of the fibular eliminates the
      risk of drainage and problems with wound healing due to the presence of a large
      bone graft immediately underneath the skin. Fusion is obtained more rapidly with
      the third than the first and second techniques. Pain seems to be related to
      osteoarthritis of the surrounding joints. The gait pattern depends not only on
      pain, but also on the position of the foot and on the posterior displacement of
      the talus. Less osteoarthritis as a result of shorter immoblizaition is the most
      favorable factor, notwithstanding the longer preoperative period in the third
      than in the first two methods.

PMID- 954298
TI  - Pathology of the limbus in untreated teratologic congenital dislocation of the
      hip. A case report of a ten-month-old- infant.
AB  - A dislocated hip in a 10-month-old infant with multiple congenital anomalies was
      examined postmortem. The true acetabulum was filled with areolar tissue and the
      acetabular articular cartilage was covered by fibrous pannus. The secondary
      acetabulum consisted of fibrous capsular tissue lined by synovial cells. A lip of
      new fibrous tissue, the limbus, grew over the cartilaginous labrum of the true
      acetabulum in juxtaposition to the dislocated femoral head.

PMID- 954299
TI  - Perinatal observations on the etiology of congenital dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 954300
TI  - Morphology of untreated bilateral congenital dislocation of the hips in a seventy
      four-year-old man.
AB  - Two untreated completely dislocated hips were examined pathologically in a 74
      year-old male dissecting room cadaver. The femoral heads bilaterally were 9 cm
      above the acetabular fossae. They lay adjacent to each ilium with no secondary
      acetabulum formation. A thickened and markedly elongated fibrous capsule appeared
      to be the major structure that had checked further migration of the femoral heads
      during weight-bearing. The femoral heads, although slightly flattened medially
      and somewhat smaller in size than in the normal adult, showed no degenerative
      arthritis. Dysplastic acetabular fossae were filled with soft tissue. Bone-to
      bone contact with secondary degenerative changes was present only where the
      femurs, at the level of the lesser trochanters, rubbed against the overhanging
      superior acetabular rims.

PMID- 954301
TI  - Congenital kyphoscoliosis with paralysis following hemivertebra excision.
AB  - This is a case report of a 13-year-old girl with a severely progressive
      congenital kyphoscoliosis, treated by halo-femoral traction and a single stage
      anterior and posterior hemivertebra excision. Forty-eight hours after surgery she
      developed paralysis of bowel, bladder and all motor function with partial
      preservation of deep sensation only. She began to have neurologic recovery 2
      months later with gradual return of a completely normal neurological status over
      a period of 12 months. Pseudarthrosis and loss of correction of the original
      deformity required a second major anterior spine fusion 16 months after the
      initial procedure. No neurologic problems occurred following the second anterior
      fusion. A stable correction  was ultimately achieved. The mechanism of
      postoperative paralysis is unknown.

PMID- 954302
TI  - Orthopedic manpower.
AB  - Key statistical information regarding Orthopedic Manpower is present to make
      orthopedists aware of the detailed information that is currently available. It is
      clear there is still insufficient data to justify radically altering the numbers
      or types of practices. Until the scope of orthopedic practice is more clearly
      defined and generally accepted (by orthopedists, other physicians, health
      professionals and the public) we must continue to monitor our activities and make
      adjustments through evolutionary changes rather than revolutionary regulations.
      Quite clearly there are segments of our country that are orthopedically
      underserved. Thus, it is vital that we seek new methods to encourage orthopedists
      to settle in these areas. Clearly, the simple production of more orthopedists in
      the traditional model will not answer the geographic maldistribution. With the
      tremendous scope of problems cared for by orthopedists, there does not appear to
      be an oversupply; however, we are headed in that direction. If we continue to
      rate operative procedures as the most significant and satisfying aspect of the
      practice, we certainly have enough, but they are not spread across the country in
      a uniform manner. Significant increases in numbers will be necessary if the
      orthopedist is to assume the role of general practitioner of the musculoskeletal
      system as well as a specialist for diagnosing and treating the more complicated
      musculoskeletal problems (whether by medical-surgical or physical-medical
      modalities). Should this be the case adjustments must be made in the selection
      process of orthopedic residents, in training programs, as well as estimates of
      the numbers of such specialists necessary for the future.

PMID- 954303
TI  - Solitary bone cyst of the cervical spine.
AB  - A histologically proven case of solitary bone cyst of a cervical vertebral body
      seems not to have been previously reported. Cysts of sufficient size to be a
      potential source of pathologic fracture should be excised and filled with
      autologous bone grafts.

PMID- 954304
TI  - Late instability in cervical spine fractures secondary to laminectomy.
AB  - Of 256 patients with a major spinal cord injury as a result of fracture of the
      cervical spine, 38 per cent had a laminectomy. Three months after injury, 33 per
      cent of the patients with laminectomy  required fusion for instability compared
      to 22 per cent of the nonlaminectomy group. There were no cases of late
      instability in pure flexion or extension fracture groups. Ninety per cent of the
      late instability cases were in the groups with hyperflexion and flexion
      compression fractures. Laminectomy should be avoided for these fractures, but
      early fusion may be necessary to prevent progressive deformity.

PMID- 954305
TI  - Spinal tuberculosis treated by antituberculous chemotherapy and radical
      operation.
AB  - Between 1956 and 1968, 208 patients with spinal tuberculosis healed by
      chemotherapy with and without surgical intervention. Two vertebral bodies were
      affected in 82 patients, one in 23 cases, more than 4 in 70 patients. Sixty-one
      patients had neural involvement at the time of admission, 42 of them an
      incomplete or complete paraplegia. All patients were treated by triple-drug
      chemotherapy. Chemotherapy and bed rest alone was sufficient for 76 patients.
      Surgical intervention was indicated in 132 cases. Debridement was carried out in
      33 cases, debridement and spinal fusion was performed in 18 cases, anterolateral
      decompression of the spinal cord alone was employed in 15 cases, and together
      with spinal fusion recommended in 15 cases. Minor surgical procedures were made
      necessary in 8 cases. The indications for surgery were: (1) unfavorable response
      to conservative treatment during 3 months, (2) Pott's paraplegia showing no signs
      of recovery by conservative treatment, (3) Pott's paraplegia developing during
      conservative treatment (4) cases with unstable spinal lesions, and (5) cases with
      paravertebral abscesses and sinuses. Complete or good recovery occurred in 61 out
      of 76 conservatively treated patients. Forty-two out of 61 patients with neural
      involvement made a complete or a good recovery, 31 being patients with
      paraplegia. No improvement was noted in 16 cases with neural involvement, and 2
      had progression of the neurological signs. A complete recovery was noted in 101
      out of 132 operatively treated patients, a good recovery in 21, and no
      improvement in 9 patients with paraplegia. One patient died; 141 patients
      returned to their former work, 30 of whom were recovered paraplegics. Fifteen had
      retired because of advanced age. Modern treatment begins with triple-drug
      chemotherapy and bed rest for 3 months. If the response is unsatisfactory,
      debridement or debridement with spinal fusion is carried out as soon as possible.
      Anterolateral decompression is applied in cases with paraplegia.

PMID- 954306
TI  - Facetectomy for the relief of intraforaminal compression of the fifth lumbar root
      at the collapsed lumbosacral disk.
AB  - This paper presents a long-term follow-up of 23 patients with collapsed
      lumbosacral disks showing evidence of fifth lumbar root compression treated by
      facetectomy without fusion. Fifth lumbar root compression is usually caused by
      protrusion of the fourth lumbar disk. If this is not present the fifth lumbar
      root will almost invariably be found to be impinged upon laterally in the foramen
      by one of several mechanisms, which are detailed in this paper. Decompression of
      the roots at the fifth lumbar foramen may be done by either unilateral or
      bilateral facetectomy depending upon whether the symptoms are unilateral or
      bilateral. There has been no forward displacement with unilateral facetectomy and
      only slight forward movement of the fifth lumbar vertebrae on the sacrum with
      bilateral facetectomy. There has been good relief of symptoms in most patients.
      Arthrodesis, as a rule, is not necessary.

PMID- 954307
TI  - Congenital absence of the pectoral muscles. A review of twenty-five patients.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with unilateral partial absence of the pectoral major muscle
      were reviewed to determine the presence of fetal insult, associated anomalies,
      neoplasia, and prognosis. Fifteen had ipsilateral synbrachydactyly (the Poland
      Anomaly) which varied in severity from minimal findings to nearly complete
      absence of the hand. The pattern of abnormality was remarkably uniform with
      maximal involvement of the midhand and least involvement of the thumb and small
      finger. The etiology of this condition remains unknown although fetal insult is
      suggested in some cases. Although reports in the literature suggest a
      relationship with childhood leukemia, no malignancies were found in these
      children. None was found to have serious associated anomalies and all were judged
      to be of normal intelligence, suggesting a generally good prognosis.

PMID- 954308
TI  - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A study of 68 cases in the eastern half area
      of Japan.
AB  - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is an uncommon disease among children in Japan.
      Eighty-one hips in 68 patients collected in the eastern half area of Japan were
      examined and studies in reference to the incidence, clinical characteristics, and
      results of treatment. The estimated yearly incidence rate in boys was 0.3 to 0.5
      per 100,000 in the population between 10 and 14 years old. The higher incidence
      of boys (a 5.8 to 1 predilection for males) was characteristic. The disease was
      extremely rare in girls. Although Japanese children are generally neither as tall
      nor as heavy as Americans or Europeans, these patients were relatively taller and
      also much heavier than average. One of the reasons why children of Japan are not
      susceptible to slipped epiphysis may be explained by the Japanese physique.
      Satisfactory results were found in less than half the cases. Poor results were
      mainly caused by complications such as avascular necrosis and acute cartilage
      necrosis. The incidence of the latter complication was 20.7 per cent in 58 hips
      followed longer than a year and a half. The method of treatment seems not
      necessarily related to the development of chondrolysis. This complication is
      caused by an unknown genetic factor.

PMID- 954309
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the patella.
AB  - In 8 congenital patellar dislocations, in 7 patients, the patella was permanently
      and laterally dislocated, and irreducible or difficult to reduce. The patella
      usually was hypoplastic and showed absent facets. The intercondylar groove of the
      femur also was underdeveloped. In all but one patient, knee function was improved
      by a surgical procudure which involved lateral release of ptella, medial
      transpositon of patellar tendon, and plication of medial capsule or advancement
      of vastus medialis.

PMID- 954310
TI  - Cast brace treatment of plateau and bicondylar fractures of the proximal tibia.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with 30 intraarticular proximal tibial fractures were
      treated with early application of a cast brace. All fractures united, knee motion
      was excellent or good in all but one patient. The fracture fragments did not lose
      position after cast brace application. Varus or valgus deformities could be
      corrected and maintained. Ninety per cent had no pain at follow-up. Hospital stay
      was as short as two days and generally under two weeks.

PMID- 954311
TI  - The normal carrying angle of the elbow. A radiographic study of 422 patients.
AB  - A radiographic study of the carrying angle in 422 patients demonstrated that the
      carrying angle increased with age, but there were no real differences in males
      and females. Apparent differences may be explained by increased joint laxity in
      females, permitting a greater degree of extension.

PMID- 954312
TI  - Screw fixation of the olecranon after fracture or osteotomy.
AB  - For 10 years prior to the availability of the Olecranon Screw described in this
      article, oblique fixation using a regular Sherman bone screw was employed for
      displaced fractures (with a suitable fragment) by engaging the anterior ulnar
      cortex. Internal fixation was supplemented by a split for 3 weeks. The reason for
      a special olecranon screw is to eliminate the necessity for additional fixation
      and permit early motion. No instance of non-union or important restriction of
      motion or serious complication has been encountered.

PMID- 954313
TI  - Clinical features and treatment of joint dislocations in Larsen's syndrome.
      Report of three cases in one family.
AB  - Of 3 cases of Larsen's syndrome in one family, one had bilateral dislocation of
      the hip and the knee joints. The knee joint was not reduced by manipulation and
      corrective cast, while both hip and knee joints were simultaneously reduced by
      skeletal traction of the tibia at the age of 4 months, and the course was
      satisfactory. Reduction of joint dislocations should be attempted by a
      conservative method such as skeletal traction as early as possible. Various
      radiographic skeletal abnormalities occurred in all 3 cases. Larsen's syndrome
      very likely has a genetic origin.

PMID- 954314
TI  - Osteogenetic epithelial-mesenchymal cell interactions.
AB  - FL, HeLa and other non-murine epithelial cells are capable of inducing
      chondroosseous differentiation when brought into contact with mouse thigh
      mesenchymal cells. Immunosuppression as produced by cortisone or mouse
      antilymphocyte serum is required to prevent rejection and to allow growth of the
      foreign epithelial cells. Cartilage appears within 7 days and bone within 9 days
      following epithelial cell injection. Electron microscopic studies indicate that
      the induced cartilage and bone is normal in basic strucutre, and that
      calcification is mediated by extracellular matrix vesicles. Various forms of
      mechanical and chemical injury have consistently failed to stimulate cartilage or
      bone formation in the mouse thigh. Explantation of preosseous thigh tumors to
      mouse brain allows continued growth of human and mouse cells with development of
      cartilage or bone in 67 per cent of implants. Microscopy indicates cartilage and
      bone formation by many mesenchymal cells which are not in direct contact with
      epithelium. To account for this, two mechanisms of bone induction are envisioned:
      (1) short-range diffusion of inductive substance(s) and/or (2) transfer of the
      inductive stimulus by direct surface contact from epithelial cell to mesenchymal
      cell to mesenchymal cell and so on.

PMID- 954315
TI  - The effects of hyperoxia upon bone in organ culture.
AB  - Hyperoxia has been reported to stimulate both resorption and synthesis of bone in
      vitro. The effects of increased oxygen tension were re-investigated using
      calvaria from infant mice maintained in a stationary grid culture system for 48
      48 hours with an unsupplemented chemically defined medium. Resting resorption due
      to osteoclastic activity was demonstrated in the explants in air by Von Kossa
      staining, histology, and 45 Ca release. Resorption was inhibited by exposure to
      95 per cent oxygen or hyperbaric oxygenation at 2 atmospheres pressure. Hyperoxia
      also depressed new bone formatin by osteoblasts although the production of a new
      collagen, as measured by the incorporation of 3H-proline, was greater in calvaria
      cultured in hyperbaric oxygen than in paired explants in 95 per cent oxygen. Thus
      hyperoxia was toxic for both synthetic and resorptive activity of bone cells;
      these effects may stem from the loss of vital factors present in natural MEDIA
      supplements.

PMID- 954316
TI  - The anatomy and pathology of congenital dislocation of the hip.
AB  - At least 1 per cent of all newborn infants in the United Kingdom have CDH (Fig
      10). Among these infants, approximately 85 per cent are normally formed and 15
      per cent malformed. Among the normally formed infants, 90 per cent of the CDH are
      of the Grade 1 type, and 10 per cent of Grades 2 and 3. Such infants have a
      perinatal mortality of about 5 per cent. In contrast, among the malformed
      infants, about 50 per cent are CDH Grade 1, and 50 per cent Grades 2 and 3; their
      perinatal mortality is around 70 per cent. In other words, a much higher
      proportion than usual of the severe grades of CDH are found among the infants
      with a high perinatal mortality.

PMID- 954317
TI  - Pathological human synovial fluids. Viscosity and boundary lubricating
      properties.
AB  - On human synovial fluids obtained during operations from the knee joints of 80
      patients with different joing disease, relative viscosity was measured at 3
      different shear rates and the boundary lubrication was tested by the coefficient
      of friction in an artificial rubber/glass system. The results were evaluated in
      relation to the operative findings. The viscosity showed statistically
      significant differences between the synovial fluids from the knee joints with
      rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and torn menisci, being lowest in
      rheumatoid synovial fluid and highest in synovial fluids from knee joints with
      torn menisci. Correlations were found in the variations in the viscosity and the
      degree of synovitis. The boundary lubrication also showed different values
      inrelation to the different diseases. Synovial fluid from knee joints with torn
      menisci seemed to act as the best lubricant and significantly better than
      rheumatoid synovial fluid. Variations in the boundary lubrications reflect
      successive degrees of cartilage degeneration.

PMID- 954318
TI  - Monomer leakage from polymerizing acrylic bone cement. An in vitro study on the
      influence of speed and duration of mixing, cement volume and surface area.
AB  - An in vitro study was dthesigned to measure the effects of variable cement
      volumes and modified mixing techniques on the monomer leakage after simulated
      implantation. The cement volume as such was found to be an irrelevant parameter
      for calculations of the monomer loss from bone cement. The leakage was directly
      related to the surface area of the cement. Variations in the thickness of the
      cement mantle from 1 to 5 mm did not affect the leakage. Late cement insertion
      should reduce the total monomer leakage into the tissues. It is doubtful whether
      an increased stirring speed during mixing reduces the monomer leakage after
      implantation.

PMID- 954319
TI  - Effects of laminations and blood entrapment on the strength of acrylic bone
      cement.
AB  - The tensile and shear strengths of surgically mixed acrylic bone cement were
      measured for intact specimens and for special two-part cylindrical specimens
      containing single laminations perpendicular to their longitudinal axes.
      Laminations were formed at times ranging from 3 1/2 to 6 1/2 minutes after
      initial mixing of the powder and liquid for dry interfaces and for interfaces
      containing fresh blood at the time of lamination formation. In additon, special
      tests were conducted to measure the bond strength between freshly mixed and pre
      polymerized acrylic. The tensile and shear strengths at the lamination interface
      decreased significantly when the laminations were formed late in the working life
      of the acrylic. The presence of blood at the interface further weakened the bond
      to approximately 25 per cent (tension) and 36 per cent (shear) of the virgin
      strengths of the material. These results support early acrylic placement with dry
      surgical fields. The bonding of fresh acrylic to pre-polymerized material was
      most effective when the material was poured into the mold before dough stage.
      This technique would have practical application in special cases for re-cementing
      revision prostheses without removing the old acrylic from within the bone.

PMID- 954320
TI  - Letter to the editor: Terminology.

PMID- 954321
TI  - Normal values of the hip joint for the evaluation of X-rays in children and
      adults.
AB  - X-ray measurements of the hip joints of children, with special reference to the
      acetabular index, suggest that the upper standard deviation of normal comprises
      the borderline to a critical zone where extreme values of normal and pathologic
      hips were found together. Above the double standard deviation only severe
      dysplasias were present. Investigations of the shaft-neck angle and the degree of
      anteversion including the wide standard deviation demonstrate that it is very
      difficult to determine where these angles become pathologic. It is more important
      to look for the relationship between femoral head and acetabulum. A new
      measurement--the Hip Value is based on measurements of the Idelberg- Frank angle,
      the Wiberg angle and MZ-distance of decentralization. By statistical methods,
      normal and pathological joints can be separated as follows: in adult Hip Values,
      between 6 and 15 indicate a normal joint form; values between 16 and 21 indicate
      a slight deformation and values of 22 and above are indications of a severe
      deformation, in children in the normal range the Hip Value reaches 14; values of
      15 and up are pathological.

PMID- 954322
TI  - Intertrochanteric femoral osteotomy with concentric reduction of the femoral head
      in treatment of residual congenital acetabular dysplasia.
AB  - A method of classification based upon increase of the anteversion and valgus
      deformity of the upper femur associated with a dysplastic acetabulum and
      subluxation of the femoral head demonstrates 4 main groups: I or II in patients 1
      to 3 years of age; III, patients approximately 2 years of age; IV, patients with
      absolute contraindication for surgical intervention. The Monticelli technique
      employs a Kirschner wire for the internal fixation and incorporates it in a hip
      spica. The results of the surgical treatment are very gratifying when
      classification and specified indications are correct. In follow-up observations
      ranging from 3 to 11 years, with an average of 7 years, there were practically no
      complications other than a few superficial skin infections.

PMID- 954323
TI  - The intertrochanteric osteotomy in the treatment of congenital dysplasia of the
      hip.
AB  - The dysplastic acetabulum develops to normal shape only if the head of the femur
      is in central position in the articualr cavity correct according to biomechanics
      of the hip joint. Anterior rotation of the neck of the femur should be reduced
      operatively to neutral position as soon as possible if joint congruity cannot be
      achieved by conservative treatment. The indication for an intertrochanteric
      derotation osteotomy is made in cases demonstrating a roof inclination less than
      30 degrees in children age 1 1/2 to three. After the third year of age, the
      mutual growth-stimulating effect of the  articular bodies is not important enough
      to be useful in treatment of dysplasia. The femoral osteotomy has to be performed
      intertrochanterically. If articular congruity cannot be achieved by
      intertrochanteric osteotomy only, an additional innominate osteotomy of the
      pelvis is indicated at the same stage. The results of 435 cases demonstrated a
      good development of the acetabular roof if the intervention was performed early,
      according to correctly specified indications. In cases with insufficient growth
      potential of the acetabular roof, resulting in an increased inclination, an
      additional reconstruction of the acetabular cavity is required.

PMID- 954324
TI  - Congenital hip dysplasia in the light of early and very early diagnosis.
AB  - Ortolani summarizes 40 years of experience with about 8,000 children with
      congenital hip dysplasia, treated from birth or at a very early age. All newborns
      should be screened and examined for congenital hip dysplasia and this exam should
      be repeated at one month and again in 3 months. The most reliable sign for the
      diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia at birth is the "click" sign. The etiology
      of congenital hip dysplasia is in a localized fault in embryonic development. The
      treatment started just as early as the condition was suspected. Surgical
      treatment is recommended for all complete congenital hip dislocations not
      amenable to treatment by closed methods.

PMID- 954325
TI  - Combined procedure of open reduction and shortening of the femur in treatment of
      congenital dislocation of the hips in older children.
AB  - A one-stage, combined operative procedure for reduction of congenitally
      dislocated hips in older children consists of shortening of the femur; open
      reduction by an inferior approach to the joint; reconstruction of the acetabular
      roof; correction of anteversion of both the femoral neck and the neck-shaft
      angle; anterior transposition of the iliopsoas muscle. On 60 hips operated in
      children, ages 5 to 15 with a follow-up period, ranging from 5 to 9 years, the
      results were found to be excellent in 3 per cent, good in 60 per cent, fair in 30
      per cent, and poor in 7 per cent. The procedure is indicated in children up to
      the time of early puberty. The primary indication is high bilateral dislocation.
      In unilateral dislocations some residual leg-length discrepancy frequently
      occurs. This procedure should be done only by orthopedic surgeons who have
      special training and experience in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the
      hip.

PMID- 954326
TI  - Treatment of congenital hip dislocation by muscle release, skeletal traction and
      closed reduction in older children.
AB  - A method of treatment of congenital hip dislocation by preliminary multiple
      muscle releases around the hip, followed by skeletal traction, is employed for
      closed reduction and immobilization with long leg cast. In 29 hips treated during
      the period from 1961 to 1972, the results justify the method for treatment of
      children 3 to 11 years of age with neglected high posterior congenital hip
      dislocations. The main prerequisite for the procedure is a fairly well-developed
      acetabulum.

PMID- 954327
TI  - An evaluation of conservative and operative methods in the treatment of
      congenital hip dislocation.
AB  - An evaluation of different methods of closed reduction of dislocated hips during
      different periods of time shows that manual reduction and fixation in Lorenz
      position account for a high rate of avascular necrosis. Even with functional and
      slow reduction by Pavlik harness and overhead extension, there is still a certain
      percentage of femoral capital necrosis. The fetal position recommended by
      Fettweis and Salter seems to reduce the incidence of necrosis. Acetabuloplasty
      combined with detorsion-varus-ostcotomy provides the means of normalizing a hip
      joint with a greater degree of success than most other methods.

PMID- 954328
TI  - Overdiagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 548 cases of CDH diagnosed and treated immediately
      after birth in the city of Malmo, 90 per cent may not have developed manifest
      dislocation even without treatment when the expected incidence is taken into
      account. It could, however, be demonstrated from variables such as sex ratio,
      birth rank, fetal presentation and the size of the capital epiphyses that the
      entire group indeed had characteristics relating them to CDH. These
      characteristics were more obvious in coses with a firmly established diagnosis.
      Cases in whom the diagnosis could not be confirmed radiologically deviated less
      or not at all from the general population.

PMID- 954329
TI  - Total avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis in congenital
      dislocated hips.
AB  - Ninety-four hips involved with total avascular necrosis in the treatment of
      congenital dislocation of the hips were reviewed in a search for etiological
      factors and effective salvage procedures. Pre-reduction traction and adductor
      tenotomy did not prevent avascular necrosis. Abduction of the hip in the "frog"
      position was the incriminating common denominator. This position may cause (1)
      interference of the blood supply to the femoral head by compression of the medial
      branch of the deep profundus artery; and (2) pressure on the intraepiphyseal
      grooves by the glenoid labrum. The containment of the femoral head by
      acetabuloplasty (preferably) below age 8, followed at a later date (over age 10)
      by transfer distally of the greater trochanter, with the abductor muscles, offers
      a satisfactory salvage procedure.

PMID- 954330
TI  - Acetabular growth potential in congenital dislocation of the hip and some factors
      upon which it may depend.
AB  - The factors which determine the rate and amount of acetabular growth in
      congenital dislocation of the hip are ill-understood. A prospective radiological
      study has been devised in order to assess the influence of the age of congruity,
      femoral anteversion and neck/shaft angles on acetabular growth. To be included,
      the children must have reached at least 8 years of age. Those with associated
      congenital abnormalities and subluxation were excluded, as were those who had
      operations for acetabular reconstruction. Seventy-four hips were suitable for
      analysis, and the age range at follow-up was from 8 to 17 years. The acetabular
      angle was used as an index of acetabular growth. Measurement of this angle, and
      the anteversion and neck/shaft angles were made before, and each year after
      reduction of the hip. Congruity was assessed from a radiograph with the legs in
      the functional position. A satisfactory acetabulum was obtained in 44 hips and
      the mean age of congruity was 33 months; the acetabulum was unsatisfactory in 30
      hips, with a mean age of congruity of 48 months. Four years is the critical age,
      for if congruity is obtained later, the risk of producing a moderate or severely
      dysplastic acetabulum is more than doubled. If congruity is obtained under four
      years of age, growth of the acetabulum with continue in most patients up to 8 and
      in some to 11 YEARS OF age; the resulting acetabulum was normal or mildly
      dysplastic. Fifty-nine per cent of the satisfactory hips at follow-up had a
      normal anteversion angle, and 6 per cent a normal neck/shaft angle. Correction of
      these angles by themselves, seems not to be a major importance for promoting
      acetabular growth.

PMID- 954331
TI  - Recurrent abdominal pain in children. Reflections based on Apley's studies.

PMID- 954332
TI  - Hyponatremia and perforation of the bowel following a series of water enemas. A
      case report in a 14-month-old infant.

PMID- 954333
TI  - A case of Rubinstein--Taybi syndrome. Notes on some unusual manifestations, and
      an evaluation by Rubinstein.

PMID- 954334
TI  - Need for an improved standard for blood pressure cuff size. The size should be
      related to the diameter of the arm.

PMID- 954335
TI  - The serious implications of high fever in infants during their first three
      months. Six years' experience at Yale-New Haven Hospital Emergency Room.

PMID- 954336
TI  - Short-term group therapy for mothers of leukemic children. What professional
      staff can do to help parents cope with chronic illness.

PMID- 954337
TI  - Health accounting at the Wagner Child Health Station. A practical attempt at
      quality care assessment.

PMID- 954338
TI  - The frequency and types of other congenital anomalies in association with
      tracheoesophageal malformations. Radiologic studies of 83 such infants.

PMID- 954339
TI  - Accidental iron poisoning in childhood. Six cases including one fatality.
AB  - Between 1962 and 1973, six children were admitted to the Massachusetts General
      Hospital because of accidental iron poisoning. Intoxication was life-threatening
      in two children whose serum iron concentrations exceeded their iron binding
      capacities. One of these patients died despite intensive supportive care and
      desferoxamine therapy. Although iron poisoning appears to be relatively uncommon,
      it can produce life-threatening and fatal intoxication in children.

PMID- 954340
TI  - Scintillography in children's lung diseases. Some clinical observations.

PMID- 954341
TI  - Symposium on early detection and management of inborn errors. Foreword.

PMID- 954342
TI  - Hyperphenylalaninemias and tyrosinemias.

PMID- 954344
TI  - Branched chain ketoaciduria (maple syrup urine disease).

PMID- 954343
TI  - Congenital hyperammonemic syndromes.
AB  - Urea cycle disorders and other hyperammonemic syndromes should be considered in
      the differential diagnosis in newborns with a history of severe vomiting,
      lethargy, and seizures, and in infants with feeding problems, episodic vomiting,
      and altered consciousness. Although the acute neonatal forms of urea cycle
      disorders are almost always lethal, several of the subacute forms of
      hyperammonemic syndromes respond favorably to early treatment.

PMID- 954345
TI  - Sulfur amino acids, hyperglycinemia, and certain possibly benign conditions.

PMID- 954346
TI  - Digoxin bioavailability: formulations and rates of infusions.
AB  - The bioavailability of digoxin (lanoxin) tablets, oral aqueous solution of
      digoxin, and capsules containing a solution of digoxin was compared with digoxin
      given intravenously over 1 and 3 hr. The mean peak serum concentration of digoxin
      after the 1-hr intravenous infusion was 5 ng/ml, after the 3-hr infusion, 3.5
      ng/ml, and after the oral solution, 2.0 ng/ml. There was an equivalent
      bioavailability of the oral solution and reference tablets of digoxin. The
      digoxin in capsules tended to be better absorbed than the reference tablets.
      There was 21% more digoxin excreted over 6 days after the 3 hr iv infusion than
      after the 1 hr iv infusion. This indicates that the calculated bioavailability of
      an orally administered dose of digoxin may vary with the rapidity of injection of
      the intravenous standard. It is estimated that an oral tablet of digoxin of 0.5
      mg has about the same bioavailability as 0.35 of digoxin given by slow
      intravenous infusion (or 0.4 mg if calculated against a rapid intravenous
      injection).

PMID- 954347
TI  - Absolute quinidine bioavailability.
AB  - The absolute bioavailability of quinidine was studied in 11 hospitalized
      patients. A 400-mg dose of quinidine gluconate was administered to each patient
      by intravenous infusion and as an oral solution. Drug treatments were separated
      by a 72-hr period. In 8 patients, peak plasma quinidine concentrations were
      reached in 65 min after the oral dose; in the remaining 3 subjects, peak
      concentrations were reached later. From the ratio of the total area under the
      plasma concentration-time curves (AUCoral/AUCir), the absolute bioavailability of
      quinidine ranged from 44% to 89% (mean, 72). In 8 patients, the ratio of the
      total amount of quinidine excreted in the urine in 48 hr (AUinfinity
      oral/AUinfinity ir) indicated that the extent of quinidine bioavailability varied
      form 47% to 96% (mean, 73). The predicted bioavailability of quindine due to
      first-pass effects was 76+/-11%. It is concluded that absorption after the oral
      solution was rapid and that the reduction of quinidine bioavailability was due to
      first-pass hepatic drug removal.

PMID- 954348
TI  - Transient cardiac arrhythmias after single daily maintenance doses of digoxin.
AB  - Ten digitalized patients were monitored for detection of cardiac arrhythmias 0 to
      8 hr after daily maintenance dose of digoxin in the fasting state. Transient
      cardiac arrhythmias attributable to digoxin were seen at 2 to 5 hr in 5 subjects.
      Initial serum concentrations of digoxin were within standard clinical limits in
      all subjects, but, higher steady-state levels were present in patients with
      arrhythmias (1.2 to 1.7 ng/ml) than in the others (0.7 to 1.2 ng/ml). The
      postadministrative serum peak concentrations were also higher in the patients
      with arrhythmias.

PMID- 954349
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of naproxen overdoses.
AB  - In earlier safety studies, naproxen, 600 mg three times daily, was administered
      to healthy subject without significant adverse effects. Another study
      demonstrated that single doses of 500 to 900 mg resulted in accelerated renal
      clearance and a nonlinear naproxen plasma level response after the higher doses.
      Our report describes the pharmacokinetics of naproxen when administered in single
      doses of 1, 2, 3, or 4 gm (up to eight times the clinically effective dose in
      rheumatoid arthritis) to healthy subjects. An increase in urinary excretion rate
      and continuation of the previously documented nonlinear plasma level response
      were observed. There were no signs that capacity to conjugate or to excrete the
      drug was exceeded. There were no adverse effects.

PMID- 954350
TI  - Relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of procainamide.
AB  - The kinetics of a measure of pharmcologic effect (prolongation of the QT
      interval) of procainamide, as well as the kinetics of the plasma concentration,
      urine excretion, and saliva concentration of the drug were investigated in 14
      trials in 4 subjects. A single 500-mg dose was given by rapid intravenous
      infusion, and frequent subsequent determinations of the above variables were
      made. A 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model with a third compartment for the
      saliva was used to fit the plasma, urine, and saliva data simultaneously.
      Analysis of the data reveals that the kinetics of the drug concentrations in
      saliva and of the pharmacologic effect are indistinguishable. They both must be
      considered to be different from those of the drug concentrations in plasma. Thus,
      in normal individuals under the conditions of this study, saliva concentrations
      more precisely indicate the time-course of drug at a cardiac site of action,
      although they do not parallel plasma drug concentrations until 6 hr or more after
      a rapid intravenous infusion. The following average pharmacokinetic parameters
      for plasma were found: terminal half-life, 2.9 hr; total clearance, 828 ml/min;
      renal clearance, 334 ml/min; and steady-state volume of distribution, 180 L.
      Average distribution pseudoequilbrium half-time (t1/2 alpha) was 5.2 min from an
      initial volume of distribution of 36.6 L.

PMID- 954351
TI  - Influence of viral hepatitis on the disposition of two compounds with high
      hepatic clearance: lidocaine and indocyanine green.
AB  - The disposition of lidocaine and indocyanine green was studied in 6 individuals
      during and after recovery from an episode of acute viral hepatitis. Both
      compounds are highly cleared from the blood by the liver so that clearance of
      both should be sensitive to changes in hepatic blood flow. During the acute phase
      of illness, clearance of indocyanine green decreased without apparent change in
      volume of distribution, whereas clearance of lidocaine, decreased in 4, did not
      change in 1, and increased in 1 during the acute phase of hepatitis. Volume
      changes for lidocaine were also variable. We observed no significant correlation
      between any parameters of lidocaine disposition and any of several tests of liver
      function or any parameters of indocyanine green disposition. The absence of
      correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters of the disposition of lidocaine
      and indocyanine green indicates that the influence of hepatic disease on the
      hepatic processes that lead to the elimination of each compound is not
      predictable. No useful clinical correlates are now available by means of which to
      predict lidocaine disposition in patients with altered hepatic function.

PMID- 954352
TI  - Intrasubject variation of warfarin binding to protein in serum of patients with
      cardiovascular disease.
AB  - A study of 31 patients with cardiovascular disease who were taking warfarin
      regularly had shown pronounced intersubject differences in serum protein binding
      of warfarin and a highly significant correlation between the body clearance of
      warfarin and the free fraction of the drug in serum. Similar observations have
      been made in experimental animals and are consistent with predictions based on
      theoretical considerations. The purpose of this investigation was to determine
      the intrasubject variation in the free fraction of warfarin in serum. Samples of
      serum were obtained from 23 of the 31 patients previously studied. The time
      interval between the two studies was 3.4 to 5.7 mo. The daily dose of warfarin
      had been changed by 10.6% on the average. With two exceptions, there was no
      change in concurrent medications. The ratio of free fraction values of warfarin
      in serum, second/first study, was 0.948 +/- 0.297 (mean +/- S.D.), and there was
      a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between the individual free
      fraction values in the first and second studies.

PMID- 954353
TI  - Naltrexone: disposition, metabolism, and effects after acute and chronic dosing.
AB  - The disposition of naltrexone during acute and chronic administration of 100-mg
      oral dose was studied in 4 subjects. Following an acute dose the mean (X) peak
      naltrexone plasma level was 43.6 +/- 29.9 ng/ml at 1 hr and for the major
      biotransformation product, beta-naltrexol, was 87.2 +/- 25.0 ng/ml at 2 hr.
      Twenty-four hours after the dose the X levels of naltrexone and beta-naltrexol
      declined to 2.1 +/- 0.47 and 17.6 +/- 5.0 ng/ml, respectively. Following chronic
      administration and X peak plasma levels of naltrexone and beta-naltrexol rose to
      46.4 +/- 18.5 and 158.4 +/- 89.9 ng/ml at 1 hr, but by 24 hr both compounds
      declined to levels of the same order as in the acute state at 24 hr. Plasma
      levels of naltrexone and beta-naltrexol measured 24 hr after the daily doses of
      naltrexone throughout the study indicated that steady-state equilibrium was
      rapidly attained and that there was no accumulation of naltrexone and beta
      naltrexol in the plasma after chronic treatment on 100 mg oral doses.
      Biexponential kinetics were observed for naltrexone and beta-naltrexol in the
      first 24 hr. The half-life of naltrexone and beta-naltrexol decreased slightly
      from the acute to thechronic study from 10.3 +/- 3.3 to 9.7 +/- 1.1 hr and from
      12.7 +/- 2.6 to 11.4 +/- 2.0 hr. The plasma levels of naltrexone declined slowly
      from 24 through 72 hr from 2.4 to 1.7 ng/ml, with an apparent half-life of 96 hr.
      The renal clearance data indicate that naltrexone is partially reabsorbed while
      beta naltrexol is actively secreted by the kidney. During acute and chronic
      naltrexone administration the mean fecal excretion was 2.1% and 3.6% while
      urinary excretion was 38% and 70% of the dose in a 24-hr period. Opiate
      antagonism to 25 mg heroin challenges was nearly complete through 48 hr after
      naltrexone. At 72 hr the objective responses reappeared to a greater extent than
      the subjective ones. Correlation coefficient (r) between naltrexone plasma levels
      and opiate antagonism was 0.91 and between individual half-life of naltrexone and
      opiate antagonism it was 0.99.

PMID- 954354
TI  - The enantiomers of phenprocoumon: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies.
AB  - The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the optical enantiomers of
      phenprocoumon were studied in 5 normal subjects and compared to the racemic
      mixture. Each subject received a single oral dose of 0.6 mg/kg of racemic, S(-),
      and R(+) phenprocoumon. S(-) phenprocoumon was 1.6 to 2.6 times as a potent as
      R(+) phenprocoumon when the area under the effect/time curve was used to quantify
      the total anticoagulant effect per dose. Comparing the plasma concentrations that
      elicited the same anticoagulant effect, S(-) phenprocoumon was 1.5 to 2.5 times
      as potent as R(+) phenprocoumon. The anticoagulant activity of the racemic
      mixture was between that of the enantiomers. There was no distinct difference in
      the rate of elimination between the enantiomers. The apparent volume of
      distribution and the plasma clearance for S(-) phenprocoumon were less than those
      for R(+) phenprocoumon. When the binding of the enantiomers to human serum
      albumin was compared, S(-) phenprocoumon was more highly bound than R(+)
      phenprocoumon. The protein binding of racemic phenprocoumon was between that of
      the enantiomers. The results show that S(-) phenprocoumon is more potent
      anticoagulant than R(+) phenprocoumon and that the pharmacokinetic differences
      between the enantiomers are due mainly to differences in their distribution.

PMID- 954355
TI  - Paradoxical urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid in acute viral hepatitis.
AB  - The urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid and the plasma clearance of antipyrine
      were estimated during the acute phase of viral hepatitis and again during
      recovery. The plasma clearance of antipyrine was impaired during the acute stage
      of hepatitis, while the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid was paradoxically
      high. Both parameters returned to normal during recovery. These findings suggest
      that the use of urinary D-glucaric acid excretion as an index of microsomal
      enzyme induction is unreliable when there is liver injury.

PMID- 954356
TI  - Factors affecting antipyrine metabolism in West African villagers.
AB  - Saliva half-life of antipyrine was studied in 49 healthy Gambians between 20 and
      60 yr of age of whom 27 were male (mean age, 44.5) and 22 female (mean age,
      39.1). Body wieght, height, ponderal index, albumin, and hemoglobin were
      moderately reduced compared to accepted normal values. Antipyrine half-life was
      13.6 +/- 0.58 (SEM) hr. Multiple regression analysis showed that sex, cola nut
      consumption, hemoglobin in women, and height in men were statiscally significant
      independent predictors of antipyrine half-life. Half-life was shorter in women,
      decreased with an increase in height in men, and was prolonged by cola nut
      consumption. Half-life in women increased with hemoglobin. These factors
      explained 36% of the variation and suggest that geographic differences in the
      environment could be important in drug metabolism in man.

PMID- 954357
TI  - A method for measurement of angiotensin II in tissues and its application to rat
      kidney.
AB  - 1. A method for extraction, partial purification and radioimmunoassay of
      angiotensin II in tissues and application of the method to the kidneys of sodium
      deficient rats are described. 2. Angiotensin in acid-ethanol extracts of kidney
      were adsorbed on to a cation-exchange resin, eluted and further purified with an
      immobilized angiotensin II antiserum, before radioimmunoassay. 3. Thin-layer
      chromatography was used, in some experiments, to separate fmol amounts of
      angiotensin II from its immunoreactive peptide fragments before radioimmunoassay.
      4. Angiotensin II-immunoreactive material isolated from rat kidney resembled
      angiotensin II in many of its physicochemical properties and chromatographic
      mobility. 5. The concentration of immunoreactive material in kidney greatly
      exceeded that which could be accounted for by trapped blood and suggests that the
      peptide may have a local role in the organ.

PMID- 954358
TI  - The absorption of sugars from the human buccal cavity.
AB  - 1. Certain sugars were transported across the buccal mucosa by a carrier-mediated
      mechanism. 2. The metabolic loss of sugars from the mouth in a 5 min test period
      was negligible. 3. The buccal mucosal transport process was stereospecific for D
      glucose and L-arabinose. 4. The absorption of D-glucose, galactose and 3-O-methyl
      D-glucose was at least partly dependent on the presence of sodium ions in the
      luminal fluid. 5. The transport of D-glucose, was inhibited by galactose and 3-O
      methyl-D-glucose, suggesting at least one common carrier system.

PMID- 954359
TI  - Density-dependence of maximal expiratory flow rates before and after
      bronchodilators in patients with obstructive airways disease.
AB  - 1.Gas-density-dependence of maximal expiratory flow rats (V max), defined as the
      ratio of V max. while breathing helium/oxygen (80:20) to V max. while breathing
      air at the same lung volume, was examined in relation to other measurements of
      airways obstruction in patients with obstructive airways disease before and after
      administration of bronchodilators. 2. Seventeen patients showed a 45% or greater
      increase in specific conductance (sG aw) after bronchodilator therapy (group A)
      and thirteen patients demonstrated a lesser response (group B). 3. Before the
      administration of bronchodilators, the degree of obstruction in two groups was
      not different as measured by lung volumes, sG aw, forced expiratory volume in 1
      s, and flow rates high in the vital capacity; yet the maximal mid-expiratory flow
      rate and the degree of density-dependence were significantly lower in group B. 4.
      After bronchodilators, both groups of patients showed significant improvements in
      sG aw, flow rates and lung volumes. However, group A patients showed a signifcant
      increase in density-dependence whereas group B patients did not. 5. Increased
      density-dependence after bronchodilators in the group A patients was associated
      with an increase in the computed resistance of the upstream segment with air and
      a decrease in resistance with helium/oxygen. These changes could be explained by
      a more mouthward of equal pressure points, and therefore a further increase in
      the relative contribution of the larger density-dependent airways to limitation
      of flow. 6. The fact that density-dependence was not altered after
      bronchodilators in the group B patients suggests that the site of limitation of
      flow did not change appreciably. The shift in the pressure-flow curve for the
      upstream airways was such that the computed resistance of these airways fell.
      Thus it appears that the airways comprising the upstream segment were dilated.

PMID- 954360
TI  - Measurement of liver blood flow by means of a single injection of
      bromosulphthalein, without hepatic venous catheterization.
AB  - 1. A method is described for the measurement of liver blood flow without hepatic
      venous catheterization by the injection of the a single dose of bromosulphthalein
      and the analysis of the graph of the plasma disappearance of the indicator. 2.
      The rationale of the method was tested in three systems which covered a wide
      range of flow rates. The first system was a physical model with a haemodialyser
      in which the calculated flow could be compared with the flow measured directly.
      The second was in anesthetized dogs, in which the calculated flow was compared
      with that measured by continuous infusion and hepatic venous catheterization,
      based on the Fick principle. The third system was in unanaesthetized turkeys, in
      which metabolism of bromosulphthalein does not occur. The calculated flow was
      compared with the flow measured simultaneously by the uptake of collodial
      particles by the Kupffer cells. 3. In all three systems the correspondence
      between the two methods of measuring liver blood flow was good, the differences
      between them being not statistically significant. 4. The method has been applied
      to measurements of liver blood flow in man and animals and gives results
      comparable with those reported by other workers.

PMID- 954361
TI  - Comparison of renal blood flow and transit times measured by means of 99mTc
      labelled erythrocytes and Indocyanine Green in humans with normal and diseased
      kidneys.
AB  - 1. In nineteen patients with normal or diseased kidneys, renal blood flow,
      transit times and vascular volume were determined by means of an indicator
      dilution method. Two different indicators, plasma-bound Indocyanine Green (IG)
      and 99mTc-labelled erythrocytes, were used simultaneously. 2. Comparison of the
      results indicates that IG slightly overestimates renal blood flow, appearance
      time, mean transit time and vascular volume, as the erythrocyte/IG ratios
      averaged 0.972, 0.903, 0.93, and 0.921 respectively. Overestimation of the mean
      transit time was less apparent when it was prolonged. In patients with reduced
      renal function, the average blood flow values obtained with the two indicators
      were in good agreement. 3. It is unlikely that axial streaming of erythrocytes
      accounts for their shorter mean transit time, because the individual
      erythrocyte/IG mean transit time ratios were independent of the rate of blood
      flow and the peripheral packed cell volume. 4. Since the erythrocyte/IG mean
      transit time ratios correlated significantly with the erythrocyte/IG ratios for
      appearance time and renal blood flow, the common mechanism leading to a
      depression of all erythrocyte/IG ratios is presumably extravascular circulation
      and delayed recovery of a small fraction of IG.

PMID- 954362
TI  - The effect of cellulose phosphate on plasma and urinary magnesium at different
      levels of parathyroid function in man.
AB  - 1. Previously published data obtained by magnesium infusion in man were found to
      conform to a Tm/glomerular filtration rate (GFR) model on the assumption of 80%
      diffusibility of plasma magnesium. The lower limit of Tm,Mg/GFR was 625 mumol/l.
      2. Previously published data concerning the effect of cellulose phosphate on
      magnesium metabolism in normal subjects, patients with latent hypoparathyroidism
      and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were found to conform to the same
      model, with the same limit for Tm,Mg/GFR for all three levels of parathyroid
      function. 3. The threshold for magnesium excretion is sharper with less 'splay'
      than for phosphate, but as for phosophate it is close to the normal blood
      concentration. 4. Because of the geometrical relationship between different
      methods of presentation of data, at a constant value for Tm,Mg/GFR changes in
      magnesium load or in GFR automatically produce changes in fractional magnesium
      clearance. This is the explanation for the increase in fractional magnesium
      clearance which occurs which with diminishing renal function. 5. Renal
      conservation of magnesium is a passive consequence of the fall in plasma
      magnesium. There was no evidence of augmented tubular reabsorption of magnesium
      in response to magnesium deprivation in any of the three groups of subjects. 6.
      The tubular reabsorption of magnesium was not altered detectably by a moderate
      deficiency or excess of parathyroid hormore. Changes in parathyroid hormone
      secretion are probably not concerned in normal magnesium homeostasis.

PMID- 954363
TI  - Kinetics of hepatic uptake of unconjugated bilirubin.
AB  - 1. The uptake of bilirubin was studied in the perfused rat liver by a multiple
      indicator dilution technique employing the three-compartment model of Goresky. 2.
      The kinetics of hepatic bilirubin uptake could be described by the Michaelis
      Menten equation. 3. The maximal uptake velocity (V max.) and the apparent half
      saturation constant (Km) were 4-4 +/- 0-5 nmol s-1 g-1 of liver and 58 +/- 16
      nmol/g of liver respectively, indicating that the hepatic uptake system for
      bilirubin under normal conditions is operating far below saturation. 4. Sodium
      taurocholate did not compete with bilirubin for hepatic uptake. 5. These findings
      are consistent with the concept that carrier-mediated transport is responsible
      for hepatocellular uptake of bilirubin and that bilirubin and bile acids enter
      the hepatocyte via separate pathways.

PMID- 954364
TI  - Plasma enteroglucagon and plasma volume change after gastric surgery.
AB  - 1. The changes in plasma enteroglucagon concentration and plasma volume were
      measured after oral glucose in sixteen subjects before and forty-eight subjects
      after operative treatment for benign duodenal ulceration. Truncal vagotomy with a
      drainage procedure had been performed in sixteen of the postoperative subjects
      studied, selective vagotomy with a drainage procedure in seventeen, and partial
      gastrectomy in fifteen. 2. Patients in whom the glucose produced dumping symptoms
      had significantly greater enteroglucagon concentrations than those who were
      symptom-free, which confirms the results of a preliminary study. There was a
      highly significant correlation between the rate of rise of plasma volume. 3.
      There was no difference in the rate of rise or in peak plasma enteroglucagon and
      the rate of fall of plasma volume. 3. There was no difference in the rate of rise
      or in peak plasma enteroglucagon concentration between the groups of patients who
      had different operative procedures. This suggests that enteroglucagon release is
      not under vagal influence. 4. There was no apparent relation between the plasma
      enteroglucagon concentration and the time-interval between the operation and the
      time of study, which implies that the exaggerated release of enteroglucagon after
      operation occurs in response to the altered gastric physiology and that there is
      minimal adaptive change.

PMID- 954365
TI  - The kinetics of efflux of 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) from the
      myocardium.
AB  - 1. The efflux of 14C-labelled 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) from the
      myocardium of the rabbit has been studied. The perfusate pH was 7-38. 2. The
      effluent curve is complex and appears to be the resultant of movement between at
      least four compartments. 3. The first two probably represent intravascular and
      extracellular compartments; the last two have smaller rate constants and may
      represent intracellular spaces. Intracellular pH (pHi) calculated from the
      effluent curve was 7-23 +/- 0-05. pHi estimated from the steady-state
      distribution volume of DMO was 7-28 +/- 0-02. The existence of two intracellular
      compartments suggests that DMO is not homogeneously distrubted in the myocardium.
      It is suggested that the apparent greater buffering capacity of cardiac than
      skeletal muscle can be explained by the greater number and volume of mitochondria
      in the myocardium, compartmentalization of DMO and assumptions inherent in the
      DMO method for the measurement of pHi.

PMID- 954366
TI  - Nomogram for oxygen in gas mixtures at standard atmospheric pressure.

PMID- 954367
TI  - Bone-resorbing activity in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - 1. Foetal rat hemi-calvaria were incubated in organ culture with sera from
      patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. 2. Increased 45Ca resorption was
      produced by sera from patients who were hypercalcaemic. 3. This bone-resorbing
      effect could be inhibited by calcitonin.

PMID- 954368
TI  - Relationship of epicardial ST segment elevation to the plasma free fatty
      acid/albumin ratio during coronary occlusion in dogs.
AB  - 1. Intravenous infusions of lipid-free albumin were used to lower the arterial
      non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)/albumin ratio during coronary occlusion in
      dogs. 2. Reduction of the NEFA/albumin ratio was accompanied by proportionate
      reductions in myocardical uptake of NEFA and the degree of ST segment elevation
      in epicardial electrocardiographic recordings from the ischaemic zone. Aortic
      pressure and heart rate were unchanged. 3. Infusions of control albumin
      preparations had no effect on the NEFA/albumin ratio or ST segment elevation. 4.
      These observations support the proposition that the disturbance of cellular
      function during myocardial ischaemia is influenced by the degree of saturation of
      albumin-binding sites with NEFA and by their availability.

PMID- 954369
TI  - Letter: Sodium balance and responsiveness to angiotensin II.

PMID- 954370
TI  - How effective is safety packaging?
AB  - Of 96 ingestions involving safety packaging, 82% involved misuse. The package in
      some way was unacceptable to the consumer--it was too difficult to open or too
      difficult to close. Nonacceptance by the elderly was not a significant factor. In
      only 18% of the safety packaged ingestions, did the child upen the package. The
      child was more likely to be able to open the screw-cap and the strip-pack. The
      pop-off and press-lift were not opened by any child but were types misused only
      by parents. The older child with a record of prior poisoning was most likely to
      open a safety package. These children would appear to represent a hard core of
      risk subjects refractory even to safety packaging. Safety packaging has had a
      dramatic effect on the morbidity and mortality of accidental poisoning. There are
      two remaining problems that require further study: 1. The analysis of technical
      factors impeding consumer acceptance and child proofing. The ideal package is so
      easily handled by the adult that misuse does not occur, but is too difficult for
      the child to open. 2. The personality characteristics of the safety-package
      resistant child. Safety packaging, as implemented by the Comsumer Product Safety
      Commission, has had remarkable success. Education did not reduce accidental
      poisoning; safety packaging does. Pediatricians, pharmacists, and toxicologists
      must work with industry and the Consumer Product Safety Commission to complete
      the goal of elimination of accidental poisoning.

PMID- 954371
TI  - A procedure for drug screening without the need to transport urines: use of ion
      exchange papers and hemagglutination inhibition.
AB  - A procedure was devised for screening for drug abuse in urine specimens by
      adsorbing the drugs onto papers loaded with ion-exchange resin. The drugs were
      then eluted from the papers into aqueous saline buffers, which were analyzed by
      hemagglutination inhibition with antisera specific for morphine, methadone, or
      barbiturates. The procedure combines the convenience of the ion-exchange papers
      with the precision and sensitivity of the immunoassay. The preliminary treatment
      consists of local treatment of urine specimens collected at many distant clinics
      with ion exchange papers that adsorb 50-65% of alkaloid drugs and 25% of
      barbiturates and can be shipped, after drying, in simple envelopes by regular
      mail to a central analytical laboratory for processing. At the central
      laboratory, portions of specimens are reconstituted in aqueous saline buffers,
      while drugs from other portions are extracted with solvents at appropriate pH.
      Drugs are detected in the reconstituted aqueous media by hemagglutination
      inhibition and spectrophotofluorimetry and confirmed in the solvent extracts by
      thin-layer chromatography. Recovery of labeled drugs after this treatment and
      urine screening data showed that the procedure is safe, convenient, and reliable
      in the case of opiate alkaloids, methadone, amphetamines, and phenothiazine
      tranquilizers but is less suitable for detection of barbiturates.

PMID- 954372
TI  - Letter: Insect sting kit.

PMID- 954373
TI  - Letter: On the term "amphetamines".

PMID- 954374
TI  - Letter: On DDT levels.

PMID- 954375
TI  - Letter: Rotterdamsch Radio-Therapeutisch Instituut.

PMID- 954376
TI  - "Killer bees" largely a myth.

PMID- 954377
TI  - Gastrointestinal hormones.

PMID- 954378
TI  - Glucagon and insulin: a bihormonal system.

PMID- 954379
TI  - Geriatric primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs in a significant number of patients over 60
      years of age; about one-third of the 182 patients we studied were in this age
      group. Primary hyperparathyroidism has been recognized with greater frequency in
      recent years, particularly in patients without manifestations of renal lithiasis
      or osteitis fibrosa cystica and in older patients. Age alone is not critical in
      the occurrence of serious complications from hypercalcemia, the presence of other
      life-endangering disease, or the development of major postoperative complications
      in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism. A liberal but selective policy
      is advocated in advising operation for primary hyperparathyroidism in the
      elderly. Different clinical patterns of primary hyperparathyroidism are
      recognized in all age groups. The operative procedure for primary
      hyperparathyroidism is determined primarily by the surgeons at the time of
      operation, on the basis of gross characteristics of the parathyroid glands. A
      precise correlation is not found between microscopic changes, gross changes, and
      clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 954380
TI  - Management of the thyroid nodule.

PMID- 954381
TI  - Clinical use of the sulfonylurea drugs.

PMID- 954382
TI  - Corticosteroid therapy: pharmacology, indications, and adverse effects.

PMID- 954383
TI  - Acute adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 954384
TI  - Editorial: Endocrine disturbances.

PMID- 954385
TI  - Causes and diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.

PMID- 954386
TI  - Urokinase & streptokinase in pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 954387
TI  - Systemic consequences of acid-base disorders.
AB  - It is apparent that disturbances in acid-base equilibrium, particularly in the
      direction of acidosis, interfere with the normal physiologic function of a number
      of organs. While the effect on each organ system may not be severe, and while
      adequate compensatory mechanisms may come into play, cummulative involvement of a
      number of organs, especially when the changes are acute or left untreated, may
      prove fatal.

PMID- 954388
TI  - Editorial: Deep vein thrombosis.

PMID- 954389
TI  - Emergency treatment of the unconscious patient.

PMID- 954390
TI  - The symptons of depression.

PMID- 954391
TI  - Cluster headache.
AB  - Cluster headache is a relatively common form of vascular headache. Its
      characteristic clinical pattern should allow definitive diagnosis in the vast
      majority of cases. Extensive diagnostic evaluations are not indicated. Treatment
      is generally unsatisfactory but helpful in a number of cases. It has a limited
      natural history and is essentially a benign condition.

PMID- 954392
TI  - A brief program to upgrade the skills of community caregivers.
AB  - This paper describes a program to train community caregivers in mental health
      related skills. The goal of the program was to enhance the participants'
      knowledge of family intervention techniques and to produce more favorable
      attitudes toward family intervention. A quasi-experimental design was used to
      evaluate the program and is described in detail.

PMID- 954393
TI  - Unique contributions of churches and clergy to community mental health.
AB  - Good principles and practices of community mental health have been demonstrated
      by religious communities and leaders within these communities for many years.
      Using Caplan's model of primary-secondary-tertiary prevention, this paper
      articulates the unique and cooperative contributions of present-day religious
      institutions and personnel to the total community mental health endeavor. The
      validity of church's and clergy's involvement is supported by research data and
      is consistent with the social-psychological models of conceptualizing emotional
      problems. Consultation from mental health professionals can aid churches and
      clergy to actualize even more fully their contributions to community mental
      health.

PMID- 954394
TI  - Planning the phasedown of mental hospitals.
AB  - With impending fiscal shortages limiting the growth of new community mental
      health services and the ability of mental hospitals to perform contemporary tasks
      remaining dubious, increased attention is being directed throughout the country
      to the role of state hospitals. Citizens and professionals in Massachusetts
      concluded that the needs of individuals now treated in mental hospitals are
      better met via community-based services as they become available than by services
      now provided in state hospitals. Consequently, public mental hospitals should be
      phased down over a 5-year period of time and their funds redeployed to community
      services. Among the factors affecting the success of this program shift are
      continuity of care for discharged patients, community acceptance of the mentally
      ill, and redeployment of personnel to community facilities.

PMID- 954395
TI  - Contracting in crisis intervention.
AB  - The use of contracts in the social services is an important area that needs to be
      looked at. This paper is concerned specifically with the use of contracts in one
      particular part of social services: crisis intervention. Contracts that define
      the working relationship between the client and mental health counselor can be
      beneficial for both when they attempt to solve the problems that contributed to
      the crisis situation. There are five benefits to be gained from the use of
      contracts in crisis intervention and they are briefly discussed.

PMID- 954396
TI  - Performance of psychiatric hospital discharges in strict and tolerant
      environments.
AB  - Community mental health professionals are greatly concerned with the type of
      social environment most conducive to helping patients remain outside psychiatric
      institutions and improving the quality of their lives in the community. This
      paper examines the tolerance of deviance characterizing significant others in the
      patients' environment as it relates to community tenure and selected measures of
      performance and quality of life of the older patient in the community. A possible
      role is suggested for differential tolerance of deviance in the lives of patients
      discharged from psychiatric hospitals. Although it would appear that patients may
      return to the hospital at a higher rate from low tolerance environments, it may
      be that for patients who remain in the community, the quality of life may be
      better in low tolerance environments in terms of social interaction and life
      satisfaction. The deviance model is of value in the continuing efforts to
      understand the role of the social environment in the community life of discharged
      patients.

PMID- 954397
TI  - The adjunct consumer group.
AB  - Little by little, the community is becoming aware of the Weber Mental Health
      Center and PAAG. A recent study shows that the community approach leads to high
      visibility; PAAG activities were known by 37% of 1,000 people recently
      interviewed. This compares to 5%, 7%, and 15% having knowledge of other more
      traditional medical centers in Utah. It is felt that this approach is an
      important part in putting the community mental health center in proper
      perspective in the community. It is felt that the adjunct consumer group provides
      almost infinite flexibility to meet human needs. As a result, the Northern Utah
      Unit of the State Hospital will remain closed, largely because PAAG is serving
      the community.

PMID- 954398
TI  - Family therapy research in applied community settings.
AB  - This paper discusses family therapy research in applied settings and highlights
      those methodological issues relevant to the program evaluator as compared to
      those relevant to the basic researcher. Four general methodological issues are
      discussed: design adequacy, issues related to dependent measures, situational
      factors, and issues of generalization and duration of treatments. Two specific,
      well-validated applications of family therapy are elaborated; and finally several
      conclusions are drawn regarding future research strategies.

PMID- 954399
TI  - The mental health center's role in school consultation: toward a new model.
AB  - The 1965 Boston Conference on the Education of Psychologists for Community Mental
      Health recommended a broad movement into the field of education and the
      development of the consultation function in an array of settings. The coordinator
      of that conference--at which the term "community psychology" was coined--presents
      a model for extending and redefining the traditional mental health--school
      consultation model. In this model consultation that is reaction to an existent
      problem by the clinical "expert" is integrated with a comprehensive model of
      collaboration that moves in the direction of systems change. The concept is
      presented through a case history of successful school--mental health center
      collaboration, a documentation of a full consultation service program to a large
      school system.

PMID- 954400
TI  - Criteria for appropriate and inappropriate referrals to a crisis clinic.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop criteria for appropriate and
      inappropriate referrals by telephone counselors to a crisis clinic. Interviews
      were conducted with staff members and volunteers of the Suicide Prevention and
      Crisis Service to explore possible criteria for making a referral. Nine criteria
      for inappropriate referrals and eight criteria for appropriate referrals were
      established. Data were then collected from a larger sample of staff members and
      volunteers (N=56) in the form of a ranked-order questionnaire, and differences
      between the staff and volunteers were examined. Rankings were significantly
      different for only 2 of the 17 categories suggesting that there is general
      agreement between staff and volunteers on the criteria for appropriate and
      inappropriate referrals for counseling. Policy implications of the accepted
      criteria are discussed.

PMID- 954401
TI  - Impact of a personnel workshop on the behavior of support employees toward new
      patients in a psychiatric outpatient clinic.
AB  - Thirty new patients in a psychiatric outpatient clinic rated the friendliness,
      interest, politeness, and informativeness of three functionally distinct groups
      of support employees. Following a personnel workshop, designed to increase the
      ability to relate to clients and the understanding of patient problems, ratings
      were obtained from 30 additional new patients. The overall ratings were
      favorable, both before and after the workshop, for all employee groups on all
      behavior variables. One employee group received higher ratings than the other
      two, and the staff members were perceived by the patients as more informative
      than congenial. The workshop resulted in increased amicability and decreased
      informativeness.

PMID- 954402
TI  - An analysis of contingencies in the Appalachian coalfields.
AB  - The history of the Appalachian coalfields points to the inescapable conclusion
      that affluence and deprivation alternate according to the demand for coal in the
      national economy. Although this process has frequently been described, it has
      never been adequately or comprehensively conceptualized. If, however, the region
      is viewed in terms of contingencies selecting responses, it is possible to regard
      the population as operating according to a variable-interval schedule.
      Implications of such a schedule and recommendations for redesigning the
      contingencies are made.

PMID- 954403
TI  - A new laboratory minicomputer language for biomedical applications.

PMID- 954404
TI  - An information theoretic contingency table analysis of the Dorn study of smoking
      and mortality.

PMID- 954405
TI  - On-line electrogoniometric gait analysis.

PMID- 954406
TI  - The design of a real-time computer system for examining the electrical activity
      of the heart.

PMID- 954407
TI  - An automated on-line, real-time laboratory for single neuron studies.

PMID- 954408
TI  - A real-time software system on the PDP-11 for two-channel EEG spectral analysis
      during surgery.
AB  - Three functions are performed in real time by a stand-alone PDP-11-assembly
      language program. First two channels of EEG data are acquired by quantization
      techniques; second spectral analysis of the EEG data is carried out; third the
      resulting spectra are displayed as time compressed spectral profiles on an X-Y
      plotter. The method provides EEG time trends during anesthesia, permitting
      evaluation of brain functions.

PMID- 954409
TI  - MUMPS--an economical and efficient time-sharing system for information
      management.
AB  - MUMPS, the Massachusetts General Hospital Utility MultiProgramming System, is a
      compact time-sharing system for information management. This paper discusses the
      historical development of MUMPS and describes the basic modules found in its
      implementation. Detailed descriptions of the time-sharing executive, MUMPS
      language interpreter, input/output file system, and global data base are given,
      emphasizing their integration into an easy-to-use yet powerful system for
      application program design, development and maintenance.

PMID- 954410
TI  - Finding condensed descriptions for multi-dimensional data.
AB  - We describe two programs that may be used to find condensed descriptions for data
      available in a contingency table or in a covariance matrix in the case that these
      data follow a multinomial or a multivariate normal distribution, respectively.
      The programs perform a stepwise model search among multiplicative models by
      computing appropirate likelihood-ratio test statistics.

PMID- 954411
TI  - A discriminant analysis for qualitative data with interactions.
AB  - Two linkable computer programs have been developed for a discriminant analysis
      with qualitative variables, which permit taking into account 1st order
      interactions. The first program is used to estimate the parameters required in
      the second program. The second program allows a classification of new cases as
      well as an unbaised estimation of error rates.

PMID- 954412
TI  - Respiratory response of intact Gallus domesticus to sinusoidally varying inhaled
      carbon dioxide.
AB  - Sinusoidal variations of CO2 were applied to anesthetized White Leghorn cockerels
      enclosed in a body plethysmograph. Waveforms were 2.5% mean plus 2.5% peak sine
      wave CO2 in air, at frequencies of 0.011 to 0.467 rad/s. Reflex variation in
      tidal volume and respiratory interval in response to the inputs of sinusoidally
      varying fractional content of inhaled CO2 for nine points within the above range
      of driving frequencies were recorded breath-by-breath. A least squares best-fit
      procedure was used to estimate mathematical input-output relationships (transfer
      functions) between the outputs, tidal volume (VT) and respiratory interval (1/f),
      and the single input, inspired CO2 fraction. For VT, a three time constant model
      most closely fitted the data. Two time constants, 80 s and 3.9 s, were associated
      with negligible delay; the third, 14 s, has a 0.35 s time delay. Dynamics of VT
      and interval reflex responses differed significantly suggesting that they are
      regulated by separate mechanisms.

PMID- 954413
TI  - Parametric sensitivity analysis of a homeomorphic model for saccadic and vergence
      eye movements.
AB  - A non-linear sixth order homeomorphic model, fitted with parameters based on eye
      movements and physiological data, was tuned so that it provided good simulations
      for the shapes of the magnitude, velocity and acceleration trajectories.
      Excellent quantitative agreement was obtained in terms of the Main Sequence
      diagrams for human eye movements. Parametric sensitivity analysis was done for a
      saccade of ten degree amplitude, a physiologically normal magnitude at which
      experimental data is both abundant and relatively noise free. Among the many
      useful results of this sensitivity analysis are that pulse width (PW) and pulse
      height (PH) were confirmed as the two controlling parameters for the human eye
      movement model. Output behavior was relatively insensitive to variations of the
      passive elements of the plant. This analysis also pointed out that more
      physiological data are needed to understand the role of the non-linear force
      velocity relationship of the extraocular muscles.

PMID- 954414
TI  - Interactive editing of biomedical data.
AB  - Editing options of an interactive graphical-biometry statistical system are
      described. A method for screening using a highly reduced data file is
      illustrated. By utilizing properties of sample Fourier coefficients, the problem
      of component overlap can be resolved. This, in turn, tends to free edited
      statistical information from the contamination or truncation inherent in the
      usual screening process.

PMID- 954415
TI  - Digital simulation of the membrane voltages and currents in nerve and muscle
      fibers.
AB  - This paper describes digital computer simulations of the membrane voltages and
      currents in axons and muscle fibers. The simulations, which allow calculations
      ona nonuniform fiber, are based on the discrete Hodgkin-Huxley and Falk-Fatt
      equations. An efficient algorithm is used to solve the set of equations
      generated. Calculations are made of the voltage and current at the natural end of
      a muscle fiber and the results are compared with measurements by other
      investigators.

PMID- 954416
TI  - Instability in a hippocampal neural network.
AB  - Four computer models, HM1-HM4, of a particular hippocampal neural network have
      been developed. The models represent two cell populations, the pyramidal cells
      and the basket cells; the populations are coupled so that pyramidal cells are
      inhibited by activity they excite in the basket cell population. In models HM2
      HM4, this recurrent inhibitory pathway contains a temporal dispersion element.
      Models HM3-HM4 place the pyramidal cells in an additional recurrent excitatory
      feedback loop. HM4 represents a pair of interacting hippocampal networks.
      Simulated network responses to single-shock stimulation are presented for various
      parameter values of the four models. Calculations are extended more than one
      second following stimulation. Particular attention is given to simulation of
      network instabilities. Simulated neural activity is discussed in view of
      experimental work on normal (nonepileptogenic) and epileptogenic hippocampal
      cortex.

PMID- 954417
TI  - The geometry of the Hodgkin-Huxley Model.
AB  - The Hodgkin-Huxley model for the "space-clamped" (i.e., having variables
      independent of position) squid giant axon is described by a system of four
      coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In this study, the behavior
      under various conditions of the solution vector of these equations is predicted
      qualitatively. This is done by studying the geometry of the phase space of an
      approximation to the four dimensional system obtained by assuming that the two
      "rapid" components of the system, V and m, are described by algebraic rather than
      differential equations. Using this method, known properties of the solution of
      the Hodgkin-Huxley equation, such as threshold, repeated oscillation under
      constant current stimulus, etc., are explained qualitatively. The direct relation
      between the Hodgkin-Huxley equations and simpler systems such as the Fitz Hugh
      equations, which have been used as an aid to the understanding of the Hodgkin
      Huxley model, is examined. The roles of the various activation and inactivation
      components of the Hodgkin-Huxley model are clarified and the effect of
      modification of those components is studied.

PMID- 954418
TI  - Comparison of electrical activity and behavioral correlates of neural networks in
      the cat and locust.
AB  - Extensive experimental data are available on the neural activity and behavioral
      correlates of specific networks in the locust and in the cat and rabbit. Two
      networks were selected for comparison, one involving visual movement detector
      interneurons in the locust and the second a hippocampal network in mammals. Both
      networks receive inputs correlated with motor activity. Each network was
      simulated using CSMP, a Continuous Systems Modeling program developed initially
      by IBM. Signals along the two simulated networks were calculated when similar
      inputs were applied. In addition, approaches toward relating behavior to neural
      activity were compared in the two networks.

PMID- 954419
TI  - Gynecologic cancer detection and management.

PMID- 954420
TI  - Ejaculatory incompetence.

PMID- 954421
TI  - The influence of environmental factors on maternal and neonatal blood lead
      levels.

PMID- 954422
TI  - Unusual scan presentations of splenic rupture.

PMID- 954423
TI  - Medical ethics, the art and science of medicine.

PMID- 954424
TI  - Checks and balances stymie title XX confidentiality threats.

PMID- 954425
TI  - Titles of hospital administrators.

PMID- 954426
TI  - Consumer versus provider: rights and responsibilities.

PMID- 954427
TI  - Is the medical advertising writer an endangered species?

PMID- 954428
TI  - Coronary artery surgery--past, present and future: need for randomized trial.

PMID- 954429
TI  - Noninvasive radionuclide imaging in the patient with cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 954430
TI  - A realistic appraisal of what echocardiography can deliver: rational guidelines
      for clinical use.

PMID- 954431
TI  - Cardiovascular exercise physiology and stress testing.

PMID- 954433
TI  - Accident proneness or accident liability: which model for industry?

PMID- 954432
TI  - Physical conditioning as therapy for angina pectoris.

PMID- 954434
TI  - Rating pediatric house officer performance.

PMID- 954435
TI  - The care of the patient.

PMID- 954436
TI  - Mortality by socioeconomic levels.

PMID- 954437
TI  - Editorial: Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

PMID- 954438
TI  - Persistent cecal dilatation in a lactating dairy cow.
AB  - Cecal dilatation in cattle is usually manifested by a syndrome of intestinal
      obstruction requiring surgical intervention. A patient is presented persistent
      dilatation of the cecum for ten months without evidence of impaired appetite or
      milk production. The initial clinical signs, progress of the case, and laboratory
      data are described.

PMID- 954439
TI  - Preliminary investigation of the life history of Filaroides hirthi Georgi and
      Anderson, 1975.
AB  - Filaroides hirthi lungworm infection increased as a function of age among 47, 9
      to 32 week old Beagle pups at a commercial breeding establishment. Probit
      analysis of these data yielded an estimate of 50% infection was by age 17.4 +/-
      3.7 weeks. This parasite and/or its associated lesions remained in at least 40%
      of infected Beagles at least 10 months after exposure to infection had ceased.
      Reinfection rendered improbable by the nature of the new environment, a
      laboratory animal colony. Repeated efforts have failed to demonstrate by the
      Baermann technique eggs or larvae of this parasite in the feces, bronchial mucus,
      or intact lung tissue of infected Beagles. All efforts to identify an
      intermediate or alternate definitive hosts have likewise proved unavailing.
      Piperazines, dichlorvos, thiabendazole, dithiazanine iodide, and levamisole
      appear to be without effect on the proportion of Beagles infected. The diet,
      which contained uncooked meat, was fed in a controlled experiment to 10 Beagles
      from an uninfected source without producing a single case of F. hirthi infection.
      Life cycles of other members of the superfamily Metastrongyloidea and possible
      explanations for the non-patency of F. hirthi infection are discussed.

PMID- 954440
TI  - Analysis of the microfilarial periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis.
AB  - Microfilarial periodicity displayed by dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis was
      analyzed using the methematical model proposed by Sasa and Tanaka (S.E. Asian J.
      Trop. Med. and Pub. Health 4, 1974, 518-536) except that Pearson's product-moment
      correlation test was substituted for their Chi-square analysis to estimate
      goodness of fit. Samples were drawn at 3 hour intervals for periods of 24 or 48
      hours in a series of 10 studies conducted on 4 dogs. No significant differences
      were observed in microfilarial concentration between samples of venous and
      cutaneous capillary blood. Significant correlation of observed microfilarial
      densities with the values predicted by the model were observed in 7 of the 10
      studies with r2 values ranging from 78.8 to 95.3%. The periodicity index ranged
      from 28.33 to 53.50 in these 7 studies and thus fell in the subperiodic category.
      The estimated hour of peak microfilarial density was not confined to the late
      afternoon as generally believed; for example, values of 04:00 and 22:00 hours
      were observed. Thus D. immitis microfilaremia cannot accurately be characterized
      either as diurnal or as nocturnal. Observation of the behavior of the
      experimental dogs led to an hypothesis that emotional and environmental stresses
      placed on the host may induce transients in the microfilarial density that may
      overwhelm or obscure the periodicity function.

PMID- 954441
TI  - A serological and bacteriological survey of canine brucellosis in Mexico.
AB  - Using agglutination procedures, 203 human and 500 dog sera collected in Mexico
      City were tested for canine brucellosis. Blood samples from the 500 dogs also
      were cultured for Brucella canis (B. canis). Positive agglutination titers (1:100
      or greater) were found in 27 (13.3%) of the human and 140 (28.0%) of the dog sera
      tested. B. canis was isolated from the blood of eight dogs. The disease was
      experimentally produced in susceptible dogs by inoculation with one of the
      isolated strains.

PMID- 954442
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia in horses.
AB  - The clinical and necropsy findings of three cases of diaphragmatic hernia
      admitted to Ontario Veterinary College between September 1973 and August 1974 are
      described. The physical signs of these and other reported cases are discussed, as
      are methods of diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis is best arrived at by exploratory
      laparotomy.

PMID- 954443
TI  - Yeasts in bovine semen.
AB  - A total of 129 semen samples from 62 bulls were examined for the presence of
      mycelial yeasts. Nine species of mycelial yeasts were obtained from the semen;
      Candida parapsilosis and C. tropicalis were the most frequently isolated
      organisms. Semen samples from 30 of the bulls had mycelial yeasts present.

PMID- 954444
TI  - Cuterebra encephalitis in a dog.
AB  - Encephalitis was diagnosed in a 3 1/2-month-old puppy, based on neurological
      signs, and cerebrospinal fluid examinations. Verminous encephalitis from a
      migrating Cuterebra sp. larva in the right cerebral hemisphere was confirmed at
      necropsy.

PMID- 954445
TI  - 28Mg kinetics in ewes fed normal or tetany prone grass.
AB  - Balance studies and a kinetic evaluation of magnesium metabolism with 28Mg were
      performed on 6 non pregnant ewes, fed first a young normal dried grass, then
      frozen tetany prone grass. After changing to the tetany prone grass, there was a
      small drop in blood Mg and a significant urinary decrease of Mg. Mg balance and
      endogenous fecal excretion were not significantly modified. Total output of Mg
      from the pool was reduced. The release of Mg from slow exchanging tissues was
      very low in tetany prone grass fed ewes. The results suggest that hypomagnesemia
      in ewes fed tetany prone grass could possibly be related to a shift of body
      magnesium from blood to some other tissue.

PMID- 954446
TI  - A comparison of aphasic and non-brain-injured adults on a dichotic CV-syllable
      listening task.
AB  - A dichotic CV-syllable listening task was administered to a group of eleven non
      brain-injured adults and to a group of eleven adult aphasics. The results of this
      study may be summarized as follows: 1)The group of non-brain-injured adults
      showed a slight right ear advantage for dichotically presented CV-syllables. 2)In
      comparison with the control group the asphasic group showed a bilateral deficit
      in response to the dichotic CV-syllables, superimposed on a non-significant right
      ear advantage. 3) The asphasic group demonstrated a great deal of intersubject
      variability on the dichotic task with six aphasics showing a right ear preference
      for the stimuli. The non-brain-injured subjects performed more homogeneously on
      the task. 4) The two subgroups of aphasics, a right ear advantage group and a
      left ear advantage group, performed significantly different on the dichotic
      listening task. 5) Single correct data analysis proved valuable by deleting
      accuracy of report for an examination of trials in which there was true
      competition for the single left hemispheric speech processor. These results were
      analyzed in terms of a functional model of auditory processing. In view of this
      model, the bilateral deficit in dichotic performance of the asphasic group was
      accounted for by the presence of a lesion within the dominant left hemisphere,
      where the speech signals from both ears converge for final processing. The right
      ear advantage shown by one asphasic subgroup was explained by a lesion
      interfering with the corpus callosal pathways from the left hemisphere; the left
      ear advantage observed within the other subgroup was explained by a lesion in the
      area of the auditory processor of the left hemisphere.

PMID- 954447
TI  - Aphasics' sentence repetition behavior as a funciton of grammaticality.
AB  - Twenty asphasics repeated grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. Ungrammatical
      sentences were characterized by violations of syntactic and/or semantic
      structure. Aphasics repeated accurately more grammatical than ungrammatical
      sentences. Ungrammatical sentences with violations of syntactic structure were
      repeated less accurately than those with preserved syntax. Aphasics' repetition
      errors were classified as: incorrect repetition, inapropriate correction,
      morphological error, lexical deletion and substitution responses. Repetition
      errors appeared to result from performance deficits, such as reduced retention
      span and physiological limitations of the speech musculature. Results suggest
      that asphasics are to some extent guided by a greater residual linguistic
      knowledge or competence than might be inferred from their spontaneous production.

PMID- 954448
TI  - Personality factors in jargon aphasia.
AB  - The personality background of 20 patients with jargon aphasia was compared to
      that of a standard aphasia group with particular reference to features of the so
      called anosognosic personality; denial or marked overt fear of illness and strong
      work orientation. Such attitudes toward illness were found in 19 of 20 jargon
      subjects, and seven of the comparison group. Nineteen of the jargon patients and
      eleven of the non-jargon asphasics were described as highly work oriented. The
      premorbid personality was also significantly related to the type of denial of the
      speech deficit, and to related aspects of behavior. Patients with strong
      premorbid denial explicitly and completely denied their asphasic deficits, and
      were affable, bland or unconcerned. Patients with a history of overt fear of
      illness had implicit or mixed forms of denial, and showed disturbed, agitated,
      paranoid and often psychotic behavior. The type of denial is thus related not
      only to premorbid personality, but to observable behavior in hospital. The
      observations are regarded as providing additional evidence for the view that
      jargon may be regarded as "anosognosic aphasia," and represents not only a
      linguistic deficit, but an adaptation to the deficit.

PMID- 954449
TI  - The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon in aphasia.
AB  - Forty-two male aphasics, classified as Broc's, Wernicke's, anomic, and
      conduction, were examined for their ability to partially retrieve acoustic
      features of words they could not provide in a confrontation naming task (the "tip
      of-the-tongue" phenomenon). The results indicated that conduction aphasics were
      superior to Wernicke's and anomic asphasics in their ability to identify both the
      first letter and the syllabic length of the words they could not name. Since the
      aphasic groups were comparable in their naming difficulty, the findings could not
      be attributed to degree of wordfinding impairment. The difference between groups
      that were obtained using the TOT technique are discussed with regard to
      differences in the word finding process.

PMID- 954450
TI  - [A case of bilateral lesions in the temporal convexity: attempt to define
      symptoms].
AB  - The case is reported of a boy aged 15 who suffered a bilateral lesion of the
      temporal convexity after a brain traumatism; he died 5 years later and the
      symptoms during that period are described. The clinical picture is adequately
      described neither under the title of dementia, nor under that of aphasia. The
      concept of an abolition involving the systems of cultural mediation (linguistic,
      technical) is introduced. The status of echolalia and echo-praxia is discussed.

PMID- 954451
TI  - [A case of bilateral lesions in the temporal convexity: attempt to define
      symptoms].

PMID- 954452
TI  - Short-term recognition memory in relation to severity of head injury.
AB  - Short-term recognition memory for random shapes was studied in 24 patients with
      head injury. The severity of head injury as indexed by duration of coma was
      closely related to impairment in performance. Disruption of short-term
      recognition memory was associated with neurologic deficit, asphasic disturbance,
      and signs of brain stem involvement. Performance was not related to association
      value of the shapes irrespective of linguistic competence. The findings are
      discussed in relation to recent studies of continuous recognition memory after
      head injury and hypotheses concerning neurological dysfunction in head injury.

PMID- 954453
TI  - Grammatical intuitions of aphasic patients: sensitivity to functions.

PMID- 954454
TI  - Editorial: Right and left ventricular ejection fraction. Measurement by
      radionuclide angiocardiography in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 954455
TI  - Editorial: The solitary nodule. The other side of the coin.

PMID- 954456
TI  - Editorial: Who should supervise respiratory intensive care units?

PMID- 954457
TI  - Editorial: Wegener's granulomatosis: what's in a name?

PMID- 954458
TI  - The coin lesion story: update 1976. Twenty years' experience with thoracotomy for
      179 suspected malignant coin lesions.
AB  - We reviewed 179 patients who had undergone thoracotomy and resection of a
      suspected malignant coin lesion of the lung over the past 20 years to see if a
      policy of early thoracotomy was therapeutically valid. The average diameter of
      all lesions was 1.6 cm; the average diameter of 27 malignant lesions (15 percent)
      was 1.8 cm. Follow-up of the 27 patients with malignant neoplasms was 100
      percent. The present survival rate of the 19 patients with primary lung cancer is
      89 percent (17/19). Of 12 cases of primary lung cancer followed for five years,
      ten (83 percent) survived. The five-year survival of the eight patients with
      metastatic lesions was 25 percent (2/8). There were no postoperative deaths and
      few serious postoperative complications (four patients or 2 percent). Very small
      primary lung cancers detected and treated early do have the same poor prognosis
      as larger primary cancers.

PMID- 954459
TI  - Clavicular Auscultation. Preferential clavicular transmission and amplification
      of aortic valve murmurs.
AB  - Clavicular transmission of aortic valve murmurs was investigated in 15
      consecutive patients. In all patients, transmission to the clavicle of aortic
      systolic murmurs was detected both by auscultation and by phonocardiographic
      studies. Of seven patients with aortic diastolic murmurs, auscultation revealed
      clavicular transmission in six, but only four were recordable. There was
      increased murmur amplitude over the clavicle in 13 out of 15 cases. In contrast,
      murmurs were attenuated over the subclavian artery in eight out of nine and over
      the carotid artery in nine out of 11 patients. We conclude that clavicular
      auscultation regularly discloses aortic valve murmurs. The aortic systolic
      murmurs are consistently propagated to the clavicle, where they are usually
      conspicuously amplified. Aortic systolic murmurs are less frequently transmitted
      to the carotid and subclavian arteries, where they are usually considerably
      attenuated. Clavicular auscultation appears to be more rewarding than the
      traditional search for transmission of aortic murmurs to the carotid artery.

PMID- 954460
TI  - A test of the practical value of estimating breath sound intensity. Breath sounds
      related to measured ventilatory function.
AB  - Each of four examiners performed standardized physical examinations on a group of
      patients who had just undergone tests of ventilatory function. The intensity of
      breath sounds heard with deep inspiration was graded on a rating scale of 0 to 4;
      the grades in six areas of the chest were added to give a total score, with
      possible values ranging from 0 to 24. Correlation of breath-sound scores with
      percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was
      significant at the 1 percent level for all of the examiners. Differences between
      the examiners in their assessment of breath sounds were not statistically
      significant. Grading the loudness of breath sounds was a poor screening test for
      mild ventilatory abnormality, but normal breath sounds nearly excluded the
      possibility of severe reduction in the FEV1. Definitely reduced breath-sound
      intensity was strong evidence for the presence of obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 954461
TI  - The prognosis of sarcoidosis in children.
AB  - Of 28 children with sarcoidosis, who have a mean follow-up period of
      approximately nine years, five (18 percent) have sustained severe damage from the
      disease. Two of these patients suffer from blindness, and three others have
      severe restrictive pulmonary disease. There has so far been no fatality. The
      presence of cutaneous lesions suggests a guarded prognosis, but the effectiveness
      of corticosteroid therapy cannot be accurately determined. The degree of
      pulmonary involvement evident on the chest x-ray film at the time of diagnosis is
      not always indicative of the ultimate prognosis.

PMID- 954462
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of double-outlet right ventricle.
AB  - An echocardiographic technique (V scan) for confirming the diagnosis of double
      outlet right ventricle is described. The technique demonstrates a frequent
      pathologic feature of double-outlet right ventricle, ie, origin in both great
      arteries side by side and anterior to the ventricular septum. The V scan offers
      greater diagnostic accuracy than the mere demonstration of mitral-semilunar
      valvular discontinuity.

PMID- 954463
TI  - Value of serial apexcardiograms during and after myocardial infarction.
AB  - Apexcardiograms were systematically recorded serially in 40 patients after acute
      myocardial infarction, in an additional 21 patients with proven aneurysms, and in
      18 patients with good ventricular performance following myocardial infarction.
      Abnormalities of the "A" wave and systolic waves of the apexcardiogram correlated
      well with akinesia or dyskinesia proven by cinefluoroscopic and cineangiographic
      studies. Third and fourth heart sounds and apical systolic murmurs also
      correlated well with evidence of ventricular dysfunction. This study indicates
      that the apexcardiogram is a good qualitative tool for serially assessing
      patients following acute myocardial infarction and that the results on invasive
      study may be predicted in most patients.

PMID- 954464
TI  - Multiple lesions of the conduction system in a case of cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma
      with complex arrhythmias. An anatomic and clinical study.
AB  - Anatomic and electrocardiographic correlations in a case of primary cardiac
      rhabdomyosarcoma are examined. Interatrial and atrioventricular conduction
      disturbances were associated with multiple lesions involving the alleged
      internodal pathways, together with atrial-atrioventricular nodal connections. The
      clinicopathologic findings seem to be consistent with the hypotheses of the
      functional and morphologic value of Bachmann's fascicle, and of the inherent
      pathways of interatrial and internodal conduction in health and disease.

PMID- 954465
TI  - The right carotid arterial fourth heart sound.

PMID- 954466
TI  - Limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - A 40-year-old man had a pathologically proved limited form of Wegener's
      granulomatosis complicating recurrent and massive hemoptysis from his cavitary
      pulmonary lesion. Of significant interest and clinical importance is the unusual
      location of the patient's pulmonary lesion, occurring in the posterior segment of
      the right upper lobe. This experience demonstrates that the location of the
      pulmonary nodule is not necessarily useful in distinguishing Wegener's
      granulomatosis from infectious granulomatosis, particularly tuberculosis.

PMID- 954467
TI  - Pulmonary botryomycoma.
AB  - A patient with a mobile mass of anaerobic organisms in the pulmonary parenchyma
      is presented. Radiographically it resembled a fungous ball. This observed
      botryomycoma may be part of the spectrum of aspiration pneumonia.

PMID- 954468
TI  - Recurrent ventricular tachycardia due to reentry within the bundle branches.
AB  - A case of recurrent ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia in a young man without
      obvious heart disease is described. Posttachycardiac T-wave inversion followed
      the arrhythmic episodes. Programmed stimulation of the heart in association with
      intracardiac recordings showed evidence in favor of reentry within the bundle
      branches and its divisions during tachycardia. A critical prolongation of the H2
      V3 interval preceded each paroxysm of tachycardia.

PMID- 954469
TI  - Modified exclusion technique for complicated esophageal perforation.
AB  - A case of complicated spontaneous esophageal perforation is presented. The
      control of gastroesophageal reflux by esophageal banding appears to be a crucial
      factor in healing. Using a modified esophageal exclusion technique without
      sacrifice of the esophagus proves to be both effective and lifesaving.

PMID- 954470
TI  - Prophylactic irradiation of the lung in Ewing's sarcoma.
AB  - A patient with Ewing's sarcoma of the left scapula received prophylactic
      radiotherapy to the left lung following wide excision of the tumor. While the
      left lung remained free of tumor, there was metastatic invasion of the right lung
      within ten months of the initial diagnosis of the disease. Since Ewing's sarcoma
      frequently metastasizes to the lungs, it is suggested that prophylactic
      irradiation of the lung may be of value in the prevention of metastases.

PMID- 954471
TI  - Pulmonary varices. Report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Two cases of pulmonary varices are presented. The lesion is rare, and only 32
      cases have been reported in the literature. Although the lesion is benign in
      nature, complications are possible, and death has occurred from rupture of the
      varix intrapleurally or into the bronchial tree.

PMID- 954472
TI  - Striking electrocardiographic changes associated with pheochromocytoma.
      Masquerading as ischemic heart disease.
AB  - A patient with pheochromocytoma presented striking electrocardiographic changes
      mimicking ischemic heart disease at one time and acute pulmonary embolism at
      other times. Diffuse left ventricular hypokinesia was demonstrated in the
      presence of normal coronary arteries. Following removal of the pheochromocytoma,
      the electrocardiographic abnormalities disappeared.

PMID- 954473
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of thrombus on a heterograft aortic valve in the
      mitral position.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies were used to diagnose a thrombus adherent to the
      ventricular surface of a stent-mounted porcine aortic heterograft valve in the
      mitral position. Multiple, intense, irregularly thickened echoes were present
      within and behind the anterior and posterior heterograft valvular stent. This
      suggested the presence of adherent biologic material, such as a thrombus. The
      abnormal echocardiographic findings are compared to the findings in a normally
      functioning porcine heterograft aortic valve in the mitral position.

PMID- 954474
TI  - Sudden disappearance of electrocardiographic pattern of anteroseptal myocardial
      infarction. Result of superimposed acute posterior myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a 76-year-old man an electrocardiographic pattern of acute anteroseptal
      myocardial infarction disappeared suudenly. At necropsy, a more recent posterior
      myocardial infarct was found, in addition to an acute anteroseptal infarct.
      "Normalization" of the electrocardiogram from the pattern of anteroseptal
      myocardial infarction in this case resulted from the loss of opposing
      electromotive forces in the posterior wall because of posterior infarction.

PMID- 954475
TI  - A diagnosable coin lesion.

PMID- 954476
TI  - Letter: Does prohibition of laetrile interfere with freedom of choice?

PMID- 954477
TI  - Letter: Treatment for malignant pleural effusions.

PMID- 954478
TI  - Letter: Pacemaker rate increase.

PMID- 954479
TI  - Letter: Thermal monitoring in continuous mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 954480
TI  - Letter: Thoracic duct cyst of the mediastinum.

PMID- 954481
TI  - Influence of immunosuppression on the action of antimycobacterial drugs in
      experimental tuberculosis. I. Effects of isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin
      on the survival of tuberculous mice immunosuppressed by azathioprine (Imuran).
AB  - The influence of the host immunosuppression on antimycobacterial effects of
      isoniazid, rifampicin or streptomycin was studied on animal models. Differences
      in survival rates of mice influenced or uninfluenced by azathioprine (Imuran) and
      exposed to six applications of antituberculous drugs (given once a day in the
      monotherapy) were statistically evaluated. The dose-dependent antimycobacterial
      effects of rifampicin or isoniazid were not significantly altered by the
      immunosuppression of the host. In contrary to that definite dose-dependent effect
      of streptomycin, observed in azathioprine-uninfluenced mice, cannot be confirmed
      in immunosuppressed mice in which no effect of streptomycin on the survival of
      tuberculous mice could be estimated.

PMID- 954482
TI  - Treatment of human leptospira infections with semicillin (ampicillin) or with
      amoxil (amoxycillin).
AB  - Ampicillin (Semicillin) and Amoxycillin (Amoxil) have a strong leptospirocidal
      effect in vitro and also in vivo. We have tested these drugs on 28 patients
      suffering from Leptospira infection. The patients generally received per os 3 g
      Ampicillin (Semicillin) or 2 g Amoxycillin (Amoxil) per day over a period of 6
      days. In the groups treated with Ampicillin and Amoxycillin the average durations
      of fever during the treatment were 1.6 and 1.2 days, respectively. In the first
      group (Ampicillin) a 'second wave of fever' occurred in one case (5%) and in the
      second group (Amoxycillin), in 0% (as compared to 22% after treatment with
      benzylpenicillin). On the basis of our experiences, Ampicillin and Amoxycillin
      are strongly recommended for the treatment of human Leptospira infections.

PMID- 954483
TI  - Distribution of sulfonamides and sulfonamide potentiators between red blood
      cells, proteins and aqueous phases of the blood of different species.
AB  - The uptake of sulfonamides and sulfonamide potentiators by plasma albumin, red
      blood cells and hemoglobin of man, ox, rabbit and mouse has been determined. From
      the figures obtained the distribution of these compounds between cells,
      macromolecules and aqueous phases of blood has been calculated. In most cases
      more than 50% of a total sulfonamide in blood is bound to plasma albumin. The
      time necessary for establishment of concentration equilibrium of the drugs
      investigated between erythrocytes and surrounding medium varies between a few
      seconds and several minutes, differences between the species being encountered.
      Hemoglobin binding of the drugs is much smaller than albumin binding.
      Nevertheless, drug concentration within the erythrocytes is generally higher than
      in the surrounding medium.

PMID- 954484
TI  - Diagnostic evaluation of the juvenile offender: toward the clarification of often
      overlooked psychopathology.
AB  - On the basis of previously reported findings that a high percentage of court
      referred children suffered from serious psychopathology other than sociopathy,
      attention is called to some essential, though often overlooked, elements of
      diagnostic evaluation of delinquents. Emphasis is on a meticulous history,
      including careful attention to the significances of family histories of serious
      psychiatric and/or neurological disorders. The importance of a detailed perinatal
      and medical history, with emphasis on determining a possible history of
      significant insult to the central nervous system, is stressed. A systematic
      mental status evaluation is strongly recommended. Techniques for assessing the
      existence of significant hallucinatory and delusional experiences in children are
      suggested. The uses of psychological and neurological evaluations to augment the
      psychiatric are discussed. The poor social situation from which many delinquents
      come as well as the obvious intrafamilial psychodynamic factors influencing
      delinquent behavior are recognized as frequent impediments to the search for less
      obvious psychotic and/or organic vulnerabilities in the juvenile offender. Case
      histories of several children who had previously been dismissed as merely
      sociopathic, illustrate the thesis of the paper.

PMID- 954485
TI  - The psychological reactions of children with neurological problems.
AB  - The diagnosis of a neurological disorder can be confusing and frightening to a
      child, particularly if he is not given a reasonable explanation for his symptoms
      and the medical procedures that have to be carried out. If such children
      experience seizures, they frequently identify them with the possibility of death,
      and they become overly concerned about bodily functioning. A loss of self-esteem
      often results, particularly if there are school problems. Reactions are varied:
      some children become extremely cautious in their activities to avoid further
      seizures; some seem to "defy death" by placing themselves in dangerous
      situations; some misinterpret fairly benign events in terms of their
      misconceptions about themselves. Much distress can be avoided by providing
      adequate information both to the parents and the child and by giving them
      adequate opportunity to ask questions and ventilate their feelings, perhaps with
      a therapist, in this time of crisis.

PMID- 954486
TI  - The multiproblem family presents in a children's outpatient psychiatric clinic.
AB  - This study focuses on children from multiproblem families when they appear at an
      outpatient psychiatric clinic for children. The sample consisted of the first 50
      children and their families referred to a large children's outpatient psychiatric
      facility early in 1974. A multiproblem family was defined in terms of the number
      of helping agencies and/or professionals contacted by family members within the 3
      year period prior to the current psychiatric evaluation and by the number of
      households in which the designated child patient had lived. Eighteen percent of
      the 50 cases met the criteria established for a multiproblem family. These
      indicators successfully differentiated multiproblem from nonmultiproblem families
      along a number of socioeconomic, demographic, family health, and family stability
      dimensions. Special difficulties encountered in psychiatrically evaluating
      children of such multiproblem families are presented, and ways of dealing with
      them are discussed.

PMID- 954487
TI  - Parenting for foster parents.
AB  - A parenting course for foster parents was described with a follow-up evaluation
      utilized to determine its effectiveness. The content of this broad-based course
      included learning theory, principles and techniques, communication skills,
      methods of conflict resolution, developmental considerations, and information
      about community services. Results of the evaluation suggested that most of the
      participants had found the course helpful and were using the knowledge acquired.

PMID- 954488
TI  - The comprehensive emergency services system: expanding services to children and
      families.

PMID- 954489
TI  - Beware of refrigerator entrapment.

PMID- 954490
TI  - Vision screening for migrant children.

PMID- 954491
TI  - Learning of imitate in infancy.
AB  - Theories of imitation learning are examined regarding their account of how the
      infant acquires the ability to emit a response which resembles a response
      previously exhibited by another. Each theory suffers from 1 or more of the
      following problems: logical inconsistency, incompleteness, and lack of empirical
      support. 3 of the views (associative thesis, discriminative learning thesis, and
      acquired value of the relational stimulus of similarity) are not mutually
      exclusive, and, therefore, they could be included in a theory of learning to
      imitate. However, none of these learning theses deals with the fact that
      imitation requires the infant to consistently abstract similar features from
      stimuli which differ on various dimensions. Hence, consideration is given to the
      role of cognition in a theory of learning to imitate.

PMID- 954492
TI  - Rate of habituation and visual memory in infants.
AB  - This study investigated 17-week-old infants' response to discrepancy as a
      function of rate of habituation. 36 subjects were repeatedly shown a pattern
      containing 4 geometric shapes until they reached a proportional criterion of
      habituation: each infant's fixation time had to decrease by at least 50%. On the
      basis of 2 nonoverlapping distributions of trials to criterion, fast and slow
      habituators were identified. Recovery of fixation time was found for both fast
      and slow habituators when a discrepant stimulus was presented following
      habituation. These data were interpreted as reflecting developmental differences
      in encoding. After several interpolated trials with the new pattern, the infants'
      response to the original habituation stimulus increased, suggesting that the
      interpolated trials had interfered with their memory for the habituation
      stimulus.

PMID- 954493
TI  - Infant attention to auditory discrepancy.
AB  - Groups of 7 1/2-month-old infants heard 1 of 8 episodes consisting of no, slight,
      moderate, or a large discrepancy between a habituated standard and a transformed
      auditory stimulus. The patterns of cardiac deceleration, regarded as an index of
      attention supported the hypothesis that attentiveness is an inverted-U function
      of the degree of discrepancy between stimulus event and schema.

PMID- 954494
TI  - A preliminary study of some ecological correlates of child abuse: the impact of
      socioeconomic stress on mothers.
AB  - The ecological correlates of child abuse and maltreatment are explored. A model
      which focuses on the degree to which mothers are given support for the parent
      function is considered. This model, based on studies by Gil (1970) and
      Bronfenbrenner's (1974c) analysis of "support systems for parents", is examined
      empirically. Data on rates of child abuse/maltreatment for counties in New York
      State - based on reports made pursuant to a new, more stringent 1973 reporting
      law - are examined in light of indices of socioeconomic and demographic
      characteristics of the 58 counties under study. The data suggest that the degree
      to which mothers in a particular county are subjects to socioeconomic stress
      without adequate support systems accounts for a substantial proportion (36%) of
      the variance in rates of child abuse/maltreatment across New York counties, while
      economic conditions more generally affecting the family account for 16% of the
      variance. Application of them empirical model (based on the stepwise multiple
      regression analysis) to 2 additional samples of child abuse/maltreatment reports
      (1974) in New York State counties yields results consistent with the initial
      sample from which the multiple regression equation was drawn.

PMID- 954495
TI  - Spectrum analysis of the cry sounds of well-nourished and malnourished infants.
AB  - The cry sounds of 12 well-nourished and 12 malnourished male infants were
      compared using behavioral and acoustic measures. The cry of the malnourished
      infant had an initial longer sound, higher pitch, lower amplitude, more
      arrhythmia, and a longer latency to the next cry sound than the cry of the well
      nourished infant. The similarity betweenthe cry of the malnourished infant and
      the cry of the brain-damaged infant suggested tha malnutrition may affect the
      regulatory function of the central nervous system. This hypothesis was supported
      by additional findings which showed that the abnormal cry patterns in the
      malnourished infants were associated with a low-level orienting response to a
      pure tone stimulus as measured by the magnitude of heart-rate deceleration.

PMID- 954496
TI  - Short-term memory and equivalence judgments in normal and retarded readers.
AB  - Matched groups of normal and disabled readers were required to perform
      same/different judgments in which the interval between standard and comparison
      stimuli was either 0, 1, or 6 sec. Standard and comparison stimuli were either
      the same, different in element order, or different in actual elements present.
      Retarded readers performed as well as controls on same tasks in all 3 delay
      conditions. Difference tasks discriminated retarded readers on 1- and 6-sec
      conditions, but not on 0-sec conditions. Differences in order and gross element
      distinguished retarded from adequate readers equally well. The results are
      interpreted to indicate a deficit in short-term memory in retarded readers, but
      only for tasks requiring a difference judgment.

PMID- 954497
TI  - Peripheral vision in children and adults.
AB  - Threshold luminance necessary to evoke an eye movement was evaluated as a
      function of age (6-21 years) and visual angle (6 degrees-42 degrees from the
      fovea). Results were comparable to those of static perimetry in older subjects
      but showed little narrowing of the visual field in younger children.

PMID- 954498
TI  - A critique of "obstetrical pain-relieving drugs as predictors of infant behavior
      variability".
AB  - Aleksandrowicz and Aleksandrowicz (1974) concluded that "the use of obstetrical
      drugs is related to a considerable degree, to infantile behavior over the first
      month of life" (p. 944). Questions are raised about the adequacy of a number of
      their procedures. These questions are serious enough to disturb the foundation
      for any conclusions.

PMID- 954499
TI  - "Obstetrical pain-relieving drugs as predictors of infant behavior variability":
      a reply to Federman and Yang's critique.

PMID- 954500
TI  - The adjustment of reaching behavior to object distance in early infancy.
AB  - The prehensile activity and looking behavior of 2- and 5-month-old infants were
      videotaped in the presence of objects placed within and beyond possible contact
      distance. There was only a consistent adjustment of reaching behavior to stimulus
      distance in the case of the 5-month-old group. The distance discrimination
      evident in the prehensile activity of the older infants was paralleled by a
      reduction in the amount of attention paid to far objects.

PMID- 954501
TI  - The effects of training specific mnemonics on the metamnemonic efficiency of
      retarded children.
AB  - The effects of training specific mnemonic skills on recall readiness were
      evaluated in 2 groups (MA 6, MA 8) of educable retarded children. Equal numbers
      of S at each age were instructed in an anticipation, rehearsal, or label
      strategy. On the first posttest (prompted), label training did not affect
      performance, but anticipation and rehearsal training facilitated recall readiness
      estimation for both younger and older children. However, on 2 subsequent
      posttests (unprompted, 2 days and 2 weeks after training), the younger S returned
      to their pretraining competency, while the older group maintained high
      performance. Consideration of observational data suggested that overt activity
      related to the trained mnemonic correlated with recall readiness efficiency for
      the older but not the younger group. Even though younger children produced the
      strategy, the failed to monitor its effectiveness. The implications of training
      specific mnemonic skills are discussed in relation to developing metamnemonic
      efficiency.

PMID- 954502
TI  - Children's recognition memory for written sentences: a comparison of good poor
      readers.
AB  - In 18 pairs of fifth-grade males matched on sex, CA, and IQ, 1 was a good reader
      and 1 a poor reader. Each child read 8 3-sentence acquisition stories,
      subsequently performed a card-sorting task, and finally a recognition test
      consisting of 40 sentences which either were in the acquisition set or were 1 of
      5 kinds of transformation. Retention was better for semantic aspects of the
      stories, but retention of tense was poor. Good readers mad fewer recognition
      errors than poor readers on new sentences which were true inferences from the
      acquisition list and on tests for retention of tense and number.

PMID- 954503
TI  - [Physiopathology of septic shock in peritonitis].

PMID- 954504
TI  - [General therapy of septic shock].

PMID- 954505
TI  - [Surgical treatment of peritonitis within the scope of septic shock].

PMID- 954506
TI  - [Modification of the oxygen supply of the small intestine demonstrated on the
      ileus model].
AB  - Elevation of the intraluminar pressure of rabbit ileum lowers the oxygen supply
      of the bowel wall in a pressure dependent manner. After decompression local PO2
      exceeds the initial values. The infusion of Rheomacrodex-Sorbit induces an
      increase of local PO2 in the nondistended ileum. The reaction is enhanced in the
      distended bowel. The application of glucagon does not influence tissue PO2
      significantly in either the distended or the undistended bowel. The infusion of
      Rheomacrodex-Sorbit as well as decompression of the distended bowel are
      recommended to improve oxygen supply of bowel wall in ileus.

PMID- 954507
TI  - [Treatment of pathologic fractures].
AB  - Eight pathologic fractures of benign and 52 of malignant origin are reported.
      Open reduction and rigid internal fixation should be performed to give the
      patient the use of his affected limb as soon as this can be accomplished.
      Treatment consists of internal fixation in lesions of the shaft and prosthetic
      replacement in the case of lesions near joints. Only very rarely a primary
      amputation must be performed. Malignant fractures are most frequently caused by
      metastases from breast cancers. The treatment will at least make nursing easier,
      and three-quarters of these patients can be mobilized. The combination of
      surgical treatment and radiotherapy is discussed. In spite of this approach the
      average time of survival of 14 months is short because a pathological fracture
      due to a malignant tumor is a late symptom of the disease.

PMID- 954508
TI  - [Separation of the biliary duct system for the demonstration of
      microperforations. Contribution to the subject of the so-called perforation-free
      bile-peritonitis].

PMID- 954509
TI  - [Retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma].

PMID- 954510
TI  - [Chronic intestinal blood circulation disorders].

PMID- 954511
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of chronic intestinal blood circulation disorders].

PMID- 954512
TI  - [Chronic intestinal blood circulation disorders. Indication for surgery,
      rehabilitation methods, results].

PMID- 954513
TI  - [Agastric dystrophy after gastrectomy].
AB  - A follow-up of 9 patients was performed 5-11 years subsequent to total
      gastrectomy. Biochemical findings were normal. Compared to a normal control group
      vitamin A absorption indicative of fat assimilation was unaltered. Subjects
      regained preoperative weight and presented no signs of malnutrition. Eight
      patients suffered seriously from reflux. Five patients showed dumping symptoms.
      Endoscopic specimens from jejunal mucosa were found to be normal. It seems that
      postoperative complaints described above may be prevented by reasonable operative
      measures.

PMID- 954514
TI  - [Primary retroperitoneal tumors. Symptoms-diagnosis--therapy].
AB  - Symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy of primary retroperitoneal tumors are presented
      with reference to 50 of the authors' cases. Seventy to 80% of the tumors are
      malignant; the most frequent are sarcomas. Males and females are equally
      afflicted; most cases are found within the 50-60 yearage range. First symptom is
      generally the palpable abdominal tumor. The diagnostic procedure of choic ist
      i.v. urography as well as selective angiograpms. At the time of diagnosis only 30
      40% of tumors can be resected. Postoperative mortality ist about 10%. Seventy
      percent of tumors are radiosensitive. Prognosis can be considerably improved by
      postoperative radiation. Survival times of more than 2 years in patients
      presenting with malignant primary retroperitoneal tumors are exceptional.

PMID- 954515
TI  - [Cartilaginous tumors of the skeleton].
AB  - Chondrogenic tumors of the skeleton are divided into 6 separate groups: 1.
      chondroblastomas 2. chondromyxoidfibromas, 3. osteochondromas (cartilaginous
      exostoses), 4. enchondromas, 5. periostal chondromas, and 6. chondrosarcomas. The
      presentation of the different types of tumors demonstrates the pathogenesis,
      pathology, clinical findings, treatment, and prognosis. States of tumors before
      and after operative treatment are illustrated.

PMID- 954516
TI  - [Cultivation of the epithelium in burns].
AB  - Comparison of two groups of burned patients shows that patients who were treated
      by wound solution stayed a significantly shorter time in hospital. The group with
      healing under the scab (PQB) had indeed slighter skin lesions, but syated a much
      longer time in hospital. The great advantage of treatment of burned wounds with
      wound solution is seen in the relief of pain of the patients. Aslo, physical
      exercises can begin immediately. Wound solution needs no anaesthesia for
      necrolysis. The shortening of the healing time results in stimulation of the
      marginal epithelium and growth of autologous transplanted cells on the wound.

PMID- 954517
TI  - [Total transposition of the stomach for long-term esophageal substitution
      plasty].

PMID- 954518
TI  - [Responsibility and sense of responsibility of a surgeon].

PMID- 954519
TI  - [Pathological anatomy of struma maligna].

PMID- 954520
TI  - [Struma maligna: endocrinology and diagnosis].

PMID- 954521
TI  - [Preoperative aspects and surgical treatment of struma maligna].

PMID- 954522
TI  - [Polyposis coli. Comparison between the familial and non-familial form].
AB  - Since 1970 16 patients with polyposis coli have been treated at the Department of
      Surgery, Medical School, Hannover. Of these, 9 patients showed the classic type
      of familial polyposis, while 7 patients denied a positive family history.
      Comparing both groups, the nonfamilial type of polyposis coli can be separated as
      well from the familial polyposis as from multiple adenomas of the large bowel.
      Operative treatment in both groups of polyposis coli and management of
      nonfamilial polyposis coli are discussed.

PMID- 954523
TI  - [Preserving of continence in the treatment of familial polyposis of the colon.
      Technic of peeling off of the rectal mucosa].
AB  - The paper deals with the problem of preserving the rectum in the therapy of
      familial polyposis of the colon. According to our own experience and recent
      publications we cannot support the preservations of the rectum. Nevertheless, in
      order to preserve continence, we peel off the cylinder of the mucosa of the rest
      of the rectum (Devine und Ravitch). We have modified this procedure according to
      the Hochenegg pull-through and have operated successfully on two patients.

PMID- 954524
TI  - [Preliminary observations on the clinical use of calcitonin. Treatment and
      postoperative prevention of pancreatitis].
AB  - Calcitonin was administered to 4 patients presenting with acute pancreatitis as
      well as to 6 patients presenting with postoperative pancreatitis. Prophylactic
      administration was performed in 3 cases consecutive to pancreatic interventions.
      Following calcitonin all patients showed considerable improvement of clinical
      course. Although 8 patients recuperated completely 2 patients died from
      independent complications. After prophylactic administration of calcitonin the
      postoperative course was uncomplicated without demonstrable increase in serum
      amylase. It is emphasized that only early case histories are reported; their
      verification will depend upon the results of a controlled survey presently being
      performed.

PMID- 954525
TI  - [Histological research on the effect of viruses on wound healing].
AB  - The influence of pure virus solution on wound healing was studied in animals. The
      rate of disturbed wound healing was proportional to the concentration of the
      virus solution. Severe necrosis without inflammatory reaction could be
      demonstrated histologically.

PMID- 954526
TI  - [Treatment and prognosis in vertebral fractures in children and adolescents].
AB  - Twenty-six children and adolescents with a total of 65 vertebral fractures are
      reported. Sixteen patients could be followed up an average of 3 1/4 years after
      the accident. The questions of growth disturbance after vertebral body fractures
      and adequate treatment are chiefly considered. -Most of the fractures occurred in
      the midthoracic spine. As a rule they were serial fractures. -Fractures of the
      vertebral body with sagittal wedge deformity alone have a better prognosis than
      those with concomitant sagittal and frontal wedge deformities. Whereas those in
      the first group correct themselves partially or completely during subsequent
      growth, improvement in the wedge deformity was only observed in about one-third
      of the patients in the second group. When the end-plates were fractured, there
      was no correction and there was a lack in vertebral growth. Severe destruction of
      the cartilagenous plates and intervertebral discs led to a fusion of the
      corresponding segment. Increase in wedge deformity was observed twice. -Slight
      axial deviations of the intervertebral discs following vertebral body fractures
      are compensated for during growth in most cases. In comminuted fractures, the
      axial deviation persists but can be compensated for by the adjacent segments of
      the spine. In instable fractures, it can increase in spite of treatment in a
      Milwaukee corset. -No difference was found between the children treated with a
      hyperextension plaster corset and those treated functionally. On the basis of the
      results, the fracture types which should be treated functionally and those for
      which a plaster cast is recommended are indicated.

PMID- 954527
TI  - [Contribution of microsurgical technics to reconstructive and reparative surgery
      of the upper limb].

PMID- 954528
TI  - [Surgical treatment of gastro-jejuno-colonic fistula].

PMID- 954529
TI  - [Postoperative subphrenic abscess. Study of 25 cases].

PMID- 954530
TI  - [Rapid colon preparation].

PMID- 954531
TI  - [Possibilities and indications of surgery for reduction of tumor volume or
      exeresis of metastases followed by chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy].

PMID- 954532
TI  - [Apert-Gallais syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 954533
TI  - [Recent case of rupture of the stomach after insufflation of oxygen into the
      pharynx of an adult].

PMID- 954534
TI  - [Early chemotherapy and complementary immunotherapy in loco-regional treatments
      in cancerology. Realities and limitations].

PMID- 954535
TI  - [Postoperative subphrenic abscess in children].

PMID- 954536
TI  - [Early postoperative complications of partial gastrectomies (excluding disunions
      of the anastomosis)].

PMID- 954537
TI  - [Experimental study of a new hemoglobin solution. A new blood substitute?].

PMID- 954538
TI  - [Hydatid cyst of the thyroid gland. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 954539
TI  - [Late disunions of anastomoses after arterial prosthetic bypass].

PMID- 954540
TI  - [New aspects in the surgical treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome of the leg].

PMID- 954541
TI  - [Femoro-femoral venous bypass via the perineum (6 cases)].

PMID- 954542
TI  - [Corrections of errors of interpretation of angiography by ultrasonic exploration
      (Doppler effect, B echography)].

PMID- 954543
TI  - [Vascular complications of systemic elastorrhexis].

PMID- 954544
TI  - [Acute necrotizing enteritis and colitis without apparent vascular obliteration.
      Apropos of 7 personal cases)].

PMID- 954545
TI  - [Free transplant of the greater omentum into the cranial vault. Apropos of 3
      cases with vascular micro-anastomoses].

PMID- 954546
TI  - [Treatment of common bile duct lithiasis. 338 sphincterectomies without drainage
      of the choledochus over a 10-year period].

PMID- 954547
TI  - [Per-endoscopic treatment of calculi of the common bile duct. Preliminary
      trials].

PMID- 954548
TI  - [Arteriovenous fistula of the major intra-abdominal trunks. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 954549
TI  - Localization by Q-banding of mitotic chiasmata in cases of Bloom's syndrome.
AB  - The distribution of mitotic chiasmata from the lymphocytes of three patients with
      Bloom's syndrome was studied by Q-banding. An estimate was made of the average
      brightness of the human chromosomes and of the brightness and length of the Q
      regions. A strong relationship was found between the average darkness of a
      chromosome and its chiasma density. The shorter and darker Q-regions contained
      more chiasmata, with the exception of the chromosome tips which had lower chiasma
      densities. A few "hot spots" had particularly high chiasma densities. Centric
      regions contained 17% of the chiasmata. The data are consistent with the
      assumptions that chiasmata are favored in darker regions and at borders between
      light and dark regions.

PMID- 954550
TI  - BrdU-33258 Hoechst analysis of DNA replication in human lymphocytes with
      supernumerary or structurally abnormal X chromosomes.
AB  - BrdU-33258 Hoechst techniques have been used to characterize DNA replication
      patterns in lymphocytes from hunam females with supernumerary or structurally
      abnormal X chromosomes. Fluorescence analysis permits identification of late
      replicating X chromosomes in a very high proportion of cells and affords a high
      resolution method for determining the interchange points of X-X and X-autosome
      translocations. Asynchrony among terminal replication patterns of multiple late
      replicating X chromosomes within an individual cell can occasionally be
      demonstrated. The arms of isochromosomes usually exhibit symmetrical fluorescence
      patterns, with replication terminating in bands Xq21 and Xq23 (predominant
      pattern) or in bands Xq25 and Xq27 (alternative pattern) in both arms. In the
      vast majority of lymphocytes containing a balanced X-13 or X-19 translocation,
      the normal X is late replicating. However, DNA synthesis in the translocation
      products occasionally appears somewhat delayed relative to that expected for an
      early replicating X, consistent with possible position effects on replication
      kinetics.

PMID- 954551
TI  - Relative DNA contents of somatic nuclei of ox, sheep and goat.
AB  - Diploid ox nuclei contain about 14% more DNA than nuclei from sheep of the same
      sex. Goat nuclei have a similar DNA content to those of sheep. In view of the
      similar chromosome banding patterns in these species, it appears that chromosome
      evolution must have involved numerous minute interstitial deletions of additions
      of DNA. Although chromosomes which have similar banding patterns in these three
      species may be regarded as homologous in this respect, and can be regarded as
      having a common evolutionary origin, they are not homologous for the quantity of
      their DNA.

PMID- 954552
TI  - The chromosomal localisation of satellite DNA in Ptyas mucosus (Ophidia,
      Colubridae).
AB  - Ptyas mucosus male DNA has a repetitious DNA satellite (p = 1.700 g cm-3)
      constituting 5% of the haploid genome. In situ hybridisation of radioactive
      complementary RNA (cRNA) has revealed that satellite sequences are located in the
      centromeric region of one pair of macrochromosomes and in the terminal region of
      8 pairs of microchromosomes. These regions are constitutively heterochromatic as
      revealed by C-banding. The possibility of involvement of satellite rich
      microchromosomes in nucleolus organisation is discussed.

PMID- 954553
TI  - Proportionate representation of rDNA and Balbiani ring DNA in polytene
      chromosomes of Chironomus tentans.
AB  - Attention was focussed on the question whether the most active genes of the
      polytene genome of Chironomus tentans, i.e. rDNA and Balbiani rings, have
      undergone the same number of duplications as the bulk of the genome. RNA was
      extracted from isolated salivary glands, enriched for messenger RNA by poly U
      sepharose chromatography, and labelled with 125Iodine. In situ hybridization
      showed that, apart from rRNA, Balbiani ring 1 and 2 transcripts are the major
      hybridizing RNA species present in this enriched preparation. BR1 hybridized only
      at the b-region. Transcripts of BR6 and puff I 17B are shown to be salivary gland
      specific and hybridize in situ to an extent of less than 5% of the RNA hybridized
      to BR1 plus BR2. Saturation hybridization levels of rRNA and Balbiani ring (BR1
      plus BR2) RNA with polytene DNA from salivary glands were determined and compared
      with the saturation levels measured for DNA from adult flies and larvae. rRNA
      hybridized to the same level (0.09%) with polytene DNA as with DNA from primarily
      diploid cells (adult fly DNA) or from larvae. An equal hybridization level
      (0.04%) with each of these three types of DNA was also obtained for BR RNA. The
      results demonstrate that, during polytenization in C. tentans, the genes for rRNA
      and BR1 and 2 are duplicated to the same extent as the bulk of the genome.

PMID- 954554
TI  - RNA, RIBOSOMAL/*BIOSYNon of ribosomal 5S RNA genes in Chironomus thummi by in
      situ hybridization of iodinated 5S RNA.
AB  - 5 S RNA of Chironomus thummi larvae was purified from total phenol extracted RNA
      by gel filtration and labelled to about 10(7) dpm/mug with carrier-free iodine
      125. After hybridization in situ of 125I-5 S RNA and autoradiography only region
      B3c-e (containing two "normal" and two very faint bands) of chromosome II of
      salivary gland cells was highly labelled. In chromosomes of an animal showing
      pairing discontinuities a clearly "heterozygous" labelling of the 5 S RNA region
      was found. Region B3c-e shows no clearcut morphological signs of puffing or
      autoradiographically detectable 3H-uridine incorportion in spite of a continuous
      synthesis of 5 S RNA in salivary gland cells.

PMID- 954555
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in Ibadan: response to various doses of cyclophosphamide and
      long-term survivors.

PMID- 954556
TI  - Catechols in primary and metastatic human malignant melanoma cells in monolayer
      culture.

PMID- 954557
TI  - Influence on metastatic spread of whole-body or local tumor hyperthermia.

PMID- 954558
TI  - Increase in cell surface antigen expression by leukemic cells following in vitro
      treatment with papain.

PMID- 954559
TI  - Comparison of some response to hyperthermia by normal human diploid cells and
      neoplastic cells from the same origin.

PMID- 954560
TI  - Psychotic exacerbations produced by neuroleptics.
AB  - Thirteen schizophrenic patients who developed abnormal psychotic behavior as an
      adverse reaction to a neuroleptic are described. A. Three patients showed a
      marked increase in the psychopathology during neuroleptic treatment. These
      episodes were treated by decreasing or discontinuing the neuroleptics. They did
      not respond to anticholinergic durgs nor did they respond to an increase in
      dosage, (another side effect previously reported and referred to here) indeed
      this treatment worsened the situation. B. Ten patients showed a mixed picture of
      catatonic excitement or inhibition on neuroleptics and several developed
      hallucinatory episodes. All of these exacerbations were terminated by
      anticholinergic injections. Other more familiar CNS abnormalities produced by
      neuroleptics are briefly discussed.

PMID- 954561
TI  - Psychotropic drugs in opioid addicts on methadone treatment.
AB  - Psychotropic drug treatment of persons on methadone maintenance is discussed.
      Patients with clear target symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, or psychosis
      responded just as non-opioid addicts would to the major psychotropic agents. The
      minor tranquilizers are felt to be of doubtful value, and subject to abuse. Sleep
      disturbances cannot be treated by the usual means, as the drugs needed again are
      abused. However, chlorpromazine shows some promise here. Methods of drug delivery
      and goals of treatment must be adapted to the realities of this patient-group's
      characteristics, particularly anti-social traits, poor motivation and
      unreliability. Psychotropic drugs are unlikely to be of aid in multiple drug
      abusers, personality and character disorders, and opioid withdrawal. Four case
      histories are presented.

PMID- 954562
TI  - Depressive syndrome induced by oral contraceptives.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that a small proportion of women taking oral
      contraceptives develop a depressive syndrome characterized by despondency,
      tension, and changes in sex desire. Although disturbed tryptophan metabolism
      induced by estrogen has been held responsible for this syndrome, the role of
      psychological factors should not be overlooked. Recognition and management of the
      syndrome require information concerning the pharmacological actions of oral
      contraceptives and the personality make-up of the patient.

PMID- 954563
TI  - Clinical neuropathological conference.

PMID- 954564
TI  - A brief method of screening for alcoholism.
AB  - Subjects given a research diagnosis of alcoholism were evaluated to determine
      whether key symptoms exist which provide a means of rapid screening for
      alcoholism. Alcoholic subjects were compared with a large control group of non
      alcoholics. A very high percent of alcoholics was identified by the subject's
      report that he or others believed the subject drank too much. Few non-alcoholic
      subjects reported that either they or others had such beliefs. Thus, several easy
      questions can serve as highly reliable screening tests for alcoholism.

PMID- 954565
TI  - Medicinal use of hypodermic needles in an addict patient population.
AB  - Narcotic addicts may become so conditioned to the use of hypodermic needles that
      self-injection without a drug may become pleasurable. This phenomenon has raised
      the question as to whether addicts in treatment should be administered any
      medication by hypodermic needle for fear of precipitating withdrawal or inducing
      a craving for heroin. In this study addicts in treatment were given a medicinal
      needle challenge but there were no documented deleterious effects.

PMID- 954566
TI  - Sedac electrotherapy III. A ten year study of therapeutic efficiency and
      indications.

PMID- 954567
TI  - Treatment of a 15 year old hebephrenic girl in a community hospital.
AB  - The preceeding discussion and case histroy illustrate the modern eclecticism
      which must be utilized in a synergistic manner to effect remissions in
      psychiatric illnesses heretofore unresponsive to treatment. The community
      psychiatrist must be capable of functioning in the face of adversity and
      sometimes must receive the criticism of his peers with equanimity and tolerance
      by accepting the opportunity as a challenge to educate colleagues to the full
      potentiality of modern psychiatry.

PMID- 954568
TI  - [Preparation of 3H-ribonuclease by the method of tritium activation at high
      temperature and its purification using affinity chromatography].

PMID- 954569
TI  - [Role of phospholipids in DNA synthesis in mammalian cells].

PMID- 954570
TI  - [Protein-synthesizing activity of membrane-bound and free polyribosomes in rat
      liver and sarcoma M-1 cells in a cell-free system].

PMID- 954571
TI  - [Specificity of cholinesterase thiosubstrates].

PMID- 954572
TI  - [Distribution of newly synthesized RNA in ribonucleoprotein particles of rat
      hypothalamus cytoplasmic extracts in normal conditions and after dexamethasone
      administration].

PMID- 954573
TI  - [Antineoplastic activity of complex compounds of platinum(IV)].

PMID- 954574
TI  - [Changes in human EEG rhythms due to electrostimulation (electrosleep)].

PMID- 954575
TI  - [Effect of different volume rates of artificial blood circulation on hemodynamics
      in animals resuscitated after death from asphyxiation].

PMID- 954576
TI  - [Characteristics of monocular perception of line orientation by the right and
      left eyes and their possible neurophysiological mechanisms].

PMID- 954577
TI  - [Effect of implanting estradiol and actinomycin D in the hypothalamus on the
      functional state of the gonads in birds].

PMID- 954578
TI  - [Principle of invariance of the human acoustic analyzer relative to changes in
      scale during differentiation of tonal-impulse signals].

PMID- 954579
TI  - [Integral quantitative methods of biological indication of polluted waters in a
      large oligotrophic water body].

PMID- 954580
TI  - [The parathymic syndromes].

PMID- 954581
TI  - [Letter: Acroosteopathy and the work with plastics].

PMID- 954582
TI  - [Letter: Hypothyroidism and concomitant coronary sclerosis].

PMID- 954583
TI  - [Letter: Muscular weakness following antihypertensive treatment].

PMID- 954584
TI  - [Diagnosis of chronic destructive, non-purulent cholangitis (primary biliary
      cirrhosis)].

PMID- 954585
TI  - [Therapy of the chronic destructive, non-purulent cholangitis (primary biliary
      cirrhosis)].

PMID- 954586
TI  - [Significance of the tuberculin reaction from the current viewpoint].

PMID- 954587
TI  - [Death with dignity and "controlled mortality"].

PMID- 954588
TI  - [Letter: Once more: mammography].

PMID- 954589
TI  - [Letter: Physical therapy and early mobilization of infarction patients].

PMID- 954590
TI  - [Poliomyelitis epidemic in a district of Freiburg i. Br. in autumn 1975 (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In the autumn of 1975 five cases of poliomyelitis occurred within 6 weeks in
      German children of families of low socioeconomic class. They lived in two
      districts of Freiburg with close familial and occupational contacts. One child
      had been immunised against polio once orally several years ago and none of the
      others were immunised. The clinical course and results of investigations of the
      environment are reported. Included is the state of immunisation of 472 school
      beginners in Freiburg schools and the antibody levels of 284 children aged 1 to
      10 years from Freiburg and the adjoining areas.

PMID- 954591
TI  - [Endocarditis lenta caused by Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinicus
      (author's transl)].
AB  - After two tooth extractions performed without antibiotic cover endocarditis lenta
      occurred in a ten-year-old girl. The causative organism isolated was
      Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinicus, the first such reported case. The
      child has a small, haemodynamically insignificant, ventricular septal defect. A
      cure was achieved after long-term administration of penicillin G in high doses,
      at first combined with ampicillin. There were no complications.

PMID- 954592
TI  - [The influence of saralasine on blood pressure and renal function in Bartter's
      syndrome and decompensated hepatic cirrhosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Infusion of the angiotensin-II-antagonist saralasine led in one patient with
      Bartter's syndrome and one patient with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis, both of
      whom had a markedly raised plasma renin activity, to a fall in systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure. The results indicate that in normotensive patients a
      raised angiotensin II concentration in blood is haemodynamically important for
      the level of blood pressure if plasma renin activity is raised. In normotensives
      with normal plasma renin activity saralasine in the usual dosage (4.2 mug/kg-min)
      does not influence the blood pressure.

PMID- 954593
TI  - [Lymph node changes in lymphography].

PMID- 954594
TI  - [Late diagnosis of a Menocil-induced pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 954595
TI  - [Free movements of physician's within the European Community].

PMID- 954596
TI  - [Letter: Assisted respiration in home care].

PMID- 954597
TI  - [Letter: Cardiotoxicity of tricyclic thymoleptics].

PMID- 954598
TI  - [Frequency and pathogenis of thrombocytopenia in cardiac failure].
AB  - In 395 consecutively investigated patients with cardiac failure of varying
      aetiologythe platelet ocurt in venous blood was less than 100 000/mm(3) in 5.3%
      and below the 2s devaition (less than 136 000/mm (3)) in 19.2. The average
      platelet count of the whole group was 197 500 +/- 70 800/mm (3) which was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than in normal controls (n = 128). In 6
      patients a (51)Cr study of platelet kinetics was performed; the results support
      the conclusion that the faculatative thrombocytopenia in cardiac failure is
      mainly,but not exclusively, due to an increased uptake of platelets in the
      congested spleen.

PMID- 954599
TI  - [Aplastic anaemia and thymonal].
AB  - The combination of aplastic anaemia and thymona was observed in a 49-year old
      woman. Concomitant with severe normochromic anaemia and reticulocytopenia was a
      cell-rich bone marrow smear in which erythropoietic precursors were almost
      absent. Immunological phenomena could not be demonstrated. The erythropoietin
      level was maximally increased. Pathological anatomy typically revealed a
      predominantly spindle-cell thymonal with only minor capsular invasion.

PMID- 954600
TI  - [Transformation surgery following gastric surgery for ulcer. Gastrojejunostomy
      (Billroth II) to gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I)].

PMID- 954601
TI  - [What do physicians expect from medical records?].

PMID- 954602
TI  - [Letter: Physostigmine therapy in poisoning].

PMID- 954603
TI  - [Letter: Diagnosis in hiatal hernia and reflux disease].

PMID- 954604
TI  - [Letter: Bronchial carcinoma and adjuvant chemotheraphy].

PMID- 954605
TI  - [Letter: Libido loss following castration].

PMID- 954606
TI  - [Letter: Glomectomy in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 954607
TI  - [LETTER: Osteosynthesis].

PMID- 954608
TI  - [Letter: Idiopathic scoliosis].

PMID- 954609
TI  - Tinidazole: a review of its antiprotozoal activity and therapeutic efficacy.
AB  - Tinidazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative, has been used in the oral treatment
      of several protozoal infections - trichomoniasis, giardiasis and amoebiasis.
      Among the protozoal organisms inhibited by tinidazole are Trichomonas vaginalis,
      Trichomonas foetus, and Entamoeba histolytica. In vitro, tinidazole has been
      shown to possess antiprotozoal activity at least comparable to, and in some cases
      greater than, metronidazole. Tinidazole also has activity against some Gram
      negative anaerobic bacilli, including Bacteroides spp. Following oral
      administration of a 2g dose, like metronidazole serum levels peak in about 2
      hours but persist for longer. Any clinical significance of the longer plasma half
      life (tinidazole 12.5h; metronidazole 7.3h) has yet to be demonstrated.
      Tinidazole is approximately 20% bound to plasma proteins. Only unchanged drug has
      been found in the plasma and urine of tinidazole-treated subjects, although
      metabolites have been detected in animal studies. A single 2g dose of tinidazole
      has been shown to be effective therapy in vaginal trichomoniasis and in
      urogenital trichomoniasis in males. Single-dose therapy in general offers
      advantages in regard to convenience, and in the treatment of a sexually
      transmissible disease such as trichomoniasis, single-dose therapy facilitates
      compliance of patient and sexual partner. In comparative studies, tinidazole, in
      both single-dose and traditional multiple-dose regimens, has been shown to be
      equivalent and often superior to other antitrichomonal agents, including
      metronidazole. In intestinal amoebiasis, tinidazole has been evaluated after both
      once-a-day and multiple daily dose regimens, with the former giving slightly
      better results. When both metronidazole and tinidazole were administered in
      multiple daily dose regimens, the two agents yielded similar cure rates; in one
      study fewer tinidazole-treated patients required a second course. Tinidazole has
      also been successful in some cases of amoebic liver abscess, but an advantage
      over metronidazole has not been demonstrated. Results in the treatment of
      giardiasis, especially with the single-dose regimen, are promising, and in one
      study, tinidazole proved effective in infections resistant to metronidazole. Even
      in large doses, tinidazole has been well tolerated, although rarely vomiting may
      occur and the patient may need to be re-treated with a multiple dose regimen.

PMID- 954610
TI  - [The alveolar (arcuate) structure of heart valves as a morphologic basis for
      their durability and elasticity].

PMID- 954611
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of the mitral and tricuspid valves in patent strioventricular
      canal].

PMID- 954612
TI  - [A method of studying the effect of powerful electromagnetic interference on the
      work of implanted cardiostimulators].

PMID- 954613
TI  - [The state of venous pressure during temporary occlusion of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 954614
TI  - [A method of bloodless tying-off of hemorrhoidal nodules].

PMID- 954615
TI  - [An intravital study of regional hemodynamics].

PMID- 954616
TI  - [Resection of the thoracic duct].

PMID- 954617
TI  - A new means of forming a cervical anastomosis during esophagoplasty with an
      antiperistaltic pedicle from the greater curvature of the stomach.

PMID- 954618
TI  - [X-ray assessment of the motor-evacuatory function of the stomach following
      antral mucosectomy combined with bilateral trunk vagotomy].

PMID- 954619
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the endurance of different types of sutures].

PMID- 954620
TI  - [Use of hemosorption on anion exchange resin for selective removal of bilirubin
      from the bodies of patients].

PMID- 954621
TI  - [Changes in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in
      mechanical jaundice].

PMID- 954622
TI  - [The oxygen regime of intact, ischemic and preserved kidneys].

PMID- 954623
TI  - [Motor function of the ureters following transection and placing of a circular
      suture].

PMID- 954624
TI  - [The possibility of using a helium-oxygen medium for preservation of isolated
      organs].

PMID- 954625
TI  - [A tabular method of prognosing the outcome of multiple trauma complicated by
      shock].

PMID- 954626
TI  - [Ataralgesia for oncologic surgery].

PMID- 954627
TI  - [Ketamine anesthesis for bronchologic studies].

PMID- 954628
TI  - [The effect of premedication and general anesthesia on the level of microelements
      (iron, copper, zinc) in the serum during mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 954629
TI  - [Aerobic metabolism as an index of the body's defenses during heart surgery under
      hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 954630
TI  - [Urinary excretion of novocaine following its intravenous infusion for purposes
      of general anesthesia].

PMID- 954631
TI  - [Thromboses of the superior vena cava system following its catheterization in
      children].

PMID- 954632
TI  - [Modification of a method of conduction anesthesia of the finger].

PMID- 954633
TI  - [Hemodynamics in an experimental postoperative thyrotoxic crisis].

PMID- 954634
TI  - [Experimental plastic closure of myocardial defects with a combined diaphragmatic
      pericardial flap on a pedicle].

PMID- 954635
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin: acetylation of tyrosyls with N-acetylimidazole.
AB  - When human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was treated with a 20-fold molar excess
      of N-acetylimidazole in aqueous solution, two tyrosyls were acetylated, resulting
      in a 50% reduction in in vivo biological activity. With increased quantities of
      reagent, the number of tyrosyls acetylated increased but with no further decrease
      in the biological activity. In vitro biological activity (binding to hCG
      receptors) of the hormone was not affected at all. Acetylation in urea increased
      tyrosyl modification, accompanied by acetylation of some lysyls, yielding a
      product in which all seven tyrosyls were acetylated and both in vivo and in in
      vitro biological activities were completely abolished. Deacylation with
      hydroxylamine partially restored biological activity of some but not all of the
      modified products. When individual hCG subunits were treated with the same
      reagent, the number of tyrosyls acetylated in each subunit again increased with
      increasing amounts of reagent, up to three in the alpha subunit and two in the
      beta subunit in the absence of urea. The tyrosyls in the beta subunit appeared
      less reactive to the reagent than those in the alpha subunit. Subunits modified
      to these extents retained ability to recombine as examined by gel
      electrophoresis, but the recombined products varied considerably in both in vivo
      and in vitro biological activities. A completely tyrosyl-acetylated product of
      hCG-alpha did not combine with intact hCG-beta, while fully modified hCG-beta did
      with intact hCG-alpha.

PMID- 954636
TI  - Regulation of adenylate cyclase coupled beta-adrenergic receptors by beta
      adrenergic catecholamines.
AB  - Injection of frogs with beta-adrenergic catecholamines produced a selective
      desensitization (loss of responsiveness) of the erythrocyte membrane adenylate
      cylase to subsequent stimulation in vitro by isoproterenol. Basal, prostaglandin
      E1- and fluoride-sensitive enzyme activities were unaffected. A 77% (p less than
      0.001) decline in isoproterenol-responsive enzyme activity in the cells from the
      treated animals was observed with no change in the Km for isoproterenol
      stimulation of the enzyme (concentration causing 1/2 maximal enzyme activation).
      The decrease in catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase was accompanied by a
      parallel 68% (p less than 0.001) fall in the apparent number of beta-adrenergic
      receptors in the erythrocyte membranes, assessed by (-) (3H)alprenolol binding
      studies. There was no change in the affinity of the receptor binding sites. The
      catecholamine-induced desensitization and fall in the beta-adrenergic receptor
      number were both concentration and time-dependent and displayed beta-adrenergic
      specificity. Isoproterenol was more potent in desensitizing cells and in lowering
      the receptor number than was norepinephrine. The beta-adrenergic antagonist
      propranolol, but not the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine, blocked the
      desensitizing effects of isoproterenol. Propranolol itself, however, did not
      cause desensitization. Cells became resensitized to the stimulatory effects of
      catecholamines, in association with a return in beta-receptor number, when
      propranolol was injected into previously desensitized animals. The changes in
      receptor number in membranes from desensitized and resensitized animals were also
      reflected in soluble receptor preparations. The protein synthesis inhibitor
      cycloheximide did not affect either desensitization, resensitization, or the
      changes in receptor number which accompanied the changes in adenylate cyclase
      sensitivity to catecholamines. These findings suggest that the chronic occupancy
      of beta-adrenergic receptors by beta-adrenergic agonists (but not antagonists)
      decreases the number of functional beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites and,
      hence, lowers the responsiveness of adenylate cylase to catecholamine
      stimulation. The lack of effort of cycloheximide on these regulatory effects
      suggests that "inactivation" and subsequent "reactivation" of the receptors,
      rather than changes in receptor turnover, are involved.

PMID- 954637
TI  - Studies on the antitesticular action of DL-6-(N-2-pipecolinomethyl)-5-hydroxy
      indane (PMHI) in the rat.
AB  - Both prepubertal and adult rats were treated with a single oral dose of either 60
      mg or 120 mg of dl-6-(N-pipecolinomethyl)-5-hydroxy indane maleate (PMHI) per kg
      of body weight. Their testicular weights were drastically reduced compared with
      those of the controls. A follow-up, beginning on the third day post-treatment and
      continuing for a period of 50 days, showed that the body weight growth of PMHI
      treated rats was not retarded. The hormonal profile indicated that, except for
      FSH which showed a transitory elevation in PMHI-treated immature rats, the serum
      levels of LH, estrogen, and testosterone were indistinguishable from those of the
      controls. Testicular histology revealed that the spermatogenic process in PMHI
      treated rats recovered at a dose-related rate. EM sections of testes of adult
      rats indicated that cytoplasmic vacuolation appeared in the Sertoli cells 5 h
      post-treatment. The consequent cascade of arrested spermiogenesis included
      abnormal acrosomal condensation of spermatids and sloughing of polynucleated
      spermatids. Some spermatocytes also seemed to be affected, but spermatogonia and
      Leydig cells remained intact. These results indicate the PMHI acts primarily on
      Sertoli cells and causes arrest in the spermiogenetic stage of the spermatids. At
      a higher and toxic dose of PMHI, however, the earlier germinal elements might
      also be affected, due to the extensive damage to the supporting Sertoli cells.

PMID- 954638
TI  - Calcium metabolism during lactation: enhanced effects of thyrocalcitonin.
AB  - Lactating rats were compared with nonlactating controls, with regard to the
      intake and absorption of calcium, serum calcium level, and te protective effect
      of thyroacalcitonin (TC) against hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. While
      consuming a commercial diet, intact, nonfasted lactating rats maintained a serum
      calcium level of approximately 9 mg/100 ml, which was 1 mg/100 ml lower than that
      of nonlactating controls. The level rose to that of the controls within one day
      after removal of the litters from the mother. Compared with nonlactating rats,
      lactating rats had a three-fold higher calcium intake and a six-fold higher rate
      of net absorption of calcium. After intragastric calcium (10 mg/100 g body wt)
      the increase in serum calcium was small (1 mg/100 ml) 2 h later in both groups of
      sham-operated rats but was markedly increased in thyroparathyroidectomized
      groups, with the lactating rats showing a significantly greater increase than the
      nonlactating rats. The injection of a small dose of porcine thyrocalcitonin
      completely counteracted this hypercalcemia in lactating rats, but did not have
      any effect on nonlactating controls. Protection by the thyroid gland against
      hyperphosphatemia after intragastric calcium also was significant in both
      lactating and nonlactating rats. The results show that TC is much more effective
      in lactating than in nonlactating rats, suggesting that TC may be of particular
      importance in lactation by restricting elevations of serum calcium and phosphorus
      levels after eating, thereby aiding in conservation of these ions.

PMID- 954639
TI  - Studies on the transfer of steroid hormones across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid
      barrier in the Rhesus Monkey.
AB  - Indwelling canulae were placed in the lateral ventricles of the brains of six
      adult male rhesus monkeys, and the movement of estradiol-17beta (E2),
      testosterone (T), and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) across the blood
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier was measured. Serial samples of blood and CSF
      were collected every 30 minutes during a 6 hour infusion of the tritiated
      steroids, and the quantity of free steroid in the blood and CSF was determined by
      recrystallization to constant specific activity. During the course of the 6-hour
      infusion, the average CSF concentration of steroid, expressed as dpm/ml, was
      about 3.5% of the concurrent plasma level of E2, 1.6% of the concurrent plasma
      level of T, and 0.08% of the concurrent plasma level of DHT. It is proposed that
      these differences in steroid transfer can be attributed to differential binding
      of these steroids to testosterone-estrogen-binding globulin (TeBG) in plasma.

PMID- 954640
TI  - Physiological cortisol levels block the inhibition of vascular reactivity
      produced by prolactin.
AB  - Cortisol in concentrations similar to the unbound levels of the hormone in human
      plasma can reverse the inhibition of vascular reactivity produced by prolactin.
      In the rat mesenteric vascular bed, cortisol alone in similar concentrations had
      no significant effect on the pressor responses to norepinephrine: the action of
      cortisol was seen only when prolactin was present. The relationships between the
      effects of different concentrations of prolactin and cortisol suggest that at
      some point there is a competitive interplay between the effects of the two
      hormones. There is indirect evidence that this interplay is at the level of
      prostaglandin synthesis or release. We suggest that cortisol has no effect on
      basal prostaglandin production but blocks the synthesis or release occurring in
      response to polypeptide hormone stimulation.

PMID- 954641
TI  - Effects of intraventricular catecholamines on luteinizing hormone release in
      ovariectomized-steroid-primed rats.
AB  - The effects of intraventricular norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were
      studied in the awake, freely behaving rat. In long-term ovariectomized, estrogen
      progesterone-primed (OVE E2-P) animals, blood samples were taken via indwelling
      intra-atrial catheters before and after intraventricular infusion of either pH
      adjusted saline, NE )5 mug, 15 mug, 20 mug), or DA (4 mug, 15 mug), and plasma LH
      was measured by radioimmunoassay. Under urethane anesthesia, records were made of
      the effects of intraventricular saline and NE on the electrical activity of the
      arcuate nucleus in the form of multi-unit spike activity. In unanesthetized
      animals, intraventricular NE caused marked changes in behavior. The typical
      response consisted of three phases: generalized activation (5-7 min), feeding (5
      15 min), and sleep 1-2 h). DA exerted similar behavioral effects but without the
      marked sleep phase characteristic of the NE response. The effects of the
      catecholamines on LH output were significant increases in plasma LH levels for
      all NE doses tested (5 mug, p less than .025; 15 mug, p less than .05; 20 mug, p
      less than .005), while DA had no effect. The dynamics of the LH response to
      NEwere similar at all dosage levels, and the increase caused by 20 mug NE was
      found to be essentially equal to that induced by a quick intravenous infusion of
      1.25 ng LHRH. Arcuate nucleus multi-unit spike activity (MUSA) showed a clear
      response to intraventricular NE at a dosage capable of stimulating the release of
      LH. In every case, the initial effect was a decrease in spike activity. These
      results, considered in relation to previous findings, suggest that NE may be
      stimulatory to neurons secreting LH-releasing hormone (LHRH). The decrease in
      arcuate nucleus MUSA in response to NE implies that certain elements of this
      nucleus are inhibited during LH release, perhaps the dopaminergic
      tuberoinfundibular neurons.

PMID- 954642
TI  - Evidence for the simultaneous uptake and release of certain estrogens by the
      splanchnic area in the dog.
AB  - Splanchnic extractions of total radioactivity, unconjugated radioactive
      estrogens, radioactive estrone glucosiduronate, and radioactive estradiol-17beta
      glucosiduronate(s) were determined in dogs following the infusion of (3H)estrone
      glucosiduronate and of (3H)estrone. Splanchnic extractions of radioactive
      estradiol-17alpha-3-glucosiduronate were determined after (3H)estrone
      glucosiduronate infusion. The mean splanchnic extractions of total radioactivity
      after (3H)estrone glucosiduronate and (3H)estrone infusions were positive and
      similar (42.2 +/- 2.4% (SE) and 34.9 +/- 2.4% (SE), respectively). The mean
      splanchnic extraction of unconjugated radioactive estrogens after (3H)estrone
      glucosiduronate infusion (39.3 +/- 2.6%) was significantly less than that after
      (3H)estrone infusion (86.4 +/- 2.3%). The difference was best explained by
      different rates of formation of unconjugated from conjugated estrogens,
      suggesting, in turn, that simultaneous uptake and formation of unconjugated
      estrogens occur in the splanchnic area. The mean splanchnic extraction of
      extradiol-17alpha-3-glucosiduronate was 33 +/- 3.9%. The mean splanchnic
      extraction of radioactive estrone glucosiduronate after (3H)estrone
      glucosiduronate infusion was positive (54.7 +/- 2.3%) and after (3H)estrone
      infusion was negative (-50.8 +/-8.8%. The mean splanchnic extraction of estradiol
      17beta glucosiduronate(s) was also positive (32 +/- 2.4%) after (3H)estrone
      glucosiduronate infusion and negative (-37.9 +/- 11.0%) after (3H)estrone
      infusion. These values are taken to indicate that simultaneous uptake and
      formation (from unconjugated estrogens) of both estrone glucosiduronate and
      estradiol-17beta glucosiduronate(s) occur in the splanchnic area, and that after
      (3H)estrone infusion, the rate of formation greatly exceeds t

PMID- 954643
TI  - Relative biologic activities of human and bovine parathyroid hormones and their
      synthetic, NH2-terminal (1-34) peptides, as evaluated in vitro with renal
      cortical adenylate cyclase obtained from three different species.
AB  - The relative biologic activities of native human parathyroid hormone, hPTH (1
      84), native bovine parathyroid hormone, bPTH (1-84), and their respective
      synthetic, NH2-terminal, biologically-active (1-34) fragments were compared in
      vitro using adenylate cyclase preparations from human, chicken, and rat renal
      cortex. The concentrations of the hormones required for half-maximal stimulation
      of the enzymes were determined from dose response curves. bPTH (1-84) had greater
      apparent activity than hPTH (1-84), using rat or chicken renal adenylate cyclase,
      but, with human renal adenylate cyclase, the apparent activities of the two
      hormones were equal. Synthetic hPTH (1-34) possessed about 1/10 of the apparent
      activity of hPTH (1-84) in all three adenylate cyclase systems. However,
      (GLU22)bPTH (1-34) was about equal inapparent activity to bPTH (1-84) in the
      three systems. We propose that different rates of hormone degradation at or near
      renal receptor sites may be responsible for the dependence of the relative
      biologic activity on the assay system used. In the case of hPTH a peptide chain
      longer than (1-34) may be required for the full biologic activity of the
      hormone...

PMID- 954644
TI  - Effect of suckling on plasma prolactin and hypothalamic monoamine levels in the
      rat.
AB  - In lactating rats that were separated from their pups for 8 hours, suckling
      induced a rapid rise in plasma prolactin levels. Correlatively, it induced a
      depletion in dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) Concentrations within the
      hypothalamus as early as 5 min after the onset of suckling. This depletion lasted
      as long as the stimulus was maintained. A parallel increase in the level of the
      metabolite of 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), was observed. Under these
      conditons, the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT is augmented. This ratio is a good index of
      turnover of the transmitter. Suckling affected neither the content of
      noradrenaline (NA) in the hypothalamus nor the levels of any amine tested in the
      cerebral cortex. When pups were separated from their mother for 24 hours,
      suckling no longer resulted in changes in either plasma prolactin levels or
      hypothalamic DA, 5-HT, or 5-HIAA concentrations. We have concluded that the
      activation of a discrete system of 5-HT containing neurons is associated with the
      triggering effect of suckling on prolactin release.

PMID- 954645
TI  - Cortisol and GH responses to D- and L-amphetamine in monkeys.
AB  - Equimolar doses of D-amphetamine and L-amphetamine, and a water placebo were
      injected intravenously on different days into rhesus monkeys, and their plasma
      cortisol and GH responses were determined over a 3-hour period. D- and L
      amphetamine (but not the placebo) equally suppressed plasma cortisol
      concentration and equally increased plasma GH concentration. Pretreatment of the
      monkeys with large doses of pimozide, a specific dopamine receptor blocker, did
      not appear to block the hormonal responses to either isomer of amphetamine. The
      results suggest that the hormonal responses to both D- and L-amphetamine were
      mediated by noradrenergic neurones stimulatory to GH and inhibitory to ACTH, and
      that D- and L-amphetamine exert equipotent noradrenergic effects in the
      neuroendocrine system.

PMID- 954646
TI  - The metabolism of cortisol by term baboon neonates (Papio papio).
AB  - The metabolism of iv administered (4-14C)cortisol (F) was examined in 3 female,
      spontaneously delivered, term baboons less than 24th old. Sixty and 80% of 14C
      was recovered in urine within 24 and 68 h,respectively. The distribution of
      urinary 14C was 44.7% unconjugated, 18.1% glucuronoside, 3.3% sulfate, and 24%
      unextractable with ethyl acetate. The metabolites were isolated by chromatography
      and crystallization. Eight per cent of unconjugated and 60% of glucuronoside
      metabolites were more polar than the cortols, the majority being unknown I (Rf
      0.15), and unknown II (Rf 0.35), (csf., 6beta-ol-F), Rf 0.44, ethyl acetate
      chloroofrmmethanol-water, 25:75:50:50). Unconjugated cortisol plus cortisone (E)
      represented less than 1% or urinary 14C and tetrahydrocortisone (THE)
      glucuronoside represented 1.2%. Excretion of tetrahydrocortisol (THF) and
      products of side-chain cleavage were negligible. Excretion of 20beta-hydroxy
      metabolites and 6beta-ol-F was less than or equal to 5% of urinary 14C. The
      cortisol production rate (mean +/- SE) calculated from the specific activity of
      THE was 4.95 +/- 1.92 mg/day. The glucuronoside/unconjugated 14C-ratio (0.4)
      contrasts with those previously reported in nonpregnant (4.0), pregnant (1.0),
      and postpartum (1.3) animals, indicating that the metabolic pattern in newborns
      is an exaggeration of that in pregnancy. In neonates, unknown I and II compensate
      quantitatively for decreased glucuronoside excretion. Unknowns I and II are
      derivatives of THF and THE, suggesting that increased hydroxylase or deficient
      glucuronyl transferase, rather than impaired delta4-reductase, is responsible for
      decreased glucuronoside excretion. The low F production rate, reduced
      glucuronoside formation, and increase in highly polar compounds relative to
      nonpregnant adults resemble the situation in humans. However, the reduction in
      glucuronosides is compensated for, quantitatively, by highly polar metabolites,
      which are extractable from baboon urine with ethyl acetate but are nonextractable
      from the urine fo human neonates.

PMID- 954647
TI  - The effects of castration and treatment with testosterone on the biliary
      excretion of (3H)aldosterone in rats.
AB  - The rate of excretion of aldosterone radiometabolites into the bile duct
      cannulation, and the intravenous injection of (3H)aldosterone, was demonstrated
      to be markedly increased in male rats following castration. In 1 h, 72% of the
      injected 3H-radioactivity was excreted in the bile of castrated male rats
      compared with 26% in the intact male control rats. Castration of the males led to
      the increased biliary excretion of aldosterone metabolites and the elimination of
      the sex-dependence of this process in rats. The ovariectomy of female rats did
      not substantially increase the rate of excretion of aldosterone metabolites via
      the bile. Castrated male rats treated with testosterone excreted aldosterone
      metabolites into the bile at a slower rate. A similar treatment of ovariectomized
      female rats with testosterone also significantly slowed the rate of biliary
      excretion of the aldosterone metabolites. These findings suggest that the
      presence of androgens plays an important role in regulating the routes of hepatic
      metabolism of aldosterone and the rates of clearance of aldosterone and its
      metabolites from the plasma into the bile of rats.

PMID- 954648
TI  - Metabolism of single-component and high-molecular-weight radioactive insulin in
      rats.
AB  - Single component (125I)iodoinsulin injected in rats was converted into a high
      molecular-weight form. This form of radioactive insulin was shown to be
      metabolized significantly more slowly and to exhibit a more prolonged half-life
      than the single-component radioactive insulin. When injected in rats, it remained
      predominantly in the high-molecular-weight form without conversion into free,
      single-component insulin. A significant amount of radioactivity was shown to be
      in the kidneys of rats following the injection of single-component radioactive
      insulin. The radioactivity of kidney homogenates was shown to exhibiti molecular
      sizes similar to those of single-component insulin, gamma globulin, and insulin
      degradation products. The injection of the high-molecular-weight form of
      radioactive insulin did not produce a significant accumulation of radioactivity
      in the kidneys of the rats; the radioactivity remained primarily in the blood of
      the rats, a finding consistent with the observed prolonged half-life of this form
      of radioactive insulin. The radioactivity in the urine of the animals injected
      with the single component or the high-molecular-weight radioactive insulin was
      present only in the region corresponding to degradation products.

PMID- 954649
TI  - Effects of prostaglandins on RNA and casein synthesis in mammary gland explants
      of mice.
AB  - Prostaglandins B2, E2, and F2alpha were found to stimulate RNA synthesis in
      mammary gland explants of mice in a prolactin-like manner. These effects were non
      additive to maximally stimulatory concentrations of prolacin. Also, time-course
      studies showed that the effects of these prostaglandins only became apparent
      following at 2-4 hour lag period. The effects of these prostaglandins were not
      observed in explants which were not pretreated with insulin plus hydrocortisone,
      i.e., in tissues not responsive to prolactin Prostaglandins E1, A2, A1, B1, and
      F1alpha had no effects on the rate of RNA synthesis, but each of these
      prostaglandins abolished the responsivitiy of the explants to prolactin. Since
      DBcAMP, theophylline, and indomethacin were found previously to suppress the
      aciton of prolactin on RNA synthesis, the effects of these agents on the
      stimulatory effects of prostaglandins B2, E2, and F2alpha were tested. The
      incubation of explants with 5 mM DBcAMP or 5 mM thophylline abolished the effects
      of these prostaglandins on RNA synthesis. But incubation with indomethacin did
      not affect the responses to these prostaglandins. Prolactin-like effects of
      prostaglandins on casein synthesis were not observed. Prostaglandins E1, A2, A1,
      B2, F1alpha and indomethacin did, however, abolish the prolactin stimulation of
      casein synthesis. Furthermore, the preincubation of explants with prostaglandins
      B2, E2, F2alpha or arachidonic acid significantly shortened the time of onset of
      the prolactin stimulation of casein synthesis. The results are discussed with
      regard to a possible role of the prostaglandins as mediators for the actions of
      prolactin in the mammary gland.

PMID- 954650
TI  - Participation of serotonin in the phasic release of LH. I. Evidence from
      pharmacological experiments.
AB  - Subcutaneous implantation of a silastic tubing containing crystalline estradiol
      in castrated female rats results in a circadian rhythm of LH release. Under such
      conditions, blockade of serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis by p-chlorophenylalanine
      (PCPA) completely inhibits the afternoon elevation of plasma LH. Gonadotropin
      peaks remain inhibited as long as the concentration of the transmitter is
      effectively depleted. Intraperitoneal administration or intraventricular infusion
      of minute doses of the immediate precursor of the amine, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5
      HTP), results in the reappearance of the next afternoon rise of plasma
      gonadotropin, whenever hypothalamic levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5
      HIAA), the main metabolite of 5-HT, are significantly increased over their value
      in PGPA-treated animals. The administration of methiothepin, a 5-HT receptor
      blocker, 9 hours of more prior to the next expected LH rise, similarly inhibits
      the cycle, whereas a dopamine receptor inhibitor has no effect under the same
      time conditions. We have concluded that serotoninergic neuron systems can have a
      positive, permissive effect on the transfer of neural information resulting in
      phasic gonadotropin release; this action of the amine is different from, but not
      contradictory to, the known inhibitory effect of 5-HT on the release of LHRH from
      the median eminence.

PMID- 954651
TI  - Metabolic clearance and secretion rates of porcine growth hormone in genetically
      lean and obese swine.
AB  - The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and the secretion rate (SR) of porcine growth
      hormone (pGH) have been examined in swine rendered genetically either lean or
      obese after 18 generations of selection for or against backfat thickness. At 15
      weeks of age (when the muscle:fat ratio was greater than 1) the mean half-life
      (t1/2), MCR, and SR, for the obese, control, and lean swine were: t1/2 = 7.4,
      8.9, and 9.8 min; MCR = 341, 279, and 158 ml/min; SR = 907, 802, and 520 ng/min,
      respectively. At 90 kg body weight (when muscle:fat ratio was less than 1, and
      the age was about 30 weeks) the data for obese, control, and lean swine were:
      t1/2 = 11.3, 12.0, and 11.7 min; MCR =305, 280, and 336 ml/min; SR= 535, 626, and
      932 ng/min, respectively. The t1/2, MCR, and SR were not significantly different
      among the obese, control, and lean swine at either 15 weeks or 90 kg body weight.
      Comparing the two stages of development, the younger swine (15 weeks of age) had
      a shorter t1/2 (P less than .01), and secreted and cleared more pGH on a per kg
      body weight basis (P less than .05) than the older swine (90 kg bodyweight, about
      30 weeks of age). However, the results suggest that the selection of swine for
      either leanness or fatness for 18 generations did not alter the MCR and SR of
      pGH. In addition, the differences observed between the younger and older swine
      suggest that GH is cleared at a more rapid rate and more GH is available per unit
      of mass in the younger animals.

PMID- 954652
TI  - Studies on a cell line from a functional rat thyroid tumor in continuous culture.
AB  - A clonal cell line derived from a functional and transplantable rat thyroid tumor
      was established in continuous monolayer culture by the use of enzymatic
      dissociation followed by an alternate culture-animal passage procedure. After
      being implanted backin the animal and again plated in culture, epithelial-like
      cells aggregated and rearranged themselves over the bottoms of dishes in
      structures resembling cross sections of a normal thyroid gland. The same
      morphology and growth pattern were maintained after innumerable subcultures and
      freeze/thawing periods. Cells grew with a population-doubling time of about 24 h
      in serum-supplemented synthetic medium. Cell monolayers stained with periodic
      acid-Schiff (PAS) showed a uniformly epithelial-like morphology; their cytoplasm
      contained abundant PAS-positive material that was resistant to enzymatic
      digestion with amylase. Thin-layer chromatography of acid-butanol cell extracts
      in primary and clonal cultures, followed by a specific and sensitive staining
      method for iodine compounds, demonstrated the presence of monoiodotyrosine (MIT),
      diiodotyrosine, and triiodothyronine-thyroxine. In contrast, in similar extracts
      obtained from a cultured liver cell line, the only iodinated amino acid was MIT.
      Thus, with regard to the above criteria, this cell line preserved specialized
      thyroid cell morphology and function.

PMID- 954653
TI  - Circadian rhythms of serum renin activity and serum corticosterone, prolactin,
      and aldosterone concentrations in the male rat on normal and low-sodium diets.
AB  - To investigate the control of aldosterone secretion, non-stress levels of serum
      aldosterone, corticosterone, and prolactin, and renin activity were determined at
      4-h intervals during 24-h light-dark cycles in adult male rats on regular and low
      sodium diets. Circadian rhythms of plasma aldosterone, prolactin, and
      corticosterone concentrations and of serum renin activity were demonstrated
      during a regular sodium diet. When the rats were on a low-sodium diet, a
      circadian rhythm of serum corticosterone and aldosterone concentration was
      observed, but there was no circadian variation in serum renin activity or in
      serum prolactin concentration. Serum aldosterone concentration correlated with
      serum corticosterone concentration (r = 0.48) and serum renin activity (r = 0.36)
      during a low-sodium diet. Serum prolactin concentration did not correlate with
      serum aldosterone concentration or serum osmolality. These data are compatible
      with a role for renin and ACTH, but not for prolactin, in the modulation of
      aldosterone secretion in the rat.

PMID- 954654
TI  - Synthesis of 17beta-estradiol by isolated ovarian tissues of the pregnant rat:
      aromatization in the corpus luteum.
AB  - Corpora lutea from pregnant rats were incubated to determine their ability to
      produce 17beta-estradiol and to aromatize testosterone in vitro. Corpora lutea
      and non-luteal ovarian tissues were removed from rats on days 7, 15, and 22 of
      pregnancy, and these tissues were immediately frozen or incubated separately in
      medium 199 at 37 C in an atmosphere of 95% O2-5% CO2 for 4 h. 17Beta-Estradiol in
      tissue and medium were quantified by a highly specific radioimmunoassay. The
      estradiol content ivnariably increased in non-luteal tissues during incubation,
      while it decreased or remained the same in incubated corpora lutea. The synthesis
      in non-luteal tissues, which was 18 to 400-fold greter. The incubation of corpora
      lutea (5 to 25 mg of tissue) with testosterone (200 ng) on days 7, 15, and 22 of
      pregnancy resulted in a mean accumulation of 17beta-estradiol in medium of 2.5 x
      103 pg/mg tissue, compared with a mean value of 6 pg/mg for luteal tissue removed
      from the same ovaries and incubated without testosterone. The incubation of
      corpora lutea from 15-day pregnant rats with (7alpha-3H)-testosterone resulted in
      15% conversion to presumptive (7alpha-3H)17beta-estradiol, which was isolated
      identically to estradiol isolated for radioimmunoassay. Recrystallization to
      constant specific activity revealed a high degree of radiochemical purity (75%)
      of the isolated (3H)estradiol. Rat diaphragm muscle and rabbit corpora lutea did
      not aromatize testosterone to 17beta-estradiol in amounts detectable by
      radioirpora lutea in vitro is virtually diol by non-luteal ovarian tissues.
      However,the corpora lutea show a striking capacity to aromatize testosterone,
      which might explain the high estradiol content of the rat corpora lutea during
      pregnancy. The physiological significance of this aromatizing system and of
      17beta-estradiol in the corpus luteum is unknown but may be related to the
      luteotropic action of estradiol in the pregnant rat.

PMID- 954655
TI  - Cartilage sulfation and serum somatomedin in rats during and after cortisone
      induced growth arrest.
AB  - The uptake of sulfate by rib cartilage in vitro and in vivo and the serum
      somatomedin activity by bioassay were determined in male rats during and after
      cortisone-induced growth arrest. Experimental treatment consisted of subcutaneous
      injections of cortisone acetate in a dose of 2.5 mg/rat/day for 4 days, beginning
      at 29 to 30 days of age in Buffalo rats, or 5 mg/rat/day for 4 or 5 days,
      beginning at 39 to 41 days of age in Long-Evans rats. Groups of hypophysectomized
      rats were studied in parallel in one experiment. The sulfate uptake in the
      controls declined linearly with increasing age in both the in vitro and the in
      vivo studies. Hypophysectomy resulted in a constant low level of sulfate uptake
      in vitro. At the end of cortisone treatment, the in vitro sulfate uptake was
      approximately midway between that of the hypophysectomized rats and that of
      controls; at 7 days recovery, it was at the control level; at 14 days it showed
      an additional rise above the control value; from 14 days to 35 days it declined
      parallel with but above the sulfate uptake of controls. The in vivo sulfate
      uptake was depressed by cortisone treatment. During recovery it approximately
      control values at recovery day 21. In succeeding recovery periods in vivo sulfate
      uptake remained at control levels. Serum somatomedin activity was significantly
      reduced during cortisone treatment; it returned to the control level by 21 days
      of recovery. The incubation of the cartilage of controls and cortisone-treated
      rats at 14 days of recovery with and without the presence of normal rat serum,
      cortisone recovery serum, or hypophysectomy serum resulted in significantly
      higher sulfate uptake in the cortisone-treated rat cartilage in each medium.
      These sera did not differ significantly in their stimulation of sulfate uptake in
      either cortisone recovery cartilage or control cartilage. Both treated and
      control cartilage had greater sulfate uptake with larger doses of serum added to
      the medium. The dose-response curves were parallel during treatment and early
      recovery; but the slopes of the dose-response curves of the cartilage of
      cortisone-treated rats were greater than those of the controls during late
      recovery. It is concluded that the increased in vitro sulfation after 14 days of
      recovery in cortisone-treated rats signifies a persistent alteration in cartilage
      metabolism. Normal in vivo sulfate uptake during that time may be the result of
      humoral controls. A mechanism other than the impairment of somatomedin production
      is probably involved in the failure of catch-up growth after glucocorticoid
      treatment in the rat.

PMID- 954656
TI  - The metabolic clearance rates and interconversion of cortisol and cortisone in
      pregnant and nonpregnant baboons.
AB  - Pregnancy alters the pattern of maternal cortisol (F) metabolism and increases
      the maternal serum cortisol-binding capacity (CBC) of baboons. To determine
      whether these changes are associated with alterations in F clearance,the
      metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and interconversion (p) of F and cortisone (E)
      were measured by continuous infusion of (3H)F and (14C)E in 9 regularly
      menstruating and 7 pregnant baboons (Papio papio). In nonpregnant animals, the
      values (X +/- SE) for MCR-E (488 +/- 48 1/day) were greater (P less than 0.001)
      than those for MCR-F (214 +/- 22 1/day). The p value for the conversion of E
      leads to F (62.8 +/- 4.7%) was greater (P less than 0.001) than that for the
      reaction F leads to E (41.6 +/- 3.7%), indicating that F formation is favored.
      Consistent with MCR-E greater than MCR-F, the per cent of F bound to proteins
      other than albumin (75 +/- 2) was greater (P less than 0.001) than the per cent
      of E bound (52 +/-3). The production rate  (MCR x peripheral concentration;
      mug/min) of F (55.1 +/- 7.9) was greater (P less than 0.001) than that of E (28.5
      +/-3.9) with essentially all of the F being secreted directly (secretion rate
      51.2 +/- 7.9 mug/min). Essentially all of the E produced was derived from
      circulating F, vitually none being secreted directly (secretion rate 4.6 +/- 3.9
      mug/min). Pregnancy did not alter the MCR-F (190 +/- 23 1/day), MCR-E 525+/- 51
      1/day), per cent of F (79 +/- 3), or per cent of E (49 +/-3) bound,or F (57.2 +/-
      9.2 mug/min) or E (35.5 +/- 4.9 mug/min) production rates. CBC (mug F/100 ml) was
      significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated (25.3 +/- 2.3, nonpregnant vs 35.1 +/-
      u.6, pregnant). In addition, p E leads to F was increased (75.5 +/- 1.8%) as was
      p F leads to E (54.3 +/- 3.7%; P less than 0.01). We have concluded that the MCR
      F during pregnancy is more dependent on alterations in maternal metabolism than
      on the increased serum CBC characteristic of gestation. We suggest that the
      latter factor may be important in regulating the physiologic levels of the other
      steroids which bind to it.

PMID- 954657
TI  - The formation of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol by dog prostate.
AB  - The 3-keto reduction of (1.2-3H)dihydrotestosterone to 3alpha and 3beta
      androstanediol has been assessed in homogenates of 31 dog prostates that varied
      in size from less than 1 to greater than 15 g. The formation of both
      androstanediols was demonstrable in microsomes and cytosol, and both NADH and
      NADPH were effective cofactors for the two reactions. The formation of 3beta
      androstanediol per unit weight of prostate or per mg protein did not show a clear
      cut relation with the size fo the gland, but 3alpha-androstanediol formation per
      mg microsomal protein increased as a linear function with size so that the rates
      were on an average 10-fold greater in prostates greater than 15 g than in those
      less than 5 g in weight.

PMID- 954658
TI  - Acute changes in norepinephrine content in the median eminence induced by
      orchidectomy or testosterone replacement.
AB  - Median eminence catecholamines were measured in individual samples from intact,
      castrated, or sham-operated male rats, in order to correlate changes in
      catecholamine content with the early post-castration rise in serum LH levels.
      Both norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were measured by an enzymatic-isotopic
      assay and advantage was also taken of a method recently developed that makes it
      possible to obtain the median eminence free of the surrounding hypothalamus.
      Determinations were made at 4, 8, or 24 h after surgery. All animals were killed
      between 1400 and 1600 h. It was observed that castration increases the ME content
      of NE significantly at all the times studied, with peak values 8 h after
      orchidectomy. Sham operation induced a significant decrease in NE content in the
      ME 4 h after surgery. By 8 h the NE values had returned to intact control levels.
      Both castration and sham operation induced a significant decrease in DA levels 4
      h after surgery. By 8 h, DA values had returned to intact control levels in both
      groups. When the NE levels in castrated rats had reached the highest value, serum
      LH values had not departed from control levels, indicating that the change in NE
      content in the ME takes place prior to the expected rise in LH. Testosterone
      replacement therapy (40 mug/100 gBW) of castrated rats blocked the increase in NE
      content observed 8 h after castration. Dopamine levels were not affected by this
      treatment. These results support the concept that the NE contained in median
      eminence catecholaminergic terminals participates in the feed-back regulation of
      LH secretion in the male rat, while DA is apparently not involved under the
      present conditions.

PMID- 954659
TI  - Studies on the extra-hepatic effects of glucagon in the eviscerated rat.
AB  - The in vivo effects of glucagon on the metabolism of extra-hepatic tissues have
      been investigated in eviscerated, functionally hepatectomized rats with intact
      kidneys. In these animals, even pharmacological amounts of exogenous glucagon did
      not significantly alter plasma glucose, FFA, or amino acids, compared with saline
      treatment. The possible secondary release of adrenal catecholamines following
      such doses of glucagon appeared to be similarly ineffective in increasing the
      peripheral tissue mobilization of substrates. It was only when the eviscerated
      animals were pretreated with insulin that the subsequent administration of
      glucagon or epinephrine elicited significant elevations in plasma FFA. The
      concomitant evisceration and adrenalectomy did not produce results which were
      significantly different from evisceration alone. Both kinds of animals required
      insulin pretreatment before a lipolytic response to glucagon or epinephrine could
      be demonstrated. This suggests that severe insulin insufficiency itself elicits
      almost maximum catabolism in these animals and that the further addition of other
      catabolic hormones such as glucagon or epinephrine cannot increase these
      catabolic effects, as manifest in plasma concentrations of FFA. These data show
      an extra-hepatic lipolytic effect of glucagon in vivo, but do not illuminate the
      significance of this effect in the intact animal.

PMID- 954660
TI  - Presence of melatonin in plasma and urine or pinealectomized rats.
AB  - Melatonin was shown to occur in rat plasma and urine after pinealectomy by
      bioassay, radioimmunoassay, and thin-layer chromatography. Total daily excretion
      of melatonin in pinealectomized rats was about 20% of control. Light-dark rhythms
      of plasma melatonin levels and urinary excretion rates disappeared after
      pinealectomy.

PMID- 954661
TI  - Catecholamine involvement in episodic luteinizing hormone release in adult
      ovariectomized rats.
AB  - This study was intended to examine the role of hypothalamic norepinephrine (HNE)
      and dopamine (HDA) in episodic luteinizing hormone (LH) release in adult
      ovariectomized rats. Unrestrained, unanesthetized rats with indwelling right
      atrial cannulae were bled continuously (30, 50, or 100 mul of whole blood/4-6 min
      for 3-4 hours), and the blood samples were analyzed for LH by radio-immunoassay.
      In other individual rats, changes in the hypothalamic levels of norepinephrine
      and dopamine after drug administration were determined by a radioisotopic
      enzymatic catechol-O-methyl transferase assay. alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine
      significantly decreased HNE and HDA concentrations but failed to alter episodic
      LH release. Two dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors (U-14,624 and FLA-63) caused
      marked reductions in HNE, small but not statistically significant increases in
      HDA, and an inhibition of episodic LH secretion. Apomorphine, a dopamine receptor
      stimulator, caused a transient (50-60 min) but marked inhibition of episodic LH
      release. Saline injection had no effect. Pimozide, a blocker of dopamine
      receptors, prevented the inhibitory effects seen following apomorphine. Although
      not studied in detail, pimozide alone did not appear to alter episodic LH
      secretion. These data suggest that in adult ovariectomized rats norepinephrine
      may be an excitatory neurotransmitter in the modulation of episodic LH release.
      The activation of dopamine receptors may be capable of inhibiting this release
      process. However, the apparent inability of pimozide alone to alter episodic LH
      discharge suggests that under physiological conditions dopamine may not play a
      role in the modulation of episodic LH secretion.

PMID- 954662
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the arcuate nucleus in ovariectomized rats inhibits
      episodic luteinizing hormone (LH) release but excites LH release after estrogen
      priming.
AB  - The effect of electrical stimulation of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
      (ARH) on the blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) was studied in
      ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Unanesthetized, unrestrained rats were bled
      continuously (30 or 50 mul whole blood/4-6 min) through indwelling right atrial
      cannulae for 1 1/2-2h prior to the onset of stimulation. The bleeding was
      continued for the following three hours, during which electrical stimulation was
      applied for two 60 min periods separated by a 60 min non-stimulation period.
      Whole blood was analyzed for LH by radioimmunoassay. Electrical stimulation of
      the ARH in ovx rats inhibited the episodic LH release characteristic of these
      animals. The inhibition was rapid in onset, beginning within minutes, and lasted
      for most if not all of the stimulation period or longer. The blood LH levels
      returned to control values prior to the second stimulation period during which
      the inhibitory response was again seen. Stimulation in other hypothalamic areas
      outside the ARH was generally ineffective, although repeatable inhibition of
      episodic LH release did occur in 2 of 3 rats stimulated in the periventricular
      nucleus. In a second study, ovx rats were primed with 5 mug estradiol
      benzoate/100 g body weight/day for 2 days prior to stimulation. In these rats,
      stimulation of the ARH or median eminence produced increases in LH release,
      whereas stimulation in other hypothalamic areas outside the ARH was ineffective.
      The parameters of electrical stimulation that produced increases in LH release
      were the same as those that caused the inhibition of episodic LH release. The
      results demonstrate that electrical stimulation of the ARH inhibits LH release in
      ovx rats, but increases LH release if the animals have been primed with estrogen.

PMID- 954663
TI  - Direct stimulation by growth hormone of glucagon and insulin release from
      isolated rat pancreas.
AB  - The acute effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) upon the release of glucagon and
      insulin from the isolated perfused rat pancreas were investigated in the presence
      of 5.6 mM glucose. Glucagon and insulin release occurred in response to 10(-9),
      10(-8) and 10(-7)M bGH within 1-2 min and dissipated within 4 min; a significant
      increase was seen at 24 sec for glucagon and at 48 sec for insulin. In this
      concentration range, a dose-response relationship was established for both islet
      hormones. Upon the addition of 5 mM fumarate, glutamate, and pyruvate, glucagon
      and insulin release occurred also in response to 10(-11) and 10(-10)M bGH. In the
      absence of glucose, in response to 10(-7)M bGH, the magnitude of glucagon release
      was similar to that seen with 5.6 mM glucose; but the release of insulin failed
      to occur. In the presence of 16.7 mM glucose, the release of glucagon was blunted
      and that of insulin augmented. The data indicate that growth hormone can
      stimulate acutely the release of glucagon and insulin at physiological as well as
      pharmacological concentrations. These rapid and short-lived effects are likely to
      be direct and not mediated through the generation of somatomedin. The stimulatory
      effect of growth hormone appears to favor the release of glucagon under
      conditions of glucose lack, and of insulin under conditions of glucose abundance.
      These results indicate that growth hormone may have a tonic effect on islet
      hormone release.

PMID- 954664
TI  - Influence of synthetic somatostatin upon growth hormone release from perifused
      rat pituitaries.
AB  - Basal release of pre-labeled, stored tritiated rat growth hormone ([3H]rGH) from
      perfused rat pituitary explants is a constant fraction of pituitary [LH]rGH
      content. Synthetic somatostatin (SRIF) inhibits the release of pre-labeled,
      stored [3H]rGH in a dose-dependent fashion. Prolonged exposure to SRIF results in
      an immediate and continuous inhibition of [3H]rGH release. In the in vitro
      perifusion system, the maximal inhibition, which is achieved with 25 nM SRIF,
      results in a rate of [3H]rGH release which is 30 to 40 per cent of basal release.
      Pulses of SRIF produce inhibition of [3H]rGH release followed by rebound release
      after withdrawal of SRIF. When the time of exposure to SRIF is held constant,
      both the SRIF-induced inhibition and the rebound release of [3H]rGH are dose
      dependent. A similar progressive response is seen when a constant SRIF
      concentration is pulsed for variable periods of time. There is no net inhibition
      of [3H]rGH release by pulses of SRIF.

PMID- 954665
TI  - Ultradian growth hormone rhythm in the rat: effects of feeding, hyperglycemia,
      and insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
AB  - Temporal patterns of plasma GH, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and glucose were
      defined by obtaining serial blood samples from freely-moving male rats bearing
      chronic intracardiac venous cannulae.  Blood was withdrawn every 15 min for
      periods of 6 h.  Plasma GH and IRI were determined by radioimmunoassay.  The
      typical ultradian rhythm of GH secretion was evident in each undisturbed animal
      (peaks greater than 200 ng/ml; troughs less than 1 ng/ml; mean period:  3.40 +/
      0.08 h).  Basal plasma IRI and glucose levels fluctuated minimally.  There was no
      significant correlation between plasma GH and IRI, GH and glucose, or IRI and
      glucose levels in unfed rats.  The rhythmic GH secretory patterns of feeding
      animals (mean period: 3.12 +/-0.16 h; peaks greater than 200 ng/ml; troughs less
      than 1 ng/ml) were similar to those of non-feeding animals (mean period:  3.34 +/
      0.15 h; peaks greater than 200 ng/ml; troughs less than 1 ng/ml) despite large
      fluctuations in plasma IRI levels and a wide variation in the number and size of
      the meals taken.  No consistent relation was observed between the ingestion of
      meals and the bursts of GH secretion.  The mean period of the GH rhythm was not
      significantly altered by hyperglycemia (mean period; 3.25 +/- 0.08 h), although
      the amplitude of the pulses of half of the hyperglycemic rats was markedly
      depressed. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia caused a significant depression in the
      amplitude of the GH pulses; however, the pattern of this response was not
      consistent.  Despite wide variability in the GH response, the magnitude and time
      course of recovery of the plasma glucose levels was similar in all animals. These
      results suggest that GH secretion in the rat is regulated primarily by an
      endogenous ultradian rhythm which is not dependent on changes in plasma glucose
      or IRI levels, and continues to function independently of feeding behavior.  It
      is unlikely that GH is an important physiologic regulator of glucose homeostasis
      in this species.

PMID- 954666
TI  - Negative feedback control of LH by testosterone: a quantitative study in male
      rats.
AB  - Adult male rats were castrated and implanted sc with testosterone (T)-filled
      Silastic capsules of different sizes which produce stable plasma T levels
      proportional to capsule length.  T and LH levels were determined in blood samples
      obtained at 3-day intervals for 21 days.  Plasma T values greater than 1.8 ng/ml
      suppressed plasma LH to levels below the intact range, while a plasma T of less
      than 0.5 ng/ml yeilded no significant inhibition of the post-castration LH rise. 
      Animals with a plasma T of about 0.7 ng/ml, however, showed intact, castrate, or
      immediate LH levels.  The feedback-effective range for all animals was between
      0.5 ngT/mg (castrate-like LH response) and 1.8 ng/ml (LH at or below intact
      levels), but individual rats seemed to have a more restricted feedback range than
      that indicated by these group data.  To test this hypothesis further, rats were
      implanted at the time of castration with five 5-mm T-filled capsules.  One
      capsule was removed each week, producing step function drops in plasma T, and
      allowing examination of the LH responses of individual animals.  Plasma t levels
      greater than 1.6 ng/ml maintained LH values at or below intact levels.  However,
      when plasma T dropped to 1.1 ng/ml, some rats showed castration-like LH increase
      and others did not respond until after a further drop to 0.6 ng/ml.  It was
      concluded that the feedback-effective range of plasma T is very restricted and
      differs in individual rats.

PMID- 954667
TI  - Seasonal profiles of plasma luteinizing hormone, testosterone and estradiol in
      the ram.
AB  - Plasma profiles of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2)
      have been determined in five mature rams during the primary breeding season
      (September) and again when breeding activity was low (May). Blood samples
      collected every half h for 24 h during September or May showed that LH was
      released into the general circulation as distinct peaks. Although this secretory
      pattern was not the same for all rams and seasonal differences were noted in
      certain individuals, it is suggested that an inherent rhythm persists within each
      ram. With the exception of one ram in September, obvious T peaks were preceded by
      LH peaks greater than 2 ng/ml (LH-T interval less than 60 min). Season had no
      effect on the number and magnitude of LH peaks or on the mean concentrations;
      however, basal levels of LH were higher (P less than 0.01) in September than in
      May. Seasonal differences in peripheral T levels were more dramatic with mean,
      baseline, and peak concentrations elevated (p less than 0.01) during the fall.
      The number of T peaks, like those of LH, was not affected by season. Large
      variations in circulating levels of E2 made any possible relationship between
      this hormone and LH or T difficult to identify. Furthermore, a diurnal or
      seasonal rhythm could not be established for E2 in this study. It is concluded
      that seasonal differences occur in secretory patterns of LH and T and that a
      cause and effect relationship between these two hormones exists. Under conditions
      of this study, neither a consistent relationship between E2 and LH or T, nor a
      seasonal difference in mean E2 levels, was apparent.

PMID- 954668
TI  - Evidence for adrenergic mediation of cholinergic inhibition of prolactin release.
AB  - Pilocarpine, a cholinergic agonist, significantly reduced the high levels of
      serum prolactin in estrogen-primed male rats and in female rats on the late
      afternoon of proestrus. In male rats treated with reserpine, chlorpromazine,
      haloperidol, or pimozide, serum prolactin levels were greatly elevated.
      Subsequent treatment with pilocarpine failed to reduce serum prolactin
      concentrations in these rats. When atropine, a cholinergic antagonist, was
      injected ip in doses of 3 to 250 mg/kg into male rats, prolactin release was not
      altered. However, when atropine was injected prior to pilocarpine, it prevented
      the reduction in serum prolactin by the latter drug. Methyl-atropine, which does
      not enter the CNS, did not prevent pilocarpine from inhibiting prolactin release.
      These results suggest that cholinergic inhibition of prolactin release is
      mediated via adrenergic neurons, and thus support a role for a cholinergic link
      in hypothalamic regulation of prolactin release.

PMID- 954669
TI  - The insulinotropic action of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in the perfused
      isolated rat pancreas.
AB  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) produced a dose-related increase in
      immunoreactive insulin (IRI) from the perfused isolated rat pancreas. The doses
      employed were within physiological limits. This effect was glucose-concentration
      dependent in that there existed a threshold concentration of glucose above which
      GIP exerted the insulinotropic action, and that, at a fixed concentration of GIP,
      increased glucose concentrations stimulated IRI release in more than an additive
      manner. A biologically active fragment of the GIP molecule was isolated and
      purified. All criteria have been satisfied that GIP is an insulinotropic hormone.

PMID- 954670
TI  - Gonadotrophin stimulation of progesterone synthesis by midpregnancy mouse ovarian
      cells in vitro.
AB  - The ability of cultured midpregnancy mouse ovarian cells to synthesize
      progesterone de novo and from oxogenous pregnenolone has been assessed. The
      conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone is almost completely blocked by
      cyanoketone, a known inhibitor of delta5,3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      (3beta-HSD) activity, but is unaffected by aminoglutethimide, which inhibits the
      cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme complex (desmolase). Since there is little
      metabolism of the formed progesterone, the ability of ovarian cells to convert
      exogenous pregnenolone to progesterone in vitro reflects the activity of 3beta
      HSD in these cells. Cultured ovarian cells are also capable of endogenous
      progesterone production in the absence of added pregnenolone, although the
      absolute amount of progesterone produced is considerably less than that produced
      from exogenous pregnenolone. Since endogenous progesterone accumulation is almost
      completely blocked by the addition of aminoglutethimide to the culture medium, it
      is concluded that this response does represent de novo progesterone synthesis.
      Neither bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) nor human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)
      affects 3beta-HSD activity in cultured ovarian cells. The ability of the cells to
      secrete or to further metabolize the progesterone formed is also unaffected.
      However, both LH and hCG stimulate endogenous progesterone production within one
      hour of their addition to the culture medium. The stimulation, 2-10 fold in
      several experiments, can be maintained for at least six days of culture, and is
      not a result of an increase in the growth rate of the ovarian cells. As would be
      expected, the stimulation is blocked by the addition of aminoglutethimide to the
      culture medium. Taken together, these facts suggest that gonadotrophic hormones
      stimulate progesterone production by ovarian cells specifically by their action
      at steps prior to the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone.

PMID- 954671
TI  - Pressor action of centrally perfused angiotensin II in rats with hereditary
      hypothalamic diabetes insipidus.
AB  - A method was devised for the perfusion of the cerebral ventricles in conscious
      rats. Using this method a basal secretion rate of 15 +/- 3 pg of immunoreactive
      angiotensin II per min was calculated. This material was suggested to be of
      extrarenal origin. In comparison to findings in normal Long-Evans rats, pressor
      responses to intraventricular perfusions of angiotensin II were reduced in rats
      heterozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus and virtually absent in rats
      homozygous for the hypothalamic deficiency whether they were treated with
      vasopressin or not. The pressor response to intraventricular angiotensin II is
      suggested to be related to the release of vasopressin.

PMID- 954672
TI  - Maturation and survival of spermatozoa in the epididymis of pregnenolone treated
      hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Adult hypophysectomized male rats were injected daily with 2 mg pregnenolone for
      30 days. In these rats the testosterone concentrations in peripheral blood (0.5
      ng/ml) and testes (46 ng/g) were appreciably lower than in intact rats (4.1 ng/ml
      and 167 ng/g, respectively). In hypophysectomized animals treated with
      pregnenolone the testes and epididymides were much better maintained than the
      prostates and seminal vesicles. High concentrations of dihydrotestosterone were
      found to be present in the head (12 ng/g) and body (8 ng/g) of the epididymis of
      these rats. Although the number of spermatozoa in the distal part of the
      epididymis of pregnenolone-treated hypophysectomized rats was only 23% of the
      number found in intact control animals, the spermatozoa were fertile.

PMID- 954673
TI  - Sympathetic nerve endings in the pineal gland protect against acute stress
      induced increase in N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5.) activity.
AB  - Injection of the antidepressant desmyethylimipramine (DMI, 10 mg/kg) into intact
      rats or into rats in which the superior cervical ganglia had been decentralized
      caused a marked enhancement of the swimming stress-induced increase in pineal
      gland acetyl-CoA:serotonin N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.5)
      activity. DMI is known to block uptake, the transport of catecholamines by nerve
      endings. It was found that DMI had no effect on enzyme activity in superior
      cervical ganglionectomized (SCGX) rats which were swimming stressed. The pineal
      glands of these animals are devoid of nerve endings. In unstressed intact or
      unstressed surgically altered rats, injection of DMI caused only a minor increase
      in N-acetyltransferase activity, which was much smaller than that seen after
      stress. After 5 h in organ culture sympathetic nerve endings within the pineal
      gland are still intact. At this time DMI treatment of pineal glands taken from
      intact rats shifted the dose-response curve for epinephrine (EPI) stimulation of
      N-acetyltransferase activity by two orders of magnitude, but caused only a slight
      change in the dose-response curve for isoproterenol, which is not taken up into
      nerve endings. In contrast, DMI treatment in organ culture had no effect on the
      dose-response curve for EPI in denervated pineal glands. These results support
      the hypothesis that the response of pineal N-acetyltransferase activity to
      stimulation by stress is influenced by uptake. It would appear that in addition
      to terminating neuronal adrenergic transmission, this transport process
      physiologically protects the pineal gland against nontranssynaptic adrenergic
      stimulation.

PMID- 954674
TI  - Parathyroid hormone as a possible causal factor in osteopetrosis of the tl rat.
AB  - The possibility of parathyroid dysfunction as a causal factor in the
      osteopetrosis of the tl rats was explored by evaluating serum calcium (Ca) and
      immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations in this strain of rats,
      as compared with those of phenotypically normal littermate (LM) and non
      littermate (NLM) control groups. The mean serum Ca concentration in the tl rat
      was not significantly different from that of the NLM group, although it was less
      than that of the LM group. However, all Ca values were within the normal range.
      The mean serum iPTH concentration in the tl rats was not significantly different
      from those of either control group. The data indicate that the adult tl rat has
      adequate but not excessive PTH secretion. Therefore, osteopetrosis and its
      manifestations in the adult tl are not caused by an abnormality of parathyroid
      function.

PMID- 954675
TI  - Anesthetics and thyrotropin secretion in the rat.
AB  - The effects of seven anesthetics (thiopentone, 50 mg/kg ip; pentobarbitone, 50
      mg/kg ip; chloral hydrate, 300 mg/kg ip; urethane, 1,5 g/kg, 1/2ip, 1/2sc; ether;
      methoxyflurane, 1,5%; halothane, 2%) on basal serum TSH concentrations and on the
      cold-induced as well as the TRH-induced TSH responses were studied in Sprague
      Dawley rats. The basal TSH level in female rats were decreased by ether and
      halothane at 30 min and somewhat increased by pentobarbitone and chloral hydrate.
      The cold-induced (4C, 30-60 min) TSH response of the warm-adapted male rats (30
      C, 7 days) was decreased by all of the anesthetics studied, but the effect of
      pentobarbitone was not significant. The TRH-induced (50 ng iv) TSH response in
      female rats was totally abolished only by deep ether anesthesia but augmented by
      bariturates and chloral hydrate. It is concluded that all of the anesthetics
      studied can modify the secretion of TSH by their central effects. Ether in high
      concentration seems to be effective also at the pituitary level. The use of
      anesthetics may be a source of error when studying the neurotransmitter control
      of TSH-TRH secretion in the rat.

PMID- 954676
TI  - Influence of superoxide dismutase and catalase on the stimulation by phagocytosis
      of L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine deiodination in the human leukocyte.
AB  - Neither superoxide dismutase, which destroys the superoxide radical by catalyzing
      its conversion to hydrogen peroxide, nor catalase prevented the stimulation by
      phagocytosis of the deiodination of L-thyroxine or L-triiodothyronine in human
      leukocytes. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase led to an increase in the
      proportion of iodinated material, which remained at the origin during
      chromatography in a butanol-acetic acid-water solvent system, whereas catalase
      had the opposite effect. The data suggest that neither the superoxide radical nor
      hydrogen peroxide plays a major role in the stimulation of deiodination of
      hormone, but that once deiodination has occurred, hydrogen peroxide is more
      important than that superoxide radical in subsequent iodination reactions within
      the leukocyte.

PMID- 954677
TI  - Supersensitivity of anterior pituitary dopamine receptors involved in the
      inhibition of prolactin secretion following destruction of the medial basal
      hypothalamus.
AB  - The medial basal hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats was destroyed using a
      modified Halasz knife. Large increases in prolactin secretion were observed 1 and
      14 days following the lesions. Long- and short-term lesioned animals were
      anesthetized with chloral hydrate and treated with various doses of apomorphine
      (0.05, 0.2, 2, 5 mg/kg). Blood samples were obtained before and 10, 30 and 60
      minutes after the injection. Both the 0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg doses caused
      significantly greater and longer-lasting inhibition of prolactin in long-term
      than in short-term lesioned animals. Since the MBH was totally destroyed this
      study suggests that anterior pituitary dopamine receptors involved in the
      inhibition of prolactin secretion become supersensitive in long-term lesioned
      rats.

PMID- 954678
TI  - Secretion of an FSH-inhibiting factor by cultured Sertoli cells.
AB  - Levels of LH and FSH released in vitro by rat anterior pituitary cells which were
      either co-cultured with isolated rat Sertoli cells or were grown with spent media
      recovered from the cultured Sertoli cells were measured by radioimmunoassay. The
      amounts of FSH released by pituitary cells grown for three days with Sertoli
      cells isolated from 31-36 day old rats or spent media from the cultured Sertoli
      cells, were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower compared to control pituitary
      cultures grown with fresh chemically defined medium. In contrast, the levels of
      LH were similar to the controls. The selective inhibition of FSH release was not
      observed when pituitary cells were co-cultured with rat spleen or kidney cells or
      with ruptured Sertoli cells. The FSH-inhibiting Sertoli-cell factor (SCF) was
      found to be a heat-labile macromolecule. It is suggested that the SCF may be
      secreted by the Sertoli cells in vivo, and regulate FSH secretion via negative
      feedback mechanism at the pituitary level.

PMID- 954679
TI  - Dual effect of clomiphene citrate on pituitary gonadotropin secretion in
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - Fifteen postmenopusal women were given 25 mg, 50 mg of clomiphene citrate daily
      by mouth for 3 consecutive days. Significant (p less than 0.01)decrease of serum
      LH (73%, 65%) and FSH (76%, 76%) resulted after administration of 25 mg and 50 mg
      clomiphene citrate respectively. The suppressive effect was sustained for at
      least 4 days after cessation of this drug. On other hand decreased LH and FSH
      levels after administration of ethinyl estradiol increased again by simultaneous
      administration of clomiphene citrate. These results suggest deficient subjects
      but anti-estrogenic effects are evident when serum estrogen levels are restored
      in subjects with estrogen deficiency.

PMID- 954680
TI  - Studies on in vitro synthesis and secretion of human chorionic gonadtropin and
      its subunits.
AB  - Human chorionic tissues were cultivated in vitro in they presence of 3H-proline
      in order to study the synthesis of the hCG and its subunits by the placenta.
      After terminating the culture, tissue extracts and media were individually gel
      filtrated on Sephadex G-100. The eluted fractions were radioimmunoassayed for
      hCG, hCGalpha and hCGbeta and were measured for 3H-radioactivity. Label
      incorporation was determined by immunoprecipitation. Elution profiles of tissue
      extracts showed the existence of large immunologic forms of hHCG, hCGalpha and
      hCGbeta emerging near the void volume. The amounts of these large immunologic
      species in chorionic tissue gradually decreased during the course of cultivation.
      3H-proline was almost exclusively incorporated into the large immunologic forms
      of hCG, hCGalpha and hCGbeta within the chrionic tissue during the 5-hour
      exposure. A great quantity of hCGalpha was found in the media after the 3-day
      culture, while the amount of hCGbeta found in the media was minute. After a 15
      minute pulse, the 3H-radioactivity peak within the chorionic tissue appeared in
      the void volume, conicidental with hCG immunoreactivity. During the chase period,
      there was shift of the 3H-radioactivity peak associated with hCG immunoreactivity
      from the void volume to the more retarded area. In the media until after the 60
      minute chase, no labeled hCG and its subunits appeared. Within the media after 3
      hour chase, no labeled hCG peak associated with 3H-radioactivity was more
      retarded on Sephadex G-100 than that within the tissue extract after the 15
      MINUTE pulse. These results suggest that the large immunologic forms of hCG,
      HCGalpha and hCGbeta are synthesized as the earliest detectable biosynthetic
      forms and that the may then be converted to small molecule species. In the
      culture of molar trophoblastic tissues after a 15-minute pulse, considerable
      amounts of hCG and its subunits accompanied by high 3H-radioactively had already
      been secreted into the media. These observations suggest that protein synthesis
      by molar trophoblastic tissue is markedly enhanced as compared with that by
      normal chorionic tissue and that immunoreactive materials synthesized in molar
      trophoblastic tissue may be secreted more radily than those synthesized a in
      normal chorionic tssue.

PMID- 954681
TI  - Intratesticular tissue fluid (ITF) for the micro-bioassay of LH.
AB  - Intratesticular tissue fluid (ITF) was obtained by centrifugation of the
      decapsulated testis of the adult rat. Testosterone level in ITF was increased by
      direct injection of LH into the testis and was lowered by anti-LH serum. Based on
      the result of previous reports with testosterone in testicular vein blood, a
      simplification of the LH bioassay without imparing sensitivity and accuracy was
      undertaken using ITF as the material for testosterone measurement. Dose-response
      relationship between injected LH and testosterone concentration in ITF was
      observed. The sensitivity of the assay was 5 ng for LH (NIH-LH-S15). FSH (NIH-FSH
      S10) and prolactin (NIH-P-S11) had no detectable activity on testosterone
      production. This assay method depending on biological activities of LH will be
      helpful for unbiased evaluation of the result obtained by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 954682
TI  - Free amino acids in the caput and the cauda epididymis of adult rats.
AB  - To examine the content and the composition of free amino acids in the
      intraluminal fluid of rat epididymis, the fluids were obtained by light pressure
      on the dissected tissues. The amount of the total free amino acids in the pressed
      fluid from the caput epididymis was significantly higher than those of the cauda
      epididymis and the testis. Glu and Gln were predominant amino acids in the caput,
      and their amounts occupied more than half of the total ninhydrin reactive
      compounds. Such a high concentration of Glu and Gln was not observed either in
      the cauda or in the testis. Castration decreased Glu and increased Gln in amount.
      Testosterone treatment to castrated animals did not restore Glu and Gln contents
      in the pressed fluid from the caput epididymis to the level observed in intact
      rats completely. Therefore, it was assumed that a large amount of Glu in the
      caput was due to many factors; secretion and metabolism of epithelial cells of
      the gland which might be regulated by androgen, inflow of rete testis fluid, and
      sperm metabolism of amino acids in the epididymis. The results obtained from the
      caput epididymis to which the efferent duct of the testis was ligated also
      supported this interpretation.

PMID- 954683
TI  - Heterotypical sexual behavior in male rats: individual difference in lordosis
      respones.
AB  - Castrated Wistar male rats were primed with varying amounts of estradiol benzoate
      (EB) for successive 2 days and progesterone (P) on the third day 6-8 hr prior to
      the  behavioral test. The tests were performed 4 times at 2-3 weeks intervals. As
      a priming procedure for the first behavioral test, 50 mug EB and 0.5 mg P were
      given. The quantity of P was kept constant therafter. For the second test, the
      dose of EB was increased to 100 mug, but decreased again to 50 mug and further to
      10 mug for the third and fourth tests, respectively. The inciedence of animals
      showing lordosis was quite low, and was not significantly changed by increasing
      or decreasing the dosage of EB during the series of the behavioral tests. Forty
      three out of 51 animals never showed lordosis at all 4 behavioral tests. In
      contrast, 5 out of 8 rats which responded to mountings by the males continued to
      display lordosis behavior throughout the series of the successive 4 tests. This
      consistence of individual responeses during the series of the behavioral tests
      may indicate the possible existence of individual difference in lordosis responde
      in male rats.

PMID- 954684
TI  - Immunological studies on LATS-immunogloblin by the reaction with staphylococcal
      protein A.
AB  - The reaction of LATS activity with Staphylococcal Protein A, a specific binding
      protein with the Fc part of human IgG(1), IgG(2) and Ig(4), was examined. When
      IgG(1), IgG(2) and Ig(4) subclasses were removed from LATS positive sera or LATS
      IgG fractions by affinity chromatography on Protein A-Sepharose, LATS activity
      decreased. Almost all LATS activity was found in the fraction that reacted with
      Protein A. It is suggested that LATS has an expression of a very distinct
      immunoglobulin G structure, and that LATS activity is distributed mainly in the
      fraction containing IgG(1), Ig(2) and Ig(4) in LATS positive serum;

PMID- 954685
TI  - Effects of synthetic progestational steroids on liver and serum lipids in rats.
AB  - Effects of norethisterone (NT) purified norethisterone (pure NT), norethynodrel
      (NE), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP), chlormadinone acetate (CMA) and
      desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) on serum and liver lipid levels and serum
      lipoproteins were examined in both intact and estradiol-treated male rats. NT and
      NE caused a decrease in serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels, an increase in
      liver cholesterol level, no significant change in triglyceride levels of both
      serum and liver, with a significant change in serum lipoprotein patterns; a
      decreased in alpha- and beta-lipoproteins and a marked increase in pre beta
      lipoprotein. Pure NT decreased serum cholesterol without causing any change in
      lipoprotein pattern. MAP, CMA and DOCA causee almost no effect on lipid levels in
      serum and liver, but CMA and DOCA increased alpha-lipoprotein and decreased beta-
      and pre beta-lipoproteins. An acute treatment with estradiol caused a decrease in
      alpha- and beta-lipoproteins and an increase in pre beta-lipoprotein with a
      decrease in serum lipid levels and an increase in liver lipids. By contrary, a
      chronic treatment with a marked hypercholesterolemia. This increase of alpha
      lipoprotein in estradiol-treated rats was prevented by NT and NE, not affected or
      rather decreased by MAP but further increased with CMA and DOCA. These data
      suggest that the effects of synthetic progestational steroids on lipids are
      classified into two groups, 19-nortestosterone derivatives and 17alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone derivatives including DOCA. The former caused a decrease in
      serum lipid levels with an increase of pre beta-lipoprotein and adecrease of
      alpha-lipoprotein. The latter caused almost no change or a slight increase in
      serum lipid levels with a decrease in pre beta-lipoprotein and an increase in
      alpha-lipoprotein, though it was not found in MAP.

PMID- 954686
TI  - Long-term effects of vasectomy on the pituitary-gonadal system of rat and mouse.
AB  - A long-term vasectomy operation in rat and mouse did not reveal any consistent
      change in the weights of testis and androgen dependent organs. Histological
      structure of the testis and caput epididymis remains normal after vasectomy. The
      androgenic activity of the testis remains normal as reflected by fructose content
      of seminal vesicles. Pituitary cytology remains unaltered. Yellowish cysts were
      observed frequently in the cauda epididymis of experimental animals, associated
      with increased epididymal weights. The protein and RNA content of the testis did
      not show appreciable change. A significant increase was observed in the protein
      and RNA content of epididymis after bilateral vasectomy. There was no effect of
      bilateral vasectomy on sialic acid contents of testis and epididymis of rats and
      seminal vesicular fructose contents of mouse.

PMID- 954687
TI  - Competitive protein binding assay of oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone using
      uterine cytosol prepared from HCG-treated rabbits.
AB  - Uterine cytosol was prepared from rabbits after treatment with human chorionic
      gonadotrophin (HCG) and used for the determination of oestradiol-17 beta and
      oestrone by competitive protein binding (CPB) assay. The so obtained uterine
      cytosol gave higher percentage of binding and proved to be more stable when
      stored at --20 degrees C than cytosol obtained from the pregnant uterus.

PMID- 954688
TI  - Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on the testicular delta 5-3 beta
      hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase and spermatogenesis in hibernating toad (Bufo
      melanostictus).
AB  - A histochemical study of testicular delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      (delta 5-3 beta-OHD) and a quantitative study of seminiferous tubules in
      hibernating toad following the administration of HCG revealed stimulation in the
      activity of the enzyme delta 5-3 beta-OHD and the spermatogenesis by increasing
      spermiation, meiotic division and the maturation of secondary spermatogonia.

PMID- 954689
TI  - Comparative investigations on thyroglobulin biosynthesis in rabbit and guinea-pig
      thyroid in vitro.
AB  - The dynamics of biosynthesis of thyroglobulin (TG) subunits and their
      polymerization were studied comparatively in rabbit and guinea-pig thyroid in
      vitro. The incorporation of 14C-leucine into soluble, microsome-bound proteins
      (total and per mg) and into various fractions of soluble proteins was followed
      during incubation for 5 to 300 minutes. Some differences in TG synthesis between
      rabbits and guinea-pigs were observed, namely in the dynamics of 14C-leucine
      incorporation, the rate of subunit aggregation, the relationship between soluble
      and particulate proteins and the sedimentation characteristics of newly
      synthesized and pre-formed TG. The incorporation of 14C-leucine into soluble and
      microsome-bound proteins increased with time of incubation, but in rabbits the
      level of incorporation was much higher than in guinea-pigs. In rabbits, the ratio
      between radioactivity in soluble and particulate proteins decreased with time. In
      guinea-pig, this ratio increased with time of incubation and was much higher than
      in rabbits. Sucrose density gradient analysis of the newly formed soluble
      proteins showed that 12S fraction was synthesized in relatively large amounts,
      during early incubation of rabbit thyroid, although it was no found as a native
      protein in the thyroid extract of this species. After prolonged incubation the
      quantity of 12S protein decreased with a simultaneous increase in the amount of
      newly formed TG. The quick transformation of 12S subunit into TG is probably the
      reason why native 12S protein is absent in rabbit thyroid gland. However, in
      guinea-pigs the transformation into TG is much slower so that a considerable
      amount of radioactivity remained in the 12S fraction even after 300 min
      incubation. The results from rabbit experiments suggest that the 12S protein,
      probably represents a precursor of TG. In guinea-pig, the origin of 12S protein
      is twofold, as subunit of TG and as a product of its dissociation.

PMID- 954690
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease)].
AB  - The authors diagnosed diabetes mellitus together with Addison's disease in a 38
      year-old male patient. They are discussing therapeutic difficulties arising from
      the biglandular hypofunctional condition and the problems of the pathogenesis.

PMID- 954691
TI  - Lengthening of the duration of action of DDAVP by "ineffective" doses of
      clofibrate in patients with pituitary diabetes insipidus.
AB  - Duration of action of single intravenous and intranasal doses of 1-Deamino-8D
      Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP) was lengthened by "ineffective" doses of clofibrate
      (not affecting water metabolism when administered alone) in patients with
      pituitary diabetes insipidus. This interaction was observed when as low doses as
      0.02 mug DDAVP were administered intravenously to one patient and as high doses
      as 1 and 2 mug DDAVP were given intravenously to another patient. Administration
      of less or more DDAVP than "optimal" for the interaction resulted in decreased or
      absent potentiation by clofibrate. The exact cause of the interaction is unknown.

PMID- 954692
TI  - Treatment of diabetic coma with low-dose injections of insulin.
AB  - Twenty-one patients in severe diabetic coma were treated with small doses of
      insulin at a rate of 4.1 units per hour (total dose about 100 units per 24
      hours). Using single doses of 4 to 10 units by the intravenous or intramuscular
      routes the fall of blood glucose was steady in all cases. In the treatment of
      diabetic coma this regimen of insulin administration has proved simple, safe and
      effective since 1946. Main dangers during recompensation of diabetic coma are:
      hypovolaemia with oliguria -- anuria, dysequilibrium syndrome with cerebral edema
      and hypokalaemia. Therefore early intensive and adequate intravenous fluid and
      electrolyte replacement is the most important part of treatment. Most of the
      cases in this study were undiagnosed diabetics (14) and elderly patients (9).
      Three patients older than 65 years and a 56-year old diabetic died. In this
      context the most important aspects of treatment to avoid death are: prevention of
      diabetic coma and adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement especially in
      geriatric patients.

PMID- 954693
TI  - [Stimulation of ovarian function in infantile rats with testosterone alone or in
      combination with chorionic gonadotropin or clomiphene citrate].
AB  - Infantile female rats were subcutaneously injected with 2.5 mg testosterone
      within two days. The majority of the rats responded to this treatment with
      opening of the vagina, and about 50% developed an estrus. However, corpora lutea
      were not formed. Equally treated animals received additionally 0.2 i.u. HCG -- a
      dose which is inffective when given alone -- distributed on the second and third
      day of experiment. After this treatment an increased number of rats reacted with
      estrus and the development of corpora lutea. In infantile female rats, follicles
      stimulated by testosterone were also transformed into corpora lutea by an
      injection of 0.025 mg clomiphene citrate.

PMID- 954694
TI  - Histochemical observations on the adrenal gland of bat Vesperugo pipistrellus
      (Dobson).
AB  - The presence of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta
      HSDH), 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 11beta-HSDH), 17beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (17beta-HSDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) has
      been histochemically demonstrated in the zona glomerulosa, fasciculata and
      reticularis and also in the cortical cells that are found interspersed in the
      medulla of the adrenal gland of the bat, Vesperugo pipistrellus. The present
      study indicates that the adrenal cortex of the bat is capable of synthesizing
      corticosteroids and also sex steroids.

PMID- 954695
TI  - [Evaluation of the functioning of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid gland axis
      in the light of present-day research possibilities].

PMID- 954696
TI  - [Methodical problems attending the estimation of gastrin by the RIA method].

PMID- 954697
TI  - [Effect of age on the function of some endocrine glands].

PMID- 954698
TI  - [Incidence of goiter in pubertal girls of the Piotrkow Region and the iodide
      content in drinking water].

PMID- 954699
TI  - [Estradiol and progesterone plasma levels during normal menstrual cycle].

PMID- 954700
TI  - [Biochemical studies and bone tissue biopsy in primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 954701
TI  - Clothing and personal hygiene of astronauts.

PMID- 954702
TI  - Air pollution and the 1974-1975 influenza epidemic in Sofia; a statistical study.

PMID- 954703
TI  - Asbestos exposure during brake lining maintenance and repair.

PMID- 954704
TI  - Dynamic lung function changes following long-term work in polluted environments.

PMID- 954705
TI  - The permeability of the Syrian hamster placenta to mercury.

PMID- 954706
TI  - The effect of carbon monoxide on early rat embryo heart rates.

PMID- 954707
TI  - Mortality in St. Louis, Missouri, during heat waves in 1936, 1953, 1954, 1955,
      and 1966.

PMID- 954708
TI  - Efficacy of selenium in tuna and selenite in modifying methylmercury
      intoxication.

PMID- 954709
TI  - Employee exposure to airborne fiber and total particulate matter in two mineral
      wool facilities.

PMID- 954710
TI  - The effects of brief exposures to carbon monoxide on temporally differentiated
      responding.

PMID- 954711
TI  - Effect of ionizing tritium radiation in hermetically closed air on the removal of
      condensation nuclei.

PMID- 954712
TI  - Regulation of nitrogen catabolic enzymes in chick liver -- effects of amino
      acids.
AB  - It is well-known that in the chick, dietary protein increases the levels of
      several hepatic enzymes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism and excretion.
      However, the biochemical mechanism of this response is essentially unknown. The
      experiments presented in this paper show that the chick is responding to alpha
      amino nitrogen and not to any specific amino acid. Furthermore, it is shown that
      this system responds to endogenous sources of nitrogen as well as dietary protein
      and that the xanthine dehydrogenase response involves regulation of enzyme
      synthesis without changing the rate of degradation.

PMID- 954713
TI  - Changes in hepatic fatty acid degradation and blood lipid and ketone body content
      during development of the rat.
AB  - The following have been measured during the development of the laboratory rat:
      the rate of oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine, decanoylcarnitine, and 14C-palmitate
      by liver mitochondria; the concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood; the
      plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, and triglyceride.
      In each case, a rise after birth and a fall at weaning were observed. These
      changes can be correlated with the dietary changes which occur at these times.
      However, during the suckling period, when a constant high fat content diet is
      consumed, further marked changes in the parameters measured were observed which
      cannot be related to nutritional factors.

PMID- 954714
TI  - A comparative study of glytaminase isozymes in rat tissues.
AB  - The three kinds of glutamineses in rat kidney and liver were defined in
      comparative terms by their properties and were separately purified. Substantial
      purification was obtained by polymerization and depolymerization of the kidney
      isozyme that is activated by phosphate, These isozymes differ most strikingly in
      the activators of their reactions:maleate and a high concentration of phosphate,
      respectively, for the two kidney isozymes, and a low concentration of phosphate
      for the liver isozyme. The kidney isozyme that is activated by phosphate was also
      activated by a much lower concentration of ATP and by other complex phosphates.
      They also differ in physical properties: the maleate-activated isozyme was heat
      resistant (50 degrees C) and associated with insoluble submitochondrial
      particles; both phosphate-activated isozymes were heat sensitive and could be
      solubilized from their respective mitochondria; the phosphate-activated isozyme
      of kidney polymerized in phosphate-borate solution while that of liver did not.
      The characteristics of the kidney isozyme that was activated by high phosphate
      were shared by the glutaminases in adult brain, transplanted tumors, and in fetal
      liver and kidney. The similarity to the kidney enzyme was confirmed by the use of
      polymerization in phosphate borate of the isozyme from a mammary carcinoma to
      effect its purification.

PMID- 954715
TI  - The development of creatine kinase in rat skeletal muscle. Changes in isoenzyme
      ratio, protein, RNA and DNA during development.
AB  - The activity of cytosolic creatine kinase in rat skeletal muscle rises stepwise
      during development. The increases occur simultnaeously with transient increases
      in DNA content. The second increase is accompanied by a rise in total protein,
      soluble sarcoplasmic protein and RNA/DNA ratio. Such changes are not observed at
      20 days after birth, when creatine kinase finally accumulates to the adult level.
      Transient higher amounts of the MB and BB isoenzymes are observed after the first
      and second stepwise increase. The increase in creatine kinase activity observed
      after birth is predominantly due to an activation of the M gene. The BB isoenzyme
      is still present in adult skeletal muscle, but contributes little to the total
      activity.

PMID- 954716
TI  - Nature of the multiple forms of alanine aminopeptidase.
AB  - Alanine aminopeptidase (particle-bound aminopeptidase, EC 3.4.11.2) isolated in a
      highly purified state from human liver, kidney, and pancreas were investigated
      with regard to their different electrophoretic mobilities. While the molecular
      weights are identical, different isoelectric points were found. The results of
      carbohydrate analysis point to N-acetylneuraminic acid as the main factor that
      causes the differences in electrophoretic behaviour of the alanine
      aminopeptidases investigated.

PMID- 954717
TI  - Percutaneous tendon splitting--method and results.
AB  - The paper briefly describes the percutaneous tendon splitting operation as
      performed in general practice and evaluates its effectiveness on the basis of
      races run during a 2 year follow-up period. The results are compared with similar
      figures for normal Standardbred trotters. A higher percentage of horses subjected
      to splitting of the suspensory ligament failed to remain sound long enough to run
      more than 10 races during the follow-up period. The percentage of horses
      returning to racing whose superficial flexor was operated upon was somewhat lower
      than the control group.

PMID- 954718
TI  - Fractures of the pedal bone in the horse.
AB  - A series of 79 fractures of the pedal bone in various types of horses are
      reported and the clinical features described. The fractures were of 3 types-
      intra-articular or extra-articular, involving the wing of the pedal bone, and
      fractures of the extensor process. Forty-five horses with a fractured wing of the
      pedal bone were treated conservatively and 11 by immobilisation of the bony
      fragment with a compression screw. Conservative treatment was usually successful
      in the extra-articular fractures. Intra-articular fractures treated
      conservatively in animals under 3 years had a good prognosis. The results were
      not so satisfactory in older horses and surgical treatment proved to be the
      method of choice. All, but one, of the 23 fractures of the extensor process were
      treated conservatively. The prognosis was not always good, as secondary
      osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal joint sometimes developed.

PMID- 954719
TI  - Epidermoid cyst of the brain in the horse.
AB  - An aged Connemara mare had a neurological illness lasting 3 weeks and
      characterised by episodes of dullness, head-pressing, staggering gait and
      hyperexcitability. The signs recurred at intervals of 3 to 4 days, with
      intervening periods of apparent normality. Post-mortem examination revealed an
      epidermoid cyst on the dorsal surface of the occipital lobe of the left cerebral
      hemisphere. The cyst was lined by stratified squamous epithelium and contained
      desquamated keratinised material and blood. The lesion is considered to be a
      congenital malformation which enlarges and produces space-occupying signs.

PMID- 954720
TI  - Four cases of Tyzzer's disease in foals in England.
AB  - A rodent pathogen, Bacillus piliformis, has been recognised as causing a rapidly
      fatal hepatitis in 4 foals in England. The disease in foals has been recognised
      in America since 1973. A clinico-pathological account of the 4 cases is given and
      the differential diagnosis discussed. The 4 foals' ages fell within a very narrow
      range (24-34 days). Some of the properties of this unusual intracellular pathogen
      are reviewed. For the first time in the equine the bacillus was seen in
      association with myocardial lesions. There are marked differences in the
      epidemiology of the disease in the mouse and in the foal, which may result from
      the very different management practices in the 2 species. It is suggested that
      the dams of affected foals may be carriers of the disease.

PMID- 954721
TI  - A practical health programme for prevention of parasitic and infectious diseases
      in horses and ponies.
AB  - A scheme of combined anthelmintic treatment and vaccination is described. The
      seasonal veterinary activities are as follows: March (all horses);
      parasitological examination of faeces, anthelmintic treatment, immunization
      against influenza and tetanus (booster dose). June: parasitological faeces
      examination of foals, anthelmintic treatment of all horses, immunization of foals
      against tetanus (1st dose). August: anthelmintic treatment of all horses and
      immunization of foals against influenza (1st dose) and tetanus (2nd dose).
      October: parasitological faeces examination and anthelmintic treatment of all
      horses, and immunization against influenza of foals (2nd dose) and yearlings (2nd
      booster dose). December (for all horses): anthelmintic treatment.

PMID- 954722
TI  - The importance of blood gas measurement in the diagnosis of an intraventricular
      septal defect in a horse: a case report.
AB  - An 18 month Thoroughbred gelding was diagnosed on cardiac catheterization as
      having an interventricular septal defect. Right side cardiac blood pressures were
      within the normal range and confirmation of the diagnosis came from changes in
      the blood pO2 and pCO2 between the right atrium and right ventricle. The
      significance of these values is discussed.

PMID- 954723
TI  - A male pseudohermaphrodite horse with 63Xo?/64XX/65XXY mixoploidy.

PMID- 954724
TI  - Growth rate in thoroughbred yearlings and two year olds.
AB  - One hundred and four animals aged 13-18 months were measured at monthly or two
      monthly intervals, as were comparable numbers of animals 19-36 months old.
      Height, girth and circumference of the cannon bone below the knee were recorded,
      measurements for colts and fillies are shown separately. The average height at 18
      months was 148 cm (15.01/2 h.h.) and at 36 months 156 cm (15.31/2 h.h.).

PMID- 954725
TI  - Under and over demand and the use of personal health services: the problem of
      differential accessibility.

PMID- 954726
TI  - The concepts of death and embodiment.

PMID- 954727
TI  - The adipokinetic effect of hyperthermic stress in man.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to assess the alteration in serum free
      fatty acid concentrations during heat stress and dehydration. Each subject was
      exposed to heat stress in an environment chamber on 2 separate occasions. During
      the first exposure the subjects remained seated until the core temperature was
      elevated 1.4degreesC resulting in a mean weight loss of 1.66 kg due to
      dehydration. The second condition involved water replacement equal to the weight
      loss of the initial dehydration condition. Blood samples were obtained prior to
      heat exposure, when the core temperature was elevated 0.7degreesC and
      1.4degreesC. They were subsequently analyzed for free fatty acids (FFA), glucose
      and lactin acid. Heart rates and core temperatures were monitored at 4 min
      intervals. During the dehydration condition the mean change in serum FFA was 0.9
      muEq/ml in contrast to 0.2 muEq/ml for the rehydration condition. Serum levels of
      glucose increased moderately throughout the exposure (8 mg-%).

PMID- 954728
TI  - Structure and function of cardiac mitochondria in exhausted guinea pigs.
AB  - The ultrastructure and functional capacity of mitochondria from hearts of
      exhausted guinea pigs were compared to those from rested animals. Electron
      micrographs of heart ventricles were examined for ultrastructural alterations,
      and functional capacity was studied by oxygen polarography. General swelling of
      mitochondria from exhausted animals was indicated by a 41% reduction in
      mitochondrial surface/volume ratio and a 22% increase in volume density of
      mitochondria from exercised animals when compared to those from controls. The
      yield of isolated mitochondria from exhausted guinea pigs was similar to that for
      control animals. In the presence of all substrates tested the rate of oxygen
      consumption was lower in the exhausted animals than in the controls. The ADP/O
      ratios and respiratory control indices for pyruvate, succinate and ascorbate were
      not systematically affected by exercise. With glutamate as substrate respiratory
      control was reduced in exercised guinea pigs. These experiments suggest that the
      structure of myocardial mitochondria from exhausted animals is sufficient to
      maintain normal ADP/O ratios but is not adequate to maintain normal rates of
      respiration.

PMID- 954729
TI  - Effects of physical training on ventilatory equivalent and respiratory exchange
      ratio during weight supported, steady-state exercise.
AB  - Thirty-three college men participated in a 9-week endurance training program. An
      equal number of subjects served as controls. Pre- and post-test metabolic
      measurements were made during 10 min of submaximal exercise (1080 kpm/min at 60
      rpm) and 15 min of recovery. Measurements included oxygen consumption, CO2
      production, ventilatory equivalent (Ve/VO2 ratio) and respiratory exchange ratio
      (R). A three factor design variance analysis was used to analyze the effects of
      training on min-by-min exercise and recovery Ve/VO2 ratio and R. For the
      experimental group training resulted in a significant improvement in ventilatory
      efficiency during exercise, as well as a significant decrease in R. During
      recovery, Ve/VO2 and R decreased significantly for both groups although the
      magnitude of change was greater for the group that trained. Apparently, there was
      a significant habituation effect due to test procedures for the control group.
      The results are discussed in terms of lactate production and substrate
      utilization during exercise.

PMID- 954730
TI  - Oxygen deficit and repayment in submaximal exercise.
AB  - Oxygen deficit and repayment ratios were investigated at various work loads,
      intensities and durations. An active baseline was used (walking at 60 m/min) from
      which deficit and repayment values were calculated. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and core
      temperatures were measured in 30 males at baseline and during treadmill running
      (140 m/min) for randomly assigned durations (0.5 ...20 min). Measurements were
      also made during a 30-min recovery period at baseline work. Results indicated: 1)
      No difference in O2-repayment between steady-state work and work prior to steady
      state (P greater than 0.10). 2) O2-repayment was independent of work duration (P
      greater than 0.10). 3) When workload and intensity were controlled, O2-deficit
      was not significant factor in O2-repayment (P greater than 0.10). 4) Work
      intensity (work VO2/VO2 max) was the most significant factor in O2-repayment
      accounting for 69% of the variance (r equals 0.83, P less than 0.001). Small
      increments in core temperature and ventilation were not significant factors in O2
      repayment. When a working baseline is used, the magnitude of O2-repayment after
      exercise is independent of the work duration or the attainment of steady state.
      The extent of O2-repayment after exercise is mainly dependent upon the
      physiological intensity of the work and the absolute workload (R=0.89, P less
      than 0.001).

PMID- 954731
TI  - [Examination of blinking-rate in a simulated four hour driving task].
AB  - In a driving simulation task performance and physiological measurement of strain
      was registered on 3 subjects in 9 experiments. The time-variant behaviour of
      blinking-rate was examined together with performance, self-rating and
      physiological strain. The correlating results make blinking-rate a possible
      indicator for activation of willingness to good performance. A multidimensional
      concept for assessment of the degree of individual fatigue is presented and
      validated in respect of working-time.

PMID- 954732
TI  - Motor unit differentiation and integrated surface EMG in voluntary isometric
      contraction.
AB  - The role of the differentiation of motor units (MU's) in the relation between
      integrated surface electromydgram and force was studied here for the biceps
      brachii, in the course of static contraction in man. The global EMG of the biceps
      brachii was recorded by two silver electrodes fixed to the skin. The MU's
      activity was simultaneously lead off by three bipolar wire electrodes inserted in
      three points of the muscle. MU firing frequency and recruitment were estimated by
      counting the action potentials on the three elementary records. The comparison
      between the increase of the integrated surface EMG and MU recruitment as a
      function of force shows that MU recruitment in itself cannot account for the
      increase in the integrated global EMG, particularly for high values of force. The
      difference between MU recruitmentand integrated global EMG, which can neither
      come from a possible MU's synchronisation as was shown in the discussion, is
      being suggested to be connected to the progressive firing of "phasic" MU's. This
      type of recruitment may also play an important role in the gradation of isometric
      force in normal man.

PMID- 954733
TI  - Hemodynamic responses to acute hematocrit and blood volume alterations in rats.
AB  - Previous investigations of polycythemia in rodents failed to delineate the
      effects of the increased hematocrits from the effects of possible changes in
      blood volume. The hemodynamic responses of anesthetized rats to acutely produced
      increases in hematocrit and blood volume were therefore studied in this
      experiment. Acute isovolumetric polycythemia decreased O2 transport from a
      control value of 44.9 to 35.1 ml/min/kg 60 min after the exchange-transfusion.
      However, the high venous O2 content (over 12 Vol.-%) following the production of
      isovolumetric polycythemia suggested that there was still sufficient oxygen
      available to the tissues. Hypervolemia significantly modified the response to
      acute polycythemia. When hematocrit was maintained at a constant level, acute
      hypervolemia increased O2 transport (to 54.6 ml/min/kg after 60 min), and when
      acute hypervolemia and polycythemia were induced simultaneously, O2 transport was
      transiently increased (to 57.5 ml/min/kg after 15 min) and then returned to a
      value similar to the control level.

PMID- 954734
TI  - Step increment versus constant load tests for determination of maximal oxygen
      uptake.
AB  - Ten male subjects performed five maximal treadmill running tests at 7 mph. Tests
      included two (test-retest) progressive, step increment (2 1/2% grade elevation),
      discontinuous tests (DCT); a progressive, step increment, continuous test (ct)
      and two constant load tests (CL and CL +2 1/2%). A DCT test was performed first
      for establishment of peak elevation levels as constant load tests were performed
      at the peak elevation level attained (CL) and at a level 2 1/2% higher (CL + 2
      1/2%). The second DCT test and the remaining three tests were administered
      randomly. Peak preformance capability (operationally defined as duration at
      highest grade elevation) was markedly reduced during progressive tests as
      compared with constant load tests. There was a similar reduction in peak
      performance capability during the CT test as compared with DCT test. Maximal
      oxygen uptake (VO2max) was quite similar among the various tests. It was
      concluded that VO2max attained during progressive, step increment, tests is
      unaffected by cumulative submaximal work. Discontinuous and continuous
      progressive tests provide similar VO2max results.

PMID- 954735
TI  - The effect of various levels of strenuous to exhaustive exercise on reaction
      time.
AB  - Reaction times and heart rates of 10 subjects walking and running on a motor
      driven treadmill were recorded. The exercise consisted of four 3-min stages:
      Stage 1, 2.5 mph at 12% grade; Stage 2, 3.4 mpg at 14% grade; Stage 3, 4.2 mph at
      16% grade; Stage 4 5.0 mph at 18% grade. Subjects were given three separate tests
      at 1-week intervals. There was an increase in reaction time with increased
      exercise, but this effect diminished significantly over days. Also, when heart
      rate was 80% of maximum during the post-test, reaction time was not significantly
      different from the pre-test. Optimum reaction time was obtained at approximately
      40% of maximum heart rate.

PMID- 954736
TI  - The aerobic power of several groups of laborers in Colombia and the United
      States.
AB  - Physiological responses to exercise and anthropometry were measured in several
      groups of physical laborers. The groups included Colombian sugar cane cutters,
      sugar cane loaders and general farm laborers. In addition, migrant workers and
      civil service laborers from the United States were studied. The Colombian
      populations were generally shorter, weighed less and had less body fat than the
      United States group. The nutritional state of the Colombian groups, as measured
      by the hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum albumin and total blood protein, appeared
      normal. The aerobic power of the Colombia populations was significantly larger
      than the United States groups. The larger aerobic power of the Colombian groups
      is probably related to greater physical fitness associated with the physical
      demands of their occupations.

PMID- 954737
TI  - Functional significance of collateral blood flow in working skeletal muscle of
      the dog.
AB  - The semitendinosus muscle of the dog is supplied by two separate arteries and
      drained by two corresponding veins. In the muscles used in this study no blood
      entering via the distal artery was found to leave via the proximal vein during
      perfusion through both arteries (orthograde perfusion). Therefore, collateral
      flow (CF) could be determined as proximal venous outflow during occlusion of the
      proximal artery. During orthograde perfusion total blood flow averaged 12 ml x
      min-1 x 100 g-1 at rest and 58.4 ml x min-1 x 100 g-1 during exercise. CF was
      found to average 6.2 ml x min-1 x 100 g-1 at rest and increased to 9.2 ml x min-1
      x 100 g-1 during exercise. CF was sufficient to cover the metabolic demand of
      resting muscle. During exercise the O2-uptake (VO2) of the distal muscle portion
      was increased 13.4 fold in comparison to a 3.1 fold increase in the proximal
      muscle portion. The average contractile power decreased by 46%. Additional
      infusion of adenosine into the distal artery resulted in an increase of CF to
      11.4 ml x min-1 x 100 g-1 and of orthograde flow to 71 ml x min-1 x 100 g-1. The
      average contractile power of the muscle increased by 13%. Both orthograde flow
      and CF were found to decrease with increasing muscle load. But this decrease was
      significantly more pronounced in the case of CF especially at a lower range of
      loads. It is concluded that after acute occlusion of orthograde flow, CF is
      limited by the number, the size and the dilatory capacity of precapillary network
      vessels. Furthermore, CF is influenced considerably by changes of extravascular
      support.

PMID- 954738
TI  - A comparison of maximum oxygen uptake determination by bicycle ergometry at
      various pedaling frequencies and by treadmill running at various speeds.
AB  - Tests of performance on a bicycle ergometer have routinely been standardized with
      pedaling frequencies of up to 60 rpm. Only rarely have higher speeds been used.
      It may be hypothesized than a higher VO2, more closely approximating the maximum
      attainable by treadmill running, may be achieved in bicycle ergometry if higher
      pedal frequencies are used so that premature fatigue of the leg musculature does
      not obscure the comparison. Even in treadmill running it remains equivocal which
      combination of speed and grade of running will produce a maximum VO2. Five male
      subjects performed maximally at pedal frequencies of 60, 80, 100 and 120 rpm and
      running speeds of 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5 mph, on a bicycle and treadmill
      respectively. Power output on the bicycle and increasing grade sequence on the
      treadmill were maintained constant for each speed investigated. The highest VO2
      attained in each test was measured and compared both within and between the modes
      of testing. It was confirmed that peak VO2 during bicycle ergometry is
      significantly less than VO2 max attained in treadmill running. Pedal frequencies
      of 80 and 100 rpm produced optimal VO2's in ergometry. No differences were noted
      between VO2's determined at any speed of treadmill running. Subjects preferred 60
      or 80 rpm in ergometry and 6.0 and 7.0 mph in treadmill running; 120 rpm and 7.5
      mph in bicycling and treadmill running, respectively, were generally disliked.

PMID- 954739
TI  - Muscle-pO2 in trained and untrained non-anesthetized guinea pigs and in men.
AB  - pO2-measurements were performed by micro-Pt-electrodes a) in the gastrocnemius
      muscles of physically trained and untrained non-anesthetized guinea pigs, and b)
      in the tibialis anterior muscles of physically trained and untrained men, and of
      patients after a 2-3 weeks bedrest. Physical training raises the mean pO2-values
      in the resulting muscles of guinea pigs and men from 30-40 Torr to 50-55 Torr
      whereas physical inactivity (2-3 weeks bedrest) reduces the values to 17-18 Torr.

PMID- 954740
TI  - A new formula for estimating metabolic rate.
AB  - A formula for estimating metaoblic rate using inlet volume flow and oxygen
      fractionation of outlet air is derived. The formula is simplified and the error
      induced is evaluated and compared with that of Weir's formula.

PMID- 954741
TI  - Reaction of N-(3-pyrene)maleimide with thiol groups of reticulocyte ribosomes.
AB  - The reaction of N-(3-pyrene)maleimide with thiol groups of rabbit reticulocyte
      ribosomes offers a possible fluorescent probe for studying ribosomal structure
      and conformation. At relatively low concentrations of N-(3-pyrene)maleimide a
      group of 30-40 readily reactive sulfhydryl residues is derivatized. The major
      ribosomal proteins containing these thiol groups are identified as S2 + S3, S5,
      S7, S8, S29, S31, S32, L1, L5, L6, L10 + L14, L15, L18 + L19, and L36. Ribosomal
      activity, as measured by the nonenzymic binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA and
      polyphenylalanine synthesis, is inhibited by this degree of reaction with N-(3
      pyrene)maleimide. The inhibition is relieved by the prior binding of polyuridylic
      acid to the ribosomes while the extent of derivatization by N-(3-pyrene)
      maleimide is diminished only slightly. The average relative polarization of the
      fluorescence of the ribosomal bound N-(3-pyrene)maleimide changes significantly
      with the degree of derivatization of ribosomal thiol groups or with the binding
      of polyuridylic acid, indicating the value of such a fluorescent thiol
      derivatizing agent as a probe of ribosomal structure.

PMID- 954742
TI  - [Circular dichroism of heterodetic cyclic cystinyl tripeptides (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The circular dichroism of two series of heterodetic cyclic tripeptides, t
      butoxycarbonyl-L-cysteinyl-X-cysteine disulfide methyl esters [X=Ala, Val, Leu,
      Phe, Glu(OBut), Lys(Z)] and L-cysteinyl-X-cysteine disulfide methyl ester
      formates, and a corresponding series of t-butoxycarbonyl-L-cysteinyl-(glycyl)n
      cysteine disulfide methyl esters (n=1-5) was investigated. The interaction
      between the disulfide group and the amide bonds results in a long-wavelength
      Cotton effect at 300 nm, which exhibits a strong solvent dependence. In contrast
      to the long-wavelength disulfide band and to the n-pi amide Cotton effect a
      bathochromic shift is observed from less polar to strongly polar solvents. Within
      the series of N-terminal protected tripeptide esters the influence of the central
      chiral amino acid X is small, but it increases in the non-protected peptide
      esters. The circular dichroism is dominated by the influence of the conformation
      of the disulfide ring, which is essentially the same in both series. Due to
      interactions of the disulfide group with the amide chromophores, the sign of the
      long-wavelength disulfide Cotton effect cannot be used for the determination of
      the helicity of the CSSC group. Infrared spectra of the protected compounds
      indicate trans-peptide bonds in the solid state, which may also be true for the
      solutions. A pronounced time-dependence is observed for the circular dichroism of
      t-butoxycarbonyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl-cysteine disulfide methyl ester after
      dissolving in ethanol. This is due to a uniform conformational change of the ring
      structure as shown by spectroscopic analysis using extinction and ellipticity
      diagrams. In the series of the cyclic cystinyl peptides containing glycyl
      residues a strong electronic disulfide-amide interaction is observed is observed
      for the tripeptide, being still observable for the tetra-peptide. The comparison
      of the glycyl tripeptide with the tripeptides containing chiral central amino
      acids reveals a negative contribution to the circular dichroism at 260 nm due to
      these L-residues.

PMID- 954743
TI  - The enthalpy of interaction of urea with some globular proteins.
AB  - The enthalpies of interaction of urea with five globular proteins, ribonuclease
      A, trypsin, beta-lacto-globulin, ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin have been
      measured in aqueous solution at pH 7.0, I=0.005 M and 25 degrees C over a range
      of urea molality m from 0-15 mmol g-1 (where a 1 molal solution contains 1 mmol g
      1). For all the proteins the interaction is exothermic, and there is an
      appreciable heat evolution at low urea concentrations, m less than 5 mmol g-1,
      which increases sharply at higher urea concentrations when the proteins undergo
      unfolding. If account is taken of the endothermic enthalpies of unfolding of the
      native proteins, the enthalpies of interactions of urea per unit mass denatured
      protein lie in the range -45 to -75 J g-1, corresponding to an average binding
      enthalpy of -23 kJ mol-1 bound urea.

PMID- 954744
TI  - Investigation of the covalent bond structure of peptide-matrix systems by Edman
      degradation of support-fixed peptides.
AB  - Two model peptides Ala-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Leu and Ala-Ser-Glu-Tyr-Leu have been
      synthesized and coupled with an without protecting groups to the amino groups of
      polystyrene resins. The yield in the binding operation was 93-97% by using water
      soluble carbodiimides as condensing reagents. Edman degradation of the products
      and quantitative estimation of the amino acid phenylthio-hydantoins, as well as
      amino acid analysis of the partially and completely degraded resins, showed about
      7-10% of the fixed peptides not to be involved in the degradation procedure. That
      part of the material which was not involved in the Edman degradation during the
      first step also remained inactive in the following degradation operations. The
      analytical data presented in the paper explain not only the course of the Edman
      degradation of peptides linked via the side-chain carboxylic groups to the resin,
      but they also describe the chemical reactivity of the various carboxylic groups
      in the binding operation. 22% of the peptides are bound to the resin by side
      chain carboxylic groups in the case of the aspartate-containing peptide, 26-27%
      in the case of the glutamate-containing peptide. 75-77% and 72-75% respectively
      of the peptides are fixed to the resin via the C-terminal carboxylic group. No
      more than 3% of the fixed material may be bound bifunctionally to the support.

PMID- 954745
TI  - Light chains from slow-twitch muscle myosin.
AB  - Myosin light chains have been isolated from slow-twitch soleus muscles of rabbit
      and cat. Two chemically related light chains of molecular weight about 22 000
      have been identified from their thiol sequences in each species, and these have
      been further characterized by amino acid analysis and peptide mapping studies.
      These light chains are related to the alkali light chains of rabbit fast-twitch
      muscles and to the larger cardiac light chain from bovine heart muscle. The
      presence of two chemically related but phenotypically distinct light chains
      within single muscles suggests the presence of myosin isoenzyme or that the
      myosin molecule has a different light chain associated with each subfragment-1
      head. Although the stoichiometry of these two light chains had not been
      determined, the former of these two conclusions is favoured by analogy with
      experiments on fast-twitch myosins. In addition to these related light chains,
      soleus muscle myosin, like fast-twitch myosins, contains a third light chain of
      about 19 000 molecular weight. Unlike the corresponding light chain of rabbit
      fast-twitch myosin, this 19 000-Mr light chain contrains no cysteine residues.
      The distribution of thiol peptides together with the characteristic mobilities of
      these light chains on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulphate provides a 'fingerprint' of myosins from different muscle types. This
      has been used to look for the presence of fast-twitch myosin in soleus muscle,
      the results showing both rabbit and cat soleus muscles are homogeneous in their
      myosin type within the sensitivity of detection of the methods. These techniques
      have also been used to confirm the reciprocal transformation of light chains in
      myosins isolated from cross-reinnervated muscles. Finally the relationships
      between these criteria for different myosin types and histochemical procedures
      for muscle fibre typing are discussed.

PMID- 954746
TI  - Enhancement of hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
      activities induced by oestradiol in rat pineals in culture.
AB  - 1. Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities
      were determined in the pineal gland removed from the ovariectomised rat and
      cultured under various experimental conditions. 2. The transferase activity
      declined very slowly during 24 h of incubation. 17beta-Oestradiol significantly
      increased the transferase activity within 2h after the addition, and the extent
      of increase was dose-dependent within the concentration range from 0.1 to 15 nM,
      being increased by 80% at 15 nM. Enhancement of the transferase activity by
      oestradiol was abolished not only by inhibitors of protein synthesis
      (cycloheximide and puromycin), but also by those of RNA synthesis (actinomycin D
      and alpha-amanitin). It was also blocked by clomiphene citrate, an agent which is
      known to inhibit the binding of steroid hormones to their respective receptors.
      3. RNA polymerase activity (forms A and B) declined rapidly during the initial
      period of pineal culture. Oestradiol (15 nM) increased the RNA polymerase B
      activity by 50% within 2 h after the addition. The increase was dose-dependent
      within the concentration range from 0.1 to 15 nM, and was abolished by clomiphene
      citrate. 4. The possibility is suggested that the pineal is a target organ of
      oestradiol, and that the steroid-induced reaction sequence in the pineal conforms
      to that is known in other target organs.

PMID- 954747
TI  - Study of the interaction of 4-bromomercuriocinnamic acid with alpha-chymotrypsin
      by 79 Br and 81Br pulsed nuclear-magnetic resonance.
AB  - Br- has been used as a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe to study the
      reversible association of alpha-chymotrypsin and an Hg-labelled substrate (4
      bromomercuriocinnamic acid, BrHgCin) which rapidly exchanges Br-. T1 was measured
      for 79Br and 81Br, using a pulse spectrometer. Values of the parameters that
      determine T1, Obs in aqueous solutions of KBr (pH=5.5) containing alpha
      chymotrypsin and BrHgCin are reported. It is found that the rate of Br exchange
      is diffusion-limited and faster than the rate of reorientation of the BrHgCin
      alpha-chymotrypsin complex. The rate constant for the formation of the covalent
      BrHgCin-alpha-chymotrypsin complex determined by this technique agrees well with
      previously published data. The rapid rate of Br exchange with the complex,
      however, is incompatible with the side chain of BrHgCin being entirely buried in
      a nonpolar pocket on the enzyme but compatible with the side chain being exposed
      to the solution. The contribution to the NMR signal from the non-covalent complex
      is negligible.

PMID- 954748
TI  - Proton exchange of the pro-S hydrogen at C-1 in dihydroxyacetone phosphate, D
      fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and D-fructose 1-phosphate catalysed by rabbit-muscle
      aldolase.

PMID- 954749
TI  - Studies on the structure and function of chick-oviduct chromatin. 1.
      Fractionation by ECTHAM-cellulose chromatography and physico-chemical
      characterization.
AB  - Chick oviduct chromatin was separated into a ribonucleoprotein fraction and two
      chromatin fractions (early and late eluting). We utilized a gentle procedure in
      which moderately hydrated chromatin was subjected to chromatography on a weak
      ionic-exchange resin (ECTHAM-cellulose) eluted with a combined pH-salt gradient.
      Chemical analysis of the early (fraction I) and late (fraction II) eluting
      fractions revealed that their histones were identical and their nonhistone
      proteins were markedly different. Control experiments showed that these
      differences were not due to protein rearrangements during chromatin preparation
      and/or fractionation. The physical properties of fraction I and II differed in
      certain aspects. The aggregation response of fraction I to increasing
      concentrations of monovalent cations was five times lower than that of fraction
      II but the aggregation response to divalent cations was identical. Thermal
      denaturation assays of DNAs isolated from fractions I and II revealed identical
      derivative profiles of hyperchromicity vs temperature, thereby indicating similar
      base composition in the two fractions. Circular dichroism, spectra of the
      purified DNAs isolated from both fractions showed identical B-type conformations.
      However, DNA renaturation kinetics analyzed by computer technique indicated that
      fraction I DNA contained less than half the amount of highly repetitive sequences
      as compared to either unfractionated chromatin or fraction II. Circular dichroism
      spectra of fraction I and II chromatins (at room temperature) showed significant
      differences in a wavelength region were only DNA is optically active (i.e. 255
      320 nm). These results indicated that the DNA complexed to proteins in fraction
      II assumed a more C-type conformation than the DNA in fraction I. The differences
      in the circular dichroism spectra could not be accounted for by differences in
      the RNAs or protein chromophores contained in fraction I and fraction II. When
      the circular dichroism spectra of fraction I and II were recorded at 55 degrees
      C, the differences between the two fractions were abolished. These results were
      interpreted to mean that the differences in the DNA conformations found in
      fractions I and II were due to the differences in their nonhistone proteins.
      These proteins were effective in maintaining DNA conformation differences only
      when they were in their native form but not when heated to 55 degree C.
      Comparison of the sedimentation coefficients of fractions I and II with their
      calculated molecular weights suggested a more extended structure in fraction I as
      compared to a more compact structure in fraction II. Only small differences were
      observed between fraction I and fraction II with respect to either buoyant
      density analysis in a metrizamide gradient or in the number of phosphate charges
      accessible to polylysine.

PMID- 954750
TI  - Isolation and characterization of iron-binding proteins from rat intestinal
      mucosa.
AB  - Two iron-binding proteins were isolated from rat intestinal mucosa. From
      determination of their molecular weights, their electrophoretic and iron-binding
      properties it was established that one was a mucosal ferritin and the other a
      mucosal transferrin. The mucosal ferritin is compared in its molecular weight,
      isoelectric point, amino acid composition and tryptic peptide pattern with the
      ferritins of rat spleen and liver. All three ferritins are distinctly different
      from one another. In addition the iron content of mucosal ferritin was found to
      be much lower than that of liver and spleen ferritins. Mucosal transferrin was
      separated into two components by isoelectric focusing, as was plasma transferrin.
      The plasma and mucosal transferrins differ in their isoelectric points and in
      their amino acid compositions. Differences were also found in vitro in the iron
      binding of mucosal transferrin as compared with plasma transferrin. The role of
      these mucosal proteins in the absorption of iron is briefly discussed.

PMID- 954751
TI  - Size, complexity and abundance of a specific poly(A)-containing RNA of liver from
      male Xenopus induced to vitellogenin synthesis by estrogen.
AB  - Estrogen treatment of Xenopus males leads to the appearance of a new species of
      poly (A)-containing RNA in the liver, at a stage when large amounts of the
      estrogen-induced yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin, is produced. This estrogen
      induced RNA sediments at 28 S and migrates on gels in aqueous solution with an
      apparent molecular weight of 2.0 X 10(6). Contour length measurements under
      denaturing conditions in the electron microscope reveal a molecular weight of
      2.34 X 10(6) compared to the mouse 28-S rRNA. Labeling experiments show that the
      estrogen-induced RNA has a stability than the average liver poly(A)-containing
      RNA and represents 10-20% of the poly(a)-containing RNA in the cytoplasm after 24
      h of labeling. Hybridization of complementary DNA, synthesized on the isolated
      estrogen-induced RNA, with its template suggests a complexity corresponding to a
      single species of poly(A)-containing RNA of such a high molecular weight.
      Hybridization of the complementary DNA with cytoplasmic poly (A)-containing RNA
      from estrogen-treated Xenopus males and control toads show that the estrogen
      induced RNA constitutes 12-15% of all cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNA, and is
      at least 2000-fold less abundant in untreated males. Size, complexity and
      abundance of the estrogen-induced RNA are characteristics expected for a mRNA
      coding for vitellogenin.

PMID- 954752
TI  - Intracellular degradation and deamidation of alpha-crystallin subunits.
AB  - The subunites AA2 and N2, present in alpha-crystallin from the nucleus of young
      and old bovine lenses, were isolated and characterized. It was found that AA2 is
      identical to a shorter A-chain and hence it was designated as A1-101. The subunit
      N2 turned out to be identical with a shorter B-chain and was designated as b 1/2
      170. Characterization of the subunit N1, present only in alpha-crystallin from
      the cortex of old bovine lenses, suggested that his subunit is a modified B
      chain, probably a deamidation product; it was designated as B0. Con relation to
      the age of the fiber cells in old bovine lenses with that in calf lenses revealed
      that the observed specific limited degradation of the subunits of alpha
      crystallin increased with older age of the tissue. The deamidation process was
      found not to be related to the aging of the tissue. Eventually, a clear picture
      concerning the heterogeneity and fickleness of the alpha-crystallin subunit
      structure was obtained.

PMID- 954753
TI  - Sulfate bile acids in germ-free and conventional mice.
AB  - Sulfated and non-sulfated bile acids were determined in the intestines and in the
      feces of 7-month-old germ-free and conventional male mice. 1. The bile acid pools
      in the gall bladder and small intestine were 21.13 mg/100g body weight in germ
      free and 11.50 mg in conventional mice. The bile acid pools in the cecum and
      large intestine of germ-free mice were 3.03 mg/100 g body weight as compared to
      1.24 mg in conventional mice. Fecal bile acid excretion was 2.93 mg and 4.12
      mg/100 g body weight in 24 h in germ-free and conventional mice respectively. 2.
      The major bile acids from germ-free mice were cholic acid, alpha-muricholic acid
      and beta-muricholic acid. Small amounts of chenodeoxycholic and allocholic acid
      were also present. In addition to these primary bile acids the following
      secondary bile acids were identified in conventional mice: lithocholic,
      deoxycholic and omega-muricholic acid. 3. In both germ-free and conventional
      animals significant amounts of chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid were present as
      the 7-monosulfate esters. The sulfate esters of these bile acids did not exceed
      2% of the total bile acids in the small intestine, but accounted for
      approximately 50% of the bile acids in the cecum and the large intestine. In
      contrast, the muricholic acids were nearly exclusively found in the non-sulfate
      fraction. 4. Alkaline hydrolysis without prior solvolysis of the sulfate esters
      resulted in loss of bile acids and production of artifacts. Hence, the bile acids
      of the mouse cannot be analysed by methods involving alkaline deconjugation
      unless a solvolysis step is included in the procedure.

PMID- 954754
TI  - Isolation and properties of structured chromatin from Guerin ascites tumour and
      rat liver.
AB  - The method proposed by Hancock for isolation of structured chromatin from tissue
      culture cells is modified and used for isolation of chromatin from Guerin ascites
      tumour and rat liver. Micrococcal nuclease digestion patterns and thermal
      denaturation of these chromatins are studied and compared wiith those of
      chromatins prepared by precipitation and extraction with salts (salt chromatins).
      In contrast to the multiphasic melting profiles and salt chromatins, the
      structured chromatins exhibit relatively homogeneous denaturation patterns under
      a variety of conditions, suggesting thhat their DNA is uniformly stabilized by
      histones and there are no free independently melting DNA stretches. Digestion of
      structure of the deoxyribonucleoprotein is intact. No discrete fragments are
      formed upon digestion of salt chromatin.

PMID- 954755
TI  - The use of mercurated nucleoside triphosphate as a probe in transcription studies
      in vitro.
AB  - 1. Purified form A RNA polymerase and the endogenous, nuclear form A RNA
      polymerase are shown to incorporate 5-mercuri-uridine 5'-triphosphate (Hg-UTP)
      into RNA in vitro. The Km for both Hg-UTP and UTP are in the region of 10 muM for
      the purified enzyme. 2. The RNA products formed in nucleoli by endogenous RNA
      polymerase A have similar base compositions (G + C-rich) whether UTP or Hg-UTP is
      provided as the substrate in vitro. 3. Sulphydryl-Sepharose chromatography of RNA
      synthesised in vitro by nucleoli allows separation of this material from the
      endogenous RNA, when the former is synthesised in the presence of Hg-UTP. 4. In
      vitro-synthesised nucleolar RNA hybridises with cot profiles similar to 28-S
      ribosomal RNA, when made with either Hg-UTP or UTP. 5. Hybridisation studies
      using DNA excess suggest that little competition occurs between the in vitro
      transcripts and the endogenous nucleolar RNA. 6. Size analysis of in vitro
      transcripts show that although some degradation occurs during isolation,
      purification and hybridisation of the RNA species, most of the RNA remains larger
      than 5 S throughout.

PMID- 954756
TI  - Studies on the formation of acetoin from acetaldehyde by the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex and its regulation.
AB  - 1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was isolated from pigeon breast muscle
      involving steps of isoelectric precipitation, poly(ethyleneglycol) fractionation
      and separation on a glycerine gradient in the ultracentrifuge. 2. Arsenite, a
      potent inhibitor of the dihydrolipoyl transcetylase, did not affect the formation
      of acetoin from acetaldehyde, indicating that the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      component was operative in this reaction. 3. Production of acetoin by the
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is subject to regulation by phosphorylation and
      dephosphorylation, the dephosphorylated form only being active. 4. The inhibition
      by acetaldehyde of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex could be partly explained
      by the formation of acetoin as an alternative reaction.

PMID- 954757
TI  - Synthesis, separation, identification and interconversion of riboflavin
      phosphates and their acetyl derivatives: a reinvestigation.
AB  - A reinvestigation of flavin phosphate synthesis, separation, identification, and
      interconversion was made in view of contradictory results in the literature. It
      has been confirmed that monochlorophosphoric acid is the best agent for selective
      5'-monophosphorylation of riboflavin and derivatives. This reaction yields,
      however, invariably up to 20% of an isomer, which has been separated by
      preparative thick-layer chromatography and shown to be the 4'-monophosphate. All
      the earlier authors failed to detect this isomer which does not bind to
      flavodoxin. It equilibrates in dilute mineral acid to yield an 8:2 mixture of 5'
      phosphate to 4'-phosphate by phosphate migration. The formation of 2',3',4'
      triacetyl-flavin mononucleotide, according to Christie, S. M. H., Kenner, G. W. &
      Todd, A. R. (1954) J. Chem. Soc., 46-52, upon acid-catalysed acetylation of pure
      FMN, was confirmed. The same reaction under base catalysis, however, does not
      yield 2',3',4'-triacetyl-flavin mononucleotide as claimed by Khomutova, E. D.,
      Shapiro, T. A., Mezentseva, M. W. & Berezovskii, V. M. (1965) Otd. Obshch. i.
      Tekhn. Khim., 241-244, Chem. Abstr. 65, 5516a, but in fact up to 80% 2', 3'
      diacetyl-flavin 4':5'-cyclophosphate as the main product, which is stable under
      neutral and weak acidic conditions and does not hydrolyse to 2',3'-diacetyl
      flavin 5'-monophosphate as claimed by McCormick, D.B. (1974) J. Heterocycl. Chem.
      11, 969-974. The various flavin phosphates and their acetyl derivatives have been
      identified by pH-titration, electrophoresis, and proton magnetic resonance
      spectrometry, which direct analyses of crude reaction products as well as a rapid
      purity check of commerical FMN.

PMID- 954758
TI  - Substituent effect on the oxidation of phenols and aromatic amines by horseradish
      peroxidase compound I.
AB  - A stopped-flow kinetic study shows that the reduction rate of horseradish
      peroxidase compound I by phenols and aromatic amines is greatly dependent upon
      the substituent effect on the benzene ring. Morever it has been possible to
      relate the reduction rate constants of monosubstituted substrates by a linear
      free-energy relationship (Hammett equation). The correlation of log (rate
      constants) with sigma values (Hammett equation) and the absence of correlation
      with sigma+ values (Okamoto-Brown equation) can be explained by a mechanism of
      aromatic substrate oxidations, in which the substrate gives an electron to the
      enzyme compound I and simultaneously loses a proton. The analogy which has been
      made with oxidation potentials of phenols or anilines strengthens the view that
      the reaction is only dependent on the relative ease of oxidation of the
      substrate. The rate constant obtained for p-aminophenol indicates that a value of
      2.3 X 10(8) M-1 S-1 probably approaches the diffusion-controlled limit for a
      bimolecular reaction involving compound I and an aromatic substrate.

PMID- 954759
TI  - Therapeutic properties.of haemodialysis and blood exchange transfusion in
      organophosphate poisoning.
AB  - Human blood was contaminated with nitrostigmine, dimethoate and demeton-S-methyl
      sulfoxide. It was then dialysed, concentrations of organophosphates were
      determined and dialysance values calculated. The influence of blood exchange
      transfusion on poison elimination as well as on the cholinesterase activity of
      blood, brain and muscle was studied in rats poisoned with nitrostigmine.
      Haemodialysis was found to be quite an effective method for eliminating demeton-S
      methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate, dialysance values of 52.98 ml/min and 59.07
      ml/min being found for demeton-S-methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate respectively.
      Nitrostigmine could not be removed by haemodialysis. These findings suggest that
      haemodialysis could be of therapeutic value in the treatment of severe demeton-S
      methyl sulfoxide and dimethoate poisoning in man. By blood exchange transfusion
      only 0.06% of the injected dose of nitrostigmine could be removed from the body
      of poisoned rats. Acetylcholinesterase activity increased only briefly in the
      period of blood exchange transfusion and decreased gradually afterwards. The
      enzymatic activity of brain and muscle was unaffected. Therefore, blood exchange
      transfusion has, if any at all, only poor therapeutic properties in nitrostigmine
      intoxication.

PMID- 954760
TI  - Studies in cerebrospinal acid base values in intensive care patients.
AB  - CSF acid base homeostasis was studied in 22 patients in an Intensive Care Unit,
      to ascertain whether an assessment of this parameter was of any prognostic value.
      The only significant findings were a lower CSF bicarbonate concentration in those
      patients who demised, as well as a poor correlation between CSF pH and both CSF
      PCO2 and bicarbonate. It was concluded that an assessment of CSF acid base
      balance was of no prognostic value in this particular group of patients.

PMID- 954761
TI  - Continuous intravascular monitoring of pO2 and pCO2. A comparative in vitro-in
      vivo study.
AB  - Two electrodes placed at the tip of catheters for in vivo determinations of PCO2
      and PO2 respectively, were tested in dogs. Results were satisfactory when
      compared to a highly accurate reference method, correlation coefficients were
      close to 1 (P less than 10(-9)). Means of the differences were respectively -
      1.74 +/- 1.14 toor for the PO2 probe (P less than 0.01) and --1.62 +/- 0.72 torr
      for the PCO2 sensor (P less than 0.0001). While no drift was detected in the PCO2
      electrode, that of the PO2 was significant but negligible compared to the
      variability of measurements. Thus, for PCO2 values between 20 and 85 torr, and
      PO2 values between 20 and 140 torr, in vivo monitoring is sufficiently reliable
      for clinical use.

PMID- 954762
TI  - Transcutaneous pO2 monitoring in anaesthesia.
AB  - In 23 patients 18 to 73 years old transcutaneous PO2, relative local perfusion
      and cardiorespirogram during induction and end stage of anaesthesia were
      monitored. This method allows continuous sufficiently exact estimation of PaO2.
      The comparison between tcPO2 and corresponding blood gas analysis from arterial
      samples showed a good correlation of r=0.94. Thus continuous tcPO2 registration
      enables quick diagnosis of hypoxia and its therapy.

PMID- 954763
TI  - The effect of respiration on the monitoring of stroke volume and cardiac output
      by the electrical impedance technique.
AB  - In six volunteers (5 male, 1 female) it has been shown that normal respiration
      made no statistical difference to the estimates of the mean stroke volume and the
      mean cardiac output as determined by the electrical impedance method of Kubicek
      et al, (1966). The coefficient of variation was usually increased by respiration.
      The use of those stroke volumes which occur only at end-expiration was not shown
      to yield a greater reproducibility with 3 other male volunteers. In the female
      subject it was found that the use of a digital averager triggered from the
      preceding R-wave of the ECG gave values for the mean stroke volume and cardiac
      output which were always lower than the conventional mean values obtained from a
      number of strokes. The expense of either of these approaches does not appear to
      be justified as a means of compensating for the effects of normal respiration on
      the impedance dZ/dt waveform.

PMID- 954764
TI  - Influence of early mobilisation of pulmonary function in surgical patients.
AB  - This work confirms the generally known decrease in arterial oxygen following
      surgery. On the basis of a more rapid restitution of pulmonary function the
      superiority of mobilization to the usual respiratory exercises is clearly shown.

PMID- 954765
TI  - Syndrome of depressed vital functions in the immediate post-operative period of
      surgical patients: some aspects of its pathogenesis.
AB  - Fifty adult male and female surgical patients (age 25--40 years) undergoing
      elective and emergency surgical procedures were subjected to isocapnoeic,
      hypocapnoeic and hypercapnoeic ventilation during anaesthesia; the PaCO2 ranged
      between 22--90 mm Hg. Three developed the syndrome of depressed vital functions
      in the post-surgical period by scoring less than 7 out of 10, the others
      recovered normally with complete resotration of reflex activity, consciousness
      and skeletomuscular tone, scoring on an average 8 out of 10 points. The role of
      muscle relaxant drugs in this syndrome and also the depression of the central
      nervous system is discussed.

PMID- 954766
TI  - A defibrillatory trolley.

PMID- 954767
TI  - Left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - 10 patients with their first AMI were studied within the first 48 hours and again
      after 3 weeks. Central and peripheral haemodynamics (CI, SV, SW, TPR) were
      examined, including indices of contractility (dp/dtmax) and wall stiffness
      (deltaP/deltaV, relation deltaP/deltaV to P) of the left ventricle. In the early
      phase CI and SW, as well as LV dp/dtmax were depressed in accordance with
      symptoms of LV failure. deltaP/deltaV was increased. Elevation of LVEDP
      correlated well with ventricular gallop rhythm, but less consistently with LV
      functional disturbance. During convalescence CI increased uniformly, both in
      digitalized and non-digitalized individuals. In contrast heart rate, aortic
      pressure, LVEDP and dp/dtmax remained unchanged. The increase of CI, SV and SW
      was accompanied by a fall of TPR and deltaP/deltaV. LV wall stiffness was still 
      elevated above normal after 3 weeks. The improvement of cardiac pumping during
      infarct convalescence may have been effected through a fall of TPR and LV wall
      stiffness. Recovery of depressed contractile performance was generally not
      observed, and does therefore not seem to contribute to recuperation.

PMID- 954768
TI  - Studies of malformation syndromes of man XXXIX: a craniosynostosis-craniofacial
      dysostosis syndrome with mental retardation and other malformations:
      "craniofacial dyssynostosis".
AB  - We report clinical findings in 2 sisters and 5 sporadic cases with a "new" type
      of craniosynostosis/craniofacial dysostosis and shortness of stature. Premature
      closure of lambdoid sutures and posterior part of sagittal suture causes a
      posteriorly narrow, dolichocephalic skull with small, flat or bulging occiput and
      protuberance of the forehead; disturbance of the growth of basal skull structures
      leads to craniofacial dysostosis and (secondary) anomalies of the face. In one
      patient the coronal suture was also involved. One of the patients had a
      congenital heart defect. Four untreated patients had mental retardation; 3 had
      craniosynostectomy with more or less normal psychomotor development afterwards.
      Some patients had hydrocephalus and 1 had a brain malformation (agenesis of the
      corpus callosum with presumed interventricular lipoma). The observation of
      sisters with the same condition suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. This
      etiologic hypothesis is supported by the fact that 4 of 7 patients are of
      Spanish, Mexican, or Puerto Rican ancestry; this population probably has a rather
      high gene frequency and the trait should be relatively common in areas occupied
      by this population and their descendents. The condition has been designated
      craniofacial dyssynostosis.

PMID- 954769
TI  - Chondrodysplastic dwarfism, cleft palate and micrognathia in a neonate, a new
      syndrome?
AB  - We describe a female infant with lethal, short-limb dwarfism, micrognathia,
      hydrocephalus with occipital encephalocele and a generalized
      spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia who probably has the same condition that was
      described by Rolland et al. (1972) and by Langer et al. (1976). This may be
      recessively inherited syndrome

PMID- 954770
TI  - Severe anemia due to transient pure red cell aplasia in early childhood. Arrest
      at the level of the committed stem cells?
AB  - Five patients, 11 months to 3 4/12 years old with severe normochromic, normocytis
      anemia and reticulocytopenia are reported. At the height of erythropoietic arrest
      when erythroid precursor cells were completely absent, undifferentiated stem
      cells (transitional cells), accumulated in the bone marrow. They disappeared
      again upon spontaneous resumption of erythropoiesis. We suggest that the
      erythropoietic arrest had occurred at the level of the hematopoietic stem cell.
      All patients recovered within 1 week of diagnosis. No steroid therapy was given.
      Failure to recognize this clinical entity leads to unnecessary diagnostic and
      therapeutic procedures including the transfusion of blood.

PMID- 954771
TI  - The 18 p-syndrome. Report of four cases.
AB  - Four children, two girls and two boys, were found to have a short arm deletion of
      chromosome No. 18. Three of them exhibit a typical dysmorphy of the face showing
      retraction of the midface, broad-based, flat nose, hypertelorism, epicanthus,
      "carp mouth", big, protruding, and low set ears, as well as a variable number of
      Turner-like features, failure of growth, mental retardation, and muscular
      hypotonia. A newly born child, who died at 2 days of age exhibited severe brain
      defects of holoprosencephalic series. The clinical and cytogenetic findings are
      compared with the reviewed data of the 18 p deletion. The hypothesis of "gene
      dosis compensation" is discussed in order to explain the variable phenotypical
      expression of 18 p-syndrome as there is obviously to correlation between the
      extent of the deficiency and the expression of malformations.

PMID- 954772
TI  - Hereditary Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. A report of two families.
AB  - An aggregation of 14 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was encountered
      in two families in Minnesota. Although the classical clinical features of ALS
      predominated, some members of one family showed, in addition, extrapyramidal
      signs, peripheral sensory impairment in the upper and lower limbs and mild mental
      fallout. Autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance was the most
      likely mode of transmission. Pathological changes were the same as those seen in
      sporadic ALS although one patient also showed degeneration of the substantia
      nigra. These two families were compared to others in the literature and an effort
      was made to refine the classification of familial ALS.

PMID- 954773
TI  - Multiple sclerosis, diffuse lymphoplasmocytic encephalitis and Alzheimer's
      disease in a patient with progressive dementia.
AB  - Female patient, aged 63 died after 5 years of progressive dementia. Autopsy
      revealed multiple sclerosis, diffuse lymphoplasmocytic encephalitis, and
      Alzheimer's disease. Possible pathogenetic connections between these disease
      entities are discussed.

PMID- 954774
TI  - Myasthenic syndrome in polymyositis.
AB  - The case report of a 23-year-old man with polymyositis and some myasthenic
      features is presented. The biopsy findings suggest a preferential involvement of
      the neuromuscular junctions by the inflammatory process, a fact which explains
      the clinical syndrome.

PMID- 954775
TI  - Congenital non-progressive myopathy with type II fibre atrophy and internal
      nuclei.
AB  - A particular form of congenital non-progressive myopathy in a 5-year-old boy is
      described. The morphological features include predominant atrophy and rarity of
      type II muscle fibres, internally placed nuclei and myofibrillar degeneration in
      affected fibres.

PMID- 954776
TI  - A solitary abscess of the medulla oblongata.
AB  - A neuropathological description is presented of a solitary giant abscess located
      in the oblongate medulla of a child aged two. This abscess destroyed almost all
      the morphological structures in the medulla and caused considerable constriction
      and translocation of the IVth ventricle. Apart from the exceptional occurrence of
      an abscess in this brain region, the interesting features of this case are the
      slow development of the abscess (probably 8 months) and the existence of a well
      formed connective tissue capsule, demarcating the lesion from its surroundings.
      The diagnostic difficulties and clinical and histopathological correlation are
      also discussed.

PMID- 954777
TI  - Material and design factors in thromboembolization in total artificial heart
      recipients living 100-2,000 hours.
AB  - When total artificial heart (TAH) recipients live over 100 h it is possible to
      evaluate the thrombogenicity of design and biomaterials. In 20 consecutive TAH
      recipients of the Jarvik heart with Bjork-Shiley valves we compared rough (Dacron
      fibril-coated Silastic) and smooth (Biomer and Avcothane) blood surfaces. The
      mean survival times with rough surfaces was 296 h, with smooth surfaces 545 h.
      The present designs necessitate a sharp angle junction between the diaphragm and
      housing, creating stagnation areas and turbulences which induce
      thromboembolization. The valve rings and struts are another constant source of
      thromboembolism. Of the 80 valves, 41% showed thrombus deposition independent of
      anticoagulation. The polyurethane surfaces, in contrast to the fibrilized
      surfaces, were very clean and free of thrombi at autopsy. The thromboembolization
      was not dependent on anticoagulation and platelet adhesiveness inhibitor in
      hearts with rough surfaces. Based on 20 experiments including 78- and 94-day TAH
      survivors (Avcothane and Biomer hearts), there is an indication of the need of a
      new ventricular design. The ultimate design should generate physiological pulse
      waves without turbulences or stagnation areas within the device.

PMID- 954778
TI  - Comparative study of in vitro flow characteristics between a human aortic valve
      and a designed aortic valve and six corresponding types of prosthetic heart
      valves.
AB  - A model of a pulsatile cardiovascular system is described including an electronic
      control, a hydraulic driving unit, a volume storage, a peripheral resistance and
      measuring equipment. Six different artificial heart valves, a designed aortic
      valve (Aachen pockett valve II) and a human aortic valve have been tested in the
      outflow position of the pump. Three of them are presently being used in clinical
      applications. Measurements of pressure and volume flow have been obtained for
      different frequencies n, pump volumes Vp and time ratios between pressure and
      suction phase. From the experimental results a comparative evaluation was
      deducted for different working conditions. In comparison to natural human aortic
      valve (NK) large volume flow is verified by the Aachen pocket valve II (AT), the
      Gott-Dagget value (GD), the Starr-Edwards valve (SE) and the Lillehei-Kaster
      valve (LK). The Gott-Daggett valve has the smallest back flow volume. The Smeloff
      Cutter and in particular the Wada-Cutter valve have the largest regurgitation.
      This is to be expected since the Cutter valves are purposely so designed that
      they do not close tightly in order to avoid blood sedimentation. The human aortic
      valve, the Gott-Daggett valve and the Aachen pocket valve demonstrate the most
      favourable opening-closing characteristics. The human aortic valve achieves a
      negligible pressure loss, followed by the Bjork-Shiley and the Lillehei-Kaster
      valve.

PMID- 954779
TI  - Effect of low molecular dextran on total liver blood flow in hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - Hemorrhage amounting to 40% of the calculated blood volume in dogs produced a
      fall in systemic blood pressure to a level of approximately 50 mm Hg. This was
      associated with a decline of total liver blood flow of about 60% of normal.
      Infusion of low molecular dextran (LMD) or saline of a volume, corresponding to
      1/7 of the volume of blood taken out, increased the total liver blood flow. This
      increase was much more pronounced in the LMD group, maybe due to the ability of
      LMD to simultaneously increase systemic blood pressure, decrease blood viscosity
      and disaggregate red blood cells in the microcirculation.

PMID- 954780
TI  - An attempt to induce portal hypertension and esophageal varices in the rat.
AB  - An attempt to induce portal hypertension using Ameroid constrictors and shunt
      operations is described. 1 week after the application of the Ameroid constrictor
      around the portal trunk, it was completely occluded and portal venous pressure
      was elevated to a level about twice of normal range. Angiographically,
      splenorenal collaterals and collaterals overbridging the Ameroid constrictor were
      observed in all examined rats. However, esophageal varices could not be found in
      any rat. In the second series of the experiment, an end-to-side cavoportal shunt
      was created before the application of the Ameroid constrictor. This operation
      model was devised to increase the portal venous flow. At the same time this
      operation should inhibit the development of splenorenal collaterals and as
      expected collaterals to the superior vena cava system developed instead. However,
      they were not located in the esophageal wall but retroperitoneally.

PMID- 954781
TI  - Exercise fitness, cardiac work and blood viscosity factors in patients and
      normals.
AB  - A study of 41 cardiovascular patients and normals showed significant correlations
      between physical fitness (as expressed by a fitness index based on work output)
      and high shear rate blood viscosity (p less than 0.01); between the cardiac work
      expressed as double product (= myocardial oxygen demand) and aggregation of red
      cells (p less than 0.05); between the triple term of cardiac work (fitness index
      divided by double product) and high shear rate blood viscosity (p less than
      0.005) or aggregation of red cells (p less than 0.05), in all cases correlations
      being negative i.e., higher cardiac work or higher fitness being related to low
      blood viscosity or lower aggregation of red cells. Significant differences were
      found between high-fitness and low-fitness groups, the high-fitness group showing
      from plasma viscosity (p less than 0.0005), lower fibrinogen level (p less than
      0.05), and higher albumin/fibrinogen ratio (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 954782
TI  - A catheter for vascular surgery.

PMID- 954783
TI  - The place of gastrin determination in ulcer surgery.
AB  - This paper is concerned with the place of gastrin determination in ulcer surgery.
      Only the acid-stimulating properties of gastrin are considered. The role of the
      vagus in the gastrin response to a test meal was investigated in patients with
      duodenal ulcer. 50 patients were studied before and 3, 6, and 12 months after
      highly selective vagotomy without (25 patients) and with Wnagensteen-pyloroplasty
      (25 patients). Basal and stimulated gastrin concentration in serum, as determined
      by radioimmunoassay, were higher 3 months after the operation and 3h after the
      test meal gastrin levels were still 50% higher than the basal levels. No
      difference was found between the patients treated with highly selective vagotomy
      and the patients treates with HSV and additional pyloroplasty. 6 and 12 months
      after the operation a moderate decrease of gastrin secretion was observed, but
      basal as well as stimulated levels were still elevated after 12 months compared
      to the values before operation. Our results indicate that the pattern of gastrin
      secretion changes as time passes after highly selective vagotomy with or without
      additional pyloroplasty.

PMID- 954784
TI  - Modification of procine stress ulceration by methylprednisolone, vitaminA and
      methysergide treatment.
AB  - Using a swine shock ulcer model, three pharmacological agents,
      methylprednisolone, vitamin A and methysergide were evaluated, as they protect
      gastric mucosa against acute ulceration. Following haemorrhagic shock (3 h
      duration; mean arterial pressure 40 mm Hg) nine of the ten control animals (90%)
      developed gastric ulceration. Of the six test animals treated with intravenous
      methylprednisolone during the shock, only one (17%) developed gastric lesions (p
      less than 0.02; x2 = 5.76). Of the ten test animals pretreated with massive doses
      of parenteral vitamin A, only three (30%) developed lesions (p less than 0.05; x2
      = 5.21). In contrast to this, treatment with methysergide, a serotonin
      antagonist, did not significantly effect the ulceration rate, since four of the
      six test animals (67%) had gastric lesions. The results suggest that
      methylprednisolone and vitamin A do protect the gastric mucosa from experiment
      stress ulceration, but their mechanism of action remain obscure and further
      investigation is needed to judge their value in clinical use.

PMID- 954785
TI  - Insulin response and portal-peripheral insulin difference during the oral glucose
      tolerance test in patients after abdominal operations.
AB  - Following abdominal surgery, insulin and glucose concentrations in the portal
      vein, and a peripheral vein are compared in patients during control periods and
      after oral administration of glucose. During the control period, the glucose
      concentrations are identical in both veins. After glucose loads with the prompt
      increase of portal glucose concentration the portal-peripheral difference also
      increases (p less than 0.01). During the control period the insulin concentration
      in the portal vein is double as compared to peripheral blood (p less than 0.005).
      After glucose load the increasing portal insulin as well as the peripheral and
      portal glucose correlate with the portal-peripheral insulin difference (p less
      than 0.001). Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between the
      peripheral glucose area as a parameter of glucose tolerance and the portal
      insulin area as a semiquantitative parameter of insulin secretory capacity (p
      less than 0.001). It can be concluded that in the early postoperative period in
      patients with a diminished oral glucose tolerance (large glucose areas) there is
      an even greater insulin response in comparison to patients with normal oral
      glucose tolerance. On the other hand, however, in those patients with diminished
      glucose tolerance, the insulin response is essentially delayed.

PMID- 954786
TI  - Metabolism in the hypothermically perfused kidney. Production and utilization of
      lactate and utilization of acetate in the dog kidney.
AB  - The mechanism for the high lactate production during hypothermic kidney perfusion
      has not been clarified previously. The metabolism of lactate and acetate was
      studied in 23 dog kidneys during continuous hypothermic perfusion. The perfusions
      were performed in a Gambro machine with a perfusate based on human serum albumin.
      With a perfusate containing fatty acid extracted albumin, which was almost free
      of fatty acids, the glucose uptake of the kidney was more pronounced than during
      perfusion with a fatty acid-rich perfusate. The high glucose uptake under this
      perfusion condition was associated with a lower lactate production and a higher
      glucose oxidation rate. In perfusions with a perfusate containing lactate at a
      concentration of 2.5 mmol/l a considerable lactate uptake of the kidney was
      shown. By isotope dilution technique the production and uptake rate of lactate
      was estimated at 4.4 and 8.0 mumol/g kidney and day in two experiments. The
      labeled lactate carbon was recovered in CO2, and glucose in the perfusate
      indicating a continuous oxidation and gluconeogenesis. Acetate was used by the
      kidney both for oxidation and for gluconeogenesis. Addition of acetate to the
      ordinary fatty acid-rich perfusate caused an enhanced lactate production from the
      perfused kidney. The results indicate that the high lactate production during
      hypothermic perfusion of kidneys is mainly dependent on a metabolic blockade at
      the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 954787
TI  - Skeletal muscle metabolites as possible indicators of imminent death in acute
      hemorrhage.
AB  - The extent to which changes in tissue energy metabolism correspond to the
      severity of a hemorrhagic shock condition has been studied. In cats, 50% of the
      blood volume was withdrawn within 10 min, resulting in a fatal outcome within 3h
      (range from 45 min to 3 h). Skeletal muscle and blood samples were taken prior to
      the hemorrhagic and in the agonal phase or after 2 h in compensated bled animals.
      Tissue levels of ATP, CrP, G-6-P, lactate and glucose as well as blood levels of
      glucose, lactate and pyruvate were determined enzymatically. The results showed
      no depletion of phosphagen levels in the agonal phase, while glycolytic
      metabolites, lactate in particular, demonstrated a close correlation to
      circulatory deterioration and imminent death.

PMID- 954788
TI  - Wound healing. Comparison of healing rates of burn wounds and of excisional
      wounds.
AB  - The process of healing of skin excisions and skin burns of equal sizes has been
      compared in rabbits. Excisions heal definitely quicker than burns, despite the
      fact that the part of the skin exposed to the burning agent does not undergo
      necrosis. Small excisional wounds heal more rapidly than larger ones but the
      healing rate of burn wounds in our series was independent of their size.
      Secondary excision of the burned tissue accelerates the healing process. Thus the
      healing time of burn wounds seems to depend more on clearing the wounds of the
      necrotic tissue than on the mere repair of the skin loss.

PMID- 954789
TI  - Motility depressed intestinal propulsion following selective jejunal myotomy in
      the rat.
AB  - The effect of segmentary sectioning of the proximal jejunal tunica muscularis on
      intestinal propulsion was studied in the rat. Care was taken to avoid damage to
      the mucosa. In no instance was perforation or occlusion of the intestine
      observed. Myotomy was followed by a significant slackening of the passage of a
      test meal during the first 15 min after feeding, while the total transit time was
      virtually unchanged. Sectioning the musculature of the intestinal wall is shown
      to be responsible for retardation of bowel passage.

PMID- 954790
TI  - Effects of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) on DNA synthesis in kidney and
      other tissues of normal and tumour-bearing rats.

PMID- 954791
TI  - Plasma FSH and LH in post-menopausal women with breast cancer.

PMID- 954792
TI  - Effects of different dusts on respiratory carcinogenesis in hamsters induced by
      benzo (a) pyrene and diethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 954793
TI  - Continuous low-dose cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) therapy in advanced ovarian
      cancer.

PMID- 954794
TI  - Changes in the deoxyadenylate regions in 5 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemic
      DNA.

PMID- 954795
TI  - The effects of adriamycin and daunomycin on antitumoral immune effector
      mechanisms in an allogeneic system.

PMID- 954796
TI  - Cross-reactions among mouse tumors of different etiology as detected by
      macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test.

PMID- 954797
TI  - Changes in proliferation rate of human bone marrow colony-forming cells measured
      by a cytosine arabinoside-diffusion chamber method.

PMID- 954798
TI  - Spontaneous transformation of human fibroblast cultures derived from bronchial
      carcinomata.

PMID- 954799
TI  - Norethisterone acetate in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 954800
TI  - Stereological measurements of bladder tumour morphology.

PMID- 954801
TI  - Cellular "modulation" in breast tumour cultures.

PMID- 954802
TI  - Bone mass in maintenance haemodialysis. Prospective study with sequential
      biopsies.
AB  - The change of bone mass during maintenance haemodialysis was studied in 20
      patients. Iliac crest biopsies were obtained at a 9 - 16 months interval. Two
      biopsies were taken in order to give an independent estimate of the sampling
      error. 22 individuals in the same age group without skeletal disease who died
      from traffic accidents or from violent deaths were used as controls.
      Undecalcified sections of bone (Masson-Goldner-stain) were evaluated by
      micromorphometry. At the beginning of the study osteosclerosis (i.e. volumetric
      density of bone above x +/- 2 SD in control patients) was found in 14 out of 20
      patients. Volumetric density of bone only increased in one of the patients during
      the observation period. A significant decrease of volumetric density of bone was
      found in 5 out of 20 patients. This could be attributed to prolonged
      immobilisation in two cases and to inadequate protein- and calorie-intake in two
      cases. No predisposing factor could be found in the fifth case. It is concluded
      that loss of spongy bone mass (osteopenia) is not an invariable result of
      haemodialysis.

PMID- 954803
TI  - Activity of erythropoietin and renin in renal venous blood of hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - Plasma activities of renin and erythropoietin were determined in the renal veins
      of the right and left kidneys of hypertensive patients. The patients were divided
      into the following groups either according to the origin of the hypertension
      (group 1: control for essential hypertension, group 2: renovascular hypertension)
      or according to the hormone levels (group 3: renin activity exceeding 10 ng/litre
      in at least one of the renal veins and group 4: erythropoietin activity higher
      than 4% 59Fe incorporation in at least one of the renal veins). In groups 1, 2
      and 3 a statistically significant difference in renin activity was found between
      the kidney with the higher renin activity and that with the lower activity.
      However, in group 4, the side, which showed elevated erythropoietin values also
      had higher renin activity as compared to the essential hypertensive group.
      Erythropoietin activity probably does not parallel the increased renin activity
      found in renovascular hypertension or in some cases of non-renovascular
      hypertension. However, in several cases of renal vascular alterations, both
      systems can be activated simultaneously.

PMID- 954804
TI  - Influence of bile acids upon biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion in
      the dog.
AB  - The relationship between taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate secretion and
      cholesterol and phospholipid secretion in bile was studied in anaesthetized dogs
      infused with graded doses of these bile acids. Cholesterol output was linearly
      related to bile acid output during both taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate
      infusions. On the average 1.45 nmol and 4.70 nmol of cholesterol were secreted
      per mumol of taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate respectively (P less than
      0.001). A linear relationship was also observed between phospholipid secretion
      rate and taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate secretion rates. However, the
      amounts of phospholipid secreted per mumol of taurocholate or
      taurochenodeoxycholate (respectively 0.10 and 0.15 mumol) were not significantly
      different. Thus, bile was less saturated with cholesterol during taurocholate
      infusions than during taurochenodeoxycholate infusions. These results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that micelle formation by bile acids is a major
      determinant of cholesterol and phospholipid secretion in the dog.

PMID- 954805
TI  - Removal of exogenous plasma triglycerides in forearm muscle and subcutaneous
      tissue of hyper-and normotriglyceridaemic men.
AB  - Absolute arterio-venous removal and fractional removal of blood-borne exogenous
      triglyceride particles by skeletal and subcutaneous tissues were determined in
      eight normotriglyceridaemic and six hypertriglyceridaemic men. Estimations were
      made by simultaneously sampling blood from catheters inserted into a brachial
      artery, and in the distal direction, into a superficial and deep vein, draining
      subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle respectively. During the infusion of the
      fat emulsion IntralipidR for 3 hours steady arterial concentrations of exogenous
      TG particles were found, indicating first order kinetics. In all subjects
      absolute arterio-venous and fractional removal of triglycerides were about twice
      as high in skeletal muscle as in subcutaneous tissue. In skeletal muscle the
      fractional removal and absolute removal were significantly higher in
      normotriglyceridaemic than in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects (p less than 0.001).
      No decrease in removal with time was observed, which would have suggested
      saturation of removal sites. Mean fractional removal in skeletal muscle was
      significantly correlated with the k2 value determined by an intravenous fat
      tolerance test before the infusion study (r = 0.61, p less than 0.05). In
      subcutaneous tissue fractional removal was also significantly higher in
      normotriglyceridaemic subjects (p less than 0.05). The results suggest that in
      both skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue the removal system is impaired in
      hypertriglyceridaemic subjects. This finding supports the concept that a
      decreased elimination capacity in these tissues may partly account for
      triglyceride elevation in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects.

PMID- 954806
TI  - The effects of prostaglandin E1 and sodium meclofenamate on blood pressure in
      renal hypertensive rats.
AB  - Conflicting evidence exists regarding the ability of PGE1 to normalize blood
      pressure in renal hypertensive rats. We performed experiments to determine the
      effect of PGE1 (15 mug/kg i.p. daily for 3 weeks) in renal hypertensive Wistars
      and found no significant change in systolic pressure. A higher dose (150 mug/kg
      i.p.) lowered pressure after 14 days of treatment, but not back to control
      levels. Further investigations are required to establish the mechanism whereby
      PGE1 evokes this fall. To test the hypothesis that endogenous prostaglandins have
      a hypotensive function in renal hypertension, experiments were performed using
      sodium meclofenamate to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. In chronic
      hypertensive rats the drug had no significant effect, while in the acute phase of
      renal hypertension there was a dose-dependent inhibition of the pressure rise.
      The possibility is suggested that prostaglandins may initiate or sustain the
      acute phase of renal hypertension in rats.

PMID- 954807
TI  - Effects of levomepromazine, chlorpromazine and their sulfoxides on isolated rat
      atria.
AB  - The effects of levomepromazine, chlorpromazine and their sulfoxides were studied
      on spontaneously beating and on electrically driven rat atria in vitro.
      Levomepromazine, chlorpromazine and levomepromazine sulfoxide produced a dose
      dependent decrease in the work index of spontaneously beating atria and in the
      contractile force of electrically driven atria, while chlorpromazine sulfoxide
      was relatively inactive in these respects. At higher concentrations,
      levomepromazine sulfoxide caused a pronounced increase in the threshold for
      electrical stimulation and the effective refractory period. Compared to
      chlorpromazine, levomepromazine looses less of its cardio-depressive effect
      through sulfoxidation.

PMID- 954808
TI  - Turnover of acid dopamine metabolites in striatal and mesolimbic tissue of the
      rat brain.
AB  - The subject of this study was the disappearance of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic
      acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) from the brain of rats treated with
      pargyline and pargyline in combination with tropolone. The DOPAC decline was
      exponential after pargyline treatment, while the HVA decline became a first order
      elimination when in addition to monoamine oxidase, catechol-O-methyl transferase
      was also inhibited. The turnover of the metabolites was calculated by multiplying
      the steady state level by the fractional rate constant (k). The DOPAC turnover
      was found to be 23.3 nmol/g/h in the corpus striatum and 22.6 nmol/g/h in the
      mesolimbic structures. The HVA turnover was 11.2 nmol/g/h in the corpus striatum
      and 6.7 nmol/g/h in the mesolimbic structures. The data showed that under control
      conditions DOPAC is only partially O-methylated to HVA, while the formation of
      HVA via the methoxytyramine pathway is unlikely. DOPAC turnover therefore
      probably approximates dopamine turnover.

PMID- 954809
TI  - Distribution and occurrence of amphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine in tissues of
      the rat after injection of d-amphetamine sulfate.
AB  - The distribution of amphetamine and the formation and distribution of its
      principal metabolite p-hydroxyamphetamine after the injection of relatively small
      amounts of d-amphetamine was examined in the rat. Amphetamine entered all organs
      readily and was rapidly eliminated. p-Hydroxyamphetamine was rapidly synthesised
      and it is suggested that substrate inhibition of hepatic hydroxylating enzymes
      occurs. In the brain, amphetamine was homogeneously distributed between the seven
      brain regions examined whereas p-hydroxyamphetamine was predominantly
      concentrated in the striatum.

PMID- 954810
TI  - The masking role of the sodium pump and chloride ions on the effect of carbachol
      in- and outside the endplate region of rat diaphragm muscle.
AB  - The effect of carbachol (10(-3)M) on the membrane potential of rat diaphragm
      muscle fibres near and remote from the endplate has been investigated by means of
      a microelectrode technique. In the endplate region a rather slow depolarization
      was observed followed by spontaneous repolarization. Outside the endplate region
      similar, but smaller, responses could be measured. In a muscle part separated
      from the endplate zone, carbachol had no depolarizing effect. Inhibition of the
      sodium pump by ouabain (10(-4)M) or potassium-free medium not changing the
      membrane potential itself, allowed carbachol to exert a depolarizing effect on
      this endplate-free membrane, while in endplate-free regions continuous with the
      endplate-zone the depolarizations already observed were enhanced. In low chloride
      solutions carbachol also had a depolarizing effect on endplate-free muscle
      membrane. It is concluded from these experiments that a direct effect of
      cholinergic drugs on endplate-free muscle membrane of rat diaphragm is
      counteracted by the sodium pump in combination with passive chloride movements.
      The results are discussed in the context of known receptor densities and chloride
      effects.

PMID- 954811
TI  - Effects of anesthetics and septal lesions and stimulation on 3H-acetylcholine
      formation in rat hippocampus.
AB  - The rate of 3H-acetylcholine (ACh) formation from i.v. injected 3H-choline was
      studied in the rat hippocampus after various treatments which alter the activity
      of cholinergic septal hippocampal neurons. Administration of pentobarbital and
      placement of acute septal lesion reduced the formation of 3H-ACh but did not
      change 3H-choline content. Chloral hydrate administration reduced the formation
      of 3H-ACh and also increased 3H-choline content. The chloral hydrate induced
      increase in 3H-choline occurred also in animals with chronic septal lesions.
      Electrical stimulation of the septum caused an increase in both 3H-ACh and 3/
      choline. Chronic septal lesion caused a reduction in both radioactive and
      endogenous ACh, but did not affect radioactive or endogenous choline. These
      findings suggest that there are multiple pools of choline in the brain and that
      the precursor pool for ACh synthesis is difficult to measure. Overall, the
      parameter that best correlated with cholinergic activity was the level of 3H-ACh.
      Possible mechanisms, for this finding are discussed.

PMID- 954812
TI  - Inhibition by ethanol of noradrenaline output from peripheral sympathetic nerves:
      possible interaction of ethanol with neuronal receptors.
AB  - The sympathetic nerve terminals of the isolated rabbit heart perfused with Tyrode
      solution were used to study the action of ethanol on the noradrenaline uptake and
      release. The uptake of exogenous noradrenaline (10 ng/ml) into the sympathetic
      nerve endings, the noradrenaline output evoked by raising the concentration of
      potassium ions in the perfusion fluid, and the release in response to electrical
      stimulation of the nerve axons were inhibited only by lethal concentrations of
      the alcohol; the concentrations which caused 50% inhibition (IC50) amounted to
      760 mM, 830mM, and 1150 mM respectively. However, ethanol at concentrations
      compatible with moderate intoxication reduced the noradrenaline release in
      response to activation of the nicotine receptors on the nerve terminals by
      dimethylphenylpiperazine; the threshold concentration was 36 mM and the IC50 was
      129 mM. It is suggested that this effect is due to hydrophobic interaction of the
      alcohol with receptor proteins, thus inhibiting stimulus formation.

PMID- 954813
TI  - A new probe for heterogeneity in muscarinic receptors: 2-methyl-spiro-(1, 3
      dioxolane-4, 3')-quinuclidine.
AB  - The title compound (MSDQ) is a new muscarinic agonist related to 3
      acetoxyquinuclidine (3-AcQ) but also of a highly rigid structure. In view of
      this, it may constitute a probe for the detection of heterogeneity among
      muscarinic receptors. Indeed, equipotent molar ratios (EPMR) for ACh, 3-AcQ and
      MSDQ were as follows: guinea pig ileum, 1 : 14 : 240; vasodepressor effect in the
      cat, 1 : 6 : 188. But EPMR for 3-AcQ and MSDQ as stimulants of the superior
      cervical ganglion in the cat were 1 : 1 and for the induction of tremors in mice,
      9 : 5. No such subtle differences in receptor specificity were detected when the
      probe used was the 2, 2-diphenyl analogue (DiPSDQ) of MSDQ which was a powerful
      competitive antagonist in all systems, more potent than atropine, but with a
      CNS/PNS activity of 1.1 compared to 26 for atropine. In view of this, the use of
      potent antagonists as probes for muscarinic receptor heterogeneity is
      questionable.

PMID- 954814
TI  - Alteration of tumor growth by aspirin and indomethacin: studies with two
      transplantable tumors in mouse.
AB  - Oral daily administration of aspirin or indomethacin retarded growth of
      experimental tumors in mouse. Aspirin treatment, 150 mg/kg twice daily, inhibited
      growth of a transplantable mast-cell ascites tumor (P815) by 39-43% (p less than
      0.001) and of a s.c. transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma by 52% (p less than 0.025)
      without adversely affecting body growth. The total serotonin, histamine and
      histidine decarboxylase content of the ascites tumor was also reduced as was the
      urinary excretion of the amines. Treatment with 3 and 5 mg/kg indomethacin
      resulted in 40% (p less than 0.01) and 80% (p less than 0.001) reduction,
      respectively, in ascites tumor growth. With the higher dose of indomethacin, no
      tumor was observed in half of the animals inoculated with tumor, although signs
      of indomethacin toxicity (reduced body growth, gastric lesion) was evident in the
      animals.

PMID- 954815
TI  - Studies on the site of action of clonidine utilizing a sympathetic-cholinergic
      system.
AB  - Clonidine (30 mug/kg, i.v.) reduced centrally evoked electrodermal responses
      (EDR) following stimulation of reactive loci in the hypothalamus and medulla. The
      responses were most depressed following low frequency stimulation. Similar
      results were observed on the EDR evoked by stimulation of the cervical cord in
      the spinal cat. Little effect was seen following peripheral nerve stimulation.
      These results demonstrate that clonidine depresses the reactivity of this
      sympathetic-cholinergic system at all central levels including the cervical cord.

PMID- 954816
TI  - Effects of chlorprothixene isomers on platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors:
      evidence for different 5-hydroxytryptamine conformations at uptake and
      stimulatory sites.
AB  - The thioxanthene neuroleptic, cis-chlorprothixene, was approximately 200 times
      more potent than its transisomer as an inhibitor of the aggregation of human
      blood platelets induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). Against the active uptake
      of 5HT by these cells, however, trans-chlorprothixene was twice as inhibitory as
      its cisisomer, and this inhibition was found to be competitive. It is suggested
      that 5HT adopts different conformations for binding to its two platelet
      receptors.

PMID- 954817
TI  - The positive inotropic and chronotropic actions of some amino acids and their
      effects in mobilizing noradrenaline.
AB  - The effects of methionine, cysteine and serine on the rate and strength of
      contractions of isolated Langendorff preparations of perfused dog heart and on
      spontaneous release of catecholamine (CA) from these hearts were investigated.
      These neutral amino acids increased the amplitude of ventricular contractions.
      Methionine and cysteine also stimulated the ventricular rate. They induced
      release of noradrenaline (NA) from the isolated heart. Their inotropic and
      chronotropic effects were significantly inhibited by pretreatment of the heart
      with propranolol.

PMID- 954818
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to acute hypoxia in dogs pretreated with benserazide and
      L-DOPA.
AB  - In the control dogs, hypoxia induced different hemodynamic modifications (i.e. an
      increase of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, regional blood
      flow) which seem to be related to a release of epinephrine. Pretreatment with
      benserazide (20 mg/kg i.v.) and L-Dopa (50 mg/kg i.p.) either lessened or
      completely suppressed any sign of sympathetic stimulation. These results suggest
      that chemoreceptors are centrally inhibited as had been previously proved for
      baroreceptors.

PMID- 954819
TI  - Recovery of central respiratory function following anticholinesterase
      intoxication.
AB  - Spontaneous recovery of central respiratory function was studied in anesthetized
      guinea pigs intoxicated with pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (Soman) or
      isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (Sarin). I.v adiministration of either agent
      produced an immediate disruption phrenic nerve activiity and resulting
      ventilatory failure. Animals were maintained on artifical respiration until
      spontaneous functional recovery was complete, as evidenced by the re
      establishment of synchronized burst activity on the phrenic nerve and return of
      tracheal airflow. This usually occurred within 1 h. Animals were sacrificed at
      predetermined intervals after intoxication, and the brainstem homogenates were
      analyzed for AChE activity. Results showed no significant return of AChE activity
      after 1 h, although functional recovery of respiration was complete within this
      time. Additional doses of the agents were administered at various times after
      recovery from the respiratory blockade. Following spontaneous restoration of
      ventilatory function, subsequent injections of the organophosphorus compounds
      failed to reinstate central respiratory paralysis, although they further
      depressed brainstem AChE levels. These data suggest that spontaneous recovery of
      central respiratory function after intoxication with Soman or Sarin may not be
      related to the return of AChE activity.

PMID- 954820
TI  - Des-Asp1-angiotensin I: a metabolite of angiotensin I in the perfused feline
      adrenal.
AB  - The administration of radioactive angiotensin I to the retrogradely perfused
      feline adrenal gland caused a brisk discharge of catecholamines. Recovery of the
      labelled decapeptide and metabolites in the adrenal effluent fluid was complete
      in 5 min. Radioimmunoassay of this perfusate revealed that most of the peptide
      remained as angiotensin I, but chromatographic and electrophoretic evaluation
      indicated that  greater than 68% of the peptide had been metabolized to des-asp1 
      angiotensin I. The absence of des-asp1  -angiotensin II, angiotensin II or his-3H
      leu in adrenal effluent fluid suggested minimal dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase
      activity in this preparation. In addition, the profile of angiotensin I
      metabolites from the perfused adrenal was not altered by treatment with a
      converting enzyme inhibitor B. jararaca nonapeptide. The des-asp1-angiotensin I
      peptide was a very weak secretagogue in the adrenal medulla. If metabolism of the
      decapeptide to the nonapeptide occurs in the medulla, this may represent a
      pathway to limit the secretory action of angiotensin I. These results suggest a
      high degree of adrenal aminopeptidase activity which may be primarily localized
      in the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 954821
TI  - Tolerance to hexobarbital and supersensitivity to pilocarpine after chronic
      barbital treatments in the rat.
AB  - Tolerance and physical dependence induced by chronic treatments with depressant
      drugs has been proposed as being due to denervation or disuse supersensitivity in
      the central nervous system. To illustrate this hypothesis, tolerance to
      barbiturates and the sensitivity to central cholinergic stimulation were recorded
      in the same male rats. Tolerance to barbiturates was recorded with a hexobarbital
      threshold. The dose needed to obtain an EEG criterion was measured. Sensitivity
      in central cholinergic structures was recorded by a temperature threshold method.
      A subthreshold dose of pilocarpine (3.5 mg/kg) was given s.c. together with 1.0
      mg/kg methylscopolamine i.p. An increase in sensitivity to pilocarpine was
      recorded as a decrease in body temperature. In the abstinence period after 42
      weeks of oral treatment with barbital, tolerance was recorded with the
      hexobarbital threshold method. The tolerance had two peaks, one after the end of
      the treatment and one approximately 3 weeks later. An increased sensitivity to
      pilocarpine was also recorded in the abstinence period. It had the same biphasic
      time pattern as the tolerance. Cholinergic neurones are thus probably involved in
      the changes induced by chronic barbital treatment. The denervation
      supersensitivity hypothesis of tolerance was not refuted by the present
      experiments.

PMID- 954822
TI  - A study of muscarinic receptor heterogeneity with weak antagonists.
AB  - A study of heterogeneity among muscarinic receptors was carried out with new
      rigid molecules, comprising structures in the fused quinuclidine-valerolactone,
      quinuclidine-cyclohexenone, quinuclidine-cyclohexanone and quinuclidine
      cyclohexane derivatives. These are structurally related to the potent muscarinic
      agent, 3-acetoxyquinuclidine but substantially different from in it conformation.
      All proved to antagonize acetylcholine-like activity, but to a different extent
      in different systems. The equipotent molar ratio with respect to atropine (as 1)
      was: isolated guinea pig ileum, 10,000-1,000; salivary gland (mouse), 1,000-100;
      superior cervical ganglion (cat), 100-10; CNS (mouse), approximately 10. It is
      suggested that the rigid structure induces a three-point constrained fit in the
      receptor (onium group, hydrophobic moiety and carbonyl group), but that not all
      muscarinic receptors are capable of responding equally. In this case, receptor
      specificity of the drug is a direct consequence of its graded departure from the
      preferred conformation of acetycholine and, therefore, is necessarily associated
      with partial loss of potency.

PMID- 954823
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for the simultaneous determination of morphine and codeine.
AB  - Antiserum against morphine was produced in rabbits immunized with morphine hapten
      conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The carrier protein was conjugated to the
      nitrogen atom of the opiate alkaloid in order to make the phenolic hydroxy group
      on C3 and the alcoholic group on C6 as determinant groups. The antibody does not
      recognize codeine or the major metabolite of morphine, 3-O-monoglucuronide. This
      antibody was used in conjunction with an antibody prepared against 3-O
      carboxymethylmorphine to develop a radioimmunoassay which can measure codeine in
      the presence of morphine. The assay was used to follow both the plasma and brain
      levels of codeine and its biotransformation to morphine. Codeine when
      administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg i.v. showed a biphasic plasma decay curve the
      first phase of which had a +1/2 of 26 min. Peak concentrations of morphine were
      detected in the plasma following that dose of codeine at 0.5 h. 30 min after the
      injection of 20 mg/kg i.p. codeine, the brain levels of morphine were only 2%
      that of codeine. Thereafter, the brain levels of morphine slowly declined.

PMID- 954824
TI  - Influence of chloride and sodium pump activity on carbachol- and acetylaholine
      induced depolarizations in denervated rat diphragm.
AB  - The effect was measured of low chloride medium and ouabain on carbachol- and
      acetylcholine-induced depolarizations in denervated rat diaphragm. Membrane
      potentials were measured in rat diaphragm muscle fibers 10-14 days after
      denervation. Depolarizations induced by carbachol and acetycholine were increased
      when the extracellular chloride concentration was diminished from 110 to 40 or 10
      mM. Sodium pump inhibition by ouabain (10(-4) M) dramatically enhanced the
      carbachol depolarizations. In 40 mM Cl- solutions, dose-response relations were
      determineed with ACh in the absence of presence of dTc. For ACh a pD2 value of
      5.2 was found; the pA2 value for dTC appeared to be about 6.4. Therefore, the
      binding properties of the post-denervational receptors do not appear to be
      influenced by the chloride gradient. It was concluded that drug-induced
      depolarizations of the denervated rat diaphragm are short-circuited by chloride
      ions and counteracted by sodium pumping.

PMID- 954825
TI  - Steroid anaesthesia (Althesin - CT 1341) and dorsal horn cell activities in
      feline spinal cord.
AB  - The effects of steroid anaesthesia (Althesin -CT 1341) on dorsal horn cells
      (laminae 4 and 5) were studied by extracellular recordings in the spinal cat.
      I.v. administration of Althesin (0.2 ml/kg) strongly depressed the spontaneous
      and evoked activities of both types of cells. No differences were found between
      cells activated by noxious or innocuous stimuli. These results emphasize the fact
      that the transmission of afferent messages is depressed by various anaesthetics
      at the level of the first synapses in the CNS. The depressive effects on lamina 5
      cells could explain in part the analgesic effects of Althesin.

PMID- 954826
TI  - Effects of apomorphine and of pimozide on renin secretion in the anaesthetized
      dog.
AB  - This paper presents the results of a study of the receptors involved in renin
      hypersecretion induced by dopamine. Apomorphine induces renin hypersecretion
      without significantly modifying the renal blood flow. This renin hypersecretion
      is inhibited by haloperidol. However, pimozide, a selective dopaminolytic agent,
      is incapable of inhibiting the renin hypersecretion induced by dopamine. These
      results provide supplementary evidence for the existence of renal dopaminergic
      receptors which would appear to differ from the central dopaminergic receptors.

PMID- 954827
TI  - Effects of acute administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on pulmonary
      hemodynamics of anesthetized dogs.
AB  - I.v. administration of delta9-THC (2.5 mg/kg) To anesthetized dogs resulted in a
      decrease in heart rate, pulmonary blood flow (PBF), and a significant increase in
      pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and total pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).
      The increase in PVR to delta9-THC was significantly reduced by cardiac pacing,
      and was virtually abolished either by bilateral vagotomy or by pretreatment with
      hexamethonium. The data indicated the delta9-THC induced elevation of PVR was
      mediated via reflexogenic mechanisms involving afferent vagi and efferent
      autonomic pathways.

PMID- 954828
TI  - L-alpha-amino-beta-chloropropionic acid hydroxamide: an inhibitor of GABA-lapha
      oxoglutarate aminotrarsferase.
AB  - The intramuscular administration of L-alpha-amino-beta-chloropropinonic acid
      hydroxamide (2 mmol/kg) to mice strongly inhibited the activity of GABA-T, but
      not GAD, in the brain of the animals. Adminstration of the compound 3 h prior to
      isonicotinic acid hydrazide treatment significantly delayed the onset of seizures
      induced by the hydrazide.

PMID- 954829
TI  - Reduced hypotensive effect of clonidine after lesions of the nucleus tractus
      solitarii in rats.
AB  - Bilateral electrolytic lesion of the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS)
      in rats produced a sustained increase in blood pressure and reduced the
      hypotensive response to a single dose of clonidine (30 mug/kg, i.v.). The same
      dose of clonidine evoked a much larger drop in blood pressure in another group of
      rats in which an equialent increase in blood pressure was produced by bilateral
      section of the vagosympathetic trunks and occlusion of both carotid arteries. It
      is concluded that the dorsal part of the medulla oblongata in the area of NTS is
      an important link in the hypotensive action of clonidine.

PMID- 954830
TI  - Inhibitory effect of a caerulein-like peptide on human gastric secretion.
AB  - A synthetic heptapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal heptapeptide of
      caerulein but characterized by a nor-leucyl residue replacing the methyonyl
      residue of caerulein, when given by i.v. infusion (2 mug/kg/h), inhibited by 70
      80% pentagastrin (4 mug/kg/h)-stimulated gastric secretion...

PMID- 954831
TI  - Clozapine: reduction of the initial dopamine turnover increase by repeated
      treatment.
AB  - The levels of homovarillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in rat c.
      striatum after acute and 10 day administration of clozapine (30 and 100 mg/kg
      p.o.), thioridazine (100 mg/kg p.o.), haloperidol (1 mg/kg p.o.), and
      chlorpromazine (30 mg/kg p.o.), were estimated. With clozapine and haloperidol,
      the mesolimbic area was also investigated. With all these neuroleptics, the
      levels of both dopamine metabolites were reduced after a 10 day treatment as
      compared to acute administration, sometimes almost to control values. With
      clozapine, however, such a reduction occurred only with the higher dose of 100
      mg/kg p.o., acting for a period longer than 24 h. This tolerance phenomenon was
      also observed with clozapine and haloperidol in the mesolimbic area. We conclude
      that clozapine is not qualitatively different from classical neuroleptics with
      respect to development of biochemical tolerance.

PMID- 954832
TI  - Dehydrobenzperidol and disopyramide in A-V conduction.
AB  - The effects on A-V conduction of dehydrobenzperidol (Droperidol) 0.35 and 1.0
      mg/kg i.v.) and disopyramide (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg i.v.) were tested in
      anesthetized, open chest and paced dogs. His's bundle electrograms were recorded
      by means of a catheter electrode or by a sutured electrode-bearing plaque in the
      A-V nodal region. Droperidol at the lower dose did not modify conduction time,
      while 1.0 mg/kg (3 times the usual clinical dose), prolonged atrial-His
      conduction without modifying H-V interval. Disopyramide 1 mg/kg caused a non
      significant decrease in atrial-His concuction time, while in doses of 5 and 10
      mg/kg it prolonged both conduction times (S-H and H-V), due to a predominant
      direct depressant effect, which is opposite to the atropinic actions of the drug.

PMID- 954833
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine as a sensitizer of somatic nociceptors for pain-producing
      substances.
AB  - Experiments were performed on loosely restrained, conscious dogs in the femoral
      artery of which a chronic catheter was implanted. All substances were
      administered through the catheter and vocalization responses to them were used as
      a principal measure of nociception. In 10 experiments done on 7 dogs, after a
      single injection of 3 or 10 mumol of 5-hydroxytryptamine, threshold doses (about
      0.5 mumol) of acetylcholine for vocalization produced vocalization responses
      comparable with those to about 3 times threshold doses. In 5 experiments on 5
      dogs, after 10 mumol of 5-hydroxytryptamine, threshold doses (about 0.3 nmol) of
      bradykinin for vocalization produced vocalization responses comparable with those
      to about twice threshold doses. These doses of 5-hydroxytryptamine produced small
      vocalization responses in only 3 of the 12 dogs. These results indicate that 5
      hydroxytryptamine, although almost devoid of the activity producing noceceptive
      responses, sensitizes somatic nociceptors for pain-producing substances.

PMID- 954834
TI  - Nicotine-induced weight loss in rats without an effect on appetite.
AB  - Rats were administered 0.8 mg/kg nicotine (as base) i.p. 2 or 3 times a day for 5
      weeks, and their mean body weights were observed to be significantly lower than
      those of control groups administered 0.9% saline on a similar regimen. The
      reduction in body weight after chronic nicotine administration proved highly
      replicable and was produced in the absence of a significant decrease in food
      consumption. Upon cessation of nicotine administration, the mean body weights of
      the rats returned to control group levels. Administration of phenylbenzoquinone,
      an agent that stimulated sensory pain receptors, failed to produce a similar
      decrease in body weight. Likewise, pretreatment with cholinergic blocking drugs,
      mecamylamine and hexamethonium did not antagonize the nicotine-induced decrease
      in body weight. Application of these results to the human smoking habit and
      possible mechanisms of actions are discussed.

PMID- 954835
TI  - Dog platelets fail to aggregate when they form aggregating substances upon
      stimulation with arachidonic acid.
AB  - Dog platelets are refractory to aggregation by arachidonic acid (AA) but generate
      an unstable activity that aggregates rabbit platelets. Formation of this activity
      is inhibited by indomethacin, by the peroxide scavenging enzyme catalase, by two
      chelating agents that bind Cu+ and Cu2+ ions, by the -SH agent dithiothreitol and
      is stimulated by cysteine. Agitation of dog platelets is followed by spontaneous
      aggregation and uncovers aggregation by AA, which is blocked by indomethacin.
      Neither indomethacin nor apyrase prevent spontaneous aggregation, ruling out both
      activation of prostaglandin synthetase and leakage of ADP as possible
      explanations. Complexation of plasma Ca2+ by citrate as an explanation for
      refractoriness to AA was ruled out by replacing citrate with heparin. Dog
      platelets are also refractory to PGH2 formed from AA by the cyclo oxygenase
      component of prostaglandin synthetase. Aggregation of rabbit platelets by PGH2 is
      not inhibited by indomethacin, by catalase, by dithiothreitol or by metal
      chelating agents and is not potentiated by cysteine. This confirms that the
      reagents act before PGH2 is formed. Aggregating activity generated by dog
      platelets is probably due to an unstable lipoperoxide whose generation involves
      mechanisms similar to those responsible for aggregation of rabbit platelets,
      since similar antagonists block both processes.

PMID- 954836
TI  - Different chronotropic and inotropic effects of pentobarbital in the blood
      perfused, isolated dog atrium.
AB  - The isolated right atrium of the dog heart was perfused with arterial blood
      introduced from a carotid artery of a support dog. The selective administration
      of pentobarbital into the cannulated sinus node artery induced a negative
      inotropic effect without any significant change in chronotropism at relatively
      small doses. At higher doses, pentobarbital caused both negative chronotropic and
      inotropic effects. Even at that time, the negative chronotropic response to
      pentobarbital was much less than the negative inotropic response. Accordingly,
      pentobarbital could show a dissociation of electrical and mechanical activity in
      this preparation. On the other hand, either verapamil or manganese caused a
      negative chronotropic effect at the threshold dose for inducing a negative
      inotropic effect. It is suggested that the mode of cardiac action of
      pentobarbital may differ from calcium antagonists such as manganese or verapamil,
      although pentobarbital-induced effects may be associated with an impaired removal
      of calcium ion.

PMID- 954837
TI  - Reduction by indomethacin of furosemide effects in the rabbit.
AB  - The effects of furosemide on urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion and on
      plasma renin activity (PRA) were studied in anesthetized rabbits with and without
      pretreatment with indomethacin 5 mg/kg. Furosemide caused a 10-fold increase in
      urine flow and in sodium excretion, and a 2-3 fold increase in PRA. Pretreatment
      with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, reduced the effects of
      furosemide on diuresis and on electrolyte excretion by over 80% (p less than
      0.01) and PRA did not increase over the initial level. The results suggest that
      the effects of furosemide on PRA and on urinary sodium excretion may be related
      to the intrarenal activation of the prostaglandin system.

PMID- 954838
TI  - Binding of 14C-imipramine by pigmented and non-pigmented tissues.
AB  - When pigmented and non-pigmented rabbit irides were incubated with various
      concentrations of 14C-imipramine at equilibrium (120 min), the accumulation of
      the drug by the pigmented iris was 1.5 times as great as that by the non
      pigmented iris. The accumulated drug is lost from both types of irides in a
      complex fashion. However, even after 120 min of washing, the differences in
      accumulation remain nearly constant. When accumulation of the drug in the non
      pigmented iris was analyzed by discontinuous sucrose density gradient, it was
      observed that the drug was bound mainly by the low density sucrose fractions
      where the synaptosomes separate. On the contrary, in the pigmented iris
      approximately 70% of the drug was found in the melanin-containing fraction. The
      homogenate from the substantia nigra accumulated 1.5 times more than that from
      the human brain cortex. The affinity of the drug for bovine iris melanin granules
      and the synthetic L-dopa melanin was 9.9 X 10(5) M-1 and 3.8 X 10(3) M-1,
      respectively. On the rabbit iris sphincter muscles, imipramine was evaluated for
      antimuscarinic effects. The apparent dissociation constants, KB values, for the
      antagonist in the non-pigmented and pigmented iris were 1.7 X 10(-7) M and 3.8 X
      10(-6) M, respectively. The low antimuscarinic activity in the pigmented iris is
      attributed to the loss of the drug to the pigment. On this basis, relevancy of
      the drug binding by pigmented tissues to the effects of this tricyclic drug is
      discussed.

PMID- 954839
TI  - The effect of local anaesthetics on the vasoconstrictor response of the isolated
      perfused artery to adrenaline and noradrenaline.
AB  - The vascular response to intraluminally and extraluminally administered
      catecholamines mixed in combination with local anaesthetics has been studied
      using the isolated perfused rabbit ear artery as the model system. Potentiation
      of the vascular response to extraluminal adrenaline was observed when prilocaine,
      lignocaine or cocaine were combined in low concentrations with the
      vasoconstrictor. No potentiation of the vascular response to extraluminally
      administered noradrenaline could be demonstrated in the presence of prilocaine or
      lignocaine. Further, no potentiation to either catecholamine was found if the
      artery had been denervated or the drugs were applied intraluminally. Possible
      mechanisms for the potentiation of extraluminally applied adrenaline are
      discussed.

PMID- 954840
TI  - The interaction of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol with cholinomimetic drugs in an
      agonist-antagonist paradigm.
AB  - In rabbits, i.v. delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) at 0.5 mg/kg was
      challenged with i.v. arecoline (0.025 mg/kg), nicotine (0.02 mg/kg) or
      physostigmine (PHYSO, 0.05 mg/kg), and observations were made on quantified EEG
      and behavior. The cholinomimetics effectively reversed the cortical and
      hippocampal EEG alterations induced by delta9-THC. Arecoline and PHYSO
      temporarily reversed the behavioral-sedative effects of delta9-THC whereas the
      combination of delta9-THC with nicotine produced behavioral collapse preceded by
      behavioral disturbance.

PMID- 954841
TI  - Depression of rat cerebral cortical neurones by H1 and H2 histamine receptor
      agonists.
AB  - Histamine (H) and H1 agonists 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA) and 2-methylhistamine (2
      MH) produced a greater depression of the corticospinal and unidentified rat
      cerebral cortical neurones than did 4-methylhistamine (4-MH), an H2 agonist.
      Mepyramine antagonized the effects of 2-MH, PEA and H, and partially antagonized
      the depression induced by 4-MH. Metiamide and cimetidine, H2 antagonists, blocked
      4-MH and H but not 2-MH- and PEA-induced depression. These results indicate that
      H-induced depression of cortical neurones involves activation of H1 and H2
      receptors.

PMID- 954842
TI  - Regional rat brain levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic
      acid: concurrent fluorometric measurement and influence of drugs.
AB  - A concurrent semi-automatic fluorometric assay technique for 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), is described. The
      method is based on a rapid manually performed isolation of DOPAC and HVA on small
      columns of Sephadex G-10 followed by an automated fluorometric detection with a
      continuous flow system. DOPAC and HVA were measured in the corpus striatum,
      nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle of the rat, under normal conditions and
      after treatment with amphetamine, apomorphine, clozapine, haloperidol, morphine,
      oxotremorine, pargyline, probenecid, sulpiride and thioridazine. Clozapine,
      morphine, sulpiride and oxotremorine induced the most pronounced rise of DA
      metabolites in the nucleus accumbens. Probenecid produced a DOPAC accumulation in
      the nucleus accumbens. Striking differences were observed between the DOPAC/HVA
      ratios in the different structures of control animals. The concurrent assay
      enables a rapid screening of the action of drugs in regional DA metabolism.

PMID- 954843
TI  - Action of clonidine on the baroreceptor pathway and medullary sites mediating
      vagal bradycardia.
AB  - In anaesthetized dogs, clonidine (10 mug/kg i.v.) increased the spontaneous
      firing of the carotid sinus nerve and decreased blood pressure and heart rate.
      After transection of the spinal cord, clonidine decreased heart rate and this
      bradycardia was abolished by selective baroreceptor denervation. Clonidine (1
      mug/kg) injected into the vertebral artery of anaesthetized dogs, pretreated with
      a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent (S 2395: 50 mug/kg i.v.) potentiated the
      bradycardia induced by stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve but did not change
      the hypotension and bradycardia produced by stimulation of the nucleus tractus
      solitarius or of the nucleus ambiguus. In anaesthetized cats with bilateral
      destruction of nuclei tractus solitarii, clonidine (10 mug/kg i.v.) decreased
      blood pressure and heart rate. Clonidine (2 mug/kg), injected into the vertebral
      artery of anaesthetized dogs pretreated with a beta-adrenergic blocking agent (S
      2395: 50 mug/kg i.v.) or guanethidine, induced a bradycardia but the discharges
      of the carotid sinus nerve were not increased. Selective baroreceptor denervation
      abolished this bradycardia. In conclusion, these experiments provide direct
      evidence that the central facilitory effect of clonidine on baroreceptor impulses
      play a role in the bradycardic effect of the drug. This facilitation is likely
      localized in the nucleus tractus solitarius at the first synapse of baroreceptor
      fibres. The vagally mediated bradycardia can be explained by an increase in
      baroreceptor discharges and by the central facilitation of baroreceptor impulses.
      The site of the hypotensive effect of clonidine did not seem to be localized in
      the nucleus tractus solitarius.

PMID- 954844
TI  - Discriminative pentobarbital stimulus in rats immediately after intravenous
      administration.
AB  - Rats with chronically implanted venous cannulas were trained to make differential
      active or passive shock-avoidance responses in a 2-compartment box at 15 sec
      after i.v. adminstration of pentobarbital (5 mg/kg) or saline. The discriminative
      pentobarbital stimulus persisted for several min after adminstration. The
      pentobarbital response also was elicited in tests at 15 sec after i.v. injection
      of chlordiazepoxide (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) or alcohol (500 mg/kg). Subsequent training
      at 10 min after i.p. injection of pentobarbital (10 mg/kg), followed by tests
      after i.p. administration of other drugs, indicated that the discriminative drug
      stimulus is qualitatively similar with this different route and time interval. A
      general preference for the passive over the active response developed only in the
      second stage of training, during i.p. injections.

PMID- 954845
TI  - Studies relating morphine hypothermia with serotonin reuptake in the rat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine if the acute hypothermia elicited by
      morphine in the rat resulted from morphine-induced inhibition of serotonin
      reuptake into hypothalamic nerve-endings. The acute hypothermia elicited by
      morphine (30 mg/kg, s.c.) was reversed by pretreatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg,
      s.c.), a narcotic antagonist, which alone did not alter body temperature. In
      vitro uptake of serotonin into synaptosomes prepared from rat hypothalamus was
      inhibited 53% by the addition of morphine (7 X 10(-4) M) and 53.9% by naloxone (1
      X 10(-3) M). Simultaneous addition of both drugs in these same concentrations
      further inhibited synaptosomal serotonin uptake 77.8%. Uptake of serotonin uptake
      into synaptosomes isolated from rats injected with morphine (30 mg/kg, s.c.) was
      not altered as compared to controls. These data suggest that the acute
      hypothermic acition in morphine in the rat is not related to an inhibition of the
      serotonin reuptake mechanism in hypothalamic nerve-endings.

PMID- 954846
TI  - Effects of zinc chloride on gastric secretion and ulcer formation in pylorus
      occluded rats.
AB  - The effects of 10-day pretreatment with i.p. injections of zinc chloride, 16
      mg/kg, on gastric secretion and on gastric ulceration induced by stress or by
      acid accumulation were examined in pylorus-occluded rats. Zinc chloride
      pretreatment significantly reduced the volume of gastric secretion and the total
      acid output as well as the incidence of gastric ulcers induced either by stress
      or by acid accumulation. The findings support the idea zinc compounds may be
      useful in the treatment of gastric ulcers.

PMID- 954847
TI  - The effect of tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics on the peripheral and
      central action of norepinephrine in reserpine-treated mice.
AB  - The effect of exogenous norepinephrine on the ptosis induced by reserpine and its
      modification by tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics were studied in
      reserpine-pretreated mice. S.c injection of norepinephrine (0.3-5 mg/kg) reversed
      dose-dependently the ptosis induced by reserpine. The maximal effect was obtained
      15 min after norepinephrine administration. Tricyclic antidepressants (2.5 and 5
      mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the effect of norepinephrine. In contrast neuroleptics (1
      and 5 mg/kg i.p.) antagonized it. Intracerebral injection of norepinephrine (5-20
      mug) also reversed dose-dependently the ptosis induced by reserpine, and the
      maximal effect was obtained within 5 min. Tricyclic antidepressants potentiated
      the effect of norepinephrine, but neuroleptics antagonized it. Among tricyclic
      antidepressants, the potentiating action of secondary amines was stronger than
      that of tertiary amines. Chlorpromazine blocked the action of norepinephrine more
      strongly than did the same dose of haloperidol.

PMID- 954848
TI  - Effect of antihypertensive therapy on lysine incorporation into vascular protein
      of the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were either treated with hydralazine
      or hexamethonium or splanchnicotomized, so that the development of hypertension
      was effectively arrested for two weeks. The rate of incorporation of 3H-lysine
      into non-collagenous proteins in vivo of the heart, aorta and mesenteric arteries
      was determined in the treated SHR, as well as control SHR and normal Wistar/Kyoto
      (WK) rats. The lysine incorporation into the non-collagenous protein of
      mesenteric arteries was increased in 8-week-old SHR as compared with WK rats. Teh
      elevated lysine incorporation in the SHR was abolished by treatment with
      hexamethonium or by splanchnicotomy, but was not affected by treatment with
      hydralazine. It is suggested that sympathetic innervation is important fot the
      increased synthesis of vascular non-collagenous protein during the early
      hypertensive phase in the SHR.

PMID- 954849
TI  - Loss of an adrenergic effect in swiss mice.
AB  - The effect of adrenaline on the amount of blood eosinophils (eosinophilia) which
      had been found in Swiss mice in earlier experiments was lost after a few
      generations. The hyperglycemic response to adrenaline had not been changed.
      Sensitivities to noradrenaline and adrenaline were as found earlier, but the
      sensitivity to isoprenaline was reduced. The reduction of beta-adrenergic
      responsiveness suggests variations in biochemical parameters of mice or the
      appearance of mice genetically less responsive to beta-adrenergic drugs in only a
      few generations.

PMID- 954850
TI  - Enkephalin: a potential modulator of noradrenaline release in rat brain.
AB  - In slices of rat occipital cortex preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline, methioine
      enkephalin diminished the overflow of tritium evoked by electrical field
      stimulation or by 20 mM potassium. The effect was not modified by phentolamine,
      but was antagonized by naloxone. Giver alone, naloxone slightly increased the
      potassium-evoked overflow. It is concluded that enkephalin reduces transmitter
      release from cerebrocortical noradrenergic nerve endings. One-function of
      endogenous opiate receptor ligands may be presynaptic inhibition of central
      noradrenergic transmission.

PMID- 954851
TI  - [Analysis of digoxin by a radio-immunologic].
AB  - A more accurate knowledge of the effects of cardiotonic heterosides can be gained
      using radiocompetition. The present investigation aimed at: -comparing two
      commercial kits, the usual quality criteria being applied; -estimating cross
      reaction between the immune systems and the endogenous as well as exogenous
      structural analogues; -establishing the therapeutical or toxic levels in man.

PMID- 954852
TI  - [Determination of acetylator phenotype of isoniazid by superimposed sinusodial
      tension polarography].
AB  - Alternative current polarography has been applied to specific determination of
      INH and acetyl-isoniazide in serum and urine. Determinations can be achieved
      directly on diluted urines. The method allows measure of pharmacocinetic
      parameters and determination of acetylation phenotype following I.V.
      administration of the drug.

PMID- 954853
TI  - [Role of the laboratory in the diagnosis and treatment of lead poisoning].
AB  - A case of therapeutic lead poisoning in a six-week old child is reported, this
      aetiology being very common in paediatrics. The role of the laboratory in
      treatment is described, the latter having involved the addition of disodium
      calcitetracemate to the peritoneal dialysis fluid.

PMID- 954854
TI  - [Irritant power of the principle chlorinated aliphatic solvents on the skin and
      ocular mucosa of the rabbit].
AB  - A study was carried out in the rabbit in order to compare the cutaneous and
      ocular mucosa irritant powers of the principal aliphatic chloride solvents and of
      pure hexachlorobutadiene. Using Draize's method, that of the official technique
      for the assessment of cosmetic products and the interpretation of Kay and
      Calandra, a study was made of the effects of a single application or instillation
      of the common aliphatic chloride solvents. Macroscopic observations were followed
      by histological examination of the lesions and their course. With the exception
      of trichloro trifluoro-1,2,3-ethane, these substances are primary irritants but
      their effects on rabbit skin and ocular mucosa differ.

PMID- 954855
TI  - [Evoluation of biologic balance as a function of radiologic status in a
      population living in a endemic fluoride zone of southern Algeria].
AB  - Chronic fluoride intoxication in subjects living in an endemic South Algerian
      zone: El Oued (drinking water fluor: 3 to 5 mg/l), provokes some blood and
      urinary levels modifications, when compared to normals living in Algiers
      (drinking water fluor: 0,6 mg/l). These modifications are the more often present
      in stade 0 (normal radiologic aspect) and do not increase with radiological
      evolution (stades I, II, III). Fluoremy and fluorury increase. Phosphocalcic
      metabolism is altered. Tubular reabsorption coefficient, particularly, decreases
      strongly. Using renal functional exploration, a pretty soon tubular failure is
      founded, which preceeds glomerular failure. Blood levels of certain products and
      enzymes are studied.

PMID- 954856
TI  - [Poisoning by anorexigenics. Information from the data bank of the Anti-Poison
      Center of Marseille (1973)].
AB  - Using the data bank developed by the Computer Service of the Lyon Hospitals, the
      Anti-Poisons Centre of Marseille presents an initial study of intoxications by
      appetite suppressants. The work was complemented by a simultaneous study using
      conventional manual techniques. An epidemiologic review of 1973 and an
      approximate assessment of toxic doses in the adult and child were possible. They
      should be of particular use in answering telephone enquiries at anti-poison
      centres.

PMID- 954857
TI  - Effect of cholera toxin on intramembranous particles of a murine lymphoid cell
      line.

PMID- 954858
TI  - The size of the guanosine triphosphate pool active in the synthesis of stable RNA
      by stage 6 oocytes of Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 954859
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin B (CB) on the morula-to-blastocyst transformation and
      trophoblast outgrowth in the early mouse embryo.

PMID- 954860
TI  - The cell cycle of low passage and high passage human diploid fibroblasts.

PMID- 954861
TI  - A kinetic model for cell agglutination.

PMID- 954862
TI  - Kinetics of cell agglutination. A quantitative assay of concanavalin A mediated
      agglutination of Acanthamoeba castellanii.

PMID- 954863
TI  - Effect of colcemid on the spreading of fibroblasts in culture.

PMID- 954864
TI  - Absence of ribosomal DNA amplification in a meroistic polytrophic ovary.

PMID- 954865
TI  - Ion contents of human lymphocytes. The effects of concanavalin A and ouabain.

PMID- 954866
TI  - Sea urchin thymidylate synthetase. Changes of activity during embryonic
      development.

PMID- 954867
TI  - DNA synthesis in rabbit spleen cell populations stimulated by various doses of
      concanavalin A. I. Autoradiographic analysis.

PMID- 954868
TI  - DNA synthesis in rabbit spleen cell populations stimulated by various doses of
      concanavalin A. II. Equilibrium density sedimentation analysis.

PMID- 954869
TI  - Further investigations on the property of chromatins from apical and axial parts
      of cauliflower inflorescence.

PMID- 954870
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of lens fibers in healing mouse lens.

PMID- 954871
TI  - The corneal endothelium in vivo: its response to mild trauma.

PMID- 954872
TI  - The glycoprotein (mucus)content of tears from normals and dry eye patients.

PMID- 954873
TI  - Measurement of protein distribution in human lens by microspectrophotometry.

PMID- 954874
TI  - Naphthalene cataract in pigmented and albino rabbits.

PMID- 954875
TI  - Impairment of feed back control and induction of cholesterol synthesis in rats by
      aging.

PMID- 954876
TI  - Comparative studies of DNA size in various tissues of mice during the aging
      process.

PMID- 954877
TI  - Radiation-induced life span shortening of Artemia under different temperature
      conditions.

PMID- 954878
TI  - The effect of age on the regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in mouse
      liver.

PMID- 954879
TI  - Whole body protein turnover in aging man.

PMID- 954880
TI  - Changes in collagen with age--VI. Age and smoking related changes in human lung
      connective tissue.

PMID- 954881
TI  - On the mechanism of erythropoietin-induced differentiation. XIV. The apparent
      effect of etiocholanolone on initiation of erythropoiesis.
AB  - Etiocholanolone, when tested in normal mice or in mice that have been out of an
      hypoxic atmosphere for only a few days, stimulates erythropoiesis, but appears to
      have no effect on erythropoiesis when tested in plethoric mice that have very low
      residual red cell formation. The steroid, similarly, stimulates hemoglobin
      synthesis by marrow cells in culture if they are from normal mice, but has no
      effect on cells from transfused mice. Out data suggest that 5 beta-H androstane
      and pregnane derivatives do not have a primary action on the induction of
      erythropoiesis, but act on cells that are already differentiated.

PMID- 954882
TI  - Nonbursal origin of humoral immunity: immune capacity and cytomorphological
      changes in chickens bursectomized as 52- to 64-hours-old embryos.
AB  - Chickens sham-bursectomized as 52- to 64-hours-old embryos (SBx), chickens
      bursectomized at hatching (NeoBx) and chickens from which the bursal primordium
      was removed at 52-64 h of embryonation (EBx) were immunized with guinea pig red
      blood cells when 21 days old. Following the second injection of antigen, EBx
      chickens were found to elaborate ME-sensitive and ME-resistant hemagglutinins, to
      produce direct and indirect plaque-forming cells, and to contain lymphocytes
      bearing a specific bursa (Bu) antigen. These immune properties were more often
      expressed in sham-bursectomized and neonatally bursectomized chickens.
      Cytomorphological changes in the spleen, bone marrow and cecal tonsil of EBx
      chickens were typical for birds lacking the bursa. The number of lymphocytes and
      plasma cells in the bone marrow and liver of SBx, NeoBx and EBx chickens was very
      low. These results suggest that a very early embryonic bursectomy of chickens
      does not abolish humoral immunity completely and does not prevent the
      differentiation of Bu antigen-bearing lymphocytes.

PMID- 954883
TI  - Galactolipid fatty acids in brain of pyridoxine-deficient young rats.
AB  - The non-hydroxy fatty acids of the galactolipid fraction of brain lipids of
      pyridoxine-deficient rats have been analyzed. The results suggest an impairment
      in the pathway for the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids in the brain of
      pyridoxine-deficient rats.

PMID- 954884
TI  - [Quantitative ultrastructural study of the perikaryon of the Purkinje cell and of
      the adjacent area in normal and hypothyroid rats aged 21 days].
AB  - The effects of neonatal hypothyroidism on synaptic organization, glial
      surrounding and cytoplasmic structures of the Purkinje cell perikaryon of the 21
      days old rat were studied by electron microscopy. Hypothyroidism decreases the
      size of the perikaryon but does not change the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of the
      cell. At 21 days the axonal endings that make synapse on the Purkinje cell
      perikaryon, already show the adult morphological features and hypothyroidism does
      not change these. The general synaptic density on the Purkinje perikaryon is not
      significantly altered, but the cells of hypothyroid animals still recieve 1/3 of
      their axo-somatic synapses on somatic spines, whereas euthyroid animals have
      practically no synapses on somatic spines. Hypothyroidism leads the disappearance
      of the synchronism which normally exists between the translocation or resorption
      of the Purkinje cell somatic spines and the establishment of the basket cell
      synapses. The basket cell axons of the normal animals form synapses only on the
      smooth surfaces of the Purkinje cell perikaryon while they also establish it on
      the somatic spines of the hypothyroid animals. The density of the axon terminals
      of basket cells is decreased, while that of the endings of Purkinje cell axon
      collaterals and of climbing fibers are increased. Hypothyroidism produces an
      increase in the size of the glial sheath around the Purkinje perikaryon. It does
      not alter the proportion of the cytoplasmic area occupied by mitochondria, but in
      thyroid deficiency there is an increase in the numbers of mitochondria which are
      reduced in average size. The Golgi apparatus is only slightly affected. Thyroid
      defiency does not alter the density of the cytoplasmic agreggates of free
      ribosomes but there is a decrease in density of the ergastoplasm and a
      disorganization of the Nissl bodies.

PMID- 954885
TI  - Direct neural connection from the medial preoptic area to the hypothalamic
      arcuate nucleus of the rat.
AB  - Direct neural connections from the medial preoptic area (MPOA) to the arcuate
      nucleus were studied on light and electron microscope level by a multistep
      experimental procedure. The hypothalamic deafferentation technique of Halasz and
      Pupp (1965) was used in itself or was combined with electrolytic lesions. In
      order to eliminate all fibers of more rostral source traversing the medial
      preoptic area an extended rostral preoptic deafferentation was made, and a
      survival time of at least 3 weeks was chosen to allow for the complete
      disappearance of the degenerated fragments from the arcuate nucleus. In the main
      experimental group the medial preoptic area was destroyed by an electrolytic
      lesion 3 or more weeks following such rostral preoptic deafferentations. In these
      animals degenerated fibers and terminals certainly of preoptic origin were found
      distributed bilaterally, with a predominance on the side of the lesion. - These
      data suggest that axons originating from medial preoptic neurons terminate in the
      arcuate nucleus, thus constituting a preoptico-tuberal pathway.

PMID- 954886
TI  - Cat retinal ganglion cells projecting to the superior colliculus as shown by the
      horseradish peroxidase method.
AB  - 1. Cat retinal ganglion cells projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) were
      detected in flat whole-mounts of Nissl-stained retinas by means of unilateral
      intracollicular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 2. With the purpose
      of drawing a comparison between HRP-labeled ganglion cells and the remaining
      population of unlabeled ganglion cells, the latter were classified according to
      their perikaryal characteristics into three groups: large, medium and small
      ganglion cells. Measurements of perikaryal sizes of ganglion cells distributed
      from the central area to the periphery of the retina showed that large cells
      ranged from 20 to 44 mum, medium cells from 15 to 30 mum and small cells from 8
      to 17 mum. 3. Peroxidase-labeled retinal ganglion cells (HRP-cells) occurred
      among representatives of each of the three groups into which retinal ganglion
      cells had been classified. Small HRP-cells clearly constituted the majority of
      the HRP-cell population. When the injection site was restricted to the superior
      colliculus, medium HRP-cells as large as 19 mum were only occasionally observed,
      the 15 to 18 mum range being predominant over the medium cell population. 4.
      Medium HRP-cells larger than 20 mum were a common finding only when the injection
      site involved the pretectal nuclei and were never observed when the injection
      site was restricted to superior colliculus. 5. Possibility of a correspondence
      between the large, medium and small HRP-cells of the present study with,
      respectively, the physiological types Y-, X- and W- of cat retinal ganglion cells
      is discussed.

PMID- 954887
TI  - Generation and degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in the chicken.

PMID- 954888
TI  - Transcerebellar inhibitory interaction between the bilateral vestibular nuclei
      and its modulation by cerebellocortical activity.
AB  - In decerebrate, unanesthetized cats, the brain stem was longitudinally cut at the
      midline from its dorsal to ventral surface with the cerebellum kept intact,
      eliminating neural interactions between the bilateral vestibular nuclei through
      the brain stem. Extracellular spike potentials of vestibular type I neurons
      identified by horizontal rotation were distinctly inhibited by contralateral
      vestibular nerve stimulation. This crossed inhibition was abolished by removal of
      the medial part of the cerebellum, indicating that the inhibition was mediated
      through the cerebellum. Neither aspiration of the flocculus on the recording side
      nor intravenous administration of picrotoxin eliminated transcerebellar crossed
      inhibition, suggesting that it is mediated through the cerebellar nuclei. When
      the fastigial, interposite and dentate nuclei were stimulated, inhibition of
      vestibular type I neurons was produced only from the contralateral fastigal
      nucleus. Cerebellocortical stimulation which inhibited fastigial type I neurons
      suppressed transcerebellar crossed inhibition. Effective sites for suppression of
      transcerebellar crossed inhibition were localized to lobules VI and VIIa in the
      vermal cortex on the side of labyrinthine stimulation. Intracellular recordings
      were made from type I neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus. Stimulation of
      the contralateral vestibular nerve and the contralateral fastigial nucleus
      produced IPSPs in these neurons with the shortest latency of 3.8 msec and 1.8
      msec, respectively. The difference between these two latency values approximates
      the shortest latency of spike initiation of fastigial type I neurons in response
      to vestibular nerve stimulation. It is postulated that transcerebellar crossed
      inhibition is mediated through the fastigial nucleus on the side of labyrinthine
      stimulation.

PMID- 954889
TI  - Effects of tectal slits on the anomalous corticotectal fibres.
AB  - Following cortical lesion and a mid-saggital cut through the tectum in newborn
      albino rats, the remaining intact cortex was seen to project bilaterally to the
      superior colliculus with anomalous fibres running across the mid-line to the
      contralateral superior colliculus. In animals lesioned at day 5 postnatally and
      later, the anomalous fibres were mostly deflected by the scar tissue resulting
      from the tectal injury. In animals lesioned within the first 2 days after birth,
      a good proportion of the anomalous fibres coursed through the scar tissue. In all
      animals studied except one the pattern of terminations of the anomalous fibres
      was in agreement with the observations of Leong and Lund.

PMID- 954890
TI  - The integrative role of the intralaminar system of the thalamus in visual
      orientation and perception in the cat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation with repetitive pulses (6/sec) was applied to the internal
      medullary lamina and produced tonic contraversive turning movements of eyes and
      head which were associated with recruiting responses in the visual cortex.
      Optical gratings of a spatial frequency of 0.5 c/deg which alternated with
      diffuse illumination of equal intensity were then presented to the animal during
      conjugated adversive eye movements induced by intralaminar stimulation with
      continuous sine-wave alternating currents of 5000 c.p.s. The head of the animal
      was fixed except for rotation in the horizontal plane. Prior to intralaminar
      stimulation it was turned in the direction opposite to the induced eye movements
      so that the animal always viewed the central area of the screen. The potential
      recorded in the visual cortex in response to the gratings consisted of an initial
      positive-negative potential of the order of 20 muV followed by later deflections
      of irregular shape. The size of this initial potential was measured during
      induced gazing and in the absence of intralaminar stimulation. A significantly
      greater potential in response to the gratings was found during gazing.
      Diminishing the visual acuity of the animal resulted in a marked decrease of the
      initial potential and in this condition very little increase was obtained during
      gazing. No enhancement of the potential was seen when stimulation was applied to
      other thalamic structures that yielded no visual orientation. It is concluded
      that perception of contrast is improved during visual orientation and that the
      effect is due to a concomitant activation of unspecific intralaminar afferents to
      the visual cortex.

PMID- 954891
TI  - Field potentials in the olfactory bulb of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri):
      evidence for a dendrodendritic inhibitory pathway.
AB  - Field potentials have been recorded from the olfactory bulb of the teleost fish,
      Salmo gairdneri. Stimulation of the olfactory nerve generates a complex wave
      pattern, which when recorded near the surface in the centre of the bulb consists
      of one positive and three negative components, P, N1, N2 and N3. The N1 has been
      attributed to depolarization of mitral cell dendrites, N2 to depolarization of
      the superficial dendrites of granules cells, and P to subsequent
      hyperpolarization of mitral cells. Possible origins of the N3 wave are discussed.
      Spikes from single units recorded in the mitral cell layer usually occur
      superimposed on the N1 wave, and single units recorded in the region of granule
      cells are usually found coincident with the trailling edge of the deep positive
      wave. With the exception of N3 the patterns of activity observed are very similar
      to previously published results obtained from other vertebrates. It is suggested
      that the dendrodendritic inhibitory pathway proposed for the mammalian olfactory
      bulb (Rall et al., 1966; Rall and Shepherd, 1968) is common to all vertebrates.

PMID- 954892
TI  - Spontaneous activity of single neurons in the olfactory bulb of the rainbow trout
      (Salmo gairdneri) and its modulation by olfactory stimulation with amino acids.
AB  - Spontaneous action potentials recorded from 126 neurons in the olfactory bulb of
      Salmo gairdneri show a higher tendency towards bursting patterns of activity than
      those shown in previous reports about other fish. Granule cells and
      periglomerular cells are more likely to fire in bursts than mitral cells. Natural
      chemical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa with amino acid solutions produced a
      unique pattern of excitatory and inhibitory responses across all units. Chi
      square values were calculated for stimulatory effectiveness between forty-five
      pairs of odours. L-serine and L-alanine consistently showed a high  degree of
      similarity with several other odours. The converse was true for GABA and L
      histidine, although this pair had a high chi-square value when mutually compared.
      Enantiomeric pairs of amino acids were often found to have opposite stimulatory
      effects on bulbar units. These results are discussed in relation to the possible
      properties and configurations of odorant receptor sites for amino acids in the
      fish olfactory mucosa.

PMID- 954893
TI  - Maintained activity of cells in the three shrew's optic tract.
AB  - The maintained activity of different types of ganglion cells in the tree shrew's
      retina has been investigated in darkness and different adaptation luminances,
      with particular reference to on-centre sustained and transient cells. The firing
      rate of on-centre sustained cells rises with increasing luminance up to 5.10(-2)
      W/m2 (human photopic equivalent 5.10(4) cd/m2) whereas, for on-centre transient
      cells no simple relationship between luminance and activity could be found. The
      ratio of mean and standard deviation (regularity) of the interval length of
      sustained cells increases with light intensity, while in most transient cells a
      constant ratio is observed. Various kinds of interval histograms are observed for
      sustained units: exponential, gamma, bimodal and other types. Transient cells
      tend to fire in bursts with correspondent biomodal interval histograms. The first
      order serial correlation coefficient is positive for the majority of sustained
      cells and negative for most transient cells. It is argued that the final
      statistical properties of the maintained activity of retinal ganglion cells are
      mainly determined by the retinal circuitry between photoreceptors and ganglion
      cells.

PMID- 954894
TI  - Effects of frontal eye field stimulation upon activities of the lateral
      geniculate body of the cat.
AB  - Effects of electrical stimulation of the frontal eye field (FEF) upon activites
      of the lateral geniculate body (LG) were studied in encephale isole cats. In some
      experiments the effects were examined by recording field responses of the dorsal
      nucleus of LG (LGd) and the visual cortex (VC) to electrical stimulation of the
      optic chiasm (OX). Conditioning  repetitive stimulation of FEF exerted no
      significant effects on the r1 wave of LGd responses but had a facilitatory effect
      on the r2 wave. FEF-induced facilitation of VC responses was prominent in the
      late postsynaptic components. These effects had latencies of 50-100 msec and
      durations of 200-500 msec. Transection of the midbrain showed that most of the
      FEF-effect was not mediated via the brainstem reticular formation. Extracellular
      unitary recordings were made from 125 neurons, of which 91 were LGd neurons, 23
      neurons of the caudal part of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRc) and 11 neurons
      of the ventral nucleus of LG (LGv). In 30 to 87 LGd relay neurons FEF stimuli
      increased response probabilities to OX stimuli and their spontaneous discharges.
      These FEF-facilitated LGd neurons were distinguished from the non-affected ones
      in that the former had longer OX-latencies than the latter. The FEF-facilitated
      neurons probably correspond to "X" neurons of LGd. In 17 TRc neurons the effects
      were inhibitory. Their time courses were similar to those of the facilitation in
      the LGd relay neurons. Seven LGv neurons recieved facilitaroy effects from FEF.
      Among them 5 neurons showed short-latency (6.7-17 msec) responses to FEF single
      shocks. The FEF sites inducing conjugate lateral eye movements exerted stronger
      facilitatory effects than those inducing upward or centering eye movements did.
      It is suggested that the effects may subserve to cancel the inhibitory
      convergence onto X-cells just after saccadic eye movements so as to improve
      visual information transmission through LGd during the eye fixation.

PMID- 954895
TI  - Dynamic properties of excitation and two-tone inhibition in the cochlear nucleus
      studied using amplitude-modulated tones.
AB  - The dynamic properties of excitation and two-tone inhibition in the cochlear
      nucleus were studied from extracellularly recorded unit responses to two
      simultaneously presented tones. One tone was presented at the unit's
      characteristic frequency, CF, the other at the unit's best inhibitory frequency,
      BIF. One or both of the tones were amplitude-modulated with pseudorandom noise.
      The system under study is in general nonlinear, but can be considered to function
      as a linear system for small changes in sound intensity around a certain
      operating point. The dynamic properties are likely to be different at different
      operating points. A suitable method for the study of dynamic properties of such a
      system employs tones that are amplitude-modulated with pseudorandom noise. In the
      present study, the dynamic properties were assessed by cross-correlating the unit
      discharge rate with the modulation. This was accomplished by computing the cross
      covariance function between a period of noise and a period histogram of the
      discharges, the histogram being locked to the periodicity of the pseudorandom
      noise. In this way, it has been shown in previous works (Moller, 1973, 1974b),
      that the cross-covariance function is a valid approximation of the system's
      impulse response function at a certain sound intensity, provided the modulation
      is kept at a low value. In the present study the computed cross-covariance
      function is thus an approximation of the change in discharge rate of the cochlear
      nucleus units in response to a brief increase in stimulus intensity. As the
      response of the system under the given circumstances is approximately that of a
      linear system, the integrated cross-covariance is an approximation of the
      system's step response function, i.e the change in discharge rate that resulte
      from a hypothetical step increase in stimulus intensity. The results of the
      present study can be summarized as follows: 1. The impulse and step response
      functions computed from the responses to the modulated inhibitory tone of the
      great majority of units from which recording was made were found to be virtual
      mirror images of those obtained when the excitatory tone was modulated, the
      inhibitory response being somewhat smaller in amplitude than the excitatory. 2.
      When both tones were modulated simultaneously, the step response function was
      approximately the algebraic sum of the two responses obtained when the tones were
      modulated singly, further indicating that the system functions as a linear system
      when the stimulus amplitude is varied slightly around a certain operating point.
      3. The shape of the cross-covariance functions is similar for all three stimulus
      situations, but varies with stimulus intensity and is different in different
      units. 4. The implication of the results is that the inhibition studied may
      either originate from the inhibition (suppression) seen in primary fibers or it
      may be the result of a true neural inhibition in the cochlear nucleus that occurs
      without any interneurons.

PMID- 954896
TI  - Responses of cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate complex of the cat to
      textured visual stimuli.

PMID- 954897
TI  - The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. V. Does collateral activation from the
      dorsal spinocerebellar tract occur?
AB  - 1. The assertion made by Burton, Bloedel and Gregory (1971) that neurones in the
      mLRN (major portion of lateral reticular nucleus comprising its parvi- and
      magnocellular parts) receive collateral excitation from the dorsal
      spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) has been tested. The activation of mLRN neurones on
      stimulation of limb nerves was studied in preparations with the spinal cord
      interrupted at C3 sparing only the dorsal part of the ipsilateral lateral
      funiculus (iDLF preparations), only the ipsilateral ventral quadrant (iVQ
      preparations), or only the ipsilateral lateral and ventral funiculi (iLFVF
      preparations). 2. In iDLF preparations (with the DSCT intact) stimulation of limb
      nerves evoked responses in only occasional mLRN neurones. These responses could
      be attributed to activation from some dorsally located fibres belonging to the
      bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT) and to activation from a previously
      unknown path activated after a long latency from ipsilateral forelimb and
      hindlimb afferents. 3. In iLFVF preparations (with the DSCT intact) and iVQ
      preparations (with the DSCT interrupted) most mLRN neurones responsed to limb
      nerve stimulation. The responses in two preparations were similar and could be
      attributed largely or exclusively to activation from the bVFRT. 4 It is concluded
      that the DSCT does not activate any major group of mLRN neurones.

PMID- 954898
TI  - Conduction velocity groupings among axons of cat retinal ganglion cells, and
      their relationship to retinal topography.
AB  - Three unresolved issues in the conduction velocity groupings among the axons of
      cat retinal ganglion cells have been investigated. These are (i) the degree of
      separation of the velocity ranges of the axons of X-and W-type ganglion cells;
      (ii) the question whether the velocities of X-and Y-cell axons (i.e. of t1 and t2
      axons have faster velocities than contralaterally projecting axons. Evidence is
      presented that the velocity ranges of W- and X-cell axons are almost completely
      separate; that the velocities of X- and Y-cell axons are not graded with retinal
      eccentricity (except in the immediate vicinity of the area centralis) and that
      ipsilaterally projecting axons are not faster conducting that contralaterally
      projecting axons. These results provide a context for summarising present
      understanding of conduction velocity groupings among the axons of cat retinal
      ganglion cells.

PMID- 954899
TI  - Functional characterization of primary vestibular afferents in the frog.
AB  - 1. In order to more accurately identify the nature of the vestibular input to
      central neurons, the response properties of single semicircular canal and otolith
      units in the frog VIIth nerve were studied in curarized preparations. 2. An
      equation describing the response plane was calculated for each canal on the basis
      of null point measurements. These results show that the ipsilateral canal planes
      are orthogonal within 2-5 degrees, and the pairs of right-left synergists are
      essentially coplanar. A head position of 10-20 degrees maxilla nose up produces
      optimal horizontal canal and minimal vertical canal activation with horizontal
      rotation. 3. The frequency response of the horizontal canal was examined in the
      range 0.025-0.5 Hz. Comparatively shorter phase-lags and a 10 fold greater
      acceleration gain in this frequency range distinguish the frog from the mammalian
      species studied. 4. Otolithic responses were tonic, phasic-tonic, and phasic in
      nature. The preponderance of the latter two groups is stressed (94%). Tonic
      responses were proportional to the gravitational vector change. Phasic responses
      were proportional to velocity during transitions in head position and phase-led
      displacement (30-80%) with sinusoidal acceleration in roll and pitch. 5. Efferent
      vestibular neurons respond to rotation in the horizontal (usually Type III) as
      well as vertical planes. Responses in the vertical planes result from canal
      and/or otolithic input to these neurons indicating that the vestibular efferent
      system receives extensive multi-labyrinthine convergence.

PMID- 954900
TI  - The in vivo inactivation of GABA and other inhibitory amino acids in the cat
      nervous system.
AB  - In cats anaesthetised with pentobarbitone, the effect of inhibitors of the in
      vitro cellular uptake of GABA were tested on the responses of single central
      neurones to GABA and other depressant amino acids. (4)- AND (-)-nepecotic acid,
      (4)-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA) and 2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine, enhanced the
      action of GABA on spinal, cerebellar and cerebral cortical neurones. In the
      spinal cord DABA, and to a less estent (-)-nipecotic acid, enhanced the action of
      beta-alanine, whereas the actions of glycine and taurine were unaffected by DABA
      and reduced by (-)-nipecotic acid. In the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, these
      two substances enhanced the action of GABA, usually to a greater extent than that
      of beta-alanine and taurine, although this specificity was not marked. The GABA
      mediated basket cell inhibition of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum was
      unaffected by DABA and (-)-nipecotic acid, and neither substance appears suitable
      for determining the role of uptake processes in the inactivation of synapitcally
      released GABA. Quantitatively these in vivo results agree more closely with
      recent vitro uptake studies in cat tissue than the previously published data on
      rat cerebral cortex and dorsal root ganglia, and the observations provide further
      evidence for the importance of cellular uptake in maintaining low extraneuronal
      concentrations of inhibitory amino acid transmitters.

PMID- 954901
TI  - Calcium uptake in preterminal central synapses: importance of mitochondria.
AB  - Energy dependent 45Ca2+ uptake in the synaptosomal preparation from guinea pig
      cortex has been investigated. 45Ca2+ uptake was stimulated by ATP, the absolute
      value of uptake being dependent on the extent of synaptosomal disruption caused
      by osmotic shock. A quantitative comparison of microsomal and mitochondrial ATP
      dependent 45Ca2+ uptake showed that only mitochondria had a large enough capacity
      to account for the Ca uptake levels observed in the synaptosomal preparation. ATP
      stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria, 'intact' and 'shocked' synaptosomes was
      inhibited by atractyloside, DNP, oligomycin and ruthenium red but unaffected by
      antimycin A and rotenone. This was interpreted as evidence that mitochondria were
      responsible for ATP-dependent synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake, the increase in uptake
      seen on osmotic lysis being due to the deocclusion of intraterminal mitochondria.
      Synaptosomal and mitochondrial 45Ca2+ uptake was also stimulated by the
      mitochondrial respiratory substrate glutamate; this uptake was sensitive to
      antimycin A, DNP, rotenone and ruthenium red but insensitive to atractyloside or
      oligomycin thus indicating it was of mitochondrial origin. No change in glutamate
      dependent 45Ca2+ uptake was seen on osmotic lysis of the synaptosomes as the
      expected increase due to the release of occluded mitochondria was counterbalanced
      by the damaging effect of hypo-osmotic shock on the glutamate-stimulated 45Ca2+
      uptake process.

PMID- 954902
TI  - Effects of morphine sulfate on medical bulboreticular response to peripherally
      applied noxious stimuli.

PMID- 954903
TI  - Ipsiversive rotation elicited by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalon in
      the rat: anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological considerations.

PMID- 954904
TI  - Photically evoked responses from the visual cortex of rats reared under
      continuous illumination.

PMID- 954905
TI  - Rotation produced by eletrolytic lesions of the superior cerebellar preduncle in
      rats modifying other forms of circling behavior.

PMID- 954906
TI  - Variability in spinal reflexes: a correlation with spontaneous slow wave activity
      in cat spinal cord.

PMID- 954907
TI  - Impairment of optokinetic (after-)nystagmus by labyrinthectomy in the rabbit.

PMID- 954908
TI  - Brain damage and reorganization of function in old age.

PMID- 954909
TI  - Primary afferent depolarization evoked by electroacupuncture in the lumbar cord
      of the cat.

PMID- 954910
TI  - Electroencephalographic and biochemical study of the antiepileptic action of
      taurine administered by cortical superfusion.

PMID- 954911
TI  - Triethyllead-restrained myelin deposition and protein synthesis in the developing
      rat forebrain.

PMID- 954912
TI  - Efferent fibers in the cervical sympathetic nerve influenced by light.

PMID- 954913
TI  - Influence of frequency and duration of firing on the shape of potentials from
      different types of motor units in human muscles.

PMID- 954914
TI  - Cell grouping and Golgi architecture of the hypoglossal nucleus of the rat.

PMID- 954915
TI  - Descending projections to specific regions of cat cochlear nucleus: a light
      microscopic study.

PMID- 954916
TI  - A quantitative study of muscle fiber survival and regeneration in normal,
      predenervated, and Marcaine-treated free muscle grafts in the rat.

PMID- 954917
TI  - Vascular patterns of the rat hippocampal formation.

PMID- 954918
TI  - Opening of the blood-brain barrier by acute hypertension.

PMID- 954919
TI  - The immediate shift of afferent drive to dorsal column nucleus cells following
      deafferentation: a comparison of acute and chronic deafferentation in gracile
      nucleus and spinal cord.

PMID- 954920
TI  - The fate and functional capacity of neontal neurons in allografts of ganglia in
      normal and immunologically tolerant rats.

PMID- 954921
TI  - Effects of triiodothyronine on protein synthesis in regerating peripheral
      neurons.

PMID- 954922
TI  - Pain in psychotic patients.

PMID- 954923
TI  - Functional properties of muscle transplanted between normal and dystrophic mice.

PMID- 954924
TI  - The neural induction of taste buds in the salivary ducts of the lingual gland of
      von Ebner.

PMID- 954925
TI  - Substituent effects on the algicidal activity of phenyl thiolacetates.

PMID- 954926
TI  - Interaction of foreign compounds with hemiproteins and isolated ferriprotoheme.

PMID- 954927
TI  - Structure-toxicity relationships.

PMID- 954928
TI  - Interdependence of various types of pharmacological activity in case of some 4H
      pyrido (1, 2a) pyrimidine derivatives.

PMID- 954929
TI  - Structural dependence of epileptogenic action of penicillins.

PMID- 954930
TI  - Chemical structure-biological activity relationships in the phenoxyacetic acid
      series.

PMID- 954931
TI  - Correlation between pharmacological activity indices and quantum chemical indices
      of some phenylethylamine derivatives.

PMID- 954932
TI  - Correlation between electronic indices from molecular orbital calculations and
      antiradiation activity of thiazolidines.

PMID- 954933
TI  - CNDO/2 study of the conformational properties of the tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 954934
TI  - Theoretical studies of thyroid hormone analogs.

PMID- 954935
TI  - A semi-empirical study of the structural effects of ionic defect formation in a
      model alpha-helical system.

PMID- 954936
TI  - Ab initio molecular orbital studies in quantum biology. Electronic
      characteristics of indole and benzofuran.

PMID- 954937
TI  - Calculations of Henry constants and partition coefficients using quantum chemical
      approach.

PMID- 954938
TI  - Relationships among activity coefficients, partition coefficients and
      solubilities.

PMID- 954939
TI  - Binding of small molecules to Sephadex G-10 as a model surface. Correlations with
      extrathermodynamic parameters.

PMID- 954940
TI  - On the parabolic relationship between biological activity and hydrophobicity of
      drugs: transport or protein binding?

PMID- 954941
TI  - Quantitation of chemical and biological effects in steroids by Hansch-type and
      molecular orbital calculations.

PMID- 954942
TI  - In vitro dissolution rate as a parameter in structure-activity studies.

PMID- 954943
TI  - Substructural analysis in drug design.

PMID- 954944
TI  - Structure-activity relationships in a series of cinnamic acids in the stabilizing
      action on erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 954945
TI  - Relationship between RM values from paper chromatography and partition
      coefficients of dissociable compounds.

PMID- 954946
TI  - The influence of lipophilicity on the antibacterial activity of rifamycins.

PMID- 954947
TI  - Hansch analysis in a series of substances with antifungal activity.

PMID- 954948
TI  - Lipophilicity of isothiocyanates as a criterion of their antimicrobial spectrum.

PMID- 954949
TI  - The prediction of new biologically active compounds using physicochemical
      properties-activity relations.

PMID- 954951
TI  - Some comments on possible types of analogy models in the study of relations
      between chemical structure and biological activity.

PMID- 954950
TI  - Use of structure-activity relationships to estimate toxicity of inorganic
      cations.

PMID- 954952
TI  - Correlation between physico-chemical properties of chemical compounds and indices
      of their toxic action: use for prediction.

PMID- 954953
TI  - New trends in lymphology. Introduction.

PMID- 954954
TI  - Chronic experimental lymphedema of the extremities pathological changes.

PMID- 954955
TI  - Pathology of lymphoedema.

PMID- 954956
TI  - Hepatic and cerebral coenzyme A contents after intravenous injection of coenzyme
      A in rats.
AB  - Hepatic CoA concentrations and contents were significantly higher in rats having
      received i.v. CoA injections that in control rats. Maximum hepatic CoA
      concentrations were found 0.5-1 h after injection. In rat brain, no increase in
      CoA concentration was detected after i.v. injection of CoA.

PMID- 954957
TI  - [Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase - reference values in young people and
      effects of protein diet (author's transl)].
AB  - In 260 normal students, 20-25 years old, the variation in the activities of serum
      alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes with sex, ABO blood groups, and protein
      intake were studied. The values are on the whole higher in males than in females.
      The activity of the intestinal isoenzyme was higher in subjects taking protein
      rich diet than in those taking protein poor diet.

PMID- 954958
TI  - Cholesterol esterification activities in the intestines and pancreas of the
      albino rat.
AB  - Cholesterol esterification activities in intestines and pancreas are much greater
      with unsaturated fatty acids than with the saturated ones; the maximum activity
      is with arachidonic acid in intestines and with oleic acid in pancreas. The
      pancreatic cholesterol esterification activity is higher than the intestinal one.

PMID- 954959
TI  - Lipolytic response of "diabetic" mice (db/db) to isoproterenol and propranolol in
      vivo.
AB  - The genetically diabetic and obese db/db mice responded lipolytically to
      isoproterenol and propranolol similarly to normal mice in vivo. However,
      considering the large amount of triglyceride in a db/db mouse, we conclude that
      the in vivo response of db/db adipose tissue is deficient in magnitude.

PMID- 954960
TI  - Determination and statistical comparisons of Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters.

PMID- 954961
TI  - The effects of various agents in vitro on homocarnosine-carnosine synthetase from
      rat brain.
AB  - The present paper reports the first evidence that homocarnosine-carnosine
      synthetase from rat brain requires free sulfhydryl groups for activity. The
      activity of the synthetase can be stabilized by dithioerythritol and inhibited
      strongly by Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, and to a lesser extent by Ca2+, Ni2+, Li,
      chlorpromazine, alpha-methyl DOPA and norepinephrine at the concentrations
      tested.

PMID- 954962
TI  - Effects of pre- and simultaneous treatment with urea on the induction of
      chromatid aberrations in Vicia faba.
AB  - Pre- and simultaneous treatments of Vicia faba root tip meristems with urea and
      ethyl alcohol, mitomycin C, maleic hydrazide, 3H-thymidine and X-rays,
      respectively, were found to result in mutagen-specific changes of the spectrum
      and yield of induced chromatid aberrations.

PMID- 954963
TI  - Nuclear projections in tumour cells and large chromosome markers.
AB  - The application of banding techniques on cytological smears from pleural effusion
      in a case of histiocytic sarcoma has provided direct evidence for correspondence
      between nuclear projections in tumour cells and extra large chromosome markers
      observed in the neoplastic karyotype obtained by direct preparations.

PMID- 954964
TI  - Genetic variation in constant environments.
AB  - Allozymic variation in proteins encoded by 32 gene loci was analyzed
      electrophoretically in 64 specimens from 6 localities representing 2 species of
      the spadefoot toads Pelobates syriacus and P. cultripes from Israel and Portugal,
      respectively. Out of the 32 loci examined, Esterase-1 was the only locus that
      proved strongly polymorphic in all 6 localities and in the 2 species. The pattern
      of genetic variation in Pelobates is best explained by the environmental
      variability model. Selection for homozygosity as an adaptive strategy seems to
      operate in the relatively constant and narrow subterranean niche.

PMID- 954965
TI  - The behavior of alloxan in the Hill reaction.
AB  - Hill activity induced by alloxan is characterized by non-stoichiometric oxygen
      evolution and cyclic electron flow due to autoxidation of dialuric acid and
      alloxantin, the reduction products of alloxan.

PMID- 954966
TI  - Poly(A) associated RNA from mitochondria and microsomes of rat brain.
AB  - Rat brain mitochondria contain a significant proportion of poly(A) associated RNA
      which is higher than that found in microsomes from the same source. When steady
      state poly(A) RNA of brain mitochondria was analyzed by microelectrophoresis, it
      displayed a characteristic separation pattern with a large amount of "free"
      poly(A).

PMID- 954967
TI  - Spontaneous thermoregulatory oscillations in cutaneous efferent sympathetic
      activity.
AB  - Patterns of changes in cutaneous efferent sympathetic activity which have
      previously been shown to occur during experimental manipulation of the
      temperature of various thermosensitive body sites, have now been shown to
      accompany spontaneous thermoregulatory activity. That is, under thermoneural
      conditions, concurrent spontaneous oscillations in skin blood flow and efferent
      sympathetic activity were observed.

PMID- 954968
TI  - Dietary linoleic acid and lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue.

PMID- 954969
TI  - The time course of plasma enzyme changes accompanying skeletal muscle
      stimulation.
AB  - 30 min electrical stimulation of hind limb skeletal muscle in nembutal
      anaesthetised dogs was accompanied by increases in arterial haematocrit, plasma
      GOT and plasma LDH, which were almost completed within the first 10 min of
      stimulation. This fast response indicated that a rapid change in either the entry
      and/or clearance of enzyme from the plasma must have occurred.

PMID- 954970
TI  - On the role of the decreased renal vascular resistance in the mechanism of volume
      natriuresis.
AB  - Acute hypophysectomy (AH) prevented the increase of the cardiac output, renal
      cortical blood flow (e.g. the decrease of the renal vascular resistance) and
      renal sodium excretion during the ECFV expansion. The non-occurrence of
      natriuresis in AH rats is suggested as being partly in causal relation to the
      inability to decrease the renal vascular resistance and thus to increase the
      peritubular hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 954971
TI  - A presynaptic effect of whole venom of Dendroaspis jamesoni on the hemidiaphragm
      of rat.
AB  - Dendroaspis jamesoni venom in a dose of 12.5 mug/ml restricts the uptake of Ca+
      leading to inhibition of release of Ach from the motor nerve terminals of the
      hemidiaphragms of rats.

PMID- 954972
TI  - The influence of salt intake on glomerular count in compensatory kidney
      hypertrophy in rats of different ages.
AB  - Drinking saline instead of water elevated the glomerular count in hypertrophied
      kidneys of rats uninephrectomized as adults. No changes occurred in glomerular
      concentration in kidney tissue indicating a more marked increase of other kidney
      structures. This procedure was ineffective in immature animals.

PMID- 954973
TI  - Age-dependent increase of thermal stability of in situ chromatin of rat liver and
      its reversal after hepatectomy.

PMID- 954974
TI  - Exocrine pancreatic enzymes in cycloheximide treated rats.
AB  - Cycloheximide, even in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg administered s.c. to rats stimulated
      by pancreozymin and secretin, inhibited lipase activity in pancreatic juice.
      Lipase activity in serum of control animals was inhibited by cycloheximide. The
      secretion of trypsin and chymotrypsin was also decreased.

PMID- 954975
TI  - [3H]-Noncocaine and [3H]-pseudococaine: effect of N-demethylation and C2
      epimerization of cocaine on its pharmacokinetics in the rat.
AB  - After i.v. injections of cocaine, norcocaine, pseudococaine to the rat, the T 1/2
      in brain were 0.4, 0.6, 0.2 h respectively and in plasma 0.4, 0.5, 0.2 h
      respectively. Benzoylnorecgonine and norecgonine were the metabolites of
      norcocaine in brain. Pseudonorcocaine, pseudobenzoylnorecgonine,
      pseudobenzoylecgonine and pseudoecgonine were the metabolites of pseudococaine in
      rat brain. Benzolynorecgonine and pseudobenzoylecgonine had potent stimulant
      activity intracisternally in the rats.

PMID- 954976
TI  - On the mechanism of pyrogenic action of ricin.
AB  - The incubation of rabbit white blood cells with ricin, the toxic protein of
      castor oil seeds, leads to the production of endogenous pyrogens. This induction
      can be inhibited by the antibiotics actinomycin D or cycloheximide. The results
      are discussed in terms of disturbed corticosteroid- and Mg2+-levels.

PMID- 954977
TI  - Monamines in brain and urine of rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes
      insipidus.
AB  - Monoamine levels in brain and urine of homozygous and heterozygous diabetes
      insipidus (DI) rats (Brattleboro strain) were assessed. Homozygous DI rats had a
      higher whole brain content of serotonin than their heterozygous littermates.
      However, when corrected for differences in brain weight, homozygous DI also
      appeared to have higher brain concentrations of noradrenaline, tyrosine and GABA.
      The total 24 h excretion of all amines and their precursors was greater in the
      homozygous than in the heterozygous rats.

PMID- 954978
TI  - Inhibition of high affinity uptake of GABA by branched fatty acids.
AB  - Several branched fatty acids including an antiepileptic agent nDPA were tested as
      potential inhibitors of high affinity uptake of GABA by brain slices and
      synaptosomes. Only three compounds (2-butyl-3-propylhexanoic acid, 5
      propyloctanoic acid, 2-propylpenten-2-oic acid) were found to be relatively weak
      inhibitors of the uptake system. There was no correlation between anticonvulsant
      properties of the branched fatty acids and their potencies as inhibitors of high
      affinity uptake of GABA.

PMID- 954979
TI  - The electrophysiological effects of ionophore X-537A on cardiac purkinje fibres.
AB  - Using classical microelectrode techniques in canine cardiac Purkinje fibres,
      calcium ionophore X-537A was shown to shorten the action potential,
      hyperpolarizing the membrane and lowering the plateau, suggesting that
      intracellular calcium controls membrane permeability to potassium in this
      preparation.

PMID- 954980
TI  - Ultrastructural study of binucleation in cells of the rat adrenal glomerular zone
      after a prolonged low-sodium diet.
AB  - Binucleate cells have been found in the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex in
      rats subjected to low-sodium diets. By considering the various possibilities for
      their production, both the findings of nuclei in process of constriction and
      nuclei identical in form, confronted and smaller in size than those of neighbour
      cells, are in agreement with an amitotic nuclear division as the possible
      mechanism for the formation of these cells.

PMID- 954981
TI  - Mitostatic action of 4,6-dimethyl-2-amino-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-pyrimidine on
      mammalian cells.

PMID- 954982
TI  - Epidermal growth factor enhancement of skin tumor induction in mice.
AB  - Subcutaneous injection of epidermal growth factor 1. significantly shortened the
      latency period for the appearance of methylcholanthrene induced skin tumors and
      2. increased the average number of papillomas elicited per mouse in both the
      Swiss Webster and C3HeB/FeJ strains.

PMID- 954983
TI  - Calcium and magnesium deficiency-induced atrophy of muscle and calcium
      accumulation in the spinal cord.
AB  - After severe dietary calcium-magnesium deficiency in rats, succinic dehydrogenase
      and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity of gastrocnemius muscle showed a
      neurogenic atrophy. This alteration was associated with a high concentration of
      calcium in the spinal cord.

PMID- 954984
TI  - Sister chromatid differential staining pattern in prematurely condensed
      chromosomes.
AB  - Application of sister chromatid differential (SCD) procedure on G1, S and G2
      prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) of cells in the second and third cycle of
      DNA replication in medium containing BrdU reveals differential staining patterns
      characteristic of their respective stages in the cell cycle. These findings also
      suggest a structural similarity between PCC and metaphase chromosomes.

PMID- 954985
TI  - Chemical modification of genetic damage from continuous irradiation in mice.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that Adeturon (S-2-aminoethyl-iso-thiuronium adenosine
      triphosphate) showed a marked protective effect against translocations induction
      in mice germ cells after chronic gamma-or neutron-irradiation.

PMID- 954986
TI  - Unstable L-forms of micrococci in human foetal blood.
AB  - In human foetal blood the presence of Micrococcaceae in the unstable L-form,
      probably taking origin from the placental transmission of minimal reproductive
      units, has been recognized by means of microscopic and cultural methods.

PMID- 954987
TI  - High levels of free fatty acids and their esters in lymphoid cells resistant to
      cortisone or cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The lymphoid cells from thymus, spleen or mesenteric lymph node of mice treated
      with hydrocortisone or cyclophosphamide contained the significantly high levels
      of free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters as compared to the
      corresponding cells from untreated animals.

PMID- 954988
TI  - Distribution of the A blood-group activity in porcine serum.
AB  - The A blood-group activity of pig serum is bound to a lipid, in some cases also
      to a nonlipid fraction. The major lipidic A activity (roughly 50%) is carried
      with the HDL class, while the VLDL and LDL classes contain roughly 25% each.

PMID- 954989
TI  - Stimulative effect of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on methemoglobin reduction by
      ascorbic acid.

PMID- 954990
TI  - The effect of renal hydrodynamics on immune complex deposition.
AB  - The role of renal hydrodynamics on renal deposition of immune complexes was
      evaluated in acute serum sickness. Using i.v. radiolabelled antigen in rabbits
      under a variety of hydrodynamic alterations, these studies suggested that
      although intrarenal hydrodynamics influence renal deposition of immune complexes
      factors other than intrarenal hydrostatic pressure may be important.

PMID- 954991
TI  - Subcellular steroid distribution in the rat adrenal cortex.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of main steroids (pregnenolone, progesterone,
      corticosterone) and of cholesterol -- this last after correction according to
      exchanges occuring during differential centrifugation -- is presented in the rat
      adrenal cortex. The distribution patterns are not necessarily the same as
      established according to the localization of hydroxylating enzymes.

PMID- 954992
TI  - Biosynthesis of alpha- and beta-ecdysone by the crayfish Orconectes limosus in
      vivo and by its Y-organs in vitro.

PMID- 954993
TI  - Effects of thyroxine and exercise on the glandular and plasma levels of
      corticosterone in the male rat.
AB  - The results presented here demonstrates that the thyroid gland is essential for
      normal corticosterone production. They further show that exercise stimulates this
      production whether the thyroid gland is present or not. The release or metabolism
      of corticosterone seems dependent upon an intact thyroid gland since plasma
      levels of corticosterone are decreased during exercise if the thyroid is absent.
      The administration of thyroxine is not sufficient to renew these levels.

PMID- 954994
TI  - Testosterone in human saliva.
AB  - Testosterone has been detected in whole human saliva. Levels averaged (+/- SE)
      295 +/- 36 and 195 +/- 25 pg/ml in adult males and females, respectively, and
      usually were undetectable in children. In adult males, the excretion of
      testosterone in saliva appeared to follow a circadian rhythm.

PMID- 954995
TI  - Monoamine oxidase localization in the ependyma and infundibular recess in the
      catfish Clarias batrachus and its probable significance.
AB  - The presence of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and MAO
      positive tracts bridging the CSF and the subependyma strongly suggest the
      involvement of CSF in the neuroendocrine control of hypophysial function.

PMID- 954996
TI  - Circadian variation of serum testosterone in the adult male rat with a late
      morning acrophase.

PMID- 954997
TI  - Gastric acid secretory responses of acute gastric fistula preparation in
      anesthetized young chickens.

PMID- 954998
TI  - New karyological data of Rhinoderma: the chromosomes of Rhinoderma rufum.
AB  - The chromosomes of the Chilean frog Rhinoderma rufum are described for the first
      time. This chromosome set is compared with the karyotype of R. darwinii. The
      importance of the karyological data applied to the phylogeny and systematics of
      this genus are discussed. A tentative hypothesis of karyological evolution of
      Rhinoderma is given.

PMID- 954999
TI  - Thermodynamic aspects of development for Tenebrio molitor L.
AB  - Predictions of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes are tested for the
      development and aging of an insect. Specific heat production and specific
      respiration rate decrease towards a steady state with deviations for the time of
      hatching of the imago.

PMID- 955000
TI  - Growth and development of the American bollworm Heliothis armigera Hubn. under
      laboratory mass rearing conditions.
AB  - A kidney bean meal diet was the most satisfactory laboratory diet for the larvae
      of the American bollworm Heliothis armigera Hubn. Optimum rates of survival
      (63.5%) occurred and the larval growth was better than that of larvae reared on
      castor oil plant leaves. The pupal weight and the fecundity of the resulting
      adults were also much better than those on the control host plant.

PMID- 955001
TI  - Electric organ discharges of the weakly electric fish Gymnarchus niloticus
      (Mormyriformes) in its natural habitat.
AB  - Electric organ discharges (EODs) of Gymnarchus niloticus in its natural habitat
      (Chari River, Chad Basin) and accompanying ecological data (pH, conductivity,
      temperature, turbidity, O2 dissolved) were recorded. The EOD frequencies ranged
      from 204 to 313 Hz (day) and 196-326 Hz (night). In social swimming the range of
      interfish EOD frequency differences was from 4 to 82 Hz. The EOD frequency seems
      to decrease with the age of the fish.

PMID- 955002
TI  - Primary nucleolus and amphinucleoli in the oocytes of Patella coerulea L. (Moll.
      Gast.).
AB  - Electron microscope observations show in the primary nucleolus some granulations
      with dimensions less 70 A than those of the amphinucleoli (90 A). Even though the
      primary nucleolus has a high RNA content, this has not a very active turnover
      except at the periphery, probably in relation to the emission of 'daughter
      nucleoli'. The amphinucleoli, even though they do not have RNA which is
      cytochemically discloseable, possess, however, RNA at a very high rate of
      turnover.

PMID- 955003
TI  - The accessory salivary gland as the source of water in the saliva of Hemiptera:
      Heteroptera.

PMID- 955004
TI  - Relation of efferent impulse activity in splenic nerve to reflexly induced
      reactions of resistance and capacitance vessels to spleen.
AB  - Constrictory responses of splenic resistance vessels arising under pressor
      reflexes were abolished by hexonium (2 mg/kg) as well as the high amplitude
      (above 15 muV) impulses in sympathetic splenic nerves. Constrictory and dilatory
      responses of splenic capacitance vessels were preserved after administration of
      the same dose of hexonium and correlated as to the directivity with the changes
      of the low amplitude (15 muV and lower) impulsation in the splenic nerve.

PMID- 955005
TI  - 'Binding' of glutamate and asparatate to synaptosomal fractions of six regions of
      the feline brain.
AB  - The order of potency of 'binding' of both glutamate and aspartate to synaptosomal
      fractions of brain regions was: cerebellar cortex greater than caudate nucleus
      greater than or equal to cerebral cortex greater than medulla approximately pons
      greater than corona radiata. Glutamate was bound to a greater extent than
      aspartate to particles of all regions studied, except for cerebral cortex.

PMID- 955006
TI  - Deficiency in renomedullary prostaglandin synthesis related to the evolution of
      essential hypertension.
AB  - Continued PG synthesis in the early stages of essential hypertension might
      reflect an activation of the renal antihypertensive function in respect to
      neurogenic and/or hormonal pression stimuli, subsequently a deficiency of renal
      PG synthesis related to irreversible changes with the kidney would lead to the
      prepoderance of a pressure mechanism, resulting to a further increase of blood
      pressure.

PMID- 955007
TI  - Lower limit of cerebral autoregulation in normotensive and spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 955008
TI  - Carotid back pressure following bilateral carotid occlusion in normotensive and
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PMID- 955009
TI  - The Fusus coli of the rabbit as a pacemaker area.
AB  - Section of the rabbit's proximal colon orad to the fusus coli resulted in a
      marked reduction in both slow-wave frequency and differentiation of the two kinds
      of faeces produced. This indicates the existence of a pacemaker area and a
      mechanical role for the reversed oral-aboral gradient of the proximal colon.

PMID- 955010
TI  - High altitude influence on the level and turn-over time of cardiac norepinephrine
      in rats.
AB  - In rats exposed to an altitude of 2,900 meters the level of endogenous cardiac
      norepinephrine decreases after the 5th day of exposure. The turner-over time of
      the amine proceeds in 3 steps which are probably related to periods of stress and
      adaptation: initial increase, important decrease from the 5th day and return to a
      normal value from the 12th day.

PMID- 955011
TI  - A new quinoline-carbamate aphicide.
AB  - We found that it was nearly impossible to apply the quinoline-carbamate aphicide
      per os by means of synthetic diets, owing to its high feeding-deterrent-effect.
      After application via the roots of the host plant, this systemic compound is
      deposited on the leaf surface. The results suggest that the toxic effect is not
      the result of the oral uptake of phloem sap, but of the tarsal contact with the
      toxicant. Sensitivity of aphids to this compound and LD50-values were determined
      after topical applications.

PMID- 955012
TI  - A new N-glucuronide metabolite of carbamazepine.

PMID- 955013
TI  - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and experimental atherosclerosis in rats.
AB  - In rats 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid effectively counteracts the lipemic and
      atherosclerotic response of massive doses of vitamin D2. It regressed the
      formation of atheromatous arterial lesions. Furthermore the significant decrease
      in serum beta-lipoprotein levels on HMG treatment could be due to decrease in
      VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol levels.

PMID- 955014
TI  - Effect of acetylcholine on melanophores of Rana tigrina.
AB  - Acetylcholine produced melanin aggregation and blanching of skin colour in Rana
      tigrina, the common Indian frog. The effects were more prolonged in frogs
      pretreated with an anticholinesterase agent. Acetylcholine effects were not
      antagonized by either m-cholinolytic (atropine) or n-cholinolytic (pentolinium)
      agents, but were markedly inhibited by procaine. The results have been discussed
      in the light of the well-known membrane-stabilizing effect of procaine.

PMID- 955015
TI  - Action of stannous and stannic chlorides on bacteria.
AB  - Stannous or stannic chlorides reduced the growth rate of K. aerogenes, Ps.
      reptilovora and an unidentified bacterium in a minimal liquid medium and on agar
      plates. The greatest effect was observed with K. aerogenes and was accompanied by
      a decreased viability, but 100% survival occurred with other strains. The metal
      was loosely bound to the cells and there was no direct correlation between the
      amount adsorbed and the biological response.

PMID- 955016
TI  - Nerves and muscles regulating feather follicle movements in the chicken.
AB  - It was found that most feather follicles posses more than a single muscle system
      but only single nerve endings were observed in a feather follicle. It seems that
      muscles exist which antagonize each other. Anastomoses of nerves originating from
      different sources and flowing of mixed nerves into the feather follicle could
      explain the antagonistic action of the muscles on the feather follicle.

PMID- 955017
TI  - DNA-mediated transformation in the platyfish-swordtail melanoma system.
AB  - A genetic marker, the tumor gene Tu, which causes the formation of abnormal
      melanophores, the T-melanophores, in the skin of Xiphophorine fish has been
      transferred by donor DNA from a Tu genotype to recipient embryos lacking Tu.
      Abnormal melanophores which are identical to the T-melanophores of the donor
      genotype occurred only in recipients treated with Tu-DNA and not in those treated
      with Tu-free control DNA.

PMID- 955018
TI  - Reappearance in vivo of neuraminidase-sensitive sialic acid in L 5222 rat
      leukemia cells.
AB  - Cell electrophoretic data and quantitative sialic acid determination show that,
      16 to 20 h after i.p. implantation of neuraminidase-treated L 5222 rat leukemia
      cells, the original sialic acid content at the cell periphery is reconstituted.

PMID- 955019
TI  - Further studies on neural tube defects caused by concanavalin A in early chick
      embryos.

PMID- 955020
TI  - Extravesicular noradrenaline in developing peripheral adrenergic nerves.
AB  - Using a fluorescence technique numerous developing noradrenergic nerve terminals
      were observed in the muscle coat of the rat ductus deferens between 2 and 6 days
      postpartum. In the electron microscope similar developing nerve terminals
      possessed an extensive system of tubular endoplasmic reticulum but did not
      contain the small dense cored vesicles characteristic of mature noradrenergic
      nerve terminals. Thus the tubular reticulum is proposed as an alternative storage
      site for noradrenaline in developing adrenergic nerves.

PMID- 955021
TI  - Plating efficiency of mouse embryo cells as a function of gestational age.
AB  - Mouse embryo cells can be plated directly from single-cell suspensions of fresh
      embryos. For randomly bred Swiss mice, there is an increase in plating efficiency
      as a function of gestational age. Colony-forming units appear at about day 10 and
      there is an exponential increase in colony-forming ability up to day 16, after
      which there is no further increase.

PMID- 955022
TI  - Kinetics of DNA repair synthesis in guinea-pig pancreatic slices following in
      vitro exposure to N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane.
AB  - In vitro exposure of guinea-pig pancreatic slices to NMUT resulted in an increase
      in hydroxyurea-insensitive 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA; this represents DNA
      repair synthesis following NMUT-induced DNA damage. The kinetics of this
      hydroxyurea-insensitive 3H-TdR incorporation suggest that the NMUT-induced DNA
      damage is largely repaired within 2 hours.

PMID- 955023
TI  - Unusual elevation of IgE levels during childhood.

PMID- 955024
TI  - Peripheral sympathetic innervation of the deep pineal gland of the golden
      hamster.
AB  - Both the superficial and deep pineal components of the intact hamster contain a
      rich network of green to yellow-green fluorescent nerve fibres. After either
      superior cervical ganglionectomy or after transection of the nervi conarii the
      majority of the fluorescing fibres disappeared from both the superficial and deep
      pineal masses. Although the deep pineal remained intact after surgical removal of
      the superficial pineal, it was devoid of any green or yellow-green fluorescent
      fibres.

PMID- 955025
TI  - [Development of the rudimentary prostates of Ellobius lutescens (Microtinae) in
      organ culture; effects of androgens (author's transl)].
AB  - The structure of the rudimentary prostates of Ellobius lutescens is maintained
      intact after 6 days of organotypic culture in the absence of male hormones.
      Comparison with controls even shows a noticeable increase in the size of the
      epithelial cells. Adding male hormones to the culture medium does not modify the
      morphology of adult prostates, while it induces a sharp stimulation of immature
      prostates. In accordance with our previous results, these experiments show that
      the prostates of Ellobius lutescens lose their sensivity to androgens after
      puberty.

PMID- 955026
TI  - 'Passive' thinking, a hypothesis.

PMID- 955027
TI  - Large scale cultivation of a free-living nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans).
AB  - A method is presented for the large scale cultivation of the free-living nematode
      Caenorhabditis elegans, using continuous aeration and agitation in glass ware
      (stirrer flasks) developed for the continuous culture of suspended cells. With
      this technique, populations up to 10(9) nematodes may be obtained in a 10 1
      culture in less than 6 weeks with an inoculum of some 50 worms. Costs can be
      reduced by using an inexpensive yeast extract, available from the food industry.

PMID- 955028
TI  - Continuous labelling method for autoradiographic analysis of cell cycle
      parameters in steady state cell systems.
AB  - Under certain conditions, continuous availability of 3H-thymidine in steady-state
      cell systems results in a linear increase of the fraction of labelled cells, the
      equation of which can be used to determine cell cycle parameters of the system
      investigated.

PMID- 955029
TI  - Synthetic simulation of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis. A dual role of
      alkylthiol esters in peptide synthesis.

PMID- 955030
TI  - Phaeomelanic pigments from a human melanoma.
AB  - The pigments in melanomas from 2 patients were studied with regard to solubility
      and chemical composition. Melanoma pigment from a patient with red-blonde hair
      was alkali-soluble and contained 9 or 10% sulfur and was thus of phaeomelanic
      type. Melanoma pigment from a patient with red-brown hair was insoluble in 0.2 N
      NaOH. Its sulfur content was 6%. This pigment was eumelanic with regard to
      solubility characteristics but the sulfur content was higher than previously
      observed for eumelanin.

PMID- 955031
TI  - Resistance of purified cholera toxin to enzymatic treatment with pancreatic
      elastase and papain.
AB  - Treatment of Cholera toxin with pancreatic elastase and papain in vitro showed a
      high resistance of the toxin molecule to these enzymes, under non-denaturing
      conditions or in the presence of 2 M urea. These experiments support the
      hypothesis of a particularly stable molecular structure of the toxin, as an
      explanation of its activity in the intestinal lumen where the pancreatic
      proteases are active.

PMID- 955032
TI  - Genotype dependence of monoamine oxidase in inbred strains of mice.
AB  - MAO activity was found to be influenced by the genotype or strain of mouse up to
      20 days of age. The strain differences observed may derive from different rates
      of brain development. A number of neurological mutations comprizing three
      pathological classes had no effect on MAO.

PMID- 955033
TI  - Serum enzyme activities in the African elephant (loxodonta africana).
AB  - The serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase,
      alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase have been measured
      in the African elephant. In general, the values were broadly comparable with
      those of man except that alanine aminotransferase was much lower and creatine
      phosphokinase higher. No variation due to age, sex, season or location was
      observed.

PMID- 955034
TI  - Labile protein-methyl ester: comparison between chemically and enzymatically
      synthesized.
AB  - The rate of hydrolysis of protein-methyl ester, the enzymatic product of S
      adenosylmethionine: protein-carboxyl methyltransferase (EC.2.1.1.24) acting on
      oxidized ribonuclease, was measured at pH 7.1 and 8.6 at 37 degrees C. The half
      life of the hydrolysis of the ester is 25 min at pH 7.1, and 4 min at 8.6. The
      rate of hydrolysis of the enzymatically formed esters at pH 7.0, in 0.1 M
      phosphate buffer, was about 25 times faster than that of esters formed chemically
      by reaction with methanol in HCl. The lability of the enzymatically synthesized
      protein-methyl ester suggests that the esterification is specific to sites such
      that ionization of neighboring amino acid side chains enhances the rate of the
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 955035
TI  - Kinetic studies on soluble and membrane-bound dopamine beta-hydroxylase isolated
      from storage vesicles of heart and adrenal medulla of different species.

PMID- 955036
TI  - Novel metabolite of nitrazepam in the rabbit urine.

PMID- 955037
TI  - Pigeons homing: some experiments for testing the olfactory hypothesis.

PMID- 955038
TI  - Nucleolar hypertrophy and nuclear DNA replication in liver.

PMID- 955039
TI  - Early development of gap junctions between the mouse embryonic myocardial cells.
      A freeze-etching study.
AB  - Using the freeze-etch technique, nexuses have been shown to exist at a very early
      stage in developing mouse hearts (10 dpc). At this time they are rare, but become
      more progressively frequent and extensive at 12 and 14 dpc. Special arrangements
      of particles progressively observed on the fracture faces PF (linear arrays,
      small associated groups of linear arrays, then hexagonal arrays with 'arms'
      formed by linear clusters) suggest that in ontogenesis the gap junctions may be
      built up by successive aggregation of the linear arrays of particles.

PMID- 955040
TI  - Cyclic activity of DNA synthesis of peripheral blood leukocytes in canine cyclic
      neutropenia.

PMID- 955041
TI  - Localization and quantitation of lithium in rat tissue following intraperitoneal
      injections of lithium chloride. I. Thyroid, thymus, heart, kidney, adrenal, and
      testis.

PMID- 955042
TI  - The effect of toluene on the liver assayed by quantitative morphological methods.

PMID- 955043
TI  - Pulmonary collagen metabolism after lung injury from inhaled 90Y in fused clay
      particles.

PMID- 955044
TI  - Human copper deficiency: ultrastructural studies of the aorta and skin in a child
      with Menkes' syndrome.

PMID- 955045
TI  - Possible significance of myofibrillar protease in muscle catabolism. Enzyme
      activity in dystrophic, tumor-bearing, and glucocorticoid-treated animals.

PMID- 955046
TI  - Reduction of folic acid-induced acute tubular injury by diuresis: an experimental
      model.

PMID- 955047
TI  - The medical approach to the treatment of cholesterol-type cholelithiasis with
      chenodeoxycholic acid. A review of the literature.

PMID- 955048
TI  - [Community patents and Italy].

PMID- 955049
TI  - In situ quantitation of pancuronium bromide and hydrolysis products by
      spectrodensitometry of thin-layer chromatograms.

PMID- 955050
TI  - [Effect of pentagastrin and ceruletide on gastric secretion].

PMID- 955051
TI  - [Use of programmed multiple development chromatography for testing the purity of
      food coloring agents. I].

PMID- 955052
TI  - Radiopaque contrast media. XXXVI - Iopronic acid: proposed analytical monograph.

PMID- 955053
TI  - Radiopaque contrast media. XXXVII-Iopronic acid, a new contrast medium for oral
      cholecystography: pharmacologic investigation.

PMID- 955054
TI  - Differential spectrophotometric determination in visible light of some
      cobalamines in the presence of interfering substances.

PMID- 955055
TI  - [Indirect quantitative determination of quaternary ammonium compounds of high
      molecular weight by means of ion exchange chromatography].

PMID- 955056
TI  - [Anti-ulcer and antacid activity of a new cyclopentane substance].

PMID- 955057
TI  - Synthesis of new alpha-hydrazinoarylacetic acids and derivatives.
AB  - The synthesis of some alpha-hydrazinoarylacetic acids (I) by reaction of alpha
      bromoarylacetic acids with hydrazine, alkylhydrazines and
      carbobenzyloxyhydrazines is described. Reduction of the hydrazones of 2- and 3
      thienylglyoxylic acids provided a general and effective route to the thienylic
      series. In view of the use of compounds (I) for the preparation of new
      penicillins, the experimental conditions for their conversion into
      cyclohexylamides (XI) via the corresponding carbobenzyloxyderivatives (III) were
      also investigated.

PMID- 955058
TI  - Circular dichroism studies of some aralkylamines.
AB  - Circular dichroism curves are reported for a number of aralkylamines having a
      general formula R--CH(NH2)--R' (in which R and R' are alkyl-, aryl- or aralkyl
      groups) and for 1-aminobenzocyclobutene, 1-aminoindane, 1-amino-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydronaphthalene and 2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. The Cotton
      effects due to aromatic chromophore 1Lb and 1La absorption bands are discussed
      and simple correlations between absolute configuration and the signs of Cotton
      effects are deduced.

PMID- 955059
TI  - Synthesis and pharmacological activity of some 3-amino-11H-indolo[3,2-c]
      [1,8]naphthyridines.
AB  - The preparation of some 3-amino-11H-indolo [3,2-c]-[1,8] naphthyridines using the
      Fischer indole synthesis on the appropriate phenylhydrazones is described. Some
      compounds (IV b, c, d) were effective in inhibiting  the reactions of delayed
      hypersensitivity, but the testing has been discontinued because of toxicity
      observed.

PMID- 955060
TI  - Structure-activity relationships for homoserine derivatives as inhibitors of the
      enzymatic synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
AB  - The adenosyltransferase inhibitory activities of a series of homoserine
      derivatives were studied using Hansch equations and CNDO/2 calculations.
      Structure-activity relationships are established involving electronic and
      lipophilic parameters.

PMID- 955061
TI  - [Research on substances with antiviral activity. V. Structural analogs of
      arginine].
AB  - Some arginine analogues were synthesized and tested for antiviral activity. Two
      compounds showed weak activity in vitro against vaccinia virus.

PMID- 955062
TI  - ["De novo substituent constants" in the study of quantitative structure-activity
      relationship].
AB  - The basic features of the Free-Wilson method for assigning additivity constants
      to structural features of related compounds is described. The method is presented
      in considerable operational detail with special emphasis on its development. An
      original example is discussed. Showing that the substituent  constants can be
      related to more fundamental physico-chemical substituent parameters such as the
      hydrophobic constants pi.

PMID- 955063
TI  - The interaction of the radicals of ubiquinone in mitochondrial electron
      transport.

PMID- 955064
TI  - The mapping and sequence determination of the single site in phiX174am3
      replicative form DNA cleaved by restriction endonuclease Pst I.

PMID- 955065
TI  - Ferredoxin-Sepharose affinity chromatography for the purification of assimilatory
      nitrite reductase.

PMID- 955066
TI  - The fractionation of active and inactive chromatins from erythroid cells of
      chicken.

PMID- 955067
TI  - Cross correlation of titrating histidines in oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin; an NMR
      study.

PMID- 955068
TI  - Evidence for the presence of two distinct types of antibodies in an antiserum
      raised against oestriol-16alpha-glucuronide.

PMID- 955069
TI  - On the interaction of oligopeptides containing aromatic amino acids with DNA in
      aqueous solution.

PMID- 955070
TI  - Oxygen and carbon monoxide binding to myoglobin from the dolphin fish Coryphaena
      hippurus.

PMID- 955071
TI  - Size and chemical composition of influenza virus hemagglutinin chains.

PMID- 955072
TI  - Reducible crosslinks of type I and type II collagens of chicken cartilage.

PMID- 955073
TI  - Degranulation and sex-specific regranulation of reticular membranes from rat
      liver as studied using a spectrophotometric assay of protein disulphide
      isomerase.

PMID- 955074
TI  - Protein patterns of developing mitochondria at the onset of germination in maize
      (Zea mays L.).

PMID- 955075
TI  - Lysine residue 199 of human serum albumin is modified by acetylsalicyclic acid.

PMID- 955076
TI  - Preparation of oxytocin specifically 14C-labeled in the tyrosine residue.

PMID- 955077
TI  - Application of photo-crosslinkable resin to immobilization of an enzyme.

PMID- 955078
TI  - Use of immunoadsorbent affinity chromatography to purify component I of
      nitrogenase from extracts of Azotobacter vinelandii.

PMID- 955079
TI  - Membrane modification by arginyl tRNA.

PMID- 955080
TI  - The effect of calclium ions on the metabolism of exogenous cholesterol by rat
      adrenal mitochondria.

PMID- 955081
TI  - Amino acid sequence of cardiotoxin from the venom of Naja naja atra.

PMID- 955082
TI  - Actin associated with purified lymphocyte plasma membrane.

PMID- 955083
TI  - Purification of glutathione reductase from erythrocytes by the use of affinity
      chromatography on 2', 5'-ADP-Sepharose 4-B.

PMID- 955084
TI  - Direct spectrophotometric assay of tryptophanase.

PMID- 955085
TI  - Reactivity and biological importance of the disulfide bonds in human growth
      hormone.

PMID- 955086
TI  - Comparative circular dichroism studies of iron-free and iron-saturated forms of
      human serotransferrin and lactortransferrin.

PMID- 955087
TI  - A non-volatile buffer with improved performance in automated protein sequencing.

PMID- 955088
TI  - Glycolipid composition of blood group P erythrocytes.

PMID- 955089
TI  - S-adenosylmethionine: homocysteine methyltransferase as a regulatory enzyme in
      embryos of Musca domestica.

PMID- 955090
TI  - The heterogeneity of the light chains of factor X.

PMID- 955091
TI  - Competitive antagonists of the action of diphtheria toxin in HeLa cells.

PMID- 955092
TI  - Free cytoplasmic alpha-globin messenger RNA appears during the maturation of
      rabbit reticulocytes.

PMID- 955093
TI  - The protein composition of glial and nerve fibers.

PMID- 955094
TI  - Purification and properties of methioninase from Pseudomonas ovalis.

PMID- 955095
TI  - Partial amino acid sequence of histone H1 from sperm of the sea urchin,
      Parechinus angulosus.

PMID- 955096
TI  - Effect of fasting on the Cori cycle in rats.

PMID- 955097
TI  - Effect of heparin on chromatin.

PMID- 955098
TI  - Subunit interactions in abnormal hemoglobins (Hb Zurich and Hb Abruzzo).

PMID- 955099
TI  - The primary structure of human plasminogen: characterization and alignment of the
      cyanogen bromide peptides.

PMID- 955100
TI  - Metabolic relationships between phospho(galacto)lipids in Bifidobacterium bifidum
      var. pennsylvanicus.

PMID- 955101
TI  - Hydrogen-tritium exchange of rhodopsin: effect of solvent on the incorporation of
      slowly exchanging tritium atoms.

PMID- 955102
TI  - Effect of estrogen on triacylglycerol metabolism: inhibtion of post-heparin
      plasma lipoprotein lipase by phosvitin, an estrogen-induced protein.

PMID- 955103
TI  - A simple method for the perfusion of isolated liver cells.
AB  - The perfusion technique described in this paper offers a new and simple method
      for studying liver cell metabolism in a more dynamic way. It has potential use in
      hormonal response studies, pulsechase experiments and many other types of
      investigations. Finally, the perfusion technique may be applicable to other
      isolated cell preparations as well. The method combines some advantages of the
      flow-through technique with the great advantages of using isolated liver cells,
      apparently without disturbing the viability of the cells.

PMID- 955104
TI  - Structural study of the alpha chain of one haemoglobin from the adults
      salamander, Pleurodeles waltlii.

PMID- 955105
TI  - Repetitive sequences in protein A from Staphyloccus aureus: three highly
      homologous Fc-binding regions.

PMID- 955106
TI  - Irreversible inhibition of the light enzyme of gramicidin S synthetase by
      halogenomethylketones of phenylalanine.

PMID- 955107
TI  - Preparation of toxic radio-iodinated ricin for use in ricin-ribosome interaction
      studies.

PMID- 955108
TI  - Phosphorylase b tetramerization induced by AMP at 25 degrees C.

PMID- 955109
TI  - An active monomeric form of Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 955110
TI  - Ligand partitioning into membranes: its significance in determining Km and Ks
      values for cytochrome P-450 and other membrane bound receptors and enzymes.

PMID- 955111
TI  - Accelerated catalysis by active succinate dehydrogenase: a reflection of a novel
      regulatory site.

PMID- 955112
TI  - A comparative study of the lipid content and lecithin-binding capacity of bovine
      neurophysins.

PMID- 955113
TI  - Use of two chemically synthesised H acceptors as substrates for A and B blood
      group gene-specified glycosyltransferases.

PMID- 955114
TI  - Formation of alpha- and gamma-ketols from 18O-labelled linoleic acid
      hydroperoxides by corn germ hydroperoxide isomerase.

PMID- 955115
TI  - The effect of ATP upon the reactivity of SH groups in sarcoplasmic reticulum
      membranes.

PMID- 955116
TI  - Inactivation of some pancreatic and leucocyte elastases by peptide chloromethyl
      ketones and alkyl isocyanates.

PMID- 955117
TI  - Circadian changes in membrane properties of human red blood cells in vitro, as
      measured by a membrane probe.

PMID- 955118
TI  - A study of the interaction of TMV protein with single- and double-stranded
      polynucleotides.

PMID- 955119
TI  - Circular dichroism of flow-oriented DNA-proflavine complex.

PMID- 955120
TI  - Poly(adenylic acid) polymerase: loss of enzyme from rat liver nuclei isolated
      under isotonic conditions.

PMID- 955121
TI  - Control of calcium permeability in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 955122
TI  - Reconstitution of specific Na+-dependent D-glucose transport in liposomes by
      Triton X-100-extracted proteins from purified brush border membranes of rabbit
      kidney cortex.

PMID- 955123
TI  - The victim is guilty.
AB  - Our society in many situations tends to blame the victim. Questions are raised
      whether this occurs more commonly with women and what its effects are. An
      examination of the treatment of women as patients may help answer these
      questions. In 1971 twice as many men as women were on chronic hemodialysis,
      raising the possibility of different allotment of medical resources and different
      admission criterion for this very expensive therapy. This example only indicates
      that women may be treated differently. The following commentary indicates women
      may be blamed for their illness. A prestigious medical journal has published
      articles claiming the clinical syndrome, Iceland disease, is really epidemic
      hysteria. One of the three main reasons given for such a claim is that it occurs
      primarily in women. Aside from the fact that many physiologic diseases do have
      skewed sex ratios, one wonders why it is considered inappropriate for a
      physiologic disease to have a male/femal ratio different from 1.0 yet not so for
      a psychological disease. Once women are put into this category, in essence blamed
      for their illness, there will be no more search for pathology that might be
      corrected. they may undergo detrimental therapy, in this case removal of their
      uteri-a hysterectomy, probably in the true sense of the word.

PMID- 955124
TI  - Adventures of a woman in science.
AB  - This paper is divided into two parts. The first part describes the difficulties
      encountered in entering the scientific profession and staying there if one is a
      woman; the difficulties in combating the degrading sterotypes about women that
      are commonly held (women are believed to be submissive, unintelligent,
      uncreative, etc.); and the discrimination that accompanies beliefs in these
      sterotypes. The second part of the paper examines the evidence for the truth or
      falsity of the proposition that these stereotypes reflect woman's "innate"
      nature, and shows that there is no evidence to suggest that the proposition is
      true. On the other hand, there is evidence from social psychology that, for the
      most part, people act the way people around them expect them to act, and they
      believe that they are what others expect them to be. So if the scientific
      profession holds the outragious and erroneous belief that women can't be
      scientists, it is likely that few women will become scientists. This must change:
      the integrity of the progession is at stake.

PMID- 955125
TI  - Women and discrimination in academe.
AB  - Affirmative action on the campus has led to some changes, but women and
      minorities have made little headway, especially in terms of being hired. At some
      institutions, after a year or two of affirmative action, the number and
      percentage of women has decreased while the number and percentage of men
      increased. The greatest progress has been in the areas of new legislation,
      general awareness, and correction of salary inequities. Various laws and court
      decisions relative to discrimination are discussed, as well as the relationship
      between women's and minority issues--Sandler, B. Women and discrimination in
      academe.

PMID- 955126
TI  - Genetic influence on nutritional aspects of metabolic regulation I.
AB  - Examples of two genetic models of growth and development are described. Mice
      selected for growth rate from 3 to 6 weeks of age show an increase in mature body
      size and an increase in tissue cellularity. Manipulation of dietary intake at
      various ages resulted in different responses in the control and growth strain
      mice. Futher trials are needed to determine metabolic or endocrine adaptations
      that are responsible for enhanced growth in these mice. The second model
      discussed was the genetically obese Zucker rat. When compared to its lean
      littermates, the obese rat is hyperphagic and metabolically efficient in storing
      calories as fat, and has impaired development of muscle tissue. The shift in the
      growth of muscle tissue to the growth of adipose tissue cannot be prevented by
      dietary manipulation or exercise. Increases in liver lipogenic rate can be
      prevented by feeding a high fat diet. It appears from the nutritional studies
      presented hear that many of the metabolic lesions associated with the development
      of spontaneous obesity in this animal model are secondary to the primary causal
      event.

PMID- 955128
TI  - Ruminant adipose tissue metabolism: introductory remarks.

PMID- 955127
TI  - The BHE strain to rat: an example of the role of inheritance in determining
      metabolic controls.

PMID- 955129
TI  - Selection and management of contraceptives in the adolescent patient.

PMID- 955130
TI  - Inadequate cervical mucus--a cause of "idiopathic" infertility.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate and treat a group of patients
      referred for "idiopathic" infertility in whom no apparent cause for infertility,
      apart from inadequate cervical mucus, was found. Hormone investigations revealed
      that these patients could be divided into two groups: those with low sex steroid
      profiles despite apparent ovulation, and a second group with normal sex steroid
      profiles. All patients were treated with ovulation-inducing agents in an attempt
      to produce "controlled" ovarian hyperstimulation and an improved cervical mucus.
      Four of six patients conceived. The rationale behind the use of ovulation
      inducing agents in this situation is discussed.

PMID- 955131
TI  - Studies on low-dose oral contraceptives: cervical mucus and plasma hormone
      changes in relation to circulating D-norgestrel and 17alpha ethynyl-estradiol
      concentrations.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine the effects of a low-dose oral contraceptive
      comprising 150 mug of D-norgestrel and 30 mug of 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol
      (Microgynon) on the plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
      luteinizing hormone (LH), 17BETA-ESTRADIOL, AND PROGESTERONE AND ON THE PHYSICAl
      properties of cervical mucus. Samples of blood and cervical mucus were obtained
      from three women during a treated cycle and the immediately-following
      "withdrawal" cycle. Specific radioimmunoassay methods were used to determine LH,
      FSH, 17beta-estradiol, and progesterone levels in treated and withdrawal cycles,
      and D-norgestrel and 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol in samples obtained during treated
      cycles. The concentration of synthetic steroids was also measured in blood
      samples obtained before and 1 hour after ingestion of the contraceptive to
      determine the maximal daily variation. The results indicated that the
      contraceptive action of this combined low-dose oral contraceptive is mediated
      through suppression of ovulation and by rendering the cervical mucus impenetrable
      to sperm. Plasma FSH levels appeared to be one of the most sensitive indices of
      suppression. Determination of D-norgestrel and 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol showed
      that 3 to 4 days were required to reach maximal plasma levels and that daily
      fluctuations were considerable. Withdrawal of the pill resulted in an immediate
      return to ovulatory cycles in all three subjects studied.

PMID- 955132
TI  - Carbohydrate and lipid metabolic studies before and after one year of treatment
      with ethynodiol diacetate in "normal" women.
AB  - A 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted in "normal" women before and
      after 12 months of contraceptive treatment with daily 0.25-mg ethynodiol
      diacetate tablets. There was no significant change in the subjects' weight
      between the two tests. All but the 3-hour individual group glucose values were
      significantly elevated at the 1-year test, and 16.7% of the tolerance curves
      became "borderline abnormal". The group plasma insulin values for the 0.5-, 1-,
      and 2-hour samples during the 1-year test were also significantly elevated. There
      was a significant decrease in the group fasting triglyceride levels but no change
      in the fasting cholesterol levels. These data suggest that some of the 19
      norprogestogens may adversely affect carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 955133
TI  - Histology of the endometrium in long-term use of a sequential oral contraceptive.
AB  - Non-atypical adenomatous hyperplasia was found in 13.5% of 111 biopsies obtained
      from long-term, predominantly black, users of Oracon. An association between
      length of time of use (95 cycles for those with adenomatous hyperplasia versus 73
      for those without) and the development of adenomatous hyperplasia was noted, but
      there was no association with hypertension or obesity. Cystic glandular
      dilatation was seen in 63% but was not thought to represent hyperplasia. No more
      advanced lesions were seen.

PMID- 955134
TI  - 17beta-ol androgens and free index in hirsute and hirsute obese women.
AB  - We have found the mean levels of combined serum testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone (T+DHT) and the free index (FI) to be significantly higher
      and the mean dihydrotestosterone precipitation index (DHT-PI) to be significantly
      lower in hirsute women than in normal women. Although the mean T+DHT values of
      the different groups of hirsute patients were comparable, the FI value of the
      oligomenorrheic and/or obese patient was higher than that of the nonobese,
      normally menstruating group. In addition, the mean DHT-PI level of obese patients
      was significantly lower than that of nonobese patients. The lowest androgen
      binding was found in obese patients with oligomenorrhea. In our experience,
      hirsutism is associated with T+DHT values of 150 ng/dl or lower. Measurement of
      androgen binding and androgen levels in unchromatographed serum extracts provides
      valuable information in the treatment of hirsute women.

PMID- 955135
TI  - Levels of luteinizing hormone in semen of fertile and infertile men and possible
      significance of luteinizing hormone in sperm metabolism.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured in the seminal plasma of 68 fertile
      and infertile men. LH levels in the seminal plasma were severalfold higher than
      those normally found in serum and were significantly higher in oligospermic and
      normospermic samples than in azoospermic samples. However, no significant
      difference was observed in LH levels of oligospermic and normospermic men. The
      effects of LH on fructose utilization, glucose oxidation, and adenyl cyclase
      activity of spermatozoa were also examined. The results indicate a possible role
      of seminal plasma LH in sperm motility and metabolism.

PMID- 955136
TI  - Vasectomy and vasovasostomy. I. Timing of histologic changes in immature and
      mature dog testis after vasectomy.
AB  - The effects of vasectomy on the development and maintenance of spermatogenesis
      was studied using immature and mature dog testes. Bilateral vasectomy in immature
      dogs delayed the development of advanced spermatocytes, spermatids, and
      spermatozoa for about 3 months postsurgery. Spermatogenesis appeared to be
      recovered to control levels by 4 months postvasectomy. Spermatogenesis in mature
      dogs was also altered after bilateral vasectomy. Decreased numbers of advanced
      spermatocytes as well as maturation arrest was observed by 3 weeks postvasectomy.
      Seminiferous tubule cell layers quickly decreased to one to three layers as the
      lumina became occluded with sloughed cells by 3 to 6 weeks postvasectomy.
      Recovery in terms of the numbers of spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa
      was evident by 13 weeks postvasectomy, although occasional dog testes did not
      recover and appeared to be more sensitive to vasectomy-induced damage. It thus
      appears that vasectomy temporarily inhibits both the development and maintenance
      of spermatogenesis in immature as well as mature dog testes. Spermatogenesis does
      recover but may be maintained at somewhat lower levels after vasectomy. Changes
      are rapid in onset and take several weeks to be reversed. Some dog testes appear
      to be more sensitive to the damage and it may be irreversible in these testes.

PMID- 955137
TI  - Vasectomy and vasovasostomy. II. A comparison of two methods of vasovasostomy:
      silastic versus chromic stents.
AB  - Twelve adult, bilaterally vasectomized dogs were used to compare two different
      procedures for reuniting the severed vas deferens. Approximately 5 months
      postvasectomy six dogs had vasovasostomies utilizing Silastic stents and the vasa
      deferentia of six additional dogs were rejoined with intravasal chromic stents.
      Ejaculates were subsequently obtained at 2-week intervals and evaluated for sperm
      count, motility, viability, and seminal ion concentrations. All of the dogs in
      which Silastic had been utilized as the stent had sperm reappear in the
      ejaculate, whereas only 40% of the dogs in which chromic catgut had been utilized
      had reappearance of spermatozoa. The over-all quality of the ejaculate was also
      better in the animals in which Silastic had been utilized. Testicular and
      epididymal histology was normal in most dogs of both groups, but three of the
      dogs with chromic stents in which the anastomosis had not been a success had
      abnormal histology, with reduced numbers of spermatocytes, spermatids, and
      spermatozoa. The data suggest that Silastic stents are better than chromic stents
      for vas reanastomosis. They also suggest that some dog testes react negatively to
      vasectomy and do not recover by 1 year postvasectomy when vas patency is not
      reversed.

PMID- 955138
TI  - The molecular weight of aspermatogenic antigen as determined by equilibrium
      ultracentrifugation.
AB  - The extraction of antigen from testis and sperm is described. This antigen, when
      administered in microgram amounts in a single injection, induces aspermatogenesis
      in 100% of guinea pigs so treated. The deletion of the seminiferous cell line is
      specific (no cross-reactions) and provides a tool for investigating inhibition of
      cell replication as well as reproductive control. The antigen is a polypeptide
      polysaccharide complex and has been determined to have a molecular weight of
      10,520, using the equilibrium ultracentrifugation method.

PMID- 955139
TI  - An enzymologic study of corpora lutea in early pregnant rats treated with
      abortifacient agents.
AB  - Luteal metabolism was investigated in corpora lutea of early pregnant rats
      treated with four abortifacient agents. In corpora lutea of rats treated with
      prostaglandin F2alpha or of rats 1 day postpartum, glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity increased 140 to 170% and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (20alpha-HSD) was activated to significantly high levels, whereas
      malic enzyme activity decreased to 29% of control values. In aminoglutethimide
      treated rats, the activities of G6PDH and malic enzyme decreased, while 20alpha
      HSD activity was maintained at a very low level. With the increased dose,
      complete abortion was observed. In corpora lutea of these aborted rats, 20alpha
      HSD was activated moderately and G6PDH values were slightly higher than control
      values, whereas malic enzyme activity fell to lower levels. All rats treated with
      clomiphene citrate aborted within 63 hours after the last injection. The
      activities of G6PDH, malic enzyme, and ATP citrate lyase in these corpora lutea
      decreased to 66, 68, and 72% of control levels, respectively; 20alpha-HSD
      activity was maintained at a very low level, and activities of 3beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate
      kinase were not appreciably altered. These findings indicated that, at the
      beginning of luteolysis and fetal resorption, the activities of steroidogenic
      enzymes decreased and 20alpha-HSD was not yet activated. Therefore, we could
      gauge the early changes of luteolysis by measuring the activities of G6PDH, MALIC
      ENZYME, AND ATP citrate lyase as well as 20alpha-HSD.

PMID- 955140
TI  - [Changes in the pulmonary ventilation of cats with a combination of increased
      respiratory resistance and hypercapnia before and after vagotomy].
AB  - In cat+s, increased resistance against breathing at the background of
      hyperventilation with a hypercapnic mixture reduces the 1-min ventilation.
      However, the bioelectric activity of the diaphragmatic nerve becomes augmented,
      thus indicating an increase in the respiratory center inspiratory activity.
      Vagotomy was followed by a decreased ventilatory response to CO2. Suppression of
      ventilation and augmentation of the diaphragmatic nerve activity during
      additional resistance against breathing in vagotomized animals were preserved on
      account of a considerably greater activity of the respiratory center. The data
      obtained suggest that, in conditions of combination of increased resistance
      against breathing with hypercapnia, the lungs afferent system fulfills an
      optimization of activity of the ventilatory apparatus.

PMID- 955141
TI  - [Reaction of the human ventilatory apparatus to supplementary respiratory
      resistance upon inhalation of normo- and hypercapnic mixtures].
AB  - In 5 healthy young subjects, the intrathoracic pressure, pneumotachogram, and CO2
      tension in exhaled air were recorded--under conditions of breathing with
      additional resistance (15 cm water/1/sec). While breathing with air, starting
      from the 1st respiratory cycle after switching on of the additional resistance, a
      respiratory regimen had been formed (decreased ventilation and increased
      respiratory activity) which did not alter during next 10 min. When breathing with
      hypercapnic mixture (4% CO2 in air), the respiratory regimen changed in two
      stages: a stepwise increase of respiratory activity and reducing of ventilation,
      and further gradual increase of these parameters. Increase in the respiratory
      activity was invariably followed by an increase in the CO2 alveolar tension. Role
      of chemo- and mechanoreceptors in formation of the ventilatory apparatus response
      to additional resistance against breathing, is discussed.

PMID- 955142
TI  - [Response of the human ventilatory apparatus to additional respiratory resistance
      upon inhalation of normo- and hypercapnic mixtures].
AB  - In 78 healthy subjects, at 760 m (Frunze) and 3600 m (the Pamirs) above sea
      level, apneic points and ventilatory responses to increasing hypercapnia were
      assessed (rebreathing method). At 3600 m (4 to 11-month adaptation), regulation
      of breathing was achieved at lesser threshold CO2 values than in lowlanders, with
      no quantitative difference in ventilatory responses. On days 5 to 7 of
      deadaptation (at 760 m) following 45 days of adaptation at 3870 m, there was a
      decrease in ventilatory responses to a 1 mm Hg increment in PACO2, while apneic
      point values approached base-line values (prior to ascent to the high altitude).

PMID- 955143
TI  - [Ventilatory responses in man to hypoxia and hypercapnia under conditions of
      decreased respiratory resistance].
AB  - In young healthy male adults, a decrease in the mechanical load of the
      ventilatory apparatus was followed by readjustment in the respiratory cycle.
      During hyperventilation due to an enhanced hypercapnic stimulus, a reduction of
      resistance against breathing tells on the value of ventilatory response, the
      latter being greater than when breathing with mixtures of ordinary density. The
      data obtained confirm the significance of value of the mechanical load of
      respiratory apparatus for formation of ventilatory response to hypoxia and
      hypercapnia.

PMID- 955144
TI  - [Reorganization of the function of several intrinsic laryngeal muscles as a
      result of exclusion of one of them during respiration].
AB  - Electromyographic data on the effect of unilateral extirpation of the
      cricoarytenoid posterior muscle on other intrinsic muscles activity and on the
      vocal fold mobility were obtained in a series of chronic experiments in dogs,-
      before the extirpation, immediately after it, and in 1.5, 3, 6, and more months.
      The respiration was recorded simultaneously with the EMG of the intrinsic
      laryngeal muscles and with laryngoscopy and photography of the larynx. The data
      obtained showed a decrease in the electric activity of the lateral and vocal
      muscles on the side of the extirpated cricoarytenoid posterior muscle within 1.5
      3 months after the operation, and traces of this activity sometimes not only in
      expiration as well. In about 6 months or more after the extirpation, the electric
      activity of the lateral and vocal muscles on the side of the extirpation occurred
      not in expiration, as before the operation, but in inspiration only. The vocal
      fold on this side of the larynx was in the paramedian position and immobile at
      the state of respiration during the whole period after the extirpation. The
      reconstruction of activity of the larynx sphincter muscles after extirpation of
      dilatatory muscles may be a result of the central reconstruction of coordination
      of some motoneurons connected with different muscles of the larynx and may have a
      compensatory character. This reconstruction occurring after the cricoarytenoid
      posterior muscle extirpation provides most favourable conditions for the
      respiratory function of the larynx.

PMID- 955145
TI  - [Several features of pulmonary receptors].

PMID- 955146
TI  - [Respiratory dead space].

PMID- 955147
TI  - [Dynamics of the process of gas transport into the body using a mathematical
      model].
AB  - Dynamics of mass-transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inert gases in lungs,
      blood, and tissues, as well as gas transport through alveolar capillary and
      erythrocyte membranes at rest and during exercise under normal and increased
      ambient pressures, were studied on a mathematical model. The model consists of 34
      differential and 58 algebraic equations and makes it possible to estimate the
      dynamics of changes of over 90 parameters. The effect of various factors:
      duration of the respiratory cycle, tidal volume, airways resistance, the surface
      of diffusion, the resistance of alveolar-capillary wall, erythrocyte membrane,
      ventilation-perfusion relations, pulmonary blood shunts, blood supply to the
      tissues, Haldane and Verigo-Bohr effect, buffer capacity of the blood, and
      others) on the mass-transport of gases were quantitatively estimated.

PMID- 955148
TI  - [Background impulse activity of neurons, oxygen tension and local blood flow in
      intact and isolated cerebral cortex].

PMID- 955149
TI  - [Changes in the oxygen tension of rat cerebral cortex subsequent to hyperoxia and
      the protective effect of urea].
AB  - When breathing with air, pO2 in anesthetized rats was 24.1+/-1.8 mm Hg, while
      after urea administration it was 19.4+/-1.7 mm Hg. A sharp increase in pO2 was
      revealed in hyperoxia(911+/-48 mm Hg at 6 atm during first 5 min, and 924+/-38 mm
      Hg--by the 7th min). The high pO2 was only reduced in 10-15 min after
      decompression. At a combined action of urea and hyperoxia, pO2 was significantly
      lower (714+/-52 mm Hg); pO2 in successive cortical layers (0-2400 mcm with a 200
      mcm step) was progressively decreasing (from 40.7+/-4.9 mm Hg to 16.0+/-1.0 mm Hg
      in control, and from 928+/-35 mm Hg to 274+/-64 mm Hg in hyperoxia).

PMID- 955150
TI  - [External respiration and oxygenation of arterial blood in animals in an
      atmosphere with an increased concentration of oxygen].
AB  - In 8 unanesthetized rabbits, the breathing rate, oxygenation of blood, and some
      other parameters were recorded during 1-hr stay in hyperoxic gas milieau with 40,
      60, and 80% oxygen in nitrogen. In 40% mixture, the parameters changed
      insignificantly. In 60% oxygen, the 1-min respiratory volume first decreased then
      normalized while oxygenation of blood increased; in 80% mixture, both these
      parameters decreased due probably, to reduced ventilation, vasoconstrictive
      effect of oxygen, and shunting of blood in the lungs.

PMID- 955151
TI  - [Responses of coronary vessels to pain in hypoxic hypoxia].

PMID- 955152
TI  - [Current system of terms and their abbreviations in respiratory physiology].

PMID- 955153
TI  - [Functional capabilities of the papillary muscles of the left heart in rats
      during adaptation to high altitude conditions].
AB  - The amplitude of papillary muscles shortening at gradual increase of the rate of
      stimulation from 12 to 60, 120 180/min in conditions of permanent high altitude
      hypoxia on 3rd, 15th, 30th, and 45th day of adaptation noticeably increased at
      180/min stimulation starting from the 15th day of mountain exposure and remaining
      till the 30th and 45th day. The performance of the muscles had been considerably
      decreased as compared with the control tests, on the 3rd day of adaptation.

PMID- 955154
TI  - [Regional redistribution of blood during air cooling of unanesthetized rats].
AB  - 3-hr exposure to air at +5 degrees C of unrestrained rats evoked a relative
      reduction of blood volume in vessels of the skin, skeletal muscles, abdominal and
      pelvic organs (except liver). Increase of the blood volume occurred in the brain,
      thoracic organs, and in the liver. No significant decrease of the rectal
      temperature was noticed at that, in spite of cooling of the skin of different
      parts of the body and tail. Cooling of restrained rats at +5 degrees C during 1
      and 3 hrs decreased the rectal temperature. The main direction of the blood
      redistribution involved its removal from the liver to the deep muscle tissues. At
      the beginning of the cooling and immediately after self--warming the relative
      increase of the blood volume was more obvious in the skeletal muscles of the
      anterior body parts.

PMID- 955155
TI  - [Reactions of respiratory center neurons to local cooling of the ventral surface
      of the medulla oblongata].
AB  - In anesthetized cats, in conditions of vagal and sinus deafferentation, the
      effect of bilateral cooling of portions of the medulla oblongata ventral surface
      on electric activity of the respiratory volley neurons, was studied. The main
      types of the responses were as follows: cessation or reduction of firing,
      transformation of the volley discharges into continuous those or continuous with
      respiratory modulation. These responses were followed by cessation or sharp
      depression of respiration. Data on  localization of fields whose cooling entails
      maximal inhibitory responses of the respiratory neurons, are presented.

PMID- 955156
TI  - [Effect of transection of the forebrain, diencephalon and midbrain on respiration
      in cats].
AB  - In vagotomized cats, after removal of the brain portion 5 mm rostral to the
      visual nerves crossing, the eupnoea type of respiration was preserved.
      Transection in the area of the visual nerves crossing was followed by a stable
      acceleration of respiration. Starting from the level of the posterior border of
      the visual nerves crossing and more caudal, successive transections of the brain
      entailed sharp decrease in the breathing rate, increase of the respiratory
      volume, and complicated changes of the lungs ventilation.

PMID- 955157
TI  - [Regulation of respiration under conditions of inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
      activity by diamox].
AB  - The functional state of the respiratory center and the mechanism of increase in
      pulmonary ventilation before and after inhibition of activity of carbonic
      anhydrase by diamox were studied in anesthetized cats. During the inhibition,
      activity of bulbar inspiratory neurons functionally connected with motoneurons of
      the diaphragm was markedly reduced and that of the neurons connected with
      motoneurons of intercostal muscles was sharply increased. A steady thoracic
      respiration occurred. The aferents from the carotid sinus nerve and vagus nerve
      did not affect the steady thoracic respiration. Increased efferent influence upon
      the intercostal muscles led to forced thoracic respiration which ensured a high
      pulmonary ventilation during the whole period of action of the diamox.

PMID- 955158
TI  - [Analysis of the imperative stimulus restricting voluntary breath holding].
AB  - In 5 healthy young men, the maximal voluntary breath holding--was studied under
      conditions of different initial values of PACO2--after oxygen inhalation at
      ordinary minute volume of respiration or at hyperventilation, or after breathing
      with oxygen mixtures with 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10% CO2. PACO2 was recorded at the moment
      of resuming of the intercostal muscles electric activity and at the point of
      breaking up the apnoea. A mathematical model was constructed. The hypothesis of
      participation of two independent factors (chemo- and mechanoreceptive) in genesis
      of the imperative stimulus for breathing was checked. The data obtained suggest
      that, in fact, the only factor restricting the duration of voluntary breath
      holding--is the summed up in time chemoreceptive stimulation. The involuntary
      contractions of respiratory muscles observed during apnoea are, apparently, a
      connecting link in formation of the imperative stimulus which breaks up the
      cessation of breathing.

PMID- 955159
TI  - The pathology of visna and maedi in sheep.

PMID- 955160
TI  - Space deformation as a separation mechanism of DNA double helix strands.

PMID- 955161
TI  - Distribution of radioactivity in the mouse organism after administration of 35S
      chondroitin sulphate.

PMID- 955162
TI  - Ethological and ecological analysis of animal behaviour during an eclipse of the
      sun.

PMID- 955163
TI  - Effect of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) from the back of Sambucus nigra on embryonic
      and foetal development in mice.

PMID- 955164
TI  - Studies on the cholinesterase isoenzymes of human blood serum.

PMID- 955165
TI  - Chromosomes of Pterostichus cupreus L. and Pterostichus vulgaris L. (=
      Pterostichus melanarius Ill. sensu Lindroth, 1957), (Coleoptera, Carabidae).

PMID- 955166
TI  - Karyotypes of three species of Acarina.

PMID- 955167
TI  - Further investigations on the chromosomes of Anguilla anguilla.

PMID- 955168
TI  - Guanine base labeling and length extension of phi X174 DNA.

PMID- 955169
TI  - Length of residence, social ties, and economic opportunities,.
AB  - This study examines length of residence for movers--that subsection of the
      population which accounts for the high mobility rates in the United States. The
      propensity for repeated migration is studied in relation to economic
      opportunities and previous familial and personal contacts. The results indicate
      no influence of economic opportunities on duration of residence. This finding is
      consistent with recent research that indicates economic conditions are not a
      general stimulus for out-migration, although they are for inmigration. On the
      other hand, length of residence is found to be longer where previous familial and
      personal contacts existed. Overall, the results provide additional evidence of
      the importance of social, as opposed to strictly economic variables in the
      migration process.

PMID- 955170
TI  - The relation of psychological, social, and economic variables to fertility
      related decisions.
AB  - To test a recent model of social behavior, a questionnaire was designed and
      administered to 270 married women in a midwestern city. A stratified random
      sample was obtained, comprising a 2 X 3 factorial design (Catholic vs. Protestant
      and high vs. middle vs. low socioeconomic status). It was hypothesized that an
      individual's intention to engage in a fertility-related behavior would be highly
      correlated with (a) her beliefs about the consequences of performing that
      behavior weighted by the value of those consequences, and/or (b) her beliefs
      about what relevant others think she should do and her motivation to comply with
      those others. The data strongly supported this hypothesis for each of three
      different behaviors. Analysis of variance revealed a significant religious
      differential for intentions to have a two-child family (Catholics were less
      likely to intend to have a two-child family than Protestants). This differential
      was further examined in terms of the proposed model of behavior.

PMID- 955171
TI  - Female work experience, employment status, and birth expectations: sequential
      decision-making in the Philippines.
AB  - The influence of women's birth parity and accumulated market skills on their
      current labor force participation and birth expectations is examined within a
      sequential choice framework. Analysis of household data from the 1973 Philippines
      National Demographic Survey suggests these patterns: (a) women who have
      accumulated larger families work less in the current period and anticipate fewer
      additional births; (b) women with more past work experience tend to work more
      hours in the current period; and (c) work experience appears to have only a weak
      negative effect on birth expectations among older women.

PMID- 955172
TI  - Compensating changes in fertility and mortality.
AB  - This paper illustrates a method of studying changes in vital rate schedules which
      have no effect on the intrinsic rate of population growth. These changes are
      described as compensating changes in fertility and mortality. The analysis
      proceeds from the discrete perspective of Leslie matrices, wherein the central
      idea is to establish the set of all compensating changes by identifying that
      class of Leslie matrices which possess the same positive eigenvalue, lambda1. A
      root-squaring technique is adapted for the purpose of estimating lambda1.
      Finally, a variety of compensating fertility and mortality changes is illustrated
      using data from Japan.

PMID- 955173
TI  - Report on a multiple regression method for making population estimates.
AB  - A new method of making population estimates is introduced and contrasted to the
      standard ratio-correlation method. The new method, called the "difference
      correlation method," produced population estimates for the counties of Michigan
      which had a smaller mean percentage error than estimates produced by the ratio
      correlation method. The differences of proportions which are used in the
      difference-correlation method will always have means of zero, while the ratios
      used in the ratio-correlation method have means which vary. Higher
      intercorrelations among the variables and increased temporal stability of the
      intercorrelations are two advantages of using differences rather than ratios.

PMID- 955174
TI  - Report on matching procedures of a dual record system in the southern
      Philippines.
AB  - There are generally three stages to the development of rules for matching vital
      events data from two sources covering the same population: (a) establishing a set
      of "true" matches and nonmatches; (b) determining the best tolerance limits for
      each single characteristic which might be used in matching; and (c) experimenting
      to determine the set or sets of characteristics and the weights to be used in
      classifying a pair of records as matched or nonmatched. Specific examples, based
      on early matching experiments with data from the dual record system of the
      Mindanao Center for Population Studies (MCPS), are presented. Successive
      application of different sets of characteristics (differential valence rule) to
      the remaining unmatched events produced an acceptable rule for matching in this
      study.

PMID- 955175
TI  - Provisional evaluation of the 1970 census count of American Indians.
AB  - Estimates of the American Indian population under 20 years of age on April 1,
      1970, based on birth and death statistics for a 20-year period, show a possible
      net undercount of 6.9 percent for this age group in the 1970 census. However, for
      some particular ages the estimates indicate net overcounts in the census.
      Likewise, the net increase of the entire American Indian population as measured
      by the difference between the 1960 and 1970 censuses is 67,000 greater than the
      natural increase for the decade. Detailed analysis of cohort data with respect to
      the possible causes of the differences between the estimates and the census
      figures indicate that a portion of the estimated net overcounts can be attributed
      to classification, as well as coverage, problems. The estimated net overcounts
      offer support for the hypothesis that many individuals who were registered as
      white at birth and who were counted as white in the 1960 census shifted their
      racial self-identification from white to American Indian during the 1960's.

PMID- 955176
TI  - Letter: Comment of M.J. Greenwood's "simultaneity bias in migration models: an
      empirical examination".

PMID- 955177
TI  - Letter: Reply to Davanzo--comment on M.J. Greenwood's "simultaneity bias in
      migration models: an empirical examination".

PMID- 955178
TI  - [Raised immune reactivity of exacerbates lupus erythematosus visceralis. I.
      Effect of autologous serum on lymphocyte transformation and cytotoxicity].

PMID- 955179
TI  - [Notes on the intermediary form of incontinentia pigmenti].

PMID- 955180
TI  - [Biochemical studies for the interpretation of the determination of alkali
      neutralization time].

PMID- 955181
TI  - HL-A Antigens and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in psoriasis vulgaris.

PMID- 955182
TI  - [Immunological aspects of the susceptibility for mycotic infections].

PMID- 955183
TI  - [The macrophage stimulation test (MST)--a new in vitro test for the demonstration
      of mycotic sensitization].

PMID- 955184
TI  - [Comparison of serological methods for the demonstration of candida antibodies].

PMID- 955185
TI  - [Immunologic deficiency syndromes in chronic mucocutaneous candida mycosis].

PMID- 955186
TI  - [First experience with transfer factor therapy in chronic mucocutaneous candida
      mycosis].

PMID- 955187
TI  - [Preparation and specificity of FITC-labeled immune serums against
      dermatophytes].

PMID- 955188
TI  - [Clinical-histopathological study on yeast infections in internal diseases].

PMID- 955189
TI  - [The question of candidiasis in burns].

PMID- 955190
TI  - [The significance of yeast infections in patients with chronic urticaria].

PMID- 955191
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in lung mycoses].

PMID- 955192
TI  - [Experiences with the treatment of lung aspergilloma].

PMID- 955193
TI  - [Determination of the alkali resistance in various dermatomycoses].

PMID- 955194
TI  - [The immunological activity under a therapy with griseofulvin and pyrogenic
      agents in microsporum infections].

PMID- 955195
TI  - [The resistance of yeasts to new antimycotic agents].

PMID- 955196
TI  - [Proposal for a test system for the discovery of antifungal compounds].

PMID- 955197
TI  - [The experimental secondary and reinfection of guinea pig trichophytosis].

PMID- 955198
TI  - [Abortion in cows as a probable consequence of mycosis].

PMID- 955199
TI  - [Histological findings in the cock's womb experimentally infected with Candida
      albicans].

PMID- 955200
TI  - [Experiences with Mycosolon in clinical use].

PMID- 955201
TI  - [Heterogeneity of the dermatophytes population].

PMID- 955202
TI  - [A macroconidia-rich variant of Trichophyton rubrum].

PMID- 955203
TI  - [Ultrastructure of Microsporum canis in studies by scanning and penetrating light
      electron microscopy].

PMID- 955204
TI  - [Problems of the isolation of defined fungal antigens].

PMID- 955205
TI  - [The diagnosis of mycotic allergies].

PMID- 955206
TI  - [Clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and therapy of gonorrhea].

PMID- 955207
TI  - [Report on 6 patients with early syphilis and hepatitis].

PMID- 955208
TI  - [Significance of incomplete antibodies for the serodiagnosis of lues. 2.
      Evaluation of the specificity and sensitization of the antihuman gamma globulin
      antibody test for detection of incomplete antibodies in lues].

PMID- 955209
TI  - [Significance of incomplete antibodies for the serodiagnosis of lues. 3.
      Importance of AGAT-test for the cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis in lues].

PMID- 955210
TI  - [Cicatricial alopecia and reduced pigmentation following vacuum extraction].

PMID- 955211
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the granuloma annulare].

PMID- 955212
TI  - [Xeroderma pigmentosum and antigenity of UV-irradiated DNA].

PMID- 955213
TI  - [Depigmentation effect of hydroquinone monomethyl ether].

PMID- 955214
TI  - [Studies on the influence of vitamin A on the DNBC-eczema of the guinea pig].

PMID- 955215
TI  - [Studies on the problem of relipictization through Syndets in the use of Episan
      soaps. II. Quantitative determination of lipoids on the skin surface].

PMID- 955216
TI  - [Correlation between results on intracutaneous, lymphocyte transformation tests
      and leukocyte migration inhibition tests with tuberculin].

PMID- 955217
TI  - [Problem sera in the serodiagnosis of lues].

PMID- 955218
TI  - [Comparative studies using the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and the
      macrophage stimulation test (MST) in verification of mycotic sensitization].

PMID- 955219
TI  - [Sodium chloride tolerance yeast strains of human microflora].

PMID- 955220
TI  - [Immunoglobulin behavior in microbial eczema].

PMID- 955221
TI  - [Measurement of skin temperature with the resistance thermometer, Thermophil].

PMID- 955222
TI  - [Normalization process in the epidermis following its previous exposure to urea].

PMID- 955223
TI  - [Cornu cutaneum giganteum superimposed on hypertrophic keratoma senile].

PMID- 955224
TI  - Sweat studies in hyperhidrosis palmaris and plantaris. A survey of 60 patients
      before and after cervical sympathectomy.
AB  - 60 patients suffering from excessive sweating in the hands underwent cervical
      sympathectomy. At follow-up 1-7 years after operation the hands were dry in 55.
      No differences in electrolyte concentrations were found in the sweat from palms,
      arms, or body prior to and after the surgical intervention. Similarly no
      differences were found in electrolyte concentrations between healthy subjects and
      hyperhidrotics. Palmar sweat was hypertonic in comparison to arm or body sweat.
      The Na and K sweat concentrations were: palmar 50 +/- 20 and 16 +/- 7 mEq/1; arm
      30 +/- 11 and 8 +/- 2 mEq/1; and body 21 +/- 20 and 4 +/- 3 mEq/1, respectively.
      Na/K ratio was: palmar 3.2; arms 3.6 and body 5.8. Total sweat loss prior to the
      operation was 5.7 +/- 4.2 g/kg BW/h; afterwards it was 5.9 +/- 4 g/kg BW/h. These
      equal sweat rates were associated with compensatory sweating in areas of the body
      not affected prior to the operation.

PMID- 955225
TI  - [Pattern of epithelium formation in human and guinea-pig skin (author's transl)].
AB  - Comparative histometry of human and guinea-pig epidermis revealed that in the
      latter development of the (subcorneal) superficial epithelium is significantly
      less, and that of the (mostly follicular) deep epithelium is markedly more
      pronounced than in man.

PMID- 955226
TI  - [Basophils in the infiltrate of guinea pig experimental contact dermatitis.
      Dinitrochlorobenzene and citraconic anhydride (author's transl)].
AB  - We observed, in addition to the lymphocytes of the classical descriptions, large
      numbers of basophils in the infiltrate of the specific sensitization reaction
      with dinitrochlorobenzene and citraconic acid, a few eosinophils in the reaction
      with dinitrochlorobenzene and rather more eosinophils in the reaction with
      citraconic acid.

PMID- 955227
TI  - The mechanism of photochemotherapy.
AB  - As a contribution to the mechanisms of photochemotherapy, human skin homogenates
      were irradiated in the presence or absence of methoxsalen. The changes induced in
      LDH-, G-6-PDH-, GAPDH-, and GOT-activities were registered. Methoxsalen (50
      mug/ml) failed to produce any significant effect. On pure G-6-PDH, methoxsalen
      exhibited a photoprotective action.

PMID- 955228
TI  - [In vitro and in vivo experiments on the immunosuppressive properties of
      cytostatic substances (author's transl)].
AB  - Various cystostatic substances are tested with the lymphocyte transformation test
      and compared with the effect on the experimental contact eczema of the guinea
      pig. Only methotrexate influences the eczematous reaction. The in vitro and in
      vivo effects are not identical.

PMID- 955229
TI  - [Photosensitization of the skin and fluorescence spectra (author's transl)].
AB  - We have carried out spectrofluorometric determinations of numerous substances
      such as drugs, chemicals and plants in order to find out whether there is a
      correlation between fluorescence data and photosensitization of the skin. A
      hypothesis on the mechanism of photosensitization is discussed and the data on
      the fluorescent properties of some 50 products is given.

PMID- 955230
TI  - Therapy of resistant psoriasis with topical corticosteroids and
      dimethylsulfoxide.
AB  - The sequential application of full-strength dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and potent
      topical corticosteroid preparations was very effective in resistant plaque-type
      psoriasis. Complete clearing may be achieved in 3-4 weeks. Lower strengths of
      DMSO were less beneficial. Irritation from the solvent was effectively controlled
      by corticosteroids and was limited to transient burning or stinging. Resistance
      to topical corticosteroids may be overcome by the concomitant use of DMSO.

PMID- 955231
TI  - Particle size of dexamethasone incorporated in ointment and its behaviour during
      penetration in the stratum corneum of living skin.
AB  - The particle size of dexamethasone was microscopically determined in polarized
      light in two emulsion ointments: a standard water-in-old formula (aqueous wool
      alcohol ointment), and a standard oil-in-water formula (aqueous hydrophilic
      ointment), both containing 0.023% dexamethasone. The distribution of
      dexamethasone was on average smaller and finer in the water-in-oil emulsion than
      in the oil-in-water emulsion. In a further series of experiments we studied by
      means of the adhesive tape-stripping method the proportions of the particle size
      and counted the total number of particles in various layers of the stratum
      corneum in vivo. The difference between the two emulsion types once again proved
      to be significant, but only as far as the epidermal barrier. A new, uniform
      particle size spectrum was formed at this level, having a maximum value of 24
      mum, which, irrespective of the type of ointment, allows a release of the
      desamethasone in the live epidermis and dermis. The original particle size
      distribution is thus qualitatively insignificant in so far as the therapeutic
      effect of dexamethasone below the barrier zone is concerned. Since the particle
      size has a strongly distorted frequency distribution, with amarked shift to the
      left, only about 0.5% of the particles in the w/o emulsion and only about 2% in
      the o/w emulsion are in fact larger than 56mum, the maximum value measured lying
      just below the surface of the horny layer. Any loss during further penetration is
      probably negligible.

PMID- 955232
TI  - In vivo percutaneous penetration of corticoids in man and unresolved problems in
      their efficacy.
AB  - This paper review the percutaneous penetration of corticosteroids in vivo in man
      utilizing urinary excretion of 14C-hydrocortisone as the experimental method. In
      general corticosteroids are only minimally absorbed from most areas of glabrous
      skin. Increasing the amount that penetrates-by use of occlusion-and increasing
      concentration provides the most practical method currently available for
      increasing efficacy in treatment-resistant dermatoses. Some practical research
      problems relevant to topical corticoid efficacy are discussed.

PMID- 955233
TI  - Objective measurement of topically applied corticosteroids.
AB  - The vasoconstriction caused by four topical corticosteroid preparations was
      compared according to subjective ranking and according to measurement by a
      tristimulus colourimeter (Momcolor). The measured results agreed well with visual
      evaluation. The colourimeter was proved to be measuring the degree of
      vasoconstriction. Among the preparations examined, the vasoconstriction effected
      by hydrocortisone 17-butyrate cream (Locoid) and by betamethasone dipropionate
      ointment (Diprosone) was stronger than that exerted by triamcinolone acetonide
      (Ftorocort) and fluocinolone acetonide (Flucinar). With the aid of colourimetric
      measurement of the vasoconstriction, differences could be demonstrated between
      clinically effective topical corticosteroid preparations. An open question
      remains, what the predictive significance is of the objectively measured
      vasoconstriction test, for clinical practice.

PMID- 955234
TI  - Topical and systemic effects of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate.
AB  - In a series of hydrocortisone 17-esters, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (HC-17B) has
      almost optimal lipophilicity resulting in a topical effect comparable to that of
      the fluorinated corticosteroids as measured in the McKenzie test on the human
      skin. In rats its systemic effects are weak, being in the order of those of
      hydrocortisone. In man systemic effects have been demonstrated, but no exact
      comparative. In man systemic effects have been demonstrated, but no exact
      comparative data are available. Important FACTORS controlling the intensity of
      systemic effects are: rate of liberation into plasma from the depot in the horny
      LAYER, RATE of metabolic degradation, and rate of plasma clearance. In rats the
      main factor seems to be rapid clearance from plasma (t 1/2 = 0.5h) by selective
      concentration in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. Rapid
      hydrolysis by esterases in plasma and liver plays an additional role. In man
      hydrolysis by esterases appears to be rather slow; the rate of clearance from
      plasma is still unknown, whereas the absorption from the intact skin into the
      blood seems to be very slow (t 1/2 = 25 h).

PMID- 955235
TI  - Systemic effects and percutaneous absorption of topically applied 0.1%
      hydrocortisone 17-butyrate.
AB  - The systemic effects of topically applied 0.1% hydrocortisone 17-butyrate during
      treatment with and without occlusion were measured in terms of the functions of
      the pituitary-adrenal axis. Corticosteroid levels in the blood were determined by
      the modified method of MURPHY, a competitive protein-binding radioassay.
      Circulating eosinophils were counted and the urinary 17-OHCS and 17-KS excretion
      were also determined. Percutaneous absorption following the topical application
      of 14C hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 1 (HC 17-B, Locoid) was measured by means of
      autoradiography. The application of the corticosteroid to the normal skin without
      occlusion did not induce systemic effects, whilst the application of the drug
      under occlusive dressing showed that systemic effects may possibly be induced.
      The number of circulating eosinophils, corticosteroid levels in the blood and
      urinary 17-OHCS excretion all decreased. However, these values returned to normal
      about 2 days after the withdrawal of the application, so we consider the systemic
      effect induced by the topical corticosteroid to be of a temporary nature. The
      percutaneous absorption of the corticosteroid was proved by an autoradiographic
      technique using 14C-labelled HC 17-B. At various intervals after the application,
      radioactive substances were observed as silver grains in the horny layer of the
      epidermis and skin appendages, and the density of the silver grains gradually
      increased with the course of time. It may be surmised that locally applied HC 17
      B will be retained in the horny layer of the epidermis at a very early stage
      after the application and then absorbed in the blood via the epidermis and skin
      appendages. The reservoir of the corticosteroid in the skin was demonstrated 24 h
      after the withdrawal of the application.

PMID- 955236
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate on the percutaneous absorption of
      antibiotics.
AB  - Abrption of antibiotics from combined preparations containing oxytetracycline,
      chlortetracycline, doxycycline or gentamicin and hydrocortisone 17-butyrate into
      the skin of rats was examined. The penetration of antibiotics from the ointment
      into the skin was inhibited by 0.2% hydrocortisone 17-butyrate to a significant
      degree. It is suggested that this effect of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate is the
      consequence of its vasoconstrictor action.

PMID- 955237
TI  - Penetration of corticosteroids through the skin in relation to the vehicle.
AB  - Results of in vitro studies on the penetration of a corticosteroid hydrocortisone
      17-butyrate (HCN) in relation to the vehicle are reported. When HCB is dissolved
      completely in the vehicle, penetration is enhanced, and only under this condition
      an increase in HCB concentration (in the range 0.05-0.2%) leads to an increase in
      the penetration. Evaluation of the efficiency of various vehicles (an oil/water
      cream, Plastibase or gels) in which HCB was dissolved in propylene glycol or
      ethanol, showed that Plastibase with propylene glycol was the most effective for
      both 0.1 and 0.2% HCB. The results of experiments in which HCB was applied in
      ethanolic solutions suggests that at least initially HCB and ethanol together
      penetrate through the epidermis.

PMID- 955238
TI  - Bioavailability of topical steroids.
AB  - This paper review our modification of the vasoconstrictor (blanching) assay for
      topical corticosteroids using human volunteers, which we have improved and
      extended so that it may be used as a useful screening test for clinical efficacy
      besides being employed to determine the bioavailability of steroids from topical
      bases. Work is reported on the blanching activities of (1) 14 novel steroids in
      ethanol, (2)hydrocortisone 17-butyrate in eight topical vehicles, (3)
      betamethasone 17-benzoate in foam, ointment, cream and gel bases, and (4) 61
      commercial formulations used in Great Britain. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
      relationships are discussed as aids to optimizing topical steroid treatment.

PMID- 955239
TI  - Effects of local corticosteroids in skin infections.
AB  - Glucocorticoids exert valuable therapeutic activities in skin infections,
      although their use is limited by the occurrence of undesiderable effects:
      glucocorticoids depress the local defense mechanisms and in low concentrations,
      stimulate microbiol metabolism. For these reasons, combined preparations
      containing an antimicrobiol substance besides the glucocorticoid are recommended.
      However, interactions between the steroids and the antimicrobiols must be ruled
      out beforehand, i.e. the unimpaired activity of both steroid and antimicrobial
      must be assured. Examples of such investigations are reported for the most widely
      used compounds for topical therapy. The simultaneous use of a glucocorticoid and
      an antimicrobial is not recommended in only a few instances.

PMID- 955240
TI  - Effect of bases and accelerants on the anti-inflammatory activity of topical
      corticosteroids.
AB  - The use of measurement of skin thickness in guinea pigs has been compared with
      other techniques for assessment of topical applications. This method has provided
      us with an accurate evaluation of the corticosteroid dose-response curve and the
      effect of bases. The method has shown that non-steroid prostaglandin synthesis
      inhibitors can also be demonstrated to possess topical anti-inflammatory
      activity. As expected, indomethacin acts synergistically when formulated with
      hydrocortisone. Contrary to our expectation, both salicylic acid and
      acetylsalicylic acid show antagonism with hydrocortisone. This finding may be of
      clinical significance. We have also found that a combination of salicylic acid
      and indomethacin produces striking inflammatory changes in guinea pig skin which
      points to interaction of these two drugs in the guinea pig. The relevance of this
      phenomenon to both the mode of action of the two drugs and their use in clinical
      practice remains to be elucidated, but preliminary tests suggest that similar
      changes take place in human skin.

PMID- 955241
TI  - Vasoconstriction in response to corticosteroids observed in human lips.
AB  - Following epimucous application of corticosteroids on the lips, narrowing and
      shortening of the terminal network of vessels occurs within 5-7 min. The decrease
      in infrared radiation needs a few more minutes. Contrary to the application of
      epinephrine-like substances, the change of the vessels occurs first in the
      superficial layers and only later on in the deeper layers. In addition to the
      effect on the muscles of the vessels, a narrowing of the capillaries can also be
      influenced by the effect of corticosteroids on the endothelial cells. Changes of
      the ground substance of the capillary vessel bed are also a possibility.

PMID- 955242
TI  - Seasonal changes in the reproductive pattern of feral Herpestes auropunctatus
      (Carnivora: Viverridae), in the Fijian Islands.

PMID- 955243
TI  - Dynamics of HRPase absorption in the epithelial cells of the hamster seminal
      vesicles.

PMID- 955244
TI  - Dynamics of steroid uptake in rat testis studied by quantitative autoradiography.
AB  - Localization of radioactive steroids in rat testis was studied by autoradiography
      of tissue section. For autoradiography small tissue samples were frozen, freeze
      dried under vacuum, fixed with osmium vapor and embedded in epon. The transfer of
      radioactive steroids was studied after in vitro perfusion of radioactive steroids
      in the testes isolated from hypophysectomized animals, thereby excluding the
      interference of endogenous steroids. Quantitative autoradiography on the basis of
      grain densities after perfusion of testes with tritiated pregnenolone or
      testosterone, revealed an accumulation of the label in the Leydig cell cytoplasm.
      After longer perfusion periods the amount of label in the seminiferous tubules
      increased and a preferential localization was observed in the basal cytoplasm of
      Sertoli cells and in lipid droplets. Perfusion of testes with estradiol-17 beta
      resulted in a distinctly different pattern of radioactivity in the
      autoradiographs. A high labeling of the Leydig cell nuclei was observed in
      combination with a low general labeling of all the other cell structures. The
      results suggest that different steroids are localized in different specific areas
      of the rat testes in vivo.

PMID- 955245
TI  - Thyroid thermogenesis: minimal contribution of energy requirement for protein
      synthesis.
AB  - Cycloheximide (5.0 mug/ml) had no significant effect on respiration of liver
      slices prepared from euthyroid rats (i.e., QO2 of 15.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 14.9 +/- 0.8
      mul/mg protein) despite an 83.8 +/- 2.1% inhibition of protein synthesis as
      judged by [3H]leucine incorporation into the trichloroacetic acid precipitable
      fraction. Injection of triiodothyronine increased the QO2 of rat liver slices to
      22.6 +/- 1.1 mul/h/mg protein. The QO2 of hyperthyroid slices remained high in
      the presence of cycloheximide although protein synthesis was inhibited by 84.4 +/
      2.0%. These results imply that the energy requirement for protein synthesis
      contributes little to QO2 of euthyroid liver and does not account for a
      significant fraction of the increase in hepatic QO2 obtained in the transition
      from the euthyroid to the hyperthyroid state.

PMID- 955246
TI  - Transport of thyroglobulin and peroxidase in the thyroid follicle cell.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of the protein(s) in the
      exocytotic vesicles in the thyroid follicle cells and to ascertain whether or not
      thyroglobulin and peroxidase are transported by the same vesicles through the
      apical region of the cells to the follicle lumen. The study was performed on rats
      pretreated with thyroxine for 2 days in order to inhibit endocytosis. A fraction
      of exocytotic vesicles was isolated by centrifugation in continuous and
      discontinuous sucrose density gradients. The protein content of the vesicles were
      analysed by electrophoresis in continuous polyacrylamide gradient gels. The
      vesicles contained (uniodinated) thyroglobulin, 12-S protein and thyralbumin.
      Parallel histochemical studies in the electron microscope. These observations
      have important bearings on the mechanisms for thyroglobulin iodination, since it
      has been demonstrated that iodination does not occur in the exocytotic vesicles
      but in connection with the opening of the vesicles at the apical cell surface.

PMID- 955247
TI  - Hormonal control of vitellogenin synthesis in avian liver.
AB  - Estradiol induces the synthesis of vitellogenin in the avian liver. We describe
      the precursor-product relationship between vitellogenin and the yolk proteins
      phosvitin and lipovitellin. The high rate of vitellogenin synthesis is a
      consequence of the accumulation of a stable messenger RNA. We suggest that
      estradiol acts at the level of the genome by opening a hitherto non-transcribed
      gene.

PMID- 955248
TI  - Effect of prolactin on vitamin D metabolism.
AB  - The effect of ovine prolactin on the renal 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1
      hydroxylase was studied in the chick. Prolactin was found to increase the
      activity of this enzyme in both long-term and short-term experiments. In the long
      term, 7 days treatment with prolactin caused a marked stimulation of the 1
      hydroxylase activity, however this effect was only seen when the enzyme was
      assayed 2-3 hours after the final injection of prolactin. A single subcutaneous
      injection of prolactin was also effective in increasing the 1-hydroxylase
      activity, this effect was maximal at one hour and had largely disappeared 3 hours
      after prolactin administration.

PMID- 955249
TI  - Uptake of biogenic amines by thyroid glands.
AB  - The biogenic amines, serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine, activate follicular
      cells and are endogenous thyroid constitutents. Both amines are taken up by
      throid lobes incubated in vitro. Uptake of 5-HT is temperature and concentration
      dependent, is inhibited by chlorimipramine more than by desmethylimipramine, and
      although it is inhibited by norepinephrine, 5-HT uptake is unaffected by chemical
      sympathetomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. Electron microscopic radioautography reveals
      that follicular cells are responsible for uptake of 5-HT and adrenergic nerves
      for uptake of norepinephrine. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that
      biogenic amines are intrathyroidal transmitters acting on follicular cells, and
      that uptake mechanisms may contribute to their inactivation.

PMID- 955250
TI  - RNA synthesis in different stages of rat seminiferous epithelial cycle.
AB  - In vitro RNA synthesis has been analyzed using autoradiographic and
      electrophoretic methods in isolated 1-2 mm segments of rat seminiferous tubules.
      The cellular composition of each segment was accurately identified using
      microscopic analysis of the transillumination pattern of the freshly isolated,
      unstained, seminiferous tubules combined with phase-contrast microscopy of the
      living spermatogenic cells. The RNA synthesized in the seminiferous tubules was
      found to be mostly heterogenous nuclear RNA (HnRNA), which appeared to have a
      long lifetime. It was most actively formed in the stages which contain mid
      pachytene spermatocytes. Formation of rRNA was slow in all stages and it was
      first observed when a 2-h pulse with [3H]uridine was followed by a 6-h chase. A
      very low RNA synthetic rate was observed in the stage containing the meiotic
      reduction divisions. The function of the meiotic RNA in regulation of
      spermiogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 955251
TI  - Induction of avidin in the chick oviduct by tissue damage. Effect of promethazine
      chloride, CaCl2 and hydrocortisone on local induction.
AB  - The local effect of the mechanical induction of avidin by ligature was studied in
      diethylstilbestrol-primed chicks. The highest induction of avidin was always
      found in the immediate vicinity of the silk ligature of the oviduct. The locality
      of the induction was highly dependent on the position of the ligature. The
      nonligated parts of the ligated oviduct also showed a slight avidin induction.
      These results indicate a strictly local effect of avidin induction by ligature.
      An antihistamine, promethazine chloride, has a potentiating effect on the avidin
      induction by ligature when administered after the ligature. On the other hand,
      membrane stabilization by hydrocortisone or CaCl2 did not influence the ligature
      induced avidin synthesis. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the
      avidin induction is not mediated by histamine activation or membrane damage.

PMID- 955252
TI  - Chemical composition of porcine thyroid cell plasma membranes.
AB  - Plasma membranes were isolated from thyroid cells obtained by trypsinization of
      porcine glands and maintained in culture conditions in the presence or absence of
      thyrotropin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The protein, phospholipid, cholesterol and
      sialic acid content of the 3 types of cell plasma membranes were very similar.
      High cholesterol and sialic acid content characterized these membranes. The amino
      acid and carbohydrate composition was similar to that shown for other eukaryotic
      plasma membranes. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      disclosed the presence of more than 20 protein bands, of which six corresponded
      to glycoproteins.

PMID- 955253
TI  - Messenger RNA synthesis, transport, and storage in silkmoth ovarian follicles.

PMID- 955254
TI  - Messenger ribonucleoprotein particles in silkmoth oogenesis.

PMID- 955255
TI  - Turnover of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomes during gametogenesis in
      Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

PMID- 955256
TI  - Alterations in RNA and protein synthesis associated with steroid hormone-induced
      sexual morphogenesis in the water mold Achlya.

PMID- 955257
TI  - Protein metabolism in preimplanted mouse ova.

PMID- 955258
TI  - The fate of the expected fusion zone in rat fetuses with experimentally-induced
      cleft palate - an ultrastructural study.

PMID- 955259
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of the apical ectodermal ridge during vertebrate limb
      morphogenesis. 1. the human forelimb with special reference to gap junctions.

PMID- 955260
TI  - Structure and development of antennae in a moth, Manduca sexta.

PMID- 955261
TI  - Origin and morphogenesis of sensory neurons in an insect antenna.

PMID- 955262
TI  - Yolk sac-derived rat teratomas are not of germ cell origin.

PMID- 955263
TI  - Changes of soluble protein populations during organogenesis of mouse embryos as
      revealed by protein mapping.

PMID- 955264
TI  - Possibilities of immunization against cholera and related enterotoxic
      enteropathies.
AB  - Scientifically controlled field studies have established that parenterally
      administered killed vibrio vaccines or somatic antigen preparations offer only
      limited degrees of protection in certain population groups and have  made it
      obvious that new approaches to the immunoprophylaxis of cholera are needed. It
      has now also been established that the symptoms of cholera result from the action
      of the cholera enterotoxin (choleragen) on the epithelial cells of the small
      intestine.  Immulogically related enterotoxins have been incriminated in other
      newly recognized diarrheal diseases (e.g., those caused by Escherichia coli and
      "non-agglutinable" (NAG)vibrios). Additionally, volunteer studies have shown that
      induced cholera results in rather solid and lasting immunity against homologous
      re-challenge thus proving that immunity against cholera is feasible. Although
      numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of purely antitoxic immunity in
      experimental animal models, the protective effect of parenterally administered
      glutaraldehyde treated toxoid in man has shown to be limited, at best. The
      protection attained following an attack of cholera suggests that local immune 
      mechanism may be of predominant importance. Immunity has  been stimulated,
      experimentally in mice, by toxin antigen administered per os on a single
      occasion. Choleragenoid, which is non-toxic but binds to the same receptors as
      cholera toxin, has been shown to provide immediate resistance as well as later
      immunity to toxin challenge. More ideal, however, would be a colonizing mutant of
      V. cholerae which elaborates a non-toxic cross-reactive material (CRM) like
      choleragenoid and which could stimulate local antitoxic as well as anti-vibrio
      immune mechanisms. A tox-mutant of V. cholerae which is avirulent for man has
      been shown to elicit substantial immunity in man but the ideal CRM-mutant has yet
      to be found.

PMID- 955265
TI  - Influenza.
AB  - The author reminds us of the significance of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, as
      well as their respective antibodies, in the development of influenza in man and
      other organisms. These factors are certainly not the only ones responsible for
      clinical symptomatology. The value of killed or attenuated virus vaccines is then
      discussed, together with the application of the viruses at the portal of entry,
      antigenic recombinants and particularly the elaboration of a "master strain" of
      virus (for example "Alice", WRL 105). Particular attention is devoted to the ts
      mutants, their genetic stability, transmissibility and protecting power against
      wild strains. The virus which Chanock and his associates have developed during
      the last few years offers considerable advantages; nevertheless continued
      research by several teams is suggested in order to improve still further the
      qualities of this virus.

PMID- 955266
TI  - Pathogenicity, immunogenicity and genetic stability in mice and ferrets of a cold
      inhibitor-resistant mutant of influenza H3N2 virus.
AB  - A cold inhibitor-resistant mutant was derived from MRC-2 virus by means of serial
      passages in the presence of rabbit serum and at gradually decreasing
      temperatures. This virus, denoted MRC-2 IRc, grew well at both 26 and 37 degree
      C. The pathogenicity and immunogenicity of the virus was examined in mice and
      ferrets. No clinical reactions were detected in either species. Both mice and
      ferrets developed high levels of hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase
      inhibition antibodies. The virus was reisolated from the lungs of intranasally
      inoculated mice; in ferrets it was recovered from nasal washing and trachea but
      not from lungs. The properties of the isolated viruses were examined. The viruses
      reisolated from mice lost their reproductive capacity at 26 degree C and were
      less resistant to inhibitors than the original virus. The virus isolated from the
      ferret nose was identical with the original virus, however the tracheal isolate
      exhibited a certain degree of reversion in both the markers tested.

PMID- 955267
TI  - Preparation and characterization of live recombinant influenza vaccine.
AB  - Strain WRL 105 was prepared by recombination between the A/Finland/4/74 (H3N2)
      and attenuated A/Okuda/57 (H2N2) strains by a method previously described. A
      single intranasal dose of WRL 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine was
      administered to volunteers at three dose levels and homologous serum antibody
      titres and virus excretion were monitored. Doses greater than 10(6.3)EID50 gave 4
      fold or greater increases in antibody titre in 80% of seronegative volunteers.

PMID- 955268
TI  - Recombination of influenza A virus strains: effect on pathogenicity.
AB  - Influenza viruses can recombine genetic information, and progeny virus can be
      selected for desired genetic traits. A newly isolated strain can develop the
      ability to grow to higher titer in embryonated eggs by acquiring this trait from
      the AOPR8(HON1) strain, and can be selected by the terminal dilution technique
      and by treatment with anti-HON1 antisera. In addition to acquiring the ability to
      grow to high titer, surface antigens  may also be transferred, and the progeny
      can be selected by immunologic methods. It appeared likely that other genes,
      including those coding for virulence or attenuation might also be exchanged
      during the recombination procedure. We explored this  question by infecting mice
      with recent strains of H3N2 influenza virus, and with some of their progeny which
      had been selected for high virus yields from eggs, after recombination with the
      AOPR8(HON1) virus, a strain known to be virulent for mice. Influenza (H3N2) virus
      strains A/Scotland, A/Port Chalmers and A/England which  were isolated and
      passaged in embryonated eggs did not cause death when administered intranasally
      to three-week-old Swiss mice; however, after recombination with the A/PR8(HON1)
      virus, these viruses become lethal in mice. This acquisition of virulence appears
      to be secondary to exchange of genetic information from the parent AOPR8 virus.
      Virus isolated from  mice infected with these recombinants is antigenically H3N2,
      the mice develop anti-H3N2 antibodies.

PMID- 955269
TI  - Response of ferrets  to infection with a live attenuated influenza virus and to
      subsequent heterologous challenge.
AB  - Groups of three ferrets were inoculated with a live influenza vaccine ("Alice"
      strain) and the degree of protection afforded against a challenge inoculation was
      measured by several parameters. After vaccination, virus excretion was studied
      and the genetic characteristics of the virus isolates were investigated. After 5
      8 weeks, the challenge inoculations were  performed with antigenic drifts of the
      H3N2 virus: A/Dunedin/4/73  (Port-Chalmers-like), A/England/635/74 and
      A/Scotland/840/74. The following parameters of infection were evaluated:
      temperature rises, clinical symptoms, viral excretion, serological responses and
      increases in the nasal protein contents (Potter et. al(1972). Immunity to
      influenza in ferrets. I. Response to live and killed virus.  Brit. J. Exp. Path.,
      53, 153-167.) A very high degree of protection was observed in the immunized
      animals.

PMID- 955270
TI  - Intranasal versus subcutaneous rubella vaccination in schoolgirls.
AB  - In this study a venous blood specimen was drawn and, at the same time, rubella
      vaccine was given to 1906 schoolgirls mostly in the pre-pubertal age. To assess
      the pre-vaccination immune status and the effect of the vaccine, a  second  blood
      sample was taken 6 weeks later and tested for rubella HAI antibody simultaneously
      with the first one. RA 27/3 rubella vaccine administered by intranasal route to
      81 girls produced a 100% seroconversion rate and the same vaccine strain, given
      by subcutaneous route to 460 girls,  produced a 94.73% seroconversion rate. Among
      the 1, 365 schoolgirls who received subcutaneous Cendehill vaccine, the
      seroconversion rate was 86.68%. Side effects were mild and transient and
      occurred, as headache, most frequently among the girls who received RA 27/3
      vaccine by intranasal route.

PMID- 955271
TI  - Dry aerosol vaccination against Newcastle disease. I. Safety and activity
      controls on chickens.
AB  - A new technic or immunization against Newcastle disease in chicken was developed:
      this method  consists of dispersing lyophilized products by aerosols. One to
      fourteen day old chickens, with and without parental antibodies, were vaccinated
      with increasing amounts (10(-1) to 10(5)EID50) of HB1 and LaSota attenuated
      viruses. 10(4)EID50, inhaled theoretical dose, gave better results when the
      animals were challenged with the virulent strain. Under laboratory conditions, no
      respiratory problems  occurred in vaccinated animals; but there is 10 to 20%
      mortality among animals treated by aerosols in poultry houses, because of
      respiratory diseases developed after vaccination.

PMID- 955272
TI  - Research and development of unconventional systems for immunization.
AB  - The problems raised by the ever expanding world population justify the work of
      USAID (U.S. Agency for International Development). Continual efforts must be made
      to develop and efficiently operate methods of control of the microbial and
      parasitic infections which menace our sources of protein. This programme includes
      immunization, technical methods in bacterial and viral genetics to obtain
      attenuated strains, and improvements in production, preservation and distribution
      of preparations. An example of  an unconventional but promising system of
      application is the pilot study recently begun in the Missouri-Mississippi River
      region.

PMID- 955273
TI  - Dry aerosol vaccination against Newcastle disease: II. Serological response in
      chicks.
AB  - Day-old chickens with Newcastle disease maternal antibodies are separated in two
      batches. One batch (S) is vaccinated by liquid spray method with HB1 strain: the
      other one (NS) is not vaccinated. At 2, 3 or 4 weeks subgroups from S and NS
      batches are vaccinated with HB1 strain by dry aerosol method. Serological
      controls reveal an important increase of Newcastle antibodies within two weeks
      after dry aerosol vaccination. Then a drop of the antibody quantities is observed
      during weeks 2 to 4 post dry aerosol vaccination. In the following weeks, the
      antibody level increases very slowly.

PMID- 955274
TI  - Aerosol administration of Newcastle disease vaccines at one day of age.
AB  - Newcastle disease vaccines were administered at one day of age by 3 general
      procedures: 1) discharge of a vaccine aerosol over chicks confined in an enclosed
      space, 2) aerosol adminstration in a poultry house, 3) a commercial device which
      emits a fine spray into the nasopharynx while the chick is being debeaked. From
      this work the following conclusions have been drawn: 1) All 3 methods are of some
      value with respect to the development of antibody titers and resistance to
      challenge. 2) The efficacy is universely proportional to the maternal antibody
      titer. 3) Aerosol vaccination into an enclosed air space is superior to the other
      methods tested. 4) Day-old vaccination is useful primarily in conferring some
      early resistance until a subsequent aerosol vaccination at 9-14 days of age
      confers additional protection. Other important factors include strain of vaccine,
      vaccine titer, the nature of the diluent, and site of the aerolized particles.

PMID- 955275
TI  - Studies on vaccination against Newcastle disease with the "Komarov" strain of
      virus by the drinking water.
AB  - After a brief reference to the ordinary use of the "Komarov" mesogenic vaccinal
      strain of Newcastle disease virus for the secondary  vaccination of domestic
      fowls, the authors deal with laboratory experiments conducted to ascertain that
      this strain can be used for the same purpose by the drinking  water method. Three
      groups of chickens 45 days old previously vaccinated with LaSota strain in the
      drinking water at 20 days old, were revaccinated with the normal dose by the
      "Komarov" strain, as follows: a) intramuscularly, b) by the drinking water and c)
      per os. A fourth group was left as negative control. To investigate the effect of
      the revaccination by the two different routes of administration, the
      hemagglutination-inhibition test was used. The results of these tests are finally
      compared and discussed.

PMID- 955276
TI  - Antibodies in blood and secretions of chickens immunized parenterally and locally
      with killed Newcastle disease virus vaccine.
AB  - In mammals the antibody activity in secretions is associated with the secretory
      IgA. This unique immunoglobulin plays a major role in immunity against infectious
      diseases of the alimentary and the respiratory tracts. We found a similar system
      of local immunity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the fowl. Airway
      washings and bile globulins of chickens were examined by immunodiffusion and
      immunoelectrophoretic methods. No antigenic differences were found between the
      serum IgA  and the secretory IgA of airway washings and of bile. The chicken IgA
      differs from mammalian IgA by lacking secretory component. Antibodies in the
      airway washings and in tears of chickens immunized by aerosol ir i.m. NDV vaccine
      (attenuated or inactive) were compared to serum antibodies produced by similar
      methods of administration. HI antibodies in secretions reached higher levels
      after aerosol vaccination than after i.m. administration, whereas in serum the
      situation was reversed. The antibody activity in airway washings and in tears is
      associated with IgA, while in serum the main antibody is IgG.

PMID- 955277
TI  - Vaccination at the portal of entry of infectious agents.

PMID- 955278
TI  - An interim report on the work of the Avian Products Standardization Committee.
AB  - This Committee was established during the course of the IABS International
      Symposium on Requirements for Poultry Virus Vaccines held in conjunction with the
      Foundation Merieux at Lyon, France, from 28-30 August, 1973. The sub-committees
      appointed by this Committee have now submitted resports of their individual
      activities and it is the purpose of this communication to present in summary form
      the work which they have so far accomplished.

PMID- 955279
TI  - The oral rabies immunization of foxes and dogs with sausage baits.
AB  - Foxes wer immunized orally with an attenuated rabies vaccine, ERA, grown on BHK
      cells. The liquid vaccine was placed in plastic straws, which in turn were
      incorporated into smoked sausage baits, acceptable to and readily ingested by the
      animals. When the baits were bitten and the meat swallowed, an oral immunizing
      dose of vaccine resulted in circulating antibody titers in foxes (and dogs); the
      animals with antibody resisted a "street" rabies virus challenge that killed
      unvaccinated controls. The immunization was strictly lingual and buccal, and
      foxes with interrupted esophagi developed antibody only if the vaccine was
      deposited in the mouth, while those given a similar dose in the ventral
      esophagostomy opening (below the interruption and close to the stomach) failed to
      develop antibody. A casein hydrolysate derivative resulted in such stabilization
      of the liquid that even when baits were held at 35 degree C for 3 days, similar
      to extreme field conditions, an immunizing titer for foxes (greater than or equal
      to 10(4.5)LD50) was still maintained.

PMID- 955280
TI  - Experiments with a model of aerosol immunization of mice and swine against
      Erysipelothrix insidiosa (E. i.).
AB  - Whole antigens  as well as antigen fractions from E.i. were tested as aerosol
      vaccines. The aerosol produced by a jet nebulizer (Pari, Standard 088) with a
      capacity of 15 1 air per min and about 10g vaccine per hour was tested by size
      measuring of the aerosol particles and bacteriological evidence of E.i. in lung
      tissue. The main concern of the studies was to test the immunogenicity for
      laboratory animals which were exposed to the vaccines in a modified Henderson
      apparatus or in boxes of 30 1 respectively. Vaccination trials with conventional
      mice and piglets did not produce 100% protection against challenge infection by
      aerosol or subcutaneous route. Experiments with gnotobiotic piglets resulted in
      sufficient immunity against aerosol challenge with 100 LD50  when aerosols with
      living avirulent bacteria (strain B 10) were applied three times for one hour or
      once during three hours. A commercial vaccine from lyzed bacteria immunized only
      when aerosols were applied three times for three hours. For further immunological
      evaluation the sera of piglets were tested by means of an indirect fluorescent
      technique and by other serological methods.

PMID- 955281
TI  - Oral immunization against tetanus.
AB  - Model experiments in mice were used for the investigation of oral immunization
      against tetanus. The efficacy of oral tetanus toxoid application was tested by
      subcutaneous challenge (10 LD50 tetanus toxin) and antitoxin determination by L+
      method. Reasonable protection could only be achieved when toxoid was in intensive
      contact with the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, whereas immunization by way
      of the gastrointestinal tract failed completely. After a single oral vaccination
      with 200 Lf fluid tetanus toxoid onto mucous membranes of the oral  cavity the
      efficiency index was 75.  A 100% protection was obtained in challenge after 3
      applications of 200 Lf toxoid. In comparison, a single subcutaneous dose of 2 Lf
      tetanus toxoid resulted in an efficiency index of 100 and a  single intranasal
      immunization with 100 Lf in an efficiency index of 93. Development of immunity
      after oral immunization was much accelerated if compared with parenteral
      immunization. 20% of the orally treated animals were immune  5 days after
      vaccination. After the same period subcutaneously treated animals had failed to
      develop any protection at all. Antitoxin titers after one oral vaccination (200
      Lf) were similar to the ones after one subcutaneous dose (2 Lf). A distinct
      increase in antitoxin titers could only be observed when revaccination was done
      subcutaneously. The results obtained with mice apply analogically to guinea pigs.

PMID- 955282
TI  - Active avoidance and brain DNA after postnatal food deprivation in rats.
AB  - Fond deprivation was produced in infant rats, from 2 to 20 days of age, by a
      procedure designed to minimize reduction in maternal care. Body weights in the
      deprived animals were 60% of control weights at 7 days, 65% at 20 days, and,
      after ad lib feeding, 89% at 4 months. No change was observed in the rate of
      acquistion of a conditioned active avoidance response in the food-deprived rats
      when compared with their littermate controls when tested as adults. No lasting
      reduction in cerebral desoxynucleic acid (DNA) was observed despote a 9%
      reduction in cerebellar DNA.

PMID- 955283
TI  - Depth perception after infant and adult visual neocortical lesions in light- and
      dark-reared rats.
AB  - In 2 experiments the behavior of light- and dark-reared infant- and adult
      operated striate rats were compared at 20-160 days of age on a visual cliff
      apparatus in which the depth of the deep side could be varied. Differential depth
      thresholds revealed that depth discriminative ability did not develop normally
      following removal of the striate cortex in infancy. Further, infant-operates who
      were reared in darkness following their operations performed less well than their
      light-reared, infant-operated counterparts. The infant-operated animals,
      regardless of their postoperative rearing condition, performed significantly
      better than did adult-operated animals after comparable post-operative recovery
      periods and testing. The results are discussed in terms of further specification
      of the role played by age of operation and by the interaction between visual
      experience and age of operation.

PMID- 955284
TI  - Effects of differential cue availability in an active avoidance CS for young and
      adult rats.
AB  - In Experiment I, groups of 22-and 140+-day rats were trained in acquisition and
      extinction of 1-way avoidance with a CS that consisted of the opening of a
      guilotine door 5 sec before US onset or a combination of door-opening plus a
      tonal signal that remained on until the occurrence of the motor response. Under
      both CS conditions, avoidance acquistion was similar at each age level. The
      extinction date indicated comparable performance for the young subjects but
      differential performance and greater resistance to extinction for the adult
      subjects. Adults trained with the door-opening CS persisted in responding for an
      entire series of 100 extinction trials, whereas the adults trained with the
      compound CS extinguished well within the 100-trial, whereas the adults trained
      with the compound CS extinguished well within the 100-trial limit. A 2nd
      experiment included 10 pre-exposures of the simple or compound CS's prior to
      avoidance training. Although the pups were insensitive to pre-exposure effects,
      the adults that were pre-exposed and trained with identical CS's showed evidence
      of pre-exposure effects. Results of both experiments were interpreted as
      indicative of differential cue saliency between ages.

PMID- 955285
TI  - Scopolamine's effect on passive avoidance behavior in immature rats.
AB  - Male albion rats ranging in age from 15-30 days were injected with either
      scopolamine hydorbromide or saline, prior to training and retention testing on a
      black-white passive avoidance (PA) task. Pretraining administration of a 1.0
      mg/kg dose of scopolamine significantly increased the median number of trails to
      criterion for 18-, 21-, and 30-day-old rat pups when compared with their saline
      controls. Fifteen-day-olds showed drug-related PA deficits when a 2.0-mg/kg dose
      was given. Retention data reflect characteristic age-dependent memory loss over
      the 1-week acquistionretention period with no apparent state-dependent effects.
      The data suggest the presence of cholinergic inhibitory mediation of PA
      responding in preweanling and postweanling pups.

PMID- 955286
TI  - The influence of early auditory experience on later auditory and tactual
      variation seeking in the rat.
AB  - Albino rats were raised under 1 of 4 conditions of auditory stimulation from 22
      35 days of age. At 40 days, preferences for auditory and tactual variation were
      assessed in separate runway tests. Results were analyzed in a split-plot design
      for each of 2 measures of variation seeking. Subjects experiencing more-variable
      early stimulation scored higher than subjects receiving less-variable stimulation
      on 1 measure of variation-seeking and lower on the 2nd measure. The effect was
      intermodal since these results were obtained for tactual as well as auditory
      variation seeking.

PMID- 955287
TI  - A comparison of live and videorecord viewing of infant behavior under sound
      stimulation. III. Six-month-old babies.
AB  - Ten clinically normal 6-month-old infants were presented with a series of sound
      stimuli while their behavior was simultaneously videotaperecorded and assessed
      live by 2 sound-masked observers. Two weeks later the same observers assessed the
      behavior from the videorecords. In both situations observers were permitted to
      see the babies for 13 sec at each trial. The first 5 sec formed a prestimulus
      observation period and the following 8 sec possibly contained a sound stimulus.
      Between trials the observers were allowed 20 sec in which to not (1) prestimulus
      activity, (2) confidence in response, and (3) facial, digit, and limb movements
      and "wholistic"impressions (e.g., "stilling"). The agreement between the live and
      video situations was modest for prestimulus activity and confidence in response,
      and fair to good for movement item. The outcome was rather similar to that of our
      earlier work on neonates and 6-week infants, although it did suggest a small loss
      of information with the videorecording of 6-month infants.

PMID- 955288
TI  - The stability and interrelationships of newborn sucking and heart rate.
AB  - The sucking behavior of 44 newborns was recorded along with heart rate (HR) and
      respiration. These 3 systems showed stability over a 24-hr period. Sucking
      parameters varied markedly depending upon whether the infant was sucking for
      sucrose or under a no-fluid condition. Moreover, HR was strikingly affected by
      sweetness. The direction of HR change was toward increasing rates when sucking
      for sweet, even though sucking for sweet substances occurs more slowly than for
      no fluid.

PMID- 955289
TI  - Position reversal deficit in young ferrets.
AB  - Young ferrets (6 and 10 weeks old at the start of the experiments) were compared
      to adult ferrets on learning (1) a Lashley III maze, (2) a left-right
      discrimination in T-maze with identical choice arms, and (3) a reversal of the
      left-right discrimination. The young were not inferior to the adults in learning
      either the Lashley III maze or the initial discrimination in the T-maze. However,
      the young were markedly (and significantly) inferior to the adults in learning to
      reverse.

PMID- 955290
TI  - Behavioral development in three hamster species.
AB  - The preweaning behavioral development was compared in 3 hamster species: the
      golden (Mesocricetus auratus), Chinese (Cricetulus griseus), and Djungarian
      (Phodopus sungorus). Differences in the age of appearance of action patterns
      could not be summarized by simply ranking species on either precocity or
      developmental speed, nor were they eliminated by measuring age from conception.
      Problems in the interpretation of species differences in the age of appearance of
      action patterns are discussed.

PMID- 955291
TI  - The effect of reinstatement stimulus conditions on the maintenance of long-term
      memory.
AB  - Weanling rats trained on an appetitive SDSdelta discrimination were subsequently
      exposed to different components of the training stimulus for 15 min each week for
      10 successive weeks. On the week following the final stimulus exposure retention
      was measured by a 2-hr relearning test. Those subjects exposed to all acquisition
      cues (SDSdelta with reinforcement), as well as those exposed to Sdelta conditions
      alone, demonstrated enhanced retention relative to a control group receiving no
      reinstatement experience. All other exposure conditions including presentation of
      SD with reinforecement were either ineffective or impaired retention.

PMID- 955292
TI  - Motor reactions during the antenatal period correlated with the periodic change
      in the activity of the cardiovascular system.
AB  - A connection between the periodic appearance of vagal bradycardia and of
      intrauterine large-amplitude respiratory movements, as well as the appearance of
      generalized jerky-type and more sustained extensor motor reactions, has been
      established in experiments on dog fetuses connected with the mother through the
      umbilical cord. Brief vagal bradycardia also arises immediately after completion
      of these reactions and is an analogue of the vagal phase in adults after motor
      activity. These correlated phenomena are caused by periodic reversible mild
      hypoxemia which through the chemoreceptors of the sinocarotid zone stimulates the
      centers of vagal innervation of the heart and the centers of innervation of
      skeletal muscles. These phenomena disappear when the mother inhales a gas mixture
      containing less than 14-15% oxygen or greater than 50-60% oxygen, as well as when
      the mother is under deep anesthesia.

PMID- 955293
TI  - Stability of motor OR and heart rate habituation rates of infancy.
AB  - The stability of the OR habituation rate as an individual difference trait was
      investigated in 2 studies. The 1st focused on motor OR's to auditory stimuli at 3
      ages within the 1st month of life, and the 2nd examined the HR responses to
      auditory stimuli at 4 and 8 months. The results indicate that motor OR's did not
      differ significantly with age and were moderately stable across ages. The
      stability decreased with age across consecutive days but increased across
      consecutive weeks. The cross-age correlation for HR responses was moderate. The
      results were compared with similar findings on other parameters of the OR.

PMID- 955294
TI  - Effects of pre- and postnatal litter size reduction on development and behavior
      of rat offspring.
AB  - Litter size was reduced to 2-5 rat pups either prenatally by unilateral maternal
      oviduct ligation (Group PRN) or postnatally by removing pups (Group PST). Normal
      size litters (8-10 pups) of sham ligated (SHM) and intact (CON) mothers served as
      controls. Weights at 30 days were increased by prenatal or postnatal reduction
      and reduced by prenatal stress (SHM); the sex difference in weight was most
      pronounced in PRN rats. At 75 days PRN rats were heaviest, with no differences
      between the other groups. Relative ovarian weights were reduced in PRN females
      and absolute testes weights increased in PST males. The PRN and SHM females had
      smaller relative adrenal weights than CON and PST females. Open-field activity
      was generally increased by prior avoidance conditioning and effects of treatments
      were found only in groups tested after avoidance-conditioning: PRN and SHM rats
      were more active than PST and CON rats, particularly on Days 1 (SHM) and 4 (SHM
      and PRN) of testing. Passive-avoidance behavior of PRN rats was also more
      susceptible to previous test experience: they emerged more slowly if they had
      prior open-field experience. The PST animals, in contrast, emerged more rapidly
      after prior test experience. Plasma corticosterone levels and shuttlebox
      conditioning and extinction were unaffected by treatments.

PMID- 955295
TI  - Escape learning in infant mice as a function of drive level and drive shifts
      during acquisition.
AB  - Separate groups of 9-day-old Swiss-Webster mice began straight-alley escape
      training at .1 or .4 mA. After 12 trials, half of the mice in each group were
      shifted to .4 or .1 mA, respectively, whereas the remaining half continued at
      their original level for an additional 12 trials. Twenty-four hours later, half
      of each of the 4 shock-level groups were retested at .1 mA, half at .4 mA. The
      results indicated that those groups which made a large number of competing
      responses during early trials and showed a gradual reduction over training trials
      (.1-.1 and .1-.4) emitted the fewest number during retest at either shock level.
      In contrast, those groups with either limited (.4-.1) or no (.4-.4) opportunity
      to decrease competing responses during training showed evidence of poor (.4-.1)
      and no (.4-.4) retention of learned inhibition of that response. Running speed
      was clearly a performance measure, as it only reflected existing shock levels
      during both training and retention trials.

PMID- 955296
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism and capillary basement-membrane thickness in children. I.
      cross-sectional studies.
AB  - Thirty-nine children from three to 16 years of age were included in this study.
      Nineteen were diabetics, seven were "suspected" diabetics (with evidence of
      glucose intolerance but without repeated fasting hyperglycemia), and 13 were
      controls. Mean glucose disappearance rates (K) during intravenous glucose
      tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were 2.19 for the controls, 1.23 for the suspected
      diabetics, and 0.70 for 14 diabetics tested; the differences were statistically
      significant. Diabetics had the smallest and suspected diabetics the greatest
      plasma insulin responses during IVGTTs. Fasting plasma growth hormone (GH) varied
      widely. GH generally decreased or remained unchanged during IVGTTs, but two
      diabetics exhibited slight increases and two sustpected diabetics pronounced
      increases. Basement-membrane thickness (BMT) was examined in 42 quadriceps
      femoris needle biopsies. Average BMT (ABMT) and minimum BMT (MBMT) correlated
      well (r = 0.91). BMT did not correlate well with age or, in the diabetics, with
      duration of clinical disease. Diabetics had the greatest and controls the least
      mean ABMT and MBMT, but the differences were not statistically significant. High
      values (those exceeding mean control values by more than two standard deviations)
      were much more common among the suspected diabetics and the diabetics. One of 13
      controls, three of six suspected diabetics, and six of 19 diabetics had high ABMT
      values; two suspected diabetics and five diabetics had high MBMT values.
      Correlations between BMT and K were negative for the most part, but correlation
      coefficients were small. Serial studies in four of the children suggest that BMT
      and glucose tolerance tend to change in opposite directions.

PMID- 955297
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism and capillary basement-membrane thickness in children.
      II. Longitudinal studies.
AB  - Longitudinal biochemical and histologic studies were carried out in 11 children
      receiving oral hypoglycemic agents. There were five "suspected" diabetics (with
      evidence of glucose intolerance but without repeated fasting hyperglycemia) and
      six diabetics. Mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values showed no significant
      change during treatment with phenformin alone. The mean FPG decreased
      significantly within six to 10 weeks after addition of tolazamide to the regimen,
      but the decrease was not sustained during long-term observation (seven months to
      four years). Glucose disappearance rate (K) generally increased as FPG decreased,
      but the number of observations was smaller, and mean values showed no significant
      change. Mean values for fasting plasma insulin and for peak insulin response to
      intravenously administered glucose did not change significantly. Changes in
      capillary basement membrane thickness (BMT) were found to be statistically
      significant in a number of individual instances. Decreasing BMTs were associated
      with increasing Ks and vice versa. A similar trend was apparent among other
      patients, in whom individual changes in BMT were not statistically significant.
      The pooled data were therefore subjected to chi-square analysis; K and average
      BMT were found to change in opposite directions (P less than 0.001); a similar
      relationship held for K and minimum BMT (P less than 0.05). But K and BMT did not
      correlate well as regards magnitude of change. Influences of phenformin and
      tolazamide on these changes could not be evaluated. Both BMT and K may be
      influenced by many complex variables, but the present findings indicate that
      glucose tolerance and BMT have a close interdependence.

PMID- 955298
TI  - Locating the site(s) of insulin resistance in patients with nonketotic diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Insulin resistance and the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose
      production and to increas efficiency of glucose uptake were determined in 24
      nonobese individuals: eight subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance, eight
      patients with chemical diabetes, and eight nonketotic patients with fasting
      hyperglycemia (greater than 150 mg. per cent). Insulin resistance was estimated
      by measuring the steady-state plasma glucose response to a continuous infusion of
      insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. This approach permits us to
      inhibit levels of exogenous insulin, and use the height of the steady-state
      plasma glucose response as a direct estimate of insulin resistance. The ability
      of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increase efficiency of
      glucose uptake was calculated from the results of two studies in which a
      continuous infusion of 3H-2-glucose was used to measure glucose turnover rate.
      The first study was performed after an overnight fast, under conditions of basal
      insulin levels, while the second was conducted during the infusion of insulin,
      glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. Hepatic glucose production is equal to
      glucose turnover rate during the basal study and is equal to glucose turnover
      rate minus the infusion rate of cold glucose during the second study. Glucose
      uptake in both studies is equal to glucose turnover rate minus urinary glucose
      loss, and the efficiency of glucose uptake is calculated by dividing glucose
      uptake by the plasma glucose pool size. The mean (+/- S.E.) steady-state plasma
      glucose response was 113 +/- 9 mg. per cent in normal subjects, 205 +/- 14 mg.
      per cent in chemical diabetics, and 346 +/- 30 mg. per cent in patients with
      fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, insulin resistance exists in monoketotic diabetes,
      and the greater the degree of glucose intolerance, the greater the insulin
      resistance. The resistance to the insulin infusion in patients with chemical
      diabetes seemed to be mainly a function of the inability of insulin to increase
      efficiency of glucose uptake, since insulin did retain its ability to inhibit
      glucose production (although not to normal levels). In contrast, the infusion of
      insulin neither inhibited hepatic glucose production nor increased efficienty of
      glucose uptake in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, the insulin
      resistance that exists in patients with nonketotic diabetes cannot be considered
      to be a global phenomenon. Significant differences exist in the responsiveness of
      various tissues to the two general aspects of insulin's action on glucose
      homeostasis, and these differences provide a physiologic basis for the variations
      in degree of over-all insulin resistance that are present in the three groups of
      subjects.

PMID- 955299
TI  - Nodular intercapillary glomeruloscerosis in diabetes secondary to chronic
      calcific pancreatitis.
AB  - Nodular (specific) intercapillary glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson) was
      found at autopsy in a 47-year-old man who had been diabetic for 20 years. The
      family history for this disease had been negative. Both the clinical course and
      the autopsy findings strongly suggest that this patient's diabetes was secondary
      to chronic fibrocalcific pancreatitis. This is only the fourth recorded case of
      histologically documented nodular glomerulosclerosis occurring in a patient with
      pancreatogenic diabetes.

PMID- 955300
TI  - Is cigarette smoking more frequent among insulin-treated diabetics?
AB  - During epidemiologic investigations of vascular complications of diabetes in
      Warsaw the habit of cigarette smoking was analyzed in the subjects studied (4,530
      diabetics). It was found that in the group of diabetics the number of ex-smokers
      was much greater (p less than 0.01) and that of present smokers lower (p less tan
      0.01) than in a representative sample of the Warsaw population. Furthermore, it
      was observed that in the subgroup of insulin-treated diabetics the number of
      smokers was highest and the number of ex-smokers and nonsmokers was lowest in
      relations to other treatment subgroups.

PMID- 955301
TI  - Plasma glucose and insulin responses to orally administered simple and complex
      carbohydrates.
AB  - We have studied the effects of glucose, sucrose, and various starches on
      postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses in 19 subjects. All
      carbohydrate loads were calculated to contain 50 gm. of glucose, and the response
      to each carbohydrate was tested twice: when given alone in a drink or when given
      in combination with other nutrients as a meal. The data demonstrate: (1) Glucose
      and sucrose elicited similar plasma glucose response curves, but sucrose elicited
      a somewhat greater (20 per cent) plasma insulin response. (2) Raw starch
      ingestion resulted in a 44 per cent lower glucose response and a 35-65 per cent
      lower insulin response than did either glucose or sucrose ingestion. (3) When
      carbohydrate was given as a meal the plasma glucose responses were 40-60 per cent
      lower than when the same carbohydrate was given as a drink, while the insulin
      responses were generally similar, and (4) when different cooked starches were
      compared, the plasma glucose and insulin responses to rice were significantly
      lower (50 per cent) than to potato. In conclusion, the size of the carbohydrate
      molecule appears to influence the postprandial glucose and insulin responses such
      that more complex carbohydrates (starches) elicit lower responses. This effect
      may be related to differences in digestion rather than to differences in
      absorption.

PMID- 955302
TI  - Total cardiac denervation in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - Total loss of the autonomic regulation of heart rate is described in a 28-year
      old diabetic with extensive autonomic neuropathy. The patient had an almost fixed
      heart rate that barely responded to any of the tests that stimulate or inhibit
      the autonomic nerves. Its behavior was similar to that of the transplanted heart.

PMID- 955303
TI  - Effect of ethanol on the glucose-mediated insulin release in triply catheterized
      anesthetized pigs.
AB  - In order to further elucidate the potentiating effect of ethanol on the glucose
      mediated insulin response, triply catheterized anesthetized pigs were submitted
      to an intravenous glucose infusion test after a four-hour preinfusion with
      ethanol (11 pigs) or saline (six pigs, control experiment). During the tests
      portal, hepatic, and peripheral venous blood was drawn simultaneously. Two series
      of ethanol-preinfusion experiments were carried out: in one series the serum
      ethanol concentration was maintained at approximately 10 mM and in the other at
      19 mM. Compared with saline, 10 mM of serum ethanol induced a more than threefold
      increment in the insulin secretory response to glucose as estimated in the portal
      blood (p less than 0.01). Likewise, hepatic and peripheral venous blood insulin
      levels were enhanced (p less than 0.01). In contrast, 19 mM of serum ethanol did
      not elevate serum insulin levels above those found in the control experiments.
      When individual incremental portal insulin areas were plotted against the
      corresponding average value of serum ethanol in the preinfusion period, a
      significant inverse relationship was found (p less than 0.02), indicating a
      decrease in the potentiating effect of ethanol on the glucose-mediated insulin
      response with increasing levels of serum ethanol. Comparison of portal and
      hepatic incremental insulin areas revealed that ethanol did not, in the
      concentration range investigated, influence the hepatic insulin degradation rate.
      In conclusion, ethanol seems to potentiate, in an inverse concentration-dependent
      manner, the glucose-mediated insulin response through an action directly on the
      pancreas.

PMID- 955304
TI  - Insulin and brain metabolism. Absence of direct action of insulin on K+ and Na+
      transport in mouse brain.
AB  - This is a study of the effect of insulin on the transport of K+ and Na+ from the
      blood into the brains of normal mice. Despite profound reductions in plasma and
      brain glucose levels, reduction of plasma K+ concentration and progressive
      deterioration of neurologic function 30-120 minutes after insulin injection, in
      20-22-day-old animals there was no increase in brain K+ and Na+ concentrations.
      In fact, at 120 minutes, when the brain water content increased 0.7 per cent,
      brain K+ concentration was significantly reduced, not elevated. The effect of
      insulin on brain electrolyte and water content in adult mice was also studied.
      Although brain water increased 0.5 per cent at 120 minutes, there was no changes
      in brain Na+ or K+ concentrations at any time after insulin injection. The data
      from mice do not support a role of insulin in electrolyte transport in brain.

PMID- 955305
TI  - Effect of diabetes mellitus and insulin on the turnover and metabolic response to
      ketones in man.
AB  - To determine the effect of diabetes mellitus on ketone removal rates, Na DL-beta
      hydroxybutyrate was administered as a continuous three-hour infusion (3
      mg./kg./min.) to healthy volunteers and insulin-dependent diabetics in the
      postabsorptive state. An additional group of healthy controls received
      intravenous glucose (50 gm.) or glucose and insulin during the ketone infusion to
      determine the effect of hyperinsulinemia on ketone removal. Following ketone
      infusion, total blood ketone levels in the diabetics were twofold greater than in
      controls (p less than 0.001). The metabolic clearance rate of ketones (MCRk) in
      the diabetics was reduced by 42% from that of controls (p less than 0.001). In
      contrast, the calculated production rate of ketones (PRk) in diabetics was not
      consistently different from that observed in controls. In diabetics with normal
      PRk, MCRk remained significantly below control values (p less than 0.001). The
      ketone infusion resulted in a fall in plasma glucose and alanine levels in the
      normals as well as diabetics. However, the decline in plasma glucose induced by
      the ketone infusion was five- to sixfold greater in the diabetics than in
      controls (p less than 0.005) and correlated linearly with the decline in plasma
      alanine (p less than 0.02). Administration of intravenous glucose during an
      ongoing ketone infusion in normal subjects resulted in 37 +/- 5% reduction in
      beta-hydroxybutyrate, but no change in acetoacetate concentration. The decline in
      beta-hydroxybutyrate was two- to threefold greater than would be expected if
      glucose had acted solely to inhibit endogenous ketone production. Similar results
      were observed when hyperinsulinemia without hyperglycemia was produced by
      simultaneous administration of insulin and glucose. It is concluded that (1)
      ketone disposal is reduced in diabetes even when ketone production is normal,
      suggesting the rate of ketone utilization may be a more sensitive index of
      insulin deficiency than is ketone production; (2) hyperinsulinemia stimulates
      beta-hydroxybutyrate utilization without influencing acetoacetate concentration;
      and (3) increased blood ketone levels induced by infusion of Na DL-beta
      hydroxybutyrate reduce plasma glucose and alanine concentrations in diabetes.
      These findings thus support a role for insulin in influencing ketone disposal in
      normal as well as diabetic man and a role for ketones in influencing substrate
      availability for gluconeogenesis in diabetes.

PMID- 955306
TI  - Birth order, family size and school failure.
AB  - The effect of birth order on educational outcome in the Netherlands is reported
      for two major social classes, manual and non-manual. The rates of school failure
      (those who attended schools for the mentally retarded and who failed lower
      school) were studied in a population of some 200,000 young adult Dutch males born
      between 1944 and 1946 and whose families of origin had from one to six children.
      The data used were the records of the Dutch military pre-induction examination.
      Rates of school failure rose both with increased birth order and with increased
      family-size, with the exception of one-child families. School failure rates for
      the first, middle-and last-born were examined for the two social classes, with
      family size controlled. In general, school-failure rates were significantly
      related to birth-order position. For each family size and in both social classes,
      the last-born were at greater risk of school failure than were the first-born.

PMID- 955307
TI  - The prevalence of language delay in a population of three-year-old children and
      its association with general retardation.
AB  - Using a simple assessment of language and a behaviour screening questionnaire, a
      one-in-four random sample of a total population of three-year-olds was screened
      for the presence of language delay and behaviour problems. A full psycho
      developmental assessment was carried out in children with suspected language
      delay or a behaviour problem, and in a group of control children, and the
      sensitivity and specificity of the language screening-test was examined. The
      results showed the importance of investigating language delay in relation to
      nonverbal abilities. Of those children with a language age less than two-thirds
      of their chronological age, 37 per cent also had similarly delayed non-verbal
      mental abilities. 50 per cent of the children with a language age of less than 30
      months were generally retarded in their non-verbal abilities. The estimated
      prevalence of delayed language development is 31 per 1000, of specific language
      delay 5-7per 1000, and of severe retardation 4-2 per 1000. Boys were most likely
      than girls to have language and general developmental delay.

PMID- 955308
TI  - Tactile-perceptual functioning in relation to intellectual, cognitive and reading
      skills in younger and older normal children.
AB  - Forty-eight 12- to 14-years-olds and 40 six- to eight-year-old normal boys and
      girls were distributed into two groups on the basis of the number of errors they
      made on several tests of tactile-perceptual ability. The groups were then
      compared on measures of intellectual, cognitive and reading ability. In the older
      group, children with poor tactile-perceptual skills performed significantly less
      well on the other measures than children with few tactile-perceptual errors. This
      relationship was not so clearly demonstrated in the younger groups. The results
      are discussed in terms of individual differences in brain function.

PMID- 955309
TI  - Early hospital admissions and later disturbances of behaviour: an attempted
      replication of Douglas' findings.
AB  - This study confirms the findings of Douglas (1975) that single hospital
      admissions of children for up to a week carry no increased risk of later
      emotional or behavioural disturbance. The study also confirms Douglas' finding
      that repeated hospital admissions are significantly associated with disturbance
      in later childhood. The association probably applies to both emotional and
      conduct disorders, is most marked in the case of children from disadvantaged
      homes, and it may well reflect a causal influence. The validity of the finding is
      strengthened by the fact that detailed psychiatric assessments gave rise to much
      the same findings as did teacher questionnaire scores. However, in both cases,
      repeated hospital admissions are associated with only a small minority of
      disorers and account for little of the variance in children's behaviour.

PMID- 955310
TI  - Obstetric history and the heart-rate response of newborns to sound.
AB  - Two groups of clinically normal newborns, differing in the number of non-optimal
      factors in their obstetric history, were compared by measuring heart-rate
      response to a series of auditory stimuli. There was a significant difference
      between the groups in the direction of the average heart-rate response. The high
      risk" group showed more heart-rate acceleration and less deceleration compared
      with the "low-risk" group. The heart-rate responses were significantly related to
      the number of non-optimal obstetric conditions and to parity, but not to the
      maternal pre-delivery medication score. The greater the "risk" at birth, the less
      was the deceleration; the greater the maternal parity, the less did acceleration
      occur in response to auditory stimulation. There was no significant difference
      between the high-risk and low-rsik groups in heart-rate response trends over
      trials. Both groups showed reliable diminution of deceleration heart-rate
      response over trials.

PMID- 955311
TI  - Prognosis of infants of diabetic mothers in relation to neonatal hypoglycaemia.
AB  - A prospective follow-up study was conducted to determine whether neonatal
      hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers affects subsequent neurological and
      intellectual performance. 37 such infants (25 hypoglycaemic and 12 non
      hypoglycaemic) were examined for physical, neurological and developmental
      performance at an average age of 4 1/2 years. 11 children were abnormal, with
      generalised retardation and neurological abnormalities, or delays in particular
      areas of development; three children were possibly abnormal; and 23 children were
      normal. Abnormality at follow-up could not be related to neonatal blood glucose
      level, to the duration of hypoglycaemia or to any other measurement made in the
      neonatal period, nor to any factor relating to the maternal diabetes. Compared
      with the normal children, the abnormal group had slightly small head
      circumferences at birth relative to their gestational age, but a follow-up there
      was no difference in head size. At follow-up the children of diabetic mothers
      tended to be shorter than average. The poor prognosis of the infants in this
      study was not due to brain damage caused by neonatal hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 955312
TI  - Central nervous system damage as a possible component of unexpected deaths in
      infancy.
AB  - A longitudinal study of 1553 infants, designed to provide early indicators of
      gross developmental problems by using a behavioral assessment scale, included 12
      infants who later died suddenly and unexpectedly. In a retrospective examination
      of neonatal records, considerable evidence of central nervous system damage was
      found. Anoxic conditions and even possible seizure activity were implicated.
      Abnormalities of muscle tonus, skin color and cry were found, together with some
      visual problems. These findings on behavioral assessment in the neonatal period
      appear to identify a population which is at greater risk of sudden death in
      infancy. The need for oxygen therapy as a high-risk indicator of sudden
      unexpected death has been reported in a previous study and is further
      substantiated by the present findings: they are also compatible with thos of
      Naeye (1973), who found long-term hypoxic conditions in autopsy studies on the
      sudden infant death syndrome. It is suggested that the possibility of central
      nervous system involvement in the aetiology of the sudden infant death syndrome
      should be more thoroughly investigated.

PMID- 955313
TI  - Immunological status in tuberous sclerosis.
AB  - Cellular and humoral immunity, and lymphoid organ pathology, have been
      investigated in 10 institutionalized patients with tuberous sclerosis and 10
      institutionalized matched controls without the disease. Type and incidence of
      infections and tumours were reviewed for each group, as was current medication.
      Elevated serum IgM levels were found in the patients with tuberous sclerosis, but
      no immunological deficiency of either cellular of humoral immunity was found, nor
      was there a difference in infection between the groups. Only patients with
      tuberous sclerosis had evidence of neoplasia. No morphological or histological
      abnormalities of lymph nodes, spleen or thymus were present. Explanations for the
      difference between tuberous sclerosis and ataxia telangiectasia are discussed,
      together with the effect of immuno-surveillance on the development of malignancy.

PMID- 955314
TI  - Hydrocephalus and congenital clasped thumbs: a case report with electromyographic
      evaluation.
AB  - A one-month-old male infant with hydrocephalus, aqueductal stenosis and
      congenital clasped thumbs is reported. Electromyographic evaluation supported the
      hypothesis that the clasped thumbs were a consequence of flexion-extension
      imbalance, with subsequent muscle contracture secondary to hypoplasia or aplasia
      of the thumb extensors.

PMID- 955315
TI  - Variations in IQ of two patients with pseudothalidomide syndrome.

PMID- 955316
TI  - Editorial: Breast is best.

PMID- 955317
TI  - Editorial: Hospital environment for the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 955318
TI  - Editorial: Transfer of folate to the fetus.

PMID- 955319
TI  - Editorial: The control of anti-epileptic drug treatment.

PMID- 955320
TI  - Letter: Development of motor skills in a child with trisomy-18.

PMID- 955321
TI  - A comparison of the acid and gastrin secretory responses to hypoglycaemia and
      meals in duodenal ulcer with and without acid hypersecretion to pentagastrin.
AB  - In 60 uncomplicated duodenal ulcers (DU), maximum acid output (MAO) and acid
      output following insulin hypoglycaemia (IAO) were measured, and in 30 patients
      also the serum gastrin responses to insulin and to standard meals, In 7 normal
      controls, all 4 items were measured. Thirty-six of the DU had MAO within normal
      limits (normosecretors) and 24 were hypersecretors. Hypoglycaemic vagal response
      was higher in all DU than in normals and was, in normo-secreting DU associated
      with an abnormally large functioning G cell mass. This mass is not increased in
      hypersecreting DU and the greater vagal capacity is related to a supranormal
      parietal cell mass. An unknown mechanism, perhaps genetic, directs the trophic
      effects of an increased vagal drive to the gastrin cell mass in one group of DU
      and to the parietal cell mass in the other.

PMID- 955322
TI  - Serum and intestinal fluid immunoglobulins and jejunal IgA secretion in Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Immunoglobulins in serum and proximal intestinal fluids and secretion of IgA by
      cultured jejunal mucosa were measured in 12 healthy subjects and 36 patients with
      Crohn's disease. Concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE in serum and intestinal
      fluids were similar in the two groups, except for increased serum IgA
      concentrations in the patients. Elevation of IgA and chronicity of disease were
      correlated, which suggests that the IgA alteration was a response to duration of
      disease rather than a primary pathogenetic factor. IgA secretion by cultured
      jejunum was similar in control and patient groups. Thus, no evidence was found
      that abnormalities of secretory immunoglobulins are pathogenetically involved in
      Crohn's disease.

PMID- 955323
TI  - LDH isoenzyme pattern of uninvolved gastric mucosa of patients with gastric
      carcinoma and benign gastric disease.
AB  - The LDH isoenzyme pattern of the uninvolved mucosa of gastric cancer patients
      differs as regards the LDH isoenzyme pattern from that of similar tissue of
      patients with benign gastric disease; the former tissue is characterised by a
      high M/H ratio of the LDH isoenzymes (M and H sub-units). A high M/H ratio
      characterises antral mucosa when the latter is compared with fundic mucosa.
      Mucosa showing superficial and atrophic gastritis also has a higher M/H ratio,
      whereas the presence of intestinal metaplasia does not appear to influence the
      M/H ratio. These observations are consistent with the concept that the tissue
      from which the cancer arose may possess a pre-malignant biochemical lesion.

PMID- 955324
TI  - The distribution and enteric loss of 51Cr-labelled lymphocytes in normal subjects
      and in patients with coeliac disease and other disorders of the small intestine.
AB  - Peripherally harvested lymphocytes have been labelled with 51Cr, reinjected into
      human subjects and their distribution then studied. Evidence is presented which
      suggests faecal loss of 51Cr represents loss of T lymphocytes and that there is
      normally a pathway of lymphocyte removal into the gut of probable importance in
      lymphocyte migration streams. In 9 normal subjects, without structural intestinal
      disease, faecal loss of lymphocytes over 5 days was 0.20% (SEM +/- 0.06) whereas
      in 5 patients with untreated coeliac disease faecal loss was 1.13 +/- 0.34%, in 7
      with Crohn's disease it was 1.01 +/- 0.21% and in 5 with intestinal
      lymphangiectasia loss was 0.61 +/- 0.10%. In 1 patient with acute tropical sprue,
      enteric loss was 0.97%. By contrast, faecal loss was normal in 3 coeliac patients
      in remission on a gluten-free diet. Measurements were also made using an external
      counter. In contrast to the normals, where count rates steadily diminished, an
      increasing activity was recorded over the umbilicus over 7 days after dose
      administration in all the disease categories studied with the exception of the
      treated coeliacs. The finding of an increased enteric loss of lymphocytes may
      explain many of the immunological abnormalities in the conditions studied.

PMID- 955325
TI  - Effect of secretin, glucagon and VIP on gallbladder contraction.
AB  - The effects on gallbladder contraction of three structurally related peptides,
      secretin, glucagon and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have been compared
      in urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs. Secretin and glucagon had no effect alone
      but augmented cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced contractions. VIP decreased CCK
      induced contractions.

PMID- 955326
TI  - Effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ASA plus L-glutamine and L-glutamine on
      healing of chronic gastric ulcer in the rat.
AB  - A chronic gastric ulcer model was produced in rats by the subserosal injection of
      20% acetic acid solution (0.015 ml) in order to examine whether (1)
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) irritates the chronic gastric ulcer in active or
      healed or diminished stage, (2) L-glutamine, given together with ASA, inhibits
      the adverse effect of ASA. Oral ASA 200 mg/kg/day, given in two divided doses for
      10 consecutive days, apparently delayed the healing of the gastric ulcer and
      irritated the healed ulcer to reulcerate. L-Glutamine, 1,500 mg/kg/day, which was
      given together with ASA in two divided doses, markedly protected the gastric
      ulcer both in active and healed stages from the deleterious activity of ASA.

PMID- 955327
TI  - Double wave cohort increase for oesophageal and laryngeal cancer in France in
      relation to reduced alcohol consumption during the second world war.
AB  - Mortality from oesophageal cancer is increasing in France. A cohort analysis
      indicates that there were two successive waves of increase separated by a non
      increase interval for the cohorts born between 1902 and 1916. A similar effect
      was observed for laryngeal cancer and liver cirrhosis but not for lung and
      pancreas cancer. This might be related to the reduction of alcohol consumption
      during the second world war.

PMID- 955328
TI  - The medical treatment of cholesterol gallstones: experience with chenodeoxycholic
      acid.
AB  - Chenodeoxycholic acid has been administered to 50 patients with cholelithiasis
      and 8 with choledocholithiasis for a period of 15 months at doses varying between
      2- and 15 mg/kg/day. Among the 50 patients with cholelithiasis, complete
      dissolution occurred in 16 and partial dissolution in 15 cases. Among the 8
      patients with choledocholithiasis, complete dissolution occurred in 3 and partial
      dissolution in 2 cases. Lower doses were adopted in an attempt to determine the
      minimum effective daily dose required to produce gallstone dissolution and to
      lower the cholesterol saturation index (mean 1.52 +/- 0.73 before and 0.98 +/-
      0.36 after treatment). Routine liver function tests were carried out before,
      during and after treatment; no significant alterations were produced by therapy.
      Studies of the antipyrine half-life, to estimate hepatic microsomial function
      were found to be normal (mean 13.61 +/- 2.62 before and 13.21 +/- 3.04 after
      treatment). In addition, histological investigations of the liver were described.
      This study confirms the efficacy of chenodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of
      cholesterol gallstones and gives an indication of the minimum effective dose (7.8
      mg/kg/day). At the present doses, it has been shown that there are no substantial
      modifications in fundamental liver function.

PMID- 955329
TI  - The effect of intravenous theophylline ethylenediamine on serum gastrin
      concentration in control subjects and patients with duodenal ulcers and Zollinger
      Ellison syndrome.
AB  - Serum gastrin concentrations were determined after an intravenous infusion of
      theophylline ethylenediamine (aminophylline) in 10 patients with duodenal ulcer,
      9 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 7 control subjects and 3 patients
      with pernicious anemia. Increases of serum gastrin levels were observed in each
      group. It is concluded that an aminophylline test would not be useful in the
      differential diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

PMID- 955330
TI  - A demonstration that the ratios between human pancreatic enzymes can change in 4
      days.
AB  - Electrophoretic studies of inactive ductal pancreatic secretions, collected on
      five successive days following operation, demonstrated up to 18 protein bands.
      Comparison of the densitometric scans on the first and fourth days was as
      follows: the patterns from different individuals appeared similar during the
      periods of slow secretion immediately following surgery, there were obvious
      changes in the proportions of the slower-moving enzymes between the first and
      fourth days; the most apparent alteration was in the trypsinogen 2 band which was
      markedly higher on the fourth as opposed to the first day, and during the 4th-6th
      days, the patterns for a given individual resembled one another, showing only
      minor changes among the 8-hour collections.

PMID- 955331
TI  - Effect of heparin on lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and lipids in
      cholestasis.
AB  - The effect of heparin on the proportion of cholesterol esters,
      lecithin/lysolecithin ratio, and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
      activity was studied in twelve patients with cholestasis. A good correlation was
      observed between a decreased LCAT activity and the proportion of cholesterol
      esters, and no consistent variation was noted after heparin. The
      lecithin/lysolecithin ratio was increased in 7 patients and became normal after
      heparin in 6 cases. The clearance of lipoprotein-X after heparin seems to be not
      related to LCAT activity. These results demonstrate that heparin does not modify
      the LCAT activity, and suggest that heparin induces an increase of phospholipase
      activity in some patients with cholestasis.

PMID- 955332
TI  - The effects of alterations in villus shape on the intestinal mucosal surface of
      the albino rat; the relationship between mucosal surface area and the crypts.
AB  - The villi and crypts of the small intestine of the albino rat (Rattus norvigicus)
      have been enumerated and measured at different ages from 2 weeks to 8 months. The
      number of villi increased up to the third month of age and the number of crypts
      up to the eighth month.  In the proximal intestine, the mean length of the villus
      base increased  up to the fifth month as ridge-shaped villi were formed. Villus
      height was greater proximally than distally and this, and the crypt depth,
      remained constant from the end of the first month of age. The total villus
      circumference per unit area of intestine, and the villus circumference per crypt
      was the same proximally and distally, and was relatively constant after the first
      month of age. The total circumference of the crypt mouths per square millimeter
      of intestine was the same proximally and distally and, at all ages, was greater
      than the total villus circumference. The villus surface area per square
      millimeter of intestine, or per crypt, remained relatively constant after the
      first month and was greater proximally than distally, due only to the taller
      villi proximally. The change from finger-shaped to ridge-shaped villi did not
      affect the villus mucosal surface area. The changes in villus shape are probably
      not determined by differences in the rate of crypt cell production.

PMID- 955333
TI  - Combined lactose-D-xylose tolerance test in infancy.
AB  - A modified combined oral lactose-D-xylose tolerance test done on ten normal
      infants showed peak levels of blood glucose and D-xylose levels comparable to the
      peaks obtained when these tests were done separately in the same subjects. The
      combined test is recommended to evaluate digestive absorptive function in
      preference to two separate tolerance tests.

PMID- 955334
TI  - The effect of vasopressin and triglycyl lysine vasopressin (glypressin) on the
      splanchnic circulation in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.
AB  - In four cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension we have measured some
      hemodynamic parameters over 60-120 min; portal venous pressure, hepatic venous
      pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, hepatic blood flow, transsinusoidal
      vascular resistance and splanchnic oxygen uptake under treatment with Vasopressin
      (1 IU/min for 10 min) and glypressin (50 mug/kg body weight). The effect on the
      parameters was less pronounced with glypressin but of longer duration.

PMID- 955335
TI  - A reassessment of vascular factors in relation to intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Sural nerve biopsy was performed in twenty-four diabetic patients, with clinical
      and electrophysiological evidence of diabetic neuropathy. Material from an
      autopsy case was also examined. Vessels plugged with fibrin were seen within
      nerve in nine cases. In three cases fibrin was observed tracking into the vessel
      wall and in four, older thrombus was observed in vessels. Areas of necrosis in
      nerve bundles were seen in two of the latter. In two patients there had been a
      preceding episode of intravascular coagulation. Fibrin deposition within small
      vessels could well play a part in damaging the diabetic nerve and a disturbance
      of the balance between deposition and removal by fibrinolysis could explain
      phasic variation in the symptoms of neuropathy.

PMID- 955336
TI  - Bladder dysfunction and neuropathy in diabetes.
AB  - Established urodynamic and electrophysiological techniques have been applied to
      assess the frequency and extent of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy in 60
      subjects with diabetes mellitus; 38 were diabetics with suggestive symptoms and
      the others were representative newly diagnosed (11) or treated (11) diabetics.
      Objective evidence neuropathic bladder dysfunction was detected in 43 of them
      (71.7%). The commonest abnormality was a hypotonic, insensitive large capacity
      bladder, which condition was usually asymptomatic. Less freuqently (15%) was this
      complicated by bladder decompensation and sphincter involvement, resulting in
      excessive residual urine and infection; some of these had bladder paralysis with
      chronic painless retention of urine (7%). Electrophysiological studies found a
      sensory defect in the lower limbs in all tested patients (100%), and in 41
      patients (69%) as associated motor conduction abnormality, which was more
      frequent and marked in the lower than the upper limb. These functional
      abnormalities appeared to be related to the severity of diabetes, but less to its
      duration. Indeed of 11 newly diagnosed diabetics tested 7 had a peripheral
      neuropathy and 4 urodynamic abnormalities. The high incidence of bladder
      dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy in this series indicates the frequency of
      subclinical diabetic neuropathy and a factor needing more emphasis in diabetic
      uropathy.

PMID- 955337
TI  - Humoral immunodeficiency to bacterial antigens in patients with juvenile onset
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Humoral immunity to bacterial antigens was tested in 49 tissue typed patients
      with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus (JOD) and in 50 healthy controls. The
      number of patients with agglutinins to E. coli and staphylococci was
      significantly lower compared to controls (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01
      respectively). Missing antibody formation to pertussis and diphtheria toxoid
      could also be detected in a higher percentage of JOD patients than of controls (p
      less than 0.05; p congruent to 0.05, respectively). By contrast heteroagglutinins
      to sheep and rabbit erythrocytes were found in similar proportion in both groups
      and the values of immunoglobulin serum concentrations showed no difference
      between patients and controls. In addition no correlation between antibody
      formation and genes of the HLA complex was found. It is suggested that the
      severely reduced agglutinin formation to bacteria antigens might be partly
      responsible for susceptibility to bacterial infections in juvenile diabetics.

PMID- 955338
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gastrin and insulin: response to test meal
      in coeliac disease and after duodeno-pancreatectomy.
AB  - The response of serum immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP),
      gastrin (IRG) and insulin (IRI) to a mixed standard meal was measured in 15
      controls, 6 patients with coeliac disease, 26 patients with chronic pancreatitis
      and partial duodenopancreatectomy (Whipple's procedure). Serum levels of IR-GIP,
      IRG and IRI were significantly reduced in patients with coeliac disease. The
      serum glucose increase was significantly smaller only during the first hour after
      the meal. Since small intestinal GIP- and G-cells are situated mainly in the
      glands of duodenal and jejunal mucosa their absolute number is not significantly
      reduced in coeliac disease. It is suggested that the release of IR-GIP and
      duodenal IRG is influenced by the rate of absorption of nutrients. In patients
      with chronic pancreatitis the IR-GIP release is significantly greater than in
      controls, the IRG release normal and the IRI response delayed. After Whipple's
      procedure the IR-GIP response is increased significantly while the IRG secretion
      is abolished. This demonstrates that the duodenum is not necessary for GIP
      release and that pancreatic and jejunal gastrin are without clinical
      significance.

PMID- 955339
TI  - Gastroenterology-1976: good news and bad news. Presidential address.

PMID- 955340
TI  - Presentation of the first Beaumont prize to Roderic A. Gregory and Viktor Mutt:
      acceptance remarks.

PMID- 955341
TI  - Presentation of the first Beaumont prize to Roderic A. Gregory and Viktor Mutt:
      acceptance remarks.

PMID- 955342
TI  - Lower esophageal sphincter and gastric acid response to intravenous infusions of
      synthetic human gastrin I heptadecapeptide.
AB  - Human gastrin I heptadecapeptide was administered by constant intravenous
      infusion to 7 adult male volunteers without gastrointestinal disease, and serum
      gastrin concentrations and responses of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
      pressure and gastric acid output were measured and compared. Significant
      responses in LES pressure were found at gastrin infusion rates which produced
      submaximal gastric acid output. These LES pressure responses were quantitatively
      smaller than those occurring concomitantly with similar total immunoreactive
      gastrin levels evoked by administration of a protein meal in the same subjects.
      These observations suggest that, although increases in serum gastrin
      concentrations may contribute to increases in LES pressure seen under
      physiological conditions after feeding, the increase in LES pressure produced by
      feeding cannot be explained exclusively on the basis of endogenous gastrin
      release.

PMID- 955343
TI  - A new directable small bowel biopsy device.

PMID- 955344
TI  - Characterization of a hyperactive segment at the rectosigmoid junction.
AB  - During a study of intraluminal motor patterns of the colon and rectum,
      spontaneous wave activity of a continuous complex type was observed at the
      rectosigmoid junction in constipated subjects. To assess the frequency and
      characteristics of this hyperactive segment, 36 subjects with colonic motor
      disorders and 12 healthy controls were studied. Eighteen of 24 patients with
      constipation (75%) and 1 of 7 subjects with asymptomatic diverticulosis exhibited
      a persistent hyperactive segment at the rectosigmoid junction. Neither secretin
      nor cholecystokinin influenced the wave activity of the hyperactive segment. In
      contrast, atropine and glucagon inhibited markedly all wave activity and
      decreased the motility index of this segment significantly, suggesting
      overactivity of the muscarinic effector cells. It is concluded that a segmental
      area of overactivity exists at the rectosigmoid junction in most constipated
      subjects regardless of their underlying disorders.

PMID- 955345
TI  - Amylase isoenzyme clearances in normal subjects and in patients with acute
      pancreatitis.
AB  - Renal clearances of amylase isoenzymes, expressed as percentages of creatinine
      clearances, were determined in 20 normal subjects and in 8 patients with acute
      pancreatitis. The isoenzyme assay employed thin layer isoelectric focusing,
      starch iodine staining, and densitometry. Normal clearance of pancreatic-like
      amylase (mean +/- SE: 3.00 +/- 0.40%) was greater than the clearance of salivary
      like amylase (0.51 +/- 0.06%) in ea ch individual (P less than 0.001). However,
      the amount of pancreatic amylase in the serum was not the major determinant of
      amylase clearance. Normal clearance of pancreatic-like amylase was significantly
      (P less than 0.001) less than the clearance of total serum amylase in acute
      pancreatitis (6.49 +/- 1.07%). In pancreatitis the clearance of pancreatic-like
      amylase (7.29 +/- 1.19%) and the clearance of salivary-like amylase (4.55 +/-
      1.02%) were both elevated compared to normal (P less than 0.001). These findings
      indicate that the increased clearance of amylase in pancreatitis results from a
      change in renal function rather than a change in serum amylase. Renal changes not
      reflected by increased serum creatinine or more than mild proteinuria may be
      manifestations of the systemic toxicity of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 955346
TI  - Serum amylase determinations and amylase to creatinine clearance ratios in
      patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
AB  - Patients with severe chronic renal failure may have significant hyperamylasemia
      in the absence of clinical symptoms or signs of acute pancreatitis. Amylase to
      creatinine clearance (CA/CC) ratios were usually elevated in patients with
      chronic renal failure and were not helpful in evaluating the possibility of acute
      pancreatitis. The mean amylase to creatinine clearance ratio for the controls
      with normal renal function was 1.24 +/- 0.13. In patients with chronic renal
      failure, it was 3.17 +/- 0.42 (P less than 0.001). Serum amylase isoenzyme
      patterns revealed no difference in salivary to pancreatic isoenzyme ratios
      between normals (1.04 +/- 0.12) and patients with severe renal insufficiency
      without evidence of pancreatic disease (1.07 +/- 0.13). The isoenzymes were
      helpful in excluding the diagnosis of pancreatic in 1 renal failure patient whose
      hyperamylasemia was primarily salivary in origin and in confirming the diagnosis
      in another who had only a pancreatic band.

PMID- 955347
TI  - Stimulation of DNA synthesis by big and little gastrin (G-34 and G-17).
AB  - Fasted rats were injected six times over a 48-hr period with G-17 I, G-17 II, G
      34 II in doses doubling from 3.38 nmoles per kg to 54 nmoles per kg. Twelve rats
      were studied at each dose. NaCl-injected animals were used as controls. The rats
      were killed and the in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA as well as
      the total DNA content of the mucosa of the duodenum and oxyntic gland area of the
      stomach were determined. All gastrins, as well as pentagastrin, stimulated DNA
      synthesis. Peak stimulation occurred at 13.5 nmoles per kg for G-17 I and G-17 II
      and at 6.75 nmoles per kg for G-34 II. Pentagastrin's peak trophic effect was
      produced by 325 nmoles per kg. In order to compare the efficacies of the various
      types of gastrins, 60 rats were divided into groups of 12. One group received
      saline and the other four groups received the maximally effective dose of one of
      the four types of gastrins. The responses to each of the gastrins were not
      significantly different, and DNA synthesis was doubled in each tissue. Total DNA
      content increased slightly, but significantly, in response to each gastrin.
      Several conclusions can be drawn from these data: (1) G-17 and G-34 possess
      trophic activity; (2) the efficacies of pentagastrin, G-17 I, G-17 II, and G-34
      II for the stimulation of DNA synthesis are not significantly different; (3)
      sulfation of G-17 has no significant effect on its trophic activity; (4) based on
      the effects of exogenous molar doses and their respective half-lives, both G-17
      and G-34 would be expected to contribute to the trophic effect of endogenous
      gastrin; and (5) G-17 and G-34 are at least as effective in stimulating DNA
      synthesis as they are in stimulating gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 955348
TI  - Distribution of excitatory vagal fibers in canine gastric wall to control
      motility.
AB  - The distribution of cholinergic excitatory neurones in the canine gastric wall
      was studied by recording electrical and mechanical responses to electrical
      stimulation of the nerves of Latarjet and close intraarterial perfusions of drugs
      which stimulate nerve and muscle. Electrical stimulation of the anterior nerve of
      Latarjet produced contractile activity on the anterior side, followed rapidly by
      activity on the posterior side and vice versa, indicating that the axons of the
      neurones from each side crossed over to the other. This was not due to the
      propagation or conduction of electrical response activity, because electrical
      response activity and contractions induced locally by acetylcholine given into a
      small artery supplying a segment of stomach did not propagate. The cross-over
      innervation and the direct innervation were both segmental, in that the response
      to nerve stimulation dropped out in segments as the branches of the nerves of
      Latarjet were cut successively. Mainly, preganglionic axons crossed over from the
      anterior side to the posterior side, but both pre- and postganglionic axons
      crossed over from the posterior side. This was demonstrated by observing the
      spread of electrical and mechanical responses, or lack of it, in response to
      local injections of acetylcholine and dimethylpeprazinium. The study shows that
      there is a segmental distribution of excitatory neurones in the gastric wall
      which is appropriate to produce a ring of contraction to control gastric emptying
      and mixing.

PMID- 955349
TI  - Population kinetics of antral gastrin cells in the mouse.
AB  - The proliferation of antral gastrin cells has been studied in adult mice by
      combining their immunoperoxidase identification on semithin Epon sections with
      radioautography after single or multiple injections of [3H]thymidine. After a
      single injection, nuclear uptake of [3H]thymidine was observed in 0.25% of the
      well-differentiated gastrin cells. Ten days after six successive injections of
      the precursor, the labeling index reached 4.5%. This indicated that the renewal
      of the gastrin cell population was very slow. The turnover time was roughly
      estimated at 2 to 4 months. Analysis of the labeling index curves obtained during
      and after the administration of [3H]thymidine confirmed that the majority of the
      gastrin cells were renewed through replication of other gastrin cells. However,
      differentiation of a fraction of this gastrin cell population from "other" cells
      in the antrum could not be excluded.

PMID- 955350
TI  - Altered small bowel propulsion associated with parasitism.
AB  - Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that alterations of intestinal
      motility accompany enteric helminth infections. Motility was measured in rats
      during the intestinal phase of infection with the nematode Trichinella spiralis
      by following the transit of radioactive chromium through the gut. Intraduodenal
      catheters were surgically implanted in rats. One week after the operation one
      group of animals was infected with 8 x 10(3) T. spiralis larvae and a second
      group was infected with 16 x10(3) larvae. A third group of uninfected rats served
      as controls. Three, four, or five days postinfection, Na2 51CrO4 was injected
      through the catheter into the duodenum or fasted animals and its propulsion
      through the small bowel was allowed to progress for 15 min. The distribution of
      radioactivity throughout the small intestine and cecum was then plotted as a
      function of gut length. Intestinal transit was increased significantly by
      infection. The leading edge of radioactivity transversed 100% of the gut length
      in infected rats and 70% in controls. The amount of injected radioactivity
      transversing the midpoint of the small intestine was estimated by regression
      equations to be 38% of the injected dose for control rats and 59 and 57% for
      infected groups. Increased propulsive activity in parasitized rats was associated
      with inflammatory changes and a significant reduction in disaccharidase levels in
      the gut mucosa. The latter conditions were most marked in the proximal small
      bowel where the majority of worms resided.

PMID- 955351
TI  - Hepatitis B surface antigen carrier state in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.
AB  - The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied in 103 cases of
      hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS), 134 control cases with a variety of
      illnesses including hepatointestinal schistosomiasis, and 600 blood donors, in an
      area endemic for both schisfosomiasis and viral hepatitis. The patients with HSS
      proved to be persistent carriers for HBsAg in a significantly higher proportion
      than the other two groups of cases. The HSS cases who were carriers of HBsAg had
      more clinical signs of chronic liver disease and strikingly more chronic
      inflammation of the portal spaces on liver biopsy. It is suggested that abnormal
      immunological responses in patients with HSS makes them more susceptible to
      become carriers of HBsAg and that the addition of this injurious factor makes
      their basic disease worse, and may be responsible for the development of
      cirrhosis in some cases.

PMID- 955352
TI  - Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis (allergic granulomatosis) of the
      gallbladder.
AB  - A case of necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis limited to the gallbladder and
      manifesting as acute cholecystitis is presented. The different types of
      vasculitis are discussed and the characteristics of necrotizing granulomatous
      vasculitis (allergic granulomatosis) are described.

PMID- 955353
TI  - Double duodenal diaphragms in an adult: endoscopic, radiographic, and operative
      findings.
AB  - Hypotonic duodenography, duodenoscopy, and operative exploration were performed
      in an adult with double duodenal webs and symptoms suggesting gastric outlet
      obstruction. The spectrum of diagnostic features associated with this rare entity
      is described in this report.

PMID- 955354
TI  - Ileojejunitis in a pair of identical twins.
AB  - A pair of identical twin brothers with identical white and red blood cell
      antigens and diffuse ileojejunitis is reported. One brother initially presented
      with granulomatous gastritis, presumably Crohn's disease of the stomach. The
      relationship of diffuse ileojejunitis to Crohn's disease and the suspected
      genetic predisposition to develop Crohn's disease are briefly discussed.

PMID- 955355
TI  - Progressive intrahepatic cholestasis of infancy and childhood. A
      clinicopathological study of patient surviving to the age of 18 years.
AB  - A patient who developed chronic cholestatic jaundice during the 1st year of life
      and eventually died of liver cell failure at the age of 18 years is described.
      During the terminal illness Kayser-Fleischer-like rings were observed and the
      serum concentrations of total copper and ceruloplasmin were elevated. At autopsy,
      a mixed macronodular and micronodular cirrhosis was found and cholangiography and
      dissection of bile ducts revealed no obstructive lesion of the biliary tract.
      There was no family history of hepatobiliary disease. Liver biopsies obtained at
      the ages of 5 and 7 years showed accumulation of bile droplets in hepatocytes,
      normal-appearing bile ducts, no significant fibrosis, and intact lobular
      architecture. Striking features of the terminal cirrhosis were the presence of
      Mallory bodies and a marked excess of copper in the liver (2,175 mug per g dry
      weight). The latter two findings, as well as the elevated serum concentrations of
      total copper and ceruloplasmin, may be attributable to chronic cholestasis per
      se. This study emphasizes the clinical and therapeutic problems posed by chronic
      cholestasis of unknown etiology in childhood.

PMID- 955356
TI  - Lesions brought on by vomiting: the effect of hiatus hernia of the site of
      injury.
AB  - From an extensive review of the published cases of lesions of the esophagus and
      stomach brought about by vomiting and a supplemental review of local experience
      with the Mallory-Weiss syndrome, the influence of hiatus hernia on the lesion
      site can now be defined. Mallory-Weiss lesions located in the gastric cardia are
      commonly associated with hiatus hernia. By contrast, those occurring in the
      distal esophagus and those that overlie the cardioesophageal junction are only
      rarely associated with hernia. The Boerhaave lesion occurs most probably in the
      absence of hiatus hernia and in 2 of 3 previously reported cases wherein a hernia
      was present, a combined gastroesophageal rupture occurred. A newly recognized
      postemetic form of gastric rupture is clearly distinguished from other causes of
      this lesion and its characteristic location is described. A unifying hypothesis
      is proposed in which the location of lesions occurring during emesis is
      determined by the presence of a hiatus hernia during retching.

PMID- 955357
TI  - The hepatic porphyrias: pathogenesis, manifestations, and management.

PMID- 955358
TI  - Editorial: The kidney and changes in amylase clearance.

PMID- 955359
TI  - Letter: Endoscopy in children.

PMID- 955360
TI  - Letter: Esophageal motor dysfunction in idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction?

PMID- 955361
TI  - [Stars in mammography--cancers and radial scars (author's transl)].
AB  - Among 50 little starlike shadows in about 13,500 mammograms during the years 1973
      1975 there were seven pictures proved histologically not to be cancers but
      "radial scars". We found no X-ray features to differentiate between scars and
      cancers. The uniform histologic picture of a centrally placed elastotic
      periductal scar with radial processes allowed however the exact differentiation.
      Especially significant for these radial scars is the storage of elastotic
      amorphous material around obliterated central ducts. Cystic atrophy or highgrade
      papillary epithelial proliferation in the surroundings may be combined with the
      central scar. Cancerous growth in this area is diagnosed without difficulty by
      the infiltration beyond the border of the star area.

PMID- 955362
TI  - [Evidence for regression of carcinoma-in-situ and for a second form of invasive
      cervical cancer, Connecticut 1935-73].

PMID- 955363
TI  - [Negative smear in cervical carcinoma in situ (author's transl)].
AB  - In 100 patients which had shown ca-in-situ in the conization specimen during a
      preoperative colposcopic and cytologic investigation separate smears were taken
      from the anterior lip, the posterior lip and from the cervical canal. The three
      slides in each case have been examined to determine the frequency of negative
      smears, especially those of the endocervix, and to evaluate any relationship
      between those findings and the localization and the extent of the lesion. 22% of
      these patients belonged to the age group of 20-29 years, 3% were older than 60
      years. Depending on the microscopic description we differentiated between small,
      circumscript lesions (17 cases), intracervical lesions (24) and extended lesions
      (59). In only 49% of the cases all three smears had been positive (Pap III-V). In
      23% of the cases the endocervical smear was negative. In small, circumscript
      lesions at least one negative smear was found in 80% of the cases. In the
      extended lesions one third had at least one negative slide. In 25% of the
      patients with an intracervical lesion the endocervical smear was negative. Re
      evaluation of the negative smears has shown an examiner's failure in about one
      third of these, due to several factors. In 24 patients the triple cervical smear
      technique had been applied at least twice. One third of the slides exhibited
      differences concerning negativity and positivity between the first and the second
      preparation.

PMID- 955364
TI  - [Prognostic factors in early endometrial carcinoma (FIGO stage I)].
AB  - The evidence concerning the most important factors related to prognosis in
      endometrial carcinoma stage I has been reviewed in 500 cases. Histologic
      differentiation of the tumor and depth of myometrial invasion have been found to
      be definitely correlated with survival, whereas uterine site in stage I lesions
      treated by hysterectomy shows no correlation between depth of uterine sounding
      and survival. Obesity and hypertension influence outcome in cases treated by
      radiation alone.

PMID- 955365
TI  - [A new obstetric forceps: the Bamberger divergent forceps (author's transl)].
AB  - A new obstetric forceps is presented which has been used since April 1975 in 52
      cases for outlet forceps deliveries. The model is a divergent forceps with the
      rotational axis in the posterior 1/3. The forceps is applied as usual. The shanks
      do not cross. The distance between the blades is variable by a mechanism in the
      handle with an automatic stopping mechanism. Pressure on the fetal head is
      largely avoided. Our experience has shown that this forceps has advantages over
      the types of forceps in common usage.

PMID- 955366
TI  - [Epitheloid cell tuberculosis in presacral lymph node tissue].

PMID- 955367
TI  - [Isolated tortion of the fallopian tube. Report on a recurrent tortion of a
      hematosalpinx due to genital tuberculosis (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of recurrent contralateral isolated tortion of tubercle hematosalpinx four
      years after the first event is reported. The clinical picture and the
      pathogenesis of the isolated tortion of the fallopian tube is discussed. This
      disease is considered to be rare and the etiology of isolated tortion of the tube
      is largely unknown. As shown in this case, tortion of the tube can occur in cases
      of genital tuberculosis. Since acute bleeding into the fallopian tube may be
      pathognomonic for tortion this factor should be considered when the findings at
      laparotomy are interpreted. Tortion of a hematosalpinx requires additional
      diagnostic measures to detect the underlying disease.

PMID- 955368
TI  - [Observations concerning the moment of delivery in 144 gestational diabetics
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Report is made, in a comparative examination, about infant mortality and early
      morbidity, as well as about several further perinatal criteria in gestational
      diabetics, 85 of whom were delivered before/on the calculated date and 59 after
      the term. With the exception of weight and length of the newborn, no significant
      differences are occurring in any of the symptoms selected. The same situation
      appears in a control group consisting of people with healthy metabolism.
      Conclusion is made thereof that gestational diabetes per se does not represent an
      indication to terminate pregnancy at any rate on the calculated date.

PMID- 955369
TI  - [Experiments of electro-acupuncture-analgesia during delivery (author's transl)].
AB  - We report about 20 patients who underwent electroacupuncture therapy during
      delivery with intent to reduce labor pains. Acupuncture steel needles situated in
      the thoracal, lumbal, sacral region and in the region above the symphysis were
      stimulated by a rectangular impulse current. A good effect for the reduction of
      labor pains could be observed in 5 cases, a moderate one in 6 cases. An absolute
      analgetic effect could not be achieved in any case, and in 9 cases no analgetic
      effect of acupuncture therapy on labor pains was visible. Acupuncture had no
      influence on labor or fetal heart rate, monitored by cardiotocography.

PMID- 955370
TI  - Stimulation of androgen production by the lizard testis: site of action of ovine
      FSH and LH.

PMID- 955371
TI  - Antigonadal and progonadal effects of testosterone in male house sparrows.

PMID- 955372
TI  - Steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in the ovary of the snake Storeria dekayi during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 955373
TI  - Kinetic study of thyroidal iodine metabolism in ducks.

PMID- 955374
TI  - [Inhibitory action of prolactin on the ultrastructure of seminal vesicules in
      Discoglossus picuts Otth (Amphibian anuran)].

PMID- 955375
TI  - Preliminary evidence for a previously undescribed spawning hormone Nephtys
      hombergi (Polychaeta: Nephtyidae).

PMID- 955376
TI  - Effects of gonadectomy, oestradiol and testosterone on the migrating river
      lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis (L).

PMID- 955377
TI  - The in vivo metabolism of 14C-glucose and 14C-glycine in insulin-treated northern
      pike (Esox lucius L.).

PMID- 955378
TI  - Morphology and function of the parathyroid gland of the caiman, Caiman
      crocodilus.

PMID- 955379
TI  - The effects of castration on plasma LH levels in photosensitive and
      photorefractory canaries (Serinus canarius).

PMID- 955380
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormones and analogues on ammonia and urea excretion in lata
      fish (Ophicephalus punctatus).

PMID- 955381
TI  - Identification and distribution of the adrenocortical homolog, chromaffin tissue,
      and corpuscles of Stannius in Amia calva L.

PMID- 955382
TI  - [Action of hormones on the female germinal cells of Carassius auratus L. in organ
      culture. Sex reversal and oogenesis in vitro].

PMID- 955383
TI  - The neuroanatomical basis of comparative neuroendocrinology.

PMID- 955384
TI  - The neurohypophysial principles of the western brook lamprey, Lampetra
      richardsoni: studies inthe adult.

PMID- 955385
TI  - Dynamics of ecdysone metabolism after ingestion and injection in Locusta
      migratoria.

PMID- 955386
TI  - Vasopressor, diuretic, and natriuretic responses to angiotensins by the American
      eel, Anguilla rostrata.

PMID- 955387
TI  - The allatotropic activity of the larval brain of Galleria mellonella cultured in
      vitro.

PMID- 955388
TI  - Seasonal cycle and physiological correlates of pinealocyte nuclear and nucleolar
      diameters in the bats, Myotis lucifugus and Myotis sodalis.

PMID- 955389
TI  - Effects of adrenosterone on gonadal and body growth in Tilapia nilotica
      (Teleostei, Cichlidae).

PMID- 955390
TI  - Steroids in the plasma of the gray seal, Halichoerus grypus.

PMID- 955391
TI  - The half-life of bovine and chicken insulin in chicken plasma.

PMID- 955392
TI  - Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary and the effects of methallibure
      in the unilaterally ovariectomized Tilapia aurea.

PMID- 955393
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the caudal neurosecretory cells of the trout
      Salvelinus fontinalis in relation to external salinity.

PMID- 955394
TI  - Metabolic effects of insulin in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L.

PMID- 955395
TI  - Thyroidal influence on gastrocnemius and sartorius muscle growth in young white
      leghorn cockerels.

PMID- 955396
TI  - [The action of hormones on the male germinal cells of Carassius auratus L. in
      organ culture].

PMID- 955397
TI  - Further biochemical studies on carp gonadotropin (c-GTH); biochemical and
      biological comparison of c-GTH and a gonadotropin from Acipenser stellatus Pall.
      (Chondrostei).

PMID- 955398
TI  - Effects of mammalian insulin on blood glucose level, glucose tolerance, and
      glycogen content of musculature and hepatopancreas in a gastropod mollusk,
      Strophocheilus oblongus.

PMID- 955399
TI  - Studies on the function of the dorsal bodies of Agriolimax reticulatus (Mollusca;
      Pulmonata).

PMID- 955400
TI  - Effects of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone on the
      incorporation of 32P into the testis of the immature Japanese quail.

PMID- 955401
TI  - Rehabilitation performance and adjustment in stroke patients: a study of social
      class factors.
AB  - In a prospective follow-up study comparing the adjustment of hemiplegics in
      rehabilitation programs in a public institution (N = 100) and a private
      university facility (N = 105) measures were taken one month after admission and
      18-24 months after discharge. Initially, the groups differed in social profiles
      (social class, ethnicity, marital status), incidence of secondary medical
      conditions and attitudes, including expectancies and F scale and sick role
      questionnaire. They did not differ in performance and motivation on the programs.
      At follow-up treatment. Many more went to nursing homes. Implications for
      rehabilitation programs are presented.

PMID- 955402
TI  - Characterization of T4 mutants that partially suppress the inability of T4rII to
      grow in Lambda lysogens.
AB  - In the course of isolating viable T4 deletions that affect plaque morphology
      (HOMYK and WEIL 1974), two closely linked point mutant, sip1 and sip2, were
      obtained. They map between genes t and 52, cause a reduction in plaque size and
      burst size, and partially suppress the lethality of rII mutants for growth in
      lambda lysogens. The characteristics demonstrate that sip1 and sip2 are similar
      to mutants previously reported by FREEDMAN and BRENNER(1972). In addition, D.
      Hall (personal communication) has shown that sip1 and sip2 are similar to the
      mutant farP85, which affects the regulation of a number of early genes (Chace and
      Hall 1975).--Sip suppression of rII mutants can be demonstrated in one-step
      growth experiments, even when both rII genes are completely deleted. This
      indicates that sip mutants do not simply reduce the level of rII gene products
      required for growth in a lambda lysogen. Instead, they alter the growth cycle so
      as to partially circumvent the need for any rII products.--Mutations at two other
      sites, designated L1 and L2, reverse the poor phage growth caused by sip and, in
      the one case tested, reverse the rII-suppressing ability of sip.

PMID- 955403
TI  - Inducible monooxygenase activities and 3-methyl-cholanthrene-initiated
      tumorigenesis in mouse recombinant inbred sublines.
AB  - The induction of a certain group of hepatic monooxygenase activities by
      polycyclic aromatic compounds is regulated by the same locus or gene cluster
      controlling the formation of cytochrome P1-450 (P-448) in mice. Certain inbred
      strains of mice are "responsive" (Ahb) to such induction, whereas others are
      "nonresponsive" (Ahd). A pair of closely related sublines that differ with
      respect to the Ah locus (for aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness) were used to
      identify or confirm the pleiotropic effects of this gene. The lines were derived
      by sibling-mating without selection from (C57L/J x AKR/J)F2 mice; the two
      sublines were separated at the F12 generation. Ten microsomal monooxygenase
      activities and one cytosol enzyme activity known to be associated with the Ah
      locus were similarly associated with cytochrome P1-450 formation in these
      recombinant inbred sublines as well. Nine additional hepatic monooxygenase
      activities studied were found not to be associated with the Ah locus; certain of
      these activities were increased slightly, following treatment of nonresponsive as
      well as responsive mice with polycyclic aromatic compounds. The Ahb-containing
      subline was highly susceptible to 3-methylcholanthrene-induced subcutaneous
      sarcomas, whereas the Ah-d-containing subline was relatively resistant. These
      results emphasize the potential importance of this particular enzyme for the
      study of coordinated regulation in mammals.

PMID- 955404
TI  - Simulation of X-linked selection in Drosophila.
AB  - The change in gene frequency for two X-linked mutants, gamma and omega, in a
      number of experiments was compared to that predicted from a genetic simulation
      program which utilized estimated differences in relative mating ability,
      fecundity, and viability. The simulation gave excellent predictions of gene
      frequency change even when experiments were started with different initial gene
      frequencies in the males and females or when the two loci were segregating
      simultaneously. The rate of elimination was slower when there were unequal
      initial gene frequencies than when males and females had equal initial gene
      frequencies. Simulation demonstrated that this was a general phenomenon when
      there is strong selection but that the opposite is true for weak selection. In
      two other experiments, the mating advantage of wild-type males was balanced by a
      fecundity advantage in mutant females. In all four replicates of both
      experiments, the mutant was maintained for several generations at the high
      initial frequency but then decreased quickly and was eliminated. Results obtained
      restarting one of these experiments with flies from a generation after the
      decline in gene frequency indicated that a linked gene and not frequency
      dependent selection was responsible for the unpredictable gene-frequency change
      in the mutant. Using a least squares technique, it was found that a recessive
      fecundity locus 15 map units from the omega locus gave the best fit for both
      experiments.

PMID- 955405
TI  - The evolution of one- and two-locus systems.
AB  - Assuming age-independent fertilities and mortalities and random mating,
      continuous-time models for a monoecious population are investigated for weak
      selection. A single locus with multiple alleles and two alleles at each of two
      loci are considered. A slow-selection analysis of diallelic and multiallelic two
      locus models with discrete nonoverlapping generations is also presented. The
      selective differences may be functions of genotypic frequencies, but their rate
      of change due to their explicit dependence on time (if any) must be at most of
      the second order in s, (i.e., O(s2), where s is the intensity of natural
      selection. Then, after several generations have elapsed, in the continuous time
      models the time-derivative of the deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions is
      of O(s2), and in the two-locus models the rate of change of the linkage
      disequilibrium is of O(s2). It follows that, if the rate of change of the
      genotypic fitnesses is smaller than second order in s (i.e., o(s2)), then to
      O(s2) the rate of change of the mean fitness of the population is equal to the
      genic variance. For a fixed value of s, however, no matter how small, the genic
      variance may occasionally be smaller in absolute value than the (possibly
      negative) lower order terms in the change in fitness, and hence the mean fitness
      may decrease. This happens if the allelic frequencies are changing extremely
      slowly, and hence occurs often very close to equilibrium. Some new expressions
      are derived for the change in mean fitness. It is shown that, with an error of
      O(s), the genotypic frequencies evolve as if the population were in Hardy
      Weinberg proportions and linkage equilibrium. Thus, at least for the
      deterministic behaviour of one and two loci, deviations from random combination
      appear to have very little evolutionary significance.

PMID- 955406
TI  - Remarks on the evolutionary effect of natural selection.
AB  - The so-called "Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selectiion", than the mean fitness
      of a population increases with time under natural selection, is known not to be
      true, as a mathematical theorem, when fitnesses depend on more than one locus.
      Although this observation may not have particular biological relevance, (so that
      mean fitness may well increase in the great majority of interesting situations),
      it does suggest that it is of interest to find an evolutionary result which is
      correct as a mathematical theorem, no matter how many loci are involved. The aim
      of the present note is to prove an evolutionary theorem relating to the variance
      in fitness, rather that the mean: this theorem is true for an arbitrary number of
      loci, as well as for arbitrary (fixed) fitness parameters and arbitrary linkage
      between loci. Connections are briefly discussed between this theorem and the
      principle of quasi-linkage equilibrium.

PMID- 955407
TI  - [Mutagenic effect of small doses of diethylsulfate in laboratory mice studied by
      specific locus method].
AB  - Diethylsulphate solution was injected intraperitoneally twice a week to male mice
      B10.C3H having the wild-type colour at a 5 mg/kg dose. The treatment lasted 10
      weeks, so that the total dose administered was 5-20 = 100 mg/kg. In fifth week
      after the end of the treatment these males were crossed to YT females homozygous
      for seven recessive mutant genes. In the control group all the F1 descendants
      were of wild-type colour, while in the experimental group among 5042 F1 mice
      derived from DES-treated spermatogonia there was one mutant d and 4 mosaics (3
      with respect to the locus c and 1 with respect to the locusa). These results are
      interpreted as the evidence of the mutagenic effect of DES.

PMID- 955408
TI  - [Possibility of using dermatoglyphic markers for assessment of genetic hypotheses
      in schizophrenia].
AB  - Dermatoglyphic alterations in schizophrenic patients are considered in virtue of
      literature data and the author's own investigations. The absence of obvious and
      regular difference between healthy people and schizophrenic patients in the
      incidence of finger and palm patterns is revealed. Only statistically
      insignificant tendency of different manifestations of some features in patients
      and healthy persons is observed. Skin patterns doubtly may be used as additional
      diagnostic paraclinical method and applied to work out genetic aspects of
      schizophrenia. The addiitonal investigations and particularly and the
      investigations of "family forms" of schizophrenia are suggested for suggested for
      complete solution of this problem.

PMID- 955409
TI  - [Combined effect of N-nitroso-N-methylurea and actinomycin D on Chinese hamster
      cell chromosomes].

PMID- 955410
TI  - [Polymorphism of near-centromeric heterochromatin in a population of normal
      humans].
AB  - Polymorphism of constitutive heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes 1,9 and 16
      in 6 normal humans (both men and women) in studied by means of C-staining. Only
      slight variability in size of C-blocks in one individium (from cell to cell) and
      a high frequency of C-chromation heteromorphism variants within the population
      studied is observed. 8 variants of C-heterochromatin (heteromorphic homologues)
      are found: 4 individuals had 1-2 variants and 1 individual - 3 variants.
      Quantitative analysis based on measurements of C-blocks confirmed the reliability
      of the existence of these variants.

PMID- 955411
TI  - [Stimulation of ribonuclease activity under the influence of nitrosoethylurea].
AB  - Nutrosoethyl urea-induced activation of alkaline ribonuclease was accelerated
      with the increase of the temperature from 22 to 32 degrees C. The reaction rate
      at 32 degrees C was more than 8 fold increased as compared with the control.
      Further increase of temperature to 42 degrees C decreased the stimulating effect
      of nitrosoethyl urea. The effect observed may be taken into consideration when
      studying a molecular mechanism of the effect of chemical mutagens on cell
      metabolism.

PMID- 955412
TI  - [Comparison of the radiosensitivity of chromosomes during the S and G2 periods in
      regenerating rat liver cells].
AB  - Radiosensitivity of chromosomes at S and G2 periods was studied by means of
      autoradiography technique in cells or regenerating liver of rats treated with X
      rays at the doses of 150 and 300 r. The experiments were made so that the
      interval between irradiation and mitosis in S and G2 cells was equal. The results
      have shown that under the experimental conditions there are significant
      differences in the yield of chromosome aberrations between the labelled and
      intact cells. This withnesses for the existence of differences in
      radiosensitivity of chromosomes at different periods of mitotic cycle.

PMID- 955413
TI  - The types of headache that affect the elderly.
AB  - Older people often describe their headaches as starting with vague neck
      discomfort and eventually moving to the temples and forehead. These are muscle
      tension headaches, by far the most common type in the elderly. Although cervical
      osteoarthritis often is at fault, depression can be a significant factor,
      patricularly when headaches are chronic. There is no sure cure for tension
      headache, and often, several of the many remedies-ethyl chloride spray, moist
      heat, massage, antidepressant drugs, analgesics, local anesthetics, etc.-must be
      tried before an effective one is found. But just as important to successful
      therapy are concern, compassion, and a willingness to listen on the part of the
      physician. True migraine headaches are rare in the elderly. More prevalent is the
      type of vascular headache associated with giant cell arteritis, which is severe
      and resistant to any form of analgesic except the strongest narcotics. Vascular
      headaches also may result from congestive heart failure (which produces venous
      congestion in the cranial cavity), transient ischemia, increased intracranial
      pressure, and a variety of metabolic disturbances.

PMID- 955414
TI  - The training of medical manpower in geriatrics.

PMID- 955415
TI  - Reading, writing, and 'rithmetic-adapted to retirees' needs.

PMID- 955416
TI  - Special health aids for the elderly: the need is great and the cost is high.

PMID- 955417
TI  - Conservative management of chronic renal failure.
AB  - Failing kidneys can play havoc with other parts of the body. Specific treatment
      of these associated problems may help ward off uremia and preserve whatever renal
      function remains. Sodium levels may drop if too much water is mistakenly given to
      counteract kidney failure. Hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrest if potassium
      levels aren't reduced without delay. Acidosis also may reach life-threatening
      proportions, especially if diarrhea occurs. Almost all patients with chronic
      renal failure have a bleeding tendency and anemia, with the hematocrit dipping as
      low as 20 percent. Over half have decreased tolerance to carbohydrares, although
      severe hyperglycemia is rare. Disorders of calcium metabolism also are common,
      ranging from asymptomatic hypocalcemia to osteomalacia. The kidneys' impaired
      filtration ability should be kept in mind when drugs are prescribed. Dosages may
      need to be cut to avoid an adverse reaction.

PMID- 955418
TI  - Outpatient management of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
AB  - Proper treatment relieves the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and emphysema to a
      large extent and helps patients remain active and useful until the last stages of
      the disease. Not much can be done to halt the natural course, since the disease
      is well advanced by the time that symptoms appear. Respiratory infections pose a
      constant threat. They are the primary cause of increased morbidity and mortality
      in these patients and may well accelerate the disease process. Annual prophylaxis
      against influenza is recommended, and antibiotic suppression should be considered
      for patients who have repeated bouts of acute bronchitis. Airways obstruction in
      emphysema is irreversible, but oral bronchodilators may remedy bronchospasm in
      chronic bronchitis and in emphysema with a bronchitic component. If sputum is
      thick and tenacious, postural drainage and chest physiotherapy may be helpful.
      Corticosteroids should be used only as a last resort. Patients tend to become
      inactive as the disease progresses. Exercise is important to increase exercise
      tolerance and overall physical fitness, and the physician should prescribe a
      specific daily program within the patient's limitations.

PMID- 955419
TI  - Gastrointestinal carcinoma: diagnosis, staging, and follow-up.
AB  - When cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is suspected, thorough studies should
      be made to determine the presence, type, and severity of the primary tumor and
      whether it has spread. Besides routine x-ray studies, angiography, scanning, and
      sonography may furnish valuable information. Endoscopy, which has revolutionized
      diagnosis of these tumors, not only makes it possible to obtain a specimen for
      histologic analysis without laparotomy but also reveals gross involvement as a
      guide to surgery. Staging of the lesion helps the physician select which patients
      would benefit from surgery and which instead should be treated with palliative
      chemotherapy or irradiation, or both. The patient's quality of life during
      treatment also must be considered. The side effects of multiple-agent
      chemotherapy, for example, may take too great a toll on the patient's ability to
      function. Continuous, long-term follow-up is essential. Metastases may develop
      after three to five years in particularly indolent tumors, and new primary
      lesions are far from rare.

PMID- 955420
TI  - Factors influencing food choices and intake.
AB  - To find out what elderly people eat and why, researchers interviewed 303
      noninstitutionalized persons over 65. In addition to questions about the kinds
      and amounts of foods eaten, they quizzed the subjects on their eating patterns
      and their attitudes and knowledge about food and nutrition. The intakes of eight
      essential nutrients, calculated and compared with the Recommended Daily Dietary
      Allowances, were high overall. Some subjects, however, thought they ate better
      than they did. Eighty-three percent rated their own intake as good or excellent,
      but only about 60 percent actually fit this category. Diet did not correlate
      significantly with income, education, age, religion, or culture-probably due in
      part to the homogeneity of the sample-but some trends emerged. Even though the
      ratio of women to men was 3:1, the percentage of men who ate an excellent diet
      was higher than that of women in all four age groups. Also, each successive age
      group had a higher percentage of good or excellent scores.

PMID- 955421
TI  - Recognizing spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma.
AB  - Sudden, often severe pain in the spinal region that is followed-sometimes within
      minutes-by paraplegia may signal spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. This is a
      true surgical emergency calling for immediate laminectomy. Otherwise, the
      neurologic deficit becomes irreversible and the patient probably will die. The
      cause may be a fall or straining but in most cases there's no history of trauma.
      A myelogram reveals a block at the level of the hematoma, usually in the thoracic
      region or in the cervicothoracic or thoracolumbar area. Manometric tests
      shouldn't be done because they can increase the neurologic deficit. Urinary
      retention and sensitivity to pinprick at the level of the hematoma are additional
      diagnostic clues. The case reported here and 13 others from the literature point
      up the importance of prompt surgical treatment. Eight of the 12 patients who had
      laminectomy improved and five of them recovered completly, but both of the
      patients who were not treated surgically died.

PMID- 955422
TI  - Lysosomal acid hydrolase activities in the lungs of fetal, neonatal, adult, and
      senile mice.
AB  - The activities of four lysosomal acid hydrolases (LAH) in the lungs of two
      strains of mice changed significantly throughout the life cycle. In the CK7B1/6J
      animals, acid phosphatase (AP) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-G) were maximally
      active during early neonatal life then gradually declined the adult levels by 4-5
      weeks of age. After reaching the adult level, acid phosphatase activities did not
      change significantly tcreased markedly with advanced age. N-Acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase (GAD) activities did not change significantly duringlate fetal,
      neonatal or young adult stages but increased significantly with advancing age. In
      the lungs of the CFW animals, the increase in activities of beta-G and GAD
      between young adult life and advanced age was highly significant, whereas there
      was no notable change in the activities of acid phosphatase or arylsulfatase
      (AS). The specific activities of the hydrolases in the lungs of the C57B1/6J
      strain were quite similar to those in the lungs of the CFW strain. The activities
      of all four hydrolases were markedly elevated in two spontaneous adenomatous
      tumors found in the lungs of old mice. The data indicate that LAH play a
      significant role in lung growth and maturation, and in changes associated with
      aging.

PMID- 955423
TI  - Concerning the estimation of biological age.
AB  - The conditions which must be satisfied by an index of biological age are
      discussed, and a high correlation with chronological age is shown to be neither a
      necessary nor a sufficient condition to be satisfied by any such index.

PMID- 955424
TI  - Aging and accuracy of protein synthesis in man: search for inactive enzymatic
      cross-reacting material in granulocytes of aged people.
AB  - Enzyme activities and immunological reactivities of seven different enzymes have
      been assayed in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes from 10 newborns, 10 aged (over
      80 years old) and 10 young adults (20-30 years old). Polymorphonuclears have been
      chosen because both in the newborns, and in the aged people, they are young cells
      whose life span is a few hours only. Five cytoplasmic enzymes have been
      immunologically studied by means of monospecific antienzyme sera: leukocyte
      pyruvate kinase by immunoinactivation, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and
      glucose phosphate-isomerase by electroimmunodiffusion, lactic dehydrogenase
      (muscle-type) by radial immunodiffusion. Two lysosomal enzymes (alpha-mannosidase
      and beta-glycuronidase) have been titrated immunologically with the same
      polyvalent antihuman leukocyte rabbit serum. Small but significant differences in
      activity were observed for several of the enzymes. By contrast, no significant
      difference was found, for any of the seven enzymes, as regards the ratio enzyme
      activity/immunological reactivity, between newborns, young adults and aged
      people. These results of not support the theory that a decreased accuracy of the
      protein synthesis machinery is responsible for aging and death. By contrast, the
      authors emphasize that the enzyme abnormalities reported by various authors in
      old animals or in old fibroblast cultures closely resemble those demonstrated to
      be "post-translational modifications" in the case of human glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 955426
TI  - [Supported window ventilation in school construction].

PMID- 955425
TI  - [Swelling of collagen fibers in neutral salt solutions (author's transl)].
AB  - When applying various concentrations of NaC104 (0.15-7 M) to tendon fibres from
      rat tails, we found denaturation beginning at 2M, and with increasing
      concentration a linear increase of the maximal contraction tension and an
      expoential shortening of the contraction time down to a minimal value of 7.5 min.
      In a second group of experiments we investigated the weight changes of tendons of
      old (26-30 months) and young (8 months) rats treated with 5M NaC104 and compared
      the weight curves and the tension curves. We found an increase in weight up to
      900% as the tension decreased. This indicates a connection between the swelling
      and the relaxation of collagen fibres. Other solutions of neutral salts (5M
      NaC103, NaC1; 0.15 M NaC104, NaC103, NaC1) tested on young and old tendons did
      not produce any tension nor other visible changes. The weight curves show an
      immediate increase up to about 200% which remains constant and which is low
      compaired with the effect of 5M NaC104. The reason for the contraction of tendon
      fivres seems to be the denaturation caused by the increased lipophilia of the
      aqueous salt solutions, while the relaxation is merely the result of the
      subsequent swelling of the collagen fibre.

PMID- 955427
TI  - [Physiological and psychological aspects of growing adolescents in the creation
      of instructional prerequintes for the construction of compact classrooms].

PMID- 955428
TI  - [Emissions of urea herbicides in the Federal Republic of Germany].

PMID- 955429
TI  - [Properties and evaluation of waste water from the damp oxidation of sewage
      sludge, with reference to water protection].

PMID- 955430
TI  - [Simulation of the dynamics of heat exchangers in an airconditioning system].

PMID- 955431
TI  - [Hygienic studies to establish a permissible level of indene escape from
      polymeric construction materials].

PMID- 955432
TI  - [Effect on the skin of the washing and disinfecting agent, DPM, used for the
      sanitary treatment of milking equipment and dairy utensils].

PMID- 955433
TI  - [Effect of UHF irradiation on the oxidative phosphorylation of brain
      mitochondria].

PMID- 955434
TI  - [Determination of diethylamine in sanitary chemical research on synthetic and
      natural textile materials].

PMID- 955435
TI  - [Residues of nitrates and nitrites in finished cheeses].

PMID- 955436
TI  - [Dependence of the functional activity of the liver mitochondria on UHF
      irradiation].

PMID- 955437
TI  - [Biophysical preconditions for the hygienic standardization of radiant heat].

PMID- 955438
TI  - [Dependence of the achievement of upper course medical institute students on the
      functional state of their bodies when the classes are variously organized].

PMID- 955439
TI  - [Hygienic substantiation of a regimen of student classes and exams].

PMID- 955440
TI  - [Experimental substantiation of the permissible Cf252 content in the environment
      and in the human body].

PMID- 955441
TI  - [Organizational and methodological principles for holding lecture series by
      assistant professors and seminars by heads of departments in teacher improvement
      departments].

PMID- 955442
TI  - [Social hygiene characteristics of the conditions and mode of life of Kiev school
      children and their effect on health indices].

PMID- 955443
TI  - [Method of determining some azo pigments in the tissues of animal internal
      organs].

PMID- 955444
TI  - [Determination of cobalt in biological materials by using paper chromatography].

PMID- 955445
TI  - [Determination of selenium in the atmosphere using 2, 3-diaminonaphthalene].

PMID- 955446
TI  - [Polarographic determination of methylmethacrylate and styrene in the air of
      industrial premises].

PMID- 955447
TI  - [Experimental establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of the
      methyl and butyl esters of methacrylic acid in the water of reservoirs].

PMID- 955448
TI  - [Determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in air using a gas-liquid
      chromatographic method].

PMID- 955449
TI  - [Determination of acetic acid vapors in the air of industrial premises].

PMID- 955450
TI  - [Determination of 1, 2-dichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride in water by means
      of gas-liquid chromatography].

PMID- 955451
TI  - [Determination of residues of phenoxyalkane carboxylic acid derivative herbicides
      (2, 4-D, 2M-4X and 2, 4-DM) in water by chromatographic methods].

PMID- 955452
TI  - [Express method of indicating the pesticide, benlate].

PMID- 955453
TI  - [Chromatographic determination of ethylenimine in polyethyleneimine].

PMID- 955454
TI  - [Barrier role of water supply structures].

PMID- 955455
TI  - [Possibility of the antiblastomogenic action of some chemical substances on man
      under natural conditions].

PMID- 955457
TI  - [Case of pollution of the water supply network].

PMID- 955456
TI  - [Experimental establishment of the maximum permissible concentrations of
      propachlor (Ramrod) in water].

PMID- 955458
TI  - [Some recommendations for improving the organization of public health and
      welfare].

PMID- 955459
TI  - [Effect of grain drying using drum (SZPB-2) and column (SZS-8) grain driers on
      their content of 3, 4-benzopyrene].

PMID- 955460
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of measures to decontaminate the effluents from the sulfuric
      acid production of copper-smelting combines].

PMID- 955461
TI  - [Adrenal glucocorticoid function in the pathogenesis of chronic carbon disulfide
      poisoning].

PMID- 955462
TI  - [Clinical and electroencephalographic correlations in chronic carbon disulfide
      poisoning].

PMID- 955463
TI  - [Specific effects of ethylenimine in its action via chronic inhalation].

PMID- 955464
TI  - [Comparison of the body's reactions to the constant and intermittent action of
      some chlorinated hydrocarbons].

PMID- 955465
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the design solutions for laying out the equipment of some
      chemical plants in open areas].

PMID- 955466
TI  - [Air pollution from beryllium compounds in the manufacture of x-ray tubes].

PMID- 955467
TI  - [Results and prospects for the development of scientific cooperation in the field
      of work hygiene between the USSR and the GDR].

PMID- 955468
TI  - [Nature of the pathology in electric arc welders and ship builders].

PMID- 955469
TI  - [Toxicological and hygienic evaluation of a new, universal atmospheric corrosion
      inhibitor for metals, metanitrobenzene hexamethylenimine].

PMID- 955470
TI  - [Dependence of the fibrogenic action of asbestos fibers on their length].

PMID- 955471
TI  - [Method of determining the limits of vibration sensitivity].

PMID- 955472
TI  - [Morphofunctional state of the hypophysis-gonad system under the action on the
      body of electromagnetic fields of different band widths].

PMID- 955473
TI  - [Evaluation of the dynamics of work capacity and of the functional state of the
      body in teachers of the primary grades in secondary schools].

PMID- 955474
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the chief design solutions for poultry breeding
      complexes].

PMID- 955475
TI  - [Effect of barium on the generative function and its hygienic significance].

PMID- 955476
TI  - [Data toward a reexamination of the MPEL of sulfurous anhydride in the air of a
      work area].

PMID- 955477
TI  - [Physiological and hygienic comparison of different work organization in relation
      to the mechanization and automation of the technological process in aluminum
      electrolysis].

PMID- 955478
TI  - [Effective measures for improving the working conditions in forge-and-press
      shops].

PMID- 955479
TI  - [Characteristics of the working conditions for builders in the reconstruction of
      industrial enterprises].

PMID- 955480
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the hand arc welding of galvanized steel].

PMID- 955481
TI  - [Some problems of work hygiene in preparing cores by the method of cold
      comsolidation].

PMID- 955482
TI  - [Electrocardiographic studies of the work crews of the submarine laboratory
      "Chernomor-72"].

PMID- 955483
TI  - [Acute carbothion poisoning].

PMID- 955484
TI  - [Sulfhydryl group content in the erythrocytes of workers in contact with carbon
      disulfide in the manufacturing process].

PMID- 955485
TI  - [Effect of experimental silicosis on the antibody synthetic activity of the lungs
      and some lymphoid organs].

PMID- 955486
TI  - [Toxicological characteristics of the new stabilizers for polymeric materials,
      1,3-diphenyl-2,4-diphenylaminocyclodiphosphosan, NN-bis-3,5-ditertbutyl-4
      oxybenzylmethylamine and the FK-101 and FS-19-N kickers].

PMID- 955487
TI  - [Concentration of 17-hydroxycorticoids in urine samples from pregnant women in
      post-term and protracted pregnancies].

PMID- 955488
TI  - [Social status and therapeutic results in uterine cervix cancer].

PMID- 955489
TI  - [Diagnostic parameters of ovulation].

PMID- 955490
TI  - [Obstetrical complications in pregnancies occurring without high risk symptoms].

PMID- 955491
TI  - [Pregnancy and labor in a patient with an implanted heart monitor].

PMID- 955492
TI  - [Symphysis pubis injury in pregnant and delivering women].

PMID- 955493
TI  - [Rare case of ovarian hypoplasia].

PMID- 955494
TI  - [Obstetrical anesthesia and analgesia in Poland. A historical outline].

PMID- 955495
TI  - Lithocholate metabolism during chenotherapy for gallstone dissolution. 1. Serum
      levels of sulphated and unsulphated lithocholates.
AB  - Serum levels of total sulphated and total unsulphated lithocholates were each
      measured by a specific radioimmunoassay in 66 patients ingesting chenodeoxycholic
      (chenic) acid for gallstone dissoultion and in 35 gallstone patients ingesting
      either cholic acid or placebo. No changes occurred in serum lithocholate levels
      in the control groups. In patients ingesting chenic acid, there was a twofold
      increase in serum levels of total lithocholate, but the percent sulphation
      (greater than 75%) remained unchanged during chenotherapy. There was no
      correlation in the chenic acid treated group  between serum lithocholate levels
      and the proportion of lithocholate in biliary bile acids or changes in serum
      SGOT. The data suggest that there is effective sulphation of lithocholate in such
      patients; this may explain the lack of hepatotoxicity observed during ingestion
      of chenic acid.

PMID- 955496
TI  - Lithocholate metabolism during chemotherapy for gallstone dissolution. 2.
      Absorption and sulphation.
AB  - The amount of lithocholate input and the size of the total lithocholate
      exchangeable pool were measured using isotope dilution in three patients
      ingesting chenodeoxycholic acid for gallstone dissolution and two healthy control
      subjects.  Because the specific activity decay curve was biexponential in
      appearance, input was calculated  using a stochastic analysis employing the 
      Stewart-Hamilton equation. By this method, the lithocholate input and the size of
      the exchangeable pool in gallstone patients during chenic acid ingestion was four
      to five times that observed in the healthy control subjects. It was calculated
      that about one-fifth of the newly formed lithocholate was absorbed in both
      gallstone patients and healthy control subjects. The extent of sulphation of
      absorbed lithocholate was then measured in seven gallstone patients whto had been
      ingesting chenodeoxycholic acid for gallstone dissolution by defining the
      chemical form of radioactivity in bile after intravenous administration of
      labelled lithocholate. Similar studies were carried out in eight healthy control
      subjects, but, in addition the extent of sulphation of injected
      lithocholylglycine and lithocholyltaurine was also defined. When lithocholate was
      injected, the majority of radioactivity in bile (50-60%) was present as sulphated
      conjugates, both in gallstone patients and healthy control subjects. The degree
      of sulphation was greater for glycine than taurine conjugates, and these
      findings, which suggested preferential sulphation of the glycine conjugates of
      lithocholate, were confirmed by showing that injected lithocholylglycine was
      sulphated to a much greater extent than injected lithocholyltaurine. These
      findings indicate that in patients receiving chenic acid there is effective
      sulphation of lithocholate, especially its glycine conjugates, despite a
      considerable increase in lithocholate absorption; they may provide an explanation
      for the lack of hepatotoxicity of chenic acid in man.

PMID- 955497
TI  - Plasma oestrogens in men with chronic liver disease.
AB  - A highly specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure the total plasma
      concentrations of the three principal unconjugated oestrogens: oestrone E1,
      oestradiol E2, and oestriol E3 in normal males and in 21 males with various forms
      of chronic liver disease. In addition, the unbound concentration of plasma E2 was
      established in the same group. About half of the patients with liver disease had
      overt feminising changes. Total and unbound plasma E2 concentrations were within
      the normal range in all patients. Total plasma E1 was significantly elevated only
      in those patients with liver disease and gynaecomastia, and a similar trend was
      seen for total plasma E3.

PMID- 955498
TI  - Use of caerulein with submaximal doses of secretin as a test of pancreatic
      function in man.
AB  - The pancreatic exocrine secretory response to different combinations of the
      pancreozymin-like peptide caerulein and secretin was studied in 110 healthy
      control subjects and 32 patients with pancreatic disease. A combination of 0-5
      CU/kg-h secretin and 75 ng/kg-h caerulein provided maximal or near-maximal
      stimulation of the secretion of both bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes. The
      combination of stimulant peptides in the above doses was found to give excellent
      separation between the secretion of bicarbonate, lipase, and chymotrypsin of the
      control group and patients with chronic pancreatitis. A combination of caerulein
      and secretin represents a safe, reliable, and effective mean of stimulating
      pancreatic exocrine secretion for the purpose of testing pancreatic function.

PMID- 955499
TI  - Effect of intraduodenal magnesium sulphate on pancreas and gallbladder of man.
AB  - Magnesium sulphate has previously been used as a purgative in a test involving
      the measurement of the faecal excretion of pancreatic enzymes. In order to
      validate the use of magnesium sulphate for this purpose, in 18 individuals the
      pancreatic and biliary response to intravenous infusion of secretin (1 CU/kg-h)
      plus CCK(1IU/kg-h) were compared with the responses to one of three dose-rates of
      magnesium sulphate infused into the duodenum. The effect of magnesium sulhphate
      was  also studied during the coincident intravenous administration of the
      hormones. Intraduodenal magnesium sulphate did not stimulate the secretion of
      bicarbonate into the duodenum but did  evoke the secretion of pancreatic enzymes
      and discharge of bile. The pancreatic response to the exogenous hormones was not
      altered by coincident intraduodenal infusion of magnesium sulphate. We conclude
      that magnesium sulphate is a satisfactory purgative for speeding the intestinal
      transit of pancreatic enzymes.

PMID- 955500
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of pancreatico-jejunal shunts.
AB  - This paper describes opacification and identification of two surgically
      constructed pancreatico-jujunal shunts. A fibreoptic panendoscope was used with
      retrograde injection via the ampulla of  Vater (ERCP). This procedure makes
      possible more accurate anatomical evaluation and so more precise clinical
      appraisal of both pre- and post-surgical states.

PMID- 955501
TI  - Electrogenic glucose absorption in untreated and treated coeliac disease.
AB  - Using a method for measuring changes in transmural potential difference across
      the human jejunum in vivo, the operational kinetic parameters of 'Apparent Km'
      and PD max for the active electrogenic component of glucose absorption were
      estimated in a group of healthy volunteers and in patients with coeliac disease.
      Both the 'Apparent Km' (17+/2mM; mean +/SEM) and the PD max (8.6+/0.7 mV) in nine
      patients with untreated coeliac disease were significantly lower (p less than
      0.005) than in the control group ('Apparent Km' = 74+/5mM; PD max 12.8+/0.9mV,
      n=20). Treatment of five coeliac patients by gluten withdrawal for less than
      three months  increased significantly the values of both the "Apparent Km
      (35+/6mM) and the TPD max (11.4+/1.2mV). Treatment of five patients for more than
      six months caused a further increase in the values of both kinetic parameters
      ('Apparent Km' = 108+/13mM; PD max  =15.6+/2.7mV) to levels which exceeded those
      in healthy subjects. The possible interpretations  of the differences in the
      kinetic characteristics of electrogenic glucose transport between coeliac
      patients and healthy subjects are discussed.

PMID- 955502
TI  - Factors affecting the absorption of vitamin K-1 in vitro.
AB  - Factors which might affect the absorption of vitamin K of dietary origin were
      investigated using everted small bowel sacs. Increasing the bile salt
      concentration to 20 mM or the addition of long chain fatty acids, monoolein, or
      lecithin all resulted in significant (P less than 0-05) decrease in the
      absorption rate of the vitamin. The addition of 2-5 mM short and medium chain
      fatty acids did not change the absorption rate of vitamin K-1 (P greater than 0
      05). The absorption rate of vitamin K-1 appears to be modified by the presence of
      compounds in the incubation medium which either alter the partition of the
      vitamin between the micelle and the cell membrane or which change the permeation
      characteristics of the compound through the unstirred water layer or modify the
      physical characteristics of the cell membrane itself. It is possible that some of
      the above factors modify the absorption of lipid soluble compounds in general.

PMID- 955503
TI  - Relation between body weight and the gastric and intestinal handling of an oral
      caloric load.
AB  - The gastric and intestinal handling of a standard liquid 300-ml meal (0.89
      kcal/ml) was examined in 10 healthy, non-obese subjects by a quantitative
      multiple-indicator dilution technique. Such a meal contains about one-tenth of
      the daily energy requirements. The heavier the subject the more energy was
      transferred from the stomach to the intestine during the first 80 minutes after
      taking the meal. A high body weight was also associated with a rapid transit
      through the proximal 70 cm of intestine and the passing of a substantial part of
      the meal calories to the lower intestine. These circumstances favour a fast
      incorporation of fed calories. In subjects with lower body weights eneryg  was
      delivered more slowly from the stomach. The absorbed an equal amount of energy in
      the proximal intestine as did the heavier subjects, but during the longer transit
      times. The percentage absorption in the investigated segment was therefore
      higher.

PMID- 955504
TI  - Gastric mucosa after partial gastrectomy.
AB  - A partial gastrectomy of Billroth I  or II type was performed in a series of 146
      patients with peptic ulcer. Gastric biopsy was carried out two years later and
      the histology of the specimens compared with that of the body mucosa at the time
      of operation. In 138 patients without body atrophic  gastritis (AG) before
      operation this condition was found in 74 (54%) two years after (46% of DU
      patients and 73% of GU patients). Those with antral or pyloric  canal ulcers were
      particularly liable to develop AG (81%). Apart from site of ulcer various other
      factors possibly associated with the development of AG were examined: no positive
      correlations were found with the possible exception of anaemia. Gastric parietal
      cell antibodies were not found in any patient with AG tested. The cause of
      gastritis after partial gastrectomy and its possible relationship with gastric
      carcinoma are discussed.

PMID- 955505
TI  - Highly selective vagotomy plus dilatation of the stenosis compared with truncal
      vagotomy and drainage in the treatment of pyloric stenosis secondary to duodenal
      ulceration.
AB  - Twenty-three consecutive patients with duodenal ulceration complicated by pyloric
      stenosis who came under the care of one surgeon were treated by highly selective
      vagotomy (HSV) combined with digital dilatation of the stenosis through  a
      gastrotomy. No form of drainage procedure was used. Thus the antral "mill" and
      the pyloric sphineter were left intact. Since the stenosis is usually distal to
      the pylorus rather than truly pyloric such dilatation does not damage the pyloric
      ring, although it may on occasion lead to perforation of the first part of the
      duodenum. The subsequent progress of these patients was compared with that of a
      similar, consecutive series of 23 patients with pyloric stenosis who were treated
      by truncal vagotomy with a drainage procedure by other surgeons on the same
      surgical unit. Patients were followed up for between four months and five years.
      The clinical assessment was carried out in "blind" fashion at a special gastric
      follow-up clinic. No evidence of recurrent ulceration was found in either group
      of patients. Two patients from each group subsequently  came to reoperation for
      the relief of gastric stasis. Twenty-two of the 23 patients (96%) who had
      undergone HSV plus dilatation eventually achieved a good-to-excellent clinical
      result (Visick grades 1+2), wheras only 17 of the 23 patients (74%) who had
      undergone truncal vagotomy with drainage achieved such a result. The main
      clinical difference between the two groups was that side effects such as
      diarrhoea and abdominal pain or discomfort were more common after vagotomy with
      drainage than after HSV. These results bear witness to the remarkable propulsive
      powers of the gastric antrum after HSV,  which were evidently sufficient to
      overcome any tendency to re-stenosis in more than 90% of patients. The 9%
      incidence of failure due to re-stenosis could perhaps be avoided if a small
      duodenoplasty were performed instead of simple digital dilatation. The results
      support the hypothesis that damage to the antral mill and pyloric sphincter can
      be avoided in the course of operations for "pyloric" stenosis secondary to
      duodenal ulceration. Avoidance of the drainage procedure is of benefit to the
      patient, just  as it is in patients who have duodenal ulceration without
      stenosis.

PMID- 955506
TI  - Proctocolitis and Crohn's disease of the colon: a comparison of the clinical
      course.
AB  - This study suggests that proctocolitis is an illness with an acute and
      potentially dangerous onset but which appears to become less severe after
      survival for one year, whereas Crohn's colitis tends to be a more chronic and
      progressive illness over several years with a greater need for surgical treatment
      and a greater tendency to anal complications.

PMID- 955507
TI  - Fibrin thrombi, a cause of clindamycin-associated colitis?
AB  - Rectal biopsies from five patients with clindamycin-associated colitis were
      studied with the intention of identifying fibrin thrombi in capillaries.
      Capillary thrombosis was present in all five cases, three with pseudomembranous
      colitis and two with non-specific colitis. The significance of capillary
      thrombosis and its relationship to other ischaemic lesions of the gut are
      discussed.

PMID- 955508
TI  - Prospects for a personal screening method for cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 955509
TI  - Control of pain in pelvic cancer.

PMID- 955510
TI  - Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the fallopian tube associated with primary
      carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium.

PMID- 955511
TI  - Angiographic control of pelvic bleeding from treated carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 955512
TI  - Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.

PMID- 955513
TI  - Proliferative and malignant Brenner tumors of ovary. Report of two cases, one
      with Meigs' Syndrome, review of literature, and ultrastructural comparisons.

PMID- 955514
TI  - Bartholin's gland carcinomas: five cases.

PMID- 955515
TI  - Pathologic fracture of the ulna secondary to metastatic vulvar carcinoma: report
      of a case.

PMID- 955516
TI  - New early tertiary primates and a reappraisal of some Plesiadapiformes.
AB  - A new study of specimens of paromomyid and microsyopid primates clarifies
      evolution in these primates and reuslts in new concepts of each family. The
      paromomyid Phenacolemur and its former synonym, Ignacius, are distinct genera,
      each with new Early Wasatchian species, Plesiolestes, Palaechthon, Torrejonia,
      Palenochtha, Navajovius, Micromomys, and Tinimomys are removed from the
      Paromomyidae and transferred to the Microsyopidae. The Plesiadapiformes are
      classified in three groups which may be differentiated on incisor and molor
      structure: Plesiadapoidea (Plesiadapidae, Carpolestidae, and Saxonellidae),
      Microsyopidae, and Paromomyidae. The Paromomyidae, Microsyopidae (and its two
      subfamilies), and several genera are rediagnosed in the light of new comparative
      evidence.

PMID- 955517
TI  - Investigation concerning hallucinatory and delusional states--in connection with
      hypofunction of brain stem and diencephalon.

PMID- 955518
TI  - The effect of motor-response-deprivation on contingent negative variation (CNV).
      II. Information of the warning stimulus.

PMID- 955519
TI  - The effect of L-dopa and vitamin B6 in schizophrenia.

PMID- 955520
TI  - Adrenal cortical activity in manic patients: a revisit.

PMID- 955521
TI  - Alcoholic hallucinosis and its marginal mental disorders.

PMID- 955522
TI  - Brain stem gliosis in a case with clinical manifestations of amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis.

PMID- 955523
TI  - Studies on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by neutron activation analysis.

PMID- 955524
TI  - Different effect of social isolation on the levels of brain monoamines in post
      weaning and young-adult rat.

PMID- 955525
TI  - Development of kindled amygdaloid seizures after section of the forebrain
      commissures in rats.

PMID- 955526
TI  - The postmortem changes of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus of rats.

PMID- 955527
TI  - [Limits of environmental pollution. Problems of tolerance and threshold values in
      the recognition of adverse effects].

PMID- 955528
TI  - [The value of plant fibers in the diet].

PMID- 955529
TI  - [A scheme for the naming of teeth].

PMID- 955530
TI  - [Lichen ruber planus].

PMID- 955531
TI  - [Surgical use of the laser].
AB  - The suitability of the laser for use in surgery is discussed. The mode of action
      as well as the advantages and disadvantages of electro-cautery are described
      together with a discussion about the use of the laser as an alternative. After
      preliminary remarks about the physical aspects, the effects of laser rays on
      biological tissue are illustrated and the most important properties of the laser
      with regard to its use in surgery are pointed out. An outline is given of the
      present use of the laser in the experimental and clinical areas; the properties
      required of a cutting instrument in surgery are listed. Finally the influence of
      the rays on the cutting characteristics of a Nd-high-power-laser is investigated
      in experiments using a rat liver model. This laser has substantial advantages
      over the CO2-laser in its practical application. The cutting mechanism and the
      development of the necrotic areas are discussed, together with a description of
      the cessation of hemorrhage and wound healing. The results obtained indicate that
      as soon as technical problems can be solved, the use of a pulsed high power YAG
      laser as a cutting instrument in surgery is highly promising.

PMID- 955532
TI  - [Imprint cytology. Advantages and possibilities].
AB  - Imprint cytology is a special variation of applied cytology, which can be used
      for quite different purposes. In scientific research cytologic imprints are very
      apt for cytophotometric measurements of DNA contents in nuclei as well as for
      karyologic studies, for instance on the different distribution of chromatin in
      the nuclei of benign and malignant tumors. Furthermore, imprint cytology is of
      great importance in teaching and learning results of aspiration biopsies, as the
      cellular patterns obtained with both methods are looking identical and moreover
      every imprint can be compared with the corresponding histologic slide. Last but
      not least in diagnostic procedures cytologic imprints are very helpful as an
      adjuvant to frozen and paraffin sections: They set off also very discrete changes
      and make possible diagnostic statements in a shorter time than it is possible
      with histologic slides.

PMID- 955533
TI  - [Editorial: Endangering of health through air traffic].

PMID- 955534
TI  - [Fibrinogen degradation products in gynecologic neoplasms].
AB  - Concentration of fibrinogen degradation products in sera of 12 healthy women and
      163 patients with gynecological tumors was determined by Staphylococcal-clumping
      test. In sera of healthy women and patients with benign tumors the highest titer
      was 8. On the other hand in 53 of 97 cases with malign tumors higher
      concentrations were evaluated.

PMID- 955535
TI  - [Radiotherapy in the treatment of breast carcinoma].
AB  - In the treatment of breast cancer a radiation therapy is indicated under the
      following conditions: 1. Postoperative irradiation only of the regional lymph
      nodes also in stage I (T1, N0). 2. Postoperative irradiation of the regional
      lymph-nodes and the thorax wall in cases with great primary tumours (T2), in
      cases with involved axillary lymph-nodes and, of course, in all cases with "grave
      signs". 3. Preoperative irradiation only in those cases when it seems possible
      that an inoperable tumour would become operable. 4. As the sole local treatment
      only in cases with very large inoperable tumours or in special cases (e.g. very
      high risc or refusal of the operation). 5. As local treatment of a local recidive
      or of isolated metastases. 6. As supporting local therapy (e.g. threatening
      fracturation of our fracturated bone metastases; brain metastases) in cases of
      generalized metastatic disease treated by hormonal or cytostatic therapy.

PMID- 955536
TI  - [Polychemotherapy of the advanced and metastasizing carcinoma of the breast].
AB  - The course of treatment with polychemotherapy for the progressed and metastasized
      breast-carcinoma is discussed. The therapy with cytostatics must be continued for
      the patients entire life. A sample of 27 patients from the Chir; Univ.-Klinik
      Innsbruck with a course of treatment lasting from 15 to 29 months (October 1973
      resp; December 1974 to February 1976) showed a success rate of 81%.

PMID- 955537
TI  - [Cancer therapy using intermittent high doses of cytostatics].
AB  - The results of intermittent high-dose-therapy, especially with Doxorubicin and
      Amethopterin, are encouraging, particularly, against those malignant tumors which
      were difficult to influence until now. The damage to normal tissue and especially
      the therapy-limiting cumulative toxicity, seem to be lower if compared with the
      continuous low-dose-treatment because of the possibility for complete recovery of
      normal tissue during therapy-free intervals. Correlations between tumor, normal
      tissue and cytotoxic agent are discussed on the basis of cellkinetic findings to
      contribute to a better understanding of the way of action of a high-dose-therapy.

PMID- 955538
TI  - [Unusual angiographic examination methods in bronchial carcinoma. Attempt at
      critical evaluation].
AB  - The examination of mediastinal and pulmonary processes with angiographic methods
      play a decisive role in diagnosis. The results could be improved by combination
      of the procedures.

PMID- 955540
TI  - [Splinters from the lectures by Prof. Peter Stoll, collected by students of the
      main lecture course].

PMID- 955539
TI  - [Determination of gestational age in early pregnancy using ultrasonics].

PMID- 955541
TI  - [Results and tasks of clinical pharmacology (especially pharmacokinetics in
      gynecology].

PMID- 955542
TI  - [Changes in the mouth mucosa during pregnancy and hormonal contraceptive
      treatment].
AB  - The oral mucous membrane, especially the gingiva, may undergo changes during
      pregnancy which, from clinical and histological observations, should be termed
      pregnancy gingival hyperplasia. Such rare cases of hyperplasia mimic pregnancy
      gingival tumours (granuloma gravidarum) within the buccal cavity. The gingival
      changes observed occasionally in women taking oral contraceptives may also be due
      to hormonal causes.

PMID- 955543
TI  - [Frequency of epithelial changes in the uterine cervix in adolescents and young
      women].
AB  - From 1967 to 1974 vaginal and cervical smears of about 46,000 teenage girls and
      young women up to the age of 25 were examined. Among these were 250 doubtful and
      positive cases (0,54%). Of the 67 positive ones 46 cases were known to be
      histologically examined (69%); 8 times an invasive carcinoma and 38 times a
      carcinoma in situ were found. Women under the age of 25 should therefore be
      included in routine check-up with cervical and vaginal smears.

PMID- 955544
TI  - [Vaginal cytology in various age groups and in colpitis and cervicitis].

PMID- 955545
TI  - [Consultation for abortion. Experiences and results].
AB  - During the 12 month period June 1974-June 1975, 170 patients were advised on
      termination of pregnancy in the University Department of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology, Mannheim, the results from 145 women are discussed. 74% of the women
      were married, the majority of whom were between 34-39 years old. 39% lived in
      bad, 40% in average and 21% in good social conditions. In 77 women the pregnancy
      was terminated after permission was granted from the health authority. In 43
      patients the termination was not granted and 25 women did not return to the
      clinic when an expert opinion was demanded. In 50 women a definitive
      sterilisation was carried out at the same time as termination of the pregnancy.

PMID- 955546
TI  - [Experiences during a hospital exchange with Japan].

PMID- 955547
TI  - [Probability of malignant degeneration of ovarian tumors. Clinical study on the
      probability of malignant degeneration].
AB  - More than 600 cases of ovarian tumors were analyzed for histological type, age of
      patient, bilateral occurrence, mobility and malignant degeneration in restant
      ovaries. Tumors of germinal epithelial origin show the highest incidence (24%) of
      malignant degeneration, tumors of germ cells the lowest (3,5%). Incidence of
      malignant degeneration increases in relation to the age of the patient from 2%
      (and under 30 years) to 36,5% (60-70 years). Each form of tumor has its typical
      age peak, which is about 20 years higher for carcinomas than for their benign
      counterpart. Bilateral ovarian tumors are malignant in 29%, one-sided only in
      13%. Among freely movable ovarian tumors, only 6% enclose a malignant tumor,
      among adhaerent ones 34%. The examination of the prognosis of granulosacell
      tumors, dysgerminomas and teratoblastomas is based on a larger material.

PMID- 955548
TI  - [Results of therapy in ovarian neoplasms].
AB  - 35 patients with carcinoma of the ovary were treated at the University Hospital
      Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Ulm between January 1st, 1967 and March
      1st, 1970. Stage Ia patients had the highest five year crude survival rate.
      Histological diagnosis did not play any role in these patients. A 20% crude
      survival rate was noted in stage III-patients. In this group of carcinoma of the
      ovary the best results with a survival rate of 38 months on average were found in
      those women who were treated by "Second look method".

PMID- 955549
TI  - [Heavy metal occurrence in surface-, ground- and deepwaters].

PMID- 955550
TI  - [Preventive medicine views on the sex education of young girls].

PMID- 955551
TI  - [Heart injury due to blunt violence].
AB  - One case of non-penetrating injury of the heart is reported. The problem of the
      causal relation between accident and injury of the heart as well as the problems
      of the pathophysiological mechanisms of non-penetrating traumatic injury of the
      heart are discussed. The localisation of the non-penetrating traumatic injury,
      the volume and the energy of the object causing the injury as well as the
      preexisting degree of coronary sclerosis is of some importance for the severity
      of heart damages after non-penetrating traumatic injuries of the heart.

PMID- 955552
TI  - [Urate nephrolithiasis. Cause of consequence?].
AB  - After World War II the incidence of urolithiasis increased consistently among the
      general population in this country. Nearly 25% of all examined renal calculi
      contain uric acid, sodium acid urate or ammonium acid urate as constituents.
      There are two peaks in lifespan of occurring urate stones: in the adolescence and
      in the age between 40 and 60 years. The following conditions are due to the
      formation of uric acid-containing stones: 1. Gout and primary hyperuricemia; 2.
      secondary hyperuricemia; 3. idiopathic cases with normal renal excretion of uric
      acid and normouricemia, but with a higher degree of acidity of the urine than
      normal considering the total renal excretion of acid products; 4. iatrogenic
      hyperuricemia during insufficient uricosuric therapy. Up to more than 30% of all
      the patients with recurrent formation of oxalate stones show a clear association
      with hyperuricemia, hyperuricosuria and increased renal excretion of calcium. In
      the presence of sodium urate a considerable promotion of precipitation of
      crystals consisting of calcium oxalate from a meta-stable solution may occur (so
      called epitaxy). Frequently the existence of uric acid stones is without any
      symptoms. Modern views with regard to prophylactic procedures, diet, general and
      specific medical management including surgical intervention are presented.

PMID- 955553
TI  - [Worm-diseases].
AB  - Intestinal parasites are common among labourers from foreign countries and in
      immigrants. Some worm-infections like ascaridiasis or enterobiasis occur in
      children quite often even in the cold climates. In cases of ascaridiasis only a
      heavy infection causes clinical symptoms. The diagnosis is made through the
      detection of eggs in the stools, as all the other worm-infections are diagnosed
      from the stool-test. Piperazine-derivatives are highly effective against ascaris;
      another useful drug is Pyrantel-Pamoate. Toxocara canis, which affects normally
      only dogs, can occur occasionally in humans. Its larvae migrate in the body and
      cause granulomas. The main clinical symptom of threadworms (enterobiasis) is
      itching around the anus. This parasite can be eradicated through Pyrvinium
      Pamoate. The first symptom a patient notices in cases of taeniasis are
      proglottides--parts of the worms--which are passed with the stools. The drug of
      choice against all kinds of tapeworms is Niclosamide. Hookworms are rampant in
      tropical countries. Heavy infections can cause severe anemias, especially in
      children. Bephenium-Naphthoate and Bitoscanate are effective drugs against this
      parasite. The whipworm (Trichuris trichura) is very common in the warm countries.
      It can be treated by Tiabendazole and nowadays also with Mebendazole, which is
      virtually atoxic. Infections with Strongyloides stercoralis are difficult to
      eradicate, as there are different ways of reinfection. In case an infection with
      strongyloides is accompanied by other serious diseases cachexia and even fatal
      outcome has been seen.

PMID- 955554
TI  - [Therapy and prevention of chronic respiratory tract diseases].
AB  - 196 patients suffering from chronic infections of the respiratory tract
      (bronchial asthma, spastic bronchitis, sinobronchitis, increased liability to
      infections during childhood) were treated with non-specific hyposensitization by
      Paspat as no improvements had been obtained with other methods. The patients were
      observed for at least one year after the termination of the therapy: Recovery in
      62,2%, clear improvements in 23% of the cases; only 14,8% did not respond. The
      author can now rely on a total of 466 cases, who have been treated by this method
      for 21 years. The results obtained after the childhood were significantly
      improved by modifying the treatment and the remedies and by increasing the
      numbers of injections. Consequently, repeated applications of Paspat for treating
      and preventing chronic infections of the respiratory tract are considered a real
      progress.

PMID- 955555
TI  - New drugs for arthritis.

PMID- 955556
TI  - Computed tomography.

PMID- 955557
TI  - The influence of thyroid function on the diabetogenic action of triamcinolone in
      man. Glucose, insulin and growth hormone patterns after on oral glucose load.
AB  - In subjects with varying thyroid function (12 hypothyroid, 11 euthyroid and 12
      hyperthyroid) an oral glucose tolerance test was performed without sensitization
      (OGTT) and after sensitizing with triamcinolone (TGTT). The blood glucose, serum
      immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and growth hormone (HGH) levels were assessed. In
      hypothyroid subjects a marked deterioration of the glucose tolerance was found
      during the TGTT as compared with OGTT, a reduction of the glucose disappearance
      index (GDI) and almost unchanged IRI values. The decrease of insulinogenic index
      (II) was not significant. In euthyroid subjects the decrease of glucose tolerance
      after triamcinolone was only mild, GDI values remained unaltered, IRI values and
      II increased. In hyperthyroid persons the decrease of glucose tolerance during
      TGTT was even less pronounced than in the euthyroid group, although the IRI value
      increased only on fasting. No significant differences of HGH pattern were
      observed in any group. In our patients the diabetogenic effect of triamcinolone
      was inversely related to the saturation with thyroid hormones and an increased
      response of insulin to glucose load was observed only in euthyroidism. In
      hyperthyroidism the participation of non-insular factors in the mechanism of
      maintaining the glucose tolerance after triamcinolone should be assumed.

PMID- 955558
TI  - Hypoglobulinemia in acromegaly.
AB  - We have observed an apparent hypoglobulinemia in 17 of 35 patients (48.6%) with
      acromegaly. This unexpected finding was persistent and reproducible up to six
      years for five acromegalic patients, and more than one year for nine other
      patients. Serum globulin was analyzed by three different methods, and the
      deficiency was most noticeable in the alpha globulin fraction (alpha1 greater
      than alpha2). When hypoglobulinemia occurred in control hospital in-patients
      (11%) it was associated with chronic or severe illnesses, and limited nutritional
      intake, but similar medical problems were absent in the acromegalic patients.
      There was no correlation of the hypoglobulinemia in the 35 acromegalic patients
      to their growth hormone (GH) concentration (r = 0.07), ages, sex, treatment
      status, or to the seriousness or duration of the acromegaly. The pathophysiology
      of the apparent hypoglobulinemia in acromegaly is unknown, but may be related to
      transport and/or disposal of excess growth hormone, or a defect in protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 955559
TI  - Circulating levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in endemic genu valgum.
AB  - Circulating levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) were estimated in
      fifteen normal subjects and twenty-five subjects suffering from the skeletal
      fluorosis, ten of whom had associated endemic genu valgum. Levels of PTH were
      high in all the subjects with fluorosis as compared to normals, but among
      fluorosis subjects, those who had endemic genu valgum had values strikingly
      higher than those without. It is suggested that secondary hyperparathyroidism may
      have a significant role to play in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis seen in
      patients with endemic genu valgum.

PMID- 955560
TI  - Metabolic effects of pentobarbital narcosis in the rat.

PMID- 955561
TI  - Skeletal muscle HK activity and fasting FFA blood level in man.

PMID- 955562
TI  - Serum TSH and prolactin levels during prolonged muscular exercise.

PMID- 955563
TI  - Serum thyroid hormone levels in patients on thyroxine replacement therapy.

PMID- 955564
TI  - Autoregulatory shift from fructolysis to lactate gluconeogenisis in rat
      hepatocyte suspensions. The problem of metabolic zonation of liver parenchyma.
AB  - Hepatocytes were isolated from fed rats with glucose and insulin and freom fasted
      rats with glucagon in all media in an attempt to obtain cells which might be
      fixed preferentially in either the glycolytic or gluconeogenic state. When tested
      enzymatically, both "fed" and fasted" cells catalyzed glucose formation from
      lactate (gluconeogenesis) and lactate formation from fructose (fructolysis);
      lactate formation from glucose may have occurred in "fed" cells. Thus it was
      impossible, at least in the C3 part of the metabolic pathways between
      triosephosphate and pyruvate, to fix the hepatocytes in either metabolic state.
      The shift from glycolysis to gluconeogenesis could be investigated for the C3
      part in "fasted" cells with fructose as the glycolytic and lactate as the
      gluconeogenic substrate. Lactate was first formed from fructose and later
      reutilized to a large extent. This reconsumption was blocked by the
      gluconeogenesis inhibitor quinolinate, both when tested enzymatically and
      radiochemically. Thus fructolysis was shifted to lactate gluconeogenesis. This
      shift at the assumed phosphoenolpyruvate/pyruvate cycle was autoregulatory, i.e.
      dependent on substrates and independent of circulating horomes. Maximal
      velocities and half saturating concentrations were determined for fructose and
      for lactate as substrates. The kinetic data obtained, especially the sigmoidal
      pattern of fructolysis, could nicely explain phenomenologically the rather sudden
      slow-down of lactate production and the shift to lactate consumption. The levels
      of the metabolites ATP, ADP, AMP, fructose bisphosphate and alanine, which
      control the enzymes of the assumed phosphoenolypyruvate/pyruvate cycle, were
      determined in the cytosol and in the mitochondria before and after the shift from
      fructose glycolysis to lactate gluconeogenesis. The changes observed could not
      explain the shift. Experiments with [14C] fructose plus unlabelled lactate and
      reciprocally, with unlabelled fructose plus [14C] lactate, clearly reveled that
      within the C3 part, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were catalyzed simultaneously.
      The simultaneity of and the shift between fructolysis and gluconeogenesis by the
      liver cell suspension can best be explained by assuming two metabolically
      different types of hepatocytes rather than one type of hepatocyte with
      metabolically equal or different cell compartment. In vivo, the different types
      of hepatocytes would form a gluconeogenic and a glycolytic zone within the liver
      parenchyma. Since, under normal conditions, the size of these metabolic zones
      should remain unaltered, the shift from net glycolysis to net gluconeogenesis
      would be dependent primarily on substrate concentrations (autoregulation).

PMID- 955565
TI  - Plant microbody proteins, III. Labelling of the peroxisomal membrane protein SP
      63 in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Methods were developed to charcterize membranes and membrane components of leaf
      peroxisomes from Lens culinaris. While microbodies from etiolated young leaves
      exhibited an equilibrium density of 1.19 g/cm3, older leaves or leaves exposed to
      light for increasing periods of time contained microbodies banding at higher
      densities up to 1.235 g/cm3. Similar values were also found for the corresponding
      microbody membranes, which could be labelled with diazotized [35S]sulphanilic
      acid. Labelling was also performed using proteins extracted from the membranes.
      Their main structural protein (SP-63) was solubilized with sodium dodecylsulphate
      and labelled with fluorescent compounds as well as with diazotized
      [35S]sulphanilic acid or [3H]iodoacetic acid. These conversions greatly
      facilitate all analytical procedures, e.g. tracing the migration of SP-63 in gels
      or the movement in sucrose gradients containing sodium dodecylsulphate during
      zonal centrifugation. Also, labelling of SP-63 in vivo was accomplished when
      labelled amino acids were infused into etiolated leaves while exposing them to
      light.

PMID- 955566
TI  - Response of isolated rat hepatocytes to D-galactosamine and uridine.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes preserved for several hours their contents of ATP, CTP,
      GTP, UTP and UDPG. Leakage of intracellular and membrane-bound enzymes remained
      in the range observed with the isolated perfused rat liver. D-Galactosamine led
      to a rapid decrease of the UTP and UDPG contents while ATP and GTP levels
      remained unaffected. The sum of acid-soluble uracil nucleotides increased
      immediately after the addition of D-galactosamine, indicating release of the UTP
      mediated feed-back inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide de novo biosynthesis.
      Addition of uridine to a hepatocyte suspension resulted in a rapid increase in
      the levels of uridylate derivatives; the concentrations of UTP and UDPG,
      previously depleted by D-galactosamine, were restored within 1 h. Isolated
      hepatocytes appear suitable for studies on the pathogenic sequence of events
      elicited by D-galactosamine and on the regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis.

PMID- 955567
TI  - Crystallographic structural studies of a human Fc-fragment. I. An electron
      density map at 4 A resolution and a partial model.
AB  - The crystal structure of a human Fc fragment was analysed at 4 A resolution. A
      partial interpretation of the electron-density map in terms of domain structure
      was possible. The molecule has the shape of a mickey mouse. The spherical domain
      was interpreted visually and by domain Patterson function interpretation as the
      CH3 dimer. This dimer resembles closely the CH1-CL dimer found in Fab structures.
      The ellipsoidal "ears" of the molecule represent the CH2 domains. They are widely
      separated from each other, but closely connected to CH3. Their tertiary structure
      must be different from CH1, as Patterson domain interpretations were
      unsuccessful. A chain tracing in CH2 was not yet possible.

PMID- 955568
TI  - [The synthesis of motilin, I: Preparation of the sequence fragments 9 - 22 of [13
      norleucine]motilin and [13-leucine]motilin (author's transl)].
AB  - The syntheses of two suitably protected tetradecapeptides corresponding to the
      sequences 9 - 22 of [13-norlecucine] motilin [H-Glu(OBut)-Leu-Gln-Arg(HBr)-Nle
      Glu(OBut)-Glu(OBut)-Lys(Boc)-Glu(OBut)-Arg(HBr-Asn-Lys(Boc)-Gly-Gln-OBu] and [13
      leucine] motilin, respectively, are described. The two building blocks for the
      total syntheses of the motilin analogs were obtained by fragment-condensation of
      smaller units, prepared by stepwise procedure and corresponding to the sequences
      18 - 22, 14 - 17, 12 - 13 (norleucine- and leucine-derivatives) and 9 - 11.

PMID- 955569
TI  - [The synthesis of motilin, II: Preparation of the complete sequences of [13
      norleucine] motilin and [13-leucine] motilin (author's transl)].
AB  - Syntheses of two analogs of the intestinal hormone motilin containing in position
      13 norleucine and leucine, respectively, are described. For this purpose a
      suitably protected octapeptide-derivative, corresponding to the sequence 1-8, was
      prepared and condensed with the tetradecapeptides 9-22 of [13-norleucine]-motilin
      and [13-leucine] motilin (described in the preceding paper) to give to overall
      protectdd docosapeptides Boc-Phe-Val-Pro-IIe-Phe-Thr-(But)-Tyr(But)-Gly-Glu(OBut)
      Leu-Gln-Arg-(HBr)-Nle-Glu(OBut)-Glu(OBut)-Lys(Boc)-Glu-(OBut)-Arg(HBr)-Asn
      Lys(Boc)-Gly-Gln-OBut and its 13-leucine analog.

PMID- 955570
TI  - [The synthesis of motilin, III: Purification and characterization of (13
      norleucine) motilin and (13-leucine) motilin (author's transl)].
AB  - The preparation of the pure docosapeptide H-Phe-Val-Pro-I1e-Phe-Thr-Tyr-Gly-Glu
      Leu-Gln-Arg-Nle-Glu-Glu-Lys-Glu-Arg-Asn-Lys-Gly-Gln-OH ([Nle13]motilin) and of
      the analogous [Leu13]motilin from the crude synthetic materials obtained after
      deblocking of the overall protected docosapeptide derivatives by means of
      trifluoroacetic acid is described. In a preliminary experiment the separation of
      crude [Nle13]-motilin into several components, some of which being
      indistinguishable by thin layer chromatography, was achieved by repeated ion
      exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-25 and SP-Sephadex C-25. Subsequent
      characterization of some of the isolated side-products, using amino acid analysis
      as well as spectroscopic (UV, CD) and enzymatic methods, in comparison to the
      major product enabled conclusions on the reasons of their formation. The
      undesired formation of des-(Thr6 -Tyr7 Gly8)[Nle13] motilin and of [D-Phe5
      Nle13]motilin could be avoided during the subsequent major synthesis of [Nle13]
      motilin and during the preparation of [Leu13] motilin by changing certain
      synthetic conditions and, respectively, by using a specially purified protected
      fragment of the sequence 1-8, being free of diastereomers. Single ion-exchange
      chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-25 was sufficient for the purification of the so
      obtained crude synthetic end-products.

PMID- 955571
TI  - The synthesis of a cleavable and hydrophilic cross-linking reagent.

PMID- 955572
TI  - A new semisynthesis of human insulin.
AB  - A new semisynthesis of human insulin starting from porcine insulin is described.
      NalphaA1, NalphaB1-di-Boc-desoctapeptide-(B23-30)-insulin bearing 6 free carboxyl
      groups is coupled with the suitably protected human insulin-(B23-30)-octapeptide.
      The preferred reaction site is the carboxyl group of ArgB22. Side products are
      eliminated by extensive chromatographic purification.

PMID- 955573
TI  - [Large scale purification of the acetylcholinesterase from bovine caudate nucleus
      by affinity chromatography (author's transl)].
AB  - The acetylcholinesterase from bovine caudate nucleus was solubilized with 0.6
      0.8% Triton X-100. It was purified and freed from Triton X-100 by means of a two
      fold affinity chromatography procedure. A simple three-step synthesis of the
      inhibitor with attached spacer arm used in affinity chromatography is described.
      Starting from 3 kg of caudate nucleus, nearly 11 mg of the purified
      acetylcholinesterase with a spec. act of 4250 U/mg (13 500-fold purification)
      could be obtained in an over-all yield of 49%. On gel electrophoresis the enzyme
      produces several enzymatically active glycoproteinbands of oligomeres. On sodium
      dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis in the presence of a disulfide-reducing agent
      it yields a molecular weight of 72000 +/- 2000 for the smallest subunit. In the
      absence of a disulfide-reducing agent a band for a dimer besides the band for the
      monomer could be detected and a molecular weight of 142000 +/- 3000 was estimated
      for this species.

PMID- 955574
TI  - [Physico-chemical characterisation and crystallisation of immunoglobulins and
      their fragments: a contribution to the three dimensional structural determination
      of antibodies, III. Human immunoglobulin Kol, a myeloma protein of the type IgG,
      gamma2 kappa2, Gm (f)+. Comparative studies on dissolved and crystalline material
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Immunoglobulin Kol has been isolated and characterised as the intact molecule,
      which consists of an antigen binding part (Fab) and the C-terminal fragment (Fc).
      Crystals of the protein are suitable for X-ray diffraction resolution of the fine
      structure, down to atomic dimensions; but this does not permit the representation
      of the Fc-part of the molecule. The following studies were performed on the
      protein in solution before and after crystallisation; the results were the same
      in both cases, thus showing that crystallisation does not alter the molecule:
      After enzymic cleavage of the protein, the products were isolated and identified
      by immunological reactions and by analytical ultracentrifugation; the behaviour
      of the protein in disc electrophoresis following reductive cleavage was also
      studied.

PMID- 955575
TI  - [Physico-chemical characterisation and crystallisation of immunoglobulins and
      their fragments: a contribution to the three-dimensional structural elucidation
      of antibodies, IV. The Fab fragment and the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin
      Kol; isolation and crystallisation (author's transl)].
AB  - The X-ray fine structure analysis of intact crystalline immunoglobulin Kol
      indicates that the conformation of the Fab region differs essentially from that
      determined for the free Fab fragment. For this investigation, the free Fab
      fragment Kol was prepared and characterised, and crystalline preparations of the
      whole protein were obtained, that were suitable for an elucidation of atomic
      structure, and the appropriate measurements were made. In the crystal structure
      analysis of immunoglobulin Kol, it has not been possible to determine the Fc
      region. The Fc fragment was therefore separated from the whole molecule to
      facilitate its study. The isolation of this Fc fragment, its characterisation and
      subsequent crystallisation are described.

PMID- 955576
TI  - [Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate--a marker lipid of secondary lysosomes? (AUTHOR'S
      TRANSL)].
AB  - Rats were treated with triton, dextran, silver and iron. The lysosomal fractions
      from their livers were isolated and the lipids analysed. (MAG)2P could be
      detected in every phospholipid fraction, accounting for 6-28 per cent of the
      total lipid phosphorus. The composition of the fatty acids from this acidic
      glycerophospholipid shows an extraordinarily high amount of polyenoic fatty acids
      (58-82 per cent of the total), of which docosahexaenoic acid is a main compound.

PMID- 955577
TI  - 1,8-disubstituted analogues of (Ile5) and (Val5)angiotensin II: difference in
      potency and specificity of angiotensin II-antagonistic activity.
AB  - Depending on the species, position 5 in angiotensin II is occupied by isoleucine
      or valine. 1,8-disubstituted analogues of [Ile5]angiotensin II show distinct
      differences from the corresponding [Val5]angiotensin II analogues in the potency
      and specificity of their inhibitory action. The syntheses of new analogues are
      described.

PMID- 955578
TI  - Carboxypeptidase N from pig serum.
AB  - Carboxypeptidase N has been purified 865-fold from pig serum. The enzyme has a
      molecular weight of approximately 315 000. In the presence of dodecylsulfate and
      mercaptoethanol, it dissociates into three subunits of Mr = 90 000, 50 000, 30
      000, respectively. The native enzyme and the subunit of Mr = 90 000 contain
      carbohydrate; no carbohydrate is found in the subunits of Mr = 50 000 and 30 000.
      Trypsin transforms carboxypeptidase N into a form having a smaller molecular
      weight and enhanced activity.

PMID- 955579
TI  - Hormone effects on male sex behavior in adult South African clawed frogs, Xenopus
      laevis.

PMID- 955580
TI  - Mechanical stimulation of mammary gland development in virgin and pregnant rats.

PMID- 955581
TI  - Plasma luteinizing hormone during the breeding cycle of the female ring dove.

PMID- 955582
TI  - Homotypical sexual behavior in gonadectomized female and male rats treated with
      5alpha-19-hydroxytestosterone: comparison with related androgens.

PMID- 955583
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of penile papillae in intact and castrated rats.

PMID- 955584
TI  - Decline of sexual behavior in castrated male rats: effects of female
      precopulatory behavior.

PMID- 955585
TI  - Interactions of progesterone and dihydroprogesterone with dihydrotestosterone on
      estrogen activated sexual receptivity in female mice.

PMID- 955586
TI  - The role of aromatization in androgen stimulation of gerbil scent marking.

PMID- 955587
TI  - Commitment leads to steadily growing home meals program.

PMID- 955588
TI  - Continuing education: enhancing the quality of patient care.

PMID- 955589
TI  - Smaller hospital establishes inhouse equipment program.

PMID- 955590
TI  - Resolving health plan member disputes.

PMID- 955591
TI  - Change marks patterns of revenues and costs.

PMID- 955592
TI  - Outreach program helps eliminate child abuse.

PMID- 955593
TI  - Administrator, assistant relate in cooperation and in challenge.

PMID- 955594
TI  - Hospital regulations reach a collective critical mass-2.

PMID- 955595
TI  - Realign committees that perform medical staff-hospital functions.

PMID- 955596
TI  - Service personnel contribute patient data to health care team.

PMID- 955597
TI  - Health education center accommodates hospital and community in functions and
      design.

PMID- 955598
TI  - Linking private, public energies in health and welfare planning.

PMID- 955599
TI  - Great future seen for pain-killing device.

PMID- 955600
TI  - Employees must have sense of freedom, worth.

PMID- 955601
TI  - Management improvement project becomes ongoing hospital program.

PMID- 955602
TI  - Weekly report matches staff with work load.

PMID- 955603
TI  - Computer simulation model provides design framework.

PMID- 955605
TI  - Surveying the status of hospital vending operations.

PMID- 955604
TI  - Consumer management program aims for total health education.

PMID- 955606
TI  - Childbirth center responds to demands for more family participation.

PMID- 955607
TI  - Our forgotten "public": government representatives.

PMID- 955608
TI  - Wheelchair maintenance, refurbishment, and replacement.

PMID- 955609
TI  - Resolving health plan/member disputes.

PMID- 955611
TI  - Trends in the volumes of services utilized.

PMID- 955610
TI  - Management control and the chart of accounts.

PMID- 955612
TI  - Coping with a strike by doctors.

PMID- 955613
TI  - Medical center plans future by analyzing alternatives.

PMID- 955614
TI  - System links nurse call/locator, patient intercom, emergency call.
AB  - The communications system has improved patient care; nursing personnel have found
      it to be extremely valuable and easy to use; and physicians are pleased with it,
      because their patients are receiving better care and because communications are
      speeded when they call a floor for information or to give instructions.
      Installation and use of the system have proved that, with proper planning,
      hospitals can incorporate custom-designed systems and features into new
      construction at reasonable cost. Memorial Hospital now is in the process of
      proving that these innovations also can be incorporated into a remodeling and
      modernization program. Of course, among the key elements in the success of such
      endeavors are the willingness and the ability of equipment designers and
      manufacturers to satisfy specialized needs.

PMID- 955615
TI  - Hospital-based program shows advantages of using frozen blood.

PMID- 955616
TI  - Simple method helps to detect transfusion specimen errors.

PMID- 955617
TI  - Pharmacist, nurse cooperate in taking drug histories.

PMID- 955618
TI  - O.R. pollution can have adverse effect on safety.

PMID- 955619
TI  - Sterilization quality assurance procedure.

PMID- 955620
TI  - "The forgotten shifts" 3-11:00 and 11--7:00.

PMID- 955621
TI  - What is this thing called human relations?

PMID- 955622
TI  - Setting up an external disaster procedure; and the role of the nursing service
      supervisor.

PMID- 955623
TI  - Wage incentives: good news or bad?

PMID- 955624
TI  - Structural variability of human chromosome 9 in relation to its evolution.
AB  - Human chromosome 9 shows a high susceptibility for structural rearrangements,
      particularly pericentric inversions, which often are transmitted. Three types of
      pericentric inversions can be observed on No. 9: 1) Type I, showing the total
      constitutive heterochromatin in the short arm. 2) Type II with part of the C
      heterochromatin on the short arm, the rest located on the long arm proximal to
      the centromere. 3) Type III: a subtelocentric chromosome with part of the C
      heterochromatin in the very short arm and the rest located interstitially on the
      long arm. With these inversions as well as with other structural rearrangements,
      e.g. translocations, the break-points are located preferentially within the C
      heterochromatin or close to the heterochromatic-euchromatic junctions. These
      findings are in contrast to the findings in lymphocytes from 5 patients with
      fancomi's and after irradiation in vitro, reported in the literature. In
      lymphocytes break-points seem to be distributed more or less by chance. These
      observations together led us to speculate that human chromosome 9 primarily was
      an acrocentric chrosome; in morphology and at least in some functions similar to
      D- and G-group chromosomes. During evolution this acrocentric chromsome changed
      to a submetacentric one due to a pericentric inversion.

PMID- 955625
TI  - [Karyotype-phenotype correlation in a 46,Xdel(X) (p22) diagnosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In a patient with a height of 1.46 m, short neck and cubitus valgus the
      unbalanced karyotype 46,Xdel(X)(p22) was found. The mother of the proband has the
      balanced karyotype 46,Xt(X;15)(p22;p1). The mother is 1.56 m tall and has a short
      neck and cubitus valgus too. For this reason the deletion of the Xp22 band seems
      to cause the short stature of Turner patients. Our proband has had 2 pregnancies
      which ended as abortions in the 2nd and 4th month. As Giraud et al. (1974) have
      shown the deletion of the dark middle bande of the short X chromosome arm induces
      a slight dysgenesie of the gonade.

PMID- 955626
TI  - 47,+(9q-) in unrelated three children with plasma growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Marker chromosomes carried by unrelated 3 cases were identified as a part of No.
      9 chromosome through the analysis of the chromatid fine structure after trypsin
      giemsa treatment. They showed characteristic features of that 9p trisomic
      syndrome which were described by Rethore et al. (1973). In addition to those
      features, some clinical and laboratory findings on growth hormon deficiency were
      disclosed in this report.

PMID- 955627
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin M, G, and A concentration levels in Turner's syndrome
      compared with normal women and men.
AB  - Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and
      immunoglobulin A (IgA) were determined in 15 women with a lack of X chromsome
      material (Turner's syndrome), and compared with the immunoglobulin concentrations
      in normal men and women. Further, the investigation is supplemented by a
      comparison of normal women and the Turner group matched according to age. The
      serum concentrations of IgG and IgA in women with Turner's syndrome were very
      close to the concentration in serum from normal men, whereas the concentration of
      IgM was significantly lower. Compared to normal women the concentrations of IgG
      and IgM were significantly lower, and the concentration of IgA significantly
      higher in the Turner group. Whether these differences in serum immunoglobulins
      are determined by hormonal factors or under direct genetic control linked to the
      X chromosomes, is discussed.

PMID- 955628
TI  - Biochemical characteristics of collagen produced by long term cultivated amniotic
      fluid cells.
AB  - The synthesis of the most common type I of collagen was proven in human amniotic
      fluid cell culture with fibroblast morphology in the cells as well as in the
      culture medium. Mesenchymal origin of long term cultivated amniotic fluid cells
      is indicated and the possibility of prenatal investigation of hereditary
      disorders of connective tissue is pointed out.

PMID- 955629
TI  - The trisomy 18 syndrome with an E/G translocation.
AB  - An infant with a typical Edwards syndrome and a modal chromosome number of 46 is
      reported. In all cells analyzed one chromosome G was missing and an additional
      chromosome similar to a pair No. 16 was present. The phenotype of the child
      indicates that the extra element is a translocation between G and 18 chromosomes
      as in one case described previously.

PMID- 955630
TI  - A female infant with monosomy 21.
AB  - A female infant with total monosomy 21 identified by Q banding is described. The
      main clinical features were hypertonia, prominent occiput, hypertelorism,
      antimongoloid slant of the eyes, broad nose, "antimongoloid", character of
      dermatoglyphics. Both parents are phenotypically as well as karyotypically
      normal.

PMID- 955631
TI  - 9p trisomy identified by Giemsa-11.
AB  - The Giemsa-11 technique specifically stains the secondary constriction region of
      chromosome 9. We report cytologic evidence for 9p trisomy in a 4 1/2-year-old
      girl with moderate retardation and multiple anomalies, using the Giemsa-11
      technique.

PMID- 955632
TI  - No close linkage between MNSs and the red cell acid phosphatase.

PMID- 955633
TI  - Studies of haptoglobin and transferrin types in four castes of the Panjab,
      Northern India.
AB  - Serum samples from 197 individuals belonging to the caste groups of Brahmin (37),
      Bania (39), Khatri (73) and Jat (48) were electrophoretically examined for the
      haptoglobin and transferrin systems. Intercaste variation was considered and
      comparisons made between these North Indian populations and those in other parts
      of the Indian subcontinent. A single Khatri individual was typed CB.

PMID- 955634
TI  - On the geographical variability of the red cell PGM1 and acid phosphatase gene
      frequencies.
AB  - Based on the hitherto published population data of the human red cell PGM1 and
      acid phosphatase polymorphisms, the geographical distributions of their gene
      frequencies were analyzed. As far as the acid phosphatase alleles are concerned,
      a marked geographical gradient was found as the Pa and Pb alleles showed
      significant correlations with the mean annual temperatures of the various human
      biotopes (Pa:r = -0.706; Pb:r = +0.812). Against that, the world distribution of
      the PGM1 alleles did not show a comparable correlation (PGM1 1:R = +0.063; PGM2
      1:R = -0.063). The possible reasons for the distribution pattern of the acid
      phosphatase alleles are discussed.

PMID- 955635
TI  - Superoxide dismutase variants in Newfoundland--a gene from Scandinavia?
AB  - An electrophoretic survey of variant red cell enzyme phenotypes in an isolated
      community in Newfoundland gave gene frequencies in marked contrast to those found
      in the capital, St. John's. In particular, a variant of red cell superoxide
      dismutase (SOD) gave a high variant frequency. Possible origins of the variant
      SOD allele are discussed.

PMID- 955636
TI  - Human red cell acid phosphatase: quantitative evidence of a silent gene PO, and a
      Danish population study.
AB  - In a forensic case of disputed paternity an apparent mother/child incompatibility
      with respect to red cell acid phosphatase was found, the mother appearing as type
      A and the child as type B. Determination of electrophoretic type and of acid
      phosphatase activity in 8 of the family members strongly suggested the presence
      of a silent gene PO in 4 of the individuals. The phosphatase levels in the four
      heterozygotes were about half the values expected from normal values determined
      in 100 healthy adults representing the different phenotypes. The distribution of
      red cell acid phosphatase types in 3,735 unrelated Danish adults and in 1,109
      mother/child pairs is reported; gene frequencies Pa = 0.369, Pb = 0.566 and Pc =
      0.065. The PO gene frequency was roughly estimated as 0.001. Results are reported
      on the application of the red cell acid phosphatase system to 300 2-men cases of
      disputed paternity.

PMID- 955637
TI  - Pancreatic amylase polymorphism: another example of a distinctive gene frequency
      among Sardinians.
AB  - The authors investigate the distribution of electrophoretic patterns of
      pancreatic amylase in 319 Sardinians and in 476 blood donors living in Naples.
      The results obtained show a difference in the phenotype frequency of the Amy2
      duplication variant between Sardinians (1.25%) and Neapolitans (5.25%) which is
      statistically significant (p less than 0.01). This further confirms that
      Sardinians show peculiar ethnic characteristics as compared to other Caucasian
      groups, even to those living in the Mediterranean area.

PMID- 955638
TI  - The G syndrome. A four-generation family study.
AB  - A male infant with hypertelorism, hypospadias, swallowing difficulties with
      tendency to regurgitation and cough, high arched palate, and a delicate voice,
      consistent with the G syndrome, is reported. In the family the same symptoms in
      addition to cleft lip and palate were known in several family members through
      four generations. In the females only slight manifestations of the syndrome were
      found, and in the males variable expression of symptoms was observed. Autosomal
      dominant inheritance is likely, but X-linked inheritance cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 955639
TI  - On the genetics and population genetics of Gm(4).
AB  - Investigations on 70 German families with 142 children confirmed the autosomal
      dominant inheritance of Gm(4). However, in our material as well as in the
      materials published so far, Gm(4) X Gm(-4) parental combinations show clear
      surplusses of Gm(4) and deficits of Gm(-4) children, which might indicate
      prenatal selection. The world distribution of Gm4 alleles reveals a remarkable
      racial heterogeneity. Furthermore, marked North-South distribution gradients in
      Caucasoids and Mongoloids were found. The genetical and population genetical
      observations are discussed.

PMID- 955640
TI  - Polymorphism of human red cell adenosine deaminase, esterase d, glutamate
      pyruvate transaminase and galactose-1-phosphate-uridyltransferase in the swiss
      population.

PMID- 955641
TI  - Two kindred with the rare dominant inhibitor of the lutheran and p1 red cell
      antigens.
AB  - Two kindred each showing the dominant inheritance of the rare phenotype lu(a-b-)
      in the Lutheran blood group system are recorded. The pedigrees illustrate the
      expected upset in the occurrence of the P1 antigen in the Lu(a-b-) members. A
      third Lu(a-b-) propositus of the dominant type was found after testing a further
      3,197 donors on the East Anglian panel. The phenotype Lu(a-b-) may not be quite
      as rare as previously supposed.

PMID- 955642
TI  - Population genetic studies in kerala and the nilgiris (South West India).
AB  - A total of nearly 1,000 persons belonging to a number of caste, religious and
      tribal groupings in Kerala and the Nilgiri Hills of South India have been tested
      for genetic variation in 4 blood group, 5 serum protein and 17 enzyme systems as
      well as haemoglobin. The distribution of blood groups, serum protein and enzyme
      groups is similar to that reported for other South Indian populations. Abnormal 
      haemoglobins were detected in several populations. Abnormal haemoglobins were
      detected in several populations, HbS being present in more than 20% of the Irula
      and Kurumba in the Nilgiri Hills. In the Kerala populations there were 4 examples
      of Hb AD and 1 of Hb AE. Genetic distance estimates using the gene frequency data
      indicate that the closest groups are the Nayar and Izhava and the Brahmin and
      Nayar. The tribal populations are approximately twice as far from the Nayar as
      they are from the Izhava. The Todas of the Nilgiri Hills are somewhat closer to
      the Brahmin of Kerala than they are to the other tribal populations.

PMID- 955643
TI  - The study of genetic variation in Nigeria. II. The genetics of polydactyly.
AB  - The analysis of polydactyly in the Nigerian population has revealed a frequency
      of 22.78 per thousand, with slight variations from one region of the country to
      another. All polydactyly was post-axial and most was of type B. Although we
      expected this frequency to be the same in both males and females, we observed
      that females have a significantly lower frequency (17.92 per thousand) than the
      males (27.08 per thousand). This condition appears to be inherited as an
      autosomal dominant gene with a penetrance of 64.9%, and highly variable
      expressivity. There does not seem to be any phenotypic difference between
      individuals who are homozygous and those who are heterozygous for the gene.

PMID- 955644
TI  - Serum protein polymorphisms in North Vietnam.

PMID- 955645
TI  - Human saliva esterases: genetic studies.
AB  - Esterases from human saliva have been demonstrated by the zymogram technique.
      Three phenotypes were found in region 1. Family and population studies suggested
      that these phenotypes are the products of an autosomal locus with two alleles,
      Set-1F and Set-1S. Region 1 esterases are carboxylesterases.

PMID- 955646
TI  - Lymphocytocidal lymphocyte trapping by human lymph node cells: a tissue culture
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - An ultrastructural study was carried out on 25 lymphocyte-trapping cells selected
      from tissue cultures of human axillary lymph nodes. The trapping cells contained
      several hundred intravacuolar lymphocytes, most of which showed degenerative
      changes. The principal findings are: (a) a braod spectrum of lymphocyte
      degeneration; (b) a consistent pattern of lymphocyte degeneration beginning with
      perinuclear vacuoles and ending with breakdown of the nuclear envelope; (c) the
      viable lymphocytes tended to be located in a  juxtanuclear region; (d) a
      lysosomal relationship was suggested for lymphocyte degeneration but not for
      lymphocyte  trapping; and (e) degeneration of the trapping cell, or lymphocytes
      associated with other cells, was not observed. The sequence of degenerative 
      changes differs from those reported for several classes of lymphocytocidal
      agents. There were no morphologic properties of the trapping cell which served to
      identify it more specifically. The findings, together with previous time-lapse
      film observations, warrant further investigation of the hypothesis that
      lymphocytocidal lymphocyte trapping may be involved in the control of lymphocyte
      populations.

PMID- 955647
TI  - Occurrence of minute ring-shaped nucleoprotein particles in culture media
      conditioned by mammalian cells.
AB  - Conditioned media of 21 mammalian cell lines have been examined by electron
      microscopic and biochemical techniques for the presence of a minute ring-shaped
      nucleoprotein particle (RSP). Electron microscopy showed the presence of RSP in
      20 of the 21 cell lines tested. Comparative analyses of sex cell cultures for
      radioactive RSP, following 3H-thymidine incorporation, suggested that
      quantitative differences exist in the amount of RSP detectable in conditioned
      media of normal and pathologic cells. The cell lines tested included cells of
      different morphologies, origin and function

PMID- 955648
TI  - Incorporation and uptake of thymidine and uridine by HeLa cells: effect of DNA
      extracts prepared from normal human fibroblasts.
AB  - The incorporation and uptake of (3H) thymidine into HeLa cells markedly decreased
      in the presence of nuclear homogenates and DNA extracts that have been derived
      from normal diploid cell cultures. On the other hand, uridine uptake and
      incorporation were stimulated under the same conditions. The inhibition could be
      reversed immediately upon removal of the exogenous fraction from the culture
      medium. The inhibitory properties of the extracts are propagated by excreted
      cellular components as well as after DNAase treatment. The inhibitory factor is
      thermostable, resistant to pronase treatment, and seems to be related to nucleic
      acid.

PMID- 955649
TI  - Comparative study of extracellular amino acids in culture of human liver and
      fibroblastic cells.
AB  - Amino acid concentration are studied in the extracellular media of ten series of
      human fibroblast and liver cell monolayer cultures. These two cell types consume
      and produce ostensively the same amino acids. Among the nonessential amino acids,
      the most significant variations involve serine and aspartate which are decreased;
      alpha-alanine, glutamate, ornithine and proline are, on the contrary, increased.
      Among the essential amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and glutamine are
      preferentially decreased. The variations of some amino acids are correlated with
      the cell density. The interrelations which may exist between the variations of
      these different amino acids are discussed. Furthermore, the glycolytic acitivity
      of the cells studied is very high: 85% of glucose consumed is found in the form
      of lactate.

PMID- 955650
TI  - Effect of prolactin on maintenance of prelactating human mammary gland in vitro.
AB  - Human mammary tissue from a female at the end of the second trimester of
      pregnancy was studied in organ culture in a chemically defined medium. Sampling
      was carried out at 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Without hormones, there was nearly total
      lobuloalveolar degeneration in all specimens at all times. Addition of insulin,
      hydrocortisone and ovine prolactin, in combination at a concentration of 5 mug
      per ml each, did not affect the extent of degeneration. Raising the concentration
      of prolactin to 50 mug per ml resulted in greatly improved lobulo-alveolar
      maintenance in all specimens and continued epithelial cell DNA synthesis for up
      to 3 weeks in vitro.

PMID- 955651
TI  - Vibrational spectra of glycine, alanine and proline oligomers in relation to
      their polymeric forms.

PMID- 955652
TI  - A molecular orbital study of electronic spectra of thymine, its photodimerization
      and photodeactivation of DNA.

PMID- 955653
TI  - Effect of size-heterogeneity of denatured T7 DNA molecules on their renaturation.

PMID- 955654
TI  - Influence of monovalent cations on aminoacylation of transfer RNA.

PMID- 955655
TI  - On the structural features of the substrates of protein kinase.

PMID- 955656
TI  - Studies on sheep brain neuraminidase.

PMID- 955657
TI  - Hypolipidaemic action of the polysaccharide from Phaseolus mungo (blackgram):
      effect on lipid metabolism.

PMID- 955658
TI  - Effect of alcohol intake on rat hepatic enzymes & thyroid function.

PMID- 955659
TI  - Natural plant enzyme inhibitors: Part II-protease inhibitors of seeds.

PMID- 955661
TI  - Statistical analysis of the conformational parameters in amino acids studied by
      neutron diffraction.

PMID- 955660
TI  - Chemical composition & fatty acid pattern of lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio
      cholerae.

PMID- 955662
TI  - Uptake of epinephrine by Hartmannella culbertsoni during differentiation.

PMID- 955663
TI  - Changes in membrane constituents and membrane-bound enzymes during the maturation
      of rabbit reticulocytes.

PMID- 955664
TI  - Effect of heating on UV spectra of DNA treated with urethan in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 955665
TI  - Physico-chemical studies of cell surface: adhesion of cells to glass.

PMID- 955666
TI  - Effect of oxygen tension on oxidative phosphorylation in Mycobacterium phlei.

PMID- 955667
TI  - Rat liver nuclear lysozyme and its inhibitor.

PMID- 955668
TI  - Moisture sorption hysteresis on raw and treated collagen fibres.

PMID- 955669
TI  - Chemical and immunochemical studies on lipopolysaccharide from Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis type VI.

PMID- 955670
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of an antigen from the cattle tick,
      Boophilus microplus.

PMID- 955671
TI  - Immunochemical studies of horseradish peroxidase. Factors affecting the
      inhibition of enzyme activity by specific antibody.

PMID- 955672
TI  - Subunit structure and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the three chains of
      cholera enterotoxin.

PMID- 955673
TI  - Anti-DNP response in gibbons (Hylobates lar).

PMID- 955674
TI  - The effect of cytophilic IgG2 on phagocytosis by ovine polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes.
AB  - Non-lactating, multiparous ewes were immunized either by subcutaneous infection
      with live Staphylococcus aureus (seventeen ewes) or by intramuscular injections
      of a killed S. aureus-oil adjuvant vaccine (seventeen ewes). Polymorphs which
      were subsequently collected from the mammary glands of the animals were used in
      in vitro phagocytosis assays against Pseudomonas sp. or S. aureus. There was no
      difference between polymorphs from the two groups of ewes in their ability to
      phagocytose Pseudomonas organisms. Polymorphs from the infected ewes showed
      significant phagocytic superiority over cells from ewes given the killed vaccine
      when S. aureus was the target organism. This phagocytic superiority could be
      abrogated by removal of cytophilic immunoglobulin from polymorphs and restored by
      replacement of cytophilic immunoglobulin. It was shown by staining polymorphs
      with FITC-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin sera that cytophilic immunoglobulin on
      the surface of polymorphs belonged to the IgG2 class of immunoglobulins. When
      'neutral' polymorphs (from non-immunized ewes) were coated with IgG2 purified
      from the sera of infected ewes, they exhibited enhanced phagocytosis of
      staphylococci compared with 'neutral' polymorphs carying IgG2 from the sera of
      ewes given the killed vaccine.

PMID- 955675
TI  - Secondary cytotoxic cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. I.
      Kinetics of induction in vitro and yields of effector cells.
AB  - Secondary (memory) cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in lymphoid cells from CBA/H
      mice pre-primed with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) 5-7 weeks
      previously were induced by culturing these cells in vitro with syngeneic,
      infected peritoneal cells at 37 degrees for periods of up to 5 days. Cytotoxic
      effectors were assayed against LCM infected, H-2 compatible target cells in a
      51Cr release assay. Response was greater with a higher ratio (1:10) of infected
      peritoneal cells:pre-primed cells than with lower ratios (e.g. 1:250). Separating
      responders from infected cells by a 450 mmum nucleopore membrane (coarse enough
      to allow passage of virus particles) still permitted induction of a secondary
      response whilst interposition of a 50 mmum nucleopore membrane (which apparently
      prevented transit of virus particles) virtually abolished the secondary response.
      Removal of phagocytic cells from responders prior to setting up memory cultures
      greatly reduced responders' capacity to be induced. Fixed, infected stimulators
      still induced strong secondary responses. Secondary response was maximal with
      spleen cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, or pooled iliac and lumbar lymph node
      cells. Thymocytes responded less well, whilst mesenteric lymphoid cells and
      peritoneal cells gave minimal responses. Effector cells from memory cultures
      killed targets with single-hit kinetics and a rectilinear log effectors: log
      targets lysed relation held. Memory spleen cells developed increasing cytolytic
      activity from 2 to 5 days in culture. Memory-generated effectors were markedly
      potent by day 5, e.g. giving 70 per cent specific release at a killer:target
      ratio of 0-8:1. Peak DNA synthesis occurred on day 4. We conclude that memory
      effectors as a population differ in kinetics and potency from effectors obtained
      by primary viral challenge in the mouse.

PMID- 955676
TI  - Studies on the interaction of the Sophora japonica lectin and concanavalin A with
      erythrocytes and lymphocytes.
AB  - The agglutinating activity of lectins from the seeds of Sophora japonica and
      Canavalia ensiformis (concanavalin A) with human and murine erythrocytes and
      lymphocytes have been compared to one another and related to the mitogenic and
      immunosuppressive properties of these purified proteins. The S. japonica lectin,
      which demonstrates blood group specificity, is more active than concanavalin A
      with human erythrocytes, but has a much lower reactivity than concanavalin A with
      murine red blood cells. Ficin treatment of human erythrocytes results in an
      increase in agglutinability by both lectins as well as causing the appearance of
      S. japonica lectin receptors on type O cells. Treatment of murine reythrocytes
      with ficin alone or followed by beta-galactosidase causes the cells to be more
      reactive with concanavalin A. Beta-Galactosidase alone has no observable affect
      on the cells. In contrast, the agglutinability of cells by the S. japonica lectin
      increases after ficin treatment but is not affected by beta-galaetosidose
      treatment either after or in the absence of ficinization. Murine lymphocytes
      react with both lectins in a manner paralleling the agglutination patterns of
      murine erythrocytes. The S. japonica lectin appears to be devoid of mitogenic and
      immuno-suppressive activity, in contrast to concanavalin A which suppresses the T
      helper-dependent antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. These results are
      discussed in terms of the types of lectin receptors on lymphocytes related to
      agglutination, induction of blastogenesis and immuno-suppression.

PMID- 955677
TI  - Cell division and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in cultures of stimulated
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The responses of lymphocytes cultured with various stimulants were analysed with
      respect to DNA synthesis and cell division. Autoradiographic labelling with
      [3H]thymidine indicated that similar proportions of cells had incorporated this
      labelled precursor for DNA synthesis during both short and long periods of
      exposure to this specific precursor for DNA synthesis. Changes in labelling index
      (LI) after pulsing these cells with [3H]thymidine showed that exchange of
      labelled material, which could not be chased out with unlabelled thymidine, was
      responsible for the increases of LI seen. Failure to prevent this increase with
      excess unlabelled thymidine indicated that direct incorporation of [3H]thymidine
      did not account for this exchange. Using hydroxyurea and colcemid arrest to
      analyse cell cycle events in these cultures, it was shown that approximately 70
      per cent of the responding cells in cultures of stimulated lymphocytes, while
      actively synthesizing DNA, were not in cell cycle for division. It was concluded
      that DNA turnover, involving synthesis and exchange of newly synthesized
      material, possibly DNA, was occurring in these cells.

PMID- 955678
TI  - Inhibitory effect of carrier and hapten preimmunization on delayed
      hypersensitivity to the carrier.
AB  - The different components of the immune response to hapten-carrier conjugates have
      been supposed to interact with each other. In order to elucidate the
      interrelationship between hapten and carrier moieties of the antigen molecule at
      the cellular level, the homologous carrier alone or the hapten conjugated to an
      heterologous carrier were injected before immunization with the hapten-carrier
      conjugate. Delayed hypersensitivity to the carrier could be depressed by
      pretreatment with the hapten or with the carrier depending on which time interval
      was chosen to elapse between the two injections. The results could be explained
      by antigenic competition, occurring at the cellular level, between hapten and
      carrier moieties of the antigen molecule.

PMID- 955679
TI  - The mediation of tissue eosinophilia in hypersensitivity reactions. II.
      Separation of a delayed eosinophil chemotactic factor from macrophage chemotactic
      factors.
AB  - In anaphylactic cutaneous lesions induced by DNP-ascaris extract in the guinea
      pig, the time-course of delayed tissue eosinophilia was found to parallel that of
      the macrophage reaction, reaching its peak in 24 h. Macrophages could be
      differentiated from lymphocytes by the numerous lysosomal granules which stained
      for acid phosphatase. Extracts from such skin lesions contained a delayed
      eosinophil chemotactic factor and two different macrophage chemotactic factors.
      Most of the delayed eosinophil chemotactic factor was separated from the two
      macrophage chemotactic factors by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G
      200 in that order. The eosinophil chemotactic factor after re-chromatography on
      Sephadex G-I99 showed no or little chemotactic activity for macrophages.

PMID- 955680
TI  - Lectin-dependent neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity. I. Characteristics.
AB  - Isolated normal human peripheral neutrophils became cytotoxic to chicken red
      blood cells (CRBC) in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin
      A (Con A), a phenomenon which we have termed lectin-dependent neutrophilmediated
      cytotoxicity (LDNMC). Substantial cytotoxicity could be demonstrated by 1 h of
      incubation at 37 degrees. Isolated human peripheral lymphocytes were not
      cytotoxic to CRBC in the presence of these lectins, even after 18 h of
      incubation. Both PHA and Con A exhibited dose responses over a wide concentration
      range and displayed progressive, time-dependent cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity for
      both PHA and Con A was greater at 37 degrees than at 22 degrees, and was
      undetectable at 4 degrees. CRBC as target cells were much more readily lysed than
      either sheep or human erythrocytes. Erythrophagocytosis did not appear to play a
      role.

PMID- 955681
TI  - Lectin-dependent neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity. II. Possible mechanisms.
AB  - The mechanisms whereby neutrophils become cytotoxic to chicken erythrocyte (CRBC)
      target cells were investigated in a system of lectin-dependent neutrophil
      mediated cytotoxicity (LDNMC). Through the use of drugs and specific metabolic
      inhibitors, LDNMC was found to be dependent on energy supplied by anaerobic
      glycolysis and on other active metabolic functions of the neutrophil. 2
      Iodoacetamide, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate, colchicine,
      cytochalasin B, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP all caused dose-dependent inhibition of
      cytotoxicity, while inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis were without
      effect. Cell surface membrane-active agents, such as chloroquine, hydrocortisone
      and chlorpromazine inhibited cytotoxicity, while vitamin A caused enhancement.
      Lectins which agglutinated neutrophils, but not necessarily CRBC, such as
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P), concanavalin A (Con A), soybean agglutinin (SBA),
      and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), mediated cytotoxicity while lectins which
      did not cause agglutination, such as pokeweed mitogen (PWM), did not mediate
      cytotoxicity. Preincubation of neutrophils, but not CRBC with PHA-P, resulted in
      time-dependent enhancement of cytotoxicity, while pre-incubation with Con A
      yielded progressive inhibition of cytotoxicity. These studies suggest that lectin
      binding to the cell surface causes alterations of the membrane, that LDNMC
      requires cell to cell surface contact, and that cytotoxicity depends on active
      metabolic processes.

PMID- 955682
TI  - Diurnal rhythmic activity in the heart-beat of the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes
      C. L. Koch.

PMID- 955683
TI  - Exaggerated response of rumino-reticular contraction to medullary stimulation in
      the buffalo.

PMID- 955684
TI  - Effect of cannabis & opium on the testis of the pigeon Columba livia Gmelin.

PMID- 955685
TI  - Role of reticuloendothelial stimulators in induced coronary atherogenesis & lipid
      metabolism in cholesterol fed cockerels.

PMID- 955686
TI  - Comparative studies on arginase of the liver of some vertebrates.

PMID- 955687
TI  - 1,3-Bistertiary-aminomethyl pyrrocolines, a new class of hypotensive agents.

PMID- 955688
TI  - Yeast extract in media for in vitro cultivation of cestodes.

PMID- 955689
TI  - Role of Mg2+ & Fe3+ on the reversal of Ni2+ toxicity in Inaba serotypes of Vibrio
      cholerae & Vibrio eltor.

PMID- 955690
TI  - Cuticular modification in a parasitic copepod Pennella elegans.

PMID- 955691
TI  - Effect of two Ayurvedic drugs Shilajeet & Eclinol on changes in liver & serum
      lipids produced by carbon tetrachloride.

PMID- 955692
TI  - Free amino acids & aminotransferases in the nervous system of the aestivating
      snail Pila globosa (Swainson).

PMID- 955693
TI  - Studies on osmoregulation in three trematodes of Rana tigrina.

PMID- 955694
TI  - Effect of erythritol & sex hormones on the growth of Brucella species.

PMID- 955695
TI  - Miliary mycoplasmal pneumonia: a report of six cases.
AB  - Six cases of miliary pneumonia are reported, in which the marked increase in
      antibody titers showed that Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the probable cause. The
      clinical picture of these patients showed an acute and severe onset, with the
      appearance of diffuse alveolitis. The outcome of the disease depended on the time
      of initiation of treatment in relationship to the onset of symptoms. One case was
      seen to progress to fibrosing alveolitis with persistent impairment of diffusion.
      This observation suggests the possibility that some cases of pulmonary fibrosis
      of unknown aetiology may be due to previous mycoplasmal infection.

PMID- 955696
TI  - Effect of Mycoplasma pheumoniae infection on cell-mediated immunity.
AB  - The effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on cell-mediated immunity was
      examined by two methods: the first method was the tuberculin skin test and the
      other was the measurement of the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation response to
      purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin. Twenty-nine patients out of a
      total of 47 patients with a lower respiratory tract illness caused by M.
      pneumoniae had a negative tuberculin skin test when first tested. Twenty-three
      out of 26 patients with a negative tuberculin reaction in the early phase of the
      illness had a positive skin test when they were retested several weeks or months
      after the illness. The lymphocyte stimulation response to PPD was examined in 13
      patients. In eight of these cases the lymphocyte response to PPD was
      significantly lower during illness than after recovery. Six control subjects
      showed no significant difference in their lymphocyte responsiveness to PPD when
      examined on two different occasions. These studies show that M.pneumoniae
      infection causes transient depression of cell-mediated immunity.

PMID- 955697
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation studies in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.
AB  - The in vitro transformation of lymphocytes stimulated by a Mycoplasma pneumoniae
      preparation was measured by the uptake of 14C-thymidine. The lymphocytes from
      five patients with M.pneumoniae pneumonia showed a high degree of responsiveness
      when they were compared to the lymphocytes taken from eleven healthy control
      subjects who lacked M.pneumoniae antibodies. Another four patients with an acute
      affection of the central nervous system and serological evidence of an actual or
      recent M.pneumoniae infection had a lymphocyte response within the same range as
      that of the controls. The transformation of lymphocytes was studied at intervals
      for seven months after the onset of the illness in one of the patients with
      pneumonia. These studies showed an increasing response to a small dose of
      mycoplasma antigen. Lymphocyte transformation induced by other microbial antigens
      was studied in three pneumonia patients during and after convalescence. The first
      responses were low and increased more steeply than the response to M.pneumoniae.
      The later responses to the mycoplasmal and to the other microbial antigens
      increased in parallel. The usefulness of incorporating other microbial antigens
      in the evaluation of the patient's immune response to a relevant antigen in this
      type of experiment is discussed.

PMID- 955698
TI  - Epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the United Kingdom: an
      analysis of reports to the Public Health Laboratory Service of England and Wales.
AB  - Infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae appears to follow a cyclic pattern in the
      United Kindom, with periods of increased prevalence lasting about two years.
      Outbreaks occurred in 1971-1972 and 1974-75, and probably also in 1967-68.
      Infection confirmed by laboratory tests appeared to be commonest in older
      children, especially those aged 5-14, and least common in adults over 65 years of
      age. Lower respiratory tract infection was the clinical feature most frequently
      reported.

PMID- 955699
TI  - The laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in
      Switzerland.
AB  - The analysis of approximately 60,000 serum samples collected from patients with
      different clinical symptoms between 1965 and 1975 in Switzerland yielded positive
      reactions indicating a recent infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 2-30%
      during this period. Among 1,555 patients with clinical symptoms of an acute
      respiratory infection, 359 patients or 23% had antibody titers indicating a
      recent infection with M.pneumoniae. On the basis of these results it is concluded
      that M.pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of acute infections of the
      respiratory tract.

PMID- 955700
TI  - The frequency of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in a Calabrian population.
AB  - The epidemiological survey was carried out in a Calabrian population in order to
      ascertain the incidence of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In the past it
      has been felt that this infection does not occur in Southern Italy. We have found
      an incidence in our survey equal to that of the other countries. It was
      impossible to tell when these infections had occurred and the possibility of a
      continuing survey is discussed.

PMID- 955701
TI  - A general practice survey of the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.
AB  - An epidemiological survey was carried out at two centres in the north of England
      (Liverpool and Sunderland). One hundred and twenty patients were included in this
      survey to determine the relative incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in
      patients who present to their physician with an acute lower respiratory tract
      infection. Data were available at the end of the survey in 115 patients. Only one
      patient had a positive test for M.pneumoniae. There were nine patients who had a
      positive antibody test for either influenza or para-influenza. Four patients had
      a positive test for respiratory syncytial viruses. This survey points out the
      problems in the clinical diagnosis of respiratory infections in general practice.

PMID- 955702
TI  - The treatment of primary atypical pneumonia with intravenous doxycycline: a
      report of clinical observations.
AB  - Seventeen cases of primary atypical pneumonia which were probably caused by
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae were studied as in-patients in hospital. All of these
      patients were treated with intravenous doxycycline and responded quickly to
      therapy. It has been shown that approximately 30-50% of the cases with primary
      atypical pneumonia are caused by M. pneumoniae. The remainder of the cases are
      caused by either viruses or possibly rickettsiae.

PMID- 955703
TI  - Hospital treatment and diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
AB  - A study was started in 1972 in order to determine the true etiology of patients
      who presented with obscure pulmonary infiltrates. Patients who were included in
      this study had sera drawn on two occasions. Complete testing was performed for
      the various viruses and also for Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies. The study
      continued through 1975 and a total of 159 patients were included. Of these 159
      patients, 28 had positive complement fixation tests for M. pneumoniae antibodies.
      The clinical profile and treatment course is outlined and discussed.

PMID- 955704
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a cause of pneumonia, lung abscess and pleural effusion:
      a case report.
AB  - A case report of a 26 year-old asthmatic male is outlined in order to show the
      clinical features and unusual development pattern of pulmonary disorders and
      pleural effusion with a Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. A literature review is
      included in order to put this unusual case into perspective.

PMID- 955705
TI  - Myocarditis and severe bilateral bronchopneumonia caused by Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae.
AB  - A man with severe bilateral bronchopneumonia and a right lobar consolidation
      caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, had a concurrent myocarditis. The possible
      aetiology of the patchy pulmonary opacities is discussed. A literature review of
      cases of myocarditis associated with M.pneumoniae is presented.

PMID- 955706
TI  - The results of pulmonary function tests in patients infected with Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae.
AB  - A comparative study was undertaken in order to ascertain the effects of a
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on pulmonary function. It appears that the
      literature has many articles devoted to the clinical symptomatology of this type
      of infection but there is very little information available on the abnormalities
      which occur in the lungs with this infection. The patients who were used as a
      comparative model had lung lesions which gave a similar radiographic appearance.
      The significant finding was that an obstructive syndrome with increased airway
      resistance was noted in the M.pneumoniae pneumonia patients.

PMID- 955707
TI  - Pulmonary function in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
AB  - Nine children between the ages of seven to 12 were studied. All of these children
      had an acute unilateral pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Regional
      pulmonary function studies were performed with the aid of an Xe133 radio
      spirometry. It was shown with this technique that the ventilation of the infected
      part was more reduced than the perfusion during the acute stage. Fourteen to 22
      days after the onset of the disease three children had normal chest X-rays but
      abnormalities of the pulmonary function tests. In one child this abnormal
      function persisted at the third follow-up some months later. By the use of
      regional pulmonary function studies subtle abnormalities can be observed which
      would normally be overlooked when examining the pulmonary function of both lungs.

PMID- 955708
TI  - Maintenance of adequate hemodynamics during open-heart procedures and in the
      postoperative period.

PMID- 955709
TI  - Coagulation problems related to open-heart surgery.

PMID- 955710
TI  - Capnographic impressions of pulmonary perfusion patterns in patients with
      congenital heart anomalies.

PMID- 955711
TI  - Anesthesia for open-heart surgery in the first year of life.

PMID- 955712
TI  - Anesthesia for corrective open-heart surgery of congenital defects beyond
      infancy.

PMID- 955713
TI  - Anesthesia for open-heart surgery in adults with acquired heart disease.

PMID- 955714
TI  - Artificial pulmonary ventilation during surgery under extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 955715
TI  - Extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 955716
TI  - Incidence, prevention, and treatment of acute renal failure following
      cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 955717
TI  - Patterns of personality developement in middle-aged women: a longitudinal study.
AB  - Personality development was examined in two groups of women studied since
      adolescence who were judged psychologically healthy at age fifty: 1)
      Independants, whose health improved from forty to fifty, were ambitious and
      intellectual. 2) Traditionals, healthy at both ages, were gregarious and
      nurturant. Traditionals showed steady personality growth since adolescence.
      Independents were constricted at age forty but recovered by fifty. These patterns
      are compared in terms of the fit between personality and sex role. Traditional
      personalitites fit conventional feminine roles, accounting for their health
      throughout the middle years. Independents improved when disengaging from
      mothering freed them to develop their more assertive skills.

PMID- 955718
TI  - Personality organizations of well-functioning younger people and older adults.
AB  - Person clustering of Q sort items for two longitudinal samples, studied at four
      periods from adolescence to middle adulthood, were generated for the sexes
      separately. After correlations between the resulting sixty-eight clusters showed
      that common personality organizations existed across time, sex, and samples, a
      second order clustering of the first sixty-eight was done which reduced the
      number of clusters to four. The first cluster represented a well-functioning
      organization, and comparisons were made of its hierarchial ordering of attributes
      between the longitudinal samples and a geriatric sample. Although both groups
      were dependable and productive, they diverged in the importance of intimate
      interpersonal relations and in their self concepts. The older people were more
      tender and intimate, but conserving of their own integrity, while the younger
      groups were more assertive and cognitively invested, as they must be to deal with
      their different life situations.

PMID- 955719
TI  - Midlife marriage: sex differences in evaluation and perspectives.
AB  - Perceptions of marital relations are examined in a white middle and lower-middle
      class sample representing three life stages: newlyweds, middle-aged parents
      facing the empty nest, and persons about to retire. Descriptions of spouses are
      analyed in terms of positive/negative evaluations and the respective importance
      given to role and interpersonal components of the marital relationship. Middle
      aged respondents were shown to place greater emphasis on role performance than
      did the remaining groups, and middle-aged women gave the least positive
      evaluations of marriage. Midlife marital satisfaction is examined in relationship
      to affect toward children, socioeconomic status, value orientations, and life
      satisfaction.

PMID- 955720
TI  - Middle age: some early returns-a commentary.
AB  - Four papers, differing in research design and using both longitudinal and cross
      sectional data, came to a number of convergent conclusions: there was little
      evidence for a midlife crisis; stability was most prominent during the forty-to
      fifty-year decade; sex differences were striking, this period being most
      stressful for women; stable personality characteristics show interactions with
      role-stage expectations. Caveats as to generalizability of conclusions and lack
      of cohort comparison were stated. Certain theoretical issues were discussed
      related to the meaning of "middle age," developmental dynamics, and sources of
      stability and change.

PMID- 955721
TI  - Masculinity/femininity of the generations: as self-reported and as
      stereotypically appraised.
AB  - Three hundred seventeen adults divided among the younger adult, middle aged, and
      old generations were asked (a) to judge which of the three generations was most
      and least masculine/feminine in overall personality style, masculine/feminine in
      interests and possession of gender skills, and pressured by society to do
      masculine/feminine sorts of things; and (b) to rate self along each of these
      dimensions on a Likert scale. Self-reports and beliefs about the generations did
      not vary as a function of membership in a generation. Young adults and middle
      aged were belived to be the most feminine and middle aged the most masculine in
      overall personality style. The middle aged were judged as possessed of the most
      feminine and masculine interests and the most skilled in feminine endeavors.
      Middle aged and young adults were judged equally possessed of masculine skills.
      Social pressure to do masculine and feminine activities was seen as falling
      equally heavily on younger adults and middle aged. The old were judged as next
      most possessed of feminine skills while judged least along the other dimensions.

PMID- 955722
TI  - Identity and crisis in middle aged men.
AB  - The authors selectively review disparate literature bearing on the issue of the
      male mid-life transition. There is considerable evidence that the entrance into
      middle age is associated with stress and often maladaptive patterns of reaction.
      There is little available information, however, on the specific nature of the
      stressors, their differential impact, or the factors associated with the
      individual's attempted style of adaptation to them. Through the process of
      exploring relevant findings from sociology, social and clinical psychology, and
      popular fiction we attempt to specify a working model of the experience of
      entering middle age. The authors see this model as being of heuristic value in
      that it specifies a number of dimensions to be operationalized which may,
      together, provide a more holistic view of the changes in the self-system
      undergone by the middle aged male.

PMID- 955723
TI  - Are aged blacks who manifest differences in community security also different in
      coping reactions?
AB  - Seventy-two aged Blacks, equally divided between those residing in a high-rise
      public housing project and those living in the community awaiting admission were
      interviewed to test the theory that differences in community security would
      predict differences in coping reactions. Data on perceived community security and
      reported medical, social and mental coping reactions were colleted, using a
      simply and directly worded, precoded, stimulus-response instrument developed by
      the author. Respondents were assigned to either a high or to a low community
      security group by two methods: first, they were assigned a place of residence;
      next, they were assigned according to their obtained community security score.
      Results in general supported the theory. Of the two empirical indicators of
      community security, however, larger differences in coping reaction scores were
      found in the high scoring and low scoring community security groups than in the
      high-rise and community groups.

PMID- 955724
TI  - Public interest report no. 19-the overuse of tranquilizers in older patients.

PMID- 955725
TI  - Glimpses into the social world of middle age.
AB  - This paper describes briefly the two cohorts recently followed up in the long
      term longitudinal research program at the Institute of Human Development at
      Berkeley, and notes the characteristics of those members who remain under study.
      It then presents a few findings on the occupational carreers and work
      orientations of both men and women, notes certain personality correlates of
      career patterns in the middle years, and briefly touches on marital satisfaction
      as related to work status.

PMID- 955726
TI  - Production of thulium-167 for medical use by irradiation of lutetium, hafnium,
      tantalum and tungsten with 590-MeV protons.

PMID- 955727
TI  - Analysis of muscle biopsies for sodium, chlorine, potassium and phosphorus by
      neutron activation.

PMID- 955728
TI  - Proton-induced x-ray emission in the trace analysis of human tooth enamel and
      dentine.

PMID- 955729
TI  - Calculated energy dependence of some RTL and RPL detectors.

PMID- 955730
TI  - [Comparative study of certain aspects of the conservation of Pantano variety
      tomatoes following gamma irradiations at successive stages of ripening (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 955731
TI  - Preparation and quality control of high purity 123I for clinical use.

PMID- 955732
TI  - Exogenous vs endogenous transfer of nicotine during smoking.

PMID- 955733
TI  - In vitro labelling of platelets with stable selenocystine.

PMID- 955734
TI  - Measurement of stopping power for electron beams with LiF dosimeters.

PMID- 955735
TI  - A gas target assembly for the production of high purity, high specific activity
      81Rb.

PMID- 955736
TI  - [Determination of the 13C and 18-0 isotopic composition of carboxylic compounds:
      application to amino acids].

PMID- 955737
TI  - Calibration of gamma-ray sources without standards.

PMID- 955738
TI  - The lower detectable limit of sulfur by fast neutron activation analysis.

PMID- 955739
TI  - The preparation of 11C-methyl iodide and its use in the synthesis of 11C-methyl-L
      methionine.

PMID- 955740
TI  - Impaired general cell-mediated immune functions in vivo and in vitro in patients
      with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - General cell-mediated immune (CMI) functions in NPC patients were investigated by
      the in vivo Mantoux and in vitro lymphocyte response to PHA assays. Thirty-eight
      (50%) of 76 untreated NPC patients were hyporesponsive in the Mantoux assay
      compared to 27 (25%) of 110 control patients. Forty-three (65.2%) of 66 untreated
      NPC patients also showed lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness to PHA compared to 15
      (15.5%) of 97 control patients. Combined deficiencies were observed in 35 (42.2%)
      of 83 NPC patients compared to only 2 (3.3%) of 61 control patients. No
      difference in the frequency of immunodeficiency was observed between "early" and
      "late" disease patients. CMI functions of treated "remission" NPC patients were
      found to be impaired to the same extent as those of untreated NPC patients.

PMID- 955741
TI  - Design of experiments using the microcytotoxicity assay.
AB  - Examination of data from the microcytotoxicity assay revealed that the number of
      surviving target cells varies systematically both between microtest plates and
      within plates. If the layout of treatments on the plate is not planned carefully,
      these effects decreased precision and introduce bias. It is recommended that
      treatments which are to be compared be placed close together on the plate; for
      example, a plate with 96 wells might be considered as 24 blocks of 4 wells, with
      the treatments placed within these blocks. Data can be analyzed by means of
      paired t-tests or randomized block analysis of variance. These design changes
      remove the effect of systematic variation and increase the precision of the
      assay.

PMID- 955742
TI  - Production of tumor-specific inducer of cellular cytotoxicity by lethally
      irradiated mice.
AB  - Antisera taken 1 or 2 days after inoculation of BALB/c mice with transplantable
      sarcoma cells or Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) induce tumor-specific cell-dependent
      cytotoxicity in vitro. In the present experiments, lethally irradiated
      ("immunosuppressed") mice were tested for the early appearance of the serum
      factor responsible for this anti-serum-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (E
      ADC). BALB/c mice were infected with MSV, syngeneic sarcoma cells or sheep red
      blood cells 24 h following irradiation with 900 R. Sera were obtained from MSV
      and tumor cell recipients 48 or 72 h later and tested for E-ADC activity. Spleen
      cells from SRBC recipients were tested at day 4 or 5 for ability to form direct
      plaques in a modified Jerne plague assay. Although the anti-SRBC response was
      obliterated in the irradiated mice, the E-ADC response appeared to be unimpaired.
      These studies indicate that newly synthesized immunoglobulin is not required for
      the formation of the E-ADC factor.

PMID- 955743
TI  - The distribution and fate of blood-borne 125IUdR-labelled tumour cells in immune
      syngeneic rats.
AB  - Radiolabelled sarcoma cells injected into the tail veins of normal rats were held
      up almost exclusively in the lung, and were not observed to pass through into the
      systemic circulation. Intramuscularly injected tumour cells were retained at the
      site of injection. Radioactivity was lost from both sites though more rapidly
      from the lung than from muscular tissue and was probably the result of tumour
      cell death. Alveolar macrophages did not take part in the destruction of tumour
      cells in the lung. There was an increased rate of radiolabel loss from the lungs
      of hyperimmune, post-excision and tumour-bearing rats, as compared with normal
      rats. The destruction was immunologically specific; it was detected earlier, was
      more comprehensive in the hyperimmune and post-excision animals than in tumour
      bearing animals, and correlated with the ability of the hyperimmune and post
      excision animals to reject larger numbers of intravenous unlabelled tumour cells,
      than the tumour-bearing rats.

PMID- 955744
TI  - Some international differences in treatment and survival in breast cancer.
AB  - In a recent study, 5-year survival rates for breast cancer patients in Boston
      (Massachusetts), Glamorgan (Wales), Slovenia (Yugoslavia) and Tokyo (Japan) were
      57.3%, 49.5%, 41.9% and 74.9%, respectively. In this report, data are presented
      on the types of treatment used in the four areas and on the relationship of
      differences in treatment practices to the differences in survival rates.
      Generally, surgically treated patients who also had radiotherapy had lower
      survival rates than patients in the same area who had similar operations without
      radiotherapy. In each area, the survival rate was higher for patients who had
      radical mastectomy than for those who had simple mastectomy. The Japanese
      patients had the highest survival rate within nearly every treatment and extent
      treatment category. Thus, the high survival rate of these patients was not
      explained by the variables considered. Survival differences between Boston,
      Glamorgan and Slovenia were largely explained by differences in extent of disease
      and type of treatment. As the nature of the treatment--survival trends was
      consistent with the interpretation that treatment tended to be selected according
      to apparent prognosis, the degree to which treatment customs were determinants of
      the differences in survival rate among the three areas is uncertain.

PMID- 955745
TI  - The role of 9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene in the microsome mediated binding of
      benzo(a)pyrene to DNA.
AB  - A study of the liver microsome-mediated binding to added DNA of the phenol
      metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene (BP-OH) and of 7,8-dihydro-7,8
      dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (BP-7,8-diol) suggested that as in the case of BP itself
      the reaction was catalysed by the enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. The
      addition of glutathione to the microsomal incubation inhibited the binding of BP
      and BP-OH more than that of BP-7,8-diol. Analysis by LH20 chromatography of the
      deoxyribonucleoside products from BP-DNA showed greater inhibition by glutathione
      of formation of the major product believed to result from further metabolism of
      BP-OH, than of the product arising by metabolism of BP-7,8-diol. The
      chromatographic behaviour and fluorescence spectrum of this major product were
      consistent with its derivation from 9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (BP-9-OH) and
      furthermore suggested that BP-9-OH-4,5-oxide was the derivative whose reaction
      with DNA yielded this microsome-mediated BP-DNA product.

PMID- 955746
TI  - Demonstration of tumor-associated immunity with a leukocyte adherence inhibition
      (LAI) assay.
AB  - A modification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay of Halliday was
      used to search for immune reactions against tumor-associated antigens of mouse
      tumors as well as against embryonic antigens in such neoplasms. Soluble antigen
      extracts were prepared from transplanted (BALB/c) methylcholanthrene-induced
      sarcomas and carcinomas, from normal BALB/c embryos taken at 14-18 days'
      gestation and from kidneys and livers of adult BALB/c mice. Peritoneal cells (PC)
      from mice immunized against syngeneic tumors gave leukocyte adherence inhibition
      more commonly when exposed to antigens prepared from the same tumor than did PC
      from normal (untreated) mice or from mice immunized against a different tumor.
      However, different tumor antigen preparations varied vastly in their ability to
      give specific adherence inhibition; some preparations consistently gave a high
      tumor-specific inhibition, while others did not. This may explain why the degree
      of reactivity observed was low and its tumor specificity not absolute when data
      obtained with all different antigen extracts were pooled. PC from multiparous
      mice gave adherence inhibition when exposed to antigenic extracts from syngenic
      mouse embryos or from tumors, as compared to PC from virgin mice exposed to the
      same extracts. Furthermore, PC from tumor-immunized mice reacted more commonly
      against antigen extracts from mouse embryos than did peritoneal cells from normal
      untreated mice. Adherence inhibition was not observed when PC from tumor
      immunized or multiparous mice were exposed to antigen extracts from adult
      syngeneic livers or kidneys.

PMID- 955747
TI  - The reaction of (+/-)-7alpha, 8beta-dihydroxy-9beta, 10beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene with DNA.
AB  - The reaction of (+/-)-7alpha,8beta-dihydroxy-9beta,10beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BP diol epoxide) with DNA, followed by enzymatic
      hydrolysis and LH 20 Sephadex column chromatography, yielded products containing
      a purine deoxyribonucleoside linked to a 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene
      derivative. DNA containing tritiated adenine or pyrimidines gave little or no
      tritiated products, showing that reaction occurred chiefly with the guanine
      residues. Results with 8-(3H)-guanine-labelled DNA, and studies on the
      protonation and ionization of the products in acid or alkaline media, led to the
      formulation of the main product as an N2-substituted guanine derivative. The
      reaction of BP diol epoxide with deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine gave further
      nucleoside derivatives which were probably minor products in the reaction with
      DNA. Treatment with strong acid unexpectedly converted each of the isolated
      products to free guanine or adenine.

PMID- 955748
TI  - Intra-lesional injection of immunostimulants in bilateral rat tumors.
AB  - Rats grafted with either two or six fragments of isogenic methylcholanthrene
      induced transplantable fibrosarcomas were treated IT1 with living BCG or killed
      C. parvum or a mixture of both immunostimulants. Various tumor combination and
      therapeutic agent dosages were compared. When two fragments of the same tumor
      McFiFi2 (S) were grafted simultaneously, IT treatment of one of these with 2 mg
      of BCG induced cure of both in 50% of the animals, but IT injection of 2 X 10(9)
      C. parvum was completely without effect in this situation. The prognosis was
      however, improved when the dose of immunostimulant was increased. The best
      results were obtained when each individual tumor in rats with two or six
      simultaneous identical grafts were treated with a mixture of BCG and C. parvum.
      The combination of IT immunostimulant treatment and surgical excision of the
      treated lesion demonstrated a persistence of the curative effect on the remote
      untreated tumor. Double grafting with isologous non-identical tumors revealed the
      influence of tumor burden and of the specificity of anti-tumor action of the
      treatment. The distant specific regression obtained in this system implies a
      specific immunological mechanism mediated by effector cells and/or antibodies
      which can circulate, identify the target cell and destroy it. This is in
      accordance with morphological observations. The intimate contact between BCG and
      the growing structured tumor is necessary for the therapeutic phenomenon.

PMID- 955749
TI  - Introduction to the theme: sociomedical health indicators.

PMID- 955750
TI  - The sickness impact profile: conceptual formulation and methodology for the
      development of a health status measure.
AB  - The development of a health status measure, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), is
      described in terms of both its conceptualization and methodology. The need for a
      health status measure that is sensitive and appropriate, based on sickness
      related behavior, and culturally unbiased, is discussed. A model of sickness
      behavior is presented as a guide for methodological development. The description
      of the initial developmental stage of the SIP includeds detailed discussion and
      documentation of the collection, sorting and grouping of items that comprise the
      SIP, scaling of the items, scoring of the instrument, and testing and revision of
      the prototype instrument. Results of preliminary tests of reliability, validity,
      and administrative feasibility are presented. Subsequent steps in revision and
      finalization, now under way, are outlined.

PMID- 955751
TI  - Unmet needs as sociomedical indicators.
AB  - This paper discusses the Meharry Medical College Study of Unmet Needs designed to
      measure the effectiveness of alternative health care delivery systems: (a)
      comprehensive care with broad outreach, (b) comprehensive care with limited
      outreach, and (c) traditional care. Unmet needs are defined as the differences
      between services judged necessary to deal appropriately with health problems and
      services actually received. The central hypothesis is that comprehensive health
      programs will be more effective than traditional care in reducing unmet needs.
      Unmet needs are viewed as measures of program outcome and are one of several
      types of sociomedical indicators which use factors other than biomedical or
      biological states as measures of outcome. The distinction is made between unmet
      needs are discussed and the relatively limited focus of these is contrasted with
      the more comprehensive Meharry approach. Household interviews and clinical
      examinations provide the data base for deriving professional judgements of unmet
      needs in the medical, dental, nursing, and social services areas. The Meharry
      work suggests several areas in which further work on unmet needs would be useful.

PMID- 955752
TI  - Evaluation of health care quality by consumers.
AB  - Ideological and conceptual issues arising out of the involvement of consumers in
      health care quality determination are identified. Historically and currently,
      criteria and procedures for quality review and assessment have reflected the
      values and interests of the professional providers of health care. This
      perspective restricts the role of the consumer to that of either a nonparticipant
      or a data source, at best. If the social values and merits for health care
      provision of consumer involvement in quality determination are to be realized,
      then this perspective will need to be modified, and our knowledge base of
      consumer criteria of health care quality will need to be enlarged. Although the
      perspectives of probiders and consumers are thought to the antagonistic, they may
      not, in fact, be so. Some suggested areas of needed research, necessary to policy
      development and implementation, are offered.

PMID- 955753
TI  - Constructing social metrics for health status indexes.
AB  - Health status indexes used to make collective decisions satisfying the principles
      of equality and social minimum must incorporate a social metric for health. Any
      index or indicator applied to populations for determining health status or to
      health programs for evaluating outcome must confront the question of who prefers
      which states of health under which circumstances? Utility models, psychometric
      scaling, and empirical social decision valuation have been used to measure
      preferences for states of health. Efforts should be directed toward constructing
      social metrics for health that are prospective, context-independent, relevant,
      community-wide, ratio scalled, sensitive, empirically validated, and applicable
      to program evaluation. These efforts represent the application of normative
      social theory to research, an important advance in uncovering the mysteries of
      social action and its consequences.

PMID- 955754
TI  - Reproductive efficiency as a social indicator.
AB  - An index of reproductive effiency (RE) is proposed as a social indicator that
      will meet the need to consider various forms of pregnancy wastage, to compare
      their relative costs, and to guide reproductive health policy accordingly. This
      article discusses conceptual and measurement aspects of RE. Conversion of wanted
      to unwanted pregnancies and the reverse, interpretation of abortion in relation
      to other pregnancy outcomes, defining the end point for the reproductive process
      and criteria for the events to be included as significant outcomes are conceptual
      issues. Measurement problems include: whether aggregation is justified,
      prospective and retrospective tracking of outcomes, record limitations,
      duplication of adversities in a single pregnancy, and selection of optimal rate
      for comparison. A measurement of RE for the entire United States based on the
      National Natality Survey of 1964-1966 is presented, showing 74.5 percent of
      pregnancies resulting in healthy liveborn infants. For those years, data on
      abortions could not be included. Within the group of reported pregnancy losses,
      the importance of congenital abnormalities and low-birth-weight babies is
      enhanced by application of economic weights based on associated medical care
      costs. Changing opportunities for birth timing, prenatal and infant care, and
      control of family size are social means of reducing adverse outcomes associated
      with teenage pregnancy and high-parity births, often found together with poverty.
      Successive increments in RE may be progressively more expensive to achieve, and
      cost effectiveness comparison will be necessary.

PMID- 955755
TI  - Indicators of health status in adolescence.
AB  - The study reported here is based on data obtained in 1968-1970 from a
      representative community sample of urban black youths in the United States aged
      12-17 years, inclusive. Analysis is directed at conceptual and methodological
      issues in measureing health status. It suggests the need for greater attention to
      subjective self-evaluated self-reported components of health status, specified
      here as "ontological" health. This is related to health and illness behavior
      generally, to utilization of health services more particularly. The case is made
      for a multiple-indicator approach to measuring health status as being more
      consistent with the multidimensional phenomenon to which it refers. The method
      used in this study for deriving a composite health status index from four
      component self-reported indicators is described. The distribution of the sample
      on this composite was used to identify self-reported health conditions that
      warrant attention from providers of adolescent health services. Since subjective
      evaluations influence experienced severity of health problems, the health status
      composite index was applied in this study as a means of discriminating
      differntial seriousness in self-reported health problems. Finally, some
      differences between indications of "ontological" health and "medical" health also
      are analyzed for commonalities and differences between them.

PMID- 955756
TI  - Comments on health indicators: methodological perspectives.
AB  - This paper discusses several basic conceptual and methodological problems in the
      development and use of health indicators. We observe that two tendencies of the
      health indicators movement may deter progress toward producing informations of
      health status indexes and the tendency to conceptualize "health" in terms of
      expansive definitions should measure variables specified by a social system model
      and should be scaled according to units that are relevant to decision-making
      criteria.

PMID- 955758
TI  - Editorials: Childhood--the time for prevention?

PMID- 955759
TI  - Social and behavioural aspects of venereal disease among resident male university
      students.
AB  - A study of 1500 male students at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India was
      conducted to establish the prevalence and related social and behavioural aspects
      of venereal diseases. The prevalence was found to be 3.93 per cent. The majority
      of the students (86.4 per cent) belonged to the Hindu religion which is based on
      the caste system. Students from the Vaishya caste were more affected with
      venereal diseases. The social acceptability of having more than one wife had a
      definite impact on the incidence of venereal diseases. Students who practised
      masturbation and homosexuality were also more affected with venereal diseases.
      Prostitutes were the main source of infection. It was found that 28.8 per cent of
      these students had been infected on a previous occasion.

PMID- 955760
TI  - Response variation and location of questions within a questionnaire.
AB  - In a questionnaire administered to a general population sample of 1673 adults, a
      14-item scale of social desirability was divided into two groups of questions,
      almost evenly divided between desirable and undesirable behaviour, the percentage
      answering 'true' was higher when the question was asked early than when it was
      asked late. The difference was statistically significant for five of the 11, four
      of them relating to socially undesirable behaviour. The results indicate that
      responses can be dependent on the location of questions in a questionnaire, and
      that the effect of question location may not be the same for groups with
      different personal characteristics. For this reason, it seems unwise to alter the
      administration or design of a questionnaire in any way if the results are to be
      compared directly to those of other studies, unless the altered questionnaire is
      standardized against the original version.

PMID- 955761
TI  - Birth order, maternal age and birth interval in epidemiology.
AB  - Foetal wastage and congenital malformations are not so closely associated with
      birth  order, maternal age and birth interval as is suggested by data pooled
      across sibships of different sizes. The point could only have been established by
      data on large numbers of individual sibships. Maternal age, parity and birth
      interval are convenient but confusing variables to work with. However if they are
      to be used, it is essential to recognize that if the condition being studied may
      be associated with fertility of the parents, one needs to ascertain numbers of
      completed sibships containing affected cases. Incidence rates by age, parity and
      birth interval imply nothing by themselves.

PMID- 955762
TI  - Aspects of the epidemiology of suicide in England and Wales.
AB  - This paper is concerned with the variations in suicide rates in the 161-171 local
      authorities in England and Wales during the 11-year period 1961-71. Analysis of
      the overall secular trends shows that the rates for both males and females
      reached a peak in 1963 and subsequently declined at a steady rate. Virtually the
      whole of this reduction is associated with the fall in the number of poisonings
      by domestic gas. Suicide rates were about 50 per cent higher in males than in
      females and tended to increase with increasing age and, in general, were higher
      in the county boroughs than in the (more rural) county authorities. There is a
      marked variation in terms of geographical area, with the highest rates being
      reported in the London and South-East Region and the lowest rates in the South
      East Wales and Northern Regions. There are also systematic differences between
      the various conurbations, with the highest rates in London and South-East
      Lancashire and the lowest in Merseyside and the West Midlands. The variations
      between individual local authorities are then considered and it is shown that as
      much as 99 per cent of the total variation can be explained in terms of a small
      number of variables which represent the general characteristics of the the local
      authority and the population. The most important of these variables is the
      proportion of single-person housegolds, which accounts for about three-quarters
      of the variation in the male suicide rates and more than half of the variation in
      female suicide rates. The significance of these results is discussed, with
      particular reference to the effect of the detoxification of the domestic gas
      supply during the period of study.

PMID- 955763
TI  - Suicide and self-poisoning in Great Britain and Ireland.
AB  - Reported national rates of suicide remain fairly stable from year to year and
      considerable differences persist between countries. Reported rates of suicide
      also differ from actual rates according to the social influences and the legal
      procedure both in attributing suicide and also in how the death is recorded and
      coded. This paper compares the rates of suicide and non-fatal self-poisoning in
      Scotland, England and Wales, and Ireland, and also examines suicide rates in
      people born in Ireland but now resident in England and Wales. The rise in
      overdose admissions to hospital which is continuing in relative degrees in all
      communities of Great Britain and Ireland, except Northern Ireland, does not seem
      to be correlated with trends in fatal suicide behaviour. Further studies on all
      aspects of the subject are needed to clarify the social determinants involved and
      to identify ways in which further increases can be contained.

PMID- 955757
TI  - A classification of sociomedical health indicators: perspectives for health
      administrators and health planners.
AB  - The conceptualization and operationalization of measures of health status are
      considered. Health indicators are conceived as a subset of social indicators, and
      therefore, as any social indicator, they are viewed as derivative from social
      issues. The interrelationships of different frames of reference for defining and
      measuring health that have accompained three distinct health problem patterns in
      the United States are viewed from a developmental perspective. Mortality and
      morbidity rates, the traditional health indicators, by themselves no longer serve
      to assess health status in developed nations. Their deficiencies as indicators
      serve as background for a classification schema for sociomedical health status
      indicators that relates health definition frames of reference, measures of health
      status, and health problems. The role of a group of health indicators
      sociomedical heath indicators-in the current formulation of health status
      measures is assessed.

PMID- 955764
TI  - Occurrence of gout in Copenhagen males aged 40-59.
AB  - As part of a cardiovascular survey study on the relationships between physical
      fitness and coronary heart disease, 5249 Copenhagen males aged between 40 and 59
      were interviewed to identify a history of gout. Subjects who had experienced
      attacks of painful swelling, with abrupt onset and remission in one to two weeks,
      diagnosed and treated as gout by their own physician, were regarded as having
      experienced gout. In an initial cross-sectional examination, 86 men fulfilled the
      criteria. At a one year follow-up examination it was discovered that 56 men had
      had gout during the year of observation. Among these 18 were new cases. At the
      end of the study a total of 104 men had experienced gout and these were compared,
      with respect to the continuously distributed variables, those 104 gout subjects
      were compared to 208 computer selected age-matched controls drawn at random from
      the entire sample. The gout cases were found to have higher relative weights,
      higher diastolic blood pressure and lower levels of physical fitness estimated by
      use of a bicycle ergometer test. Angina pectoris occurred more frequently among
      the gout cases than among controls. No significant differences in the occurrence
      of myocardial infarction, intermittent claudication or renal stones were found.
      The habits of smoking and coffee consumption were equal in gout cases and
      controls. Alcohol consumption and consumption of drugs were higher in gout cases
      than controls. Gout was the most frequent in the lowest social classes.

PMID- 955765
TI  - Psycho-social effects of home care: results of a randomized controlled trial.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the early
      transfer of hospital in-patients to home care. This paper reports rates of return
      to normal role functions in work, leisure and household roles for patients who
      received any of five surgical procedures. With regard to return to work or
      leisure tasks, no statistically significant differences were observed between
      groups for any of the procedures. The rates of return to household activities
      were greater for home care patients than they were for controls in the cases of
      cholecystectomy and procedures for anal and rectal fistula.

PMID- 955766
TI  - Familial aggregation of chronic respiratory disease: use of National Health
      Interview Survey data for specific hypothesis testing.
AB  - The 1970 National Health Interview Survey included questions on respiratory
      disease and smoking habits. The new data were released in July 1974. Data
      consisted of information on approximately 116,000 persons from 37,000 households
      selected randomly from 357 primary sampling units. To test a hypothesis about
      familial clustering of chronic respiratory disease in households, we selected as
      index households those having an adult (aged 35-54 years) reporting a diagnosis
      of asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema and also having first order relatiaves less
      than age 35. Index households were matched with households from the same
      neighbourhood having an adult aged 35-54, of the same sex as the diseased person
      in the index household, without disease and with all other adults 35-54 without
      disease, and which had first order relatives less than 35 living in the same
      household. Analysis was carried out using Cochran's d-test to compare frequency
      of respiratory disease in persons less than 35 in each group. There was a strong
      association (P less than .001) between persons over 35 with chronic respiratory
      diseases and the disease rate in their first order relatives. The association
      could not be explained by differences in demographic variables and smoking
      habits.

PMID- 955767
TI  - Changes in respiratory symptoms related to smoking in a teenage population: the
      results of two linked surveys separated by one year.
AB  - Data on respiratory symptoms and smoking for 2749 white American high school
      students from two linked surveys, separated by a one year lapse, are presented.
      There was a significantly higher likelihood of smoking at second survey among
      those who had initial symptoms. (There had been no educational efforts linking
      smoking and respiratory symptoms in the interim.) This difference was almost
      entirely contributed by those who had been ex-smokers and light (less than or
      equal to four cigarettes/day) smokers at first survey. Initial ex-smokers and
      light smokers also had, overall, least fixed smoking habits. Whatever the initial
      smoking or symptom status, symptoms at second survey were far more likely with
      current smoking. Controlling for initial symptom and smoking status, the gradient
      of symptoms between current smokers and non-smokers was over two and a half fold,
      except among those who had had symptoms and had not been smoking, and whose
      initial symptoms presumably arose from causes other than current cigarette
      smoking. Even among that group, symptoms at second survey were half as likely
      again among those who reported having become smokers (p less than-001). There
      were also strong linear trends of increased likelihood of symptoms with increased
      numbers of cigarettes smoked. Symptom rates at second survey of those who had
      symptoms a year earlier, and who stopped smoking during the year, were not as low
      as for those who also stopped smoking, but who had not had initial symptoms,
      suggesting that symptoms associated with smoking were not completely reversible
      in the time interval of this study. The difference, however, was not significant.

PMID- 955768
TI  - Survival experience of a cohort of carbon disulphide exposed workers from an
      eight-year prospective follow-up period.
AB  - A cohort of 343 men from a viscose rayon factory in Finland with at least five
      years of exposure in carbon disulphide (CS2) was followed from 1967 to 1975 with
      respect to coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. The exposed cohort had over
      twofold excess death rate from CHD relative to a matched reference group.
      Statistical separation of causes other than CHD revealed a difference of two
      years in the life expectancies of the two populations for the age interval of 25
      to 54 years. The coronary mortality had, however, decreased since protective
      measures were instituted at the plant after the fifth year of follow-up, leaving
      only one-fifth of the original group exposed and reducing the level of CS2
      exposure for them to less than 10 ppm. This trend, although tentative due to the
      limited experience after the intervention, seems to suggest that the risk of
      coronary death for the formerly excessively exposed workers can be influenced and
      lessened to a normal level.

PMID- 955769
TI  - Recent trends of large bowel cancer in Japan compared to United States and
      England and Wales.
AB  - The death rate from tumours of the colon and rectum has risen rapidly in Japan
      since World War II. The rate of increase is greater in tumours of colon than in
      tumours of rectum. It is similar in males and females. It is large among the
      elderly, and this may be due to improvements in certification. But the difference
      between the Japanese and the US population is substantial at all ages. It is not
      known whether the current increase in the mortality of Japanese from tumours of
      the large bowel is due to differences between birth cohorts established early in
      life, or whether the differences developed after the end of World War II.
      Japanese who die of these tumours are younger than Americans, even when the age
      distribution of the populations is allowed for. This effect is produced by the
      differences between cohorts, and the age distributions within cohorts are closely
      similar in the two populations. The sex ratio for tumours of rectum rises with
      age in Japan in the same way that it does in the West, but the sex ratio of
      tumours of colon is apparently independent of age.

PMID- 955770
TI  - Mortality from ischaemic heart disease--inter-town variation and its association
      with climate in England and Wales.
AB  - In both seasonal and inter-town variation, the mortality from ischaemic heart
      disease in England and Wales in 1969-71 is very highly correlated with
      temperature. Also in the inter-town variation, IHD mortality is highly correlated
      with rainfall and with socio-economic index. It is postulated that the same
      mechanism of body cooling underlies seasonal, inter-town and socio-economic
      variations in IHD mortality. The first law of thermodynamics states the heat and
      energy are equivalent. Therefore to maintain body temperature against an
      increased thermal gradient (caused by a lower environmental temperature as in
      seasonal variation, or a temperature-rainfall interaction as in inter-town
      variation) more energy must be expended by the body or, alternatively, the body
      must reduce heat loss by increasing thermal insulation. It is to be expected that
      there will be many accompanying changes in physiological parameters and several
      of these are discussed.

PMID- 955771
TI  - Letter to the editor: The use of the 'blind' problem in teaching epidemiology.

PMID- 955772
TI  - Occurrence of an agglutinin in Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 955773
TI  - A technique for the continuous recording of tick feeding electrograms and
      temperature by telemetry from free-ranging cattle.

PMID- 955774
TI  - Serological comparison of Australian and South American strains of Babesia
      argentina and Anaplasma marginale.

PMID- 955775
TI  - A gelatin film procedure for the localization of proteolytic activity in
      Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae (Trematoda) adults.

PMID- 955776
TI  - Effects of certain lipid compounds on growth and asexual multiplication of
      Mesocestoides corti (Cestoda) tetrathyridia.

PMID- 955777
TI  - Loss of Hymenolepis diminuta from the rat.

PMID- 955778
TI  - Transfer of Schistosoma mansoni into the mesenteric veins of hamsters.

PMID- 955779
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: a comparison of mouse and rat worms with respect to host
      antigens detected by the technique of transfer into hamsters.

PMID- 955780
TI  - Laser Raman spectroscopy of snake venom neurotoxins: conformation.
AB  - Laser Raman spectra of neurotoxins of Pelamis platurus (yellow-bellied sea snake)
      and Laticauda semifasciata (broad-banded blue sea snake) were investigated. The
      amide I band appeared at 1672 cm-1 for both toxins, which presents an indication
      of anti-parallel beta structure. Since this agrees well with the result from the
      CD-ORD studies of snake neurotoxin, it was concluded that snake neurotoxins
      mainly consist of beta structure. The amide III band appeared at 1245 cm-1 for P.
      platurus toxin and 1248 cm-1 for L. semifasciata toxin. The four disulfide bonds
      present in the toxin have a very similar geometry. After vigorous heat treatment,
      the backbone configuration of the toxin molecule basically remained the same
      although it was partially denatured. The major peak at 512 cm-1 was not altered
      by the heat treatment but a new shoulder appeared at 546 cm-1. This suggests that
      a new type of S-S stretching vibration (trans-gauche-trans) was produced as a
      result of heat treatment. However, the majority of the S-S vibrations remained in
      the gauche-gauche-gauche orientation. A substantial change in the interactions
      between a tyrosine aromatic ring and neighboring residues was apparently the
      alteration caused by the heat treatment.

PMID- 955781
TI  - Studies on the primary structure of bison pancreatic ribonuclease.
AB  - Bison pancreatic ribonuclease was isolated by affinity chromatography.
      Thermolysin and tryptic digestion of denaturated protein, and subtilisin
      digestion of native protein yielded peptides, which were purified and submitted
      to amino acid analysis. These peptides, together with partial sequence data
      obtained by Stewart & Stevenson (16) overlap the entire amino acid sequence of
      bison ribonuclease. No differences with bovine ribonuclease were found, although
      there may be differences in state of amidation of some residues.

PMID- 955782
TI  - Structure-activity studies on mammalian tissue lytic enzymes: chemical
      characterization and substrate specificity of rat kidney nuclear lysozyme.
AB  - Studies on the structure and substrate specificity of purified rat kidney nuclear
      (RKN) lysozyme are reported. The carboxyl and amino terminal residues of RKN
      lysozyme were found to be leucine and alanine respectively. The amino acid
      composition indicated similarities and differences as compared with that of hen
      egg white (HEW) lysozyme. There were alterations in the nine amino acid residues,
      Lys, His, Arg, Asp, Glu, Pro, 1/2 Cys, Tyr and Trp. The other nine residues were
      present in identical proportions to those of HEW-lysozyme. The decrease in the
      arginine and aspartic acid residues was found to be compensated by the increase
      in the number of lysine, histidine and glutamic acid residues. The overall ratio
      of the acidic to basic amino acids has thus been conserved in the mammalian
      enzyme. In addition, RKN-lysozyme contained decreased numbers of Trp, Tyr and 1/2
      Cys, and increased numbers of proline residues as found in HEW-lysozyme. RKN
      lysozyme did not cross react with heterologous antibodies produced against HEW
      lysozyme, and vice versa. RKN-lysozyme showed distinct specificity towards the
      lysis of M. luteus. Against this substrate, it was three times more efficient
      than HEW-lysozyme. It also cleaved E. coli B, but its efficiency was half as much
      as with M. luteus. However, it cleaved P. septica and B. subtilis at a rate
      similar to HEW-lysozyme under identical conditions.

PMID- 955783
TI  - Polypeptide models of collagen: synthesis of (Pro-Pro-Ala)n and (Pro-Pro-Val)n.
AB  - The synthesis of two collagen models (Pro-Pro-Ala)n and (Pro-Pro-Val)n is
      reported. Preliminary examination suggests that (Pro-Pro-Ala)n may exhibit some
      properties of collagen-like polypeptides whereas (Pro-Pro-Val)n, does not have a
      collagen-like character.

PMID- 955784
TI  - Ego functioning during paranoid regression.
AB  - This paper is based on the psychotherapeutic work with a paranoid schizophrenic
      man during a period of acute psychotic regression lasting approximately two
      weeks. The author reviews what seemed to be the precipitating factors in the
      decompensation, then elaborates descriptively and speculatively on two major
      aspects of ego functioning during the regression, namely, the experiences of
      fragmentation and of dedifferentiation. The role that seemed to evolve for the
      therapist is also discussed as it relates to the aforementioned aspects of ego
      functioning. Finally, a tentative hypothesis is developed concerning pretense as
      one possible genetic factor in these ego disturbances.

PMID- 955785
TI  - Victim, victimizer: interaction in the psychotherapy of borderline patients.
AB  - Borderline and narcissistic patients suffuse relationships with intense
      pregenital aggression to which the therapist, despite his level of training or
      self-understanding, is not totally immune. Aggression is considered an energetic
      expression of the narcissistic defense against vulnerability. The therapist is
      subject to a continuing siege of projections and projective identifications.
      Vigilance against repetitive sadomasochistic interactions is a necessary and
      often wearying extension of therapeutic concern. Most necessary, too, is the
      willingness to make second efforts at understanding the patient's vulnerability.
      Such understanding comes from attentiveness to countertransference feelings.

PMID- 955786
TI  - The self as a transitional object: its relationship to narcissism and
      homosexuality.
AB  - Men with significant narcissistic and homosexual trends can show a tendency to
      experience a part of the self as a transitional object. Specifically, these men
      regard themselves as dolls. Excerpts from three psychoanalytic cases are offered
      to demonstrate this clinical finding. It is believed that this occurrence
      represents a significant arrest in the development of the self. The recognition,
      interpretation, and reduction of this transitional phenomenon constitutes a
      significant therapeutic experience in the analyses of these men.

PMID- 955787
TI  - Transitional phenomena and therapeutic symbiosis.
AB  - This paper suggests that the analyst (or therapist) can best understand
      transitional-object phenomena as being tributary to, or consisting in various
      different facets of, the--for him in his work with patients--more comprehensive
      realm of therapeutic symobiosis. The author highlights data concerning objects or
      phenomena which are transitional for both patient and analyst concomitantly. He
      suggests that the patient's symptoms have become, early in the phase of
      therapeutic symbiosis, transitional objects for both patient and analyst
      simultaneously. As with the patient's symptoms, so with his transference images
      of the analyst: it is suggested that, in order for any effective transference
      analysis to occur with any patient, whether neurotic, borderline, or psychotic,
      the analyst must have come to accept at least a transitional-object degree--if
      not more deeply symbiotic degree--of relatedness with the particular transference
      image which is holding sway presently in the analysis.

PMID- 955788
TI  - Object choice and actual bisexuality.
AB  - Actual bisexuality is to be distinguished from homosexuality in a latent state
      and from conscious bisexual fantasies. Contemporary social changes have caused an
      increased demand for help for those men and women capable of engaging in
      protracted heterosexual and homosexual relations. Among such people narcissistic
      and borderline states are common. Clinical material is presented in some detail.
      The author suggests that the condition is associated with a tendency to be caught
      up between the anaclitic and narcissistic types of object choice. The concurrent
      involvement with a male and female love object against a background of
      pseudogenitality creates the illusory appearance of two objects being involved,
      covering up the fact that there is splitting of the original love object together
      with severe preoedipal disturbance.

PMID- 955789
TI  - Transvertism: a disorder of the sense of self.
AB  - Transvestism is not simply a sexual disorder, but is best understood as primarily
      a disorder of the sense of self. A descriptive background of transvestism is
      provided through a review of developmental history, clinical course, presonality
      structure, and family history. The predominant transvestic fantasies and their
      modes of enactment are described. The disorder of the sence of self that gives
      rise to transvestic behavior is identified as a split in the ego into
      incompatible male and female gender identities. The split is attributed to an
      early identification with the mother as a defense against unresolved separation
      anxiety engendered during the separation-individuation phase of infantile
      development. The effect of this split upon the sense of reality, object
      relations, and adaptation to stress in transvestism are examined for a
      psychodynamic point of view.

PMID- 955790
TI  - Empathy and intuition in becoming a psychiatrist: a case study.
AB  - This paper, through the use of the case study, presents the idea that the
      beginning psychiatrist must often depend on his own native intuition and
      emphathic skills during his early clinical work. A case is presented in detail to
      show that amide the anxiety, freshness, and inexperience typifying a beginning
      psychiatrist, a psychotherapeutic treatment that benefits both the patient and
      the psychiatrist can be carried out. The growth of the patient and the therapist
      is described over the course of a three-month hospitalization.

PMID- 955791
TI  - On becomine a psychiatrist: discussion of "Empathy and intuition in becoming a
      psychiatrist," by Ronald J. Blank.
AB  - Using the data from Blank's (1976) description of his clinical efforts with his
      first patient, selected tissues on becoming a psychiatrist and psychotherapist
      are explored. Considered among the motives for entering this profession are
      opportunities for the therapist to projectively identify into his patients, and
      to introjectively identify with and contain his patients' psychopathology. The
      relationship between empathy and intuition on the one hand, and projection and
      projective identification on the other, is also studied, as is the need for the
      application of the validating process in confirming all so-called empathic and
      intuitive responses on the part of the therapist. Counter-transference influences
      on the experience and use of empathy and intuition are also investigated. The
      development of therapeutic misalliances and framework "cures," the distinction
      between transference and nontransference, the constructive elements contained in
      essentially countertransference-based interventions, the mastery of
      countertransference difficulties, and the choice of insight-oriented versus
      noninsightful therapeutic modalities are discussed.

PMID- 955792
TI  - Toward a general concept of the therapeutic process.
AB  - Using clinical psychoanalytic theory as a unifying concept, an attempt is made to
      observe, interpret, and integrate the therapeutic process in a wide variety of
      psychotherapies. All psychotherapy, regardless of specific form or technique, is
      viewed as an interpersonal or intrapersonal process, and should be understandable
      from a psychoanalytic perspective. Ten common factors are selected: structure of
      the therapeutic situation; the therapeutic relationship; management of anxiety;
      drives and their derivatives; mechanisms of defense; identification; regression;
      catharsis and abbreaction; external reinforcement; structural change. The various
      psychotherapies are compared regarding each of the ten factors.

PMID- 955793
TI  - Psychotherapists' passivity--a major training problem.
AB  - A major problem encountered in the early psychotherapy training of psychiatric
      residents, psychologists, and social workers is the tendency for the student to
      take an inappropriately passive and silent role. Rather than actively engage
      patients in a therapeutic alliance, beginning students have the tendency to
      remain withdrawn and inarticulate. This often reaches extreme proportions and may
      later significantly block treatment progress. Clinical vignettes are presented to
      show the range and variety of hyperpassive behavior in psychotherapy training and
      the potential crippling and destructive effects on the treatment process. This is
      not to imply that there is no danger in excess activity on the part of the
      therapist. Indeed, not all silence need be destructive. However, detachment,
      withdrawal, and excess silence--attitudes often fostered by our training programs
      -can be markedly destructive to both patients and treatment. Psychodynamic
      factors causing this situation are reviewed. A variety of methods and strategies
      are recommended for dealing with it. If the supervisor remains alert, the problem
      can be significantly resolved before it interferes with treatment. In this way,
      the student will be helped to overcome one of the major ealry hurdles of
      training.

PMID- 955794
TI  - The Ellsberg psychoanalytic situation.
AB  - The author proposes to explore an event that received nationwide publicity
      through the Watergate investigation: the burglary of the office of a Los Angeles
      psychoanalyst believed to be treating Dr. Daniel Ellsberg. A brief questionnaire,
      with an accompanying letter, was mailed to all members of the American
      Psychoanalytic Association. It requested voluntary information on the reaction of
      their patients to the aforesaid particular event. The results of the study was
      then evaluated as serving hopefully an indirect inquiry into psychoanalytic
      practice. This paper is based on an adjusted sample of 861 respondent
      psychoanalysts, who reported on a total of 5,074 analysands. The resultant
      figures indicate that a high percentage of the analysand sample was silent
      concerning the office break-in during the eight-week period following the
      national publicity given the event. Of the small percentage of analysands that
      did present material concerning the event, the survey found that they were the
      patients of only 84 analysts of the entire sample of 861. The absence of
      reference to the Ellsberg Affair in so many patients may have been due to (1) the
      fact that analysts create an analytic situation which has a basic quality of
      interference such that events of this kind do not get communicated, and (2), more
      important, the fact that analysts through some defensive need failed to take
      cognizance of references to the Ellsberg Affair in dreams or in the latent
      content of the associations of their patients. A "natural" psychoanalytic
      experiment has been studied, and the results are offered for consideration.

PMID- 955795
TI  - Conservatism and liberalism: a psychoanalytic examination of political belief.
AB  - A review of the historical development of conservative and liberal through
      reveals contradictory basic assumptions: the former views man as essentially evil
      by nature, and places its priorities upon self-restraint; the latter views man as
      essentially good, and with umlimited capabilities, and celebrates his efforts at
      creating a perfect society for himself. Three clinical vignettes are recounted in
      which the patient's intrapyschic organization found support from a hormonious
      political philosophy. It is suggested that conservatism and liberalism offer the
      individual an ideological resolution to the narcissistic injuries he experiences
      as a consequence of life's inevitable and developmentally determined
      disappointments.

PMID- 955796
TI  - Homogamous and heterogamous marriages.
AB  - This paper explores two marital constructs set forth by Peter Giovacchini. The
      first is based on a symbiotic reenactment in which the investment of both
      partners is tenacious and reciprocal, an attachment which Giovacchini refers to
      as a "character object" relationship. It represents intrapsychic homogramy. In
      the second construct, this deep form of attraction is absent and the dyadic bond
      is superficial, frequently transitory. The latter couples do not require an
      elementary, intrapsychic bond but do share particular defensive traits or
      symptoms. Thus these unions are termed "symptom object" relationships and are
      characterologically heterogamous. By means of a group case study approach, this
      distinction was statistically supported. Furthermore, it was found that
      homogamous marriages stay in treatment longer, maintain a lower divorce rate, and
      respond best to individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Heterogamous marriages,
      by contrast, show a higher divorce rate and tend to leave therapy prior to
      termination. The research also suggests that the initial treatment of choice for
      this type of marriage may well be conjoint or group psychotherapy.

PMID- 955797
TI  - Symbiosis and intimacy.
AB  - The symbiotic phase of development is crucially involved in determing the nature
      of psychopathology as well as promoting psychic processes that are involved in
      creative activity and intimate object relationships. In a well-established object
      relationship, the partners relate to each other in a symbiotic fashion. From the
      analysis of married persons (and some clinical material is presented in this
      paper), the author concludes that the fundamental character structure,
      psychopathological or otherwise, of each spouse is identical. Exceptions to this
      conclusion exist, but here one is dealing with an object relationship that is
      superficial and transitory. Symbiotic fusion regularly occurs in creative
      activity and empathic intimate relationships.

PMID- 955798
TI  - Psychological unevenness in the academically successful student.
AB  - Among students seen is psychoanalytic psychotherapy, there is a group who present
      the paradoxical clinical picture of great academic success alongside of quite
      primitive features in other aspects of their psychological functioning. This
      article offers an early developmental formulation of this aspect of these
      students. A clinical description of these patients is presented, including the
      observation that for each the early mother-child relationship seems to have been
      characterized by a predominant focus on maternal needs. A case history and
      summary of therapy of one of these students is discussed. Aspects of the mother
      child relationship are explored by means of historical data, memories, and most
      important, through various transference and countertransference manifestations.
      The nature of this early relationship is then discussed in terms of the work of
      Donald Winnicott and Masud Khan. Finally, an overview of therapy is presented
      along with a discussion of some forms of resistance and some countertransference
      problems that often arise in the course of therapy with such students.

PMID- 955799
TI  - Alan Strange as an adolescent: a discussion of Peter Shaffer's Equus.
AB  - Psychoanalytic knowledge of adolescence helps us to understand the protagonists
      of Peter Shaffer's play Equus. Alan Strang, the seventeen-year-old who maimed six
      horses, had undergone a retreat from oedipal wishes to narcissism typical of
      teenagers. His fragile attempts at achieving a sound sense of identity are
      undermined when his seeking of a noninestuous object produces panic and
      impotence. Dr. Dysart, the psychiatrist who envies his patient's passion, and
      fears hurting him through treatment, displays in an exaggerated way
      countertransferences often seen in therapists of adolescents. In addition, his
      doubts have some foundation in that the treatment he employs, catharsis, can
      encourage primitive defenses and the outpouring of uncontrolled, unneutralized
      drive derivatives. This is more likely to prevent adaptive creativity than the
      cure the doctor dreads. Finally, some technical problems in dealing with
      sublimations in psychoanalysis (which is not Dr. Dysart's form of treatment) are
      discussed.

PMID- 955800
TI  - Equus and the psychopathology of passion.
AB  - Peter Shaffer's play Equus is discussed in terms of its views on the concept of
      passion. The major characters show clear indications of psychopathological
      expressions of passion. Alan's pathology is highlighted by his psychotic
      identification with Equus and his binding of the horses. Dr. Dysart's pathology
      is seen in his greatly inhibited sense of passion. He envies Alan's passion and
      shows "countertransference" toward treating him. Both characters are studied in
      terms of level of object relations, ego functions, and unconscious fantasy.

PMID- 955801
TI  - Discussion of papers on Equus.
AB  - Three points are discussed concerning Equus and the preceding papers: (1) Because
      a play is not a free association obtained within the context of the analytic
      situation it is most difficult to "analyze." (2) The central theme of "passion"
      in Equus would seem to relate to the vicissitudes of infantile omnipotence, as
      noted in both the content of the play and the process of playwrighting. And (3)
      in Equus, the playwright not only creates a reality out of a fantasy, but
      "tricks" the audience into being a participant in the scopophilic activities
      depicted.

PMID- 955802
TI  - Intersecting languages in psychoanalysis and philosophy.
AB  - The introduction establishes a general view of the literature in which
      philosophers have profited from their encounters with analysis. It provides a
      frame within which to present more specific ideas about the method and language
      of psychoanalysis as viewed by philosophers. The method of interpretive
      reconstruction is unfolded from its original context of Freud's archaeological
      analogy. Further, the vocabulary of reconstruction, which is an intimate part of
      this analogy, is employed by Anna Freud is her discussion of defense mechanisms.
      Texts are cited and explicated. Meanwhile, the method of reconstruction is given
      independent, though related, application in the work of R. G. Collingwood, an
      archaeologist-philosopher-historian. The juxtaposition of Freud and Collingwood
      suggests that the methods of philosophy and analysis are more alike than the
      particular problems they try to solve. Both methods are oriented toward solving
      the problem of discovering meaning amid absurdity. The introduction of two
      specific examples lends substances to this claim. In the final section on the
      practice of interpretation, the question is raised as to how the introduction of
      the method of reconstruction affects the debate about the epistemological status
      of psychoanalysis as a science. Psychoanalytic knowledge shows itself to be more
      like that available to the historian than that accessible through physical
      theories. Still, physics and analysis can be compared. One must look to the
      interpretation of symbols. In psychoanalysis, giving an interpretation--in which
      nonsense becomes understandable--is a form of explanation. This methodological
      result suggests a conclusion about the relation between metapsychology and
      clinical practice.

PMID- 955803
TI  - Sartre's contribution to the understanding of narcissism.
AB  - As a means for presenting Sartre's insights into the narcissistic problems of the
      self, we have used his phenomenological system as articulated in Being and
      Nothingness (1943) to illuminate these issues in the personality of Roquentin,
      the hero of his novel Nausea (1938). Roquentin attempts to stabilize his
      fragmenting self and to avoid "nausea" by using three mechanisms which Sartre
      argues maintain the self from drowning in the objects of the self. These are
      "reflection," "temporality" (continuity through time), and "being-for-others"
      (how we experience another's view of ourselves). In Sartre's conception of being
      for-others lies many clinically useful insights which can be used to explain both
      the structure and the instability of the transferences seen in the treatment of
      narcissistic personality disorders. Sartre demonstrates by implication that the
      patient must maintain (by using bad faith, i.e., disavowal) that the therapist is
      acting freely, or these transferences collapse. Thus, the patient must feel he is
      the unique and special "occasion," of any warmth, empathy, or compliments. A case
      example is included to illustrate these issues of freedom and bad faith.

PMID- 955804
TI  - The mirror transference in the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of alcoholism: a case
      report.
AB  - The development of a mirror transference in the successful outpatient
      psychoanalytic psychotherapy of an alcoholic patient is described in this paper.
      Important features of the case were a very severe initial period of resistance, a
      dramatic shift from a climate of bitterness and rancor to one of quiet and
      satisfaction that coincided with the establishment of the mirroring relationship,
      then recall of important genetic material, and finally, a period of many gains in
      the patient's contemporary relationships. Very few interpretations were given.
      The psychotherapy was chiefly an attempt to provide the object relationship that
      would be therapeutic, an archaic relationship of the grandiose self and the
      mirroring self-object. The theoretical work of Balint and Kohut was applied to
      this problem (with the alcoholic patient) and proved extremely helpful in
      predicting the major turning points in the psychotherapy and in guiding the
      strategy of the therapist. The principal difficulty not fully predicted was the
      extent and depth of the resistance to a positive transferace; once this
      resistance was overcome, the psychotherapy proceeded in a way similar to that
      generally described by Kohut with regard to patients who became involved in a
      mirror transference.

PMID- 955805
TI  - Psychotherapeutic schema based on the paranoid process.
AB  - A psychotherapeutic schema is proposed based on the analysis of the paranoid
      process. The paranoid process involves a paranoid construction of the patient's
      view of reality and his environment, particularly the social environment. The
      paranoid construction sustains and makes sense out of the patient's projective
      system. These projective elements reflect and are derived from the introjects-
      the internalized objects around which the patient's inner world and his
      experience of himself are organized. The schema aims at focusing the therapy on
      these introjects as central to the psychopathology. The following steps of the
      schema are outlined and discussed: establishing the therapeutic alliance,
      defining the projective system, testing reality, clarification of the introjects,
      derivation of the introjects, motivation of the introjects, mourning of infantile
      attachments, emergence of transference dependence, transference resolution, and
      termination.

PMID- 955806
TI  - Development of neurophysiological indices of retardation: interhemispheric
      asymmetry of the visual evoked cortical response.
AB  - Visual evoked cortical responses (VECRs) were recorded from the left (O1) and
      right (02) hemispheres at varying interstimulus intervals (ISIs) in children who
      were either: Normal (dextral), Dextral Retardates, or Sinistral Retardates.
      Latencies of N1 and P2 components of the VECR were stable and similar for both
      hemispheres in all groups. There was an asymmetry between the hemispheres for N1
      P2 amplitude: right greater than left in Normals; this direction of asymmetry was
      also present in Sinistral Retardates, but was reversed in Dextral Retardates. The
      direction of normal VECR asymmetry was the reverse of that previously established
      for the auditory evoked cortical response (AECR) amplitude (Richlin, et al.,
      1973; Matsumiya, et al., 1972; Morrell & Salamy, 1971; Wood, et al., 1971). It is
      suggested that some neural mechanism of the retardates may allow excessive non
      verbal stimulation of the normally "verbal" hemisphere. The electrical activity
      of the brain consequent to auditory or visual stimulation appears to depend upon:
      the modality of stimulation, the mental status of the individual, and his
      handedness. These factors have led to the establishment of an additional index to
      provide differential diagnosis of the mental status of the child.

PMID- 955807
TI  - Levels of norepinephrine in rat cerebellum after administration of the convulsant
      3-mercaptopropionic acid.
AB  - The level of norepinephrine in rat cerebellum was assayed after the
      administration of the convulsant 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Decrease in
      norepinephrine was observed after the onset of seizure. The results were compared
      with those of GABA which were diminished both during and after convulsions. The
      decrease of GABA was prior to that of norepinephrine.

PMID- 955808
TI  - The differential effects of semantic, acoustic, and nonverbal distraction on
      Korsakoff patients' verbal retention performance.
AB  - Korsakoff and alcoholic control patients' verbal retention performance was
      assessed following either acoustic, semantic, or nonverbal distractor activity.
      Both patient groups were similarly affected by the degree of relatedness between
      the distractor and the memoranda. Semantic distraction produced more verbal
      forgetting than acoustic, which in turn, caused more forgetting than the
      nonverbal tasks. The Korsakoff patients' verbal retention, however, became
      increasingly impaired, relative to the controls, as the level of similarity
      between the distraction and the memoranda increased. These results suggest that
      Korsakoff patients have  difficulty performing verbal analyses which incorporated
      the distinctive physical, phonemic and semantic features of the memoranda into
      the development of their verbal memory traces.

PMID- 955809
TI  - A neuropsychodiagnostic model.
AB  - Central Nervous System pathology in children is regarded as a neurophysiological
      and/or neuroanatomical disorder leading to the production of a broad spectrum of
      symptomatic indicators, many of which are psychological in nature. This
      fundamental relationship between neurological integrity and various categories of
      psychopathology represents the theoretical core of a specific diagnostic
      rationale elaborated in the context of a neuropsychodiagnostic model. A battery
      of psychological tests, as one component of a more general assessment approach,
      is proposed as a psychoeducational method complementing the more traditional
      medical approach to the diagnosis of various neuropathological conditions in
      children, especially minimal brain damage/dysfunction.

PMID- 955810
TI  - [Letter: Practical characterization of the linearity of gamma camera counts].

PMID- 955811
TI  - [Radiosialography, a dynamic study of the salivary glands by 99m Tc
      pertechnetate].

PMID- 955812
TI  - Thyroid vascularity and trapping function: analysis of very early thyroidal
      technetium"uptake".

PMID- 955813
TI  - Trace elements in human pituitary.

PMID- 955814
TI  - Uptake and excretion of 61Cu and 64Cu-myambutol by the liver. Experimental
      studies in rats and possibilities of a functional liver test in humans.

PMID- 955815
TI  - Long-lived radionuclide impurities in eluates from molybdenum-technetium
      generators and the associated absorbed dose to the patient.

PMID- 955816
TI  - Cyclotron production of 62Zn for medical use.

PMID- 955817
TI  - Measurement of human growth hormone production rate. Recommendations for a
      standardized protocol.

PMID- 955818
TI  - The causal priority between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorder: a
      prospective study.

PMID- 955819
TI  - The multiple recurrent family model in the therapeutic community.

PMID- 955820
TI  - The sociopathic or psychopathic personality.

PMID- 955821
TI  - Social psychiatry in Hungary.

PMID- 955822
TI  - Thoughts on racialism.

PMID- 955823
TI  - Psychiatric medication: the role on the non-physician.

PMID- 955824
TI  - Gestalt awareness: a way of being as a Yoga for the west.

PMID- 955825
TI  - Alienation as a social psychiatric concept.

PMID- 955826
TI  - Editorial: Keratoprosthesis.

PMID- 955827
TI  - Editorial: Phototherapy and retinal damage.

PMID- 955828
TI  - Fucosidosis: ultrastructural study of conjunctiva and skin and enzyme analysis of
      tears.
AB  - Conjunctival and skin biopsies from two new patients with fucosidosis were
      studied by electron microscopy. In both tissues, the connective tissue cells and
      the capillary endothelial cells were filled with single membrane limited
      inclusions of two types: (1) Clear inclusions containing a fibrillogranular
      reticulum. (2) Dark inclusions with a dense granular material. Specific stainings
      in ultrastructure suggest that these inclusions contain oligosaccharide chains.
      The ultrastructural aspect is characteristic for fucosidosis. Enzyme studies on
      tears realized an easy and secure technique for the diagnosis of the disease.

PMID- 955829
TI  - Analog vs. digital photogrammetry for optic cup analysis.
AB  - This report compares the reproducibility of analog and digital photogrammetry for
      topographical analysis of the optic cup. Ten simultaneous stereophotographs of
      each of three optic discs were taken with the Zeiss fundus camera plus a twin
      prism stereoseparator. Digital processing produced photogrammetric contours of
      the optic cup and estimates of its geometry. Optic cup contours from the same
      stereopairs were also drawn with an analog stereoplotter and were analyzed by
      manual planimetry. The reproducibility of digital photogrammetry and analysis for
      estimation of cup depth, cup width, cup cross sectional area, and cup volume was
      concluded to be generally superior to the reproducibility of analog
      photogrammetry and manual analysis.

PMID- 955830
TI  - Morphological fiber types of retractor bulbi muscle in mouse and rat.
AB  - Retractor bulbi muscles of mouse and rat were examined by light and electron
      microscopy. Two morphological fiber types were observed, analogous to Type I and
      Type II cells of skeletal musculature and comparable to fibers observed in the
      global region of the rectus extraocular muscles of these species.

PMID- 955831
TI  - Adaptive programming of phasic and tonic components in saccadic eye movements.
      Investigations of patients with abducens palsy.
AB  - Two patients with unilateral abducens palsy used their paretic-but visually
      superior-eye for fixation. In these patients, adaptive changes of saccadic
      amplitude and of the relation between phasic and tonic components of saccades
      were found. These changes led to a reduction of foveation time.

PMID- 955832
TI  - On the site of strabismic suppression.
AB  - A grating pattern presented to one eye of an individual capable of alternating
      suppression induces a visual aftereffect (contrast threshold elevation), even
      when the pattern is phenomenally suppressed from vision. This finding indicates
      that strabismic suppression occurs within the visual system after the site of the
      aftereffect, and points out a similarity between strabismic suppression and
      binocular rivalry suppression.

PMID- 955833
TI  - Rabbit corneal epithelial cells grown in vitro without serum.
AB  - Primary outgrowth cultures of normal rabbit corneal epithelium can be initiated
      and propagated in vitro up to 6 days in serum-free medium. By the eighth day the
      majority of cells have ceased to divide. Epithelial cells grown without serum
      show DNA synthetic activity at a level comparable to control cultures grown with
      added serum.

PMID- 955834
TI  - The measurement of ocular transmittance and irradiation distribution in argon
      laser irradiated rabbit eyes.
AB  - The transmittance of the ocular media has been measured in vivo in rabbit eyes
      using an argon laser light source and microthermocouple sensor. The intensity
      profiles at the cornea and retina were measured with the thermocouple and the
      ratio of the power associated with the intensity profiles indicated the fraction
      of light power reaching the retina. Measurements from 10 rabbits indicated a
      transmittance coefficient of 0.85 for wavelengths between 488 and 514.5 nm.

PMID- 955835
TI  - An explanation for the long duration of mydriatic effect of atropine in eye.
AB  - The mydriatic effect of topically applied 3H-atropine (2%) was compared in the
      pigmented rabbits (black fur and dark brown irides) and nonpigmented (albino)
      atropinesterase-negative rabbits. The duration, t1/2, of the mydriatic effect in
      the nonpigmented and pigmented rabbit was 43.5 and greater than 96 hours,
      respectively. At hour 96, the tissue 3H-atropine in the pigmented iris was
      greater than that in the nonpigmented iris by the factor of eight. The longer
      duration of mydriatic effect in the pigmented iris is explained by the slow
      release of the bound drug from the pigment onto the muscarinic receptors.

PMID- 955836
TI  - Origin of ghost cell in Coats' disease.
AB  - A morphological study of Coats' disease was performed with light and electron
      microscopy. The choroid was intact throughout. The pigment epithelial cells
      showed proliferative changes, being thickened in two or three rows. The
      transitional form of ghost cell was observed in contact with the pigment
      epithelial layer, then migrated toward the subretinal space, and finally invaded
      the detached retina. It was concluded that the origin of ghost cell in Coats'
      disease was the pigment epithelium.

PMID- 955837
TI  - An analysis of the value of additional diagnostic procedures.
AB  - When several diagnostic procedures are performed on a patient, the probability of
      his having or not having a specific ailment will change as the result of each
      procedure is known. This paper describes how such a change is readily calculated
      using Bayes' theorem. Information theory is also used to find the increment in
      information from each successive test. Numerical estimates are made using data
      pertinent to lung X-ray examinations. Finally, some implications for diagnostic
      examinations in general are drawn.

PMID- 955838
TI  - Cardiac volume measurement errors.
AB  - Measurements of cardiac volumes based on biplane radiographic data exhibit a
      cyclical variation as the heart is rotated with respect to the radiologic
      instrumentation. This study develops a theoretical basis for evaluating the
      measurement errors due to orientation, that explains the cyclical variation.
      Since this type of measurement error is always one of overestimation, better
      accuracy will be obtained if several views are performed at varying orientations
      and the smallest of the resulting values is used as the measurement.

PMID- 955839
TI  - Activation of serum complement by contrast media.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the activation of serum complement by contrast media,
      in vitro and in vivo. Activation as a function of concentration was measured and
      the increasing order of effectiveness was found to be metrizamide, iothalamate,
      diatrizoate, acetrizoate, iodipamide and iopanoate. This order is the same as for
      protein binding and enzyme inhibition. The activation mechanism for iodipamide,
      and by inference for the other compounds, does not involve gamma-globulin
      aggregation. Serial daily injections in normal dogs resulted in substantial
      declines in serum complement over several days. Guinea pigs which were depleted
      of serum complement with cobra venom factor were found to be no less sensitive to
      lethal doses of iodipamide than those with normal complement. Implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 955840
TI  - Influences on the rate of absorption of the cholecystographic contrast medium
      iosumetic acid in man.
AB  - Groups of 5 fasting male and female patients aged 32-83 years were each given 3
      gm of the cholecystographic contrast medium iosumetic acid in micronized form
      (particle size less than 20 mum); Group I with 150 ml tea (standard
      administration);  Group II with 500 ml tea; Group III with 150 ml tea plus 10 mg
      metoclopramide (Paspertin) 5 min p. admin. i.v.; and Group IV with 150 ml tea and
      3 gm sodium bicarbonate. Blood samples were taken in the period up to 6 hours
      after administration in order to determine the iodine concentration according to
      the method of Juegst and Stauch. In Groups I and II maximum blood levels were
      reached 2.1 +/- 0.4 or 2.0 +/- 0.4 h p. admin. respectively, in Group III 1.6 +/-
      0.2 h p. admin (in comparison to Group I: p less than 0.05) and in Group IV the
      maximum level was reached after only 0.9 +/- 0.2 h p. admin. The difference
      between Group IV and the other three groups is statistically significant (p less
      than 0.01). A half-life of 0.3 +/- 0.1 h was calculated for absorption in Group
      IV.

PMID- 955841
TI  - Testing of myelographic contrast media using the pig as an experimental animal.

PMID- 955842
TI  - The response of fluoroscopic image intensifier-TV systems.

PMID- 955843
TI  - Letter: Appropriate models of acute renal failure.

PMID- 955844
TI  - Organ culture of rodent prostate. Effects of polyamines and testosterone.
AB  - Prostate organs were maintained in culture for 14 days on a plasma clot to which
      insulin, testosterone, spermine, and spermidine were added. Explants cultured in
      the control medium (embryo extract and chicken plasma) showed regressive changes
      and there was complete necrosis by the 5th day.  When cultured in the presence of
      testosterone plus the control medium the explants continued to maintain their
      epithelial height and stromal characteristics after 5 days. By the 7th day
      regressive changes similar to those seen for explants cultured in the absence of
      testosterone were observed. With spermine and spermidine in the medium along with
      insulin and testosterone, the stromal and epithelial integrity of the explants
      was kept intact for 14 days. When either testosterone or spermine was omitted
      from this list of additives, survival and maintenance of normal morphology were
      greatly impaired. Omission of spermidine did not affect results if the other
      chemicals were added. No attempts were made to maintain cultures beyond 14 days.

PMID- 955845
TI  - Effect of prolactin on the metabolism of androgens by the rat ventral prostate
      gland in vitro.
AB  - When homogenates of rat ventral prostate glands were incubated with varying
      amounts of prolactin (0.2, 0.8, or 2.0 IU per ml), there were significant
      alterations in the bioconversion of [3H]testosterone and its principal
      radiometabolites. A 2.0-IU per ml dose of prolactin significantly reduced the
      metabolism of labeled testosterone in the prostate gland (P less than or equal to
      0.01). Similarly, the amounts of [3H]5alpha-androstane-3beta,-17beta-diol
      ([3H]androstanediol) formed from [3H]testosterone were significantly lower (P
      less than or equal to 0.05) in the prolactin-treated groups than they were in the
      controls. Only the highest dose of prolactin (namely, 2.0 IU per ml) impaired the
      conversion of [3H]testosterone to [3H]17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one and
      to [3H]-dihydrotestosterone in the homogenates of rat ventral prostate glands.
      These findings suggest that prolactin is capable of exerting intracellular
      actions as evidenced by its ability to interfere with steroidogenesis in androgen
      dependent tissues.

PMID- 955846
TI  - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in renal lymph. An experimental study in dogs.
AB  - Renal lymph concentrations of ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephacetrile,
      cephaloridine, and nitrofurantoin were determined in a total of 28 dogs during
      constant infusion of the drugs together with [125I]iothalamate and [131I]o
      iodohippurate for simultaneous determination of glomerular filtration rate and
      effective renal plasma flow. The lymph concentrations of the radiolabeled
      clearance substances, serving as a standard were compared to those of the
      antimicrobial agents. The lymph concentrations of the four antibiotics were all
      significantly lower than the respective simultaneous arterial plasma
      concentrations. The nitrofurantoin lymph concentrations were equal to the
      simultaneous plasma concentrations. It is concluded that the renal lymph
      concentrations of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics do not exceed the
      simultaneous plasma concentrations unless the urine flow is obstructed.

PMID- 955847
TI  - Innervation of pelvic viscera in the rat. Evoked potentials in nerves to bladder
      and penis (clitoris).
AB  - In 29 rats, responses evoked by pelvic and hypogastric nerve stimulation were
      recorded from postganglionic nerves to bladder and penis (clitoris). Responses to
      pelvic nerve stimulation had nonsynapsing and synapsing components. The
      nonsynapsing component was relatively large in main nerve to penis and small in
      lateral nerve to penis and nerves to bladder. Pelvic nerve fiber synapsing on
      pelvic ganglion neurons to bladder had a large subliminal fringe, while fibers
      synapsing on neurons supplying penis (clitoris) had a small subliminal fringe.
      Recruitment was greater in nerves to bladder and lateral nerve to penis
      (clitoris) compared to main nerve to penis (clitoris), indicating more synapsing
      fibers in the former nerves. Almost all hypogastric fibers to bladder were
      direct. A small subliminal fringe was demonstrated for hypogastric fibers
      synapsing on neurons supplying penis. No subliminal fringe was evident for the
      bladder. Pelvic and hypogastric nerve interaction on pelvic ganglion neurons
      could not be demonstrated with either single shock or tetanic trains of
      conditioning stimuli. With antidromic stimulation, conduction velocities of
      afferent fibers in pelvic nerve ranged from 0.15 m per sec to 2.9 m per sec. In
      hypogastric nerve they ranged from 0.35 m per sec to 2.8 m per sec.

PMID- 955848
TI  - Ureteric vascular and muscle coat innervation in the rat. A quantitative
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The application of a quantitative ultrastructural approach to the study of the
      innervation of the smooth muscle in the wall of the ureter of the rat has
      revealed major differences in the structure of the nerves in the muscle coat and
      in the walls of the arterioles. The high density of adrenergic terminals in the
      periarteriolar nerves is consistent with the distribution of many of the
      postganglionic sympathetic axons that run in the ureteric nerves to blood vessels
      and the low density of both adrenergic and cholinergic terminals in the
      intramuscular nerves implies that the autonomic nervous system plays only a
      secondary role in controlling the activity of the muscle. The mean size of the
      intramuscular nerves corresponds to that of the nerves in the submucosa and
      terminals of the kind that occur in the submucosal nerves are numerous. The
      function of axons with such terminals and their possible involvement in the
      transmission to the central nervous system of pain impulses is discussed.

PMID- 955849
TI  - The autoimmune response to male reproductive tissues of rabbits. IV. Induction of
      autosensitization to central accessory tissue by the intraabdominal release of
      endogenous secretions.
AB  - A study is described in which tissue- and secretion-specific autosensitization
      was induced in adult male rabbits through intraabdominal cannulation of one or
      more of their central accessory glands. Both primary and secondary humoral
      antibodies were elicited by this procedure, as determined by tanned cell
      hemagglutination and passive hemolysis, i.e., complement fixation. The secondary
      antibody responses were elicited by (i) cannulation of animals which had been
      previously stimulated by cryosurgery or combined cryosurgery and injection of
      pooled accessory tissue extract, and (ii) isoinjection of previously cannulated
      animals with accessory tissue extract. Primary antibody responses were less in
      animals castrated at the time of cannulation compared to those in noncastrated
      animals; but, paradoxically, subsequent challenges with tissue extract induced
      higher secondary antibody titers in castrated animals. These observations may be
      explained in castrates by (i) reduced uptake of antibodies--a result of the
      sparing effect on circulating antibodies in castrated animals because of
      accessory tissue atrophy, or (ii) increased production of antibodies through
      postcastration immune enhancement. In noncastrates secondary antibody depression
      may be related to (i) increased absorption of antibodies by an accessory gland
      complex which is much larger than that found in castrates, or (ii) tolerance, due
      to exposure of the antibody-producing system to excess accessory tissue antigen.

PMID- 955850
TI  - Prostatic fluid and tissue concentrations of ampicillin after administration of
      hetacillin ester (BL-P1761).
AB  - Ampicillin concentrations in prostatic fluid and tissue were studied in dogs
      after constant intravenous infusion of ampicillin (three dogs) and a lipid
      soluble methoxymethyl ester of hetacillin, BL-P1761 (six dogs). Prostatic fluid
      ampicillin concentrations as determined by bioassay were found to be
      approximately 15 times higher after administration of hetacillin than after a
      similar amount of ampicillin. The prostatic fluid concentrations after hetacillin
      ester administration were approximately one-half of the simultaneous plasma
      concentrations. This hetacillin ester is thus the first penicillin compound shown
      to be penetrating the blood-prostatic fluid barrier, resulting in clinically
      relevant prostatic fluid concentrations.

PMID- 955851
TI  - Structure and function of the rabbit bladder altered by chronic obstruction or
      cystitis.
AB  - Decreased muscle contractility has been observed in association with
      intercellular collagen deposition after acute urinary obstruction. Chronically
      induced (2 months) bladder neck obstruction in rabbits produced similar marked
      changes in the ultrastructure of the bladder wall, with widening of the
      intercellular spaces and formation of collagen. Resting intravesical pressure was
      greater in animals with bladder neck obstruction than in the controls, yet
      response to stimulation was not impaired. Bacterial cystitis, in contrast,
      produced no consistent change in ultrastructure but the response of intravesical
      pressure to pelvic nerve stimulation was reduced. It is concluded that
      intercellular collagen deposition is not responsible per se for impaired
      conduction of nerve stimuli; perhaps discrete conduction pathways exist in the
      detrusor and the intercellular electrotonic spread of action potentials is not
      essential for contraction.

PMID- 955852
TI  - Effect of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, and prolactin on the
      weight and citric acid content of the lateral lobe of the rat prostate.
AB  - This study has been designed to investigate possible potentiation of testosterone
      and dihydrotestosterone by estradiol and prolactin in augmenting weight and
      citric acid content of the rat lateral prostate. Using these parameters, we hoped
      to indirectly assess the effect of estradiol and prolactin on 5alpha-reduction as
      it acts on the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotesterone. In the first part
      of the study, 87 castrate and 14 control rats were used to assess the effect of
      testosterone or dihydrotestosterone when supplemented with estradiol; in the
      second part of the study, 121 castrate-hypophysectomized rats separated into
      three groups according to age and stage of maturation were used to assess the
      effect of prolactin in supplementing testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.
      Estradiol appears to have a greater effect on 5alpha-reduction than does
      prolactin; however, other pathways of androgen metabolism are altered by these
      agents. These alternate pathways are discussed.

PMID- 955853
TI  - In vitro dog detrusor strip contractile responses and calcium ion activity.
AB  - In vitro detrusor strip experiments show that the presence of calcium ion is
      essential for spontaneous and bethanechol-induced detrusor contractile activity.
      45Ca uptake experiments show that detrusor strips subjected to bethanechol show
      increased 45Ca uptake with significant decrease in total muscle strip calcium.
      There is a significant increase in the percentage of calcium exchange, suggesting
      that calcium efflux has exceeded influx. Kinetic analysis of 45Ca uptake by
      detrusor strips shows more 45Ca to reside in the slow component of strips
      following exposure to bethanechol. This suggests that calcium associated with
      bethanechol-induced contractile activity comes to occupy intracellular or more
      tightly bound membrane sites.

PMID- 955854
TI  - Cathechol-O-methyl transferase activity in the individual human platelet
      populations.
AB  - COMT activity is present in many animal tissues, but there is no evidence on the
      presence or the functional role of COMT activity in platelets. The present work
      reports the results obtained on COMT activity in the individual platelet
      populations separated by a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. In the young
      platelet populations the activity is remarkable higher than in the old and light
      populations. Low values of COMT activity in the old platelets may reflect
      platelet senescence.

PMID- 955855
TI  - Urea cycle enzymes in the liver of a dolphin Platanista indi.
AB  - Urea cycle enzymes are all shown to be active in dolphin liver. Acetylglutamate
      independent cytoplasmic carbamylphosphate synthase is also present. Arginase is a
      basic protein, although less markedly basic than the dog enzyme. It is 118 per
      cent activated by heating at 50 degrees. Optimum pH is 10.5. Co++ and Ni++
      inhibit the enzyme. AMP deaminase, glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate
      dehydrogenase and ornithine transaminase are also active in dolphin liver.

PMID- 955856
TI  - DNA synthesis in isolated mitochondria: effect of thyroidectomy and of
      triiodothyronine administration in vivo.
AB  - The incorporation was studied of labelled deoxy-ribonucleosides triphosphates
      into acid-insoluble material by isolated liver mitochondria, obtained from either
      normal young male rats, or thyroidectomized at weaning, or thyroidectomized and
      then treated with triiodothyronine (T3). The incorporation extents in normal
      animals decreased with the age starting from the weaning until the 210th day.
      Thyroidectomy reduced the incorporation  extent to about 70% of the values
      observed in normal animals. During the T3 treatment of thyroidectomized rats a
      sharp increase of incorporation was observed one day after the first
      administration, followed by a decrease from the 1st to the 3rd day; successively
      the incorporation extent remained unchanged until the 12th day. Finally, evidence
      was provided that T3 doses used were thyreomimetic and definitely lower than the
      thyreotoxic ones.

PMID- 955857
TI  - Valyl-transfer RNA formation stimulated by monovalent cations and spermine in rat
      liver.
AB  - Valyl-tRNA synthetase from rat liver catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA in the
      presence of a) Mg2+, b) monovalent cations and c) spermine. The degree of
      aminoacylation with Na+ is equal to that with Mg2+ but the ATP required with Na+
      is 25 times lower than that with Mg2+. The aminoacylation becomes almost
      undetectable in the presence of Na+ when tRNA deprived of Mg2+ is used.

PMID- 955858
TI  - Proceedings: Correlation between some enzymes of nucleotide catabolism, E rosette
      formation and PHA response of blood lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease and chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 955859
TI  - Proceedings: Correlation between structure and function in skeletal muscle AMP
      deaminase.

PMID- 955860
TI  - Proceedings: Importance of base-exchange reactions for phospholipid synthesis in
      brain in vivo.

PMID- 955861
TI  - Proceedings: DNA/protein ratios in neuronal and glial cells of the rat during
      myelination.

PMID- 955862
TI  - Proceedings: Metabolic features of pyruvate-kinase deficient erythrocytes.

PMID- 955863
TI  - Changes in the renin-angiotensin system in normotensive and hypertensive women
      during pregnancy and parturition.
AB  - Plasma renin activity, plasma renin concentration and plasma angiotensin II were
      measured in 18 primigravid women and 17 multiparous women between 37 and 42 weeks
      of gestation. Seven of the primigravid and seven of the multiparous women were
      admitted to hospital because they developed hypertension during pregnancy. In the
      primigravid group, the mean angiotensin II level was significantly higher in the
      hypertensive than in the normotensive women. A highly significant correlation was
      found between diastolic blood pressure and plasma angiotensin II levels. Although
      a similar trend was seen in the multiparous women, there was a wide scatter of
      values and the relationship between diastolic blood pressure and plasma
      angiotensin II was not significant. No correlation could be established between
      plasma renin concentration and angiotensin II levels. However, there was a trend
      towards a negative correlation between plasma renin activity and plasma
      angiotensin II, suggesting that high angiotensin levels may suppress renal renin
      release. The influence of parturition on plasma angiotensin II levels was
      investigated in 12 women. Maternal plasma angiotensin II levels were
      significantly higher in the second stage of labor than in women delivered by
      elective cesarean section.

PMID- 955864
TI  - Is mild preeclampsia (EPH gestosis) harmful to the baby?
AB  - Mild preeclampsia, as defined by a rise in blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg or more
      in the third trimester of pregnancy, does not affect the baby either in terms of
      increased perinatal mortality or a reduction in birth weight. Higher maternal
      weight gains are associated with greater birth weight of the babies in
      primigravidae, provided that proteinuria does not occur. Reduction of water
      retention by diuretic treatment does not lower the incidence of preeclampsia,
      does reduce the weight of the baby.

PMID- 955865
TI  - Changes preceding the development of preeclamptic toxemia.
AB  - No differences were found at the 30th week of pregnancy in total body water,
      serum sodium, potassium, chloride and osmolality, plasma volume, total protein
      concentration, intravascular protein mass, serum albumin concentration,
      intravascular albumin mass, and urinary estriol and pregnanediol in 94
      primigravidae who remained normotensive, 35 who developed mild preeclampsia, and
      23 who developed severe preeclampsia (i.e. hypertension and significant
      proteinuria in the third trimester). In twin pregnancies no differences were
      found between 13 primigravidae who remained normotensive and nine who
      subsequently developed proteinuria and hypertension.

PMID- 955866
TI  - Toxemia of pregnancy in Jerusalem. II. The role of diet.
AB  - A dietary history was obtained from 180 patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia,
      representing 92% of all cases occurring in the pregnant population of West
      Jerusalem over a defined period. The intake of nutrients and 78 items of diet was
      compared for each patient and two healthy control subjects who were matched for
      country of origin, parity, month of delivery, age, year of immigration and years
      of schooling. All diagnoses were made by the same research team and dietary
      histories were elicited by one of two experienced dieticians. Comparisons between
      the 180 patients and their respective control pairs showed a significantly
      reduced intake of calories, proteins and fats and an increase in consumption of
      sugar and sweets by the patients. The food items involved, including cheese,
      eggs, olives and nuts, did not appear consistently, however, in population
      subgroups defined by age, period of immigration and country of origin. Sixty-six
      patients reported not having changed their diets during pregnancy and these
      showed no significant differences in consumption of any of the foods or nutrients
      at the 1% level, when compared with their matched control subjects. All
      differences observed were confined to the 114 patients who, for one reason or
      another, had changed their diets. It is concluded that the differences in diet
      between patients and control subjects are the result, and not the cause, of the
      toxemia of pregnancy. Supporting and contradictory evidence in the literature is
      analyzed, and possible sources of the discrepancies are pointed out.

PMID- 955867
TI  - Metabolic aspects of a hypoxia test for placental sufficiency.
AB  - A hypoxia test for placental sufficiency was performed on 24 healthy pregnant
      women nearing term and 23 high-risk pregnant women in advanced stages of
      gestation. Hypoxia was induced by inhalation of a breathing mixture containing 7%
      oxygen through a semi-open system which permitted partial rebreathing, thus
      preventing hypocapnia. The changes in fetal heart rate (FHR) resulting from
      maternal hypoxia were recorded continuously by external or internal monitoring.
      The changes observed in FHR were more marked in high-risk cases. Maternal blood
      gases were tested before and after 10 min of hypoxia in 10 normal and 10 high
      risk patients. In no case was maternal acidosis observed. All pregnant patients
      regarded as high-risk because of hypertensive disorders or chronic renal disease
      manifested metabolic alkalosis. This finding cannot be explained. It is regarded
      as being responsible for the more severe FHR changes through a negative Bohr
      effect, which reduces the dynamic exchange of oxygen in the placenta. Metabolic
      alkalosis does not appear in high-risk pregnant women exposed to milder hypoxia
      by breathing 12% oxygen. The changes in FHR observed during severe maternal
      hypoxia, i.e., 7% oxygen, are probably due more to maternal metabolic alkalosis
      than to placental insufficiency. Consequently, the "severe hypoxia test" cannot
      be used as a test for placental insufficiency.

PMID- 955868
TI  - Preeclampsia and fetal well-being.
AB  - Thirty-three women with preeclamptic toxemia were retrospectively divided into
      three groups, according to clinical data, urinary estriol excretion, fetal
      growth, fetal movements and fetal heart recordings. In group 1 (six patients)
      there was no fetal growth retardation, and fetal motor function and heart rate
      were normal. In group 2 (17 patients) there was fetal growth retardation, estriol
      values were usually low, and fetal movements and heart rate were normal. In group
      3 (10 patients) fetal movements decreased markedly almost until complete
      cessation for 12 to 24 h, and pathological changes were present in fetal heart
      recordings. A classification of preeclamptic toxemia according to these criteria
      is suggested. Patients who manifest placental metabolic failure, such as the
      women in group 2, should be hospitalized for observation only, as no immediate
      danger to the fetus is apparent. If there are signs of severe fetal distress and
      cardiomotor failure, such as in group 3, prompt delivery is essential to prevent
      fetal death in utero.

PMID- 955869
TI  - Prognostic parameters in myeloid metaplasia: agnogenic versus postpolycythemic.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia were diagnosed and
      followed during the period 1955-74. Twenty-eight suffered from agnogenic myeloid
      metaplasia and 11 from myeloid metaplasia following polycythemia vera. In an
      attempt to compare the two groups and to define prognostic guidelines, an
      analysis of survival with respect to various clinical parameters was made. The
      median survival time of patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia was seven
      years as opposed to only 28 months for the poltpolycythemic group. Older age at
      diagnosis, a large spleen, or its rapid enlargement, anemia and leukocytosis, but
      not thrombocytopenia, had a marked negative effect on survival. The clinical
      condition of most patients was remarkably stable during the entire course of
      their disease. If a significant drop in hemoglobin occurred, it was sudden, and
      caused by gastrointestinal hemorrhage or the development of acute leukemia. No
      demonstrable effect of therapy on survival was found.

PMID- 955870
TI  - Sickle cell thalassemia in an Israeli family.
AB  - Sickle cell thalassemia in an Israeli family of Indian extraction is described.
      The family demonstrates the segregation of the betaS- and beta-thal genes and the
      interaction phenomenon known to exist in this condition is demonstrated clearly
      in the propositus.

PMID- 955871
TI  - Acute acoustic trauma - a clinical investigation and prognosis in 433 symptomatic
      soldiers.
AB  - An audiological and clinical study was carried out on 433 soldiers suffering from
      symptomatic acute acoustic trauma (AAT). The severity of AAT was similar
      following exposure to different types of firearms. The typical subjective
      complaints were tinnitus and hearing loss and the more severe the objective
      hearing loss, the more frequent were the typical subjective symptoms. It seems
      that there are critical sound pressure levels and critical frequencies below
      which the remnants of infectious processes in the middle ear may have a
      protective effect on the cochlea in cases of exposure to noise, whereas above
      these critical levels and frequencies the injurious influence of noise appears to
      be enhanced. The best known treatment for AAT seems to be removal from further
      exposure to noise. Further exposure to noise had a significant worsening
      influence on the average hearing status, while removal from noise significantly
      improved the audiometric status.

PMID- 955872
TI  - Aplasia of toe phalanges and nails.
AB  - An infant born without toenails and without the middle and distal phalanges of
      the toes was otherwise normal, on clinical and radiological examination. This is
      the second case of this entity to be described. It is speculated that an
      environmental insult at the critical period of fetal toe development may be the
      cause of the anomaly, but a genetic factor cannot be excluded.

PMID- 955873
TI  - MBD, drug research and the schools. A Conference on Medical Responsibility and
      Community Control/February 13-14, 1976.

PMID- 955874
TI  - Inevitable failure of a shortcut policy. Compulsory sterilization in India: is
      coercion the only alternative to chaos?

PMID- 955875
TI  - Distinguishing the social from the pathological. Death, where is thy 'cause'?

PMID- 955877
TI  - Scientists and humanists.

PMID- 955876
TI  - Change in a traditional relationship. Erosion of patient trust in large medical
      centers.

PMID- 955878
TI  - The psychiatrist's role in moral dilemmas. Is a crisis of conscience a medical
      problem?

PMID- 955879
TI  - The psychiatrist's role in moral dilemmas. Is a crisis of conscience a medical
      problem?

PMID- 955880
TI  - Letter: Hospital power.

PMID- 955881
TI  - In re Quinlan: legal comfort for doctors.

PMID- 955882
TI  - The roots of science and ethics.

PMID- 955883
TI  - Letter: Doctoring parental desires.

PMID- 955884
TI  - Letter: Professions dis-"owned".

PMID- 955885
TI  - Letter: Testing contraceptives.

PMID- 955886
TI  - An account by a dialysis patient. Man and machine: life without kidneys.

PMID- 955887
TI  - Effective one-day colon preparation for colonoscopy and polypectomy.

PMID- 955888
TI  - [Various dermatologic prolegomena concerning the current collagen research].

PMID- 955889
TI  - [The polymorphism of collagen. New viewpoints on the structure and function of
      connective tissue].
AB  - Recent studies have established that connective tissue contains several
      chemically and genetically distinct collagens. Here we discuss the nature of
      these proteins, their occurrence in different tissues and their involvement in
      disease processes. Types I, II and II collagens show some similarities indicating
      a common origin. Morphological studies using antibodies against the various
      collagens indicate that the different collagens occur in different anatomical
      structures. Alterations in the distribution of these collagens are seen in
      tissues in certain disease states and may cause the loss of normal tissue
      function.

PMID- 955890
TI  - [Animal experiments on the relationship between urinary excretion of
      hydroxyproline and serum hydroxyproline fractions].
AB  - Hydroxyproline excreted withh the urine and the free and peptide-bound
      hydroxyproline in the serum originate from collagen catabolism in the connective
      tissue. The relation of protein-bound hydroxyproline in the serum to the collagen
      metabolism is still contradictory. In normal and lathyritic rats the time
      dependent changes of specific hydroxyproline activity in the urine and serum
      after intraperitoneal application of C-14-proline were determined. In normal rats
      the main part of hydroxyproline excreted in urine and of the protein-bound
      hydroxyproline in serum have corresponding half-life periods of 0,6-0,7 days and
      co-ordinate with the neutral salt soluble collagen. Also in lathyritic rats with
      their increased amount of neutral salt soluble collagen due to an increase
      collagen synthesis and a retarded transition from soluble to insoluble collagen
      these two parameters of collagen metabolisms are in agreement.

PMID- 955891
TI  - [Proceedings: Differential diagnosis and clinical picture of reticuloses and
      reticular reactions].

PMID- 955892
TI  - [Letter: Genetic counseling in psoriasis vulgaris].

PMID- 955893
TI  - [Multiple subcutaneous Trichophyton rubrum abscesses. Pathomorphosis of a
      generalized superficial tinea due to impaired immunological resistance].
AB  - A patient with chronic polyarthritis is reported who was treated with
      corticosteroids over several years and also received azathioprine. The patient
      developed extensive tinea pedum and corporis which was suddenly complicated by
      multiple subcutaneous abscesses caused by the same organism, Trichophyton rubrum.
      This type of dermatophytosis has only rarely been described. It shares some
      characteristics with the maladie dermatophytique of Hadida and Schousboe. Chronic
      granulomatous dermatophytoses such as granuloma trichophyticum Majocchi or tinea
      granulomatosa nodularis cruris or acute suppurative dermatophytoses of the kerion
      Celsi type present different clinical and histological pictures and develop under
      different pathogenetic conditions.

PMID- 955894
TI  - [The nodular necrotizing dermatitis].
AB  - Preferring to the antecedent sparse literature an observation of "dermatitis
      nodularis necrotica" is described in a 15 year old girl with constipation showing
      the typical coarse-nodular necrotizing exanthema especially on the extremities.
      Histologically there was a perivasculitis with prevailing excessive cellular
      infiltrates (reticulum cells, granulocytes). Immunological tests
      (immunoelectrophoresis, fluorescence-histology in skin and intestinal biopsy)
      were negative. On the other hand staphylococcus aureus (as detected in skin
      scratches and by intracutaneous tests) seemed to play an etiologic role. Thus
      "dermatitis nodularis necrotica", on clinical grounds somewhat similar to papulo
      necrotic tuberculids, seems to be a bacteride with secundary alterations of the
      skin vessels and not a variant of primary vasculitis.

PMID- 955895
TI  - [Pigmented cysts. Pigmented epidermal cysts and pigmented trichilemmal cyst].
AB  - The clinical and histopathological picture of the pigmented epidermal cyst and
      the pigmented trichilemmcyst is illustrated by three case-reports. The pigment is
      melanin, which is located in the epithelium of the cyst-wall, the corneocytes of
      the lumen and in macrophages in the dermis. The clinical appearance of melanin
      pigmented cysts is blue due to the Tyndall-phenomenon.

PMID- 955896
TI  - [Peticulate acropigmentation, a world-wide disease].
AB  - Acropigmentatio reticularis is a peculiar reticulate pigmentation, which consists
      of small, angular, somewhat depressed, brown macules of uniform color and
      involves mainly the extenser surfaces of the distal parts of extremities. It
      occurs sometimes familial and is regarded as an autosomal dominant disease.
      Acropigmentatio reticularis was published in 1953 by us. Since then, no other
      reports of Japan appeared until Griffiths recently found the familial occurrence
      of a reticulate acropigmentation in South Iran and England. It was then confirmed
      that this acropigmentation is identical with acropigmentatio reticularis and
      accordingly proves the appearance of the latter outside of Japan.

PMID- 955897
TI  - [Decree for safeguard regulation for x-ray of March 1, 1973, and its application
      in dermatology].

PMID- 955898
TI  - [Clinical picture of pretibial myxedema and new aspects of diagnosis and
      pathogenesis].
AB  - We have reported on two cases of pretibial myxedema. In one patient, the
      pretibial myxedema developed symmetrically half a year after the appearance of
      endocrine exophthalmos. Recently, acropachy developed as well. In the second
      case, the pretibial myxedema arose unilaterally in an old cicatricial area, six
      years after the onset of endocrine exophthalmos. In this syndrome, the
      development of the whole group of symptoms, dermopathy, ophthalmopathy, and
      osteopathy at the same time is very rare. The clinical picture is seen in thyroid
      disorders, as a rule occuring in hyperthyroidism, rarely in hypothyroid or
      euthyroid states. Apparently, the development of the symptoms does not depend on
      thyroid hormone production. One of our patients showed conspicuous
      hyperthyroidism, the other, thyroxin deficiency. The thyreohypophyseal feedback
      mechanism in this syndrome was examined for the first time by means of TRH
      stimulation tests. In both patients, thyroid auto-antibodies indicative of
      autoimmune thyroiditis were demonstrated. A high activity of long acting thyroid
      stimulator was measured in the one patient's serum.

PMID- 955899
TI  - Lung cancer in uranium miners and long-term exposure to radon daughter products.

PMID- 955900
TI  - Measurement of W-values for alpha particles in tissue equivalent gases.

PMID- 955901
TI  - 137Cesium cycling in a Utah dairy farm.

PMID- 955902
TI  - Sequential radiochemical analysis for ruthenium, strontium and cesium in
      environmental air.

PMID- 955903
TI  - Prediction of increased gamma fields after application of a radon barrier on
      concrete surfaces.

PMID- 955904
TI  - Precision of radiation monitoring measurements.

PMID- 955905
TI  - Estimate of natural internal radiation dose to man.

PMID- 955906
TI  - Thermal neutron and gamma ray mixed field dosimetry with Li2B4O7:Mn.

PMID- 955907
TI  - A comparison of 239-plutonium in soft tissues and skeleton of mice, rats and
      hamsters.

PMID- 955908
TI  - The effect of gamma radiation on impregnated and non-impregnated polymeric
      resins.

PMID- 955909
TI  - Estimating permissible 129I-emission rates (received 22 September 1975; accepted
      11 November 1975) (1) 129I-emission from fuel reprocessing plants.

PMID- 955910
TI  - A method for the disposal of liquid scintillation vials.

PMID- 955911
TI  - Assessment of health physics manpower needs.

PMID- 955912
TI  - Long-term retention of americium-241 following accidental inhalation.

PMID- 955913
TI  - An approach to investigations of the behaviour of iodine-129 in the atmosphere
      soil-plant system.

PMID- 955914
TI  - Leakage radiation from a diagnostic tube housing when operated at less than the
      maximum rated kilovoltage.

PMID- 955915
TI  - Are mouse fetuses which survive microwave radiation permanently affected thereby?

PMID- 955916
TI  - Analysis of the thermoluminescence response of LiF powder to thermal neutron and
      gamma ray exposures.

PMID- 955917
TI  - Influence of chromium on the thermoluminescence and phosphorescence of ruby.

PMID- 955918
TI  - Interpretation of biological-rate coefficients derived from radionuclide content,
      radionuclide concentration and specific activity experiments.

PMID- 955919
TI  - Genetically significant dose from use of radiopharmaceuticals in Kuwait.

PMID- 955921
TI  - Additional fail-safe interlock recommended for Gammacell 220 irradiators.

PMID- 955920
TI  - Neutron shielding of cylotron targets.

PMID- 955922
TI  - Styrofoam cages for rats used in microwave research: coating with quinine.

PMID- 955923
TI  - High-resolution NIAR of fissile elements in bone.

PMID- 955924
TI  - Gamma-ray emitters in concrete.

PMID- 955925
TI  - A study of the particulate and gaseous emissions of tritium from neutron
      generator targets.

PMID- 955927
TI  - Letter: Alternatives to the linear risk hypothesis.

PMID- 955926
TI  - Natural radiation dose in Akiyoshi Cavern and on Karst Plateau.

PMID- 955928
TI  - [The surgeon in the focus of politics of envy].

PMID- 955929
TI  - [The liberty of the physician in government service. On rights and duties and
      trust and faith in a state governed by law].

PMID- 955930
TI  - [The socioeconomic dimension in surgery 1976].

PMID- 955931
TI  - [Health politics and surgery from a county health directors point of view].

PMID- 955932
TI  - [The ethics of the surgeon, a basic medical problem].

PMID- 955933
TI  - Zinc therapy in acrodermatitis enteropathica.
AB  - An infant is described with acrodermatitis enteropathica, who initially presented
      with severe and intractable watery diarrhea. Diagnosis was established at the age
      of eleven weeks. Serum-zinc concentrations were extremely low and urinary zinc
      excretion was diminished. Eleven days after oral zinc supplement (100 mg
      elemental zinc per day), the skin lesions had healed. The high therapeutic doses
      of zinc required for healing are suggestive that zinc malabsorption is an
      important pathogenetical factor of this disease.

PMID- 955934
TI  - Treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica with zinc sulphate. Rerport of 3 cases.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of orally administered zinc in 3 patients affected with
      Acrodermatitis enteropathica is reported. Single daily doses of zinc resulted in
      rapid improvement of the general condition of these patients and in clinical
      remission within a week. Serum, urine and hair zinc levels as well as alkaline
      phosphatase, which were very low before treatment, returned to normal after
      therapy. This brief report confirms the efficacy of oral zinc in the treatment of
      Acrodermatitis enteropathica.

PMID- 955935
TI  - [Blood pressure in adolescence. Measurements and their relation to body
      development in 745 healthy school children in Basel].
AB  - The average blood pressure measured in a representative sample of 8th grade
      juveniles (14-16 years) was 120/70 mm Hg. Mean systolic pressure was 5 mm Hg
      higher in boys. The 90th percentile was 135/80 mm Hg for both sexes. Systolic and
      diastolic pressure rose with increasing body weight. Correlation with height was
      less obvious. Difference in weight could not account for all the sex difference
      in blood pressure. Association of sexual maturation with higher blood pressure
      values was more pronounced in boys.

PMID- 955936
TI  - [Peak expiratory flow rate among Swiss boys and girls between 4 to 19 1/2 years
      of age domiciled in the Canton of Geneva in 1972].
AB  - Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured by means of a Wright peak flow
      meter on a sample of 2865 boys and 2712 girls selected at random in the Canton of
      Geneva, Switzerland (resident population of Swiss children and adolescents aged 4
      19 1/2 in 1972). Technique of measurements and statistical analysis are described
      with an aim at standardization. Expected percentiles of PEFR (50, 25, 10 and 2.5)
      versus standing height are presented in tabular form for boys and girls
      separately. Nomograms are given allowing graphical determination of expected PEFR
      percentiles in either sex for any given standing height.

PMID- 955937
TI  - [Reflections on the anorectal pressure profile].
AB  - The results of electromanometric studies of the anorectum in 40 children are
      presented. Owing to a constant flow of rinsing water through the recording tube
      and owing to a repeated tracing during the same session, there is a more
      sensitive picture of the anorectal pressure profile than reported hitherto. In
      addition, the anorectal pressure values are higher. In healthy infants and in
      most children with constipation and/or encopresis, the anorectal pressure profile
      can be divided in 2 different parts. These can be differentiated by their
      amplitude and according to their shape. In a few patients with constipation,
      there is no difference between the two parts concerning the shape of the
      anorectal pressure profile, and the values of the anorectal pressures are below
      normal. But all children with anal sphincter incontinence have a distinctively
      abnormal anorectal pressure profile, there is not even a numerical difference
      between the two parts of the anorectal pressure profile, and the anorectal
      pressures are very low. The relationship between these two parts of the anorectal
      pressure profile and the muscles of the pelvic floor are discussed and the
      significance of the mentioned technique evaluated with regard to the diagnosis
      and treatment of the anorectal disturbances in childhood.

PMID- 955938
TI  - [Coagulation studies from capillary blood in newborn infants].
AB  - Coagulation studies from capillary blood, consisting of the determination of
      fibrinogen, factors II and V and proactivator-plasminogen, were done in 104
      newborns. In healthy newborns fibrinogen and factor V was found near the adult
      level, while factor II and proactivator-plasminogen showed a severe deficit. None
      of the coagulation factors was dependent of gestational age. Fibrinogen was
      significantly lower in the group of children with perinatal asphyxia. In ill
      newborns there was a significant correlation between fibrinogen and factor II and
      fibrinogen and factor V as was between factors II and V. No correlation could be
      demonstrated between proactivator-plasminogen and any of the other coagulation
      factors.

PMID- 955939
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency in Switzerland.
      Demonstration of a new variant (G-6-PD Aarau) with chronic nonsphaerocytic
      haemolytic anaemia.
AB  - A new variant of erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been found in
      a family of Swiss origin. It is associated with chronic nonsphaerocytic
      haemolytic anaemia. The enzyme from the erythrocytes of a young boy of this
      family was partially purified 110-fold and characterized. It revealed reduced
      catalytic activity, increased thermolability and two maxima of the pH activity
      curve at pH 7.0 and 8.5. The Km value for glucose-6-phosphate was reduced, that
      for NADP was normal. The enzyme showed an increased inhibitor constant for NADPH
      with respect to NADP. Electrophoretic mobility was normal (B+). 2-Desoxyglucose-6
      phosphate and galactose-6-phosphate were utilized at normal rates, whereas the
      analogue deamino-NADP gave an increased utilization rate. The mother of the
      propositus could be identified as heterozygous for this enzyme deficiency.
      Chronic haemolysis is possibly due to the increased thermolability of the variant
      enzyme.

PMID- 955940
TI  - [Intestinal mucosa in rats with iron deficiency anemia].
AB  - Eighteen albino rats at the age of 15 days were separated in 2 groups of 9 and
      fed cow's milk exclusively. The milk supplied to the control rats (group I) was
      supplemented with iron and copper. The months later, the rats were scarificed.
      The animals of group II were severely anaemic. In each rat, a histological
      examination of gastric (in group II, only in 2 rats) and jejunal mucosa as well
      as measurements of total thickness, villous height, epithelial cell height and
      mitotic index were made. Histology was normal in all the rats. Measurements gave
      similar results in both groups except for the epithelial cell height which was
      significantly higher in anaemic rats than in controls. The authors take issue
      with the methodology followed in previous studies concerning iron-deficient
      children and suggest that the causal relation between iron deficiency and
      structural changes of intestinal mucosa in children has not yet been proven.

PMID- 955941
TI  - Familial iminoglycinuria with normal intestinal absorption of glycine and imino
      acids in association with profound mental retardation, a possible "cerebral
      phenotype".
AB  - Spasticity and severe psychomotor retardation in a 2-year-old girl, apparently in
      expression of chronic progressive encephalopathy, was found in association with
      prolinuria, hydroxyprolinuria and hyperglycinuria. The pattern and levels of
      these amino acids in plasma proved to be normal, however, as was their intestinal
      absorption as well as their concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. The proband
      appears to be homozygous for iminoglycinuria with an apparent inborn defect of
      the renal tubular transport system specific to these amino acids. An isolated
      hyperglycinuria, however, was traced in several obligate heterozygotes in this
      family. The possibility of a more direct causative link between this anomaly and
      her clinical manifestations is discussed. Where instances of iminoglycinuria
      occur in association with cerebral pathology of this type, an analogous
      impairment of a correspondingly specific cerebral amino acid transport system is
      postulated.

PMID- 955942
TI  - [Happy-puppet syndrome].
AB  - Six cases of this syndrome previously reported in Great Britain and in Canada are
      reviewed in relation to a personal case, a 17-month-old boy. The syndrome's main
      features are microbrachycephaly and peculiar face, mental deficiency with
      euphoria and laughter, ataxia and epilepsy consisting in infantile spasms and
      grand-mal attacks. Though its precise nature and cause still remain unknown, the
      syndrome seems neither familial nor progressive.

PMID- 955943
TI  - [Editorial: Zinc, a trace element of clinical importance].

PMID- 955944
TI  - [The value of results of indirect blood pressure measurements].

PMID- 955945
TI  - [Urolithiasis and mineral metabolism].

PMID- 955946
TI  - [Hereditary progressive arthroophthalmopathy (Stickler syndrome)].

PMID- 955947
TI  - [New medico-metorological findings (cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases)].

PMID- 955948
TI  - [Chlorine-fluorine hydrocarbons as harmful agents for the stratosphere].

PMID- 955949
TI  - [Overdoses of vitamin D].

PMID- 955950
TI  - [Platelet aggregation inhibitors and anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 955951
TI  - [The vinylchloride liver, an occupational environmental disease].

PMID- 955952
TI  - [Reactive behavior of the vascular muscles in hypertension].

PMID- 955953
TI  - [Renin secreting kidney tumors].

PMID- 955954
TI  - [The function of the pineal body in man and animal under the effect of light and
      darkness].

PMID- 955955
TI  - [Scintigraphy of the adrenal cortex using 131iodine cholesterol].

PMID- 955956
TI  - [Gas and high pressure fluid chromatography: New study methods in
      psychopharmacotherapy and research].

PMID- 955957
TI  - [What medicine owes to sociology?].

PMID- 955958
TI  - [Ring chromosome 21].

PMID- 955959
TI  - [Atypical mycobacteris].

PMID- 955960
TI  - Hemisphere dominance of the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 955961
TI  - [Hyperuricemia].

PMID- 955962
TI  - [Secondary iatrogenic adrenal gland atrophy].

PMID- 955963
TI  - [Significance of antibodies against tissue and cellular antigens in the diagnosis
      of autoimmune diseases].

PMID- 955964
TI  - [Non-invasive diagnosis of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 955965
TI  - [Drug prophylaxis of thromboembolism in surgical medicine].

PMID- 955966
TI  - [Surgical treatment of varices].

PMID- 955967
TI  - [Barotrauma].

PMID- 955968
TI  - [Group dynamics as a delineation of group therapy].

PMID- 955969
TI  - Quantification and identification of particle movement in epidermis after thermal
      injury.
AB  - Skin samples from a rabbit hind limb were taken from controls and at 5 min, 2 and
      6 hr after a mild thermal injury (60 degrees C for 1 min). Large aggregates of
      intercellular particles, usually ribosomal in appearance, were seen in 6 hr
      samples and were accompanied by some peripheral aggregates of particles and by
      granule-coated vesicles. These structures were present in earlier samples to a
      lesser extent and were absent from control material. Quantitative assessment
      showed that intercellular particles apparently increased up to 6 hr whereas
      peripheral aggregation was maximum at 2 hr. Histochemical analysis confirmed that
      the particles contained ribonucleoprotein. Other larger particles were seen
      occasionally and contained carbohydrate. Lymph draining the site showed cellular
      changes, little change in enzyme activities, and no aggregates of particles.

PMID- 955970
TI  - Further studies on section thickness measurement.
AB  - A rapid, simple, accurate and reproducible technique for measuring section
      thickness using an instrument known as a surfometer is described. It has shown
      that microtome settings cannot be relied upon as a means of monitoring the
      thickness of sections of quenched or wax-embedded tissue. However, there appeared
      to be a linear relationship between microtome setting and the thickness of
      dewaxed sections. Microtome settings seem to provide an accurate indication of
      the thickness of araldite sections.

PMID- 955971
TI  - The laser in the Lowry technique for microdissection of freeze-dried tissue
      slices.
AB  - A new technique for tissue microdissection is described. This procedure, using an
      u.v.-laser micropreparation instrument, overcomes the extremely time-consuming
      manual preparation. The u.v.-laser micropreparation design allows fast, precise,
      reproducible and smear-contamination-free tissue microdissection. The preparation
      of the tissue sample can be programmed by tracing out the area to be sampled with
      a non-destructive 0.5 mW He-Ne-laser aiming-beam. The tract is stored in a small
      electronic unit, which then guides the motor-driven stepping stage on the
      microscope in the actual dissection run with the u.v.-laser. The laser power is
      adjustable in the range 4 to 40 kW and controlled by a photo diode displayed on
      an oscilloscope screen. In the tissue slice, prepared according to Lowry, an
      unlimited number of cells or tissue compartments can be dissected and afterwards
      weighed. The procedure described offers a broader use of the quantitative
      microhistochemical techniques of Lowry and of Neuhoff.

PMID- 955972
TI  - On the histochemistry of neuronal and glial TPPase.
AB  - Thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) activity in the neuronal Golgi apparatus and in
      glia cells was investigated using different tissue preparation techniques such as
      fresh frozen and fixed frozen sections, the effect of ATP as an activator and the
      fine structural localization of the enzyme activity in glia cell processes and
      the glio-vascular contact point was observed under the electron microscope.
      TPPase was demonstrated in the glia cell using only a fixed frozen tissue
      preparation, activated by ATP with the concentration as low as 0.1 mM. On  the
      contrary, enzyme activity was detected in the Golgi apparatus of the neuron
      regardless of tissue preparation, fresh or fixed frozen, or by the addition of
      ATP to the incubation medium. The identity of the glia cell type showing a
      positive reaction for TPPase is thought to be part astrocyte and part microglia.
      The fine structural observation of TPPase localization at the glia cell process
      ending, particularly at the glio-vascular and glio-fibral (medullated fiber)
      contact point suggests a functional role of this enzyme for transport of
      metabolites through glia cell processes to neurons and/or the blood capillary,
      and also may play a role in regulation of co-carboxylase.

PMID- 955973
TI  - Application of histochemistry to a living organ: polyglucose histochemically
      synthesized in the paraboloid of the chick accessory cone in vivo by
      phosphorylase and branching glycosyltransferase.
AB  - Histochemical application in a living animal was tested on the paraboloid of the
      accessory cone of the chick retina. After the anterior part of the eye had been
      cut with a Graefe's knife under ether anesthesia, the posterior part was filled
      with the medium for phosphorylase under exposure to light. The specimens were
      embedded for routine electron microscopy and the paraboloid of the accessory cone
      was observed by electron microscopy. Polyglucose particles were synthesized from
      glucose-l-phosphate in the paraboloid by the activities of phosphorylase and
      branching glycosyl transferase and found to be in the cytoplasmic matrices. These
      particles were larger in size and better stainable with lead citrate than those
      found in the paraboloid of the retina incubated in the medium in vitro by the
      conventional histochemical method. Overproduction of polyglucose particles was
      not found in the paraboloid of the retina incubated in the medium in vivo. These
      findings suggest that polyglucose particles synthesized in vivo have a close
      resemblance to native glycogen particles and that glycogen metabolism is
      regulated by the living cell. Glycolysis may not be related to the membranous
      structures. Therefore, application of enzyme histochemical techniques to the
      living organ can demonstrate more accurate morphological aspects of metabolism in
      the cell.

PMID- 955974
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of cholinesterase activity in the cornea of the rat
      and the effect of various denervations on the corneal nerves.
AB  - Cholinesterase (ChE) activities of the rat cornea were demonstrated
      histochemically by using both light and electron microscopes.
      Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reaction was localized in the axolemma of the nerves
      in the corneal stroma. The epithelial cell membranes and the intraepithelial
      nerve endings also showed AChE reaction. Non-specific cholinesterase (NsChE)
      activity was observed only in the endothelial cell membranes. Cervical
      sympathectomy, ciliary ganglionectomy and stereotactic coagulation of the
      ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve were performed in order to study the
      routes of the AChE-containing nerves to the cornea. The disappearance of AChE
      containing nerves was observed only after ophthalmic neurotomy. It is suggested
      that the AChE-containing nerves are distributed to the rat cornea exclusively via
      the ophthalamic nerve. They seem to be sensory nerves.

PMID- 955975
TI  - The localization of thiamine pyrophosphatase activity in the acinar cells of
      stimulated and non-stimulated sublingual glands of the rat.
AB  - The distribution of thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) activity in the acinar
      cells of the rat sublingual gland has been studied at various stages of the
      secretory cycle following stimulated secretion. The rats were stimulated to
      secrete by an intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol and pilocarpine. In non
      stimulated glands, TPPase activity is detected mainly in 3--4 cisternae at the
      inner concave side of the Golgi complex and in some adjacent condensing vacuoles
      as in other cells. In the acinar cells 1 to 2 h after stimulation, however,
      reaction product for the same enzyme activity is detected in the cisternae at the
      outer aspect, as well as the inner aspect, of the Golgi complex and even in the
      cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). About 4 h after stimulation, TPPase
      activity becomes concentrated in 3--4 cisternae at the inner concave side of the
      Golgi complex as in the acinar cells under non-stimulated conditions.
      Morphological observations of the acinar cells 1 to 2 h after the stimulation
      have indicated that the reorganization of the Golgi complex and ER is a major
      event which occurs at this stage. It is possible that this cellular event is
      related to the occurrence of TPPase activity in those sites which normally show
      negative reaction in non-stimulated state.

PMID- 955976
TI  - The cytochemical localization of cholinesterase activity in the developing chick
      heart.
AB  - The electronhistochemical localization of the cholinesterases of developing chick
      heart muscle cells has been studied with the aid of a substrate which
      incorporates an enzyme-susceptible thiolester group and a diazonium group into
      the same molecule. The embryonic chick heart exhibits cholinesterase activity
      from Hamilton-Hambruger stage 3 through to four days post hatching. Although
      enzyme activity is not demonstrated in every location at all stages studied, it
      has been observed on the nuclear envelope, golgi complex, rough and smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myofilaments. A change in the type of
      activity has been demonstrated, acetylcholinesterase is found during the first
      fourteen days of development but thereafter, non-specific cholinesterase is seen
      instead. As nerves have not been found in relation to the working myocardium,
      further support is given to the concept that an acetylcholine-cholinesterase
      system of myogenic origin is involved in spontaneous contraction. Consideration
      of the distribution of enzyme within the myocardial cell, raises the possibility
      that cholinesterase may be concerned in a regulatory mechanism of protein
      synthesis, a suggestion made previously in connection with liver cells.

PMID- 955977
TI  - On the vegetative network of guinea pig thoracic spinal cord.
AB  - A dense AChE-positive network was visualized by light microscopy in the thoracic
      spinal cord of grown-up guinea pigs of both sexes (bodyweight 250-300 g). This
      network connects in a horizontal and vertical direction the preganglionic
      sympathetic nuclei (n. intermediolateralis pars principalis (ILp), n.
      intermediolateralis pars funicularis (ILf), n intercalatus spinals (IC), n.
      intercalatus pars paraependymalis (ICpe), (Petras and Cummings, 1972) all along
      the thoracic spinal cord. In addition to AChE activity, the bundles of fibers of
      this network also show a strong formaldehyde-induced NA fluorescence. Electron
      microscopy demonstrated granular vesicles in the cytoplasm of ILp cells. The
      surface of the ILp and IC neurons is almost entirely covered with synaptic
      bottons which have clear and granulated synaptic vesicles. The bundles of fibers
      consists of parallel myelin-free axones and dendrites. On their cource the axones
      form varicosities. In the varicosities and in the synaptic enlargements there are
      also clear and granulated (40-100 nm) vesicles. The probable origin of the
      vegetative network fibers of guinea pig thoracic spinal cord is discussed.

PMID- 955978
TI  - Membrane alteration of trypsin-treated smooth muscle cells and penetration by
      antibodies to myosin.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells dispersed by low concentration of trypsin (0.125%) and grown
      in tissue culture will not bind antibodies against smooth muscle myosin added to
      the culture medium. These cells will attach, flatten and contract normally. When
      the trypsin concentration is raised to 0.25%, many of the attached cells will not
      flatten. Such round cells show uptake of the myosin antibody at the periphery and
      in the cytoplasm, using the indirect immunofluorescent technique. At a trypsin
      concentration of 1%, viable cells are no longer observed and all cells show
      uptake of myosin antibody. It is concluded from these experiments that above a
      crucial trypsin concentration, the membrane becomes altered sufficiently to
      permit the penetration of antibodies into the cell interior.

PMID- 955979
TI  - The differentiation of proximal and distal tubules in the male rat kidney: the
      appearance of aldolase isozymes, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase during
      ontogeny.
AB  - 1. The specific activities of aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and aldolase
      isozymes were measured in homogenates of kidneys taken at different stages of
      ontogeny. The cellular localization of these enzymes was studied in cryostat
      tissue sections using substrate linked assays for aminopeptidase and alkaline
      phosphatase and the mixed aggregation immuno-cytochemical technique for aldolase
      isozymes; local enzyme concentrations were estimated photometrically. 2. The
      presence of both aldolase-A and aldolase-B was demonstrated in all
      metanephrogenic cells (and at still higher concentrations in collecting tubule
      cells) of the rat fetus 16 days after conception and in the undifferentiated
      cells of the neogenetic zone of kidney up to 8 days after birth; no
      aminopeptidase or alkaline phosphatase could be found in these cells. 3.
      Measurements made on stained tissue sections show that the shift towards aldolase
      B, seen in homogenate analyses, is due to a change in the relative amounts of
      proximal tubules. No evidence was seen for repression in the synthesis of
      aldolase-A or aldolase-B monomers in the different kidney cells during ontogeny.
      4. Two transitions in the mode of nephron differentiation were observed: one was
      shortly after birth, the other followed weaning. Before the first transition the
      concentrations of the enzymes increased to different degrees, such that the
      enzymes reached concentrations comparable with those as in the cells of adult
      rats by 2 to 4 days post partum. After the second transition proximal tubule size
      and specific activity of brush border membrane enzymes increased 3 fold. In
      contrast, the distal tubules did not increase significantly in size, but their
      aldolase-A concentration increased 3 fold. 5. Evidence based on enzyme
      quantification and morphometry in kidney sections is presented to demonstrate
      that the proximal tubule cells show functional adaptation by two independent
      mechanisms: specific amplification of gene expression and hypertrophy. In
      contrast, the distal tubule shows functional adaptation only by specific
      amplification of gene expression.

PMID- 955980
TI  - Reactivity in tissue tryptophyl units in histofluorescence methods using carbonyl
      compounds.
AB  - The contribution of tissue tryptophyl residues, with both amino and carboxyl
      groups linked to the peptide bonds, to visible fluorescence was studied following
      various histochemical methods. Tryptophan residues of chymotrypsinogen and
      trypsinogen exhibited visible fluorescence after (1) combined formaldehyde-HCl
      vapour, (2) combined formaldehyde and acetyl chloride vapour, and (3) glyoxylic
      acid vapour treatment.

PMID- 955981
TI  - Differentiation of epithelial cells in human jejunum: localization and
      quantification of aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and aldolase isozymes in
      tissue sections.
AB  - Sections from human jejunum were stained histochemically for aminopeptidase and
      alkaline phosphatase and the aldolase isozymes were detected with the mixed
      aggregation immuno-cytochemical technique. All enzyme concentrations increased
      from the bottom to the upper part of the crypt. The concentration of aldolase-A
      per cell was the same in the upper part of the crypt and the villus, whereas the
      concentration of the other three enzymes was still higher. Therefore, high
      amounts of aldolase-B, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase are present in
      cells highly active in absorption in a fashion similar to that found in the
      proximal tubule cells of kidney. The relatively undifferentiated cells of the
      crypts contained both aldolase-A and aldolase-B. Alkaline phosphatase gains its
      full activity later than aminopeptidase. The synthesis of microvillar membrane
      enzymes comes to an end earlier than that of the cytosol enzymes.

PMID- 955982
TI  - The presence of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in certain intestinal nerve
      cells.
AB  - The presence of aromatic 1-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in nerve cell bodies
      of the intrinsic plexuses of the guinea-pig small intestine was demonstrated by
      incubating segments of intestine with 1-dopa in the presence of an inhibitor of
      monoamine oxidase, pargyline. After such incubation, some nerve cell bodies gave
      a fluorescence histochemical reaction indicative of the presence of a
      decarboxylated product of 1-dopa, probably dopamine. No fluorescence reaction
      occurred in the unincubated control or if the inhibitor of AADC, RO 4-4602, was
      included in the incubation mixture. The AADC-containing cell bodies apparently do
      not take up and store dopamine, because no fluorescence could be detected after
      incubation with dopamine and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The AADC-containing
      cells were found in about half of the ganglia of the submucous plexus of the
      guinea-pig small intestine, but were considerably less frequent in the myenteric
      plexus. They were also found in the other areas examined in this study, that is,
      in both enteric plexuses of the guinea-pig distal colon and of the small
      intestines of rabbits and rats.

PMID- 955983
TI  - Lipids in the skin of a cat-fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
      (Heteropneustidae, Pisces). A histochemical investigation.
AB  - Localization and characterization of different lipids in the cellular
      constituents of the skin of Heteropneustes fossilis has been made using several
      histochemical techniques. High contents of cholesterol, its esters and
      phospholipids have been correlated with the metabolically active state of the
      basal cells undergoing cell proliferation and differentiation. The polygonal
      cells in the outermost layer of the epidermis, though rich in phospholipid
      contain small amounts of cholesterol and its esters. This has been correlated
      with the metabolically less active state of theses cells. Neutral lipids and
      phospholipids in the polygonal cells of the outermost layer may contribute to the
      contents of surface slime and act as an efficient barrier for the penetration of
      water through the skin. The deposits of neutral lipids in the subcutis may
      provide energy during the period of fasting, act as a barrier for water diffusion
      through the skin and serve as shock absorbing pads protecting the fish from
      mechanical injury.

PMID- 955984
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase distribution in chick spinal cord cultures. A light and
      electron microscope study.
AB  - Explants of 10--12 day chick embryo spinal cord were cultured by coverslip-roller
      tube method for 3-80 days. The cellular and subcellular localization of
      acetylcholinesterase activity in cultured neurons was studied by the thiocholine
      techniques of Karnovsky and Roots and Lewis and Shute. At the light microscopic
      level, acetylcholinesterase was demonstrated in the neurons of both ventral and
      dorsal horn regions. Occasionally neurons migrated in the outgrowth zone
      exhibited strong intracellular activity. At the electron microscopic level,
      acetylcholinesterase activity was found in the nuclear envelope, granular
      endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus of the neurons. No enzyme reaction
      was detected in the glial cell cytoplasm.

PMID- 955985
TI  - Ultrastructural identification of monoaminergic synaptosomes from one day old rat
      brain.
AB  - Synaptosomes from one day old and adult rat brain were studied. Specific
      cytochemical methods for demonstrating monoaminergic (MA) nerve endings were
      used. Permanganate fixation after preincubation with 5-OHDA or alpha-methyl-NA
      demonstrated MA synaptosomes. Their number was small in the adult (less than 1 %)
      and still smaller in the one day old rat brain. The MA synaptosomes from
      developing rats were different from the adult ones. The large amount of
      endoplasmic reticulum in developing synaptosomes suggests that granular vesicles
      are formed from endoplasmic reticulum in nerve endings.

PMID- 955986
TI  - [The significance of the CNS for the physiology of hearing (author's transl)].
AB  - Some general aspects of auditory perception (funnelling, contrast, pattern
      recognition, form perception, methodological limitations) are discussed in the
      first part of this presentation. The modern concept of the hydrodynamics of the
      inner ear, including electronic modelling of the function of the basilar membrane
      is their dealth with. For the encoding and decoding processes of the auditory
      system the different grades of intensity function at the different neuronal
      levels is compared with that of the envelope of the basilar membranes deflection.
      The influence of the efferent system is discussed. In a third section of the
      paper some new results from our department are reported concerning the single
      unit activity at geniculate level recorded from the awake cat by means of a
      telemetric system. Neurophysiological correlates to vowel- and consonant
      detectors and their relations to be the phonem recognition of speech could be
      demonstrated. Finally, the most recent state of objective audiometry is discussed
      (DC-potentials, simultaneous records of electrocochleogram and cortically evoked
      activity, relations to EEG's power spectrum, and brains changes in vigilance)
      with a view of future approaches to ERA.

PMID- 955987
TI  - [An oesophagotracheal Fistula following prolonged intubation (author's transl)].
AB  - Attention is drawn to the case of an oesophagotracheal fistula following
      prolonged intubation. A combination of physical factors, the use of unsuitable
      cuffs and a nasogastric feeding tube, are considered to be the cause. Surgical
      repair of the fistula is advised as soon as possible. While primary closure of
      the oesophageal defect is always possible, suture of the membraneous trachea may
      be impossible and a graft may be necessary to cover the defect. For this is
      recommended oral mucosa, which achieved very good result in this reported case.

PMID- 955988
TI  - [I V. Vocal disturbances in neuro-psychiatric illnesses and in laryngeal
      paralyses (author's transl)].
AB  - In the fourth part of a series on applied phoniatrics, a review of vocal
      disorders as symptoms of neurological and psychiatric diseases is given. Clinical
      characteristics, diagnosis, as well as laryngologic and phoniatric aspects of
      therapy of vocal cord paralysis are also described.

PMID- 955989
TI  - [Prefabricated complex wire replacement of middle ear ossicles (author's
      transl)].
AB  - This article comments on two prefabricated and linked complexes of wire that were
      used to replace the malleus and incus, and the malleus, incus and stapes.

PMID- 955990
TI  - [Narcosis as anesthesia in middle ear surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - Four essential points exist in the use of narcosis for surgery of the middle ear:
      1. In addition to local anesthesia, any method of narcosis for anesthesia with
      endotracheal intubation is suitable for surgery. 2. Surgical procedures utilizing
      the operating microscope make immobility of the patient mandatory. 3.
      Establishment of a relatively bloodless surgical field by special techniques
      (such as use of local vasoconstrictors or controlled hypotension with ganglionic
      blocking agents or halothane) can be employed. 4. Altered middle ear pressure by
      nitrous oxide (causing a rise in pressure by 3-4 cm H20) can impede operative
      procedures.

PMID- 955991
TI  - [Pathology and pathogenesis of chronic secretory otitis media in childhood
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The pathology and pathogenesis of chronic secretory otitis media is described on
      the bais of quantitative studies of the mucosa, using whole mounts as well as
      serial sections of normal and biopsy specimens. The pathogenetic is divided into
      three stages. The initial stage, i.e. the period from the action of the
      aetiological factor on the middle ear mucosa till the accumulation of mucous
      secretion, is characterized by inflammatory processes by way of vascular
      proliferation and dilatation and lymphocytic infiltration. These processes
      trigger hyperplasia and differentiation of the epithelial cells with subsequent
      metaplasia of the epithelium into pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
      with significantly increased goblet cell density and formation of mucous glands.
      The secretion is predominantly exudative with an admixture of mucus. The
      secretory stage is dominated by secretion of mucus from active mucous glands and
      goblet cells, the number of which has been grossly raised. The secretion
      accumulating in the middle ear is chiefly mucous. During the degenerative stage
      mucus production abates, and the middle ear returns to normal provided that
      irreversible adhesive changes have not occurred. The decline in mucus production
      is due to degeneration and inactivation of the glands combined with decreasing
      goblet cell density. The epithelium normalizes into cubical epithelium in one or
      two layers, or through metaplasia changes into secretorily inactive stratified
      squamous epithelium. The aetiological role of the auditory tube and the
      importance of tubal function is discussed. The relationship between the ability
      of the mucosa to produce mucus and the capability of the tube to carry it away is
      found to be decisive for the clinical course and the severity of the disease.

PMID- 955992
TI  - [Secondary radiogenic cancer of the larynx (author's transl)].
AB  - Based on a series of 32 cases of late recurrence of early stage vocal cord
      cancer, the question of the pathogenesis of these lesions is discussed. Late
      recurrence, 5 to 18 years after treatment of the first tumour was observed in 3
      cases after a laryngofissure procedure only and in 29 cases after laryngofissure
      combined with postoperative irradiation or after pure irradiation therapy. The
      clinical and statistical data and the histological picture of the second tumour
      show with a high degree of certainty that these second tumours are caused by the
      cancerogenic side-effect of the primary irradation, which destroyed the primary
      tumour. The danger that a patient, cured from his first cancer by irradiation,
      develops a second radiogenic cancer rises from year to year that the patient
      survives and certainly is much higher than had been suspected. Irradiation of a
      vocal cord cancer in a young patient with a relatively high life expectancy
      should no longer by used. Irradiated patients must be reviewed until the end of
      their lifes.

PMID- 955993
TI  - [Reconstruction of the larynx following laryngectomy (author's transl)].
AB  - A pedicled flap of chest skin is sutured to a tube and interposed between
      tracheostome and hypopharynx, similar to Asai's method of laryngeal
      reconstruction. The technique is described, and the dangers and disadvantages are
      mentioned.

PMID- 955994
TI  - [Applied phoniatry. V. Laryngeal diagnosis and rehabilitation after laryngeal
      surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - In the last of 5 articles on the benefits of applied phoniatrics hints are given
      on the differentiation between laryngeal inflammations and tumours. Voice
      rehabiliation after laryngeal surgery (laryngofissure, partial laryngectomy,
      total laryngetomy) is demonstrated. Disorders of voice caused by intubation are
      also described.

PMID- 955995
TI  - [Crisis situation in the American malpractice insurance. "Malpractice suits"
      require ever larger sums (author's transl)].

PMID- 955996
TI  - [Intensive care in ENT medicine, head and neck surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - In intensive medicine we distinguish between intensive care units which have
      mostly observatory and monitoring functions and intensive therapy units. For the
      surgical patients of the ear, nose, and throat department the intensive care
      units are probably of greater significance. The following play an important role:
      Preoperative work-up including laboratory fluoroscopy and x-rays, pulmonary
      function tests and blood gas analysis; induction of anesthesia, access to good
      veins, gastric intubation, urinary bladder catheterization; maintenance of
      anesthesia and postoperative observation, fluid balance, oral and parenteral
      feeding, tracheostomy care, bronchial toilet; inhalation therapy. The last
      receives an extensive discussion.

PMID- 955997
TI  - [Round window membrane pathology in sudden deafness (author's transl)].
AB  - Exploration of the middle ear was performed on 15 patients with sudden deafness
      that had failed to improve after intravenous infusion of Eupaverin and
      Rheomacrodex. Three patients had abnormalities of the round window membrane, in 2
      there was a perilymphatic fistula and in 1 an abnormal bulging of the membrane
      with no transmission of perilymphatic fluid movement. These 3 patients presented
      with a history of exertion or stress prior to the onset of symptoms. Surgical
      closure ofthe 2 fistulae led to improvement of hearing, and perilymphatic
      decompression in the third patient improved the tinnitus but not the deafness.
      The possible causes of round window pathology are discussed.

PMID- 955998
TI  - [Epidural haematoma (Hygroma) with a mastoid extension (author's transl)].
AB  - A traumatic epidural haematoma, which extended both infra- and supra-tentorially
      is reported. It also extended into the mastoid antrum and air cell system and was
      diagnosed by surgical exploration. The radiological findings and treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 955999
TI  - [Experiences with polyethylene ventilation tubes in children with recurrent
      middle ear inflammation (author's transl)].
AB  - Middle-ear ventilation tubes (of the Sheehy modification) were placed in 401 ears
      of 209 children under 16 years of age as treatment for recurrent middle-ear
      infection. The same procedure was later required in 26% of the cases studied
      because of further recurrence of middle-ear infection. In four per cent of all
      patients studied, the ventilating tube failed to cure middle ear disease in spite
      of controlled concomitant antibacterial therapy. In these cases, an early
      extrusion of the tube was commonly found. Among all patients, the tube was
      spontaneously extruded in 76 per cent of the ears, whereas the intubation time
      was longer than half a year in 53 per cent of the cases. No complications from
      insertion of the ventilation tubes was seen in the present series of patients.
      The tympanic membrane was found to be normal in 71 per cent of all cases when
      follow-up examination was obtained three months after completion in intubation.
      However, a permanent tympanic membrane perforation was found in five ears (1% of
      patients). The present study has confirmed the usefulness of middle-ear
      ventilation tubes, particularly in patients with recurrent middle-ear infections.

PMID- 956000
TI  - [A new pneumatic nasal tamponade (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to control severe bleeding in the nose and nasopharynx, a pneumatic
      nasal tamponade has been devised. The tube is available in three sizes, and can
      be easily introduced into the nasal cavity to sufficiently block bleeding areas.

PMID- 956001
TI  - [Oral mucosal grafts in laryngeal reconstruction (author's transl)].
AB  - In many laryngofissure procedures large mucosal resections are necessary. Free
      grafts of oral mucosa have been used in over 50 patients over the past 3 years
      for glottic reconstruction, and these experiences are reported in detail. Its use
      in the management of papillomata of the adult larynx is stressed.

PMID- 956002
TI  - Evaluation of the effects of presentation rate and speaking rate on children's
      auditory perception of two levels of linguistic material.
AB  - Twenty-four first- and second-order sentential approximations of four words each
      were presented auditorily to two groups of eight normal children. Eight first-
      and eight second-order approximations were spoken at three rates: 90 (slow); 140
      (normal); and 175 (fast) words/min. The 48 approximations were randomized and
      rates altered as necessary so that one group heard the material at a slow rate
      (90 words/min) of presentation and the other group at a normal rate (140
      words/min) of presentation. The results indicated that although presentation rate
      did not significantly effect auditory perception, speaking rate did. It was
      concluded that a slow speaking rate can be expected to enhance the perception of
      low-level linguistic material regardless of the presentation rate, whereas a
      normal speaking rate would be best for higher level linguistic material.

PMID- 956003
TI  - Development of absolute auditory thresholds in the house mouse (Mus musculus).
AB  - The development of hearing in the house mouse (Mus musculus) was behaviorally
      tested from the first postnatally measurable thresholds to those of young adults.
      An unconditioned stop reaction on tones was used in 9- to 11-day-old mice, then
      an unconditioned pinna reflex that can be elicited at low intensities and is not
      equal to the Preyer reflex. In addition, thresholds from 17- to 19-day-old and
      adult mice were obtained by a conditioned eyelid reflex. Frequencies between 1
      and 80 kHz were tested. First reactions on tones were found at day 10 after birth
      in the frequency range of greatest sensitivity in the adults (10-20 kHz). The
      sensitivity optimum at 15 kHz becomes evident at day 14. Up to day 15 a
      sensitivity increase is noticeable for frequencies below the optimum, whereas
      high frequency sensitivity increases up to day 18. A second maximum of
      sensitivity at 50 kHz is measurable in 2- to 3-month-old mice, the threshold
      curve of which is defined as the standard for Mus musculus. The present
      behavioral data can well be correlated with existing electrophysiological results
      in mice and rats.

PMID- 956004
TI  - Idiosyncratic cardiovascular response of human neonates to acoustic stimuli.
AB  - The heart rate response of acoustic stimuli was assssed for 15 newborns between
      the ages of 24 and 48 hr. Results of the analyses of covariance demonstrated that
      although the subjects responded to the stimuli, their responses were
      idiosyncratic in magnitude, direction, and pattern of rate change. Although
      spectrum and duration of the stimuli were varied, they were found not to be
      significant sources of response variation.

PMID- 956005
TI  - Pure tone delayed auditory feedback: development of criteria of performance
      deterioration.
AB  - Delayed auditory feedback audiometry, employing pure tones and a keytapping task,
      was administered at sensation levels from -10 to +50 dB to a sample of the
      general adult population. Absolute and relative time error as well as pattern
      error criteria were established on the basis of the -10-dB performances. Ninety
      percent of the subjects demonstrated tapping errors at sensation levels within 10
      dB of auditory threshold.

PMID- 956006
TI  - Admittance values associated with the acoustic reflex and reflex decay.
AB  - Acoustic stapedial reflexes were elicited from 10 normal S's in each of three age
      groups. Susceptance and conductance values were measured for each subject in both
      the unreflexed and reflexed states and at 10-sec intervals during a continuous,
      reflex-sustaining stimulation with pure tones. Percentage of reflex decay over
      time was noted for each group and as a function of stimulus frequency and
      measurement mode. No significant age group differences were noted. Significant
      stimulus frequency and measurement mode differences were presented to represent
      "normal" reflex decay.

PMID- 956007
TI  - Lack of reliability of the SISI procedure for determining inner ear threshold.
AB  - Ten normally hearing subjects were tested using the conductive short increment
      sensitivity index procedure to evaluate the 60-dB constant as used in the test
      described by Byers (1974). Also investigated were the effects of frequency and
      order of presentation on the short increment sensitivity index at high sensation
      levels. Test frequencies included 1, 2, 4, and 6 kHz in random order. Means of
      all frequencies exceeded the 60-dB constant implemented by Byers (1974).
      Intersubject variability was large. Frequency and order of presentation were not
      statistically significant factors. It was recommended that the conductive short
      increment sensitivity index be used with caution.

PMID- 956008
TI  - An artifact in acoustic reflex measurement: some further observations.
AB  - This study was designed to clarify characteristics of an artifact that has been
      reported to be a potential source of misleading information when determing
      acoustic reflex thresholds elicited by low-frequency tones. The study was
      conducted in two parts. Experiment 1 was concerned with an investigation of
      acoustic interactions in a sealed cavity between the probe tone from a commercial
      electroacoustic impedance bridge and interfering tones of various frequencies.
      Experiment 2 consisted of measurements of sound pressure levels in the sealed
      external ear canal of the probe ear when the contralateral ear was stimulated by
      air-conducted pure tones. The results indicated that acoustic reflex thresholds
      in 250-Hz tones probably cannot be determined for most persons unless special
      measures are taken to prevent the artifact. The artifact should not occur when
      the eliciting stimulus is 500 Hz, however.

PMID- 956009
TI  - Middle ear muscle activity during speech in stapedectomized and laryngectomized
      subjects.
AB  - Middle ear muscle responses associated with speech production were observed in
      normal-hearing, stapedectomized, and laryngectomized subjects. Impedance changes
      associated with speech production were monitored by an electroacoustic impedance
      bridge simultaneously with vocal output. Results from stapedectomized subjects
      indicate that the tensor tympani muscle contracts prior to vocalization and is
      part of the neurological pattern of speech production. Data collected from
      laryngectomized subjects suggest that the presence of sensory fibers from the
      larynx is not a prerequisite for middle ear muscle activity during speech
      production.

PMID- 956010
TI  - Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6: normative and comparative
      intelligibility functions.
AB  - A commercially available recording of Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6
      (N.U. No. 6) produced by Auditec of St. Louis was evaluated in a series of four
      studies. Interlist equivalence of this version was initially investigated, and
      then normative intelligibility functions were developed using listerners with
      normal hearing. Intelligibility functions for the original version of N.U. No. 6.
      prepared by Northwestern University, were then derived, concurrently with
      functions of the Auditec version, using (1) a group of listeners with normal
      hearing; and (2) a group with sensorineural hearing loss. The results
      demonstrated good interlist equivalence for the Auditec version of N.U. No. 6.
      The comparative intelligibility functions for the Auditec and Northwestern
      versions of N.U. No 6 furthermore indicated a difference between the two
      recordings, but it was concluded that for clinical purposes the two versions may
      be considered equivalent.

PMID- 956011
TI  - Effects of signal processing on intelligibility of speech in noise for persons
      with sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - A person with sensorineural hearing loss accompanied by recruitment has
      difficulty in understanding amplified speech, especially when speech is in the
      presence o competition. Two groups of subjects with sensorineural hearing loss
      with recruitment were tested at +6 and at O dB signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at
      preferred levels for unprocessed speech and for speech processed through a two
      band compression/equalization of circuit. In addition, unprocessed key word
      identification scores were compared to those from use of a hearing aid and of a
      one-band compression/equalization circuit. Processing a two-band
      compression/equalization circuit improved key word identification scores
      dramatically for both groups of subjects. The range of improvement for both
      groups was from 6 to 74%, mean 37.4%, for the S/N ratio of O dB. Subjects who
      achieved higher scores had high scores for unprocessed tests and had less
      recruitment present throughout the frequency range. Scores from one-band
      compression/equalization were compared to those from unprocessed scores; there
      were no significant differences in key word identification. Design
      characteristics and an excellent rationale for using two-band
      compression/equalization are generated by the data of this study.

PMID- 956012
TI  - The crab louse-review of physiology and study of anatomy as seen by the scanning
      electron microscope.
AB  - Effective control of a parasitic infestation is aided by a thorough understanding
      of the parasite and it interaction with the host. The external anatomy of
      Phthirus pubis and its egg were studied by scanning electron microscopy and the
      structures visualized were reviewed to determine their function. The
      pathophysiology of the insect-host interaction and current treatment
      recommendations were also reviewed.

PMID- 956013
TI  - Minocycline in the treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum.
AB  - In a study of 80 cases of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), minocycline
      hydrochloride (Minocin) was found to be an effective drug in the treatment of all
      stages of LGV, including complicated ones. In late cases adjuvant treatment was
      used in addition to the antibiotic. Healing time in uncomplicated cases was less
      than 10 days. In complicated cases, both early and late, healing took about 2 to
      3 weeks. Reactions to the drug were not significant.

PMID- 956014
TI  - Levamisole resinate as a Dirofilaria immitis microfilaricide in dogs.
AB  - Dogs infected naturally or experimentally with Dirofilaria immitis were given
      levamisole resinate at the rate of 5.5 or 11 mg/kg of body weight/day for 10
      days. All dogs had been treated with thiacetarsamide sodium approximately 6 weeks
      earlier. When given at the dosage of 5.5 mg/kg for 10 days, levamisole resinate
      was not effective as a microfilaricide in either naturally or experimentally
      infected dogs. Microfilaria counts were reduced in all dogs at this dosage, but
      never to zero. In all cases where the higher dosage (11 mg/kg) was used,
      microfilaria counts were reduced to zero within 10 days. Signs of toxicosis were
      noticed in only 2 experimentally infected dogs, both of which were found to be
      harboring live adult male D immitis at necropsy.

PMID- 956015
TI  - Surgical correction of ectopic ureter in the dog.

PMID- 956016
TI  - Adenocarcinoma in the duodenum and vertebrae in a dog.

PMID- 956017
TI  - Nephrocalcinosis in a dog.

PMID- 956018
TI  - Basal cell tumors in dogs.
AB  - In a review of neoplasm registry records at Kansas State University (1961 through
      1971), 140 basal cell tumors were reported in 32 breeds of dogs, representing
      4.3% of 3,230 neoplasms recorded. Mean age of the affected dogs was 6.4 years.
      The tumors were removed surgically for biopsy in all dogs, 10 of which then had
      recurrences without metastasis, and required further surgery. The head, neck, and
      shoulder were a principal site (61%) of basal cell tumors in the dog.

PMID- 956019
TI  - Sebaceous gland carcinoma in dogs.

PMID- 956020
TI  - Phenazopyridine toxicosis in the cat.
AB  - Severe illness developed after the oral administration of several drugs,
      including large doses of phenazopyridine (100 mg TID for 4 days) to a cat with
      dysuria and hematuria. Hemolysis and icterus were evident in blood serum and
      plasma after day 4 of drug administration, and many hemolyzed red blood cell
      "ghosts" containing Heinz bodies were observed on a stained blood smear. The cat
      became anemic and died within 48 hours after the last dose was administered. In
      an attempt to confirm a cause-and-effect relationship between drug administration
      and disease, 100 mg of phenazopyridine was given TID (65 mg/kg/day) for 3 days to
      a clinically normal cat. Nearly 50% of the hemoglobin was oxidized to
      methemoglobin during the course of phenazopyridine administration. Lower dosages
      of phenazopyridine (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) for longer periods of administration to
      2 other clinically normal cats did not result in illness or anemia; however, the
      number and size of Heinz bodies and blood methemoglobin content were increased.
      Evidence of hepatic injury was observed in the clinically affected cat and in 2
      of the experimental cats. The relationship between hepatic injury and toxic signs
      was not determined. Combination products recommeneded for treatment of cystitis
      in man often contain phenazopyridine. Such products should be avoided in cats
      unless a safe, effective dosage for phenazopyridine can be established.

PMID- 956021
TI  - Cheyletiella infestation in cats.
AB  - While routinely examining a fecal specimen of a cat for evidence of intestinal
      parasitism, large eggs (230 by 110 mu) were observed. tfurther examination of the
      fecal specimen revealed an adult Cheyletiella sp. mite. Of 42 cats received from
      the same source, 11 had Cheyletiella mites, found either on the skin or in fecal
      specimens. Grossly visible skin changes were not observed in any of the cats. The
      conically shaped sensory organ on genu I of the mite resembled that of
      Cheyletiella blakei.

PMID- 956022
TI  - Lissencephaly in two Lhasa Apso dogs.
AB  - Lissencephaly, a congenital absence of cerebrocortical convolutions, was
      discovered in 2 Lhasa Apso dogs by clinical and pathologic evaluation. Neurologic
      abnormalities, which became evident within the 1st year of life, included
      behavioral, visual, and convulsive disorders. The neurologic abnormalities were
      mild or delayed in onset after birth, indicating the dog is less dependent on the
      cerebral cortex for sensorimotor function than is man.

PMID- 956023
TI  - Evaluation of lower motor neuron function in two dogs with megaesophagus.

PMID- 956024
TI  - Naturally occurring Tyzzer's disease as a complication of distemper and mycotic
      pneumonia in a dog.
AB  - Tyzzer's disease, distemper, and mycotic pneumonia were diagnosed at necropsy of
      a 6-week-old mixed breed pup. The illness was characterized by lethargy, poor
      appetite, dysentery, and convulsions, the latter developing just prior to death.
      The necropsy findings included pale, dilated large intestine and swollen, dark
      liver. Histologically, multifocal hepatic necrosis, similar to that of Tyzzer's
      disease in other species of animals, was observed. Bacillus piliformis was found
      in hepatocytes and necrotic areas of the liver.

PMID- 956025
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta in a dog.

PMID- 956026
TI  - Reflections on the principles of professional ethics.

PMID- 956027
TI  - Diseases of yearling feedlot cattle in Colorado.
AB  - During all of 1974 we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling
      feedlot cattle. The morbidity was 5.1%, with a case mortality of 18.9% and a
      population mortality of 1.0%. Both morbidity and mortality were higher during
      fall and winter than during spring and summer. Of the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988
      were necropsied. The most prevalent diseases were: pneumonia, 48%; diphtheria,
      6%; brisket disease, 6%; hemorrhagic colitis, 5%; riding injury, 4%; bloat, 3%;
      calculosis, 2%; endocarditis, 2%; abomasal ulcers, 2%; bovine viral diarrhea, 2%;
      embolic pulmonary aneurysm, 1%; and pulmonary edema, 1%.

PMID- 956028
TI  - Atypical interstitial pneumonia in yearling feedlot cattle.
AB  - During each week of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, a constantly
      changing population of yearling feedlot cattle that, for the year, totaled
      407,000 animals. From 3,943 fatalities, 1,988 necropsies were made; of this
      number, 106 (5.3%) had atypical interstitial pneumonia. The death rate was higher
      during summer and fall than during the other seasons and was evenly distributed
      throughout each of the 4 stages of fattening. Gross pulmonary lesions involved
      both lungs and were prominent throughout the caudal (diaphragmatic) lobes.
      Epithelialization, hemorrhage, fibrin, hyaline membranes, emphysema,
      bronchiolitis, and interstitial edema were common, whereas chromatin strands,
      bronchiolar edema, interstitial emphysema, and obliterating bronchiolitis were
      less common histopathologic features.

PMID- 956029
TI  - Brisket disease in yearling feedlot cattle.
AB  - During all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling
      feedlot cattle maintained at 1,600 m altitude. Of 1,988 cattle necropsied, 116
      (5.8%) had brisket disease. The malady occurred during all seasons but was most
      common throughout fall and winter. The gross changes were hypertrophy and
      dilatation of the right ventricle and generalizaed passive congestion. The
      postulated causative factors were high genetic susceptibility, rapid growth rate,
      previous mountain grazing, and hypoventilation with airway hypoxia.

PMID- 956030
TI  - Bulling among yearling feedlot steers.
AB  - In a survey to determine the cause of illness and deaths among yearling feedlot
      cattle, bulling was found to be one of the major problems. During the years 1971
      1974, 54,913 (2.88%) steers became bullers and represented an annual loss of
      around +325,000. Some of the causes of bulling were found to be hormones, either
      as implants or in the feed. In 1974, from 1,988 necropsies, it was determined
      that 83 steers died from riding injuries.

PMID- 956031
TI  - Fetal abomasal ulcers in yearling feedlot cattle.
AB  - During all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling
      feedlot cattle. From the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988 necropsies were made; of this
      number, 31 (1.6%) had ulcers with fatal perforations or hemorrhages; a similar
      additional number of necropsied cattle had innocuous ulcers as incidental
      findings. Ulcers developed during all seasons and all stages of fattening, but
      were more common during the first 45 days of winter-initiated fattening than
      during other times. Perforations of the abomasal wall resulted in spillage of
      abomasal contents into the abdominal cavity and the development of peritonitis.

PMID- 956032
TI  - Sudden deaths in yearling feedlot cattle.
AB  - A survey of the causes for fatal diseases of yearling feedlot cattle was
      conducted on more than 407,000 cattle during a 14-month period. Of the 4,260 (1%)
      cattle that died during this period, 1,358 (32%) were categorized as cases of
      "sudden death syndrome." Of the 11 most frequent causes of the syndrome, as
      determined at necropsy, only 4--bloat, pulmonary aneurysms, riding injury, and
      hemopericardium--were considered as short-course problems and true causes of
      sudden death. The largest number of cases of sudden death were attributed to
      pneumonia (113 animals). Consequently, the sudden death syndrome is a misnomer
      for many long-course diseases and, in some instances, a mask for neglect because,
      as clinically used, the name frequently includes cattle that have been sick,
      often with pneumonia, for several days.

PMID- 956033
TI  - Bronchiectasis in yearling feedlot cattle.
AB  - Thoughout all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000
      yearling feedlot cattle. From the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988 necropsies were made;
      of the cattle necropsied, 32 (1.6%) had bronchiectasis. In this disease, the
      permanently dilated small bronchi and bronchioles, located in ventral parts of
      the lungs, were filled with accumulations of exudate and microorganisms,
      including Pasteurella hemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Corynebacterium
      pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella anatum, Staphylococcus spp, and Mycoplasma
      arginini.

PMID- 956034
TI  - A new broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic, G-52, produced by Micromonospora
      zionensis.
AB  - G-52 is a new broad spectrum aminoglycoside produced by a species of the genus
      Micromonospora, Micromonospora zionensis. It has been differentiated from other
      known related antibiotics by a variety of chemical and biological methods. Its in
      vitro and in vivo spectrum of activity appears to be quite similar to that of
      verdamicin and gentamicin but is differentiated from them by its increased
      activity against 6'-N-acetylating strains.

PMID- 956035
TI  - The structure of antibiotic G-52, a new aminocyclitol-aminoglycoside antibiotic
      produced by Micromonospora zionensis.
AB  - Antibiotic G-52, a new aminocyclitol-aminoglycoside antibiotic produced in the
      fermentation of Micromonospora zionensis, has been shown to be 6'-N
      methylsisomicin on the basis of its spectral characteristics. This assignment was
      confirmed by synthesis of the antibiotic from sisomicin.

PMID- 956036
TI  - Nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. I. Discovery, isolation
      and characterization.
AB  - Nocardicin A is a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic obtained from the
      fermentation broth of a strain of actinomycetes. The producing organism, strain
      WS 1571, was identified as Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsuyamanensis ATCC 21806.
      The antibiotic, obtained as colorless crystals, exhibits moderate in vitro
      antibacterial activity against a broad-spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria
      including Proteus and Pseudomonas. It has low toxicity in laboratory animals.

PMID- 956037
TI  - Gardimycin, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes. I. Description of the producer
      strain and fermentation studies.
AB  - Two strains of Actinoplanes have been isolated that produce a new peptide
      antibiotic named gardimycin. A detailed taxonomical study of such strains
      indicates that they differ between themselves and from all the described species
      of Actinoplanes. For this reason they are considered to be new species; for which
      the names A. garbadinensis nov. sp. and A. liguriae nov. sp. are proposed. The
      type strain of A. garbadinensis is A/10889(=ATCC 31049), the type strain of A.
      liguriae is A/6353 (=ATCC 31048). Studies on the medium and fermentation
      conditions are reported.

PMID- 956038
TI  - Gardimycin, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes. II. Isolation and preliminary
      characterization.
AB  - The strain Actinoplanes garbadinensis nov. sp. produces a peptide antibiotic,
      named gardimycin, which is active in vitro and in vivo against Gram-positive
      bacteria. Isolation and purification of the product have been accomplished by
      extraction from the broth with butanol and dialysis of the crude extract,
      followed by counter-current distribution. Gardimycin is an open chain peptide
      with an approximate minimal formula C84H138N18S3-4O34Na. The following amino
      acids have been identified by column chromatography of an acid hydrolysate:
      serine, glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, valine and two
      sulphur-containing amino acids whose structure is presently under study.
      Tryptophan has been identified in an alkaline hydrolysate.

PMID- 956039
TI  - Isolation of a new antibiotic 333-25, related to antibiotic EM 49. (Studies on
      antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XI).
AB  - A new antibiotic, 333-25, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative
      bacteria, was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus circulans 333-25. The
      antibiotic is a basic acylpeptide containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (5), leucine
      (2), phenylalanine (1) and a fatty acid. It is closely related to antibiotic EM
      49, but can be differentiated by chromatographic behaviour.

PMID- 956040
TI  - The constituent amino acids and fatty acid of antibiotic 333-25. (Studies on
      antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XII.
AB  - Measurement of the optical rotational activities of the constituent amino acids
      of antibiotic 333-25 identified 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (D-form 1, L-form 4), L
      leucine (2) and D-phenylalanine (1). The fatty acid constituent was determined to
      be beta-hydroxy anteisononanoic acid by gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic
      resonance and mass spectra. Differentiation from the structure of antibiotic EM
      49 is discussed.

PMID- 956041
TI  - A butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor produced by Penicillium sp. no. C-81 and its
      identity with mycelianamide.
AB  - A screening aimed at obtaining a cholinesterase inhibitor of microbial origin was
      carried out using Pseudomonas butyrylcholinesterase. A mycelium-extract of a
      fungus strain, belonging to the genus Penicillium, was found to produce such an
      enzyme inhibitor. The inhibitor was purified and crystallized as colorless
      leaflets. From physical and chemical studies, the inhibitor was identified as
      being identical with an antibiotic, mycelianamide, though this compound was not
      known to have enzyme inhibitor activity. The kinetics of the inhibition of
      Pseudomonas butyrylcholinesterase were also studied. Horse serum cholinesterase
      and hog liver carboxylesterase were also inhibited by the isolated Penicillium C
      81 inhibitor, but lipase and acetylcholinesterase were not.

PMID- 956042
TI  - Modifications of a macrolide antibiotic midecamycin (SF-837). I. Synthesis and
      structure of 9,3''-diacetylmidecamycin.
AB  - 9,3''-Diacetylmidecamycin (12) was synthesized from 4''-depropionyl-9,2',4''
      triacetylmidecamycin (8) by heating the latter with propionic anhydride in
      pyridine followed by removal of 2'-acetyl group, with or without 18-enolpropionyl
      group. Direct acetylation of midecamycin (1) led to the formation of the 3'',4''
      positional isomer (6). The structure of 12 was determined by mass, NMR and
      chemical degradation. The location of 3''-acetyl group was shown by the
      stereospecific 3 leads to 1 acetyl migration catalyzed by a base of 3-O-acetyl-4
      O-propionyl-L-mycarose (13), and comparison of NMR and mass fragmentation with
      the 3,4-positional isomer (15). The latter's structure was independently
      supported by the nuclear Overhauser effect between methyl and propionyl group at
      C-3. The intramolecular 4 leads to 3 acyl shift that was taken place in the
      forced acylation of the mycarose moiety was found to be affected by the anomeric
      configuration, nature of aglycones and reaction temperature. Reverse 3 leads to 4
      acyl migration occurred in acidic hydrolysis.

PMID- 956043
TI  - High resolution mass spectra of malformin and related cyclic peptides.
AB  - A comparison of the high resolution mass spectra of synthetic and natural
      preparations of malformin provided new evidence for the revised structure: (see
      article): The interpretation of the mass spectra was aided by the examination of
      the spectra of the synthetic peptides, desthiomalformin and enantio-5-valine
      malformin.

PMID- 956044
TI  - A new semisynthetic 7alpha-methoxycephalosporin, CS-1170: 7beta
      ((cyanomethyl)thio)acetamido)-7alpha-methoxy-3-((1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5
      yl)thio)methyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid.
AB  - The synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a new semisynthetic 7alpha
      methoxycephalosporin,7beta [[(cyanomethyl)thiol]acetamidol]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1
      methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (CS-1170), are
      described. This compound shows interesting antibacterial activity when compared
      to cefoxitin and cephalothin.

PMID- 956045
TI  - 3-Deacetoxy-7-(alpha-amino-1-cyclohexenylacetamido) cephalosporanic acid (SCE
      100), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin. I. Comparative in vitro antibacterial
      activities of SCE-100 and cephalexin (CEX).
AB  - 3-Deacetoxy-7(alpha-amino)-1-cyclohexenylacetamido) cephalosporanic acid (SCE
      100) has a potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative
      bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of SCE-100 is 0.2 approximately
      12.5 mug/ml against Gram-positive bacteria including penicillin G-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus and 6.25 approximately 100 mug/ml against Gram-negative
      bacteria. SCE-100 inhibits clinically isolated strains of penicillin G-resistant
      S. aureus and ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, as well as the corresponding
      sensitive strains. The activity of SCE-100 is enhanced by decreasing the inoculum
      size and is only slightly influenced by medium pH, difference of medium
      composition and the addition of horse serum. SCE-100 has bactericidal activity
      against S. aureus and E. coli. There is a stepwise development of in vitro
      bacterial resistance to SCE-100 by serial transfer of organisms into a liquid
      medium containing SCE-100. Cross resistance was observed between SCE-100 and
      other tested cephalosporins.

PMID- 956046
TI  - 3-Deacetoxy-7-(alpha-amino-1-cyclohexenylacetamido) cephalosporanic acid (SCE
      100), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin. III. Comparative studies on absorption,
      distribution and excretion of SCE-100 and cephalexin (CEX) in laboratory animals.
AB  - 3-Deacetoxy-7-(alpha-amino-1-cyclohexenylacetoamido) cephalosporanic acid (SCE
      100) was compared to cephalexin with respect to absorption, tissue distribution,
      and urinary and biliary excretion in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs. The absorption
      of SCE-100 after oral administration is generally slower than that of cephalexin,
      but its disappearance from blood and tissues is delayed. The concentration of SCE
      100 in the liver is distinctly higher than that of cephalexin. These properties
      of SCE-100 are most clearly manifested in rats. There is no significant
      difference in urinary excretion of the two cephalosporins in rabbits and dogs,
      while in rabbits, biliary excretion of SCE-100 is more intensive than that of
      cephalexin.

PMID- 956047
TI  - A proposed numbering system for polyether antibiotics.

PMID- 956048
TI  - Isolation of an antibiotic AB-74, related to destomycin C.

PMID- 956049
TI  - Taxonomic studies on Streptomyces aquacanus, antibiotic AB-74-producing organism.

PMID- 956050
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis of blasticidin S. V. Isolation and structure of
      pentopyranic acid.

PMID- 956051
TI  - The chemical synthesis of bestatin.

PMID- 956052
TI  - Micromonospora-produced sisomicin components.
AB  - A sisomicin fermentation carried out in the presence of (methyl-14C)-L-methionine
      resulted in a crude mixture, composed of methyl-14C-labeled sisomicin as a major
      component; and two 4''-C-desmethylsisomicin (66-40B and 66-40D) isomer-like
      components, an unidentified component and a gentamicin A-like antibiotic as minor
      components. When (methyl-14C)-L-methionine was added in an early stage of the
      fermentation (24 hours), incorporation of methyl-14C-label into polar components
      (e.g., gentamicin A-like antibiotic) preceded that into sisomicin.
      Chromatographic evidence for the bioconversion of (methyl-14C)-gentamicin A to a
      radioactive sisomicin-like product (possibly (3''-N-methyl-14C)-sisomicin) was
      seen, when a Micromonospora blocked mutant was incubated in the presence of the
      former antibiotic.

PMID- 956053
TI  - A new metabolite from Streptomyces hygroscopicus I. Fermentation and isolation.
AB  - A deoxypentulose has been isolated from the fermentations of a new soil isolate
      of Streptomyces hygroscopicus (UC-5601). It was found to inhibit weakly and
      specifically the growth of one strain of Mycobacterium avium (UC-159).

PMID- 956054
TI  - A new metabolite from Streptomyces hygroscopicus II. Identification as 1-deoxy-D
      threo-pentulose.
AB  - Mass spectrometric studies show this metabolite to be a 1-deoxy-pentulose. The
      sterochemistry was established by reduction to the corresponding 1-deoxy-D
      pentitols.

PMID- 956055
TI  - Alborixin, a new antibiotic ionophore: taxonomy, isolation and biological
      properties.
AB  - Alborixin is an ionophorous antibiotic of the nigericin group isolated from
      cultures of a strain of Streptomyces albus. It is active against Gram-postive
      bacteria and is coccidiostatic, but it is very toxic. The antibacterial principle
      was extracted with organic solvent from the mycelium, isolated in crystalline
      form and named alborixin.

PMID- 956056
TI  - Kalafungin. II. Chemical transformations and the absolute configuration.
AB  - The properties of number of kalafungin derivatives and analogues are consistent
      with the proposed structure. The absolute stereochemistry of the three active
      centers was determined to be RRR by optical rotatory dispersion comparisons.

PMID- 956057
TI  - The C-13 NMR spectrum of novobiocin.
AB  - The carbons of novobiocin have been assigned to peaks in the CMR spectrum on the
      basis of chemical shifts and off-resonance experiments on novobiocin and related
      compounds.

PMID- 956058
TI  - The constitution of laidlomycin, a new antimycoplasmal antbiotic.

PMID- 956059
TI  - A new antibiotic, medermycin.

PMID- 956060
TI  - On the structure of hygromycin. The location of a methylene substituent and the
      anomeric configuration of the arabino-hexoside moiety.

PMID- 956061
TI  - Availability of tryptophan in some feedstuffs for swine.

PMID- 956062
TI  - Comparison of dietary zinc levels for reproducing sows and the effect of dietary
      zinc and calcium on the subsequent performance of their progeny.

PMID- 956063
TI  - Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in rats: protective effects of dietary cysteine.

PMID- 956064
TI  - Choline metabolism and nutritional requirement of lake trout (Salvelinus
      namaycush).

PMID- 956065
TI  - Occurrence and thermoresistance of spores of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic
      aerobic sporeformers in soil and foods.

PMID- 956066
TI  - A numerical taxonomic study of Proteus-Providence bacteria.

PMID- 956067
TI  - Copper and iron as determinant factors of antibiotic production by Pseudomonas
      reptilivora.

PMID- 956068
TI  - Isolation and identification of photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodospirillaceae) from
      Antarctic marine and  freshwater sediments.

PMID- 956069
TI  - Studies of the utilization of coconut water waste for the production of the food
      yeast Saccharomyces fragilis.

PMID- 956070
TI  - Protein and other compositional analyses of Saccharomyces fragilis grown on
      coconut water waste.

PMID- 956071
TI  - Social-skills training to modify abusive verbal outbursts in adults.
AB  - Social-skills training was used to modify abusive verbal outbursts displayed by
      two adult psychiatric patients. Five target behaviors--looking, irrelevant
      comments, hostile comments, inappropriate requests, and appropriate requests were
      monitored during role-played situations. Social-skills training, consisting of
      behavior rehearsal with modelling, focused instructions, and feedback, was
      introduced in a multiple-baseline design across individuals. Training improved
      all target behaviors. The improved behavior generalized to: (1) novel scenes role
      played with the original respondent, (2) training and novel scenes role-played
      with a different respondent, and (3) interpersonal situations on the hospital
      ward.

PMID- 956072
TI  - Prompts to increase attendance in a community mental-health center.
AB  - The effect of a brief appointment reminder for mental-health center applicants is
      reported. A standardized phone message was delivered by an administrative staff
      member one to three days before the appointment and a sequential experimental
      design alternating baseline and phone message conditions was used to assess the
      effects of the procedure. The no-show rate averages were 32%, 11%, 25%, and 14%
      respectively. The cost of the procedure was $162.00, which was totally recovered
      when only six appointments were kept. Since over 1000 patients were involved in
      the study, the return on the investment of +162.00 is considerable. Implications
      for this procedure are discussed for other community mental-health centers and
      for other community care-giving agencies.

PMID- 956073
TI  - Classical conditioning of decreases in human systolic blood pressure.
AB  - Decrease in human systolic blood pressure of 4.35 mm Hg (range: 0 to 12 mm Hg)
      were classically conditioned in normal and hypertensive subjects using a delayed
      conditioning paradigm in which a 30-sec auditory stimulus (the conditioned
      stimulus) was followed immediately by tilting the subject 15degrees head-down to
      elicit small decreases in blood pressure. Conditioning occurred within five
      trials. A control group demonstrated that sensitization of the reflex by repeated
      tilting could not account for the blood-pressure decreases associated with the
      conditioned stimulus in experimental subjects.

PMID- 956074
TI  - The effects of a self-instructional package on overactive preschool boys.
AB  - The effects of a self-instructional package on three overactive preschool boys
      were investigated using a multiple-baseline design across subjects. Behavioral
      observations of the three target subjects indicated transfer of training effects
      from the experimental tasks to the classroom. On-task behaviors increased
      dramatically concomitant with the introduction of the self-instructional package,
      and treatment gains were maintained 22.5 weeks after baseline was initiated. In
      addition, the use of an observer-expectancy control condition gave further
      credibility to the demonstration of a cusal relationship.

PMID- 956075
TI  - The effects of token reinforcement on the behavior of delinquents in cottage
      settings.
AB  - A token economy designed to modify the behavior of 125 adolescent males committed
      to a state correctional institution was implemented in the boys' cottages,
      focusing on social behavior (peer interaction), rule following, and task
      completion. The program was sequentially introduced in a multiple-baseline design
      in three independent cottages; a fourth group served as a comparison cottage.
      Appropriate behavior increased when the token program was introduced in each
      cottage. Data were collected for 14 months. Thus, the long-term effects of
      initial behavior change were assessed.

PMID- 956076
TI  - Antibiotic management of cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 956077
TI  - Preventing casualty wound infection.

PMID- 956078
TI  - The relevance of bacteriology tests to the clinical use of antibiotics in
      domiciliary practice.

PMID- 956079
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis following prophylactic antibiotics in bowel surgery.

PMID- 956080
TI  - Laboratory and clinical studies on carfecillin.

PMID- 956081
TI  - Trimethoprim and rifampicin: pharmacokinetic studies in man.

PMID- 956082
TI  - Biliary excretion of ampicillin, metampicillin and carbenicillin.

PMID- 956083
TI  - Effect of tinidazole, metronidazole and nitrofurazone on nucleic acid synthesis
      in Clostridium bifermentans.

PMID- 956084
TI  - The protein binding of ticarcillin and tobramycin.

PMID- 956085
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of antibiotic absorption in coeliac disease.

PMID- 956086
TI  - Bacteroides fragilis and nitroimidazoles.

PMID- 956087
TI  - Unrealistic nature of the "MIC".

PMID- 956088
TI  - Sarcomere lengthening and tension drop in the latent period of isolated frog
      skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - A laser diffraction technique has been developed for registering small changes in
      sarcomere length. The technique is capable of resolving changes as small as 0.2 A
      in isolated frog skeletal muscle fibers. The small sarcomere lengthening that
      accompanies the drop in tension in the latent period of contraction was
      investigated. We suggest this lengthening be named latency elongation (LE). The
      LE is present in a completely slack fiber and must, therefore, be caused by a
      forcible lengthening process. Furthermore, the LE is dependent on the existence
      of an overlap between thin and tick filaments. The rate of elongation and the
      time interval between stimulation and maximum elongation may vary along the
      fiber. The maximum elongation was 3-5 A per sarcomere. At any instant the drop in
      tension is a product of the sum of sarcomere lengthenings along the fiber and the
      slope stiffness of the series elasticity. The latency relaxation (LR) could be
      registered in the sarcomere length range from 2.2 mum to 3.6-3.7 mum. The
      amplitude went through a sharp maximum at 3.0-3.1 mum. In the sarcomere length
      range from 2.2 to 2.8 mum the delay from onset to maximum LR was nearly
      proportional to the distance from the Z-line to the overlap zone. A working
      hypothesis is presented. It is suggested that the LE is caused by a lengthening
      of the thin filaments.

PMID- 956089
TI  - Intracellular Na+, K+, and C1- activities in Balanus photoreceptors.
AB  - Ion-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure intracellular activities (aix)
      of Na+, K+, and C-1 in Balanus photoreceptors. Average values of aiNa, aiK, and
      aiCl were 28 mM, 120 mM, and 65 mM, respectively. Equilibrium potentials
      calculated from these average values were: Na+ +64 mV, K+ - 77 mV, and and Cl- 
      42 mV; ther average value of the resting potential for all cells examined was -41
      mV. Long exposure to intense illumination produced measurable increases in aiNa.
      Classical Na+ - K+ reciprocal dilution experiments were analyzed with and without
      observed changes in aiK. As aoK was increased, the membrane depolarized, and aiK
      increased. Better agreement was found between the membrane potential and the
      directly determined EK than expected from the standard relation between Em and
      aoK. The latter produced pNa:pK estimates of the resting photoreceptor membrane
      that were higher than estimates based on data from the ion electrodes. Generally,
      Em was more negative than EK as aoK was increased. This is consistent with a
      significant chloride permeability in the dark-adapted photoreceptor.

PMID- 956090
TI  - The permeability of the sodium channel in Myxicola to the alkali cations.
AB  - Relative permeabilities to the alkali cations were determined, from the reversal
      potential (VRev), for the Na channel of internally perfused voltage-clamped
      Myxicola giant axons. PLi/PNa and PK/PNa are 0.94 and 0.076, respectively. Rb and
      Cs are not measurably permeant. VRev vs. the internal Na activity was well
      described by the constant field equation over a 300-fold range of internal Na
      concentrations. In agreement with findings on squid axons, the PK/PNa was found
      to increase when the K content of the internal perfusate was reduced (equivalent
      per equivalent substitution with TMA). Internal Rb and Cs also decreased the
      PK/PNa. The order of effectiveness of internal K, Rb, and Cs in increasing the Na
      selectivity of the Na channel was Cs greater than Rb greater than or equal to K.
      External Li increases the PK/PNa but this may be due to the formation of LiF
      internally. It may be that substances do not have to traverse the channel in
      order to affect the selectivity filter. Evidence is presented which suggests that
      the selectivity of the Na channel may be higher for Na in intact as compared to
      perfused giant axons. It was concluded that the channel selectivity properities
      do not reflect only some fixed structural features of the channel, but the
      selectivity filter has a labile organization.

PMID- 956091
TI  - Neural modification by paired sensory stimuli.
AB  - With repetitive stimulation of two sensory pathways which are intact within the
      isolated nervous system of Hermissenda, features of a cellular conditioning
      paradigm were identified. Type A photoreceptors, unlike type B photoreceptors,
      produce fewer impulses in response to light following temporally specific pairing
      of light stimuli with rotation stimuli. Type A photoreceptor impulse wave-forms
      are also specifically changed by such stimulus regimens. These findings can be
      explained, at least in part, by increased inhibition of type A cells by type B
      cells after stimulus pairing.

PMID- 956092
TI  - Age and sex differences in lung elasticity, and in closing capacity in
      nonsmokers.
AB  - Static volume-pressure characteristics of the human lung, closing capacity (CC),
      closing pressure, and subdivisions of lung volumes were measured in 66 adult
      nonsmokers, aged 24-58 yr. There were systemic differences between the sexes as
      well as with age. Young females had less elastic recoil at any lung volume than
      young males. However, males lost elastic recoil with age faster than females so
      that in the older age groups the recoil was similar. There were no significant
      changes in compliance over the volume range containing most values of CC in
      either males or females. By comparing the age regression of CC and of elastic
      recoil pressures at 40 and 50% TLC we conclude that the increase in CC with age
      in males was attributable almost entirely to loss of recoil. In females none of
      the increase in closing capacity with age was attributable to loss of recoil. By
      exclusion, it is probably attributable to a change in the intrinsic properties of
      small airways or an increase in the pleural pressure gradient with age.

PMID- 956093
TI  - Energetics of isometric exercise in man.
AB  - In isometric contractions of the plantar flexors (5-40% of maximal tension,
      Tmax), VO2 is linearly related to the force exerted, averaging 2 ml/min-kg of
      tension. At tension levels above 5% Tmax the lactic acid contribution to the
      overall energy demand is constant at about 20%. Therefore, up to at least 40%
      Tmax,-muscle blood flow is not totally occluded, though it is impaired even at
      low force levels. Below 5% Tmax no lactic acid (LA) accumulates in blood. The
      energy required for the development of the tension is linearly related to the
      force exerted up to 33% Tmax, thereafter increasing disproportionately. In the
      transition from rest to static contractions of the plantar and forearm flexors
      (30 and 40% Tmax, respectively) VO2 increases initially to 200% of the controls,
      leveling off later at 150%. During recovery, VO2 increases up to 200% of the
      initial resting level, due to the payment of a large O2 debt, decreasing then
      with a t 1/2 of about 30 s. The glycolytic component is relatively more important
      in isometric contractions of the forearm than of the plantar flexors. No LA
      accumulates in static contractions of the plantar flexors of 5-10 s duration
      interrupted by equal pauses.

PMID- 956094
TI  - Cold-induced shivering in men with thermoneutral skin temperatures.
AB  - Twenty-two male Caucasians, aged 20-47 yr, were exposed in a cold room to air
      temperatures of -33 degrees C while lying in sleeping bags for 2 h. Skin and
      rectal temperatures as well as electromyographic activity of the chin, forearm,
      and thigh, were recorded. Shivering occurred in all the subjects, even though
      skin temperatures were maintained between 31 and 33 degrees C. It is suggested
      that a counter-current heat exchange occurs whereby the warm blood of the common
      carotid artery is cooled by cool venous blood in the jugular veins. This cooled
      arterial blood, in irrigating the hypothalamus, causes shivering.

PMID- 956095
TI  - Effect of adrenergic agents and their mode of action on mucociliary clearance in
      man.
AB  - The aerosolized adrenergic (ADR) agent, isoproterenol (ISO), was found markedly
      to accelerate mucus clearance within the human tracheobronchial tree. Mucus
      transport was measured by external gamma counting of aerosolized Fe2O3 particles
      deposited on the mucous membrane during inhalation. Aerosolized epinephrine
      (EPI), despite its alpha-ADR bronchial vasoconstrictor activity, increased mucus
      clearance to the same degree as did aerosolized ISO, with its beta-ADR bronchial
      vasodilator activity. The vehicle used for delivery of the ADR agents, i.e., a
      H2O aerosol by intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB), itself increased
      mucus clearance slightly, but did not elicit the enormous increases produced by
      the ADR agents. Parenteral ISO caused increases in clearances similar to
      aerosolized ISO and EPI (consistent with different tissue drug levels achieved).
      Oral atropine delayed clearance, but atropine prior to an ADR aerosol did not
      alter the mucus transport effect of the ADR agent. ISO and atropine, despite
      opposite effects on mucus clearance, caused equal bronchodilation. Thus,
      increased clearance following aerosolized ISO was not dependent on bronchial
      vasodilation, aqueous aerosol droplets, reflex parasympathetic activation, or
      bronchodilation, and seems best attributable to increased ciliary beat rate.

PMID- 956096
TI  - Effect of volume history on successive partial expiratory flow-volume maneuvers.
AB  - In normal subjects, the second of two successive partial expiratory flow-volume
      (PEFV 2) curves often had higher isovolume maximal expiratory flow rates (Vmax)
      than the first (PEFV 1) (mean increase 30.2 +/- 13%). The higher Vmax on PEFV 2
      was present only when there was a greater lung elastic recoil pressure (Pst(L)).
      In eight subjects the Pst(L) derived from sequential partial quasi-static
      pressure-volume curves, from interruption of the flow-volume maneuvers and at the
      start of the PEFV curves showed that isovolume upstream resistance increased
      although Vmax also increased after going to residual volume (RV). In four
      subjects the RV volume history did not change the pressure flow relationship
      across the upstream airways. If airways dimensions were the sole determinant of
      Vmax, then Vmax on PEFV 2 would be the same or smaller than on PEFV 1. That the
      opposite was observed in our study indicates that the increase in Pst(L), which
      results from parenchymal hysteresis, offsets any dimensional decrease in upstream
      airways due to airways hysteresis.

PMID- 956097
TI  - Respiratory, circulatory, and ECG changes during acute exposure to high altitude.
AB  - Quantitative electrocardiographic and accessory circulatory and respiratory mass
      spectrographic and accessory circulatory and respiratory mass spectrographic
      studies were carried out on 30 young, healthy subjects at rest during moderately
      acute, standardized stepwise exposure to simulated altitude up to 7,000 m (PAO2
      26.9 mmHg). The ECG (Einthoven and Wilson leads) and the respiratory gases were
      recorded synchronously during ascent and descent. The extensive data assembled,
      summarized in six tables and illustrated in seven graphs, represent the basis for
      future investigations on the single factors which underlie hypoxia-induced ECG
      changes during exposure to high altitude.

PMID- 956098
TI  - Papain inhibition by serum.
AB  - Sera from seven animal species (rat, cow, cat, dog, human, rabbit, and hamster)
      were tested and found to inhibit the papain-catalyzed hydrolysis of alpha-N
      benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroaniline-HCl (L-BAPA). The relative concentration of
      inhibitor in each serum sample was expressed in terms of its papain inhibitory
      capacity (PIC) defined as the number of units of papain inhibited per ml of
      serum. Rat serum contained the highest concentration of inhibitor while hamster
      serum contained the lowest concentration. The inhibitor appears to be competitive
      with respect to L-BAPA and is heat labile and nondialyzable. Antipapain activity
      can be separated from antitrypsin activity by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation.

PMID- 956099
TI  - PO2 in the carotid body perfused and/or superfused with cell-free media.
AB  - We measured with a micro-O2 electrode the tissue PO2 (PtO2) in the cat carotid
      body (CB) to see whether it was adequately oxygenated when perfused or superfused
      with artificial, cell-free (c-f) solutions (pH = 7.4; temp = 35-38 degrees C). To
      obtain a relative measure of O2 consumption (VO2), we also measured the rate of
      disappearance of O2 following stoppage of the blood flow, and compared these
      disappearance curves with those during stoppage of the c-f perfusion solutions.
      In 14 cats normal (blood perfusion) PtO2 values ranged from 10 to 104 mmHG; chi =
      72 +/- 4 (SE--as used throughout). During 3 h of c-f perfusion with air
      equilibrated Locke's solution, PtO2 ranged from 62 to about 160 mmHg; chi = 133
      +/- 4. When perfused with Fay's equilibrated with 98% O2-2% CO2 no PtO2 values in
      the CB were below 300 mmHg (4 cats). In eight additional cats the CB was cleared
      of blood then superfused with saline equilibrated with 50% O2 underneath and air
      equilibrated saline over. Less than 5% of the PtO2 values found were below 5
      mmHg. We conclude that most studies on the artificially perfused or superfused CB
      cannot be invalidated on the basis that the preparations were hypoxic. O2
      disappearance curves taken during blood perfusion were significantly faster than
      during c-f perfusion indicating a marked reduction in VO2 with c-f perfusion.

PMID- 956100
TI  - Xenon and nitrogen single-breath washout curves in patients with airway
      obstruction.
AB  - In patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, we determined single-breath N2
      and 133 Xe washout curves, and regional distributions of volumes (Vr) and of
      133Xe boluses inhaled at residual volume (VIRV). Patients suffering from
      emphysema with minimal airway obstruction demonstrated large closing volumes and
      apicobasal distribution gradients, apparently because of a steep pulmonary recoil
      pressure-volume curve. In one subject with basal small airway disease there was
      no vertical gradient in regional residual volume; closing volume was increased
      with the 133Xe technique but almost absent with the N2 technique. Patients with
      moderate-to-severe airway obstruction had upward-sloping alveolar plateaus
      without distinct phase IV, and small apicobasal differences in Vr and VIRV. The
      latter resulted probably from increased regional differences in time constants
      counteracting the influence of gravity. Finally, patients with severe airway
      obstruction and basal emphysema demonstrated a rising N2 but a descending 133Xe
      plateau; the gradient for VIRV was normal, and reversed for Vr. This pattern was
      attributed to nongravitational differences in time constants causing a first in
      first out distribution.

PMID- 956101
TI  - Maximal oxygen uptake during exercise with various combinations of arm and leg
      work.
AB  - Oxygen uptake (VO2) was determined in 10 males during the following types of
      maximal exercise (work time: about 5 min): uphill running, bicycling, arm work
      (cranking), and combined arm work and bicycling (A + L). The A + L exercise was
      performed in four different ways, the arms doing 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% of the
      same total rate of work; and also with the maximal bicycle work load plus either
      maximal or submaximal arm work. VO2 was the same in running as in all types of A
      + L exercise, except when the arm work load was 10% and 40% of the total rate of
      work, where VO2 was 2.5% (P less than 0.05) and 9.4% (P less than 0.001) lower,
      respectively. Bicycle VO2 was lower than VO2 in running but equal to A + L VO2
      when arm work intensity was 40% of the total rate of work. It is concluded that
      VO2 during maximal exercise a) to a certain extent depends on the exercising
      muscle mass, b) is lower than the oxygen-consuming potential of the muscles
      involved in A + L exercise, and c) in A + L exercise is influenced by the ratio
      of arm work to total rate of work and the subject's fitness for arm work and
      bicycling.

PMID- 956102
TI  - Uteroplacental blood flow during hyperthermia with and without respiratory
      alkalosis.
AB  - The effect of induced maternal hyperthermia (1.5 degrees C rise over 60 min) on
      the uterine and umbilical circulations was examined in two groups of chronically
      instrumented pregnant sheep. Hyperventilation occurred in both groups. In the
      group in which the resultant respiratory alkalosis was untreated (N = 5), uterine
      blood flow decreased to 53 +/- 3% (mean +/- SE; P less than 0.01) of control at
      maximal maternal temperature. Umbilical blood flow also decreased 30 +/- 6% (P
      less than 0.01) below control levels. In the other group, normocapnia was
      maintained (N = 4). Uterine blood flow decreased in this group to 75% +/- 2% (P
      less than 0.01) of control levels, but umbilical blood flow did not significantly
      change. There was no significant change in maternal or fetal mean arterial
      pressure during hyperthermia in either group. Thus, maternal hyperthermia per se
      results in a significant decrease in uterine blood flow primarily through an
      effect on uterine vascular resistance, but without a concomitant change in
      umbilical blood flow.

PMID- 956103
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on rate of heat acclimatization.
AB  - There is some indication in the literature that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) may
      reduce the physiological responses to heat stress. Consequently, the effect of
      ascorbic acid ingestion on heat-strain indicators has been studied on a group of
      60 mining recruits undergoing climatic room acclimatization. Of the 60 men, 19
      received a daily dose of 250 mg ascorbic acid; 21 a daily dose of 500 mg ascorbic
      acid; and 20 received a placebo daily. Measurements of rectal temperature, heart
      rate, and hourly sweat rate were made on all subjects during the 4 h of heat
      exposure per day for 10 days. The wet bulb temperature was 32.2 degrees C, the
      dry bulb 33.9 degrees C, the air movement 0.4 m/s, and the work rate 35 W. The
      results indicate that the rate and degree of acclimatization, as assessed by 4th
      h rectal temperature, is enhanced by ascorbic acid supplementation and that no
      differences in response could be shown between daily dosages of 250 and 500 mg of
      vitamin C.

PMID- 956104
TI  - Platelet antiserum inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog.
AB  - The literature suggests that platelets might help mediate the pulmonary vascular
      pressor response to hypoxia. This study evaluated the hypoxic response in dogs
      rendered acutely thrombocytopenic by the administration of platelet antiserum.
      Between 30 and 90 min after the antiserum the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response
      to hypoxia was virtually abolished, but subsequently returned at a time when the
      number of circulating platelets remained very low. The prior administration of
      meclofenamate completely preserved the hypoxic response, though the platelet
      count still fell precipitously. We conclude that circulating platelets are not
      necessary for hypoxic vasoconstriction. It is possible that the reaction between
      platelets and antiserum evokes the synthesis of a dilator prostaglandin which
      might be responsible for the temporary inhibition of the pressor response to
      hypoxia but this remains to be proven.

PMID- 956105
TI  - Influence of muscular development, obesity, and age on the fat-free mass of
      adults.
AB  - Body fat and the fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated in 36 men and 43 women
      deliberately chosen to represent a variety of physical types; these were 1) young
      sedentary, 2) "muscular," 3) younger obese, 4) older obese, and 5) older nonobese
      individuals of both sexes. The body fat and the FFM were estimated from
      measurements of body density (by total immersion in water, measurement being made
      of the residual volume of air present in the lungs at immersion) and from
      measurements of total body potassium (using a whole-body monitor to assess the
      natural 40K isotope present in the body). The muscular men and women and the
      younger obese men and women had a considerably greater FFM and thus had greater
      quantities of potassium than the corresponding sedentary groups. There were
      significantly different estimates of the FFM calculated from density and from
      total body K in three groups, the sedentary young men, the muscular, and the
      younger obese women. The density and the potassium content of the FFM appear to
      decline with obesity and aging. Muscular development is associated with a
      decrease in the density but an increase in the potassium content of the FFM.

PMID- 956106
TI  - Effects of water immersion on renal hemodynamics in normal man.
AB  - Although previous studies have demonstrated that water immersion to the neck (NI)
      results in a significant natriuresis and diuresis, the mechanisms are
      incompletely delineated. Since recent studies have demonstrated that NI induces a
      marked increase in cardiac index, it is possible that, as a consequence, renal
      hemodynamics may be augmented markedly during NI thereby mediating the
      encountered renal changes. The present study was undertaken to delineate the
      effects of NI on renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate as assessed by
      the clearance of PAH (CPAH) and inulin (CIn), respectively. Nine normal male
      subjects were studied on two occasions, control and NI. The conditions of seated
      posture and time of day were identical. Immersion did not alter CIn or CPAH at a
      time when sodium excretion was increasing markedly. The constancy of CPAH during
      NI suggests that renal blood flow is unaltered and that the natriuresis of NI is
      mediated independently of alterations in overall renal perfusion. The sluggish
      decline of a naturiuresis during recovery is consistent with the presence of a
      humoral factor contributing to the encountered natriuresis.

PMID- 956107
TI  - Effect of gas physical properties and flow on lower pulmonary resistance.
AB  - We measured lower pulmonary resistance (Rlp) in eight dogs and three men
      breathing gas mixtures having different densities (p) and similar viscosities
      (mu). Rlp increased with gas density and with flow rate (V). In the dogs, these
      effects were not observed in lung segments subtended from 4-mm-ID bronchi; in
      more central airways, resistance varied approximately as (mup V)0.5. These
      results are compatible with Poiseuille flow in peripheral airways, and, in
      central airways, with flow resistance described by the equation of boundary layer
      growth. Rather than two discrete flow regimes, it is likely that flow patterns
      undergo a continual metamorphosis as Reynolds' numbers (Re) decrease between
      trachea and alveoli. Accordingly, the airways pressure-flow relationship is not
      described by any single fluid dynamics equation, but may be explained by the
      general equation, P = Kmu2-apa-1Va, where a reflects the proportion of inertial
      to viscous pressure losses and varies between 1 and 2 according to Re. Rohrer's
      equation described the observed pressure-flow relationships and predicted the
      change in Rlp with gas physical properties, suggesting a physical basis
      underlying this adequate mathematical description.

PMID- 956108
TI  - Tissue oxygen tension in rabbits measured with a galvanic electrode.
AB  - A galvanic electrode which generates current in response to oxygen was used to
      measure tissue PO2 in 10 rabbits. Sixteen electrodes were calibrated in vitro at
      PO2 = 0 mmHg and PO2 = 100 mmHg before implantation into muscle and peritoneal
      cavity. Electrode calibration was checked after removal 7-20 days later; mean +/-
      SE reading at PO2 = 0 was 1.5 +/- 1.83 mmHg and at PO2 = 100 was 98.1 +/- 6.49
      mmHg. Continuous recordings of tissue PO2 showed little fluctuation in
      unanesthetized rabbits resting quietly. Tissue PO2 was lower than arterial or
      venous PO2 during air breathing but frequently exceeded venous PO2 during O2
      breathing. Highly significant correlations (P less than 0.001) were found between
      blood and tissue PO2 over a wide range of values obtained during air breathing
      and during 10%, 50%, and 100% O2 breathing. Thus, the galvanic electrode provided
      a reliable measure of tissue PO2 and maintained its stability in vivo for periods
      as long as 20 days.

PMID- 956109
TI  - Correction for cardiac output calculations by the nitrous oxide technique.
AB  - Calculations of cardiac output using the N2O technique as described by Becklake
      et. al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 17: 579, 1962) result in spurious values when
      barometric pressure or body temperature deviates from 760 Torr or 37.0 degrees C,
      respectively. Nitrous oxide (N2O) uptake (VN2O) must be corrected to standard
      pressure, dry at 37.0 degrees C.

PMID- 956110
TI  - A new method of measuring skin humidity.
AB  - A device suitable for the long-time measurement of relative skin humidity is
      described. This is a simple circuit with a resistance bridge for lithium chloride
      sensors connected to a digitally steered logic circuit, which causes dried air to
      stream intermittently through a measuring chamber placed on the skin in such a
      way that the relative humidity over the skin is maintained at a constant level.
      The number of switching time periods is proportional to the relative humidity
      (secretion performance) of the skin and can be counted, recorded, or directly fed
      into a digital calculator. The apparatus, including a two-channel version with
      skin temperature recording, has proved useful in sleep investigations under
      extreme climatic conditions.

PMID- 956111
TI  - A development of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve analyzer.
AB  - The development and improvement of an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve analyzer
      is described. PO2 electrode performance was improved by electrochemical means and
      circuits are described for processing the PO2 and pH signals from the analyzer. A
      circuit for automatically correcting the curve for Bohr shifts from pH 7.40 is
      described, and the performance of the Bohr shift unit is verified by experiment.
      The analyzer produces curves under standard conditions of PCO2 40 mmHg, pH 7.40,
      and 37 degrees C.

PMID- 956112
TI  - Method for chronic recording of electroencephalographic activity in conscious
      dogs.
AB  - The difficulties involved in recording high-quality electroencephalograms
      chronically from conscious dogs have been resolved by devising an implantable
      pure silver electrode assembly that can be screwed permanently into the skull.
      The assembly eliminates electromyographic artifacts and provides high-fidelity
      tracings. Construction is simple and commercially available, inexpensive parts
      are used. Highly satisfactory records can be obtained over periods of months.

PMID- 956113
TI  - Identification of several unique, low-molecular-weight basic proteins in dormant
      spores of clastridium bifermentans and their degradation during spore
      germination.
AB  - Two acid-soluble, low-molecular-weight basic proteins comprise approximately 20%
      of the protein in dormant spores of Clostridium bifermentans. Both of these
      proteins are rapidly degraded during spore germination.

PMID- 956114
TI  - Bacterial characteristics determining the potential host range of bacteriophage
      T4.
AB  - Many members of the Enterobacteriaceae, but not other gram-negative organisms,
      apparently carry a specific recognition site for the T4 tail tube on their
      cytoplasmic membranes.

PMID- 956115
TI  - Cellular localization of uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
      oxidoreductase activity in Citrobacter freundii.
AB  - The uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase activity of
      Citrobacter freundii ATCC 10053 was found to be located in the soluble
      cytoplasmic fraction of lysed spheroplasts.

PMID- 956116
TI  - Hydrogenase and ribulose diphosphate carboxylase during autotrophic,
      heterotrophic, and mixotrophic growth of scotochromogenic mycobacteria.
AB  - Two key autotrophic enzyme systems, hydrogenase and ribulose diphosphate
      carboxylase, were examined in Mycobacterium gordonae and two other
      chemolithotrophic, scotochromogenic mycobacteria under different cultural
      conditions. In all three organisms both enzymes were inducible and were produced
      in significant levels only in the presence of the specific substrate, hydrogen or
      carbon dioxide. M. gordonae exhibited increased growth rates and yields,
      indicating mixotrophic growth, in the presence of a number of single organic
      substrates, including acetate, pyruvate, glucose, fructose, and glycerol. In
      contrast to other aerobic hydrogen autotrophs, the presence of either acetate or
      pyruvate did not repress ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, and mixotrophic growth
      was rapid with these substrates. In the absence of carbon dioxide, growth in
      glycerol medium under an atmosphere of hydrogen and oxygen was severely
      inhibited, even with cells preadapted to heterotrophic growth on glycerol. Cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate was not effective in inducing hydrogenase or carboxylase
      in heterotrophic, mixotrophic, or hydrogen-inhibited cultures.

PMID- 956117
TI  - Phosphorylation of glycerol and dihydroxyacetone in Acetobacter xylinum and its
      possible regulatory role.
AB  - Extracts of Acetobacter xylinum catalyze the phosphorylation of glycerol and
      dihydroxyacetone (DHA) by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) to form, respectively,
      L-alpha-glycerophosphate and DHA phosphate. The ability to promote
      phosphorylation of glycerol and DHA was higher in glycerol-grown cells than in
      glucose- or succinate-grown cells. The activity of glycerol kinase in extracts is
      compatible with the overall rate of glycerol oxidation in vivo. The glycerol-DHA
      kinase has been purified 210-fold from extracts, and its molecular weight was
      determined to be 50,000 by gel filtration. The glycerol kinase to DHA kinase
      activity ratio remained essentially constant at 1.6 at all stages of
      purification. The optimal pH for both reactions was 8.4 to 9.2. Reaction rates
      with the purified enzyme were hyperbolic functions of glycerol, DHA, and ATP. The
      Km for glycerol is 0.5 mM and that for DHA is 5 mM; both are independent of the
      ATP concentration. The Km for ATP in both kinase reactions is 0.5 mM and is
      independent of glycerol and DHA concentrations. Glycerol and DHA are competitive
      substrates with Ki values equal to their respective Km values as substrates. D
      Glyceraldehyde and l-Glyceraldehyde were not phosphorylated and did not inhibit
      the enzyme. Among the nucleotide triphosphates tested, only ATP was active as the
      phosphoryl group donor. Fructose diphosphate (FDP) inhibited both kinase
      activities competitively with respect to ATP (Ki= 0.02 mM) and noncompetitively
      with respect to glycerol and DHA. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine 5'
      monophosphate (AMP) inhibited both enzymic activities competitively with respect
      to ATP (Ki (ADP) = 0.4 mM; Ki (AMP) =0.25 mM). A. xylinum cells with a high FDP
      content did not grow on glycerol. Depletion of cellular FDP by starvation enabled
      rapid growth on glycerol. It is concluded that a single enzyme from A. xylinum is
      responsible for the phosphorylation of both glycerol and DHA. This as well as the
      sensitivity of the enzyme to inhibition by FDP and AMP suggest that it has a
      regulatory role in glycerol metabolism.

PMID- 956118
TI  - Regulation of molybdate transport by Clostridium pasteurianum.
AB  - The regulation of the molybdate (MoO42-) transport activity of Clostridium
      pasteurianum has been studied by observing the effects of NH3, carbamyl
      phosphate, MoO42-, and chloramphenicol on the ability of cells to take up MoO42-.
      Compared with cells fixing N2, cells grown in the presence of 1 mM NH3 are
      greater than 95% repressed for MoO42- transport. Uptake activity begins to
      increase just before NH exhaustion (under Ar or N2) and continues to increase
      throughout the lag period as cells shift from NH3-growing to N2-fixing
      conditions. When cells are shifted from N2-fixing to NH3-growing conditions the
      transport activity per fixed number of cells decreases by increase of bells in
      absence of transport synthesis. Carbamyl phosphate (greater than or equal to 15
      mM) but not NH3 inhibits 58% of the in vitro uptake activity. When 1 mM carbamyl
      phosphate is added just before the exhaustion of NH3, the transport activity,
      measured 2 h later, is 100% repressed. Cells grown in the presence of high MoO42-
      (1mM) are 80% repressed for MoO42- transport. Synthesis of the MoO42- transport
      system is also completely stopped when chloramphenicol (300 mug/ml) is added just
      before the exhaustion oNH 3 from the medium. These findings demonstrate that the
      ability of cells to transport MoO42- is dependent upon new protein synthesis and
      can be repressed by high levels of substrate. The regulation of MoO42- uptake by
      NH3 or carbamyl phosphate closely parallels the regulation of nitrogenase
      activity. Activity of neither nitrogenase component (Fe protein or MoFe protein)
      was detected even 3 h after the exhaustion of the NH3 if either MoO42- was absent
      or if WO42- was present in place of MoO42-. The duration of the diauxic lag
      increases with decreasing concentration of MoO42- in the medium. If no MoO42- is
      present the lag continues indefinitely. If MoO42- is added late in the lag
      period, growth under N2-fixing conditions resumes but only after a normal
      induction period.

PMID- 956119
TI  - Characterization of an Acholeplasma laidlawii variant with a REP- phenotype.
AB  - An Acholeplasma laidlawii variant has been isolated that has a REP- phenotype.
      The properties of this variant, relative to parental cells, are: (i) it exhibits
      no change in cell growth kinetics; (ii) it does not propagate single-stranded
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mycoplasmaviruses but does propagate double-stranded
      DNA mycoplasmaviruses; (iii) it converts parental circular single-stranded
      mycoplasmavirus DNA to double-stranded replicative forms that are not replicated
      further; (iv) it exhibits no change in host modification and restriction; and (v)
      it has an increased ultraviolet light sensitivity. The REP- isolate is the first
      stable mycoplasma variant to which a physiological defect has been attributed.

PMID- 956120
TI  - Properties of pGC1, a lac plasmid orginating in Yersinia enterocolitica 842.
AB  - pGC1, a self-transmissible lac plasmid that originated in Yersinia enterocolitica
      842, is described. This plasmid is freely transmissible between strains of Y.
      enterocolitica and from such strains to strains of Escherichia coli. The plasmid
      can also be transferref among G. coli strains and back to Y. enterocolitica,
      although at a greatly reduced frequency. pGC1 has a molecular weight of about
      33.0 x 10(6), has a base composition of about 44 mol% guanine plus cytosine, and
      is fi-.

PMID- 956121
TI  - Catechol oxygenases of Pseudomonas putida mutant strains.
AB  - Investigation of a mutant strain of Pseudomonas putida NCIB 10015, strain PsU-E1,
      showed that it had lost the ability to produce catechol 1,2-oxygenase after
      growth with catechol. Additional mutants of both wild-type and mutant strains PsU
      E1 have been isolated that grow on catechol, but not on benzoate, yet still form
      a catechol 1,2-oxygenase when exposed to benzoate. These findings indicate that
      either there are separately induced catechol 1,2-oxygenase enzymes, or that there
      are two separate inducers for the one catechol 1,2-oxygenase enzyme. Comparisons
      of the physical properties of the catechol 1,2-oxygenases formed in response to
      the two different inducers show no significant differences, so it is more
      probable that the two proteins are the product of the same gene. Sufficient
      enzymes of the ortho-fission pathway are induced in the wild-type strain by the
      initial substrate benzoate (or an early intermediate) to commit that substrate to
      metabolism by ortho fission exclusively. A mechanism exists that permits
      metabolism of catechol by meta fission if the ortho-fission enzymes are unable to
      prevent its intracellular accumulation.

PMID- 956122
TI  - Involvement of 4-hydroxymandelic acid in the degradation of mandelic acid by
      Pseudomonas convexa.
AB  - A microorganism capable of degrading DL-mandelic acid was isolated from sewage
      sediment of enrichment culture and was identified as Pseudomonas convexa. It was
      found to metabolize mandelic acid by a new pathway involving 4-hydroxymandelic
      acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
      as aromatic intermediates. All the enzymes of the pathway were demonstrated in
      cell-free extracts. L-Mandelate-4-hydroxylase, a soluble enzyme, requires
      tetrahydropteridine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form,
      and Fe2+ for its activity. The next enzyme, L-4-hydroxymandelate oxidase
      (decarboxylating), a particulate enzyme, requires flavine adenine dinucleotide
      and Mn2+ for its activity. A nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent, as well
      as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent, benzaldehyde
      dehydrogenase has been resolved and partially purified.

PMID- 956123
TI  - Genetic linkage of chromosomal tetracycline resistance and pigmentation to a
      purine auxotrophic marker and the isoleucine-valine-leucine structural genes in
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Three tetracycline resistance determinants (tmn-3106, tmn-3110, and tmn-3511)
      reported by Asheshov (1975) to be chromosomal in Staphylococcus aureus have been
      linked by transformation to a purine auxotrophic marker (pur-110), a cluster of
      eight genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, valine, and leucine (the
      ilv-leu region), a marker (ilvR10) that may be involved in the regulation of the
      ilv-leu region, and a gene involved in pigmentation (pig-131). The linkage group
      thus defined is tmn-3106-pur-110-ilvR10-(ilv-leu)-pig-131. The orientation of the
      ilv-leu region relative to ilvR10 and pig-131 was not determined. The tmn-3106,
      tmn-3110, and tmn-3511 determinants exhibit the same linkage relationships to the
      other markers. It is concluded that this linkage group represents a portion of
      the chromosome of S. aureus.

PMID- 956124
TI  - Plasmid-protein relaxation complexes in Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Protein-deoxyribonucleic acid relaxation complexes have been demonstrated for six
      Staphylococcus aureus plasmids out of sixteen examined. Four of these encode
      stretomycin resistence, have molecular weights of about 2.7 x 10(6), and are
      isolated as supercoiled molecules that are virtally 100% relaxable by treatment
      with sodium dodecyl sulfate. It is probable that these four isolates represent a
      single widely disseminated plasmid species. The other two plasmids showing
      relaxation complexes have molecular weights of about 3 x 10(6) and encode
      chloramphenicol resistance. The complexes in these cases are unstable, and it has
      not been possible to induce more than 50% relaxation by any of the standard
      treatments. Ten other plasmids do not show detectable complexes. These include
      three penicillinase plasmids, four tetracycline-resistance plasmids, one plasmid
      carrying kanamycin-neomycin resistance, and finally, two chloramphenicol
      resistance plasmids.

PMID- 956125
TI  - XYL, a nonconjugative xylene-degradative plasmid in Pseudomonas Pxy.
AB  - Pseudomanas Pxy metabolizes p- or m-xylene through intermediate formation of the
      corresponding methylbenzyl alcohol and toluic acid via the meta pathway. The
      strain Pseudomonas Pxy spontaneously loses its ability to grow with xylene or
      toluate, and the rate of loss of this ability is greatly enhanced by treatment of
      the cells with mitomycin C. The assay of enzymes involved in xylene degradation
      in xylene-negative Pxy cells indicates the loss of the entire enzyme complement
      of the pathway. The genes specifying all the xylene-degradative enzymes,
      including those of the meta pathway, appear to be borne on a nonconjugative
      plasmid and can be transferred to xylene-negative Pxy or P. putida strain PpG1
      cells only in the presence of a transfer plasmid termed factor K. When
      transferred to strain PpG1, the xylene-degradative plasmid, termed XYL, coexists
      stably with factor K, but transduction of XYL is not accompanied by a cotransfer
      of factor K. XYL appears to be compatible wit- all the other known degradative
      plasmids in P. putida. The xylene pathway is inducible in wild-type Pxy as well
      as in Pxy and PpG1 exconjugants, suggesting the cotransfer of regulatory genes
      along with the plasmid. The enzymes converting xylene to toluate are induced by
      xylene, methylbenzyl alcohol, or the aldehyde derivatives but not significantly
      by toluate, whereas catechol dioxygenase and other enzymes are induced by
      toluates and presumable by xylene as well.

PMID- 956126
TI  - Energy coupling in the active transport of proline and glutamate by the
      photosynthetic halophile Ectothiorhodospira halophila.
AB  - When illuminated, washed cell suspensions of Ectothiorhodospira halophila carry
      out a concentrative uptake of glutamate or proline. Dark-exposed cells accumulate
      glutamate but not proline. Proline transport was strongly inhibited by
      carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a proton permeant that uncouples
      photophosphorylation, and by 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-n-oxide (HQNO), an
      inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. A stimulation of proline uptake
      was effected by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), an inhibitor of membrane
      adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) which catalyzes the phosphorylation. These
      findings suggest that the driving force for proline transport is the proton
      motive force established during photosynthetic electron transport. Glutamate
      uptake in the light was inhibited by CCCP and HQNO, but to a lesser extent than
      was the proline system. DCCD caused a mild inhibition of glutamate uptake in the
      light, but strongly inhibited the uptake by dark-exposed cells. CCCP strongly
      inhibited glutamate uptake in the dark. The light-dependent transport of
      glutamate is apparently driven by the proton-motive force established during
      photosynthetic electron transport. Hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by
      membrane ATPase apparently establishes the proton-motive force to drive the light
      independent transport. These conclusions were supported by demonstrating that
      light- or dark-exposed cells accumulate [3H]triphenylmethylphosphonium, a lipid
      soluble cation. Several lines of indirect evidence indicated that the proline
      system required higher levels of energy than did the glutamate system(s). This
      could explain why ATP hydrolysis does not drive proline transport in the dark.
      Membrane vesicles were prepared by the sonic treatment of E. halophila
      spheroplasts. The vesicles contained active systems for the uptake of proline and
      glutamate.

PMID- 956127
TI  - Ultrastructure and elemental composition of dormant and germinating Diplodia
      maydis spores.
AB  - The ultrastructure of Diplodia maydis spores was studied in thin sections with a
      transmission electron microscope. Storage vacuoles were evenly distributed in the
      two cells. Some of the vacuoles that contained a dense osmiophilic sphere(s) were
      surrounded by a membrane, and had membranous aggregates around their periphery.
      The sport wall was composed of an electron-dense layer and an electron
      translucent layer. An inner cytoplasmic membrane was present. Dormant and
      germinating spores were studied with scanning electron microscopy and also with a
      Si (Li) energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer. The dormant spore was ovate and usually
      two-celled with a central septum. Germination proceeded via a germ tube from the
      side of one end of the cell. Of several methods for preparation of specimens for
      X-ray analysis studied, freeze-dried spores mounted on carbon stubs and then
      further carbon coated gave the best results. X-ray analyses revealed that spore
      populations contained large amounts of Si, P, Cl, and K, smaller amounts of S and
      Ca, and trace amounts of Mg and Al. Analyses of single spores revealed high K and
      Cl and low P and Mg at one end of the cell with concomitant low K and Cl and high
      P and Mg in the central portion and other end of the cell. In two-celled
      germinating spores, high K and Cl occurred in the end of the nongerminating spore
      cell, whereas the germinating cell contained high P and Mg and low K and Cl. X
      ray image maps revealed that K and Cl were located together at one end of the
      spore.

PMID- 956128
TI  - Motility as a morphogenic character in the genus Arthrobacter.
AB  - Motility in Arthrobacter atrocyaneus, A. citreus, and A. simplex was found to
      correlate with the morphogenic cycle of these organisms. The percentage of the A.
      atrocyaneus and A. simplex populations that were flagellated at a given time
      during the growth cycle differed significantly from that of the normorphogenic
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa population. Flagellation in A. atrocyaneus was shown to be
      dependent upon the morphogenic cycle rather than upon growth. The commitment to
      flagellar synthesis in A. atrocyaneus was found to occur only after induction to
      the rod morphology. Flagellar synthesis in A. atrocyaneus was shown to be
      restricted to only a small segment of the morphogenic cycle.

PMID- 956129
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the rodlet layer of Trichophyton mentagrophytes
      microconidial wall.
AB  - The rodlet layer of the microconidial wall of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was
      isolated and partially characterized. The purified microconidial walls were first
      extracted with urea (8M), mercaptoethanol (1%), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (1%)
      followed by enzymatic digestion with glusulase (snail intestinal enzymes) and
      purified (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucanase and chitinase. The purified rodlet layer
      was 15 to 30 nm thick and accounted for approximately 10% of the original wall
      weight. The pattern of rodlet patches, as revealed by electron microscopy of
      freeze-etched preparations of the isolated layer, was essentially the same as
      that observed on the intact microconidial wall. The rodlet layer was found to be
      resistant to most of the common organic solvents, cell wall lytic enzymes, mild
      acid treatments, and surface-active agents, but was solubilized in boiling 1 N
      NaOH with concomitant disorientation of the rodlet patterns. A melanin or melanin
      like pigment appeared to be intimately associated with this rodlet layer and was
      solubilized during a hot-alkali treatment. Protein (80 to 85%) and glucomannan (7
      to 10%) were the major components of the rodlet layer. The rodlet layer did not
      contain any appreciable amounts of lipid or phosphorus.

PMID- 956130
TI  - Electron microscope studies of conditional spore cortexless mutants of Bacillus
      sphaericus.
AB  - Spore cortex of conditional cortexless mutants of Bacillus sphaericus 9602 was
      not detectable by electron microscopy unless the medium was supplemented with
      meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid during sporulation. Other spore structures
      appeared normal. Spore shape was quite irregular in the absence of meso
      alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid.

PMID- 956131
TI  - Replication region fragments cloned from Flac+ are identical to EcoRI fragment f5
      of F.
AB  - The replication region fragments from Flac(+) cloned in plasmids pSC138 and pML31
      are identical with each other and with EcoRI fragment 5 of plasmid F.

PMID- 956132
TI  - Influence of secretory immunoglobulin A and purified secretory component on
      dextran-sucrase activity of Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - The net stimulation of dextransucrase EC 2.4.1.5) activity from Streptococcus
      mutans HS6 by dextran, secretory immunoglobulin A, or secretory component was
      investigated. Approximately equal stimulation resulted from treatment with these
      three components.

PMID- 956133
TI  - Studies on the subsite structure of amylases. III. Inhibition by gluconolactone
      of the hydrolysis of maltodextrin catalyzed by glucoamylase from Rhizopus niveus.
AB  - Inhibition by gluconic acid-1 : 5-lactone (gluconolactone) and phenyl alpha
      glucoside of the hydrolysis of maltodextrin catalyzed by glucoamylase [EC
      3.2.1.3] from Rhizopus niveus was investigated in relation to the subsite
      structure of the enzyme. Inhibition by gluconolactone was of the mixed type,
      whereas that by phenyl alpha-glucoside was purely competitive. These inhibition
      types were consistent with a theoretical prediction based on the assumption that
      gluconolactone and phenyl alpha-glucoside bind mainly to Subsites 1 and 2,
      respectively. The inhibitor constant of gluconolatone was determined to be 1.5
      mM, which is in good agreement with the dissociation constant estimated by
      difference spectrophotometry (1.5 mM) (Ohnishi, M, et al. (1975) J. Biochem, 77,
      695-703).

PMID- 956134
TI  - Separation of myosin subfragment-1 into fractions containing g1 chani and g2
      chain by Sepharose-adipic acid hydrazide-ATP column chromatography.
AB  - Subfragment-1 prepared by chymotryptic digestion of myosin was applied to a
      column of Sepharose-adipic acid hydrazide-ATP in 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris-HCL (PH
      7.6), and 40 mM KCL. Ninety-nine per cent of subfragment-1 was adsorbed on the
      column in this medium. Fourty-three per cent of the applied protein was eluted
      with 6 mM ADP in the above buffer and then 52% was eluted with 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM
      Tris-HCL (pH 7.6), AND 0.7 M KCL. The former fraction contained g3 chain and the
      latter g1 chain. These fractions were apparently the same as the components, p2
      and p1, respectively, isolated by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE
      cellulose (Yagi & Otani (1974) J. Biochem. 76, 365-373). No significant
      difference of ADP binding was found between the two fractions, both could bind
      about 0.5 mole per 10(5) g of protein. The preparation of the two subfragment-1
      fractions is described.

PMID- 956135
TI  - Spectral intermediates during the reduction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P
      450.
AB  - The slow reduction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 by dithionite consists of an
      initial fast and then a slow phase. During reduction of aniline and azide
      complexes with cytochrome P-450, an intermediate spectrum developed in the fast
      phase and changed to that of the reduced form in the slow phase. Only the spectra
      in the slow phase had an isosbestic point. No intermediate spectrum detectable
      during reduction of the cyanide complex and native-cytochrome P-450. Carbon
      monoxide accelerated the reaction, causing complete reduction in the initial
      phase. The electron spin resonance spectrum of cytochrome P450 was greatly
      reduced in the initial phase of reduction with dithionite. These results indicate
      that reduction of the aniline and azide complexes of cytochrome P-450 involves
      two steps: first reduction of cytochrome P-450 and then some changes in reduced
      state. The aniline and cyanide difference spectra of reduced cytochrome P-450
      showed peaks at 423 nm and 429 nm, respectively, while that of azide had a peak
      at 445 nm and a trough at 404 nm. An essay method to obtain the difference
      spectrum of reduced minus oxidized cytochrome P-450 using a spectral data
      processor is reported. The effects of other NADH-nonreducible pigments on the
      spectrum is eliminated by this procedure, provided these pigments are rapidly
      reduced by dithionite. Therefore, the spectrum obtained was slightly differed
      from that measured by the usual method, especially in the region of 425 nm.

PMID- 956136
TI  - The mechanism of activation of bovine prothrombin by an activator isolated from
      Echis carinatus venon and characterization of the new active intermediates.
AB  - Bovine prothrombin was activated, in both the absence and presence of
      dissopropyphosphofluoridate (DEP) and benzamidine, by an activator which was
      highly purified from the venom of Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper, ECV). The
      process of activation was monitored by sodium dodecysulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, and the reaction products were isolated and chemically
      characterized. In the absence of the inhibitors, prothrombin yielded two
      fragments with molecular weights of 28,000 and 57,000, of which the former was
      the N-terminal fragment of the zymogen and the latter was intermediate 1,
      consisting of a single polypeptide chain. Intermediate 1 was subsequently
      converted to an active intermediate, named intermediate ECV, without decrease of
      molecular weight. This new intermediate ECV, which showed little clotting
      activity but a strong alpha-N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterolytic
      activity and which bound with hirudin or antithrombin III, consisted of two
      polypeptide chains with molecular weights of 35,000 of 27,000 daltons. The former
      was indentified as the thrombin B chain with the N-terminal sequence Ile-Val-Glu
      Gly and C-terminal serine, and the latter was a fragment with N-terminal Ser-Gly
      Gly, linked to the thrombin A chain. On prolonged incubation, intermediate ECV
      autocaralytically yielded a fragment (inner fragment) of 14,000 daltons with N
      terminal serine and the clotting enzyme alpha-thrombin [EC 3.4.21.5], which
      consists of A and B chains. In the presence of the inhibitors, intermediate ECV
      and the N-terminal fragment were accumulated in the activation mixture. On the
      other hand, when prothrombin was activated by the venom activator in the presence
      of hirudin, antithrombin III, or p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate, it did not
      yield any fragments but was converted to a derivative with two polypeptide chains
      having molecular weights of 51,000 and 34,000 daltons, of which the former
      consisted of N-terminal fragment, the inner fragment, and thrombin A chain, and
      the latter was thrombin B chain. This new prothrombin derivative, named
      prothrombin ECV, formed a high-molecular-weight complex, associating with
      antithrombin III. The complex was not dissociable even in the presence of SDS.
      Moreover, prothrombin ECV reacted with p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate. On the
      basis of the results described above, the mechanism of activaton of prothrombin
      by Echis carinatus venom activator can be summarized as follows: The venom
      activator first cleaves an Arg-Ile bond liniking thrombin A and B chains in the
      zymogen molecule, forming an active derivative, prothrombin ECV. This active
      derivative converts autocatalytically to intermediate ECV, liberating the N
      terminal fragment, and active intermediate ECV generates alpha-thrombin,
      releasing the inner fragment. Thus, only a single peptide bond cleavage along the
      polypeptide chain of prothrombin is associated with activation by the venom
      activator...

PMID- 956137
TI  - Hybrid enzyme of liver phosphorylase and phosphorylase I.
AB  - A hybrid enzyme (LI) of liver phosphorylase [EC 2.4.1.1.] (L) and phosphorylase
      I, which is mainly located in brain, was isolated and its enzymatic and
      immunological properties were examined. The following results were obtained: (1)
      AMP stimulated the b forms of the hybrid (LIb), I(Ib), and L(Lb); (2) in the
      presence of AMP, SO42- stimulated Lb more than LIb and inhibited Ib; (3) in the
      absence of AMP, SO42- stimulated all three isozymes in the order: Ibeta less than
      LI less than Lbeta; (4) on conversion to the a forms, the activities of L, LI,
      and I increased 35.5-fold, 3-fold, and 1.2-fold, respectively; (5) the relative
      inhibition potencies of anti-Lb antibody with LIa and LIb were 63% and 4%,
      respectively of that with La, and those of anti-Ib antibody with LIa and LIb were
      42% and 88%, respectively of that with Ia. Since the ratios of the specific
      activities of purified La and Ia and of Lbeta and Ibeta are 70: 82 and 2 : 70,
      respectively (Schliselfeld, 1973), the present findings suggest a 1 : 1
      association of I and L subunits in the hybrid molecule.

PMID- 956138
TI  - Preparation of monovalent succinyl-concanavalin A and its mitogenic activity.
AB  - Monovalent succinyl-concanavalin A was prepared by photoaffinity labeling of
      succinyl-concanavalin A with p-azidophenyl a-D-mannopyranoside. This concanavalin
      A derivate showed a weak but definite mitogenic acitivity against mouse splenic
      lymphocytes and human peripheral lymphocytes, suggesting that direct receptor
      cross-linkage on the cell surface is not an obligatory prerequisite for the
      activation of lymphocytes.

PMID- 956139
TI  - Ovalbumin synthesis in a homologous cell-free system prepared from hen's oviduct.
AB  - Hen's oviduct polysomes are present in the precipitates prepared from the oviduct
      homogenates by low-speed centrifugation, in constrast other eukaryotic polysomes.
      The polysomes possessed synthesizing activity for ovalbumin. The amount of the
      released form of ovalbumin (soluble ovalbumin) synthesized in cell-free system A
      or B, consisting of the cell sap and the total ribosomal fraction or the
      polysomes, respectively, was about a half of that bound to the polysomes (nascent
      ovalbumin). The amount of soluble ovalbumin synthesized in cell-free system C,
      consisting of the pH 5 fraction and the polysomes, was only about 5% of that of
      nascnet ovalbumin. These results indicate that factors required to release
      nascent ovalbumin from polysomes are present in the pH 5 supernatant fraction.
      The soluble and nascent ovalbumins, which were purified by chromatography on a CM
      cellulose column and by the use of antiovalbumin antiserum, respectively, seemed
      to be elongation products the initiations of which were supposed to occur in the
      oviducts before preparation of the cell-free system. The initiated chains in
      vitro were found to exist as nascent peptides bound to polysomes. Thus, the cell
      free systems prepared in the present study lacked the ability to complete
      initiated peptide chains. The soluble ovalbumin synthesized in the cell-free
      systems was indentical with ovalbumin A1 containing two residues of phosphates,
      which was crystallized from hen's egg-white and was different soluble ovalbumin
      devoid of the prosthetic group (ovalbumin A3) prepared in the oviduct minces.
      This result suggests that an enzyme necessary for incorporation of the phosphate
      is present in the cell sap.

PMID- 956140
TI  - Biological process of carbohydrate attachment to ovalbumin.
AB  - Dithiothreitol or glutathione, essential for amino acid incorporation into
      polypeptides in cell-free systems, inhibited glucosamine incorporation into
      ovalbumin, a glycoprotein containing about three residues of N-acetylucosamine
      and about five residues of mannose. However, the thiol was necessary for mannose
      incorporation into ovalbumin in cell-free system prepared from hen's oviducts.
      The two monosaccharides were incorporated into soluble ovalbumin (intracellular
      ovalbumin released from the polysomes, corresponding to ovalbumin A3 which
      contains no phosphate and probably no carbohydrate) present in cell sap which was
      prepared from homogenates of minced oviducts by ultracentrifugation. It was
      difficult to study the incorporation of the carbohydrates into ovalbumin in
      connection with synthesis of the protein using the crude cell-free system. The
      incorporation of glucosamine and mannose into various forms of ovalbumin was
      therefore studied using minced oviducts. It was concluded from the incorporation
      of the two radioactive monsaccharides and of amino acids into the extracellular,
      soluble and nascent protein fractions that all the carbohydrate moieties were not
      incorporated into the growing polypeptides bound to polysomes, but were
      incorporated into ovalbumin molecules released from polysomes after synthesis had
      been completed.

PMID- 956141
TI  - Synthesis of ribosomal structural proteins by postmitochondrial supernatant from
      regenerating rat liver.
AB  - 1. When the postmitochondrial supernatant (PM-supernatant) from regenerating rat
      liver was incubated with [3H]methionine, the incorporation of [3H]methinoine into
      the N-terminal residues of nascent peptides on ribosomes was observed. This
      incorporation was sensitive to a low cocentration (2X10(-6) M) of pactamycin. The
      results suggest that PM-supernatant has low but definite activity for the
      initiation of nascent protein synthesis. Polysomes and cell sap from regenerating
      rat liver showed negligible pactamycin-sensitive incorporation of [3H]methionine
      into N-terminal, residues of nascent peptides. 2. PM-supernatant from
      regenerating rat liver was incubated with [35S]methionine in the complete
      reaction mixture. After addition of ribosomal proteins labelled with
      [3H]methionine in vivo, ribosomal structural proteins were prepared from the
      incubation mixture by acetic acid extraction, CM-cellulose column chromatography,
      Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and finally by two-dimensional acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Incorporation was observed in the greater part of ribosomal
      proteins on the two dimensional gel. From the 35S-to-3H ratios of ribsomal
      protein fractions during the purification procedures, it appeared that the
      incorporation of labelled methionine into the ribosomal proteins by PM
      supernatant was about 3% of that into the total proteins. When [3H]leucine was
      used, the values were about 4% in the same cell-free system and 5 to 6% in in
      vivo labelling. The results indicate that ribosomal proteins are synthesized with
      high efficiency by PM-supernatant from regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 956142
TI  - Effects of polyamines on in vitro dna synthesis by DNA polymerases from calf
      thymus.
AB  - DNA synthesizing reactions catalyzed both large and small species of calf thymus
      DNA polymerase (DNA polymerase-alpha and -beta) [EC 2.7.7.7] were stimulated to
      comparable extents by the presence of spermidine or spermine, and it was not
      possible to differentiate these two species in terms of their sensitivities to
      polyamines. Optimal concentrations for stimulation were 0.5-1.0 mM for spermidine
      and 2-10 mjM for spermine. Excess polyamines strongly inhibited the reactions.
      The modes of stimulation were as follows: 1) Stimulation was observed with
      templates bearing long single-stranded sections when either natural DNA or
      synthetic homopolymer-oligomer duplex was used. 2) The nautral DNA-dependent
      reaction was stimulated by polyamines at suboptimal concentrations of Mg2+; the
      apparent Km value for Mg2+ was lowered on adding polyamines, while the Vmax value
      was unchanged. When synthetic homopolymer-oligomer duplex was used as a template,
      the reaction was stimulated spermidine even at the optimal concentration of Mn2+.
      3) Polyamines markedly influenced the salt requirements of the reactions of DNA
      polymerase. Spermidine could replace salts such as KC1 or NaC1 at concentrations
      less than 1/100 of those of salts.

PMID- 956143
TI  - Some enzymatic properties of 3beta-hydroxysteroid oxidase produced by
      Streptomyces violascens.
AB  - The 3beta-hydroxysteroid oxidase produced by Streptomyces violascens was purified
      from the culture broth by procedures including batch-wise treatment on DEAE
      cellulose, ammonium sulfate fraction, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, and column
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The highly purified enzyme preparation
      exhibited no significant absorption maxima in the visible region other than a
      maximum at 280 nm. Optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were
      approximately pH 7.5 and 50 degree, respectively. The Michaelis constant (Km) for
      cholesterol determined under two different experimental conditions were 4.5 and
      6.7 X 10(-4) M. The enzymatic activity was remarkably inhibited by various metal
      salts such as FeC1(3), FeSO4, AgNO3, etc. On the other hand, neither EDTA nor Fe
      chelating agents had any inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity, while other
      metal-binding agents, KCN and NaN3, caused significant inhibition. The enzyme
      activity was inhibited almost completely by N-bromosuccinimide and iodine but not
      p-chloromercuribenzoate. The highly purified enzyme did not require any external
      electron acceptors other than oxygen. In addition, the activity was not
      influenced by the addition of external electron donors. The enzyme showed a high
      substrate specificity for 3beta-hydroxysteroids and the relative oxidation rates
      were 100 for cholesterol, 91 for 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol, 83 for pregn-5
      en3beta-ol-one, 80 for androst-5-en-3beta-ol-17-one, 64 for 5alpha-androstan
      3beta-ol-17-one, ect. The oxidation of cholesterol by the enzyme was remarkably
      inhibited by the addition of 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one,
      5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol, 5alpha-cholestane3beta, 5alpha-doil or 5alpha-lanosta
      8, 24-den 3beta-ol. These findings indicate the present enzyme belongs to the
      class of 3beta-hydroxysteroid oxidase but some of its physical and enzymatic
      properties obviously differ from those of 3beta-hyroxysteroid oxidase of
      Brevibacterium.

PMID- 956144
TI  - Purification and properties of a four iron-four sulfur protein from a Pseudomonas
      species.
AB  - We have isolated an iron-sulfur proteins from a Pseudomonas species grown on
      glucose. This protein has different properties from the two known iron-sulfur
      proteins isolated from other Pseudomonas species: rubredoxin and putidaredoxin.
      The iron-sulfur protein was purified to homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The absorption spectrum of the
      oxidized iron-sulfur protein shows a peak at 283 nm with shoulders at about 290,
      320, and 410 nm. The protein contains 4 g atoms of iron and 4 moles of labile
      sulfur per mole of protein, and has a molecular weight of approximately 14,000.
      The amino acid composition of the protein shows a predominance of acidic amino
      acids. The Pseudomonas protein was found to be active for both photosynthetic
      nicotinamide nucleotide reduction by chloroplasts and cytochrome c reduction by
      spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase [EC 1.6.7.1]. On the basis of these results,
      this protein appears to be unique among all known ferredoxins. From an
      evolutionary point of view, it appears to be more closely related to Azotobacter
      ferredoxin than to Desulfovibrio ferredoxin.

PMID- 956145
TI  - Interaction of hydrophobic probes with the apoenzyme of pig heart lipoamide
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The interaction of hydrophobic probes, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) and
      4-benzoylamido-4'-aminostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonate (MBAS), with pig heart
      lipoamide dehydrogenase [NADH: lipoamide oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.3] was
      investigated. When ANS or MBAS was mixed with the apoenzyme of lipoamide
      dehydrogenase, the fluorescence quantum yield, of each dye was enhancedd markedly
      and the emission maxima concurrently shifted to the blue. The quantum yield,
      0.038, of ANS bound to the apoenzyme, calculated from the corrected emission
      spectrum, was eight times higher than that in buffer solution, and the value,
      0.0090, for bound MBAS was eighteen times higher than that in buffer solution.
      Moreover, the absortion bands of both ANS and MBAS shifted to the red upon
      binding with the apoenzyme. A general feature of the absorption spectra of these
      dyes observed on changing the solvent from polar to apolar was a red shift of the
      absorption bands. These results indicate that ANS or MBAS bound to the apoenzyme
      of lipoamide dehydrogenase is situated in a hydrophobic region of the apoenzyme
      molecule. It was found that 2 moles of each dye was bound per mole of the
      apoenzyme, which contains two polypeptide chains. The dissociation constants for
      the ANS- and MBAS-apoenzyme complexes were estimated to be 1.03X10(-5) and
      1.54X10(-5) M, respectively. The enhanced fluorescence of both dyes bound to the
      apoenzyme decreased linearly upon adding FAD and disappeared at about 2 moles of
      FAD per mole of the apoenzyme. This suggests that both ANS and MBAS were
      displaced from their binding sites on the apoenzyme by FAD. The protein
      fluorescence spectrum of the apoenzyme had a maximum at 352 nm, which was blue
      shifted by 6 nm from that of tryptophan in the buffer. Upon binding ANS or MBAS,
      the maximum of the protein fluorescence of the apoenzyme returned to 350 nm for
      the holoenzyme, and the fluorescence intensity decreased. Thus, the conformation
      around some tryptophan residues was affected by the binding of the dyes. When
      guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) was added to the ANS-apoenzyme complex solution,
      the enhanced fluorescence due to the bound ANS decreased and the emission maximum
      concurrently shifted to the red. Further, the maximum of the protein fluorescence
      of the apoenzyme shifted to the red, indicating the exposure of some tryptophan
      residues buried in an apolar region of the apoenzyme. Thus the binding of ANS to
      the apoenzyme was inhibited by protein denaturation due to GuHCL. In contrast,
      the holoenzyme of lipoamide dehydrogenase did not bind ANS or MBAS at all.

PMID- 956146
TI  - Synergistic action of two different types of endo-cellulase components from Irpex
      lacteus (Polyporus tulipiferae) in the hydrolysis of some insoluble celluloses.
AB  - The substrate specificities of three endo-cellulase [EC 3.2.1.4] components, F-1,
      F-2, and S-1, obtained from the culture filtrate of Irpex lacteus (Polyporus
      tulipiferae), were investigated in detail. It was confirmed that the former is of
      a more random type, belonging to the carboxymethyl-cellulase (CMCcase) group, and
      the latter two are of a less random type, beloning to the Avicelase group. It was
      found that a mixture of CMCase and Avicelase shows a remarkable synergistic
      action in the degradation of cotton and Avicel and that CMCase lowers the degree
      of polymerization of both cotton and CM-cellulose faster than Avicelases,
      relative to the production of reducing sugar. Thus, it was assumed that cotton
      and similar cellulosic substrates were degraded mainly by the synergistic action
      of these cellulase components produced by this celluloytic fungus.

PMID- 956147
TI  - Effect of albumin and methylated albumin on the glucose permeability of lipid
      membranes.
AB  - The diffusion of glucose from phospholipid membranes has been measured in the
      presence of serum albumin or methylated serum albumin. At neutral pH, serum
      albumin enhanced the rate at which glucose diffused from liposomes containing
      more than a certain amount of lysolecithin. Net charge of the membrane is not
      important for the reaction, since positively charged membranes containing
      stearylamine showed almost the same reactivity as negatively charged liposomes
      containing dicetyl phosphate. Carboxylmethylated albumin showed enhancement of
      the diffusion rate of glucose from negatively but not from positively charged
      liposomes. The amount of methylated albumin required to affect liposomes was much
      smaller than the amount of albumin required to damage liposomes containing
      lysolecithin. Cholesterol incorporation suppressed the sensitivity of liposomes
      to both proteins, albumin and methylated albumin. The effect of temperature and
      fatty acid composition of phospholipids on the sensitivity of liposomes to
      proteins suggests the importance of the fluidity of the membrane, especially in
      the case of methylated albumin.

PMID- 956148
TI  - Properties of liposomal membranes composed of short-chain lecithins.
AB  - Permeability properties of multilamellar liposomes prepared from synthetic,
      saturated short-chain (C8, C10, C12) lecithins (3-sn-phosphatidyl choline) were
      studied. Dioctanoyllecithin, didecanoyllecithin, and dilauroyllecithin form
      "stable" bilayers which are practically impermeable to glucose when prepared with
      proportions of more than 1.2, 0.75, and 0.6 of cholesterol (molar ratio to
      phospholipid), respectively. Dioctanoyllecithin liposomes were rather leaky above
      30 degrees, even when a proportion of 1.5 of cholesterol (molar ratio to
      lecithin) was incorporated. Judging from their sensitivities to temperature,
      Triton X-100, serum albumin, and other reagents, short-chain lecithin bilayers
      show characteristic properties, different from those of both saturated long-chain
      lecithins (dipalmitoyllecithin and dimyristoyllecithin) and lecithins having
      unsaturated fatty acid residues (egg lecithin and dioleoyllecithin).

PMID- 956149
TI  - Fragmentation of rat serum albumin by cyanogen bromide cleavage and the amino
      acid sequences of four fragments.
AB  - Rat serum albumin was cleaved into seven peptides by cyanogen bromide treatment
      followed by reduction and carboxymethylation. The amino acid composition and the
      N-terminus of each peptide and the amino acid sequences of four peptides were
      determined by conventional methods. An alignment of these peptides in the
      original protein was proposed in the light of the established sequences of bovine
      and human plasma albumin.

PMID- 956150
TI  - Fluorometric method for assay of kallikrein-like arginine esterases.
AB  - The fluorometric method of Nash for determination of methanol was applied in
      assay of kallikrein-like arginine esterases using N-a-tosyl-L-arginine methyl
      ester (TAME) as substrate. The results obtained using this method corresponded
      well with those obtained in the usual colorimetric methods using hydroxamate,
      chromotropic acid, and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone and the present
      method was more sensitive than these colorimetric methods.

PMID- 956151
TI  - Primary structure of bovine plasma high-molecular-weight kininogen. The amino
      acid sequence of a glycopeptide portion (fragment 1) following the C-terminus ot
      the bradykinin moiety.
AB  - On incubation of bovine plasma high-molecular-weight (HMW) kininogen with
      purified plasma kallikrein [EC 3.4.21.8], a large glycopeptide fragment and the
      vasoactive peptide, bradykinin, were initially liberated; the former, named
      fragment 1-2, was subsequently cleaved into fragment 1 (glycopeptide) and the
      previously established fragment 2 (histidine-rich peptide). The isolated fragment
      1-2 contained a total of 108 to 110 amino acid residues and carbohydrates, and
      the amino-terminal sequence Ser-Val-Gln was established. The other fragment,
      fragment 1, consisted of a total of 69 amino acid residues with serine and
      arginine (and lysine) at the amino and carboxyl termini, respectively. It
      contained eleven residues each of histidine and glycine, together with an
      oligosaccharide chain consisting of galactosamine, hexose and sialic acid. The
      complete amino acid sequence of fragment 1 was determined by Edman degradation
      and standard enzymatic and chemical techniques. These results established the
      following sequence: H-Ser-Val-Gln-Val-Met-Lys-Thr-Glu-Gly-Ser-Thr-Pro/Thr-Val
      Ser(CHO)-Val/Leu-Pro-His-Ser-Ala-Met-Ser-Pro-Val-Gln-Asp-Glu-Glu-Arg-Asp-Ser-Gly
      Lys-Glu-Gln-Gly-Pro-Thr-His-Gly-His-Gly-Trp-Asp-His-Gly-Lys-Gln-Ile-Lys-Leu-His
      Gly-Leu-Gly-Leu-Gly-His-Lys-His-Lys-His-Asp-Gln-Gly-His-Gly-His-His-Lys/ArgOH.

PMID- 956152
TI  - Purification and characterization of a proteinase from pineapple fruit, fruit
      bromelain FA2.
AB  - Fruit bromelain FA2, the main proteinase component of the juice of pineapple
      fruit, has been purified and characterized. 1. Efficient extraction of this
      enzyme from the crude material was possible using "Cellulosin AP," a microbial
      polysaccharidase preparation containing cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase.
      The enzyme was purified mainly by successive applications of anion-exchange
      chromatography, yielding an apparently homogeneous protein as judged by several
      physical, chemical, and immunochemical criteria. Properties of FA2 include:
      molecular weight, 31,000; isoelectric point, pH 4.6; absorbance at 280 nm of a 1%
      solution at pH 7.0 per cm, 19.2. 2. FA2 gave only alanine phenylthiohydantoin
      upon amino-terminal group analysis by the Edman procedure. Stepwise degradation
      yielded the amino-terminal sequence Ala-Val-Pro-Gln-Ser-Ile-Asp-Trp-Arg-Asp-Tyr
      Gly-Ala. The amino acid composition of FA2 was not markedly different from that
      of stem bromelain, except for a much smaller lysine content and a smaller alanine
      content relative to glycine in FA2. FA2 contained neither amino sugars nor
      neutral carbohydrates as determined by several methods, so FA2 is not a
      glycoprotein. 3. By labeling the reactive cysteine residue (CYS) with
      [14C]iodoacetate, the following partial amino acid sequence has been determined.
      Asn-Glx-Asn-Pro-Cys-Gly-Ala-CYS.

PMID- 956153
TI  - Protein synthesis in a cell-free system from an extreme thermophile. Effects of
      preincubation in the cold on polyuridylic acid-dependent polyphenylalanine
      synthesis at high temperature.
AB  - 1. It was found that preincubation of the reaction mixture in the cold enhanced
      polyuridylic acid-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis by a cell-free extract of
      Thermus thermophilus HB8 at high temperature. 2. The effect of preincubation was
      most marked at 10-25 degrees in the presence of 20 mM Mg2+. Preincubation at 65
      degrees failed to stimulate the incorporation. 3. The presence of phenylalanyl
      tRNA, polyuridylic acid, and ribosomes was essential for preincubation in the
      cold to be effective. 4. A ternary complex of amino acyl-tRNA, polyuridylic acid,
      and a ribosome formed at low temperature was isolated by CPG-10 column
      chromatography; the isolated complex initiated polyphenylalanine synthesis
      effectively at high temperature. 5. The amount of the ternary complex formed
      depends on the preincubation time and the concentration of Mg2+. Since the amount
      of the complex correlated positively to the rate of polyphenylalanine synthesis
      at high temperature, the effectiveness of preincubation in the cold is presumably
      due to the formation of the ternary complex of phenylalanyl-tRNA, polyuridylic
      acid, and a ribosome.

PMID- 956154
TI  - Properties and subunit structure of pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.4.1] was separated from the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 150,000 by
      sedimentation equilibrium methods. The enzyme was dissociated into two subunits
      (alpha and beta), with estimated molecular weights of 41,000 (alpha) and 36,000
      (beta), respectively, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. The subunits were separated by phosphocellulose column chromatography
      and their chemical properties were examined. The subunit structure of the
      pyruvate dehydrogenase was assigned as alpha2beta2. The content of right-handed
      alpha-helix in the enzyme molecule was estimated to be about 29 and 28% by
      optical rotatory dispersion and by circular dichroism, respectively. The enzyme
      contained no thiamine-PP, and its dehydrogenase activity was completely dependent
      on added thiamine-PP and partially dependent on added Mg2+ and Ca2+. The Km value
      of pyruvate dehydrogenase for thiamine diphosphate was estimated to be 6.5 X 10(
      5) M in the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+. The enzyme showed highly specific activity
      for thiamine-PP dependent oxidation of both pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate, but
      it also showed some activity with alpha-ketovalerate, alpha-ketoisocaproate, and
      alpha-ketoisovalerate. The pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was strongly inhibited
      by bivalent heavy metal ions and by sulfhydryl inhibitors; and the enzyme
      molecule contained 27 moles of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-reactive
      sulfhydryl groups and a total of 36 moles of sulfhydryl groups. The inhibitory
      effect of p-chloromercuribenzoate was prevented by preincubating the enzyme with
      thiamine-PP plus pyruvate. The structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase necessary for
      formation of the complex is also reported.

PMID- 956155
TI  - Hybridization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in borate.
AB  - Conditions for the hybridization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (GPD) [EC 1.2.1.12] in the presence of dilute borate were examined with horseshoe
      crab and rabbit GPDs. Hybridization was strongly dependent upon pH, borate
      concentration, and temperature. The optimum medium for hybridization was 10mM
      Tris-HCl-1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol-1mM EDTA containing 10-20 mM borate, pH 8.5-9.0.
      Hybridization was performed by incubation of two electrophoretically distinct
      GPDs at 30 degrees for 3-15 hr in the above medium at a protein concentration of
      1-2 mg/ml. The time course of hybridization was analyzed under the optimized
      conditions. Symmetrical A2B2-type hybrid appeared only 5 min after incubation for
      1 hr. Hybridization of GPDs from 7 different species was examined under the
      optimal conditions. Hybridization was detected with rabbit-horseshoe crab, yeast
      rabbit, yeast-chicken, and chicken-horseshoe crab combinations. Subunit-subunit
      interaction, the mechanism of hybridization, and the structure of GPD are
      discussed based on the results obtained.

PMID- 956156
TI  - A simple fluorometric assay for type B monoamine oxidase activity in rat tissues.
AB  - A simple fluorometric assay for monoamine oxidase (MAO) [EC 1.4.3.4] activity
      towards beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) was devised. The procedure consists in
      measuring the disappearance of PEA fluorometrically. The disappearance of PEA was
      completely inhibited by pargyline, a potent inhibitor of MAO. MAO activity for
      PEA was linear with 10 mg to 100 mg of liver tissue in 3 ml of reaction mixture
      for up to 90 min of incubation. Using this method, the V max values and the
      apparent Km values of MAO for PEA in several rat tissues were determined, and
      compared with those for benzylamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).

PMID- 956157
TI  - Effect of priming doses of chemically modified antigen on helper activity.
AB  - Mice primed with chemically modified bacterial alpha-amylase (BalphaA) [EC
      3.2.1.1 alpha-amylase, B. subtilis], which was neither cross-reactive with anti
      BalphaA antibody nor able to induce a humoral anti-BalphaA antibody response,
      developed enhanced responses to a subsequent challenge with native BalphaA
      (Nakashima et al. (1974) J. Biochem. 76, 349-357). The present studies were
      designed to examine the relationship of priming doses of BalphaA derivatives to
      the level of enhancement of the helper activity. Increasing the priming dose of
      modified antigens resulted in a greater degree of helper cell response until the
      maximal level of enhancement was reached. When injections for priming and
      challenge were given intraperitoneally, priming doses of D-BalphaA, M-BalphaA,
      and RM-BalphaA required for the maximal enhancement of helper activity were about
      15, 50, and 15 mug, respectively. Further increase in the priming dose,
      conversely, resulted in suppressin of the enhanced helper activity, irrespective
      of whether the time interval between priming and challenge was 10 or 28 days.
      Suppression of the enhanced helper activity upon excessive dose priming with
      modified BalphaA derivatives was not specific for the anti-BalphaA antibody
      response. On the basis of these results it is suggested that this phenomenon of
      suppression might be partly accounted for by the regulatory mechanism functioning
      in antigenic competition.

PMID- 956158
TI  - The effect of temperature on ribose-5-phosphate isomerase from a mesophile,
      Thiobacillus thioparus, and a thermophile, Bacillus caldolyticus.
AB  - The enzyme ribose-5-phosphate isomerase [EC 5.3.1.6] was partially purified from
      a mesophilic organism, Thiobacillus thioparus, and from an extreme thermophile,
      Bacillus caldolyticus. The stability and kinetics of the two enzymes were
      compared with regard to temperature in the presence of a series of neutral salts
      and alcohols. The thermal stability of both enzymes was altered such that the
      salts (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, KCl, and LiCl increased stability, while LiBr, CaCl2,
      methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol decreased stability. Ethylene glycol had little
      effect on the mesophilic enzyme, but increased the stability of the thermophilic
      protein. The kinetics of both enzymes were also affected by the salts and
      alcohols, and Arrhenius plots of two kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, displayed
      discontinuities, or sharp changes in slope, at characteristic temperatures, TD.
      Neutral salts and alcohols altered the temperature of discontinuity in a sequence
      similar to that observed in studies of thermal stability. It is suggested that
      the slope change is due to temperature-dependent alterations in the enzymes at
      specific, but undefined, loci at the active site, although no evidence is offered
      for the absence of a larger conformation change in the entire enzyme.

PMID- 956159
TI  - Macromolecular components of the vitelline membrane of hen's egg. II.
      Physicochemical properties of glycoprotein I.
AB  - Of the three major macromolecular components of the vitelline membrane of hen's
      egg, the lowest molecular weight component (previously designated component I)
      has been studied and its physicochemical properties clarified. The molecular
      weight of this component is 27,000 and its chemical composition is typical of a
      glycoprotein, consisting of protein (91%), total hexose (4.4%), hexosamine
      (glucosamine 2.3%; galactosamine 0.7%), and sialic acid (1.7%). Uronic acid was
      not found. The molar ratios of the constituent neutral sugars of this
      glycoprotein (GP-1) are as follows: fucose 3, mannose 5, galactose 5, glucose 1,
      and xylose 1. The amino acid profile shows a relatively high proportion of
      hydrophobic amino acids (39%), which may partly account for the insolubility of
      GP-I in water.

PMID- 956160
TI  - Roles of nucleoside triphosphates in microtubule assembly.
AB  - Depolymerization of microtubules in the ATP-reassembly buffer permitted the
      preparation of GDPETNGTP. Incubation of this tubulin fraction at 35 degrees with
      ATP induced the phosphorylation of E-site GDP into GTP, which was then
      dephosphorylated during microtubule assembly. Incubation of GDPETNGTP with
      phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase [EC 2.7.1.40] also induced
      polymerization. Depolymerization of microtubules in the GTP-reassembly buffer
      yielded GTPETNGTP, which was capable of polymerizing into microtubules even in
      the absence of free GTP. In the presence of 4 M glycerol, GDPETNGTP assembled
      into microtubules with no change in the bound nucleotides.

PMID- 956162
TI  - Wash drawing for medical art.

PMID- 956161
TI  - Biostereometrics and the communication of biological form.
AB  - Biostereometrics-the spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of biological form and
      function based on principles geometry-is a modern approach to the measurement and
      analysis of biological form which recognizes that organic structures are
      irregular and three-dimensional (or four-dimensional, as in movement or growth).
      Stereometric sensors of various types are used to determine the coordinates of
      points distributed over the surface (internal or external). The resulting data
      provide a more comprehensive, parsimonious and unambiguous spatial quantification
      than heretofore possible using traditional lengths, breadths, and circumferences.
      Recent and prospective biomedical applications are described.

PMID- 956163
TI  - Steroidogenesis in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal coretx. I. Isolation and
      some properties of mitochondria from the zona glomerulosa of the bovine adrenal
      cortex.
AB  - Isolation procedures for mitochondria from the zona glomerulosa of the bovine
      adrenal cortex are described and the properties of the mitochondria thus prepared
      are compared with those isolated from the zona fasciculoreticularis. The cristal
      membranes of mitochondria in the zona glomerulosa in situ are tubular or
      tubulovesicular, whereas those of mitochondria in the zona fasciculoreticularis
      in situ are vesicular. When mitochondria are isolated from the former zone, they
      invariably showed the condensed configuration regardless of isolation media,
      whereas those isolated from the latter zone in an ST medium showed the orthodox
      configuration. When Ca2+ was added to mitochondria isolated either from the zona
      glomerulosa or the zona fasciculoreticularis in an STE medium in the condensed
      configuration, a transition from the condensed to the orthodox configuration tool
      place; the cristal membranes of mitochondria from the zona glomerulosa became
      tubular or tubulovesicular and those of mitochondria from the zona
      fasciculoreticularis became vesicular. Contaminations of mitrochondria of the
      zona glomerulosa with other cellular organelles were examined using various
      marker enzymes. There was no difference in cytochrome content between
      mitochondria of the two zones specified above. The coupling efficiency of
      mitochondria of the zona glomerulosa was found to be remarkably effected by
      temperature during the isolation procedures. Effects of various substrates,
      isolation media, and bovine serum albumin on the coupling efficiency of
      mitochondria of the zona glomerulosa are also described.

PMID- 956164
TI  - The mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator.

PMID- 956165
TI  - Mechanism of activation of bovine factor VII. Products of cleavage by factor Xa.
AB  - Coagulation Factor VII from bovine plasma is a glycoprotein containing a single
      peptide chain. The NH2-terminal sequence of Ala-Asx-Gly-Phe-Leu- is homologous
      with the NH2 termini of prothrombin, Factor IX, and the light chain of Factor X.
      Factor Xa in the presence of calcium ions and phospholipid cleaves Factor VII at
      an Arg-Ile bond in the sequence Arg-Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-, producing a two-chain
      molecule with at least 85 times the coagulant activity of single-chain Factor VII
      and a new NH2-terminal sequence homologous with the corresponding chains of
      thrombin, Factor IXa and Factor Xa. A second slower cleavage at an Arg-Gly bond
      destroys Factor VII activity. Bovine Factor VII, unlike prothrombin, Factor IX,
      and Factor X, is rapidly inhibited by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (iPr2PF).
      [3H]iPr2PF is readily incorporated into one-chain, two-chain, and three-chain
      forms of Factor VII up to ratios of approximately 0.9 moles of
      [3H]diisopropylphosphate per mole of protein. The radioactive peptides generated
      from each form of [32P]iPr2PF-inhibited Factor VII by tryptic and thermolytic
      digestion were found to migrate together on paper electrophoresis. This indicates
      that the iPr2PF is incorporated stoichiometrically into the same specific site in
      each form.

PMID- 956166
TI  - Effect of estradiol on rat uterus DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Studies on
      solubilized enzymes.
AB  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of immature and castrated rat uteri were studied
      after estradiol administration. The enzymes were solubilized from either whole
      uterus homogenate or nuclei and their activities were measured on an exogenous
      DNA template. alpha-Amanitin was used to distinguish alpha-amanitin-resistant
      from alpha-amanitin-senitive forms of the enzyme. The number of alpha-amanitin
      sensitive RNA polymerase molecules was measured by a binding assay using labeled
      amanitin. In the first series of experiments RNA polymerases were solubilized
      from whole uterus homogenate. alpha-Amanitin-sensitive and -resistant activities
      were constant during the first 6 hours after estradiol treatment, followed by a
      late and moderate increase in their activities (50% at 12 hours for the resistant
      form and 40% at 24 hours for the sensitive form). The number of sensitive
      polymerase molecules evolved in an identical manner to its activity (+40% at 24
      hours), suggesting that the increase in activity is due to the synthesis of new
      enzyme molecules. For both forms, no diffusible stimulatory factor was detected
      in the uterus of hormone-treated animals. In the second series of experiments,
      disrupted nuclei were washed with 0.15 M (NH4)2SO4 in order to release only
      enzyme molecules which were not firmly bound to DNA in a transcription complex.
      The amount of the sensitive form of polymerase which remains firmly bound to
      chromatin, was constant for 6 hours after estradiol administration and was
      doubled by 24 hours. The firmly bound alpha-amanitin-resistant activity was
      solubilized and was measured in the presence of an exogenous template. There was
      a progressive increase in activity first detectable in 1 to 2 hours, amounting to
      50% at 6 hours and 100% at 24 hours. The reported results show that during the
      first 6 hours of hormone treatment: (a) the total content of RNA polymerases
      remains unchanged in the uterus; (b) the number of alpha-amanitin resistant
      molecules tightly bound to DNA increases progressively while the alpha-amanitin
      sensitive remains constant. At a later time (24 hours), an increase is observed
      both for the total amount of enzymes and for their fraction engaged in a
      transcription complex.

PMID- 956167
TI  - Free ribosomes in physiologically nondividing cells. Human peripheral
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Ribosomes of physiologically nondividing human peripheral blood lymphocytes were
      studied by ultraviolet absorbance measurements of cytoplasmic extracts subjected
      to ultracentrifugation in sucrose gradients at high and low ionic strength. At
      least 70% of the total cytoplasmic ribosomes were free ribosomes which sedimented
      at 80 S in low salt and dissociated to 40 S and 60 S subunits in high salt. These
      particles were not involved in protein synthesis. The remaining ribosomes were
      equally divided among native subunits, active monosomes, and larger polysomes.
      Free ribosomes were shown to exist as 80 S particles in the intact cell, and
      labeling studies indicated that they did not freely return to the pools of
      protein-synthesizing components. New ribosomes appeared first as native subunits
      and in polysomes. After a lag of 15 to 20 min, the particles began to enter the
      free ribosome pool. Thus, free ribosomes arise in the resting cell by a
      unidirectional flow which continuously removes particles from the protein
      synthesizing pool and sequesters them as an accumulation of inactive 80 S
      particles. The transition from native subunits to free ribosomes is accompanied
      by functional changes in association behavior of subunits and by alteration of
      sedimentation behavior of the subunits. These changes may be due to absence of a
      protein or proteins from the free ribosomes which is required to permit effective
      dissociation of subunits prior to initiation of translation. Deficiency of this
      dissociation factor may be responsible for the continuous formation of free
      ribosomes in resting cells. Our data also suggest a limitation of the rate of
      initiation of protein synthesis which may result from deficiency of an initiation
      factor.

PMID- 956168
TI  - Characteristics of acetaldehyde oxidation in rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - Rat liver mitochondria oxidized acetaldehyde (180 muM) at the rate of
      approximately 12 nmol/min/mg of protein at 37 degrees. This was stimulated by 88%
      with the addition of ADP. The ADP/O ratio (2.6) was similar to that with
      glutamate as substrate. 2,4-Dinitrophenol and phenazine methosulfate also
      stimulated the rate of acetaldehyde oxidation in the mitochondria. By contrast,
      acetaldehyde metabolism was virtually abolished by rotenone and antimycin A.
      These results indicate that acetaldehyde oxidation is linked to the mitochondrial
      respiratory chain and coupled with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
      Indeed, little acetaldehyde was metabolized when mitochondrial membranes were
      disrupted by sodium deoxycholate. In the disrupted mitochondria, however,
      acetaldehyde oxidation was fully recovered by addition of NAD+, suggesting that
      the ability of mitochondria to supply NAD+ controls the rate of acetaldehyde
      oxidation in intact mitochondria. The stimulatory effect of ADP on mitochondrial
      acetaldehyde oxidation was diminished by increasing the acetaldehyde
      concentration. Concomitantly, the ADP/O ratio decreased, suggesting an inhibitory
      effect of high concentrations of acetaldehyde on mitochondrial respiration.
      Chronic feeding of ethanol significantly reduced the capacity of intact liver
      mitochondria to oxidize acetaldehyde. This was associated with a significant
      reduction of the mitochondrial respiration. By contrast, the activity of aldehyde
      dehydrogenase in disrupted mitochondria remained unchanged.

PMID- 956169
TI  - Stereospecific, high affinity binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by
      hepatic cytosol. Evidence that the binding species is receptor for induction of
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase.
AB  - We previously hypothesized that the genetic trait of aromatic hydrocarbon
      nonresponsiveness (the failure in certain inbred strains of mice of polycyclic
      hydrocarbons to induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, and the diminished
      sensitivity to the more potent inducer 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
      is due to mutation which results in an induction receptor with a diminished
      affinity for the inducing compound. Following the intraperitoneal administration
      of [14C]TCDD (6 nmol/kg), hepatic accumulation of the radiolabel was greatest in
      C57BL/6J mice, intermediate in the hybrid B6D2F1/J mice, and least in DBA/2J
      mice, a pattern which mirrors the strain sensitivity to hydroxylase induction by
      TCDD (C57BL/6J greater than B6D2F1/J greater than DBA/2J). These data are
      compatible with receptor mutation theory and suggested that the hepatic uptake of
      TCDD is determined by the affinity of the receptor. In vitro experiments on the
      binding of [3H]TCDD to hepatic cytosol from C57BL/6J mice revealed a small pool
      of high affinity sites which stereospecifically and reversibly bind TCDD. The
      specific binding of [3H]TCDD to hepatic cytosol had an equilibrium dissociation
      constant KD of 0.27 nM and a maximum binding capacity of 84 fmol/mg of cytosol
      protein. Much less high affinity specific binding of [3H]TCDD was observed in
      hepatic cytosol from DBA/2J mice, but the KD was not estimated because of the
      limited aqueous solubility of the ligand. The binding affinity of 23 halogenated
      dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans for this hepatic cytosol-binding species
      closely correlated with the potencies of these compounds as inducers of hepatic
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. The polycyclic hydrocarbons that induce
      hepatic hydroxylase activity competed with [3H]TCDD for hepatic cytosol binding,
      but phenobarbital, pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile, and the steroid hormones
      had no specific binding. The data suggest that the hepatic cytosol species which
      binds TCDD is the receptor for the induction of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity, and that the mutation in nonresponsive mice results in an
      altered receptor with a diminished affinity for inducing compounds.

PMID- 956170
TI  - Conformational relevance of the beta6Glu replaced by Val mutation in the beta
      subunits and in the beta(1-55) and beta(1-30) peptides of hemoglobin S.
AB  - The beta subunits of hemoglobin S showed a higher ellipticity than the beta
      subunits of the hemoglobin A, both in the Soret and near-ultraviolet regions. The
      apoderivatives of the beta subunits of hemoglobin S showed a lower helical
      content and a larger amount of beta conformation than the apoderivatives of the
      beta subunits of hemoglobin A. The beta(1-55) peptides and beta(1-30) peptides
      from the beta subunits of hemoglobin A and S have been separated and analyzed.
      The betaS(1-55) peptide showed a higher content of beta conformation and lower
      amount of alpha helix when compared to the betaA(1-55) peptide. This difference
      was present also in different concentrations of methanol. The apoderivative from
      the beta subunits of hemoglobin S and the betaS(1-55) peptide aggregated with
      increasing ionic strength. The CD measurement showed that their secondary
      structure did not change upon a 10-fold dilution of the sample. Very little
      secondary structure was present in the betaS(1-30) peptide, and the CD spectrum
      was very similar to that of the betaA(1-30) peptide. No significant difference in
      aggregation was found between the betaS(1-30) and betaA(1-30) peptides.

PMID- 956171
TI  - Lipid peroxidation and alteration of membrane lipids in isolated hepatocytes
      exposed to carbon tetrachloride.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation, determined by malondialdehyde formation, occurs at a low, but
      detectable, rate in parenchymal cells isolated from livers of fasted rats.
      Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital increased malondialdehyde formation about
      2-fold, probably because of the increased amount of endoplasmic reticulum. Lipid
      peroxidation was increased in the cells by the addition of either NADPH or CCl4,
      and the effect of the two agents together was more than additive. Phenobarbital
      pretreatment increased peroxidation due to exposure of the cells to CCl4 but not
      that associated with NADPH addition. The amount of CCl4 producing a 50% increase
      in malondialdehyde formation was about 3-fold less for cells from phenobarbital
      treated rats than for those from control rats. Decreased cytochrome P450 levels
      in isolated hepatocytes produced by prior treatment of rats with
      allylisopropylacetamide enhanced lipid peroxidation from endogenous substrates
      but did not affect lipid peroxidation caused by the addition of NADPH.
      Allylisopropylacetamide markedly lowered lipid peroxidation caused by CCl4 in
      proportion to the loss of cytochrome P450. Malondialdehyde production associated
      with metabolism of endogenous substrates in the cells, or resulting from
      incubation of the cells with NADPH was not accompanied by changes in the fatty
      acid or protein content of three membranous fractions (microsomal mitochondrial,
      and cell debris) isolated from homogenates of these cells. Exposure of liver
      cells to CCl4, however, caused major losses in all fatty acids and of protein
      from the microsomal fraction, but only polyunsaturated fatty acids were decreased
      in the cellular debris fraction. Incubation with NADPH and CCl4 together enhanced
      malondialdehyde formation, but caused no further decrease in fatty acid content
      in these two fractions. Mitochondrial fatty acids were not decreased by any
      treatments described.

PMID- 956172
TI  - Delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase in the heart.
AB  - The regultion of cardiac delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity was
      studied in rat heart homogenates. Optimal conditions were determined for the
      measurement of delta-aminolevulinic acid and an appropriate assay was established
      for the heart. The activity of cardiac delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase was
      determined in rats either fed ad libitum or starved for 24 or 48 h. Marked
      decreases in delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity were observed in
      homogenates or mitochondrial fractions prepared from hearts of fasted animals and
      an explanation for previous findings that the enzyme is undetectable in heart
      tissue is provided. Dexamethasone treatment was effective in reversing the
      decreases brought about by fasting but had no effect on the delta-aminolevulinic
      acid synthetase activity in heart homogenates from fed rats. ACTH treatment had
      no effect in fed or starved rats. Decreases in delta-aminolevulinic acid
      synthetase activity induced by fasting were not reversed in homogenates or
      mitochondrial preparations by succinyl-CoA-generating systems or when alpha
      ketoglutarate was substituted for succinate in homogenate preparations. Cardiac
      delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase levels are not altered by fasting. Agents
      such as allylisopropylacetamide or 3,5-dicarbethoxy-1,4-dihydrocollidine, which
      produce marked increases in hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase
      activity, have no effects on the activity of this enzyme in the heart.

PMID- 956173
TI  - Effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on mitochondrial NADH-oxidase activity.
AB  - Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC), the active ingredient of marihuana was
      found to be a highly effective inhibitor in vitro of the NADH-oxidase activity of
      rat brain and heart mitochondria. The degree of inhibition of the enzyme system
      obtained from rat brain tissue varied with the region from which it was derived
      as follows, in the presence of 10(-5) M delta9-THC: hypothalamus plus thalamus
      plus midbrain, 73 +/- 4%; cerebellum, 66 +/- 4%; medulla oblongata plus pons, 63
      +/- 6%; cerebral cortex, 50 +/- 8%. The same concentration inhibited rat heart
      NADH-oxidase activity 69 +/- 9%. Inhibition of NADH-oxidase activity by a
      corresponding concentration of deoxycorticosterone was significantly less in all
      tissue preparations tested, ranging from 11% to 26%. The inhibition of delta9-THC
      appeared to be competitive and near the amytal-sensitive site of the electron
      transport system. Suggestive evidence was also obtained for a second site of
      action, above the cytochrome c site.

PMID- 956174
TI  - Negative cooperativity among beta-adrenergic receptors in frog erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - (-)-[3H]Dihydroalprenolol, a potent competitive beta-adrenergic antagonist, has
      been previously documented to bind to the adenylate cyclase-coupled beta
      adrenergic receptor sites in mammalian and non-mammalian tissues. Steady state
      binding of (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol to sites in frog erythrocyte membranes, a
      model system for adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors, displays
      characteristics consistent with negative cooperativity among the beta-adrenergic
      receptors: Scatchard plots are curvilinear with upward concavity and slopes of
      Hill plots are consistently less than 1.0. The existence of site-site
      interactions of the negatively cooperative type were demonstrated directly by the
      ability of unlabeled (-)-alprenolol to accelerate the dissociation of (-)
      [3H]dihydroalprenolol under conditions were no rebinding of radioligand occurred.
      The dissociation rate of (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol alone is directly related to
      temperature and increases with increases in temperature from 4-37 degrees. (-)
      [3H]Dihydroalprenolol dissociation is enhanced by unlabeled (-)-alprenolol at all
      temperatures studied; however, at 4 degrees, the time required to observe an
      enhancement of radioligand dissociated is greater than the time required for
      unlabeled (-)-alprenolol to occupy the empty receptor sites, suggesting that
      increased rigidity of the biomembrane at 4 degrees may be responsible for the
      absence of readily observable site-site interactions. The ability of a number of
      beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists to induce negative cooperativity among
      the beta-adrenergic receptors was directly related to their affinity for the
      receptor sites rather than their intrinsic activity in the adenylate cyclase
      coupled beta-adrenergic system. The ability to induce site-site interactions
      among the beta-adrenergic receptors occurs at physiological concentrations of
      beta-adrenergic agents, since occupancy of less than 10% of the receptor sites is
      sufficient to reduce receptor affinity. Changes in pH from 6.5 to 9.0 did not
      significantly alter the negatively cooperative site-site interactions among the
      receptor sites. The negatively cooperative phenomenon was also independent of
      Mg2+, Ca2+, and NaF concentrations in the buffer medium. The presence of guanyl
      5'-yl imidodiphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable nucleotide analog which enhances
      adenylate cyclase stimulation (Vmax) by beta-adrenergic agonists and decreases
      the concentration of agonist required to half-maximally stimulate adenylate
      cyclase, did not alter the ability of either agonists or antagonists to induce
      negatively cooperative site-site interactions among the beta-adrenergic
      receptors.

PMID- 956175
TI  - Isolation and characterization of subcellular membranes with altered phospholipid
      composition from cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Plasma membranes, microsomes, and mitochondria were isolated from mouse
      fibroblast (LM) suspension cells by modification of several established
      procedures. Choline analogues such as N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, N
      monomethylethanolamine, or ethanolamine were incorporated in vivo into
      phospholipids of all three cell fractions studied, but to varying degrees
      depending on the type of analogue used. The in vivo incorporation of these bases
      into membrane phospholipids produced no significant effect on the activities of
      seven membrane-bound enzymes: (Na+, K+)-ATPase, 5'-nucleotidase (plasma
      membranes); TPNH-cytochrome c reductase, glucose-6-phosphatase, inosine
      diphosphatase (microsomes); and succinate cytochrome c reductase (mitochondria).
      The incorporation of base analogues into phospholipids was accompanied by several
      compensatory mechanisms. (a) The quantity of both phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine decreased up to 75% and 50% respectively in 3 days. (b)
      The molar ratio of desmosterol/phospholipid in the plasma membranes of LM cells
      grown in suspension culture in the presence of choline analogues decreased from
      0.65 to 0.45. (c) The percentage of lysophosphatidylcholine increased over 2-fold
      in the phospholipid of all subcellular fractions studied. The quantity of
      lysophosphatidylcholine was directly proportional to the number of methyl groups
      on the nitrogen atom of the base analogue supplemented to the cells. This was a
      specific effect since the quantity of lysophosphatidylethanolamine, the other
      major lysophospholipid, remained unchanged. (d) The ratio of zwitterionic
      phospholipids to acidic phospholipids remained relatively constant in all
      isolated membrane fractions regardless of analogue supplementation. Neither
      increase in the degree of unsaturation nor shortening of fatty acid chain length
      was noted in response to analogue supplementation.

PMID- 956176
TI  - Synthesis in vitro of intrinsic membrane proteins by free, membrane-bound, and
      Golgi apparatus-associated polyribosomes from rat liver.
AB  - A fraction of intrinsic membrane proteins was prepared from the major membranous
      cell components of rat liver by extraction of the membranes with KCl and
      deoxycholate. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed that the compositions of the intrinsic protein fractions
      from rough and endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi
      apparatus, plasma membrane, and nuclear envelope were similar to each other but
      distinct from that of mitochondria. Among endomembranes, differences were in the
      ratios of protein constituents plus a few protein bands of Golgi apparatus and
      plasma membranes not found in endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope. The
      abilities of total rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes released from rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, and free polysomes to incorporate amino acids into the
      intrinsic protein fraction were tested in vitro. Polysomes bound to endoplasmic
      reticulum has the greatest capacity to synthesize proteins of this fraction as
      shown by co-purification of radioactive products and by immunoprecipitation.
      Although the majority of the radioactive products synthesized by bound polysomes
      were distinct from those synthesized by free polysomes, certain radioactive
      products synthesized by free polysomes also co-purified with intrinsic membrane
      proteins. The results show no absolute segregation between free and bound
      polysomes in the synthesis of intrinsic membrane proteins. However, the majority
      of these proteins appear to be synthesized by polysomes bound to the endoplasmic
      reticulum. Several intrinsic proteins found in plasma membranes do not appear in
      rough endoplasmic reticulum. To determine where these proteins were synthesized,
      the ability of other endomembrane components to support in vitro incorporation of
      [14C]leucine into protein was examined. In contrast to plasma membranes, isolated
      Golgi apparatus fractions did incorporate [14C]leucine to an extent greater than
      could be explained by contamination with rough endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi
      apparatus in situ and isolated from rat liver have polyribosomes associated with
      a zone of cytoplasm at the Golgi apparatus periphery occupied by tubules and
      vesicles. The polysomes are not directly attached to membranes as with rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and may represent a special class of "Golgi apparatus
      associated" polysomes. The polysomes, when associated with Golgi apparatus
      membranes, incorporated amino acids in vitro. The products synthesized in vitro
      were analyzed by treatment with KCl and deoxycholate and separated by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Certain proteins synthesized
      by the Golgi apparatus-associated polysomes remained insoluble after the
      treatment with KCl and deoxycholate. The proteins synthesized by the Golgi
      apparatus fraction had mobilities similar to proteins in plasma membranes which
      were absent from endoplasmic reticulum, and which were relatively minor
      components of Golgi apparatus...

PMID- 956177
TI  - High uptake of myo-inositol by rat pancreatic tissue in vitro stimulates
      secretion.
AB  - A recent study by Hokin-Neaverson, M., Sadeghian, K., Majumder, A.L., and
      Eisenberg, F. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 67, 1537-1544, demonstrates
      that free myo-inositol in the pancreas is significantly increased during intense
      cholinergic stimulation of secretion. Incubation of rat pancreatic tissue in
      medium with 100 mM myo-inositol increases 10-fold the endogenous content of free
      myo-inositol and elicits a prompt and sustained 50% increase in the rate of
      release of amylase activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis reveals that the electrophoretic pattern of the protein mixture
      released in the presence of 100 mM myo-inositol is the same as that of the
      secretory output released in the presence of 10 muM carbamylcholine. Microscopic
      examination of tissue pieces indicates that there is no significant decrease in
      zymogen granule content of the pancreatic acinar cells during incubation in
      medium with 100 mM myo-inositol. Jamieson, J.D., and Palade, G.E. (1967) J. Cell
      Biol. 34, 597-615, have shown that pulse-labeled secretory proteins in guinea pig
      pancreas first appear in zymogen granules 1 hour postpulse, becoming maximally
      accumulated in these storage sites by 2 hours postpulse. myo-Inositol (100 mM)
      stimulates release of pulse-labeled secretory proteins only if incubation in
      medium with 100 mM myo-inositol is initiated anytime during the first 80 min
      postpulse. The findings thus indicate that a high uptake of myo-inositol by rat
      pancreatic tissue in vitro selectively stimulates the release of just those
      secretory proteins being packaged in newly forming zymogen granules.

PMID- 956178
TI  - Formyl-methyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase-(combined). An ovine protein
      with multiple catalytic activities.
AB  - Formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, and
      methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase in sheep liver co-purify 200-fold to
      yield a homogeneous preparation containing a single protein species observed on
      discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl
      sulfate. The synthetase and dehydrogenase activities migrate with the single
      protein band observed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in two discontinuous
      buffer systems near pH 8. The protein sediments with a single symmetrical
      boundary with sedimentation coefficient (S20,w) = 8.30 S and elutes from
      molecular exclusion chromatography columns at a position corresponding to a
      diffusion coefficient (D20,w) = 3.99 X 10(-7) cm2 sec-1. Dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein intramolecularly cross-linked
      with dimethylsuberimidate shows one protein species of Mr = 218,000 in addition
      to the species of Mr = 108,500 characteristic of the unmodified protein. NH2
      terminal analysis of the protein using 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl
      (dansyl) chloride in the presence of dodecyl sulfate results in the recovery of a
      single dansyl amino acid, alanine. The three activities are thus shown to reside
      in a protein composed of two apparently identical subunits, and the trivial name
      formyl-methenyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase(combined) is proposed for
      this enzyme to suggest the multiple catalytic activities associated with the
      single protein species.

PMID- 956179
TI  - Fragmentation of the 95,000-dalton transmembrane polypeptide in human erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - The 95,000-dalton polypeptide in human red blood cell membranes constitutes about
      25% of the membrane protein. Previous labeling studies have shown that different
      regions of this polypeptide are exposed to the inside and outside of the cell and
      have suggested a role for the protein in anion exchange across the membrane. This
      polypeptide has been fragmented by chymotrypsin digestion of intact red cells and
      by treatment of purified polypeptide with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid,
      hydroxylamine, and N-bromosuccinimide. The sites of cleavage by each of these
      reagents have been located relative to the NH-2 and COOH-terminals of the intact
      95,000-dalton polypeptide. Polypeptide obtained from cells labeled with 1
      isothiocyanate-4-benzene [35S]sulfonic acid (an inhibitor of anion transport),
      125I and lactoperoxidase, or 32P has been similarly fragmented and these labels
      have been assigned to specific regions of the polypeptide. There are at least two
      sites of phosphorylation of the polypeptide; the major sites lies within 10,000
      daltons of the NH2-terminal requiring that this portion of the polypeptide lie
      inside the cell. Sites of chymotrypsin cleavage and 125I and lactoperoxidase
      labeling are in a 7,000-dalton region toward the COOH-terminal of the
      polypeptide; this region must lie outside the cell. Between these two regions the
      polypeptide must traverse the lipid bilayer an odd number of times. 1
      Isothiocyanate-4-benzenesulfonic acid also labels the protein near the site of
      chymotrypsin cleavage.

PMID- 956180
TI  - Reversible inhibition of glucose transport in human erythrocytes by a series of
      pyridine derivatives.
AB  - A series of pyridine derivatives was chosen on the basis of structural similarity
      to glucose and to the hydrogen bonding capacity of this sugar. These compounds
      were found to reversibly inhibit glucose transport in a systematic fashion. The
      inhibition data can be rationalized by assuming that both competitive and
      noncompetitive binding sites exist on the cell membrane. The competitive site
      appears to have a much lower dissociation constant than the noncompetitive site
      for most derivatives. The effects of changes in substituents on the pyridine ring
      closely match, both in ring position and in the magnitude of the change in
      binding constant, those reported for derivatives of glucose. The stimulation of
      fluorodinitrobenzene inactivation of glucose transport by 2-amino-5
      chloropyridine is in accord with this analysis. The strongest inhibitors bind
      about 100-fold more tightly than glucose itself. This series of pyridine
      compounds would appear to present a useful starting point for the development of
      site-specific irreversible inhibitors.

PMID- 956181
TI  - Effect of a supernatant protein on microsomal squalene epoxidase and 2,3
      oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase.
AB  - Squalene epoxidation catalyzed by rat liver microsomes requires oxygen NADPH, and
      the 105,000 x g supernatant (S105). The supernatant can be replaced by a
      partially purified S105 protein (SPF) and phospholipids (Tai, H., and Bloch, K.
      (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 3767). When washed microsomes are preincubated
      anaerobically with [14C]squalene and S105 without NADPH, followed by
      centrifugation and washing to remove the unbound squalene and S105, epoxidation
      in the presence of O2 and NADPH occurs subsequently at the same rate as in direct
      assays containing all required components from the start. Partially purified SPF
      (65-fold) shows the same effect. Washed microsomes preincubated anaerobically
      with squalene alone, or with bovine serum albumin instead of S105, also take up
      large amounts of squalene, but the squalene so incorporated is only poorly
      converted to epoxide. The epoxidation of endogenous squalene formed in liver
      homogenates from [14C]mevalonate is also stimulated by S105. The incorporation of
      squalene into microsomes is temperature dependent. 2,3-Oxidosqualene-lanosterol
      cyclase (cyclase) also requires S105 for optimal activity. It is suggested that
      the S105 protein acts internally within the microsomal membrane system
      facilitating the access of substrate to specific enzyme sites.

PMID- 956182
TI  - Control of mutation frequency by bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. I. The CB120
      antimutator DNA polymerase is defective in strand displacement.
AB  - The ts CB1200 (antimutator) mutation in bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase increases
      the accuracy of DNA replication since it results in a decrease in the frequency
      of mutations in other phage genes. The CB120 polymerases differs from the wild
      type enzyme in the slow rate at which it copies templates where primer extension
      requries displacement of polynucleotides base-paired to the template strand, even
      in the presence of the T4 DNA unwinding protein (gene 32-protein). The ratio of
      nucleotides turned over (DNA-dependent conversion of deoxynucleoside triphosphate
      to deoxynucleoside monophosphate) to nucleotides stably incorporated into product
      is 10 to 100 times higher with the mutant than wild type enzyme, depending on the
      DNA used as the template. This high turnover rate may increase the efficiency of
      removal of noncomplementary nucleotides by the antimutator enzyme and is in
      agreement with the findings of Muzyczka et al, (Muzyczka, N., Poland, R. L., and
      Bessman, M. J. (1972) J. Biol, Cehm. 247, 7116-7122) with the L141 and L42
      antimutator T4 DNA polymerases. Since the 3'- to 5'-exonuclease activity of the
      CB120 mutant polymerase is not higher than that of the wild type enzyme, it is
      suggested that the high turnover rate may result from increased opportunity to
      remove newly incorporated nucleotides due to the slow rate at which the mutant
      enzyme moves to the next template nucleotide. In the accompanying paper we show
      that the CB120 antimutator polymerase also initially selects incorrect
      nucleotides for incorporation less frequently than the wild type enzyme. Thus
      this antimutator polymerase appears to have both greater accuracy in nucleotide
      selection and an enhanced ability to remove incorrect nucleotides.

PMID- 956183
TI  - Control of mutation frequency by bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. II. Accuracy of
      nucleotide selection by the L88 mutator, CB120 antimutator, and wild type phage
      T4 DNA polymerases.
AB  - The accuracy of nucleotide selection by wild type, L88 mutator, and CB120
      antimutator T4 DNA polymerases has been compared by measuring both stable
      incorporation of complementary and noncomplementary nucleotides into polymer and
      the DNA-dependent conversion of deoxynucleoside triphosphate to monophosphate.
      The increased accuracy of the CB120 antimutator enzyme is shown by a ratio of
      utilization of incorrect to correct nucleotides with poly(dA)-poly(dT) as
      template which is only 10 to 30% of that of the wild type enzyme. In contrast,
      the ratio of incorrect to correct nucleotide utilized by the L88 mutator enzyme
      with this template was higher than that of the wild type enzyme, in agreement
      with the report of Hershfield (Hershfield, M.S. (1973) J. Biol, Chem. 248, 1417
      1423). The antimutator, mutator, and wild type enzymes each have a much higher
      apparent Km for the noncomplementary nucleotides than for complementary
      nucleotides with this template. The L88 mutator polymerase has a higher "Km" for
      poly(dA)-poly(dT) than the wild type enzyme in reactions with both complementary
      and noncomplementary nucleotides. The antimutator polymerase has an elevated "Km"
      for polymer only for reactions with noncomplementary nucleotides. The wild type
      and L88 mutator enzymes also utilized both noncomplementary nucleotides much more
      frequently than the CB120 antimutator enzymes with poly [d(A-T)] as the template
      primer. The T4 gene 32DNA unwinding protein appears to facilitate the correct
      reading of this template since it decreases the ratio of incorrect nucleotides
      utilized by both the wild type and L88 mutator polymerases.

PMID- 956184
TI  - Alpha-Hydroxylation of lignoceric and nervonic acids in the brain. Effects of
      altered thyroid function on postnatal development of the hydroxylase activity.
AB  - Rat brain postnuclear preparations catalyzed the alpha-hydroxylation of nervonic
      acid with an apparent Km of 3 muM. Evidence has been presented which suggests
      that nervonic acid in the brain is hydroxylated by the same enzyme system which
      hydroxylates lignoceric acid. The hydroxylase activity in brains of normal
      (euthyroid) rats increased rapidly from a low in the period immediately following
      birth to a maximum at the 23rd day and then declined to a low level
      characteristic of the mature brain. Neonatal hypothyroidism retarded the
      development of the activity and shifted its peak to the 39th day after birth.
      Conversely, neonatal hyperthyroidism accelerated the entire developmental pattern
      and shifted the peak to the 16th day after birth. The hydroxylase activity in
      mouse brain was also increased by thyroid hormone administration from the 13th
      through the 18th day after birth. Unlike normal mice, the low activity in jimpy
      mice was not affected by this treatment. It is concluded that thyroid hormones
      play an important role in the control of brain fatty acid alpha-hydroxylation.
      The stimulation of alpha-hydroxy fatty acid synthesis in response to
      hyperthyroidism during the early postnatal period may be one of the major effects
      of thyroid hormones in accelerating myelination of the central nervous system.

PMID- 956185
TI  - On the mechanism of regulation of omega oxidation of fatty acids.
AB  - The stimulatory effect of starvation on omega oxidation of stearate by the 20,000
      X g supernatant fluid of rat liver homogenates was studied. The effect was
      obtained after starvation for 24 hours. Starvation for longer times did not
      further increase omega oxidation. The stimulatory effect of starvation on omega
      oxidation of stearic acid was accompanied by a reduced incorporation of stearic
      acid into phosphatidic acid, diglycerides, and triglycerides. Substitution of the
      100,000 X g supernatant fluid from liver homogenate of starved rats with 100,000
      X g supernatant fluid from liver homogenates of control rats reduced the
      microsomal omega oxidation of stearic acid with a simultaneous increase in
      incorporation of stearic acid into the different glycerides. Under the latter
      conditions almost no free stearic acid could be isolated from the incubation
      mixture after the incubation. Of three different soluble factors necessary for
      glyceride formation, ATP appeared to be the most important from a regulatory
      point of view. Thus the soluble fraction of liver homogenate from a starved rat
      was shown to contain suboptimal concentrations of ATP. Addition of physiological
      amounts of ATP to the 20,000 X g supernatant fluid of homogenate of liver of
      starved rats had the same effect as addition of 100, 000 X g supernatant fluid
      from liver homogenate of control rats, i.e. decrease in omega oxidation and
      increase in formation of glycerides. Addition of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and CoA
      SH in amounts optimal for glyceride formation to the 20,000 X g supernatant fluid
      of liver homogenate of starved rats had only small effects on omega oxidation and
      glyceride formation. The results are consistent with a competition for free fatty
      acids between the acyl-CoA synthetases involved in biosynthesis of glycerides and
      the microsomal hydroxylase(s) involved in omega oxidation of fatty acids. The
      concentration of ATP in the soluble fraction is of importance in this
      competition. The possibility is discussed that this competition is of importance
      also under in vivo conditions and that a decreased rate of esterification in the
      starved state is responsible for the higher excretion of omega-oxidized fatty
      acids in urine in the ketotic state.

PMID- 956186
TI  - Modification of the 5' terminus of mRNA by an RNA (guanine-7-)-methyltransferase
      from HeLa cells.
AB  - The 5' termini of many viral and cellular mRNAs contain sequences of the type
      m7G(5")pppNm. An RNA (guanine-7-)-methyltransferase that specifically methylates
      the 5'-terminal guanosine residue of RNAs ending in the dinucleoside triphosphate
      G(5')pppN- has been purified from the cytoplasm of HeLa cells. Approximately two
      thirds of the methyltransferase activity detected in an assay employing
      umnethylated vaccinia virus mRNA as acceptor was located in the cytoplasm when
      cells were disrupted by Dounce homogenization; 30% of the cytoplasmic activity
      was associated with ribosomes but was removed by washing with 0.5 M KCl. The
      enzyme was purified 165-fold from the cytoplasm by removing nucleic acid by phase
      partition followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography on
      DEAE-cellulose, denatured DNA-agarose, and CM-Sephadex. The partially purified
      enzyme preparation methylated heterologous tRNAs as well as vaccinia mRNA, but
      the tRNA methyltransferases could be separated from the mRNA activity by sucrose
      gradient sedimentation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The product of the
      partially purified enzyme using vaccinia mRNA as substrate was exclusively 7
      methylguanosine located in the terminal dinucleoside triphosphate. In addition to
      RNAs and synthetic polyribonucleotides terminating in a dinucleoside
      triphosphate, free G(5')pppG could be methylated but GTP, GDP, and G(5')pppG
      could not. The enzyme also methylated the dinucleoside diphosphate G(5')pppG but
      much less efficiently than G(5')pppG. An S20, W of 3.8, a Stokes radius of 3.6
      nm, and a molecular weight of 56,000 were obtained from sucrose gradient
      sedimentation and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography.

PMID- 956187
TI  - Carbohydrate structure of glycopeptides isolated from an hepatic membrane-binding
      protein specific for asialoglycoproteins.
AB  - Two variant glycopeptide constituents of an hepatic membrane protein responsible
      for the clearance of circulating asialoglycoproteins have been isolated and
      characterized. Their relative abundance has been estimated to be 14 and 2 mol,
      respectively, per mol of intact protein. The larger component, glycopeptide I, is
      comprised of sialic acid, galactose, mannose, glucosamine, and aspartic acid in a
      molar ratio of 3:3:2:5:1. The smaller neutral fraction contains only two sugars
      and the molar relationship of mannose, glucosamine, and aspartic acid is 8:2:1.
      Based on the results of sequential digestion with specific glycosidases and
      periodate degradation, a carbohydrate sequence for both glycopeptides is
      proposed.

PMID- 956188
TI  - Deacetylation reaction catalyzed by Salmonella phage c341 and its baseplate
      parts.
AB  - Phage c341 was shown to cleave off 14C-acetyl groups from a 14C-acetylated
      polysaccharide, prepared by the enzymatic acetylation of alkali-treated
      Salmonella anatum O-polysaccharide catalyzed by a membrane fraction from S.
      anatum (O-10 transacetylase). No deacetylation reaction was detected if the
      substate was prepared from alkali-treated O-polysaccharide of Salmonella
      newington. The structural difference of these O-polysaccharides is the anomeric
      configuration of the linkage between the common mannosyl-rhamnosyl-galactose
      repeating units. A soluble protein obtained from phage c341 lysate, which has
      previously been identified as the free form of the baseplate parts of this phage,
      showed the deacetylase activity, a result indicating that the baseplate is
      responsible for the enzymatic activity of the phage particles. These results
      suggest that as in the case of other Salmonella phages such as epsilon15,
      epsilon34, and P22 that contain glycosidases as baseplates, the baseplate
      deacetylase of c341 plays a role for phage adsorption through the formation of
      enzyme-substrate type complexes with the receptor O-polysaccharide.

PMID- 956189
TI  - Physical properties of antitumor glutaminase-asparaginase from Pseudomonas 7A.
AB  - Glutaminase-asparaginase from Pseudomonas 7A appears to have four subunits with a
      molecular weight of 36,000 +/- 500 by sedimentation equilibrium in 5.9 M
      guanidine HCl and 34,000 by amino acid analysis. Analytic sedimentation
      equilibrium of the native enzyme showed a molecular weight of 140,000 +/- 3,300
      with no signs of association or dissociation. Moving boundary and zone
      sedimentation in buffer showed normal behavior with sedimentation coefficients of
      7.92 and 7.75 S, respectively. In contrast, the enzyme appeared to polymerize
      during zone sedimentation when the initial protein concentration was greater than
      1 mg/ml and the buffer contained asparagine, glutamine, or 5-diazo-4
      oxonorvaline. An extension of our method for active enzyme sedimentation is
      described which utilizes the changes in absorption during hydrolysis of
      asparagine by low concentrations of enzyme. Polymerization was not seen under
      these conditions.

PMID- 956190
TI  - Interaction of human interferons with immobilized hydrophobic amino acids and
      dipeptides.
AB  - Human fibroblast interferon binds to L-tryptophan, D-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine,
      and L-tyrosine, all immobilized directly to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose,
      as well as to L-tryptophan and D-tryptophan methyl ester, both immobilized via
      molecular arms. The retention of fibroblast interferon is selective and results
      in a 2300-fold purification. Human leukocyte interferon binds neither to L
      tryptophan attached directly to an agarose matrix nor to L-tryptophan immobilized
      via a molecular arm; it binds, however, to immobilized L-tryptophyl-L-tryptophan
      and L-tryptophyl-L-tryrosine. When retained, both interferons cannot be displaced
      unless ethylene glycol is included in the eluant, indicating a hydrophobic
      interaction. The interaction takes place under physiologic solvent conditions,
      thus revealing the high intrinsic hydrophobicity of both interferons.

PMID- 956191
TI  - Chemical properties of two antigens controlled by the major histocompatibility
      complex of the chicken.
AB  - The chemistry of antigens controlled by the major histocompatibility complex of
      the chicken has been investigated. Peripheral blood leukocytes of five chicken
      strains were radioactively labeled by incorporation of tritiated amino acids,
      enzymatic iodination, or mild periodate oxidation followed by reduction with
      tritiated sodium borohydride. Membrane-bound antigens were solubilized with
      Nonidet P-40 and purified by a two-step immunoprecipitation procedure. The
      resulting immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing or nonreducing conditions. The
      chicken major histocompatibility antigens (B antigens) are composed of
      polypeptide chains with molecular weights (in the reduced form) of 40,000 to
      43,000 and 11,000 to 12,000, as deduced from their mobilities in internally
      calibrated gels. The larger chains, when isolated from different chicken strains,
      can have slightly different mobilities in such gels; thus the mobilities of the
      large polypeptides from strains WA and WB correspond to molecular weights of
      40,000 and 43,000, respectively. Gels run under nonreducing conditions give
      similar results; in particular no dimers or oligomers of the larger chains are
      detectable, thus ruling out an immunoglobulin-like structure for the B antigens.
      The large chains are labeled by the periodate oxidation-reduction procedure,
      suggesting that they are glycoproteins (probably containing sialic acid), while
      the small polypeptides cannot be labeled by this method. An additional protein or
      proteins of apparent molecular weight about 30,000 could be precipitated from 3H
      amino-acid-labeled leukocyte lysates by one particular anti-B serum. This
      protein(s), named B-L, differs from the B major histocompatibility antigens in
      that it is not associated with the small chain of molecular weight 11,000 to
      12,000 and does not occur on erythrocytes. Thus, at least two protein chains are
      coded for (or have their synthesis controlled by) genes in the chicken major
      histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 956192
TI  - Energy dissipation in mammalian arteries--an assessment of the distribution of
      energy dissipation between the blood and the vessel wall.

PMID- 956193
TI  - Measurements of the dynamic piezoelectric properties of bone as a function of
      temperature and humidity.

PMID- 956194
TI  - A dynamic model of the ankle joint under functional electrical stimulation in
      free movement and isometric conditions.

PMID- 956195
TI  - The fluid mechanics of aortic stenosis--I. Theory and steady flow experiments.

PMID- 956196
TI  - The impedance of the human knee.

PMID- 956197
TI  - Ultrasonic wave propagation in human cortical bone--III. Piezoelectric
      contribution.

PMID- 956198
TI  - On the fundamental fluid transport mechanisms through normal and pathological
      articular cartilage during function--I. The formulation.

PMID- 956199
TI  - Planning versus fatalism.

PMID- 956200
TI  - The Kota of the Nilgiri Hills: a demographic study.

PMID- 956201
TI  - Fertility trends in Sri Lanka and future prospects.

PMID- 956202
TI  - The influence of wife's education on fertility in rural Egypt.

PMID- 956203
TI  - Physique and socio-economic variables in university girls.

PMID- 956204
TI  - The Ciba Foundation 1949-1974. An appreciation.

PMID- 956205
TI  - A multivariate analysis of the relationship between parental age and birth order
      and the human secondary sex ratio.

PMID- 956206
TI  - Social influences on female athletic performance.

PMID- 956207
TI  - Social factors influencing female swimming performance.

PMID- 956208
TI  - Age of marriage and divorce trends in Amsterdam during the period 1911-71.

PMID- 956209
TI  - Assortative marriage for psychometric, personality and anthropometric variation
      in a group of Oxfordshire villages.

PMID- 956210
TI  - A note on marital distances and movement, and age at marriage, in a group of
      Oxfordshire villages.

PMID- 956211
TI  - Integration of family planning and maternal and child health in rural West
      Africa.

PMID- 956212
TI  - Obesity.

PMID- 956213
TI  - Diet and arterial disease.

PMID- 956214
TI  - Food additives--the benefits and the risks.

PMID- 956215
TI  - Marital structure and birth rate in Nepal.

PMID- 956216
TI  - A small area analysis of self-poisoning and self-injury in the region of Oxford.

PMID- 956217
TI  - Polycentric total knee arthroplasty. A two-year follow-up study.
AB  - Polycentric total knee arthroplasty provided significant relief of pain in 86 per
      cent of 500 knees. The independence and activity levels of the patients increased
      dramatically. The frequency of major complications as reflected by reoperation
      was 10 per cent in this series. There was a 2.8 per cent deep infection rate. One
      third of the infected knees were salvaged and two-thirds required arthrodesis.
      Loosening of a component was noted in 2.4 per cent. After operation the average
      range of motion was from 6 to 101 degrees of flexion, for a range of 95 degrees;
      this was a 5-degree increase over average preoperative motion. Ninety-six per
      cent of the patients expressed satisfaction with the surgical result.

PMID- 956218
TI  - Geometric total knee arthroplasty. A two-year follow-up study.
AB  - In a study of our experience with the first 119 geometric arthroplasties of the
      knee done at the Mayo Clinic, reported after a minimum follow-up period of two
      years, we noted that relief of pain was the primary goal in 84 per cent of the
      cases and this was achieved in the majority. The average total motion was
      relatively unchanged but it became more useful postoperatively.

PMID- 956219
TI  - A comparison of four models of total knee-replacement prostheses.
AB  - Twenty-nine knees with unicondylar, sixty-four with duocondylar, fifty with
      Guepar, and fifty with geometric prostheses were studied. The follow-up ranged
      from two to three and one-half years. The unicondylar prosthesis was used in the
      mildest cases and gave the least complications, but the quality of results was
      not superior to that achieved with the other prostheses. The duocondylar model
      was best suited for knees with rheumatoid arthritis and mild deformity. The
      geometric prosthesis was the best condylar prosthesis for osteoarthritis with
      moderate to severe deformity, but gave the worst results in knees with rheumatoid
      arthritis. The Guepar prosthesis was used in the worst knees and gave the best
      results, but it had the highest infection rate and was the most difficult to
      salvage. A radiolucency was observed in about 60 per cent of the condylar
      replacements around the tibial component and in 45 per cent of the Geupar
      replacements around the femoral component. The significance of this cannot yet be
      determined but it suggest that the fixation may not be ideal. In all types,
      residual pain was most frequently attributed to the patellar compartment.
      Patellectomy was not a solution.

PMID- 956220
TI  - Modular total knee-replacement arthroplasty. A review of eighty-nine patients.
AB  - Fifty-eight osteoarthritic and thirty-one rheumatoid patients underwent modular
      total knee-replacement arthroplasty. The major indication for the operation was
      relief of pain. Contraindications to this resurfacing arthroplasty included varus
      valgus instability of over 20 degrees, combined varus-valgus instability with
      flexion contracture of over 40 degrees, marked recurvatum, and predominant
      patellofemoral symptoms. In 59 per cent of the osteoarthritic and 58 per cent of
      the rheumatoid patients, complete relief of pain was evident when they were
      evaluated twenty-four months after surgery, while another 35 per cent of each
      group had only mild pain related to inclement weather. Their ability to walk long
      distances without support or limp was increased. Range of motion and ability to
      climb stairs were not significantly improved.

PMID- 956221
TI  - Failed polycentric total knee prostheses.
AB  - Four failed polycentric total knee prostheses were evaluated by clinical
      examination of the patients and surface analysis of the removed prosthetic
      components. The failures were secondary to a poor relationship of the prosthetic
      components in three cases and to abutment of the tibial spine against the femoral
      condyle in the fourth. A poor relationship of the prosthetic components was not
      necessarily secondary to malpositioning, because the positioning may have been
      accurate but the relationships became abnormal when the knee was unstable.
      Scanning electron-microscope examination revealed various wear patterns but no
      significant correlation was noted between the morphological type and the degree
      of wear. Accurate placement of the components and restoration of knee stability
      were critical requirements for the polycentric total knee prosthesis to be
      successful.

PMID- 956222
TI  - Patterns of movement of totally intrinsic-minus fingers based on a study of one
      hundred and forty-one fingers.
AB  - A detailed study of metacarpophalangeal flexion and interphalangeal extension
      movements of 141 fingers with complete intrinsic-muscle paralysis due to leprosy
      showed that long flexors and long extensors produce movement at the
      metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints simultaneously, and not
      successively as is generally believed. The amounts of flexion resulting from long
      flexor activity are almost equal at the two joints and metacarpophalangeal
      flexion is achieved without excessive flexion of the proximal interphalangeal
      joint, but this is masked by the claw-finger deformity. The movement resulting
      from activity of the long extensor is complex and there are three or more
      qualitatively different patterns of extension. Although the long extensor
      produces simultaneous extension at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal
      interphalangeal joints, the latter consistently lags behind the former so that
      full extension is not achieved at the proximal interphalangeal joint even when
      the metacarpophalangeal joint is maximally extended. The diverse patterns of
      extension are not related to duration of degree of clawing or to any particular
      finger.

PMID- 956223
TI  - Evaluation of the two-stage flexor-tendon reconstruction in severely damaged
      digits.
AB  - From July 1971 to July 1974, the two-stage tendon-grafting procedure of Hunter
      and Salisbury was performed in thirty-two severely damaged digits in twenty-five
      patients. Of these digits, twenty-three fingers and five thumbs could be
      evaluated for gain in total active flexion (expressed as per cent of preoperative
      passive flexion) and for gain in total active motion (expressed as per cent of
      total preoperative passive motion) after follow-ups ranging from six to fifty
      months. The results for total active flexion were 60.9 per cent good, 21.7 per
      cent fair, and 17.4 per cent poor, and for total active motion 21.7 per cent
      good, 56.5 per cent fair, and 21.7 per cent poor. Complications were frequent
      after both stages and included infection, migration of the rod, and adhesions
      within the proximal end of the newly formed sheath. Flexion contractures were a
      significant problem.

PMID- 956224
TI  - Late reconstruction of the ligaments following acromioclavicular separation.
AB  - Complete separation of the acromion from the clavicle in nine young patients was
      repaired by a new technique with use of a tendon graft. The operation was
      performed, on average, twenty-nine weeks after the injury. After surgery seven
      patients were enabled to engage in strenuous sports or construction work and the
      other two to return to daily activities with occasional heavy lifting.

PMID- 956225
TI  - Compensating osteotomy at the base of the femoral neck for slipped capital
      femoral epiphysis.
AB  - A compensating osteotomy for correction of the varus and retroversion components
      of severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis is presented. It is safer than a
      cuneiform osteotomy done through the callus of the slipped epiphysis because the
      line of osteotomy is distal to the major blood supply of the posterior
      retinaculum. The threaded Steinmann pins used for fixation sross both the
      osteotomy site and the epiphyseal plate, and therefore not only are the
      mechanical relationships restored, but further slipping is prevented also.

PMID- 956226
TI  - Stiffness of the proximal interphalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis. The
      role of flexor tenosynovitis.
AB  - In nineteen hands (seventy-four fingers) of eleven women and one man with
      rheumatoid arthritis there was restriction of active and passive motion of the
      proximal interphalangeal joints, with signs of flexor tenosynovitis but no
      clinical or roentgenographic evidence of involvement of the joint. The nineteen
      hands were treated by flexor tenosynovectomy (palm only in nine, palm and carpal
      tunnel in five, both palm and digits in four, and digit, palm, and wrist in one)
      combined with manipulation of the joint under regional anesthesia. After an
      average follow-up of twenty-one months (range, six to thirty-six months), the
      average range of active motion had increased from 40 to 84 degrees and the
      average range of passive motions, from 57 to 87 degrees. Only three patients had
      unsatisfactory results, one because of persistent unexplained swelling and two
      because of recurrence of the tenosynovitis.

PMID- 956227
TI  - Milwaukee brace correction of idiopathic scoliosis. A biomechanical analysis and
      a restrospective study.
AB  - We analyzed the biomechanics of Milwaukee brace treatment of idiopathic scoliotic
      patients through simulation in five computer-constructed model spines. The
      contributions to correction of each component of the brace were examined in these
      model spines, and some of the mechanical principles that determine the outcome of
      brace treatment were studied. The validity of the stimulation findings was then
      tested by a retrospective analysis. Simulation was used to predict the outcome of
      milwaukee brace treatment in sixty-eight patients. In 81 per cent of these
      patients, the actual outcome agreed with the prediction. The study suggests that
      careful adherence to mechanical principles in the use of a Milwaukee brace will
      result in successful treatment of more patients.

PMID- 956228
TI  - Tenderness at motor points. A diagnostic and prognostic aid for low-back injury.
AB  - In patients with low-back injury the motor points of some muscles may be tender.
      Of fifty patients with low-back "strain", twenty-six had tender motor points and
      twenty-four did not, while forty-nine of fifty patients with radicular signs and
      symptoms suggesting disc involvement had tender motor points, and the one without
      such tender points had a hamstring contusion which limited straight leg raising.
      Of fifty controls with no back disability, only seven had mild tender points
      after strenuous activity, while forty-six of another fifty controls with
      occasional back discomfort had mild motor-point tenderness. In all instances the
      tender motor points were located in the myotomes corresponding to the probable
      segmental levels of spinal injury and of root involvement, when present. Patients
      with low-back strain and no tender motor points were disabled for an average of
      6.9 weeks, while those with the same diagnosis but tender motor points were
      disabled for an average of 19.7 weeks, or almost as long as the patients with
      signs of radicular involvement, who were disabled for an average of 25.7 weeks.
      Tender motor points may therefore be of diagnostic and prognostic value, serving
      as sensitive localizers of radicular involvement and differentiating a simple
      mechanical low-back strain from one with neural involvement.

PMID- 956229
TI  - Total hip reconstruction in chronically dislocated hips.
AB  - The pathological anatomy of chronically dislocated hips makes reconstruction for
      more difficult in them than in most cases. The acetabular component must be
      seated at the site of the original triradiate cartilage and the femur must be
      shortened four or more centimeters to prevent excessive limb lengthening. This
      means that the femoral component must be seated in the smallest, strightest
      portion of the intramedullary canal. A specially designed prosthesis is often
      needed. Twenty-two hips were operated on in this series, and all patients had
      relief of pain and improvement of gait. One major complication occured: a sciatic
      nerve palsy due to overlengthening of the femur and improper postoperative
      positioning.

PMID- 956230
TI  - Pyogenic arthritis of the sacro-iliac joint. Long-term follow-up.
AB  - Nine cases of sacro-iliac pyarthrosis are presented. The difficulty in localizing
      the infection is attributable mostly to failure to appreciate the posteriorly
      situated physical findings. This, and the difficulty with early roentgenographic
      demonstration of the lesion, may lead to unnecessary abdominal exploration (as in
      two of our patients) or to prolonged delay in diagnosis and hence spread of the
      infection. Awareness of the usual physical findings and prompt use of
      radioisotope scanning to localize the infection led to earlier diagnosis and
      avoidance of surgery in three patients seen recently. Antibiotic therapy, with or
      without surgery, led to cure in all patients, with minimum sequelae.

PMID- 956231
TI  - The use of the Zuelzer hook plate in fixation of olecranon fractures.
AB  - Twenty-five cases of fracture of the olecranon process were treated using a
      modification of the Zuelzer hook plate, and uniformly excellent or good results
      were obtained in all cases in which there were no other associated traumatic
      lesions about the elbow joint. Regardless of the degree of comminution of the
      fracture, obliquity of the fracture line, or age of the patient, almost a full
      range of motion was obtained in every case. No failure of the appliance or loss
      of position occurred in any case despite the fact that active motion was usually
      instituted in one to two weeks.

PMID- 956232
TI  - An intramedullary fixation device for the proximal part of the femur. Nine years'
      experience.
AB  - Nine years' experience with a combined intramedullary rod and triflanged nail in
      eighty-four non-pathological fractures in the subtrochanteric region of the femur
      is reported and a system of classifying these fractures based on morphology is
      offered. The appliance was successful in permitting early mobilization of
      patients and afforded a high rate of union of the fractures. The problems of
      varus displacement of the distal fragment and protrusion of the device into the
      joint were not encountered, and there was only one mechanical failure.

PMID- 956233
TI  - Progression of Paget's disease in the tibia. A case report.

PMID- 956234
TI  - Primary synovial chondromatosis of the ankle. A case report.
AB  - A case of primary diffuse synovial chondromatosis of the ankle with long-term
      follow-up is reported. Trauma is implicated as a precipitating factor. This
      unusual, distinctive synovial neoplasm presents readily recognizable pathological
      features (Fig. 2). Specific diagnostic criteria are presented. The differential
      diagnosis of primary synovial chondromatosis includes secondary reactive synovial
      chondromatosis and synovial chondrosarcoma. The usual sources of osteochondritic
      loose bodies, on the other hand, are traumatic joint disruption, osteoarthritis,
      and infectious disorders. Acute primary synovial chondromatosis is adequately
      treated by removal of the loose bodies and synovectomy. Postoperative prognosis
      is dependent on the stage of the disease at the time of surgery. In this acute
      case, the patient had minimum impairment, and ankle roentgenograms twenty years
      after the arthrotomy were normal (Fig. 3).

PMID- 956235
TI  - Superior dislocation of the patella fixed by interlocked osteophytes. A case
      report and review of the literature.

PMID- 956236
TI  - Myositis ossificans traumatica: a complication of tetanus. Report of a case and
      review of the literature.

PMID- 956237
TI  - Congenital diastasis of the inferior tibiofibular joint. Report of a case.

PMID- 956238
TI  - Candida costochondral osteomyelitis. Reprot of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 956239
TI  - The Klippel-Feil syndrome: early roentgenographic appearance and progression of
      the deformity. A reprot of two cases.

PMID- 956240
TI  - Recurrent traumatic dislocation of the hip. Report of a case.

PMID- 956241
TI  - Fifty-five year follow-up of a patient with bilateral hip disease: dysplasia of
      one hip and dislocation of the other. A case report.

PMID- 956242
TI  - The results of early treatment of typical congenital dislocation of the hip in
      Malmo.
AB  - The late results of early treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in the
      von Rosen splint have been recorded in a follow-up study of 111 children with an
      average age of ten years (range eight to sixteen). The clinical diagnosis had
      been made within two days of birth and in most cases confirmed by radiological
      examination. Splintage was in all cases begun within the first few days and
      maintained for an average period of ten weeks. Two cases of failure of the
      initial treatment were encountered but had good final results. The follow-up
      study included a radiological examination in which were recorded the general
      configuration of the joint, the CE-angle described by Wiberg, the presence or
      absence of an os acetabuli and the roundness of the femoral head. The findings
      were compared with those in a control group of 222 normal children. All the
      treated hips developed normally except for a single case of minor dysplasia and a
      single case of slight enlargement of the femoral head and neck following
      appearances suggestive of avascular necrosis at the age of two years.

PMID- 956243
TI  - Patello-femoral joint mechanics and pathology. 1. Functional anatomy of the
      patello-femoral joint.
AB  - Cadaver knee joints were mounted so that life-like forces of weight-bearing were
      simulated. The patello-femoral contact areas were defined under load throughout
      the range of movement by the dye method. During movement from extension to 90
      degrees of flexion a band of contact sweeps across the patella from inferior to
      superior pole, but the odd facet makes no contact. At about 135 degrees of
      flexion separate medial and lateral contact areas form, the medial one limited to
      the odd facet. From extension to 90 degrees of flexion the patella holds the
      quadriceps tendon away from the femur, but in further degrees of flexion an
      extensive "tendo-femoral" contact area forms. Between 90 degrees and 135 degrees
      of flexion the patella rotates and the ridge between the medial and odd facets
      engages the femoral condyle. The odd facet is shown to be a habitual non-contact
      area and the ridge to be subject to high load, observations which correlate with
      cartilage lesions described in Part 2 of the paper.

PMID- 956244
TI  - Patello-femoral joint mechanics and pathology. 2. Chondromalacia patellae.
AB  - Two distinct lesions affect the articular cartilage of the patella. Surface
      degeneration occurs particularly on the odd facet; it is age dependent, often
      present in youth and it becomes more frequent with increasing age. It probably
      does not occasion patello-femoral pain in youth, but may predispose to
      degenerative arthritis in that joint in later years and is regarded as a
      consequence of habitual disuse. The term "basal degeneration" is used to describe
      a lesion in which there is a fasciculation of collagen in the middle and deep
      zones of cartilage without, at first, affecting the surface. It was found astride
      the ridge separating the medial from the odd facet in twenty-three adolescents
      who had complained of prolonged patello-femoral pain. They were treated by
      excision of the disc of affected cartilage, with relief of pain in most cases.
      The pathogenesis of basal degeneration is related to the functional anatomy of
      the patella.

PMID- 956245
TI  - The Shiers arthroplasty of the knee.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed after Shiers
      arthroplasty of the knee joint for which the main indication was intractable
      pain. Seven patients had the operation done to both knees. This review was done
      to assess the long-term results two to seven years later. All patients were
      clinically and radiologically assessed, and our results showed that pain and
      instability recurred within eighteen months. Thus it is likely that a prosthesis
      which allows rotation, and in which the bearing surfaces are metal on plastic,
      will replace the Shiers prosthesis.

PMID- 956246
TI  - Pseudoarthrosis after spinal fusion for scoliosis.
AB  - A series of 246 patients with scoliosis and attempted fusion had exploration
      performed six months later in order to detect and treat any pseudarthrosis at an
      early stage and so prevent subsequent loss of correction. Bilateral or unilateral
      pseudarthroses occurred in 25 per cent and were of three types--definite,
      hairline and doubtful. Single unilateral pseudarthroses accounted for 6 per cent
      and were of little if any clinical significance. The hairline pseudarthroses
      could not be seen radiologically and were easily missed at exploration. In
      general the pseudarthroses were least common in the more rigid parts of the spine
      and in curves which by nature of their aetiology or long duration had become most
      rigid. Neither the initial severity of the curve nor the degree of correction
      obtained before the initial attempted fusion had any apparent effect on the
      incidence. Follow-up for an average of four years has shown that a pseudarthrosis
      is of little significance with regard to the ultimate result provided it is
      recognised early and repaired.

PMID- 956247
TI  - Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the head of the humerus. Natural history
      and management.
AB  - Ninety-five patients with steroid-induced avascular necrosis of bone have been
      personally treated by the author. Of these, eighteen had a lesion of the head of
      the humerus, on one or both sides. The conditions for which the steroids were
      given included post-transplantation, lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis and
      asthma. The characteristic lesion began as a subchondral osteolytic area which
      frequently progressed to collapse. The articular cartilage divided from the
      subchondral bone, either becoming detached as a free cap or at a later stage
      reattaching. In some cases the lesion was minimal and the symptoms were slight.
      Conservative treatment has consisted of pendulum exercises and avoidance of
      abduction, particularly against resistance. In fourteen patients this led to
      satisfactory function with only intermittent symptoms. Four patients required
      replacement of five humeral heads with Neer's prostheses. After one to seven
      years the results of all five were classified as excellent in terms of absence of
      symptoms and a free range of movement.

PMID- 956248
TI  - Anterior cervical subluxation.
AB  - Anterior subluxation of the cervical spine from flexion-rotational violence is
      often overlooked. Either radiography is omitted or the slight displacement
      visible on the films is not recognised. A method for recognising these injuries
      is suggested. Five cases are described showing that in these subluxations the
      soft-tissue damage is severe, that late increasing displacement can occur, with
      varying neurological sequelae, and that instability can persist indefinitely.
      Four of the patients required stabilisation by operation, in contrast with
      complete dislocations in which 80 to 90 per cent fuse spontaneously.

PMID- 956249
TI  - Hidden flexion injury of the cervical spine.
AB  - This paper describes seven patients who developed late vertebral deformity after
      flexion injuries of the cervical spine. In four the clinical and radiological
      features were subtle and because the patients walked into an emergency department
      the severity of the injury was not initially appreciated. Certain specific
      clinical and radiological features of flexion injury are described and emphasis
      is placed on the importance of correct management. A radiological tetrad is
      described which should alert the surgeon to the possibility of damage to the
      posterior interspinous complex of the cervical spine and so lead to further
      radiological investigations. Despite the frequency of flexion injuries the
      alarming complications described in this paper are rare.

PMID- 956250
TI  - Seat belt fractures of the cervical spine.
AB  - Three unusual injuries of the cervical spine in wearers of safety belts are
      reported. In each case, the presence of diagonal bruising and abrasions in the
      line of the sash strap indicated its involvement in the mechanism of the injury.

PMID- 956251
TI  - Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. Morphological studies in two cases examined at
      necropsy.
AB  - Specimens of femoral heads were studied at necropsy in two cases of Legg-Calve
      Perthes' disease. One was that of a boy aged four years ten months who died from
      appendicitis; the other was from a boy aged six years who died from a malignant
      glioma. Both had been treated for one and a half years for Legg-Calve-Perthes'
      disease which was in a stage of repair at the time of death. The diseased femoral
      heads were moderately flattened but the surface cartilage was intact. Epiphysial
      bone and bone marrow were partly replaced by cartilage, fibrous tissue and
      granulation tissue, and new bone was being formed. Inflammatory reaction was
      inconspicuous. Enchondral bone formation was only slightly decreased, and the
      structure of the growth plate was undisturbed. There was no sign of systemic bone
      disease. In the first case the changes indicated that more than one episode of
      ischaemia had occurred, and an occlusion--probably from an old thrombus--was
      demonstrated in the posterior inferior retinacular artery of the femoral head.
      The last episode of ischaemia, furthermore, had caused infarction of part of the
      metaphysial bone. In both cases, the central area of the metaphysial bone of the
      affected femur contained fat, but there were few haemopoietic cells and it
      therefore looked pale. The findings are discussed in relation to previous work on
      the pathology in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease, recent information on the
      vascularisation of the femoral head in children, and experimental and comparative
      animal studies.

PMID- 956252
TI  - Overgrowth of the femur after fracture of the shaft in childhood.
AB  - Twenty-six children conservatively treated for fracture of the femoral shaft have
      been reviewed with regard to differences in limb length seven to ten years after
      the injury. In nine patients the clinical measurements were checked against
      radiographic measurements of both femora and tibiae. The following conclusions
      were reached. Nearly two-thirds of the patients had overgrowth of the femur of 10
      millimetres or more. Shortening of 15 to 20 millimetres at the fracture site was
      well compensated for by accelerated growth. Growth acceleration seemed to take
      place during the healing period and the difference at the end of healing was
      permanent. Overgrowth was promoted by comminuted and long oblique fractures and
      by overriding of the fracture ends, but was not influenced by the age at
      fracture, the duration of treatment or the level of fracture of the shaft. Growth
      of the tibia was not affected by the femoral fracture.

PMID- 956253
TI  - Parastremmatic dwarfism.
AB  - A girl aged ten, of Cape Coloured stock, with typical features of parastremmatic
      dwarfism has been investigated. The clinical manifestations included
      disproportionate dwarfism, limb deformity, a short stiff neck, and marked
      thoracic kyphosis. The radiographic changes were dramatic, the skeleton having a
      "flocky" appearance due to patches of radiolucency in an irregular lattice of
      sclerosis. The metaphyses and epiphyses of the long bones were grossly expanded,
      and the vertebrae were flattened and distorted. The clinical and radiographic
      features of five other previously reported individuals with parastremmatic
      dwarfism were very similar to those of our patient. The differential diagnosis of
      this condition includes metatrophic dwarfism, diatrophic dwarfism and the
      spondylo-epiphysial dysplasias. However, the unique "flocky" radiographic
      appearance of the bones permits diagnostic precision. There is some evidence to
      indicate that parastremmatic dwarfism might be transmitted as an autosomal
      dominant, although this is by no means certain. The fact that our patient had
      seven normal siblings and unaffected parents would be compatible woth autosomal
      recessive inheritance.

PMID- 956254
TI  - Massive osteolysis complicated by chylothorax successfully treated by
      pleurodesis.
AB  - A rare complication of massive osteolysis (disappearing bones, Gorham's
      disease)is presented--namely involvement and invasion of the thoracic duct by the
      angiomatous tissue spreading locally from involved upper thoracic vertebrae. The
      resultant chylothorax in our patient was investigated and the site of the
      lymphatic fistula established by lymphography. Operative obliteration of the
      chylous leak was successfully achieved and the patient has survived. A review of
      the literature shows this complication to have been fatal in six other cases,
      including Gorham's first patient.

PMID- 956255
TI  - Madelung's disease of the wrist and dyschondrosteosis.
AB  - Twenty-six index patients with primary Madelung's deformity of the wrist were
      examined, as were sixty-five of their relatives. Standard radiographs were taken
      and measured to determine whether mesomelic dwarfism, a feature of
      dyschondrosteosis, was present. No case of mesomelia was found. No evidence of
      Madelung's deformity was found in the relatives of the index patients, who were
      all female. It is concluded that primary Madelung's deformity of the wrist is not
      an expressions of dyschondrosteosis, that it is not inherited, and that it does
      not occur in the male. One index patient with dyschondrosteosis was examined.
      Eight of her relatives were similarly affected, and three of these were male. It
      is suggested that previously recorded male cases of Madelung's deformity of the
      wrist were expressions of dyschondrosteosis or of secondary deformity.

PMID- 956256
TI  - A radiological sign of entrapment of the median nerve in the elbow joint after
      posterior dislocation. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two boys with entrapment of the median nerve in the elbow joint after closed
      reduction of a posterior dislocation with fracture of the medial epicondyle
      showed a characteristic radiological sign in the anteroposterior radiograph after
      two to three months. The sign was a depression in the cortex on the ulnar side of
      the distal humeral metaphysis, with interruption of the local periosteal
      reaction. At operation in both patients the depression was found to correspond
      with the place where the median nerve reached the posterior surface of the
      humerus. Radiographs taken after transverse section of the nerve above and below
      the joint capsule and end-to-end suture showed gradual disappearance of the
      cortical depression.

PMID- 956257
TI  - The control of pain after Keller's operation by the instillation of local
      anaesthetic before closure. A prospective controlled trial.
AB  - With the aim of controlling pain after Keller's operation, a solution of a long
      acting local anaesthetic was instilled into the field before closure in a series
      of thirty patients. In a controlled prospective trial this simple technique by
      itself proved to be significantly better than either foot block at the ankle or
      the usual analgesics and was free from local or systemic complications.

PMID- 956258
TI  - Waldeyer's hernia.
AB  - One of the rare sites of internal abdominal hernia is Waldeyer's peritoneal
      fossa. A case report in a young adult male is presented with preoperative
      roentgen diagnosis on a small bowel follow-through. Anatomic types of
      paraduodenal fossae are described and some points of surgical importance are
      stressed.

PMID- 956259
TI  - Venous intravasation of pantopaque during myelography. Report of two cases and a
      review of the literature.
AB  - Pantopaque venous intravasation, an uncommon complication of myelogram, has been
      reported since 1945. Traumatic spinal puncture has been known to be associated
      with Pantopaque venous intravasation, but its close relationship with the level
      of spinal puncture at the L5-S1 intervertebral disc space has not been
      emphasized. Spinal puncture at that level should be discouraged in order to
      prevent Pantopaque venous intravasation and pulmonary embolism during
      myelography.

PMID- 956260
TI  - Gastric leiomyoblastoma in a child.
AB  - A gastric leiomyoblastoma can occur in any age group, but the prognosis and sex
      distribution are different in the child-adolescent group than in adults. In the
      adult, the lesion is generally considered to be benign, though in the child
      adolescent group it may metastasize to regional lymph nodes. The possibility of a
      leiomyoblastoma is suggested by multicentric intramural gastric tumors discovered
      in a female child or adolescent who has had gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 956261
TI  - Spontaneous nephro-duodenal fistula.
AB  - Nephroduodenal fistulas are an uncommon clinical entity characterized by upper
      abdominal pain and associated with pyelonephritis and renal calculus formation.
      Most of the recent cases reported are secondary to inflammatory changes in the
      kidney. Two cases are reported here, one of a nephroduodenal fistula and another
      of a combined nephroduodenal and nephrocolic fistulae. Carefully monitored X-ray
      studies determined in both cases the exact site and extent of the fistulae. The
      optimal treatment is nephrectomy.

PMID- 956262
TI  - Resident evaluation - is our method effective?
AB  - In an earlier paper, "Resident Evaluation--Is Your Method Effective?", it was
      emphasized that the objectives for the residency program in Radiology should be
      clearly delineated and used to judge the performance of the resident in all
      stages of the training program. After having had approximately three years'
      experience in the use of the procedures outlined in the original paper, we are
      recommending some changes and modifications. The purpose of the evaluation is to
      provide clear and detailed evidence of the performance of the resident over the
      period of his training program. As outlined in the previous paper, the basic
      principles -- learning is a very individual matter, learning depends on the
      motivation of the individual, and learning depends on the satisfaction in the
      learning task--remain unaltered. Changes have been made in the design, execution
      and details of evaluation. The final sucess of any training program will
      necessarily be measured by the degree to which the residents attain the outlined
      objectives of the program and the degree to which the graduates of the program
      are accepted into the specialty by the accrediting bodies.

PMID- 956263
TI  - Half-body radiotherapy of advanced cancer.
AB  - Half-body radiotherapy to deliver doses up to 1000 rads in a single exposure
      evolved to meet a need in treating patients with advanced cancer. Large fields
      are required and a high radiation output. Treatments are well tolerated, although
      radiation sickness occurs in 80% of upper half and 33% of lower half-body
      treatments. Marrow depression is not a problem and the second half body can be
      treated when the peripheral blood count has returned to normal. Subjective
      improvement occurs in most patients and this group had a median survival of six
      months.

PMID- 956264
TI  - Localization of gallium-67 citrate in salivary glands following radiation
      therapy.
AB  - Gallium-67 citrate was found to localize in the salivary glands of eight patients
      after therapeutic doses of radiation to a treatment field including the glands.
      In two patients, autopsy evidence to the effect that no primary disease was
      present to explain such uptake was obtained. In another two patients the abnormal
      uptake was not observed on follow-up. The recognition that radiation sialadenitis
      is a potential cause of false-positive gallium scintiscans is important in their
      interpretation.

PMID- 956265
TI  - Ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic features of twenty-two cases of ataxia
      telangiectasia are reviewed. Severity of pulmonary manifestations tended to
      correlate closely with severity of immunodeficiency. Observations are made upon
      the problem of intercurrent malignancy in ataxia-telangiectasia. The radiographic
      studies of patients seen at the National Institutes of Health with A-T were
      reviewed retrospectively and correlated with degrees of immunodeficiency
      determined clinically. Three fairly distinct groups with high, intermediate and
      low incidence of sinopulmonary disease were found. Comment is made on the problem
      of increased malignancy in A-T and possible clues in the detection by the
      radiologist.

PMID- 956266
TI  - Angiographic demonstration of a thoracic aortic aneurysm with rupture into the
      pulmonary artery.
AB  - A case of rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm into the left pulmonary artery is
      presented. This is an unusual complication of an aortic aneurysm. The importance
      of angiography in its accurate and early diagnosis is described.

PMID- 956267
TI  - Roentgen features of the rheumatoid mid- and hindfoot.
AB  - The roentgen features of rheumatoid involvement of the mid- and hindfoot are
      analyzed utilizing anatomic and pathologic material from "control" and rheumatoid
      cadavers and a detailed radiographic study of a rheumatoid population.
      Characteristic findings include diffuse abnormalities predilecting the calcaneus,
      talocalcaneonavicular and tarsometatarsal joints with joint space narrowing, bony
      fusion and reactive sclerosis. Rheumatoid localization in the mid- and hindfoot
      is not unusual, particularly in long-standing disease, and is almost universally
      associated with metatarsophalangeal alterations.

PMID- 956268
TI  - Lipid vesicle-cell interactions. I. Hemagglutination and hemolysis.
AB  - The interaction of lipid vesicles (liposomes) of several different compositions
      with erythrocytes has been investigated. Lecithin liposomes, rendered positively
      charged with stearylamine, exhibit potent hemagglutination activity in media
      containing low concentrations of electrolytes. The hemagglutination titer is
      found to be a linear function of the zeta potential of the lipid vesicles.
      Hemagglutination is reduced when the surface potential of the cells is made more
      positive by pH adjustment or enzyme treatment. Similarly, hemagglutination is
      reduced by increasing concentrations of electrolytes. Hemagglutination is
      examined theoretically and is shown to be consistent with vesicle-cell
      interactions that are due to only electrostatic forces. Vesicles containing
      lysolecithin in addition to lecithin and stearylamine cause lysis of
      erythrocytes, provided the lipids of the vesicles are above the crystal-liquid
      crystal phase transition temperature. In addition, hemolysis requires close
      juxtaposition of the vesicle to the cell membrane; vesicles precoated with
      antibodies exhibit severely diminished hemolytic activities, only a small
      fraction of which can be attributed to a reduction in hemagglutination titer.
      Evidence is presented indicating that a single vesicle is sufficient to lyse one
      cell. With regard to hemagglutination and hemolysis, lipid vesicles of simple
      composition mimic paramyxoviruses such as Sendai virus.

PMID- 956269
TI  - Ultrastructure of mitosis in the cowpea rust fungus Uromyces phaseoli var.
      Vignae.
AB  - Aspects of the ultrastructure of mitotic nuclei of the fungus Uromyces phaseoli
      var. vignae are described from both intercellular hyphae in the cowpea host and
      infection structures induced to differentiate in vitro. The interphase nucleus
      associated organelle (NAO) consists of two trilamellar acircular disks connceted
      by an osmiophilic bar. The intranuclear spindle develops between these disks when
      they separate. The spindle contains pole to pole, interdigitating, chromosomal,
      and fragmentary microtubules arranged to form a central bundle along the surface
      of which lie the metaphase chromosomes. No metaphase plate is found. There are up
      to three microtubules per kinetochore and approximately 14 chromosomes on the
      haploid spindle. Telophase elongation appears to involve extension of pole to
      pole microtubules with no evidence for the remaining presence of interdigitating
      microtubules. Concomitantly, numerous cytoplasmic microtubules develop from each
      NAO disk where few or none are present in other phases. Reformation of the
      interphase NAO involves the formation of a sausage-shaped intermediate at late
      telophase. The nuclear envelope remains intact and the nucleolus persists
      throughtout division. Various aspects of the spindle and NAOs appear to be
      evolutionary intermediates between Ascomycetes and higher Basidiomycetes, thus
      supporting the theory of Basidiomycete evolution from the former group and
      demonstrating an encouraging correlation between mitotic characteristics and
      other phylogenetic markers.

PMID- 956270
TI  - Presence of adenylate cyclase activity in Golgi and other fractions from rat
      liver. II. Cytochemical localization within Golgi and ER membranes.
AB  - The presence of adenylate cyclase (AC) in liver Golgi and microsomal fractions
      from ethanol-treated rats was tested cytochemically using 5'-adenylyl
      imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) lead phosphate method. Parallel biochemical assays
      showed that rat liver Golgi AC was only partially inhibited by lead: in the
      presence of 1 mM Pb++ 80% of the enzyme was preserved, while when 2 mM Pb++ was
      used 25% remained. No cAMP was formed when the AMP-PNP medium was incubated in
      the presence of 1 or 2 mM Pb++ but in the absence of cell fractions, indicating
      that at these concentrations Pb++ does not cause the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of
      AMP-PNP. Therefore, the reaction product observed by cytochemical localization is
      not due to the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of AMP-PNP by Pb++. In Golgi subfractions,
      lead phosphate reaction product was widely distributed among Golgi elements: it
      was seen in association with the majority of the very low density lipoprotein
      filled secretory droplets which predominated in the two lightest Golgi fractions
      (GF1 and GF2) as well as within the majority of the cisternae found in the
      heaviest Golgi fraction (GF3). In the latter, reaction product was heaviest along
      the dilated peripheral rims of the cisternae. In all cases, the reaction product
      was localized to the outside or cytoplasmic face of the Golgi membranes. When
      microsomes were incubated cytochemically for AC, deposits were found on the
      cytoplasmic surface of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, but none were
      observed on rough ER membranes. The results confirm the biochemical data reported
      previously indicating the presence of AC in Golgi and smooth microsomal fractions
      from rat liver and further demonstrate that the activity is indeed indigenous to
      Golgi elements and not due to plasma membrane contaminants. They also indicate
      that AC is widely distributed among Golgi and smooth ER elements. Thus, AC is not
      restricted in its distribution to plasma membranes as usually assumed.

PMID- 956271
TI  - Exocytosis in secretory cells of rat lacrimal gland. Peroxidase release from
      lobules and isolated cells upon cholinergic stimulation.
AB  - Release of peroxidase from secretory cells of rat lacrimal gland upon cholinergic
      stimulation was studied in vitro with single lobules and isolated cells
      (lacrimocytes). Isolated lobules, kept in Eagle's medium, remain structurally
      intact and reaction product of peroxidase is confined to cisternae of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, elements of the Golgi apparatus, and all secretory
      granules. Morphologically, exocytosis occurs by membrane fusion and discharge of
      granule content. The highest rate of peroxidase released from lobules is observed
      at 10(-4) M carbamylcholine. The specific activity of peroxidase released into
      the medium is fourfold higher as compared to the lobules. Release of peroxidase
      is suppressed by atropine when added before or after the addition of
      carbamylcholine. At 4 degrees C, no peroxidase release occurs upon cholinergic
      stimulation. The exocytotic release of peroxidase is dependent on energy supply,
      as indicated by substantial inhibition (at 37 degrees C) under anoxic conditions
      or in the presence of dinitrophenol, KCN, or carboxyatractyloside. Furthermore,
      the process is sensitive to colchicine and vinblastine. Isolated lacrimocytes,
      consiting of 95% secretory acinar cells, are prepared by digestion with
      collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin. They retain the characteristic polarity
      of secretory cells in situ, and localization of peroxidase is the same as in
      lobules. Since isolated lacrimocytes respond to cholinergic stimulation in the
      same way as lobules, the receptors are not damaged by the isolation procedure and
      appear to be associated directly with the exocrine cell. Oxygen uptake by
      isolated lacrimocytes is about 14 nmol O2 X min-1 X 10(-6) cells; it is about
      doubled by uncoupling with dinitrophenol. Oxygen uptake rises by 20-30% above the
      resting rate upon cholinergic stimulation. This additional uptake is suppressed
      by atropine or by added cholinesterase, indicating that continuous receptor
      occupancy may be required for the energy demand by exocytosis. On the basis of
      the specific activity of peroxidase in the medium, the energy demand resulting
      from cholinergic stimulation is estimated to be 0.08 mumol ATP (or energy-rich
      phosphate bonds) per microgram of protein released from the lacrimocytes.

PMID- 956272
TI  - Initial attachment of baby hamster kidney cells to an epoxy substratum.
      Ultrastructural analysis.
AB  - In the presence of serum-containing medium, BHK cells attached and spread during
      a 1-h period onto a 3-5 nm thick serum layer absorbed on the substratum surface.
      The closest approach of the plasma membrane to the serum layer was observed to be
      about 9nm, which was determined by tilting the sectioned cells in a goniometer
      holder. Bundles of microfilaments or other cytoplasmic specializations were not
      observed in association with the regions of close contact. However, in the space
      between the plasma membrane and the adsorbed serum layer, a diffusely stained
      material could be visualized after fixation/staining by the tannic acid
      glutaraldehyde technique. This technique also permitted increased clarity of
      visualization of trilaminar appearance of the plasma membrane. The distribution
      and mobility of anionic sites on the surfaces of attached and spreading cells was
      determined by labeling with polycationic ferritin. We observed movement of
      polycationic ferritin into large clusters on the cell surface, collapse of cell
      surface microextensions, and endocytosis, all of which were similar to our
      previous findings utilizing cells in suspension. However, the absolute amount of
      ferritin bound to the upper cell surface was less than that previously observed
      when suspended cells were put under similar labeling conditions. Also,
      polycationic ferritin did not appear to penetrate between the lower cell surface
      and the substratum.

PMID- 956273
TI  - Transport and countertransport of thymidine in ATP depleted and thymidine kinase
      deficient Novikoff rat hepatoma and mouse L cells: evidence of a high Km
      facilitated diffusion system with wide nucleoside specificity.
AB  - Incubation of cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma and mouse L cells in a glucose-free
      basal medium containing 5 mM KCN and 5 mM iodoacetate for about 10 minutes
      resulted in a complete depletion of the cells of ATP. ATP-depleted wild type
      cells or thymidine kinase-deficient sublines of Novikoff or L cells took up
      thymidine rapidly from the medium without concentrating it intracellularly, and
      exhibited countertransport of thymidine. Thus uptake was by facilitated
      diffusion. This transport system differs from the substrate-specific, low-Km (0.5
      muM] thymidine transport system previously described for various types of
      cultured cells in that it exhibits an at least 100-fold higher Km and transports
      equally well various ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides. The results suggest that the
      rate-limiting step in thymidine incorporation into the nucleotide pool by wild
      type cells is phosphorylation rather than transport, or that the cells possess
      two transport systems, a facilitated diffusion system with low substrate
      specificity and a second system which involves substrate phosphorylation by
      thymidine kinase.

PMID- 956274
TI  - Density regulation of amino acid transport in cultured, androgen-responsive tumor
      cells.
AB  - In androgen-responsive cells, activity of a sodium-dependent transport system for
      neutral amino acids is shown to be density-dependent, whereas activity of a
      sodium-independent system is not.  Transport of the non-metabolizable amino
      acids, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid )alpha-aib) was largely sodium-dependent,
      wherease transport of cycloleucine (cyleu) was by  both sodium-dependent and
      sodium-independent systems.  The km for cyleu transport changed with density
      because only the sodium-dependent portion of this transport was density
      dependent.  By contrast, the Vmax for alpha-aib transport changed with density,
      indicating that either amount of functional membrane carrier of the activity of
      the sodium pump was affected.

PMID- 956275
TI  - Density regulation of amino acid transport in cultured, androgen-responsive
      tumour cells.
AB  - In androgen-responsive cells, activity of a sodium-dependent transport system for
      neutral amino acids is shown to be density-dependent, whereas activity of a
      sodium-independent system is not. Transport of the non-metabolizable amino acid,
      alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (alpha-aib) was largely sodium-dependent, whereas
      transport of cycloleucine (cyleu) was by both sodium-dependent and sodium
      independent systems. The Km for cyleu transport changed with density because only
      the sodium-dependent portion of this transport was density-dependent. By
      contrast, the Vmax for alpha-aib transport changed with density, indicating that
      either the amount of functional membrane carrier or the activity of the sodium
      pump was affected.

PMID- 956276
TI  - Density-dependent regulation of proliferation rate in cultured, androgen
      responsive, tumour cells.
AB  - Short-term cultures of androgen-responsive Shionogi 115 (S115) cells exhibited
      density-dependent regulation of proliferation rate in the presence or absence of
      testosterone. The average surface area per cell exposed to the growth medium was
      inversely proportional to population density. By contrast, long-term cultures
      (serially passaged in testosterone-containing medium for several months) did not
      exhibit density-dependent regulation of proliferation rate when grown in
      testosterone-containing medium. In this medium, cells became elongated and no
      longer exhibited any obvious decrease in exposed surface area with increasing
      density. Nevertheless, when subcultured into testosterone-free medium, these
      cells reverted to an epithelial morphology and exhibited density-dependent
      regulation of proliferation rate. These relationships suggested that the
      proliferation rate of cells decreased with density in proportion to the decrease
      in exposed surface area...

PMID- 956277
TI  - Cell cycle dependent changes in potassium transport.
AB  - K transport has been investigated during progression of cultured Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells through the cell cycle. Using a double thymidine block technique,
      Ehrlich cells carried in continuous culture have been synchronized, as verified
      by simultaneous monitoring of cell number, cell volume, 3H-thymidine
      incorporation and mitotic index. Unidirectional influx, efflux and cell content
      of K have been monitored throughout the cell cycle. The nature of the pump
      mediated, ouabain-sensitive K flux and the furosemide-sensitive component of K
      flux, presumably representing K-K exchange, have also been evaluated. In early S
      period the ouabain sensitive component, representing the Na-K pump, comprises 52%
      of the total unidirectional K influx and subsequently declines during G2 period
      to a minimum of 40% in mid G2. During M and early S the activity again rises. As
      the ouabain sensitive component becomes maximal in late S period, the furosemide
      sensitive component diminishes from approximately 30% of the total influx to
      approximately 10%. The same pattern is observed in the G2 period. As the pump
      component diminishes, the furosemide sensitive component increases. Furosemide
      sensitive K efflux has also been monitored and the pattern is equivalent to that
      observed in the invlux studies. No change in net K flux is observed in the
      presence of furosemide. This indicates that the furosemide sensitive component
      represents an exchange component for K. These results are consistent with the
      conclusion that the alterations in exchange and pump fluxes are physiological
      events associated with progression of the cell cycle.

PMID- 956278
TI  - Reversible independent alterations in glucose transport and metabolism in
      cultured human cells deprived of glucose.
AB  - We have measured uptake of 3H-hexoses into diploid human cells by exposing them
      to brief pulses of isotopic sugar during the log-growth, subconfluent-growth, and
      confluent-growth (contact inhibited) phases of the strain HSWP derived from human
      skin. 3H-deoxyglucose appears to be taken up three times faster than 3H-glucose.
      After exposure to 3H-glucose for longer than one minute, the cells excrete
      approximately 70% of the isotope into the medium as lactate. If lactate
      production (and hence excretion) is abolished by treating the cellls with
      iodoacetic acid or dinitrofluorobenzene, neither of which inhibits transport, the
      uptake of 3H-glucose is found to be in fact somewhat larger than that of 3H
      deoxyglucose. If cells are deprived of glucose for 24 hours, apparent uptake of
      3H-glucose is enhanced 10-fold or more. This latter increase is accounted for by
      2- to 3-fold enhancement of true transport plus retention of greater than 90% of
      the radioactivity, since little lactate is formed or excreted in glucose-deprived
      cells. Deoxyglucose, galactose, or pyruvate when present during glucose
      deprivation each have quantitatively different effects on the cells' capacity to
      produce lactate from a short pulse of glucose, but none of them prevents the
      enhancement of hexose transport. After restoration of 5 mM glucose to starved
      cells, their metabolsim returns to normal (in the sense that approximately 70% of
      the glucose taken up in a pulse is again excreted as lactate), with a half-time
      of 0.5 hour; but the transport of hexoses returns to control levels much more
      slowly, with a half-time of approximately 6 hours. The two processes appear to be
      independently regulated.

PMID- 956279
TI  - Effect of ESF preparations on different types of erythroblasts.
AB  - A new method of quantitative (14)C-autoradiography was applied for evaluating
      possible effects of erythropoietin(ESF) on the DNA synthesis rate of
      differentiated erythroid murine bone marrow cells identified as proerythroblasts,
      basophilic and polychromatic erythroblasts...

PMID- 956280
TI  - Effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the appearance of cytoplasmic poly-A containing
      RNA.
AB  - Cytoplasmic poly-A containing RNA, synthesized by cultured chick embryo cells,
      was examined during growth in 5-bromodeoxyuridine. The kinetics of 3H-adenosine
      incorporation into this species of RNA, when compared to the rest of the
      cytoplasmic RNA, and to control cells, indicates that the rate of synthesis of
      this RNA is slower in BrdU treated cells. An examination of the rate at which a
      steady state distribution of radioactivity, between the poly-A segment and non
      poly-A portion of poly-A containing RNA is reached also indicated that this
      species is synthesized at a lower rate in BrdU treated cells.

PMID- 956281
TI  - Growth abnormalities of cultured human skin fibroblasts derived from individuals
      with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum.
AB  - A heritable propensity to develop malignant lesions is found in individuals with
      familial adenomatosis of the colon an rectum (ACR) and the Gardner's syndrome
      variant, an autosomal dominant trait. In the present study, the growth
      characteristics of cultured skin fibroblasts (SF) derived from normal-appearing
      flat skin biopsies of ACR families, representing all phenotypes, and appropriate
      controls were investigated. SF were obtained from stocks between the second and
      fifth passages and growth to confluency in Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium
      (EMEM) supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum (FCS). Following trypsinization,
      cells were replanted in EMEM supplemented with either 1% or 15% FCS at an initial
      density of 4 x 10(3) cells/cm2 and counted daily for five days. Normal SF
      representing several age groups (both sexes) and those obtained from non
      afflicted individuals of ACR families grew only in 15% FCS. In contrast, SF from
      ACR subjects and from embryonal skin grew both in 1% and 15% FCS. SF from several
      clinically asymptomatic adults, children or ACR patients, grew in 1% FCS as well.
      Cell cultures from ACR individuals showed regions of criss-crossed arrays and
      multilayered pattern. These growth properties were not observed in normal cell
      cultures. The SF from ACR individuals did not grow in methocel, nor did they form
      tumors in athymic mice. These results suggest the occurrence of previously
      undetected biochemical alterations in SF taken from ACR genotypes.

PMID- 956282
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase inactivation in HeLa cells.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) can be induced up to 100-fold over basal levels
      four hours after addition of glutamine to the medium of HeLa cells growing in
      suspension culture. As demonstrated in several other cell types, ODC is
      inactivated very rapidly in HeLa cells, and the rate of inactivation is seen to
      vary with a half life of 9-15 minutes in uninduced cells and rises to ca. 60
      minutes at the peak of induction. Quantitatively, the change in rate of
      inactivation cannot completely account for the observed rise in activity, thus
      synthesis or activation of ODC must also be involved in the induction process.
      The inactivation process requires metabolic energy and it can be sustained by
      glycolytic derived energy. Other factors which are known to inhibit protein
      breakdown in mammalian cells, such as sodium fluoride, insulin, or tosyl
      phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, had no effect on the rate of inactivation of
      ODC. Attempts to demonstrate ODC inactivation in a cell free system at neutral pH
      were unsuccessful.

PMID- 956283
TI  - Selective isolation of reversible cold sensitive variants from Chinese hamster
      ovary cell cultures.
AB  - Variants of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-KI (ATTCCCL61)which grow
      almost normally at 38.5C but very poorly or not at all at 30C were obtained after
      treatment with mutagens and application of an indirect selection procedure.  Two
      kinds of variants were recovered.  In the first of these, the cold sensitive
      phenotypw is expressed completely only at low cell densities.  At higher cell
      desity, growth continues at the nonpermissive temperature, but at a reduced rate.
      In the second class, the cold snesitive phenotype is independent of cell
      density.  Two members of the  latter class were studied in detail.  In both
      lines, after shift to the nonpermissive temperature, the rateof H-thymidine
      incorporation declines markedly; the rates of H-uridine and H-phenylalanine
      uptake are less drastically reduced.  Autoradiographs indicate that the decline
      in thymidine uptake at the nonpermissive temperature is due to an elongation of
      part of the cell cycle, so that a smaller proportion of the cells lie in the
      synthetic (S) phase of the cell cycle with a consequent reduction in the fraction
      labeled cells.  The uridine labeling patterns of the mutants appear to rule out a
      ribsomal lesion.  Low temperature growth inhibition of both cell strains was
      reversible.  In one of the cell lines, an apparent stretching of the cells at the
      low temperature produces substantial alterations in cell shape.

PMID- 956284
TI  - Growth of in vitro colony-forming cells from normal human peripheral blood
      leukocytes cultured in diffusion chambers.
AB  - The growth of granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C) in diffusion chambers
      during culture of peripheral blood leukocytes from 10 normal subjects has been
      studied. At various times after initiation of diffusion chamber culture, cells
      harvested from the chambers were transferred to agar culture for measurement of
      CFU-C concentration. Under these conditions colonies could be grown successfully
      in agar culture provided pronase, necessary for the chamber harvesting procedure,
      was first removed by careful washing. A marked increase in the number of CFU-C,
      up to 25-fold the initial value, was observed in 8 out of 10 subjects. Here the
      growth pattern was similar, independent of the initial CFU-C throughout the
      diffusion chamber culture period was very poor. The growth of CFU-C from a given
      individual's blood was shown to be reproducible in repeated studies in 2
      subjects, one of whom showed a proliferative and the other a non-proliferative
      pattern. Evidence suggests that the increase in CFU-C in diffusion chambers is
      the result of both self-renewal of these cells and influx from a more primitive
      compartment, although the present data do not allow an estimate of the relative
      magnitude of each.

PMID- 956285
TI  - [Wirsung's duct and chronic pancreatitis. Changes in the morphology of the
      pancreatic ducts after pancreatic duct shunts. 23 cases followed-up].
AB  - The authors study in chronic pancreatitis the morphology of Wirsung's duct in 31
      patients who had undergone repeated operations, 23 of them were submitted in a
      first stage to an anastomosis between the pancreatic duct and the digestive
      tract. The main causes of failure were obstructions of the anastomosis, biliary
      complications and continuation of the pancreatic disease. The difference in
      prognosis between pancreatitis with a dilated pancreatic duct, and those with a
      filiform duct, is perhaps due to lesions of different histological appearance and
      course. The best results were obtained in patients able to give up alcohol and in
      whom it was possible to carry out a broader anastomosis on a dilated and
      unobstructed pancreatic duct.

PMID- 956286
TI  - [Surgical treatment of stage II arteriopathies of the lower limbs].
AB  - The authors report their results of 218, operations carried out in patients at
      stage II of peripheral arterial disease during the period 1970 to 1974. In 138
      patients who were submitted to direct surgery, the results appeared specially
      satisfactory in cases of aorto-iliac and ilio-femoral obstruction (83 and 87 p.
      100 good results at 4 years). They were still 76 p. 100 in cases of femoro
      popliteal obstruction.

PMID- 956287
TI  - [Contribution of scintigraphy in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Apropos of 200
      examinations].
AB  - The authors report 200 examinations and discuss the role of radio-isotope scans
      of the pancreas with electronic subtraction of the liver image in acute and
      chronic pancreatitis. As an emergency, the examination is of definite diagnostic
      value, the absence of fixation with a suggestive clinical context, is strong
      evidence of pancreatic disease and normal uptake eliminates the latter. On the
      other hand, in painful syndromes in which chronic pancreatitis is suggested, the
      diagnostic interest is very limited for the low uptake on radio-isotope scan
      occurs at a late stage and is not specific. Radio-isotope scans are worth a place
      in exploration of the pancreas in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 956288
TI  - [Revascularization of arteries of the leg by bypass in chronic arteriopathies of
      the lower limbs. Apropos of 50 cases].
AB  - The authors report 50 by-pass operations followed up for from 6 months to 4
      years, which were designed to restore the blood supply via the leg arteries in
      peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs. 40 patients were at stages III
      and IV; acute ischemia required emergency operation in 6 cases. 2 Patients died
      immediately after operation. 30 by-passes remained permeable. A cure of the
      trophic disorder and a functional improvement were obtained in 39 patients with
      only 8 subsequent amputations. In the light of the world literature and their
      personal experience they discuss the main pronostic factors and the indications
      for this method which has proved to be a remarkable progress in the treatment of
      severe arterial disease of the lower limbs.

PMID- 956289
TI  - [Amputations for arteritis. Criteria of choice of the level of the amputation].
AB  - The practice in arteritis, of economic amputations conserving the knee, is
      justified by the better quality of the functional results obtained and, also, the
      risk of later bilateral amputation. This risk, in the series studied here was
      estimated at 21.6 p. 100. This conservative attitude does, however, have certain
      risks, the main risk being the necessity for a new amputation at a higher level.
      The proportion of failures leading to high mid-thigh amputation was of the order
      of 22 p. 100. To ensure the best possible security in economic amputations, it is
      important to respect a certain number of criteria which are studied here: the
      general and psychological condition of the patient, the arteriographic findings,
      the functional investigations and, finally, the operative test which assesses the
      vitality of the tissues at the level of the area of section.

PMID- 956290
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of varicocele and therapeutic conclusions].
AB  - The many pathogenic theories for varicocele, mostly hypothetic, have shown the
      uncertainty of the cause of the disease including the use of the word
      "essential". Anatomical, phlebomanometric and phlebographic studies determined
      the main cause of varicocele, the short course of the aorto-mesenteric artery
      which, by stricture of the left renal vein in the standing position, produces
      reno-spermatic venous reflux producing varicose dilatation of the left spermatic
      plexus and, thus, varicocele. In addition to this main cause, the vascular
      background with a qualitative deficiency of the connective tissue and prolonged
      standing during work, are the main factors which favour the onset of varicocele.
      An active, early therapeutic attitude and high ligature of the left spermatic
      vein give the best results.

PMID- 956291
TI  - [Jejuno and ileo-ileal invaginations revealing mutiple melanic metastases of the
      small intestine. Case report].
AB  - The authors report the case of 60 year old man with multiple jeuno-ileal
      metastases from a malignant melanoma of the skin revealed by jejuno-jejunal
      intussusceptions. In the light of this case, the authors emphasize the frequency
      and preferential localisation of these metastases at the level of the jejunum and
      ileum, the usual mildness of their symptoms until the day where acute obstruction
      requires laparotomy. The multiple lesions, their diversity and their very rapid
      course.

PMID- 956292
TI  - [Treatment of cutaneous nevocarcinomas].
AB  - For long, malignant melanoma of the skin was never treated other than surgically;
      in spite of considerable effort in this field, a large number of them remained
      with a very poor prognosis. In the severest cases, it was noted that the
      prognosis was little influenced by recent therapeutic progress. The latter,
      however, in the light of recent experience, seemed to justify the hope which was
      placed in it initially. The object of this report is to relate modern progress in
      the treatment based on clinical and pathological findings. It is the result of
      work undertaken during recent years by the research group on malignant melanomas
      of the Lariboisiere-Saint-Louis hospitals.

PMID- 956293
TI  - [Research on intrazygoportal disconnection by use of Vosschulte's ring.
      Experimental study in the dog].
AB  - The disappointing results of porta-caval anastomosis in the treatment of portal
      hypertension have led surgeons to treat directly oesphageal varices by
      interazygoportal disconnection through Vosschulte's ring. An experimental study
      on 29 dogs, permitted the authors to make several discoveries. The ring
      introduced through the pylorotomy should have a caliber identical to that of the
      oesphagus. The course of the stricture then occurs towards mutilant annular
      fibrosis of all the oesphageal wall. The marked morbidity due to regurgitation
      linked to stenosis, may be reduced by early instrumental dilatation.

PMID- 956294
TI  - [Pre-operative irradiation in the treatment of cancers of thoracic esophagus].
AB  - The authors analyse an homogeneous series (2 operators) of 650 patients operated
      on for thoracic oesophageal carcinoma, of which 185 were submitted to pre
      operative irradiation with cobalt. Irradiation led to a definite increase in the
      resectability rate 74 p. 100 as against 62 p. 100. There was an increase in the
      mid-term survival rate, especially an increase of 5 p. 100 at 2 years, 8 p. 100
      at 3 years, 6 p. 100 at 4 years; The 5 survival rate was little modified. It was
      12 p. 100 for 290 cases, resection alone, and 15 p. 100 for 137 resections after
      irradiation.

PMID- 956295
TI  - [Surgical treatment of villous tumors of the rectum].
AB  - Out of 36 villous tumours observed in 31 patients, 50 p. 100 were sessile and
      1/3rd were degenerated, their degeneration was much more frequent in the case of
      sessile villous tumours. There were 5 biopsy errors. Out of 23 villous tumours,
      class A, 11 underwent local removal with two relapses, 7 recto-sigmoidal
      resections and 3 amputations of the rectum and 2 Hartmann operations. Out of 12
      villous tumours classified as B and C, 5 underwent local removal, 4 resections, 3
      palliative amputations. In all, there were 5 relapses. Tumours class C are severe
      and have the same prognosis as carcinoma of the rectum. Certain benign villous
      tumours are very difficult to remove locally owing to their broad base and their
      volume, which may necessitate mutilation. The present therapeutic attitude of the
      authors is due to the severity of relapses which may be seen late and possible
      biopsy errors. Broad removal is recommended for benign villous tumours which are
      broadly implanted and very voluminous. If the villous tumour is above the pouch
      of Douglas, resection is preferable to local removal. On the other hand, local
      removal is justified for benign villous tumours placed above the pouch of
      Douglas, which may be pediculated or sessile with a narrow base and with normal
      neighbouring mucosa.

PMID- 956296
TI  - [Uretero-ileoplasty in bilharzian uretero-hydronephrosis].
AB  - The authors report 22 cases of uretero-ileo-plasty for uretero-hydronephrosis due
      to schistosomiasis. The indications for operation depend on the following
      criteria: the degree of dilatation which varies from simple atonia to very large
      hydronephrosis which one must not wait for, ureteral stenosis, vesico-ureteral
      reflux, the degree of renal failure assessed by studies of creatinine and urea
      clearance and the resistance to treatment. The operative technique which is not
      specific for bilharziasis includes uretero-ileo-plasty which is often bilateral,
      for even in asymmetrical cases, the least affected ureter is often of poor
      quality. There were failures in two cases due to irreversible renal failure, and
      in two cases, due to peritonitis. The late results of the other cases appear very
      favourable: increased vesical capacity, diminution of cystalgia, comfort and
      improved, general health, were the main factors. Stenosis of the anastomosis,
      vesico-ureteral reflux and urinary infection, acidosis, lithiasis are rare or not
      very severe.

PMID- 956297
TI  - [Diagnostic traps and procedure to follow in radio-invisible biliary calculi].
AB  - Instead of the term biliary microlithiasis, the authors prefer the general
      concept of radio-invisible biliary lithiasis. The size, the homogeneity, the site
      and chemical composition of the gall stones, which are the usual criteria of
      biliary microlithiasis, also are valid for radio-invisibility; thus the
      diagnostic traps are the only original characteristics of a pathology with hazy
      outlines, defined as one which escapes well conducted a radiological exploration.
      Biliary micro-lithiasis therefore raises a triple problem. The indications for
      biliary surgical exploration, in spite of normal cholangiography, seem to us
      undoubted in acute relapsing pancreatitis, once the usual medical causes have
      been eliminated. It should be more relative in pure biliary pain which first
      requires, not only repeated cholangiography, but also constant clinical and
      laboratory signs which suggest that the symptoms are organic and that gall stones
      are in formation. After laparotomy, cholecystectomy is required, not only in
      perceptible lithiasis, but also when the gall bladder bile contains mud, debris,
      sand or cholesterol spheroids. In the other cases, the choice between abstention
      or cholecystectomy depends on the clinical and laboratory context. The surgical
      attitude with regard to the common bile duct is discussed in three possibilities
      depending on the case, e.g. routine exploration, abstention or exploration in
      certain cases.

PMID- 956298
TI  - [Synovectomies of the knee. Apropos of 47 cases tuberculous synovitis].
AB  - The authors carried out synovectomy of the knee in 70 cases, including 47 for
      tuberculous synovitis, with follow up periods of 2 years and half to 18 years.
      The subjects included: -30 children from 2 to 15 years; -17 adults from 16 to 50
      years, with 3 cases of more than 50 years. RESULTS: Very good: greater or equal
      to 110 degrees in 2 cases; -Good: greater or equal to 90 degrees in 26 cases; 
      Average: greater or equal to 45 to 90 degrees in 11 cases; -Poor: less than 45
      degrees in 8 cases. The authors believe that synovectomy in tuberculous synovitis
      of the knee without an osteocartilagenous lesion, or with slight lesions of the
      joint is more efficacious than medical treatment alone and may shorten the
      duration of treatment.

PMID- 956299
TI  - [Stenosis of the small intestine after strangulated hernia].
AB  - Return to the abdominal cavity of an intestinal loop which had suffered from
      ischemia, may induce, after a free interval, disordered transit or frank
      intestinal obstruction, sometimes peritonitis. This is always dangerous,
      especially in elderly patients. The authors report 5 cases which illustrate this
      danger, in daily surgery, and recall the rules for treatment of strangulated
      hernia.

PMID- 956300
TI  - [5 kg sternal chondroma, treated by resection and silastic prosthesis.
      Satisfactory result].
AB  - Resection of the sternum and adjacent, cartilages raises difficult problems of
      reconstruction. The tumour, which, exceeding 5 kg was considered histologically
      as a chondroma, was replaced by a silastic prosthesis with an excellent result 13
      months later.

PMID- 956301
TI  - [Round table: Responsibility of the surgeon in his team].

PMID- 956302
TI  - [Meeting on medico-surgical resuscitations].

PMID- 956303
TI  - [Route of approach of distal deep femoral artery].
AB  - Proximal implantation of by-passes between the femoral and popliteal or femoral
      and leg arteries, may be carried out on the middle portion of the profunda
      femoris artery, between the first and second perforating arteries. An approach
      some distance from Scarpa's triangle, permits one to reach fairly easily, within
      a muscular triangle between the vastus medialis and the adductor longus. Two
      cases illustrate the interest of this route of approach described in Lyons for
      the first time in 1970.

PMID- 956304
TI  - [Our indications in surgical treatment of supra-condylar fractures of the femur].
AB  - The treatment of supracondylar fractures of the femur should be surgical. The
      authors consider the requirements of a strict technic of osteosynthesis. The use
      for this purpose: either a plate and strip, or a plate and screw, and justify
      their respective indications.

PMID- 956305
TI  - [Injuries of Lisfranc's joint: severe sprains, dislocations, fractures. Study of
      39 personal cases and biomechanical classification].
AB  - A study of 39 cases permitted us an analysis of the lesions of Lisfranc's joint,
      from severe fracture dislocation to fractures which are rarely reported in this
      joint. Standard XRay views seem to us insufficient and we propose carrying out
      oblique views and, sometimes, tomographic views. We were thus able to obtain
      information permitting a mechanical functional classification, and thus interpret
      the lesions in relation to the cause and thus adapt treatment. A long-term follow
      up of 23 cases suggests frequently invaliding sequelae after involvement of the
      tarso-metatarsal joints. The authors suggest resection and arthrodesis
      straightaway in dislocations.

PMID- 956306
TI  - [Intraperitoneal rupture of pseudocysts of the pancreas. Apropos of 6 cases].

PMID- 956307
TI  - [Duodeno-colic fistula due to cancer of the right colon].
AB  - The author presents a case of duodeno-colic fistula revealing carcinoma of the
      right hepatic flexure showing the difficulty of surgery. A right hemi-colectomy
      enlarged to the duodenum and pancreas is the ideal operation from a curative
      point of view, but rarely possible owing to the age of the patient and the
      constitutional background. The risk of breakdown of duodenal sutures, which is
      sometimes technically difficult after colonic removal, is far from negligible.
      The results of by-pass operations, with or without exclusion of the fistula, are
      poor and uncertain.

PMID- 956308
TI  - [A new methods of gastroplasty after total gastrectomy].
AB  - The author describes a new procedure which he has studied himself in order to
      restore alimentary transit after total gastrectomy for carcinoma. This requires
      raising a jejunal loop using Roux' technique in the retrocolic position and
      anastomosis to the end of the duodenum below, and end-to-side anastomosis is then
      made with the end of the esophagus. Finally, the author discusses the advantages
      of this operation.

PMID- 956309
TI  - Gas chromatographic analysis of heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of some carbamate
      insecticides.
AB  - The gas chromatography (GC) of a number of carbamate insecticides as their
      heptafluorobutyryl derivatives has been studied. The reaction makes use of
      heptafluorobutyric anhydride with trimethylamine in benzene as a catalyst.
      Conversion of the insecticides to their products is complete in 15-20 min at room
      temperature. The same reaction proved satisfactory for trifluoroacetylation. The
      excess reagent and trimethylamine are removed by partitioning with water in the
      reaction test tube. An aliquot of the organic phase is used for analysis. The
      heptafluorobutyryl derivatives are stable for several days on the lab bench
      without removal of the aqueous phase from the test tube. GC detection was carried
      out with a Coulson conductivity detector in the halogen (reductive) mode. About
      1.0 ng produced a 50% full-scale response for most of the carbamates (3 min
      retention time) on 3% OV-1. This method was applied to the analysis of several
      carbamates spiked in corn, mustard greens, turnip greens, lettuce and cabbage.

PMID- 956310
TI  - Sephadex LH-20 multiple-column chromatography for the simultaneous separation of
      progesterone, deoxycorticosterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone from small
      plasma samples.
AB  - A simple and convenient chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous
      and complete separation of the unconjugated steroids progesterone,
      deoxycorticosterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone on 40-cm columns of Sephadex
      LH-20 using a water-saturated solvent system containing n-heptane-chloroform
      (1:1) plus 0.25% of ethanol. Manual operation of up to ten columns run in
      parallel is facilitated by the use of graduated, cylindrical, solvent reservoirs
      on top of the columns. Thus, negligible column-to-column, and only limited day-to
      day, variations occur in the elution patterns, and constant high recoveries are
      obtained. When combined with a previously described 60-cm LH-20 chromatography,
      eight important corticosteroids can be isolated individually from 16 to 20 small
      plasma samples per day.

PMID- 956311
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography for detection of peptide cleavage or integrity during
      reactions of the Z-alanylglycines with aniline or phenylhydrazine under papain
      catalysis.
AB  - Z-l-Ala-gly and Z-dl-ala-gly can yield anilides and phenylhydrazides through
      peptide cleavage or peptide integrity during papain-catalyzed reactions with
      aniline (NH2Ph) or phenylhydrazine (NH2NHPh). Since Z-d-ala-gly yielded only
      uncleaved Z-d-ala-gly-NHPh or Z-d-ala-gly-NHNHPh, these were used as standards in
      thinlayer chromatography (TLC) for detecting integrity. Known Z-l-ala-NHPh and Z
      l-ala-NHNHPh were the standards for cleavage. Depending on the time of
      incubation, cleaved or unsplit products, or both, were readily detected. The
      solvent systems that were used for TLC were also effectively employed for
      separations of reasonable amounts of mixtures of cleaved and uncleaved products
      through thick-layer chromatography on Chrom AR. This was followed by isolation of
      the separated components.

PMID- 956312
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography of nucleosides. Derivatization and chromatography.
AB  - The aims of this investigation were to establish the optimum reaction conditions
      for silylation of nucleotides with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA)
      and to investigate the chromatographic properties of the following nucleosides:
      adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymine, inosine, xanthosine, and uridine. Closed
      tube silylations were performed with a 1000 molar excess of BSTFA at 25, 75, 120,
      150, and 175 degrees for 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min. The optimal time and
      temperature for derivatization were found to be 150 degrees and 15 min. Using
      these reaction conditions, samples were then silylated with 50, 100, 200, 500,
      and 1000 molar excess of BSTFA; a molar excess of 225 was best. The stability of
      the nucleoside derivatives on standing at room temperature for 1-7 days was
      investigated. Quantitative gas-liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl (TMS)
      nucleosides can be performed if samples are analyzed within 48 h, after which
      time the relative weight response for the nucleosides decreased somewhat.
      Chromatographic column studies were made using various liquid phases and
      supports. With methylsiloxanes as the liquid phase, Supelcoport as support was
      found to be superior. Resolution of TMS guanosine from TMS cytidine was attempted
      at different column lengths using 3% (w/w) SE-30 on Supelcoport, different
      loadings (%, w/w) of SE-30 on Supelcoport, and different polarity liquid phases,
      4% (w/w) OV-11 or 3% (w/w) OV-17 or 4% (w/w) Dexsil-300 on Supelcoport. A
      complete separation of the six ribonucleosides including guanosine and cytidine
      was obtained with 1 m x 4 mm I.D. glass columns of 4% (w/w) OV-11 and 3% (w/w) OV
      17 on 100-120 mesh Supelcoport. It was observed that with 2'-deoxycytidine, one
      obtains the TMS cytosine peak (retention temperature 150 degrees) plus another
      peak with a retention temperature of 120 degrees, under all derivatization
      conditions with BSTFA and bis(trimethylsilyl)-acetamide. Similar formation of
      bases from other 2'-deoxyribonucleosides occurred when the molar excess of BSTFA
      was greater than 500. The minimal detectable amounts obtained for all the
      nucleosides ranged from 5 to 10 ng injected with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.
      The relative standard deviations for all nucleosides and deoxynucleosides ranged
      from 1.2 to 4.8% on different methylsiloxanes on Supelcoport columns.

PMID- 956313
TI  - Separation of nucleic acid hydrolysis products, purines, pyrimidines,
      nucleosides, nucleotides, ribonucleic acid hydrolyzates, and mixtures from
      nucleotide syntheses by column chromatography on amberlite XAD-4.
AB  - Amberlite XAD-4 resin has been studied as a support for liquid-solid column
      chromatography. By coating the resin with triethylammonium bicarbonate, a new and
      unique separation of nucleic acid components has been achieved. Separations are
      accomplished with a linear gradient of this buffer from 0.1 to 0.4 M. Separation
      occurs in the following order: inorganic phosphate, purine or pyrimidine bases,
      5'-monophosphates, nucleosides and 5'-diphosphates or 5'-triphosphates; the
      2'(3')-monophosphates are eluted after either the 5'mono-, di-or triphosphates.
      The bases and nucleosides are separated in the order: cytosine, uracil, guanine
      and adenine. Inorganic phosphate and the nucleotides are eluted in the order:
      inorganic phosphate 5'-mono, di- and tri-phosphates. Excellent separation of the
      5'-monophosphates and the 2'(3')-monophosphates is now possible. In each series
      of 5'-mono-, di- and tri-phosphates or 2'(3')-monophosphates, the elution order
      is generally cytidine, uridine, guanosine and adenosine. By use of water instead
      of coating the resin with triethylammonium bicarbonate, the nucleotides and
      inorganic phosphate are found in the void volume; adenine is eluted very slowly,
      whereas adenosine is not eluted. Adenosine is eluted only with ethanol-water
      (1:3). The method is advantageous in that the recovery is quantitative, the
      buffer is easily removed, the capacity of the column is large (35 mugmoles
      pergram of resin), flow-rates are high, the time required is short and
      separations of combinations of inorganic phosphate, bases, nucleosides and
      nucleotides are now possible that previously could not be accomplished.

PMID- 956314
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of tienilic acid (SKF 62.698) in human
      plasma and urine.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of
      tienilic acid (SKF 62.698), a diuretic with uricosuric properties, in human 
      plasma and urine. The method, which is based on the methylation of the compound,
      is rapid, specific and sensitive. The lowest level accurately determined is about
      50 ng/ml in plasma and 1 mug/ml in urine. The first results from a human
      volunteer are given.

PMID- 956315
TI  - Chromogenic substrates for proteinases. Purification by chromatography on
      lipophilic sephadex.

PMID- 956316
TI  - Simple gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection for the
      determination of aldadiene in human urine.

PMID- 956317
TI  - Identification of a major metabolite of the new hypolipidaemic agent, isopropyl 2
      (4'(p-chlorobenzoyl) phenoxy)-2-methylpropionate (procetofene) in humans by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PMID- 956318
TI  - Determination of pemoline high-pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 956319
TI  - Improved conversion of thiazolinones to phenylthiohydantoins during amino acid
      sequence analysis.

PMID- 956320
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of sarcosine and its N-lauroyl and N-nitroso
      derivatives.

PMID- 956321
TI  - Localization of glycosidases on polyacrylamide gel.

PMID- 956322
TI  - Glycerolpropylsilane bonded phases in the steric exclusion chromatography of
      biological macromolecules.
AB  - Glycerolpropylsilane bonded phases have been found to control the adsorption
      and/or denaturation of proteins and nucleic acids on controlled porosity glass
      supports. The bonded-phase thickness is 18-19A while the amount of glycerol
      moiety varies from 80 to 150 mumoles/g depending on support pore diameter. It has
      been demonstrated that carbohydrate bonded supports may be used in the
      chromatography of proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.

PMID- 956323
TI  - The determination of BHT in resmethrin by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method was developed to determine the amount of butylated hydroxy toluene in
      resmethrin and resmethrin formulations by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 956324
TI  - Pyrolysis GLC identification of food and drug ingredients. I. Saccharin.
AB  - Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, used in the qualitative analysis of
      saccharin, has provided reproducible pyrograms which permit direct
      characterization of these sweetners in a variety of commerical saccharin tablets
      and diet beverages. This method was used also to identify the salt, after
      conversion to the free imide, in a commercial multivitamin product. The tablet
      analysis required isolation by solvent extraction. Analyses were carried out on
      quantities ranging from 1 to 100 mug. The sensitivity of the method could be
      increased by addition of a pure sample of the compound sought to the unknown.

PMID- 956325
TI  - Separation of 5'-mono-, di- and triphosphates of 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine and of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil by thin-layer and
      high pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - The separation of all the 5'-mono-, di- and triphosphates of ara-C and ara-U by
      thin-layer (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described.
      Whereas for the TLC two different systems are necessary, HPLC allows a rapid
      separation of all the nucleotides with high resolution, reproducibility, and
      sensitivity within 15 minutes. An example of an HPLC separation of ara-C and ara
      U nucleotides derived from a biological sample is presented.

PMID- 956326
TI  - Rapid, quantitative determination of tetrahydrocannabinol in marihuana by gas
      chromatography.
AB  - Using a simple injection adapter of our own design, the tetrahydrocannabinol
      content of marlhuana was determined by gas chromatography. The injection method
      obviates the need for preliminary extractions and allows analyses to be conducted
      on milligram quantities in less than thirty minutes.

PMID- 956327
TI  - Structure determination of polyunsaturated fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry-- a comparison of fragmentation patterns of various derivatives.
AB  - GC-MS has been applied to the characterization of mixtures of polyunsaturated
      fatty acids by way of their isopropylidene, alkylboronate, methyl ether, and
      trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. In our studies we found a convenient and
      efficient method for the oxidation of mixtures of polyunsaturated fatty acid
      methyl esters by osmium tetroxide. The resulting polyhdroxy compounds are easily
      converted into apolar derivatives for gas chromatographic separation. The mass
      spectra of these individual compounds were recorded as to their usefulness for
      complete structure elucidation. Only the trimethylsilyl ethers proved to yield
      all information necessary for determination of chain length as well as numbers
      and positions of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 956328
TI  - Separation of benefin and trifluralin by gas chromatography using a liquid
      crystal column.
AB  - Benefin (N-[n-butyl]-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-p
      toluidine) and trifluralin (2,6-dinitro-N,N-di-n-propyl-alpha, alpha, alpha
      trifluoro-p-toluidine) (Figure 1) are isomeric preemergent herbicides (1,2). As
      they possess different activities, their use necessitates the development of a
      routine analytical method which differentiates between them. The separation of
      these isomers by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) using conventional column
      packings has proved extremely difficult. Two partly successful separations have
      been previously reported to date. A partial separation was obtained using a
      Durapak-Carbowax 400/Poracil C column (3) and a complete separation using a
      column packed with a monomolecular layer of Carbowax 20M on Chromosorb W (4).
      Unfortunately, this latter column has a very limited life and the analysis time
      is 25 minutes. This paper reports a rapid and reproducible separation of benefin
      and trifluralin using a liquid crystal stationary phase.

PMID- 956329
TI  - Immediate and long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in the aged.

PMID- 956330
TI  - Prognostic value of one hour of ECG monitoring of men with coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 956331
TI  - Psychosocial adaptation following an acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 956332
TI  - On the risk of organ loss.

PMID- 956333
TI  - The geriatric nurse practitioner: a new medical resource in the skilled nursing
      home.

PMID- 956334
TI  - Editorial: Changing attitudes towards cancer.

PMID- 956335
TI  - Serum uric acid: its association with other risk factors and with mortality in
      coronary heart disease.

PMID- 956336
TI  - The symptom patterns of treated diabetic patients.

PMID- 956337
TI  - Intestinal metabolism of estrogens.
AB  - Estrogen metabolism in the human intestine was studied in two ways. Firstly, by
      measuring the excretion of 12 estrogens in pooled human late pregnancy feces
      before and during the administration of ampicillin (2 g/day). Secondly, by
      administering 5.4 and 20 mg of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone orally to two
      postmenopausal women and analyzing the estrogens in simultaneously drawn portal
      and peripheral venous blood samples at time intervals from 0 to 150 min after
      steroid administration. The majority of the estrogens in normal pregnancy feces
      were unconjugated. The amounts of estradiol, estreon and 16-epiestriol excreted,
      relative to the principal estrogen estriol, were greater than in pregnancy bile
      or urine and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone, an important biliary estrogen, was only
      present in trace amounts. Considerable quantities of 15alpha-hydroxyestradiol
      17beta were also found. Ampicillin administration, which decreases intestinal
      bacterial steroid metabolism, caused a huge increase in the fecal excretion of
      conjugated estrogens. In particular it caused very striking increases in the
      excretion of both unconjugated and conjugated, estriol, 15alpha-hydroxyestrone,
      15alpha-hydroxyestradiol and 2-methoxyestrone. These findings emphasize the
      active role played by the intestinal microflora in estrogen metabolism under
      normal conditions. Administration of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone resulted in increases
      in portal venous unconjugated and conjugated 16alpha-hydroxyestrone, 16
      oxoestradiol-17beta, 15alpha-hydroxyestrone, 16-epiestriol and conjugated estriol
      levels. The most significant finding in both subjects was the large increase in
      portal venous unconjugated 15alpha-hydroxyestrone. This would suggest that the
      human intestine (or intestinal contents) has the ability to carry out the
      transformation, 16alpha-hydroxyestrone leads to 15alpha-hydroxyestrone. Increases
      in the same estrogens were found in peripheral plasma, with the increase in
      conjugated estriol occurring in peripheral blood before it was seen in portal
      blood. The largest elevations in peripheral plasma values were seen in
      unconjugated estriol and conjugated 16alpha-hydroxyestrone in the subject who
      received the 20 mg dose and in unconjugated 16alpha-hydroxyestrone and 16
      oxoestradiol-17beta in the subject who had the 5.4 mg dose. The intestinal and
      enterohepatic metabolism of estrogens is discussed in relation to these findings.

PMID- 956338
TI  - Endocrine studies in a phenotypic girl with XY gonadal agenesis.
AB  - An 18-year-old phenotypic girl with XY gonadal agenesis had endocrine studies.
      The patient had a small amount of sexual hair, a slightly enlarged clitoris,
      normal labia and no posterior fusion. Her vagina was of normal length, but no
      cervix was palpable. At laparoscopy, no gonads, uterus or fallopian tubes were
      identified. The buccal smear was chromatin negative and the karyotype was 46XY.
      The 24 h LH plasma pattern was qualitatively similar to that found in normal late
      pubertal subjects, but the values were in the castrate range. The 24h mean plasma
      concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were 16.4 ng/dl and 14.2
      ng/dl, respectively. Urinary estrogen excretion was 15 and 19 mug/day. These
      clinical and endocrine findings suggest that the patient was a genetic male in
      whom Mullerian regression occurred normally; however, the testes probably ceased
      functioning early in gestation preventing normal development of the Wolffian
      system. This set of events resulted in agenesis of the gonaductal system and
      female external genitalia. The patient represents the second example of this
      variation of male pseudohermaphroditism associated with XY gonadal agenesis.

PMID- 956339
TI  - Serum thyroglobulin in inhabitants of an endemic goiter region of New Guinea.
AB  - Serum thyroglobulin Tg(RIA) was studied in 161 residents of the Nomane region of
      New Guinea. The incidence of antithyroglobulin antibodies (ATA) and
      antimicrosomal antibodies (anti-M) was also studied to assess the role of
      autoimmunity in goitrogenesis. ATA were detected in only 4 sera; these sera were
      excluded from the study since ATA interfere in the Tg radioimmunoassay. Anti-M
      antibodies were undetectable in all of 105 subjects whose sera were analyzed.
      Mean (+/-se) serum Tg(RIA) in the 84 nongoitrous (NG) subjects was 163.1 +/- 17.2
      ng/ml, whereas that in 77 goitrous (G) subjects was 208.1 +/- 19.8 ng/ml; both
      values were much higher (P is less than 0.001) than that (5.1 +/- 0.49 ng/ml) in
      normal Californian subjects. The mean serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in
      the NG group (12.1 +/- 2.1 muU/ml) was not statistically different from that in
      the G group (10.1 +/- 1.5 muU/ml). Serum Tg(RIA) correlated positively with log
      TSH (r equals 0.38 P is less than 0.001). Intrigued by the finding of goiters in
      some residents of an endemic goiter region and its absence in other residents
      exposed to the same environmental factors, we evaluated the possibility that the
      thyroid glands of subjects who develop goiters may be inherently more responsive
      to any given level of TSH than those of the inhabitants without goiters. However,
      the slope of the correlation between serum Tg(RIA) and log TSH was only slightly
      (0.1 is less than P is greater than .05) higher in G than in the NG group. These
      studies suggested that factors other than thyroidal responsiveness to TSH must
      also be important in goiterogenesis of endemic goiter regions. We conclude that
      1) serum thyroglobulin is a sensitive parameter of chronic as well as acute
      thyroidal stimulation; 2) Thyroid autoimmunity and increased thyroidal response
      to TSH do not explain goiterogenesis in New Guinea and attention should be
      focused on other possibilities.

PMID- 956340
TI  - Effects of phosphorus supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone and bone
      morphology in osteoporosis.
AB  - The effect of phosphorus (inorganic phosphate) supplementation was studied in
      seven postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Prior to supplementation, all
      chemical parameters studied in serum and urine were normal. Bone density was
      below the fifth percentile for age in all but one patient, and the percentage of
      bone surface involved in resorption was higher than normal. During administration
      of the phosphorus supplement, fasting serum concentrations of calcium and
      immunoreactive parathyroid hormone showed no significant changes, while serum
      phosphorus, urinary calcium, and tubular reabsorption of phosphorus decreased. In
      four patients studied by balance techniques, calcium balance became positive or
      less negative. Bone-forming surface decreased and bone-resorbing surface
      increased in all patients. Bone-resorbing surface was highly correlated with
      total phosphorus intake. Density of the distal radius changed variably, while
      density of the midradius increased slightly in all patients.

PMID- 956341
TI  - Plasma thyrotropin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine relationships in man.
AB  - The physiologic relationships of plasma TSH, T4 and T3 levels measured every 20
      min in seven healthy young men and one healthy young woman have been
      investigated. A nocturnal TSH surge was observed in all subjects on both nights
      of the 36-48 h baseline observation period. In males the maximum plasma TSH value
      occurred at 2300 h. The mean peak TSH level was 2.0 +/- 0.3 (se) muU/ml compared
      with a mean of 1.3 +/- 0.9 muU/ml for the entire baseline records of the 8
      subjects. The effect of iv infusion of 32-1000 mug of somatostatin (SRIF) for 1
      1/2-3 h was investigated in four of the male subjects during 2 or 4 consecutive
      nights following the control period. Temporal relationships between the hormonal
      fluctuations observed throughout the control period and during the nights of SRIF
      infusion were investigated using time series analysis and Student's t test. Rapid
      fluctuations of plasma T4 and T3 concentration were noted, even when corrected
      for changes in total protein concentration, with an average coefficient of
      variation of 10% for T3 and 12% for T4. No increment of plasma T4 or T3 followed
      the nocturnal TSH surge nor were the rapid fluctuations of the thyroid hormones
      altered by the TSH surge. SRIF infusion commencing at 2300 h suppressed the
      elevated TSH levels (P is less than 0.01) while similar infusions begun at 2100 h
      blocked the expected nocturnal TSH rise observed during control periods in male
      subjects. Plasma T4 and T3 levels were not significantly affected by the
      administration of SRIF. The relationship of the rapid plasma T4 and T3 variations
      to postural changes was investigated in four euthyroid male subjects. Serum
      levels of TSH, T4 and T3 and total protein were determined at 15 min intervals
      while postural changes were carefully monitored. The ratios of T4 and T3 to total
      protein were relatively stable (3-4% coefficient of variation) when the subjects
      were kept in a supine and motionless position. A 50 mug bolus infusion of T4
      raised the basal T4 level by only 1-2 mug/dl. The data suggest that short-term
      fluctuation of plasma T4 and T3 result from changes in protein concentration due
      to hemodynamic responses to alteration of posture and physical activity and not
      to pulsatile secretion of T4 and T3.

PMID- 956342
TI  - Hypothyroid-like alterations in testosterone metabolism in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The metabolism of 14C-testosterone was studied in 8 severely underweight young
      women with anorexia nervosa. The urinary androsterone/etiocholanolone (A/E) ratio
      was uniformly low, in a range characteristic of hypothyroidism; the patients also
      showed low plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3). Clinical remission as
      manifested by weight gain was accompanied by concomitant increases of the A/E
      ratio and the plasma T3 concentration to or toward normal. The administration of 
      T3 also resulted in a shift of the A/E ratio toward normal. These data
      demonstrate that the low plasma T3 concentrations in patients with anorexia
      nervosa may be related to the development of one of the characteristic
      biochemical abnormalities found in clinical hypothyroidism, namely a decreased
      A/E ratio. These data suggest that the "low T3 syndrome" may be associated with
      biochemical hypothyroidism.

PMID- 956343
TI  - Effect of the antihistaminic agents meclastine and dexchlorpheniramine on the
      response of human growth hormone to arginine infusion and insulin hypoglycemia.
AB  - Histamine is found in most tissues including the central nervous system. Here it
      reaches the highest concentrations in the hypothalamus and in the median
      eminence. In order to evaluate the possible role of endogenous histamine in the
      control of human growth hormone (hGH) secretion, we investigated the effect of
      two anti-histamine drugs, meclastine and dexchlorpheniramine, on the hGH response
      to arginine infusion and to insulin hypoglycemia in 30 normal subjects. The oral
      administration of meclastine for three days or the intravenous infusion of
      dexchlorpheniramine significantly reduced the hGH response to arginine infusion.
      Neither drug affected the secretion of hGH following insulin hypoglycemia. These
      results suggest that histamine is involved in the control of hGH release, at
      least in response to arginine. Our data are consistent with the finding that
      histamine stimulates GH release in the baboon (Meyer and Knobil, Endocrinology
      80: 163, 1967) and with previous results indicating that the release of hGH in
      response to different stimuli is subject to different regulatory mechanisms.

PMID- 956344
TI  - Reversal of decreased human adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and
      hypertriglyceridemia after treatment of hypothyroidism.
AB  - To determine whether adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a role in the
      regulation of triglyceride (TG) metabolism in hypothyroidism, the activity of the
      enzyme was measured in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of six hypothyroid
      patients before and during therapy with L-thyroxine. The activity of the
      activated form of the enzyme, measured as heparin elutable LPL, was lower in
      hypothyroid patients (1.54 +/- 0.93; mU/10(6) cells; mean +/- SD) than in
      controls (3.26 +/- 1.49; P less than .02) and increased (163 +/- 89%; P less than
      .01) with treatment to levels comparable to the controls. The total activity of
      LPL, measured in ammonium hydroxide extracts of acetone ether tissue powders, was
      in the low normal range in the hypothyroid patients (0.68 +/- 0.42), but not
      significantly different from normal (1.10 +/- 0.58) and did not increase
      significantly (92 +/- 105%), with treatment. Plasma post heparin lipolytic
      activity (PHLA) was low in hypothyroidism and increased (111 +/- 78%; P less than
      .05) with treatment. These increases in PHLA correlated with the increases in the
      activity of heparin elutable LPL (r = .88, P less than .05). In all patients
      fasting plasma TG levels decreased (-43 +/- 25%; P less than .02) after
      treatment. Serial determination of heparin elutable LPL activity, PHLA, and
      plasma TG during L-thyroxine treatment revealed a correlation between the per
      cent changes in PHLA and heparin elutable LPL activity (r = .68, P less than
      .05), an inverse correlation between plasma TG levels and heparin elutable LPL (r
      = -0.53,P less than .05) and no correlation between plasma TG and PHLA (r = 
      0.05). These results suggest that the low PHLA and hypertriglyceridemia of
      hypothyroidism are related to low adipose tissue LPL activity. All these
      parameters return to normal after treatment with L-thyroxine and attainment of
      euthyroidism.

PMID- 956345
TI  - Thyroid-pituitary feedback during iodine repletion.
AB  - The changes in serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyrotropin (TSH)
      were measured during iodine repletion in a woman who was severely iodine
      deficient because of a congenital iodide-trapping defect. Serum T3 became
      detectable 12 h after iodine was begun and reached 68 ng/dl, a level within the
      normal range, by 36 h. It rose progressively during the first 9 days reaching a
      supra-normal level (200 ng/dl) and then fell slowly to 130 ng/dl. Serum T4 was
      not detected (less than 1 mug/dl) until the 9th day and then rose to 6.8 mug/dl.
      Serum TSH fell rapidly during the first 9 days (disappearance rate was 0.17/day);
      there was a significant negative correlation with serum T3 (P less than 0.01).
      From the 10th through the 32nd day serum TSH fell more slowly (disappearance rate
      was 0.05/day) and correlation was with serum T4 (P less than 0.001), not T3. It
      appears that either T3 or T4 may regulate TSH secretion by direct effects on the
      thyrotroph, although their intracellular mode of action has not been defined.

PMID- 956346
TI  - Blood pressure fall by angiotensin II antagonist in patients with Bartter's
      syndrome.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of 600 ng/kg/min of 1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine-angiotensin
      II, an angiotensin II antagonist, caused a marked blood pressure fall and a
      decrease in plasma aldosterone in 3 patients with Bartter's syndrome. These
      results indicate that proximal cause of Bartter's syndrome is an arteriolar
      hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II and that this angiotensin II analogue has an
      antagonist activity on peripheral arterioles as well as adrenal cortex.

PMID- 956348
TI  - Cortisol-induced suppression of plasma testosterone in normal adult males.
AB  - The response of plasma testosterone, LH and FSH to oral administration of
      cortisol or dexamethasone was studied for 26 h in 6 groups of 12 normal adult
      males. Twenty-four hour treatment with cortisol (60 mg at 1000 h, followed by 30
      mg at 2 h intervals) or with dexamethasone (6 mg at 1000 h, followed by 3 mg at 6
      h intervals) was without effect on testosterone during the day but suppressed the
      nocturnal rise completely. LH and FSH did not decrease at any time during the day
      and showed a highly significant increase during the second part of the night.
      Short-term treatment (1000-1600 h, 1600-2200 h or 2400 h-0800 h) with cortisol
      was less effective in suppressing the nocturnal rise in testosterone. It was
      concluded that administration of cortisol leading to plasma levels as seen under
      treatment with ACTH suppresses testosterone by abolishing or flattening the
      nocturnal rise. This effect was not mediated by changes in LH or FSH. Our data
      suggest that the ACTH-induced suppression of testosterone is due to an action of
      cortisol.

PMID- 956347
TI  - Growth hormone, prolactin and chorionic somatomammotropin in normal and molar
      pregnancy.
AB  - Twenty patients with molar pregnancy, ten normal pregnant women and ten healthy
      non-pregnant women were given 30 g of arginine intravenously. The serum
      concentration of growth hormone, prolactin and chorionic somatomammotropin (CS)
      was determined by radioimmunoassay. In addition, serum 17beta-estradiol, estriol
      and progesterone were also measured. Arginine infusion induced a sharp rise of GH
      in patients with molar pregnancy and in nonpregnant subjects, but the response in
      normal pregnancy was blunted. The response of PRL was high in patients with molar
      pregnancy, blunted in normal pregnancy and very small in nonpregnant subjects. CS
      did not respond at all to arginine infusion both in normal pregnancy and molar
      pregnancy. The high response to argine of PRL, normal response of GH and low
      baseline secretion and no response of CS may be characteristic of molar
      pregnancy.

PMID- 956349
TI  - FSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: stimulation and suppression studies in two
      patients.
AB  - Two patients with pituitary adenomas, partial hypopituitarism and abnormally high
      serum concentrations of FSH are described. In neither patient was FSH increased
      after the administration of LH releasing hormone and in one patient tested, there
      was no FSH response to clomiphene citrate. The decrease in serum FSH in response
      to high concentrations of testosterone (greater than 1100 ng/dl) was less than in
      normal men. These results indicate partial autonomy of FSH producing adenomas.
      Since the elevated serum FSH produced no obvious clinical symptoms, it may be
      undetected unless serum FSH concentrations are measured routinely in patients
      with pituitary tumors.

PMID- 956351
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3,3'-L-diiodothyronine (T2).
AB  - A sensitive, specific and reproducible radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of
      3,3'-L-diiodothyoride (T2) in concentrated ethanol extracts of serum and amniotic
      fluid is described.  The T2 binding antiserum was prepared aby immunization of
      rabbits with T2-human serum albumin conjugate.  Of various thyroid hormone
      derivatives tested, only 3-L-monoiodothyonine cross-reacted significantly with T2
      binding sites on the antiserum...

PMID- 956350
TI  - Effects of dopamine infusion on pituitary hormone secretion in humans.
AB  - Dopamine, infused at a rate of 4 mug/kg/min for 3-4 h unaccompanied by any
      significant changes in cardiovascular dynamics, induced a prompt and sustained
      suppression of circulating prolactin (PRL) levels in normal men and women as well
      as in patients with hyperprolactinemia. At the discontinuation of the infusion,
      there was a marked rebound in PRL levels in normal subjects and a rapid return to
      basal levels in hyperprolactinemic patients. Dopamine infusion also induced a
      significant fall in LH levels in the normal subjects with a marked rebound in LH
      levels following the infusion. No significant changes in GH, TSH, and FSH levels
      were observed. These data indicate that in man a dopaminergic mechanism ixists in
      the regulation of PRL secretion and that dopamine also exerts an inhibitory
      effect of LH release.

PMID- 956352
TI  - 17-Deoxygenation: a new pathway of cortisol metabolism. Isolation of 17
      deoxycortolonic acids.
AB  - The existence of a 17-deoxylation pathway in the metabolism of cortisol has been
      established by isolation of two 17-deoxy metabolites of cortisol. They have been
      identified as the 20alpha and 20beta-hydroxy isomers of 3alpha,20-dihydroxy, 11
      oxo-5beta-pregnan-21-oic acids by comparison of the nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectra (nmr) and high resolution mass spectra of their methyl esters with
      authentic samples and confirmed by reverse isotope dilution.

PMID- 956353
TI  - Effect of sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia on serum testosterone response to
      HCG in normal men.
AB  - In six normal volunteers hyperprolactinemia was induced by sulpiride (150 mg/day)
      for 10 days. Both before and during sulpiride hCG was injected; the higher
      testosterone response to hCG, when PRL levels were enhanced, suggests a possible
      stimulatory role of PRL on Leydig cells.

PMID- 956354
TI  - Measurement of glucose turnover in the human newborn with glucose-1-13C.
AB  - Systemic glucose production rates were measured in 6 normal newborn infants by
      dilution of glucose-1-13C tracer according to the prime constant-rate infusion
      technique. Glucose production rates were 4.4 +/- 0.39 mg/kg. min. (Mean +/- S.D.)
      in 4 infants at 2 hours of age, and were 3.83 and 3.86 mg/kg. min. in 2 infants
      at 1 day of age. Systemic glucose production accounts for 50% of the substrate
      utilized for oxidative metabolism in newborn infants.

PMID- 956355
TI  - Competition by 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the competitive protein binding
      radioassay of 25-hydroxycalciferol.
AB  - 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2D3) is equipotent to 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol in the displacement of 3H25-OHD3 from rat serum binding
      sites, and is extracted by the ethanol procedure recommended in non
      chromatographic competitive protein binding radioassays for 25-OHD. Serum 24,25
      (OH)2D content was measured following 24,25-(OH)2D3 isolation from lipid extracts
      by liquid-gel partition chromatography. Since normal serum 24,25-(OH)2D
      concentration is appreciable, non-chromatographic 25-OHD assays most probably
      overestimate serum 25-OHD levels as a result of their recognition of 24,25
      (OH)2D3.

PMID- 956356
TI  - Effect of delay on culture of urine.
AB  - One hundred random urine specimens which were submitted for culture were planted
      using a calibrated loop within 2 h of collection and 2 and 4 h later after
      standing at room temperature. Colonies were counted after an 18- to 24-h
      incubation at 37 degrees C. Fifteen of the specimens demonstrated increases in
      counts exceeding 1 X log10; four increased from less than 10(5)/ml to greater
      than 10(5)/ml (three by the 4-h culture and a fourth by the 6-h culture),
      supporting the concept that delays of greater than 2 h in inoculating cultures
      may produce results which could cause errors in diagnosis.

PMID- 956357
TI  - Simplified method for efficient intravascular inoculation of chicken embryos.
AB  - The simple syringe-stabilizer unit described in this note provides a means for
      rapid intravascular inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with minimal
      embryonic death from vascular trauma.

PMID- 956358
TI  - Differential recovery of Streptococcus mutans from various mitis-salivarius agar
      preparations.
AB  - Recoveries of Streptococcus mutans from human dental plaque were lower when
      plated on mitis-salivarius agar obtained from Baltimore Biological Laboratories
      as compared with mitis-salivarius agar obtained from Difco Laboratories. However,
      no difference in recoveries of established laboratory strains of S. mutans was
      observed between these two agar preparations.

PMID- 956359
TI  - Evaluation of a hypertonic sucrose medium for the detection of fungi in blood
      cultures.
AB  - A comparison was made between biphasic brain heart infusion medium without and
      with 15% sucrose in vented blood culture bottles. A higher recovery rate (P less
      than 0.01) of fungi was noted in the medium without sucrose.

PMID- 956360
TI  - Virological and serological studies of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in
      humans.
AB  - During the 1971 epidemic of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) in south
      Texas, 203 suspect VEE cases were evaluated by the Center for Disease Control.
      Sixty-seven were confirmed as cases of VEE. Laboratory confirmation was
      accomplished by isolation of VEE virus from a serum specimen taken during the
      acute illness in 50 (75%) of the confirmed cases. Serological confirmation was
      obtained in 17 cases (25%). Virus isolations were most often obtained from sera
      collected during the first 3 days of illness. Peak serum virus titers (algebraic
      mean, 10(5-7) suckling mouse intracranial 50% lethal doses [SMICLD50] per ml)
      occurred on day 2 of illness. One-half of the sera from which virus was isolated
      contained at least 10(5) SMICLD50/ml, which has been shown to be sufficient to
      infect some vector mosquitoes. Blood from 13 virus-positive VEE cases was
      obtained 1 and 11 months after illness. Hemagglutination-inhibiting, complement
      fixing, and neutralizing antibodies were formed by all 13 patients 1 month after
      illness. Hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers were essentially unchanged
      11 months after illness. Complement-fixing antibody was undetectable 11 months
      after illness in 23% of cases and was detectable at dilutions of 1:8 or 1:6 in
      77%. Neutralizing antibody (measured by log neutralization index) was not
      detectable 1 year after illness in one person (8%); titers had declined from 1.0
      to 2.0 in 46%, were unchanged in 39%, and were not tested in one person (8%). No
      evidence of intrafamilial spread of VEE virus was obtained in either of two
      illness and antibody surveys. A randomized household illness and antibody survey
      of 681 Port Isabel residents revealed an inapparent infection ratio of 1:11 and
      an overall antibody prevalence of 3.2%.

PMID- 956361
TI  - Comparison of three methods for grouping streptococci.
AB  - Two new methods for serological grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococci, the
      nitrous acid extraction procedure of El Kholy et al. and the slide agglutination
      method of Christensen et al., were compared with the Lancefield hot-hydrochloric
      acid extraction method in classifying 92 strains of groups A, B, C, and G. The
      nitrous acid extraction method was easily performed, specific, and sensitive when
      highly potent antisera were used. For the Christensen method these highly potent
      antisera had to be diluted to avoid cross-reactions between groups A and C and
      groups B and G, respectively. A few strains, most of them group B, could not be
      grouped by the latter method. Using these three grouping methods, two sets of
      commercial sera were compared with the more potent sera supplied by R. C.
      Lancefield. The low antibody content of these commercial sera, especially anti
      group B and G sera, contributed to the inferior results obtained in some of the
      grouping reactions.

PMID- 956362
TI  - Evaluation of commercial systems for the identification of clinical yeast
      isolates.
AB  - The Analytab Products Inc. (API), Micro-Drop (MD), and Uni-Yeast-Tek (UYT)
      systems for the presumptive identification of common clinical yeast isolates were
      compared with the oxidation-fermentation (OF) and a conventional procedure. With
      229 coded isolates, the identification accuracies were API 94, MD 83, OF 82, and
      UYT 99%. The API system required the greatest technical ability. The MD materials
      were prone to malfunction. OF media, if incubated beyond 14 days, gave an
      accuracy of 87%, but this offered no advantage over the conventional procedure.
      The UYT system was the easiest to use.

PMID- 956363
TI  - Comparison of human fecal and serum parvo-like viruses.
AB  - Parvovirus-like particles found in the sera of two blood donors had the size and
      appearance on electron microscopy of a virus (B19) found in the serum of a blood
      donor by Cossart et al. (1975), and those of a virus found in the feces of a
      normal subject. Antibody to these viruses was detected by immune electron
      microscopy and immunoelectro-osmophoresis in the sera of 50 children aged 10 to
      15 years. Of these, 36% had antibody to the fecal virus, 36% had antibody to B19,
      and 54% had antibody to the two other serum viruses. The results of these tests
      suggest that serologically the three serum viruses were similar to one another,
      but that the fecal virus was distinct. The two blood donors had nonspecific
      symptoms at the time of viremia. Both donors had developed immunoglobulin M
      antibody to the virus when tested 3.5 and 4.5 weeks later, but no viruses were
      detected in the feces or urine.

PMID- 956364
TI  - Growth of Streptococcus mutans on various selective media.
AB  - The ability of Streptococcus mutans to grow on mitis-salivarius (MS) agar, MC
      agar, mitis-sucrose-bacitracin (MSB), BCY agar, and MM10 sucrose agar was
      studied. Batch cultures of S. mutans serotype a demonstrated no growth on MSB
      agar. Certain serotype d and g strains did not grow on MC agar. The yield for
      most strains of other serotypes on these selective media was lower compared with
      that on MS agar. The number of total colony-forming units on BCY and MM10 sucrose
      agar was similar to the blood agar results. Similar data were obtained when
      fermenter-grown strains, harvested in the middle or the end of the logarithmic
      growth phase, were used for inoculation of the various media. Enumeration of S.
      mutans from plaque samples plated on MC and MSB agar yielded about 75% of the
      counts obtained on MS or the nonselective medium. When the proportions of S.
      mutans were expressed as a percentage of the total cultivable flora, the
      selective media (MC and MSB agar) showed approximately 10% lower values than the
      MS, BCY, and MM10 sucrose agar.

PMID- 956365
TI  - Identification of streptococcal groups A,B,C, and G by slide co-agglutination of
      antibody-sensitized protein A-containing staphylococci.
AB  - A total of 98.7% of streptococci, groups A,B,C, and G, isolated from various
      sources was correctly identified by the co-agglutination technique. The active
      components in this technique are protein A-containing staphylococci coated with
      antibodies specific for group A,B,C, and G streptococci. A suspension of
      streptococci belonging to one of these four groups co-agglutinates with the
      antibody-sensitized staphylococci specific for this group. The technique is
      extremely rapid and simple and requires no special equipment. It should therefore
      be a valuable alternative to other techniques used in the grouping of
      streptococci and is shown here to be as reliable as the Lancefield technique.

PMID- 956366
TI  - Enhancement of bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages by human alveolar
      lining material.
AB  - In vivo studies have shown a major role for the alveolar macrophage in the
      killing of inhaled bacteria. This contrasted with earlier work which showed a
      preservation of phagocytic properties but a loss of bactericidal capacity when
      alveolar macrophages were studied in vitro. Recently, alveolar lining material
      (ALM) from rats has been shown to enhance the in vitro bactericidal capacity of
      alveolar macrophages from homologous animals against Staphylococcus aureus.
      Utilizing a similar system, we have confirmed that rat alveolar macrophages do
      not kill S. aureus in vitro unless the bacteria have been incubated with rat ALM
      (R-ALM) before phagocytosis. In addition, human ALM (H-ALM) from 7 of 11 patients
      assayed showed an enhancement of bactericidal capacity by rat alveolar
      macrophages which was not significantly different from the results utilizing R
      ALM. H-ALM from the other four patients gave results which differed significantly
      from results with H-ALM from the first seven patients and R-ALM (P less than
      0.001). Preliminary results suggest that the factor enhancing the bactericidal
      capacity of rat alveolar macrophages is present in the lipid fraction of the ALM.
      Further characterization of the ALM is warranted in an effort to explain the
      enhancement of the bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages by most, but not
      all, H-ALM tested.

PMID- 956367
TI  - The effect of indomethacin and other anti-inflammatory drugs on the renin
      angiotensin system.
AB  - The administration of two different doses of indomethacin, 9 and 18 mg/kg, to two
      different groups of rabbits was followed 6 h later by a significant decrease in
      plasma renin activity, and these levels were not increased by hemorrhage. The
      administration of 2 mg/kg of indomethacin did not alter the basal levels of
      plasma renin activity, but it was effective in diminishing the peripheral
      increase of renin produced by hemorrhage. Similar effects were obtained in other
      groups of rabbits treated with 9 mg/kg of meclofenamate or 18 mg or aspirin. The
      lowering effect of indomethacin on plasma renin activity is not specifically
      related to hemorrhage because it also prevented the increase in plasma renin
      activity elicited by 5 mg/kg of furosemide. Further studies showed that
      indomethacin did not exert any significant effect in vivo on the plasma level of
      renin substrate or on the generation of angiotensin from normal plasma by
      exogenous renin. And indomethacin did not interfere with the binding capacity of
      anti-angiotensin I for angiotensin I in the radioimmunoassay reaction or with the
      in vitro formation of angiotensin from hog renin-nephrectomized rabbit plasma
      reaction. The results thus indicate that the lowering effect of indomethacin on
      plasma renin activity is due to the interference with renal renin release. That
      this effect may be related to the blockade of prostaglandin synthesis is
      suggested by the similar effect exhibited by other blockers of prostaglandin
      synthesis.

PMID- 956368
TI  - De novo synthesis of purine nucleotides in human peripheral blood leukocytes.
      Excessive activity of the pathway in hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency.
AB  - Human peripheral blood leukocytes were studied for the presence and the
      regulatory properties of the pathway of de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides.
      The cells were found to incorporate the labeled precursors formate and glycine
      into purines. The rate of [14C]-formate incorporation was decreased by several
      compounds known to inhibit purine synthesis by affecting the activity by
      glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase, the first
      committed enzyme in the pathway, either through decreasing the availability of
      PRPP, a substrate for this enzyme, or through exerting inhibition on this enzyme.
      PRPP availability in the leukocyte was found to be limiting for purine synthesis.
      Increased PRPP availability resulting from activation of PRPP synthetase by
      increasing inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration caused acceleration of purine
      synthesis. On the other hand, no clear-cut evidence was obtained for the
      availability of ribose-5-phosphate in the leukocyte being rate limiting at
      physiological extracellular Pi concentration for PRPP generation, and thus for
      purine synthesis. However, the addition of methylene blue, which accelerates the
      oxidative pentose shunt that produces ribose-5-phosphate, resulted in
      acceleration of PRPP generation and of purine synthesis only when PRPP synthetase
      was largely activated at high Pi concentration. These results may be taken to
      suggest that ribose-5-phosphate availability is indeed not limiting for PRPP
      generation under physiological conditions. Purine synthesis de novo was
      accelerated more than 13-fold in the leukocytes of two gouty patients affected
      with partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, but
      was normal in the leukocytes of an obligate heterozygote for this enzyme
      abnormality. The results domonstrate in peripheral human leukocytes the presence
      of the complete pathway of de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and the
      manifestation in these cells of the biochemical consequences of hypoxanthine
      guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, i.e., increased availability of
      PRPP and acceleration of purine synthesis de novo. The results indicate the
      usefulness of leukocytes as a model tissue for the study of purine metabolism in
      man.

PMID- 956369
TI  - A micropuncture study of the effect of parathyroid hormone on renal bicarbonate
      reabsorption.
AB  - Renal micropuncture and clearance experiments were carried out in rats to study
      the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on renal tubular HCO-/3 reabsorption. The
      rats were studied during an initial period of parathyroid deficiency (acute
      thyroidparathyroidectomy, TPTX) and during infusion of large amounts of bovine
      PTH. Under normal acid-base conditions, PTH administration to TPTX rats caused a
      significant rise in proximal tubular fluid HCO-/3 concentration (TFHCO-/3), a
      decrease in fluid reabsorption, and a fall in proximal HCO-/3 reabsorption from
      94.0 to 88.2% (P less than 0.01). In control experiments with mannitol infusion,
      a comparable reduction in proximal fluid reabsorption occurred without any
      significant effect on intraluminal HCO-/3 concentration. During acute intravenous
      HCO-/3 loading, PTH inhibited proximal HCO-/3 reabsorption. However, no change in
      whole kidney HCO-/3 reabsorption was observed in these experiments or in the
      animals studied under normal acid-base conditions. The findings are consistent
      with the view that PTH inhibits proximal tubular HCO-/3 reabsorption with normal
      or high filtered loads of HCO-/3, but distal segments of the nephron are able to
      reabsorb the excess delivered from the proximal tubule. Measurements of urinary
      ammonium and titratable acid indicate that net acid excretion (NH+/4 + TA -- HCO
      /3) increases significantly after PTH administration. These results do not
      provide support for the view that PTH excess causes metabolic acidosis by
      reducing renal acid excretion.

PMID- 956370
TI  - Characteristics of stimulation of H+ transport by aldosterone in turtle urinary
      bladder.
AB  - Aldosterone stimulates not only Na+ absorption but also urinary acidification. In
      this investigation the effects of aldosterone on H+ transport are examined in
      vitro in turtle bladder, a urinary membrane in which several of the factors
      controlling H+ transport have been defined. H+ transport was increased in bladder
      halves  exposed to aldosterone compared to control halves. Stimulation of H+
      secretion was observed as early as 1 h after addition of aldosterone and occurred
      before that of Na+ transport. In bladders depleted of endogenous substrate
      addition of glucose increased H+ transport more in aldosterone-treated halves
      (10.0+/-1.3 nmol/min) than in control halves (6.8+/-2.3). Addition of pyruvate
      failed to increase H+ transport (--0.3+/-0.7) in control halves but caused
      significant increments (2.4+/-0.5) in aldosterone-treated halves. In aldosterone
      treated bladders glucose caused larger increments (16.5+/-2.7) in H+ transport
      than pyruvate (9.3+/-2.0) when halves of the same bladders were compared. Na+
      transport, however, was equally increased by the two substrates. Despite the
      differences in time course and substrate requirements between the stimulation of
      H+ and Na+ transport, both increases were abolished by actinomycin-D. To examine
      the effect of aldosterone on the force of the H+ pump, protonmotive force, the pH
      gradient that would nullify the transport rate was determined with and without
      aldosterone. Aldosterone did not alter protonmotive force but significantly
      increased the slope of the H+ transport rate on the applied pH gradient. It is
      concluded that aldosterone stimulates H+ transport independently of Na+
      transport. It increases the responsiveness of the transport rate to glucose and
      to a lesser extent pyruvate, an effect probably secondary to the increased
      transport rate. Equivalent circuit analysis indicates that aldosterone
      facilitates the flow of protons through the active transport pathway but does not
      increase the force of the pump.

PMID- 956371
TI  - The relative roles of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone in glucose-
      and tolbutamide-mediated insulin release.
AB  - The relative contributions of Ca++, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on
      insulin secretion were evaluated in three groups of dogs. Dogs were studied with
      glucose infusions (group I) or standard intravenous glucose tolerance tests
      (IVGTT) (group II) before and after the development of diet-induced
      hypophosphatemia. Mean serum phosphorus levels for both groups fell from 4.1 to
      1.1 mg/100 ml. Animals in group I demonstrated a fall in glucose disappearance
      rates (Kg) from 5.3+/-0.6% min to 3.5+/-0.5% after induction of hypophosphatemia
      (P less than 0.001). Mean insulin response was significantly greater in the
      hypophosphatemic animals than in controls in this group. In group II animals,
      mean insulin areas obtained during the IVGTT increased from 1,426+/-223 to
      2,561+/-141 muU/ml/60 min after induction of hypophosphatemia, and were
      unaffected by Ca++ or PTH administration. Ca++ administration, but not
      hypophosphatemia or PTH infusion, increased significantly the mean insulin
      response to tolbutamide. Secondary hyperparathyroidism was induced by dietary
      manipulation in four dogs (group III). Mean PTH values increased from 71.4+/-2.1
      to 3,012+/-372 pg/ml (P less than 0.001). Mean insulin response to an IVGTT was
      similar to group III animals, but increased from 1,352+/-128 to 1,894+/-360
      muU/ml/60 min after the excessive dietary phosphorus was reduced for 3 mo, and
      plasma phosphorus fell from 3.2+/-0.1 to 2.8+/-0.3 mg/100 ml. PTH values
      decreased to 647+/-53 pg/ml. The insulin response to tolbutamide was comparable
      to that in group II animals, but increased significantly after calcium
      administration. Immunoreactive insulin disappearance rates were unaffected by
      hypophosphatemia or diet-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism. These data
      demonstrate that hypophosphatemia is associated with an augmented glucose
      stimulated insulin release, without any effect on tolbutamide-stimulated insulin
      release. Hypercalcemia produces an augmented tolbutamide-stimulated insulin
      release with no apparent effect on glucose-stimulated insulin release. Finally,
      PTH does not appear to be an insulin antagonist and has no apparent effect on
      either glucose- or tolbutamide-stimulated insulin release in animals with dietary
      induced secondary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 956372
TI  - The effects of sodium ricinoleate on small intestinal function and structure.
AB  - The mechanism of hydroxy fatty acid-induced secretion was investigated in
      perfused hamster small intestine in vivo. Sodium ricinoleate at an 8-mM
      concentration resulted in not only secretion of water and sodium, but an increase
      in intestinal clearance of inulin and a 16,000 mol wt dextran as well. A
      concentration of ricinoleate (2 mM) which did not affect water transport,
      however, did not alter intestinal permeability. Ricinoleate-induced intestinal
      secretion was also accompanied by increased mucosal cell exfoliation as measured
      by the appearance of DNA in the perfusate and by apparent injury to epithelial
      cell membranes as judged by measurement of sucrase activity and phospholipid in
      cell-free aliquots of luminal fluid. Light and electron microscopic studies
      demonstrated substantial mucosal architectural changes with 8 mM ricinoleate with
      villus shortening and injury to epithelial cells at the villus tips. In contrast,
      cholera enterotoxin caused marked secretion of sodium and water, presumably by a
      cyclic AMP mechanism, but did not alter inulin clearance or enhance DNA or
      sucrase appearance in the lumen. These studies suggest that at least a component
      of ricinoleate-induced intestinal secretion is related to structural alterations
      of the mucosa.

PMID- 956373
TI  - Effects of antihistamines on the lung vascular response to histamine in
      unanesthetized sheep. Diphenhydramine prevention of pulmonary edema and increased
      permeability.
AB  - To see whether antihistamines could prevent and reverse histamine-induced
      pulmonary edema and increased lung vascular permeability, we compared the effects
      of a 4-h intravenous infusion of 4 mug/kg per min histamine phosphate on
      pulmonary hemodynamics, lung lymph flow, lymph and plasma protein content,
      arterial blood gases, hematocrit, and lung water with the effects of an identical
      histamine infusion given during an infusion of diphenhydramine or metiamide on
      the same variables in unanesthetized sheep. Histamine caused lymph flow to
      increase from 6.0+/-0.5 to 27.0+/-5.5 (SEM) ml/h (P less than 0.05), lymph;
      plasma globulin concentration ratio to increase from 0.62+/-0.01 to 0.67+/-0.02
      (P less than 0.05), left atrial pressure to fall from 1+/-1 to -3+/-1 cm H2O (P
      less than 0.05), and lung lymph clearance of eight protein fractions ranging from
      36 to 96 A molecular radius to increase significantly. Histamine also caused
      increases in lung water, pulmonary vascular resistance, arterial PCO2, pH, and
      hematocrit, and decreases in cardiac output and arterial PO2. Diphenhydramine (3
      mg/kg before histamine followed by 1.5 mg/kg per h intravenous infusion)
      completely prevented the histamine effect on hematocrit, lung lymph flow, lymph
      protein clearance, and lung water content, and reduced histamine effects on
      arterial blood gases and pH. 6 mg/kg diphenhydramine given at the peak histamine
      response caused lymph flow and lymph: plasma protein concentration ratios to
      fall. Metiamide (10 mg/kg per h) did not affect the histamine lymph response. We
      conclude that diphenhydramine can prevent histamine-induced pulmonary edema and
      can prevent and reverse increased lung vascular permeability caused by histamine,
      and that histamine effects on lung vascular permeability are H1 actions.

PMID- 956374
TI  - A role for adenosine deaminase in human monocyte maturation.
AB  - The occurrence of a deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in some
      patients with severe combined immunodeficiency suggests a possible relationship
      between the activity of ADA and the aberration of the immune system. To help
      delineate the function of ADA in the immune response we have examined its role in
      monocyte maturation. When incubated in vitro, peripheral blood monocytes
      transformed, within 3 days, to macrophagea as assessed by phase-contrast
      microscopy and an increase in the specific activity of the lysosomal enzyme acid
      phosphatase. The specific activity of ADA increased as much as ninefold, reaching
      a peak after the 1st day in culture, while the activities of other enzymes
      involved in the purine salvage pathway were not altered. Sucrose density
      ultracentrifugation of extracts prepared immediately after the isolation of
      monocytes revealed the presence of two forms of ADA with molecular weights of
      approximately 30,000 and 110,000. The increase in ADA specific activity during
      monocyte cultivation correlated with an increase in the activity of the smaller
      molecular species. A specific inhibitor ADA, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)
      adenine, prevented the increase in acid phosphatase activity, as well as the
      morphological changes associated with the monocyte maturation. These data suggest
      a role for ADA in monocyte to macrophage maturation. In view of the central role
      of macrophages in immune function, this observation may relate to the association
      of combined immunodeficiency and a deficiency of this enzyme.

PMID- 956375
TI  - Free fatty acid oxidation by forearm muscle at rest, and evidence for an
      intramuscular lipid pool in the human forearm.
AB  - The objects of these experiments were to determine to what extent oleic acid,
      removed from plasma by forearm muscles, was oxidized immediately, and to search
      for evidence of an intramuscular lipid pool which may be composed to
      triglycerides synthesized from plasma free fatty acids and which may supply
      substantial portions of lipid substrates for oxidation by muscle. To these ends
      (1-14C]oleic acid was infused at constant rate into the brachial artery of seven
      healthy young men at rest in the postabsorptive state. Results were: (1) muscle
      respiratory quotient (0.76) implied that about 80% of the oxygen consumed was for
      the oxidation of lipid. (2) Muscle free fatty acid uptake, had it been oxidized
      directly, could account for more than 100% of observed oxygen uptake. (3) There
      was a lag of at least 30 min before 14CO2 appeared in forearm venous blood. (4)
      14CO2 release from forearm muscle tended to reach an apparent plateau after 3 h
      of infusion of [14C]oleic acid. (5) During the time of plateau 14CO2 release,
      oleic acid extracted from plasma could account for only 20% of oxygen
      consumption; most of the oleic acid taken up was not oxidized directly. (6) 14CO2
      release persisted at a high level during the 1-3 h follow-up period after the
      infusion ended. (7) Neither the delay in initial appearance of 14CO2 nor its
      continued release after cessation of infusion was due to delay and distribution
      in a forearm CO2 pool, since intra-arterial infusion of NaH14CO3 in additional
      subjects demonstrated much more rapid distribution of 14CO2 in the forearm.
      Results show that most, if not all, free fatty acids taken up by resting muscle
      are not oxidized directly, but probably enter an intramuscular pool which has a
      slow turnover during resting metabolism and is the immediate source of oxidized
      lipid substrate.

PMID- 956376
TI  - Heterogeneity of antibody response to human platelet transfusion.
AB  - To study the antibody response to human platelet transfusions, nine
      thrombocytopenia patients with bone marrow failure were given 6 U (3X10(11)) of
      random platelet concentrates twice a week. Before transfusion, none of the
      patients had preexisting antibodies detectable with lymphocytotoxicity, platelet
      aggregation, or capillary leukoagglutination techniques. After receiving 18-78 U
      of platelets, they became refractory to further transfusions of random platelets
      and alloantibodies were detectable. Two patterns of antibody response could be
      identified. In three patients, the sera were not lymphocytotoxic with a panel of
      standard cells in which all the known HLA antigens in the first and second series
      were represented at least once. Yet, they caused platelet aggregation with 30,
      24, and 60%, respectively, of a donor population studied. The aggregating
      activities were inhibited by antihuman IgG but not by antihuman IgA or antihuman
      IgM antiserum. The aggregating antibodies could be absorbed out with donor
      platelets but not lymphocytes or granulocytes. Antibodies from two of these
      patients aggregated platelets of their respective siblings matched for both HLA
      haplotypes. Transfusion of platelets from these two siblings did not increase 
      the platelet count while platelets obtained from aggregation-negative donors did.
      The sera from the remaining six patients were lymphocytotoxic with 15-100% of the
      panel of standard cells. They also had aggregating antibodies, which could be
      absorbed out by both platelets and lymphocytes, suggesting that they were HLA
      antibodies. These data suggest that the development of platelet-specific
      antibodies may play an important role in the immunological rejection of isologous
      platelets, and should be considered in the selection of donors for patients who
      are refractory to platelets from random donors.

PMID- 956377
TI  - Localization of cardiac myosin-specific antibody in myocardial infarction.
AB  - Specific localization of purified antibody against cardiac myosin has been
      demonstrated in areas of altered myocardial membrane permeability after
      experimental myocardial infarction. Intravenously administered radioiodine
      labeled antimyosin was selectively localized in infarcted myocardium of seven
      dogs 24 h after coronary occlusion. The mean ratio (+/-SE) of antimyosin antibody
      in infarcted to normal myocardium in the center of the infarct was 4.2+/-0.4 for
      endocardial and 2.9+/-0.3 for epicardial layers. By utilizing (Fab')2 fragments
      of antimyosin obtained by pepsin digestion of purified antibody, the ratio of
      uptake was increased in eight dogs to 6.1+/-0.6 in the endocardial and 3.3+/-0.4
      in the epicardial layers at the infarct center 24 h after occlusion. These ratios
      were further increased in the infarct center to 13.8+/-1.2 in the endocardial and
      7.3+/-0.8 in the epicardial layers when eight dogs were sacrificed 72 h after
      coronary occlusion. The specificity of antimyosin (Fab')2 localization in
      infarcted myocardium was demonstrated in four dogs by simultaneous intravenous
      administration of 125I-labeled antimyosin (Fab')2 and 131I-labeled normal rabbit
      gamma globulin (Fab')2. Nonspecific trapping of normal rabbit IgG (Fab')2 was
      observed to be about 38% of total antimyosin (Fab')2 uptake in the central zone
      of infarction. Regional blood flow was related to antimyosin (Fab')2 uptake in
      infarcted myocardium by utilizing simultaneous administration of 85Sr-labeled
      microspheres. An inverse exponential relationship between antimyosin (Fab')2
      uptake and regional blood flow was observed (r=0.85). The specific localization
      of antimyosin antibody or its (Fab')2 components in infarcted myocardium suggests
      a conceptually new approach to myocardial infarct localization and sizing.

PMID- 956378
TI  - Iron deficiency in the rat. Physiological and biochemical studies of muscle
      dysfunction.
AB  - Work performance on a treadmill has been evaluated in normal and iron-deficient
      rats. Anemia was removed as a variable by adjusting the hemoglobin of all animals
      to the same concentration. At a hemoglobin compatible with normal work
      performance, iron-deficient animals showed a marked impairment of running ability
      as compared to control animals. Iron therapy corrected the disability within 4
      days. Concentrations of the cytochrome pigments and myoglobin, and rates of
      oxidative phosphorylation with pyruvate-malate, succinate, and alpha
      glycerophosphate as substrates were all reduced in mitochondrial preparations
      from skeletal muscle of iron-deficient rats, but only the rate of phosphorylation
      with alpha-glycerophosphate as substrate increased significantly and in parallel
      with the recovery in work performance of the iron-deficient rats treated with
      iron dextran.

PMID- 956379
TI  - The relationship between right duct lymph flow and extravascular lung water in
      dogs given alpha-naphthylthiourea.
AB  - The relationship between right duct lymph flow and extravascular lung water was
      studied in 3 normal dogs and 15 dogs with pulmonary edema induced by alpha
      naphthylthiourea (ANTU). Right duct lymph was collected in a pouch created by
      ligating jugular, subclavian, and brachiocephalic veins. Extravascular lung water
      was measured in vivo by double indicator dilution and post-mortem by weighting
      lungs before and after drying. Cardiac output, pulmonary artery and pulmonary
      artery wedge pressures, and the concentration of protein and electrolytes in
      plasma and right duct lymph were determined. Eight lungs were examined by light
      and electron microscopy. There was a direct relationship between right duct lymph
      flow (RDLF in milliters per hour per gram dry lung) and extravascular lung water
      (Qwl in milliliters per gram dry lung) which was best described by the equation
      RDLF=0.75-0.26 Qwl+0.03 (Qwl).2 Dogs with severe ANTU-induced edema had extensive
      lung capillary endothelial destruction but only mild interstitial swelling and no
      visible damage to type I alveolar epithelial cells. Cardiac output, pulmonary
      artery and wedge pressures, and protein and electrolyte concentrations did not
      correlate with either extravascular water or right duct flow. Thus, in ANTU
      induced pulmonary edema right duct lymph flow was directly related to
      extravascular lung water with the highest flows occurring with severe edema. The
      absence of a rapid increase in lymph flow with small increases in extravascular
      water may be due to early sequestration of fluid in the alveolar space.
      Hemodynamic changes did not account for changes in lung water or lymph flow. The
      pulmonary interstitial factors relating increased extravascular water to lymph
      drainage remain to be determined.

PMID- 956380
TI  - Regulation of pancreatic and gallbladder functions by intraluminal fatty acids
      and bile acids in man.
AB  - The effects of intraduodenal glycerol, fatty acid (FA) chain length and FA loads,
      and bile acid (BA) concentrations on pancreatic and gallbladder function were
      investigated in 31 healthy volunteers by a perfusion method. FA absorption rates
      in the duodenum and proximal jejunum were measured simultaneously. Pancreatic and
      gallbladder responses were augmented by increasing FA chain length and FA loads
      until the "maximal" secretory capacity of the pancreas and gallbladder emptying
      was attained. Glycerol had no effect. Raising BA concentrations above the
      critical micellar concentration accelerated FA absorption rates but decreased the
      magnitude of pancreatic and gallbladder responses to FA. Higher BA concentrations
      exerted an opposite effect, slowing FA absorption and increasing pancreatic and
      gallbladder responses. Indeed, a significant, inverse correlation was found
      between FA absorption and pancreatic and gallbladder responses to FA, suggesting
      a relationship between the length of intestine exposed to FA and the amount of
      cholecystokinin (and/or other neurohormonal factors) released, which stimulates
      pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction.

PMID- 956381
TI  - Anion transport processes in the mammalian superficial proximal straight tubule.
AB  - The experiments reported in this paper were designed to evaluate some of the
      characteristics of anion transport processes during fluid absorption from
      superficial proximal straight tubules isolated from rabbit kidney. We measured
      net chemical C1- flux during fluid absorption from tubules perfused and bathed
      with Krebs-Ringer buffers containing 113.6 mM C1-, 10 mM acetate, and 25 mM HCO
      /3 at pH 7.4; assessed the effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on net fluid
      absorption in the presence and absence of CO2; and evaluated the influx and
      efflux coefficients for [14C]-acetate transport at 37degreesC, at 21degreesC, and
      in the presence of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The experimental data shown
      that, for this nephron segment, net C1- flux accompanies approximately 27.5% of
      net Na+ absorption; and net C1- absorption may be accounted for by a passive
      transport process, primarily diffusional in nature. Fluid absorption in this
      nephron segment is reduced 40-60% by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, but only when
      the tubules are exposed to 95% O2-5% CO2 rather than 100% O2. Thus, it seems
      probably that approximately half of Na+ absorption in these tubules may be
      rationalized in terms of a carbonic anhydrase-dependent CO2 hydration process. In
      addition, there may occur in these isolated proximal tubules an acetazolamide
      insensitive moiety of HCO-/3 absorption comparable to that observed for proximal
      tubules in vivo. Finally, we provide evidence that net efflux of luminal acetate
      is due to metabolic energy-dependent processes other than CO2 hydration and may,
      under appropriate conditions, account for approximately one-fourth of net Na+
      absorption.

PMID- 956382
TI  - The transport of vitamin D and its 25-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma.
      Isolation and partial characterization of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D
      binding protein.
AB  - This study reports the isolation and partial characterization of vitamin D and 25
      hydroxyvitamin D binding protein (DBP), the specific transport protein for
      vitamin D and its 25-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma. DBP was labeled by the
      addition of a tracer amount of 3H-labeled 25-OH-D3 to the original plasma used
      for protein fractionation. Previous experiments have shown that such 25-OH-D3
      added in vitro binds to the same protein normally responsible for the transport
      of endogenous 25-OH-D and of vitamin D. The isolation of human DBP was achieved
      by an extensive sequence of procedures which resulted in a final yield of only
      approximately 4 mg of purified DBP from a starting volume of 34 liters of plasma.
      Purified DBP was homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge and showed a
      single band of protein on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. DBP had
      a sedimentation constant of 3.49s and a mol wt of approximately 52,000. The
      molecular weight was assessed by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and also by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc-gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration on a
      standardized column of Sephadex G-150. The amino acid composition of DBP was
      determined and was generally consistent with the estimated extinction coefficient
      (E1cm1% at 280 nm) of about 9.1. The isoelectric point of DBP was estimated as
      4.8 from isoelectric focusing experiments. Direct study of the binding capacity
      of the purified DBP for added 25-OH-D3 showed that the isolated DBP had a high
      affinity for 25-OH-D3, with an apparent maximum binding capacity of one molecule
      of 25-OH-D3 per molecule of protein.

PMID- 956383
TI  - Purification and properties of sulfite oxidase from human liver.
AB  - Sulfite oxidase has been purified to near homogeneity from human liver.
      Properties of the molecule have been investigated and compared to those of the
      rat liver enzyme which has been isolated in a pure form. Both proteins exist as
      dimeric molecules with one molybdenum and one cytochrome b5-type heme per sub
      unit. The human enzyme has a slightly larger subunit molecular weight (61,100 vs.
      57,200 daltons) and is a more negatively charged molecule. Decreased reactivity
      of the human enzyme with various electron acceptors suggests the presence of
      nonfunctional molybdenum centers in a portion of the molecules isolated. Human
      liver sulfite oxidase cross-reacts strongly with antibody prepared against the
      rat liver enzyme. Human enzyme activity is precipitated by antibody at
      concentrations about twofold greater than required for comparable complexation of
      rat sulfite oxidase.

PMID- 956384
TI  - Human sulfite oxidase deficiency. Characterization of the molecular defect in a
      multicomponent system.
AB  - Frozen liver tissue from an individual identified several years ago as sulfite
      oxidase deficient has been reexamined in light of new knowledge which has been
      obtained regarding the enzyme. It has been established that hepatic molybdenum
      levels and xanthine oxidase activity were within normal values and comparable to
      those observed in control samples preserved from the original study along with
      the deficient tissue sample. The ability of the patient's liver to synthesize the
      specific molybdenum cofactor required for activation of de-molybdo sulfite
      oxidase also appears to have been unimpaired. Using an antibody preparation
      directed against rat liver sulfite oxidase which also inhibits and precipitates
      the human enzyme, it has been determined that cross-reacting material with
      determinants recognized by inhibiting antibodies is absent in the liver sample
      from the deficient patient. Immunodiffusion experiments gave strong precipitin
      bands against the control liver extracts, but showed no detectable precipitin
      reaction between the deficient liver extract and the antibody preparation. The
      relationship of these findings to a second patient recently identified as sulfite
      oxidase deficient and to an animal model of the disease are discussed.

PMID- 956385
TI  - Stimulation of ammonia production and excretion in the rabbit by inorganic
      phosphate. Study of control mechanisms.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism (s) responsible for
      regulation of ammonia production and excretion in the rabbit. The normally low
      ammonia excretion rate during acute metabolic acidosis was stimulated acutely and
      increased approximately ninefold after infusion of sodium phosphate, but remained
      low if sodium sulphate or Tris was substituted for phosphate. Ammonia production
      was increased significantly by phosphate in rabbit renal cortex slices and in
      isolated renal cortex mitochondria. In isolated mitochondria, mersalyl, an
      inhibitor of both the phosphate/hydroxyl and phosphate/dicarboxylate
      mitochondrial carriers, inhibited the phosphate-induced stimulation, indicating
      that phosphate must enter the mitochondrion for stimulation. A malate/phosphate
      exchange seemed to be involved since N-ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of the
      phosphate/hydroxyl exchange, did not inhibit phosphate-stimulated ammonia
      production, whereas there was inhibition by 2-n-butylmalonate, a competitive
      inhibitor of the dicarboxylate carrier. Phosphate itself was not essential since
      malonate stimulated ammoniagenesis in the absence of added phosphate. Similarly,
      citrate stimulated ammoniagenesis in isolated mitochondria in the absence of
      inorganic phosphate provided that it induced L-malate exit on the citrate
      transporter associated with inhibition of citrate oxidation by fluoroacetate.
      Similar results were also seen in mitochondria from rat renal cortex. A fall in
      mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate level resulted in an increase in ammonia
      production. This could be achieved directly with malonate or indirectly via L
      malate exit. Simultaneous measurements of glutamate showed that the rate of
      ammonia production was reciprocally related to the glutamate content. We conclude
      that phosphate-induced stimulation of ammoniagenesis in the rabbit kidney is
      mediated by removal of glutamate, the feedback inhibitor of phosphate-dependent
      glutaminase. Glutamate removal is linked to phosphate-induced dicarboxylate exit
      across the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 956386
TI  - Development of glucagon sensitivity in neonatal rat liver.
AB  - The ontogenesis of the hepatic glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase system has
      been studied in the rat. With a partially purified liver membrane preparation,
      fetal adenylate cyclase was less responsive to glucagon than the enzyme from
      neonatal or adult livers. Similar results were obtained in gently prepared liver
      homogenates, suggesting that destruction of essential components of the fetal
      liver membrane did not account for the relative unresponsiveness of the adenylate
      cyclase enzyme to glucagon. Investigation of other factors that might account for
      diminished fetal hepatic responsiveness to glucagon indicate (a) minimal glucagon
      degradation by fetal membranes relative to 8-day or adult tissue; and (b)
      available adenylate cyclase enzyme, as suggested by a 13-fold increase over basal
      cyclic AMP formation with NaF in fetal liver membranes. These results indicate
      that neither enhanced glucagon degradation nor adenylate cyclase enzyme
      deficiency accounts for the relative insensitivity of the fetal hepatic adenylate
      cyclase system to glucagon. In early neonatal life, hepatic adenylate cyclase
      responsiveness to glucagon rapidly developed and was maximal 6 days after birth.
      These changes were closely paralleled by a fivefold increase in glucagon binding
      and the kinetically determined Vmax for cyclic AMP formation. These observations
      suggest that (a) fetal hepatic unresponsiveness to glucagon may be explained by a
      limited number of glucagon receptor sites; (b) during the neonatal period, the
      development of glucagon binding is expressed primarily as an increase in
      adenylate cyclase Vmax; (c) the ontogenesis of hepatic responsiveness to glucagon
      may be important in the resolution of neonatal hypoglycemia.

PMID- 956387
TI  - On the influence of the natriuretic factor from patients with chronic uremia on
      the bioelectric properties and sodium transport of the isolated mammalian
      collecting tubule.
AB  - A gel filtration fraction of urine from patients with chronic renal disease
      (natriuretic factor) has been shown previously to cause natriuresis in rats and
      to inhibit sodium transport in the isolated toad bladder. The effect of this
      fraction on transtubular potential difference and sodium transport was examined
      on the isolated perfused cortical collecting tubule of the rabbit. A rapid
      inhibition of potential difference from -22.5 mV to -12 mV (P less than 0.001)
      was observed when the fraction was applied to the peritubular surface. This
      effect was accompanied by a decrease in net sodium flux from 6.29 to 3.21 pmol/cm
      per s (P less than 0.001). Unidirectional fluxes using isotopic sodium revealed
      that the inhibition of net sodium transport was due to a decrease in flux from
      the lumen to the peritubular surface, i.e., an inhibition of active sodium
      transport. There was no change in sodium flux in the reverse direction. These
      changes were all rapidly reversed by removal of the fraction from the peritubular
      surface. The addition of the fraction to the lumen had no effect on potential
      difference or net sodium flux. Control studies using the same fraction from the
      urine of normal subjects had no effect on any of the parameters studies. Where
      both a uremic and a normal fraction were sequentially applied to the peritubular
      surface of the same tubule, inhibition of potential difference was obtained only
      with the former. In the light of evidence implicating the collecting duct
      fraction from normal animals, the data are consistent with the view that the
      natriuretic factor may be biologically important in the regulation of sodium
      balance via it's regulatory role in active sodium transport in the collecting
      tubule.

PMID- 956388
TI  - Type II hyperprolinemia. Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase
      deficiency in cultured skin fibroblasts and circulating lymphocytes.
AB  - Type II hyperprolinemia is an inherited abnormality in amino acid metabolism
      characterized by elevated plasma proline concentrations, iminoglycinuria, and the
      urinary excretion of delta1-pyrroline compounds. To define the enzymologic defect
      of this biochemical disorder, we developed a specific, sensitive radioisotopic
      assay for the proline degradative enzyme delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
      dehydrogenase. Using this assay, we have shown an absence of delta1-pyrroline-5
      carboxylic acid dehydrogenase activity in the cultured fibroblasts from three
      patients with type II hyperprolinemia. We confirmed this result on cultured cells
      by demonstrating a similar absence of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
      dehydrogenase activity in extracts prepared from the peripheral leukocytes of
      these patients. Additionally, we found significantly decreased levels of delta1
      pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase activity in the leukocyte extracts from
      five obligate heterozygotes for type II hyperprolinemia. We also demonstrated a
      reduction in leukocyte delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase activity
      in three successive generations of a family. These results prove that an absence
      of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase is the enzymologic defect in
      type II hyperprolinemia and that this defect is inherited in an autosomal
      recessive fashion.

PMID- 956389
TI  - Urea secretion by the straight segment of the proximal tubule.
AB  - Studies utilizing in vitro microperfusion were designed to examine whether urea
      is actively or passively transported across superficial and juxtamedullary
      straight segments of rabbit proximal tubules. With perfusate and bath solutions
      containing 1 mM urea and electrolytes similar to normal plasma, the efflux (lumen
      to-bath) isotopic permeability (X 10(-5) cm s-1) of superficial segments was 1.37
      +/- 0.16 and of juxtamedullary segments was 2.14 +/- 0.20. In the same tubules,
      the influx (bath-to-lumen) isotopic permeability was 3.70 +/- 0.35 in superficial
      segments and 4.75 +/- 0.37 in juxtamedullary segments. Despite net water movement
      in the opposite direction (0.5 nl mm-1 min-1), the influx rate was significantly
      higher than the efflux rate of urea in both groups. With a low perfusion rate (2
      nl/min) and equivalent specific activities of [14C]urea in bath and perfusate,
      the collected-to-perfused ratio of [14C]urea, corrected for volume marker change,
      was 1.07 +/- 0.01 in superficial and 1.09 +/- 0.01 in juxtamedullary nephrons,
      thus indicating net secretion in both segments. In separate studies urea influx
      was inhibited by hypothermia (decrease from 37 degrees to 28 degrees C), by
      phloretin (0.1 mM in bath), by cyanide (1 mM), but not by probenecid (0.2 mM). In
      each case the inhibition was highly significant and reversible. These data
      suggest that urea is actively secreted by the straight segments of both the
      superficial and juxtamedullary proximal tubules. These segments may, therefore,
      contribute significantly to the high urea concentration found at the bend of
      Henle's loop by micropuncture.

PMID- 956390
TI  - Cytotoxic activity of rheumatoid and normal lymphocytes against allogeneic and
      autologous synovial cells in vitro.
AB  - The possibility that lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      might be sensitized to RA synovial cell antigens was investigated with a 51Cr
      release cytotoxicity assay. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from rheumatoid and
      normal donors were tested for cytotoxic activity against their own synovial cells
      and against allogeneic rheumatoid and nonrhemuatoid synovial cells. In the
      allogeneic studies, the degree of cytotoxicity was significantly influenced by
      the age in culture (passage number) of the synovial target cells (P less than
      0.001). When the passage number of the target cells was considered in the
      analysis, rheumatoid lymphocytes were found to have greater cytotoxic activity
      than normal lymphocytes against young cultures (low passage number) of both RA
      and non-RA synovial cells (P = 0.0042). Differences in susceptibility to lysis
      between RA and non-RA synovial cells were more susceptible to both RA and normal
      lymphocyte-induced lysis than were non-RA synovial cells (P = 0.0048). No
      evidence of cytotoxicity was detected when lymphocytes from nine RA patients and
      two osteoarthritis patients were reacted against their own synovial cells.
      Although the data demonstrated an increased cytotoxic activity of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from some RA patients against allogeneic synovial cells, the
      fact that this reactivity was seen against both non-RA and RA synovial cells and
      was not demonstrated against autologous synovial cells argues against the
      presence of an immunospecific response of RA lymphocytes to RA synovial cell
      antigens.

PMID- 956391
TI  - Studies on the mechanisms of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion in normal
      human subjects.
AB  - Liquid test meals were infused into the stomach and acid secretion was measured
      by intragastric titration at pH 5.0 Acid secretion after 500 or 750-ml sodium
      chloride meals was two to three times higher than basal secretion rates and was
      equivalent to 25-30% of the peak acid output in response to histamine. Since
      these meals did not cause a rise in serum gastrin concentration, it is assumed
      that they stimulate acid secretion by causing distention of the body and fundus
      of the stomach. Compared with this distention stimulus, glucose meals had no
      effect on acid secretion and fat-inhibited acid secretion; however, both glucose
      and fat caused an increase in serum gastrin concentration. Amino acids caused a
      much greater increase in serum gastrin concentration and enhanced acid secretion
      above that noted with distention alone. In contrast, albumin did not enhance the
      serum gastrin concentration or stimulate acid secretion to a statistically
      significant extent. There was a close correlation between the rise in serum
      gastrin concentration and rate of acid secretion after different test meals when
      average results for each test meal were plotted. However, there was a poor
      correlation between acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration when the
      responses of the individual subjects with a given test meal were compared. Our
      interpretations are: (a) Distention is an important stimulant of the acid
      secretory response to a meal, and this is not mediated by gastrin release. (b)
      Gastrin is one but probably not the only mediator of the chemical phase of acid
      secretion, i.e., acid secretion noted with amino acids that cannot be explained
      by distention. (c) Glucose and fat also release gastrin; however, with glucose
      the rise in serum gastrin is too small and too transient to enhance acid
      secretion, and fat probably releases unmeasured inhibitors that overwhelm the
      effect of gastrin on acid secretion. (d) Albumin is not a stimulant of acid
      secretion.

PMID- 956392
TI  - Hematologic and clinical responses in patients with sickle cell anemia after
      chronic extracorporeal red cell carbamylation.
AB  - In eight patients with sickle cell anemia, weekly extracorporeal carbamylation of
      about 20% of the circulating red cell mass was carried out for 2 yr or longer. At
      each visit, a mean of 1.3+/-0.2 mol of cyanate were incorporated per mole of
      hemoglobin in the carbamylated erythrocytes. Within 3 mo, a stable level of about
      35-50% of the circulating erythrocytes was carbamylated. This quantity and degree
      of hemoglobin carbamylation produced a decrease in mean whole blood P50 from 33
      to 26 mm Hg. During the first 3 mo of carbamylation, the mean hemoglobin
      increased from 6.4 to 9.1 g/100 ml, while mean absolute reticulocytes decreased
      by 58% and circulating irreversibly sickled erythrocytes decreased by 65%. The
      mean red cell life span increased from 13 days before treatment to 21.6 days
      after 3 mo of carbamylation. Beyond the 3rd mo of carbamylation, blood P50,
      hemoglobin, and reticulocytes remained quite stable. No toxic effects of
      extracorporeal carbamylation of erythrocytes were noted. The capacity of blood to
      release oxygen at 30 mm Hg PO2 increased from 4.3 to 5.0 cm3/100 ml blood during
      carbamylation. The overall frequency of severe painful crises decreased by about
      80% during carbamylation. Before carbamylation, 34% of the crises were induced by
      a concomitant illness, usually an infection. During carbamylation, the incidence
      of induced crises decreased 50% while spontaneous crises virtually disappeared.
      The marked improvements in hematologic parameters and the decreased frequency of
      severe painful crises observed during this study offer sufficient promise to
      warrant further exploration, hopefully using more efficient techniques, of the
      clinical efficacy of extracorporeal erythrocyte carbamylation in sickle cell
      anemia.

PMID- 956393
TI  - Adenosine metabolism in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes.
AB  - The association of a human genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase activity
      with combined immunodeficiency prompted a study of the effects of adenosine and
      of inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity on human lymphocyte transformation
      and a detailed study of adenosine metabolism throughout phytohemagglutinin
      induced blastogenesis. The adenosine deaminase inhibitor, coformycin, at a
      concentration that inhibited adenosine deaminase activity more than 95%, or 50
      muM adenosine, did not prevent blastogenesis by criteria of morphology or
      thymidine incorporation into acid-precipitable material. The combination of
      coformycin and adenosine, however, substantially reduced both the viable cell
      count and the incorporation of thymidine into DNA in phytohemagglutinin
      stimulated lymphocytes. Incubation of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin for 72
      h produced a 12-fold increase in the rate of deamination and a 6-fold increase in
      phosphorylation of adenosine by intact lymphocytes. There was no change in the
      apparent affinity for adenosine with either deamination or phosphorylation. The
      increased rates of metabolism, apparent as early as 3 h after addition of
      mitogen, may be due to increased entry of the nucleoside into stimulated
      lymphocytes. Increased adenosine metabolism was not due to changes in total
      enzyme activity; after 72 h in culture, the ratios of specific activities in
      extracts of stimulated to unstimulated lymphocytes were essentially unchanged for
      adenosine kinase, 0.92, and decreased for adenosine deaminase, 0.44. As much as
      38% of the initial lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity accumulated
      extracellularly after a 72-h culture with phytohemagglutinin. In
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes, the principal route of adenosine
      metabolism was phosphorylation at less than 5 muM adenosine, and deamination at
      concentrations greater than 5 muM. In unstimulated lymphocytes, deamination was
      the principal route of adenosine metabolism over the range of adenosine
      concentrations studied (0.5-250 muM). These studies demonstrate the dependence of
      both the unstimulated and stimulated lymphocyte on adenosine and may account for
      the observed sensitivity of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes to the toxic effects
      of exogenously supplied adenosine in the presence of the adenosine deaminase
      inhibitor coformycin. A single case of immunodeficiency disease has been reported
      in association with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. The catabolism of
      guanosine was also found to be enhanced in stimulated normal lymphocytes;
      phosphorolysis of guanosine to guanine by intact lymphocytes increased six fold
      after 72-h culture with phytohemagglutinin. The specific activity of purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase in extracts, with guanosine as substrate, was
      essentially the same in stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes after 72 h of
      culture.

PMID- 956394
TI  - A micropuncture study of the early phase of acute urate nephropathy.
AB  - The early pathophysiological changes in acute urate nephropathy were investigated
      in a rat model using micropuncture, clearance, and morphologic methods. Plasma
      urate was increased from 1.2 +/- 0.6 to 20.1 +/- 3.1 mg/100 ml (P less than
      0.001). Urinary urate rose from 24.3 +/- 5.1 to 142.2 +/- 21.0 mg/100 ml (P less
      than 0.001). Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate fell to 17 and 14%
      of control values, respectively, and urine flow rate decreased from 11.3 +/- 4.8
      to 4.2 +/- 2.2 mul/min (all P less than 0.005) Superficial nephron filtration
      rate fell less than that of the whole kidney (70 vs. 86%). Both proximal and
      distal tubular pressures were increased from 10.6 to 26.1 mm Hg and from 7.2 to
      24.7 mm Hg, respectively (P less than 0.005). Efferent arteriolar and peritubular
      capillary pressures were increased twofold. Vascular resistance beyond the
      peritubular capillaries increased from 4.8 X 10(9) to 21.6 X 10(9) dynes s/cm5.
      Extensive deposits of uric acid and urate were found in the tubular system and
      vasa recti from the corticomedullary junction to the tip of the papilla. It is
      concluded from these experiments that not only tubular obstruction in the
      collecting ducts, but also obstruction of the distal renal vasculature, are the
      primary early pathogenetic events in acute urate nephropathy.

PMID- 956395
TI  - The cytotoxicity of leukocytes and lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis for synovial cells.
AB  - Unseparated peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) were cytotoxic for synovial cells. The cytotoxic reactions
      produced by RA leukocytes were more frequent and of greater magnitude than
      cytotoxicity induced by leukocytes from normal persons and patients with other
      diseases, primarily connective tissue diseases. Furthermore, the cytotoxic
      activity of RA leukocytes was greater for RA synovial cells than for
      nonrheumatoid synovial cells, in contrast to the cytotoxicity of other
      leukocytes, which did not discriminate between synovial cells according to their
      origin. Tests with purified lymphocytes showed that the cytotoxicity of
      unseparated leukocytes directed against RA synovial cells was due to lymphocyte
      cytotoxicity. These data are consistent with the possibility that sensitized
      lymphocytes from patients with RA recognize a distinctive antigen present on
      rheumatoid synovial cells.

PMID- 956396
TI  - Cytological and enzymological characterization of adult human adipocyte
      precursors in culture.
AB  - Cell strains were derived from the stromal-vascular fraction of human omental
      adipose tissue and grown in culture. Since the purpose of this study was to
      isolate adipocyte precursors from adults, the cells were obtained from nonobese
      patients 40-60 yr of age. After treatment of adipose tissue with collagenase,
      mature adipocytes were separated from stromal-vascular fraction cells, and cell
      strains of the latter replicated in culture with a doubling time of 40-60 h. They
      were initially fusiform; upon reaching monolayer confluency, they accumulated
      lipid and became rounder. Skin fibroblasts from the same patients and grown under
      the same culture conditions remained fusiform and did not accumulate lipid. The
      stromal-vascular fraction cells of adipose tissue may be fibroblasts with the
      potential to become adipocyte precursors. Subcellular preparations of the cells
      grown from the stromal-vascular fraction revealed lipoprotein lipase activity
      (characterized by such properties as inhibition by 1 M NaCl) that was not
      detectable in skin fibroblasts. The overall specific activity of the enzymes that
      catalyze triglyceride synthesis was 15 times higher and that of fatty acid
      synthetase was 2 times higher in the cells cultured from the stromal-vascular
      fraction. The difference was significant in each case. Conversely, when isolated
      mature adipocytes were cultured, they lost considerable lipid and acquired
      morphological characteristics similar to those of stromal-vascular fraction
      cells. Thus, adipose tissue stromal-vascular fraction cells acquire in culture
      many of the morphological and enzymological characteristics of mature fat cells.

PMID- 956397
TI  - Neutrophil kinetics in man.
AB  - A method has been developed for measuring neutrophil cellularity in normal human
      bone marrow, in which the neutrophil-erythroid ratio was determined from marrow
      sections and marrow normoblasts were estimated by the erythron iron turnover.
      Neutrophil maturational categories, defined by morphologic criteria, were
      supported by autoradiographs of marrow flashed-labeled with 3H-thymidine.
      Correction for multiple counting error was empirically derived by counting serial
      sections through cells of each maturational category. The normal neutrophil
      erythroid ratio in 13 normal human subjects was 1.5 +/- 0.07. The mean number of
      normoblasts in the same subjects was estimated to be 5.07 +/- 0.84 X 10(9)
      cells/kg. Total marrow neutrophils (X 10(9) cells/kg) were 7.70 +/- 1.20, the
      postmitotic pool (metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented forms) was 5.59 +/- 0.90
      and the mitotic pool (promyelocytes + myelocytes) was 2.11 +/- 0.36. Marrow
      neutrophil ("total") production has been determined from the number of
      neutrophils comprising the postmitotic marrow pool divided by their transit time
      Transit time was derived from the appearance in circulating neutrophils of
      injected 3H-thymidine. The postmitotic pool comprised 5.59 +/- 0.90 X 10(9)
      neutrophils/kg, and the transit time was 6.60 +/- 0.03 days. From these data
      marrow neutrophil production was calculated to be 0.85 X 10(9) cells/kg per day.
      Effective production, measured as the turnover of circulating neutrophils labeled
      with 3H-thymidine, was 0.87 +/- 0.13 X 10(9) cells/kg per day. This value
      correlated well with the calculation of marrow neutrophil production. A larger
      turnover of 1.62 +/- 0.46 X 10(9) cells/kg per day was obtained when
      diisopropylfluorophosphate-32P was used to label circulating neutrophils. Studies
      using isologous cells doubly labeled with 3H-thymidine and
      diisopropylfluorophosphate-32P demonstrated a lower recovery and shorter t1/2 of
      the 32P label.

PMID- 956398
TI  - Composition of weight lost during short-term weight reduction. Metabolic
      responses of obese subjects to starvation and low-calorie ketogenic and
      nonketogenic diets.
AB  - The effects of starvation, an 800-kcal mixed diet and an 800-kcal ketogenic (low
      carbohydrate-high fat) diet on the composition of weight lost were determined in
      each of six obese subjects during three 10-day periods. The energy-nitrogen
      balance method was used to quantify the three measurable components of weight
      loss; protein, fat, and water. On the 800-kcal ketogenic diet, subjects lost
      (mean +/- SE) 466.6 +/-51.3 g/day; on the isocaloric mixed diet, which provided
      carbohydrate and fat in conventional proportions, they lost 277.9+/- 32.1 g/day.
      Composition of weight lost (percentage) during the ketogenic diet was water 61.2,
      fat 35.0, protein 3.8. During the mixed diet, composition of loss was water 37.1,
      fat 59.5, protein 3.4...

PMID- 956399
TI  - Heterogeneity of plasma glucagon. Circulating components in normal subjects and
      patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) concentrations were measured in 36 patients
      with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 32 normal subjects. In addition, the
      components of circulating IRG were analyzed by gel filtration in the fasting
      state and after physiological stimuli. Fasting IRG was elevated (P less than
      0.001) in CRF patients (534 +/- 32 pg/ml) compared with the levels found in
      healthy subjects (113 +/- 9 pg/ml). Oral glucose suppressed plasma IRG in CRF
      patients from a basal level of 568 +/- 52 to a nadir of 354 +/- 57 pg/ml (120
      min). This degree of suppression (38%) was comparable to that found in normal
      subjects (basal = 154 +/- 20 to 100 +/- 23 pg/ml) at 120 min (35%). Intravenous
      infusion of arginine (250 mg/kg) resulted in a 71% rise in IRG in CRF patients
      and a 166% increase in normal subjects. Gel filtration of fasting plasma from CRF
      patients showed three major peaks. The earliest (A) was found in the void volume
      (mol wt greater than 40,000) and constituted 16.5 +/- 4.7% of the elution
      profile. The middle peak (B) eluted just beyond the proinsulin marker
      (approximately 9,000 mol wt) and constituted the largest proportion of the
      elution profile (56.5 +/- 3.4%). The third peak (C) coincided with the standard
      glucagon and [125I]glucagon markers (3,485 mol wt) and comprised 27.0 +/- 4% of
      the IRG profile. In contrast, only peaks A and C were found in fasting plasma of
      normal subjects (53.6 +/- 10.4% in A and 46.4 +/- 10.4 in C). After oral glucose,
      glucagon immunoreactivity in the 3,500 mol wt peak (C) was markedly suppressed,
      while the B peak in patients with CRF declined to a lesser extent. The A peak in
      both groups was unchanged. After an arginine infusion only the C peak increased
      in both groups of subjects. Gel filtration of plasma in 3 M acetic acid gave
      similar profiles to those obtained in glycine albumin buffer. Exposure of serum
      to trypsin indicated that the B and C peaks were digestible, while the A peak was
      resistant to the action of the enzyme. In one sample, peak C increased after a 2
      h exposure of serum to trypsin. We conclude that circulating IRG in normal
      subjects and patients with CRF is heterogenous. The hyperglucagonemia of renal
      failure is largely due to an increase in IRG material of approximately 9,000 mol
      wt, consistent with proglucagon, although the 3,500 mol wt component is also
      considerably elevated (threefold). The significance of circulating IRG levels
      should be interpreted with caution until the relative biological activity of the
      three components is established.

PMID- 956400
TI  - Hemodynamic determinants of the time-course of fall in canine left ventricular
      pressure.
AB  - The hemodynamic determinants of the time-course of fall in isovolumic left
      ventricular pressure were assessed in isolated canine left ventricular
      preparations. Pressure fall was studied in isovolumic beats or during prolonged
      isovolumic diastole after ejection. Pressure fall was studied in isovolumic
      relaxation for isovolumic and ejecting beats (r less than or equal to 0.98) and
      was therefore characterized by a time constant, T. Higher heart rates shortened T
      slightly from 52.6 +/- 4.5 ms at 110/min to 48.2 +/- 6.0 ms at 160/min (P less
      than 0.01, n = 8). Higher ventricular volumes under isovolumic conditions
      resulted in higher peak left ventricular pressure but no significant change in T.
      T did shorten from 67.1 +/- 5.0 ms in isovolumic beats to 45.8 +/- 2.9 ms in the
      ejecting beats (P less than 0.001, n = 14). In the ejecting beats, peak systolic
      pressure was lower, and end-systolic volume smaller. To differentiate the effects
      of systolic shortening during ejection from those of lower systolic pressure and
      smaller end-systolic volume, beats with large end-diastolic volumes were compared
      to beats with smaller end-diastolic volumes. The beats with smaller end-diastolic
      volumes exhibited less shortening but similar end-systolic volumes and peak
      systolic pressure. T again shortened to a greater extent in the beats with
      greater systolic shortening. Calcium chloride and acetylstrophanthidin resulted
      in no significant change in T, but norepinephrine, which accelerates active
      relaxation, resulted in a significant shortening of T (65.6 +/- 13.4 vs. 46.3 +/-
      7.0 ms, P less than 0.02). During recovery from ischemia, T increased
      significantly from 59.3 +/- 9.6 to 76.8 +/- 13.1 ms when compared with the
      preischemic control beat (P less than 0.05). Thus, the present studies show that
      the time-course of isovolumic pressure fall subsequent to maximum negative dP/dt
      is exponential, independent of systolic stress and end-systolic fiber length, and
      minimally dependent on heart rate. T may be an index of the activity of the
      active cardiac relaxing system and appears dependent on systolic fiber
      shortening.

PMID- 956401
TI  - Influence of physiologic hyperglucagonemia on basal and insulin-inhibited
      splanchnic glucose output in normal man.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of physiologic hyperglucagonemia on splanchnic glucose
      output, glucagon was infused in a dose of 3 ng/kg per min to healthy subjects in
      the basal state and after splanchnic glucose output had been inhibited by an
      infusion of glucose (2 mg/kg per min). In the basal state, infusion of glucagon
      causing a 309 +/- 25 pg/ml rise in plasma concentration was accompanied by a
      rapid increase in splanchnic glucose output to values two to three times basal by
      7-15 min. The rise in arterial blood glucose (0.5-1.5 mM) correlated directly
      with the increment in splanchnic glucose output. Despite continued glucagon
      infusion, and in the face of stable insulin levels, splanchnic glucose output
      declined after 22 min, returning to basal levels by 30-45 min. In the subjects
      initially receiving the glucose infusion, arterial insulin concentration rose by
      5-12 muU/ml, while splanchnic glucose output fell by 85-100%. Infusion of
      glucagon causing an increment in plasma glucagon concentration of 272 +/- 30
      pg/ml reversed the inhibition in splanchnic glucose production within 5 min.
      Splanchnic glucose output reached a peak increment 60% above basal levels at 10
      min, and subsequently declined to levels 20-25% below basal at 30-45 min. These
      findings provide direct evidence that physiologic increments in plasma glucagon
      stimulate splanchnic glucose output in the basal state and reverse insulin
      mediated inhibition of splanchnic glucose production in normal man. The transient
      nature of the stimulatory effect of glucagon on splanchnic glucose output
      suggests the rapid development of inhibition or reversal of glucagon action. This
      inhibition does not appear to depend on increased insulin secretio.

PMID- 956402
TI  - The effects of varying noise and information loads on visual information
      processing of schizophrenics.

PMID- 956403
TI  - Migration and outcome in schizophrenia.

PMID- 956404
TI  - Distortion in the perception of depression as a function of level of depression
      and denial.

PMID- 956405
TI  - Autonomic response specificity and extraversion.

PMID- 956406
TI  - MMPI-WAIS relationships in organic and schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 956407
TI  - Toward a psychological understanding of the American Catholic bishop.

PMID- 956408
TI  - Perceptions of penal environment and attitude change.

PMID- 956409
TI  - Completed suicides and their previous attempts.

PMID- 956410
TI  - Some MMPI differences between first and multiple admissions within a state prison
      population.

PMID- 956411
TI  - Clinical application of the Pd, Ma and (OH) experimental MMPI scales to further
      understanding of abusive parents.

PMID- 956412
TI  - Psychological evaluation stress on adolescents.

PMID- 956413
TI  - An empirical study of internal consistency in the MMPI.

PMID- 956414
TI  - Response set and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI).

PMID- 956415
TI  - A-B as a measure of external sensation seeking.

PMID- 956416
TI  - Factor structure of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory under conditions of
      variable stress.

PMID- 956417
TI  - Another look at the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory as an
      index "escapism".

PMID- 956418
TI  - MMPI item correlates of WAIS subtest performance.

PMID- 956419
TI  - Factor structure of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in a nonstressful
      situation.

PMID- 956420
TI  - Repression-sensitization and affect cognition: an examination of the two
      defensive modes purportedly measured by the R-S scale.

PMID- 956421
TI  - Significant increase in MMPI Mf scores within a state prison population.

PMID- 956422
TI  - Euphoria, elation and impunitiveness.

PMID- 956423
TI  - MMPI differences between unipolar and bipolar depressed subjects: a replication.

PMID- 956424
TI  - Windstorms and important persons: personality characteristics of black educators.

PMID- 956425
TI  - Perceived vulnerability to illness and the repression-sensitization dimension.

PMID- 956426
TI  - Anxiety correlates of sex-role identity.

PMID- 956427
TI  - The MMPI profile of prisoners of war.

PMID- 956428
TI  - The congruence between moral judgment and selected scales of the MMPI.

PMID- 956429
TI  - A test of some predictions from the personality assessment system.

PMID- 956430
TI  - Internal-external control, defensiveness, and anxiety in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 956431
TI  - Comparison of the MMPI and Mini-Mult with women who request abortion.

PMID- 956432
TI  - Prediction of specific brain damage location and process by the
      neuropsychological factor approach.

PMID- 956433
TI  - Identification of brain disorders by the Stroop Color and Word Test.

PMID- 956434
TI  - Long- and short-term effectiveness of a large-scale proprietary smoking cessation
      program. -A 4-year follow-up of Smokenders participants.

PMID- 956435
TI  - Response of medical personnel to an on-site smoking cessation program.

PMID- 956436
TI  - Deception and pupil size.

PMID- 956437
TI  - Share and share alike: mutuality of expectations and satisfaction with therapy.

PMID- 956438
TI  - The use of the MMPI to predict conscientious hotline workers.

PMID- 956439
TI  - Client involvement in goal setting and its relationship to therapeutic outcome.

PMID- 956440
TI  - Comparison of experienced and inexperienced interviewers on objectively scored
      interview behavior.

PMID- 956441
TI  - Penile sensitivity, age, and sexual behavior.

PMID- 956442
TI  - Physical education training for adult retardates in a sheltered workshop setting.

PMID- 956443
TI  - Prediction of self-actualization in male participants in a group conducted by
      female leaders.

PMID- 956444
TI  - Demographic variables as predictors of outcome in psychotherapy with children.

PMID- 956445
TI  - Clinical judgment as a function of experience and information.

PMID- 956446
TI  - Personality of wives of alcoholics.

PMID- 956447
TI  - Extraversion--introversion: the personality characteristics of drug abusers.

PMID- 956448
TI  - Arterial wall lesions after pulmonary embolism, especially ruptures and
      aneurysms.
AB  - During an histological study of pulmonary thromboembolism, arterial wall splits,
      many associated with saccular microaneurysms, were observed in association with
      emboli or their fibrous residue. Other aneurysmal lesions, non-inflammatory focal
      medial necrosis, and medial scars were also seen in a few cases. The nature of
      the arterial rents indicates that they arose by mechanical splitting after acute
      stretching of the artery at the time of embolic impaction. Saccular aneurysms
      then developed in some. Impaction could also have caused the foci of medial
      necrosis while the medial scars could represent healed former necrosis of
      rupture. Though the observed incidence of lesions was relatively low, this seems
      to be due to their small sizes and the sampling inherent in conventional
      histological analysis. It is concluded that arterial splits are probably a common
      effect of pulmonary embolism and often give rise to small aneurysms.

PMID- 956449
TI  - Development of germinal centres in the spleen in infants related to birth and
      unexpected death.
AB  - The development of germinal centres in the spleen has been estimated in a series
      of 266 children dying in hospital and 205 children presenting as unexpected death
      in infancy. The prevalence of germinal centres in the spleen increases rapidly
      after birth. The percentage of Malpighian bodies showing germinal centres in the
      spleen is greater in all categories of our classification of death in children
      dying unexpectedly at home when these are compared with hospital deaths. It is
      concluded that the children presenting as unexpected death in infancy show no
      evidence of any deficiency in cellular immunological response and may well have
      been subjected to increased or precocious antigenic stimulation.

PMID- 956450
TI  - Carcinomas and carcinoid tumours of the appendix in a district general hospital.
AB  - In a retrospective series of 40 appendiceal tumours occurring over a 10-year
      period, 30 were carcinoid tumours of classical histological pattern, five were
      adenocarcinomas, and two were tumours intermediate in pattern between carcinoid
      and carcinoma. The remaining three tumours were secondaries from primary colonic
      tumours. The implications of the findings are discussed.

PMID- 956451
TI  - Effect of methotrexate therapy in psoriatics on the Ito cells in liver biopsies,
      assessed by point-counting.
AB  - To evaluate the relationship, both quantitative and qualitative, between the Ito
      cells and methotrexate (MTX) therapy Ito cells were studied by light microscopy
      in 1 mum toluidine blue stained sections and by electron microscopy in 24 pairs
      of Menghini needle biopsies before and after MTX therapy of 24 consenting
      patients with severe psoriasis. Light microscopy showed a statistically
      significant increase in pathological findings (P less than 0-05) and in the
      number of Ito cells and their size (P less than 0-0001) after MTX therapy. It was
      not possible to show a statistically significant correlation between the increase
      in the number of Ito cells and the cumulative dose of MTX. Ultrastructural
      analysis of Ito cells showed no marked difference from pre to post-MTX specimens.
      The fibrosis and cirrhosis seen after MTX therapy in some liver biopsies from
      psoriatics and the post-MTX increase in the number of Ito cells direct attention
      to the possible role of Ito cells as fibroblast precursors.

PMID- 956452
TI  - Computerization of a large antenatal serology service.
AB  - A computer scheme for a large antenatal serology service is described. A primary
      request form (for mother, father or child) has been developed. Standard reports
      are produced by the computer and are issued with a tear-off slip which should
      accompany subsequent specimens. Complicated reports are made by special letter.
      An instruction booklet is issued to all users. Information on patients and
      clinically significant antibodies is held in a special computer file and is
      regularly updated. The system provides an efficient and reliable day-to-day
      service and readily accessible data for retrospective research. A brief note on
      the computer elements of the system is provided.

PMID- 956453
TI  - Anisocytosis and the C-1000 Channelyzer in macrocytic anaemia.
AB  - Red cell anisocytosis as assessed using the Coulter Channelyzer C-1000 showed an
      increase with progressive anaemia in 25 patients with macrocytosis due to B12
      and/or folate deficiency. In deficiency of a single factor, the degree of
      anisocytosis increased with progressive anaemia. In five cases with B12 and
      folate deficiency combined, anisocytosis was markedly increased out of proportion
      to the degree of anaemia present. Iron stores were also reduced in four of these
      cases. It is suggested that objective measurement of anisocytosis is of early
      diagnostic value in the assessment of multiple haematinic factor deficiency, for
      example, in macrocytic anaemia associated with malabsorption states and
      unexpected multiple deficiency states.

PMID- 956454
TI  - Regional quality control.
AB  - Methods of quality control of some major haematological techniques are described.
      These methods have been applied in haematology laboratories serving a population
      of 2 million using existing facilities for preparation and transport of the
      necessary materials.

PMID- 956455
TI  - Comparison of uridine uptake at 24 hours with thymidine uptake at 72 hours in
      phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated cultures of pregnant and other subjects.
AB  - As a possible more rapid test of lymphocyte reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin
      (PHA) than the standard estimation of thymidine uptake after 72 hours (T72),
      uridine uptake after 24 hours (U24) was studied in a total of 96 individuals. No
      reliable correlation between the two estimations was found in 29 outpatients
      showing a wide range of reactivity to PHA nor in 30 healthy control subjects nor
      in 16 pregnant subjects. Conflicting reports have appeared in the literature as
      to whether lymphocyte reactivity to PHA is normal, depressed or enhanced in
      pregnancy. Our group of pregnant subjects showed a significant depression of both
      U24 (P less than 0-01) and T72 (P less than 0-02) results as compared to normal
      female controls. Cultures of semipurified lymphocytes prepared by gradient
      centrifugation on a further 21 normal control subjects showed no better
      correlation between U24 and T72 results than the above unpurified-leucocyte
      cultures.

PMID- 956456
TI  - Infection with minute-colony-forming beta-haemolytic streptococci.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-one strains of minute-colony-forming beta-haemolytic
      streptococci were isolated during the course of routine investigations in
      clinical bacteriology. Each strain was examined for the presence of
      polysaccharide antigens of Lancefield's groups A, C, G, and F and characterized
      in detail as to biochemical and cultural features. On the results of these tests
      it is concluded that the strains should be placed in the species Streptococcus
      milleri. The clinical details relevant to the various strains are summarized
      according to the site of isolation, and their pathological significance is
      discussed.

PMID- 956457
TI  - Assay of gentamicin in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - A comparison of standard curves obtained from a conventional plate diffusion
      assay method revealed significant differences when gentamicin standards were made
      up in different media. Standards made up in distilled water resulted in a curve
      which differed from that of standards made up in pooled human cerebrospinal fluid
      by a factor of up to 4. When the assay medium was supplemented with 0-5% sodium
      chloride, the difference between the two standard curves was reduced to a factor
      of about 1-5. The curve obtained from standards made up in 150 mM sodium
      chloride/4-5 mM calcium chloride correlated well with that from standards made up
      in cerebrospinal fluid. There was no evidence of gentamicin being bound to
      protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 956458
TI  - Absorbance accuracy check on the LKB 8600 reaction rate analyser.

PMID- 956459
TI  - Letter: More information please about commercial reagents.

PMID- 956460
TI  - Regeneration of retinal axons into the goldfish optic tectum.
AB  - The growth of regenerating retinal axons into the central portion of the optic
      tectum of adult goldfish was examined with the light and electron microscopes.
      Optic tracts were cut and, two days to five months later, the animals were
      perfused and the tecta prepared for microscopy. Regenerating axons first reached
      central regions of the tectum seven to ten days postoperatively. Regenerating
      axons appear in very large numbers and travel in fascicles in the stratum opticum
      (SO) and in the adjacent neuropil, the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale
      (SFGS). In the SO, the fascicles are bordered by glial cells and degenerating
      debris. Within the SFGS, however, the fascicles do not seem to be similarly
      associated with glial cells and degenerating debris. The youngest regenerating
      axons are very slender processes, containing microtubules but few or no
      neurofilaments or dense granular material. By 10 to 14 days postoperatively,
      neurofilaments can be seen and, in addition, large numbers of vesicles with dense
      cores appear. The vesicles with dense cores increase in numbers until about 28
      days postoperatively and then become quite rare. That vesicles with dense cores
      were seen in regenerating axons in both SO and SFGS during the period of growth
      into the tectum but were not seen in axon terminals at any time, suggests that
      they may be concerned with axon elongation. During the period one month to five
      months postoperatively, the regenerating axons gradually increase in diameter but
      do not reach preoperative sizes, suggesting that the regenerative changes may
      still be occurring. Remyelination is delayed and proceeds slowly. Many axons
      remain unmyelinated for as long as five months postoperatively.

PMID- 956461
TI  - Reconstruction of neurons of dorsal horn proper using Golgi-stained serial
      sections.
AB  - Three neurons located in the dorsal horn (Lamina III) have been reconstructed
      using Golgi-stained serial sections. These cells including dendritic and axonal
      branchings appear to remain within the dorsal horn and to belong to small-sized
      local interneurons of the dorsal horn proper. The measurements have been made
      with various criteria: the medio-lateral, dorso-ventral and rostro-caudal extents
      of the dendritic tree as well as the axonal branchings, total dendritic and
      axonal length, number of axonal endings and distance from the starting point of
      the axon at the dendrite to the point where the dendrite joins the soma (S-A
      distance).

PMID- 956462
TI  - Trigeminal projections in snakes possessing infrared sensitivity.
AB  - The first order of projections of the trigeminal nerve were studied in four
      species of snakes, three of which are infrared sensitive, utilizing silver
      degeneration and cobalt iontophoresis techniques. The trigeminal nerve projected
      ipsilaterally to a main sensory nucleus, descending spinal nucleus, ventral
      trigeminal field and solitary nucleus with a contralateral projection to the base
      of the descending spinal nucleus in all four species. A major additional
      projection to the lateral nucleus of the trigeminal was present in all three
      infra-red sensitive species but absent in the other. Iontophoresis of cobalt
      chloride into a trigeminal branch composed entirely of infrared sensitive fibers
      and into a trigeminal branch containing no infrared fibers indicated that the
      lateral nucleus of the trigeminal nerve was the sole first target of the infrared
      system.

PMID- 956463
TI  - Synapse formation in the mouse olfactory bulb. I. Quantitative studies.
AB  - A quantitative study of synapse formation in the mouse olfactory bulb has been
      carried out using serial sections. Volumetric synaptic density as well as
      absolute number of synapses per olfactory bulb for eight distinct synaptic types
      have been determined at 15 different ages, from the beginning of synapse
      formation at embryonic day 14 (E14) to postnatal day 44 (P44). Synapses are first
      found in appreciable numbers at E15 when both axo-dendritic and a few dendro
      dendritic synapses occur in the presumptive glomerular layer. Initial synapse
      formation correlates closely with the reorientation of mitral cells from a
      primitive tangenital to a definitive radial direction. Synapse formation by
      mitral cell dendrites occurs after mitral cell axons have grown into the future
      olfactory cortical areas, either simultaneous with or before synapse formation by
      these axons. Virtually all synaptic types detected in adults have been found on
      the day of birth, consistent with the idea that olfaction is an important sensory
      modality for newborn mice. Volumeric density of a given synaptic type generally
      increases 50--100 times during development while the absolute number increases
      about 1,000 times. Synapses in glomeruli develop more precociously than those in
      the time of origin and differentiation of the principal postsynaptic elements of
      these two divisions (mitral cells and internal granule cells). Correlation of the
      time of synapse formation of various synaptic types with their putative excitary
      or inhibitory role determined in adult studies suggests that excitatory synapses
      generally form somewhat earlier, although throughout nearly all of synaptic
      development, both excitatory and inhibitory synapses are present. Reciprocal
      dendro-dendritic synapses in the external plexiform layer appear to have a
      special mode of formation. It is suggested that a granule-to-mitral dendro
      dendritic synapse only forms next to an already existing mitral-to-granule
      synapse on the same gemmule.

PMID- 956464
TI  - Synapse formation in the mouse olfactory bulb. II. Morphogenesis.
AB  - Serial thin sections of the mouse olfactory bulb from the fourteenth day of
      gestation (E14) to postnatal to 44 (P44) have been examined in order to study
      morphogenesis of individual synaptic junctions. At the initiation of synapse
      formation structures are found that resemble postsynaptic densities but are
      facing extracellular space or unmodified processes. Transition forms between
      these isolated postsynaptic densities and undoubted synapses have been found.
      These observations as well as quantitative studies support the hypothesis that
      isolated postsynaptic densities can form independently and be converted to
      synapses when a presynaptic specialization develops opposite them. Detailed
      studies of olfactory axodendritic synaptogenesis throughout the entire
      developmental period suggests strongly that these asymmetrical synapses pass
      through an immature symmetrical phase: (1) symmetrical olfactory axodendritic
      synapses are found in significantly higher concentration on axonal and dendritic
      growth cones than on more common processes; (2) the number of symmetrical
      synapses is correlated with the rate of formation of new synapses determined
      previously. The time for a recognizable symmetrical synapse to be transformed
      into a recognizable asymmetrical one has been calculated to be 9--10 hours. A
      scheme of synapse formation in the CNS has been proposed in which a post-synaptic
      structure forms independently followed by aggregation of pre-existing presynaptic
      components into a presynaptic specialization. Different morphogenetic sequences
      of synapse formation from region to region are attributed simply to different
      relative rates in the development of the postsynaptic density and the presynaptic
      specialization.

PMID- 956465
TI  - Properties of ganglion cells in the visual streak of the cat's retina.
AB  - The properties of ganglion cells in the visual streak of the cat's retina have
      been investigated. Evidence is presented that the streak is formed principally,
      but not entirely, by a concentration of small-bodied ganglion cells with the
      receptive field properties and slow-conducting axons typical of W-cells.

PMID- 956466
TI  - Differential effects of unilateral and bilateral caudate lesions on side
      preferences and timing behavior in rats.
AB  - Rats were trained to bar press on a differential-reinformcement-of-low-rate 16
      sec (DRL 16) schedule for water reinforcement. On alternate days, rats were
      tested in the presence or absence of a light that signaled the availability of
      reinforcement. Rats were allowed to bar press on either of two levers (left and
      right). All rats showed consistent side preferences. For the non-signaled
      condition but not for the signaled condition, normal baseline rates were related
      to the strength of side preferences; lower rates and better timing performance
      were significantly correlated with greater preferences. Unilateral lesions in the
      caudate nucleus ipsilateral to side preferences facilitated timing performance
      during nonsignaled test sessions and increased side preferences during both
      nonsignaled and signaled sessions. Unilateral caudate lesions contralateral to
      side preferences impaired timing performance during nonsignaled test sessions and
      decreased side preferences during all sessions. Bilateral caudate lesions
      transiently depressed response rates without significantly affecting timing
      performance or side preferences. It is suggested that side preferences are
      intimately involved in the control of behavior by internal stimuli and that an
      inherent asymmetry in nigrostriatal function underlies side preferences; the
      effect of a unilateral striatal lesion will depend upon whether the lesion is
      placed in the more or less active striatum.

PMID- 956467
TI  - Evidence against the response-shift account of hyperstriatal function in the
      pigeon (Columba livia).
AB  - Pigeons with hyperstriatal lesions and unoperated controls were given minimal or
      extended side-key pretraining prior to acquisition of a position discrimination.
      Operated birds were impaired following extended, but not minimal, pretraining.
      The birds then acquired a simultaneous color discrimination with posiversals of
      the color discrimination, operated birds were impaired, and this was primarily
      due to an exaggeration of perseverative responding to the former positive
      stimulus. Analysis of choice latencies found no tendency towards an exaggerated
      "Mahut effect" in hyperstriatals and indicated that operated subjects used the
      same solution strategies as normals. These findings directly contradict the
      response-shift account of hyperstriatal function and indicate a return to the
      response-inhibition hypothesis.

PMID- 956468
TI  - Polarized light discrimination by pigeons and an electroretinographic correlate.
AB  - Pigeons placed in a multiple-key Skinner-box could be trained to choose reliably
      keys that were aligned in a specific way with the polarization axis of an
      overhead, randomly rotating light source. On the basis of these results and those
      of additional control experiments, it is concluded that pigeons can discriminate
      the axis orientation of linearly polarized light and, furthermore, that they can
      orient themselves spatially by this cue. Electrophysiological recording
      experiments showed that the shape of the b-wave of the pigeons' electroretinogram
      is affected by the axis orientation of linearly polarized flash stimuli. This
      phenomenon seems to be due to the presence of retinal polarization analyzers that
      may be tied to color vision mechanisms.

PMID- 956469
TI  - Experiential and hormonal conditions affect squab-egg choice in ring doves
      (Streptopelia risoria).
AB  - Noncycling, progesterone-injected, experienced male ring doves prefer eggs to
      squabs in a simultaneous squab-egg choice test, while experienced male doves
      injected with both progesterone and prolactin prefer squabs to eggs. When
      exogenous prolactin is administered to either naive or experienced male ring
      doves during the early phase of a normal incubation cycle, squab choice is
      significantly increased. Squab choice is also significantly increased in
      incubating doves by 24 hr of exposure to a squab in the home nest. This effect is
      greater in naive than in experienced doves. Squabs introduced during late
      incubation have more of a positive effect on squab choice than when introduced
      during early incubation. It is concluded that intracyclic experience organizes
      successive behavioral changes within a reproductive cycle and that naive doves
      are more affected by some changes in intracyclic events than are experienced
      doves.

PMID- 956470
TI  - Facilitation of receptivity in estrogen-primed rats during successive mating
      tests with progestins and methysergide.
AB  - The role of hormonal and experiential variables in mediating the gradual increase
      of receptivity occurring during weekly tests was evaluated in adult
      ovariectomized females. Hormone treatment consisted of estradiol benzoate (EB)
      injection followed by progesterone (P), 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (20alpha
      OHP), methysergide maleate (Me), or oil during weekly mating tests. The
      experiential conditions were vaginal stimulation, mounts only, or no interaction
      with males. There was a gradual increase in receptivity in all groups even en the
      one receiving oil. Progressive facilitation occurred even when no interaction
      with the male was permitted. Interchanging the synergists on the sixth and
      seventh tests was not detrimental to the display of receptivity attained with
      synergists given previously. Thus, we concluded that successive injections of EB
      rather than synergists or experience mediate this increase in receptivity.

PMID- 956471
TI  - Carotene and immunoglobulin concentrations in the colostrum and milk of pasture
      fed cows.
AB  - The carotene and immunoglobulin concentrations in colostra and milks of 6 Jersey,
      4 Friesian and 6 Jersey x Friesian cows were determined during the first 21 d of
      lactation. Carotene concentrations of between 50 and 300ug/g milk fat were found
      at first milking and these declined to normal concentrations, in the range 9
      21ug/g milk fat, by the eighth to tenth day of lactation. Immunoglobulin
      concentrations at first milking were in the range 4-40g/l milk and decreased to
      normal concentrations, in the range 0.3-0.5g/l, by the fifth to seventh day of
      lactation. For both substances the data from each cow's milk fitted an
      exponential decay model. The fractional rates of decrease in concentration of
      carotene were 0.19-0.57/d and of immunoglobulin were 0.40-0.73/d. Breed-group
      differences were observed in both carotene and immunoglobulin concentrations in
      milks after the fourteenth day of lactation. In Jersey milks, the average
      carotene and immunoglobulin concentrations were respectively 18.5 ug/g milk fat
      and 0.32g/l of milk, while in Friesian milks the concentrations were respectively
      11.4 ug/g milk fat and 0.46 g/l milk. There was also a difference between breed
      groups in the daily rates of decrease of the immunoglobulin concentrations. The
      average rate of decrease for the Friesians was about 1.5 times the rate for the
      Jerseys.

PMID- 956472
TI  - Autoxidation in milk rich in linoleic acid. II. Modification of the initiation
      system and control of oxidation.
AB  - Factors contributing to the initiation of lipid oxidation in cow's and mare's
      milk containing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids were studied. Addition
      of H2O2 just after milking, in slight excess of the stoichiometric amounts
      required to destroy ascorbic acid, delayed the development of oxidized flavours
      in cow's milk high in linoleic acid. Hydrogen peroxide treatment followed by the
      addition of alpha-or gamma-tocopherols prevented lipid oxidation in cow's milk
      even when 0.1 mg Cu/l milk was added. When used separately in the presence of Cu
      these treatments were ineffective as was butylated hydroxyanisole treatment. The
      lipid and ascorbic acid in mare's milk were remarkably stable to oxidation.
      Addition of 0.05 or 0.1 mg Cu/l, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, neocuproine,
      or H2O2 had very little effect on the loss of ascorbic acid and lipid oxidation
      in mare's milk.

PMID- 956473
TI  - Enzymic methods for estimation of the somatic cell count in bovine milk. 1.
      Development of assay techniques and a study of their usefulness in evaluating the
      somatic cell content of milk.
AB  - Assay procedures were developed for a number of enzymes in milk which apparently
      originate from leucocytes. The enzymes studied were acid phosphatase, N-acetyl
      beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase, alpha-mannosidase,
      and catalase. Quarter-milk samples were analysed for enzyme activity and results
      compared with the electronic cell count and the Wisconsin Mastitis Test. All
      enzymes measured except acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase showed good
      correlation with the electronic cell count. Of the other 4 enzymes tested, beta
      glucuronidase and arylsulphatase were unsuitable as diagnostic aids owing to the
      lengthy incubation periods required in their assay procedures. The assay of
      catalase, which involved the measurement of the initial rate of release of O2
      using an O2 analyser apparatus, was rapid, sensitive and reasonably reliable, if
      fresh milk samples were used. The assay procedure for N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase was considered to be the most reliable, simple and rapid enzymic
      method for estimating the number of somatic cells in milk.

PMID- 956474
TI  - Autolysis of Streptococcus cremoris.
AB  - The autolysin of Streptococcus cremoris had the specificity of an endo-N
      acetylmuramidase as it hydrolysed the linkage between N-acetylmuramic acid and N
      acetylglucosamine. The enzyme had no amidase or endopeptidase action. It reached
      highest activity in the exponential phase of growth and in the electron
      microscope seemed to fragment the coccal wall at the equatorial ring.

PMID- 956475
TI  - On the age specific incidence and death rates of carcinomata.

PMID- 956476
TI  - Atopy in adults with glomerular diseases: a preliminary report.

PMID- 956477
TI  - Factors that influence milk cholesterol and lipid phosphorus: content and
      distribution.
AB  - Average cholesterol content of 356 raw milk samples was 152.2 mug/ml and upon
      centrifugation (3000 X g for 8 min), 16.9% was distributed in the skim milk
      phase. Lipid phosphorus averaged 19.0 mug/ml and was partitioned 50:50 between
      cream and skim milk phases. Weight ratios of cholesterol to lipid phosphorus for
      milk and skim milk were 8.30:1 and 2.94:1. When variation due to milk yield, fat
      percent, and somatic cell numbers (deoxyribonucleic acid percent reflectance) was
      accounted for by least squares, cholesterol content and distribution did not
      differ among breeds (Holstein, Jersey, and Guernsey). Breed differences in lipid
      phosphorus content of whole milk could not be detected. However, Holsteins had a
      significantly lower content of lipid phosphorus and a higher weight ratio for
      skim milk. Milk yield, fat content, and somatic cells affected responses of
      cholesterol and lipid phosphorus. This supports a multiple origin concept for
      membrane material in skim milk.

PMID- 956478
TI  - Adenosine triphosphate in milk.
AB  - Freshly secreted goat's milk contains a number of viable metabolic pathways
      including those for the synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids. Toward
      understanding this matter, amounts of the fundamentally important energy
      substrate, adenosine triphosphate, in goat's milk were evaluated. Milk left in
      the goat udder overnight had less adenosine triphosphate (12.4 muM) than fresh
      secreted milk (37.6 muM). In similar experiments the skim milk derived from whole
      accumulating in the udder overnight was lower in adenosine triphosphate (14.2
      muM) than skim milk from freshly secreted milk (26.0 muM). To determine changes
      in quantities of adenosine triphosphate after milking, milks were divided into
      two parts, one containing only milk and the other milk plus 2,4-dinitrophenol and
      sodium arsenate, inhibitors of oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation.
      Adenosine triphosphate in milk decreased during 4-h in vitro incubations, and the
      rate of decline was markedly greater in the presence of the inhibitors. Thus,
      freshly secreted goat's milk contains significant amounts of adenosine
      triphosphate, and more can be synthesized therein after removal from the udder.
      In limited samples human and bovine milks contained much lower concentrations of
      the compound than those in goat's milk.

PMID- 956479
TI  - Relative activation of milk lipoprotein lipase by serum of cows fed varying
      amounts of fat.
AB  - A routine laboratory assay to evaluate relative concentrations of lipoprotein
      lipase activator (apo C-II) in cow serum was developed. The assay was linear for
      at least 120 min after an initial, unexplained, lag ime of 13 to 15 min. Half
      maximal activation was in the range of 1 to 2% serum in the assay. Inhibition of
      activation was indicated at high amounts (10%) of serum. Activation from plasma
      was half that from serum, presumably caused by an increase in substrate Km in the
      presence of heparin. Use of glyceryl tri[9,10-3H] oleate yielded excessively high
      blanks; [2-3H] glyceryl triolein is suggested for routine assay. Relative amounts
      of activator were not different between dry and lactating cows fed "conventional"
      diets. Activator concentration increased linearly with increasing dietary fat and
      was related to concentration of total lipid in plasma. The assay may provide a
      useful adjunct in studies on lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 956480
TI  - Mechanisms of secretion: effects of colchicine and vincristine on composition and
      flow of milk in the goat.
AB  - Colchicine, the plant alkaloid, produced a dramatic decrease in milk flow when
      infused into the udder of the goat. The compound (1 to 5 mg) dissolved in 5 ml of
      water was inserted into one side of the under via the teat canal. Such treatments
      consistently caused a depression in milk yield from the infused side with maximum
      at 36 h and substantial reversal by 72 to 96 h. Milks from both the infused and
      uninfused sides of the udder were essentially normal in composition (fat,
      protein, and lactose). However, globulins and riboflavin were elevated in milks
      from the infused side. The plant alkaloid, vincristine, produced effects on milk
      secretion similar to those of colchicine but at dosages roughly one-tenth the
      latter. The two substances had no effect on the amount of milk from the uninfused
      side of the udder. Experiments employing [carbon-14] colchicine revealed that
      less than 20% of the infused colchicine is secreted in the milk. Both the
      secretion of fat globules and the emptying of secretory vesicles by the lactating
      cell are inhibited by colchicine indicating that a portion of the cell population
      is turned off from secretion. Plant substances such as colchicine and vincristine
      may at times limit yields of milk, especially in grazing ruminants.

PMID- 956481
TI  - Distribution and clearance of polybrominated biphenyls in cows and calves.
AB  - The distribution and clearance of polybrominated biphenyls were determined in two
      cows and a calf fed polybrominated biphenyls by boluses, by placental transport
      to a calf from a contaminated dam, and to another calf via milk from the
      contaminated dam. Feces were an important route of excretion of polybrominated
      biphenyls during exposure and the period when the contaminated feed was cleared
      from the digestive tract. Approximately 50% of single intraruminal doses of these
      hydrocarbons were cleared by 168 h. Free polybrominated biphenyls in urine could
      not be quantitated. However, 24% of carbon-14 from tetrachlorobiphenyl was
      recovered, suggesting that significant quantities of halogenated biphenyl may be
      excreted in urine. Milk was also an important excretion route with one cow
      excreting 23% of the polybrominated biphenyl dose in 168 days. Concentrations of
      polybrominated biphenyls in the fat of most tissues were similar, with higher
      concentrations in liver and lower in the nervous system. Gross or histopathologic
      lesions of tissues collected at necropsy could not be related specifically to
      polybrominated biphenyl toxicity.

PMID- 956482
TI  - Excretion of levamisole in milk from cows treated with various formulations.
AB  - The rate of disappearance of levamisole in milk from cows given levamisole
      hydrochloride drench, levamisole resinate in feed pellets, levamisole
      hydrochloride boluses, or levamisole phosphate injectable was determined. Each
      formulation was given as a single treatment to each of five cows at a rate
      equivalent to 8 mg of levamisole hydrochloride/kg of body weight. Levamisole
      hydrochloride residues in milk averaged .50, .55, .58, and .32 ppm at 12 hr after
      the administration of levamisole drench, feed, bolus, and injectable
      formulations. Levamisole hydrochloride residues were below .01 ppm in milk at 48
      h after drench treatment and at 60 h after treatment with other three
      formulations. Toxicity symptoms were not observed in any cows following
      treatment.

PMID- 956483
TI  - Factors influencing rumen fermentation: effect of hydrogen on formation of
      propionate.
AB  - The effect of hydrogen on fermentation of lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, and
      succinate by resting rumen microorganisms has been investigated. Under an
      atmosphere of nitrogen, lactate was fermented to yield acetate as the major
      product (85 to 100 mole %) and propionate (0 to 17 mole %) and butyrate (0 to 3%)
      as secondary products. Under hydrogen, there was increased formation of both
      propionate and total volatile fatty acids. The amount of propionate increased 4
      to 8 times and total volatile fatty acids 2.5 to 3.2 times. Propionate formation
      was proportional to the hydrogen concentration and reached a maximum at a partial
      pressure of hydrogen of .2 N/m2. With [2-carbon-14] lactate, propionate was
      formed via the dicarboxylic acid pathway under both nitrogen or hydrogen.
      Hydrogen did not affect significantly the fermentation of pyruvate or succinate.
      With fumarate under hydrogen, propionate and total volatile fatty acids increased
      6.8 and 2 times while acetate was unchanged. The mechanism by which hydrogen
      exerts these effects is discussed in relation to the role of methanogenesis in
      the rumen.

PMID- 956484
TI  - Coffee grounds. I. Effects of coffee grounds on ration digestibility and diuresis
      in cattle, on in vitro rumen fermentation, and on rat growth.
AB  - Holstein steers were used to compare rations in which coffee grounds replaced
      grain at rates of 0, 5, 10, or 20%. The coffee grounds analyzed (%) dry matter
      91.1, protein 11.8, fat 23.1, fiber 42.5, ash .7, and caffeine .13. Digestibility
      coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, and energy decreased, and ether
      extract increased progressively as concentrations of coffee grounds in the ration
      were increased. There was a significant decrease in nitrogen retention and
      utilization when the rations contained 10 or 20% coffee grounds. Coffee grounds
      depressed feed intake, increased urinary output, and increased water intake
      (based on dry matter intake). Coffee grounds caused diuresis and renal, urethral,
      and bladder irritation. Adding coffee grounds up to 35% of the substrate did not
      depress rumen microbial fermentation, as measured by in vitro gas production.
      Weight gain of rats fed rations containing 22.5% untreated coffee grounds was
      reduced significantly. Water extraction removed some undersirable factors in
      coffee grounds for rats, and ether extraction removed most of them. Incremental
      additions of coffee oil (1, 3, or 5%) to the basal diet resulted in incremental
      decreases in rat weight gain.

PMID- 956485
TI  - Corn grain preserved with ammonium isobutyrate for lactating dairy cattle.
AB  - Twenty-four lactating cows were fed one of three complete rations containing dry
      corn, ensiled corn, or corn treated with ammonium isobutyrate in a Latin square
      arrangement of treatments. Two weeks were used for adjustments to rations and 3
      wk for collection of data. There were no differences in average daily yield of
      milk or fat-corrected milk, but fat percentage of milk from cows fed ensiled corn
      was lower than that of those given dry corn. Fat test of cows fed treated corn
      was intermediate and not different from the other groups. Molar proportions of
      volatile fatty acids and concentrations of rumen ammonia were not different among
      treatments.

PMID- 956486
TI  - Responses of young calves to low doses of lead.
AB  - Twenty calves, week-old male Holsteins, 42.8 kg body weight, were assigned to
      four treatments by oral dose 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg lead carbonate/kg body
      weight given three times weekly until calf fetal hemoglobin had been converted to
      100% adult hemoglobin for 2 consecutive wk. Analyses were for the first 7 wk when
      data were complete. Variables included lead in blood, body weight changes,
      erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity, packed cell volume,
      hemoglobin, conversion of fetal to adult hemoglobin, and erythrocyte 2,3
      diphosphoglyceric acid. Early changes due to lead treatment were inhibition of
      delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase at all doses and increased loss of hemoglobin
      at 3.0 and 6.0 mg doses. Growth rate was not impaired seriously by lead
      treatment. The 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in erythrocytes reached peak value at 3
      to 4 wk of age and then decreased with age, but 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid of the
      treated calves was not changed by the low lead dosing. Low lead dosing will
      induce early metabolic changes in the young calf prior to inhibition of growth.

PMID- 956487
TI  - Characterization of fatty acid synthesis by cow mammary subcellular fractions.
AB  - Cellular site of fatty acid synthesis was investigated with mammary tissue from
      lactating cows. Cytosol, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions were obtained by
      differential centrifugation and characterized by measurement of marker enzymes.
      Two incubation media were utilized to quantitate acetate incorporation into fatty
      acids by the subcellular fractions. The cytosol fraction synthesized fatty acids
      from 4 to 16-carbons in chain length with the pattern similar to those
      synthesized in vivo. No significant acetate incorporation into fatty acids was
      obtained with mitochondria or microsomal incubations. The malonyl-CoA pathway was
      the predominant pathway of fatty acid synthesis in cow mammary cytosol as
      evidenced by inhibitory studies with avidin.

PMID- 956488
TI  - Relation between mammary gland development and body weight.
AB  - Mammary gland indices including deoxyribonucleic  acid, dry fat-free tissue, and
      wet weight were correlated with body weight in species having a range of 20,000
      fold in body weight. Included were mice, hamsters, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits,
      sheep, and cattle. From limited data accumulated at Missouri, the relation of
      deoxyribonucleic acid of mammary gland (Y, mg) to bodyweight (X, g) was Y = .53X
      79 at the peak of lactation, Y = .29X-82 at the end of pregnancy, and Y = .056X
      84 at the beginning of pregnancy. Comparing mammary dry fat-free tissue (mg) to
      body weight resulted in: Y = 20X-80, Y = 9.7X-85, and Y = 2.6X-91 in the same
      order while equations for mammary gland wet weight (mg) and body weight were: Y =
      135X-82, Y = 123X-79, and Y = 38X-85. The composite value for regression (b) when
      all data were combined was .80. These mammary indices relate to but are slightly
      higher than metabolic body weight which is accepted generally as body weight to
      the three-quarter power.

PMID- 956489
TI  - Measurement of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the bovine.
AB  - Bovine plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was estimated by rapid protein binding
      assay. Serum-binding proteins in the assay were from rats deficient in vitamin D
      and from normal rats; no differences existed in standard curves. Nanograms 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol in eight cows averaged 45.5 +/- 12.2 ml of plasma. Results
      from the rapid protein binding assay compared favorably (greater than 10%
      deviation) with values from a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol assay involving high
      pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 956490
TI  - Prenancy diagnosis in dairy cattle by progesterone concentration in milk.
AB  - Concentration of progesterone in whole milk was used to diagnose pregnancy in
      lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were taken 21 to 22 days postbreeding and
      analyzed for progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone in milk greater than
      11 ng/ml, 8 to 11 ng/ml, and less than 8 ng/ml was used classify animals as
      pregnant, questionable, and not pregnant. In this classification for 123 cows, 67
      were classified pregnant, 7 questionable, and 49 not pregnant. A comparison of
      progesterone diagnosis with actual calving results showed agreement of 73 and 98%
      for the cows classified as pregnant and not pregnant. Thirteen of 19 animals, in
      which there were discrepancies between diagnoses by milk progesterone and calving
      results, were not detected in estrus within 30 days after breeding. One animal
      classified not pregnant by milk progesterone was pregnant.

PMID- 956491
TI  - The IGR Dimilin and its formulations against mosquitoes.

PMID- 956492
TI  - Sheep ked populations on a small farm.

PMID- 956493
TI  - Methoprene for control of horn flies: application to drinking water of cattle via
      a tablet formulation.

PMID- 956494
TI  - Reproductive inhibition activity of the insect growth regulator TH 6040 against
      the stable fly and the house fly: effects on hatchability.

PMID- 956495
TI  - A chemical attractant for screwworm flies.

PMID- 956496
TI  - Field trials with a translocation homozygote in Aedes aegypti for population
      replacement.

PMID- 956497
TI  - Inhibition of larval horn fly development in the manure of bovines fed Dimilin
      mineral blocks.

PMID- 956498
TI  - Imported fire ants: 10-5, an alternate formulation of mirex bait.

PMID- 956499
TI  - Evaluation of a synthetic pyrethroid for control of stable flies and horn flies
      on cattle.

PMID- 956500
TI  - Red imported fire ant control with mound drenches.

PMID- 956501
TI  - Encoding of taxonomic word categories by schizophrenics.

PMID- 956502
TI  - Effect of the double-bind communication on the anxiety level of normals.

PMID- 956503
TI  - Normal development and psychopathological impairment of the concept of the object
      on the Rorschach.

PMID- 956504
TI  - Scales for physical and social anhedonia.

PMID- 956505
TI  - Experiences of depression in normal young adults.

PMID- 956506
TI  - Contrasting interpersonal orientations in hypnosis: collaborative versus
      contractual modes of response.

PMID- 956507
TI  - Effect of posthypnotic dissociation on the performance of interfering tasks.

PMID- 956508
TI  - Biofeedback and electrodermal self-regulation in psychopathy.

PMID- 956509
TI  - On being detectably sane in insane places: base rates and psychodiagnosis.

PMID- 956510
TI  - Hallucinatory experience: a personal account.

PMID- 956511
TI  - Psychopathology in female sex-change applicants and two help-seeking controls.

PMID- 956512
TI  - On the significance of never using a drug: an example from cigarette smoking.

PMID- 956513
TI  - Binaural interaction in cat and man. II. Interaural noise correlation and signal
      detection.

PMID- 956514
TI  - Identification of random auditory waveforms. II. Interaural relationships.

PMID- 956515
TI  - Acoustic reflex threshold of the chinchilla as a function of stimulus duration
      and frequency.

PMID- 956516
TI  - Linguistic uses of segmental duration in English: acoustic and perceptual
      evidence.

PMID- 956517
TI  - Hearing sensitivity of the mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatis.

PMID- 956518
TI  - Identification of vowels excerpted from neutral and nasal contexts.

PMID- 956519
TI  - An investigation of speaker photograph indentification.

PMID- 956520
TI  - Acute changes in animal inner ears due to simulated sonic booms.

PMID- 956521
TI  - Mechanical parameters of hearing by bone conduction.

PMID- 956522
TI  - Measurement of the combination tones f2-f1 and 2f1-f2.

PMID- 956523
TI  - Temporal masking of a click by noise in diotic and dichotic listening conditions.

PMID- 956524
TI  - Lateralization of repeated filtered transients.

PMID- 956525
TI  - TTS from neighborhood aircraft noise.

PMID- 956526
TI  - Input acoustic-impedance measurement of the subglottal system.

PMID- 956527
TI  - What information enables a listener to map a talker's vowel space?

PMID- 956528
TI  - Consonant environment specifies vowel identity.

PMID- 956529
TI  - Comparison of the reliability of a Auraldome headset and a standard headset in
      obtaining pure-tone audiometric threshold measures.

PMID- 956530
TI  - Forward and backward masking in the presence of a continuous noise floor.

PMID- 956531
TI  - Individual differences in pure-tone localization.

PMID- 956532
TI  - Comment on "Interaural alternation, information load, and speech intelligibility"
      (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 57, 1219-1220 (1975)).

PMID- 956533
TI  - Dioxathion metabolites, photoproducts, and oxidative degradation products.

PMID- 956534
TI  - Ultraviolet irradiation of fenitrothion and the synthesis of the photolytic
      oxidation products.

PMID- 956535
TI  - Light-induced transformations of methoxychlor in aquatic systems.

PMID- 956536
TI  - Factors affecting the stability of dimilin in water and the persistence of
      dimilin in field waters.

PMID- 956537
TI  - Persistence of endrin in Indian rice soils under flooded conditions.

PMID- 956538
TI  - In vitro inhibition of lactic acid dehydrogenase by insecticidal polychlorinated
      hydrocarbons. 2. Inhibition by dieldrin and related compounds.

PMID- 956539
TI  - Metabolism in human embryonic lung cell cultures of three phenylurea herbicides:
      chlorotoluron, fluometuron, and metobromuron.

PMID- 956540
TI  - Determination of ronidazole in swine tissues by differential pulse polarography.

PMID- 956541
TI  - Residues of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine)and its
      metabolities in chicken tissues.

PMID- 956542
TI  - Effect on performance of a low level mixture of organochlorine insecticides in
      broiler breeder feed.

PMID- 956543
TI  - Effect of dietary zinc and copper interrelationships on blood parameters of the
      rat.

PMID- 956544
TI  - Hydroxylation of beta-carotene on micro-cel C.

PMID- 956545
TI  - Analysis of blue cheese for roquefortine and other alkaloids from Penicillium
      roqueforti.

PMID- 956546
TI  - Metabolities of 3-phenyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole (PMO) in rats, dogs, and mice.

PMID- 956547
TI  - Multielement uptake by vegetables and millet grown in pots on fly ash amended
      soil.

PMID- 956548
TI  - Multielement absorption by crops grown in pots on municipal sludge-amended soil.

PMID- 956549
TI  - Letter N-Nitrosopyrrolidine collected as a volatile during heat-induced formation
      in nitrite-containing pork.

PMID- 956550
TI  - Letter: Rapid analysis of potassium sorbate in dried prunes by ultraviolet or
      colorimetric procedures.

PMID- 956551
TI  - Morphine and codeine in poppy seed.

PMID- 956552
TI  - Letter: Identification of salsolinol as a phenolic component in powdered cocoa
      and cocoa-based products.

PMID- 956553
TI  - The cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies with pollen allergens. I. Analyses of
      various species of grass pollens.
AB  - Atopic patients with histories of grass pollen allergy often are sensitive to a
      variety of species of grasses. Using a serum pool from patients sensitive to June
      grass, we analyzed the reactivity of IgE antibodies to seven grasses by the
      radioallergosorbent test. Extracts were analyzed for their inhibitory activities
      with solid-phase allergens prepared from all of the grass pollen. Also samples of
      serum were exhaustively absorved with solid-phase allergens and the supernatants
      tested to determine the reactivity of the remaining IgE antibodies. Three
      patterns of reactivity were observed: (1) June, orchard, meadow fescue, and
      perennial rye grasses displayed similar reactivity in both inhibition and
      absorption studies; (2) sweet vernal and Bermuda grasses were considerably less
      reactive with the serum pool, indicating that they lacked antigenic determinants
      possessed by the other grasses; and (3) timothy grass possessed unique antigenic
      determinants. Knowledge of these patterns of cross-allergenicity is of importance
      for diagnosis and treatment of sensitive patients as well as for in vitro
      standardization of extracts.

PMID- 956554
TI  - The cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies with pollen allergens. II. Analyses of
      various species of ragweed and other fall weed pollens.
AB  - Although the antigenic composition of short ragweed pollen has been extensively
      investigated, very few studies have analyzed the allergenic cross-reactivity
      among various types of ragweed pollens. Using a serum pool from patients
      sensitive to short ragweed, we studied the cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies to
      six ragweeds by the radioallergosorbent test. Extracts were analyzed for their
      inhibitory activities with solid-phase allergens prepared from all of the ragweed
      pollens. Also, samples of serum were absorbed with the various solid-phase
      allergens and the reactivity of the remaining IgE antibodies was determined. Two
      patterns of reactivity were observed. Short, giant, western, and false ragweeds
      displayed comparable reactivity in both inhibition and absorption experiments.
      Slender and southern ragweed were considerably less active, indicating that they
      lacked allergenic groupings possessed by the other species. These same patterns
      of cross-reactivity were found using ragweed pollens from four commercial
      sources. Knowledge of these patterns of cross-allergenicity is of importance for
      diagnosis and treatment of sensitive patients as well as for in vitro
      standardization of extracts.

PMID- 956555
TI  - Transfer factor: hypoxanthine is a major component of a fraction with in vivo
      activity.
AB  - Transfer factor was prepared from the leukocyte lysates of four donors with known
      skin test reactivity. After ultrafiltration and double-gel filtration on
      polyacrylamide gels, fraction IV of the preparation was found to have biologic
      activity. This fraction contained one major and occasionally one minor
      ultraviolet-absorbing and zero to one ninhydrin-detectable spots on thin-layer
      chromatography. The major ultraviolet spot was identified as hypoxanthine.
      Hypoxanthine was demonstrated to be responsible for the high 260 nm/280 nm ratio
      of preparations with biologic activity in vivo. It was not determined if
      hypoxanthine is required for transfer factor activity. In addition, an orcinol
      negative preparation also had biologic activity.

PMID- 956556
TI  - Nonorganic adverse reactions to aeroallergen immunotherapy.
AB  - Ten patients are presented who exhibited adverse reactions to immunotherapy (IT)
      which mimicked immunologically mediated reactions but were thought to be
      nonorganic in etiology. The nonorganic nature of the reactions was considered to
      be established in 6 of these patients and highly likely in the remaining 4. These
      reactions tended to occur in young patients, particularly women, at relatively
      low allergen extract doses and were associated with minimal or no objective
      findings. There was a high incidence of coexisting or contributory psychiatric
      problems in these patients, particularly involving hysterical or hypochondriacal
      personality traits. In some patients presenting with nonorganic adverse reactions
      to immunotherapy, it appears that the immunotherapy may be successfully continued
      after the patient gains insight into the nature of the reactions. In other
      patients, however, these reactions may necessitate discontinuing immunotherapy,
      and in still other patients, these reactions may confirm the need for psychiatric
      consultations.

PMID- 956557
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of long-term bronchodilator administration.
AB  - Because of reports of drug tolerance occurring with chronic use of adrenergic
      agents in asthma, we investigated cardiopulmonary responsiveness to ephedrine and
      to the beta-2 agent, tebutaline, following chronic drug administration for
      periods up to one year. With chronic drug administration baseline (prior to daily
      medication) FEV increased 19% in the terbutaline group and 3.5% in the ephedrine
      group. An additional increase of FEV above baseline of 23% for terbutaline and
      12% for ephedrine was noted after daily medication. Terbutaline also had a longer
      duration of effect; peak response after ephedrine occurred at 2 hr while
      terbutaline effect was maximal at 3 to 4 hr. There was no evidence for reduced
      responsiveness to the bronchodilator actions of either drug at any time. Despite
      prolonged use, both drugs continue to increase heart rate and pulse pressure
      moderately following ingestion, with a peak effect occurring at 3 hr; however,
      pulse pressure widened after terbutaline because of a diastolic fall, while the
      major effect of ephedrine was to increase systolic pressure. Baseline blood
      pressure, particularly diastolic, declined progressively with continued drug use.
      No evidence of cardiac, ehpatic, renal, or ophthalmologic toxicity or change in
      need for other bronchodilator agents was noted during the study with either drug.

PMID- 956558
TI  - Clinical conference: Allergic reactions to insulin.

PMID- 956559
TI  - Conformational analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance. Nitrogen-15 and carbon-13
      spectra of lactams.

PMID- 956560
TI  - Cyclic peptides. 14. Conformational energy and circular dichroism of proline
      containing cyclic dipeptides.

PMID- 956561
TI  - Cyclic peptides. 15. Lanthanide-assisted 13C and 1H NMR analysis of preferred
      side-chain rotamers in proline-containing cyclic dipeptides.

PMID- 956562
TI  - Spatial configuration of ordered polynucleotide chains. 3. Polycyclonucleotides.

PMID- 956563
TI  - Biosynthesis of griseofulvin.

PMID- 956564
TI  - Reactions of Mo2O42+ with mercaptans and implications for molybdoenzymes.

PMID- 956565
TI  - Letter: Transition metal catalyzed asymmetric organic syntheses via polymer bound
      chiral ligands. Synthesis of R amino acids and hydratropic acid by hydrogenation.

PMID- 956566
TI  - Letter: Isolation and synthesis of pinoresinol diglucoside, a major
      antihypertensive principle of Tu-Chung(Eucommia ulmoides, Oliver).

PMID- 956567
TI  - Letter: Structures of gonyautoxin II and III from the East Coast toxic
      dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis.

PMID- 956568
TI  - The dioxygen adduct of meso-tetraphenylporphyrinmanganese(II), a synthetic oxygen
      carrier.

PMID- 956569
TI  - Structure and conformation of cyclo(tri-L-prolyl) in the crystalline state.

PMID- 956570
TI  - Electronic effects in transition metal porphyrins. The reactions of imidazoles
      and pyridines with a series of para-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin complexes of
      chloroiron(III).

PMID- 956571
TI  - Organofluorine synthesis via photofluorination: 3-fluoro-D-alanine and 2-deuterio
      analogue, antibacterials related to the bacterial cell wall.

PMID- 956572
TI  - A comparison of the glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of NADPH by
      trinitrobenzenesulfonate with the uncatalyzed reaction.

PMID- 956573
TI  - Letter: Boron analogues of amino acids. Synthesis and biological activity of
      boron analogues of betaine.

PMID- 956574
TI  - Letter: Benzo[a]pyrene-nucleic acid derivative found in vivo: structure of a
      benzo[a]pyrenetetrahydrodiol epoxide-guanosine adduct.

PMID- 956575
TI  - Letter: Gnidimacrin and gnidimacrin 20-palmitate, novel macrocyclic antileukemic
      diterpenoid esters from Gnidia subcordata1,2.

PMID- 956576
TI  - Letter: Imidazolate-bridged complexes of copper(II).

PMID- 956577
TI  - Letter: The crystal and molecular structures of [(C6H5)4P]2Fe(S2C4O2)2 and
      [(C6H5)4P]2Fe(SC6H5)4, a structural analogue of reduced rubredoxin.

PMID- 956578
TI  - Group dynamics--a point of view. People, interaction, and change.
AB  - Group dynamics is analyzed both as a science and as an art. Three major elements-
      people, their interaction, and the change emanating from that interaction--are
      discussed. People come together as a group with basic needs, such as the need to
      feel important. Ideally, they will feel some cooperative sense of unity;
      inevitably, they will interact. Passive, verbal, or restless--as the case may be-
      they will influence one another toward a positive or a negative goal. For a
      successful, total group experience, good leadership is essential, with planning
      to insure a climate of discovery, properly budgeted time, and realistic goals,
      with allowances for limitations. Group participants help each other learn, and
      spectators become doers who achieve goals. Guidelines, techniques, and
      recommended reading accompany the article.

PMID- 956579
TI  - Sociologic study of food habits--a review. II. Differentiation, accessibility and
      solidarity.
AB  - The process of changing food habits is more complex than would appear to most
      nutritionists; it involves much more than the collection of information. Change
      must be studied from a multidisciplinary, chiefly a sociologic, point of view,
      since the food habits of families within a community are formed in a matrix of
      human relationships. Three major variables are presented and discussed:
      (a)differentiation, the capacity to process information; (b)accessibility, the
      measured distance between a family and an information source; and (c)solidarity,
      the ability of a family group to react cohesively to proposed change. To effect
      change in his dietary habits, an individual needs his family's cooperation. The
      nutritionist will do well to rely on the findings of social scientists if
      proposed changes in family food habits are to be implemented.

PMID- 956580
TI  - A computer-based dietary counseling system.
AB  - A computer-based dietary counseling system is described. Designed to interact
      directly with patients,  the program interviews people about their dietary
      behavior and plans with them a weight-reducing diet of approximately 1,500 kcal.
      In a preliminary trial, twenty-five volunteers gave critical commentary en route
      through the interviews. The results provided insight into the process of dietary
      interviewing by computer and helped in the preparation of an experimental study
      (10). It is our hope that a revised and expanded version of the program will be
      helpful to both patients and nutritionists in the management of a variety of
      clinically important dietary problems.

PMID- 956581
TI  - Oregon dietitians respond to call for health care planning data.

PMID- 956582
TI  - Clinical dietitians use computer-generated worksheet.
AB  - Clinical dietitians at the UMC Medical Center expressed a desire for a computer
      generated listing of patients which could be used to record pertinent information
      obtained during patient visitation. An existing computer-stored census file was
      used as the data base for a computer program developed to print a dietitan's
      worksheet, which included the patient's name, location, and birth date. The form
      was printed on 8 1/2

PMID- 956583
TI  - EDP recipe adjustment by percentage method in a college foodservice system.

PMID- 956584
TI  - Aging.
AB  - Aging, a wearing-out process which affects everything inanimate and animate, is
      accelerated by abuse of decelerated by care. The psychologic reaction of aging
      persons vary considerably. The concept of growing older is much more satisfactory
      and pleasant than the concept of being old, since the former is applicable to
      everyone regardless of age whereas the latter carries a finite significance as
      deterioration progresses. Chronologic age is much less important than biologic
      age. The desideratum is not longevity but rather a long, useful and meaningful
      life. Although heredity is of importance in longevity, it is a factor over which
      at present we have no control. However, we can influence the aging process
      according to whether we care for or abuse the body. The principal factors in
      accelerated aging, in order of importance, are: 1) tobacco use (particularly
      cigarette smoking), 2) lack of exercise, and 3) obesity. Conversely, abstinence
      from tobacco, exercise within tolerance, and avoidance of obesity not only
      decelerate aging but result in a better quality of life.

PMID- 956585
TI  - Spiral aftereffect test and rapid picture projection test with aging populations.

PMID- 956586
TI  - Postmortem study of a case of Werner's syndrome.
AB  - The postmortem study of a classic case of Werner's syndrome is presented. The
      subject was a Japanese man who died at the age of 39. Major findings included
      general microsplanchnia, extreme atrophy of the testes and skin, calcified aortic
      atherosclerosis, an increase of basophils in the pituitary, aspiration pneumonia,
      chronic pyelonephritis and a meningioma in the occipital area of the brain.
      Histologically, no osteoporosis was evident in the lumbar spine and iliac bone.
      The findings suggest that in Werner's syndrome the dominant pathologic factor may
      be found in connective tissue other than bone.

PMID- 956587
TI  - Tachyarrhythmias in old age.
AB  - The electrocardiograms of 1,171 patients above the age of 65 in a predominantly
      geriatric institution were reviewed to determine the incidence of
      tachyarrhythmias. Data on the overall incidence and the individual types of
      arrhythmias are presented. Atrial fibrillation was the most common arrhythmia
      observed, followed by atrial flutter and supraventricular tachycardia. Atrial
      fibrillation often was associated with other evidence of myocardial damage. The
      significance of sinus bradycardia and grade I A-V block in the pathogenesis of
      atrial fibrillation and the significance of the tachyarrhythmias are discussed.

PMID- 956588
TI  - Hypochondriasis associated with organic brain syndrome: a new approach to
      therapy.
AB  - Symptoms of hypochondriasis in patients with organic brain disease usually
      disappear during the course of an anticoagulant-psychotherapy regimen for the
      treatment of dementia.

PMID- 956589
TI  - Rapid colorimetric determination of free fatty acids.

PMID- 956590
TI  - Triglyceride composition of Amoora rohituka seed oil.

PMID- 956591
TI  - Determination of Fe, Cu, Ni, and Mn in fats and oils by flameless atomic
      absorption spectroscopy.

PMID- 956592
TI  - Lipid-oxidation catalyses by substances in water on lipid-water interface.

PMID- 956593
TI  - Studies on the oil of Xanthium strumarium.

PMID- 956594
TI  - Monte Carlo technique to simulate aflatoxin testing programs for peanuts.

PMID- 956595
TI  - Distribution of oil or other diethyl ether extractable material in various
      fractions of peanuts infected with selected fungi.

PMID- 956596
TI  - Effect of varying levels of dietary protein on tumor development and lipid
      metabolism in rats exposed to aflatoxin.

PMID- 956597
TI  - A rapid screening method for the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A.

PMID- 956598
TI  - The Washington phenomena.

PMID- 956599
TI  - Experience in an organized patient education program.

PMID- 956600
TI  - "If i were in his shoes, how would i feel?".

PMID- 956601
TI  - Portrait of a pharmacy primary care program.

PMID- 956602
TI  - A unique alliance of medical and pharmaceutical skills.

PMID- 956604
TI  - Digitoxin.

PMID- 956603
TI  - Serving on the health team at summer camp for diabetic children.

PMID- 956605
TI  - [An original and effective technic for trachelorrhaphy. Preliminary note].
AB  - Extensive commissural tears in the region of the isthmus accompanied by
      incompetence of the cervix can be easily and successfully treated by an original
      procedure carried out through the vagina. The technique uses at the same time the
      general ideas and advantages of the freshening of the surfaces technique uses at
      the same time the general ideas and advantages of the freshening of the surfaces
      technique of Emmet, the repair of the isthmus technique of Lash and of Palmer and
      Shirodkar's cerclage technique for stitching the isthmus of the uterus.

PMID- 956606
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the vulva. Our experience apropos of 21 cases].
AB  - The authors report the anatomoclinical aspects and the treatment of 21 cases of
      cancer of vulva at the Danang General Hosptial from 1961 to 1974. The treatment
      is only surgical : total vulvectomy and bilateral femoral, inguinal and pelvic
      lymphadenectomies (radical vulvectomy). The 5 year survival is 63,3 p. 100.
      Stages I and II have a better survival rate. Metastasis in nodes determine a poor
      prognosis.

PMID- 956607
TI  - [Acupunctural analgesia in labor. Preliminary study].
AB  - The authors report their preliminary results of the use of acupuncture analgesia
      in normal delivery. They obtained 22 very good results out of 31 cases of low
      lumbar pain, especially in posterior positions. The figures are not significant
      yet, but they are encouraging, as far as uterine contraction pain is concerned.
      The very good results obtained during caesarean section encourage us to persist
      with the method.

PMID- 956608
TI  - [Percoelioscopic biopsy of the ovary].

PMID- 956609
TI  - [Appendicular and ureteral adenomyomas. Problem of induction of the stroma in the
      endometriosis foci].
AB  - The authors discuss the contents and interpretation of the theories of
      pathogenicity of the condition of endometriosis after having defined it in its
      different forms and sites. Adenomyosis (internal endometriosis) and less than
      adenomyomata greater than (enternal endometriosis accompanied by smooth muscle
      hyperplasia) give rise to special problems of histogensis. The induction of fibro
      muscular stroma into the area could be brought about by two different mechanisms.
      There is no need for ectopic endometrial glands to induce stroma in mulleriam
      organs. On the other hand non-mulleriam organs under the diaphragm seem to need
      that the glands are present and that they induce the surrounding stroma.

PMID- 956610
TI  - [Measurement of plasma oxytocinase. Comparison with urinary excretion of
      estrogens].
AB  - Plasma cystinylaminopeptidase (CAP) activity and 24 h urinary excretion of
      oestrogens were measured simultaneously in 102 pathological pregnancies. The
      correlation between the two chemical assays is weak (p = 0,13, to 0,47). Plasma
      CAP levels were significantly (p less than 0,01) lowered in cases of fetal death;
      but urinary oestrogen assays were within the normal limits (p greater than 0,1)
      in this group. Each assay suggested an equal number of correct or incorrect
      prognoses. Their association resulted in 9 correct prognoses in 12 pregnancies
      with unfavourable outcome, but led to 12 unduly bad prognoses in a group of 40
      normal births. The association of the two assays allows a more adequate diagnosis
      of high-risk pregnancies, but has the disadvantage of offering an unduly bad
      prognosis in a greater number of normal cases.

PMID- 956611
TI  - [Activity of serum leucine aminopeptidase lamp in normal and pathologic
      pregnancies].
AB  - The activity of the enzyme leucine aminopeptidase (LAmP) in serum was examined in
      305 pregnant women (174 women with normal pregnancy, and 131 women with disturbed
      pregnancy). The activity of this enzyme increases during the normal development
      of pregnancy. In disturbed pregnancies, the LAmP activity is lower as compared to
      normal pregnancies. A peculiar case: toxemia of pregnancy, where the activity of
      the enzyme is considerably increased. This fact may be compared with the increase
      of LAmP activity in cases of liver damage. The LAmP activity test in pregnancy is
      reliable and can be performed practically in every laboratory, thus deserving its
      place among the many tests meant to assess the normal function of the foeto
      placental unit. This test may also help in the diagnostic of some specific
      pregnancies such as twin pregnancy, hydatidiform mole and extra-uterine
      pregnancy.

PMID- 956612
TI  - [Obstetrical tocography. I. Didactic summary].
AB  - The importance and value of manometry are presented with examples of patients in
      labour. It is important to distinguish between the pressures and the forces
      working on the fetus, especially as far as the causes of fetal bradycardia are
      concerned. Graphs of magnetic lag are shown in order to demonstrate that the
      tension on the fetus and sometimes on the placenta and the cord precedes and
      lasts longer than the increase in hydrostatic pressure which accompanies a
      contraction. The paper includes the following subjects: Introduction and general
      observations. The patient and the monitoring device and the tolerance to external
      and internal manometry by the patient. The concepts of pressure and force. The
      distrubution of pressures and forces in obstetrics. The measure of forces by
      their conversion into pressure in a manometric system. The interpretation of the
      results of the measure of pressure and force in obstetrics.

PMID- 956613
TI  - [Histologic and immunologic study of the testis after ligation of the vas
      deferens in dogs].
AB  - We wanted to study the effect of bilateral ligature and section of the deferentia
      of 12 dogs from the histological and immunological aspects. We looked for
      circulating anti-sperm antibodies and anti-basal membrane of the testes
      antibodies at the same time as histological study to find out what happened to
      these lesions after epididymo-deferential anastomosis had been carried out 16
      weeks later. The histological lesions (disappearance of exfoliation of the germ
      cells and of necrobiosis of these cells) disapperared after anastomosis. Anti
      basal membrane antibodies were never found. Anti-testicular circulating auto
      antibodies were never found. Anti-sperm antibodies appeared between 1 and 5
      months after ligature and then disappeared a few months later. Failures to
      fertilise after epiddidymo-deferential anastomoses therefore do not seem to be
      due to these two factors.

PMID- 956614
TI  - [Automatic analyses of rapid fluctuations of basal fetal heart rate during
      delivery. Verification of parameters].
AB  - The authors using an electronic calculator have measured 3 parameters, which
      allowed them to carry out quantitative evaluations of rapid variations in basal
      fetal cardiac rhythms (fluctuation) of 29 samples of fetal heart rate obtained
      during labour. The three parameters are: 1. Mean variation by intervals. 2.
      Values for differences in intervals approaching zero. 3. Zero changes in the
      derived curve. Each of these parameters was compared with the values of
      fluctuations which were obtained by visual analysis quantified on the same
      samples of tracings. The results of these coefficients of correlation show that
      the chosen parameters enable quantitative values for these fluctuations to be
      obtained.

PMID- 956615
TI  - [Intraepithelial carcinoma of the cervix uteri. 1) Cytologic detection in
      gynecologic practice. Our exerience with 15,000 smears].
AB  - The best results in screening for subclinical cancer of the cervix are given by
      cytological studies. The authors in reviewing their experience in this method of
      screening studied the result of 15,000 smears which gave a diagnosis of 37 cases
      of intra-epithelial carcinoma of the cervix, which means 1 case of carcinoma in
      situ diagnosed in every 400 smears. Although the technique is very simple it has
      to be carried out according to strict criteria at the time of taking the smear,
      of fixing it immediately and of staining it. There is a group of patients who are
      at high risk about the age of forty, when there is a marked influence due to
      parity. But only a systematic policy will bring about diagnosis of pre-invasive
      carcinoma in cases where the cervix is clinically healthy. The cytology is
      usually characteristic, though the diagnosis may be difficult during pregnancy,
      or when hormone contraception is being used or when there is a trichomonas
      infection present. This explains why we find false positives in 0.03 per cent of
      cases in this study and false negatives in 0.03 per cent of cases. Their rarity
      means that the method is 99.94 per cent reliable. Finally, the cervical smear
      gives an opportunity for studying the vaginal microbial flora as well as the cyto
      hormonal state.

PMID- 956616
TI  - [Laparotomies during pregnancy. Apropos of 32 cases].
AB  - Among the 5612 pregnancies followed at the 2nd Obstetrical and Gynaecological
      Clinic of the University Hospital of Athens, from July 1969 to December 1974,
      laparotomy was undertaken 32 times for conditions not associated with pregnancy,
      an incidence of 0,58%. The laparotomy was performed because of ovarian cysts,
      fibroids, acute appendicitis and bowel obstruction. The accurate diagnosis, the
      fetal loss rate, maternal morbidity and mortality were discussed.

PMID- 956617
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis and pregnancy].
AB  - When a pregnant woman presented with a syndrome suggesting obstruction and fever
      together with jaundice and oliguria the authors remembered the difficulty of
      clinical diagnosis and the biology of pancreatitis. They studied the connection
      of this condition with pregnancy, its pathogenesis, its prognosis and its
      treatment, as well as the various factors that were favourable (treatment with
      diuretics, the right ovarian vein syndrome).

PMID- 956618
TI  - [Bismuth encephalopathy in pregnant women. Apropos of a case].
AB  - A case of bismuth encephalopathy in a pregnant woman is reported. The
      neurological picture, characterized especially by myoclonic attacks, is no
      different from that found in the non-pregnant state. The principal observations
      are on three points: - the need to think of a toxic origin of convulsions in
      pregnancy, - the onset of threatened premature labour during repeated convulsive
      crises, - the passage of bismuth across the placenta : this has been proved by
      the levels found in the amniotic fluid (55 mcg per 1,000) and in the cord blood
      (320 mcg per 1,000). The child, who was normal at birth, developed a transient
      hypotonus which seemed attributable more to the treatment of the mother with
      Diazepam and pheno-barbitone than to her having taken bismuth during the
      pregnancy.

PMID- 956619
TI  - [Development of ultrastructural changes in human cervix mucus during the ovarian
      cycle. Scanning electron microscope study].
AB  - The use of the Scanning Electron Microscope has made it possible through
      observation to study the human cervical mucus through the various stages of the
      ovarian cycle, as well as to describe the significant variations of the meshed
      woof making up the ultrastructure during the ovarian cycle. While the slackening
      of the woof and the dimension of the meshes are minimal at both the beginning and
      end of the cycle, they reach a maximum on forteenth day. In the ovulatory period,
      lateral expansions from the filaments are numerous. On the other hand, median and
      terminal thicknesses are almost inexistant during the same period : their
      frequency decreases during the first part of the cycle, then increases during the
      luteal phase. During both the preceding and following days of ovulation, one can
      observe numerous twistings at the level of the filaments which probably express
      the relaxation and then contraction of the latter. The preparatory technique as
      well as the method of observation used appear reliable enough to allow a
      comparison of the cervical mucus ultrastructure in varied physiological,
      pathological and experimental situations.

PMID- 956620
TI  - [Contractile force, work of the uterus, power developed and resistance of the
      cervix uteri during labor. Measurements in Poissy units].
AB  - Apart from records made of uterine contractions in labour and the progress in
      dilatation of the cervix, the energy exerted by the uterus to open the cervix can
      be calculated. The power that is developed and the resistance of the factors that
      combine to inhibit dilatation of the cervix can also be calculated. Examples are
      given of promiparous women with a dilatation of 5 cm.

PMID- 956621
TI  - [Obstetrical tocography. II. Review of its methodology and a new concept].
AB  - The methods employed for measuring pressure have been analysed from the
      historical and practical points of view. The systems at present in use are
      criticised and a modification based on catheters with inflatable balloons is
      described. By this method precise manometry is obtained using a strong material.
      The patient can unplug the monitoring system without it having to be recalibrated
      later. Furthermore this system avoids errors which come from movements of the
      catheter, changes of temperature and accidental increases in pressures. Equally
      it will stand humidity and sterilisation by heat.

PMID- 956622
TI  - [Measurements by ultrasonics of the gestation sac in threatened abortion].
AB  - The embryonic sac has been measured and its dimensions compared with normal
      measurements in cases where symptoms suggest threatened abortion. This has been
      done with the object of trying to complete visual exploration of the uterine
      contents in such cases. The distribution of the diameters that have been measured
      in 148 pathological cases show that the number of those below the lower limit of
      normal is significantly higher when pregnancy will result in abortion or in
      premature labour.

PMID- 956623
TI  - [Listerosis and pregnancy without fetal disease].
AB  - A case of vaginal listeriosis occurring in the sixth month of pregnancy is
      reported. It was discovered when the patient suffered from symptoms of
      appendicitis complicated by jaundice and an acute nephritis. It was investigated
      by vaginal smears and swabs, and by amniocentesis. Treatment was general and
      local. The fetus was not attacked, the pregnancy continued, resulting in the
      delivery and birth of an undamaged infant.

PMID- 956624
TI  - [Macroscopic examination of the fresh placenta. Statistical analysis of 1,200
      cases. Comparison with maternal and neonatal pathology].
AB  - We have examined 1,200 placentas in a fresh state and have compared the results
      of these examinations with maternal pathology on the one hand and the neo-natal
      pathology on the other hand. It turns out that most abnormalities of pregnancy
      are associated in a significant way with the pathological findings in the
      placenta, and that the good or pathological health of the newborn is
      significantly associated with the normal of pathological character of the
      placenta. The principal weakness in this method of examination is the absence of
      information about infection. This is why it seems important to us to carry out
      smears from the placenta before examining it macroscopically.

PMID- 956625
TI  - [Intra-epithelial carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Our experience with treatment,
      the role of conization].
AB  - The authors re-emphasize that the sure diagnosis of carcinoma of the cervix
      depends on histology; having considered a series of 15,000 smears in an article
      on cytological screening for carcinoma of the cervix. They show that the main
      prop of this histological examination should definitely be conisation. They
      furthermore prepare an inventory of the different possible methods of treatment
      of intra-epithelial carcinoma, stating for each method the advantages and
      disadvantages of the method. Their attitude to treatment is conservative, and
      they believe that conisation in every case is sufficient when complete removal of
      the in situ lesion is carried out whatever the age of the patient is. They state
      the limits of this method and define clearly the contra-indications for such a
      scheme of treatment, which can only be carried out routinely with the absolutely
      necessary cooperation of a cytology laboratory and faultless histology.

PMID- 956626
TI  - [Loco-regional analgesia by electronic stimulation during labor].
AB  - This is a preliminary report on an original method of local regional electronic
      analgesia. From it the first results can be deduced. The threshold for pain which
      was appreciated at 25 mmHg without electronic stimulation was raised to 48 mm Hg
      under electronic stimulation. Fetal ill-effects are nil.

PMID- 956627
TI  - [Transverse laparotomy by supre-pubic detachment of the recti muscles in
      gynecologic surgery. Apropos of 266 cases].
AB  - The authors have studied 266 case histories where supra-pubic detachment of
      rectus muscles was used according to Cherny's method. This allowed aseptic
      gynaecological surgery to be carried out in all its forms by a true transverse
      incision. The advantages are great : it is aesthetic and the incision can be
      enlarged if necessary indefinitely. This means that surgery can be carried out
      easily and explains the great rarity of intra-abdominal complications. On the
      other hand two relatively rare complications do occur with this incision :
      peritoneal haematomata and lateral herniations. Details have been given of the
      methods necessary to avoid these complications.

PMID- 956628
TI  - [Benign mesothelioma of the genital area].
AB  - A case of benign mesothelioma of the genital tract which required two operations
      to cure is reported. The patient is in a satisfactory condition ten years after
      the second operation. A bibliography is given.

PMID- 956629
TI  - [Attempt at a standardized interpretation of testicular histopathology in male
      sterility].
AB  - The authors present a standard for interpreting the histopathology of testicular
      biopsies carried out during the framework of investigation of male sterility. The
      standard is based on a study of the alterations in the seminiferous tubes (T),
      the peritubular membranes (M) and the interstitial tissue (I). This method of
      histological assessment has been used to study 35 subjects on whom bilateral
      bipolar biopsies were carried out (130 specimens). The statistical study showed:
      a) the absence of any difference between the pieces taken from the two poles in
      each testis; b) the level of concentration of spermatozoa could not be tied up
      with any of the three histological parameters. This applied also for hormone
      levels with the exception of GUT which seem to correlate directly with M; c) the
      presence of a varicocoele does not reflect in any way the membrane or the
      interstitial tissue; d) spermograms carried out after the biopsies showed that
      testicular biopsy does not cause permanent trauma to the testis. The advantages
      and disadvantages of this quantitative method are discussed.

PMID- 956630
TI  - [Simultaneous study of the placental, myometrial and cervical circulations
      (indium 113 and anemometric thermometry). 2. Effect of xanthinol nicotinate].
AB  - The authors have studied the action of nicotinate of xantinol on the placental,
      myometrial and cervical circulations using an isotope technique (Indium 113) and
      anemometric thermometry. They show that this product in every case increases the
      flow through the cervix and has little action on the flow through the placenta,
      except that in rare cases it lessens it. The action on the myometrial circulation
      varies from woman to woman. There is a significant negative statistical
      correlation between variation in the circulation through the cervix and the
      placenta.

PMID- 956631
TI  - [Electronic surveillance during delivery. A method of reading the tracings].
AB  - A method for reading the foetal heart rate tracings and a guide of management
      advise in each case have been established from a review of the literature and the
      study of 500 records. The tracings are schematically divided into three
      categories according to the presumed risk of foetal distress: normal or
      "tolerable" tracings, alarm symptoms and danger symptoms. For each categorie, and
      according to the duration of the variations, a type of management is proposed.
      Other diagnostic means, such as capillary blood pH measurement are desirable to
      improve the foetal state diagnostic and make the treatment more precise.

PMID- 956632
TI  - [Uncommon form of vesico-uterine fistula].
AB  - A vesico-uterine fistula has been seen after a caesarean section. Unusually, the
      discharge ran from the bladder to the uterus. The problems of the aetiology, the
      diagnosis and the treatment are discussed.

PMID- 956633
TI  - [Detection of phthiriasis by colposcopy].
AB  - The colposcope need not be used solely to examine the mucosa of the cervix and
      vagina. It can help in the diagnosis of the etiology of genito-pubic phthiriasis
      by the finding of louse eggs firmly fixed to the hairs, whereas usually only the
      low magnification microscope shows them up.

PMID- 956634
TI  - [Tetanus and pregnancy. Labor with assisted respiration].
AB  - The authors report a rare case in which tetanus occurred with a pregnancy near
      term. In this particular case of pregnancy with risk for the fetus and mother
      associated with one another, curative treatment with monitoring of the state of
      the fetus and assisted respiration for the mother resulted in the birth of a live
      child who could be brought up normally and a cure for the mother without having
      to resort to caesarean section.

PMID- 956635
TI  - [Development of the breasts of the fetus. Effects of the administration of
      hormonal preparations during pregnancy].
AB  - The mammary glands of ten still-birth premature fetuses were studied
      histologically. In seven cases a combination of oestrogen-progesterone
      preparations were administered to the mother in early pregnancy for a duration of
      at least 3 months. In three cases no hormones were administered. According to our
      observations and the experimental work of other investigators, we may conclude
      that oestrogenic hormones inhibit the development of the mammary gland.

PMID- 956636
TI  - [Indications of choice for extra-amniotic perfusion of physiologic serum].
AB  - After a preliminary report on 20 cases, we have used extra-amniotic perfusion of
      isotonic saline, in association or not with syntocinon, for performing:--56 2nd
      trimester therapeutic abortions,--16 labor inductions in interrupted 2nd and 3rd
      trimester pregnancies, with macerated fetus (missed abortion and missed labor).
      This method, relatively simple, permits the discharge of the conceptus within a
      reasonable time. Our experience allowed us to draw the indications of choice in
      the use of this method, which are the following: 1. When the amniotic puncture
      may be difficult (at the beginning of the 4th month or if the age of pregnancy is
      uncertain). 2. When there is an increased risk of hemorrhage with coagulation
      disorder macerated fetus or some systemic diseases). 3. When there are counter
      indications for the use of hypertonic saline solution or prostaglandins (some
      renal, cardiac or respiratory diseases). 4. When one needs a fetus in a
      relatively good state for embryologic, histologic or genetic studies, which are
      important in case of abortion for rubella or chromosomic anomaly. In view of the
      innocuousness of this method, its use for labor induction in evolutive
      pregnancies is suggested.

PMID- 956637
TI  - Individual adaptation in the middle years. A testing of faith in self and object
      constancy.

PMID- 956638
TI  - Individual adaptation in the middle years. Developmental issues in the masculine
      mid-life crisis.

PMID- 956639
TI  - Individual adaptation in the middle years. Effects in middle age of "forgetting"
      origins and roots.

PMID- 956640
TI  - Some experiences in feeding the aged.

PMID- 956641
TI  - Perceptual and behavioral correlates of "organicity" in old age.

PMID- 956642
TI  - Group work with the elderly in a community center. Panel presentation.

PMID- 956643
TI  - Sequential protein analysis from single identified neurons of Aplysia
      californica. A microelectrophoretic technique involving polyacrylamide gradient
      gels and isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gradient gels and isoelectric focusing in
      polyacrylamide gels of capillary size are powerful tools for the analysis of
      molecular weight and charge properties of small protein samples. This is
      demonstrated using identified neurons from the abdominal ganglion of the sea hare
      Aplysia californica. Certain cell-specific peptides, which are considered to be
      neurosecretory, have been shown to be water soluble when ethylene glycol was
      employed as a mobilizing agent. Although the mode of action of ethylene glycol is
      not yet understood, this method may be of value for various extraction
      procedures. The application of a new staining method that is preferential for
      separations of sodium dodecyl sulfate-proteins yields information about the
      charge of water-insoluble proteins which has so far been inaccessible.
      Preliminary results gained by a small, two-dimensional mapping procedure as well
      as optical density separation patterns of two different nuclear protein
      fractionation from a single isolated nucleus outline further possibilties of the
      microgel techniques.

PMID- 956644
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of catalase and L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase in
      microperoxisomes of Hydra.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of catalase and L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase
      (LalphaHAO) was studied in two species of Hydra. Diaminobenzidine reaction
      product of catalase activity was present in small round or elongated bodies
      resembling microperoxisomes in the epitheliomuscular, digestive and gland cells.
      They were closely related to the endoplasmic reticulum, and were often found in
      proximity to deposits of lipid and glycogen. Reaction product of LalphaHAO
      activity was also associated with the microperoxisomes. With rapidly oxidized
      substrates, such as L-lactic acid, reaction product diffused into the cytoplasm
      around the microperoxisomes. With slowly oxidized substrates, such as DL-alpha
      hydroxyisovaleric acid, reaction product was restricted to the matrix of the
      microperoxisomes. No reaction product was present in the microperoxisomes in the
      absence of substrate or with D-lactic acid. The rate of substrate oxidation
      measured biochemically roughly paralleled the amount of cytochemical reaction
      product deposited with different substrates. Microperoxisome-like bodies reactive
      for LalphaHAO were also found in the epidermal cnidoblasts; however, catalase
      could not be demonstrated in them. This study provides the first cytochemical
      evidence for the presence of an H2O2-producing oxidase in microperoxisomes.

PMID- 956645
TI  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunosuppression: a virus-induced
      macrophage defect.
AB  - Primary immunizing infections with LCM virus result in a transient depression of
      the in vitro proliferative responses of splenic lymphocytes to mitogens
      specifically reactive with T cells or B cells. This depression of lymphocyte
      function is the result of a virus-induced defect in an adherent, phagocytic cell
      population required for in vitro lymphocyte activation. Depressed responses
      persist for about 1 week after virus clearance and can be corrected by the
      addition of normal PEM or 2-ME to infected spleen cell cultures. Although the
      precise nature of this defect remains unclear, it is postulated that it is due to
      a productive infection of macrophages and their precursors that renders them
      dysfunctional. Secondary LCM virus infections do not result in depressed in vitro
      responses to mitogens, presumably because of rapid virus clearance and limited
      numbers of infected cells. Primary infections of immunologically immature mice,
      mice rendered functionally athymic, or mice treated with nonspecific
      immunosuppressive agents result in LCM virus persistence. Shortly after
      infection, these animals show a similar depression of immunologic reactivity that
      returns to normal as the virus carrier state becomes established. Despite virus
      persistence, few PEM from established LCM virus carrier mice contain viral
      antigens and these cells function normally. Thus, LCM virus-induced
      immunosuppression appears to reflect a subtle cytopathic effect of LCM virus
      replication that is not mediated by the virus-specific cell-mediated immune
      mechanisms responsible for acute LCM virus disease.

PMID- 956646
TI  - Colchicine-sensitive structures and lymphocyte activation.
AB  - The possible modulatory role of microtubules or closely related colchicine
      sensitive structures in the response of human lymphocytes to mitogenic lectins
      was investigated. Colchicine (0.1 to 10 muM) AND VINBLASTINE (0.1 TO 10 MUM)
      inhibited early [14C]-aminoisobutyric acid and late [3H]-thymidine uptake in
      phytohemagglutinin-and concanavalin A-stimulated human lymphocytes but failed to
      alter 45Ca uptake. Lumicolchicine, an inactive congener of colchicine, was
      ineffective in all three systems. Both microtubular agents accentuated and
      prolonged the early cyclic AMP response to lectin. Little or no alteration in
      cyclic AMP levels was seen with colchicine or vinblastine alone or in combination
      with PGE (10MUM) or epinephrine (1muM) suggesting that the effect on cyclic AMP
      metabolism is largely selective for lectin stimulation. Neither microtunular
      agent altered 125I-concanacalin A binding. Since the inhibition of DNA synthesis
      was throughout the culture period and early aminoisobutyric acid uptake is
      affected, it appears that these agents are acting on an early event, or events,
      in the activation sequence. Although the mechanism of the inhibition is not
      known, the effect of colchicine and vinblastine in prolonging the cyclic AMP
      response to lectin may be involved. Alternatively, alterations in microtubules
      assembly may exert effects on membrane architecture interfering with propagation
      of the stimulus from the membrane to the cell interior.

PMID- 956647
TI  - Intestinal uptake of macromolecules. V. Comparison of the in vitro uptake by rat
      small intestine of antigen-antibody complexes prepared in antibody or antigen
      excess.
AB  - The in vitro absorption by rat jejunal and ileal gut sacs of soluble antigen
      antibody complexes and of antigen alone was compared. Complexes prepared in 2
      fold antibody excess were absorbed in significantly smaller quantities than was
      antigen alone. Complexes prepared in 50-fold antigen excess were absorbed by
      jejunal gut sacs in quantities equivalent to that antigen alone, whereas the
      absorption of such complexes by ileal sacs was somewhat decreased compared to
      that of antigen. There was less radiolabeled antigen tightly bound to the
      intestinal mucosa of gut sacs exposed to complexes prepared in antigen or
      antibody excess compared to antigen alone. Complexes prepared in antibody excess
      appeared to stimulate secretion of mucus and complexes were associated with the
      mucus fraction. It was suggested that the large size of complexes prepared in
      antibody excess may result in their trapping in the mucus coat of the gut,
      thereby preventing contact with the surface of the enterocyte from whence uptake
      by pinocytosis is initiated. In addition, complexes appear to be shed from the
      surface with mucus by a mechanism still to be elucidated.

PMID- 956649
TI  - Review of the notation for the allotypic and related markers of human
      immunoglogulins.

PMID- 956648
TI  - Rapid detection of mycoplasma antibody.

PMID- 956650
TI  - Immunochemical studies of infectious mononucleosis. V. Isolation and
      characterization of a glycoprotein from goat erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - A glycoprotein was isolated from goat erythrocyte membranes by extraction with
      hot 75% ethanol. The glycoprotein was purified by ethanol precipitation,
      phosphocellulose chromatography gel filtration, ethyl:ether and
      chloroform:methanol extraction. In aqueous phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7, the
      glycoprotein was in an aggregated state with a sedimentation coefficient (S(obs))
      to 1.5. Electrophoresis of the glycoprotein on polyacrylamide gels containing
      phosphate-buffered 0.1% SDS gave a single band, staining with both periodic acid
      Schiff (PAS) and Coomassie Blue (CB). The apparent m.w., calculated from
      retardation coefficient, was 25,000. Electrophoresis of the glycoprotein on 1%
      SDS gels buffered with Tris-acetate (pH 7.4) showed a major band of similar
      (23,500) apparent m.w. plus four other PAS- and CB-staining bands of lower
      mobility. With 131I-labeled glycoprotein, recovery of bands from gels, sialic
      acid analysis, heterophile antigen activity, and re-electrophoresis, it was shown
      that these additional bands were aggregated forms of a single or closely related
      glycoprotein species. The purified glycoprotein contained 50% carbohydrate with
      molar ratios of sialic acid:galactose:mannose:galactosamine:glucosamine of
      3.1:2.1:0.1:1.6:1. The glycoprotein was highly reactive with the Paul-Bunnell
      heterophile antibody in the sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis, with
      Limulus polyphemus lectin and weakly ractive with wheat germ agglutinin. These
      reactivities were destroyed by neuraminidase treatment or by alkaline sodium
      borohydride. The native glycoprotein did not react with lectins from Canavalia
      enisformis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ricinus communis, or Vicia graminea although it
      was reactive with the latter two after neuraminidase treatment.

PMID- 956651
TI  - In vitro induction of F1 hybrid anti-parent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - Spleen cells from normal (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice were sensitized in vitro for 5
      days with irradiated C57BL/6 or DBA/2 parental stimulating cells. Effector cells
      were generated which specifically lysed 51Cr-labeled targets (leukemia or mitogen
      stimulated lymphoid cells) H-2-matched with the parental genotype used for
      sensitization. The response of F1 spleen cells to the C57BL/6 parent was stronger
      and more reproducible than that to the DBA/2 parent. The kinetics of generation
      of effector cells were similar for the F1 anti-parent and an F1 anti-allogeneic
      response. However, the magnitude of the F1 anti-C57BL/6 cytotoxic response was
      considerably lower than the F1 response to allogeneic cells. The ratio of
      responder to stimulator cells in the cultures was more critical for the former
      than for the latter response. Several lots of fetal bovine serum were found to be
      adequate for supplementing the medium in the induction of J1 hybrid anti-parent
      and anti-allogeneic cytotoxic effector cells. Based on these and other studies,
      it would appear that the F1 hybrid anti-parent cytotoxic response provides an in
      vitro model of murine hemopoietic graft rejection in vivo. This response may be
      elicited by a mechanism distinct from T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and involve
      different subpopulations of spleen cells.

PMID- 956652
TI  - HLA-related control of spontaneous and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic
      activity in humans.
AB  - Normal human lymphocyte preparations were tested for their ability to lyse both
      antibody-coated and unsensitized human target cell lines. The capacity to induce
      these two types of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent (Ab-CMC) and
      spontaneous (Sp-CMC), was detected by a 51Cr release assay. The reactivity of
      lymphocytes from 1. individual donors showed a positive and highly significanlty
      correlation between Ab-CMC and Sp-CMC, leading to the hypothesis that the same
      type of effector cell is involved in the two cytotoxic mechanisms. Lymphocytes
      from male donors were about twice as effective as those from female donors in
      both systems. Moreover, the effector cells from male donors carrying HLA antigens
      A3 and B7 displayed a significantly lower reactivity in both Sp-CMC and Ab-CMC
      when compared with lymphocytes from male donors bearing any other HLA haplotype.
      The possible significance of the hyporeactivity of lymphocytes from normal
      subjects with HLA-A3,B7 haplotype in relation to an increased susceptibility to
      multiple sclerosis (MS) is discussed.

PMID- 956653
TI  - Human transfer factor: effects on lymphocyte transformation.
AB  - Transfer factor preparations from 57 different donors have been compared for
      effects on mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation. Nine of the
      preparations were mitogenic when added to cultured lymphocytes although the
      magnitude of this activity was relatively low. The majority of the preparations
      (48/57) did not affect PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation although
      augmentation (6 of 57) and suppression (3 of 57) was observed with some. In
      addition we observed that most of the preparations tested suppressed ConA
      stimulation and augmented the PWM response. When selected preparations were
      evaluated on antigen-responsive cells, there was a correlation between the
      magnitude of antigen responsiveness and the magnitude of TF augmentation of
      antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation (p less than 0.005). Cultures that were
      not responsive to antigen (KLH-negative or BUdR-treated) could not be stimulated
      by TF from immune donors and antigen. These data suggest that TF preparations
      contain either stimulatory or inhibitory components and that TF is not capable of
      activating naive lymphocytes to undergo transformation in response to antigen.

PMID- 956654
TI  - Antibody-induced killing in vivo of L1210/MTX-R cells quantitated in passively
      immunized mice with 131I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled cells and whole-body
      measurement of retained radioactivity.
AB  - The killing of the LR subline of the DBA/2J leukemia L1210/MTX by passive
      antibody was followed in vivo with 131I-iododeoxyuridine-labeled cells and whole
      body measurement of retained radioactivity. The in vivo killing of LR cells was
      proportional to the in vitro 2-mercaptoethanol resistant titer, independent of
      the complement system, and radioresistant. Although a large percentage of the
      leukemic cells was killed in passively immunized mice, the protective effect of
      the passive antiserum was dependent on the active immune response of the host.

PMID- 956655
TI  - A new activity of complement component C3: cell-bound C3b potentiates lysis of
      erythrocytes by C5b,6 and terminal components.
AB  - EAC4b,3b (sheep erythrocytes carrying rabbit antibody and guinea pig complement
      component fragments C4b and C3) adsorb human C5b,6 reversibly; the avidity of
      binding varies inversely with ionic strength. We believe that the receptor of
      C5b,6 is contributed by the cell-bound C3b because the binding capacity of
      EAC4b,3b varies with C3b multiplicity and can be blocked with rabbit antibody to
      guinea pig C3. The fixation of C5b,6 to the erythrocyte-bound C3b serves to
      concentrate C5b,6 on the cell surface; as a consequence, the hemolytic efficiency
      of C5b,6 is almost 100 times greater when assayed with EAC4b,3b than with plain
      erythrocytes. This potentiation represents a hitherto unrecognized function of
      cell-bound C3b.

PMID- 956656
TI  - Immune response in the hamster. VIII. Ig class differences in susceptibility to
      tolerance induction.
AB  - A hemolytic plaque assay was used to quantitate the antibody response of the
      Syrian hamster after immunization with hen egg albumin (HEA). Whereas HEA in
      complete Freund's adjuvant (HEA-CF) induced a prolonged heterogeneous (IgM, IgG1
      and IgG2) antibody response, the response to soluble HEA in saline (HEA-S)
      differed in that: 1)both the primary and secondary responses were restricted to
      the IgG1 class; 2)the IgG1 primary response was cyclical with PFC peaks on days 9
      and 16; 3)although an anamnestic secondary response was demonstrated, no further
      augmentation was noted after tertiary and quaternary boosters; 4)the booster
      response was transient reaching a peak after 48 hr and declining to low levels
      within 7 days. Adoptive transfer of lymph node cells to irradiated recipients
      followed by challenge with HEA-CF revealed: 1)that HEA-S-treated donor cells were
      primed for an IgG1 response because anamnesis was seen 7 days after challenge,
      yet on day 21, IgG1 PFC were 20-fold less than that of controls; 2)recipients of
      HEA-S treated cells showed profound suppression of both IgM and IgG2 PFC on days
      14 and 21. These studies indicate that soluble antigen induced in hamsters a
      state of complete tolerance of IgM and IgG2 classes whereas the anamnestic
      response of the IgG1 class remained intact.

PMID- 956657
TI  - Influenza A virus interaction with murine lymphocytes. II. Changes in lymphocyte
      surface properties induced by influenza virus A/Japan 305 (H2N2).
AB  - This report describes changes in surface properties of rat thoracic duct
      lymphocytes (TDL) induced by influenza virus A/Japan 305 (H2N2). After incubation
      with virus at 37 degrees C, sialic acids were released from the membranes of TDL
      WITH CONCOMItant reduction in their mean electrophoretic mobility.
      Autoradiographs of TDL which had been incubated with 125I virus at 4 degrees C
      showed that the particles attached to nearly all the lymphocytes although there
      was variation in the amount of virus bound per cell. Attachment occurred rapidly
      with maximum labeling evident after incubation at 4 degrees C for 5 min.
      Incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 hr resulted in a 10 to 18% reduction in the
      incidence of labeled TDL suggesting that some virus eluted spontaneously. When
      125I-virus-treated TDL were incubated in syngeneic serum, substantial amounts of
      virus eluted reducing the incidence of labeled cells by 50%. In addition,
      evidence was obtained by indirect immunofluorescence that syngeneic serum
      contains antibodies which react with sites on the lymphocyte surface exposed by
      the viral neuraminidase.

PMID- 956658
TI  - Structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. V. Binding, University of
      immunoglobulin G and fragments to placental membrane preparations.
AB  - Fc receptors have been shown to be present in human placental tissue with
      properties distinct from those on macrophages and lymphocytes. A single class of
      receptor was observed with an intrinsic affinity 4X 10(6) M-(1) for human IgG1.
      The order of affinity for IgG subclasses was IgG1 = IGG1 greater than IgG3
      greater than IgG4. IgA and IgM were not bound. Fc from IgG1 bound with the same
      affinity as the whole molecule and to the same number of receptor sites, 2 X 10
      (12)/mg placental protein. IgG1 was no longer boung after mild reduction and
      alkylation whereas the binding of Fc was unaffected by this treatment. Neithe C3
      nor C3, the two domains which comprise the Fc region of IgG1, bound to the
      placental receptor. This implies that this Fc receptor is unlike those found on
      most cell surfaces and that plasental binding is an exception to the theory that
      each domain has evoked to perform independent functions.

PMID- 956659
TI  - Evidence for the presence of components of the alternative (properdin) pathway of
      complement activation in respiratory secretions.
AB  - Activation of the alternative complement pathway by respiratory secretory IgA was
      demonstrated by incubating purified, aggregated preparations of serum and
      secretory IgA with neat human serum. No depletion of the early components (C1-4)
      was observed, but 63 and 70% of C3-9, respectively, were consumed. The C3-9
      consuming capacity of heat-aggregated nasal secretions from an IgA-deficient
      volunteer was compared with heat-aggregated nasal secretions from a normal
      volunteer known to have secretory IgA. The deficient secretions consumed C3-9,
      whereas the IgA deficient secretions did not. Reconstitution of the nasal
      secretions from the IgA-deficient volunteer with purified secretory IgA produced
      alternative pathway activation. Factor B of the alternative complement pathway
      was found to be present in 16 of 18 bronchoalveolar lavage samples (BALF) from
      normal volunteers. Simultaneous measurement of lavage and serum albumin and
      Factor B concentrations rendered it unlikely that Factor B was merely a
      transudative product from serum in half the samples but rather suggested that it
      may be a component of lower respiratory tract secretions. The presence of an
      intact alternative complement pathway in BALF was indicated by showing that cobra
      venom factor and endotoxin cleaved functionally pure human C3 when mixed with
      BALF, but had no effect on C3 in the absence of BALF.

PMID- 956660
TI  - An indirect radioimmunoassay for thymus leukemia (TL) antigens.
AB  - An indirect radioimmunassay for thymus leukemia (TL)2 antigens has been developed
      and its specificity documented. The assay makes use of anti-TL antibodies
      produced in congenic mice (A-Tla(b)) and radioiodinated purified rabbit anti
      mouse IgG. Using this assay, differences can be detected in the amounts of
      antigen expressed on thymocytes of the three known phenotypes (TL.1,2,3;TL.2;TL-)
      of inbred mouse strains. Significant differences are also detected in comparison
      of the thymocytes from homozygous TL.1,2,3 mice (A-Tla(a)) and heterozyhotes from
      Tla(a) and Tla(b) parents. Optimum conditions for the assay have been
      established. Its ability to detect antigens on glutaraldehyde-fixed cells and the
      binding of noncytolytic antibodies on both viable and fixed cells are documented.
      The assay has also been used to quantitate the changes in TL antigen expression
      on cells incubated in anti-TL antisera under conditions of antigenic modulation.

PMID- 956661
TI  - The complement profile in babesiosis.
AB  - Rats have been infected with Babesia rodhaini, a protozoan agent that induces
      immune complex disease. Assays for complement have revealed depletion of C2, C3,
      C4, C5, and whole complement in the course of infection. No evidence of depletion
      in the alternative (properdin) pathway was found. These findings are consistent
      with the conclusion that the classical complement pathway is activated during the
      course of the protozoan infection.

PMID- 956662
TI  - Humoral immunostimulation. VI. Increased calcium uptake by cells treated with
      antibody and complement.
AB  - When L cells were treated with anti-L cell antibody in medium depleted of
      complement, rapid increases in calcium uptake were obtained over a wide range of
      antiserum concentrations. Concomitant cell growth and viability studies
      demonstrated that stimulation of cell growth occurred at higher dilutions of
      antiserum whereas cytotoxicity occurred at lower dilutions. The stimulatory and
      toxic effects of antibody on cell growth were potentiated by complement as was
      the enhancement in calcium uptake. Sera deficient in C1R, C2,4D, C4, C3-C9 did
      not increase the calcium uptake response to antibody whereas augmentation did
      occur with C6-deficient serum. A specific role for complement was further
      indicated by the ability of purified complement components to restore the
      response to complement in complement-deficient sera. C3 with C3-C9 deficient
      serum, but not C2, C5, and C6 with C3-C9 deficient serum restored augmentation
      effects. Taken together with the results of previous studies it is apparent that
      complement augments both calcium and nucleoside uptake and that the effect is
      primarily via the classical complement pathway through C3. Substrate saturation
      studies demonstrated that antibody activated the facilitated diffusion of calcium
      altering the Vmax but not the Km of transport whereas addition of complement
      altered both the Vmax and Km. These findings suggest that one of the early
      effects of enhancing antibody upon tumor cell metabolism in vitro is to stimulate
      uptake of calcium. In view of the suspected role of Ca++ in cell proliferation
      the increase in cell-associated calcium may be important in the subsequent
      proliferative response.

PMID- 956663
TI  - The primary structure of porcine C3a anaphylatoxin.
AB  - Porcine C3a was generated in whole porcine serum by inulin activation of enzymes
      of the alternative complement pathway. The C3a anaphylatoxin was isolated
      according to the procedures previously described by Hugli. The complete amino
      acid sequence for porcine C3a was determined utilizing automatic sequencing
      techniques in addition to manual subtractive Edman degradation and
      carboxypeptidase A, B, or Y digestion of isolated peptides. Porcine C3a is
      composed of a polypeptide chain containing 77 amino acid residues and has a m.w.
      of approximately 9,000 daltons. This C3a molecule is devoid of threonine,
      tryptophan, and carbohydrates. The proposed primary structure for porcine C3a is
      as follows: (see article) Comparisons between the amino acid sequences of human
      and porcine C3a reveal that the six half-cystinyl and five aromatic residue
      positions are conserved. Conservation of these six half-cystinyl residue
      positions suggest that the disulfide arrangement remains identical in both
      anaphylatoxin molecules. Maintenance of three interconnected disulfide linkages
      helps to explain a near identity between the secondary structures of human and
      porcine C3a as indicated by circular dichroism measurements. Particular attention
      was focused on the COOH-terminal region of the anaphylatoxins since an arginyl
      residue at position 77 is functionally essential in both human and porcine C3a.
      Five residue positions at the carboxy termini were conserved in both C3a
      molecules, and the sequence Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg probably relates directly to
      anaphylatoxin activity. A total of 23 residue replacements occur between human
      and porcine C3a which accounts for a 30% difference in primary structure.
      Although the C3a molecules exhibit identical biologic activity, this rather large
      structural difference readily explains the absence of a detectable immunologic
      cross-reactivity.

PMID- 956664
TI  - Production and characterisation of antisera to diphenylhydantoin suitable for
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - The effect of carrier protein, nature of hapten-carrier bridge, and density of
      hapten substitution on the immunogenicity of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) derivatives
      in rabbits is described. DPH-3-valerate-bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a hapten:
      protein ratio of 27: 1 yields antisera of high titre and specificity for DPH. An
      antiserum to DPH-valerate-BSA was employed to develop a rapid, sensitive, one
      stage double antibody radioimmunoassay suitable for clinical application to
      serum, saliva, and urine samples. The assay, using 14C-DPH as tracer, is accurate
      and precise over the range 0.5--50 mug DPH per ml. Results by radioimmunoassay
      correlate closely with those obtained by gas-liquid chromatography (r = 0.97).

PMID- 956665
TI  - An evaluation of an assay for DNA synthesis in lymphocytes with [3H]thymidine and
      harvesting on to glass fibre filter discs.
AB  - Different grades of glass fibre filter paper have been compared for harvesting
      cells labelled with tritium using a semi-automatic harvester. Grade GF/C (Whatman
      Ltd) was selected for routine use although GF/B was found to be useful for whole
      blood cultures. The factors affecting the choice of thymidine concentration and
      activity are discussed and 1 mjCi or [3H]thymidine (5 Ci/mMol)/0.2 ml culture is
      shown to give a linear relationship with total DNA synthesis for up to 22 h.

PMID- 956666
TI  - Syphilis-CDC recommended treatment schedules, 1976.

PMID- 956668
TI  - Child abuse and neglect.

PMID- 956667
TI  - Screening for genetic disorders.

PMID- 956669
TI  - Health care services in local detention facilities (jails).

PMID- 956670
TI  - Experimental laboratory infection of mosquito larvae with fungi of the genus
      Coelomomyces. II. Experiments with Coelomomyces punctatus in Anopheles
      quadrimaculatus.

PMID- 956671
TI  - Experimentally induced elevation of aminopeptidase activity in hemolymph cells of
      the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica.

PMID- 956672
TI  - Growth of Coelomomyces psorophorae mycelium in vitro.

PMID- 956673
TI  - Arbovirus encephalitis-diagnostic considerations.

PMID- 956674
TI  - Involutional psychoses: fact or fiction?

PMID- 956675
TI  - The sideline bag.

PMID- 956676
TI  - Cytology and survival of Iowa women with cancer of the cervix.

PMID- 956677
TI  - Application of immunologic principles to peripheral airway "hypersensitivity"
      lung diseases.

PMID- 956678
TI  - Physician management of the learning disabled child.

PMID- 956679
TI  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a case report.

PMID- 956680
TI  - Medical grand rounds from Touro Infirmary: hypertension multiple causes.

PMID- 956681
TI  - Editorial: Viral surveillance in Louisiana-1975.

PMID- 956682
TI  - Marihuana-induced antibody response.
AB  - Utilizing an indirect Coombs' technique, humoral antibodies to marihuana and its
      major components were found in 34 subjects with known marihuana exposure. Similar
      antibodies were absent in the sera of a control population of 34 subjects with no
      known marihuana exposure. The specificity of the antibodies was confirmed by
      differential absorption studies in six seropositive subjects. Routine laboratory
      tests were abnormal in 22 of 34 seropositive subjects and in 9 of 34 control
      subjects. The relationship of seropositivity to abnormal laboratory tests is not
      certain.

PMID- 956683
TI  - Interference by 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL) in angiotensin I
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - The angiotensinase inhibitor 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL) interferes with peptide
      antibody binding when certain sensitive antisera are used in angiotensin I
      radioimmunoassay systems. Three of nine antisera tested showed sufficient
      interference to produce serious errors in data obtained using these antisera
      together with BAL. For PRA determinations in human plasma, at both pH 5.7 and pH
      7.3, relationships between different PRA'S are altered, and results of renin
      stimulation tests are changed in unpredictable ways. Determination of renin
      concentration in rat plasma does not require use of BAL as inhibitor, and it is
      best avoided. For human plasma renin determinations, use of BAL-sensitive
      antisera should be avoided, since there is no satisfactory way to correct data
      for the resulting error. BAL itself, rather than its oxidation products, is
      probably the interfering substance. The interference appears to be due to an
      interaction between BAL and the BAL-sensitive antiserum. It is not related to the
      known actions of BAL as chelating or reducing agent.

PMID- 956684
TI  - Studies on platelet plasma membranes. II. Characterization of surface proteins of
      rabbit platelets in vitro and during circulation in vivo using diazotized (125i)
      diiodosulfanilic acid as a label.
AB  - Diazotized (125I)-diiodosulfanilic acid (DD125ISA) binds specifically to the
      exposed proteins on the surface of the rabbit platelet plasma membrane. This was
      demonstrated by the following observations with the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole platelets and the isolated
      plasma membrane fraction: (1) the specific activity of isolated membrane protein
      was sevenfold that of whole platelet protein, (2) no proteins of intact platelets
      were labeled which were not represented in the isolated plasma membrane, (3)
      DD125ISA-labeled proteins were altered by trypsin treatment of intact, labeled
      platelets, and (4) the pattern of labeling produced by reaction of isolated
      membranes with DD125ISA differed from that produced by the labeling of intact
      platelets. Reaction of DD125ISA with intact platelets produced labeling of only
      the three membrane glycoproteins (molecular weights: 180,000, 125,000, and 92,000
      daltons) with greatest labeling of the largest glycoprotein and least labeling of
      the smallest glycoprotein. When rabbit platelets were labeled simultaneously with
      DD125ISA and 51Cr, the two isotopes were similarly distributed in various density
      populations of platelets. Some DD125ISA was solubilized from labeled and washed
      platelets by sonication, but all platelet DD125ISA was recovered in the plasma
      membrane fraction after 30 minutes' circulation in vivo. In vivo 51Cr recovery
      and survival were not altered by simultaneous labeling of platelets with
      DD125ISA. The disappearance of DD125ISA from circulating platelets (T 1/2 = 17
      hours) was more rapid than 51Cr (T 1/2 = 30 hours) and appeared exponential in
      contrast to the linear 51Cr disappearance. On the other hand, DD125ISA did not
      disappear from platelets faster than 51Cr when doubly labeled platelets were
      harvested after 3 hours' circulation and incubated in autologous plasma (T 1/2 of
      DD125ISA elution = 43 hours, 51Cr = 33 hours). SDS-PAGE analysis of DD125ISA
      labeled platelets after 14 to 20 hours' circulation in vivo demonstrated the same
      pattern of DD125ISA distribution on membrane glycoproteins as on the platelets
      prior to infusion. We interpret this symmetrical loss of the membrane label to
      indicate symmetrical loss of membrane proteins, suggesting that the platelet may
      lose pieces of membrane and not specific surface proteins during circulation.
      This could occur during reversible adhesion encounters during the process of
      hemostasis and cause the smaller size and decreased effectiveness of older
      platelets.

PMID- 956685
TI  - Sarcoidosis with salivary gland involvement: biochemical studies on parotid
      saliva.
AB  - Parotid saliva from a patient suffering from sarcoidosis with salivary gland
      involvement has been shown to have a decreased level of alpha-amylase but
      increased levels of albumin and lysozyme. These observations suggest that in
      addition to impaired gland function, gland damage as a result of inflammation had
      occurred which permitted increased passage of constituents from serum into the
      gland secretion.

PMID- 956686
TI  - Halofenate: a potent inhibitor of normal and hypersensitive platelets.
AB  - Platelet hypersensitivity has been documented in diabetes and angina pectoris and
      can be partially reversed in hyperbetalipoproteinemia by clofibrate. We therefore
      examined the effects of incubating another lipid-lowering agent, halofenate, with
      both normal platelets and platelets made hypersensitive in vitro by incorporation
      of 55 per cent excess cholesterol into their membranes. At therapeutic
      concentrations, halofenate caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of the
      aggregation of normal platelets by epinephrine. After 30 minutes' incubation at
      37 degrees C., halofenate significantly inhibited the extent of aggregation by 88
      per cent (p less than 0.01), whereas clofibrate inhibited aggregation by 44 per
      cent (p less than 0.01). Halofenate was a more potent inhibitor of platelets than
      clofibrate (p less than 0.01). The mean threshold concentration of epinephrine
      necessary for aggregation of normal platelets (4.2 muM) was not significatnly
      increased with clofibrate (10 muM) but was markedly elevated with halofenate (245
      muM; p less than 0.001). Significant but less dramatic increases in threshold
      concentration of ADP and collagen were found with halofenate but no clofibrate.
      Cholesterol-rich platelets were 114-fold more sensitive to epinephrine and
      twofold more sensitive to ADP than normal platelets but after incubation with
      halofenate became even less sensitive than normal. Clofibrate inhibited the
      extent of aggregation of hypersensitive platelets but did not alter the threshold
      concentration of epinephrine necessary for aggregation. Thus, halofenate is more
      potent than clofibrate in reducing the sensitivity of normal platelets to
      aggregating agents in vitro and can completely reverse experimentally produced
      platelet hypersensitivity. These data suggest that halofenate might be useful in
      reversing increased platelet sensitivity in cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 956687
TI  - Quantitation of maximal bactericidal capability in human neutrophils.
AB  - The quantitative capacity of normal human neutrophils to ingest and kill
      increasing multiples of bacteria up to a level of saturation was evaluated. The
      in vitro system, a modification of classic bactericidal assay, employed carefully
      controlled ratios of bacteria per neutrophil between 1.25 and 400:1 to stress
      neutrophil function. Morphologic examination and measurement of bacterial
      survival by quantitative plate culturing indicated that at a challenge of about
      100 Staphylococcus aureus per neutrophil bactericidal activity reached its peak
      with each average cell killing 48 bacteria. The efficiency of bactericidal
      function fell as the challenge was increased while ingestion capabilities kept
      pace with the numbers of bacteria presented to the neutrophils. Various key test
      parameters were evaluated from which evolved a system which provides a highly
      reproducible, statistically based, method for clinical assessment of subtle or
      partial neutrophil dysfunctions which may escape detection by the currently
      employed techniques of bactericidal assay.

PMID- 956688
TI  - The removal of leukocytes and platelets from whole blood.
AB  - Various methods for the removal of leukocytes from whole blood have been compared
      and a new technique has been devised. This procedure consists of passing whole
      blood through a bed composed of microcrystalline cellulose and alpha-cellulose.
      The method is rapid, reliable, removes over 99.75 per cent of the leukocytes from
      blood, and does not seem selectively to retain reticulocytes or to release a
      significant proportion of leukocyte enzymes. Most of the platelets are also
      removed from anticoagulated blood, and platelet-free red cells can be obtained by
      passing defibrinated blood over the microcrystalline cellulose-alpha-cellulose
      bed.

PMID- 956689
TI  - Lipid, glucose, and insulin interrelationships in normal, prediabetic, and
      chemical diabetic subjects.
AB  - Fasting levels of plasma cholersterol and triglyceride, lipoprotein patterns, and
      fasting and postintravenous glucose levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, serum
      growth hormone, and plasma free fatty acids in a genetic potential diabetic
      population were compared to those in a similar normal control population. THe
      potential diabetic population was further divided into groups of patients with a
      normal (prediabetic) or abnormal (chemical diabetic) glucose tolerance test.
      Although no clear-cut lipid differences were noted, certain trends appeared. More
      type IV hyperlipoproteinemia was seen in male prediabetic (21%) and male chemical
      diabetic patients (19%) than in normal male subjects (5%); in female subjects
      only a few type IV patterns were seen. Type II hyperlipoproteinemia was not seen
      in any normal subject, but was noted in nearly 9% of those with chemical
      diabetes. Fasting cholesterol levels correlated better with age than did fasting
      triglyceride levels in most of the patient groups. Fasting triglyceride levels
      showed a significant positive correlation with the serum insulin area of the oral
      glucose tolerance test in the normals wna prediabetic persons, and also showed a
      significant positive correlation with the blood glucose area of the prediabetic
      and chemical diabetic patients. It is suggested that a normal relationship
      between triglyceride concentration and insulin response to glucose is lost in
      chemical diabetes. Sex differences were also noted in the inslin response and the
      insulin-glucose relationships during the oral glucose tolerance test, with normal
      menstruation women showing a significantly lower insulin-glucose relationship
      than the age-related men.

PMID- 956690
TI  - The effect of age on plasma proinsulin-like material after oral glucose.
AB  - The total plasma insulin and proinsulin-like material after oral glucose was
      studied in 68 lean subjects of varying ages with normal glucose tolerance tests.
      Although each subject had a normal test, the mean glucose levels increased with
      increasing age. When younger subjects (ages 15 to 44) were compared with older
      (45 to 74), no significant differences in total insulin responses were seen, but
      plasma proinsulin-like material was significantly higher in the older age
      subjects. All values after stimulation were significantly greater in subjects 45
      to 74 years of age than in those 15 to 44  years of age (p less than 0.01). A
      significant correlation between the amount of proinsulin and the age of the
      subject was seen. These findings may reflect a decreased conversion of proinsulin
      to insulin in the aging pancreas or could reflect decreased clearance of
      proinsulin in older subjects.

PMID- 956691
TI  - Human vs. dog platelet adhesion to Cuprophane under controlled conditions of
      whole blood flow.
AB  - It is commonly assumed that a candidate biomaterial to which nonhuman (especially
      dog) platelets do not readily adhere is promising for human use. This assumption
      has been tested in a lucite chamber in which Cuprophane membrane (Bemberg PT
      150), comprising one of the chamber surfaces, is exposed to citrated or
      heparinized flowing dog or human blood for 10 or 20 minutes and flowing buffer
      for 1 minute. Following exposure, membrane specimens are carefully removed, fixed
      in glutaraldehyde, and mounted on a slide. Platelets at a particular axial
      location are counted by phase-contrast microscopy (625 X). At a shear rate of 986
      sec.-1 and at 10 minutes, platelets per square millimeter (mean +/- S.E.(N) in
      citrate were 28,400 +/- 5,000 (6), dog; 18 +/- 3.8 (4), human. Under the same
      conditions, platelets per squar millimeter in heparin were 32,600 +/- 8,400 (4),
      dog; 7.6 +/- 1.0 (3), human. A qualitatively similar species difference was found
      in citrate at one shear rate and at one other exposure time. Those observations
      suggest that evaluations of candidate human biomaterials carried out with dog
      (and perhaps other nonhuman) blood must be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 956692
TI  - Renal function in experimental cystic disease of the rat.
AB  - The administration of diphenylamine to rats induces an acquired form of cystic
      disease. In order to examine the early changes in this model of experimental
      cystic disease prior to the development of the more severe structural
      alterations, clearance, micropuncture, and morphologic studies were performed in
      rats fed DPA for 3 to 6 weeks. A significant defect in maximal urine
      concentrating ability (Umax) was manifest by the second week and averaged 50% of
      control values. Further studies were undertaken to examine the cause of the
      defect in Umax. Whole-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR), single-nephron
      GFR, end-proximal TF/Pinulin, glucose and bicarbonate reabsorption were all
      normal, indicating normal function of the proximal tubule. Free water clearance
      and free water reabsorption were not significantly different in DPA-treated rats
      as compared to controls, suggesting normal function of the ascending limb of the
      loop of Henle and collecting duct. Morphologic examination revealed gross cysts
      in less than 10% of the kidneys but structural changes were consistently
      demonstrated in the collecting ducts of DPA-treated rats. These studies indicate
      that the decrease in Umax in DPA-treated animals is the result of a defect
      located at the terminal portion of the collecting duct.

PMID- 956693
TI  - Platelets are not essential for the pulmonary vascular pressor response to
      hypoxia.
AB  - The literature suggests that platelets might help mediate the pulmonary vascular
      pressor response to hypoxia. This study evaluated the hypoxic response in
      thrombocytopenic dogs. Platet depletion was achieved in five dogs by the use of
      platelet antiserum. In the normoxic state these dogs had lower cardiac outputs
      and higher pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances than five control dogs.
      The pressor response to hypoxia in these dogs was not only preserved but
      considerably enhanced in comparison to the control dogs. Hypoxia increased the
      pulmonary vascular resistance 146 +/- 17% above its normoxic value in the
      thrombocytopenic dogs and 64 +/- 21% in the control dogs. Thus platelets may
      normally produce a dilator substance or inactivate a pressor substance during
      hypoxia. The mechanism of the effect is not apparent but it is clear tha the
      pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia in the dog is not mediated by platelets.

PMID- 956694
TI  - Selective diphenylhydantoin-induced suppression of lymphocyte reactivity in
      vitro.
AB  - Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in concentrations approximating therapeutic blood levels
      was found to inhibit mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) proliferation as measured by
      uptake of 3H-thymidine when compared to alkaline diluent required to solubilize
      the DPH. Control cultures containing diluent alone manifested inhibition of 3H
      thymidine uptake relative to non-diluent-containing cultures. Both reactor and
      stimulator cells were independently capable of effecting this inhibition after
      treatment with DPH. An inconsistent effect of DPH on lymphocyte reactivity to
      graded doses of phytohemagglutinin and to pokeweed mitogen was observed. A
      possible association between the effect of DPH on MLC reactivity and the
      phenomenon of dilantin-induced lymphadenopathy is suggested.

PMID- 956695
TI  - Hypercatabolism of the third component of complement in patients with primary
      biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - The possibliity that the disturbed immunity associated with primary biliary
      cirrhosis (PBC) includes abnormal metabolism of the complement system has been
      investigated by conducting simultaneous studies of the turnover of highly
      purified, hemolytically active, 125-i-labeled C3 (third component of complement)
      and 131i-albumin in seven control subjects and nine patients with PBC. Aliquots
      of each 125i-C3 preparation were injected, together with 131i-albumin, into one
      or two normal subjects and one to three patients with PBC and plasma and urine
      radioactivity data were analyzed. In all patients with PBC disappearance of 125i
      from plasma was much more rapid than in controls. In five of these patients no
      terminal monexponential decline of 125i occurred. The mean fractional catabolic
      rate (FCR) of C3 was higher in PBC (4.23 +/- 0.32 [S.E.M.] per cent IV pool per
      hour) than in controls (2.02 +/- 0.08% IV pool per hour, p less than 0.0005). In
      contrast, the mean FCR of albumin was similar in PBC (11.4 +/- 1.29 per cent IV
      pool per day) and controls (11.5 +/- 0.76 per cent IV pool per day), suggesting
      that the increased FCR of C3 in PBC was not due to a nonspecific process. There
      was no correlation between values for the FCR of C3 and indices of cholestasis.
      The mean synthetic rate of C3 was higher in PBC (2.94 +/- 0.48 MG. PER KILOGRAM
      PER HOUR) THAN IN CONTROls (1.03 +/- 0.11 mg. per kilogram per hour, p less than
      0.0025). In five patients relatively more C3 was extravascular than in controls.
      The results are consistent with PBC being associated with chronic activation of
      the complement system and increased tissue attachement of C3, phenomena which
      could be related to a process of pathogenic significance in this disease.

PMID- 956696
TI  - Hemostatic alterations accompanying sickle cell pain crises.
AB  - Three patients with sickle-cell disease (SSD) were followed, weekly, for 1 1/2 to
      2 years, during which time they experienced one or more episodes of crisis.
      Crisis was associated with reproducible sequential hemostatic alterations
      indicating intravascular fibrin formation and a marked disturbance in platelet
      economy. With crisis onset, or possibly before, there was an increase in plasma
      high-molecular-weight fibrinogen complexes and a transient fall in platelet
      count, with a subsequent rise in both fibrinogen concentration and platelet
      count; plasma fibrinogen peaked 1 week after crisis onset and platelet count
      approximately 2 weeks after onset. Subsidence of crisis was associated with a
      fall in high-molecular-weight fibrinogen complexes and a subsequent increase in
      fibrinogen first derivative, an early fibrinogen breakdown product. Hemostatic
      findings and patient clinical status were generally correlated, the findings
      during asymptomatic periods being essentially normal. Agents affecting platelet
      function (aspirin alone or in combination with dipyridamole) appeared to reduce
      the extent of laboratory abnormality, suggesting potential clinical usefulness in
      this disorder.

PMID- 956697
TI  - The in vitro effect of primaquine on red cell phospholipid metabolism.
AB  - Primaquine converts erythrocytes into osmotically fragile spherocytes. Since
      primaquine increased the rate of acylation of erythrocyte lysophosphatidylcholine
      (LPC), it has been suggested that a deficiency of LPC is responsible for its
      hemolytic action. We have examined the validity of this hypothesis. In the
      absence of added lysophosphatides, primaquine slightly decreased the
      incorporation of albumin-bound palmitic acid-14C into phosphatidylcholine (PC)
      whereas that into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was more depressed. When unbound
      dispersions of fatty acid were used, red cells exposed to primaquine manifested a
      slight increase in palmitic acid-14C incorporation into PC whereas that into PE
      remained decreased. In the presence of exogenous LPC, control cells increased
      their incorporation of bound palmitic acid-14C into PC while decreasing it into
      PE. In these same experiments, red cells incubated with primaquine demonstrated a
      much greater enhancement of LPC acylation than control cells.
      Lysophosphatidylethanolamine acylation, while depressed, was still slightly
      greater than that of cells incubated with drug alone. The concentration of LPC in
      control and primaquine-treated erythrocytes incubated with exogenous LPC was
      comparable and was approximately five times that of cells not incubated with LPC.
      The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes correlated poorly with their concentration
      of LPC. The effect of primaquine on the incorporation of bound palmitic acid into
      erythrocyte PC was influenced by exogenous LPC with the reaction markedly
      increased in its presence but slightly depressed in its absence. The proposal
      that the hemolytic action of primaquine is due to a decrease in red cell LPC is
      not supported by the data.

PMID- 956698
TI  - Plasma alpha-L-fucosidase: presence of a low activity variant in some normal
      individuals.
AB  - The expression of a variant alpha-L-fucosidase has been determined in both plasma
      and leukocytes. This variant enzyme is characterized by unusually tow actuvity in
      plasma, an altered pH activity profile, and increased heat lability. Individuals
      possessing this low activity variant in plasma have usual levels of alpha-L
      fucosidase activity in leukocytes. The leukocyte enzyme also shows increased heat
      lability and has an altered pH activity profile. Gel filtration of plasma alpha-L
      fucosidase revealed both a high molecular weight form, alpha-L-fucosidase I, and
      a low molecular weight form, alpha-L-fucosidase II. Only alpha-L-fucosidase II
      could be detected upon gel filtration of the variant enzyme from plasma. Both
      control and variant leukocyte alpha-L-fucosidase revealed two peaks by gel
      filtration but the proportion of alpha-L-fucosidase I was reduced in the variant
      enzyme sample. Alpha-L-fucosidase II from both control and variant plasma and
      leukocyte samples was heat labile and possessed little activity at pH 4.0 Alpha-L
      fucosidase I from control plasma and leukocytes was more stable to heating and
      possessed more activity at pH 4.0 than alpha-L-fucosidase II. In contrast, alpha
      L-fucosidase I from the variant leukocyte sample was heat labile and had little
      activity at pH 4.0 thus resembling alpha-L-fucosidase II. These results suggest
      that the variant is the consequence of an altered allele which affects alpha-L
      fucosidase expression in all tissues.

PMID- 956699
TI  - Approaches to the standardization of serum unsaturated iron-binding capacity.
AB  - An important aspect in the development and use of serum unsaturated iron-binding
      capacity (UIBC) procedures is the standardization of reference serum.
      Spectrophotometric titration of serum transferrin is the oldest of the UIBC
      methods; however, the literature on this subject indicates that the technique is
      not being fully exploited and describes a variety of suboptimal conditions. A
      spectrophotometric titration protocol is described which gives excellent
      reproducibility with fresh, frozen, lyophilized, and stored serum samples. An
      indirect UIBC method utilizing differential chelation and ultrafiltration is also
      described. In this method Fe3+ -NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid), in excess of the
      anticipated UIBC, is added to a serum sample supplemented with NaHC03. The
      addition of EDTA (ethelenediaminetetraacetic acid) allows the mobilization of
      iron from nonspecific macromolecular sites. The ultrafiltrate is analyzed for
      iron, and the UIBC is calculated. The results were validated via an
      ultrafiltration titration which was compared with a spectrophotometric titration.
      The precision of this method is excellent.

PMID- 956700
TI  - A computer-based method for the quantification of leukocyte chemotaxis.
AB  - A computerized method for the counting of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) on
      chemotactic membranes is described. Through the use of an optical scanner
      computer accurate objective quantification is obtained which is similar to the
      results generated by visual tabulation of the same membranes. Futhermore, the
      electronic quantification method is both less time consuming and highly
      reproducible.

PMID- 956701
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human Hageman factor (factor XII).
AB  - A secific, sensitive, and reproducible radioimmunoassay for human Hageman factor
      (HF, factory XII) has been developed with purified human HF and monospecific
      rabbit antibody. Precise measurements of HF antigen were possible for
      concentrations as low as 0.1% of that in normal pooled plasma. A good correlation
      (correlation co-efficient = 0.82) existed between the titers of HF measured by
      clot-promoting assays and radioimmunoassays among 42 normal adults. Confirming
      earlier studies, HF antigen was absent in Hageman trait plasma, but other
      congenital deficient plasmas, including those of individuals with Fletcher trait
      and Fitzgerald trait, contained normal amounts of HF antigen. HF antigen was
      reduced in the plasmas of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation or
      advanced liver cirrhosis, but it was normal in those of patients with chronic
      renal failure or patients under treatment with warfarin. HF antigen was detected
      by this assay in plasmas of primates, but not detectable in plasmas of 11
      nonprimate mammalian and one avian species.

PMID- 956702
TI  - Estimation of galactose-1-phosphate in blood spotted on filter paper.
AB  - A method is described for the enzymic estimation of galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1
      P) in blood which has been applied to filter paper and allowed to dry. The
      successful clinical management of patients with galactosemia depends upon
      exclusion of galactose from their diet. Earlier studies demonstrated that red
      cell Gal-1-P is a sensitive indicator of exposure of such patients to galactose.
      These earlier methods, however, required venipuncture, preparation of washed,
      packed red cells, and shipment of the sample in dry ice to a central laboratory.
      With the present method, capillary blood can be drawn by a nonphysician, applied
      to filter paper and mailed in a conventional envelope at ambient temperature.
      From this sample, the Gal-1-P content of the red cells can be determined, if the
      hematocrit is known. These conveniences should allow estimates of Gal-1-P at a
      frequency more appropirate for optimal dietary control.

PMID- 956703
TI  - A simple, rapid, efficient method for the preparation of gamma 32P-labeled
      guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
AB  - A simplified new method for synthesis fo gamma 32P GTP and gamma 32P ATP is
      described. Radiophosphorus is incorporated into GDP and ADP to form GTP and ATP,
      respectively, in the phosphoglycerate kinase reaction. The product is separated
      by ion exchange resin chromatography. The procedure is simple, gives a product a
      high purity, and the label is confined to the gamma position.

PMID- 956704
TI  - Postoperative cholesteatoma in combined approach tympanoplasty. Fifteen year
      report on tympanoplasty. Part I.

PMID- 956705
TI  - A multiple-electrode array for a cochlear implant.
AB  - A satisfactory multiple-electrode array for a cochlear implant has been
      developed. This can be passed around the turns of the cochlea if it is first
      introduced into the scala tympani through an opening in the apical turn.

PMID- 956706
TI  - X-ray video-tape studies of laryngectomized patients.
AB  - The voices of forty-one laryngectomized patients were studied by X-ray video
      tape. Three-quarters had good and one-quarter poor voices. A high-seated and
      short pseudoglottis affords the best results. The causes of the poor voices are
      discussed.

PMID- 956707
TI  - Hereditary progressive sensorineural deafness.
AB  - Progressive sensorineural hearing losses found in seven members of three families
      are presented. Genetic transmission patterns in the study appeared to be
      autosomal dominant in two families and recessive in one family. The common
      audiological features of these cases include bilaterally symmetrical audiometric
      configuration and fairly good speech discrimination. The hearing losses of most
      of the cases appeared to begin at high frequencies progressing later to involve
      lower frequencies. The main histopathological changes in the temporal bones of
      one of the cases were degeneration of the organ of Corti and of the spiral
      ganglion in the lower cochlear coils and cystic degeneration of the stria
      vascularis in the upper coils.

PMID- 956708
TI  - Pleomorphic  rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx. A case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A case of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx occurring in a 33-year-old
      male is reported. The clinical and histopathological aspects of this undoubtedly
      rare neoplasm are described. After a quick review of the most important
      classifications of rhabdomyosarcoma so far made, the authors suggest a division
      into two basic groups, i.e. pleomorphic and fetal rhabdomyosarcoma, while the
      botryoid sarcoma and the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma should be considered only as
      two subgroups of fetal rhabdomyosarcoma. From a comprehensive review of world
      literature on the subject, the well-documented cases up to now described are only
      seven, including the authors. The present case is the third one after the
      instances of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma reported by Filipo and Crifo (1964 and
      by Rodriquez and Ziskind (1970).

PMID- 956709
TI  - Gelfilm and blowout fractures.
AB  - A variety of alloplastic and natural substances have been utilized for support of
      the orbital floor following a blowout fracture. The employment of Gelfilm is
      herein recommended for the smaller floor defects. Sterile Gelfilm is manufactured
      from denaturated collagen, is 0.075 mm. thick, and is known to be tolerated well
      by ocular tissues. Complete absorbsion of Gelfilm occurs in two to three months,
      obviating the need for removal of a prosthetic material or the lifetime presence
      of an alloplast in the orbit. In contrast to autografts no additional surgery is
      required for its preocurement.

PMID- 956710
TI  - Secondary neuroblastoma of the sphenoidal sinus.

PMID- 956711
TI  - Traumatic ossicular discontinuity with stapes fixation.

PMID- 956712
TI  - The natural history of chronic otitis media.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of 200 chronic otitis media patients. Simple
      chronic otitis media was observed in 76 per cent of cases; the rest were
      associated with cholesteatoma. In about one third of the patients, the
      contralateral ear showed some inflammatory middle ear disease as well. The
      average time lapse between initial symptoms and hospitalization was about 10
      years. The events leading to the tympanic perforation were difficult to
      ascertain, but included probably acute otitis media, possibly external otitis,
      trauma, and a rather large group (35-40 per cent) of insidious 'essential
      perforations'. The aetiology of the 'essential perforations' is so far not known,
      but might be non-inflammatory in nature but related to insufficient middle ear
      aeration and hypo-pneumatization as well as to what is termed atelectatic ears.
      The bacteria isolated from chronic otitis media ears (usually gram negative
      bacteria and staphylococcus aureus) are usually not the types of micro-organisms
      found in association with any primary or acute otitis media. It is proposed that
      the bacterial infection encountered in what is termed 'chronic otitis media' is
      often a secondary infection of a primary perforated tympanic membrane, the
      perforation originating or persisting in underventilated ears, and having arisen
      from various causes--some of them as yet unknown.

PMID- 956713
TI  - Dacryocystantrostomy. A preliminary report.
AB  - A new operative technique is described in which the lacrimal sac is drained into
      the maxillary sinus. The advantages of the procedure, especially of avoiding a
      facial incision, are emphasized. Five patients suffering from long-standing
      epiphora underwent surgery. Two patients had chronic dacryocystitis. Two other
      patients presented with a mucocele of the lacrimal sac. In the fifth patient,
      there was obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct. Short term follow-up results
      suggest its usefulness as a first line of surgical treatment in cases of epiphora
      due to obstruction in the lacrimal sac or the naso-lacrimal duct.

PMID- 956714
TI  - Improvement of recalcitrant psoriasis vulgaris after tonsillectomy.
AB  - To study the effect of tonsillectomy as a possible part of the treatment of
      infection-released, relapsing and recalcitrant (to topical therapy and courses of
      penicillin) psoriasis vulgaris in children and adolescents and to test a possible
      correlation between tonsillitis and exacerbations of psoriasis vulgaris, a
      retrospective study (charts and questionnaires) of the course of psoriasis after
      tonsillectomy was undertaken in 74 patients with such psoriasis. Each patient
      served as his own control. At tonsillectomy the average age of patients and the
      duration of psoriasis were 14-2 years and 4-5 years, respectively, while the
      average follow-up period was 4-5 years. The clearing of psoriasis vulgaris was
      stastically significant, p less than 0-01, as 1/3 of the patients obtained
      clearing of psoriasis throughout the entire follow-up period, while an additional
      1/3 noticed considerable improvement of their psoriasis. After having tried both
      topical therapy of various sorts and courses of penicillin, tonsillectomy might
      be taken into consideration in relapsing, recalcitrant psoriasis vulgaris in
      children and adolescents.

PMID- 956715
TI  - Clinical results of cryosurgery in recurrent acute tonsillitis.

PMID- 956716
TI  - Positive 'fistula sign' with intact ear-drum in a patient with eosinophil
      granuloma of the mastoid.
AB  - A case is presented of a positive 'fistula sign' in a patient with an intact ear
      drum and no history of previous ear-disease. The cause proved to be an eosinophil
      granuloma of the temporal bone which responded well to radiotherapy.

PMID- 956717
TI  - Sensorineural deafness due to compression chamber noise.
AB  - A case of unilateral sensorineural deafness following exposure to compression
      chamber noise is described. A review of the current literature concerning the
      otological hazards of compression chambers is made. The possible pathological
      basis is discussed.

PMID- 956718
TI  - Cervicoauricular fistula.
AB  - (I) A rare case of cervicoauricular fistula with a review of available literature
      has been presented. (2) The cephalic end of a fistulous tract showing elevations
      and depressions probably represents the duplication of tubercles taking part in
      the formation of external ear.

PMID- 956719
TI  - Silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of burns.

PMID- 956720
TI  - Measurement of thyroid uptake of 99mTechnetium by conventional means compared to
      scinticamera.

PMID- 956721
TI  - Carcinoma of large intestine in persons under twenty-six years of age.

PMID- 956722
TI  - A case of IgD myeloma with clinical manifestation resembling malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 956723
TI  - Spontaneous external carotid-cavernous sinus fistula : case report.

PMID- 956724
TI  - Regulation by the H-2 gene complex of macrophage-lymphoid cell interactions in
      secondary antibody responses in vitro.
AB  - The ability of antigen-bearing syngeneic and allogeneic peptone-induced
      peritoneal exudate macrophages to support development of primary and secondary
      antibody responses by murine lymphoid or spleen cells in vitro has been
      investigated. The antigen used was the terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L
      alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT). Syngeneic and allogeneic macrophages supported
      development of comparable primary antibody responses to GAT, indicating that
      genetic restrictions do not limit efficient macrophage-lymphocyte interactions in
      primary responses. By contrast, immunized spleen or lymphoid cells developed
      secondary antibody responses preferentially when stimulated in vitro with GAT on
      macrophages syngeneic to the macrophages used to present GAT during in vivo
      immunization. Thus, genetic restrictions regulate efficient macrophage-lymphocyte
      interactions in secondary antibody responses. These restrictions have been
      demonstrated from 2 to 8 wk after a single immunization with limiting quantities
      of GAT and are controlled by the H-2 gene complex. The implications that immune
      lymphocytes selectively recognize and respond to antigen presented in the context
      of the macrophage membrane-antigen complex which sensitized the lymphocytes
      initially are considered.

PMID- 956725
TI  - Association of serum hemolytic complement levels with the major
      histocompatibility complex in chickens.
AB  - The total hemolytic complement (C) levels in inbred line 7 chicks and adults were
      lower than C levels in inbred lines 2 and 3 and in outbred chickens of the same
      age. In all birds, adult levels of C were obtained in 5- to 6-wk-old chickens.
      Analysis of F1 and F3 generations clearly showed that the C level in chickens was
      determined by a dominant gene(s) associated with the major histocompatibility
      complex. Finding this association in a nonmammal strengthens the importance of
      the relationship between closely linked genes controlling histocompatibility,
      immune responsiveness, mixed leukocyte reaction, and C activity.

PMID- 956726
TI  - The synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins by lymphoid cells in the sheep.
      The primary response to salmonella lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - The primary response of the popliteal node to Salmonella lipopolysaccharide was
      studied in the sheep. All three classes of immunoglobulin IgG1, igG2, and IgM
      were produced by both free-floating cells in the lymph and by cells within the
      pymph node throughout the immune responce which extended over a period of at
      least 20 days.. Most of the immunoglobulins were found to be nonspecific for the
      antigen when tested by a binding assay. It was calculated from the binding assay
      that far more antigen-specific IgG molecules were produced than IgM molecules.
      The proportion of IgM and IgG1 which showed affinity for Salmonella organisms
      increased throughout the response. IgG2 had no affinity for the antigen until
      around 480 h after challenge. When a hemagglutination assay was used to measure
      antibody production, most of the specific antibody produced during the response
      was found to be IgM. Blast cells produced most of the immunoglobulin during the
      first 4 days of the response, and these cells were responsible for almost all of
      the IgM production. Differences were observed in the relative amounts of IgG and
      IgM produced by the cells within the node and by free-floating cells in the
      efferent lymph. The free-floating cells in lymph synthesized and secreted
      relatively more IgM and relatively less IgG than did cells within the lymph node.
      Both populations of cells, however, secreted much more IgG than IgM.

PMID- 956727
TI  - Lymphocyte homing into lymph nodes: in vitro demonstration of the selective
      affinity of recirculating lymphocytes for high-endothelial venules.
AB  - An in vitro model is described for studying the interaction between lymphocytes
      and high-endothelial venules (HEV) of lymph nodes. Rat or mouse lymphocytes which
      were layered over fixed sections of syngeneic lymph nodes adhered selectively to
      the endothelium of HEV but did not bind to other vascular endothelia. Evidence is
      presented that adherence to HEV in vitro is a property of recirculating
      lymphocytes and not a characteristic of cells which are unable to home into lymph
      nodes in vivo.

PMID- 956728
TI  - Total plasma porphyrins in renal disease.
AB  - Thirty patients suffering from chronic kidney disease were examined for urinary,
      fecal and total plasma porphyrins. Twenty patients had nitrogen retention whereas
      the remaining ten patients displayed normal values. Urinary coproporphyrin
      excretion and total plasma porphyrin levels were comparatively less pronounced in
      patients with nitrogen retention. Such changes in porphyrin metabolism could be
      explained by a diminished capacity for kidney excretion. It is concluded that the
      total amount of porphyrins synthesized in the body is decreased as a result of
      nitrogen retention.

PMID- 956729
TI  - Evaluation of the Abbott Bichromatic Analyzer 100 (A proposal for an evaluation
      scheme).
AB  - This report summarizes a one year evaluation of Abbott's ABA 100, with respect to
      mechanical parts (syringe plates, precision and linearity of photometry, band
      width of several filters, multicuvet precision, temperature control) and the
      reliability of several methods (endpoint procedures: determination of the glucose
      concentration with hexokinase- and the glucose dehydrogenase method, and of the
      protein concentration; enzyme activities: alanine and aspartate aminotransferase,
      creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase). The critical batch size was estimated as
      an indicator of economy (about 40 samples per day for the glucose concentration).
      Various aspects of the instrument are discussed with respect to its use in
      clinical chemistry.

PMID- 956730
TI  - [Further characterisation of trypsin inhibitors in the polychaet Sabellastarte
      indica (Savigny), II (author's transl)].
AB  - In this paper we discribe a method for the isolation of trypsin inhibitors from
      the tentacles of the annelid Sabellastarte indica Savigny. These inhibitors - now
      homogeneous in their molecular weight - can be characterised by sodium
      dodecylsulfate-acrylamide gel-electrophoresis, in their inhibitory activity
      towards trypsin, plasmin and chymotrypsin. The inhibitors from Sabellastarte
      indica possess a stoichiometric binding relation of 2:1 for trypsin, lysine being
      the amino-acid in the reactive centre of the inhibitor responsible for
      interaction with trypsin. The reactive centre for trypsin is not identical with
      the reactive centre which binds chymotrypsin and does not influence the binding
      of chymotrypsin. These newly described inhibitors are therefore multiheaded, a
      type not previously described for invertebrates.

PMID- 956731
TI  - [Calculation of radioimmunochemical determinations by "spline approximation"
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A simplified method, based on the "spline approximation", is reported for the
      calculation of the standard curves of radioimmunochemical determinations. It is
      possible to manipulate the mathematical function with a pocket calculator, thus
      making it available for a large number of users. It was shown that, in contrast
      to the usual procedures, it is possible to achieve optimal quality control in the
      preparation of the standard curves and in the interpolation of unknown plasma
      samples. The recaluculation of interpolated values from their own standard curve
      revealed an error of 4.9% which would normally be an error of interpolation. The
      new method was compared with two established methods for 8 different
      radioimmunochemical determinations. The measured values of the standard curve
      showed a weighting, and there was a resulting quality control of these values,
      which, according to their statistical evalution, were more accurate than those of
      the others models (Ekins et al., Yalow et al., (1968), in: Radioisotopes in
      Medicine: in vitro studies (Hayes, R. L., Goswitz, F.A. & Murphy, B. E. P., eds)
      USA EC, Oak Ridge) and Rodbard et al. (1971), in: Competitive protein Binding
      Assys(Odell, W. D. & Danghedy, W. H., eds.) Lipincott, Philadelphia and Toronto).
      In contrast with these other models, the described method makes no mathematical
      or kinetic preconditions with respect to the dose-response relationship. To
      achieve optimal reaction conditions, experimentally determined reaction data are
      preferable to model theories.

PMID- 956732
TI  - [Kinetic determination of urea with the LKB system (author's transl)].
AB  - The kinetic determination of urea based on the urea/glutamate dehydrogenase
      method was adapted for the LKB Reaction Rate Analyzer System 8600. A ratio of
      sample to reagent volume of 1:50 ensures linearity up to 33.3 mmol/l with a day
      to day precision of 5%. Parallel studies with the urease/glutamate dehydrogenase
      method were performed with the CentrifiChem System and with the manual
      Berthelot/Salicylate method.

PMID- 956733
TI  - Cooperative study on the radioimmunological thyrotropin determination (hTSH) in
      serum (author's transl).
AB  - This paper deals with a cooperative survey on the radioimmunoassay of thyrotropin
      in human serum, which was organized by the Thyroid Group of the German Society
      for Endocrinology. Eighteen serum specimens were to be measured in triplicates.
      Among the latter were 10 specimens of a hTSH standard curve, prepared in low hTSH
      serum, which contained approximately 1 mU/l. One of these pool sera was divided
      in half, and one half was enriched with 10 kU/l human chorionic gonadotropin to
      test for cross reactivity. One specimen las for the measurement of the non
      specific binding. The count rates and the dose levels of the standard curve of
      each participating laboratory (N = 32), normally performed in albumin-buffer, and
      the count rates of the 18 unknowns were requested as results. THE CALCULATION OF
      THE STANDARD CURVES AND THE RECOVERy curves, the evaluation of the unknowns and
      the statistics were performed by spline functions, using a 48 kb FORTRAN-program
      on a Siemens 404/3 computer. The results demonstrated that the interlaboratory
      precision of 128% and the recovery rates between 50 and 926% are very
      unsatisfactory. However, the coefficient of variation was lowered to 31%, when
      the controls were read from the recovery curves, as included in the samples. In
      addition to this improvement of the interlaboratory precision and of the
      accuracy, this study showed, that the sensitivity was markedly improved by using
      delayed addition of tracer.

PMID- 956734
TI  - Automated amino acid analysis with sensitive fluorescence detection.
AB  - The fluorigenic o-phthalaldehyde-mercaptoethanol reagent gives good
      reproducibility with a very stable baseline when applied to the automated
      analysis of amino acids at the nanomole level. Determination of even smaller
      quantities is possible; basic amino acids are then preferably eluted separately
      at constant pH (for example pH 6.0); this eliminates the baseline irregularities
      that occur with single column systems at high sensitivity settings. The reagent
      gives excellent results in the assay of small quantities of biological fluids
      such as blood plasma.

PMID- 956735
TI  - [Action of the "Ca-ionophore" X-537A on the electrolyte content and metabolism of
      Yoshida ascites tumour cells: a model for the analysis of Mg deficiency (author's
      transl)].
AB  - X-537A, an ionophore for divalent cations, causes a rapid replacement of
      extracellular Na+ by intracellular K+ in Yoshida ascites tumour cells. The loss
      of K+ is prevented by high extracellular concentrations of K+. In incubation
      solutions containing Ca2+, the Ca2+ content of the tumour cells increases in the
      presence of X-537A, but the Mg2+ content is not affected. The intracellular level
      of cyclic AMP is also increased. In all the incubation media used, the presence
      of X-537A resulted in a decrease in biosynthesis in the order RNA greater than
      DNA greater than protein, at constant ATP concentration. The observed changes in
      the content of electrolytes and cyclic AMP, and on the metabolism of DNA, RNA and
      protein in Yoshida ascites tumour cells in response to X-537A, correspond to
      those observed during Mg deficiency in these cells. These changes are caused by
      changes in the intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and/or K+.

PMID- 956736
TI  - [Determination of glucose with glucoseoxidase-UV, using hexokinase as the
      reference method (author's transl)].
AB  - Results obtained with the commercial test-set "GOD-UV" (Dr. Haury, Munchen) are
      reported. This method permits the determination of serum-glucose within 3
      minutes. The procedure is satisfactory in normal and hyperglycaemic patients. In
      the hypoglycaemic state, however, there is a danger of misinterpretation. The
      glucose oxidase-UV is compared with the hexokinase reaction.

PMID- 956737
TI  - [Gaschromatographic method for routine determination of pregnanediol and
      pregnanetriol in urine (author's transl)].
AB  - A rapid, highly sensitive and simple method for the routine measurement of
      urinary pregnanediol and pregnanetriol involving enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction
      with toluene and gas liquid chromatography is described.

PMID- 956738
TI  - Death from intravenously administered narcotics: a study of 114 cases;.
AB  - A careful study of more than 100 fatal cases due to intravenously administered
      narcotics provides further evidence of the complexity involved in the
      certification of death. The wide range of blood morphine concentrations found in
      these cases indicates that tissue concentrations alone will not always provide
      the necessary information. High concentrations of morphine, the major metabolite
      of heroin, in blood and other tissues may be consistent with overdose. But in
      those cases involving very low concentrations at the time of death, other
      criteria must be considered.

PMID- 956739
TI  - Accidental asphyxial deaths involving infants and young children.
AB  - Forty-five cases of accidental asphyxial deaths in infants and young children
      below 2 years of age are described. The mechanism involved, the available
      historical information, and the possible preventive measures are discussed.
      Dangers such as bed- and tub-sharing, diaper and cleaning pails, plastic
      wrappers, balloons, small beds, toys on strings, broken or poorly designed cribs,
      and poorly positioned adult beds must be brought to the attention of the parent
      as consumer. The public heatlh considerations and the educational aspects
      relating to the community at large are cornerstones in the effort to reduce these
      tragic and untimely deaths.

PMID- 956740
TI  - Studies by crossed electroimmunodiffusion on the individuality and sexual orgin
      of bloodstains.
AB  - Crossed electroimmunodiffusion (CEID) was evaluated as a means for
      individualizing human blood stains by studying variations within and among
      individuals in 22 serum antigens in ten subjects over a four-month period. The
      extent of variation within an individual was determined by making CEID runs on
      blood stains obtained on ten different occasions and measuring the precipitin
      peak heights produced by each of the 22 antigens. When the range in height of any
      particular peak was completely different in subject-subject comparisons, the peak
      was judged to be of value in individualization. By this criterion, each of the
      ten subjects could be distinguished from all others (65 subject-subject
      distinctions), but in most cases the distinction had to be based on difference in
      5 or less of the 22 antigens. The antigens of value in distinguishing among males
      were largely different from those of value in distinguishing among females.
      Overall, the antigens of greatest value in individualization were 8, 9, 10, and
      11. Only one of these (10, ceruloplasmin) could be identified as a particular
      serum proteins.

PMID- 956741
TI  - Probabilities and human pubic hair comparisons.
AB  - By use of a card coding system for some macroscopic and microscopic
      characteristics of human pubic hairs, 101 368 comparisons were made between 454
      hairs from 60 different individuals. Of these, 16 pairs were found to be similar.
      For a Caucasian population, it is estimated that if one human pubic hair is found
      to be similar to at least one of a group of six to eleven mutually dissimilar
      hairs from a given source, the probability that it could have originated from
      another source is small, about 1 in 800.

PMID- 956742
TI  - Antemortem conversion of codeine to morphine in man.
AB  - Forty-five drug overdose cases involving codeine were investigated.
      Concentrations of codeine and morphine were determined in blood, bile, liver,
      kidney, and urine. Ratios of codeine to morphine values for each of these
      specimens were compared and evidence was developed that codeine was metabolized
      partially into morphine in the antemortem stage. Morphine concentration was less
      than that of codeine in blood, liver, kidney, and urine. However, bile analyses
      showed that the amount of morphine exceeded that of codeine, suggesting a more
      active demethylation activity in the hepatic system than in the blood and other
      tissues studied. Controlled-in-vitro studies showed that no codeine demethylation
      occurred in postmortem tissues during cold storage for a period as long as 30
      days.

PMID- 956743
TI  - Identification of drugs and other toxic compounds from their ultraviolet spectra.
      Part III: Ultraviolet absorption properties of 22 structural groups.
AB  - The ultraviolet absorption spectra of 22 different chemical (structural) groups
      of drugs and toxic compounds were studied. This paper completes a three-part
      series in which more than 500 individual compounds have been grouped according to
      structure as it pertains to characteristics of the ultraviolet absorption scan.
      Each group has a typical absorption profile with respect to the number of bands
      between 200 and 340 nm, the intensity of the band(s), and the changes in
      absorption pattern with solvent and pH changes. Phenothiazines, xanthines,
      coumarins, quinolines, naphthalene derivatives. O-alkyl benzene derivatives,
      opiates, ergot alkaloids, benzodiazepines, and various heterocyclic compounds are
      among the groups of compounds covered in this paper.

PMID- 956744
TI  - Identification of drugs and their derivatives.
AB  - This paper represents a brief review of traditional procedures for the analysis
      of confiscated drugs and the application of these procedures to the products
      formed after reductive fragmentation and halogen-acetylated derivatization of the
      drugs. Confiscated pills, already tentatively identified by some previous
      procedure, were analyzed by the use of infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet
      spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. The same drugs were confirmed by analyzing
      the alcohols obtained after reductive fragmentation with LiA1H4 as well as the
      acetylated derivative fractions. Infrared spectra were determined from salt plate
      films after the evaporation of acidic or basic chloroform extracts of the pill;
      similarly, ultraviolet spectra were obtained by processing each drug in acidic
      and basic aqueous solutions. Gas chromatographic analyses involved the
      determination of characteristic retention times as a function of temperature and
      the preparation of, and determination of retention times for, derivatives of the
      drugs. No procedures were specifically included to remove filler material, save
      its sparing solubility in the extracting solvents; likewise, no special attempts
      were made to perfect special microtechniques which would allow all analyses to be
      performed on a single pill. Desired, rather, were the ease, simplicity, and
      relative speed realized from analysis of approximately five confiscated pills.

PMID- 956745
TI  - Contaminants in illicit amphetamine preparations.
AB  - Samples from illicit preparations of amphetamine and methamphetamine were
      investigated by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to detect
      and identify contaminants, excipients, and by-products from manufacture. In
      addition, these samples were subjected to energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and it
      was determined that the preparations of these compounds were made in the present
      of zinc, probably as a reductant. In addition to identifying polycondensation
      products from these preparations, the illicit origin of amphetamine-type drugs
      can generally be determined by the detection of contaminants and by-products
      present in submitted samples. Thus, a multidisciplinary analytical approach
      yields data of potential value for comparative examinations and possibly for
      legal purposes.

PMID- 956746
TI  - Comparative postmortem chemistries of vitreous humor before and after embalming.
AB  - Examination for common biochemical substances in the vitreous humor of embalmed
      bodies indicates that individuals with significant nitrogen retention or
      diabetics with marked elevation in vitreous glucose will be recognized by
      standard laboratory procedures on postembalming specimens. The work of Scott et
      al [3] on vitreous alcohol in the embalmed body has been substantiated with good
      general agreement found between specimens obtained before and after the embalming
      process.

PMID- 956747
TI  - Latent fingerprints on cartridges and expended cartridge casings.
AB  - The effects of time and detonation on latent fingerprints from cartridges and
      cartridge castings were explored. Time alone did not appear to seriously degrade
      latent fingerprint quality over the three-week period of experimental trials. The
      greatest effect of detonation seemed to stem from hot gaseous blowback on the
      external surface of the cartridge casings. Nickel-plated casings, because of
      their greater chemical resistance and more polished surface, were found less
      satisfactory as a substrate for latent impressions than brass casings. An
      interesting technique for development and permanent preservation of latent
      fingerprint impressions on castridge casings was also described.

PMID- 956749
TI  - Wound ballistics: an analysis of a bullet in gel.

PMID- 956748
TI  - Detection of gunshot residue by use of the scanning electron microscope.
AB  - Particle analysis techniques provide much more information useful for
      identification of gunshot residue than the conventional analytical techniques
      that measure only the concentration of elements averaged over the entire
      specimen. By combining the morphological information by microscopy with elemental
      analysis by X-ray fluorescence, the SEM provides definitive identification of
      residue particles. Therefore, the particle analysis technique should be more
      revealing in situations where conventional methods fail as the quantity of
      residue approaches the background level.

PMID- 956750
TI  - A new trace ferrous metal detection reagent.

PMID- 956751
TI  - The application of a standard color coding system to paint in forensic science.
AB  - The procedure described for the measurement of paint colors represents an attempt
      to standardize the measurement of color in the forensic science service and
      provides a means of communicating colors between individuals. The effect of
      sample size on color comparisons has been discussed. It has been shown that color
      data collected from many control samples of paint flakes can provide the
      frequency of occurrence of paint colors. The errors involved in color comparisons
      have been assessed and the system has been shown to be a practicable one.

PMID- 956752
TI  - Evaluation of automobile paint flakes as evidence.

PMID- 956753
TI  - Unusual three-dimensional bite mark evidence in a homicide case.
AB  - A comparison has been made between bite marks observed on the nose of a female
      homicide victim and the configuration of the dental structures of a male suspect.
      The victim's bite marks showed a number of demonstrable characteristics which
      could be reproduced by models of the dentition of the suspect. Special
      peculiarities within and between individual teeth, together with the upper and
      lower jaw relationship, were demonstrably consistent with the bite mark patterns
      on the victim's nose. Detailed examination of the scientific evidence led the
      dental investigators to the conclusion that there was a positive match between
      the suspect's dentition and the bite mark on the decedent's nose. The dental
      investigation and subsequent dental testimony were prime factors leading to the
      defendant's conviction of manslaughter in the first case in California involving
      the major use of bite mark evidence.

PMID- 956754
TI  - A death from an air gun.

PMID- 956755
TI  - A suicidal gunshot wound of the back.
AB  - An 18-year-old woman committed suicide by shooting herself in the right temple,
      presternal region, and lower thoracic back. The anatomic and other investigative
      data on this case are reported and discussed in the perspective of our experience
      with suicides by firearms.

PMID- 956756
TI  - Heat stroke and fluphenazine therapy: report of a case.
AB  - A fatal case of heat stroke in a 21-year-old man with chronic schizophrenia is
      reported. Phenothiazine therapy is thought to have been a factor of major
      importance in the induction of this syndrome. These cases may become the
      responsibility of the medical examiner, and the importance of obtaining a
      complete drug history is stressed.

PMID- 956758
TI  - A national medico-legal service for Scotland.

PMID- 956757
TI  - The politicalization of the juvenile justice system.

PMID- 956759
TI  - The typing of phosphoglucomutase in vaginal material and semen.

PMID- 956760
TI  - Death resulting from gasoline "sniffing": a case report.

PMID- 956761
TI  - Some observations on the Ammoniacal extraction method in blood stain grouping and
      its comparison with other extractive and non-extractive methods.

PMID- 956762
TI  - Luminescence of tyre marks and other rubber contact traces.

PMID- 956763
TI  - The assay of ABO antisera intended for use in the grouping of bloodstains.

PMID- 956764
TI  - The use of bovine serum albumin for H antigen typing in bloodstains.

PMID- 956765
TI  - The mechanism of the restoration of obliterated serial numbers by acid etching.

PMID- 956766
TI  - Sodium channel selectivity. Dependence on internal permeant ion concentration.
AB  - The selectivity of sodium channels in squid axon membranes was investigated with
      widely varying concentrations of internal ions. The selectivity ratio, PNa/PK,
      determined from reversal potentials decreases from 12.8 to 5.7 to 3.5 as the
      concentration of internal potassium is reduced from 530 to 180 to 50 mM,
      respectively. The internal KF perfusion medium can be diluted by
      tetramethylammonium (TMA), Tris, or sucrose solutions with the same decrease in
      PNa/PK. The changes in the selectivity ratio depend upon internal permeant ion
      concentration rather than ionic strength, membrane potential, or chloride
      permeability. Lowering the internal concentration of cesium, rubidium,
      guanidnium, or ammonium also reduces PNa/Pion. The selective sequence of the
      sodium channel is: Na greater than guanidinium greater than ammonium greater than
      K greater than Rb greater than Cs.

PMID- 956767
TI  - Water and nonelectrolyte permeability of lipid bilayer membranes.
AB  - Both the permeability coefficients (Pd's) through lipid bilayer membranes of
      varying composition (lecithin [L], lecithin:cholesterol [LC], and
      spingomyelin:cholesterol [SC]) and the n-hexadecane:water partition coefficients
      (Knc's) of H2O and seven nonelectrolytes (1,6 hexanediol, 1,4 butanediol, n
      butyramide, isobutyramide, acetamide, formamide, and urea) were measured. For a
      given membrane compositiin, Pd/DKnc (where D is the diffusion constant in water)
      is the same for most of the molecules tested. There is no extraordinary
      dependence of Pd on molecular weight; thus, given Pd(acetamide), Pd(1,6
      hexanediol) is correctly predicted from the Knc and D values for the two
      molecules. The major exceptions are H2O, whose value of Pd/DKnc is about 10-fold
      larger, and urea, whose value is about 5-fold smaller than the general average.
      In a "tight" membrane such as SC, Pd(n-butyramide)/Pd(isobutyramide)=2.5; thus
      this bilayer manifests the same sort of discrimination between branched and
      straight chain molecules as occurs in many plasma membranes. Although the
      absolute values of the Pd's change by more than a factor of 100 in going from the
      tightest membrane (SC) to the loosest (L), the relative values remain
      approximately constant. The general conclusion of this study is that H2O and
      nonelectrolytes cross lipid bilayer membranes by a solubility-diffusion
      mechanism, and that the bilayer interior is much more like an oil (a la Overton)
      than a rubber-like polymer (a la Lieb and Stein).

PMID- 956768
TI  - Nature of the water permeability increase induced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
      in toad urinary bladder and related tissues.
AB  - In artificial  lipid bilayer membranes, the ratio of the water permeability
      coefficient (Pd(water)) to the permeability coefficient of an arbitrary
      nonelectrolyte such as n-butyramide (Pd(n-butyramide)) remains relatively
      constant with changes in lipid composition and temperature, even though the
      individual Pd's increase more than 100-fold. I propose that this is a general
      rule that also holds for the lipid bilayers of cells and tissues, and that
      therefore if Pd(water)/Pd(solute greatly exceeds the value found for artifical
      lipid bilayers (where "solute" is a molecule, such as 1,6 hexanediol or n
      butyramide, that crosses the cell membrane by a solubility-diffusion mechanism
      without the aid of a special transporting system), then water crosses the cell
      membrane via aqueous pores. Applying this criterion to the toad urinary bladder,
      we find that even in the unstimulated bladder, water probably crosses the luminal
      membrane primarily through small aqueous pores, and that this almost certainly
      the case after antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulation. I suggest that ADH
      stimulation ultimately leads either to formation (or enlargement) of pores, by
      the rearrangement of preexisting subunits, or to an unplugging of these pores.

PMID- 956769
TI  - Axoplasmic free magnesium levels and magnesium extrusion from squid giant axons.
AB  - The free magnesium concentration in the axoplasm of the giant axon of the squid,
      Loligo pealei, was estimated by exploting the known sensitivity of the sodium
      pump to intracellular Mg2+ levels. The Mg-citrate buffer which, when injected
      into the axon, resulted in no change in sodium efflux was in equilibrium with a
      Mg2+ level of about 3--4 mM. Optimal [Mg2+] for the sodium pump is somewhat
      higher. Total magnesium content of axoplasm was 6.7 mmol/kg, and that of
      hemolymph was 44 mM. The rate coefficient for 28Mg efflux was about 2 X 10(-3)
      min-u for a 500-mum axon at 22-25degreesC, with a very high temperature
      coefficient (Q10=4-5). This efflux is inhibited 95% by injection of apyrase and
      75% by removal of external sodium, and seems unaffected by membrane potential or
      potassium ions. Increased intracellular ADP levels do not affect Mg efflux nor
      its requirement for Na+/o, but extracellularl magnesium ions do. Activation of
      28Mg efflux by Na+/o follows hyperbolic kinetics, with Mg2+/o reducing the
      affinity of the system for Na+/o. Lanthanum and D600 reversibly inhibit Mg
      efflux. In the absence of both Na+ and Mg2+, but not in their presence, removal
      of Ca2+ from the seawater vastly increased 28Mg efflux; this efflux was also
      strongly inhibited by lanthanum. A small (10(-14) mol cm-2) extra Mg efflux
      accompanies the conduction of an action potential.

PMID- 956770
TI  - Biochemical isolation and physiological identification of the egg-laying hormone
      in Aplysia californica.
AB  - It has been determined that the bag cells of Aplysia californica produce two
      polypeptide species that comigrate on electrophoretic gels containing sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. By this separation procedure both species can be assigned a
      molecular weight of approximately 6,000. One of these molecules has an Rf of 0.65
      on alkaline discontinuous electrophoresis gels, an isoelectric point at pH 4.8, a
      gel filtration molecular weight of approximately 12,000, and has no known
      biological function. The other does not enter alkaline disk gels, has an
      isoelectric point at approximately pH 9.3, shows a gel filtration molecular
      weight consistent with that determined by SDS gel electrophoresis, and is the egg
      laying hormone.

PMID- 956771
TI  - Precursor and product processing in the bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica.
AB  - Posttranslational processing in the biosynthesis of the egg-laying hormone (ELH)
      by the bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica was studied. The precursor (pro
      ELH) to ELH was found to be resistant to solubilization in denaturant-free media
      throughout its lifetime. Its principle products show a similar insolubility for 3
      h, but two of these, ca. 6,000 daltons, subsequently become readily recoverable
      in the low-speed supernatant of a homogenate of the cells. The remaining product
      shows no change in solubility characteristics. From studies employing
      ultracentrifugation and examination of axoplasmic transport, the solubility shift
      for the lower molecular weight products is interpreted to represent the
      liberation of secretory vesicles into the cytoplasm from larger membranous
      associations. This event is accompanied by, but does appear to be dependent upon,
      a 15% reduction in the molecular weight of one of the products. These findings
      are considered in the light of the extensively studied posttranslational
      processing regimen for the production of insulin in the pancreatic beta cell.

PMID- 956772
TI  - Genetic studies on SCP1-prime strains of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).
AB  - SCP1'-cysB carries a short chromosomal insertion: cysB was the only chromosomal
      locus identified on this plasmid; the plasmid was seldom lost; and a
      comparatively low frequency of crossing-over between the exo- and endogenote in a
      cysB+/cysB+ heterozygote. SCP1'-argA, uraB carries a longer chromosomal
      insertion: five chromosomal loci have been detected on the plasmid; it was very
      often lost; and there was frequent crossing-over between exo- and endogenote in
      heterozygous strains. Both SCP1' plasmids gave rise to plasmids closely
      resembling, or perhaps identical with, the original SCP1 by deletion of the
      chromosomal insertion. Markers argA and uraB were always deleted together from
      SCP1'-argA, uraB, whereas random deletion should more often have removed uraB
      alone. This suggests that special DNA sequences are involved in SCP1' formation.
      An analysis of recombination between exo- and endogenote within a double
      heterozygote for argA and uraB supports the hypothesis that single copies of
      plasmid and chromosome assort from a pool of interacting molecules at, or
      immediately before, spore formation. A strain carrying the SCP1'-cysB plasmid
      gave rise to a 'bidirectional' donor of chromosomal markers in which the plasmid
      had apparently integrated into the chromosome at or close to the cysB locus.

PMID- 956773
TI  - Synthesis and hydrolysis of malyl-coenzyme A by Pseudomonas AM1: an apparent
      malate synthase activity.
AB  - The malate synthase activity detectable in crude extracts of Pseudomonas AM1 has
      been shown to be due to a coupling of a malyl-CoA hydrolase with malyl-CoA lyase
      and not due to a discrete malate synthase enzyme. The partial purification of
      this malyl-CoA hydrolase from Pseudomonas AM1 has shown that it is distinct from
      citrate synthase which also hydrolyses malyl-CoA. The malyl-CoA hydrolase has a
      low Km for malyl-CoA (7-0 muM). A mutant of Pseudomonas AM1, ICT51 (Taylor &
      Anthony, 1975), which is unable to grow on ethanol, malonate or 3
      hydroxybutyrate, has been shown to have an altered malyl-CoA hydrolase with a Km
      for malyl-CoA 30 times higher than that of the enzyme present in the wild-type
      organism. Two classes of revertants to growth on these substrates have been
      isolated: (i) those with a malyl-CoA hydrolase of similar Km to the wild-type and
      (ii) those in which the malyl-CoA hydrolase activity remains the same as in the
      mutant ICT51. The nature of the mutation leading to the latter class of
      revertants is unknown.

PMID- 956774
TI  - Existence of a surface configuration on the aerial spore and aerial mycelium of
      Micropolyspora.
AB  - We report the existence of a surface configuration in a true spore-forming genus
      having cell wall constituents of type IV. Micropolyspora angiospora, M. caesia
      and M. faeni freeze-fractured along the wall surface and only had a surface
      configuration on their aerial mycelium and aerial spores, with none on the
      substrate mycelium and substrate spore. The surface configuration of
      Micropolyspora was distinctly more complicated than that of Nocardia. The aerial
      spores of M. angiospora were characteristic in that they possessed ridges, two
      kinds of surface configurations (i.e. rodlets and fibres), and a complex pattern
      on the surface. Some rodlets of this organism were formed of a two-stranded
      helix, each strand having a diameter similar to that of a fibre.

PMID- 956775
TI  - Decarboxylative conversion of hydroxycinnamic acids to hydroxystyrenes by
      Polyporus circinata.

PMID- 956776
TI  - Phytochrome system of the yeast Candida guilliermondii and recovery from
      ultraviolet injury.
AB  - The effect of red (660 nm) and far-red (730 nm) light on the stability of the
      yeast Candida guilliermondii to lethal u.v. radiation has been studied.
      Reactivation and protection were exhibited for 30 min after treatment with red
      light and were abolished by far-red exposure applied within this time period. The
      temperature dependence of the reactivation effect was also studied. The data
      obtained showed that the properties of recovery and protection against u.v.
      exposure are associated with the phytochrome system of the yeast.

PMID- 956777
TI  - Isolation and structure of an extracellular polysaccharide from streptomyces sp.
      FERM-P1185.
AB  - A streptomycete strain (FERM-P1185), isolated from soil, secreted a slime on
      glucose-asparagine agar, and produced viscous growth in liquid media containing
      peptone as nitrogen source. A purified polysaccharide isolated from the culture
      broth was composed of glucose and mannose units (molar ratio 1-87:1). Periodate
      oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, infrared and 13c nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectra indicated that this mannoglucan had a linear structure
      consisting of alpha-1,3- and alpha-1,4-linked glucopyranose and mannopyranose
      units.

PMID- 956778
TI  - Effect of light on growth and sporulation of Aspergillus ornatus.
AB  - Aspergillus ornatus produces conidia when grown in continuous light but few, if
      any, when grown in continuous darkness. A minimum of 3 h of exposure to light is
      needed for induction. Light inhibits growth, glucose uptake and phosphorylation
      but does not inhibit the uptake of lysine. A low molecular weight substance
      produced or accumulating in the light inhibits the phosphorylation of glucose. It
      is suggested that the inhibition of glucose uptake and phosphorylation precedes
      conidiation and that conidiation may be the result of starvation caused by this
      light-induced inhibition.

PMID- 956779
TI  - Ultrastructure of Rothia dentocariosa.
AB  - Rothia dentocariosa was seen as a typical prokaryotic cell, lacking nuclear
      envelope, mitochondria and a reticulum with ribosomes. The plasma membrane was
      located close to and parallel to the wall. The outer limits of the wall were
      associated with what may be capsular or slime material. Chain-like filaments of
      thick walled coccoid cells underwent septation both transverse and parallel to
      the long axis of the chain. Side branching and terminal clavate forms were also
      present. These clavate forms may represent specialized cells during the life
      cycle. Fragmentation of the chain resulted when the outer wall ruptured to
      release the coccoid bodies.

PMID- 956780
TI  - Butyricin 7423: a bacteriocin produced by Clostridium butyricum NCIB7423.
AB  - Butyricin 7423 is a trypsin-sensitive bacteriocin produced by Clostridium
      butyricum NCIB7423 and active against some other species of Clostridium. It has a
      bactericidal but non-lytic action on growing cultures of Clostridium
      pasteurianum. The primary action of butyricin 7423 appears to be at the cell
      membrane. Thus treatment of C. pasteurianum with an excess of butyricin altered
      the permeability of its cell membrane, allowing the release of several
      metabolites and ions. Efflux of rubidium ions from organisms preloaded with 86Rb+
      was particularly rapid and extensive. The action of butyricin 7423 on Clostridium
      species seems to differ from that of other clostridocins, such as the boticins
      and perfringocin 28, and more closely resembles the mode of action on susceptible
      (aerobic) organisms of bacteriocins such as staphylococcin 1580 or colicins A,
      E1, I and K.

PMID- 956781
TI  - The presence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid DNA in crown gall tumour cells.

PMID- 956782
TI  - Nitrogen fixation by bacteria from the hindgut of termites.
AB  - Anaerobically grown bacteria isolated from the hindgut contents of the termites
      Coptotermes lacteus (Froggatt), Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt and
      Nasutitermes exitiosus (Hill) were nitrogenase-positive as assayed by acetylene
      reduction. Nitrogen fixation, confirmed with 15N2, was highest in the isolate
      from M. darwiniensis. All isolates were identified as Citrobacter freundii
      (Braak) Werkman & Gillen.

PMID- 956783
TI  - An approach to numerical identification of bacterial species.
AB  - The distribution of matching coefficients (M values) for strains of a species to
      their own 'hypothetical mean organism' (HMO) or to HMO patterns of other
      organisms was studied in 754 strains of 19 mycobacterial species, testing for 91
      discriminating characters. The M values of strains of a species to the HMO of
      other species usually showed a normal distribution, and M values to their own HMO
      showed either a normal distribution of a binomial distribution, depending on the
      mean of M values. If the number of test characters was large, the binomial
      distribution usually resembled the normal distribution. After preparation of the
      HMO for every species and estimation of the mean of the M values (M) and the
      standard deviation (s), numerical identification could be carried out: if a test
      strain had an M value to the HMO of species chi that only fell within the range
      (M +/2s) for species chi, the strain would be identified as a member of that
      species.

PMID- 956784
TI  - Synthesis of ribonucleic acids during the germination of Botryodiplodia
      theobromae pycnidiospores.
AB  - During the initial phases of germination of Botryodiplodia theobromae
      pycnidiospores, protein synthesis was initiated in the absence of detectable
      ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. The lack of RNA synthesis during the early
      stages of germination was not an artefact due to reduced precursor permeability
      or to changes in the nucleotide pool. Further studies showed that the synthesis
      of messenger RNA and transfer RNA began about 30 min after the initiation of
      germination and that of 5S RNA after 45 min, whereas ribosomal RNA synthesis was
      not detected until after 1 h of germination. Approximately 45 to 55% of the
      messenger-like RNA synthesized during the first hour of germination was devoid of
      polyadenylate segments.

PMID- 956785
TI  - Virulence heterogeneity of a predominantly avirulent Western equine encephalitis
      virus population.
AB  - Selective removal of small plaque (SP) Western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus
      from a population heterogeneous with respect to virulence and plaque morphology
      permitted direct detection of a small sub-population of virulent large plaque
      (LP) WEE virus. Selective removal of SP-WEE virus was achieved by intracardiac
      (i.c.a.) inoculation of hamsters; plasma obtained 60 min after inoculation was
      proportionately enriched for LP-WEE virus since only the SP-WEE virus was
      cleared. By this method, the proportion of LP- to SP-WEE virus, in a population
      of SP-WEE virus which appeared to be homogeneous by conventional plaquing
      methods, was calculated to be 1 LP- to 250000 SP-WEE virions. The presence of a
      virulent LP-WEE virus sub-population explains why a single passage of a high but
      not low dose of SP-WEE virus in hamsters resulted in the emergence of an LP-WEE
      virus population with enhanced virulence.

PMID- 956786
TI  - Suppression of interferon production by vitamin A.
AB  - Vitamin A (retinoic acid) suppressed interferon production by L cells infected
      with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This suppression was maximal when cells were
      treated with retinoic acid for 2 h after NDV adsorption, indicating that the
      inhibitory step was an early event. It was not due to inhibition of total RNA
      synthesis. Retinoic acid treatment caused both a delay in appearance of
      interferon and a reduced rate of synthesis thereafter.

PMID- 956787
TI  - Bacteriophage growth on stationary phase Achromobacter cells.
AB  - A new phage-host system is described in which phage alpha 3a grows on stationary
      phase Achromobacter mutant strains. Characteristic clear plaques are formed, at
      an e.o.p. 10(-1) to 10(-2), on already confluent bacterial lawns of the mutant
      strains. Phage growth is sensitive to aeration and growth only occurs under micro
      aerophilic conditions. Lysates prepared on the mutant strains cannot transduce in
      contrast to transducing lysates prepared from wild type Achromobacter strains.

PMID- 956788
TI  - Establishment of a secondary drive based on thirst: a replication.
AB  - In order to establish a secondary drive based on thirst, 16 male albino rats were
      deprived of water for 23 hours per day for 14 days in square cages. At the end of
      each 23-hour period, the Ss were placed in triangular cages with free access to
      water for 1/2 hour followed by 1/2 hour in a circular cage with no water
      available. On day 15 the Ss were divided into two groups following satiation in
      the triangular cage. The control Ss were placed in the circular cages with water
      present for the first time, and experimental Ss were placed in the square cages
      with water present for the first time. During this 1/2-hour period the
      experimental Ss drank significantly more than the control Ss which indicated the
      presence of thirst fear in the experimental group.

PMID- 956789
TI  - Acoustic image in visual detection for deaf and hearing college students.
AB  - To explore the role of acoustic factors in visual detection, this study employed
      40 deaf and hearing Ss. Ss were requested to cancel all the letters "e" in a
      passage from Treasure Island. Results were analyzed in terms of probabilities of
      missing a pronounced or silent e and the e in the word "the." Hearing and hard of
      hearing Ss were more likely to miss silent e's than pronounced e's. There was no
      significant difference between silent and pronounced e's for the profoundly deaf.
      Deaf and hearing Ss missed significantly more e's in "the" than pronounced or
      silent e's. The deaf, when compared to the hearing Ss, were more efficient in
      detecting pronounced and silent e's. They did not differ significantly from the
      hearing Ss in detecting the e in "the."

PMID- 956790
TI  - An experimental analysis of the Chevreul pendulum illusion.
AB  - An investigation was performed, with the use of 60 male and female college
      students, to quantify the Chevreul pendulum illusory effect, the tendency of a
      small pendulum, when suspended from the hand and imaginatively concentrated upon,
      to oscillate seemingly of its own accord. By means of a time exposure
      photographic measurement technique, strong parametric influences of the
      pendulum's sinusoidal motion were isolated. It was found that the pendulum effect
      was enhanced when (a) attentional capacity remained undivided, (b) the amount of
      musculature used to suspend the pendulum was at a maximum, (c) oscillating visual
      and auditory external stimuli were present, and (d) females were Ss. In addition,
      the visual stimulus was found to be superior to its auditory counterpart. The
      relevance of ideomotor and visual capture interpretations of covert muscle
      processes in the pendulum illusion was discussed.

PMID- 956791
TI  - Chronic methylphenidate effects on learning in an F2 generation.
AB  - This study investigated chronic methylphenidate effects on the learning of
      undrugged second generation offspring. Seventy-two albino rats were tested on
      avoidance conditioning. The results indicated that (a) the learning of the
      undrugged offspring was affected, (b) differential sex effects were obtained, and
      (c) some difficulty was encountered in reproduction.

PMID- 956792
TI  - Unconditioned response diminution in the skin resistance response.
AB  - An experiment was carried out to investigate unconditioned response diminution in
      the skin resistance response. By using an alternating series of paired and
      unpaired stimuli the differential predictions of the hypotheses of response
      interference, conditioned inhibition and expectancy could be tested. Ss were 27
      young adult male students. The unconditioned stimulus was a tone of 105 db. For
      the conditioned stimulus the Ss were divided into two groups, one receiving a
      tone at 65 db and the other a tone at 85 db. Unconditioned response diminution
      was found. This diminution showed no significant change over trials and showed no
      correlation with amplitude of the conditioned response. This result is best
      explained in terms of expectancy.

PMID- 956793
TI  - Preferences by northern grasshopper mice for solutions of sugars, acids, and
      salts in Richter-type drinking tests.
AB  - Taste preferences, as measured in 48-hour, Richter-type drinking tests (test
      solution opposite distilled water), were determined for northern grasshopper mice
      (Onychomys leucogaster, ssp. breviauritus). The Ss were nine males and nine
      females which were individually housed within an environmental chamber. The test
      solutions were prepared from five sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose,
      sucrose) three salts (magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride),
      and two acids (citric acid and hydrochloric acid). In randomly assigned order,
      each sugar and each salt solution was presented at five molar concentrations, and
      each acid was paired with distilled water at six levels of pH. Strong drinking
      preferences were shown for all concentrations of the sugars above .05-.10 M, and
      sugars ranked in order of preference as follows: Maltose = sucrose greater than
      glucose = fructose greater than lactose. Preferences were also shown for
      hypotonic concentrations of NaCl. The other salts and both acids, however, were
      indifferently preferred at low concentrations and were rejected at the higher
      concentrations. Taste preferences by grasshopper mice for these chemicals were
      similar to those exhibited by Monogolian gerbils tested with the same items. The
      similar patterns of preference shown by New World cricetid rodents (grasshopper
      mice) and Old World cricetid rodents (gerbils) suggest that conclusions
      concerning disparity in taste sensibilities among animal forms may be premature.

PMID- 956794
TI  - Utilization review, attempted suicide, and involuntary hospitalization.
AB  - A patient's refusal to participate in recommended treatment is a problem faced in
      all branches of medicine. However, psychiatry faces special problems because of
      its authority to impose hospitialization of suicide attempters, cases were
      identified where there was indepdent agreement between both the experts'
      standards and the treating resident psychiatrists that hospitalization was
      required. Despite this agreement, the patients were not hospitalized because the
      patients refused. By most criteria, these patients were a high risk group. They
      had made repeated suicide attempts, used lethal means which eventuated in serious
      medical consequences, and were still suicidal when referred for treatment. The
      emergency room psychiatrists reported feeling confused, anxious, and annoyed in
      dealing with these patients, and the patients signed out against medical advice.
      A review of these cases indicated that discussions of social control vs. medical
      responsibility and clear criteria for hospitalization should be incorporated into
      residency training programs since the emergency room resident faces these tension
      producing issues frequently with several different types of patients. Moreover,
      utilization review criteria may help to set standards which will assist the
      psychiatrist in making these difficult decisions.

PMID- 956795
TI  - Phantom limb phenomenon in patients with leprosy.
AB  - The phantom limb phenomenon (PLP) was studied in 42 patients with leprosy who had
      limb amputation and/or digital shortening; some of the patients also had another
      type of limb deformity, such as claw-hand or foot-drop, which did not involve
      significant loss of tissue. Thirty-eight (90 per cent) of the patients reported
      having at least one phantom limb (PL) for a missing or deformed part. Associated
      with each of the three types of limb defects, two descriptively and
      experientially distinct types of PLs were found: the paresthetic or typical (TPL)
      and the painless or natural (NPL). Descriptions of the TPL and the NPL are given.
      The findings were compared to various reports, particularly those of Stetter and
      Frederiks. The leprosy TPL was similar both to the PL of amputees as frequently
      described in the literature, and to what Stetter and Frederiks termed the PL
      sensations. A close correspondence, if not identity, was noted between the NPL of
      leprosy patients and the equivalent categories of Stetter's PL experience and
      Frederiks' PL as such. Included in these three designations are aspects of the
      PLP that are associated with the normal, intact limb; these aspects are thought
      to be usual concomitants of the PLP and to constitute manifestations of the
      persistence of the normal body image. From our findings, we conclude that for the
      appearance of a PLP, the actual loss of a part of a limb, whether slow or sudden,
      is not required, but the loss of its sensorimotor functions is sufficient.

PMID- 956796
TI  - Psychological characteristics of women with sexual inhibition (frigidity) in six
      clinics.
AB  - Traditional psychiatric thought has equated the inability of a female to obtain
      an orgasm (particularly a vaginal orgasm during intercourse) with psychological
      maladjustment. The research literature generally does not support this position.
      The present paper describes the psychological characteristics of 44 frigid women
      who applied for treatment of their sexual problem at two university hospital sex
      clinics and 26 women selected for treatment by the same criterion, but treated in
      private practice. Presented for comparison are 53 female neurotics from a Temple
      University Hospital psychotherapy study, a sample of 65 consecutive female walk
      ins of mixed psychiatric diagnosis from the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of
      Temple Hospital, and a group of 35 female college student sophomores from Temple
      University who comprised the normal sample. A battery of psychological tests
      including the MMPI, the Institute for Personality and Ability Testing--Self
      Evaluation Form (IPAT), the Symptom Check List, and the Eysenck Personality
      Inventory were given to each group. The data indicate that female patients who
      apply to a sex dysfunction clinic, complaining primarily of sexual inhibition,
      appear as a group identical to a normal control group in terms of their
      psychological profile and less neurotic than psychiatric outpatients, with the
      exception that the normals were less depressed. When women with primary orgasmic
      dysfunction from the above three samples were combined and compared to those with
      secondary orgasmic dysfunction (using Masters and Johnson's criterion), the
      groups were identical, at least from a global psychological perspective. We
      suggest that little else can be gained by assessing global personality
      characteristics. Without discarding the primary and secondary classifications a
      potentially more fruitful approach would be to develop instruments that would
      measure specific dimensions, such as sexual misinformation, specific sexual
      anxiety or guilt, or resentment or hostility directed toward the immediate sexual
      partner. A scale to measure specific phobic-like sexual anxiety, in addition,
      would have treatment implications because of the recently demonstrated
      effectiveness of specific anxiety-reducing techniques, such as systematic
      desensitization. Specific scales can also be useful in the assessment and
      prediction of outcome in psychotherapy.

PMID- 956797
TI  - Truax factors, speech characteristics, and therapeutic outcome.
AB  - Initial interview ratings of therapist accurate empathy, unconditional positive
      regard, and self-congruence were correlated with nonlexical speech
      characteristics and outcome of individual psychotherapy. Speech characteristics
      of both patients (greater total speech time, shorter pause time following
      therapists' comments, and faster reaction times) and therapists (fewer speech
      units) were significantly related to improved outcome. While Rogers-Truax factors
      were unrelated to outcome, they were related to speech characteristics of both
      patient and therapist. Furthermore, patients whose therapists showed high levels
      of the Truax factors tended to increase their average speech durations and total
      speech time during the course of the initial interview.

PMID- 956798
TI  - Therapists' physiological activation and patient difficulty.
AB  - The differential effects of an easy and difficult-to-interview patient on
      therapist self-reported behavioral arousal and physiological activation were
      observed. Eighteen experienced white male psychiatrists each interviewed two
      patient simulators believing they were real patients. Each actress was programed
      to act the part of a difficult-to-interview patient and an easy-to-interview
      patient. Each randomly played either part as assigned and the order of patient
      and role was counterbalanced. Differences in patient roles were validated by the
      participating therapists and independent raters. Fifteen-minute rest periods with
      soft music preceded each therapy session such that a complete experimental
      session consisted of rest 1, therapy 1, rest 2, and therapy 2. Self-reported
      arousal was assessed during each of the four periods by Thayer's factors from the
      Nowlis Mood Adjective List. Physiological activation was measured by
      electromyogram, heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and skin
      conductance. Therapist self-reported behavioral arousal and measured
      physiological activation during therapy were significantly greater than during
      rest. The difficulty of the patient did not appear to affect either behavioral or
      physiological activation level of the therapists. Several explanations for this
      are explored.

PMID- 956799
TI  - Short term memory for numerousness in schizophrenic young adults.
AB  - The short term memory of schizophrenics for random dot patterns was examined by a
      delayed comparison procedure. In experiment 1, the 10 schizophrenics and 10
      normals compared a fixed dot pattern (standard) with a variable dot pattern
      (compairson) appearing 2 or 8 seconds later and decided whether the comparison
      stimulus had "more" or "less" dots than the standard. Memory strength, indexed by
      the d' value of signal-detection theory, showed neither group difference nor
      decay over time. In experiment 2, the interstimulus interval was filled with an
      unjudged dot pattern (storage interference), and the standard stimulus followed
      the variable comparison stimulus (encoding difficulty). The memory strength of 17
      schizophrenics and 17 normals was severely impaired, and their memory strength
      weakened over time, but again, no group differences were found. In both
      experiments, the two groups showed a strong bias (beta) in underestimating the
      first (to-be-remembered) stimulus. It was concluded that schizophrenics' short
      term perceptual memory for nonverbal stimuli remains good.

PMID- 956800
TI  - Voice predicts affect during psychotherapy.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between emotions and the frequency and power
      characteristics of the voice in psychotherapy. The intensity of fear, anger,
      depression, and total affect in each of four interviews with one patient was
      rated every 20 seconds on a nine-point scale. Significant agreement among judges
      was achieved. Voice samples from each epoch in which there was sufficient speech
      were subjected to spectral analysis of the frequencies between 0 and 1000 HZ.
      These spectra were scored for nine frequency and power parameters. Multiple
      linear regression equations were then developed from two interviews, using the
      nine voice spectral variables as predictors and the mean ratings for each affect
      as the criterion variables. Significant multiple correlations were achieved
      between every rated affect and various combinations of voice variables. The beta
      weights and constants from these equations were then employed in the successful
      prediction of levels of anger, fear, depression, and total affect in one
      interview, and the levels of depression and total affect in another interview. In
      addition, epochs of conflict differed from "pure" affect epochs, and pure epochs
      of anger, fear, and depression differed from each other in various frequency and
      power characteristics of the voice. Voice spectral measures may be an objective
      means of identifying and quantifying affect in psychotherapy.

PMID- 956801
TI  - Depressive disorders in Vietnam returnees.
AB  - A random sample of 470 Army enlisted men who served tours of duty in Vietnam and
      returned to the United States in September, 1971 was selected from military
      records. Between May and September, 1972, these servicemen were located and
      personally interviewed. Additional information was obtained from their military
      records and from Veterans Administration files. Interviews were obtained for 95%
      and military records for 99%. Veterans Administration records were available for
      22% of the sample. Depressive disorders appeared to be a significant problem in
      these enlistees after their return. Twenty-six per cent of the total sample
      reported at least some symptoms of depression, and 7 per cent reported a full
      affective syndrome. A third of those with depressive syndromes have had
      psychiatric care since their return. The association of depression with combat,
      use of illicit drugs, and other pre- and post-Vietnam variables is discussed.

PMID- 956802
TI  - Do depressed patients show thought disorder?
AB  - Twenty-one patients suffering from major depressive disorder are compared for
      evidence of thought disorder on admission and at the time of discharge. Two
      aspects of cognition are evaluated: the ability to abstract, and the quality of
      association. These aspects of cognition were tested using the Shipley-Hartford,
      the Raven Progressive Matrices, and the Goldstein-Scheerer Object Sorting Test.
      Althouh the patients showed some improvement in ability to abstract, and although
      their associations became somewhat less underinclusive or improverished, these
      improvements did not achieve statistical significance. Consequently, this group
      of depressed patients did not appear to show any thought disorder of the type
      under investigation.

PMID- 956803
TI  - A comparison of abstractive and nonabstractive deficits in schizophrenics and
      psychiatric controls.
AB  - Chapman and Chapman (Disordered Thought in Schizophrenia, Appleton-Century
      Crofts, New York, 1973) have suggested that findings of abstract thinking
      deficits in schizophrenia could be functions of control task artifacts. This
      paper describes two projects in which the abilities of schizophrenics and
      psychiatric hospital controls who had been closely matched on a wide variety of
      vocabulary and nonvocabulary control tasks to perform several types of abstract
      thinking tasks were compared. No differences on the mean scores of the
      schizophrenic and control patients appeared on four of five measures used. On the
      fifth, a logical reasoning test, the schizophrenics were inferior to controls.
      The results suggest that many of the differences reported earlier between
      schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics on abstraction tasks may result from the
      heavy reliance of researchers on vocabulary as a control matching test, and its
      peculiar resistance to deterioration in schizophrenia. The results also suggest
      that inability to use logic properly may be.

PMID- 956804
TI  - Skin conductance responding/nonresponding and pupiliometrics in chronic
      schizophrenia. A confirmation of Gruzelier and Venables.
AB  - In a number of reports, Gruzelier and Venables have demonstrated that about 50%
      of the schizophrenic population do not show the skin conductance orienting
      response (S.C.O.R.), while those that do respond, do not show normal habituation.
      Zahn (Orienting response in schizophrenics. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 162: 195-199,
      1976) has questioned the bimodality of the S.C.O.R. in schizophrenia and suggests
      that responding/nonresponding could well be due to differential effects of
      phenothiazine medication. In two experiments (with equally medicated patients),
      in two different hospitals, the present report confirms the finding of a large
      proportion of nonresponding in schizophrenia but also suggests that both normal
      and nonhabituation are seen within schizophrenics and normals. Differential
      pupillary dilation and constriction parameters are seen in responders and
      nonresponders although both of these patient groups show tachycardia (the most
      usual effect of phenothiazines) in comparison to the normal group. The results do
      not fit easily into the differential effect of phenothiazines hypothesis proposed
      by Zahn.

PMID- 956805
TI  - Phenothiazine death: an unusual case report.
AB  - This paper is a case report of sudden, unexpected autopsy-negative death in a
      hyperactive, hopspitalized patient being treated with a modified schedule of
      rapid tranquilization. The data of the study suggest that death was caused by
      phenothiazines and that phenothiazines can cause clinically significant
      depression of the medullary respiratory centers of the brain stem. Clinicians
      should monitor rate and quality of respirations as well as blood pressure closely
      when schedules of rapid tranquilization are implemented.

PMID- 956806
TI  - Changes in environmental life events and their relationship to psychiatric
      hospital admissions.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if differences exist in the number of
      stressful life events experienced by individuals precipitating a first admission
      vs. readmission to an inpatient psychiatric facility based on diagnostic
      classification and sex. The subjects consisted of adult patients diagnosed as
      schizophrenic, depressive neurotic, or chemically addicted, who had not been
      hospitalized for psychiatric problems for at least 12 months prior to the current
      hospitalization. The Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale was used to
      quantify the life stresses experienced. A 3 X 2 X 2 analysis of variance showed
      no significant differences between groups.

PMID- 956807
TI  - Patient variables supporting chronic illness. A scale for measuring attitudes
      toward respiratory illness and hospitalization.
AB  - To enable the study of attitudes as one basis for the maintenance of chronic
      illness, a scale of patient attitudes toward chronic respiratory illness and
      hospitalization was developed. Key cluster analysis was performed on a large set
      of statements which had been rated by patients hospitalized for chronic asthma in
      a residential treatment setting. The analyses identified six attitudinal
      clusters: Optimism, Negative Staff Regard, Specific Internal Awareness, External
      Control, Psychological Stigma, and Authoritarian Attitudes toward Illness and
      Hospitalization. The clusters showed good internal consistency, reliability, and
      generality. The low to moderate inter-relationships among clusters suggest the
      existence of identifiable patterns of attitudes which may be related to
      differences in coping styles to chronic illness.

PMID- 956808
TI  - Distribution of dopamine in the rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The rat cerebral neocortex was sectioned by 3 transverse cuts and analyzed for
      dopamine and noradrenaline. Dopamine concentration decreased gradually from the
      rostral (97 +/- 4 ng/g) to the caudal (59 +/- 2 ng/g) end of the neocortex. Also,
      the noradrenaline concentration was highest in the rostral part (269 +/- 6 ng/g)
      and decreased gradually reaching a concentration of 238 +/- 3 ng/g in the caudal
      part. Since the quotient dopamine/noradrenaline showed similar changes in the
      neocortex parts investigated the data support the view that dopamine serves as a
      transmitter in cortical neurons apart from being a precursor for noradrenaline.

PMID- 956809
TI  - In vivo assessment of decarboxylase inhibition or potentiation: urinary dopamine
      and L-dopa output after L-dopa administration.
AB  - In the L-Dopa treated rat, a decreased urinary output of free and conjugated
      dopamine and an increase in free and conjugated L-Dopa excretion after
      administration of decarboxylase-inhibiting drugs provide a good in vivo index of
      Dopa decarboxylase inhibition. With the exception of free dopamine output, which
      showed an equivocal change, these measurements appear to provide a good yardstick
      of decarboxylase status in man also. Using this approach, it was not possible to
      find any evidence of facilitation of decarboxylase action, in L-Dopa-treated
      parkinsonians given pyridoxine supplements, to account for the ability of this
      compound to neutralize the beneficial effect of L-Dopa.

PMID- 956810
TI  - Separation of pineal extracts by gelfiltration. V. Location by paper
      chromatography of a sheep pineal principle inhibiting hypophyseal gonadotropic
      activity.
AB  - Previously we were able to isolate by simple and mild methods from an aqueous
      sheep pineal extract an inhibiting principle action on the anterior hypophysis of
      male rats in vitro. This substance could be located by paper electrophoresis. In
      the present paper we describe the further purification of this active principle
      by paper chromatography in two different solvents. In two regions possessing a
      special fluorescence an inhibiting factor of the gonadotropic activity of the
      anterior pituitary was found in vitro.

PMID- 956811
TI  - Study of deterioration in long-term treatment of parkinsonism with L-dopa plus
      decarboxylase inhibitor.
AB  - 35 parkinsonian patients have been treated over 3 years with L-Dopa combined with
      benserazide. After an impressive improvement during the first months of treatment
      a slow but significant deterioration of the patient's condition was observed. At
      the end of the observation period however their condition was still significantly
      better than before starting the treatment. A reduced mean L-Dopa dosage was ruled
      out as the cause of this deterioration. Withdrawal of the L-Dopa therapy for a
      few days in 13 patients provided strong evidence that it is due to the
      progression of the disease and to a partial loss of L-Dopa efficacy.

PMID- 956812
TI  - Present morality in parkinson's disease: the ratio of observed to expected deaths
      with a method to calculate expected deaths.
AB  - Excess mortality, i.e. more deaths than expected in a similar normal population,
      has been reduced in Parkinson's disease by levodopa. A California series and a
      large collaborative study throughout the United States show the ratio of observed
      to expected deaths to be normal. In contrast, a New York study was similar
      patients and a Montreal group of much more severely disabled patients showed
      greater mortality. The reasons for these differences are unclear, but some
      variations in results may be attributed to different methods of calculating
      expected deaths to derive the ratio of observed to expected deaths.

PMID- 956813
TI  - Influence of age and time interval between death and autopsy on dopamine and 3
      methoxytyramine levels in human basal ganglia.
AB  - The caudate nuclei and putamens of 30 human brains were analyzed for dopamine and
      its metabolite 3-methoxytyramine, most of which was presumably formed from
      dopamine postmortally. It was found that dopamine and the sum (dopamine +
      methoxytyramine) but not methoxytyramine declined with the time interval between
      death and autopsy as well as with age.

PMID- 956814
TI  - Time course of nigrostriatal degeneration in parkinson's disease. A detailed
      study of influential factors in human brain amine analysis.
AB  - It could be shown that the post mortem analysis of biogenic amines, precursors
      and metabolites in the human brain are influenced by various parameters. 1. The
      patient's medical history; long term observations of the course of the disease;
      age; sex. 2. Terminal illness; duration of terminal illness. 3. Previous
      treatment with drugs; last drugs. 4. Time interval between last drug treatment
      and death; time of day and date of last drug consumption. 5. Rapidity of death;
      time of death; duration of coma. 6. Changes occurring in tissues before death;
      patients' constitution during terminal illness. 7. Changes in concentration of
      the biogenic amines, precursors, and metabolites depending on the patient's age.
      8. Time between death and necropsy. 9 Dissection of specimen. 10. Period of
      storage; temperature of storage. 11. Chronbiological rhythm of substances. 12.
      Methods of assayL 13. Homogeneity of all mentioned parameters in the control
      group and patient's group. For the first time it could be demonstrated that the
      time course of nigrostriatal degeneration, independent of the age of the
      parkinsonian at the beginning of the illness, is linear for the last stage and
      the denervation progressively increases as the duration of illness progresses.

PMID- 956815
TI  - Synaptic development in the crayfish opener muscle.
AB  - Nerve terminal regions in walking leg opener muscles of several crayfish of
      different ages (0 to 245 days after hatching) were examined by means of electron
      microscopy. This muscle is innervated by two axons (excitatory and inhibitory)
      and at maturity contains three classes of synapse: excitatory and inhibitory
      neuromuscular synapses, and inhibitory axo-axonal synapses. The muscle itself is
      initially a syncytium, which gradually becomes subdivided into distinct "muscle
      fibers" as the animal matures. Innervation was not found in the opener muscle
      just before or just after hatching, but was present in restricted locations on
      the inner side of the muscle within a few days of hatching. As the muscle
      enlarged and became subdivided, innervation appeared in various other locations.
      Synaptic contacts were located in young stages soon after hatching, and in later
      stages. Morphological differences characteristic of excitatory nerve terminals
      could be found even at the earliest stages of innervation. Both excitatory and
      inhibitory synapses, but particularly the former, showed evidence of progressive
      enlargement to a final size within the first two months, and no evidence for
      further enlargement of existing synapses thereafter. Synaptic maturation also
      involved the appearance of presynaptic "dense bodies" though to be regions at
      which transmitter substance is preferentially released. Nerve terminals at
      different levels of maturation were observed in opener muscles of young crayfish.
      Clear evidence for differential maturation of the three types of synapse present
      in this muscle was obtained. The inhibitory neuromuscular synapses attained their
      final average size and developed their dense bodies sooner than the excitatory
      neuromuscular synapses. The inhibitory axo-axonal synapses were the last to
      appear and to mature.

PMID- 956816
TI  - A regional study of developing rat brain: the accumulation and distribution of
      proteolipid proteins.
AB  - The accumulation and distribution of proteolipid proteins in rat brain and
      selected brain regions (cerebellum, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and
      hippocampus) were studied during early postnatal development. In whole brain an
      eightfold increase of proteolipid was observed between ten and 33 days after
      birth. This was reflected in the separate regions examined where the proteolipid
      protein content increased six- to ten-fold during the same period. The basal
      ganglia and cerebral cortex contributed the greatest amount to the total
      proteolipid present. However, at 28-33 days the greatest concentration (mg/g
      tissue) was observed in the basal ganglia and hippocampus. When the proteolipid
      protein preparations were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, distinctive, heterogeneous patterns for each brain region
      were obtained. Proteolipid from basal ganglia (the region richest in white
      matter) consisted primarily of two major protein bands with apparent molecular
      weights of approximately 21,500 and 26,000. Both of these bands dramatically
      increased in quantity during myelination, and the larger protein
      coelectrophoresed with isolated myelin proteolipid protein. Both bands were also
      found present in proteolipid preparations from the other brain regions but in
      varying amounts relative to the total. The data suggest that the increase in
      proteolipid observed during this developmental period was due in large measure to
      the accumulation of myelin-specific proteolipids, but also that a significant
      proportion of the increase was due to the accumulation of nonmyelin components.

PMID- 956817
TI  - A mutant of Paramecium with increased relative resting potassium permeability.
AB  - Fast-2, a membrane mutant of Paramecium aurelia, is due to a single-gene mutation
      and has behavioral abnormalities. Intracellular recordings through changes of
      external solutions were made. The mutant membrane hyperpolarized when it
      encountered solutions with low K+ concentration. This hyperpolarization and other
      associated activities were best observed in Ca- or Na-solutions devoid of K+.
      Membrane potential was plotted against the concentration of K+ (0.5 to 16 mM) in
      solutions of fixed Na+ or Ca++ concentration. The slopes of the curves for the
      mutant membrane were steeper than those for the wild type at the lower
      concentrations of K+. Inclusion of 2 mM tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA-Cl)
      counteracted the mutational effects. Spontaneous action potentials in Ba-solution
      and the electrically evoked action potentials in various solutions are normal in
      this mutant. We conclude that the resting permeability to K+ relative to the
      permeabilities to Na+ and Ca++ has been increased by the mutation.

PMID- 956818
TI  - A model for the localization of acetylcholine receptors at the muscle endplate.

PMID- 956819
TI  - The nuclear DNA content of large ventral spinal neurons.

PMID- 956820
TI  - DNA synthesis in neuronal, glial and liver nuclei isolated from the adult guinea
      pig.

PMID- 956821
TI  - Solubilization and physicochemical characterization of rat brain
      acetylcholinesterase: development and maturation of its molecular forms.

PMID- 956822
TI  - Factors required for Ca-sensitive acetylcholine release from crude synaptic
      vesicles.

PMID- 956823
TI  - The cell-free synthesis of alkaloid-binding proteins in immature rat brain.

PMID- 956824
TI  - Biosynthesis of rat brain phosphatidylcholines from intracerebrally injected
      choline.

PMID- 956825
TI  - The specificity and sulfhydryl sensitivity of the inositol transport system of
      the central nervous system.

PMID- 956826
TI  - Neurotoxicity of a non-metabolizable amino acid, 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic
      acid: regional protein levels and lipid composition of nervous tissue.

PMID- 956827
TI  - Neurotoxicity of a non-metabolizable amino acid, 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic
      acid: antagonism by amino acids in cultures of cerebellum.

PMID- 956828
TI  - Simultaneous isolation of purified microsomal and myelin fractions from rat
      spinal cord.

PMID- 956829
TI  - Gamma-hydroxybutyrate degradation in the brain in vivo: negligible direct
      conversion to GABA.

PMID- 956830
TI  - Increased synthesis of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in cultured rat adrenal medullae
      after in vivo administration of reserpine.

PMID- 956831
TI  - Effect of unilateral visual deprivation and visual stimulation on the activities
      of glutamate decarboxylase, GABA-alpha ketoglutarate transaminase, aspartate
      aminotransferase and hexokinase of the optic lobe of the adult pigeon.

PMID- 956832
TI  - Regional changes in rat brain choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase
      activity resulting from undernutrition imposed during different periods of
      development.

PMID- 956833
TI  - Oxygen consumption by frozen and thawed cerebrocortical slices from warm-adapted
      or hibernating hamsters: the protective effects of hibernation.

PMID- 956834
TI  - Free amino acids in the brains of myelin deficient mutants.

PMID- 956835
TI  - Concentrations of NE and 5-HT in the contused sheep spinal cord: status of the
      monoamine hypothesis.

PMID- 956836
TI  - Absence of brain ganglioside abnormalities in shambling mutant mice.

PMID- 956837
TI  - Ascorbic acid--a naturally occurring mediator of lipid peroxide formation in rat
      brain.

PMID- 956838
TI  - Increased brain activity of methylene reductase during early development.

PMID- 956839
TI  - Distribution of superoxide dismutase in rat brain.

PMID- 956840
TI  - Twenty-four hour variation in 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity in the
      rat brain.

PMID- 956841
TI  - Changes in catecholamine concentrations and synthesis rate in mouse brain during
      the 'supersensitivity' phase after treatment with neuroleptic drugs.

PMID- 956842
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase in human cerebrospinal fluid: non-enzymatically and
      enzymatically catalysed acetylcholine synthesis.

PMID- 956843
TI  - Postnatal development of 5-hydroxytryptamine and monoamine oxidase in rat spinal
      cord.

PMID- 956844
TI  - Distribution of positional isomers of monoenoic fatty acids in pig-brain white
      matter sphingolipids.

PMID- 956845
TI  - Effects of chronic treatment with neuroleptics on striatal acetylcholine
      concentration.

PMID- 956846
TI  - Brain gangliosides in adrenoleukodystrophy.

PMID- 956847
TI  - The effects of calcium and lanthanum on the interaction of decamethonium with
      soluble acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus.

PMID- 956848
TI  - Distribution and turnover rate of vanillylmandelic acid and 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylglycol in rat brain.

PMID- 956849
TI  - Inorganic mercury: selective effects on blood-brain barrier transport systems.

PMID- 956850
TI  - Distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the nerve cells and nerves of the
      abdominal ganglia of the king crab, Limulus polyphemus.

PMID- 956851
TI  - The effect of sulfhydryl reagents on the tityustoxin-induced acetylcholine
      release in rat brain slices.

PMID- 956852
TI  - Acetylcholine receptors: number and distribution in intact and deafferented
      superior cervical ganglion of the rat.

PMID- 956853
TI  - Rat brain beta-galactosidases: observations on cerebroside-beta-galactosidase
      catalysed transgalactosylation and comparison of assay methods for sphingolipid
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 956854
TI  - The relationship between acetylcholine release from brain slices and the
      acetylcholine content of subcellular fractions prepared from brain.

PMID- 956855
TI  - Disaggregation of brain polysomes after administration of d-lysergic acid
      diethylamide (LSD) in vivo.

PMID- 956856
TI  - A rapid method for assaying enzymes whose substrates and products differ by
      charge. Application to brain L-glutamate decarboxylase.

PMID- 956857
TI  - Incorporation of (1-14C)oleic acid and (1-14C)arachidonic acid into lipids in the
      subcellular fractions of mouse brain.

PMID- 956858
TI  - High affinity choline uptake: ionic and energy requirements.

PMID- 956859
TI  - Discharge pattern of single motor units in the tonic vibration reflex of human
      triceps surae.
AB  - Using a single fibre EMG electrode the firing pattern of 46 motor units in the
      triceps surae has been studied during vibration of the Achilles tendon at
      frequencies of 25--200 Hz. Potentials activated in the tonic vibration reflex
      (TVR) were phase-locked to the vibration cycle but tended to become somewhat less
      so with continued vibration. The firing pattern of voluntarily activated motor
      units became locked to the waveform by the application of the vibrator. The
      discharges of 21 motor units were studied during low threshold (sub-M wave)
      tetanic stimulation of the tibial nerve at 25--100 Hz. No evidence was found of
      synchronization of potentials activated in the resulting tonic contraction.
      During weak voluntary contractions, stimulation also failed to regularize
      voluntarily activated motor units. The findings can be reconciled by postulating
      that, in normal man, vibration activates monosynaptic and polysynaptic pathways,
      the latter circuit being adequate to generate reflex contraction, while the
      former merely affects the temporal patterning of the motor outflow.

PMID- 956860
TI  - Diagnostic yield of analysis of the pattern of electrical activity and of
      individual motor unit potentials in myopathy.
AB  - The analysis of the pattern of electrical activity and of individual motor unit
      potentials in the same muscle both identified about 90% of 41 patients as having
      a myopathy. The pattern of electrical activity was analysed during a force which
      was a fixed fraction of maximum; individual motor unit potentials were analysed
      during weak effort. The two methods supplement each other as some of the patients
      were identified only by one or by the other of the two procedures. The parameter
      of the pattern of electrical activity which was most often abnormal was the
      ratio: numbers of turns to mean amplitude between turns.

PMID- 956861
TI  - Correlation between diffuse EEG abnormalities and cerebral atrophy in senile
      dementia.
AB  - Thirty-five elderly patients were investigated because of clinical signs of
      dementia. The presence or diffuse cerebral atrophy, and its severity, were
      determined by the use of computed tomography (CT scan). All of the patients were
      also examined by electroencephalography (EEG), and the presence of diffuse
      abnormalities, especially diffuse slowing, was noted. Specifically, patients with
      normal or near-normal EEGs were compared with those with severe diffuse slowing.
      No correlation between the presence or severity of diffuse EEG abnormalities and
      the degree of cerebral atrophy as measured by CT scan was found. Though the EEG
      is clearly identifying physiological dysfunction of nerve cells in demented
      patients it does not appear to be reliable tool for the prediction of diffuse
      cerebral atrophy in this population.

PMID- 956863
TI  - Relationship between plasma and lymphocyte linoleate in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The linoleate level in total lipids was measured in lymphocytes from control
      subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. A small but significant decrease
      was found in cases of multiple sclerosis. The percentage composition of
      lymphocyte fatty acids was determined in rats fed diets with various linoleate
      contents. There was a correlation between lymphocyte linoleate and plasma
      linoleate in both humans and rats.

PMID- 956862
TI  - Evidence for the presence of a vasoactive substance (possibly involved in the
      aetiology of cerebral arterial spasm) in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with
      subarachnoid haemorrhage.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral
      arterial spasm contracted the isolated basilar artery and potentiated
      contractions produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline, and six
      prostaglandins. The unidentified substance in cerebrospinal fluid probably plays
      a role in the aetiology of cerebral arterial spasm.

PMID- 956864
TI  - Orbicularis oculi reflex in brain death.
AB  - The early and late components of the orbicularis oculi reflex were absent
      bilaterally in three patients who fulfilled the clinical and
      electroencephalographic criteria of brain death. A response to peripheral facial
      nerve stimulation was obtained in all. These preliminary observations suggest
      that the study of the orbicularis oculi reflex is a simple, objective, bedside
      neurophysiological test of brain stem function, complementing the
      electroencephalogram in the diagnosis of brain death.

PMID- 956865
TI  - The Munich Coma Scle (MCS).
AB  - The level of coma can be measured by the assessment of changes of behaviour after
      different intensities of stimulation. Two additive scales (Guttman scales) for
      susceptibility to stimulation and reactivity were developed, constituting the
      Munich Coma Scale (MCS). The findings of previous investigations were repeated in
      a new sample of 67 comatose patients. Implications of the additivity of
      reactivity are discussed and related to the concept of 'behavioural arousal'
      advanced in the recent literature.

PMID- 956866
TI  - Alexander's disease presenting as astrocytoma.
AB  - A case of progressive fibrinoid degeneration of astrocytes is described. Symptoms
      began with convulsions at the age of 6 weeks and cerebral tumour was suspected
      because of enlargement of the head, increased intracranial tension, and marked
      proliferation of astrocytes in the brain biopsy which was interpreted as an
      astrocytoma. Fibres and granules staining deeply with PTAH are a constant feature
      of the few cases so far described. The aetiology is unknown but an inherited
      metabolic defect of astrocytes may be responsible.

PMID- 956867
TI  - Hypertrophy of the branchial muscles. A case with unusual features.
AB  - A detailed morphological and histochemical description of pathological changes
      previously unreported in hypertrophy of the masseter muscle is presented. The
      patient differed from earlier cases in reacting adversely to anaesthetic agents.

PMID- 956868
TI  - The shoulder girdle disc.
AB  - Weakness and wasting of shoulder girdle muscles occurred in 40 cases of cervical
      spondylosis at the level C 3/4 intervertebral space with spinal cord, and lower
      with nerve root compression. Often there was no sensory loss. Prompt recovery
      followed Cloward's operation in more than half the cases. The pathogenesis and
      the need for early diagnosis and radical treatment of the condition are
      considered.

PMID- 956869
TI  - Letter: Trigeminal neuropathy with nasal ulceration.

PMID- 956870
TI  - Training programs in neuropathology: a study and an inquiry into distribution of
      neuropathologists.

PMID- 956871
TI  - Electron microscopic study on the satellite cell in the muscle of Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The ultrastructure and the distribution frequency of the satellite cells of
      biopsied muscle fibers from 10 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (PMD-D)
      and 10 patients free of neuromuscular diseases were studied. The increase in the
      number of satellite cells in muscles of patients with PMD-D over those in the
      normal control cases were noted. Markedly increased pinocytotic vesicles or the
      thin and thick filaments were found in these satellite cells. The possible role
      of satellite cells was discussed.

PMID- 956872
TI  - Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: a sequential and quantitative study of
      the neuromuscular junction ultrastructure and electrophysiologic correlations.
AB  - Neuromuscular junction ultrastructure in rat forelimb digit extensor muscle was
      sequentially and quantitatively investigated in experimental autoimmune
      myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Experimental animals were immunized with highly
      purified eel electroplax acetylcholine receptor protein plus complete Freund's
      adjuvant and B pertussis vaccine; control animals received only adjuvant and
      vaccine. During the first 7 days (latent period) after immunization end-plate
      structure and neuromuscular transmission remained normal in the experimental
      group. Between day 7 and 11 (acute phase) mononuclear cells infiltrated those
      regions of muscle where the end-plates were located and there was intense
      degeneration of the postsynaptic regions with splitting away of abnormal
      junctional folds from the underlying muscle fibers. Macrophages entered the gaps
      thus formed and removed the degenerating folds by phagocytosis. The nerve
      terminals were displaced from their usual location but maintained their
      structural integrity. Neuromuscular transmission was blocked in many muscle
      fibers. Miniature end-plate potentias (MEPPs), detectable in only a few fibers,
      were of abnormally low amplitude. After day 11 (chronic phase) the nerve
      terminals returned to the highly simplified postsynaptic folds became
      reconstituted and again degenerated. Immature junctions with poorly
      differentiated postsynaptic regions and nerve sprouts near end-plates were also
      observed. In two animals relapsing during the chronic phase degeneration of the
      postsynaptic folds was more intense than in the other chronic-phase animals. The
      posysynaptic membrane length and length per unit area and the MEPP amplitudes
      were significantly decreased in all chronic phase animals and the decreases were
      greater in the relapsing than in the non-lapsing animals. Minor morphometric
      alterations were also observed in the nerve terminals. These might have been
      secondary to the postsynaptic changes. The postsynaptic region is the primary
      target of the autoimmune reaction in EAMG. The ultrastructural, morphometric and
      electrophysiological abnormalities of the end-plate in chronic EAMG resemble
      those which have been observed in human myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 956873
TI  - Lateral canthal advancement of the supraorbital margin. A new corrective
      technique in the treatment of coronal synostosis.
AB  - In coronal synostosis, in addition to fusion of the coronal suture, the
      frontosphenoidal and frontoethmoidal sutures are usually closed. A linear
      craniectomy along the coronal sutures does not affect the synostotic process at
      the base of the skull. The facility with which the supraorbital margin could be
      mobilized in Tessier's method of craniofacial repair suggested to us that we
      could easily modify our approach to coronal synostosis and advance the
      supraorbital margin, creating an artificial suture at the base of the skull and
      allowing for proper correction of this disorder. During the past 3 years, we have
      treated 15 patients with coronal synostosis by this technique, which we have
      termed lateral canthal advancement. The method of this form of surgical
      management and its results are discussed.

PMID- 956874
TI  - Physiopathogenesis of subdural hematomas. Part 1: Histological and biochemical
      comparisons of subcutaneous hematoma in rats with subdural hematoma in man.
AB  - The dorsal subcutaneous injection in rats of 12 ml or more of autologous
      hemolyzed whole blood clotted in situ induced the formation of sterile,
      hemispheric lesions, 47% of which showed an initial decrease in volume followed
      by a progressive enlargement. The behavior, histology, and biochemical
      characteristics of the liquid contents of these lesions were found to be
      remarkably similar to those of subdural hematomas in man. To evaluate the role of
      the various blood components that may have influenced the formation and growth of
      these lesions, more than 150 clots composed of human platelet-free plasma,
      autologous hemolyzed blood, or autologous whole blood were implanted
      subcutaneously in rats by either surgical or injection techniques. The in vitro
      behavior of the different clots used was also assessed. This systematic approach
      led to the following conclusions: 1) the composition and volumes of the clots are
      critical variables; 2) plasma-fibrin provides the matrix shape of the lesions; 3)
      the breakdown products derived from erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, and
      other solid blood elements induce neomembrane formation and contribute to the
      lesion's subsequent growth; and 4) inflammation mechanisms appear to be
      essential, while cerebrospinal fluid plays no discernable role in this process.

PMID- 956875
TI  - Physiopathogenesis of subdural hematomas. Part 2: Inhibition of growth of
      experimental hematomas with dexamethasone.
AB  - A previously described experimental hematoma model, achieved by the subcutaneous
      injection of 12 ml of autologous hemolyzed blood clotted in situ, was made in 33
      rats. Sventeen animals served as controls; the other 16 received daily intra
      muscular injections of dexamethasone. After an initial decrease in size, 47% of
      the lesions in the control animals enlarged to a mean weight of 12.1 +/- 2.5 gm,
      while the lesions in the 16 steroid-treated rats weighted 3.2 +/- 0.70 gm (p less
      than 0.01). Histologically, lesions from the steroid group showed absence of
      neomembrane formation. These data offer further support to the theory that the
      neomembrane development and subsequent enlargement of subdural hematomas is due
      to inflammatory reactions of tissues in contact with large blood clots.

PMID- 956876
TI  - Clinical and pathological study of 24 cases of gliosarcoma.
AB  - The authors review the clinical and pathological features of 24 patients with
      gliosarcoma. The study revealed the following findings. Gliosarcoma occurs more
      frequently than is indicated in the literature, and in our series was present in
      8% of all cases of glioblastoma multiforme. The presenting features are not
      significantly different from those of glioblastoma multiforme. The lesion often
      presents itself at surgery as a firm, well circumscribed mass within the temporal
      lobe, and at surgery it is commonly mistaken for a meningioma. There is an
      increased likelihood of metastasis compared to that of glioblastoma. The
      prognosis is no worse than that of glioblastoma, in spite of the addition of
      sarcomatous elements.

PMID- 956877
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for CSF production by a choroid plexus papilloma.
AB  - A choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) removed from a child with communicating
      hydrocephalus was studied with the electron microscope. In addition to the usual
      organelles, the neoplastic epithelial cells contained polypoid microvilli, cilia,
      coated pinocytotic vesicles, and apical tight junctions. The basal surfaces were
      consistently juxtaposed to large capillaries lined by fenestrated endothelium.
      The fine structural details of the tumor were essentially the same as those of
      normal CP and thus appeared ideally suited for an active secretory function. Two
      additional features in this tumor were tubular bodies in the endothelium and well
      developed pericytes. The present findings provide strong evidence for
      cerebrospinal fluid production by CPP, a phenomenon that has long been suggested
      by clinical observation.

PMID- 956878
TI  - Experience with Arnold-Chiari malformation, 1960 to 1970.
AB  - A retrospective study of 60 adult patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation
      revealed that certain presenting clinical syndromes, although not pathognomonic,
      seemed to have definite prognostic significance. Surgical management by
      suboccipital decompression led to remarkable and enduring improvement in 65% of
      patients followed for as long as 14 years. In some patients, however, the initial
      postoperative benefit tended to fade into an insidious progression of
      neurological deficit. Despite operation, 18.6% of patients eventually experienced
      progressive neurological deterioration. Patients who presented with paroxysmal
      intracranial hypertension or cerebellar dysfunction had the best prognosis.
      Evidence of central cord involvement was the single most detrimental factor to
      neurological recovery.

PMID- 956879
TI  - Restricted fluid intake. Rational management of the neurosurgical patient.
AB  - Water balance studies in postcraniotomy patients indicate that restriction of
      fluid intake to 1 liter daily maintains the patient in homeostatic balance. A
      larger fluid intake will expand the extracellular space and presumably
      unfavorably influence cerebral edema. Daily observation of serum sodium and
      osmolarity and blood urea nitrogen, and preserving their normalcy, is a rational
      way of regulating fluid intake of the brain-injured patient. Fluid restriction
      should be used with caution if hyperosmolar agents, diuretics, or dexamethasone
      are also administered.

PMID- 956880
TI  - Meningiomas causing spontaneous intracranial hematomas.
AB  - Four cases of spontaneous intracranial hematomas caused by unsuspected
      meningiomas are reported. Nine previous cases were found in the literature and
      the entire series of 13 cases is reviewed. Because of their unusual clinical
      presentation, these cases were not diagnosed correctly prior to radiological
      studies. Hypertension, trauma, and blood dyscrasia played no significant
      pathogenetic role. The histological features of these hemorrhagic meningiomas are
      described, and the importance of adequate radiological investigations and early
      radical surgery is stressed.

PMID- 956881
TI  - Reopening some occluded carotid arteries. Report of four cases.
AB  - Four cases are presented in which intermittent ischemic symptomatology was
      referable to a cerebral hemisphere. Arteriography in each case showed complete
      occlusion of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery in the neck with collateral
      filling of the ipsilateral intracranial carotid artery into the cavernous
      portion. Endarterectomy was performed successfully in each case from 1 to 5 weeks
      after the demonstrated complete occlusion. The collateral circulation to the
      intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery and the probable reasons for
      the technical success of these operations are discussed.

PMID- 956882
TI  - Treatment of hydrocephalus and bilateral subdural effusions in a patient with
      closed sutures. Case report.
AB  - For management of bilateral subdural hematomas in a hydrocephalic child with
      fused sutures, a simple technique is described that involves minimal cranial
      procedures for modification of an already installed ventriculoperitoneal shunt
      system.

PMID- 956883
TI  - Persistent hypoglossal artery associated with aneurysms. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of persistent hypoglossal artery associated with aneurysm are
      presented. In one case the aneurysm arose from the anterior communicating artery
      and in the other from the persistent hypoglossal artery itself. Both aneurysms
      were treated successfully with direct surgery.

PMID- 956884
TI  - Coincidental meningioma and glioma. Report of two cases.

PMID- 956885
TI  - Letter: Wound healing in neurosurgery.

PMID- 956887
TI  - Letter: Re thoughtless comments.

PMID- 956886
TI  - Letter: Painful ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 956888
TI  - Letter: Determination of the hydrostatic indifferent point.

PMID- 956889
TI  - Letter: Interhemispheric ependymoma.

PMID- 956890
TI  - Letter: Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 956891
TI  - Value of routine cerebral radionuclide angiography in pediatric brain imaging.
AB  - In addition to static brain images, cerebral radionuclide angiograms (CRAGs) were
      performed in 1,051 children to determine the value of routine radionuclide
      angiography. The CRAG resulted in a statistically significant increase in
      detection of abnormalities (p less than 0.01), as it provided the only evidence
      of confirmed abnormalities in 60 children (5.7%). The CRAG helped detect subdural
      fluid collections, cerebrovascular disease, and cerebral cysts, but it was of
      little value in detecting hydrocephalus. For maximum diagnostic yield, a CRAG
      should be performed with all pediatric brain-imaging studies.

PMID- 956892
TI  - Routine renal imaging after 99mTc-glucoheptonate brain scans.
AB  - Immediately after brain scanning with 99mTc-glucoheptonate, the kidneys were
      imaged in 200 prospectively studied cases. Abnormalities were found in 22 cases
      (11%); they included renal metastases, renal cysts, and kidney displacement or
      obstruction by masses. In five instances, significant previously unknown
      abnormalities were found. The renal contours were usually better seen than on
      intravenous urograms or bone scans. Most kidney studies could be completed in
      less than 2 min, making renal imaging worthwhile as a low-cost high-yield routine
      addition to brain scanning.

PMID- 956893
TI  - Persistent dural cerebrospinal fluid leak shown by retrograde radionuclide
      myelography: case report.
AB  - Following inadvertent spinal anesthesia for delivery, a patient developed
      incapacitating post-lumbar puncture headache that persisted for 9 weeks.
      Scintigrams of the lumbar region, obtained after injection of 99mTC-human serum
      albumin into the cisterna magna, showed the cerebrospinal fluid leak. Blood patch
      repair was carried out, with immediate relief of all symptoms. Because of
      subsequent atypical headaches, a second cisternogram was done by the same
      technique. This study confirmed that there was no further dural leak, and other
      evidence indicated that the recurrent headache was related to functional
      problems.

PMID- 956894
TI  - Tissue distribution of 203 Pb-acetate: comparison with 67 Ga-citrate as an
      abscess-localizing agent.
AB  - Since 203Pb-acetate accumulates in necrotic tumor tissue, the possibility was
      raised that it might also accumulate in other necrotic tissue such as abscess. We
      first studied the tissue distribution and excretion of 203Pb-acetate in control
      rats at 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. An enterohepatic circulation for lead is
      suggested. We then compared the uptakes of 203Pb-acetate and 67Ga-citrate in
      experimental abscesses in rats. The mean gallium accumulation in the abscess was
      10 times that of lead at 24 hr and 12 times that of lead at 72 hr. The abscess-to
      tissue ratios were greater for gallium for every tissue examined, although the
      abscessed areas were clearly visualized by scanning at 24 and 72 hr with both
      agents. With the exception of blood, abscess-to-tissue ratios for 67Ga at 24 hr
      were higher than or equal to those at 72 hr. However, the 67Ga ratios for the
      inflamed tissue surrounding the abscess to muscle and blood were higher at 72 hr
      than at 24 hr, which suggests that inflammation without abscess might be better
      identified by gallium scanning at 72 hr.

PMID- 956895
TI  - Preparation of a chemically characterized 99mTc-penicillamine complex.
AB  - In the reaction labeling penicillamine with 99mTc, serveral different chemical
      states of 99mTc were observed to occur with slight changes in the labeling
      conditions, such as the concentrations of penicillamine, 99mTcO4-, stannous
      chloride, and hydrogen ion. We have studied the effects of these conditions on
      the formation of the monomer complex that we call Complex I, in which 99mTc is
      coordinated with the penicillamine as 99mTcO+2. Our approach is based on the
      thesis that Complex I formation competes with 99mTcO+2 hydrolysis, which leads to
      other 99mTc complexes. On this basis, the specific labeling conditions for
      Complex I formation have been established. Highly reproducible in vivo behavior
      in mice and rats was obtained with this chemically controlled Complex I.

PMID- 956896
TI  - Technetium-99m-kethoxal-bis(thiosemicarbazone), an uncharged complex with a
      tetravalent 99mTc state, and its excretion into the bile.
AB  - Technetium-99m-kethoxal-bis (thiosemicarbazone) complex (99mTc-KTS), a
      potentially useful radiopharmaceutical for cholescintigraphy, is prepared by the
      reaction of KTS with 99mTcO4- in the presence of stannous chloride. Under the
      described conditions, a complex extractable with organic solvent was detected.
      Thin-layer chromatography, electrophoresis, and spectrometric analysis indicate
      the formation of an uncharged 99mTc(IV) complex. Organ distribution and biliary
      excretion studies are described. The complex showed a marked highly reproducible
      accumulation in the gallbladder.

PMID- 956897
TI  - Gonadal radiation dose and its genetic significance in radioiodine therapy of
      hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Published estimates of radiation dose to the gonads from 131I therapy of Graves'
      disease vary widely, largely because of differences in assumptions regarding the
      details of iodine kinetics. The calculations described in this paper show that
      hyperthyroid patients treated with 10 mCi of 131I will usually receive a total
      radiation dose to the ovaries or testes of less than 3 rad. Several common
      roentgenographic diagnostic procedures may involve a greater radiation dose and a
      greater genetic hazard than does the usual 131I treatment for hyperthyroidism. It
      is important to minimize total exposure to radiation, but it seems unreasonable
      to deny 131I treatment for hyperthyroidism to young men and nonpregnant young
      women on the grounds of genetic hazard alone.

PMID- 956898
TI  - Estimates of radiation dose to the embryo from nuclear medicine procedures.
AB  - These phantom studies and computer calculations provide a direct means of
      estimating the radiation dose to the embryo resulting from the administration of
      a radiopharmaceutical to the mother during organogenesis. The specific absorbed
      fractions to the embryo from 19 source organs were computed for 12 monoenergetic
      photon energies. Tables of absorbed dose per unit cumulated activity, S, for the
      embryo as a target organ have been assembled for 99mTc, 111In, 113mIn, 123I,
      131I, and 133Xe. In addition, the dose to the embryo was calculated for several
      of the radiopharmaceuticals for which the MIRD Committee has published dose
      estimate reports.

PMID- 956899
TI  - Contamination from 131I, 103Ru, and 239Np in the eluate of 99Mo-99mTc generators
      loaded with (n, gamma)-produced 99Mo.
AB  - Iodine-131, ruthenium-103, and neptunium-239 are present as contaminants in the
      eluate of 99Mo-99mTc generators loaded with 99Mo prepared by thermal-neutron
      irradiation of enriched 98Mo. The elution pattern of each of these contaminants
      is determined, together with the amounts found in the eluate of all generators
      tested over a 7-month period.

PMID- 956900
TI  - Digital low-pass filtering.
AB  - Random noise beyond the maximum signal frequency of the imaging system can be
      removed by low-pass filtering without compromising signal transmission.

PMID- 956901
TI  - Iodine-125-digoxin radioimmunoassay: comparison of commercial kits.
AB  - Iodine-125-digoxin radioimmunoassay kits available from Abbott Diagnostics (AD),
      Dade Division (D), Schwarz/Mann (SM), and Clinical Assays (CA) were evaluated
      with respect to assay quality. The kit accuracies did not differ significantly at
      2.0 ng/ml and the interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 9% (AD) to
      21.4% (CA) The accuracy for all kits above 4 ng/ml is questionable, and since
      serum-dilution values correlated well with undiluted serum values, the dilution
      method of dose quantitation is preferable for levels above 4 ng/ml. Although all
      the kits were adequate, for evaluating digoxin at the 2ng/ml level, the Abott kit
      seems to be of slightly better quality.

PMID- 956902
TI  - Letter: Splenic accumulation of 99mTc-diphosphonate.

PMID- 956903
TI  - Letter: Liver-spleen scan in sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 956904
TI  - Letter: Effects of iron on 67Ga uptake.

PMID- 956905
TI  - Letter: Asymptomatic superior vena cava obstruction.

PMID- 956906
TI  - Dietary influence on bile acid conjugation in the cat.
AB  - Cats fed a semipurified diet containing casein as the source of protein develop
      taurine deficiency. In order to establish whether this had an adverse effect on
      bile, kittens and adult cats were fed the casein diet or that diet with a
      supplement of taurine, cystine, or methionine, and gall bladder bile was
      characterized for its taurine-glycine conjugation and the cholesterol:
      phospholipid: bile acid ratio. The data indicate that cats conjugate their bile
      acids almost exclusively with taurine, and though plasma and retinal pools of
      taurine are largely depleted by feeding the casein diet, the conjugation of bile
      acids is only moderately affected. A major conversion to glycine conjugation did
      not occur, but free cholic acid did increase with decreased taurine conjugation.
      Dietary supplements of methionine or cystine, precursors of taurine, failed to
      satisfy the taurine requirement for bile acids in kittens whereas methionine
      appeared to satisfy this requirement in adult cats. The cholesterol:
      phospholipid: bile acid profile was not appreciably altered by these dietary
      circumstances. It would appear that kittens may require dietary taurine and that
      taurine pools in cats may be biologically independent of one another.

PMID- 956907
TI  - Decreased plasma insulin but normal glucagon in rats fed low protein diets.
AB  - Plasma glucagon and insulin were determined in rats fed three diets, one control
      and two low protein (LP 1 & LP 2). In LP 1, the protein omitted was replaced by
      carbohydrate while in LP 2, fat and alpha-cellulose replaced the omitted protein.
      Among rats fed LP diets ad libitum, food consumption decreased and body weight
      loss occurred. In order to separate the effects of reduced food intake and weight
      loss from the effects of LP diet alone, paired feeding and paired weight
      experiments were conducted. In another experiment, ingestion of a LP diet for 8
      to 10 days was followed by refeeding the control diet for 5 days. The results
      demonstrate that plasma insulin was reduced in LP rats compared to the full-fed
      controls and pair-fed controls, the lowest levels being observed in rats fed LP 2
      diet. Furthermore, the paired feeding experiment revealed that the diminished
      food consumption plays no significant role in lowering plasma insulin in LP rats.
      The refeeding experiment showed that the decline in plasma insulin in LP rats is
      a transient phenomenon and the plasma insulin promptly reverts to normal upon
      resumption of feeding the control diet. Plasma glucagon was unaltered throughout
      these dietary manipulations.

PMID- 956908
TI  - Teratogenic effects of magnesium deficiency in rats.
AB  - The effect of severe magnesium deficiency on plasma magnesium levels in pregnant
      and nonpregnant rats and on reproduction was investigated. Magnesium deficiency
      produced a rapid fall in plasma magnesium concentration, in both pregnant and
      nonpregnant rats. At term, all implantation sites of pregnant rats fed a diet
      severely deficient in magnesium showed total fetal resorption. When pregnant
      females were fed the magnesium deficient diet only between days 6 and 14 of
      gestation, there was a high incidence of resorptions and gross malformations were
      seen in full term fetuses. The results demonstrate the rapidity of the effects of
      severe magnesium deficiency in pregnant rats and indicate the importance of the
      element for embryonic development.

PMID- 956909
TI  - Magnesium, calcium and zinc levels of maternal and fetal tissues in magnesium
      deficient rats.
AB  - The interaction of magnesium with two other mineral elements, calcium and zinc,
      was studied in maternal tissues and fetuses of pregnant rats fed a magnesium
      deficient diet throughout gestation. Reduction in maternal femur magnesium and a
      trend for increased kidney calcium reflected the dietary magnesium deficiency. In
      fetuses, however, total magnesium content was reduced and , in addition, fetal
      zinc content was also lower than normal in the group most severly deficient in
      magnesium. The possible interpretation of this magnesium-zinc interaction is
      discussed.

PMID- 956910
TI  - Enhancement of Ca++ uptake by lactose in the rat small intestine.
AB  - In previous experiments, lactose was shown to increase the absorption of Ca++ by
      the small intestine of the rat and other mammals. To further investigate the
      mechanism of the lactose effect, Ca++ uptake was studied in everted gut sac
      preparations. Gut sacs from the rat ileum were preincubated with or without
      lactose for 45 minutes, and then the tissue uptake of 45Ca over the first 3
      minutes was measured in the presence or absence of lactose. The presence of 160
      mM lactose increased the initial rate of Ca++ uptake in the first minute by 64%
      compared to the NaCl control. The lactose effect was dependent on the presence of
      lactose in the preincubation medium only and not on the presence of lactose
      during the measurement of Ca++ uptake. Lactose increased Ca++ absorption when the
      Ca++ concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 10 mM. However, the magnitude of the
      enhancement was dependent on the lactose concentration and was reduced below 160
      mM lactose. When Ca++ and lactose uptake during a 45 minute period was measured
      in parallel experiments, no evidence for the co-transport of lactose and Ca++
      into the tissue was found. These and other data indicated that lactose is not
      interacting directly with Ca++ in solution but is interacting with the absorptive
      cells of the intestine to increase their permeability to Ca++.

PMID- 956911
TI  - Fractors affecting the rate of gluconeogenesis from L-cysteine in the perfused
      rat liver.
AB  - It has been shown that the net rate of gluconeogenesis from cysteine was only 10%
      the rate observed from pyruvate. This suggested that the rate limiting step in
      gluconeogenesis from cysteine was between cysteine and pyruvate. Evidence is
      presented showing that the cysteine-sulfinate pathway does not play a regulating
      role in the conversion of cysteine to glucose. Thus, liver cysteine desulfhydrase
      (CDS) activity and hydrogen sulfide production were evaluated for their potential
      effects. Liver CDS activity was increased by a 3 day starvation, by feeding a 90%
      casein diet or a 4% cysteine + 86% casein diet. In all cases the activity of the
      enzyme was in excess of that required to account for the rate of conversion of
      cysteine to glucose observed, thus the potential activity of this enzyme was not
      a rate limiting factor. The possible effect of H2S, an end product of the CDS
      reaction, on gluconeogenesis from cysteine was evaluated. The addition of NaHS
      abolished the glucogenic response observed from cysteine, but had very little
      effect on glucoeogenesis from lactate, suggesting that accumulated H2S may
      inhibit CDS, marking CDS rate limiting in the conversion of cysteine to pyruvate.

PMID- 956912
TI  - Comparison of the binding of various bile acids and bile salts in vitro by
      several types of fiber.
AB  - The binding in vitro of the sodium salts of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid,
      deoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic
      acid, glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and glycodeoxycholic acid by
      alfalfa, bran, cellulose, lignin, and cholestyramine was measured. Cholestyramine
      bound an average of 81.3% of all the bile acids and salts tested whereas
      cellulose bound only negligible amounts (1.4%). Of the other substances tested,
      lignin bound 29.2%, alfalfa, 15.9% and bran, 9.0%. No distinct pattern of binding
      was discerned. It is therefore apparent that the validity of statements
      concerning the effect of fiber on bile salf metabolism rests upon the specificity
      of the composition of the fiber involved and the bile acids or salts tested.

PMID- 956913
TI  - Changes in patterns of feeding activity, parotid secretory enzymes and plasma
      corticosterone in developing rats.
AB  - The diet and feeding patterns of developing rats were determined from feed bin
      weight losses and analysis of stomach contents (details in a previous report).
      Parotid gland development in the same rats was assessed from the specific
      activities of the secretory enzymes alpha-amylase, RNase and DNase, with
      particular attention to the occurrence of circadian variations. The results
      indicate that during the first week post partum, rats suckle much more by day
      than by night but have no circadian cycles in their parotid glands. Between 10
      and 20 days, there were no consistent cycles either in feeding activity or in
      parotid enzymes. The progressive change from milk to stock diet between 14 and 30
      days appears to promote the maturation of the parotid gland. The halfway point in
      the dietary change at 21 days coincides with the onset of inversely related
      circadian cycles in feeding and the parotid enzymes. Premature weaning at 21 days
      accentuates both cycles and accelerates parotid maturation. The findings indicate
      that the physical consistency of the diet has an imporant regulatory role in the
      developmental patterns of feeding activity and parotid glands of rats, but they
      also hint that other dietary qualities may be involved. Chronologic fluctuations
      in plasma corticosterone suggest an intricate relationship among this hormone,
      feeding behavior, and parotid glands in developing rats.

PMID- 956914
TI  - Effects in the rat of environmental temperature, diet dilution and treadmill
      running on voluntary food intake, body composition and endocrine organ mass: a
      multiple regression analysis.
AB  - The effects upon weight gain, food intake, carcass composition, and weight of
      pituitary, adrenals, and testes of male rats subjected to three environmental
      temperatures (T; 16.0 degrees, 23.5 degrees, and 31.0 degrees), five diet
      dilution rates (D; 0%, 12.5% 25.0%, 37.5%, and 50.0%), and five daily treadmill
      running periods (E; 10 minutes, 40 minutes, 70 minutes, 100 minutes, and 130
      minutes) were studied by multiple regression techniques. Equations describing
      regression surfaces could contain significant linear and/or quadratic
      coefficients of the independent variables (T, D, and E) and their first order
      interactions. Body weight attained was reduced by increased D and T. Total food
      intake increased linearly with increases in D, but this increase was smaller for
      the rats in the higher environmental temperature since there was a significant DT
      interaction. Total food intake was decreased by increases in T. The intake of
      food minus diluent was maintained until D attained a value of 37.5%; beyond this
      point the rats at all three temperatures failed to maintain digestible energy
      intake. The data strongly suggested that the energy intake was not limited by the
      gastrointestinal tract capacity. E did not significantly affect food intake.
      Significant regression coefficients were found for the dependent variables of
      body dry matter, nitrogen, ash, ether extract, and energy and of the weight of
      depot fat pads, adrenals, and testes, as follows: (1) For D, there was no linear
      coefficient for body nitrogen. All remaining linear coefficients were negative
      except for body ash. The only quadratic coefficients (both positive) were for
      adrenal and testes weights (2) For E, all linear coeffcients were negative except
      those for body nitrogen, body ash, and adrenal weight. There were not quadratic
      coefficients for body nitrogen, body ash, adrenal weight, and testes weight. The
      remaining quadratic coefficients were all positive; (3) For T, there was no
      quadratic coefficient for body energy. The remaining linear coefficients were
      positive except those for fat deposit size, body ether extract, and adrenal
      weight. The remaining quadratic coefficients were negative except those for fat
      deposit size, body ether extract, and adrenal weight; (4) For the DE interaction,
      no coefficients were significant; (5) For the DT interaction, there were no
      significant coefficients for body nitrogen, fat depot size, or adrenal weight.
      The remaining coefficients were positive except for body ash; (6) For the ET
      interaction, the only significant coefficients were negative ones for body ether
      extract and body energy and a positive one for testes weight.

PMID- 956915
TI  - Controlling factors in the development of ceruloplasmin in pigs during the
      neonatal growth period.
AB  - The sequence of ceruloplasmin development and limiting factors controlling this
      process in neonatal piglets was studied in a randomized block design. Guided by
      the change in serum ceruloplasmin levels, the liver copper concentrations of
      piglets fed copper-deficient and copper-supplemented diets were compared in three
      different periods. The plasma of piglets was devoid of both apo- and holo
      ceruloplasmin at birth. The system responsible for the synthesis of
      apoceruloplasmin developed shortly after birth as indicated by a steady increase
      in serum ceruloplasmin activity during the first week without being affected by
      the diet. Copper apparently was not the limiting factor at this stage since very
      high concentrations of copper were found in the livers of newborn piglets.
      However, the liver copper was depleted quickly within 1 to 2 weeks and became the
      limiting factor if the diet was deficient in copper. The livers of these piglets
      were fractionated by differential centrifugation to compare the liver copper
      distribution in the two dietary groups with and without copper supplementation.
      The treatments did not affect the copper distribution on a percentage of total
      liver copper basis. However, fractionation study revealed that, unlike adult pig
      livers, about 70% to 80% of copper was present in the heavier particle fractions
      of piglet livers.

PMID- 956916
TI  - Adipose tissue cell size and lipolysis in the rat: response to exercise intensity
      and food restriction.
AB  - This experiment was designed to determine if the adaptive increase in adipose
      tissue epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis (ESL) observed in exercise trained rats
      is related to decreased adipocyte size or a direct response to exercise. Two
      levels of treadmill exercise and three levels of food restriction were imposed on
      male rats over a 12 week experimental period to create a distribution of adipose
      tissue cell sizes. Epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis was subsequently measured in
      the isolated adipocytes from rats trained at two different exercise levels and in
      untrained rats fed either ad libitum or 16%, 27%, or 35% dietary restriction.
      Energy restriction was effective in reducing body weight and to some extent
      epididymal fat pad weight; however, adipocyte size and number were not
      significantly affected. Exercise in both groups of trained rats was effective in
      reducing adipocyte size; however, cell size did not differ between training
      groups. The group receiving the greatest amount of daily exercise had
      significantly greater ESL indicating that the adaptive increase in lipolytic
      potential seen in adipose tissue of exercise trained rats is a true metabolic
      adaptation not secondary to reduced cell size.

PMID- 956917
TI  - Amino acid requirements of the growing mouse.
AB  - Using diets based on rat amino acid requirements, containing 2.0% nitrogen and
      4.1 digestible kcal/g, the dietary levels of ten essential amino acids required
      for normal post-weaning growth of Swiss X Carworth Farms No. 1 crossbred mice
      were estimated. The response criteria used were growth rate, dry matter intake,
      energy and protein contents of body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and
      apparent biological value. Maximum responses were obtained when the dietary dry
      matter contained less than or equal 0.3% arginine, 0.2% histidine, 0.4%
      isoleucine, 0.7% leucine, less than or equal 0.4% lysine, 0.5% methionine, less
      than or equal 0.4% phenylalanine, 0.4% threonine, less than or equal 0.1%
      tryptophan and 0.5% valine.

PMID- 956918
TI  - Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for channel catfish fingerlings,
      Ictalurus punctatus.
AB  - Twenty-one semipurified diets were formulated to determine the optimum
      protein:energy ratio (P/E) for channel catfish fingerlings. Seven crude protein
      levels and three energy levels at each protein level were utilized. The protein,
      lipid, and digestible carbohydrate sources were hexane-extracted whole egg
      powder, salmon-corn oil mixture, and white dextrin, respectively. After an
      initial 2 week conditioning period, the experimental diets were fed in triplicate
      to groups of 30 +/- 3 channel catfish fingerlings weighing 205 +/- 10 g and kept
      in 110 liter flow-through aquaria at 26.7 +/- 1.1 degrees. The diets were fed at
      a rate equalling 3% of the total wet body weight/day divided into three equal
      feedings and adjusted weekly for 9 weeks. An approximate fivefold increase in
      body weight was observed. These data indicate that the concept of P/E ratios must
      be restricted to diets containing adequate levels of protein and total energy.
      Based on average daily gain, diets containing energy levels between 275 and 341
      kcal/100 g had an optimum P/E ratio of approximately 88 (24-36% crude protein).
      Diets containing 24% crude protein and 275 kcal/100 g diet appeared to be
      utilized more efficiently in terms of percent protein deposited than diets
      containing higher crude protein levels.

PMID- 956919
TI  - Letter: Utilization of methionine analogues.

PMID- 956920
TI  - Letter: Protein and amino acid requirements of chicks, rats and man.

PMID- 956921
TI  - Convulsive seizure induced by intracerebral injection of semicarbazide (an anti
      vitamin B6) in the mouse.
AB  - The direct injection of semicarbazide (SC), an antivitamin B6 (anti-B6), into the
      lateral ventricle of the mouse brain induced convulsion and tremors at a smaller
      dose after a shorter latent period than that in systemic administration. The
      symptoms were prevented by pyridoxine, aminooxyacetic acid or acetone, while they
      enhanced by pyridoxal, pyridoxal phosphate, or some other anti-B6. In mice fed a
      vitamin B6 (B6)-deficient diet, convulsion and tremors occurred at smaller doses
      of SC than those in mice given control food, and were counteracted by pyridoxine.
      On the other hand, mice into which SC had been injected in the neighboring site
      of the lambda first showed running fits, which was followed by convulsion and
      tremors.

PMID- 956922
TI  - Cardiac action of thiamine derivatives in guinea pig atria.
AB  - Pharmacological studies were performed on allithiamine (TAD), thiamine propyl
      disulfide (TPD), and thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) to investigate
      positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects seen when they are applied
      to spontaneous beats in isolated guinea pig atria at concentrations higher than
      10-5 g/ml. 1. The effects of thiamine 8-(methyl-6-acetyldihydrothioacetate)
      disulfide (TATD) and thiamine hydroxyethyl disulfide (TOED) at 5 x 10-4 were
      slight, and those of dibenzoyl thiamine (DBT) and thiamine were limited at any
      concentration. 2. Dimethyl propyl disulfide (DMPD) which has anti-thiamine
      activity, showed these effects at concentrations higher than 10-5. 3. The
      negative chronotropic effect of TAD, TPD, and TTFD was not influenced by the
      prior application of atropine, and the positive inotropic effect was not
      influenced by propranolol. 4. The effects of TTFD on the electrically driven left
      atrial muscle were remarkable when the muscle was driven at low frequency, while
      they were less remarkable at high frequency. 5. The decrease in tension of the
      electrically driven left atria induced by mersalyl at 5 x 10-4 g/ml was recovered
      by the subsequent addition of TTFD or TPD at 5 x 10-4 as well as dimercaprol at 5
      x 10-5. From the results, it was assumed that (a) the effects of TAD, TPD and
      TTFD might relate to their common chemical structure of the disulfide, especially
      to the alkyldisulfide chain, (b) the effects are irrevelant to their common
      activity as an vitamin B1 and to either cholinergic or adrenergic effect, and (c)
      a mutual dependence is seen between the positive inotropic effect and the
      negative chronotropic effect.

PMID- 956923
TI  - Effects of low temperature and electrical (square wave) stimulation on
      spontaneous contractions in isolated guinea pig atria and influence of thiamine
      tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) on these effects.
AB  - The spontaneous contractions of isolated guinea pig atria were arrested by a
      temperature change in the medium for 30 to 20 degrees C within 20 min. 2. When
      thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl sulfide (TTFD) at concentration of 10-5 g/ml was
      added in the medium, the arrest was not seen for more than 30 min. 3. Arrhythmic
      contractions induced by the electrical square wave stimulation of threshold
      intensity were prevented by TTFD at 10-4 g/ml which was added to the medium. 4.
      These effects of TTFD at respective concentrations were seen even 30 min after
      the drug was removed from the medium, when the atria had been pre-incubated with
      the drug for one hour before the removal. 5. From these results, it was assumed
      that TTFD might show these effects against the extrinsic physical invasions
      through the stabilization of the tissue membrane.

PMID- 956924
TI  - Effect of diet on the circadian rhythm in the digestive enzymes of rat small
      intestine.

PMID- 956925
TI  - Relationship between serum vitamin E levels and serum cholesterol in normal
      adults in rural regions of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.
AB  - Serum vitamin E and cholesterol levels were determined for the residents in rural
      regions of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The average serum vitamin E were 0.99 +/-
      0.25 mg/100ml in 166 men, and 1.06 +/- 0.26 mg/100ml in 178 women. Only 0.6% of
      the subjects were below 0.5 mg/100 ml. There was a significant difference between
      the serum vitamin E levels of men and women. However there were no statistically
      significant differences among serum vitamin E of various age groups. The best
      correlation for serum vitamin E was found with serum cholesterol.

PMID- 956926
TI  - Effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on collagen metabolism in rats.
AB  - The effects of VB6 deficiency on collagen metabolism were studied using young and
      adult rats. It was observed in VB6 deficient rats, that both the amount of
      urinary hydroxyproline and salt soluble fraction of skin collagen decreased.
      Furthermore, decrease of the alpha-component and increase of the beta-component
      were also found in the soluble collagen. However, the activity of plasma amine
      oxidase was lower and the aldehyde content in the acid soluble collagen were also
      lower than the control group. These changes were revealed more clearly in young
      growing rats than in adult rats. Based on these results, it may be that VB6
      participates in the allysine (alpha-amino-adipic-delta-semialdehyde) formation
      which is considered as the first step of collagen maturation and also in the
      synthesis of protocollagen peptide chains.

PMID- 956927
TI  - Effects of riboflavin deficiency on the lipids of rat liver.
AB  - Newly weaned male rats were maintained on a riboflavin-free diet for 5 weeks, and
      a study was made on the effect of the deficiency upon liver lipids. The content
      of glyceride in the livers varied among the deficient rats. High contents of
      glyceride were demonstrated in one-third of the deficient rats, whereas the
      similar level as that of control was shown in the remaining deficient rats.
      Contents of phospholipids and relative amounts of individual phospholipids were
      not altered significantly by the deficiency. Riboflavin deficiency exerted
      effects on fatty acid components of liver lipids. The composition of fatty acids
      of triglycerides varied in the deficient rats depending on the content of
      glycerides. However trends of increase in linoleic acid and decrease in palmitic
      acid towards fatty liver were observed in the deficiency in comparison with the
      control. On the other hand, the changes in phospholipid fatty acids were similar
      in all deficient rats, and the increase in linoleic acid and the decrease in
      arachidonic acid were brought about by the deficiency compared with controls,
      respectively. In liver homogenates, the incorporation of 14C-palmitate into
      triglycerides was higher in the deficient rats irrespective of the presence or
      absence of fluorde but incorporation into phospholipids was slightly lower in the
      deficient rats than in control animals.

PMID- 956928
TI  - Intestinal absorption of beta-alanine, anserine and carnosine in rats.
AB  - Absorption beta-alanine, anserine or carnosine from rat intestine was studied in
      vivo by a force feeding method and in vitro using an everted sac method.
      Possibility of anserine and carnosine hydrolysis prior to intestinal absorption
      was also investigated using a glycylleucine dipeptidase-containing fraction
      prepared from rat intestine. The following results were obtained. 1) Anserine and
      carnosine were absorbed as they were from rat small intestine. 2) Both anserine
      and carnosine were partially hydrolyzed in vitro by the glycylleucine dipeptidase
      containing fraction. Carnosine was hydrolyzed faster than anserine. The above
      rather conflicting results suggest that physiological amounts of anserine and
      carnosine might be absorbed from rat small intestine in dipeptide forms.

PMID- 956929
TI  - Alanine metabolism in pyridoxine-depleted rat liver.
AB  - Alanine metabolism in normal and pyridoxine-deficient rats was studied in vivo
      and in vitro. Incorporation of 14C-alanine into various liver components was
      determined and no difference was shown between normal and deficient animals in
      the incorporation into liver homogenates, lipid, protein and plasma glucose.
      Using the liver slice syste, gluconeogenic activity from alanine or pyruvate was
      40% lower in deficient rats compared with the activity of normal rats. However,
      inhibition was completely removed by the addition of 2-oxoglutarate to alanine.
      Penicillamine did not affect glucose formation alanine in the liver slice.

PMID- 956930
TI  - Effects of carnitine administration, fasting, and exercise on urinary carnitine
      excretion in man.
AB  - 1. In this study, the carnitine level in 24-hr urine has been determined in
      males, (a) before and after a single dose of 500 mg (as carnitine) of DL
      carnitine chloride, (b) during fasting, and (c) before and after a severe running
      program (3 x 2,000 m/8-8.5 min). 2. After the administration of DL-carnitine
      chloride, the urinary carnitine excretion was increased by only approximately 10%
      of the dose, suggesting a large body pool size of carnitine. 3. Urinary carnitine
      excretion was significantly increased during five-day fasting; a maximum level of
      2.17 +/- 0.24 (mean and SD) mmoles/day was 4.6 times higher than the usual level
      of 0.47 +/- 0.10 mmoles/day (p less than 0.001). Respiratory quotients (RQ)
      decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) from the control value of 0.81 +/-
      0.03 to the value of 0.75 +/- .02 after five-day fasting and was significantly
      correlated with urinary carnitine levels (r = 0.62, p less than 0.05). 4. The
      urinary excretion of carnitine increased slightly with heavy running exercise. 5.
      The results are discussed in relation to the physiologic regulation of the rate
      of carnitine synthesis.

PMID- 956931
TI  - Ultracytochemical studies on the effects of thiamine and thiamine
      tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide on acetylcholinesterase activity in guinea pig
      atria.
AB  - As a result of histological and ultracytochemical investigations concerning the
      influence of thiamine and its disulfide derivative, thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl
      disulfide (TTFD), on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in extirpated guinea pig atria,
      it was found that there was a clear increase in the AChE activity by 10(-4) M
      TTFD, a weak increase with 10(-5) M and an extremely weak increase, about the
      same as that in only the nutrient (Locke's solution), with 5 x 10(-4) M. However,
      with 10(-4) M of thiamine there was a tendency for the activity to be the same
      degree as with Lock's solution alone or be even inhibited at times.

PMID- 956932
TI  - In vivo incorporation of glucose carbon into brain and liver proteins in biotin
      deficient rats.
AB  - The in vivo utilization of D[U-14C]glucose with particular reference to its
      incorporation into brain and liver proteins was studied in biotin-deficient rats.
      The data show a significant reduction in the incorporation of glucose carbon into
      brain and liver proteins. A disturbance in the intermediary metabolism of glucose
      to be one of the factors responsible for the decreased incorporation of the label
      into proteins in biotin deficiency.

PMID- 956933
TI  - Letters to the Editor: Occupational lung disease.

PMID- 956934
TI  - Facing today's issues.

PMID- 956935
TI  - Management of occupational health records.

PMID- 956936
TI  - Confidentiality versus the need to know.

PMID- 956937
TI  - Legal aspects of medical confidentiality in the occupational setting.
AB  - The law of confidentiality of medical information in the occupational setting is
      undeveloped and subject to change. Nevertheless, when a physician-patient
      relationship is established, all of the traditional trappings, including the duty
      to maintain confidences, go along with it. In other settings, such as
      preemployment physicals, examinees implicitly consent for their "fitness' for the
      job to be disclosed, but do not assume that specific findings will be disclosed
      without their informed and written consent. To promote physician automony and
      worker confidence in the occupational physician, an explicit policy of
      confidentiality should be developed and agreed to by both management and workers.
      This policy should spell out the conditions under which specific information will
      be made available to the employer and should guarantee the confidentiality of all
      other medical information. Workers should also be given routine access to their
      medical files, and offered the chance to refute and have amended information in
      them that they can demonstrate is inaccurate. In short, workers in the
      occupational setting should, in general, be treated like private patients. Such a
      policy will satisfy both the law and the ethical standards of physicians, and
      will promote worker trust in the occupational physician.

PMID- 956938
TI  - Long-term mortality study of steelworkers.
AB  - This study examines the cause-specific mortality of men employed as masons in the
      steel industry. Their mortality experience is compared with the mortality
      predicted by the age--and race--specific death rates for a control group
      consisting of those steelworkers whose first job in 1953 was not in the mason
      department. The relative risks of dying from selected causes were highly
      dependent on race. The most important observations are: (1) The nonwhites have an
      overall excess risk when compared to the nonmason group. This excess is not
      confined to any particular category and appears to be due to the cumulative
      effect of an excess in many different categories. (2) The white masons have an
      excess risk for nonmalignant respiratory disease. Furthermore, this risk
      increases with length of exposure. (3) The whites have an excess risk for
      respiratory cancer when compared to the nonmason group. This excess is not
      present in the later years of the follow-up period. (4) The interpretation of the
      findings for cardiovascular disease remain unclear. Results for cerebral vascular
      disease and hypertensive disease in nonwhites are suggestive, but need further
      investigation before any strong statements can be made.

PMID- 956939
TI  - Moving as perceived by executives and their families.

PMID- 956940
TI  - Variations of pulmonary function amongst workers in cotton mills.
AB  - Lung function studies and clinical examinations of 493 workers in eight cotton
      mills in New South Wales revealed 12 workers with byssinosis. The reasons for the
      low incidence of byssinosis in view of relatively high cotton dust in air
      concentrations are discussed briefly.

PMID- 956941
TI  - Development of workplace environment standards in foreign countries. Pt 3.-
      Procedures for Development of MAC values in the USSR.

PMID- 956942
TI  - Recommendations for a xylene standard. Commentary 1.

PMID- 956943
TI  - Recommendations for a xylene standard. Commentary 2.

PMID- 956944
TI  - UV keratoconjunctivitis vs. established dose effect relationships.

PMID- 956945
TI  - Letter: Computations for Twersky's theory of corneal transparency based on Hart
      Farrell's swelling pressure.

PMID- 956946
TI  - Application of long-range spin-spin couplings in biosynthetic studies.

PMID- 956947
TI  - Preparation of intermediates for uroporphyrin synthesis.

PMID- 956948
TI  - Studies on biologically active nucleosides and nucleotides. 1. Reactions of
      tetraacetoxysilane with pyrimidine ribonucleosides.

PMID- 956949
TI  - C-glycosyl nucleosides. 9. An approach to the synthesis of purine-related C
      glycosides.

PMID- 956950
TI  - Pyridopyrimidines. 5. N-oxidations and rearrangements in the pyrido[2,3
      d]pyrimidine series.

PMID- 956951
TI  - Preparation and stereochemical analysis of 5-epibenzylpenicillin (S)- and (R)
      sulfoxide esters.

PMID- 956952
TI  - Derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine for peptide synthesis.

PMID- 956953
TI  - Experimental allergic sialoadenitis. VIII. Acute parotitis following intraductal
      instillation of antiserum to salivary antigens in the rat.
AB  - Antiserum to ammonium sulphate-soluble proteins of rat saliva was raised in
      rabbits. The introduction of this antiserum, via the excretory duct, into the
      parotid gland of rats induced severe acute sialoadentis. It is suggested that the
      inflammatory response developed as a result of formation of immune complexes,
      composed of acinar epithelial antigens and the antibodies introduced from
      without.

PMID- 956954
TI  - The ultrastructure of benign pigmented naevi and melanocarcinomas in man.
AB  - Nine benign pigmented naevi and 16 melanocarcinomas (malignant melanomas) were
      studied by light and transmission electron microscopy and the fine structure of
      benign and malignant melanocytes is described. It was found that malignant
      melanocytes generally exhibit a range of abnormalities of structure of nuclei and
      cytoplasmic organelles which distinguish them clearly from their benign
      counterparts. Of the abnormalities, those affecting the specific organelle of the
      melanocyte, the melanosome, were the most constantly present. No firm evidence
      was found for the existence of two types of melanosome or two types of
      melanocarcinoma. Although electron microscopy is capable of showing in great
      detail within individual melanocytes many changes which are clearly associated
      with malignancy, the technique does not appear to offer significant advantages
      over light microscopy in determining the diagnosis and prognosis in this group of
      conditions.

PMID- 956955
TI  - Atrophy and apoptosis in the cyclical human endometrium.
AB  - Electron microscopy of human cyclical endometrium indicates that there is
      considerable loss of gland epithelial cells with formation of apoptotic bodies in
      the late secretory, premenstrual and menstrual phases, but also to a lesser
      extent in the proliferative phase. Apoptotic bodies containing nuclear fragments
      may be recognised on light microscopy as basophilic or Feulgen positive granules.
      These granules accumulate in greatest numbers towards the end of the cycle and
      may be used as an additional aid in dating curettings.

PMID- 956956
TI  - The state of knee meniscal fibrocartilage in Liverpool necropsies.
AB  - The state of the fibrocartilaginous menisci of the adult knee joint has been
      studied at necropsies in the city of Liverpool on a random series of 94 white
      Europeans (55 men, 39 women) aged 21 to 94 yr. The left lateral meniscus was
      selected for particular attention; in 20 of the subjects the left medial meniscus
      was also examined. The gross and histological appearance of the superior and
      inferior surfaces of the lateral meniscus and of its free inner edge is described
      and illustrated at various ages. The findings from necropsy specimens indicate
      that the fibrocartilage of the adult meniscus is susceptible to a focal process
      of matrix fraying and splitting which has several features similar to those seen
      in fibrillation of hyaline articular cartilage. Certain differences in detail
      between meniscal and hyaline cartilage in the pattern of cell changes at sites of
      overt splitting are, however, apparent. The implications of the findings are
      discussed in terms of an hypothesis that cartilage fibrillation represents a
      disruption of the collagen framework, and that "wear", of the matrix due to
      mechanical factors plays a major part in its development.

PMID- 956957
TI  - Some effects of phenacetin on the rat.
AB  - Rats aged from 2 to 4 mth were given phenacetin 100 mg/kg/day and 1-14 g/kg/day,
      orally, for up to 26 1/2 wk and 3 wk, respectively. Signs of premature ageing
      such as senile plagues, neurofibrillary tangles and lipofucsin pigment were not
      demonstrated in the brains of these animals.

PMID- 956958
TI  - Computed tomography in children: a new diagnostic technique.

PMID- 956959
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood correlations between changes in disease
      activity and serum complement levels.
AB  - Serial complement component (C3 and C4) determinations were performed in 26
      children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty-one children with SLE had 52
      episodes of C3 depression (mean duration 25 weeks); only 11 of these children had
      active nephritis when serum concentrations of complement were depressed. Fourteen
      children had active rash associated with low C3; in seven of these children rash
      was the only clinical evidence of disease activity. Ten children had active CNS
      disease; in seven children the CNS involvement correlated with low C3. In
      general, variations in serum concentrations of C4 did not reflect changes in SLE
      activity which were not reflected by changes in serum concentrations of C3. Serum
      C4 occasionally remained depressed longer than C3, perhaps reflecting continuing
      subclinical disease activity. Increased C3 occurred in 18 of 26 children as doses
      of corticosteroid were increased, in six of 14 when cyclophosphamide was added,
      and in two children when hydroxychloroquine was added. Our findings suggest that
      a wide variety of manifestations of childhood SLE may produce hypocomplementemia.
      In addition to renal disease, variations in serum concentrations of C3 and C4 can
      reflect, or occasionally predict, changes in rash and CNS disease.

PMID- 956960
TI  - Nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus in children.
AB  - Twenty-five patients, aged six to 18 years, with lupus nephritis, followed for
      two to 103 months (median 22 months), have been classified according to renal
      histology into groups with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (18), focal
      proliferative nephritis (2), and membranous nephropathy (5). Correlations have
      been made among specific histologic groups, clinical findings, renal function
      studies, urinary findings, and response to therapy. In sequential renal biopsies,
      lesions progressed in most patients with diffuse proliferative and membranous
      changes; however, chronic renal failure occurred in only one patient and the five
      year survival rate (60.9%) is better than previously reported in pediatric
      patients.

PMID- 956961
TI  - Distal renal tubular acidosis in children with chronic hydronephrosis.
AB  - The difference between the PCO2 of alkalinized urine and the PCO2 of blood has
      been proposed as an indirect means of assessing distal nephron H+ secretion.
      Following oral bicarbonate loading and alkalinization of the urine to pH greater
      than or equal to 7.2, eight of nine children with chronic hydronephrosis and four
      children with idiopathic distal RTA had low (U-B)PCO2 values when compared with
      seven normal subjects. This findings leads us to conclude that chronic
      hydronephrosis may cause a form of distal RTA which persists many years after
      surgical diversion procedures have been carried out.

PMID- 956962
TI  - Severe combined immunodeficiency with leukopenia (reticular dysgenesis) in
      siblings: immunologic and histopathologic findings.
AB  - The hematologic and histologic features of two, nontwin, male siblings with
      severe combined immunodeficiency and variable granulocytopenia are compared to
      the four previously reported cases of reticular dysgenesis. These sibs died at 50
      and 3 days of age, respectively, with Pseudomonas sepsis and congenital
      cytomegalovirus infection, respectively. A maternal uncle has selective IgA
      deficiency. Cord blood from the second sib contained a normal percentage of E
      rosetting lymphocytes; however, these lymphocytes failed to respond to mitogenic
      stimulation in vitro. Erythrocyte and lymphocyte levels of adenosine deaminase
      were elevated in the father and the second sib. Serum immunoglobulin
      concentrations were low in both siblings.

PMID- 956963
TI  - Neutrophil oxidative metabolism in sickle cell disease.
AB  - Bacterial infections are the most frequent cause of death and an important factor
      of morbidity in sickle cell disease. A defect in oxidative metabolism of
      neutrophils from these patients has been reported as a possible cause for these
      infections. Since normal neutrophil functions are essential in the defense
      against bacteria, it seemed important to reassess the capacity of neutrophils
      from patients with sickle cell disease to undergo the metabolic events associated
      with phagocytic bactericidal activity. Accordingly, neutrophils from patients and
      controls were compared for their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium dye, to
      activate the hexose monophosphate shunt, and to generate superoxide anion,
      hydrogen peroxide, and chemiluminescence. Patients' cells performed normally in
      each of these assays and, in addition, killed Staphylococcus aureus as well as
      did cells from controls. Thus, an abnormality of neutrophil oxidative metabolism
      cannot explain the propensity to bacterial infections in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 956964
TI  - Course of cystic fibrosis in 95 patients.
AB  - The course of 95 patients with cystic fibrosis is presented. Survivors have a
      mean follow-up period of over 14 years (minimum: 13 years). Of 45 patients
      diagnosed prior to extensive irreversible pulmonary involvement, only one has
      died and none is disabled. In contrast, of the other 50 patients diagnosed after
      substantial irreversible pulmonary disease was present, 26 have died. Mortality
      and morbidity has been greater in females. Possible factors contributing to the
      improving prognosis include early diagnosis, aggressive management with
      comprehensive care, easy access to specialized care, and improved antimicrobial
      therapy.

PMID- 956965
TI  - Course of cystic fibrosis in black patients.
AB  - Seventeen black patients showed typical sweat gland, gastrointestinal, and
      pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis. There was an unusually high
      incidence of meconium ileus equivalent (35%). Three infant siblings of patients
      in this study had died of cystic fibrosis prior to referral of a family member to
      this center. One patient died at age four years after emotional problems
      interfered with the treatment program; status asthmaticus played a major role in
      his terminal respiratory failure. The remainder of the patients have had
      substantially less morbidity from pulmonary disease than a comparable, much
      larger group of white patients. Only one patient, age 28, who is married and
      employed full-time has severe pulmonary involvement as assessed by pulmonary
      function studies and chest roentgenogram. The 16 surviving patients have a mean
      age of 13 1/2 years after a mean follow-up period of 10 years. If black patients
      with cystic fibrosis survive infancy, they then, as a group, may have a
      relatively good prognosis.

PMID- 956966
TI  - Mucosal recovery in treated childhood celiac disease (gluten-sensitive
      enteropathy).
AB  - Follow-up studies on 36 children, in whom celiac disease (gluten-sensitive
      enteropathy) was established by gluten challenge, were carried out after
      management on gluten-free diets for a mean of six years. Evaluations included
      measurement of height and weight, which for the group approximated normal
      distributions, and histologic examination of the duodenal or jejunal mucosa.
      Mucosal morphology was  regarded as normal in 16, and there were minimal changes
      in 20. Epithelial cell height was within the  normal range in all the children.
      Interepithelial lymphocytes were within normal range in the majority and lymphoid
      cells in the lamina propria were not different from those in control subjects.
      Mucosal lactase was significantly lower in patients than in control subjects in
      the duodenum and the jejunum, whereas sucrase and alkaline phosphatase values
      were significantly lower in the jejunum but not in the duodenum. Low content of
      mucosal lactase and increased numbers of interepithelial lymphocytes may be
      sensitive indicators of persisting ingestion of gluten in mucosa that is
      otherwise normal or approximately so in appearance.

PMID- 956967
TI  - Mild combined immunodeficiency in identical twins.

PMID- 956968
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Hodgkin disease.

PMID- 956969
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a presenting manifestation of Hodgkin disease.

PMID- 956970
TI  - Electrolyte values of sweat obtained by local and whole body collection methods
      in cystic fibrosis patients.

PMID- 956971
TI  - Neuroblastoma simulating acute leukemia.

PMID- 956972
TI  - Observations on unrestricted parental contact with infants in the neonatal
      intensive care unit.

PMID- 956973
TI  - Complex alpha-thalassemia-like syndrome: a cause of neonatal normoblastemia.
AB  - A previously unrecognized hypochromic anemia associated  with marked
      normoblastemia during the newborn period is reported. One male and two female
      siblings and a first cousin had a hypochromic anemia and marked normoblastemia
      (300 to 900 normoblast index per 100 white blood cells) at birth. Globin chain
      synthesis studies on peripheral blood of the proband at birth indicated the
      presence of alpha-thalassemia trait with possible reduced gamma chain synthesis.
      Studies of globin chain synthesis on the father, two older affected siblings of
      the proband, and the proband at 1.5 years of age revealed alpha-thalassemia
      trait. The data suggest this complex alpha-thalassemia-like condition as a new
      syndrome associated with marked neonatal normoblastemia.

PMID- 956974
TI  - Neonatal pneumatosis coli: a mild form of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - A distinctive form of necrotizing enterocolitis was observed in seven newborn 
      infants in a 4 1/2-year period. Characteristically these patients had gross blood
      in the stools, but other local and systemic signs were mild or absent.
      Radiography mainly revealed submucosal intramural intestinal gas which was
      limited to the colon (pneumatosis coli). There was no evidence of small bowel
      involvement as judged by the absence of small intestinal pneumatosis or
      distension. This form of colonic disease should be recognized as a benign variety
      of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis that carries a favorable prognosis and
      responds to medical management without sequelae.

PMID- 956975
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis in term infants.
AB  - Despite the fact that necrotizing enterocolitis is considered a disease of
      premature infants, 20% of all affected infants at Babies Hospital over the past
      20 years were products of term gestations. Two distinct subgroups of such infants
      were noted (1) five infants with congenital heart disease and/or congestive heart
      failure (e.g.hypoplastic left heart syndrome), all but one of whom developed the
      disease in the first week of life; (2) eight infants who developed the disease at
      a much later age after a protracted period of diarrhea. This histopathologic
      features of the disease in term infants are the same as those in premature
      infants. Further, the pathogenesis of the disease in term infants does not appear
      to differ basically from that in premature infants. These facts, lead away from
      the concept of NEC as a disease of simple etiology.

PMID- 956976
TI  - Use of the Beckman film badge for monitoring during phototheraphy.

PMID- 956977
TI  - Use of the Beckman film badge for monitoring during phototheraphy: a commentary.

PMID- 956978
TI  - The effect of paraben preservatives on albumin binding of bilirubin.
AB  - The interaction of methylparaben and propylparaben with bilirubin-albumin
      complexes was studied using difference spectra, Sephadex gel filtration, red
      blood cell uptake of bilirubin, and the peroxidase assay. Methylparaben was found
      to be a weak competitor with bilirubin for binding to primary albumin-binding
      sites but a strong binding competitor (similar to sulfisoxazole) at secondary
      sites. The displacing effects of methylparaben and sulfisoxazole were additive.
      Propylparaben bound to albumin but did not displace bilirubin. Drugs and
      injectable saline and water preparations which contain methylparaben should be
      avoided in jaundiced newborn infants when the high-affinity albumin-binding sites
      approach saturation.

PMID- 956979
TI  - Effect of antibiotic formulations in serum protein:bilirubin interaction of
      newborn infants.

PMID- 956980
TI  - Growth, behavioral, and psychologic measurements of adopted children: the
      influences of genetic and socioeconomic factors in a prospective study.
AB  - Perinatal, growth, social, and psychologic data, collected through seven years of
      age on 144 adopted children and on 288 matched controls as part of a prospective
      study of 3,120 children, were subjected to statistical analysis. Only single
      births and healthy children were included. The adopted subjects were  divided
      into two groups: 94 children who were adopted by nonrelatives (77 prior to one
      year of age and 17 after one year of age); and 50 children who remained with
      their biologic mothers and were subsequently adopted by stepfathers. Children who
      were adopted prior to one year of age had significantly higher IQs at four years
      of age then did their controls; at seven years of age, however, their IQs were
      similar even though the adopted children were raised in a higher socioeconomic
      environment. The adopted children had better academic achievement and were taller
      at four and seven years of age than were the controls. The performance of the
      children adopted after one year of age, even though they were raised in a higher
      socioeconomic environment, were, were like those of their controls at both four
      and seven years  of age. The performance of the children who remained with their
      biologic mothers was similar to that of their controls. Maternal intelligence
      generally did not correlate well with adopted children's intelligence; however, a
      specific significant positive correlation could be shown between maternal
      intelligence and the intelligence of children who remained with their biologic
      mothers.

PMID- 956981
TI  - Respiratory distress and neck mass in a neonate.

PMID- 956982
TI  - Letter: Postural apnea due to large tonsils and adenoids.

PMID- 956983
TI  - Letter: Tracheal perforation in the neonate: treatment with a cuffed endotracheal
      tube.

PMID- 956984
TI  - Letter: Camptomelic syndrome in siblings.

PMID- 956985
TI  - Letter: Sampling of duodenal contents by a nylon line.

PMID- 956986
TI  - Letter: Acute liver disease and encephalopathy.

PMID- 956987
TI  - Letter: Absence of pituitary gland vs congenital hypopituitarism.

PMID- 956988
TI  - Letter: Nerve-growth factor and neuroblastoma.

PMID- 956989
TI  - Letter: Electroencephalogram in hypothyroidism in the neonate.

PMID- 956990
TI  - Letter: Host inhibitory or blocking factor in subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis.

PMID- 956991
TI  - Letter: Prenatal screening for erythroblastosis fetalis.

PMID- 956992
TI  - Letter: Paregoric in management of narcotic withdrawal syndrome.

PMID- 956993
TI  - Letter: More on serum sickness-like illness and prodromal manifestations of viral
      hepatitis.

PMID- 956994
TI  - Letter: Xeroradiographs of the nuchal area: potential risk vs efficiency.

PMID- 956995
TI  - Thyroid function in neonatal hypothyroidism.
AB  - Various aspects of the thyroid function have been measured in 28 cases of
      neonatal hypothyroidism detected by means of the Quebec Screening Program for
      Metabolic Diseases. In all instances the T4 value in the blood of filter paper
      spot was below 2 SD of the mean of the day, averaging 0.39 +/- 0.04 ng/40 mul
      (mean +/- SEM) of eluted blood. The T4 value of a second similar sample averaged
      0.22 +/- 0.04 ng/mul of eluted blood; this value was significantly lower than the
      first one. The serum T4 concentration was decreased in all the infants, whereas
      three of them had a normal serum TSH concentration. At least three groups of
      patients could be identified: (1) patients with primary thyroid failure, (2)
      those with secondary or tertiary hypothyrodism, and (3) those with abnormal
      synthesis of thyroid hormone.

PMID- 956996
TI  - TSH measurements from blood spots on filter paper: a confirmatory screening test
      for neonatal hypothyroidism.
AB  - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the measurement of TSH in the eluate of blood
      spotted on filter paper has been developed. The method is consistently sensitive
      to 0.1 to 0.25 muU of TSH and enables the detection of values equivalent to 6 to
      15 muU/ml of serum. The measurement of TSH in the filter paper spot in all
      infants with low filter paper spot T4 has permitted rapid confirmation of 10
      cases of neonatal hypothyroidism. However, cases of hypothalamic hypothyroidism
      with low or normal filter paper spot TSH concentrations would have been missed
      using only this method. Since these patients represent approximately 10% of our
      neonatal hypothyroid population, we do not recommend this method as a primary
      screening procedure, but rather as a confirmatory test which will accelerate the
      diagnosis and therefore the onset of therapy.

PMID- 956997
TI  - Delayed onset of hypopituitarism: sequelae of therapeutic irradiation of central
      nervous system, eye, and middle ear tumors.
AB  - Four children with short stature who received irradiation to the head in
      conventional doses had clinical and laboratory evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary
      hormone deficiencies several years later. Growth hormone was deficient in all.
      One patient also had evidence of TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropin deficiency. Basal
      prolactin levels and prolactin response to synthetic TRF were normal in all
      patients tested. Treatment with human growth hormone significantly increased
      growth rate. We suggest that children should have the hypothalamic-pituitary area
      shielded from irradiation. Periodic measurements of hypothalamic-pituitary
      function should be performed in children who have had irradiation to the head, in
      order to detect and treat hormonal deficiencies before growth and development are
      seriously compromised.

PMID- 956998
TI  - Juvenile diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, sensory nerve deafness, and diabetes
      insipidus--a syndrome.
AB  - Four patients with diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and high-frequency
      neurosensory hearing loss, two of whom also had diabetes insipidus, are
      described. The frequency of this syndrome among patients with juvenile diabetes
      appears to be between 1/148 and 1/175. Because of the progressive nature of the
      disabilities and the autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, careful monitoring
      of all juvenile diabetic patients for other signs of the syndrome is warranted.

PMID- 956999
TI  - Developmental change in red blood cell volume: implication in screening infants
      and children for iron deficiency and thalassemia trait.
AB  - The mean corpuscular volumen when determined by electronic counter is an accurate
      tool for identification of children with microcytosis due to either iron
      deficiency or thalassemia trait. The purpose of this report is to describe the
      normal developmental changes in MCV that occur in children afler 6 months of age.
      In 211 healthy infants and children screened to exclude those with borderline or
      overt iron deficiency, thalassemia trait, or hemoglobinopathy, we found that the
      lower limit of normal for MCV is 70 ft between 10 and 17 months of age and that
      there is a gradual increase of MCV with age; the lower limit is 74 between 1 1/2
      and 4 years and 76 between 4 and 7 years. All of these values are well below the
      minimum adult level of 80 fl.

PMID- 957000
TI  - Percutaneous cardiac catheterization and atrial balloon septostomy in pediatrics.
AB  - Between November, 1971, and July, 1975, 688 patients ranging in age from six
      hours to 21 years have undergone percutaneous transfemoral venous and/or arterial
      catheterization at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center. This
      represents 93% of all venous catheterizations of the right side of the heart and
      97% of all arterial catheterizations of the left side of the heart in the
      pediatric age range. One hundred and ninety-five patients (29% of the group)
      weighed 5 kg or less and 133 (20% of the group) were neonates. There were
      virtually no complications following the venous studies. The complication rate
      following percutaneous arterial studies is lower than is the reported experience
      with cut-down arteriotomies. Long-term survival following percutaneous atrial
      balloon septostomy in D-transposition of the great arteries was comparable to
      that following cut-down balloon septostomy. The ease of accomplishment,
      significantly lower complication rate, and successful accomplishment of atrial
      balloon septostomy prompt us to advocate that the percutaneous technique of
      cardiac catheterization be extended to include the neonate and young infant who
      weighsless than 5 kg.

PMID- 957001
TI  - Intractable watery diarrhea, ganglioneuroblastoma, and vasoactive intestinal
      peptide.

PMID- 957002
TI  - The "locked-in" syndrome in children.

PMID- 957003
TI  - Normal leukocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease.

PMID- 957004
TI  - Macrocephaly with multiple lipomas and hemangiomas.

PMID- 957005
TI  - Sickle cell SS genotype and paralyses in children.

PMID- 957006
TI  - Hepatic trace elements in the sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 957007
TI  - Renal solute load and diet in growing premature infants.

PMID- 957008
TI  - Tracheal aspirate lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios as predictors of recovery from
      respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - In thirty infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome who required
      endotracheal intubation, serial tracheal aspirate lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios
      were determined. There was 19 survivors and 11 nonsurvivors. The L/S ratios were
      plotted as a function of postnatal age; the ratios of the survivors demonstrated
      a significant increase between 24 and 96 hours. Nonsurvivors did not show this
      change. There was a significant difference on Days 3, 4, and 5 between survivors
      and nonsurvivors in the percentage of L/S ratios greater than 2.5. Daily mean L/S
      ratios correctly identified the outcome of 23 of 24 infants alive on Days 4
      and/or 5 and were a more accurate prediction of survival than a single L/S ratio.
      The changes in the L/S ratios of the tracheal aspirates were not related to
      gestational age.

PMID- 957009
TI  - Disturbances of the transitional circulation: spectrum of pulmonary hypertension
      and myocardial dysfunction.
AB  - Thirteen neonates presented with central cyanosis due to right-to-left shunting
      across the foramen ovale or the ductus arteriosus or both. In three infants
      shunting occurred secondary to pulmonary vascular obstruction, presumably related
      to pulmonary vasospasm (persistence of the fetal or transitional circulation). In
      ten neonates right-to-left shunting was associated with heart failure; seven of
      these neonates had systemic hypotension.

PMID- 957010
TI  - Persistence of the fetal circulation.

PMID- 957011
TI  - Socioeconomic factors in relation to fetal growth in white infants.
AB  - Over 1,200 white mothers who were delivered consecutively at this medical center
      were classified in four different socioeconomic classes according to family
      affluence and occupations of the heat of the household. The frequency of low
      birth-weight infants was highest in the lowest socioeconomic class. The high
      incidence of LBW infants in the lowest socioeconiomic group was not affected by
      any significant increase in number of mothers with medical problems or medical
      complications of pregnancy; it was dependent on the large number of mothers who
      were involved in four specific practices, largely of their own choosing,
      including low-weight gains, cigarette smoking, use of certain drugs during
      pregnancy, and refraining from all prenatal care. Mothers in the four
      socioeconomic classes who were not involved with these four specific practices
      (smoking, etc.) and whose pregnancies were free of medical problems and
      complications had uniformly low incidences of LBW infants and the mean birth
      weights of their infants were uniformly high and not significantly different.
      Unfavorable outcome of pregnancy with respect to fetal growth in this study
      appeared to depend less directly on socioeconomic circumstances than on the four
      specific maternal practices listed above.

PMID- 957012
TI  - Metabolic frame for use in an incubator.

PMID- 957013
TI  - Letter: Apnea resulting from obstruction of the nares by an eye shield.

PMID- 957014
TI  - The effects of four commonly used drugs on platelet function.
AB  - A number of commonly used drugs have been reportd to inter

PMID- 957015
TI  - The effect of maternally administered drugs on bilirubin concentrations in the
      newborn infant.
AB  - The effects of drugs administered to pregnant women on bilirubin concentrations
      in 1,107 consecutively born infants are presented. Administration of narcotic
      agents, barbiturates, aspirin, chloral hydrate, reserpine, and phenytoin sodium
      all resulted in lowering of infant serum bilirubin concentrations. Diazepam and,
      to a lesser extent, oxytocin caused an elevation of infant serum bilirubin
      concentrations. Although many drugs were shown to alter serum bilirubin levels
      significantly, the clinical importance of such alterations was not dramatic
      except possibly in special circumstances. The phenothiazine derivatives, general
      or local anesthesia, sulfadimidine, ampicillin, and penicillin had no such effect
      on the newborn infant when given to the mother before delivery.

PMID- 957016
TI  - Risks to the offspring of women treated with hydantoin anticonvulsants, with
      emphasis on the fetal hydantoin syndrome.
AB  - The fetal hydantoin syndrome is a variable pattern of altered growth and
      performance which includes unusual facies, distal phalangeal hyoplasia, and other
      defects occurring in some infants exposed in utero to hydantoins. A prospective
      study of 35 infants exposed prenatally to this class of anticonvulsants showed
      that 11% had sufficient features to be classified as having the fetal hydantoin
      syndrome. An additional 31% displayed some features compatible with the prenatal
      effects of hydantoins. A case-control study of 104 infants whose mothers received
      hydantoins during pregnancy supports these conclusions. Reduction of intellectual
      ability in infants with the fetal hydantoin syndrome is the area of greatest
      concern. Women being treated with hydantoin anticonvulsants should be told of the
      nature and magnitude of risks to the developing fetus before considering a
      pregnancy.

PMID- 957017
TI  - Trimethobenzamide HCL (Tigan)-induced extrapyramidal dysfunction in a neonate.

PMID- 957018
TI  - Intellectual and social development following prolonged isolation.
AB  - A patient with severe combined immunodeficiency required protective isolation for
      the first year of life. He was discharged after an effective treatment program
      was developed and has remained well. Developmental testing at 14 and 16 months
      revealed near age level social and intellectual functioning. Optimal nursing
      care, frequent and prolonged maternal contact, and the patient's adaptive
      capacities permitted rapid adjustment to normal life following prolonged
      isolation.

PMID- 957019
TI  - Letter: Simultaneous administration of isoniazid and BCG to the infant of a
      tuberculous mother.

PMID- 957020
TI  - Intravascular hemolysis: an unusual complication of hydrocarbon ingestion.

PMID- 957021
TI  - Letter: Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage due to choriocarcinoma of the uterus.

PMID- 957022
TI  - Letter: Thrombocytosis in neuroblastoma.

PMID- 957024
TI  - Letter: More on salt poisoning.

PMID- 957023
TI  - Letter: Familial localized panatrophy: an iatrogenic phenocopy secondary to
      injection of a corticosteroid.

PMID- 957025
TI  - Letter: The FG syndrome.

PMID- 957026
TI  - Letter: Effect of cortisol/insulin in lecithin synthesis.

PMID- 957027
TI  - Letter: Thrombocytosis associated with the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

PMID- 957028
TI  - Letter: On genetic variants in fucosidosis.

PMID- 957029
TI  - Letter: Apert syndrome does not equal mental retardation.

PMID- 957030
TI  - Editor's column: Recommendations for screening programs for congenital
      hypothyroidism. Report of a Committee of The American Thyroid Association.

PMID- 957031
TI  - Differentiation of Herpetomonas megaseliae: effects of hydroxyurea on morphology
      and growth.
AB  - Herpetomonas megaseliae grown in the presence of hydroxyurea showed a decline in
      population during the first 24 hr, eventually increasing slightly over the 7-day
      incubation. Throughtout the 7-day incubation period the population of the treated
      organisms never equaled that of the control organisms. The percentage of
      promastigotes, as opposed to para-and opisthomastigotes, in the treated cultures
      did not differ from that in the control cultures through the first 3 days in
      incubation. Thereafter, the percentage of promastigotes in the treated cultures
      dropped significantly below that of the controls. At the light microscope level,
      the treated organisms showed an increase in size with associated striations at
      the anterior end. A multiflagellate (nondividing) condition was also observed in
      the hydroxyurea-treated organisms. TEM and SEM studies showed pellicular
      convolutions, which were interpreted as the striations observed under the light
      microscope. The differnces in population number, kinetoplast number and position
      and pellicular morphology between control and experimental cultures suggests that
      enhanced differentiation and abortive cytokinesis are the net effects of
      hydroxyurea on Herpetomonas megaseliae.

PMID- 957032
TI  - Plasmodium (Giovannolaia) pedioecetii from gallinaceous birds of Colorado.
AB  - Forty-nine Colorado birds of 6 galliform species were positive for Plasmodium
      (Giovannolaia) pedioecetii which we feel to be the same parasite described by
      Wetmore (1939) from a shaptailed grouse from North Dakota. Except for its
      presence in Darwin's tinamou (Nothura darwinii) from Colorado, it has been
      reported only from gallinaceous birds. Most stages were predominantly subpolar to
      polar. There were a daily 8 am to noon peak of merozoite production, but no
      synchronicity. Merozoite number ranged from 8 to 22, with a mean of 10.9.
      Gametocytes were long and slender, some curving around one end of the host
      nucleus.

PMID- 957033
TI  - Parabothriocephalus sagitticeps (Sleggs 1927) comb. n. (Cestoda:
      Parabothriocephalidae) from Sebastes paucispinis of southern and central
      California.
AB  - Parabothriocephalus sagitticeps (Sleggs 1927) from Sebastes paucispinis is
      redescribed and given a generic reassignment. The new combination is based on the
      dorsal, submarginal genital attrium and tests arrangement. The tapeworm
      prevalence was 84% of 354 rockfish in the coastal waters of Southern and Central
      California.

PMID- 957034
TI  - Immunological response to experimental echnococcosis in Meriones unguiculatus.
AB  - Varying doses of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus were injected
      intraperitoneally into Mongolian jirds, Swiss mice, and golden hamsters. After 4
      months the animals were killed and the numbers of developing cysts counted. Jirds
      were by far the most susceptible hosts. Doses of 500 protoscolices produced 100%
      infection rates in both weanlings and adults. Comparable infection rates in
      weanling mice required inocula of 5,000 protoscolices, but even at this dose
      hamsters were refractory to infection. Three of 5 jirds developed pulmonary cysts
      after intravenous administration of 500 protoscolices. Serologic responses in
      infected jirds were followed using the indirect hemagglutination tests and a
      purified fraction of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) as antigen. Titers reached a
      plateau after 15 weeks and were maintained for several months. Much brisker
      serologic responses occurred in animals sensitized with the antigenic fraction in
      various adjuvant vehicles. At no time during infection did jirds show any
      evidence of immediate hypersensitivity to HCF in direct skin tests, passive
      cutaneous anaphylactic tests, or after intravenous challenge with antigen. After
      artificial immunization with hapten-conjugated antigens or HCF, jirds underwent a
      fatal shock following intravenous challenge with antigen. HCF provoked the
      appearance of circulating antibodies which were capable of sensitizing normal
      recipients for passive systemic anaphylaxis after a latent period of 72 hr. It is
      concluded that the failure of the infected  jird to develop immediate
      hypersensitivity responses to E. granulosus represents a marked deviation from
      the parrern of the immune response in echinococcosis in man and domestic animals
      and must be considered in the future use of this animal in experimental studies
      on the host-parasite relationship.

PMID- 957035
TI  - Eucyathostomum webbi sp. n. (Strongyloidea: Cloacinidae) from white-tailed deer
      (Odocoileus virginianus).
AB  - The new species is described from white-tailed deer of McIntosh County, Georgia,
      and Pushmataha County, Oklahoma. Eucyathostomum webbi sp. n. differs from E.
      longesubulatum (type) in possessing more internal leaf crown elements, unbarbed
      spiculte tips, variability in the configuration of the dorsal ray of the male
      bursa, and shorter vagina and ovejectors; from E. copulatum in being much larger
      and not having males and females permanently united; from E. spinulosum in the
      origin of the externo-dorsal ray of the male bursa; and from E. dentatum in
      having more internal leaf crown elements, shorter spicules, a distinct cephalic
      vesicle, no dorsal gutter, and a pectinated flange posterior to the vulva.
      Problems in the taxonomy of the genus Eucyathostomum are discussed. Specimens
      previously identified as E. longesubulatum from southeastern white-tailed deer
      were reexamined and found to be conspecific with E. webbi.

PMID- 957036
TI  - Post-labial sensory structures on the cecal worm, Heterakis gallinarum.
AB  - Sense organs that lie just posterior to the lips on the sides of the body of
      Heterakis gallinarum have been examined by scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy. The sense organs appear externally as a short peg surrounded by a
      collarlike elevation of cuticle. Each sense organ contains the endings of 2
      sensory dendrites; 1 extending to the tip of the peg is probably chemosensitive,
      while the other ending just within the cuticular cylinder that projects
      internally from the peg, is probably mechanosensitive.

PMID- 957037
TI  - A simple method for collecting infective larvae of Litomosoides carinii.
AB  - A method is described whereby substantial quantities of infective larvae of
      Litomosoides carinii can be obtained with relative ease. In each of 2 separate
      experiments, over 5,000 infective larvae were recovered by soaking the pelts of 5
      or 7 Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) that had been exposed for 6 or 7 hr
      to infected tropical rat mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti). The mites had been
      infected either 7 to 8 or 9 to 10 days earlier by exposure to jirds with patent
      infections. Ninety-four percent of the total number of infective larvae recovered
      and migrated out of the pelts within 2 1/2 hr. Jirds inoculated subcutaneously
      with infective larvae collected in this manner exhibited high mean percent
      recoveries at necropsy, i.e. 79 and 60 at 5 and 29 days postinoculation,
      respectively. In addition, the ranges in worm recoveries were narrow.

PMID- 957038
TI  - Cruorifilaria tuberocauda gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the
      capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris in colombia.
AB  - Cruorifilaria tuberocauda gen. et sp. n. is described from blood vessels of the
      kidney, heart, and lungs of the capybara, Hyrochoerus hydrochaeris, in Colombia,
      S.A. The adult worms are robust, of moderate size (females approximately 42 mm
      long, males about 27 mm long), and tapered at both ends. The males have unequal,
      dissimilar spicules, lack a gubernaculum and possess both pre- and postanal
      papillae. The unsheathed microfilaria is found in the peripheral blood. Even
      though a severe tissue response is seen in the walls of the blood vessels
      occupied by the adult worms, it appears to be a common parasite in the population
      of capybaras surveyed.

PMID- 957039
TI  - Studies on resistance in snails. 7. Evidence of interference with the defense
      reaction in Biomphalaria glabrata by trematode larvae.
AB  - Echinostoma lindoense sporocysts that develop from irradiated miracidia normally
      are destroyed by amebocyte capsules in the ventricle of Biomphalaria glabrata
      within 10 days postexposure. The survival period of these ventricular sporocysts
      was considerably longer in snails that also harbored normal sporocysts of E.
      lindoense, Paryphostomum segregatum, or Schistosoma mansoni. Protection of
      irradiated E. lindoense sporocysts by the same of different trematode species is
      presumed to be the result of an active process by which normal sporocysts
      interfere with capsule formation and protect themselves and other trematode
      larvae from encapsulation. Homologous protection was stronger than heterologous.

PMID- 957040
TI  - New Oncomelania hupensis foci on Taiwan.
AB  - Six new areas for Oncomelania hupensis were found on Taiwan: three in Nan-tou,
      and 1 each in Chia-i, Hua-lien and Tai-tung counties. Most of the new habitats,
      unlike previously known areas, are not in alluvial plains, but are at higher
      elevations. The Nan-shan-chi colony in Nan-tou county is located at the altitude
      of 740 m, which is the highest of all known Oncomelania localities on the island.
      Oncomelania has now been found in 9 out of 15 counties on Taiwan. Shell features
      of the newly-discovered snails resemble those of Oncomelania hupensis formosana
      but further study will be required for final subspecies designation. Nearly
      60,000 oncomelanids from both old and new localities were examined for
      schistosome infection with negative results.

PMID- 957041
TI  - Cystobranchus meyeri sp. n. (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) from Catostomus commersoni
      Lacepede in North America.
AB  - Cystobranchus meyeri sp. n. (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) is described from the white
      sucker, Catostomus commersoni Lacepede (Osteichthyes: Catostomidae) from the
      Mohawk River drainage of eastern New York. Size, details of internal anatomy, and
      the presence of 8 ocelli on the posterior sucker distinguish it from the 3 other
      species in North America. A table compares the members of this genus and a key to
      the species is included. Problems of classification, host records, and host
      specificity are discussed.

PMID- 957042
TI  - Winter ecology of ectoparasites collected from hibernating Myotis velifer (Allen)
      in southwestern Oklahoma (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae.
AB  - During the winter of 1971-72, Trichobius major, T, corynorhini, Mydopsylla
      collinsi, Macronyssus crosbyi, M. unidens, Paraspinturnix globosus, Spinturnix
      carloshoffmani, Ornithodoros sp., Albeckia senase, Nycteriglyphus sp. A, and
      Olabidocarpus sp. were quantitatively collected from hibernating Myotis velifer,
      Plecotus townsendii, and Pipistrellus subflavus. Significantly greater numbers of
      S.  carloshoffmani and M. crosbyi were found on female M. velifer, while greater
      numbers of P. globosus were found on males. With the exception of T. major and P.
      globosus which were radomly distributed, all ectoparasites exhibited a contagious
      distribution on M. velifer. Only T. major and S. carloshoffmani had a 1:1 sex
      ratio, the remaining species had significantly fewer males. M. unidens, M.
      crosbyi, and N. species A were positively associated, while M. collinsi was
      negatively associated with both Macronyssus; the remaining species were not
      signficantly associated. With the exception of T. major and P. globosus,
      ectoparasite densities decreased during the winter.

PMID- 957043
TI  - Restoration of cell morphology after culture of malarial parasites in vitro.

PMID- 957044
TI  - A newly recognized mode of human infection with the lung fluke, Paragonimus
      westermani (Kerbert 1878).

PMID- 957045
TI  - A potential intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni from Haiti.

PMID- 957046
TI  - Percutaneous and subcutaneous infection of pigs with Strongyloides ransomi.

PMID- 957047
TI  - Litomosoides carinii: an approach to quantitatively controlled infections in
      jirds.

PMID- 957048
TI  - Correlation of chigger abundance with temperature at a hyperendemic focus of
      scrub typhus.

PMID- 957049
TI  - Survival and migration of infective Brugia pahangi larvae administered orally to
      neonatal jirds.

PMID- 957050
TI  - Effects of gamma radiation on development of Brugia pahangi in a susceptible
      strain of Aedes aegypti.

PMID- 957051
TI  - Prognostic factors in neuroblastic tumors.
AB  - Data of 101 patients with neuroblastic tumors from 1950 to1974 at The Johns
      Hopkins Hospital have been abstracted onto specially designed summary sheets, and
      subjected to multifactorial analysis. One-third of the 21 benign ganglioneuromas
      showed evidence for spontaneous maturation. The overall cure rate among the
      malignant tumors was 39%. Cures were higher with an extraabdominal primary, with
      more  mature histologic differentiation, and if excision, even partial, was
      carried out. Neither radiotherapy nor evolving modalities of chemotherapy appear
      to have had benefit over this 25-yr period. An age at diagnosis less than 2 yr,
      and a less extensive clinical stage both were independent predictors of survival.
      The apparent effects of a favorable site of tumor origin, or more mature
      histologic differentiation were not of major impact in and of themselves, but
      correlated better with clinical stage. Two prognostic schemata, based on stage
      plus age, and stage plus histologic differentiation plus age respectively, proved
      to be 95% accurate in  our experience. With more extensive evaluation and
      experience, either or both may be helpful in the management of malignant
      neuroblastic tumors, and assessment of therapeutic regimens.

PMID- 957052
TI  - Esophageal atresia and associated anomalies.
AB  - One hundred and two patients with esophageal  atresia possessed 237 additional
      anomalies. Risk grouping of these patients was useful and showed a direct
      relationship between the increased incidence of anomalies, low birth weight, and
      nonsurvival. Fifty-seven per cent of the patients with additional anomalies
      possessed multiple anomalies, most frequently occurring in the gastrointestinal,
      cardiovascular, and musculosketetal organ systems. Fifty-five per cent of the
      deaths appeared to result from the coexistent severe anomaly, while the remaining
      45% of the deaths appeared to occur as a result of the presence of esophageal
      atresia. It is our suspicion that the insult producing esophageal atresia with a
      high incidence of associated anomalies occurs at a more critical time in
      organogenesis than that event that produces the esophageal atresis alone or with
      one moderate anomaly.

PMID- 957053
TI  - Continuous dynamic monitoring of pressure and flow patterns during assisted
      ventilation.
AB  - A system for continuous, dynamic monitoring of children requiring ventilatory
      assistance  has been developed and used in a critical care setting. Breath by
      breath airway pressure changes are measured on a specially adapted meter with
      high-and low-pressure limit alarms, and are displayed graphically on a bedside
      oscilloscope. This system has proved to be beneficial in detecting ventilator
      system malfunction; in adjusting ventilator settings, such as
      inspiratory/expiratory ratios, end-expiratory pressure, and phase duration and
      flow  ratios; in assessing compliance of a child requiring ventilatory assistance
      and his capability for spontaneous breathing; and in the early recognition of
      potentially harmful problems attendant upon assisted ventilation. The system
      provides additional educational benefit for the I.C.U. personnel, who become more
      knowledgeable regarding ventilatory problems, and more apt to discover them
      promptly. The simplicity of the system, compatibility with other I.C.U.
      monitoring equipment, capability for continuous, dynamic monitoring, and broad
      scope recommended it for infants and children requiring assisted ventilation.

PMID- 957054
TI  - Serum gastrin concentrations in infants with short gut syndrome.
AB  - Seven babies with 100 cm or less remaining small bowel have been evaluated for
      evidence of gastric hyperacidity and/or hypergastrinemia. Two babies were also
      studied after feeding. No patient demonstrated hyperacidity or hypergastrinemia.
      This infant data is discussed in regards to reported contradictory data in adult
      studies.

PMID- 957055
TI  - Intestinal stricture in necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - In a 3-yr period, eight infants among 43 survivors of acute NEC developed
      intestinal stricture. Four infants developed multiple stricture after proximal
      diversion procedures, and four had single strictures after medical therapy.
      Nineteen cases of intestinal stricture after NEC were collected from the
      literature. Radiographic examinations at the time of the acute disease were not
      predictive of the risk of subsequent stricture. Histologic examination showed
      various stages of wound healing, most prominently in the submucosa. Stricture
      should be considered as the cause of intestinal malfunction in any child who
      survives acute NEC.

PMID- 957056
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease in childhood reexamined.

PMID- 957057
TI  - Primary subacute pyogenic osteomyelitis in long bones of children.
AB  - Ten cases of primary subacute osteomyelitis illustrate its clinical resemblance
      to various bone neoplasms. Diagnosis was established by open biopsy. Treatment
      with curettage, cast immobilization, and antibiotics, when indicated, resulted in
      radiographic healing and resolution of symptoms.

PMID- 957058
TI  - Primary surgical management of the deeply burned hand in children.
AB  - Primary burn excision with immediate wound closure by skin grafting was used as
      the initial definitive treatment for deep burns of the hand in 30 consecutive 
      children. The results are compared with an additional group of 30 children whose
      burns were treated with AgNO3 alone. There is a significant difference in all
      categories examined between the excised and the nonexcised group. Hand
      deformities, secondary reconstructive procedures, and morbidity  were
      significantly reduced in the excised group. Excision provided improved functional
      and cosmetic results.

PMID- 957059
TI  - Abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood.

PMID- 957060
TI  - Irrigation of the peritoneal cavity for appendicitis in children: a double-blind
      study.

PMID- 957061
TI  - Wringer arm injuries.
AB  - During a 20-yr period, 483 children 16 yr of age or under were hospitalized for
      management of a wringer arm injury. Although the majority were indigent, black
      males, such trauma was frequently sustained by all classes and races as well as
      by both sexes. Principles of treatment consisted of cleansing the abrasion wound,
      application of a pressure dressing from axilla to finger tips, elevation, and
      close observation. With the exception of a destroyed brachial vein in one patien,
      significant vascular injuries  did not occur despite a "medical fixation" on
      evidences of impaired circulation. Likewise, no fractures were noted even though
      all patients had x-rays of the full extremity. However, there were six
      metacarpophalangeal dislocations, five instances of neuropathy, and one traumatic
      amputation. Major skin sloughs occurred in 18 children, yet only 11 of them
      required a skin graft.

PMID- 957062
TI  - Use of a trauma registry in the management of children with life-threatening
      injuries.

PMID- 957063
TI  - Modified Duhamel procedure for treatment of total aganglionic colon in childhood.
AB  - Based on this series of six patients with aganglionosis  of the entire colon we
      conclude: (1) Radiographic findings of a shortened colon of normal caliber or the
      presence of "jejunalization" of the colon suggest total colonic aganglionosis in
      patients with a suggestive history. (2) All infants with persistent obstipation,
      distention, and poor weight gain should have a punch biopsy of the rectum even if
      the barium enema is normal. (3) The Martin modification of Duhamel's operation
      gives functional results comparable to those achievable in children with short
      segment Hirschsprung's disease. (4) The use of a stapling device to divide the
      septum between aganglionic colon and pulled-through  ileum is less satisfactory
      than using crushing clamps.

PMID- 957064
TI  - Jejunoileal atresia: a proposed classification.
AB  - An experience with 59 infants with jejunal and ileal atresia is presented along
      with a proposed classification based on a combination of morphology and clinical
      characteristics. It would appear that the characteristics of each type are
      sufficiently distinct as to render this worthwhile classification.

PMID- 957065
TI  - Ruptured appendicitis in children: continuing controversy over antibiotic
      combinations.
AB  - A prospective study has been made of 36 children with ruptured appendicitis.
      Alternate patients were managed with a standard protocol of therapy differing
      only in the antibiotics used. One group received a combination of
      penicillin/streptomycin/sulfadiazine while the other children were treated with
      cephalothin (Keflin) and cephalexin (Keflex). No major infections complications
      occurred in the P/S/S study group but there were four in the C/C patients. No
      serious adverse reactions due to the antibiotics occurred in either group.

PMID- 957066
TI  - Are hemisplenectomy and/or primary splenic repair feasible?
AB  - Following splenectomy, infant rats are at risk when challenged with pneumococcus.
      Mortality was 85% in splenectomized rats and 6.6% in controls. Rats subjected to
      a standardized splenic trauma had a 16% mortality when left untreated and a zero
      mortality with operative therapy by splenectomy, hemisplenectomy, or primary
      splenic repair. Hemisplenectomy and primary splenic repair are indeed feasible in
      rats with resultant splenic tissue showing a normal histologic appearance.
      Hemisplenectomized infant rats, when subjected to pneumococcal challenge, had a
      15% mortality compared to 85% for splenectomized infant rats. This suggests that
      the repaired spleen retains its very important immunologic abiltiy to resist
      infection. Despite differences in species and organ sizes and shapes, these data
      suggest that partial splenectomy and primary splenic repair may be attractive
      alternatives to splenectomy in instances of trauma and  inadvertant operative
      injury.

PMID- 957067
TI  - Repair of laryngotracheoesophageal cleft using interposition of a strap muscle.
AB  - Two  children with laryngotracheoesophageal clefts were operated with success. In
      one case the cleft resulted from trauma. The second case was of  congenital
      origin and had been operated twice previously. Interposition of the sternohyoid
      muscle was an important adjuct contributing to success in repair.

PMID- 957068
TI  - Endoscopic resection of obstructing airway lesions in children.
AB  - In the past 8 yrs, 14 children were treated with obstructing lesions of the
      larynx, some of then acquired from prolonged intubation. Endoscopic resection of
      the obstructions proved feasible in selected cases. The use of a wire stylette of
      fine needle within a small ureteral catheter sheath provides a  readily available
      and accurate means for dealing with some  of these lesions.

PMID- 957069
TI  - Clinical technique and success of the esophageal stent to prevent corrosive
      strictures.
AB  - The Reyes technique for the management of severe, acute  corrosive injuries of
      the esophagus has been modified and successfully applied to two children and one
      adult whose cases are reported. None developed stricture and two were
      uncomplicated. Esophagomegaly, motility dysfunction, upper gastrointestinal
      bleeding, and pneumonitis complicated the hospitalization of one child whose
      subsequent course has been asymptomatic. Until more experience can be recorded,
      widespread use is not yet recommended.

PMID- 957070
TI  - Herniography in children.

PMID- 957071
TI  - A new transparent insulating gown for the surgical neonate.

PMID- 957072
TI  - Maturation of neuroblastoma to ganglioneuroma in lymph nodes.

PMID- 957073
TI  - Congenital bronchobiliary fistula associated with esophageal atresia and tracheo
      esophageal fistula.

PMID- 957074
TI  - Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic defects in two siblings.

PMID- 957075
TI  - Infantile giant mediastinal cystic hygroma.

PMID- 957076
TI  - Rupture of the urether with associated pseudocystic formation.

PMID- 957077
TI  - Pericardial effusion due to penetration of the pericardium by a swallowed needle.

PMID- 957078
TI  - Changes in appearance of amniotic fluid during pregnancy - the macroscore.
AB  - During the first two trimesters of pregnancy the amniotic fluid is clear and
      yellow; during the third trimester the amniotic fluid becomes colourless; then,
      approximately from the 33rd-34rd week on, cloudiness and flocculation occur, at
      first very slowly, after the 36th-37th week steadily faster (Tab. I). At term,
      the amniotic fluid is moderately cloudy and contains a moderate number of flakes
      of vernix. The appearance of the amniotic fluid depending on the degree of
      cloudiness and on the number of flakes, has been expressed by means of a score
      system, the socalled macroscore (Tab. II). Relationships were observed: a)
      between the disappearance of the yellow colour (bilirubin) and the initial
      occurrence of cloudiness and flocculation; b) between the duration of pregnancy
      and the macroscore; from the 32nd-36th week of pregnancy the mean macroscore
      increases until the second half of the 40th week; then in the 41 st week there is
      a drop in the mean macroscore, after which a new increase occurs (Fig. 1,2 and
      3). c) between the total gestation period at birth and the progression of the
      macroscore (Fig. 5); when birth takes place earlier (later), the macroscore will
      increase earlier (later). d) between the total duration of gestation at birth and
      the macroscore at the end of pregnancy; with an earlier (later) birth, the
      macroscore is lower (higher) (Fig. 5 and 6). With the macroscore it is possible
      to determine the duration of pregnancy (b) and the time before birth even more
      accurately (c). The fairly large standard deviation of the macroscore per
      pregnancy week (Fig. 1) also in case of a given duration of gestation at birth
      (Fig. 7) points to a fairly large interindividual variation in the appearance of
      the amniotic fluid at a certain duration of pregnancy. The macroscore is
      determined by elements originating from the fetal skin; the cloudiness and
      flocculation are caused by release of vernix and the flaking off of cells from
      the stratum corneum. Hence the macroscore reflects changes in the function of the
      fetal skin and is an indicator of the functional maturation of the fetal skin.
      The considerable variation of the macroscore at a given duration of pregnancy
      indicates a great variation of fetal maturation. The fetus that is maturing
      faster, will be delivered earlier; the fetus that  is maturing slower, later (c).
      This points to a correlation between the degree of fetal maturation and the start
      of labour. The higher macroscore during the last days before birth in pregnancies
      of longer duration (d) (Fig. 5 and 6) may be explained by a less sensitive
      uterus, requiring a greater maturity of the fetus for delivery to start. The drop
      of the mean macroscore in the 41 st week of pregnancy is due to a sudden increase
      of lower scores in this week (Fig. 4). A lower score at a given stage of
      pregnancy means a later birth (Tab. VI and VII). Thus in the 41 st week of
      pregnancy a considerable group of pregnant women appears, that has a total
      duration of gestation that is, on the average, two weeks longer than normally...

PMID- 957079
TI  - Problems in using linear ultrasound parameters for the determination of fetal
      weight.
AB  - We have developed three formulas for the calculation of fetal weight by means of
      ultrasound which have proved clinically useful   (Formula I for normal size
      fetuses, Formula II for very small fetuses, and Formula III as a control). From
      621 controlled calculations of the fetal weight and the general experience from
      our ultrasound clinic (over 20,000 examinations) we discuss the inherent
      problems. We used the Vidoson apparatus manufactured by Siemens (West Germany)
      which is a rapid imaging B-scan. We have learned from many years of studying
      means of calculating fetal weight that a regression equation from linear fetal
      measurements can be used: namely the biparietelllll skull diameter, the sagittal
      and the transverse thoracic diameter and the length of the trunk (Tab. I)...

PMID- 957080
TI  - Prospective and retrospective examination of an easily applicable score to
      predict the probability of premature birth defined by weight.
AB  - An easily applicable score to predict the risk of prematurity (Tab. I) (defined
      by weight) is examined prospectively (scoring during 6 th month of pregnancy) in
      431 and retrospectively (obtained after delivery) in 1183 pregnancies. In the
      prospective study (Tab. II) 71.4% of all pregnancies resulting in babies below
      2501 g exceed the proposed 50 points risk probabilty limit whereas only 18.7% of
      pregnancies with babies of more than 3000 g do so. Excluding pregnancies with 20
      or more risk points and excellent prenatal care (8 or more consultations) - which
      should change the outcome of risk-pregnancies - the percentages are 77.8% and
      12.2% respectively (Tab. III). Pregnancies resulting in babies with birth weight
      of 2501 g -2750 g exceeded the limit in 38.9% and those with babies of 2751 g
      3000 g in 20.7%. If 60 risk points are used as the limit the percentages for more
      than 3000 g until less than 2501 g would be 8.2%, 6.9%, 33.3% and 66.7%. In the
      resrospective study (Tab. V) 14.7% of all pregnancies with babies above 3000 g
      exceeded the 50 risk points limit compared with 57.2 of those with babies below
      2501 g. Excluding pregnancies with 20 or more risk points and excellent prental
      care the percentages are 7.6 and 59.4 respectively. In the retrospective study
      the influence of the quality of prenatal care by the number of consultations (3
      4; 5-7; 8 or more) is clearly demonstrable: Pregnancies with more than 50 risk
      points resulted in 80.7%, 57.1% and 19.8% depending on the quality of care in
      babies below 2501 g. Pregnancies with 31-50 risk points did so in 47.2%, 20.4%
      and 11.8%. In 334 women the score could be applied twice, in the 6th month and at
      delivery. Comparing both scores it was found that only 1.8% of these women
      exceeded the 50 risk points limit by events occurring after the 6th month scoring
      (Tab. IV). The score, simple enough to be applied by nurses and midwives, seems
      to be able to select 77.8% of pregnancies resulting in babies below 2501 g
      already during the 6th month of pregnancy, i.e. early enough for preventive
      measures to be taken that decrease the frequency of underweight births by three
      quarters.

PMID- 957081
TI  - Fetal paroxysaml supraventricular tachycardia recorded by intrauterine scalp
      electrocardiography.
AB  - Fetal and neonatal paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PST) requires
      attention because it may be associated with cardiac pathology and neonatal
      demise. Continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate and the ability to record
      clearly interpretable electrocardiograms from fetal scalp electrodes makes
      discovery and diagnoses of these fetal arrhythmias relatively simple. This report
      describes the discovery of this arrhythmia during routine DOPPLER ultrasound
      fetal monitoring and its documentation as PST by fetal scalp electrocardiography.
      (Fig. 1) The fetal heart rate during PST was 300 BPM, higher than previously
      reported. In contrast to previous reports, it did not appear post-natally and no
      pathology was found. Although the significance of transient fetal PST is not
      known, prudence indicates close observation of the neonate. This case
      demonstrates the value of fetal monitoring for the discovery, diagnosis and
      documentation of fetal arrhythmias during labor.

PMID- 957082
TI  - Perceptual development on the Rorschach.
AB  - The Rorschach was given to 60 school children in two designs: CA and MA
      orthogonal (9 and 12 years) and CA =MA (for 6, 9 and 12 years). Responses were
      scored for Form Accuracy, Complexity, Movement, and Friedman's Developmental
      Level (DL) Scoring System. There were significant MA effects independent of CA on
      Form Accuracy, Complexity and DL, and significant CA effects on Complexity and
      Movement. Form Accuracy was highly correlated with the DL score and correlated
      with MA at a slightly higher level than DL with MA. The Complexity score provided
      some additional information about development. Movement decreased with age but
      was higher in intelligent subjects. The results suggested that the DL system does
      assess MA independently of CA, but this is accounted for primarily by Form
      Accuracy.

PMID- 957083
TI  - The relationship between behavioral indices of aggression and hostile content on
      the TAT.
AB  - The role played by fantasy in mitigating the overt expression of aggression was
      investigated by examining the relationship between aggressive behavior and
      aggressive story content on the Thematic Apperception Test. A rating scale,
      checklist, and offense scale were used to measure the aggressive behavior of 76
      juvenile offenders. While only one measure correlated significantly with hostile
      content on the TAT, all three correlations were negative, suggesting an inverse
      relationship between measure of aggression and aggressive content on the TAT.

PMID- 957084
TI  - Interrelationships of psychopathology and adience-abience on the HABGT.
AB  - Using two distinctively different populations, 40 hospitalized schizophrenics and
      100 outpatient therapy cases, the interrelationships of two measures based on the
      HABGT, one of psychopathology and the other of perceptual adience-abience, were
      investigated. The relationships of each of these measures with sex, age, and
      educational level were examined. Both measures significantly differentiate the
      psychotic from the non-psychotic population. Although there is a statistically
      significant correlation between the two measures in each population, it is shown
      that the commonality between them varies from a considerable degree of
      commonality in the schizophrenic group to only a limited degree in the outpatient
      group. Both measures are uncorrelated with sex, age, and level of educational
      attainment. The study offers additional evidence of the values of these two
      measures.

PMID- 957085
TI  - Anxiety and defense against anxiety as reflected in percept-genetic formations.
AB  - Two percept-genetic methods, the Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT) and the Serial
      Afterimage Test (AI), were used to study adaptive aspects of perception in a
      group of 37 subjects suffering from manifest anxiety. The perceptual processes
      laid bare by these methods reflected not only anxiety but also defensive
      formations. MCT and AI correlated with each other in these respects and, when
      combined, correlated with rated symptoms. In accordance with the theory behind
      percept-genetic methods, anxiety signs appearing late in the test serials were
      more likely to correspond to manifest symptoms than signs which appeared early.
      The AI test scores seemed to reflect a difference between anxiety experienced as
      an inherent quality of life and anxiety as a foreign force struggling for
      dominance.

PMID- 957086
TI  - Associative elaboration and integration scales for evaluating TAT protocols.
AB  - An Associative Elaboration Scale and an Integration Scale were constructed for
      evaluating Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) protocols. Interrater reliabilities
      and the correlation between the two scales were determined for a selection of TAT
      cards. The Integration Scale was dropped from further analyses, because its
      interrater reliabilities were low and it correlated highly with the Associative
      Elaboration Scale. The relation between the Associative Elaboration Scale and age
      was then investigated for randomly selected patients aged 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15.
      There tended to be a rapid increase in Associative Elaboration scores up to age
      11 and then little or no increase in scores. There was no significant relation
      between Associative Elaboration and IQ.

PMID- 957087
TI  - Decisiveness and psychological adjustment.
AB  - Decisiveness, defined as the ability of the individual to engage in the decision
      making process, was examined in relation to a number of parameters of
      psychological adjustment. Six decisiveness instruments, a series of adjustment
      measures, and peer rating assessments were obtained for 228 volunteer subjects.
      The pattern of relationships between the decisiveness measures suggested that
      decisiveness is not a monolithic trait, but rather is multidimensional. The
      relationship between the decisiveness and adjustment, with the impressionistic,
      global measures of decisiveness showing a stronger relationship to adjustment
      than the behavioral, objective ones. However, contamination of the data due to
      methods factors was observed, and sex was seen to be a factor in the interaction
      between decisiveness and adjustment. Methodological improvements and suggestions
      for further research are offered.

PMID- 957088
TI  - Correlates of risky decision-making.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to develop a personality pattern which
      could be used for both the explication and prediction of risky behavior in a
      variety of decision-making situations. Two months after the completion of a
      battery of psychological examinations, 240 randomly selected subjects responded
      to three problems adapted from the Kogan and Wallach Choice Dilemma Problems.
      Analyses of the data (correlational, factor analytic, and stepwise multiple
      regression) revealed a stable personality index representative of individuals
      exhibiting riskiness in decision-making. Variables contributing to this pattern
      characterized a dynamic task oriented individual. The results of this study
      should prove useful to future decision-making research by providing a framework
      for prediction.

PMID- 957089
TI  - An evaluation of an MMPI response consistency measure.
AB  - Response inconsistency as an index for invalidating MMPI protocols was
      investigated by measuring the number of inconsistent responses given to 14 pairs
      of identical items by brain-damaged and nonbrain-damaged schizophrenic,
      alcoholic, neurotic and normal patients (n = 22 in each of the 8 groups). In
      addition the patient's number of inconsistent responses were correlated with the
      usual MMPI validity measures (?, L, F and K). Although all the response
      consistency scores of the groups were high it was found that the brain-damaged
      were more response inconsistent than the nonbrain-damaged patients (regardless of
      psychiatric diagnoses). The correlations between response inconsistency and the
      MMPI validity measures were significant but low. Because of the over-all high
      level of response consistency found for all the groups, it was concluded that
      MMPI protocol validity should be based on the validity scale measures, rather
      than upon response inconsistency.

PMID- 957090
TI  - An objective measure of fear of success: construction and validation.
AB  - A 27-item Fear of Success Scale (FOSS) was developed to assess individual
      differences in the motive to avoid success. Females scored significantly higher
      on the FOSS than did males; the FOSS was positively related to Horner's
      projective measure of fear of success, and negatively related to Mehrabian's
      measure of achievement motivation; subjects (both males and females) with high
      scores on the FOSS (a) performed less well on an anagram test, (b) attributed
      success more to external factors, and (c) attributed failure more to internal
      factors than subjects with low scores on the FOSS. These results supported the
      validity of the FOSS with regard to its use in future research.

PMID- 957091
TI  - The Stanford Preschool Internal-External Scale: extension to kindergarteners.
AB  - To investigate whether the characteristics of the recently developed Stanford
      Preschool Internal-External Scale (SPIES; Mischel, Zeiss, & Zeiss, 1974) would
      remain stable for older children of apparently different socioeconomic status
      than the normative sample, the SPIES was administered to 104 kindergarteners of
      essentially middle class background in an ordinary elementary school. The
      findings indicate that the SPIES may be useful in research on perceived locus of
      control in kindergarteners as well as preschool children.

PMID- 957092
TI  - [Determination of the influence of excipients on the absorption of ASA with
      Dibbern apparatus (author's transl)].

PMID- 957093
TI  - [A new quantitative determination of two antibiotics belonging to the group of
      lincosanides (lincomycin and clindamycin) (author's transl].

PMID- 957094
TI  - [Transformations of strychnine in altered chloroform solutions (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 957095
TI  - [A study of active principle transport in liquid oil-in-water emulsions. 1st
      Part: Characterization and control of a model emulsion by the Coulter Counter
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 957096
TI  - [Study of the methods for determination of moisture on powders and granules
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 957097
TI  - Kinesthetic aftereffect and personality: a case study of issues involved in
      construct validation.
AB  - Kinesthetic Aftereffect (KAE), once a promising personality index, has been
      abandoned by many investigators because of poor retest reliability and
      intermittent validity. In challenging this current consensus, we argue that (a)
      first-session KAE is valid; (b) poor retest reliability simply reflects later
      session bias; (c) hence, multisession studies should not be used to assess
      validity without taking this bias into account. Those recent studies which failed
      to support KAE validity were each multisession in design. If our bias contention
      is correct, these studies should be ignored, and the claim of intermittent
      validity is thus rebutted. Reanalysis of the most recent major multisession,
      nonsupportive validity study indicates (a) Session 1 validity, (b) later-session
      bias, and (c) later-session valdiity when multisession scores are combined to
      avoid bias. Thus, KAE validly measures personality.

PMID- 957098
TI  - Stability of adult personality traits: fact or fable?
AB  - Theoretical positions for and against a stability model for adult personality
      traits are examined. Results of a sequential study of 19 personality factors over
      a 7-year period and with participants ranging in age from 22 to 84 years suggest
      that stability within generations appears to be the rule, albeit combined with
      many differences between successive population cohorts and subject to transient
      secular trends. A typology of 13 possible models is offered to account for the
      different developmental trends observed for the various personality factors.

PMID- 957099
TI  - The experience of crowding: a two-factor theory.
AB  - It was proposed that the experience of crowding occurs in a two-step process:
      First, the individual becomes aroused by violations of his personal space, and
      then he attributes the cause of this arousal to other people in his environment.
      Based on this model it was predicted that violations of personal space rather
      than simple density is the spatial variable associated with crowding. Further, it
      was predicted that the experience of crowding can be alleviated if the individual
      is distracted from making the attribution that his arousal is caused by other
      people. In order to test these prediction, interaction distance (close and far)
      and density (high and low) were varied separately. In addition, for half of the
      conditions, pictures (attribution inhibitors) were placed on the walls of the
      experimental room, and in the other half, the walls were bare. Subjects worked on
      two tasks and were then questioned about their experience of crowding. The
      results showed that interaction distance was more closely related to crowding
      than was density and that the addition of pictures reduced the experience of
      crowding only in the close interaction conditions. The results were interpreted
      as supporting the attribution analysis of crowding.

PMID- 957100
TI  - Role-taking standpoint and adolescent usage of Kohlberg's conventional stages of
      moral reasoning.
AB  - By taking into account a respondent's role-taking standpoint, this study proposes
      that moral judgments coded at Kohlberg's conventional stages can be expected to
      vary depending upon (a) the identity of the protagonist implicated in the moral
      dilemma and (b) the nature of the issues raised by the moral dilemmas used.
      Different groups of respondents were asked to answer three versions of Kohlberg's
      moral judgment questionnaire. One version implicated strangers in the dilemmas
      used (fictitious-other questionnaire), while the other two versions implicated
      respondents' best friends or mothers (primary-other questionnaires). A comparison
      of these questionnaire treatments indicates that Stage 3 response rate
      significantly increases and Stage 4 response rate significantly decreases when
      respondents answer primary-other questionnaires. It is suggested that this
      finding casts doubt on the adequacy of the displacement view of moral stage
      acquisition. The displacement perspective argues that as more cognitively complex
      structures are acquired, earlier acquired structures are displaced. In contrast,
      the present study proposes that a "nondisplacement" view of stage acquisition is
      required in order to explain variation observed at Stage 3 when it may be assumed
      that a Stage 4 reasoning capability has been acquired.

PMID- 957101
TI  - Vicarious eyelid conditioning.
AB  - This study attempted to demonstrate that elicited electromyographic (EMG)
      reactions in observers may become conditioned to environmental events during the
      observation of a modeling sequence. Observers were shown a videotape of a model
      in a simulated direct eyelid discriminative conditioning situation involving
      adaptation, acquisition, and extinction trials. Various EMG measures were
      obtained in order to determine the occurrence of vicarious instigation and
      conditioning. The results demonstrated vicarious EMG eyelid responses. Also, the
      motor reactions were found to be localized to specific muscular activity rather
      than a result of general arousal. Some theoretical and clinical implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 957102
TI  - Editorial: Self-serving trade secrets.

PMID- 957103
TI  - Letter: Absolute configuration of tetracycline.

PMID- 957104
TI  - Letter: The bloomin's blossoms have to bloom to be of any value.

PMID- 957105
TI  - Letter: Official microbiological assays.

PMID- 957106
TI  - Nonlinear pharmacokinetic model of intravenous anesthesia.
AB  - A nonlinear pharmacokinetic model was constructed to describe the body
      distribution of intravenous anesthetics, using the physiological modeling
      approach for drug distribution kinetics. The model considers the physiological
      parameters of tissue volumes and blood flow rates for the standard four phases of
      blood, viscera, lean tissue, and adipose tissue and also the associated drug
      parameters known to influence drug distribution. A simple ramp function having a
      characteristic time (volume per flow rate) is used to describe the rate of
      approach to equilibrium conditions for each tissue phase. The model was evaluated
      for the distribution of methohexital and thiopental by comparing calculated
      values to experimental drug concentrations taken from the literature. The
      physiological alteration of obesity also was programmed into the model to
      evaluate its capability for predicting the influence of body alterations on drug
      distribution. The results indicated that a preliminary mathematical model of
      relatively simple design is capable of at least a semiquantitative prediction of
      intravenous anesthetic drug concentrations in body tissues and has the potential
      of accounting for differences in drug distribution in the presence of selected
      physiological alterations.

PMID- 957107
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity and inhibition of cellular respiratory activity by
      substituted imidazolocarbamides.
AB  - Several 1-(1-aryl-2-mercaptoacetylimidazole)-3-alkylcarbamides were synthesized
      and characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental analyses, and IR
      spectra. These substituted imidazolocarbamides possessed anticonvulsant activity,
      which was reflected by the 20-80% protection observed with these compounds
      against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice. These substituted
      imidazolocarbamides selectively inhibited the in vitro oxidation of nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidations of pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate,
      beta-hydroxybutyrate, and NADH by rat brain homogenates. However, NAD-independent
      oxidation of succinate was not affected. The anticonvulsant activity possessed by
      1-(1-aryl-2-mercaptoacetylimidazole)-3-alkylcarbamides had no relationship to
      their ability to inhibit cellular respiratory activity.

PMID- 957108
TI  - Quantum chemical studies on drug action V: Involvement of structure-activity,
      quantum chemical, and hydrophobicity factors in thrombocyte uptake of 5
      hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - Inhibition of the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the thrombocyte by
      various tryptamine derivatives was investigated. The activity depended on the
      nature and position of the substituent. This activity was correlated with the
      total orbital energy and hydrophobicity factors. Other quantum parameters, such
      as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy and the lowest empty molecular
      orbital energy, failed to correlate. The possible involvement of two receptor
      sites that are sterically and electronically dissimilar is postulated because
      compounds fell into two distinct groups. The hydrophobicity factor was important
      in only one group of compounds, while the electronic factor was important in
      both.

PMID- 957109
TI  - Coumarins XIV: high-resolution mass spectra of 3',4'-disubstituted 3',4'
      dihydroseselins.
AB  - High-resolution mass spectra of 14 3',4'-disubstituted 3',4'-dihydroseselins were
      examined. The nature of the substituents determinines the mode of fragmentation.
      Compounds having one or two acyloxy substituents fragment mainly by a pathway
      leading to the stable coumarinopyrilium ion. Coumarins with alkoxy or hydroxy
      substituents proceed by way of fission of the chroman ring, accompanied by the
      loss of two ring carbon atoms. Several generalizations are formulated which will
      aid in the interpretation of the mass spectra of this class of coumarins from a
      structural standpoint.

PMID- 957110
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies of pentylenetetrazol in dogs.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic profiles of pentylenetetrazol in the dog were studied following
      rapid intravenous and oral administrations of a convulsant dose (15-20 mg/kg).
      Plasma level-time curves after a rapid intravenous injection showed biexponential
      decline, indicating that the disposition of this drug in the dog follows a two
      compartment body model. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the
      intravenous data. After oral administration of the solution dose, the peak plasma
      level appeared at about 30 min postdose, indicating that the absorption occurs
      rapidly. Areas under the oral plasma level-time curves s howed that the drug was
      absorbed completely and that the first-pass metabolism effect was minimal. The
      ligation studies of the kidney and the liver suggested that the main elimination
      pathway of this drug was biotransformation in the liver. The average plasma half
      life was 1.4 hr. At steady state, the volume of distribution was approximately
      equivalent to the volume of the total body water.

PMID- 957111
TI  - Model systems for dissolution of finely divided (multisized) drug powders.
AB  - Several reports have dealt with model systems for the dissolution of log-normally
      distributed powders. A numerical solution is presented for the previously
      published Higuchi-Hiestand equations for a log-normal particle-size distribution.
      This solution was realized via an application of the System 360 Continuous System
      Modeling Program (CSMP). The resulting computer-aided calculations were utilized
      in the comparisons between the Higuchi-Hiestand model and other existing models.
      These comparisons provided a basis for the development of an adaptation of the
      Nielsen moving sphere model for log-normally distributed powders. The adaptation
      of the Nielsen equation for multisized particle systems is suggested as being
      potentially useful for treating experimental data where hydrodynamic effects must
      be considered.

PMID- 957112
TI  - Binding characteristics of drugs to synthetic levodopa melanin.
AB  - To define binding characteristics of drugs, levodopa melanin was prepared with
      the aid of mushroom tyrosinase. The binding of radiolabeled substances was
      studied with increasing concentrations of melanin in a fixed volume of potassium
      phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees. The affinity and capacity of the drug
      binding were calculated according to Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The affinity
      constant of various sympathomimetic amines such as (-)-amphetamine, (+)
      amphetamine, (-)-ephedrine, (+/-)-octopamine, and (+)-norepinephrine ranged from
      1.1 to 2.8 X 10(5) M-1. The binding capacity for the amines ranged from 1.4 to
      3.2 X 10(-9) mole/mg. Although the capacity of (+/-)-cocaine for binding was
      similar to that of the amines, the affinity was slightly higher, 8.9 X 10(5) M-1.
      The binding of atropine to the synthetic melanin appeared to be a saturable
      process with the affinity and capacity values of 0.2 X 10(5) M-1 and 7.6 X 10(-9)
      mole/mg, respectively. Although the binding lacks stereoselectivity, the drugs
      vary in their capacity and affinity to bind with melanin. The observed
      differential pharmacological and toxicologic properties of drugs in the pigmented
      tissues may in part be related to their differential bi binding characteristics.

PMID- 957113
TI  - Hermetic packaging of drugs: optimized sealing of foil pouches.
AB  - Factors affecting the sealing of foil packages were studied in the sealing of
      foil packages were studied in three laboratories. The relationship of sealing
      temperature (with machine speed and pressure kept constant) to the incidence of
      defective packages was determined. The maximum acceptable limit for defective
      pouches was 1%. Three tests were employed to detect defects: vacuum-dye, seal
      strength, and pressurized ammonia vapor. Only the last was sensitive enough to
      determine the optimum sealing conditions. This test also was capable of detecting
      leakage sites. Replacement of the cellophane layer of the foil laminate with
      polyvinylidene chloride-coated polyester improved the barrier properties of the
      package.

PMID- 957114
TI  - Comparison of observed and predicted first-pass metabolism of imipramine in
      humans.
AB  - The first-pass metabolism of imipramine was calculated based on the dose, hepatic
      blood flow, and total area under the plasma-time curve after oral administration
      of 0.71 +/- 0.03 mg/kg of imipramine to four individuals suffering from mild
      depression. The predicted values of first-pass metabolism ranged from 37 to 68%,
      consistent with experimentally derived estimates.

PMID- 957115
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of acetaminophen in biological
      fluids.
AB  - A method for the rapid estimation of free acetaminophen in biological fluids is
      described. The assay involves either extraction and high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic analysis on a 10-mum particle-size silica gel column, using a
      mobile phase of 10% chloroform in tetrahydrofuran. The procedure was used to
      determine acetaminophen levels in urine from two healthy volunteers who ingested
      650 mg of 14C-acetaminophen (20 muCi), and the accuracy of the method was
      compared with the carbon-14 determination. The limit of detectability for
      acetaminophen is 1 mug/ml.

PMID- 957116
TI  - GLC determination of doxepin plasma levels.
AB  - A procedure is described for extracting doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant, from
      plasma and subsequently measuring its concentration by GLC. The developed
      technique permits the resolution and quantitative determination of the cis- and
      trans-isomers of doxepin as well as its desmethyl metabolite. The method allows
      precise, reliable measurement of the drug and one of its metabolities in
      concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml of plasma.

PMID- 957117
TI  - Calibration of a horizontal pendulum-type tablet breaking strength tester.
AB  - A rapid, simplified method of checking the calibration of a new motorized
      pendulum type of tablet hardness tester and the accuracy and precision of three
      testers were determined. Two force gauges were calibrated, and both gauges were
      used by two operators to determine the accuracy of the new testers. The
      calibration method using the force gauge was reliable for checking the accuracy.
      The results show the various new testers to be in calibration and to give
      reproducible results.

PMID- 957118
TI  - Antimicrobial agents: synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new aryloxyalkyl
      esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid.
AB  - Several new aryloxyalkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid were synthesized and
      screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Although a few compounds showed low
      antifungal activity, many possessed appreciable in vitro antibacterial activity.
      However, none of these compounds was active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      (H37Rv).

PMID- 957119
TI  - Anti-inflammatory and antiproteolytic properties of 1-(1-naphthylacetyl)-3
      substituted carbamides.
AB  - Several 1-(1-naphthylacetyl)-3-substituted carbamides were synthesized,
      characterized, and evaluated for anti-inflammatory and antiproteolytic activity.
      The protection afforded by most of these carbamides against carrageenan-induced
      edema in rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg ranged from 4.4 to 50%. Some of these
      carbamides, which showed higher protection against carrageenan-induced edema,
      were further evaluated for their antigranulation effect against cotton pellet
      induced granuloma formation in rats. All carbamides showed a poor degree of
      protection against granuloma formation. The antiproteolytic activity of these
      carbamides, as reflected by their ability to inhibit trypsin-induced hydrolysis
      of the bovine serum albumin, was of a low order and was unrelated to their anti
      inflammatory activity.

PMID- 957120
TI  - Isolation of cannabisativine, an alkaloid, from Cannabis sativa L. root.
AB  - An ethanol extract of the root of a Mexican variant of Cannabis sativa
      L.(marijuana) afforded, after partitioning and chromatography, the new spermidine
      alkaloid cannabisativine.

PMID- 957121
TI  - Synthesis and antibacterial and antifungal activities of alkyl and polyhalophenyl
      esters of benzo[b]-3-methyl-2-furancarbamic acid.
AB  - Several alkyl and polyhalophenyl esters of benzo[b]-3-methyl-2-furancarbamic acid
      were prepared and tested for antifungal activity against Candida albicans,
      Penicillium notatum, and Aspergillus niger. The pentachlorophenyl ester was the
      most active substance and the only compound to show antibacterial activity
      against Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 957122
TI  - Simultaneous analysis of hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone phosphate by high
      pressure liquid chromatography: reversed-phase, ion-pairing approach.
AB  - The reversed-phase, ion-pairing approach to high-pressure liquid chromatography
      was applied to the simultaneous analysis of hydrocortisone and its phosphate
      ester in laboratory-prepared samples and injectable solutions. Results of this
      technique were evaluated and compared with results of the official procedure.

PMID- 957123
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of thiothixene in
      pharmaceutical formulations.
AB  - A method was developed for the quantitative determination of thiothixene in
      pharmaceutical formulations by high-pressure liquid chromatography after
      dissolution of the sample in methanol.

PMID- 957124
TI  - Structural features and protective activity of dexamethasone and pregnenolone-16
      alpha-carbonitrile.
AB  - Pretreatment with dexamethasone acetate or pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile
      markedly diminished the pharmacological effect of zoxazolamine in rats. This
      prophylactic action was associated with significantly decreased plasma drug
      levels, which, in turn, were correlated with enhanced hepatic drug
      biotransformation, induced by the steroids. Dexamethasone proved to be more
      active than pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile in this respect. The A-ring
      conformation as well as the distances of O-3-O-11, O-11-O-17, and the O-3-mean
      plane C-5-C-17 may be key factors in glucocorticoid activity, and the longer the
      distances, the greater the potency. These characteristics have no bearing on
      catatoxic activity for which the 16 alpha-substituent appears to be a structural
      prerequisite.

PMID- 957125
TI  - Differences in ocular penetration of pilocarpine in rabbits of different ages.

PMID- 957126
TI  - Culture of isotopically substituted plants of pharmacological importance:
      conservation and recycling of stable isotope substrates.

PMID- 957127
TI  - Biased bioavailability estimates.

PMID- 957128
TI  - Stability of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in tablets.
AB  - Stability of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in various tablet formulations and the
      nature and extent of formation of decomposition products (dehydroascorbic acid,
      diketogulonic acid, and oxalic acid) were determined under normal conditions of
      storage and in simulated use tests. IR spectrophotometric, colorimetric,
      fluorometric, titrimetric, polarographic, and chromatographic methods were
      applied. Recent implications concerning the instability of ascorbic acid in
      tablets and the potentially harmful nature of the breakdown products are shown to
      be unfounded. Under normal storage conditions, commerical-type ascorbic acid
      tablets are stable for over 5 years (greater than 95% potency retention). The
      amounts of all three breakdown products formed under the various storage
      conditions constitute a small percentage of the ascorbic acid content and pose no
      dietary hazard. IR spectroscopy was inadequate as a quantitative method for
      evaluating ascorbic acid potency in tablet formulations. The official titration
      methods and TLC, colorimetric, and polarographic determinations correlate well
      and define accurately the stability of ascorbic acid in these dosage forms.

PMID- 957129
TI  - Combined assays for vitamins A, D (ergocalciferol), and E in multivitamin
      preparations with separation by reversed-phase partition chromatography.
AB  - A rapid method was developed whereby vitamins A, D (ergocalciferol), and E in
      multivitamin products are measured in a common assay sample. The method depends
      on reversed-phase partition chromatography by which the vitamin alcohols are
      eluted in separate fractions from a column. Vitamins A and E are then determined
      by their UV absorption, while vitamin D is measured colorimetrically with an
      antimony trichloride reagent. The column consists of diatomaceous earth
      impregnated with dimethyl polysiloxane, with n-heptane as the immobile solvent,
      and 90% methanol followed by 95% methanol as the mobile solvents. Vitamins A and
      D elute in that order in the 90% methanol, and finally vitamin E elutes in the
      95% methanol fraction. The method is widely applicable to various types of
      multivitamin and vitamin-mineral products including oil-based, water-based, and
      dry formulations.

PMID- 957130
TI  - Effect of inorganic additives on solutions of nonionic surfactants III: CMC's and
      surface properties.
AB  - Continuing work on the interaction of inorganic additives with nonionic
      surfactants in aqueous solution dealt with their effect on the CMC and surface
      tension. The surfactants were octoxynol and polyoxyethylated oleyl alcohol,
      containing an average of 9.5 and 10 ethylene oxide units, respectively. Their CMC
      values were lowered by most electrolytes studied, representing salting out of the
      surfactants. The steepest reductions in the CMC were produced by the nitrates of
      sodium and potassium, which had been found to lower the cloud points of nonionic
      surfactants, salting them out because of the inability of their cations to form
      complexes with the ether oxygen linkages of the polyoxyethylene moieties.
      However, even electrolytes with cations such as hydrogen, lithium, calcium,
      nickel, lead, and aluminum capable of forming complexes with the ether oxygens,
      thereby increasing the cloud points of the surfactants, lowered their CMC values.
      In the presence of increasing concentrations of the latter electrolytes, the CMC
      values frequently went through minima and approached the CMC of the surfactant in
      the absence of additives. Increases in the CMC over the entire range of additive
      concentrations investigated were produced by cadmium nitrate for octoxynol, urea
      for polyoxyethylated oleyl alcohol, and magnesium nitrate for both. Net increases
      in the plateau or micellar surface tension of polyoxyethylated oleyl alcohol,
      i.e., in the constant surface tension of surfactant solutions above the CMC, were
      brought about by the nitrates of cadmium, aluminum, and magnesium at low
      concentrations only and by urea at all concentrations. This increase is
      interpreted as salting in. The area per surfactant molecule adsorbed at the air
      water interface was reduced by all added electrolytes. Urea caused no such
      reduction.

PMID- 957131
TI  - Effect of inorganic additives on solutions of nonionic surfactants IV: Krafft
      points.
AB  - Two polydisperse polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants were found to possess
      Krafft points as well as cloud points. The significance of the Krafft point and
      the reason why it is rarely observed in nonionic surfactants are discussed. The
      values of the Krafft and cloud points of the two surfactants underwent only small
      changes as a function of surfactant concentration in the range of 0.5-7.5% (w/w).
      All electrolytes investigated, as well as urea, raised the Krafft points by
      between 1 and 4 degrees in the concentration range of 0.5-4 molal. Included were
      salting-in electrolytes, which raised the cloud points, as well as salting-out
      electrolytes, which lowered them. Electrolytes that salt out nonionic surfactants
      strongly may depress the cloud point to the Krafft point temperature, rendering a
      water-soluble surfactant insoluble in salt solutions at all temperatures.

PMID- 957132
TI  - Interactions of adenine, thymine, and uracil with epinephrine: UV studies.
AB  - Based upon UV absorption studies, charge transfer complex formations by the
      nucleic acid bases adenine, thymine, and uracil with epinephrine were
      demonstrated. The pertient equilibrium constants were calculated by assuming 1:1
      complexes using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation and were found to decrease in the
      following order: uracil-epinephrine greater than thymine-epinephrine greater than
      adenine-epinephrine. The values of delta G degrees, delta H degrees, and delta S
      degrees were calculated for the various interactions. Theoretical arguments are
      presented as to the possible stoichiometries of the various complexes existing in
      aqueous solutions. The electron-donating or electron-accepting abilities of the
      interacting molecular species are discussed.

PMID- 957133
TI  - Analysis of alkaloid mixtures by charge-transfer complexation.
AB  - Binary mixtures of weak and strong UV-absorbing alkaloids were analyzed by a
      charge-transfer spectrophotometric method, utilizing iodine in ethylene
      dichloride as the acceptor. In the uncomplexed form, the strong absorbing
      alkaloid (papaverine, quinine, ergotamine, or reserpine) was measured at a
      wavelength where there was no interference from weak absorbers (at 335, 332, 315,
      or 300 nm, respectively). The weak absorbing alkaloid (ephedrine, codeine,
      atropine, or homatropine methylbromide) was determined by computing its
      contribution to the total charge-transfer band at 295 nm where absorbance was
      linearly additive for mixtures. The greater increase in the original epsilon
      values of the weak absorbers upon complexation with iodine relative to the
      corresponding increase in the epsilon-values of the strong absorbers led to good
      recoveries even at the low dose ratios of the weakly absorbing, and often more
      potent, alkaloids.

PMID- 957134
TI  - Physical aspects of wet granulations I: distribution kinetics of water.
AB  - The kinetics of wetting during the process of making tablet granulations were
      studied; the process progresses through an intermediate (overwetted)
      nonequilibrium granule to a final, equilibrated granule. In systematic
      formulation changes, there is an optimum composition from the point of view of
      hardness and content of equilibrium granules.

PMID- 957135
TI  - Comparative serum prednisone and prednisolone concentrations following prednisone
      or prednisolone administration to beagle dogs.
AB  - The relative serum prednisone and prednisolone concentrations were determined
      following the administration of prednisone or prednisolone as 5-mg tablets to
      male beagle dogs. Serum prednisone concentrations were significantly greater
      following prednisone administration than they were following prednisolone
      administration. Serum prednisolone concentrations were significantly greater
      following treatment with prednisolone than with prednisone. The combined
      prednisone and prednisolone areas under the serum concentration-time curves were
      similar for the two treatments.

PMID- 957136
TI  - Modification of the Rigaku-Denki x-ray goniometer with Kratky collimator for
      weakly scattering solutions.

PMID- 957137
TI  - Two-reflection null ellipsometer without a compensator.

PMID- 957138
TI  - Proceedings: Polarographic measurement of O2 consumption in frog sartorius muscle
      at 0 DEGREES C.

PMID- 957140
TI  - Proceedings: A population of miniature end-plate potentials not evoked by nerve
      stimulation.

PMID- 957139
TI  - Proceedings: Membrane potentials and properties of human erythrocytes and ghosts
      assessed with a fluorescent dye, 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2' thiadicarbocyanine, diS-C3
      (5).

PMID- 957141
TI  - Proceedings: Blockade of desensitization of glutamate receptors on insect muscle
      by concanavalin A.

PMID- 957142
TI  - Proceedings: Induction of ACh sensitivity at new neuromuscular junctions.

PMID- 957143
TI  - Proceedings: Changes in acetylcholinesterase concentration in rabbit
      cerebrospinal fluid following central electrical stimulation.

PMID- 957144
TI  - Proceedings: Comparison of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide
      administered by inhalation and by intravenous infusion in the cat.

PMID- 957145
TI  - Proceedings: Permeability patterns of frog mesenteric capillaries to coloured
      molecules.

PMID- 957146
TI  - Proceedings: The participation of carotid sinus baroreceptors in the control of
      vasopressin secretion.

PMID- 957147
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of changing the duration of inflation of the lung on the
      associated phrenic motoneurone output.

PMID- 957148
TI  - Proceedings: The carotid chemoreceptor input to the inspiratory neurones of the
      nucleus of the tractus solitarius.

PMID- 957149
TI  - Proceedings: The nervous and pharmacological control of tracheal mucus secretion
      in the goose.

PMID- 957150
TI  - Proceedings: The influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the
      microcirculation of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 957151
TI  - Proceedings: The reflex control of respiration and heart rate by the carotid body
      chemoreceptors during experimental dives in the harbour seal.

PMID- 957152
TI  - Proceedings: The carotid chemoreceptor in the normal and wobbler mutant mouse.

PMID- 957153
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of prostaglandin F2alpha and prostaglandin D2 on the body
      temperature of conscious cats.

PMID- 957154
TI  - Proceedings: Behavioural temperature regulation in the fowl.

PMID- 957155
TI  - Proceedings: The contribution of real electromyogram to recordings of bladder
      electrical activity.

PMID- 957156
TI  - Proceedings: Functional differences between individuals ants (Cataglyphis bicolor
      Fab.).

PMID- 957157
TI  - Rectification in the smooth muscle cell membrane of rabbit aorta.
AB  - 1. The current-voltage relation of the smooth muscle cell membrane of rabbit
      aorta was determined by the partition method. 2. No anomalous rectification was
      observed in any of the following solutions: normal Krebs, Na free choline, Na
      sulphate, and high K-Na free sulphate. 3. Delayed rectification was seen on
      application of depolarizing current in both normal Krebs solution and Na free
      choline solution. 4. High concentration of K made the steady-state current
      voltage relation almost linear in a voltage range of about 0 to -20mV. This
      effect, and steady-state cathodal rectification which was seen in physiological
      solution, could be explained qualitatively by constant field theory without
      involving channels capable of anomalous rectification. 5. A slow decrease in K
      conductance, during application of large and long-lasting hyperpolarizing
      currents, which occurs in skeletal muscle and is attributed to the tubule system,
      was never observed in the arteries either in Krebs, Na-free choline, or Na
      sulphate solution.

PMID- 957158
TI  - A quantitative description of end-plate currents in the presence of two lidocaine
      derivatives.
AB  - 1. Possible ways in which local anaesthetics may act to produce their
      characteristic alterations of end-plate current (e.p.c.s) are considered. 2.
      Following Magleby & Stevens (1972b), it is proposed that when acetylcholine (ACh)
      binds to its end-plate receptor it induces a conformational change which causes
      an increased ionic permeability and, thus, the measured e.p.c.; the reverse
      conformational change which returns the permeability to its resting state is
      postulated to be the rate-limiting event for e.p.c. decay whether or not local
      anaesthetics are present. Moreover, it is proposed that the ACh receptor had
      multiple binding sites and the local anaesthetics can bind to one or more of
      these sites thereby altering the conformational changes induced when ACh binds to
      remaining sites. 3. Equations based on this proposal are developed and are shown
      to provide an accurate description of the entire e.p.c. time couse as modified by
      eith QX-222 or QX-314. 4. Other models are also discussed; models in which local
      anaesthetic molecules bind only after receptor activation appear to be ruled out.

PMID- 957159
TI  - Analysis of spontaneous activity of auditory neurones in the spiral ganglion of
      the guinea-pig cochlea.
AB  - 1. Spontaneous activity of single afferent neurones in the cochlea of the guinea
      pig was studied by measurement of mean rates and computation of interspike
      interval histograms. 2. The shapes of interval histograms agreed with those found
      in cat cochlear nerve fibres. Modes of the histograms were less than 7 msec for
      all cells with mean rates ranging from 20 to 150 spikes/sec. 3. The distribution
      of mean rates showed higher maximum rates than those found in cat. Cells from
      animals with abnormally high thresholds showed lower mean rates than those from
      sensitive animals. 4. No correlation was found between mean spontaneous rate and
      sensitivity to acoustic stimulation. No discrete populations of cells could be
      discerned on any of the criteria used. 5. The simultaneous effects of hypoxia on
      cell thresholds, mean spontaneous rate and scala media potentials are reported.
      These and other results are discussed in relation to possible sites of generation
      of spontaneous activity in primary auditory afferents.

PMID- 957160
TI  - Vasodepressor effects obtained by drugs acting on the ventral surface of the
      brain stem.
AB  - 1. In cats anaesthetized with I.P. pentobarbitone sodium and atropinized with
      intravenous atropine methyl nitrate, the effects on arterial blood pressure were
      examined of nicotine, physostigmine, carbachol, glycine and pentobarbitone sodium
      applied to the exposed ventral surface of the brain stem by means of paired
      Perspex rings placed across the medulla. The drugs were placed inside each ring
      in a volume of 10mul. 2. Nicotine (0-5-6mg/ml.) produced a fall in blood pressure
      when the upper limit of the areas covered by the rings was about 5-6 mm caudal,
      but not when it was just caudal to the trapezoid bodies. The depressor effect was
      obtained both on bilateral and unilateral application. After application the
      nicotine sensitive area became for several minutes insensitive to its renewed
      application. 3. The depressor effect of nicotine was sensitive to hexamethonium
      (50 mg/ml.) but resistant to atropine (50 mg/ml.) similarly applied. 4. When the
      nicotine sensitive areas had become insensitive to nicotine, bilateral carotid
      occulusion produced its normal sustained pressor response. 5. By applying the
      nicotine through a single Perspex ring which could be moved stepwise along and
      across the medulla, the nicotine sensitive area was localized and the highest
      sensitivity was found in a region around and a little caudal to the rootlets of
      the XIIth cranial nerve. 6. Physostigmine (25 and 50 mg/ml.) and carbachol (6
      mg/ml.) produced a fall in blood pressure when the uppermost limits of the areas
      covered by the paired rings were 5-6 mm caudal to and also when they were just
      caudal to the trapezoid bodies. From both regions the effects were obtained on
      bilateral and unilateral application. Their depressor effects were sensitive to
      atropine but resistant to hexamethonium similarly applied. 7. Glycine (200
      mg/ml.) and pentobarbitone sodium (100 mg/ml.) produced scarcely any blood
      pressure effects when applied bilaterally to the nicotine sensitive areas but
      produced strong depressor effects on more rostral application, i.e. when the
      uppermost limit of the areas covered by the rings were just caudal to the
      trapezoid bodies. 8. It is concluded that the ventral surface of the medulla
      contains at least two bilateral areas from which vasodepressor effects are
      obtained on topical application of drugs: a more caudally situated one which is
      sensitive to nicotine, but insensitive to glycine and pentobarbitone sodium; a
      more rostrally situated one which is insensitive to nicotine but sensitive to
      glycine and pentobarbitone sodium; and both areas are sensitive to carbachol and
      physostigmine.

PMID- 957161
TI  - The effect of temperature on potassium chloride contracture in cat myocardium.
AB  - 1. Contracture was induced in cat myocardium by exposure to 140 mM-KC1 In
      isotonic Tyrode solution. Force of contracture expressed as mg/mm2 (muscle cross
      sectional area) falls with increasing cross-sectional area. 2. The effect of
      temperature on isometric force developed during contracture was evaluated both in
      normal (untreated) atrial and ventricular muscle and following treatment with
      sympatholytic drugs. 3. The force of contracture was not significantly affected
      by sympatholytic drugs at 36 degrees C. 4. In normal atrial and ventricular
      muscle, force of contracture decreased when the muscle was cooled from 36 to
      either 29 or 20 degrees C. 5. In atrial muscle, the effect of temperature was not
      changed by sympatholytic drugs. In contrast, exposure to sympatholytic drugs
      increased contracture force developed by ventricular muscle at 20 degrees C.
      Also, contracture force was significantly greater at 20 than at 36 degrees C in
      ventricular muscle from reserpine-pretreated cats. 6. It is suggested that
      ventricular muscle becomes more sensitive to the relaxing effects of endogenous
      catecholamines at temperature is lowered. 7. The differences shown between atrial
      and ventricular muscle with respect to the effect of temperature and
      sympatholytic drugs on contracture force may result from the differing amounts of
      sarcoplasmic reticulum found in these types of cardiac muscle and also from
      different mechanisms of "excitation-contracture" coupling in atrial and
      ventricular muscle.

PMID- 957162
TI  - Active sodium uptake by the skin of foetal sheep and pigs.
AB  - 1. Simultaneous measurements of unidirectional sodium fluxes across foetal skin
      incubated in vitro with identical solutions ([Na] = 150 mM) bathing either side
      showed a flux ratio (influx/efflux) of 1-40+/-0-08 in twenty-seven sheep skins,
      which was significantly different from unity (P less than 0-001). The gestational
      ages ranged from 47 to 98 days (term = 147 days). Similar experiments on eight
      foetal pig skins at 58 days gestation (term = 114-118 days) gave a mean flux
      ratio of 1-10 +/- 0-03 (P less than 0-02). 2. Unidirectional sodium fluxes
      measured with dilute Ringer solution on the outside (mucosal) surface ([Na]0 =
      100mM) gave influx to efflux ratios of 0-86 +/- 0-09 in seventeen sheep (P less
      than 0-05) and 1-07 +/- 0-26 in five foetal pigs; the value predicted for passive
      movement was 0-67. 3. Incubation with inhibitors, ouabain (10-4 M) or
      dinitrophenol (DNP) (10-4 M) gave a flux ratio for sodium which was not
      significantly different from unity in the absence of a gradient, or from 0-67
      when the concentration gradient was applied. 4. Sequential measurement of
      unidirectional diffusional fluxes of tritiated water across foetal skin gave flux
      ratios of 0-98 +/- 0-02 in six sheep skins and 1-06 +/- 0-11 for four pig skins
      in control conditions. When the outside solution was diluted to give an osmotic
      gradient of 100 m-osmole. kg-1 across the skin a flux ratio of 0-95 +/- 0-07 was
      obtained for seven sheep and was not measured in pig skin. Hormones and
      inhibitors had no effect on the diffusional flux ratio for water in the presence
      or absence of an osmotic gradient. 5. Lysine vasopressin (ADH) (200 mu./ml.)
      increased influx and efflux of water in the presence and, to a lesser extent in
      the absence of an osmotic gradient in sheep skin. In pig skin prolactin (1
      u./ml.) increased both influx and efflux, but ADH had no effect on diffusional
      water fluxes. 6. ADH increased sodium influx in sheep skin slightly but vasotocin
      (5-5 mu./ml.) was more potent, particularly in the presence of an opposing
      diffusion gradient. Vasotocin (55 mu./ml.) reduced sodium influx in pig skin ADH
      had no effect on influx or efflux and prolactin reduced sodium influx and efflux.
      Ouabain and DNP generally reduced permeability to both sodium and water in sheep
      skin but had no effect in pig skin.

PMID- 957163
TI  - Proceedings: Some properties of bipolar cells in the retina of dogfish and rays.

PMID- 957164
TI  - The effect of hormones and of an osmotic gradient on the structure and properties
      of mammalian foetal urinary bladder in vitro.
AB  - 1. Water and isotope fluxes were measured by incubating urinary bladders of
      foetal pigs and sheep in vitro in the presence and absence of a concentration and
      osmotic gradient. The structure of the urinary bladder of foetal pigs under
      various conditions was studied by electron microscopy. Its ultrastructure was
      found to be closely similar to that of foetal sheep. 2. Antidiuretic hormone
      (ADH) (0-2 U. ml-1) enhanced the enlargement of intercellular spaces caused by
      dilute mucosal medium in pig bladders; prolactin (1 u. ml-1) prevented osmotic
      dilatation of the intercellular spaces. 3. The hydraulic conductivity, Lp, was
      estimated to be 0-5 X 10 (-7) cm.s-1atm-1 in sheep and pigs at about 100 days
      gestation; the ratio of osomotic to diffusional permeability, (LpRT/VW)/PD, in
      the presence and absence of ADH, was 2-1 and 1-6 respectively. These are similar
      to the values found in fish gills. 4. Prolactin reduced bulk flow of water to
      zero in seven out of eight bladders investigated. Incubation with ADH or
      vasotocin (55 mu. ml-1) in the presence of prolactin restored water flux to 22%
      and 45% of control values respectively. 5. There was no significant net flux of
      sodium from mucosa to serosa in pig bladder except in the presence of prolactin.
      No net flux of sodium occurred from mucosal to serosal side of pig or sheep
      bladders in the presence of an adverse electrochemical gradient, although in
      sheep the permeability ratio was significantly greater than one. 6. The
      diffusional flux ratio for water remained unity under all conditions; vasotocin
      increased unidirectional fluxes and prolactin reduced them. The flux ratios were
      unaffected by the direction of bulk fluid flow, probably because diffusion was
      rapid compared to flow: the ratio of diffusional flux to volume flow was between
      11 and 18.

PMID- 957165
TI  - Location of stretch receptors in the trachea and bronchi of the dog.
AB  - 1. Using single fibre vagal afferent recording techniques, we have investigated
      the longitudinal and circumferential location of slowly adapting stretch
      receptors in a functionally isolated, in situ segment of the trachea in dogs. 2.
      We have also studied the depth of these receptors within the airway wall and
      their response to reflex and drug induced contraction of the airway smooth
      muscle. 3. Thirty-four per cent of the receptors studied were in the
      extrathoracic trachea; calculations indicate that about 17-1% of all airway
      stretch receptors lie outside the thorax. 4. All the receptors were located in
      the membranous posterior wall of the trachea, and those tested responded more to
      transverse than to longitudinal stretching of the wall. 5. Receptors in the
      extrathoracic trachea continued to function after the regional mucosa had been
      widely resected; subsequent removal of histolocially proven smooth muscle tissue
      caused the abrupt cessation of receptor discharge. 6. Contraction of airway
      smooth muscle brought about an increase in receptor discharge frequency. 7.
      Similar results were found for a smaller number of stretch receptors located in
      the mainstem and lobar bronchi. 8. These findings procided evidence that stretch
      receptors are anatomically located within the smooth muscle layer of the airways
      and are functionally aranged in series with the muscle fibres.

PMID- 957166
TI  - Proceedings: A current pump monitor for micro-iontophoresis circuits.

PMID- 957167
TI  - Transduction properties of tracheal stretch receptors.
AB  - 1. Using single fibre vagal afferent recording, we have studied the behavior of
      slowly adapting stretch receptors located in an isolated, in situ, segment of the
      trachea in dogs. Responses to positive and negative steady and oscillating
      transmural pressures were investigated. 2. Seventy-eight per cent of the
      receptors studied were tonically active at resting tracheal volume. Ninety per
      cent showed a more pronounced response to positive than to negative transmural
      pressures. 3. During pressure oscillations the majority of the receptors had a
      higher discharge frequency at any given pressure during the ascending phase of
      the pressure wave than at the same pressure under static conditions. During most
      of the ensuing descent of pressure toward zero the discharge frequency led
      transmural pressure. 4. With increasing frequency of oscillation the differences
      from the static responses increased (dP/dt sensitivity), especially during the
      ascending limb of the pressure oscillation (rectifying behavior). 5. In a small
      number of receptors, discharge frequency lagged behind transmural pressure or was
      in phase with it ("no loop" pattern). 6. In three cases the same receptor
      exhibited dP/dt sensitivity during positive pressure oscillations, whereas
      discharge frequency lagged behind pressure during negative pressure oscillations.
      This indicates that the lack of dP/dt sensitivity exhibited under negative
      pressure conditions does not represent an intrinsic property of these receptors,
      but reflects some aspect of their mechanical arrangement within the airway wall.
      7. THESE PATTERNS OF RESPONSE ARE DISCUSSed in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic
      characteristics of the receptors. 8. The physiological implications  of stretch
      receptor behaviour are also considered.

PMID- 957168
TI  - Proceedings: A robust transducer suitable for measuring forces of 1 muN.

PMID- 957169
TI  - Proceedings: A rapid method of F-wave analysis, using a three-dimensional
      plotting technique.

PMID- 957170
TI  - Proceedings: Isotachophoretic analysis of muscle extracts.

PMID- 957171
TI  - Release of peptide hydrolases during incubation of intact intestinal segments in
      vitro.
AB  - 1. Rat intestinal segments have been incubated in isotonic saline in vitro and
      release of peptide hydrolase enzymes into the incubation media examined over a 90
      min study period. 2. Chemical assay data, as well as analysis of electrophoretic
      mobilities of release enzymes on starch gel, indicate that peptide hydrolase
      enzymes in the incubation media originate predominantly from the cytoplasm of the
      mucosal cells. 3. Peptide hydrolases were released rapidly from intact intestinal
      segments. Release occurred from the start of the in vitro incubations and was not
      affected by temperature and shaking. 4. It is concluded that compared to the in
      vivo situation, cytoplasmic peptide hydrolases are released from intestinal
      tissue very rapidly in vitro. Caution is therefore required when comparing
      results of in vivo and in vitro peptide absorption experiments.

PMID- 957172
TI  - Proceedings: Changes in the probability of firing of human motor units following
      cutaneous nerve stimulation.

PMID- 957173
TI  - Proceedings: The role of sympathetic nerves in nasal secretion in the cat.

PMID- 957174
TI  - Proceedings: The space-clamped retina.

PMID- 957175
TI  - Proceedings: Auto-instruction in histology and cell biology as a substitute for
      traditional laboratory activities.

PMID- 957176
TI  - Proceedings: Distribution and localization of tritiated amino acids by
      autoradiography in the cat spinal cord in vivo.

PMID- 957177
TI  - Proceedings: Pressure measurements in the terminal lymphatics of the cat
      mesentery.

PMID- 957178
TI  - Proceedings: Vascular permeability in the perfused cat salivary gland using
      single passage multiple tracer dilution.

PMID- 957179
TI  - Proceedings: The visual input to the pigeon cerebellum.

PMID- 957180
TI  - Proceedings: Paradoxical reversal of lateralization of the half-field pattern
      evoked response with monopolar and bipolar electrode montages.

PMID- 957181
TI  - Proceedings: Stability of vision with a paralysed eye.

PMID- 957182
TI  - Proceedings: Functional organization in the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate
      complex.

PMID- 957183
TI  - Proceedings: The time course of human vision.

PMID- 957185
TI  - Proceedings: Prolonged changes in physiological tremor, following a brief maximal
      voluntary contraction of human muscle.

PMID- 957184
TI  - Proceedings: Morphological changes in the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei of
      kittens raised with surgically produced squint.

PMID- 957186
TI  - Proceedings: Extracellular Ca and response of sheep carotid artery to
      depolarization.

PMID- 957187
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of temperature on the pCa-tension relation of skinned
      ventricular muscle of the cat.

PMID- 957188
TI  - Proceedings: Regulation of tonic tension in frog atrial muscle by voltage
      dependent Na-Ca exchange.

PMID- 957189
TI  - Proceedings: Voltage clamp of frog sinus venosus.

PMID- 957190
TI  - Proceedings: Potentiation of cardiac muscle: dependence on resting muscle length.

PMID- 957191
TI  - Proceedings: Living muscle studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 957192
TI  - Proceedings: Intracellular recordings from new-born pig colon.

PMID- 957193
TI  - Proceedings: Penetration of plasma proteins from blood into c.s.f. in the
      immature foetal sheep.

PMID- 957194
TI  - Proceedings: Parallel secretion of amylase, tryposinogen and chymotrypsinogen
      from the in vitro rabbit pancreas.

PMID- 957195
TI  - Proceedings: Inhibition of compensatory renal hypertrophy by the renal cortex.

PMID- 957196
TI  - Proceedings: The changes in renal function produced by infusion of hypertonic
      saline into the blood supplying a dog's kidney denervated by "auto
      transplantation".

PMID- 957197
TI  - Proceedings: Integral analysis of renal clearance data in the routine measurement
      of glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 957198
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of pyruvate and ouabain on isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 957199
TI  - Proceedings: Fatigue in human muscle in relation to the number and frequency of
      motor impulses.

PMID- 957200
TI  - Proceedings: Force enhancement induced by stretch of contracting single isolated
      muscle fibres of the frog.

PMID- 957201
TI  - Proceedings: The possible role of parvalbumins in the control of contraction.

PMID- 957202
TI  - Proceedings: Calcium-dependent calcium efflux from intact squid axons: Ca-Ca
      exchange or net extrusion?

PMID- 957203
TI  - Proceedings: Binding to nerve and muscle of saxitoxin labelled by a new method of
      tritium exchange.

PMID- 957204
TI  - Sites of autoregulatory escape of blood flow in the mesenteric vascular bed.
AB  - 1. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the intestinal vascular bed results
      in an initial decrease in blood flow followed by a recovery towards the control
      level. This recovery was termed autoregulatory escape by Folkow and his co
      workers and they suggested it was associated with a redistribution of blood flow
      within the intestinal wall. This theory has been examined in cats anaesthetized
      with pentobarbitone sodium. 2. The sympathetic nerves to the intestinal vascular
      bed were stimulated for 4 min periods at a submaximal frequency (4 Hz). The blood
      flows to individual parts of the superior mesenteric arterial bed (whole
      intestine, mucosal and submucosal layer, muscle layer of intestine, mesentery and
      lymph nodes, appendix and colon) were measured using radioactive microspheres
      before, at the peak of the vasoconstriction (30 sec), after autoregulatory escape
      had occurred (3-5 min) and during the hyperaemia after cessation of nerve
      stimulation. 3. All parts of the mesenteric vascular bed showed a significant
      initial vasoconstriction followed by a recovery in the flow to a level not
      significantly different from the pre-stimulation control flow. All parts showed a
      significant hyperaemia after cessation of stimulation. The distribution of the
      superior mesenteric flow at the peak of the vasoconstriction, after
      autoregulatory escape had occurred and during the hyperaemia after cessation of
      nerve stimulation was not significantly different from that during the control
      period. 4. It is concluded that all parts of the mesenteric vascular bed show
      autoregulatory escape and that this phenomenon is not associated with a
      redistribution of blood flow within the intestinal wall. Autoregulatory escape
      must involve relaxation of the same vessels which were originally constricted and
      various theories on the mechanism of the escape are discussed.

PMID- 957205
TI  - Proceedings: Fluctuating anaesthetic state in the rat anaesthetized with
      urethane.

PMID- 957206
TI  - Proceedings: Cortical and pyramidal influences on rat motoneurones.

PMID- 957207
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of anaesthetic agents on the responses of cells in the
      cuneate nucleus of the rat.

PMID- 957208
TI  - Functional and structural changes in mammalian sympathetic neurones following
      colchicine application to post-ganglionic nerves.
AB  - 1. The effects of post-ganglionic colchicine application on neurones of the
      guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion were studied with intracellular recording
      and electron microscopy. 2. Local colchicine application for 30 min to one of the
      major post-ganglionic nerves caused several electrophysiological changes after 4
      7 days in many neurones whose axons run in this nerve. These changes include: (a)
      a reduction in the amplitude of synaptic potentials elicited by supramaximal
      preganglionic stimulation; (b) a decrease in the number of preganglionic fibres
      innervating individual neurones; (c) the development of regenerative responses in
      dendrites; and (d) the failure of antidromic action potentials to fully invade
      the neuronal soma. These functional changes occurred in the absence of impaired
      impulse conduction or axon degeneration, and were not observed in nearby neurones
      whose axons ran in an untreated post-ganglionic nerve. The effects of colchicine
      are similar to the changes produced by axotomy. 3. Counts of synapses in thin
      sections from the region of the ganglion where the affected neurones were located
      showed a reduction, compared to the number of synapses in other regions of the
      colchicine treated ganglia, or normal control ganglia. This finding indicates
      that synaptic depression after colchicine treatment, like that after axotomy, is
      due primarily to a loss of synaptic contacts from the dendrites of affected nerve
      cells. Unusual profiles containing numerous vesicular and tubular organelles
      frequently seen after interruption of the axons were also observed in thin
      sections after colchicine treatment. 4. The similarity of the
      electrophysiological and ultrastructural effects of colchicine treatment and axon
      interruption offers further support for the view that synaptic contacts on
      sympathetic neurones are normally regulated by an interaction of the neuronal
      soma with its axonal extension to the periphery.

PMID- 957209
TI  - Proceedings: The effects of dorsal column section on the evoked convulsions
      induced by catechol administration.

PMID- 957210
TI  - Activation of two types of fibres in rat extraocular muscles.
AB  - 1. The contractile responses of the inferior rectus, one of the extraocular
      muscles of the rat, to a depolarization induced by an elevation of the potassium
      concentration in the external medium ([K]O) have been studied 'in vitro'. 2. The
      elevation of [K]O to 20 and 30 mM-K produced contractures that consisted of a
      sustained or tonic tension. When [K]O was increased to 50 mM or more a well
      defined transient or phasic tension appeared before the tonic response. The
      increment of [K]O above 50 mM enhanced the phasic component and depressed the
      tonic tension. The maximal tonic tension, usually evoked by 50 mM-K, is about 50%
      of the tetanic tension, shows a gradual decline with time and lasts for hours.
      Control experiments performed in diaphragm showed that this muscle only responds
      with phasic tensions. 3. The difference in the repriming of the phasic and tonic
      responses when tensions were induced with salines containing low or normal [Cl]
      suggests that the muscle fibres responsible for the tonic tension are poorly
      permeable to Cl-. 4. The amplitude of the tonic tension was reduced by Ca
      deprivation and by an elevation of [Ca] in the saline to 10 mM. 5. It is
      concluded that in rat extraocular muscles, an increase in [K]O activates two
      types of muscle fibres: singly and multiply innervated. These appear to be
      functionally equivalent to the twitch and slow fibres of amphibian and avian
      muscle and would give rise to the phasic and tonic components of the contracture,
      respectively.

PMID- 957211
TI  - Proceedings: A molluscan 'cerebellum': parallel fibres and visuo-motor control.

PMID- 957212
TI  - Proceedings: Use of an opto-isolator in the simultaneous recording of potential
      differences from two regions of the intestinal tract.

PMID- 957213
TI  - Regulation of cerebrospinal fluid potassium by the cat choroid plexus.
AB  - 1. The regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) potassium concentration was
      studied using the cat choroid plexus isolated in a chamber in situ. 2.
      Hyperkalaemia (plasma potassium concentration greater than 6 m-equiv/l.) caused
      relatively small increases in c.s.f. potassium concentration. 3. Alterations in
      c.s.f. potassium concentration (c.s.f. K = 0-15 or 6-56 m-equiv/l.) were
      countered by changes in potassium concentration of the produced fluid or in the
      rate of potassium transport which returned c.s.f. potassium towards normal. 4.
      The data indicate that potassium concentration in c.s.f. secreted by the choroid
      plexus is actively regulated by the plexus whether the primary alteration in
      potassium occurs in plasma or c.s.f.

PMID- 957214
TI  - Reflex activation of sympathetic pathways to vesical smooth muscle and
      parasympathetic ganglia by electrical stimulation of vesical afferents.
AB  - 1. Activation of the sympathetic input to the urinary bladder by electrical
      stimulation of afferent fibres in the pelvic nerve evoked three responses: (1) an
      initial transient rise in intravesical pressure, (2) an inhibition of neurally
      evoked bladder contractions and (3) an inhibition of transmission in vesical
      parasympathetic ganglia. Similar responses were elicited by stimulation of the
      hypogastric nerve. 2. The reflex responses were observed in acute spinal
      preparations (T10-T12) and in cats with intact spinal cords, but were abolished
      by bilateral transection of the hypogastric nerves. 3. The inhibition of bladder
      contractions was antagonized by the administration of propranolol (200-400 mug,
      I.A.), a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. The inhibition of ganglionic
      transmission was antagonized by dihydroergotamine (30-75 mug, I.A.), an alpha
      adrenergic blocking agent. The initial rise in intravesical pressure was not
      antagonized by either agent. 4. Electrical stimulation of other afferents
      (carotid sinus nerve and sciatic nerve) did not consistently elicit responses in
      the urinary bladder. However, stimulation of these afferents as well as pelvic
      nerve afferents evoked reflex firing in nerve filaments on the surface of the
      urinary bladder. The firing was abolished by transection of the ipsilateral
      hypogastric nerve. 5. It is concluded that stimulation of vesical afferents
      activates a spinal sympathetic reflex which results in closing of the internal
      urethral sphincter and a depression of bladder activity. The latter occurs by a
      direct depression of detrusor smooth muscle as well as a block of the neural
      input to the bladder. This vesico-sympathetic reflex represents a negative feed
      back mechanism which may have an important role in the maintenance of urinary
      continence.

PMID- 957215
TI  - Proceedings: Management of hypoxia in chronic lung disease.

PMID- 957216
TI  - Proceedings: Beta-adrenoceptor development in chick brain assessed by
      (3H)propranolol binding.

PMID- 957217
TI  - Proceedings: Measurement of trans-uterine potential difference in the human
      female during labour.

PMID- 957218
TI  - Proceedings: Transuterine, transendocervical and transvaginal potential
      differences in conscious woman measured in situ.

PMID- 957219
TI  - Proceedings: Electrical activity of human colonic smooth muscle in vitro.

PMID- 957220
TI  - Proceedings: The relationship between intestinal motility and fluctuations in
      transmural potential difference in the human jejunum.

PMID- 957221
TI  - Proceedings: The use of the germ-free mouse in the study of macrophage
      stimulation in vivo.

PMID- 957222
TI  - Proceedings: Non-linear modelling of colorectal electrical potentials.

PMID- 957223
TI  - Proceedings: Quantitative measurement of gastric motility and the effect of 2
      deoxy-D-glucose and vagal stimulation in the anaesthetized ferret.

PMID- 957224
TI  - Proceedings: Studies on the action of angiotensin II on rat jejunal fluid
      transfer.

PMID- 957225
TI  - Proceedings: Contrast thresholds for pattern and movement detection evaluated by
      evoked potentials.

PMID- 957226
TI  - Proceedings: The average common excitation (ACE) potential and its significance.

PMID- 957227
TI  - Proceedings: Afferent discharges in the sacral ventral roots of cats.

PMID- 957228
TI  - Proceedings: An effect of respiratory ventilation on erythrocyte sodium.

PMID- 957229
TI  - Proceedings: H1 and H2 histamine receptors in the pulmonary circulation.

PMID- 957230
TI  - Proceedings: A reduced diuretic effect of prostaglandin E1 on the phenylbutazone
      treated dog kidney.

PMID- 957231
TI  - Proceedings: The influx of labelled amino acids into single muscle fibres of the
      barnacle Balanus nubilus.

PMID- 957232
TI  - Proceedings: Does the giant cerebral neurone of Helix release two transmitters:
      ACh and serotonin?

PMID- 957233
TI  - Proceedings: Post-tetanic effects in denervated rat skeletal muscle.

PMID- 957234
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of the para-chlorophenyl derivative of GABA on spinal
      neurones in the cat.

PMID- 957235
TI  - Proceedings: The distribution of autonomic nerves within the smooth muscle layer
      of the bovine trachea.

PMID- 957236
TI  - Proceedings: Neutrophil function in human malignant disease.

PMID- 957237
TI  - Proceedings: The presence of somatostatin-inactivating peptidases in the
      hypothalamus and other brain areas of the rat.

PMID- 957238
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of unavailable carbohydrate gelling agents in reducing
      the post-prandial glycaemia in normal volunteers and diabetics.

PMID- 957239
TI  - Proceedings: Interactions of guanylnucleotides, parathyroid hormone and analogues
      with chick kidney adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 957240
TI  - Proceedings: Observations on the origin of the complex mechanical response to
      motor nerve stimulation of the rat vas deferens.

PMID- 957241
TI  - Proceedings: The secretion or organic anions by the isolated perfused pancreas of
      the cat.

PMID- 957242
TI  - Proceedings: Nucleoside transport variation in sheep erythrocytes.

PMID- 957243
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of acetylcholine on the electrical activity of colonic
      mucosa.

PMID- 957245
TI  - Proceedings: A method for the construction of miniature thermal probes suitable
      for use in small mammals.

PMID- 957244
TI  - Proceedings: Studies on noradrenaline uptake and release in the rat anococcygeus
      muscle.

PMID- 957246
TI  - Proceedings: RNA content of rat small intestinal mucosa following intestinal
      surgery.

PMID- 957247
TI  - Dynamic properties of the responses of single neurones in the cochlear nucleus of
      the rat.
AB  - 1. The dynamic properties of unit responses to amplitude-modulated tones were
      studied using modulation with pseudorandom noise and described by cross
      covariance and integrated cross-covariance functions between the discharge rate
      and the modulation. Under the experimental conditions used, these two functions
      are valid approximations of the system's impulse and step response functions
      respectively. 2. On the basis of their impulse response functions units could be
      classified into two groups, Type I with a low adaptation and Type II with a large
      degree of adaptation as well as a damped oscillation in their impulse response
      functions. 3. The response pattern of the Type II units is most likely the result
      of a negative feed-back striving to keep the discharge rate at a nearly constant
      level. 4. The cross-covariance functions are shown to remain unchanged during
      long duration recordings from the same unit.

PMID- 957248
TI  - Evidence for genetic control of glycine uptake in cultured cells, regulated by
      the amino acid concentration of the growth medium.
AB  - 1. Cultured cells were grown in various concentrations of amino acids for periods
      up to 3 days and the characteristics of the glycine transport system measured
      under fixed experimental conditions. During this time, the effect of enucleation,
      using cytochalasin B, and the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors
      (cycloheximide and actinomycin D) were investigated. 2. Glycine influx is
      regulated by the prior growth concentration of similarly transported amino acids.
      3. The modification in transport involves primarily a change in Vmax (but also a
      change in Km in HeLa cells) and is effected within 2-10 hr after media change.
      Increased transport activity is calculated to be sufficient to compensate for the
      reduction in extracellular amino acid concentration, so that nearly normal influx
      values from media are maintained. Regulation over the range of concentrations
      studied is shown to be very accurate. 4. The nucleus is essential for the
      regulatory mechanism to function. It seems probable that mRNA synthesis is
      required for acquisition of increased transport activity and mRNA translation
      required for maintenance of normal activity. 5. The controlling factor in the
      regulatory mechanism appears unlikely to be intracellular pool size. Other
      possible signals are discussed.

PMID- 957249
TI  - Sensitivity of renin secretion to volume depletion in the anaesthetized dog:
      comparison between urinary drainage and slow haemorrhage.
AB  - 1. An experimental technique utilizing 'denervation diuresis' from one kidney
      with measurement of renin release from the contralateral innervated kidney was
      developed to study the sensitivity of renin secretion to volume depletion. 2.
      With urine excretion, release of renin increased progressively from the
      innervated kidney. The increase was significant at a sodium deficit of 0-23
      mole.kg-1. At a sodium deficit of 0-6 m-mole.kg-1 renin release had doubled. 3.
      Bilateral vagotomy did not alter this response. 4. Precise replacement of sodium
      loss with isotonic saline but without replacement of other urinary components
      returned renin release to control levels. 5. Slow haemorrhage causing a rate of
      volume and sodium loss equivalent to urinary drainage did not alter the rate of
      renin release. 6. With a single denervated kidney and contralateral nephrectomy,
      renin release fell progressively to minimal levels despite sodium deficits up to
      2-6 m-mole.kg-1. 7. It is concluded that renin secretion is sensitive to at most
      a 0-5% change in body fluid volume and should be considered a primary response to
      volume depletion. The sensitivity of the response depends upon normal renal
      innervation but is not mediated via vascular volume receptors nor via receptors
      innervated by the vagus. 8. It is proposed that the extreme sensitivity of the
      renin-secreting system in these experiments results from the combination of
      volume depletion and slight hypotonicity of extracellular fluid acting on the
      renal afferent arteriole without the mediation of the macula densa,

PMID- 957250
TI  - Relationships between the spike components and the delayed depolarization in cat
      spinal neurones.
AB  - 1. Changes in the delayed depolarization (DD) following composite (IS-SD)
      intracellular spikes in motoneurones and neurones of the ventral spinocerebellar
      tract were recorded in a variety of experimental conditions. Cell activation was
      either antidromic or by direct intracellular stimulation. 2. It was observed that
      under all conditions in which IS-SD coupling changes took place (as a consequence
      of spontaneous fluctuations, membrane conductance variations, variations of
      direct-stimulation parameters, changes in steady membrane polarization), SD spike
      delays were always accompanied by a progressive concomitant reduction of the DD
      depolarizing hump amplitude. 3. Under the same conditions the latency of the DD
      peak from the stimulus artifact remained constant. Accordingly, any increase of
      the SD delay was accompanied by a reciprocal reduction of the time interval
      between the SD spike and the DD peak. This variability of temporal relationships
      between SD spike and DD would appear to contradict the hypothesis that the DD
      might represent the image of the excitation spreading from the soma to the
      dendrites (Kernell, 1964; Nelson & Burke, 1967). 4. as the gradual reduction of
      the DD hump progressed, the time course of the decay phase of the
      afterhyperpotential more and more closely approximated the decay phase of the IS
      spike. As an alternative hypothesis it is suggested that the DD might originate
      from the current which generates the IS spike.

PMID- 957251
TI  - Unit responses in the medulla oblongata of rabbit to changes in local and
      cutaneous temperature.
AB  - 1. In anaesthetized rabbits which were stereotaxically implanted with a thermode
      following decerebellation, thermal sensitivity of neurones in the medulla
      oblongata to local temperature changes was examined systematically. The medullary
      temperature was changed by circulating water at various temperatures through the
      thermode. 2. Eighty-seven temperature-responsive neurones were found in the
      medulla, especially in the medullary reticular formation. Out of these eighty
      seven, forty-eight neurones were cold-responsive neurones, while the rest were
      warm-responsive. Both types of neurones included not only neurones with linear or
      continuous relations between discharge rate and local temperature but also
      neurones with non-linear or discontinuous thermoresponse curves. 3. In the
      medulla a few of the temperature-responsive neurones showed a dynamic reaction
      with static discharge rate changes to changes of local temperature. 4. Seven
      neurones out of the fifteen respiratory neurones encountered during the
      exploration had thermal sensitivity to respiratory alteration of the discharge.
      5. with thermal stimulation of a limited area of the skin, over 50% of the
      temperature-responsive neurones recorded in the medulla responded positively or
      negatively to changes in the skin temperature.

PMID- 957252
TI  - Strain sensitivity and directionality in cat atrial mechanoreceptors in vitro.
AB  - 1. Afferent discharges from single atrial mechanoreceptors were studied in vitro
      in isolated, perfused cat hearts, by balloon inflation and by localized
      endocardial stretching with step and ramp wave forms. 2. Receptor excitability
      could be maintained for several hours with perfusion, but failed reversibly
      within a half hour without it. 3. Responses to pure step stimuli were purely
      phasic, adapting within a few seconds as negative fractional powers of time. Ramp
      responses showed corresponding behaviour; 4. Median discharge sensitivities were
      12 Hz ml.-1 for step balloon inflation and 110 Hz strain-1 for step local
      stretching, so that 1 ml. balloon expansion was equivalent to 10% local stretch.
      5. Ramp stimulation indicated two distinct receptor groups, a 'high-pass latency'
      (HPL) group for which threshold decreased with increasing ramp velocity, and a
      larger 'low-pass latency' (LPL) group with the opposite behaviour. 6. The
      endocardial deformation due to local stretching comprised about half simple
      extension and half shear, so that half the effective lineal stretch would occur
      in end filaments oriented within 20 degrees of the stretch axis. 7. Of five
      receptors tested for directionality by local stretching in two perpendicular
      directions, four showed significant directionality in step sensitivity and/or
      ramp response latency, indicating the capability of receptive fields to encode
      changes in endocardial shape.

PMID- 957253
TI  - An octopus toxin, maculotoxin, selectively blocks sodium current in squid axons.
AB  - 1. A low molecular weight, stable, cationic neurotoxin (maculotoxin, MTX)
      extracted from the posterior salivary glands of the octopus Hapalochlaena
      maculosa, blocked sodium current in voltage-clamped squid axons without affecting
      potassium current. 2. The effectiveness of MTX was increased by repetitive,
      brief, depolarizing pulses but not by a single prolonged depolarization. 3. The
      potency of MTX decreased at pHs from 8 to 9. Effectiveness could be restored be
      restored by lowering the pH to 7-1 again. It was concluded that MTX is active in
      its cationic form. 4. MTX affected sodium conductance kinetics, slowing the turn
      on of sodium current. This effect was most noticeable with small deploarizations
      but became progressively less with larger depolarizations. Neither the turn-off
      of sodium current nor sodium inactivation kinetics were affected by the toxin. 5.
      MTX inhibited sodium current without inhibiting sodium gating current. 6. The
      effectiveness of MTX was not detectably changed when calcium concentration was
      varied from 50 to 10 mM, or sodium concentration was varied from 225 to 750 mM.

PMID- 957254
TI  - The dark adaptation curve of rods measured by their after-image.
AB  - 1. The common dark adaptation curve exhibits two branches; the course of the rod
      branch cannot normally be measured at early times since it lies above the
      observed cone thresholds. In this paper we measure it. 2. this is done by
      observing the negative after-image against a uniform background critically
      adjusted in luminance. 3. adjacent to the bleached area to be studied is a second
      area more strongly bleached. If the background intensity is below threshold for
      the less bleached area it will not be seen there; but if the background is above
      that threshold, this area will be seen brighter than the other. 4. the dark
      adapted threshold on the less bleached area is therefore the background luminance
      which just permits the two areas to be distinguished in the after-image. 5. after
      5 min cones have quite recovered, and thus have no after-image to contaminate the
      rod image. 6. the rod curve measured by after-image is traced over 5 units of log
      threshold: it is an exponential with half life of 4.5 min, and coincides with the
      time course of regeneration of rhodopsin in man.

PMID- 957255
TI  - Inhibition of food intake in the rat following complete absorption of glucose
      delivered into the stomach, intestine or liver.
AB  - 1. Solutions of glucose or other carbohydrates were administered during the dark
      or light period of the circadian cycle to rats which had been only briefly
      deprived of food. 2. food was restored to the animals at various times after
      administration of a glucose load by stomach tube. With delays between loading and
      access to food of up to 3 hr by night and 2 hr by day, subsequent food intake was
      less than intake after non-nutritive loads. 3. measurement of the glucose content
      of the gastrointestinal tract at various times after glucose loading showed that
      this depression of intake was still apparent even when the rat was offered food
      some time after complete absorption of the stomach load. 4. infusion of a glucose
      solution into the duodenum or the hepatic protal vein also inhibited subsequent
      food intake. 5. in all cases, the inhibition of food intake was expressed as a
      decrease in the size of the first meal after restoring access to food. 6. these
      results provide the first demonstration that the entry of normal amounts of
      carbohydrate into the body by the physiological route is followed by depression
      of food intake which lasts until after absorption is complete.

PMID- 957256
TI  - Respiratory modulation of barareceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes affecting heart
      rate and cardiac vagal efferent nerve activity.
AB  - 1. Brief stimuli were delivered to the carotid chemoreceptors or baroreceptors in
      dogs anaesthetized with chloralose. Chemoreceptor stimulation was achieved by
      rapid retrograde injection of 0.2-0.5 ml. CO2 equilibrated saline through a
      cannula in the external carotid artery. Baroreceptor stimulation was achieved by
      forceful retrograde injection of 2-5 ml. air-equilibrated saline into the
      external carotid artery after first clamping the common carotid artery. 2. prompt
      decreases in heart rate were elicited by brief sudden chemoreceptor or
      baroreceptor stimuli when these were delivered during the expiratory phase of
      respiration. The stimuli did not modify the control heart rate pattern when
      delivered in the inspiratory phase of respiration. This respiratory modulation of
      reflex effectiveness persisted when the animals were completely paralysed and the
      phase of the respiratory cycle was monitored through a phrenic electroneurogram.
      3. single cardiac vagal efferent nerve fibres were dissected from the cut central
      end of the right cervical vagus nerve. They were classified as cardiac efferents
      by their cardiac and respiratory rhythmicity, and by their increased activity in
      response to stimulation of a carotid sinus nerve or to mechanical elevation of
      the systemic arterial pressure. These efferent fibres increased their activity in
      response to brief chemoreceptor or baroreceptor stimuli delivered in expiration,
      but did not respond to stimuli delivered in inspiration. This respiratory
      modulation of both reflexes persisted after bilateral cervical vagotomy.

PMID- 957257
TI  - Stretch reflex and servo action in a variety of human muscles.
AB  - 1. In the long flexor of the thumb the latency of the stretch reflex and of other
      manifestations of servo action is some 45 msec, roughly double the latency of a
      finger jerk. 2. Tendon jerks are feeble or absent in the long flexor of the thumb
      even in subjects with brisk long-latency stretch reflexes in this muscle. This,
      and other facts, suggests that the nervous mechanism of the tendon jerk is
      different from that of the stretch reflex. 3. A muscle that has feeble tendon
      jerks may show a late component in the response to a tendon tap, with a latency
      similar to that of the long-latency stretch reflex. 4. On the hypothesis that the
      excess latency of the stretch reflex over that of a tendon jerk is because the
      stretch reflex employs a cortical rather than a spinal arc, the excess would be
      expected to be larger in magnitude for the long flexor of the big toe and smaller
      for the jaw closing muscles. This is confirmed, 5. An alternative hypothesis that
      the long latency of stretch reflexes in thumb and toe is because they are excited
      by slow-conducting afferents is made improbable by the finding that stretch
      reflexes with an equal or greater excess latency are also found in proximal arm
      muscles. 6. The long-latency stretch reflex in proximal muscles was seen most
      distinctly in a healthy subject who happened to have feeble or absent tendon
      jerks. In ordinary subjects there is often a large, short-latency, presumably
      spinal component of the stretch reflex in proximal muscles; and short-latency
      responses to halt and release are also seen, The significance of this spinal
      latency servo action in proximal muscles remains to be explored. 7. The
      Discussion argues that the available data on conduction time to and from the
      cerebral cortex are compatible with the hypothesis that the long-latency
      component of the stretch reflex uses a transcortical reflex arc, and that none of
      the experiments described in the present paper are inimical to this view.

PMID- 957258
TI  - Respiratory and cardiovascular interactions in ducks: the effect of lung
      denervation on the initation of and recovery from some cardiovascular responses
      to submergence.
AB  - Lung denervation in ducks, by sectioning all vagal branches to one lung following
      mid-cervical vagotomy on the other side, resulted in immediate bradycardia and
      fall in breathing frequency. Some 3-5 weeks after lung denervation breathing
      frequency was within the normal range but the lung inflation reflex, present in
      unilaterally vagotomized sham-operated ducks, was abolished. During 2 min dives
      there were no significant differences between sham-operated and denervated ducks
      in heart rate, arterial blood pressure, blood gas tensions and pH(a). However,
      during recovery from diving heart rate increased more slowly in denervates and
      breathing rate was significantly below that attained by shams, although tidal
      volume rose to a maximum increase of 139% to a maximum of 225% of the pre-dive
      value in denervates in contrast to a maximum increase of 139% of pre-dive in sham
      operated ducks. Both sham-operated and denervated ducks exhibited a significant
      fall in diastolic blood pressure 60 sec after emergence...

PMID- 957259
TI  - Calcium conductance in relation to contractility in frog myocardium.
AB  - 1. Ca inward current and the corresponding phasic component of tension were
      measured in frog atrial muscle under voltage-clamp conditions in Na-free (Li)
      Ringer solution with tetrodotoxin (TTX) added. 2. The quantity of Ca ions
      entering the cell upon depolarization, delta[Ca]i, was linearly related to peak
      phasic tension. 3. The voltage dependence of the steady-state inactivation of the
      Ca-carrying system, f infinity, against voltage yielded similar relationships
      whether determined directly from variations of Ca inward current or peak phasic
      tension. The Ca system was almost fully available at potentials more negative
      than -45 mV and almost fully inactivated at potentials more positive than +10 mV.
      4. It was established that the time- and voltage-dependence of Ca current and of
      phasic tension are directly related. The time constants of Ca activation, tau f,
      were comparable in the range of membrane potential investigated (-20 to +25 mV),
      whether determined directly from the decay of Ca current or indirectly from peak
      phasic tension. 5. It was concluded that the Ca current, ICa, directly activates
      phasic contraction and that either parameter can be used as an indicator of the
      kinetics of the Ca-carrying system. Peak phasic tension was used to determine tau
      f further in the membrane potential range in which interference by other membrane
      currents renders direct analysis of Ca current difficult. 6. The tau f against
      voltage relationship determined from phasic tension showed that the inactivation
      process of the Ca-carrying system is slowest at membrane potentials around -13 mV
      (tau f = 55 msec) and that the rate of inactivation increases with both
      increasing and decreasing depolarizations. 7. It is suggested that normal
      repolarization in frog myocardium depends mainly on the decay of Ca inward
      current rather than on an increase of outward current.

PMID- 957260
TI  - Calcium-sodium antagonism on the frog's heart: a voltage-clamp study.
AB  - 1. In double sucrose-gap voltage-clamped frog atrial fibres the influence of
      [Ca]o and [Na]o on membrane current and contraction was investigated. 2. The slow
      (secondary) inward current varied with [Ca]o but was almost insensitive to
      changes in [Na]o. In contrast, the phasic (transient) contraction initiated by
      the slow inward current was affected by both [Ca]o and [Na]o. 3. With moderate
      changes of [Ca]o and [Na]o from normal, the strength of phasic contraction at a
      given depolarization followed the [Ca]o/[Na]2o ratio approximately. This was best
      seen at membrane potentials near zero level. 4. Under the same conditions, tonic
      (sustained) contractions associated with prolonged depolarizations were strictly
      correlated to the [Ca]o/[Na]2o ratio at any potential. No interrelation between
      tonic tension and steady-state current was found. 5. With extensive changes in
      [Ca]o and [Na]o, the sensitivity of both phasic and tonic tension to the
      [Ca]o/[Na]2o ratio declined, the negative effect of [Na]o becoming smaller than
      was expected from this ratio. 6. In Na-free choline-Ringer, a strong contracture
      developed followed by a spontaneous relaxation. Starting from the relaxed state,
      application of depolarizing clamps gave rise to phasic contractions with a very
      slow relaxation while tonic contractions were apparently lacking. 7. The results
      are interpreted in terms of an energy-dependent carrier mechanism exchanging one
      Ca for two Na ions across the cell membrane. The model implies a strong asymmetry
      in the rate constants governing the chemical reactions on both sides of the
      membrane. The system is thought to operate close to equilibrium at any potential,
      thereby determining the steady level of myoplasmic Ca. The equilibrium itself is
      considered to shift upon depolarization. Assuming that [Na]i is constant, the
      steady level of [Ca]i is expected to be proportional to the [Ca]o/[Na]2o ratio,
      the scale factor being a function of membrane potential. 8. The carrier model
      suggests the occurrence of a depolarization-induced inward transfer of Ca which
      might be involved in the generation of tonic contractions. 9. The apparent lack
      of tonic contractions in the absence of external Na ions may be explained by a
      suppression of carrier-mediated Ca influx normally occurring upon depolarization.
      10. The antagonistic effects of [Ca]o and [Na]o on phasic contraction are
      understood as being due to alterations of the Ca pumping system rather than
      changes in slow inward current.

PMID- 957261
TI  - Threshold setting by the surround of cat retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - 1. The slope of curves relating the log increment threshold to log background
      luminance in cat retinal ganglion cells is affected by the area and duration of
      the test stimulus, as it is in human pyschophysical experiments. 2. Using large
      area, long duration stimuli the slopes average 0-82 and approach close to 1
      (Weber's Law) in the steepest cases. Small stimuli gave an average of 0-53 for on
      centre units using brief stimuli, and 0-56 for off-centre units, using long
      stimuli. Slopes under 0-5 (square root law) were not found over an extended range
      of luminances. 3. On individual units the slope was generally greater for larger
      and longer test stimulus, but no unit showed the full extent of change from slope
      of 0-5 to slope of 1. 4. The above differences hold for objective measures of
      quantum/spike ratio, as well as for thresholds either judged by ear or assessed
      by calculation. 5. The steeper slope of the curves for large area, long duration
      test stimuli compared with small, long duration stimuli, is associated with the
      increased effectiveness of antagonism from the surround at high backgrounds. This
      change may be less pronounced in off-centre units, one of which (probably
      transient Y-type) showed no difference of slope, and gave parallel area-threshold
      curves at widely separated background luminances, confirming the importance of
      differential surround effectiveness in changing the slope of the curves. 6. In on
      centre units, the increased relative effectiveness of the surround is associated
      with the part of the raised background light that falls on the receptive field
      centre. 7. It is suggested that the variable surround functions as a zero-offset
      control that sets the threshold excitation required for generating impulses, and
      that this is separate from gain-setting adaptive mechanisms. This may be how
      ganglion cells maintain high incremental sensitivity in spite of a strong
      maintained excitatory drive that would otherwise cause compressive response non
      linearities.

PMID- 957262
TI  - Lithium transport by the colon of normal and sodium-depleted rats.
AB  - 1. The transport of Li by colonic epithelium has been examined in normal and Na
      depleted rats. 2. Substitution of Li for Na with lumen of the conon causes the
      transepithelial electrical potential difference (p.d.) and short-circuit current
      to fall to low levels and the electrical resistance of fall moderately. Recovery
      occurs by fairly slowly after removal of Li. 3. Li absorption increases linearly
      with increasing concentration in the lumen and is significantly faster in Na
      depleted rats. Increasing the luminal Na concentration reduces Li absorption from
      solutions of low Li concentration. 4. Comparison of absorption rates with
      secretion rates in rats given Li systemically, together with measurements of Li
      distribution across the epithelium in relationship to the transepithelial p.d.
      indicate that Li transport is predominatly or entirely passive. Interference with
      Li absorption by Na suggests, however a mucosal membrane carrier which, since Li
      absorption rises after Na depletion, may be increased in the Na-depleted state.

PMID- 957263
TI  - The effect of lithium on the transport of sodium, potassium and chloride by the
      colon of normal and sodium-depleted rats.
AB  - 1. The effect of Li, given systemically or placed in the gut lumen, on the
      transport of Na, K and C1 and on the transepithelial electrical potential
      difference (p.d.) was studied in vivo in the distal colon of normal and Na
      depleted rats. 2. The specific effect of Li appeared to be on the Na transport
      system with K and C1 transport affected only indirectly. Active Na absorption was
      impaired and p.d. reduced when either Li was in the lumen or given systemically.
      In addition with Li in the lumen, a considerable rise in the plasma-to-lumen Na
      flux was observed, the flux increasing progressively with rising intraluminal Li
      concentration. The effects were greater in Na-depleted rats. 3. The greater part
      of Li absorption from the colon of the rat takes place by exchange for Na, the
      secretion of which is much enhanced while the p.d. is reduced. This contrasts
      with human colon in which potassium is the ion exchanged for Li with the p.d.
      increased.

PMID- 957264
TI  - Effects of antrectomy or porta-caval shunting on the histamine-storing endocrine
      like cells in oxyntic mucosa of rat stomach. A fluorescence histochemical,
      electron microscopic and chemical study.
AB  - 1. The argyrophil (enterochromaffin-like) cells in the oxyntic gland area of the
      rat stomach contain histamine, which can be demonstrated fluorescence
      microscopically after exposure to gaseous OPT. After administration of L-dopa (or
      L-5-hydroxytryptophan), these cells produce and temporarily store dopamine (or 5
      hydroxytryptamine), demonstrable by its characteristic formaldehyde-induced
      fluorescence. Ultrastructurally, the enterochromaffin-like cells, which have the
      appearance of polypeptide hormone-secreting cells, comprise two main cell types,
      the most predominant one having vesicular type granules (EGL cells), the second
      most predominant one having smaller, uniformly electron dense granules (A-like
      cells). 2. Rats were subjected to the following surgical treatments: antrectomy;
      porta-caval shunting; antrectomy+porta-caval shunting; or sham-operation. Three
      to eight weeks after surgery the histamine-storing cells (enterochromaffin-like
      cells) of the oxyntic mucosa were analysed by fluorescence histochemistry, light
      and (quantitative) electron microscopy, and fluorometric determination of amines.
      3. After antrectomy, fluorescence histochemistry and silver staining revealed a
      reduced number of enterochromaffin-like cells. The histamine content in the
      oxyntic mucosa was reduced by about 50%. As in unoperated injection of
      pentagastrin seemed to mobilize histamine. Feeding or injection of insulin failed
      to do so in antrectomized as opposed to control rats. Ultrastructurally, the
      cytoplasmic granules of both endocrine-like cell types were less numerous than in
      the unoperated rats. The reduction in cell number and granularity was
      particularly conspicuous with regard to the EGL cells. 4. After porta-caval
      shunting the number of enterochromaffin-like cells increased markedly. Chemical
      determination revealed a twofold increase in the histamine concentration of the
      oxyntic mucosa. Feeding or injection of insulin or pentagastrin lowered the
      histamine concentration. As judged by electron microscopy, the proliferation of
      endocrine-like cells induced by porta-caval shunting was restricted to the ECL
      cell type. Besides occurring in greater number, these cells were larger than
      those in unoperated controls, and their cytoplasm was densely packed with
      granules that were increased in size. 5. Following antrectomy of the porta-caval
      shunted rats the number of enterochromaffin-like cells and the oxyntic histamine
      concentration was reduced. 6. The results support the idea that gastrin exerts
      trophic as well as excitatory effects on oxyntic endocrine-like cells.

PMID- 957265
TI  - The oxidation of glucose, ketone bodies and acetate by the brain of normal and
      ketonaemic sheep.
AB  - 1. The utilization and oxidation of glucose, acetate and ketone bodies by the
      brain of sheep has been determined from measurements of arteriovenous (A-V)
      differences and cerebral blood flow, as well as by infusing 14C-labelled
      metabolites. 2. The A-V difference for glucose was generally more than one sixth,
      on a molar basis, that of oxygen. 3. The mean rate of glucose utilization by the
      brain of conscious sheep (0-508 +/- 0-063 mumole/g per minute) was maintained
      even when the capillary glucose concentration was below 1-4 mM. 4. The amount of
      14CO2 produced from [U-14C]glucose by the brain was consistent with glucose being
      the only energy source for the brain, even during hypoglycaemia and
      hyperketonaemia. 5. There was no appreciable production of lactate or pyruvate by
      the brain. 6. There was no significant A-V difference for acetate across the
      brain in normal or undernourished pregnant sheep. The small A-V differences that
      were measured show that less than 5% of the CO2 produced could be derived from
      acetate, a conclusion that is supported by experiments using [U-14C]acetate. 7.
      No significant A-V difference was detectable across the brain for 3
      hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate in normal fed, pregnant ketonaemic or even
      anaesthetized sheep infused with acetoacetate. Experiments in which [U-14C]-D(-)
      3-hydroxybutyrate was infused also showed that less than 5% of CO2 was derived
      from ketone bodies. 8. In anaesthetized sheep infused with acetoacetate,
      measurements were made simultaneously across brain, heart and skeletal muscle. In
      contrast to the non-significant uptake of ketone bodies by the brain, uptake by
      heart and skeletal muscle was sufficient to account for nearly 60% of their
      oxygen consumption. 9. Experiments using [14C]hydroxybutyrate confirmed that
      during infusion of acetoacetate most of the CO2 produced by the heart, but not by
      the brain, was derived from ketone bodies. 10. In anaesthetized sheep ketone
      bodies penetrate only slowly into cerebrospinal fluid. 11. It is proposed that
      mechanisms for the utilization of ketones by the sheep brain have not evolved
      because glucose utilization by the brain is a smaller fraction of whole body
      glucose utilization than in man and rats.

PMID- 957266
TI  - Functional adaptation of sarcomere number of normal cat muscle.
AB  - 1. Physiological and histological data were obtained from soleus and tibialis
      anterior muscles of normal adult cats to study to what extent fibre length and
      sarcomere number varied between animals and how this was related to the
      physiological characteristics of the muscles. 2. For a given muscle, the
      variation in the sarcomere number of individual muscle fibres between animals was
      found to be about 25%. These difference could partly be explained by comparing
      the number of sarcomeres and the length of the fibula, which was chosen as an
      index of the size of the animal. The average sarcomere number in the tibialis
      anterior muscle was about 60% greater than in the soleus. The variations between
      animals and between the anterior tibialis and soleus muscles were significantly
      greater than the variations observed within the same muscle. 3. The sarcomere
      length is dependent upon the articular angle, that is to say, the length change
      imposed on the muscle. These length changes are more extensive in the soleus
      muscle (100%) than in the tibialis anterior muscle (60%). A very significant
      correlation was found between articular angle and sarcomere length (for soleus r
      = 0.98, for tibialis anterior r = 0.94). 4. Although fibre length did vary
      considerably within a given muscle, the sarcomere length showed only minor
      variations at any given angle. This suggests that sarcomere number is determined
      in each individual muscle fibre. Such an adaptation implies a concomitant
      adaptation of the tendinous part of the fibre. This adaptation, resulting in
      definite sarcomere length at a definite angle, has obvious physiological
      implications. 5. Conventional length vs. active tension curves were established
      for the soleus and the tibialis anterior muscles. It is suggested that the
      difference between the sarcomere number of the two muscles may result in the
      difference between the shape of curves of these two muscles. 6. Active torque
      angle curves were established for the two muscles in situ. The shapes of the
      curves for soleus and tibialis anterior are similar in spite of the different
      mechanical conditions of the two muscles. This fact helps to explain why the two
      muscles, despite their similar articular range, had very different sarcomere
      number.

PMID- 957267
TI  - Horseradish peroxidase localization of masticatory muscle motoneurons in cat.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase has been injected into individual masticatory muscles in
      young and adult cats in order to determine the topography of the corresponding
      groups of motoneurons in the motor nucleus of the Vth nerve. The results obtained
      show a clear dorsoventral somatotopic distribution; the superior muscles have
      their motoneurons located dorsally in the nucleus and the inferior muscles
      ventrally; the two main jaw closers, temporalis and masseter, are represented in
      the dorsal and central parts of the nucleus; located more ventrally are the
      motoneurons for the pterygoideus medialis and lateralis, the jaw closers and
      abductor muscles; finally motoneurons for the jaw openers, and the anterior belly
      of the digastricus and mylohyoideus, occupy the ventromedial part of the nucleus.
      All muscles have been found to be represented along the entire length of the
      nucleus, with the same dorsoventral layering.

PMID- 957268
TI  - [Technic of long term neuron unit-recording on the free animal].
AB  - Technique of long-term recording from single neurons in brain of freely moving
      animals with floating mobile microelectrodes.

PMID- 957269
TI  - A cognitive model of musical sight-reading.
AB  - The author, a professional flutist and psychologist, interviewed four pianists
      noted for their sight-reading abilities. The results of the interviews are
      considered from several points of view. Sight-reading is analyzed as a problem in
      pattern recognition: a movement from a sonata by Handel is used to illustrate the
      principle of scanning for familiar patterns. The close relationship between
      musical sight-reading and the reading of conventional texts is also suggested.
      Finally, drawing on the findings of other studies, a congnitive model of musical
      sight-reading is proposed. The schematic model of interlocking information
      processing systems explains the differences between skilled and unskilled sight
      readers: it also explains why some experienced, professional musicians are poor
      sight-readers. Verification of the model is provided in an additional section in
      which conversations with unskilled sight-readers are reported.

PMID- 957270
TI  - Welsh National School of Medicine.

PMID- 957271
TI  - Platelets, aspirin and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 957272
TI  - Brucellosis in veterinary surgeons in Wales.

PMID- 957273
TI  - Research at the Tenovus Institute.

PMID- 957274
TI  - A survey of suicidal behaviour in the Mid-Essex area in 1972.

PMID- 957275
TI  - [The development of arterial thrombi].
AB  - The factors involved in arterial thrombosis include the endothelial and
      subendothelial cells of the arterial wall, platelets and other blood cells,
      plasma factors and blood flow. An arterial thrombus arises from an interaction
      between platelets and the subendothelium (basement membrane and microfibrils)
      which has been shown by recent experiments to have a thrombogenic propensity. The
      particular structure of the subendothelium and its glycoprotein membrane
      receptors for platelets is implicated on thrombogenesis which requires the
      intervention of von Willebrand's factor; the well-known role of collagen is also
      important. An arterial thrombosis may evolve into a mural thrombus or may spread
      or form an embolus.

PMID- 957276
TI  - Self-assessment of the physician.

PMID- 957277
TI  - Reactivity of aliphatic peptides toward hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution.

PMID- 957278
TI  - Restoration of radiation injury by intraperitoneal injection of ginseng extract
      in mice.

PMID- 957279
TI  - Partial reactivities observed in the hydrogen abstraction reactions of hydroxyl
      radicals from aliphatic amino acids.

PMID- 957280
TI  - Effect of single and fractionated x-irradiation on maze learning ability of mice.

PMID- 957281
TI  - Mechanisms of the synergistic interaction between hyperthermia and radiation in
      cultured mammalian cells.

PMID- 957282
TI  - ["Cirrhotic's lund". A new radiological entity? 182 CASES (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].
AB  - The authors studied the chest X-rays of 182 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
      They eliminated the abnormal films of patients with severe clinical or biological
      changes. After double reading, they isolated ten cases in which chest X-ray
      revealed changes in the pulmonary interstitium. The question as to the nature of
      this interstitial pneumopathy is posed.

PMID- 957283
TI  - [Radiological exploration of pulmonary systemic hypervascularization. Study of
      our results concerning 83 cases. Confrontation of the angiographic results with
      the existence of hemoptysis (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors present the results of selective bronchial and parietal arteriography
      of pulmonary systemic hypervascularization, in 83 cases. They emphasize the
      advantages of previous pulmonary venous angiography and overall aortography for
      the success of selective injections. Failures are evaluated at 6 to 7%. On
      occasions, a medullary branch was opacified. No medullary accidents were noted.
      The angiographic appearances of the lesions encountered are described. A
      comparative study of the angiographic results of non-tumoral acquired lesions was
      carried out in those patients with hemoptysis and in those who were free from
      them.

PMID- 957284
TI  - [The treatment of hemoptysis by embolization of the systemic arteries (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors present their still limited experience of embolization of systemic
      arteries as the treatment of hemoptysis. Their cases illustrate the indications,
      contra-indications, causes of failure and effectiveness of this therapeutic
      method in pneumology. They had to refuse who patients: in the first, the
      pathological bronchial artery arose from a common trunk with the intercostal
      which gave rise to an anterior spinal artery. The second patient showed signs of
      medullary involvement on injection of a pathological right intercostal artery,
      which in their opinion is also a contra-indication of embolization, although no
      anterior spinal artery was demonstrated on the arteriogrammes. Six patients were
      treated by embolization. In the case of one patient, treatment was a failure
      owing to incomplete embolization. A main esophageal pedicle supplied a high flow
      bronchial artery anastomosis. These important collateral esophageal vessels
      compromize the effectiveness of bronchial embolization.

PMID- 957285
TI  - [Arterial radio-anatomy of the extrahepatic biliary system (author's transl)].
AB  - The uni-arterial vascularisation of the lateral bilary duct makes it impossible
      to systematise the arteries which supply the common bile duct. Only the cystic
      artery is seen at coelio-mesenteric catheterization. The techniques essential for
      visualisation of the cystic artery are discussed, on the basis of one hundred
      coelio-mesenteric arteriograms: frequency of demonstration, origin, course,
      termination, calibre and length. The frequent finding of opacification of the
      wall of the gall bladder under normal conditions is stressed.

PMID- 957286
TI  - [Varicoid carcinoma of oesophagus (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of diffuse squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus simulating the
      roentgenographic appearance of oesophageal varices are presented. Careful
      fluoroscopic examination may permit accurate diagnosis; however if the lesions
      are equivocally demonstrated by X-ray examination, oesophagoscopy confirms the
      diagnosis of carcinoma. R94.

PMID- 957287
TI  - [Secreting paragangliomas of the organ of Zuckerkandl. A report on two cases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe two cases of secreting paragangliomas of the organ of
      Zuckerkandl, beinging the number of known cases to 78. They underline the
      interest of arteriographic and phlebographic explorations which define more
      accurately the origin and spread of these tumours.

PMID- 957288
TI  - [A rare hemopathy: urographic diagnosis (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of papillary necrosis was discovered by chance when doing a systematic
      urography  on a black woman suffering from subacute pains in the abdomen. This
      radiological information leads us to the finding of two hemoglobinopathies
      associated with a heterozygous shate: drepanocytemia and hemoglobin C disease.
      Clinically this list, nearly asymptomatic, is closed up by distinctive osseous
      lesions, the pains in the abdomen were due to a biliary lithiasis.

PMID- 957289
TI  - [A case of ascaridiosis of the common bile duct].
AB  - The authors present a case of ascariasis of the common bile duct in a 45 year old
      Portugese woman. Perfusion cholangiography showed a lacunar ribbon shaped image
      of the common bile duct and radiolucent gall-stones. The diagnosis of
      intracholedochal ascariasis was made and the patient operated: there was in fact
      an ascaris which was extracted by choledochotomy. Cholecystectomy.
      Straightforward aftermath.

PMID- 957290
TI  - [A simplified radiological technique for measurement of the angle of anteversion
      of the femur and of the cervico-diaphyseal angle (author's transl)].
AB  - Description of a technique for measurement of the angles of the upper extremity
      of the femur, applicable to all patients, without mobilisation, and using a
      remote controlled table with two localised films in a frontal projection, and a
      simple construction using a ruler and protractor.

PMID- 957291
TI  - [The treatment of herpes zoster by ultraviolet actinotherapy. Study of 200 cases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors analysed the cases of 200 patients treated for early herpes zoster by
      ultraviolet actinotherapy. This simple treatment should ideally be applied: - to
      clean skin, without dye nor ointment; - over the entire root area, and not only
      to the vesicles; - obtaining from the outset frank erythema, uniform, and without
      a healthy skin interval. Under these conditions, 95% of successful results were
      obtained in 3 to 8 days. The occasional failures appear to be related either to
      faulty technique or to a deep-seated localisation beyond the fied of action of
      the ultraviolet rays.

PMID- 957292
TI  - [Techniques for opacification of the lumbar spinal venous plexuses (author's
      transl)].
AB  - No single technique exists for lumbar phlebography. Whilst catheterisation of the
      ilio-lumbar veins is always the first step, it should be routinely followed by
      injection of the lateral sacral veins whenever the leel L5-S1 is clinically
      suspicious. Finally, when only poor opacification of the longitudinal epidural
      plexuses is obtained by filateral injection of the ilio-lumbar or ilio-lumbar and
      sacral systems, catheterisation of the vein in L2 on the right or L3 on the left
      makes it possible in virtually all cases to obtain satisfactory filling of the
      lumbar plexuses. It may be considered at the present time that, from a technical
      standpoint, failures of lumbar phlebography by bilateral femoral catheterisation
      do not exceed 1% of cases.

PMID- 957293
TI  - Editorial: Avoiding evictions.

PMID- 957294
TI  - Migraine trust prize essay 1975. The natural history of migraine and its
      management in general practice.

PMID- 957295
TI  - A study of bereavement in general practice.
AB  - Forty six bereaved relatives were assessed by a general practitioner four to
      eight weeks after the bereavement. In 36 (78.3 per cent) the immediate reaction
      to bereavement was one of numbness or stupefaction; in seven (15.2 per cent)
      emotional relief occurred; and in three cases (6.5 per cent) there was no obvious
      immediate reaction. The numbness reaction was limited in duration to a week or
      less in 31 of the 36 instances.At four to eight weeks after bereavement 29 (63.0
      per cent) of the subjects continued to experience difficulty in coming to terms
      with their loss. Twenty subjects reported guilt feelings and a similar number
      expressed aggressive reactions. The bereaved subjects tended to increase their
      consumption of cigarettes and alcohol, while their appetite and weight tended to
      be reduced. Thirty six (78.3 per cent) of the subjects reported physical
      symptoms, notably headache, dizziness, generalised aches, and abdominal
      complaints.THE MOST PROMINENT PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BEREAVEMENT WERE FOUND TO
      BE: preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased, idealisation of the lost person,
      depressive mood, and loneliness.The findings are discussed and reference made to
      the role of the family doctor in the management of bereavement reactions.

PMID- 957296
TI  - Examination of the P wave in lead V1 of the electrocardiogram: its value in
      routine electrocardiography.
AB  - While reporting on the electrocardiograms recorded in this Department during the
      past four-and-a-half years, interest was aroused by the occasional appearance of
      a terminal negative component in the P wave in lead V(1). I tried to find out
      what significance, if any, it had. In the ensuing study a relationship between
      such a negative component-expressed as a terminal negative force (-ve Ptf V(1)
      for short)-and the presence of ischaemic heart disease emerged. Such a negative
      Ptf V(1) is not an in-fallible marker of ischaemic heart disease nor does it
      necessarily persist in the repeat electrocardiogram of any given patient. It is,
      however, suggested that attention be routinely paid to the morphology of the P
      wave in lead V(1) and that when a negative terminal component is present in this
      wave follow-up study of this feature in serial electrocardiograms may help in the
      assessment of prognosis in any given patient.

PMID- 957297
TI  - Letter: The distribution of episodes of illness.

PMID- 957298
TI  - Cavendish lecture 1975. Herbs that heal.

PMID- 957300
TI  - Anatomy of an admission.

PMID- 957299
TI  - The treatment of pain trigger areas in migraine.
AB  - In many patients with migraine, several localised areas usually on the scalp or
      neck can be identified. The local injection of lignocaine one per cent and
      adrenaline 1/200,000 often leads to considerable relief of the symptoms of
      migraine including visual phenomena. The common sites of the trigger areas are
      shown and several uncontrolled case reports of the effect of the treatment are
      described.

PMID- 957301
TI  - A survey of the effects of a drug promotion campaign.
AB  - A postal survey which tried to test the impact of a drug-promotion campaign is
      described. One hundred and twenty randomly-selected general practitioners were
      circulated and a 74.8 per cent response was obtained. Of the responders, 92 per
      cent were aware of the existence of the preparation, and of these responders 69
      per cent were unaware either of the pharmacologically approved name of the drug,
      or the fact that its pharmacologically active constituent was already available
      under another brand name.

PMID- 957302
TI  - A research project as a means for continuing education.
AB  - A project designed to encourage general practitioners to provide care in the
      earliest phases of coronary heart disease is reported from South Africa. A total
      of 129 general practitioners were actively involved and over 3,000 practitioners
      showed interest and attended at least one meeting.

PMID- 957303
TI  - Diarrhoea and vomiting in general practice.

PMID- 957304
TI  - An extended course for medical receptionists.

PMID- 957305
TI  - Symptoms perceived and recorded by patients.
AB  - Health diaries were kept by 198 randomly-chosen women between the ages of 20 and
      44. Symptoms were recorded on one day in three and on 57 per cent of symptom-days
      self-medication occurred. Even a minor shift from self-care to doctor care could
      make intolerable demands on the general-practitioner service in this country.Only
      a minority of symptoms (one in 37) are taken to the doctor and patients are
      highly selective in deciding which symptoms are appropriate for medical care. The
      perception of symptoms and the response of seeking medical advice are both
      significantly related to anxiety as measured by a personality questionnaire.

PMID- 957306
TI  - Non-attenders in general practice.
AB  - Non-attenders for five years or longer (77 men and 27 women; i.e. 1.9 per cent of
      the practice) in a general practice of 5,750 patients were identified and paired
      with controls in the same practice. A survey by questionnaire was carried out.The
      conclusions were:(1) A higher proportion of non-attenders are self-employed,(2) A
      lower proportion of them had retired than their attending counterparts,(3) They
      are spread over the whole age-range, but with a higher concentration in the ages
      35 and over,(4) They are evenly spread over the social classes,(5) They seldom
      seek other sources of medical advice or treatment,(6) They are significantly
      slimmer than their fellows,(7) Their non-attendance does not, on the whole, cloak
      serious but remediable illness.

PMID- 957307
TI  - Self-medication in a small community.
AB  - (1) Simultaneous recording of doctor/patient contacts and chemists' sales were
      made during a period of two weeks in a small self-contained community.(2) The
      conclusion of previous studies, using different methods, that non-prescribed
      medicines are taken twice as often as those prescribed by doctors, is
      confirmed.(3) The possibility that self-medication may conceal the onset of
      serious disease is discussed.

PMID- 957308
TI  - Measuring learning by trainees in general practice.
AB  - Twenty simulated consultations with patients having a respiratory illness were
      carried out by 20 trainees at the start and finish of a training year in general
      practice, using the same method as used in a previous study of principals in
      general practice.During the course of the year, the trainees as a group closely
      approached the behaviour-in the defined terms of the study-of principals as a
      group. The trend was more marked for doctors on a three-year training programme
      than for those on a one-year programme.In 11 cases direct comparison between
      trainee and trainer was possible. It was difficult to identify changes in
      behaviour as being due to either group influences or individual trainer
      influences, but it appeared that atypical trainers do not necessarily produce
      atypical trainees and typical trainers do not prevent the development of
      individuality in trainees.The technique of simulated consultation may assist the
      difficult task of evaluating training for general practice.

PMID- 957309
TI  - Hospital admission rates and the primary health team.
AB  - The use of hospital beds was studied for a period of one year in a practice under
      the care of a closely co-ordinated team composed of the family physician, the
      family nurse, and a medical social worker. Admission rates and mean duration of
      stay in hospital are analysed and discussed in relation to selected socio
      demographic variables.The results showed that the study population used only half
      as many hospital beds when compared with national rates in Israel. We consider
      that this was achieved by the provision of planned co-ordinated comprehensive
      medical nursing and social services for patients suffering from long-term
      illness. Such a team is able to provide a high quality medical care and can
      significanlty reduce the use of in-patient hospital services.

PMID- 957310
TI  - Cold sores-an epidemiological survey.
AB  - A survey was carried out in a general practice in North Wales to determine the
      incidence, frequency, duration, and severity of cold sores. Of the 1,855 adults
      interviewed, 46 per cent gave a definite history of having had a cold sore at
      some time while 28 per cent continued to have one or more a year. More than half
      of the latter considered their sores of moderate or severe inconvenience.

PMID- 957311
TI  - Educational needs of doctors working in community hospitals.

PMID- 957312
TI  - William pickles lecture 1976: Peter Piper's peck.

PMID- 957313
TI  - Second opinion. A study of medical referrals in a seminar for general
      practitioners at the Tavistock Clinic, London.
AB  - An experienced seminar made a special study of the psychological aspects of
      referrals for second opinions, investigations, or hospital admission. The cases
      were a random selection, incidentally forcing the seminar to examine some of the
      poor medical practice that is rarely published and to recognise the disturbing
      force of the doctor-illness relationship, as distinct from the doctor-patient
      relationship. General practitioners use referrals in many ways and select
      consultants for quite unexpected qualities, often to preserve the relationship
      with their patients, and contrary to many superficial impressions otherwise.
      Referrals are part of the continuous flux of patients in and out of a doctor's
      life and this movement is important to his sense of identity and to his defences
      against anxiety.

PMID- 957314
TI  - First encounters.
AB  - Some conclusions are reported from a series of seminars involving several
      experienced general practitioners over a period of three years. The aim was to
      examine first consultations in general practice.We found that these were often
      handled superficially and that both doctors and patients seemed hesitant in their
      new relationship. We believe that the loss of a trusted family doctor can create
      a bereavement reaction in patients, especially where the relationship has been
      long and when the doctor leaves or dies suddenly.We are investigating the
      possibility that the death rate is increased among patients who have recently
      lost their general practitioner suddenly.

PMID- 957315
TI  - Breast feeding--a year's experience of one group practice.
AB  - Dissatisfaction at the lack of support and encouragement in the immediate post
      partum period of mothers in hospital wishing to breast feed is expressed in their
      own words. Analysis indicates that mothers in the upper social classes are more
      likely to breast feed and that those who manage to sustain breast feeding for one
      week are likely to continue this method of feeding for at least six weeks and
      possibly for much longer. There is also evidence indicating that women who are
      encouraged during pregnancy to breast feed have a high success rate. Those
      responsible for supervising infant feeding need to be better educated in all its
      aspects.

PMID- 957316
TI  - Treating sexual dysfunction in general practice.
AB  - A method of training general practitioners in the treatment of sexual dysfunction
      is described, using fortnightly seminars at which the doctors discussed the
      continuing care of their patients.Doctors took on patients presenting in their
      practices and treated couples together, where possible, using a mixture of
      insight-directed and behavioural techniques similar to those used by Masters and
      Johnson (1970). Interviews were reported back to the group which gave advice and
      support. The doctors, all beginners in this type of work, were able to help
      substantially 72 per cent of 47 couples treated.

PMID- 957317
TI  - A retrospective survey of over 1,000 patients on oral contraceptives in a group
      practice.
AB  - The side-effects encountered by 1,090 patients taking the oral contraceptive pill
      were reviewed. The main side-effects were migraine, headaches, weight gain,
      depression, and irregular bleeding. Reasons for changing the Pill are discussed,
      and recommendations are suggested for a way of monitoring patients taking the
      Pill. Analysis of the results show that 50 per cent of patients are happy with
      their first Pill, and that the 30 microgram pill produces fewer side-effects.

PMID- 957318
TI  - The first three months of free contraception in a market-town group practice.
AB  - Contraceptive services became free to patients of general practitioners in the
      British National Health Service on 1 July 1975. We report the numbers of patients
      advised in a practice of 6,612 patients during the first three-month period and
      found that in a sample of 211 women, just over half had received medical advice.
      The financial implications are discussed.

PMID- 957319
TI  - Hormonal changes associated with experimentally produced cystic ovaries in the
      cow.
AB  - Cystic ovaries were experimentally produced by i.m. injection of 5 mg oestradiol
      valerate on Day 16 of the oestrous cycle or by s.c. injection of 100 ml antiserum
      to bovine LH before the onset of oestrus. The length of the cycle after both
      treatments was altered. The cysts formed after oestradiol injection were
      relatively small (2-5-3 cm diameter) and thin-walled, and were accompanied by
      relatively low plasma oestrone and high oestradiol levels; those after LH
      antiserum treatment were large (5-0-6-0 cm) and firm and associated with
      relatively low oestradiol and high oestrone levels. The results of the hormone
      assays after treatment support the theory that cystic ovaries could result from
      premature LH release or an insufficiency of LH at the time of ovulation.

PMID- 957320
TI  - The ultrastructure of the thecal cell of the teleost, Oryzias latipes, during
      ovulation in vitro.
AB  - Ultrastructural examination of the follicular envelope of the teleost, Oryzias
      latipes, during ovulation in vitro showed that the follicle cell layer became
      increasingly dissociated. Microfilaments, measuring 50-70 A, were sparse in the
      thecal cells at the start of incubation, but were organized into bands after 5
      hr, and into bundles after 10 hr of incubation. It is suggested that these
      microfilaments are contractile and are involved in cell movement during
      ovulation.

PMID- 957321
TI  - Effects of dietary caffeine on the testis of the domestic fowl, Gallus
      domesticus.
AB  - Roosters were fed 0-1% caffeine mixed by weight into a standard ration. With
      continued dietary caffeine administration, the average fertility of eggs
      collected for 2 weeks from untreated pullets inseminated with semen from the
      treated males at 0, 7 and 14 days after the start of treatment was 30-8, 33-5 and
      3-3%, respectively. After 14 days of treatment fertility was significantly lower
      (P less than 0-001) than before (0 days) or 7 days after treatment. Semen output
      and sperm concentration were markedly reduced 17-21 days after treatment, and no
      semen could be collected from the roosters after they had received caffeine for
      30 days. Removal of dietary caffeine resulted in resumption of semen production
      and a return of fertility to the control level. Testicular histology showed that
      spermatocyte divisions ceased and spermiogenesis was abnormal, although Leydig
      tissue and the response of the males to massage for semen collection was not
      affected. The effects on spermatogenesis and fertility were reversible after
      treatment for 30 days.

PMID- 957322
TI  - Effects of androgens on sexual behaviour and somatic variables in the male golden
      hamster.
AB  - Comparisons were made of the sexual behaviour of sham-operated male hamsters and
      castrated males receiving testosterone, dihydrotestosterone or androstenedione (1
      5 mg/week), or oil alone. Tests of short duration (10 min) were conducted at Week
      3 (when the animals were sexually naive), Week 6 and Week 9. Sham-operated males
      showed marked increases in many elements of behaviour between Weeks 3 and 9,
      while castrated males receiving no androgen replacement showed marked decreases.
      Males receiving each of the three androgens showed marked increases in behaviour,
      but androstenedione-treated males showed less facilitation of sexual behaviour
      than controls. Dihydrotestosterone was as effective as testosterone. The three
      androgens were comparable in maintaining seminal vesicle weight after castration
      and in preventing the customary rise in pituitary and body weights. These data
      suggest that, unlike the situation in the rat, aromatization of androgens is
      unnecessary for the display of sexual behaviour in the hamster.

PMID- 957323
TI  - Mechanisms of action of the antifertility agents U11, 100A and U11,555A in the
      rat.
AB  - Mature female rats were given U11,555A and U11,100A on orally on Day 2 of
      pregnancy and the number of implantations counted on Day 9. Using doses which
      reduced the implantation number to approximately 40% that of the controls, it was
      shown that the reduced number was not due to an effect on egg transport or to a
      delay of implantation.

PMID- 957324
TI  - The lipids of buffalo spermatozoa and seminal plasma.
AB  - Lipids were extracted from the spermatozoa and seminal plasma of buffalo and were
      analysed by column and thin-layer chromatography. Buffalo spermatozoa (10(9)
      cells) contained 1-15 mg total lipids, 0-285 mg neutral lipids, 0-396 mg
      glycolipids, 0-547 mg phospholipids and 0-015 mg gangliosides. The corresponding
      values for 1 ml seminal plasma were: 1-50, 0-439, 0-581, 0-594 and 0-010 mg. The
      sperm neutral lipids were comprised of 3-2% hydrocarbons, 4-5% cholesterol
      esters, 46-7% triglycerides, 17-5% 1,3-diglycerides, 3-1% 1,2-diglycerides, 17-6%
      cholesterol, 0-6% free fatty acids and 2-4% monoglycerides. The corresponding
      values for seminal plasma were: 4-2, 6-2, 33-0, 19-8, 4-2, 18-5, 3-8 and 4-7%. In
      the sperm phospholipids, there was 30-4% phosphatidyl choline; 19-4% phosphatidal
      choline; 10-8% phosphatidyl ethanolamine; 3-4% phosphatidal ethanolamine; 11-3%
      sphingomyelin; 1-5% phosphatidyl serine; 0-6% phosphatidyl inositol; 3-9%
      lysophosphatidyl choline; 4-4% lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine; 0-7%
      lysophosphatidyl serine; 5-5% diphosphatidyl glycerol and 0-3% phosphatidic acid.
      The corresponding values for seminal plasma were: 21-7, 17-3, 11-7, 4-1, 13-1, 2
      8, 3-9, 5-6, 1-0, 7-4 and 0-5%. Comparative data for bull spermatozoa and seminal
      plasma were also obtained.

PMID- 957325
TI  - Fatty acids and fatty aldehydes of buffalo seminal plasma and sperm lipid.
AB  - Analysis of the fatty acids of total and neutral lipids, glycolipids,
      phospholipids and gangliosides of buffalo spermatozoa and seminal plasma showed
      that there were high levels of polyunsaturated acids. Neutral lipids were the
      richest in polyunsaturated acids (55% in spermatozoa and 61% in seminal plasma).
      The major saturated acid of all the principal classes was stearic acid and the
      major unsaturated acid was docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3) except in the
      neutral lipids in which it was arachidonic acid (20:4omega6). The major aldehyde
      was palmitaldehyde (16:0) in buffalo sperm lipids and docosanal (22:0) in seminal
      plasma. More than 50% of the total aldehydes was contributed by aldehydes with a
      chain length greater than 18 carbon atoms.

PMID- 957326
TI  - Low temperature preservation of rabbit embryos.
AB  - Rabbit embryos (4-cell, 8-cell and morulae) survived freezing and thawing in the
      presence of 1-5 M-DMSO. Highest survival rates, assessed by continued development
      in vitro for 48 to 72 hr, were obtained with cooling rates of 0-74 to 0-90
      degrees C/min and thawing rates of approximately 12 and approximately 15 degrees
      C/min (76%, 83%, 77% and 69% respectively). Transfer of embryos directly to
      liquid nitrogen after cooling at optimal rates to -110 degrees C instead of -80
      degrees C significantly reduced the incidence of rupture of the zona pellucida
      and mucin coat and increased the rate of recovery. Viability after transfer was
      low (7% liveborn) and was not correlated with the higher rates of development in
      vitro to the morula and blastocyst stage.

PMID- 957327
TI  - The influence of prostaglandin F-2alpha on pregnenolone metabolism by the
      autotransplanted ovary of the ewe.
AB  - Eight ewes each with an autotransplanted ovary received infusions of tritium
      labelled pregnenolone (41 muCi/hr) for 8 hr into the artery supplying the ovary,
      together with prostaglandin (PG) F-2alpha (30 mug/hr) for 3 hr beginning 2 hr
      after the start of the pregnenolone infusion. All animals exhibited oestrus 2-3
      days after the start of the experiment. During the PGF-2alpha infusion blood flow
      through the ovaries was increased by 13%, but subsequently returned to pre
      infusion levels. Secretion rates of endogenous progesterone and 20alpha
      hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one dropped rapidly 5 hr after the PGF-2alpha infusion had
      started from values of 250 mug/hr and 25 mug/hr to values below 60 mug/hr and 8
      mug/hr, respectively. At this time the conversion of radioactive pregnenolone to
      progesterone was reduced by 50% of its initial value, but the secretion of
      endogenous pregnenolone and the formation of radioactive metabolites other than
      progesterone were not diminished. In 4 control animals, which received
      pregnenolone only, no changes in ovarian blood flow, steroid secretion rates, or
      in the conversion of labelled pregnenolone were observed. These results suggest a
      possible involvement of PGF-2alpha in the regulation of progesterone biosynthesis
      by an action on the 3beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase-delta5(-4) isomerase
      enzyme system.

PMID- 957328
TI  - The relationship between semen evaluation methods and fertility in the bull.
AB  - The results are presented of two experiments in which the quality of samples of
      bull semen was assessed by a number of laboratory tests and then correlated with
      the 112-day non-return percentage obtained by the use of those samples in A.I.
      The results reveal the inadequacy of the laboratory tests used as methods of
      predicting the fertility of semen samples but show that limits may be set outside
      which poor semen samples could be discarded.

PMID- 957329
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the perforatorium of rat spermatozoa.
AB  - The perforatorium of rat spermatozoa was isolated and its protein composition
      determined. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the organelle is
      composed of a single polypeptide component with a molecular weight of 13,000. The
      perforatorium becomes more resistant to solubilization during epididymal transit
      due to an apparent increase in disulphide bond content. Amino acid analysis of
      the perforatorium polypeptide revealed a content of 6-5% cysteine.

PMID- 957330
TI  - Effects of oviducal cells on the survival and fertilizing ability of fowl
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Oviducal epithelial cells were cultured and the effects of the cells on the
      survival and fertilizing ability of fowl spermatozoa were investigated. When
      spermatozoa were incubated at 41 degrees C with cells from the infundibulum,
      shell gland or uterovaginal junction, their motility, assessed at room
      temperature (20-23 degrees C), was maintained for 5 to 6 days. Fertilizing
      ability was also retained after culture at 41 degrees C for at least 4 days.
      During incubation at this temperature, the spermatozoa were almost immotile and
      rested in close proximity to the oviducal cells. At 23 degrees C, the same
      spermatozoa were highly motile.

PMID- 957331
TI  - Differentiation of cholesterol compartments in the immature chick testis.
AB  - The behaviour of testicular free and esterified cholesterol during early
      posthatching development and after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin
      was studied in the immature chick using combined electron microscope and
      biochemical techniques. The interstitial cells represented about 65% of the
      testicular tissue and the lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of these cells were
      considerably depleted after HCG treatment. The lipid droplets isolated from 7-day
      old testis contained about 95% of the total esterified cholesterol which was
      significantly reduced in the testis and isolated lipid droplets after HCG
      stimulation. The bulk of free cholesterol was associated with the microsomal
      fraction whose membranes and cholesterol content increased during normal
      maturation and after gonadotrophin-induced differentiation.

PMID- 957332
TI  - Uterine secretion-like proteins in the seminal plasma of the rabbit.
AB  - The results of polyacrylamide disc electrophoretic, gel chromatographic and agar
      gel immunoelectrophoretic analyses of rabbit seminal plasma were compared to
      those for uterine secretions and serum. Two of the seminal plasma proteins seemed
      to be identical with the uterine proteins uteroglobin and prealbumin.

PMID- 957333
TI  - Electrophoretic characterization of proteins in the plasma membrane of porcine
      spermatozoa.

PMID- 957334
TI  - Ovarian blood flow in conscious and anaesthetized pregnant rabbits near term and
      the influence of arterial blood gas tensions.
AB  - Total ovarian, luteal and stromal blood flows were measured with radioactive
      microspheres (25 mum diameter) in 7 rabbits anaesthetized with sodium
      pentobarbitone and 23 conscious rabbits at Day 28 of gestation. Despite major
      differences in cardiac output, arterial PO2, PCO2, pH and base status, ovarian
      tissue blood flows were similar in both groups. In the conscious rabbits total
      ovarian blood flow was negatively related to arterial pressure, and luteal blood
      flow was negatively related to pressure and arterial pH. In the anaesthetized
      rabbits ovarian stromal blood flow was positively related to arterial PO2.

PMID- 957335
TI  - Decrease in litter weight gain and in progesterone secretion in lactating rats
      treated with antiserum to rat prolactin.

PMID- 957336
TI  - Secretion of LH in rams exposed to two different photoperiods.

PMID- 957337
TI  - The influence of in-vitro culture and cooling on the survival and development of
      cow embryos.
AB  - Cow morulae cultured in a phosphate-buffered medium containing serum developed
      normally and retained viability when transferred to recipients. Unlike earlier
      cleavage stages, cow blastocysts tolerated cooling to 0 degrees C and retained
      viability after storage for 48 hr at 0 degrees C when transferred to recipients.

PMID- 957338
TI  - Substitution of ovarian function in the pregnant rat.

PMID- 957339
TI  - Inhibition of multiple ovulation in hypophysectomized hens treated with
      gonadotrophins.
AB  - Administration of PMSG or FSH to hypophysectomized hens prevented the multiple
      ovulation (2-3 ova) induced by an OIH. Inhibition of multiple ovulation did not
      occur when FSH was injected 1/2-2 hr before the OIH injection. The results are
      believed to support the theory that withdrawal of FSH stimulation sensitizes a
      follicle to the OIH in the normal hen.

PMID- 957340
TI  - Evaluation by the heterospermic insemination technique of the differential effect
      of freezing at--196 degrees C on fertility of individual bull semen.

PMID- 957341
TI  - Viability of horse embryos after storage and long-distance transport in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 957342
TI  - A study of the possible role of prostaglandins in decidualization using a
      nonsurgical method for the instillation of fluids into the rat uterine lumen.

PMID- 957343
TI  - Concanavalin A agglutinability of developing mouse trophoblast.

PMID- 957344
TI  - Labelling of acrosomes in mouse spermatozoa by L-(1-3H)fucose.

PMID- 957345
TI  - The ultrastructure of knobbed bull spermatozoa.

PMID- 957346
TI  - Editorial: The genesis of a hospital.

PMID- 957347
TI  - The management of DES-exposed women: one physician's approach.
AB  - The female offspring of DES-treated mothers are examined cytologically and
      colposcopically annually, starting at the age of seven years no treatment is
      indicated until a colposcopic atypical transformation zone occurs. With its
      occurrence all the abnormal epithelium(squamous or columnar) is excised from the
      vagina and cervix under colposcopic guidance in the hospital or in the office
      under local anesthesia. The procedures are done in stages to minimize scarring
      and to eliminate the possibility of vaginal-cervical adhesions or vaginal
      shortening. The finding of an incidence of 47% of cervical or vaginal
      intraepithelial neoplasia in 34 patients aged 10 to 26 years so treated to date
      indicates a high risk of potential candidacy for squamous carcinoma of the vagina
      or cervix in later years.

PMID- 957348
TI  - Evaluation and management of DES-exposed women.

PMID- 957349
TI  - Management of adenosis.

PMID- 957350
TI  - Management of vaginal adenosis at Beth Israel Hospital, Boston.

PMID- 957351
TI  - Management of vaginal adenosis at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.

PMID- 957352
TI  - Procedures for managing patients with histories of exposure to estrogenic
      substances in utero.

PMID- 957353
TI  - The mangement of DES-exposed patients at the Medical College of Pennsylvania.

PMID- 957354
TI  - Sex ratio in the progeny of mothers with toxemia of pregnancy.
AB  - Maternal-fetal incompatibility may be an essential component in the etiology of
      toxemia of pregnancy. A prior study found an abnormally high sex (male:female)
      ratio, suggestuve of Y-dependent histoincompatibility. We studied the records of
      373 patients alleged to have some indication of toxemia among 3,246 births and
      applied standard criteria for classification. There were no significant
      differences for any group compared with the sexondary sex ratio expected of the
      population(94.6% Black).

PMID- 957355
TI  - Ovarian dysgerminoma: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - A case of ovarian dysgerminoma, found in a 14-year-old girl, is described. The
      ultrastructural study showed three different types of cells-two kinds of tumor
      cells(the main tumor cells of the germ-cell type and the second type with deeply
      indented nuclei and scanty cytoplasm) and stromal cells. The tumor also showed a
      typical lymphocytic infiltration, and the cells appeared to be embedded in a
      matrix of collagen fibers and ground substance.

PMID- 957356
TI  - Management of cervical neoplasia with colposcopy.
AB  - During a 44-month period the introduction of colposcopy to a metropolitan
      dysplasia clinic resulted in 1, 144 colposcopic examinations on 442 patients.
      Agreement between colposcopically directed biopsy and final diagnosis was found
      in 84%, and directed biopsy revealed the most advanced lesion in 42.5%.
      Satisfactory colposcopy was performed on 93% of patients, and some degree of
      histologic abnormality was obtained in 86% of patients with colposcopic
      abnormalities. Undetected invasive cervical cancer occurred in both cervical
      conization and colposcopic examinations with equal frequency. Endocervical
      curettage detected two cases of occult invasive cancer, and increased use of this
      procedure is recommended. Guidelines for management of cervical neoplasia are
      suggested.

PMID- 957357
TI  - Intrauterine spontaneous depression of fetal skull: a case report and review of
      literature.
AB  - Intrauterine depression of fetal skull, with or without fracture, unassociated
      with any known trauma during pregnancy or delivery, is extremely rare in Western
      countries though not so rare in Africa among African women. Usually fetal skull
      depression is caused by forceps or digital pressure of the obstetrician during
      manual rotation. Forty such cases are reported in the literature-nine in Western
      countries and the remaining 31 over a period of three years at Harare Hospital
      Maternity Centre, Salisbury, Rhodesia, Africa. There, an incidence of one in
      4,000 deliveries was observed among the African women but none in 6,000
      deliveries of European women during the same period at a nearby hospital. The
      presentation of this paper is made in view of the rarity of intrauterine
      spontaneous fetal skull depression in Western countries and the not so infrequent
      occurrence in African and possibly other  developing countries and because of the
      persistent controversy about the treatment of this condition.

PMID- 957358
TI  - Hysteroscopy: an overview and history of intrauterine gas insufflation.

PMID- 957359
TI  - Laminaria augmentation of midtrimester pregnancy termination by intramuscular
      prostaglandin 15 (S) 15-methyl F2 alpha.
AB  - A group of 15 midtrimester gravid patients underwent intracervical laminaria tent
      insertion prior to repeated intramuscular injections of 250mu g of prostaglandin
      15 (S) 15-methyl F2 alpha at two-hour intervals for elective termination of
      pregnancy. This group was compared with a previously reported group of 80
      patients who had received identical treatment without laminaria insertion. A
      significant reduction in mean abortion time and an increased 24-hour abortion
      rate were observed with the addition of laminaria. There was a proportionate
      decrease in gastrointestinal side effects as well as a reduced need for analgesia
      in the laminaria group with no complications attributable to the laminaria
      insertion.

PMID- 957360
TI  - Three and one-half years' experience with a lower-dose combination oral
      contraceptive.
AB  - Updated data are presented that span 43 cycles of use of norgestrel 0.030 mg as a
      lower-dose combination oral contraceptive. Active participation by 1,633 women in
      20,312 treatment cycles has resulted in a use-effectiveness rate of 0.13 per 100
      woman-years. Satisfactory cycle control, minimal menstrual irregularities and a
      low incidence of side effects produced high acceptability among users. No drug
      toxicity was demonstrated. The incidence of discontinuance for medical reasons
      was low.

PMID- 957361
TI  - Female sterilization via minilaparotomy.
AB  - A simple, safe, economical and potentially reversible technique for female
      sterilization via minilaparotomy is evaluated in 204 patients (not recently
      pregnant and postpartum). Only light general anesthesia is required, and the
      procedure is performed with only equipment normally available in any hospital or
      outpatient clinic. A 2cm circumumbilical or suprapubic incision is made, and the
      physician manipulates the uterus to bring the fallopian tube in line with the
      incision. As the cornu passes the incision, the release of intraabdominal
      pressure at the site of the wound usually pushes the tube out of the peritoneal
      cavity. A majority of the procedures were performed in less than five minutes. No
      surgical difficulties were encountered, and no immediate complications or
      complaints were reported. Patients were usually hospitalized for one or two
      nights. Early postoperative complications or complaints were reported for 8.4% of
      the not-recently-pregnant patients and for 4.1% of the postpartum patients at the
      7-to-21-day follow-up visit. The most frequently reported complications and
      complaints were fever and lower abdominal pain. Further studies to determine the
      effectiveness of this type of sterilization and whether the procedure can be
      performed safely with local anesthetics and on an outpatient basis are being
      planned.

PMID- 957362
TI  - D-norgestrel: an estrogen-free, cyclic oral contraceptive.

PMID- 957363
TI  - Steroid delivery systems for contraception.
AB  - Scientific disciplines not normally associated with pharmaceutical development
      have been employed to enhance the effectiveness and attractiveness of two
      approaches to steroidal contraception. The use of a bioerodible polymeric carrier
      for predictable systemic steroidal administration has removed the largest hurdle
      to the development of a subcutaneous contraceptive implant. A polymeric
      progesterone delivery system has provided a method for localizing hormonal
      contraception in the uterine cavity. Extensions of these technologies may provide
      two useful tools in limiting fertility in an already overcrowded world.

PMID- 957364
TI  - The in vivo effects of asbestos on macrophage membrane structure and population
      characteristics of macrophages: a scanning electron microscope study.

PMID- 957365
TI  - Nature of macrophage modifications induced by the macrophage activating factor(s)
      (MAF): effect of enzymes and temperature.

PMID- 957366
TI  - Editorial: Industrial action by doctors.

PMID- 957367
TI  - Ethical issues arising from human genetics.
AB  - Advances in understanding genetic disorders have been rapid in the last few years
      and with them the need and desire for genetic counselling have grown. Almost
      simultaneously, particularly in the USA, several large screening programmes have
      been initiated to screen large numbers of people who may be carriers of such
      deleterious genes as those of Tay-Sachs disease and sickle cell anaemia. The
      authors of this paper, clinical medical students at University College Hospital,
      London, spent some time studying the ethical issues raised. The first part of
      their study, which is not published here, relates to the biochemistry of certain
      genetic disorders, so leading up to the aspect of the subject which must concern
      readers of this journal, genetic counselling. At present genetic counselling is
      generally the province of the medical practitioner working with clinical
      biochemists, and in this paper their function is described and how programmes of
      screening for carriers are designed. Whether the subjects of the screening tests
      are found to be 'innocent' or 'guilty' psychological problems confront them, and
      of these the genetic counsellor must be aware. In fact the range of ethical
      problems raised by such counselling is wide and can only be sketched in this
      article.

PMID- 957368
TI  - Is a moral consensus in medical ethics possible?
AB  - At the moment in Britain and elsewhere the debate inside and outside of
      Parliament on various medical issues which are essentially moral never ends.
      Everybody has his own point of view--or principles. But what emerges for society
      to adopt can often be called in lay terminology 'compromise'. Professor Mitchell
      argues in this paper that a moral consensus is possible and indeed ought to be
      achieved, as today the medical practitioner can no longer make his decision only
      in accordance with the strict code of ethics of the medical profession. The task
      of the philosopher, says Professor Mitchell, is to interpret the actions and
      attitudes demanded by modern medical practice.

PMID- 957369
TI  - Homosexuality and the medical profession: a behaviorist's view. A commentary.

PMID- 957370
TI  - Limits of confidentiality.
AB  - A patient is described, a woman of 60, who at that age was diagnosed as having
      Huntington's chorea, a genetic disease which is transmitted as an autosomal
      dominant. She had one daughter, who was married and lived abroad. The patient's
      mother and maternal aunt, it emerged during the consultations, had had the
      disease, and shortly after the diagnosis had been made the patient's sister was
      admitted to hospital with a repiratory condition, and in the course of treatment
      Huntington's chorea was diagnosed in her also. She had one daughter. Throughout,
      the problem was not only that of treating the patient herself, but the situation
      of all those of the family affected in any way. The patient's husband had not
      known of her medical history at the time of the marriage. At no time had the
      daughter been told. The discussion, in which seven doctors, a moral philosopher,
      and a social worker took part, centered on the basic issue of confidentiality in
      the case of a disease, from which would stem problems for the affected family
      through several generations. All were agreed that in these circumstances those
      affected must be told, but differed as to who should make some of the subsequent
      decisions. Some thought that having told of the diagnosis and its implications,
      the doctor should leave further decisions to those concerned; others that in a
      disease such as Huntington's chorea one is looking at part of a whole chain of
      genetic material, and, although the individual patient or potential patient is of
      course important, he or she must be seen in the genetic setting of the community.
      The participants also considered the psychological.

PMID- 957371
TI  - The Karen Quinlan case: problems and proposals.
AB  - Karen Quinlan, a young American girl, has lain in hospital since 15 April 1975
      without any prospect of recovering consciousness. Her breathing is assisted by
      means of a respirator and she is fed through a tube inserted in her stomach. Her
      adoptive parents applied to the courts for permission for the respirator to be
      switched off. The judge refused permission. Using the Quinlan case as an
      exemplar, Mr. Kennedy analyses the medical points one by one against the legal
      background. He would like to see established a code of practice to assist doctors
      in such cases who at present have no legal guidance. A set of rules arising as a
      consequence of a series of court decisions would be undesirable; rather a code
      should be drawn up as the result of discussion between the many people concerned
      and the consensus so arrived at.

PMID- 957372
TI  - Natural law.

PMID- 957373
TI  - Letter: A woman's right to reproduce.

PMID- 957374
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia in the south-west of England.
AB  - A retrospective anatomical, family, and epidemiological study was made of 143
      patients (81 female and 62 male) with diaphragmatic hernia who were born in the
      south-west of England between 1943 and 1974. Thirty-nine cases were stillborn.
      Seventy-five per cent of patients had a left-sided diaphragmatic defect, 22% had
      a right-sided defect, and 3% had a bilateral defect. Fifty per cent of the
      patients had other congenital malformations, most frequently of the nervous
      system. No maternal age or birth order effect was noted. Cases of diaphragmatic
      hernia without other malformations had in general a normal fetal growth rate.
      Eight per cent of the cases were illegitimate. There were two pairs of twins
      discordant for diaphragmatic hernia, one pair being dizygotic and the other
      monozygotic. In no case of diaphragmatic hernia was there a relative affected
      with a diaphragmatic hernia. The most common type of diaphragmatic defect was a
      posterolateral hernia (92%), followed in frequency by an eventration of the
      diaphragm (5%), the least common defect being a retrocostosternal hernia (2%).
      Diaphragmatic hernia appears to be aetiologically as well as anatomically
      heterogeneous. In this series there were two cases of trisomy 18, one case of
      trisomy 21, one case trisomic for a small part of chromosome 20, and two cases
      with the Pierre Robin syndrome. It seems likely that diaphragmatic hernia is a
      non-specific consequence of several teratological processes.

PMID- 957375
TI  - Syndrome designations.
AB  - Because syndrome designations permit the collection of data, they are much more
      than just lables. As new syndromes become delineated, their names connote (1)
      their phenotypic spectra, (2) their natural histories, and (3) their modes of
      inheritance or risk of recurrence. Various methods for designating new syndromes
      are reviewed, including naming them after (1) the basic defect, (2) an eponym,
      (3) one or more striking features, (4) an acronym, (5) a numeral, (6) a
      geographic term, and (7) some combination of the above. None of these systems of
      nomenclature is without fault. The advantages and disadvantages of each are
      discussed.

PMID- 957376
TI  - Pfeiffer syndrome: report of a family and review of the literature.
AB  - A 5-year-old boy and his father with Pfeiffer syndrome are described. They had
      acrocephaly, hypertelorism, antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures,
      protrusion of the eyes, large and broad nose, small mandible, irregularly placed
      teeth, additional upper canine, high-arched palate, partial syndactyly of fingers
      and toes, brachydactyly of toes, valgus deformity of hypertrophied triangular
      great toes, broad phalanges of the great toes and broad first metatarsals,
      accessory epiphyses lateral to the interphalangeal joint of the great toes, and
      normal intelligence. To our knowledge, this is the first family in which the
      syndrome is almost totally confined to the head and feet--it spares the upper
      limbs except for partial skin syndactyly between the fingers--and the third
      family showing inheritance through three successive generations suggesting an
      autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The published papers are reviewed and the
      clinical and x-ray signs are tabulated.

PMID- 957377
TI  - Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting (EEC) syndrome: dominant inheritance
      and variable expression.
AB  - An infant is reported with a complete form of the ectrodactyly-ectodermal
      dysplasia clefting (EEC) syndrome, inherited from his mother, who has a partial
      expression of the condition, without clefting. This observation stresses the
      phenotypic variability of the EEC syndrome, which in most cases is inherited as
      an autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance.

PMID- 957378
TI  - Chronic spinal muscular atrophy of facioscapulohumeral type.
AB  - Chronic spinal muscular atrophy of FSH type affecting a mother and her son and
      daughter is reported. The relevant literature is reviewed and the relation
      between this conditon and Kugelberg-Welander (K-W) disease is discussed. Chronic
      spinal muscular atrophy of FSH type is considered to be a different entity from
      the eponymous K-W disease. Each type of muscular dystrophy, e.g. limb-girdle,
      FSH, distal, ocular, or oculopharyngeal type, has its counterpart of nuclear
      origin. A classification of the chronic spinal muscular atrophies is suggested
      following the classification of muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 957379
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts from fibrodysplasia
      ossificans progressiva.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase activity in four strains of cultured skin fibroblasts
      obtained from a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva was at the low
      normal range. The enzyme activity in normal fibroblasts significantly increased
      at late confluency. It appears that the high levels of alkaline phosphatase
      activity reported in biopsies of lesions are not genetically determined but are
      secondary events of local tissue reaction.

PMID- 957380
TI  - Topographic approach for analysis of palm crease variants.
AB  - As the variability and possible clinical significance of palm increase
      abnormalities receive greater attention, an accurate and objective method for
      evaluating the palm increase variants is required. A new method is described
      employing a topographic approach. A network of co-ordinates drawn on the palm
      prints enables an accurate and reproducible description to be made of unlimited
      numbers of variants of palm crease configurations. This method makes possible
      quantitative studies rather than merely qualitative descriptions of the palm
      crease patterns. To determine its usefulness, this method was employed in a
      comparative study of 100 individuals with Down's syndrome and 100 controls.
      Significantly higher total degree of transversality (T-DoT), as defined in this
      paper, was found in the Down's syndrome group. T-DoT may be a useful parameter in
      the evaluation of crease patterns of patients with congenital and genetic
      disorders.

PMID- 957381
TI  - Further studies on the genetic heterogeneity of cebocephaly.
AB  - The detailed morphological description of 4 cases with cebocephaly, 3 of which
      were karotyped (one with D trisomy and 2 with normal karyotypes), are presented.
      Analysis of all cytogenetically studied cases with this malformation reveals that
      cebocephaly with a normal karyotype may result from more than one mutant gene,
      and so it may be accompanied by different extracranial abnormalities. On the
      other hand an absence of visceral malformations does not exclude chromosomal
      aberrations; thus 18p- syndrome, where cebocephaly is frequent, may have no
      visceral abnormalities.

PMID- 957382
TI  - Non-disjunction of an unusual X chromosome.
AB  - Because of multiple abnormalities in her children, a young mother was
      investigated and shown to have a 47,XXX chromosome constitution. Additional C
      group chromosomes without visible centromeric constrictions were found in a
      number of cells from the peripheral blood, and using C and Q banding techniques
      these chromosomes were identified as X chromosomes. Analysis of the banding
      karyotypes of 300 cells revealed that the acentric X chromosomes had the ability
      to replicate and that this replication was associated with non-disjunction
      leading to aneuploid cells. Even though cultured skin cells did not have acentric
      or extra chromosomes in addition to the triple-X, examination of buccal mucosa
      cells for the presence of X-bodies suggested that the phenomenon of non
      disjunction was present in the epithelial cells of the patient. In addition to
      the X without a visible centromeric constriction, either acentric D or E
      chromosomes were found. The data suggest that a functional defect in the cells
      per se is responsible for the appearance of the acentric chromosomes.

PMID- 957383
TI  - Multiple congenital defects associated with trisomy for long arm of No. 4.
AB  - The clinical and cytogenetic findings of a male infant with multiple congenital
      anomalies and trisomy for the distal third of the long arm of No. 4 are
      described. The abnormal chromosome was inherited from the mother who had a
      balanced translocation, t(4;9)(q31;q34). Trisomy for the long arm of No. 4 has
      previously been described in only 3 patients.

PMID- 957384
TI  - Tetraploidy in a liveborn infant.
AB  - A congenitally malformed infant with a tetraploid chromosome complement who
      survived to 1 year of age is reported. The relationship of the polyploidy and the
      anomalies is discussed.

PMID- 957385
TI  - 46,XY/46,XY,21q- mosaicism in an infant with neutropenia and properdin
      deficiency.
AB  - An infant with neutropenia, properdin deficiency, and a 46,XY/46,XY,21q-
      mosaicism is described. It is not known whether these two findings are related to
      the missing 21q material. The propositus is normal in appearance, and has none of
      the phenotypic features associated with the G-group deletion syndromes.

PMID- 957386
TI  - Graduate medical education viewed from the national intern and resident matching
      program.
AB  - The total number of applicants for first-year programs in graduate medical
      education through the National Intern and Resident Matching Program in 1976
      exceeded the number of positions offered for the second consecutive year. The
      number of positions available for U.S. medical school graduates in 1976 was
      approximately 1.22. Based on student preferences for their first-year graduate
      medical education programs, there were deficits in the number of openings offered
      in the primary care specialties and surfeits in medical and surgical
      subspecialties, pathology, psychiatry, and radiology.

PMID- 957387
TI  - The mystification of meaning: doctor-patient encounters.
AB  - The symbolic and communicative aspects of illness and treatment are examined. A
      number of factors that complicate interpersonal communication are identified and
      found to exist in their most extreme form in medical settings. New directions in
      research and training are suggested that might prepare medical personnel to
      respond more sensitively and flexibly to the symbolic aspects of illness.

PMID- 957388
TI  - Marital satisfaction as perceived by the medical student's spouse.
AB  - This is a report of student marriages as perceived by spouses of medical students
      at the Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at
      Dallas. Between August and November 1974 a questionnaire was sent to all spouses
      (239) of sophomore, junior, and senior students and 1974 graduates. The
      questionnaire examined: areas of stress within marriage, congruence between
      expected and actual behavior in the marital partner's role performance, and the
      spouse's attitudes toward marital counseling and whether a marital counseling
      service should be made available. Stress factors frequently cited were student's
      preoccupation due to school pressures, limited finances for recreation and
      nonessentials, student's inaccessibility due to school and loneliness. Most
      respondents stated satisfaction with their marriage; however, 38 percent
      indicated that their marriage could have benefited from counseling some time
      during medical school.

PMID- 957389
TI  - Six years of experience with a summer program for minority students.
AB  - This artical summarizes six years of experience of the University of Texas
      Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB) with a summer program for the recruitment of
      minority students. During the six years, UTMB conducted six summer experiences
      for 112 Mexican-American and black premedical students and made numerous contacts
      with undergraduate college faculty and administrative staff for the purpose of
      increasing minority student enrollment in medical schools in general and in UTMB
      in particular. The program, which emphasized experiences which would increase the
      potential student's motivations, information, and academic skills, has resulted
      in numerous minority students entering medical school; but the impact on UTMB
      enrollments has been disappointing. Implications of the results of the program on
      future efforts to recruit minority students are discussed.

PMID- 957390
TI  - Training medical students in interpersonal relationship skills.
AB  - A review of the literature on training medical students in interviewing skills
      reveals a neglect of experimentally controlled studies as well as methods based
      on the most thoroughly researched approach to training, the Rogerian "core
      facilitative qualities." This paper reports a description and experimental
      evaluation of a training method designed to increase the student's comfort in
      dealing with emotionally intense material and to increase his skills in the core
      facilitative qualities. Comparison of the experimental and control groups reveals
      a training effect on the student's ability to recognize and communicate empathic
      understanding and on attitude and personality variables.

PMID- 957391
TI  - Comparison of the psychiatry learning system and traditional teaching of
      psychiatry.
AB  - Pressures of time, changing curricula, and increased enrollment in medical
      schools require the development of more efficient teaching methods to replace or
      supplement the traditional lecture format. The faculty of the Department of
      Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Medical University of South Carolina
      has developed an individualized course in basic psychiatry which can replace
      approximately 50 hours of lectures ordinarily delivered to students during the
      rotation on clinical psychiatry. The individualized course, referred to as the
      Psychiatry Learning System (PLS), was received by half the class during the year
      1973-74, and the lecture course was delivered to the other half. These two groups
      were compared on several learning outcomes, including attainment of theoretical
      knowledge about psychiatry, observational skills, interviewing ability, and
      problem-solving ability. Overall performance ratings by clinical supervisors were
      also obtained. The PLS group scored no worse on any of the measures but
      statistically better on half of them than did the lecture group.

PMID- 957392
TI  - Behavioral self-analysis in the medical curriculum.
AB  - Medical students in a first-year behavioral science course were required to
      conduct a behavior change project in accordance with a model based upon
      behavioristic principles. Most students conducted projects designed to alter
      their own behaviors, such as studying, eating, sleeping, and exercising. Student
      feedback, as well as formal evaluation of the projects that were conducted,
      provided a basis for the view that such procedures can make a significant
      contribution to the teaching of behavioral change technology in the medical
      curriculum.

PMID- 957393
TI  - The use of senior medical students as preceptors in freshman clinical science.

PMID- 957394
TI  - Psychiatric epidemiology: the university paradigm.

PMID- 957395
TI  - Curriculum for a 10-day medical student clerkship in ophthalmology.

PMID- 957396
TI  - Editorial: Graduate medical education: the changing scene.

PMID- 957397
TI  - Editorial: Is our value beyond measure?

PMID- 957398
TI  - The teaching hospital in the overall hospital community.

PMID- 957399
TI  - Letter: Faculty development.

PMID- 957400
TI  - Problems and concerns among medical students--1975.
AB  - Students at the University of Colorado School of Medicine were surveyed using an
      inventory of problems and conerns relating to their personal and academic lives.
      Results were to provide a data base for improvement of their educational
      environment via the ecosystem design process. The survey revealed that chief
      among student conerns are a lack of personal freedom, excessive academic
      pressures, and feelings of dehumanization. A marked trend toward increasing
      difficulty with thoughts of having chosen the wrong profession is noted over the
      four class levels. The authors offer several hypotheses relating to the
      underlying conditions responsible for these findings and discuss their possible
      relation to the current malpractice insurance crisis.

PMID- 957401
TI  - Prediction of screening decisions in a medical school admission process.
AB  - To study and predict a set of screening decisions in a medical school admission
      process, a stratified sample (n = 864) was drawn to represent the range of
      applicants to the Yale University School of Medicine during a single year. A
      smaller sample from the following year's applicants was drawn in a similar
      fashion for purposes of cross-validation. Prior to the prediction of screening
      decisions, a set of independent variables was selected by a factor analytic
      procedure from credentials in an applicant's admission folder. These folder
      variables ranged in nature from quantitative measures of academic performance to
      demographic information and types of extracurricular activity. Two multivariate
      statistical procedures, Sonquist's Automatic Interaction Detection (AID) and
      linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were used to predict screening decisions.
      Measures of academic performance and ability proved to be the most effective
      predictors of screening decision, as evidenced in the final AID tree and the
      discriminant function.

PMID- 957402
TI  - The Medical Polyclinic: an approach to conflicting needs in a teaching hospital.
AB  - University teaching hospitals have become increasingly aware of their
      responsibility to improve both the teaching of ambulatory care and the quality of
      care provided in their clinics. This paper describes how one department of
      medicine met this challenge by forming a "Medical Polyclinic." The majority of
      the department's faculty and house staff, at all academic and training levels,
      participate in a system of ambulatory care with the following objectives: each
      patient has a single physician whom he sees by appointment and who coordinates
      his care; all medical subspecialties are available in the same clinic session;
      the clinic is attractive and efficient. While these goals are not infrequently
      met in private group practices, they are unusual in a university teaching
      hospital, where faculty, house staff, students, and patients each have unique
      needs, not always compatible. The success and problems of the polyclinic approach
      are discussed.

PMID- 957403
TI  - Systematic instruction in interpretive aspects of laboratory medicine.
AB  - It is increasingly important for physicians to develop competence in ordering and
      interpreting laboratory tests. A review of the literature revealed no formal
      discussion of systematic instruction in the interpretive aspects of laboratory
      medicine. The goals, organization, instructional approaches, and assessment of a
      course offering such instruction are described here. Students are expected to
      develop an algorithmic approach to ordering and interpreting laboratory tests in
      the course of diagnosing and managing clinical problems in the major areas of
      medicine. Instructional approaches include lectures, case problem-solving
      sessions, and independent study. There has been an exponential growth in the
      number of students electing to take this course. Students respond
      enthusiastically to most aspects of the course. They are rated significantly
      higher on appropriate criterion measures in subsequent clinical electives than
      students who have not had such formal instruction in laboratory medicine during
      the senior years.

PMID- 957404
TI  - Validity and use of written simulation tests of clinical performance.
AB  - The outcome of a simulated clinical problem (drug-induced agranulocytosis) was
      compared with the outcome of similar cases in real medical service. The total
      performance of 100 sixth-year medical students at the end of their clerkship in
      internal medicine resulted in a mortality of 10 per cent in the simulation
      exercise. This mortality rate is the same as that which occured in the medical
      service during a four-year period. The total performance of the students was at
      about the same level at the end of the first clinical term and at the beginning
      of the clerkship in internal medicine (sixth term) but significantly better at
      the end of the latter.

PMID- 957405
TI  - The results of a 13-year training program in maternal and child health for
      physicians.
AB  - This paper describes the 13-year experience of one school of public health in
      preparing physicians for the field of maternal and child health. Some 256 (87.7
      percent) of the 292 graduates have remained in community health work. Of the 292
      graduates, 106 (36.3 percent) are engaged in some teaching responsibilities.

PMID- 957406
TI  - Pilot programs for minority students: one school's experience.

PMID- 957407
TI  - The effect on medical students of repetition of a physical examination routine.

PMID- 957408
TI  - Team testing: one component in evaluating surgical clerks.

PMID- 957409
TI  - Effective use of multiple training sites for clinical clerkships in psychiatry.

PMID- 957410
TI  - Some findings on career choice in general medicine in Yugoslavia.

PMID- 957411
TI  - Reflections on the current state of knowledge of physician career development.

PMID- 957412
TI  - Associations between type of health profession and judgments about prevention of
      sickling disorders.

PMID- 957413
TI  - A 'prepaid package' for obstetrics: effect on teaching and patient care in a
      university hospital.

PMID- 957414
TI  - A new education-service model for teaching pediatrics in the ambulatory setting.

PMID- 957416
TI  - Editorial: Myths of medical education.

PMID- 957415
TI  - The assessment of competence in clinical decision-making: a computer approach
      based on decision theory.

PMID- 957417
TI  - Datagram. Women enrollment and its minority component in U.S. medical schools.

PMID- 957418
TI  - Letter: Faculty lecturing.

PMID- 957419
TI  - Letter: Learning to see.

PMID- 957420
TI  - Acinetobacter and similar organisms in ear infections.
AB  - Fifty-seven strains of acinetobacter-like organisms were isolated over a period
      of 26 months from the ears of 55 patients with acute or chronic otitis media, or
      otitis externa, and one strain was isolated in a survey of 50 normal ears. After
      comparison with eight reference strains, 32 of the isolates were identified as
      Acinetobacter anitratus, 22 as Acinetobacter Iwoffii, three as Moraxella spp. and
      one as Achromobacter sp. Analysis of the clinical findings suggests that although
      most of these organisms played little part in the disease process, a few strains
      were probably pathogenic in this situation.

PMID- 957421
TI  - The detection and avoidance of false-positive reactions in tests for rubella
      specific IgM.
AB  - Serum specimens tested for rubella-specific IgM by the haemagglutination
      inhibition technique may give false-positive results due to (a) storage at -20
      degrees C, (b) bacterial contamination, or (c) inactivation at 56 degrees C.
      These false-positive reactions can be distinguished from rubella-specific IgM
      activity by their resistance to 2-ME.

PMID- 957422
TI  - Low-resolution structure of the glycogen phosphorylase alpha monomer and
      comparison with phosphorylase beta.

PMID- 957423
TI  - A theory of protein molecule self-organization. IV. Helical and irregular local
      structures of unfolded protein chains.

PMID- 957424
TI  - Head length determination in bacteriophage T4: the role of the core protein P22.

PMID- 957425
TI  - Structure of carboxypeptidase B at 2-8 A resolution.

PMID- 957426
TI  - Translation of the RNAs of brome mosaic virus: the monocistronic nature of RNA1
      and RNA2.

PMID- 957427
TI  - Kinetics of co-operative ligand binding in proteins: the effects of organic
      phosphates on hemoglobin oxygenation.

PMID- 957428
TI  - Studies on the satellite DNAs of Drosophila nasutoides: their buoyant densities,
      melting temperatures, reassociation rates and localizations in polytene
      chromosomes.

PMID- 957429
TI  - RNA double-helical fragments at atomic resolution. I. The crystal and molecular
      structure of sodium adenylyl-3',5'-uridine hexahydrate.

PMID- 957430
TI  - RNA double-helical fragments at atomic resolution. II. The crystal structure of
      sodium guanylyl-3',5'-cytidine nonahydrate.

PMID- 957431
TI  - Structure and function of haemoglobin Philly (Tyr C1 (35) beta replaced by Phe).

PMID- 957432
TI  - Chemical probes of extended biological structures: synthesis and properties of
      the cleavable protein cross-linking reagent [35S]dithiobis(succinimidyl
      propionate).

PMID- 957433
TI  - Chromosomal protein interactions in chromatin and with DNA.

PMID- 957434
TI  - Changes in muscle crossbridges when beta, gamma-imido-ATP binds to myosin.

PMID- 957435
TI  - Twinning in crystals of human skeletal muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 957436
TI  - Messenger RNA potential and the delay before exponential decay of messages.

PMID- 957437
TI  - Comparison of protein crystal diffraction patterns and absolute intensities from
      synchrotron and conventional x-ray sources.

PMID- 957438
TI  - 13C Magnetic resonance evidence for anisotropic molecular motion in collagen
      fibrils.

PMID- 957439
TI  - A simplified representation of protein conformations for rapid simulation of
      protein folding.

PMID- 957440
TI  - Detection of conformational changes in actin by proteolytic digestion: evidence
      for a new monomeric species.

PMID- 957441
TI  - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance of the errichrome peptides: structural and strain
      contributions to the conformational state.

PMID- 957442
TI  - Crystallographic data of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase.

PMID- 957443
TI  - Anatomy and ultrastructure of the excretory system of the lizard, Sceloporus
      cyanogenys.
AB  - The anatomy and ultrastructure of the lizard kidney (Sceloporus cyanogenys) have
      been studied by light and electron microscopy. The number of glomeruli was
      counted in serial sections and estimated to be 2,000 (in the two kidneys).
      Beginning with the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule the nephron segments are
      sequentially: (a) proximal tubule; (b) intermediate ciliated segment consisting
      of a proximal and distal part; (c) distal tubule, which can be divided into two
      segments, followed by (d) connecting tubule and (e) initial collecting duct. The
      initial collecting ducts from several nephrons open into the collecting duct.
      Tubular epithelium in this lizard has similarities to that of other reptiles. The
      lateral borders do not overlap like in mammals, but interdigitate by fingerlike
      projections. The length of the nephron segments was measured in disected tubules
      and the diameter was measured on light and electron micrographs. From these
      measurements estimates of inner tubular surface area were made. Together with
      data from physiological studies (Stolte et al., '76; Schmidt-Nielsen, '76) the
      estimated surface area was used to calculate transport rates per unit area across
      the epithelium. Comparisons of structure and transport rates per unit area across
      the epithelium. Comparisons of structure and transport rates were made between S.
      cyanogenys and other reptiles and mammals.

PMID- 957444
TI  - Laser microbeam irradiation of rat kangaroo cells (PTK2) following selective
      sensitization with bromodeoxyuridine and ethidium bromide.
AB  - Ethidium bromide (10 mug/ml) and bromodeoxyuridine (25 mug/ml) were used to
      sensitize selective cell organelles to visible wavelengths of an argon ion laser
      (488 and 514 nanometers). Ethidium bromide was shown to be selective in
      sensitizing nucleoli, chromosomes, and the centriolar region of PTK2 cells to the
      laser microbeam. Similarly, BrDU sensitized chromosomes to the microbeam
      irradiation. The lesions produced on the chromosomes when either agent was used
      appeared as a phase paling of the irradiated segment. Nucleolar lesions also
      appeared as a phase paling, and the centriolar region alteration appeared either
      as a phase paling or a phase darkening.

PMID- 957445
TI  - Ultrastructural investigation of the mechanism of muscle attachment to the
      gastropod shell.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the muscle-shell attachment was investigated in the land
      pulmonate snails Helix aspersa, Anguispira alternata, in the freshwater pulmonate
      Laevipex sp., and in the freshwater prosobranch Pomacea paludosa. In all cases, a
      collagenous intercellular matrix and a specialized epithelium (tendon cells)
      intervene between the columellar muscle and the shell. These tendon cells are
      characterized by hemidesmosomes at both apical and basal ends, connected by thick
      bundles of microfilaments. The tendon cells do not insert into the shell directly
      by microvilli, as formerly thought, but by an extensive network of extracellular
      organic fibers.

PMID- 957446
TI  - The development of the septum primum relative to atrial septation in the mouse
      heart.
AB  - The septum primum in the mouse originates as a thickened primordium with a
      straight rather than a sickle-shaped ventral border. It is covered on its ventral
      border by anterior cushion material which is continuous over the roof of the
      atrium with the principal anterior cushion mass. A process of cavitation thins
      the septum primum and precedes actual fenestration. This process shifts the
      membranous septum to the left thereby providing room for the septum secundum to
      overlap on the right side. The septum primum cannot contact the posterior cushion
      until closure of the sinus venosus gutter which is described. The closure of the
      interatrial foramen, later the foramen primum, is accomplished by cell growth of
      the anterior cushion material. The ventral thick border of the septum primum
      contributes to the ventral limbus and the caudal thickened boundary of the fossa
      ovalis with some contribution from the left venous valve. These boundaries as
      well as the membranous portion of the interatrial septum are derived from the
      same primordium, namely the septum primum.

PMID- 957447
TI  - The response of transplants of cultured fetal mouse ovaries in kidneys of
      ovariectomized adult mice.
AB  - Whole ovaries from 16-day fetal mice were cultured for 6 to 20 days and then
      transplanted to the kidneys of ovariectomized adult mice where they remained for
      one to four weeks. After three weeks in the host's kidneys, many follicles
      developed within the transplants and became vesiculated. Many of the oocytes
      within these follicles had formed the first metaphase spindle of meiosis and
      several had completed the first polar body. Host mice bearing transplants that
      contained vesiculated follicles showed uterine stimulation and keratinization of
      their vaginae. However, ovaries that had been in culture for more than ten days
      before transplantation showed a limited response to the gonadotropins and never
      matured sufficiently to stimulate the host's reproductive tract. No ovulations
      occurred in any of the transplants.

PMID- 957448
TI  - Myocardial adenine nucleotide translocase.

PMID- 957449
TI  - An effect of the cardiotoxic protein volvatoxin A on the function and structure
      of heart muscle cells.

PMID- 957450
TI  - Experimental myocardial ischemia. III. Protective effect of glucose of myocardial
      function.

PMID- 957451
TI  - The action of isoproterenol on the chick embryo heart.

PMID- 957452
TI  - Calcium uptake by mechanically disaggregated heart muscle.

PMID- 957453
TI  - Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in myocardial ischaemia: effects of
      glycerol, glucose and insulin on anoxic hearts perfused at low pressure.

PMID- 957454
TI  - Treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures with a compression hip screw and a
      nail plate.

PMID- 957455
TI  - The application of the Maatz-spreading-nail in operative treatment of distal
      tibial fractures.
AB  - The treatment of fractures located in the distal two fifths of the tibia offers
      some difficulties for anatomic and physiologic reasons. For operative treatment
      the conical form of the medullary cavity requires a special form of nail. Maatz
      developed a spreading-nail in 1943, which was applied in 107 cases between 1956
      and 1974 by the present authors. Retrospective analysis of 64 cases showed
      advantages and limitations of this nail. If applied with proper indications very
      satisfactory results were seen. The operative technique described is simple.

PMID- 957456
TI  - The role of thoracic aortic occlusion for massive hemoperitoneum.
AB  - Forty patients with abdominal injury and massive hemoperitoneum had left
      thoracotomy and thoracic aortic occlusion. All 40 patients had tense abdominal
      distention and 37 patients were hypotensive at the time of skin incision despite
      aggressive resuscitation with blood and crystalloid solution. Laparotomy was
      performed initially in 11 patients; seven patients had sudden cardiovascular
      collapse as the abdominal wall tamponade was released and four patients remained
      hypotensive. With thoracotomy and thoracic aortic occlusion six of the 11
      patients were resuscitated and had their injuries repaired. Thoracotomy and
      thoracic aortic occlusion were performed before laparotomy in 29 patients: seven
      patients remained hypotensive and expired; blood pressure was promptly restored
      in 22 patients and 11 of them survived the operative procedure. Left thoracotomy
      and thoracic aortic occlusion, before laparotomy, is offered as an alternative
      approach in patients with refractory hypotension and tense, abdominal distention.
      This technique aids in rapid restoration of vital signs, insures continued
      perfusion of the brain and myocardium, provides proximal arterial control, and
      prevents sudden cardiac arrest as the abdominal wall tamponade is released.

PMID- 957457
TI  - Intraoperative autotransfusion: equipment, protocols, and guidelines.
AB  - Blood obtained by intraoperative autotransfusion is: 1) readily available 2)
      sterile 3) compatible 4) normothermic 5) inexpensive and may be infused rapidly
      for volume support. We have made extensive modifications to commercially
      available equipment in order to provide a safe, effective IAT. The effects of IAT
      in our series of 85 patients are outlined below. Red Cell Mass is reduced after
      IAT because of irretrievable blood loss and hemolysis, and may be controlled by
      homologous transfusion when necessary. Red Cell Survival is normal after IAT.
      Hemolysis. Plasma free hemoglobin is consistently elevated after IAT, but clears
      within 24 hours. Platelets are normal for patients autotransfused less than 3,500
      ml; micropore filters should not be used in cases where greater than 3,500 ml
      blood is expected to be reinfused; in cases where greater than 3,500 ml is
      reinfused, 10 units of platelets are recommended for every 3,000 ml of blood
      reinfused; IAT does effect platelets function; however, platelets circulating
      within the patient function normally. Coagulation. We use local ACD to eliminate
      extracorporeal surface clotting. Even with massive IAT we have never demonstrated
      any clinical or laboratory evidence of intravascular coagulopathy. "Dilutional
      coagulopathy" may be procuced when greater than 5,000 ml are reinfused, and may
      be controlled with fresh frozen plasma and platelet concentrates. Bilirubin
      levels were normal after IAT despite gross hemoglobinuria. Fat emboli were not
      noted after IAT. Air emboli must be a concern in IAT; HOWEVER, PROPER OPERATION
      AND EQUIPMENT MODIFICATION MAY ELIMINATE EMBOLI. Renal Failure was not noted
      after IAT. Alveolar-arterial Oxygen Difference and Blood Gases were normal after
      IAT. We feel IAT is not necessary if a blood loss less than 1,000 ml is expected.
      Also, if greater than 3,500 ml is expected additional backup (i.e. homologous
      transfusions, platelets, fresh frozen plasma) may be required. As banked donor
      blood reserves become more limited, IAT may become a routine part of general
      surgical procedures.

PMID- 957458
TI  - Blunt trauma involving the colon and rectum.

PMID- 957459
TI  - Mandibular fractures: the problem patient.
AB  - Of 110 adult patients with 163 mandibular fractures treated at University of
      Pennsylvania Graduate Hospital from 1964 to 1974, 17% had a history of previous
      mandibular fractures. All patients' medical records and X-rays were reviewed.
      Because of the characteristics of this patient population, it seems well suited
      for discussion as a problem group. Mandibular fractures in this urban area are
      most commonly caused by blows of a fist and the patient is often intoxicated,
      which impedes diagnosis, delays treatment, and probably results in further
      complications from injuries. Patients frequently do not comply with treatment
      recommendations, do discontinue immobilization, and fail to return for followup,
      even for removal of intermaxillary fixation. Almost one third had insufficient
      teeth for fixation; many had poor oral hygiene, and teeth in the fracture line,
      which led to complications. Osteomyelitis resulting in nonunion and requiring
      bone grafting occurred in seven patients. Recommended are: simplest fixation
      methods, minimal amounts of surgery, and as few extractions as possible.
      Experience from this patient group may be of help whenever a problem patient is
      seen with a mandibular fracture.

PMID- 957460
TI  - Vertical fracture dislocation of the tarsal navicular.
AB  - An isolated vertical fracture dislocation of the left tarsal navicular with some
      comminution was successfully treated with open reduction and internal fixation
      with a screw. The surgical treatment is described, and early mobilization
      strongly recommended.

PMID- 957461
TI  - Volar fracture dislocations of the second and third carpometacarpal joints
      associated with acute carpal tunnel syndrome.
AB  - Volar fracture dislocation of the second and third metacarpal bases associated
      with acute carpal tunnel syndrome in a 17-year-old football player were treated
      with open reduction, via volar incision to decompress the carpal tunnel, and via
      a second dorsal incision for internal fixation of the fracture dislocations with
      Kirschner wire fixation and reinsertion of the avulsed extensor carpi
      radialis:longus tendon. Anatomic reduction by closed or open reduction is
      recommended to avoid leaving patients with a weak grip and pain over the site of
      the fracture.

PMID- 957462
TI  - Editorial: Medical knowledge and society.

PMID- 957463
TI  - Infection with Schistosoma mansoni in the Gezire area of the Sudan.
AB  - A survey for schistosomiasis in a village in the Gezira area of the Sudan in 1973
      showed that there has probably been a great increase in the incidence of S.
      mansoni infection in the last 25 years. Severe morbidity was uncommon in this
      sample but overt infection was associated with the symptoms of bloody diarrhoea,
      tiredness, and possibly abdominal pain, and with a reduced level of haemoglobin.
      Hepatosplenomegaly was common and schistosomiasis is considered to have
      contributed to this, although hyperendemic malaria must also have been important
      in its causation.

PMID- 957464
TI  - Patterns of acute renal failure in leptospirosis.
AB  - The renal profile was studied in 61 patients having leptospirosis. Leptospira
      induced acute renal failure conformed to one of two distinct clinical patterns,
      either oliguric on non-oliguric renal failure. The prognosis was excellent in the
      latter variety of renal failure and mortality was confined to patients with
      oliguric renal failure, where severe glomerular and widespread tubulo
      interstitial lesions were invariably present. These patients had unfavourable
      prognostic features during life, such as prolonged oliguria and anuria, absence
      of a diruetic phase, persistent elevations in BUN and persistently low urea
      excretion. The prognostic significance of the age of the patients, hypotension
      and jaundice in relation to the occurrence and type of acute renal failure have
      been discussed. Retrospective observations indicate that both a vasculotoxic or
      haemorrhagic state and oliguric acute renal failure are important causes for
      mortality in human leptospiral infections.

PMID- 957465
TI  - Immunological response to tetanus toxoid during a schistosomal infection in mice.
AB  - Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni are unable to mount the same antibody
      response to tetanus toxoid as uninfected mice; the reduction in response does not
      occur during the prepatent period.

PMID- 957466
TI  - Letter: Poisoning due the Datura fastuosa.

PMID- 957467
TI  - Reversibility of lesions in schistosomiasis: a brief review.

PMID- 957468
TI  - Studies on intestinal epithelium involution during prolonged fasting.

PMID- 957469
TI  - Further studies on the mammalian cell nucleolus.

PMID- 957470
TI  - Ultrastructural study of the development of the agent of ewe's abortion.

PMID- 957471
TI  - Junctions in developing human and rat kidney: a freeze-fracture study.

PMID- 957472
TI  - Zonulae occludentes in alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium of dog lungs
      studies with the freeze-fracture technique.

PMID- 957473
TI  - Ultrastructure of a neurosensory organ in a root-knot nematode.

PMID- 957474
TI  - A circumferential bundle of microfilaments associated with desmosomes near the
      apex of typical thyroid epithelial cells.

PMID- 957475
TI  - Elongated virus particles in plasmodesmata.

PMID- 957476
TI  - Viral DNA-synthesizing intermediate complex isolated during assembly of
      bacteriophage phi X174.
AB  - A DNA protein complex that is a precursor of mature phi X174 phage was isolated.
      The complex sedimented with an S value of 50 in a sucrose gradient and contained
      phage DNA consisting of a replicative form molecule with an extended tail of
      single-stranded viral DNA. The viral-strand DNA ranged from one to two genomes in
      length. Proteins coded on the phi X174 genome as well as the host genome were
      associated with the viral DNA in the 50S precursor complex. Our results indicated
      that both viral DNA synthesis and cleavage of the growing viral-strand DNA
      occurred in the 50S complex.

PMID- 957477
TI  - Gene A product of phi X174 is required for site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage
      during single-stranded DNA synthesis in vivo.
AB  - A functional gene A product of phi X174 was found to be required at the stage of
      single-stranded DNA synthesis. A precursor complex that synthesizes single
      stranded DNA (50S complex [Fujisawa and Hayashi, 1976]) was isolated from cells
      infected with wild-type or with temperature-sensitive gene A mutant phage. Proper
      cleavage of the single-stranded viral DNA did not occur in cells infected with
      the temperature-sensitive gene A mutant under restrictive conditions. This
      resulted in (i) accumulation of linear viral DNA molecules of 2 units in length
      in the 50S complex and (ii) cessation of elongation of viral-strand DNA after one
      complete cycle of single-stranded DNA synthesis.

PMID- 957478
TI  - Nature of the molecular heterogeneity of human leukocyte interferon.
AB  - The existence of two components of human leukocyte interferon has been recently
      reported. In the present study, the nature of this molecular heterogeneity was
      explored by affinity chromatography on immobilized micro- and macroligands, ion
      exchange chromatography, and molecular sieving. Chromatography on a series of
      alkyl-agarose adsorbents shows, for the first time, the intrinsic hydrophobicity
      of human leukocyte interferon. Additionally, the separation of two interferon
      components is achieved by use of the alkyl-agarose as well as by the omega
      aminoalkyl-agarose adsorbents. Clear-cut separation of the two components was
      also achieved by chromatography on BSA-CH-Sepharose and on DEAE-Bio Gel A. An
      important feature of these separations is that they do not require the use of
      denaturing conditions. The molecular weights of the leukocyte interferon
      components, as determined on Sephadex G-75, are quite similar or identical,
      approximately 26,000. Thus, the molecular heterogeneity of human leukocyte
      interferon can be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the
      hydrophobicity and ionic properties of its two components.

PMID- 957479
TI  - Phospholipid metabolism in Pseudomonas BAL-31 infected with lipid-containing
      bacteriophage PM2.
AB  - Infection of Pseudomonas BAL-31 with the lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2
      resulted in no detectable change in the rate of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) or
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis. An increase in the PG content of
      infected cultures was not seen until the cultures began to lyse, and this
      increase was in fact only a relative increase resulting from the extensive
      turnover of PE at the onset of culture lysis. Turnover studies revealed that the
      glycerol, phosphorus fatty acid, and ethanolamine moieties of PE turned over
      simultaneously at the time of lysis, and therefore made it unlikely that there
      was a PE to PG conversion during the latent period of the phage. The lipid found
      in the bacteriophage did not reflect a preferential selection for lipid
      synthesized before or after infection, but in fact reflected the composition of
      the host membrane at the time the phage were assembled. The use of a modified
      medium that allowed the cultivation of Pseudomonas BAL-31 as a prototroph and
      resulted in reliable lysis times of infected cultures led us to the conclusion
      that PM2 infection effects little change in host phospholipid metabolism, and
      that there is sufficient PG in the host cytoplasmic membrane to account for a
      full burst of phage. As a result of the reliable lysis times that we have
      achieved, we concluded that certain metabolic events, i.e., PE turnover, are
      lytic phenomena and must not be confused with events relevant to the biosynthesis
      and maturation of the phage.

PMID- 957480
TI  - Mutator mutations in bacteriophage T4 gene 32 (DNA unwinding protein).
AB  - Bacteriophage T4 gene 32 encodes a DNA unwinding protein required for DNA
      replication, repair, and recombination. Gene 32 temperature-sensitive mutations
      enhance virtually all base pair substitution mutation rates.

PMID- 957481
TI  - Intermediates in adenovirus assembly.
AB  - Three intermediates in adenovirus assembly have been defined; nuclear
      intermediates, young virions, and mature virions. The nuclear intermediates are
      fragile and heterogenous in size (550S-670S) and withstand separation on ficoll
      gradients but fall apart upon CsCl gradient centrifugation unless prefixed with
      glutaraldehyde. They contain both capsid and core structures, and the core
      structures are preferentially released during purification in CsCl. The precursor
      polypeptides pVI and pVII are present in the intermediates without any
      corresponding mature polypeptide. The young virions (Ishibashi and Maizel, 1974)
      are stable and preferentially confined to the nuclei after cell fractionation.
      They contain both uncleaved precursor polypeptides and their cleavage products.
      The mature virions accumulate in the cytoplasm during cell fractionation and
      contain the final mature polypeptides. Pulse-chase labeling kinetics, focusing on
      the precursor polypeptides, suggest that these three classes participate in
      assembly of adenovirus. Tryptic peptide maps establish that polypeptide pVI is
      the precursor of polypeptide VI, but only a small fraction of polypeptide 26K can
      in vivo account for polypeptide VIII.

PMID- 957482
TI  - Defective bud formation in human cells chronically infected with subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis virus.
AB  - Human prostate cells chronically infected with the Mantooth strain of subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus multiply normally, fuse only occasionally
      to form giant cells, and yet have twisted intracytoplasmic nucleocapsids. These
      cells are able to support replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, although
      they release only small amounts of SSPE virus. To determine why carrier cells do
      not produce virus, they were examined with techniques for surface replication,
      freeze-fracturing, and immunoperoxidase labeling with SSPE antibody. The surface
      of carrier cells, like that of productive cells, is characterized by ridges
      crowned with viral antigens and devoid of the intramembrane particles revealed by
      freeze-fracture techniques. Since surface ridges form where nucleocapsids attach
      to the membrane, the shape and length of ridges are indicative of the shape and
      length of the underlying nucleocapsid. Whereas ridges on productive cells are
      serpentine in shape, those on carrier cells are typically straight or hairpin
      shaped, and the hairpin ridges are twice as long as serpentine ridges on
      productive cells. Furthermore, the spacing between ridges on carrier cells is
      never as small as that in productive infections, so that continuous sheets of
      viral membrane are never formed. The majority of carrier cells lack the round
      viral buds observed in productive cells but have, instead, many elongated
      processes attached to the cell surface. Each of these processes contains one or
      two hairpin ridges overlying hairpin-shaped nucleocapsids. These "hairpin buds"
      are restricted to a single region of the carrier cell surface, whereas viral buds
      are distributed over the entire surface of productive cells. Thus, there are
      several structural defects in carrier cells that depend on the specific
      interaction of a certain viral strain with a certain cell type. These defects
      prevent the deployment of viral antigen in some regions of the cell surface, the
      formation of nucleocapsids of normal length, the coiling of attached
      nucleocapsids, and the consolidation of sheets of viral membrane into spherical
      buds with the nucleocapsids coiled inside. These defects may account for the
      failure of carrier cells to shed infectious virus.

PMID- 957483
TI  - 7-Methyl-guanosine and efficiency of RNA translation.
AB  - Brome mosaic virus RNAs 3 and 4 were chemically modified to remove the terminal 7
      methyl-guanosine (m7G) structure, and the modified RNAs were tested for their
      messenger activity in a cell-free system derived from wheat embryo. Amino acid
      incorporation and ribosome-binding data show that removal of m7G results in
      reduction, but not complete abolition, of the messenger activity of the RNA. This
      suggests that the function of m7G may be related to efficient translation of
      messenger RNA. Possible involvement of other structural factors in RNA
      translation is discussed.

PMID- 957484
TI  - Characterization of a temperature-sensitive, hexon transport mutant of type 5
      adenovirus.
AB  - Infection of KB cells at 39.5 degrees C with H5ts147, a temperature-sensitive
      (ts) mutant of type 5 adenovirus, resulted in the cytoplasmic accumulation of
      hexon antigen; all other virion proteins measured, however, were normally
      transported into the nucleus. Immunofluorescence techniques were used to study
      the intracellular location of viral proteins. Genetic studies revealed that
      H5ts147 was the single member of a nonoverlapping complementation group and
      occupied a unique locus on the adenovirus genetic map, distinct from mutants that
      failed to produce immunologically reactive hexons at 39.5 degrees C ("hexon
      minus" mutants). Sedimentation studies of extracts of H5ts147-infected cells
      cultured and labeled at 39.5 degrees C revealed the production of 12S hexon
      capsomers (the native, trimeric structures), which were immunoprecipitable to the
      same extent as hexons synthesized in wild type (WT)-infected cells. In contrast,
      only 3.4S polypeptide chains were found in extracts of cells infected with the
      class of mutants unable to produce immunologically reactive hexon protein at 39.5
      degrees C. Hexons synthesized in H5ts147-infected cells at 39.5 degrees C were
      capable of being assembled into virions, to the same extent as hexons synthesized
      in WT-infected cells, when the temperature was shifted down to the permissive
      temperature, 32 degrees C. Infectious virus production was initiated within 2 to
      6 h after shift-down to 32 degrees C; de novo protein synthesis was required to
      allow this increase in viral titer. If ts147-infected cells were shifted up to
      39.5 degrees C late in the viral multiplication cycle, viral production was
      arrested within 1 to 2 h. The kinetics of shutoff was similar to that of a WT
      infected culture treated with cycloheximide at the time of shift-up. The P-VI
      nonvirion polypeptide, the precursor to virion protein VI, was unstable at 39.5
      degrees C, whereas the hexon polypeptide was not degraded during the chase. It
      appears that there is a structural requirement for the transport of hexons into
      the nucleus more stringent than the acquisition of immunological reactivity and
      folding into the 12S form.

PMID- 957485
TI  - Utilization of early promotors in mutant far P85 of bacteriophage T4.
AB  - We show that farP85 is a recessive mutant of T4 incapable of activating the
      delayed early promotors for genes 43 and 45 and that the farP85 mutation is in
      the same complementation group as the ts G1 mutation, which is located in the
      "modifier of transcription" (mot) gene.

PMID- 957486
TI  - Genome structure of incomplete particles of adenovirus.
AB  - Incomplete particles arising during productive growth of adenovirus were
      separated from infectious particles by density gradient centrifugation. The DNA
      contained in particles of low density was characterized by restriction enzyme
      analysis and by electron microscopy and heteroduplexing techniques. The DNA is
      heterogeneous in length, ranging in size from 15% of the normal genome to full
      length. Many individual molecules contain long, inverted terminal repetitions,
      which consist of the sequences extending from the normal left-hand end of the
      viral genome inward; the normal right end sequences appear to be missing from
      these molecules. The region of the genome reiterated in these molecules is that
      which has been implicated in transformation of rat cells by adenovirus
      (Gallimore, Sharp, and Sambrook, 1974; Graham, van der Eb, and Heijneker, 1974).
      A model for adenovirus replication is presented that accounts for the aberrant
      structures observed.

PMID- 957487
TI  - Radiculitis distress as a mimic of renal pain.
AB  - It is the experience of the urological author that radiculitis secondary to
      costovertebral joint derangement is the most common cause of lower abdominal
      pain. However, this pain is sometimes made worse when the patient is subjected to
      a flank incision for presumed renal disease, since the aftermath of a flank
      incision may be a downward pull on a rib owing to detachments of muscles attached
      to its superior surface. Emotional problems, too, befall many patients with
      radiculitis--despondency over delayed diagnoses or sensitivity at having been
      told their complaints are psychosomatic. Most often these difficulties disappear
      spontaneously once the pain is relieved. Definitive diagnosis requires orthopedic
      techniques. Unfortunately, few orthopedists are well versed or interested in the
      syndrome of renal pain. When they are, erroneous diagnosis can be corrected and a
      course of conservative or surgical treatment prescribed, with excellent results.

PMID- 957488
TI  - Evidence for a new mammalian organ: a preliminary report.
AB  - During an investigation on the mechanisms by which mannitol increases renal blood
      flow, using an in vitro perfused rat kidney preparation, it was observed that an
      osmotic challenge (320 mOsm) was followed by the accumulation of chloride and
      calcium ions in the renal medulla. Although the chloride was derived from the
      perfusate, the source of calcium appeared to be localized in the renal sinus
      fatty tissue. A morphologic study of this area reveals the existence of a tissue
      complex, having the characteristics of a hitherto unrecognized organ or gland
      communicating with the renal parenchyma via a portal vascular system. The
      possible physiologic significance of this complex is discussed.

PMID- 957489
TI  - The use of tetrazolium to determine hydronephrotic damage in human kidneys.
AB  - A study detailing an assay for evaluating hydronephrotic damage is presented. We
      used nitroblue tetrazolium, which is reduced by intact renal tissue. When marked
      hydronephrotic damage has occurred little evidence of tetrazolium reducing
      activity is present. The clinical application has been helpful in determining the
      extent of damage and the subsequent need for removal of the kidney in question.
      When the test indicated functioning renal tissue a repair of the obstruction was
      performed with subsequent improvement in function.

PMID- 957490
TI  - Experiences with 16 cases of pararenal pseudocyst.
AB  - Pararenal pseudocysts developed after an operation, after blunt and penetrating
      trauma or after contiguous disease processes in 16 patients. Nephrectomy was
      necessary in 8 cases. Although the duration of the pseudocyst and the extent of
      conduit injury did to an extent determine fate of the kidney, the location of the
      encapsulated extravasate and its propensity for curtailment of urine formation
      appeared to be more significant factors. The cases were reviewed in light of the
      individualization in management required for the complex problems they present.

PMID- 957491
TI  - Sonography of the Page kidney.
AB  - We used sonography to investigate 3 patients with hypertension owing to a Page
      kidney phenomenon. In 2 cases a perinephric cystic collection was compressing the
      kidney, while in 1 case there was a large perinephric organized hematoma. When a
      Page kidney is suspected in a hypertensive patient sonography is a reasonable
      next step in the evaluation, after the excretory urogram, and may obviate the
      need for angiography.

PMID- 957492
TI  - Infusion pyelography in anuric patients.
AB  - The spectrum for the use of retrograde pyelography in renal failure has been
      narrowed further by extending the facility of infusion urography to anuric
      patients. The latter study has helped greatly in sifting apart pre-renal and
      renal anuria patients from those with obstructive uropathy. In obstructive anuria
      infusion urography has proved comprehensive in influencing judgment about the
      exact site and nature of obstruction, in affixing laterality towards the better
      functioning renal unit and in deciding a suitable definitive operation or planned
      staged procedures.

PMID- 957493
TI  - Peripelvic extravasation, urinoma formation and tumor obstruction of the ureter.
AB  - We report 4 cases of peripelvic extravasation caused by tumor obstruction of the
      ureter. A urinoma developed in 3 of the 4 cases. Review of the literature reveals
      only 5 previously reported cases of peripelvic extravasation secondary to tumor
      obstruction of the urinary tract. We discuss the mechanics of peripelvic
      extravasation and urinoma formation, and conclude that tumor obstruction of the
      ureter must be considered in all cases of peripelvic extravasation.

PMID- 957494
TI  - Six years of experience with retrograde biopsy of intraureteral carcinoma using
      the Dormia stone basket.
AB  - To confirm the cause of a small defect of the ureter and to determine
      preoperatively the histological grade of ureteral carcinoma a new technique of
      intraureteral biopsy was attempted with a Dormia stone basket. Of 8 biopsies
      performed on 7 patients with ureteral or pelvioureteral carcinoma only 1 failed
      to produce a fragment of tissue. Histological diagnosis was made in each of the 7
      patients and histological grading in 5. Four patients with non-malignant defects
      of the lower ureter also were biopsied with this technique to ascertain the
      feasibility of this biopsy on minimal filling defects. In each patient a tiny
      piece of tissue was removed. Histological diagnosis could be made in 3 cases.

PMID- 957495
TI  - Long-term results of cutaneous omento-ureterostomy.
AB  - Six of 11 patients have had 2 to 7 1/2 years of followup evaluation after
      cutaneous omento-ureterostomy. Results were excellent in 3 cases and good in 1,
      while ureteral stomal stenosis developed in the 2 patients irradiated for bladder
      cancer. Complete prevention of cutaneous ureterostomy stoma stenosis remains
      unachieved but the use of a plastic meatal dilator seems useful.

PMID- 957496
TI  - Long-term survival from Mullerian duct carcinoma.

PMID- 957497
TI  - External sphincterotomy: its effect on erections.
AB  - External urethral sphincterotomy on 129 paraplegics had little effect on
      erections. In the 101 patients with post-injury erections only 2 had cessation of
      erectile capacity. Subjectively, 16 per cent had partial loss and 13 per cent had
      an increase. The remaining 69 per cent had no change. When the data were
      correlated with level and completeness of injury, age, time since injury, time
      since sphincterotomy, postoperative delayed hemorrhage and effect on leg and
      bladder spasms, no conclusions could be drawn concerning the etiology of altered
      erections.

PMID- 957498
TI  - Correlation between follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone,
      testosterone and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid with sperm cell concentration.
AB  - Plasma follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, urinary 5
      hydroxyindole acetic acid and 17-ketosteroids were measured in patients seen at
      an infertility clinic. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing
      hormone levels, and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels were increased in
      patients with sperm concentrations less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. The results
      suggest that in patients with sperm counts less than 10 times 10(6) per ml. there
      is not only impaired spermatogenesis but also decreased Leydig cell function.
      Urinary 17-ketosteroid levels were not related to sperm cell concentration.

PMID- 957499
TI  - Extratesticular lipoma: report of 2 cases and a new classification.
AB  - We report 2 cases of intrascrotal extratesticular lipoma and propose a new
      classification. If the possible anatomic sites of origin and the histology of
      this neoplasm are considered during dissection the tumor can be excised without
      unnecessary orchiectomy when the blood supply of the testicle can be preserved.

PMID- 957500
TI  - Outpatient needle aspiration biopsy of the prostate.
AB  - The use of aspiration needle biopsy and needle biopsy of the prostate is
      described in 38 cases. Aspiration needle biopsy is a fast, safe and reliable
      procedure that requires no special equipment. It can be used as a preliminary
      office screening procedure in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 957501
TI  - A study of 48 cases of incidental carcinoma of the prostate followed 10 years or
      longer.
AB  - We reviewed 48 cases of incidental carcinoma treated conservatively. Patients
      with poorly differentiated, multiple foci or with well differentiated, multiple
      foci had a poor prognosis, whereas those with well differentiated, few foci (1 to
      3) had a good prognosis. We believe that patients with multiple foci (poorly or
      well differentiated) should be treated aggressively, either by radical
      prostatectomy or radiotherapy. However, we recommend conservative treatment for
      patients with well differentiated, few foci.

PMID- 957502
TI  - Factors influencing sexual activity after prostatectomy: a prospective study.
AB  - Between 16 and 30 per cent of all prostatectomy patients become impotent after an
      operation for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Since the surgical technique does not
      seem to be the factor responsible for such a serious problem, more accentuated by
      the fact that this operation is becoming increasingly frequent with the increase
      in life expectancy, an assessment of 15 patients before and after prostatectomy
      is presented. With a statistical analysis of a structured interview (including a
      mini-Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory test before and after the
      operation) 3 main differentiating factors emerged between the potent and the
      impotent group: 1) the level of anxiety exhibited by the patient, 2) whether the
      patients received an explanation about the surgery and its outcome prior to the
      operation and 3) the patient's general satisfaction with life.

PMID- 957503
TI  - Contribution to therapeutic decisions of ratios, absolute values and other
      measures of calcium, magnesium, urate or oxalate balance in stone formers.
AB  - Investigation of multiple serum and urinary factors in 44 patients with calcium
      urinary stone disease confirmed a number of defects that have been described
      previously: elevation of mean serum calcium and uric acid above normal, and
      depression of mean serum magnesium. Urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid
      was increased and was increased and was probably related to food ingestion.
      Urinary magnesium also increased after eating but less than calcium, with the
      result that for most patients the magnesium to calcium x 100 ratio approached
      levels observed in stone formation. Urinary oxalate excretion was constant during
      the entire observation period and apparently was not affected by ingestion of a
      defined diet. Nine additional patients had persistent hypercalcemia owing to
      hyperparathyroidism (5 confirmed, 1 suspected), malignancy (2) and drug ingestion
      (1). Metabolic evaluation of patients with calcium urinary calculi continues to
      contribute to decisions regarding their best therapeutic regimen.

PMID- 957504
TI  - Image intensification fluoroscopy.

PMID- 957505
TI  - Pentolinium in the management of autonomic hyperreflexia.
AB  - Patients with high spinal cord injuries frequently will develop a syndrome of
      autonomic hyperreflexia when stimulated by urological instrumentation. Severe
      sustained hypertension is the most hazardous component encountered during this
      reaction. Herein we report a series of patients exhibiting this condition who
      were managed safely and successfully by the use of the ganglionic blocking agent,
      pentolinium.

PMID- 957506
TI  - Hypoplasia of the major renal conduits.
AB  - An unusual case of a patient surviving a bilateral congenital anomaly of the
      major renal conduits is presented. Anatomical features of this case, considered
      with present embryological ideas in mind, support the concept of a continuum of
      disorders of the major renal conduits. The literature is reviewed and interesting
      microsurgical techniques with hypothermia enabling reconstruction of the
      collecting systems and renal preservation are discussed.

PMID- 957507
TI  - The surgical repair of membranous urethral strictures in children.

PMID- 957508
TI  - Use of the Leadbetter anti-incontinence procedure in children.

PMID- 957509
TI  - Simultaneous adrenal and multiple bilateral renal cysts.
AB  - Benign cysts of the adrenal gland are rare. This is the first reported case of
      the simultaneous occurrence of an asymptomatic right adrenal cyst and bilateral
      multiple renal cysts. Excretory urograms with tomograms, renal aortography and
      ultrasound scanning were used to establish a non-invasive definitive diagnosis.
      There was no need for an operation since the lesions were benign.

PMID- 957510
TI  - A renal cause for massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage--renal angiomyolipoma.
AB  - In any case of intra-abdominal trauma or hemorrhage a preoperative IVP is
      essential to determine the renal status. Preoperative catheter occlusion of the
      renal artery in these vascular tumors may be attempted to decrease blood loss.
      Stigmas of tuberous sclerosis should be sought in patients with vascular renal
      tumors, especially if they are bilateral. Conservation of renal tissue in
      tuberous sclerotic patients harboring renal angiomyolipomas is important.

PMID- 957511
TI  - Radical nephrectomy, bench surgery and autotransplantation in the potentially
      malignant renal mass.

PMID- 957512
TI  - An unusual case of crossed ureteral ectopia.

PMID- 957513
TI  - Testicular seminoma: a case report of 2 brothers with seminoma and a review of
      the literature of testicular malignancies occurring in closely related family
      members.

PMID- 957514
TI  - Klebsiella densities in waters receiving wood pulp effluents.

PMID- 957515
TI  - [A case of psittacosis treated with rifampicin (author's transl)].
AB  - A 45-year-old male who had looked over pet-birds at a bird shop 11 days before,
      developed a high fever with chills. Without any response to cephalexin, he was
      admitted to the hospital, with the chief complaints of high fever and sever
      headache on the 8th day of illness. The chest X-ray films taken then revealed a
      fun-shaped ground glass-like shadow extending over S10 of the right lung. After
      the oral administration of 450 mg rifampicin on the 9th day of illness, he became
      a febrile within one day and was cured with the same daily doses for the
      following 10 days. Chlamydia was isolated from the peritoneal exudate of the mice
      inoculated with throat mucus of the patient taken prior to the administration of
      rifampicin. Complement fixation reaction for psittacosis was positive in a titer
      of 1 : 16 on the 11th day of illness and rose to 1 : 64 in a week.

PMID- 957516
TI  - [Toxicological studies on cefatrizine (S 640 P). 1. Acute toxicity, subacute
      toxicity in rats(author's transl)].

PMID- 957517
TI  - [Toxicological studies on cefatrizine (S-640 P). 2. Subacute toxicity in rats
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 957518
TI  - [Toxicological studies on cefatrizine (S-640 P). 3. Chronic toxicity in
      rats(author's transl)].

PMID- 957519
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of doxycycline (bonnamycin) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 957520
TI  - [Studies on absorption and excretion of cyclacillin granules (vastcillin granules
      'Takeda') (author's transl)].
AB  - Vastcillin granules 'Takeda', a cyclacillin (AC-PC) preparation for children were
      orally administered to nine children at a single dose of 10 mg/kg and its blood
      concentrations and urinary excretion were studied. From the results obtained, the
      following conclusions were obtained as to clinical dose and indications. (1)
      Absorption of AC-PC of Vastcillin granules is excellent . At 15 minutes after
      administration, 9.3 mcg/ml of AC-PC blood level was attained and its peak
      appeared 30 minutes after administration. The mean peak level was 17.6 mcg/ml.

PMID- 957521
TI  - [Studies on the disc method for the determination of bacterial sensitivity to
      ribostamycin (author's transl)].
AB  - The MICs of ribostamycin (RSM) were determined by the two-fold serial agar
      dilution method of 109 bacterial strains of 20 species. The diameters of
      inhibition zones of these bacterial strains by the 50 mug RSM disc were also
      measured. The relation between the MIC and the diameter of the inhibition zone
      was found to be expressed as a primary regression line in all cases of the
      conventional method (cultured for about 16 hours), delayed assay method (cultured
      for about 24 hours) and rapid methods (5 approximately 6 hours and 3
      approximately 4 hours culture methods). Thus, it was confirmed that the single
      disc method can be employed for the susceptibility test of RSM. Subsequently,
      variations of MICs obtained by the disc-diffusion method were compared with those
      obtained by the serial agar-dilution method.

PMID- 957522
TI  - [Clinical results with amikacin (BB-K8) in respiratory infections (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 957523
TI  - [On the toxicity of cephaloridine. Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 957524
TI  - Detection of DNA polymerase activity in Chlamydia psittaci.
AB  - DNA polymerase activities of intact and disrupted suspensions of the mature
      infectious, extracellular elementary bodies of the meningopneumonitis strain of
      Chlamydia psittaci were studied. Intact elementary bodies failed to incorporate
      labeled thymidine triphosphate (TTP), but homogenates of the organisms did
      incorporate TTP into the acid insoluble fraction; the reaction continued at a
      linear rate for 60 min and the newly synthesized DNA hybridized exclusively with
      DNA derived from C. psittaci elementary bodies. Synthesized DNA sedimented in 2
      fractions in alkaline sucrose gradients, one in the 50S region and the other in
      the 10S region, corresponding to molecular weights of 2 X 10(7) and 5 X 10(5)
      daltons, respectively.

PMID- 957525
TI  - Letter: Isolation of C3b receptors from human erythrocytes.

PMID- 957526
TI  - Leptospira canicola isolated from Apodemus speciosus speciosus in Kyushu.

PMID- 957527
TI  - Identification of Leptospira pyrogenes isolated from a swine in the Philippines
      in 1967.

PMID- 957528
TI  - The endogenous secretin in chicken: minor physiological role in exocrine
      pancreatic secretion.
AB  - The action of secretin (SN) on the exocrine pancreas in the chicken was studied
      in comparison with the rat and dog. Hydrochloric acid (0.1 N), pepton (5%) and
      olive oil were introduced into the small intestine of conscious chickens with
      chronic pancreatic fistula and caused the volume and protein output to increase
      slightly in about two-thirds of the chickens tested. The percent increase of the
      volume output in anesthetized chickens by HCl instillation was only one-tenth of
      that in the rat. Acid extracts of the intestinal mucosa (80 mg) from chickens
      when given intravenously to rats caused the volume of secretion from the rat
      pancreas to increase about twofold, whereas the extracts from the dogs' and rats'
      intestine increased the volume output 5.9 and 5.5 times respectively. The
      increase of pancreatic secretion in chickens by intravenous injection of
      commercial SN was about one-third of that in the rat. The present studies
      indicate that SN or a SN-like hormone may be present in the chicken, but it plays
      only a minor physiological role.

PMID- 957529
TI  - Effect of dantrolene sodium on excitation-contraction coupling of frog toe
      muscle.
AB  - Dantrolene sodium (1.0 to 10.0 mug/ml) inhibited twitch tension, tetanus tension,
      and contracture induced by potassium and low concentration of caffeine in the
      frog toe muscles. The drug also inhibited rapid cooling contracture (RCC), i.e.,
      contracture caused by rapidly cooling the muscle from room temperature to 0
      degrees C after immersing it in Ringer's solution containing a subthreshold
      concentration of caffein. The drug also suppressed RCC in depolarized muscle
      fibres which were treated with high concentration of potassium. Comparing the
      effect of the drug on twitches augmented with nitrate and with caffeine, the
      former was more markedly inhibited than the latter. On the basis of these
      results, the possibility that the drug acts mainly by inhibiting the movement of
      "trigger calcium" which in turn releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
      is discussed.

PMID- 957530
TI  - Interpretation of disaccharide-dependent electrical potential differences in the
      small intestine.
AB  - The nature of maltose- and trehalose-induced electrical potential increments
      across everted small intestines of toads were investigated. A Michaelis-Menten
      like relation was seen between the amplitude of PD increments (deltaPD) and the
      mucosal concentration of disaccharides over a wide range of concentration, but,
      at a higher concentration range, Lineweaver-Burk type plot of data always
      deviated from the linear line for the low and moderate concentration range. The
      extrapolation of the linear segment of the plots intercepted the ordinate at the
      same point as that of the line for the glucose-induced potential increments. Both
      the disaccharide- and the glucose-evoked potentials were not additive and were
      equally sensitive to phlorizin. Tris depressed the disaccharide-evoked potentials
      to about the same extent as that of inhibition of enzyme activities. The
      amplitude and time course of the disaccharide-induced potentials, however, could
      not be accounted for by the mucosal concentration of liberated glucose. These
      qualitative and quantitative characteristics were explained properly on the basis
      of a simple well-type local pool for liberated glucose assumed to exist at the
      brush border. In conclusion, a close functional linkage between brush border
      membrane disaccharidase activities and the electrogenic hexose transport is well
      reflected in the disaccharide-evoked potentials in the small intestine.

PMID- 957531
TI  - A mechanochemical model for the steady and transient contractions of the skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - A mechanochemical model for muscle contraction was presented which consisted of
      three subsystems: the regulatory mechanism of contraction by Ca ion, the cross
      bridge cycle coupled with actin-myosin interaction and the dynamics of
      contraction with an external load. It was assumed that both the rate constant of
      the cross-bridge cycle and the net force of the cross-bridge were linear
      functions of the sliding velocity. Most parameters in the model were determined
      from the experimental data, but several were estimated by simulation techniques.
      The model adequately described the force-load-velocity relation, the rates of
      energy and heat output as well as some basic mechanical properties of muscle. Not
      only the steady-state contraction but also the twitch response could be explained
      by the model. Time courses of tension and shortening during isometric and
      isotonic twitches were calculated by the model on a digital computer. The
      calculated curves agreed satisfactorily with the experimental ones obtained from
      the frog semitendinosus muscle. The rate of tension rise of the isometric twitch
      was shown to attain the peak at nearly the same time as does the calculated Ca
      concentration curve.

PMID- 957532
TI  - Effects of calcium ion on the rising phase of the action potential in rabbit
      sinoatrial node cells.
AB  - To clarify the role of Ca ion in the rising phase of the sinoatrial (S-A) node
      action potential, the sigmoidal relationship between the maximum rate of rise of
      the action potential and the maximum diastolic potential was examined at various
      concentrations of Ca. The membrane potential was changed by applying a current
      across a single sucrose gap. The sigmoidal curve shifted toward the positive
      potential without a change in maximum value when the Ca concentration was
      increased from nominal "zero" to 10 mM. Therefore, it is concluded that Ca ion
      modifies the inactivation process of Na current which is responsible for the
      rapid rising phase of the S-A node action potential. The duration of the action
      potential and the maximum diastolic potential were decreased with an increase in
      Ca concentration. The observation that the overshoot of the action potential
      increased by 12 mV for a tenfold increase in concentration of Ca (within the
      range of 0.1-5.0 mM) suggests that the inward current of Ca ion may be
      responsible for the overshoot of the S-A node action potential.

PMID- 957533
TI  - Rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer.
AB  - During the course of a collaborative study initiated in investigate the
      relationship of breast cancer and the use of hormones, it was possible to study
      the possible relationship of rauwolfia derivatives, mainly reserpine, to breast
      cancer. Interviews were administered to breast cancer patients admitted to five
      hospitals in the Baltimore metropolitan area. The study of reserpine use was
      conducted for a period of approximately one and a half years and information on
      reserpine use was obtained on 164 breast cancer cases. Each case was matched with
      a control with respect to age, color, hospital of admission, and admission date.
      An additional set of controls was drawn from women residing in the same
      neighborhood as the cases. Neither reserpine, methyldopa, nor thiazides were
      found to be significantly associated with breast cancer. The exclusion from the
      analysis of hospital controls with a diagnosis of hypertensive disease and their
      matched cases did not significantly alter the results. Those cases who used
      reserpine, used more for longer periods of time than did the controls, however
      this was judged inconclusive due to a considerable amount of missing data. After
      comparison of these results with previously reported studies, it did not appear
      that reserpine was strongly associated with breast cancer. However, because of
      methodological problems and differences between the studies, a possible small
      overall relationship could not be definitely excluded.

PMID- 957534
TI  - [Adenoma of the ciliary epithelium of unusual structure and localisation (authors
      transl)].
AB  - The authors describe an adenoma of the ciliary epithelium of low degree of
      malignacy. The tumor is clinically and histologically remarkable because of its
      uncommom site behind the iris and the abundance of mucoid stroma. The clinical
      data, the course as well as the histological findings are described and compared
      with the rare similar cases in the literature. Electron microscopic data of this
      kind of tumor are reported for the first time. The tumor are characterised by
      basal membranes, microvilli, desmosomes, occasional melanin granules, a well
      differentiated RER and specially by the massive content of intracytoplasmatic
      filaments.

PMID- 957535
TI  - [Colloid bodies. A cause of vascular complications (author's transl)].
AB  - Optic disc colloid bodies are more common than previously supposed. They were
      noted to occur in 2.04% of unselected globes obtained at autopsy. Hemorrhages of
      the disc and juxtapapillary fundus are not infrequently found in association with
      disc colloid bodies. Superficial hemorrhages may be due to erosion of existing
      disc blood vessels by enlarging colloid bodies, on the other hand, juxtapapillary
      hemorrhages may occur from neovascularization induced by the colloid bodies.
      Ultrasound examination may be useful as an aid in diagnosing disc colloid bodies.

PMID- 957536
TI  - [The clinical misdiagnosis of chalazion (author's transl)].
AB  - Between 1966 and 1974, 1260 lidtumours were sent to the histological laboratory
      of the University Eye Hospital Hamburg. The clinical diagnosis "chalazion" in 138
      cases could not be verified histologically in 33 cases. Other benign lesions were
      diagnosed 23 times and malignant lesions in 10 cases (4 times a Meibom's
      sebaceous cell carcinoma). The symptoms of all 7 Meibom's sebaceous cell
      carcinomatas diagnosed histologically during this time (the most common
      metastasizing lid-tumor in this series) were also analysed as they present the
      gravest diagnostic error for chalazia. Histologic examination of excised
      "chalazion"-material must be considered mandatory in all patients with a typical
      symptomatology, recurrence at the same site, high age, unilateral therapy
      resistant keratoconjunctivities and involved regional lymphnodes.

PMID- 957537
TI  - [Diabetic retinopathy, problems of documentation and evaluation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Follow-up studies of diabetic retinopathy cause difficulties through the altering
      numbers and figures of the retinal changes. If the various pictures of
      retinopathy are changed furthermore by coagulation, we have to distinguish,
      between spontaneous improvements or deteriorations and changes which are due to
      therapy. Follow-up studies with various evaluation methods have shown that the
      chosen criteria do not lead to corresponding judgements. The visual acuity seems
      to be the only criteria with decisive and relatively objective statements.

PMID- 957538
TI  - [The retinopathy of the childhood diabetic (author's transl)].
AB  - From investigations of 141 patients, diabetic since childhood, diabetic
      retinopathy (angiopathy), shows strikingly contrasting forms of progress: (a)
      thoroughly benign (retinopathia simplex; partly regressive); (b) malign
      (retinopathia proliferans and glomerulosclerosis). The tendency to progression of
      diabetic retino- and angiopathy appears to be hereditarily determined and is
      modified, later, only to a certain extent by environmental factors.

PMID- 957539
TI  - [Bilateral marked fundus changes with neovascularisation and subsequent
      detachment in association with thrombocythaemia (author's transl)].
AB  - Following radical hysterectomy a 65-year old patient developed massive preretinal
      vascular proliferation, similar in appearance to advanced proliferative diabetic
      retinopathy, which led to a traction detachment. Diabetes mellitus could not be
      established, and a thrombocyte count up to one million is discussed as a possible
      cause.

PMID- 957540
TI  - [Secondary disciform macular degeneration (author's transl)].
AB  - The disciform macular degeneration is in rare cases preceded by well-known
      diseases which have in common the destruction of the Bruch's membrane, recurrent
      haemorrhages with exudation from the choriocapillaris and later on ingrown of
      fibrovascular tissue into the subretinal space. The authors report on cases with
      chorioidal ruptures, vascularlike stripes and focal chorioiditis.

PMID- 957541
TI  - [Feeling of sand in the eyes and hormonal contraceptives (authors transl)].
AB  - By questionnaire forms the relation between the admission of taking antibaby
      pills and the subjective feeling of having sand in the eyes was checked. Out of
      2201 patients from our group, aged between 9 and 84 years, 372 (16.9%) took
      hormonal contraceptives, 1812 (82.3%) denied the taking of contraceptives and 17
      (0.8%) could not say. From the 372 patients who took hormonal contraceptives 37
      (10%) complained of having the feeling of sand in the eyes, the other 335 (90%)
      denied having a feeling of sand in the eyes. The frequency of a subjective
      feeling of sand in the eyes was in the individual age groups independent of the
      subjective statement, of "take hormonal contraceptives" (chi2-test; P greater
      than 10%).

PMID- 957542
TI  - [Contusion and luxation of the eyeball with rupture of the optic fascicle in
      fronto-basal trauma (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is given of the pathological changes in two eyes which were enucleated
      because of anterior luxation with rupture of the orbital optic nerve two hours
      after a traffic accident with frontal head injury. In the first case there was
      rupture of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal, the ciliary body and
      epithelium of the pars plana, a giant retinal tear at the ora serrata and a
      retinal avulsion at the optic disc, a partial rupture of the peripheral and a
      complete one of the central lamina cribrosa with a longitudinal tear in the optic
      nerve which lead to a complete rupture of the orbital optic nerve together with
      its sheats 22 mm behind the globe. The lesions produced arised probably from a
      slightly oblique course of the frontal trauma with a suggested additional
      rotating force followed by a sudden anterior movement of the eye with subsequent
      luxation. In the second case there was a giant tear at the ora serrata and at the
      pars plana with dislocation of unpigmented epithelium of the pars plana over the
      ciliary body, a rupture of the optic fascicle behind the lamina cribrosa, and a
      rupture of the optic dura mater 16.5 mm behind the globe.

PMID- 957543
TI  - [The use of A-scan echography in the clinical diagnoses of persistent
      hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].
AB  - In 15 eyes with PHPV (3 suspected cases) patterns of rudimentary hyaloid vessels
      were found by A-scan echography in 9 cases all under 7 years of age; although
      these vessels were seen ophthalmoscopically in only 1 case. This ultrasonographic
      finding appears to add an important contribution to the clinical diagnosis of
      PHPV, when the monolateral cataract is so dense as to observe other signs
      (elongated ciliary processes, retrolental fibrovascular tissue). It could also be
      demonstrated that the axial diameter of the lens remains smaller than that of the
      partner eye even when the cataract is intumescent with fattening of the anterior
      chamber. Contrary to our expectations, the axial length of the bulbus was
      increased in one third of the cases; while a relative microcornea was absent only
      in 2 eyes!

PMID- 957544
TI  - [Changes in the ocular muscles in progressive scleroderma (author's transl)].
AB  - One patient out of 13 with generalized scleroderma displayed related changes of
      ocular motility. Histologic examination of the external ocular muscles of one of
      our patients who had died, revealed a massive increase of the interstitial
      collagen, and various stages of muscular degeneration. These changes correspond
      closely with the histopathological findings in the myocardium.

PMID- 957545
TI  - [Experiments on the toxicity of intra-ocular administered Gentamycin (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The compatibility with Gentamycin solution used for irrigation of the anterior
      chamber of the eye was studied in experiments performed on rabbits. The degree of
      damage was measured by counting the number of the undestroyed cells of the
      corneal endothelium after perfusion. We compared the number of undestroyed cells
      after perfusion with 0.25% Gentamycin solution, 0.50% Gentamycin solution and
      Ringer solution. The result of these experiments showed a clear reduction of the
      endothelial cells using a 0.50% solution of Gentamycin. On the other hand there
      was not found any considerable difference between the number of cells using a
      0.25% solution of Gentamycin or using Ringer solution. Using both solutions there
      was only a very slight degree of damage to be observed.

PMID- 957546
TI  - [Senile retinoschisis and cryocoagulation (author's transl)].
AB  - This is a report of experiences with the cryotherapy of senile retinoschisis. In
      spite of the prophylaxis retinal detachment occurred in 2 out of 30 eyes. The
      critical question, whether the prophylactic treatment is worthwhile or not, can
      be positively answered, when compared to the results of non treated retinoschisis
      (Shea et al., Okun and Cibis). A macular puckering was not seen.

PMID- 957547
TI  - [Iridoschisis (author's transl)].
AB  - The alterations characteristic for Iridoschisis (type I and II) are discussed in
      the light of our own observations. Iridoschisis must be differentiated from the
      essential progressive iris atrophy, from the dysgenesis mesodermalis corneae et
      iridis (Rieger), the Chandler syndrome and from the genuine polycoria. Because of
      the genetic inter-relationships between Iridoschisis, essential promalis corneae
      and iridis, a predisposition for the occurrence of these alterations has to be
      taken into account.

PMID- 957548
TI  - [Clinical contribution to Jaffe's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - The vitreo-retinal traction syndrome, described by Jaffe in 1967 represents a
      rare complication of idiopathic posterior vitreal detachment. In this vitreo
      retinal disease process, which is ophthalmoscopically so characteristic and in
      the early phase so surprisingly symptom-free, and which only occurs in this form
      and to this extent following spontaneous intravitreal fibroplasia, we can discern
      3 distinct stages, although transitional phases also occur. Vitreal and retinal
      changes occur which are developed to a varying extent in the 3 stages. Reported
      are 2 cases which were followed clinically through all 3 stages.

PMID- 957549
TI  - [A simple method to check alternating fixation in penalisation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In addition to his glasses worn for penalisation, the patient receives spectacles
      with a red and green glass. Asked to fix the lamp of the examinator, the patient
      sees the light either red or green, according to which eye is fixing on the
      light.

PMID- 957550
TI  - [The bilateral paralysis of the abducens nerve. A contribution to industrial
      medical judgement (author's transl)].
AB  - After a brief statistical survey the anotomic basis is explained in a broad
      outline. In the description of a case with bilateral paralysis of the abducens
      nerve, the suffering of the patient in his working life is examined and the
      phenomenon of inacurrate depth projection, of "pointing past", is discussed. As a
      result the suitability for employment is more highly reduced for those suffering
      from bilateral paralysis of the abducens nerve, as compared to persons with one
      eye. During the report a 16 mm Color film was shown, showing the patient before
      and after the O'Connor operation. The possibility of keeping a progress or
      control report, of patients suffering from inacurrate depth perception, was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 957551
TI  - [Spastic entropion of the upperlid. A case observed in practice (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A 53-years-old patient was observed because of spastic entropion. This was
      incontestably a nonscarring rolling-inwards of the upper lid.

PMID- 957552
TI  - [Testing of macular function (author's transl)].
AB  - The readaptation time was used to test the function of the macula. After
      illumination of the macula with an ophthalmoscope the time was measured until the
      initial visual acuity was reached. Our findings are that the readaptation time of
      patients with degenerative lesions of the macula is significantly prolonged in
      comparison with normal controls. Furthermore the readaptation time in cases of
      exsudative-proliferative processes was longer than in cases of dry lesions of the
      macula. In clinical practice this method gives a good estimate of the functional
      state of the macula.

PMID- 957553
TI  - [Intraocular pressure in snorkling and diving (author's transl)].
AB  - The reactions of the intraocular pressure (i.o.p) in snorkling and scuba diving
      were studies on 29 healthy subjects. A patient with chronic glaucoma simplex was
      examined in a pressure tank. The results confirm the author's opinion, that a
      well compensated chronic glaucoma simplex with intact discs and fields does not
      exclude fitness to dive. However, a diver with narrow angel glaucoma risks sudden
      rise in i.o.p. and acute glaucoma while ascending to the surface. Persons, who
      are examined for fitness to dive, should be seen by an ophthalmologist, if they
      have a glaucoma or if they are hypermetropic and over 40 years of age.

PMID- 957554
TI  - [Two cases of external ophthalmomyasis (author's transl)].
AB  - After a brief survey of Hungarian references the author reports on two cases of
      ophthalmomyasis externa. The organism was shown to be present oestrus ovis in one
      instance. The treatment with carbon-tetrachloride might be considered as a new
      and efficacious therapy.

PMID- 957555
TI  - [A further modification of the Flieringa-ring (author's transl)].
AB  - A modified Flieringa-ring is demonstrated for the performance of a combined
      cataract-glaucoma surgery, by using a corneal incision and the Fronimopoulos
      modification of the Elliot trepanation.

PMID- 957556
TI  - [Angled micro-scissors for after-cataract surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is given on new micro-scissors for after-cataract operations. Its shape
      permits a perfect direction of incision in the pupillary region not only form a
      temporally placed corneal incision but also from all other meridians without its
      handling being impeded by the orbital border or th nose of the patient.
      Especially in certain injury sequels and other postoperative conditions the
      scissors extend the operative possibilities.

PMID- 957557
TI  - [Report on the new Orbis-unit (author's transl)].

PMID- 957558
TI  - [Reading aids for blind persons. Technical possibilities, practice up to now, and
      future development (author's transl)].
AB  - This report deals with electronic reading aids enabling patients with a visual
      acuity of less than 1/50 to read black-and-white-printed matter. A survey on
      experience with the Optacon from 1971 on is furnished and the chances of
      vocational training and the use of supplementary aids. The very handy Optacon
      (weight: 2 kg) consists of a miniature opto-electronic camera, and a tactile
      stimulator area consisting of 144 tiny metal rods. The development of another
      very useful instrument in the hands of the blind looks toward completion: The
      Braille-Converter. Its functions in short: A TV camera with an intermediate
      computer which transfers optical information into braille or spoken language.

PMID- 957559
TI  - [Etiology and final clinical cause for 1000 enucleations. (A clinico-pathologic
      study) (author's transl)].
AB  - From 1969-1974 1000 unselected enucleated globes have been examined
      histopathologically. 277 derive from the University Eye Hospital in Hamburg, 723
      from various Eye Hospitals in northern and southern Germany. They originate from
      589 men and 408 women, three times the sex was unknown. 86 globes had to be
      removed from children less than 15 years old. 6 groups of etiologies have been
      distinguished: trauma (308), histologically confirmed neoplastic disease (281),
      ocular manifestations of systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, occlusions of
      central retinal vessels presumably following generalized vascular disease etc.:
      128), "operative ocular disease" (164), primary inflammatory disease (71),
      miscellaneous (malformations, high myopia, pseudo-glioma and pseudo-melanoma:
      48). The etiology "operative ocular disease" consists of 67 primary glaucomas (57
      adults, 10 buphthalmus), 41 idiopathic cataracts (7 of these congenital) and 3
      primary corneal dystrophies, as well as 53 cases of primary retinal detachment.
      Among the 281 neoplastic diseases, there are 238 primary intraocular malignant
      melanomas of the uvea, 18 retinoblastomas, 4 primary reticulumcellsarcomas of the
      retina, 2 choroidal nevi, 10 intraocular metastases and 9 orbital tumors. 16
      enucleations among the 1000 enucleations have been performed for pseudo-gliomas
      (5 x Coats disease, 5 x persistent primary hyperplastic vitreous, 2 x retrolental
      fibroplasia, others 4 x). The manifestations of systemic disease are consisting
      of 68 central retinal vein-occlusions, 30 complications of diabetes mellitus and
      10 central retinal artery occlusions as well as 20 other generalized diseases. A
      primary inflammatory disease led to enucleation 50 times due to an intraocular
      process, 5 times due to scleritis and 18 times as a consequence of keratitis
      (including 13 times herpes simplex). As the final clinical cause for enucleation
      the following categories have been elaborated: secondary glaucomas (416),
      clinical diagnosis of "tumor" (275), atrophy and phthisis bulbi (118),
      inflammation (112), acute trauma to 4 weeks after the accident (72), others (7).
      In conclusion the central role of rubeosis iridis leading to secondary angle
      closure glaucoma is emphasized. This process presents a challenge to
      ophthalmologic research. Finally the significance of early surgery for primary
      angle closure glaucomas and for complete restoration of the anterior chamber
      after trauma and any intraocular procedure is stressed.

PMID- 957560
TI  - [Auto-allo-keratoplasty (with special reference to chondrokeratoprosthesis
      procedure) (author's transl)].
AB  - Biological, rather then purely technical approach seems to be very essential to
      ensure better results in alloplasty of the cornea. The diseased corneal tissue
      (especially, after corneal burns) usually fails to accept a keratoprosthesis
      permanently. The cornea must, therefore, be biologically reconstructed by
      transplantation of autogenous tissue. Autogenous fascia lata, periosteum, sclera
      and auricular cartilage have been tried in the present work to surve the purpose.
      Autogenous sclera and cartilage proved to be best materials, the latter having an
      important advantage of being easily obtainable. Experimental studies (including
      hystological control) proved the method of "Chondrokeratoplasty" to be well
      founded. During the past four years the method has been used on the eyes of 18
      patients with most severe corneal lesions unmanageable by the usual graft
      technique. The Keratoprosthesis must be buried under the cartilage disk until the
      adequate nutrition is developed and full vitality of the graft is achieved. Only
      then the cartilage disk is trephined in its centre and the optical part of the
      keratoprosthesis is exposed. Technically, the procedure is much simpler as
      compared to the procedure of odonto-keratoprosthesis by strampelly. The results
      seem to be highly encouraging. So far there was no extrusion after
      chondrokeratoprosthesis procedure.

PMID- 957561
TI  - [Facts for the muscle-reflex-hypothesis of squint. (The importance of asymmetry
      in the structure of the eyes for the pathogenesis of concomitant squint)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Concomitant squint is regarded as result of a congenital dissymmetry in the
      structure of the eyes or of the oculomotor apparatus and of an insufficiency of
      the optomotor reflexes. Squint develops, when 1. the anomalies of the structure
      of the eye-muscles or of their insertions are so considerable that binocular
      vision cannot be maintained by fusional and convergence-reflexes; 2. the
      optomotor reflexes are too weak in order to compensate functionally even
      insignificant structural deviations of the extraocular muscles or 3. the
      optomotor reflex-mechanisms are disturbed to such a degree that binocular
      cooperation becomes impossible although the anatomical conditions are normal.
      Children with the symptoms of "potential squint" (ametropia, heterophoria, pseudo
      ectopia of the macula) need special ophthalmological care. Using prisms early and
      operating in time one can stop the monocular vision becoming established.

PMID- 957562
TI  - [Pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)].
AB  - The initial disorder leading to any kind of diabetic retinopathy is hypoxia.
      After exhaustion of the compensatory autoregulation (vasodilatation and increase
      of the volume flow), the blood-retina barrier breaks down, and parts of the
      central retinal capillary network fall out (pre-retinopathy). In the non
      proliferative and pre-proliferative stage, either disturbance of permeability or
      occlusion of capillaries is the prevailing process. The stage and predominance of
      one of the two pathogenic factors, which eventually may be jointed by vascular
      proliferation, are decisive for the application of light coagulation. The plan of
      the procedure must be based upon fluorescence angiography. If all progressive
      changes are treated, and fluorescence angiographic controls are made in intervals
      of several weeks or months, according to the stage and form (primary exsudative
      or primary occlusive) of the retinopathy, this procedure is preferable to the
      coagulation of big retinal areas (retinal ablation), and a maximum of retina with
      normal vascularisation can be saved. Medical treatment comprising calcium
      phosphate, the vasoprotecting Doxium, and clofibrate as a depressor of the lipid
      level in the blood, play a secondary role. Finally, hypophysectomy could not
      maintain its place in modern treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 957563
TI  - [Congenital grouped pigmentation of the retina (author's transl)].
AB  - In this disease entity we usually encounter black, sharply demarcated pigmented
      patches, occurring in groups and increasing in size toward the periphery. In the
      majority of cases the anomaly is unilateral (84%). The pigmentation may be found
      in one single sector (59%), in several separate sectors (27%) or distributed over
      the entire fundus (11%). Histology reveals pigment epithelial cells with
      hypertrophy and distinct irregularity in size and shape being arranged in one or
      two layers. Hyperpigmentation also exists with pigment granules of various size
      and distribution.

PMID- 957564
TI  - [A comport instrument for infrared examination of the eye (author's transl)].
AB  - A description is given of a comport infrared viewer recommended for clinical use
      in Ophthalmology. With this infrared viewer, an infrared slit lamp for advanced
      infrared diagnosis was developed.

PMID- 957565
TI  - [Application of infrared radiometry on the eye (author's transl)].
AB  - The non-contact determination of temperature by infrared radiometry allows the
      focal measuring of the surface temperature of the radiation source. In 119
      patients the surface temperature in the middle of the cornea was measured by this
      method. The average temperatures were 33.50 degrees C (+/-0.91) in men and 33.74
      degrees C (+/-0.91) in women. Further clinical testing is suggested first in
      diseases of the oculo-orbital region and secondly by means of a connected
      recorder to study the dynamic temperature reaction under the influence of
      different parameters.

PMID- 957566
TI  - [Contribution to the problem of optic nerve excavation (author's transl)].
AB  - To study opinions on the formation of optic nerve head excavation we had the
      opportunity of examining microscopic sections of the papilla of a 10-month-old
      baby who showed bilateral considerable border excavation without the presence of
      hydrophthalmus or increased intraocular pressure. The thickened lamina cribrosa
      showed centrally no perforations so that the nerve fibres had to avoid the
      unperforated parts of the lamina. According to the size and position of such
      unperforated laminar areas, types of excavation with various defects on the optic
      nerve head resulted. By coincidence of both components in the optic nerve stem
      (increased connective tissue growth, and formation of a small vascular bundle),
      considerable collections of mesenchyme could occur which then resulted in a
      spreading apart of the optic nerve fibres. As long as neuroglia formation has not
      filled the gaps in the nervous tissue originally, a secondary growth of glial
      tissue can follow an original connective tissue-caused defect formation. Hence
      the deposits of glia in the excavated optic nerve head would be not the cause,
      but rather the effect of defect formation.

PMID- 957567
TI  - [A rat holder for experimental fundus and anterior segment photography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - We conceived and manufactured a holder for rats. It is a useful little apparatus
      for some experiments on rats as well as for its fundus photography, angiographies
      included. The utility of our device is discussed and illustrated.

PMID- 957568
TI  - [Mycosis fungoides affecting the eye and internal organs (author's transl)].
AB  - In two patients with mycosis fungoides the following were found in the region of
      the eye: Infiltration of the eyelid (sometimes board-like), infiltrations and
      swellings of the connective tissue, orbital infiltrations (hard as a board) with
      secondary glaucoma, atrophy of the optic nerve, amaurosis, Descemet spots, cells
      in the aqueous humour, preretinal opacities of the vitreous body),
      intussusception of retinal vessels, grey infiltration of the retina.

PMID- 957569
TI  - [Therapy of recurring herpetic corneal lesions with Vidarabin (author's transl)].
AB  - Vidarabin (Dr. Thilo) is an effective virostatic agent in recurring herpetic
      corneal lesions.

PMID- 957570
TI  - [Malignancies in relatives of retinoblastoma patients (author's transl)].
AB  - In 14 out of 25 patients with retinoblastoma there was a family history of
      malignancies. Most of the malignant tumours had been carcinomas. In 2 families
      relatives died because of leukaemia; in these cases the tumour was a so-called
      diffuse retinoblastoma occurring in elder children. A third family with a
      retinoblastoma in one child and leukaemia in another is mentioned. This unusual
      coincidence of two tumourous conditions of which one might be of viral origin led
      to detailed electron microscopic examination of the retinoblastoma in one case;
      but there were no signs of reduplicating viruses.

PMID- 957571
TI  - [Corneal dermoid cysts with other abnormalities (author's transl)].
AB  - Out of 22 patients with corneal dermoids, 9 showed other abnormalities consistent
      with the 1st branchial arch syndrome. In 4 cases there was hare lip, divided jaw
      and /or cleft palate along-side other abnormalities which made impossible a sure
      classification into one of the recognised syndromes. It is assumed that the
      anomalies arise in the 5th and 6th intrauterine week. The corneal dermoids were
      always unilateral and in only one case confined in position to the cornea.

PMID- 957572
TI  - [Intravitreous cyst probably arising from ciliary body epithelium (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A description is given of a pigmented cyst situated within the anterior part of
      the vitreous body in the otherwise healthy eye of a girl aged 9 years.

PMID- 957573
TI  - [Operative refractive correction of keratoconus with a modified Passow cautery
      apparatus (author's transl)].
AB  - The thermokeratoplasty was developed by Gasset for treatment of keratoconus. The
      flattening of the cornea is induced by heat. Indications and contra-indications
      are discussed. This is a report on our first 10 cases which were treated with a
      modified Passow-cauter. The procedure is simple and harmless and it seems to
      restrict the range of indications for corneal transplantation.

PMID- 957574
TI  - [Late choroidal detachment after i.c. cryoextraction of the lens (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Eighty days after i.c. cryoextraction of the lens without any complications,
      intra- or postoperative, choroidal detachment was observed in a 68-year-old woman
      (hypertension, diabetes m..amaurosis of the right eye after central artery
      embolism). -Conventional decongestive drugs (Reparil, Tantum, Tanderil) had no
      effect. Within 6 days of treatment with microwaves, 2.5% Hydrocortisone and
      atropine eye-drops and Prednisolone (10 mg/die) internally there was complete
      regression of the detachment.

PMID- 957575
TI  - [Low-vision aids in visually handicapped children (author's transl)].
AB  - It is reported on 71 visually handicapped pupils. The visual acuity of 48 of
      these children could be tested with low-vision aids and the electronic television
      reading apparatus (Reinecker). With telescopic glasses (Zeiss, Keeler) 31
      children had an average improvement of their visual acuity of two lines on a test
      board for near vision (Birkhauser). With the reading apparatus 43 children showed
      an improvement of the visual acuity of 5 more lines. Only 3 to 21 pupils, who had
      been offered a regular use of the telescopic glasses, decided to have one.
      Finally our own experiences are compared with those of other authors.

PMID- 957576
TI  - [Adjuvant role of electromyography in non-concomitant squint].

PMID- 957577
TI  - [Electromyographic examination of the inferior oblique muscle under physiological
      conditions and in disorders of ocular motility].

PMID- 957578
TI  - [Value of nystagmography in motor disorders of the extraocular muscles].

PMID- 957579
TI  - [Electronystagmographic diagnosis in isolated palsies of oculomotor nerves.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 957580
TI  - [Isolated paralysis of oculomotor nerves].

PMID- 957581
TI  - [Space localization in cases of disorders of ocular motility in the horizontal
      plane].

PMID- 957582
TI  - [Localization method in the treatment of paralytic squints. I. Classification
      principles and therapy].

PMID- 957583
TI  - [Localization method in the treatment of paralytic squints. II. Characteristics
      of cases and therapeutic results].

PMID- 957584
TI  - [Personal observations in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital blow-out
      fractures].

PMID- 957585
TI  - [Ultrasonographic studies and fields of binocular movements in the diagnosis of
      orbital tumors].

PMID- 957586
TI  - [Oculo-palpebral synkinesis. Pseudo-Graefe's sign].

PMID- 957587
TI  - [Acute squint].

PMID- 957588
TI  - [Efficiency of treatment of concomitant squints by the physiological method].

PMID- 957589
TI  - [Evaluation of different methods of penalization in ambulaotry practice of squint
      treatment].

PMID- 957590
TI  - [Ambulatory treatment of amblyopia in children by the penalization method].

PMID- 957591
TI  - [Kindergarten treatment of amblyopia and squint].

PMID- 957592
TI  - [Harmful effects of flickering light].

PMID- 957593
TI  - [Usefulness of psychomotor tests in the examination of children with disorders of
      binocular vision].

PMID- 957594
TI  - [Binocular vision examination in cases of small-angle squint[].

PMID- 957595
TI  - [Ultrasonographic ocular biometry in children with emmetropia and refraction
      errors].

PMID- 957596
TI  - [Evaluation of refraction errors in squinting children].

PMID- 957597
TI  - [Treatment of squint by the method of free space tests in squinters considered to
      be cured--by means of synoptophore examinations].

PMID- 957598
TI  - [A contribution to the pseudo-LE-syndrome. Investigations of the cardiovascular
      system, abdominal organs, lymphatic system and drug histories (author's transl)].
AB  - 13 of 30 patients suffering from pseudo-LE-syndrome showed a usually reversible
      enlargement of the heart during the acute stage of the disease. In two patients
      carditis occurring in pseudo-LE-syndrome lead to congestive heart failure and an
      additional patient died in the acute stage of carditis. As opposed to Systemic
      Lupus Erythematosus hypertension did not occur in a higher frequency than normal.
      In five cases cardiac catheter examinations showed slight elevation of the end
      diastolic pressure in the right ventricle, in two cases an abnormal high mean
      pressure in the right atrium and a systolic gradient at the pulmonic valve was
      found. -Scintigrams showed definite enlargement of the spleen and to a lesser
      degree enlargement of the liver was seen. Laparascopy showed multiple concretions
      after peritonitis. Lymphographic changes in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and
      lymphatic ducts were not observed in contrast to rheumatic diseases. Drug
      histories in most cases discovered intake of Venopyronum dragees prior to onset
      of the disease. But recurrent attacks of the disease also occurred without
      further intake of the drug.

PMID- 957599
TI  - Renin, aldosterone and arterial pressure responses to acute beta-adrenergic
      receptor blockage in hypertensive patients.
AB  - The effect of acute (intravenous) beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol or
      pindolol on arterial pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma
      concentration of aldosterone (PA) was evaluated in 20 essential hypertensive men.
      BP, PRA and PA were determined during continuous recumbency over-night (8 p.m. to
      6 a.m.) every 30 min. Two groups of patients were observed. Patients of group 1
      exhibited a characteristic day-night rhythm of PRA with low values before
      midnight and large increases early in the morning. Conversely, no rhythm and very
      low PRA values were observed in patients of group II. BP was higher in group II
      than in group I. In group I following intravenous propranolol or pindolol, BP
      fell within minutes and levels as well as rhythms of PRA were converted to those
      of group II without treatment. In group II day-night profiles of PRA and BP
      remained unchanged. Rhythm and concentration of PA in the two groups were not
      influenced by either drug. In 4 patients of group I infusion of angiotensin II
      inhibitor did not lower BP. The observations suggest that in the two groups
      dissimilarities in rhythms of PRA as well as in BP responses to beta-blockade may
      reflect differences in neuro-adrenergic tone.

PMID- 957600
TI  - Influence of dehydrocholate sodium on the biliary reabsorption of
      sulfobromophtalein sodium from the rat biliary tree after retrograde intrabilary
      injection.
AB  - Bilary re-excretion of sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) (1.2 mumol/rat) after
      retrograde intrabilary injection is markedly inhibited by dehydrocholate sodium
      (Decholin) given intravenously as a constant infusion (3.1 mumol/min/kg body
      weight) or as a bolus injection (24.8 mumol/rat) to rats. Most interestingly
      Decholin demonstrates the same inhibitory effects on the biliary re-excretion of
      BSP when it is administered by retrograde intrabiliary injection (24.8 mumol/rat)
      together with the dye. In contrast to the inhibition of biliary re-excretion of
      BSP its biliary reabsorption from the biliary tract seems to be rather increased:
      about 80-85% of 1.2 mumol BSP are reabsorbed in all sets of experiments with
      Decholin in comparison to about 65% to the control group. Combined with
      histological data it is suggested that reabosorption of BSP after retrograde
      intrabiliary injection occurs at the ductular site whereas re-excretion takes
      place at the cannalicular membrane of the hepatocyte.

PMID- 957601
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of concanavalin A in the perfused rat heart.
AB  - Staining of the surface coat of heart capillaries and aorta was achieved by
      perfusing concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin coupled to horseradish peroxidase
      through the rat heart. The binding of these lectins provides evidence for the
      presence of glycoproteins containing mannose, glucose, and N-acetylgalactosamine
      residues in the endothelial surface coat of rat aorta and heart capillaries. The
      binding of concanavalin A to capillary endothelium was further followed with
      radioautography of 125I-labeled concanavalin A in the in vitro perfused rat
      heart. Following the shorter time intervals of perfusion more than 80 per cent of
      labeled concanavalin A was releasable by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside and the
      radioautographic reaction was confined to the endothelial cell surface. Following
      60 minutes of perfusion with concanavalin A there was translocation of part of
      the lectin to the extravascular space and evidence of endothelial cell swelling.
      A tentative estimate of the concanavalin A binding sites in capillary endothelium
      was determined to be approximately 5000 per sq. mum.

PMID- 957602
TI  - Lysosomal alterations in cultured macrophages exposed to anorexigenic and
      psychotropic drugs.
AB  - Cultured rat macrophages were used for an in vitro study of drug-induced
      lipidosis. Cells were exposed for 24 hours to equimolar concentrations (5 X 10(
      5) and 1 X 10(-4) M) of the following amphiphilic (amphipathic) cationic drugs:
      chlorphentermine, amitriptyline, 1-chloro-amitriptyline, iprindole, noxiptiline,
      chlorpromazine. In addition the less amphiphilic drug phentermine was used.
      Ultrastructurally, the cytologic changes essentially consisted of formation of
      multilamellated cytoplasmic inclusions, which possessed acid phosphatase
      activity. The abnormal inclusions are interpreted to result from intralysosomal
      accumulation of polar lipids. Under the present in vitro conditions all drugs
      except phentermine, had similar potencies to induce such lysosomal alterations,
      quite in contrast to the great quantitative differences previously observed under
      in vivo conditions. The present results lend further support to a concept that
      regards a pronounced amphiphilic (amphipathic) character to be responsible for
      the lipidosis-inducing action of various cationic compounds. Cultured macrophages
      are suggested as a useful tool to investigate this structure-activity
      relationship, which under in vivo conditions may be obscured by superimposed
      parameters such as drug metabolism.

PMID- 957603
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations of rat lung exposed to pyrolysis products of
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon).
AB  - Ultrastructural changes of the lung tissues were evaluated in rats exposed to the
      pyrolysis products of Teflon at 380 degrees C., 400 degrees C;, and 450 degrees
      C., respectively, for 4 hours. At 450 degrees C. Teflon evolved numerous tiny
      particles (0.02 to 0.04 mum.), which were considered to be the toxic material,
      and at 550 degrees C., in addition to the tiny particles, large spherical
      particles (0.7 to 5.0 mum) were found. No particles were observed in the
      pyrolysis product produced at temperatures between 380 degrees C. and 425 degrees
      C. There were no clinical symptoms or lung alterations induced at temperatures
      below 425 degrees C colloidal carbon injected as a marker of increased vascular
      permeability did not pass through the alveolar capillary endothelium. At 450
      degrees C. (approximate lethal temperature) rats revealed severe respiratory
      difficulty, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis of the tracheobronchial
      epithelium. The membranous pneumocytes appear to be vulnerable to the Teflon fume
      causing cytoplasmic swelling, bleb formation, fragmentation, and denudation.
      Similar changes were found in the endothelial cells, but to a much lesser extent.
      When Teflon fume generated at 450 degrees CnWAS FILTERED THROUGH A Millipore
      filter (pore size 0.2 mum.), rats revealed only slight degenerative changes in
      the superficial tracheobronchial epithelium, but no clinical signs.

PMID- 957604
TI  - Ultrastructural differences between rat inner medullary descending and ascending
      vasa recta;.
AB  - The ultrastructure of rat inner medullary vasa recta was studied by both
      conventional transmission and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The identify
      of descending and ascending vasa recta in the inner medulla was established by
      tracing outer medullary descending vasa recta and ascending vasa recta into the
      inner medulla, as well as by the incomplete carbon labeling technique to identify
      isolated descending vessels or loops. As in the outer medulla, descending vessels
      possess thick continuous endothelium with pinocytotic vesicles budding off the
      luminal and basal plasma membranes (more numerous in the latter location), but no
      fenestrae. Ascending vasa show thin, attenuated endothelium with numerous (500 to
      800 A fenestrae bridged by 40 A thick fenestral diaphragms. Intercellular
      junctions in both vessels are zonulae occludens with usually one, and uncommonly
      two or three zones of outer leaflet membrane fusion. Intramembranous particles
      are numerous in endothelial plasma membranes of descending vasa recta; similar
      particles are much fewer in corresponding ascending vasa recta endothelial plasma
      membranes. The ultrastructural differences between descending vasa recta and
      ascending vasa recta may reflect markedly different permeability properties,
      particularly to macromolecules, and may be relevant to recent functional studies
      on rat inner medullary vasa recta.

PMID- 957605
TI  - Injury of the cell's respiratory system by heat and by formaldehyde.
      Thermokinetics and early molecular events.
AB  - This is a study of the manner in which the respiratory system of the cell is
      injured either by elevated temperature or by exposure to diluted formaldehyde.
      Molecular mechanisms were identified by thermokinetic measurements. The rates at
      which respiratory failure developed in mouse liver slices in an injurious
      environment were measured at various temperatures. The data were fitted to the
      Arrhenius equation, and the effective activation energies of the injury processes
      were calculated. These data show that (1) the thermokinetics of injury to the
      cell's respiratory system, whether by thermal or chemical means, follows the
      Arrhenius law. (2) Thermal injury of the cell's respiratory system has a high
      activation energy, indicating that the critical, rate-determining event is a
      protein denaturation. Other mechanisms such as imbalance of metabolic reaction
      rates and thermal liquefaction of membrane lipids can be ruled out. (3)
      Repression of cell respiration by diluted formaldehyde has an activation energy
      compatible with a chemical reaction but low enough to exclude protein
      denaturation as a mechanism.

PMID- 957606
TI  - Ultrastructural and morphometric studies of platelets from cattle with the
      Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - This study revealed that the lesions in platelets from cattle with the Chediak
      Higashi syndrome (CHS) are not morphologically analogousto those present in the
      other granule-containing cells in cattle and other species with CHS.  There was
      no evidence of enlargement of the lysosomal granules in bovine CHS platelets...

PMID- 957607
TI  - Renewal of the terminal bronchiolar epithelium in the rat following exposure to
      NO2 or O3.
AB  - Rats were exposed to either NO2 or O3 to determine whether nonciliated cells
      (Clara cells) could divide and differentiate into ciliated cells in the terminal
      bronchioles. Dividing cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine, visualized in
      the light and electron microscopes using autoradiographic techniques, and studied
      for up to 15 days after labeling. Electron microscopic autoradiography 1 hour
      after injection of tritiated thymidine showed that all labeled cells in the
      terminal bronchioles were nonciliated. However, 4 days after injection of
      tritiated thymidine, 67.8 per cent of the labeled cells were nonciliated and 32.2
      per cent were ciliated. Light microscopic autoradiography showed that the new
      labeled ciliated cell population was stable for up to 15 days. These results
      indicate that nonciliated cells divide and the sister cells may form new ciliated
      and nonciliated cells. Thus, nonciliated cells can act as progenitor cells for
      the terminal bronchiolar epithelium.

PMID- 957608
TI  - The storage of mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Development of histamine and
      rancidity.

PMID- 957609
TI  - Manipulation of fermentation in the rumen.

PMID- 957610
TI  - Chemical composition of microbial matter in the rumen.

PMID- 957611
TI  - Estimation of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (kale anaemia factor) and its
      distribution among brassica forage and root crops.

PMID- 957612
TI  - Amino acid digestibility studies of autoclaved rapeseed meals using an in vitro
      enzymatic procedure.

PMID- 957613
TI  - The influence of an extract of orange peel on the growth and ascorbic acid
      metabolism of young guinea-pigs.

PMID- 957614
TI  - Improved procedures for the isolation of pure oleic, linoleic, and linolenic
      acids or their methyl esters from natural sources.

PMID- 957615
TI  - The automated determination of carbohydrate. Development of a method for
      available carbohydrates and its application to foodstuffs.

PMID- 957616
TI  - Wheat albumin and globulin proteins: purothionin levels of stored flour.

PMID- 957617
TI  - A simple gel-diffusion assay of alpha-amylase in ungerminated wheat grains.

PMID- 957618
TI  - The implications of endemic rabies to small animal practitioners in the United
      Kingdom.

PMID- 957619
TI  - Intertarsal and tarso-metatarsal subluxation in the dog.

PMID- 957620
TI  - Aplasia of the epididymis and vas deferens in the dog.

PMID- 957621
TI  - Sertoli cell tumours associated with feminization, prostatitis and squamous
      metaplasia of the renal tubular epithelium in a dog.

PMID- 957622
TI  - Leptospirosis in a British domestic cat.

PMID- 957623
TI  - A case of myasthenia gravis in a cat.

PMID- 957624
TI  - Perineal hernia in the cat-a description of two cases.

PMID- 957625
TI  - Polycystic kidneys and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in the cat: a
      case report.

PMID- 957626
TI  - Manufacturing processes: wire ropes.

PMID- 957627
TI  - Health hazards and powder metallurgy.

PMID- 957628
TI  - Hypothermia: a problem for North Sea industries.

PMID- 957629
TI  - Helicopter supply and evacuation.

PMID- 957630
TI  - Ethylene thiourea-a study of possible teratogenicity and thyroid carcinogenicity.

PMID- 957631
TI  - Miscellaneous symptoms occurring in workers engaged in the manufacture of PVC.

PMID- 957632
TI  - Healing of phalangeal defects in acro-osteolysis.

PMID- 957633
TI  - Increased Survival and Inhibition of Mammary Tumors in Hypothyroid Mice.

PMID- 957634
TI  - Extraction of glutathione by the isolated perfused rabbit kidney.

PMID- 957635
TI  - Dialysis and ultrafiltration techniques for isolated sheep heart symbiosis with a
      living organism. beneficial effect in hypothermic (13 degrees C) perfusion.

PMID- 957636
TI  - The effect of trauma on protein synthesis.

PMID- 957637
TI  - Maintenance of multiple pregnancies in sheep after removal of one fetus.

PMID- 957638
TI  - Editorial: Medical malpractice review boards.

PMID- 957639
TI  - The molecular structure of an aldosterone 18-glucopyranosiduronate.

PMID- 957640
TI  - Fecal and urinary excretion of [3H]-aldosterone and its sex dependence in rats.

PMID- 957641
TI  - Progesterone and pregnenolone 17 alpha-hydroxylase: substrate specificity and
      selective inhibition by 17 alpha-hydroxylated products.

PMID- 957642
TI  - [Urinary steroids in a virilizing corticoadrenaloma].

PMID- 957643
TI  - Quantitative determination of the boar taint substance 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one
      in fat.

PMID- 957644
TI  - A highly efficient procedure for the extraction of progesterone from uterus and
      its compatibility with subsequent radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 957645
TI  - Estimation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone concentration in human peripheral plasma
      by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection.

PMID- 957646
TI  - The multicomponent analysis of conjugates of neutral steroids in urine by
      lipophilic ion exchange chromatography and computerised gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 957647
TI  - Attempt at specific elimination of axial hydrogen on steroid skeleton.

PMID- 957648
TI  - Inability to isolate the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from bovine ovaries
      using a procedure which isolates the adrenal enzyme.

PMID- 957649
TI  - A theory to the stochastic dynamic model building for chronic progressive disease
      processes with an application to chronic gastritis.

PMID- 957650
TI  - Analysis of clamps with time dependent voltages in the squid axon using a kinetic
      transport model.

PMID- 957651
TI  - Matrix analysis of the oxygen evolving system of photosynthesis.

PMID- 957652
TI  - A molecular orbital study on the incorporation of nucleotides into RNA.

PMID- 957653
TI  - Matter and energy flows in biological and ecological systems.

PMID- 957654
TI  - Flexibility of deoxyguanosine 5'monophosphate (5'dGmp): an E.H.T. conformational
      analysis.

PMID- 957655
TI  - A functional model of sialo-glyco-macromolecules in synaptic transmission and
      memory formation.

PMID- 957656
TI  - Sexual selection and the handicap principle.

PMID- 957657
TI  - Letter: Flicker noise and structural changes in nerve membrane.

PMID- 957658
TI  - Letter: Structural hierarchy in collagenous tissues and the "strait-jacket"
      theory of bone stiffness.

PMID- 957659
TI  - Theoretical considerations in the adaptation of animal communication systems.

PMID- 957660
TI  - Averaging methods in predator-prey systems and related biological models.

PMID- 957661
TI  - Tissue correlations in linear samples.

PMID- 957662
TI  - The evolution of chemiosmotic energy coupling.

PMID- 957663
TI  - The influence of surface charge on the kinetics of ion-translocation across
      biological membranes.

PMID- 957664
TI  - Sexual selection for a handicap: a critical analysis of Zahavi's model.

PMID- 957665
TI  - Ecological stability: an information theory viewpoint.

PMID- 957666
TI  - Can membrane excitation be described without a membrane capacity?

PMID- 957667
TI  - A rapid non-chromatographic analysis of individual bile acids in human bile
      extracts.

PMID- 957668
TI  - A theoretical and comparative CNDO study of chlorophylls a and b and their
      beryllium homologs.

PMID- 957669
TI  - Conformational analysis of aminoacyladenylates. I. General backbone structure.

PMID- 957670
TI  - Conformational analysis of aminoacyladenylates II. EHT study of glycyladenylate.

PMID- 957671
TI  - Towards a sharper definition of energetic coupling through integration of
      membrane transport into bioenergetics.

PMID- 957673
TI  - Stable generation of simple forms.

PMID- 957672
TI  - Towards an understanding of the behaviour of root meristems.

PMID- 957674
TI  - A population of coupled oscillators.

PMID- 957675
TI  - Toward a mathematical description of chemical phase waves.

PMID- 957676
TI  - Fluorescence polarization: pigment orientation and energy transfer in
      photosynthetic membranes.

PMID- 957677
TI  - Population dynamics of mitochondria II. Turnover and ageing of rat liver
      mitochondria.

PMID- 957678
TI  - Fairy ring kinetics.

PMID- 957679
TI  - A mathematical model for germ cell determination process and effect of
      ultraviolet light on the process.

PMID- 957680
TI  - Why is 5-fluorouracil a mutagen?

PMID- 957681
TI  - A model for drug-receptor remote recognition applied to certain hydrogen bonding
      systems.

PMID- 957682
TI  - Specialization in phagocytosis.

PMID- 957683
TI  - The avoidance behavior of Phycomyces blakesleeanus: is mediation by natural
      convection significant?

PMID- 957684
TI  - Capture frequency of excitations and energy transfer between photosynthetic units
      in the photosystem II.

PMID- 957685
TI  - Action potential in the giant axon of Loligo: a physical model.

PMID- 957686
TI  - Movement of excitations in the photosynthetic domains of photosystem II.

PMID- 957687
TI  - A model for the evolution of self-fertilization and vegetative reproduction.

PMID- 957688
TI  - Firing probability of a neural network: first-order differential equation.

PMID- 957689
TI  - Spores as potential topological markers in bacterial DNA segregation studies.

PMID- 957690
TI  - Derivation and properties of Michaelis-Menten type and Hill type equations for
      reference ligands.

PMID- 957691
TI  - Water transport through plant tissue: the apoplasm and symplasm pathways.

PMID- 957692
TI  - The latent period of anode break excitation in myelinated and giant axons.

PMID- 957693
TI  - Quantum mechanical study of bases interactions in various associates in atomic
      dipole approximation.

PMID- 957694
TI  - The evolution of mutation rates via DNA base composition and mutator genes: a
      proposition.

PMID- 957695
TI  - Spatial pattern and the mechanism of population regulation.

PMID- 957696
TI  - Chemotactic transport theory for neutrophil leukocytes.

PMID- 957697
TI  - The rate-limiting reaction catalyzed by a multi-enzyme complex-the fatty acid
      synthetases.

PMID- 957699
TI  - Stability of multi-pool models with lags.

PMID- 957698
TI  - Equilibrium states and oscillations for localized two-enzyme kinetics: a model
      for circadian rhythms.

PMID- 957700
TI  - Tree structures: deducing the principle of mechanical design.

PMID- 957702
TI  - The advantage of spacing-out.

PMID- 957701
TI  - The effect of age on the wall stiffness of the human thoracic aorta: a large
      deformation "anisotropic" elastic analysis.

PMID- 957703
TI  - Structural similarity between febrifugine and chloroquine.

PMID- 957704
TI  - A molecular orbital theoretical study on the acid-base property and reactivity of
      the charge relay system in alpha chymotrypsin.

PMID- 957705
TI  - The red cell shape form discocyte to hypotonic spherocyte--a mathematical
      delineation based on a uniform shell hypothesis.

PMID- 957706
TI  - Current flow and potential in a three-dimensional syncytium.

PMID- 957707
TI  - Theoretical study of flow, pressure and solute concentration in double membrane
      systems.

PMID- 957708
TI  - Possible three-dimensional models for the polypeptide backbone structure of
      alamethicin.

PMID- 957709
TI  - Towards a molecular theory of the nerve membrane: inactivation.

PMID- 957710
TI  - A theoretical inquiry into the role of phospholipids in membrane fusion.

PMID- 957711
TI  - Interpretation of nonlinear steady state enzyme kinetics--cyclic and mathematical
      properties of cooperative, second-site and random pathway models.

PMID- 957712
TI  - On transition states in enzyme catalysed reactions.

PMID- 957713
TI  - Possible functions of the oligopeptide extension in the albumin precursor.

PMID- 957714
TI  - A conceptual model of diet selection as an ecosystem process.

PMID- 957715
TI  - The theoretical analysis of kinetic behaviour of "hysteretic" allosteric enzymes.
      I. The kinetic manifestations of slow conformational change of an oligomeric
      enzyme in the Monod, Wyman and Changeux model.

PMID- 957716
TI  - The theoretical analysis of kinetic behaviour of "hysteretic" allosteric enzymes.
      II. The dissociating and associating enzymic systems in which the rate of
      installation of equilibrium between the oligomeric forms is small in comparison
      with that of enzymatic reaction.

PMID- 957717
TI  - The theoretical analysis of kinetic behaviour of kinetic behaviour of
      "hysteretic" allosteric enzymes. III. Dissociating and associating enzyme systems
      in which the rate of installation of equilibrium between the oligomeric forms in
      comparable to that of enzymatic reaction.

PMID- 957718
TI  - Life histories as adaptive strategies.

PMID- 957719
TI  - A heat transfer analysis of animals: unifying concepts and the application of
      metabolism chamber data to field ecology.

PMID- 957720
TI  - Ferritin structure: possible models for apoferritin subunit arrangement.

PMID- 957721
TI  - A theory of self-organization of an excitable membrane formed on the protoplasmic
      droplet isolated from Nitella.

PMID- 957722
TI  - Interactive macromolecular sites. I. Basic theory.

PMID- 957723
TI  - Interactive macromolecular sites. II. Role in prebiotic macromolecular selection
      and early cellular evolution.

PMID- 957724
TI  - The evolution of sexual reproduction: a model which assumes individual selection.

PMID- 957725
TI  - The determination of local cell membrane diffusion coefficients.

PMID- 957726
TI  - Inhibition of co-operative enzymes by substrate-analogues: possible implications
      for the physiological significance of negative co-operativity illustrated by
      phenylalanine metabolism in higher plants.

PMID- 957727
TI  - Oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell with nonlinear oxygen uptake kinetics.

PMID- 957728
TI  - Rapid oxygen entry into unperfused tissue slices: an experimental artefact?

PMID- 957729
TI  - Preferred backbone conformations of amino acid residues for solvent interaction.

PMID- 957730
TI  - A note on the stability of Jerne's immune network.

PMID- 957731
TI  - Duetting songs in birds: biological significance of stationary and non-stationary
      processes.

PMID- 957732
TI  - Performance of an abdominal left ventricular assist device during induced
      tachycardias and dysrhythmias.
AB  - Experiments were designed to assess the performance of an intracorporeal
      (abdominal) left ventricular assist device (ALVAD) in the presence of induced
      tachycardias, multiple premature ventricular contractions (PVC's), and
      ventricular fibrillation in calves. Performance criteria were the degree of left
      ventricular unloading and the per cent cardiac output assumed by the ALVAD.
      During synchronous pumping, left ventricular unloading was complete and the
      entire cardiac output was captured by the device. During induced tachycardias up
      to rates of 120 beats per minute, these degrees of performance were maintained.
      At rates in excess of 120 beats per minute, performance declined due to decreased
      biologic stroke volumes and prosthetic filling times. In the presence of induced
      PVC's, performance during synchronous pumping decreased because of erratic R-wave
      sensing. Left ventricular unloading was complete but irregular, and the total
      cardiac output was captured. When asynchronous pumping was utilized, mean left
      ventricular systolic pressures increased, but total cardiac output was still
      captured. During induced ventricular fibrillation, ALVAD actuation maintained
      cardiac outputs equal to control values for periods up to 5 1/2 hours. These
      experiments indicate that, during normal sinus rhythm, synchronous pumping is
      optimal; asynchronous pumping is optimal during complex dysrhythmias; and either
      can be utilized to support the circulation with varying degrees of left
      ventricular unloading.

PMID- 957733
TI  - Congenital aortic stenosis. Experience with 43 patients.
AB  - Between September, 1967, and January, 1975, 43 patients underwent intracardiac
      repair for congenital aortic stenosis at the Buffalo Children's Hospital. The
      patients ranged in age from 2 days to 24 years, 6 of them being below one year of
      age. Valvular aortic stenosis was found in 21 cases (4 infants [Group I-A] and 17
      older patients [Group I-B]), discrete subaortic membranous diaphragm in 11 (Group
      II); diffuse subvalvular muscular obstruction in 3 (Group III), supravalvular
      stenosis in 4 (Group IV), and multiple-level obstruction in 4 (2 infants [Group V
      A] and 2 older patients [Group V-B]). Preoperatively, 58 per cent of the patients
      were symptomatic and 67 per cent had abnormal electrocardiograms. Associated
      congenital cardiac defects were found in 28 per cent of the cases. The over-all
      hospital mortality rate was 9 per cent (3 patients in Group I-A and one in Group
      V-A), with no deaths occurring in patients older than 3 months of age at the time
      of operation. Two late deaths occurred (Groups I-B and V-B). A complete heart
      block developed in one patient (Group III). The average intraoperative peak
      systolic left ventricular-aortic gradient decreased in all groups after repair
      but progressively increased in the late hemodynamic studies obtained in
      symptomatic patients. Six patients were reoperated upon for recurrent
      obstruction. Late results were evaluated on the basis of symptoms,
      electrocardiographic findings, valve function, and hemodynamic data. They showed
      excellent or satisfactory results in 59 per cent of the patients in Group I-B, in
      45 per cent in Group II, in 66 per cent in Group III, and in 25 per cent in Group
      I-V. Results were fair or poor in Groups, I-A, V-A, and V-B. In children and
      adolescents, effective relief of the obstruction and of the symptoms can be
      obtained with minimal operative risk and minimal morbidity. In symptomatic
      infants, despite the high operative mortality rate, surgical intervention is
      indicated because of the poor prognosis.

PMID- 957734
TI  - The conduction system in simple, regular (D-), complete transposition with
      ventricular septal defect.
AB  - This is a serial section study of the conduction system in 5 cases of complete (d
      ) transposition with ventricular septal defect (VSD) . In 3 of the cases with
      infracristal or intracristal VSD, the bundle lay in the posterior (inferior) wall
      on the left side of the defect. In the fourth case with infracristal VSD it was
      on the right side of this wall. In the case with a more distally situated VSD,
      the bundle branches skirted the anterior and distal walls of the defect. This
      study shows that in closure of the VSD in complete transposition, the posterior
      wall of the defect in some cases, and in others the anterior and distal walls of
      the defect are to be handled judiciously. The right side of this wall is probably
      safer to handle from the standpoint of block than the left side in most cases.
      His bundle recording during open-heart surgery may be indicated in large or
      unusually located VSD's to delineate the course of the conduction system and
      thereby to avoid atrioventricular (A-V) block.

PMID- 957735
TI  - Evaluating techniques of myocardial preservation for aortic valve replacement:
      operative risk.
AB  - In a two-year period 105 patients underwent isolated aortic valve replacement
      without hospital death. Eighty-three patients were operated on using hypothermic
      ischemic arrest; 22 patients had coronary perfusion. The early postoperative
      cardiac performance and incidence of complications did not differ between groups,
      although cardiopulmonary bypass time was shorter in the ischemic arrest group.
      These data suggest that ischemic arrest is a satisfactory method for myocardial
      preservation. However, because of the low hospital mortality rate with either
      method, these results and those of others cannot be taken to indicate the
      superiority of any method of myocardial preservation.

PMID- 957736
TI  - A different approach for the total correction of tricuspid atresia.
AB  - A new surgical procedure has been used successfully to correct tricuspid atresia
      in a 9-year-old girl. An external conduit containing a porcine aortic valve was
      positioned to lead from the right atrium to the underdeveloped right ventricle.
      The right ventricle was reconstructed with a large Dacron patch, thus providing a
      large cavity for the small hypoplastic right ventricle. The atrial and
      ventricular septal defects were closed. The patient made a satisfactory recovery
      and is doing well four months after the operation.

PMID- 957737
TI  - Complete repair of transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary atresia.
AB  - In this series of 13 patients undergoing repair of transposition of the great
      arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia, the operative risk
      and postoperative complications were greater than for repair of either
      transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary
      stenosis or pulmonary arterial atresia with ventricular defect. Nevertheless, 6
      of the 8 survivors improved clinically. Because operative and late mortality and
      morbidity rates are related to persistent right ventricular hypertension caused
      primarily by restricted pulmonary arterial outflow, results should be improved by
      performance of a preliminary systemic-pulmonary artery shunt for patients with
      hypoplastic pulmonary arteries and by use of the Hancock prosthesis, which has
      yielded lower gradients at both the proximal and distal anastomoses of the
      conduit. These improvements and the relief from cyanosis, exercise intolerance,
      and other symptoms seem to justify the continued application of surgical
      correction of transposition of the great arteries when associated with pulmonary
      atresia.

PMID- 957738
TI  - Ventricular pacing with epigastric transdiaphragmatic electrodes. Long-term
      follow-up and comparison with other implantation methods.
AB  - One hundred eighty-seven electrode systems were implanted in 158 consecutive
      patients--30 systems implanted by thoracotomy, 98 transvenous, and 52 epigastric
      transdiaphragmatic systems--and the long-term results were compared. With
      electrodes placed by thoracotomy there was a high rate of complication (76 per
      cent), prolonging the initial hospitalization (33 per cent) and necessitating
      frequent rehospitalizations (56 per cent). With transvenous electrodes the
      complication rate was 39 per cent (16 per cent during the first hospitalization,
      28 per cent necessitating rehospitalization). With epigastric transdiaphragmatic
      electrodes these figures were, respectively, 15, 12, and 6 per cent. The most
      frequent complications with transvenous electrodes were displacement (15 per
      cent), ulcerations, and local infection; all were abolished when the epigastric
      approach was used. Threshold elevation was not more frequent with epigastric
      electrodes (sutured to the right ventricle) than with the other techniques. Four
      per cent of the epigastric electrodes caused complications severe enough to
      require another mode of pacing, contrasting with 18 and 26 per cent,
      respectively, for the transvenous and transthoracic electrodes.

PMID- 957739
TI  - A safe technique for closure of the recurrent patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - In an early series of 73 operations for patent ductus arteriosus, closure was by
      the triple ligation method. Over a short period, recurrence of patency was
      observed in 2 cases and after that the technique of division and suture rather
      than ligation became standard. For closure of the recurrent ductus, a
      modification of the usual technique is necessary to minimize danger of injury to
      the recurrent nerve and the great vessels. A safe method was devised which
      involves an intrapericardial approach to the superior aspect of the ductus and
      dissection inferiorly which avoids denudation of the aorta. This technique was
      used with satisfaction in 6 cases of recurrent patent ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 957740
TI  - Definitive surgical treatment of anomalous origin of left coronary artery. A new
      technical approach used successfully in a seven-month-old male infant.
AB  - Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a very rare
      cardiac anomaly. Most patients with this defect die in the first year of life.
      Reconstructive surgery of the left coronary artery is the only saving measure in
      the management of this disease. A radical operation was successfully carried out
      in a seven-month-old boy by interposing a homologous saphenous vein (from his
      mother) between the aorta and left coronary artery. The operation was performed
      by use of deep hypothermia with surface cooling combined with limited
      cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful and the
      patient relatively asymptomatic. Postoperative coronary angiograms revealed that
      the interposed homologous vein graft was patent, although it was slightly
      stenotic. Following the operation the patient showed good development and growth
      and has now reached 2 years of age. The purpose of this paper is to present the
      case by discussing our new operative technique.

PMID- 957741
TI  - A low-threshold, non-dislocating endocardial electrode.
AB  - Threshold curves with large and small surface intracardiac pacemaker electrodes
      are compared. The 2 msec. impulse threshold with a 47 sq. mm. electrode was 3.6
      v. (4.3 mA.) on the fourteenth postoperative day, when it reached its maximum,
      and 2.8 v. (3.1 mA.) one month after the operation. These values were 45 and 30
      per cent lower with a 6 sq. mm. electrode. Thresholds increased by about 20 per
      cent when the impulse duration was shortened from 2 to 0.5 msec. The small
      surface electrode consumed about 35 per cent less current than the 47 sq. mm.
      one. A newly designed large area-small surface electrode with the shape of an
      open cage, seems to have the advantages of less increase in postoperative
      thresholds and good attachment to the endocardial wall.

PMID- 957742
TI  - Infection of cardiac suture line after ventricular aneurysmectomy. Report of two
      cases.
AB  - Two cases of sepsis following ventricular aneurysmectomy are presented. In both,
      the source of sepsis was an infected caridac suture line in which Teflon felt
      strips were used to reinforce the closure. One patient had a pseudoaneurysm and a
      chronic empyema of the left side of the chest, and the second had a
      ventriculocutaneous fistula. Early operation with removal of the foreign body is
      warranted in this major complication of a ventricular aneurysmectomy.

PMID- 957743
TI  - Doppler ultrasonic flow detection as an adjunct in the diagnosis of patent ductus
      arteriosus in premature infants.
AB  - Since ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus in the neonate with idiopathic
      respiratory distress syndrome seems to improve the clinical condition of the
      infant, we have attempted to identify those neonates earlier with the noninvasive
      Doppler ultrasonic technique, recording brachial arterial flow signals. Sixteen
      patients were studied. In the 5 with reversed brachial flow who were operated
      upon, ligation of a PDA resulted in improvement and postoperative correction of
      brachial flow reversal as evidenced by the Doppler ultrasonic technique.

PMID- 957744
TI  - Total correction of double-outlet ventricle with concordant atrioventricular
      relation, dextrocardia, pulmonary stenosis, and situs inversus.
AB  - A case of successful surgical correction of double-outlet right ventricle with
      concordant atrioventricular relation, pulmonic stenosis, and situs inversus is
      described. Transposition of the great vessels was not present. Intracardiac
      repair with a Teflon tunnel conduit gave an excellent result. Proper resection of
      the subpulmonic obstructing fibromuscular band required no patch reconstruction
      of the outflow tract.

PMID- 957745
TI  - Effects of assisted ventilation on echocardiographic findings in two infants with
      patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - Echocardiography is a useful means of determining whether or not to ligate the
      patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants with respiratory distress
      syndrome and PDA. The magnitude of the left-to-right ductal shunt can be gauged
      by measuring the diameter of the left atrium (LA) and aortic root (AO)
      echocardiographically and by determining the LA/AO ratio. An increase in this
      ratio during weaning from assisted ventilation is an indication for ligation of
      the PDA. We recently used this criterion in treating 2 infants with respiratory
      distress syndrome and PDA.

PMID- 957746
TI  - Fatal air embolism following gunshot wound of the lung.
AB  - Air embolism following penetrating lung trauma has been reported infrequently and
      its existence is questioned. A death resulting from air embolism following a high
      velocity gunshot wound is presented. Appropriate treatment and preventive
      measures are discussed.

PMID- 957747
TI  - Perfusion lung scan patterns in 100 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - The relationship between size of the perfusion defect as seen by perfusion lung
      scan (PLS) and size of the mass lesion as seen radiologically was correlated with
      the presence of regional adenopathy in 100 consecutive patients with bronchogenic
      carcinoma. All patients underwent scanning before open thoracotomy or
      mediastinotomy and had histologic documentation of the disease. Each perfusion
      lung scan was classified as follows: (1) perfusion defect larger than the mass
      lesion. (2) perfusion defect of the same size as the mass lesion, or (3) no focal
      defect seen. Among patients with a larger perfusion defect 84 per cent were found
      to have regional lymph node involvements, whereas among patients in whom a larger
      defect was not present only 23 per cent had such extensions of the disease.

PMID- 957748
TI  - Pulmonary embolism: surgery in a hyperbaric chamber.
AB  - A 20-year-old man with a known history of thrombophlebitis experienced massive
      pulmonary embolism with hypoxia and shock. Embolectomy was performed with
      hyperbaric oxygenation for cardiopulmonary support. Ligation of the inferior vena
      cava was required postoperatively to prevent further embolism. Hyperbaric
      oxygenation is an effective method of cardiopulmonary support for pulmonary
      embolectomy.

PMID- 957749
TI  - Postpneumonectomy empyema in pulmonary carcinoma patients. Treatment with
      antibiotic irrigation and closed-chest drainage.
AB  - Seven patients with postpneumonectomy empyema who had had pulmonary carcinoma
      were treated with intrapleural antibiotic irrigation and closed-chest drainage.
      Two tubes were used to irrigate and drain the cavity. Although most patients had
      a bronchopleural or esophagopleural fistula, the treatment was successful in
      every case. Three of the 7 patients died of far-advanced carcinoma 1 to 2 years
      postoperatively, but none died of sequela of the empyema. In 3 patients with
      bronchopleural fistula, empyema recurred during the first postoperative year.
      However, it responded well to repeated irrigation and drainage. This simple, time
      saving, and easily repeatable regimen proved to be both effective and also very
      comfortable for the patient. It has none of the disadvantages of open thoracic
      drainage or mutilating thoracoplasty.

PMID- 957750
TI  - A safe method of thoracentesis.
AB  - A simple and safe method for therapeutic and diagnostic thoracentesis is
      described. The application of this technique of thoracentesis may decrease the
      chance of injury to the lung during the procedure. The complete evacuation of the
      pleural cavity may reduce the chance of development of adhesions. Repeated
      aspirations and instillation of medications with the same system left in the
      thoracic cavity may also be possible.

PMID- 957751
TI  - Editorial: Valvular replacement and ventricular function.

PMID- 957752
TI  - Pulmonary artery conduits in infants younger than six months of age.
AB  - Ten infants under 6 months of age with right ventricular-pulmonary artery
      discontinuity have undergone reparative operations. Five infants had either Type
      I or Type II truncus and 5 had pulmonary atersia with some discontinuity between
      right and left pulmonary arteries. There have been 4 survivors in each group. The
      one death in each category was due to pulmonary hypertension. The remaining 8
      patients have low pulmonary vascular resistance. The survival rate after the
      reparative technique in infancy appears better than that with other forms of
      palliative treatment, such as banding of shunts, in these severly ill patients.

PMID- 957753
TI  - Arterial prosthesis of microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for
      construction of aorta-pulmonary shunts.
AB  - A new arterial prosthesis made of polytetrafluoroethylene (OTFE) was evaluated in
      10 infants with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease. All grafts used were 4
      mm. in diameter and varied in length from 0.8 to 6 cm. The grafts were
      anastomosed to the main pulmonary artery or its bifurcation in 8 infants and to
      the right and left pulmonary arteries in one each. There were two early deaths,
      one of which was related to shunt failure. The advantages of a shunt to the main
      pulmonary artery are obvious, and the intraoperative procedure is facilitated
      with the prosthesis. Follow-up averages 9 months in the 8 survivors, and the
      patients have nearly doubled their preoperative weight. A shunt murmur is present
      in each case and the children have mild-to-moderate cyanosis at rest. Repeat
      aortograms in 2 patients, 8 and 10 months postoperatively, show a smooth graft
      without luminal narrowing. The aortic oxygen saturations were 73 per cent. The
      PTFE graft and/or anastomoses will not grow with the growth of the child and
      therefore may not accommodate growth by increased flow. This may prove to be a
      limiting factor in its long-term use in fants. We reserve the use of these grafts
      for infants with complex cyanotic defects undergoing emergency surgery or in
      older children in whom a conventional shunt is not possible or a previous shunt
      has failed.

PMID- 957754
TI  - Anatomic correction of transposition of the great vessels.
AB  - We present a new approach for anatomic correction of transposition of the great
      arteries. The two coronary arteries, with a piece of the aortic wall attached,
      are transposed to the posterior artery. The two aortic openings are closed with a
      patch. The aorta and pulmonary artery are transected, contraposed, ant then
      anastomosed. The interventricular septal defect is closed with a patch, through a
      right ventriculotomy approach, because the right ventricle is no longer part of
      the systemic circulation. Two patients, aged 3 months and 40 days weighing 4,200
      and 3,700 grams, respectively, were operated upon with deep hypothermia and total
      circulatory arrest. There was good recovery from the operation, with normal
      cardiocirculatory conditions. Renal failure developed in the first patient, and
      she died on the third postoperative day. During this time the cardiocirculatory
      conditions were good. The second patient made an uneventful recovery. Hemodynamic
      studies 20 days after the operation showed complete correction of the
      malformation. Five and one-half months after the operation, he weighs 7,500
      grams, and his development is very good. We believe that this operation will be
      reproducible by most cardiovascular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 957755
TI  - Transient protein-losing enteropathy secondary to elevated caval pressures and
      caval obstruction after the Mustard procedure.
AB  - Protein-losing enteropathy, documented by 51Cr-labeled albumin excretion studies,
      was demonstrated in a 24-month-old girl following the Mustard operation for
      complete transposition. Apparent postoperative inferior vena cava obstruction had
      been diagnosed by angiocardiograms and both caval pressure were found to be
      elevated. There was no evidence of primary renal or hepatic disease or cardiac
      failure. This problem may occur more frequently than has been recognized.

PMID- 957756
TI  - Anatomic variations in underdeveloped right ventricle related to tricuspid
      atresia and stenosis.
AB  - In the anatomy of 416 hearts, the seat of tricuspid stenosis or atresia is
      examined, with special reference to Fontan-like surgical procedures. A
      classification is offered which includes cases with and without regular or
      inverted transposition, and with decreased or increased pulmonary flow. The size
      and thickness of the right atrium, the size and architecture of the right
      ventricle, the size of the pulmonary tree, the types of atrial and ventricular
      septal defects, the condition of the mitral valve, and the size and thickness of
      the left atrium and left ventricle are analyzed. In addition the various
      intracardiac and extracardiac abnormalities are enumerated. Reference is also
      made to the tendency of the aorta and pulmonary trunk to override the septum, in
      some cases producing double-outlet left ventricle. It is considered that many
      cases of tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis with or without transposition may
      be amenable to Fontan-like procedures in the proper age group. All the above
      anatomic considerations have a bearing on the suitability and type of operative
      tricuspid bypass procedures, and they may influence the prognosis of surgical
      therapy.

PMID- 957757
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the superior vena cava. A first case with resection.
AB  - Leiomysarcomas, rare malignant tumors of the veins, are located predominantly in
      the inferior vena cava. We report our experience with a leiomyosarcoma in the
      superior vena cava of a 44-year-old white man. The lesion had been locally
      excised and then recurred 2 1/2 years later. The recurrent tumor was widely
      excised and the superior vena cava was repaired with a saphenous vein patch
      graft. The area of the recurrence was treated with cobalt 60 therapy. Four years
      later, 6 1/2 years after initial treatment, the patient is alive and well without
      evidence of recurrence.

PMID- 957758
TI  - The dynamic aortic root. Its role in aortic valve function.
AB  - By attaching appropriate measuring devices to the wall of an intact aortic root
      at the level of leaflet coaptation, we have measured a 16 per cent diameter
      change during each cardiac cycle. The dimensional changes observed can by
      themselves explain aortic valve function and obviate the postulation that the
      leaflets shorten and lengthen during each cardiac cycle. The tissue composition
      of the aortic root and leaflets is more compatible with this theory than with
      other postulations. Such a dynamic aortic root may explain the longevity of the
      actual aortic leaflets, in that leaflet fatigue stress is minimized by changes in
      aortic root dimension.

PMID- 957759
TI  - Thrombus of inferior vena cava presenting as right atrial tumor.
      Roentgenographic, phonoechocardiographic, angiographic, and surgical findings.
AB  - A large tumor of the right atrium was found to be only the precimal end of a
      bland thrombus of the inferior vena cava. Of special interest were certain
      echocardiographic findings, including persistent delay in closure of the
      tricuspid valve after successful removal of the thrombus.

PMID- 957760
TI  - Pulmonary valve cyst in an adult. Case report.
AB  - A case is described of an asymptomatic woman who had typical findings of mild
      pulmonic stenosis. Right heart catheterization revealed a 44 mm. Hg gradient
      across the pulmonary outflow tract, and a filling defect was discovered by
      angiography. On surgical exploration, the defect was found to be a benign cyst
      attached to the anterior leaflet of the pulmonary valve.

PMID- 957761
TI  - Rapid overdrive pacing of refractory tachyarrhythmias in patients after open
      heart surgery.
AB  - The efficacy of rapid ventricular pacemaker overdrive in the treatment of
      supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias is presented as a new approach
      to the management of these rhythm disorders inpatients after cardiac surgery.
      This mode of therapy is exemplified in the control of heart rate and return of
      normal sinus rhythm in patients with both types of tachyarrhythmias refractory to
      conventional antiarrhythmic agents. In addition, the pathogenesis and mechanisms
      of pacemaker overdrive in termination these rhythm disturbances are delineated.

PMID- 957762
TI  - Quinidine syncope. A report of successful treatment with bretylium tosylate.
AB  - Quinidine syncope is an unpredictable side effect of quinidine administrateion
      which has a mortality rate of 11.5 per cent when managed with conventional drugs
      and direct-current countershock. In 2 patients with quindine syncope, the
      arrhythmias were effectively controlled within 30 minutes following the slow
      infusion of 150 mg. of bretylium tosylate. This control is contrasted with 2
      cases managed in the conventional manner. Bretylium tosylate is a quaternary
      amine with unique antifibrillatory properties and appears to have a significant
      role in the management of these arrhylmias.

PMID- 957763
TI  - Editorial: The mystique of myocardial preservation.

PMID- 957764
TI  - The role of lymphatics in the formation of ascites complicating schistosomal
      hepatic fibrosis.
AB  - The total protein content in plasma, ascitic fluid, thoracic duct lymph, hepatic
      and intestinal lymph was studied in a series of 15 patients suffering from
      schistosomal hepatic fibrosis and intractable ascites. Pure schistosomal cases
      with presinusoidal resistance to portal blood flow have excessive thoracic duct
      lymph low in protein. The main source of such excess lymph is the extra-hepatic
      portal bed. Ascitic fluid in such patients has a low protein content and has the
      character of a transudate. The bulk of such peritoneal fluid seems to originate
      largely from the excess extrahepatic portal lymph.

PMID- 957765
TI  - Percutaneous trans hepatic lymphography: evaluation in schistosomal hepatic
      fibrosis.
AB  - The increased interest in lymph and lymphatics has cast its mantle over the
      portal circulation. Lymphography has contributed greately to our knowledge. In
      the present study percutaneous transhepatic lymphography showed some of the
      factors sharing in the production of portal hypertension in schistosomal hepatic
      fibrosis, and gave a further evidence that the liver is not a source of excess
      lymph production in hepatic lesions associated with presinusoidal block to portal
      blood flow. Hepatic lymphatics were opacified in cases with mixed cirrhosis and
      schistosomal hepatic fibrosis as the sinusoidal pressure is elevated with
      subsequent cases increase in hepatic lymph production.

PMID- 957766
TI  - Cervical lymphato-venous shunt in treatment of ascites in caval-constricted dogs
      and in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Experimental observations and 7 years
      clinical experience.
AB  - In experimental ascites produced by inferior vena caval constriction there is a
      pressure gradient at the thoracic duct-venous junction suggesting a functional
      obstacle to lymph flow. Abdominal fluid and protein are transported mainly by the
      right lymph trunk and not by the thoracic duct. External drainage of the thoracic
      duct or construction of a new, wider thoracic duct-venous anastomosis
      facilitates, however, transport of excess capillary filtrate formed in the liver
      and decreases fluid spillage into the peritoneal cavity. Construction of a
      cervical lymphato-venous anastomosis was attempted in 21 patients, 20 of whom had
      cirrhosis, and the operation was technically successful in 16 cases. Operation
      was helpful in cirrhotic patients with rapid ascites formation, who required less
      frequent abdominal paracenteses operation. The shunt was without benefit in
      prevention of oesophageal varix bleedings, and it should not be attempted in
      patients with icterus and severe deterioration of liver function.

PMID- 957767
TI  - Lymphographical findings in disseminated tuberculosis without radiological lung
      manifestations.
AB  - Lymphographical findings are presented in three patients with verified
      tuberculosis. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was difficult in these patients
      because there were no actual changes in chest radiographs and the clinical
      findings were generally nonspecific. In each patient, lymphographic changes in
      lumbar lymph nodes were established. These changes corresponded to those
      described in the literature in connection with tuberculosis. Thus, the
      lymphographical findings can here be considered to be a further criterion for the
      diagnosis of tuberculosis. Lymphographical follow-up also proved beneficial in
      the follow-up of treatment results in one patient. Suspected tuberculosis, in
      which local findings cannot be made available by other means, can be regarded as
      one of the indications for a lymphography.

PMID- 957768
TI  - Lymphatics of the canine papillary muscles.
AB  - A relatively dense concentration of lymphatics in the region of the papillary
      muscles of the canine left ventricle has been described. It is suggested that
      these channels may play a role in the development of pathologic changes affecting
      the mitral valve apparatus which could subsequently cause valve dysfunction.

PMID- 957769
TI  - The bicuspid nature of the valves of the peripheral collecting lymphatic vessels
      of the dog.
AB  - A controversy presently exists about the structure of lymphatic valves, the
      bicuspid structure vs. the funnel-like architechture. This present study, along
      with a review of the literature was undertaken in an attempt to clarify this
      controversy. Twenty lymphatic valves from the collecting lymphatic channels
      draining the back paw region in four dogs were examined and several were
      photographed. The bicuspid nature and the three dimensional anatomy of these
      valves is clearly demonstrated.

PMID- 957770
TI  - Conformational transitions of polypeptides in ternary solvent systems.
AB  - Phase diagrams for conformational transitions of polypeptides in ternary organic
      solvent systems containing two active and one inert component are calculated for
      a model which takes into account possible interaction of the two active
      components with each other as well as with the polypeptide backbone. The results
      of experimental determinations of conformational transitions and isothermal phase
      boundaries for poly(beta-benzyl L-asparate) (PBA) in three-model solvent systems
      are in generally good accord with the theory. The solvent systems are: (a) 1
      chloropropionic acid-dichloroacetic acid (DCA)-1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE),
      (b) monochloroacetic acid-DCA-TCE, and (c) dimethyl sulfoxide-DCA-TCE.

PMID- 957771
TI  - Monte Carlo calculations on polypeptide chains. IX. A study of the effect of long
      range interactions on the helix-coil transition.
AB  - A Monte Carlo statistical mechanical study of the helix-coil transition for a
      hard-sphere model of poly(L-alanine) has been conducted base on the theory of
      Lifson and Roig but including the effects of long-range interactions. A
      stochastic model of the kinetics of the helix-coil transition is presented, and a
      Monte Carlo stimulation of the kinetics based on this model was used to generate
      equilibrium chain samples, each chain of which consisted of Lifson-Roig weighted
      sequences of helix and coil residues. Each of the chains in this sample was then
      used many times by assigning at random specific sterically allowed coil states
      from a hard-sphere Ramachandran dipeptide map. Unperturbed properties were then
      calculated using this sample and perturbed properties by using only the non-self
      conflicting subset. The properties calculated were the average degree of hydrogen
      bonding, the average length of a helical sequence, the mean-square end-to-end
      distance, the mean-square radius of gyration, and the distribution functions for
      the end-to-end distance and radius of gyration. This study was conducted at chain
      lengths 10, 34, and 85 residues. Helix-coil transition theory was fit to the
      perturbed transition curves in an attempt to ascertain if theory could then
      predict the perturbed values of the dimensions. For the hard-sphere model used in
      these calculations, it was found that current helix-coil transition theory does
      not predict the correct perturbed dimensions.

PMID- 957772
TI  - Mean relaxation times in quasi-elastic light scattering.

PMID- 957773
TI  - The early postprandial dumping syndrome: clinical manifestations and
      pathogenesis.
AB  - Our present concept of the pathogenesis of the early postprandial dumping
      syndrome is well summarized by Jesseph. Resection, division or bypass of the
      sphincter mechanism at the gastric outlet permits rapid passage of hyperosmolar
      material into the upper small intestine. This provides direct stimulation of the
      enterochromaffin (argentaffin) cells in the mucosa, which are highly concentrated
      here. The hyperosmolarity pulls fluid into the intestine resulting in a fall in
      plasma volume and distention of the intestine, further stimulating secretion by
      the argentaffin tissue. The plasma volume per se probably has little, if
      anything, to do with the symptoms produced although the outpouring of
      intravascular fluid into the intestinal lumen probably contributes to intestinal
      hyperperistalsis and the resultant symptoms of intestinal hurry. Although other
      sources are possible, studies to date would indicate that the argentaffin cells
      are the major source of humoral agents. In addition to serotonin, at least one
      vasoactive polypeptide, bradykinin, has been identified. It is likely that others
      are present and pharmacologic therapy will probably not be successful until these
      are more completely identified and characterized. The known biologic effects of
      serotonin and the kinins can certainly account for all the vasomotor and
      gastrointestinal symptoms characterizing the early postprandial dumping syndrome.

PMID- 957774
TI  - Gastric remnant carcinoma.
AB  - Over 1200 cases of carcinoma of the gastric remnant have been reported in the
      literature. There is an increase of this type of carcinoma in postoperative
      stomachs with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The cause and effect
      relationships remain to be fully elucidated. In patients with late
      postgastrectomy symptoms, carcinoma of the gastric remnant should be considered
      in the differential diagnosis. In a study of 350 asymptomatic patients who were
      more than 20 years from Billroth II gastric resection, 14 carcinomas were
      discovered in the region of the stoma. Preoperatively, gross endoscopic
      appearance and multiple biopsies will usually provide the diagnosis. At the time
      of revisional surgery, frozen section of gastric biopsies or the resected
      specimen may be necessary to exclude the diagnosis. At present there is
      widespread interest in several procedures in the treatment of benign ulcer
      disease. In selected patients, proximal gastric vagotomy is receiving particular
      interest. It remains to be determined what, if any, gastric mucosal alterations
      occur. Since the pyloric mechanism is intact, no stoma is created and no portion
      of the stomach resected; long-term followup of these patients will be of
      interest. Information as to the cause of gastric remnant carcinoma can be
      forthcoming only by evaluation of all groups of patients requiring gastric
      surgery for benign disease. At the same time, further investigation of patients
      with gastric carcinoma without prior resection who have atrophic gastritis and
      intestinal metaplasia is also necessary. The histologic type of carcinoma that
      develops in the gastric remnant is usually more favorable for surgical cure than
      those seen in the intact stomach. This means that early diagnosis by radiologic
      and endoscopic study of postgastrectomy patients developing symptoms is highly
      desirable. Because of the long interval between gastrectomy and gastric remnant
      carcinoma these patients are often in the older age group. The location of the
      lesion in the remaining proximal stomach will nearly always require total
      gastrectomy. This plus the age factor means that the operative mortality will be
      rather high. We are unable to explain why in 22 years of observing
      postgastrectomy patients we have seen only one case of gastric remnant carcinoma.
      This patient was successfully treated by left transpleural transdiaphragmatic
      total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. This method is particulary
      easy in the patient who has has an antecolic Billroth II gastrectomy. If the
      jejunum cannot be adequately mobilized through a radial incision extending
      laterally from the esophageal hiatus, we use a peripheral diaphragmatic incision
      in circumferential fashion. This gives excellent exposure of the upper abdominal
      contents and also preserves the phrenic nerve. As a result, ventilatory function
      of the left leaf of the diaphragm is preserved postoperatively.

PMID- 957775
TI  - Postvagotomy diarrhea.

PMID- 957776
TI  - Hematologic abnormalities following gastric resection.
AB  - The anemia observed in patients with partial gastric resection results from a
      complex interrelationship of deficiencies of these three important hematemics
      iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid. Reliance upon morphological evidence of anemia
      in the peripheral blood smear may be difficult and confusing since deficiency of
      one hematemic may mask the coexisting deficiency of another. It is common for
      deficiencies of more than one hematemic to occur in these patients. A number of
      studies have demonstrated the masking effect of iron deficiency on concurrent
      vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. In addition, the morphologic hallmarks of
      iron deficiency may be modified by the presence of deficiencies of either vitamin
      B12 or folate or both. Full hematologic recovery may not occur until more than
      one hematemic is given to the patient. It is our policy at the University of
      Florida to rely on serum levels of these three hematemics, especially vitamin B12
      and iron, to detect the cause of the anemia in a patient with partial gastric
      resection. Less reliance is placed upon the appearance of the peripheral smear
      because of the masking effect described above. If either the serum iron level or
      vitamin B12 level is decreased, we treat the patient with a preparation such as
      ferrous sulfate (300 mg. orally three times a day) and vitamin B12 (100 mug.
      intramuscularly once a month). We are less concerned with folic acid deficiency
      because of its relatively infrequent occurrence in this setting and because a
      good diet will usually suffice as adequate therapy for the folic acid deficiency
      when present. In patients who have had partial gastric resection but who are not
      anemic, we assess vitamin B12 absorption by the conventional vitamin B12 urinary
      excretion test (Schilling test) on a yearly basis since deficiency of this
      hematemic may lead to serious hematologic and neurologic sequelae. If the patient
      manifests decreased vitamin B12 absorption uncorrected by the administration of
      pancreatic extract or antibiotics, this patient is also treated with 100 mug. of
      vitamin B12 intramuscularly on a monthly basis. We have not evaluated the
      absorption of food B12 as suggested by Doscherholmen. Perhaps more attention
      should be paid to this aspect of vitamin B12 absorption in these patients.
      Indeed, because of the serious complications of vitamin B12 deficiency and the
      observations that deficiencies of this vitamin may occur even when the absorption
      of crystalline vitamin B12 is normal in the fasting state (the conventional
      Schilling test), some authors, such as Rygvold, have suggested that prophylactic
      vitamin B12 be administered to all patients with partial gastric resection.

PMID- 957777
TI  - Malabsorption following gastric resection.
AB  - We have tried to stress the complexity of the bacterial ecology that may exist in
      the intestine of patients and experimental animals with small intestinal
      bacterial overgrowth. The multiplicity of organisms often makes the management of
      these patients quite frustrating. A number of metabolic derangements of varying
      severity may occur in any given patient. Although many of the observed
      abnormalities are secondary to disturbed events with the luminal environment of
      the small intestine, the significance of direct damage to the small intestinal
      epithelium has been emphasized. Since intestinal cultures are both cumbersome and
      difficult to perform on a routine basis, the use of labeled substrate breath
      tests will allow guided, outpatient therapy more easily than in the past. Since
      full correction of the malabsorption is seldom achieved with antibiotic therapy,
      nutritional supplementation deserves more attention than it has previously
      received.

PMID- 957778
TI  - The early postprandial dumping syndrome: prevention and treatment.
AB  - The early postprandial dumping syndrome can be prevented or minimized by the
      appropriate selection of the operative procedure to fit the patient and the
      peptic ulcer problem he presents, and by proper attention to diet in the early
      postoperative period. When it does occur, the syndrome usually responds favorably
      to dietary management and tends to spontaneously regress in severity with time.
      For these reasons further surgery is seldom required for the early postprandial
      dumping syndrome. In the patient who fails to improve with diet therapy and time
      and has disabling symptoms often accompanied by progressive malnutrition,
      revisional surgery should be undertaken. It is the objective of the surgeon to
      alter the reconstruction in such a way that emptying from the stomach or gastric
      remnant is delayed. Therefore, the upper small intestine dose not receive a
      large, rapidly introduced hyperosmolar bolus to initiate the release of humoral
      substances causing the syndrome. All revisions utilized are potentially
      ulcerogenic and if vagotomy has not been a part of the original procedure, it
      should routinely be performed at the time of revision. Patients who have
      primarily has a Billroth II gastrectomy will frequently improve markedly with
      simple conversion to a Billroth I reconstruction. This is particularly true when
      the residual stomach is moderately large (i.e., after antrectomy) and when the
      gastrojejunal stoma is larger in diameter than the normal jejunum. Under such
      circumstances approximately 80 per cent of patients will improve sufficiently so
      that a more complex procedure need not be utilized at once. Under all other
      conditions we prefer a 10 cm. segment of reversed jejunum anastomosed proximally
      to the gastric stump and distally to a 40 cm. isoperistaltic Roux-en-Y jejunal
      limb. This procedure is so successful that one can justify its use as first
      recourse even in the anatomically favorable Billroth II patient. It should be
      pointed out emphatically that an isoperistaltic jejunal interposition (Henley
      loop) has little or no effect on the early postprandial dumping syndrome and
      should not be considered. Plicated loops of intestine to recreate a gastric
      reservoir frequently fail to empty satisfactorily and the incidence of
      satisfactory results is too low to consider their utilization in surgical
      treatment of the dumping syndrome.

PMID- 957779
TI  - Complications following gastric surgery in children.
AB  - Although the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease may be difficult in the pediatric
      age group, this problem is being faced increasingly by the physicians charged
      with the care of these children. Chronicity of symptoms has been documented in
      over 50 per cent of the patients demonstrating early peptic ulcers and therefore
      an aggressive approach to management has been advocated. Although the numbers are
      small, postgastrectomy syndromes of mechanical and nutritional nature appear less
      common in the young patient than in adults. Satisfactory growth and development
      are reported in nearly all series of patients followed after various gastric
      procedures. Both pyloroplasty and vagotomy and vagotomy and antrectomy appear to
      be extraordinarily well tolerated by the pediatric patient. Experimental evidence
      suggests that these patients should enjoy normal growth and development.

PMID- 957780
TI  - Principles of diet therapy for postgastrectomy Dumping syndrome.

PMID- 957781
TI  - The late postprandial dumping syndrome.

PMID- 957782
TI  - The afferent loop syndrome.
AB  - The afferent loop syndromes result from obstruction to the afferent jejunal loop.
      Acute ALS results from complete obstruction, usually occurs early after surgery
      and runs a devastatingly lethal course unless promptly treated by reoperation. In
      chronic ALS the obstruction is intermittent and produces a clinical syndrome from
      which a diagnostic histroy can usually be obtained. Although the exact incidence
      is unknown, it is certainly not rare, especially in antecolic Billroth II
      gastrectomies. Treatment consists of doing away with the afferent loop. In
      gastroenterostomy alone takedown of the anastomosis with a Weinberg pyloroplasty
      is the treatment of choice. The safest and simplest treatment for patients whose
      original operation was Billroth II gastrectomy is conversion to a Roux-en-Y
      procedure. In all cases vagotomy should be added unless previously performed. No
      medical treatment is available and patients with no other contraindication should
      have revisional surgery if symptoms are clinically significant. Both acute and
      chronic afferent loop syndromes should be completely prevented by appropriate
      choice of the initial operative procedure. The vagotomized stomach should be
      drained by pyloroplasty, not gastrojejunostomy. Vagotomy and antrectomy should be
      reconstructed with a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy. The Braun enteroanastomosis
      should be utilized after subtotal gastrectomy for carcinoma. The wider
      application of parietal cell vagotomy for duodenal ulcer deserves close
      observation and further consideration.

PMID- 957783
TI  - Alkaline reflux gastritis.
AB  - Any surgical procedure that ablates the pyloric sphincter mechanism permits
      increased reflux of duodenal fluid into the stomach or gastric remnant. Although
      it is reported as most common with Billroth II gastrectomy, our experience
      indicates that reflux is nearly as frequent after Billroth I gastroduodenostomy
      and is not at all infrequent after pyloroplasty. The precise constituents of
      duodenal fluid which damage the gastric mucosa remain controversial. The best
      present evidence is that the bile acids are probably essential, but that one or
      more other constituents of duodenal content are also necessary. The clinical
      history differs significantly from chronic afferent loop syndrome in that the
      quality of pain is different, pain tends to be more continuous and less closely
      related to food-taking, and bile vomiting does not provide dramatic relief, often
      containing food due to coexistent interference with gastric emptying. Diagnosis
      is confirmed by gross endoscopic findings and characteristic histopathologic
      changes in the endoscopic biopsies. Treatment with an interposed isoperistaltic
      jejunal segment has been disappointing. Only four of ten patients experienced
      lasting relief, indicating that the relatively short 10 to 12 cm. of jejunum does
      not adequately prevent duodenogastric reflux. We have, therefore, shifted to the
      Roux-en-Y duodenal diversion implanting the afferent limb 40 cm. caudad to the
      gastrojejunostomy. Results have been excellent in 24 of 25 cases with prompt
      improvement in gastric emptying, absence of bile vomiting, progressive regression
      in abdominal distress and progressive improvement in nutrition. Endoscopic
      evaluation at three to four months has indicated marked gross improvement and
      striking histologic improvement in 23 of 25 cases. The question is raised whether
      the Roux-en-Y reconstruction should not be used primarily, particularly if both
      vagotomy and antrectomy are to be performed for peptic ulcer. Both the afferent
      loop syndrome and alkaline reflux gastritis would be prevented, and it is doubted
      that the incidence of marginal ulcer would increase appreciably.

PMID- 957784
TI  - Alkaline reflux esophagitis.

PMID- 957785
TI  - Delayed gastric emptying.

PMID- 957786
TI  - Recurrent peptic ulceration.

PMID- 957787
TI  - Gastrin and gastric surgery.
AB  - The development of the radioimmunoassay for gastrin has resulted in significant
      increases in our knowledge of the physiology of the stomach and antrum, and in an
      objective recognition of the interaction of the gastrin and vagus mechanisms.
      Recent identification of multiple species of gastrin in the circulation, however,
      raises questions as to the significance of early experimental results. Until the
      various aspects of gastrin and their relative contributions in the normal state
      and in pathologic processes are identified, the significance of gastrin levels in
      the evaluation of patients with uncomplicated ulcer disease is unclear. Although
      many investigators have attempted to correlate changes in serum gastrin levels in
      response to various stimuli with the completeness of vagotomy or the likelihood
      of recurrence, it is too early to give any clinical significance to these
      reports. Several points in particular seem worthy of emphasis: 1. Preoperative
      serum gastrin levels are currently of no value in selecting an operation for the
      treatment of duodenal ulcer disease. 2. The difference in serum gastrin levels in
      response to feeding that may be shown to exist between groups of normal subjects
      and duodenal ulcer patients is not a value in diagnosing ulcer disease in a
      specific patient, nor in differentiating duodenal ulcer from other conditions. 3.
      The measurement of serum gastrin levels in association with Hollander tests,
      while perhaps of potential future benefit, does not improve the accuracy of the
      Hollander test nor do results necessarily relate to vagal innervation. 4.
      Postoperative serum gastrin levels are increased after vagotomy. The degree of
      hypergastrinemia after vagotomy does not correlate with risk of ulcer recurrence.
      5. Hypergastrinemia (greater than 1000 pg. per ml.) in the presence of
      hyperacidity is essentially pathognomonic of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
      Calcium and secretin infusions do not add to the diagnosis if clear-cut clinical
      and laboratory data are present. These differential tests are of value in
      identifying the Zollinger-Ellison patient who has borderline serum gastrin levels
      and in differentiation from the syndrome of the retained antrum. 6. In a patient
      with a recurrent ulcer following surgery in whom a drug-induced ulcer can be
      excluded and gastric outlet obstruction cannot be demonstrated, a serum gastrin
      level may be indicated. A serum gastrin value greater than 300 pg. per ml.
      (normal less than 200 pg. per ml.) in a fasting morning serum sample is
      significantly elevated, even after vagotomy, and warrants further investigation.
      Provocative testing of the gastrin response to calcium and secretin should
      elucidate the etiology of the recurrent ulceration in this type of patient.

PMID- 957788
TI  - Patient resistance and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually considered a disease that will have a
      fatal termination in 1 to 3 years. A prospective study of 100 patients with this
      disorder revealed that 20 of them were living 5 years after the onset of their
      disorder. Review of other published series reveals that patients have been
      reported who lived for longer than 5 years and have then usually been reported as
      atypical cases, although the only way in which they are described as atypical is
      the duration of the disease. It is our assumption, based on these data as well as
      on additional clinical observations, that many patients with amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis live for longer than 5 years and, rarely, they may have remissions of
      their illness. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.

PMID- 957789
TI  - Hemoccult stool tests: false-negative results due to storage of specimens.
AB  - Stoll samples mixed with 0 to 38 mg of hemoglobin per gram of stool were tested
      for occult blood by the Hemoccult (HO) method when fresh and after storage for 1
      to 14 days. The intensity of the HO reaction in fresh stool samples was directly
      related to the hemoglobin concentration, and approximately 8 mg/g was required
      for a positive reaction. After samples had been stored on HO cards for 4 days,
      the intensity of the HO reaction was decidedly less in all. Except at the highest
      concentrations studied, all became HO-negative or trace within 8 days. In
      contrast, samples of most concentrations that were stored in tightly capped
      containers prior to preparation of HO cards maintained a positive reaction
      intensity for 1 week. Nevertheless, the intensity of the HO reaction decreased
      significantly (P less than 0.01) with each method of storage. No false-positives
      were induced by storage during this portion of our study. Samples from 100 stool
      specimens sent to the clinical laboratory for determination of occult blood were
      also smeared on separate HO cards for testing immediately and after 4, 7, or 10
      days of storage. Only one positive HO reaction was observed on an HO card
      prepared from a specimen initially classified as HO-negative. In contrast, up to
      40% of the stored HO cards prepared from specimens initially classified as HO
      positive were HO-negative when analyzed 4 days later.

PMID- 957790
TI  - Total respiratory resistance by forced oscillation in normal subjects.
AB  - Total respiratory resistance (Rrs) was studied by the forced oscillation
      technique at a frequency of 3 cps in 76 normal subjects (36 men, 40 women), ages
      21 to 64 years. Slopes (equivalent to specific conductance) assuming a linear
      relationship with zero intercept between 1/Rrs and thoracic gas volume (TGV) were
      computed. In women, expiratory slopes were significantly less than inspiratory
      slopes; moreover, slopes decreased significantly with height and were
      significantly less in current smokers. For men, there were no consistently
      significant relationships between slopes and phase, age, height, weight, or
      smoking habits. Predicted resistance and estimates of the 5th and 95th
      percentiles of inspiratory, expiratory, and average resistance are presented for
      all men combined and for currently nonsmoking women. The fact that, in contrast
      to men, asymptomatic, current women smokers showed an elevation in Rrs when
      compared to nonsmoking women merits further study.

PMID- 957791
TI  - Vaginal flora in asymptomatic women.
AB  - Four groups of 25 asymptomatic women--pregnant, premenopausal and taking oral
      contraceptives, premenopausal and not taking oral contraceptives, and
      postmenopausal--were studied for the presence in vaginal specimens of aerobic
      bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, herpes simplex virus,
      mycobacteria, and Trichomonas. No significant differences in microbial flora were
      found among the groups.

PMID- 957792
TI  - Midline tilting between seeing and nonseeing areas in hemianopia.
AB  - The line separating the seeing from the nonseeing parts of the visual field was
      found to be tilted away from the expected vertical position in 24 of 200 patients
      diagnosed as having various types of hemianopia, including homonymous hemianopia,
      homonymous quadrant hemianopia, homonymous scotomata, and bitemporal hemianopia.
      The causes of these defects include vascular accidents, trauma, tumor, and
      neurosurgery for convulsive disorders. Once discovered by standard monocular
      field testing methods, the existence of the tilting phenomenon was distinguished
      from testing artifact by employing binocular fixation and red-green glasses along
      with red and green test objects. A difference in the overlapping fields of the
      two eyes was found to exist only in areas where corresponding lines between
      seeing and nonseeing fields were separated by a tilting away from the vertical in
      one or both eyes. This can occur superiorly or inferiorly with homonymous
      scotomata, and in bitemporal hemianopia as well as in homonymous hemianopia or
      quadrant hemianopia. This incongruity of fields is possibly explained by a
      variation in anatomic determination of crossing from noncrossing fibers at the
      level of the retina.

PMID- 957793
TI  - Ricinoleic acid effects on rabbit intestine: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - In fasting rabbits, segments of ileum and colon were perfused with ricinoleic
      acid. This fatty acid is the active principle of castor oil and stimulates
      intestinal fluid secretion. Biopsies taken from perfused segments were examined
      by electron microscopy after staining with lanthanum hydroxide and ruthenium red.
      These stains, which typically bind to extracellular surfaces, were used to assess
      the integrity of junctional zones between cells. In this study, ricinoleate did
      not alter ruthenium or lanthanum staining in junctional areas, a finding
      suggesting that ricinoleate does not cause fluid secretion by selectively
      disrupting these areas.

PMID- 957795
TI  - Treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a new approach, part 2.

PMID- 957794
TI  - Unusual fracture and orthopedic problems.

PMID- 957796
TI  - The Blue Cross and Blue Shield coordinated home care program.

PMID- 957797
TI  - The influenza immunization campaign, 1976.

PMID- 957798
TI  - An exciting new concept: mobile x-ray vans.

PMID- 957799
TI  - The effect of a community mental health center on reducing state hospital
      admissions.

PMID- 957800
TI  - Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization: emergency commitment, regulation D and
      the community.

PMID- 957801
TI  - Hydatidiform mole: case history.

PMID- 957802
TI  - Decreased unscheduled DNA synthesis in nondividing aged WI38 cells.
AB  - The ability of cells from young and old cultures of WI38 human fibroblasts to
      undergo unscheduled DNA synthesis was studied. Following inhibition of semi
      conservative synthesis in media lacking arginine and containing a hydroxyurea
      block, cells were irradiated with u.v. light and repair replication was measured
      by determination of specific activity of DNA and by autoradiography. Unscheduled
      DNA synthetic capacity was significantly reduced in old cultures. Quantitation of
      silver grains revealed that this reduction was a result of decreased repair
      activity by individual cells, which correlated well with a similar decrease in
      the proportion of dividing cells in the population. This observation that
      unscheduled DNA synthesis is reduced in older cells is in apparent contradiction
      to some earlier reports, and the failure of other investigators to identify aging
      changes in repair capacity is discussed in relation to differences in
      experimental procedure.

PMID- 957803
TI  - Ovarian development in athymic nude mice V. The effects of PMSG upon the numbers
      and growth of follicles in the early juvenile ovary.
AB  - The composition and growth patterns of the ovarian follicle population have been
      determined in early juvenile athymic nude mice and their phenotypically normal
      littermates. Nude ovaries contained significantly more primordial follicles and
      fewer trilaminar follicles at 10 days of age. The rate of growth of the oocyte
      nucleolus was significantly less than in control ovaries. Treatment with PMSG
      from days 7 to 9 restored the rate of oocyte nucleolar growth in nudes to control
      levels. PMSG also increased the number of follicles commencing growth in both
      nudes and controls and the differences in the numbers of primordial and
      trilaminar follicles were no longer detectable. The data demonstrate that
      abnormalities in the ovarian follicle population of the nude are detectable as
      early as the 10th day of life and can be reversed by treatment with exogenous
      gonadotrophin. These results are discussed in relation to the role of the thymus
      gland in ovarian development and the competence of the early juvenile ovary to
      respond to gonadotrophin.

PMID- 957804
TI  - A lack of correlation between decline in growth capacity and nuclear RNA
      synthesising activity in ageing human embryo cells in culture.
AB  - A reduced proliferative capacity has been demonstrated between young (passage
      5/24) and middle (passage 17/24) aged human embryo diploid fibroblast cultures.
      This difference was noted in both logarithmically growing and plateau-phase
      cultures in terms of growth curves, DNA content per dish and ability to
      incorporate 3H-thymidine. This reduction in growth potential is not accompanied
      by any reduction in chromatin template activity, determined in nuclear "ghost"
      monolayer, using either the endogenous polymerase or an exogenous bacterial
      enzyme. Therefore the declining division potential as these cells pass from young
      to middle passage is unlikely to occur as an expression of alterations in nuclear
      RNA synthesis. It is, however, possible that the apparently continuous decline in
      growth potential with age might be caused by different events at various stages
      of the cells's lifespan.

PMID- 957805
TI  - Changes in the pattern of RNA synthesis in mouse limb cartilage during early
      development.
AB  - Patterns of RNA synthesis using tritiated uridine were studied in organ cultures
      of mouse embryonic limb cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage from mice 5 days of
      age. The cold phenol-sodium dodecyl sulfate extracted RNA was characterized by
      methylated albumin kieselguhr chromatography and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The general pattern of synthesis indicates the persistence of
      primarily low molecular weight tRNA and a diminishing synthesis of rRNA in the
      older cartilage. Data show that the increased radioactivity in the low molecular
      weight fraction is not due to the accumulation of rRNA breakdown products. These
      findings are discussed in relation to other age-related studies on RNA
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 957807
TI  - Effects of sexual abstinence by men.

PMID- 957806
TI  - Serum parathyroid hormone levels and serum calcium levels from birth to
      senescence.
AB  - 1. Calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were measured in
      sera of 1334 normal subjects ranging from newborn to over 80 years of age.
      Albumin was measured in samples from the population of adults, which was 80%
      white, 15% black and 5% oriental. 2. Serum calcium and iPTH levels in children
      tended to be higher in the first three years of age; no sex differences were
      noted. Values for serum calcium and iPTH were higher in children than in adults.
      3. Serum calcium, iPTH and albumin showed more variation in groups of white,
      black and oriental women than in similar groups of men. In white females the mean
      serum calcium remained fairly constant until age 60, whereas in black women it
      rose steadily from age 20-29 until age 50-59. Serum iPTH levels were lower in
      black women than in white women and usually were not measurable in oriental
      women. 4. In men (white, black and oriental) there was a steady decrease in mean
      serum calcium with age, and iPTH levels were not different from those observed in
      white women. 5. Although the number of samples from oriental women was small, the
      serum calcium was consistently lower and serum albumin was constantly higher than
      in white or black women, and iPTH levels usually were unmeasurable.

PMID- 957808
TI  - Sex and illicit drugs.

PMID- 957809
TI  - Inadequate contraceptive use among sexually active adolescents.

PMID- 957810
TI  - Sexual behavior in schizophrenia.

PMID- 957811
TI  - Urine sodium, potassium and osmolality in two rat strains selected for their
      different ethanol preferences.
AB  - Urine sodium, potassium and osmolality were investigated during water and ethanol
      diuresis in two rat strains, AA and ANA, which drink voluntarily different
      amounts of ethanol. At the start of each experiment the rats were in a positive
      water balance. During ethanol intoxication the AA strain excreted more urine than
      the ANA strain. In ethanol experiments the osmolality of the urine was higher in
      the AA strain than in the ANA strain. With ethanol amounts of 2.4 g/kg body
      weight and 4.8 g/kg of body weight, urinary sodium and potassium output was
      greater in AA rats than ANA rats. When only water was introduced urine volumes
      and the excretion of sodium and potassium during 180 min were greater in ANA
      males than in AA males.

PMID- 957812
TI  - Increased cholesterol content and esterification in rabbit aortic medial cells
      cultured in hyperlipidemic serum.
AB  - Cells of early atherosclerotic lesions have an increased content of cholesteryl
      esters and enhanced rate of cholesterol esterification. The present study was
      carried out to elucidate whether these changes could be reproduced in a purely in
      vitro system. Cultures of rabbit aortic medial cells were incubated in a medium
      containing 10% of either normal rabbit serum (control cells) or serum from
      rabbits with cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemia (hyperlipidemic cells). The
      incorporation rate of [1-14C]oleate into cellular cholesteryl esters increased
      two- to threefold after four hours' incubation with hyperlipidemic serum and
      remained elevated during the rest of the eight days' study. After seven days'
      incubation the hyperlipidemic cells incorporated significantly more (+13%) oleate
      into triglycerides and significantly less (-15%) oleate into phospholipids than
      did the control cells. Cholesteryl ester content of the hyperlipidemic cells rose
      steeply for about two days, with a slower rise thereafter. In hyperlipidemic
      cells the esterified cholesterol content was significantly higher (315 ng/mug
      DNA) than in the control cells (79 ng/mug DNA). Hyperlipidemic cells showed a
      slow but significant rise of free cholesterol as well (from 1.15 mug/mug DNA in
      control to 1.50 mug/mug DNA). The results indicate that lipid changes resembling
      those in early atherosclerotic lesions can be brought about in vitro 0y treatment
      of aortic cells with hyperlipidemic serum.

PMID- 957813
TI  - Molecular turnover numbers of different forms of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase
      in rat.
AB  - Molecular turnover numbers of the different forms of monoamine oxidase in rat
      liver were estimated for serotonin, tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine by
      titration with irreversible inhibitors. The 'A' form was found to have a much
      higher turnover number for serotonin and a lower turnover number for beta
      phenylethylamine than the 'B' form, while the turnover numbers for tyramine were
      in the same order of magnitude for both forms. The monoamine oxidase in the liver
      was found to have a significantly higher molecular turnover for tyramine and beta
      phenylethylamine than that in the brain, heart and kidney. It was calculated that
      the 'A' form of monoamine oxidase amounted to about 20% and the 'B' form to about
      80% of the total amount of monoamine oxidase in the rat liver mitochondrial
      preparation. The number of molecules per mitochondrion was also calculated.

PMID- 957814
TI  - On the visualization of central dopamine and noradrenaline nerve terminals in
      cryostat sections.
AB  - Brain tissue from rats perfused with a mixture of glyoxylic acid and formaldehyde
      was frozen and sectioned in a cryostat. The cryostat sections were incubated in
      glyoxylic acid, dried and reacted with formaldehyde vapor. Using this technique
      cortical noradrenaline and dopamine containing nerve terminals could be
      visualized with high sensitivity in a reproducible way. The importance of several
      critical parameters was evaluated and it was found that the incubation of the
      cryostat sections in glyoxylic acid effectively inhibited the diffusion of
      catecholamines, particularly dopamine. Thus the fixation effect of glyoxylic acid
      was considered important besides the fluorophore formation. This modification of
      the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence technique is rapid, simple and reproducible and
      might be of value especially for quantitative measurements of the fluorescence.

PMID- 957815
TI  - The potential of the teaching hospital for the development of prepaid group
      practices.
AB  - This paper deals with the development of a hospital based prepaid group practice
      at Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center. The paper provides an historical
      perspective of the factors leading to the decision to develop such a Medical
      Group practice, the difficulties encountered in obtaining conceptual approval
      from the Medical Center's Board of Trustees and its medical staff, the
      negotiations between the Medical Center and Blue Cross-Blue Shield of Greater New
      York as the insurance company which agreed to market the program and to subsidize
      it in its developmental stage, factors relating to the contractual negotiations
      between the Medical Center and Blue Cross, the key elements of the negotiated
      contract from the standpoint of the prepaid group, and the nature of the
      subsidies provided to ensure a healthy fiscal beginning. The paper highlights the
      methods used in achieving the desired goals and the development of the Group,
      sets forth the resistance which other, similar hospitals might anticipate in
      undertaking such a venture of their own, and highlights the nature and the degree
      of commitment necessary to bring such a program into being.

PMID- 957816
TI  - Integrating mental health services into primary medical care.
AB  - Primary care clinicians occupy a strategic position in relation to the emotional
      problems of their patients. Integrating mental health and primary medical
      services promotes available, coordinated, accessible, and less stigmatizing
      treatment by recognizing an indivisibility of the total person in illness and in
      health. Federal efforts to encourage Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
      development as part of a national health program prompts serious attention to
      organizational arrangements for developing such an integrated program for medical
      mental health care. We have found a team collaborative model in which mental
      health providers are members of a primary care team to be useful and promising.
      Supportive services are provided on a continuing basis through patterned
      relationships. Shared responsibility for patient care between physicians, nurse
      practitioners, physician assistants, and mental health workers provides built-in
      peer review and encourages intrateam consultation.

PMID- 957817
TI  - Patient knowledge and nurse role strain in three hospital settings.
AB  - The relationship between patient medical and hospital knowledge and nurse role
      strain is examined within three contrasting types of general hospital. The nature
      of this relationship was found to differ greatly within each of the three
      hospitals. Interpretations of these findings focus upon differences in
      organizational structure and climate, staff orientation, and type of clientele
      group. These data suggest that cuation should accompany attempts to generalize
      across different types of hospitals when questions relevant to the patient role
      are posed.

PMID- 957818
TI  - The contractual model for prison health care.
AB  - In New York City, the Department of Health is responsible for providing health
      services to 8 correctional facilities which receive 60,000 admissions annually. A
      large component of this prison health system is a contract with Montefiore
      Hospital, a voluntary institution, to provide medical services to the population
      on Rikers Island, a penal complex. This contractual agreement is unique in that
      an operating entity, Monefiore Hospital, has agreed to provide a "package" of
      health services to a defined prisoner population. The City agreed to reimbruse to
      the Hospital for the three year term of the contract, a total amount not to
      exceed +11.7 million. Because of delays in renovation of the prison facilities,
      for the majority of the period of the three year contract, only two prisons were
      served via the contractual route. Since 1973, the program has provided a range of
      services including screening of new prisoners, primary, emergency, infirmary and
      limited speciality care. Major improvements in laboratory and radiology services
      were implemented. The early experience with this program indicates that in this
      setting the contractual model possesses a number of distinct advantages over the
      direct delivery of prison health services. Disadvantages include a significantly
      higher cost.

PMID- 957819
TI  - Health care for elderly Americans: evaluation of an adult day health care model.
AB  - This study was designed to analyze the cost and effectiveness of a day care
      program for the elderly. An experimental group of adult day care participants was
      compared with a control group of elderly people living in the community. The two
      groups were evaluated in terms of levels of physical and emotional functioning,
      behavioral independence in activities of daily living, institutionalization,
      interpersonal relationships, and re-establishment of life styles. Statistical
      tests of difference were used to determine if the two groups had improved or were
      maintained over the six-month study period (November 1973 to March 1974). The
      experimental group showed improvement and differed significantly from the control
      group in the areas of emotional functioning, self-maintenance, and interpersonal
      relationships. No significant differences were found in satisfaction with life
      styles for either group. The experimental group was somewhat, but not
      significantly, deficient in independence in daily living activities. Composite
      analysis of six combined scales indicated that the experimental group inproved in
      level of functioning over the study period while the control group regressed.
      Cost analysis of the Lexington Center indicates that adult day care services cost
      +12.99 per participant per day.

PMID- 957821
TI  - Letter: Do we need hospitals?

PMID- 957820
TI  - Letter: Assessment of ambulatory care revisited or-- maximizing momentum in
      health services research.

PMID- 957822
TI  - [Hobby activity and death from sniffing].

PMID- 957823
TI  - [Letter: The psychiatrist and psychotherapy].

PMID- 957824
TI  - [Critical evaluation of decisions from the committee for responsibility of
      physicians].

PMID- 957825
TI  - [Course in noise for industrial audiometry personnel].

PMID- 957826
TI  - [The effect of thymus extract on lymphocyte stimulation and experimental
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 957827
TI  - [Cases of child abuse in Malmo 1967-74].

PMID- 957828
TI  - [Patient-physician continuity in outpatient clinics in orthopedic surgery].

PMID- 957829
TI  - [Present possibilities of diagnosis of pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 957830
TI  - [Examination of pancreatic function with test meal].

PMID- 957831
TI  - [Examination of the exocrine function of pancreas after stimulation with secretin
      and CCK].

PMID- 957832
TI  - [Transhepatic cholangiography and angiography].

PMID- 957833
TI  - [Scintigraphy of the pancreas].

PMID- 957834
TI  - [Diagnosis of pancreatic diseases by fine needle biopsy during surgery].

PMID- 957835
TI  - [Dangerous drugs in health food store].

PMID- 957836
TI  - [Certification of incapacity without requisite care].

PMID- 957837
TI  - [The emptying process of the residual stomach after various methods of
      anastomoses (author's transl)].
AB  - Similar to the high pressure zone of the lower esophageal segment (LES) gastric
      emptying results from alternating intraluminal pressure in the antrum, pylorus
      and duodenum. Alterations of this antro-duodenal pressure zone depend on hormonal
      and nervous control mechanisms and are regulated by intraduodenal localized pH-,
      osmo- and fat-receptors. Experimental investigations in partially gastrectomized
      dogs emphasize the important role of the duodenum for gastric emptying. After
      resection of the lower half of the stomach and reconstruction of the orthograde
      passage between the gastric remnant and the duodenum by gastroduodenostomy (b i
      anastomosis), a hormonally controlled gastric emptying comparable to that of the
      intact organ can be noticed.

PMID- 957838
TI  - [The importance of the Musculus canalis ani for continence and anorectal diseases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The functional morphology of the M. canalis ani is described. Hitherto this
      muscle has not been studied in detail. The M. canalis ani is located inside of
      the M. sphincter ani internus and reaches through the spatium submucosum et
      subcutaneum of the analcanal. This muscle is part of a described "organ of
      continence". Its importance in the course of anorectal disease is shown.

PMID- 957839
TI  - [Endoscopical and radiological studies after papillotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - The paper deals with a controlled study concerning 36 patients who underwent
      surgical papillotomy. Cholangiographic examinations were performed by infusion
      and endoscopic retrograde instillation, in ten patients additional percutaneaus
      "blind" biopsy of the liver. Some new remarkable details could be evaluated at
      the papilla Vateri itself as definite anatomic alteration after papillotomy.
      Planimetric studies could be added on special details because of the good x-ray
      contrasts by endoscopic filling of the biliary tract. With some special reserves
      the results after surgical papillotomy in 30 controlled persons can be classified
      as good.

PMID- 957840
TI  - [New method for security by colon anastomoses (author's transl)].
AB  - After examinaning the vascular supply of the parietal peritoneum helved
      peritoneal flaps were fixed in wound dehiscent colon anastomoses. If the vascular
      supply to the peritoneal flap was sufficient all animals survived without signs
      of stenosis. It was proved by microangiographic studies that there was an
      additional vascular supply to the anastomosed colon by the artery of the
      peritoneal flap.

PMID- 957841
TI  - [Postoperative enterocutaneous fistulae of the small gut (author's transl)].
AB  - Postoperative enterocutaneous fistulae are fortunately rate (1 : 1000), but they
      carry a mortality of about 50%. The authors analyse the development and treatment
      of fistulae in 30 patients. This depends on whether the cause of the fistula is
      connected with an anastomosis or not, on a variety of pathologic-anatomical
      criteria and in particular on the amount of fluid lost daily. If this loss is
      less than 500 ml/24 h the fistula can be regarded as relatively benign and in all
      probability conservative treatment alone will succeed. Fistulae with a fluid loss
      of more than 500 ml/24 h have a worse prognosis and require a combined
      conservative and surgical therapy. The key to this problem is the optimal time
      for surgical intervention, it lies around the 4th week. In case an early
      operation is necessary one must be prepared for an enterostomy or by-pass
      procedure.

PMID- 957842
TI  - Histopathologic correlates of otoneurologic manifestations following head trauma.
AB  - The clinical course of patients dying of head trauma and the physiologic
      evaluation of audition in guinea pigs subjected to several forms of head trauma
      are correlated with the histopathologic findings in the brains and temporal
      bones. In the patients there was wide spread hemorrhage, edema, disorganization
      and disruption of neural tissue. Loss of Purkinje cells and other neural elements
      was prominent. The temporal bone findings in the patients included laceration of
      and hemorrhage into the VIIIth nerve as well as bleeding into the scala tympani.
      The membranous labyrinths demonstrated no specific changes secondary to the
      trauma. The guinea pigs developed a central form of hearing loss with elevated
      thresholds for evoked responses from the inferior colliculus and normal AC
      cochlear potentials. In the animals hemorrhage in the substance of the brain,
      necrosis of neural tissue, edema, disorganization and disruption were prominent.
      Although there was extravasation of blood in the tympanic and vestibular scalae,
      the membranous structures of the inner ears were well preserved.

PMID- 957843
TI  - Inner ear decompression sickness.
AB  - With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths,
      inner ear injuries during such exposures have been encountered more frequently
      and noted during several phases of diving: during compression, at stable deep
      depths, with excessive noise exposure in diving, and during decompression. The
      pathophysiology of these injuries differs, depending upon the phase of diving in
      which the injuries occur. In this report, 23 cases of hearing loss, tinnitus,
      and/or vertigo occurring during or shortly after decompression are presented.
      Thirteen of these cases occurred in helium-oxygen dives involving a change to air
      during the latter stages of decompression. A significant correlation is present
      between prompt recompression treatment, relief of symptoms, and lack of residual
      deficits. Current knowledge indicates that the management of otologic
      decompression sickness should include: 1. prompt recompression to at least 99
      feet deeper than the symptom onset depth; 2. recompression using the previous
      helium-oxygen mixture when the injuries occur during or shortly after a switch
      from helium-oxygen to air during the latter stages of decompression; 3. the use
      of parenteral diazepam for symptom relief and cyclic inhalations of oxygen
      enriched treatment gases; and 4. the avoidance of further diving by divers who
      exhibit permanent inner ear injuries after the acute symptoms have subsided.

PMID- 957844
TI  - The knotted wire in stapes surgery: one possible factor in postoperative sensori
      neural hearing loss.
AB  - In four instances of revision stapedectomy in patients with sensori-neural
      hearing loss, with or without dizziness, a wire prosthesis was found with an
      extention beyond the knot which could impinge on the contents of the vestibule.
      Four commercially manufactured knotted wire prostheses were examined, and the end
      of three was found projecting beyond the knot. The wire piercing the membranous
      labyrinth appears to be one of the factors in causing further sensori-neural
      hearing loss after stapedectomy. A wire loop or piston prosthesis should be
      considered to eliminate the hazard of a trailing end of a knotted wire in stapes
      surgery.

PMID- 957845
TI  - Fractures of the edentulous maxilla and mandible.
AB  - An evaluation and treatment of fracture of the edentulous maxilla and/or mandible
      is presented. The Le-Fort classification of maxillary fractures is the foundation
      for the program of care. Immobilization techniques are based upon the support of
      a fracture by suspension from the adjacent stable segments to the modified
      prosthesis. The mandibular fractures are repaired by interosseous wire fixation
      in the body and symphysis region, the other fracture sites are supported by
      circumferential wiring to the prosthesis for immobilization. General principles
      of time of repair, diet, types of healing factors are reviewed.

PMID- 957846
TI  - Cochlear implants: technical and clinical implications.
AB  - Recent investigations using animal models and human subjects have helped to
      define the limits which are achievable in terms of information transfer with
      single-channel electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. These studies are
      reviewed, and presented as a context for a description of the development of an
      implantable multiple-electrode multiplexing system which may provide control for
      several stimulus channels. While such a device may enable the stimulation of
      small segments of the auditory nerve independently, it does not contain any means
      of complex stimulus analysis and recording. This latter aspect of prosthesis
      development remains as the most formidable problem, from a technical viewpoint,
      that stands in the way of any significant progress.

PMID- 957847
TI  - Apnea and airway obstruction during feeding and sleep.
AB  - Recent awareness of the magnitude of sudden unexplained deaths in apparently
      healthy infants has lead to an increased interest in those circumstances that are
      associated with or can elicit prolonged and serious apneic episodes. In the
      present studies, attention was directed toward the study of physiologic activity
      during sleep and feeding. Apneic episodes of varying durations occur during sleep
      which, in some instances, can be of sufficient length to warrant resuscitative
      intervention. A number of infants also reveal transient upper airway obstruction
      following brief periods of sleep apnea. This functional airway obstruction
      produces sudden and severe bradycardia. Similarly, infant feeding can induce
      dangerously prolonged periods of apnea and, in some infants, transient airway
      obstruction. Few detailed studies have been performed to identify the anatomical
      level or characteristics of the obstruction. Available evidence suggests that
      this can take the form either of muscle hypotonicity or hypertonicity. Two
      infants observed by means of direct laryngoscopy revealed transient failure of
      vocal cord abduction. These results have provided for the development of two
      theoretical models that can result in the sudden infant death syndrome;
      furthermore, continuous recordings of respiratory and cardiac activity during
      feeding and sleep can be extremely valuable in elucidating the mechanisms
      responsible for the sudden development of apneic and cyanotic episodes in
      infants.

PMID- 957848
TI  - Cardiac and pulmonary failure secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
AB  - For over 15 years, upper respiratory tract obstruction due to adenotonsillar
      hypertrophy has been known to cause hypoxia, hypercapnia, increased pulmonary
      vascular resistance and thereby cor pulmonale and congestive heart failure. This
      is now an uncommon but not rare entity and three recent cases prompted this
      report. The typical patient is dyspneic with retractions, cyanosis, occasional
      periods of apnea and somnolence. Edema and hepatomegaly and at times splenomegaly
      are common. X-rays show cardiomegaly, which on electrocardiogram is found to
      involved mainly the right ventricle. The strict definition of cor pulmonale is
      right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung disease or abnormal pulmonary
      function, a definition that may logically be stretched to include abnormal
      respiratory function secondary to upper airway pathology. The mechanisms by which
      this occurs are generally agreed upon. Hypoxia has been demonstrated to cause
      pulmonary vasoconstriction. Acidosis and hypercapnia are thought by some to have
      the same effect. Pressure across the pulmonary vascular bed is also increased, as
      predicted by Poiseuille's law, by the high rate of blood flow required to
      maintain tissue oxygenation with poorly oxygenated blood. Conditions producing
      hypoxia of hypercapnia or both lead to hypertrophy and eventually to dilatation
      of the right ventricle. Three cases of children who underwent cardiac
      catheterization while suffering from cor pulmonale due to adenotonsillar
      hypertrophy are reported. Right ventricular pressure averaged 44/5, PAO2 72, pH
      7.32, and PACO2 52. All were clinically improved following adenotonsillectomy.
      Cardiac catheterization was repeated in one case, with right ventricular pressure
      dropping from 44/5 to 21/2, pulmonary vascular resistance from eight units to
      three, and PACO2 from 62 to 44.

PMID- 957849
TI  - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - Endocrine as well as oncologic attributes mark this rare tumor as unique. It is
      derived from "C cells" resembling the parafollicular cells of lower animals;
      these cells elaborate Calcitonin which acts as a sensitive signal of the presence
      of the tumor. Other endocrinopathies are present in 70 percent of cases so that
      the tumor may present as part of a complex but increasing well known clinical
      picture. In 10 percent the tumor occurs as an autosomal dominant trait; in the
      remainder, the occurrence is sporadic. As expected the lesions are "cold" on I131
      scan. The histologic appearance of amyloid is characteristic. Regional lymph node
      metastasis occurs early. The tumor deserves appropriate aggressive management.
      Essentially surgical therapy should begin early and vigorously; the minimum
      procedure should be total thyroidectomy. Frequent lymph node metastasis speaks
      for the need for radical neck dissection which should be extended into the
      superior mediastinum. Management should also include the frequently associated
      endocrinopathies, particularly pheochromocytomas which must be suspected and
      eradicted prior to treatment of the thyroid tumor. A genetic workup should be
      included. Six cases are described, ranging in age from the third to the eighth
      decade. Only two were free of disease at this writing, two were alive with their
      disease and two were dead of their disease. All were of the sporadic group, and
      only one had associated endocrinopathies. None of these cases were diagnosed
      preoperatively.

PMID- 957850
TI  - Pseudomonas meningitis complicating head and neck surgery.
AB  - Three patients, each of whom had Pseudomonas meningitis as a sequela of an
      extensive head and neck operation, have been treated successfully. All three
      patients had cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and operative management of this
      complication is discussed. Antibiotic management included the parenteral
      administration of the recently developed drugs gentamicin, carbenicillin, and
      intrathecal gentamicin. Since extensive head and neck operations are being
      performed, with increasing frequency and since infectious complications are
      inevitable, it is mandatory that the otolaryngologist be familiar with current
      methods of managing these potentially lethal conditions.

PMID- 957851
TI  - Acute acromegalic dyspnea.
AB  - A case of acute "acromegalic dyspnea" due to vocal cord fixation and subglottic
      mucosal hypertrophy is reported. The patient was treated by intubation,
      tracheostomy, stereotactic implantation of radioisotopes 192Ir and 198Au via the
      transsphenoidal route.

PMID- 957852
TI  - Chondrodermatitis helicis: a clinical re-evaluation and pathological review.
AB  - Chondrodermatitis helicis, or painful nodule of the ear, is an uncommon benign
      aural lesion which is seen and treated by dermatologists and otolaryngologists.
      Because of the sparcity of reports in the recent literature, our experience with
      50 patients over a 10-year period is presented. The diagnosis is based on history
      and physical examination and biopsy need be performed only to confirm the
      diagnosis in atypical cases. Patients are generally middle-aged or elderly males.
      There are no associated systemic disorders with this condition. The lesions are
      discrete, grey to red in color, oval shaped with raised rolled edges, and a
      central ulcer or depression which often contains a crust or scale. The lesion is
      typically painful and tender and, for this reason, the patient seeks help shortly
      after the onset of symptoms. The characteristic histopathologic features are
      epithelial hyperplasia, collagen degeneration, focal fibrinoid necrosis, and
      inflammatory components. Clinically, the lesion is misdiagnosed in the majority
      of instances and is presumably, therefore, treated inappropriately. It should be
      stressed that this is a benign condition and initial management should be aimed
      at conservative therapy with local steroid injection or conservative non
      deforming surgery. Wide excision, including removal of the underlying cartilage
      with appropriate reconstrictive closure should be reserved for the conservative
      treatment failures.

PMID- 957853
TI  - The role of cellular degeneration in the normal development of (rat) otocyst.
AB  - From day 12 to 16 of gestation a highly circumscribed zone of cellular
      degeneration has been observed in the otocyst of more than 50 normal rats. This
      zone appears to be produced by selective or programmed cell death, and results in
      the elimination of unneeded cellular elements. That cells in this zone are also
      selectively destroying subcellular organelles as a first step in specialization
      is also discussed. Programmed cellular death has long been known in other systems
      and is often an obligatory companion to cellular specialization. The ear now
      joins the long list of organs which demonstrate this phenomenon.

PMID- 957854
TI  - An experimental model for the study of endolymphatic hydrops in sharks:
      implications for the clinician.
AB  - In recent years, attention has focused on the role of the endolymphatic sac (ELS)
      and the endolymphatic duct (ELD) in the pathogenesis of endolymphatic hydrops
      (ELH). Changes have been noted surgically and radiographically by others in the
      ELS and ELD in patients with ELH. This report summarizes the development of a
      shark model with which to study the pathophysiology of ELH. The background
      material and overall results of anatomic, histopathologic, and ultrastructural
      studies using the model are presented. Possible implications for the clinical
      handling of ELH as a result of this work is emphasized.

PMID- 957855
TI  - Surgical treatment of the ptotic eyebrow.

PMID- 957856
TI  - [Therapeutic study of betadine dermal solution (iodated polyvinylpyrrolidone) in
      29 cases of flexural dermatitis in infants and in 9 cases of impetigo of the
      scalp in children].

PMID- 957857
TI  - [Clinical study of a new anti-arrhythmia agent: nadoxolol].

PMID- 957858
TI  - [Use of tobramycin in an internal medicine and nephrology service].

PMID- 957859
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy using Keforal in stomatology].

PMID- 957860
TI  - [Therapeutic action of dihydroergotamine in venous insufficiency of the legs in
      gynecology and obstrics].

PMID- 957861
TI  - [Orally administered iron in pediatrics (apropos of 50 patients)].

PMID- 957862
TI  - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by anisomycin.

PMID- 957863
TI  - The effect of alpha-tocopherol deficiency on the pharmacokinetics and
      pharmacological effect of barbital.

PMID- 957864
TI  - Sodium excretory response to acute salt loading and induction of adrenal
      regeneration hypertension in Fischer 344 rats.

PMID- 957865
TI  - Decreased blood level of 5-dehydroxytryptamine by inhibitors of the membranal 5
      hydroxytryptamine uptake.

PMID- 957866
TI  - Some properties of hemolymph esterases from Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.

PMID- 957867
TI  - Independent variation of beta-adrenergic receptor binding and catecholamine
      stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat erythrocytes.

PMID- 957868
TI  - Enhancement of euryhaline tolerance of the gastropod Hydrobia ulvae by alien
      catabolic productors.

PMID- 957869
TI  - Polyamines and platelet aggregation.

PMID- 957870
TI  - Studies on nitrosamine metabolism. I. Subcellular distribution of radioactivity
      in tumor-susceptible tissues of RFM mice following administration of
      [14C]dimethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 957871
TI  - Hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia following neurotensin administration.

PMID- 957872
TI  - A comparison of the kinetic properties of mouse brain glutamate decarboxylase
      activities in the mitochondrial and supernatant fractions.

PMID- 957873
TI  - Maturation of beta-adrenergic receptor activity of rabbit aorta and pulmonary
      artery.

PMID- 957874
TI  - Effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on neurotransmitter accumulation and
      release mechanisms in rat forebrain synaptosomes.

PMID- 957875
TI  - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in dogs by neurotensin.

PMID- 957876
TI  - Active efflux of lithium from erythrocytes of manic-depressive subjects.

PMID- 957877
TI  - A codeine radioimmunoassay exhibiting insignificant cross-reactivity with
      morphine.

PMID- 957878
TI  - The effect of cigarette smoke on influenza virus infection: a murine model
      system.

PMID- 957879
TI  - Effect of hepatic nerve stimulation on hepatic uptake of lidocaine in the cat.

PMID- 957880
TI  - Hamster pineal noradrenaline: levels over a regulated lighting period and the
      influence of superior cervical ganglionectomy.

PMID- 957881
TI  - Growth hormone and prolactin release by substance P in rats.

PMID- 957882
TI  - Multimodal distribution of warfarin binding to protein in serum of male-Sprague
      Dawley rats.

PMID- 957883
TI  - Inactivity of enkephaline on human serum esterase.

PMID- 957884
TI  - Alteration by methadone of catecholamine uptake and release in isolated rat
      adrenomedullary storage vesicles.

PMID- 957885
TI  - Formation of 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-beta-carboline and methylene-beta
      phenylethylimine from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and amines in tissues from
      developing rat brain.

PMID- 957886
TI  - Effects of pyrazole on rat liver tryptophan oxygenase.

PMID- 957887
TI  - Phagocytosis of microspheres containing an anticancer agent by tumor cells in
      vitro.

PMID- 957888
TI  - Hamster oocyte maturation in vitro: inhibition by follicular components.

PMID- 957889
TI  - Influence of dieldrin on serotonin turnover and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid
      efflux in mouse brain.

PMID- 957890
TI  - Calcium uptake by isolated intestinal brush border membranes following dietary
      calcium restriction.

PMID- 957891
TI  - Mutagenicity of 5-halodeoxyuridines to diploid human lymphoblasts.

PMID- 957892
TI  - Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): metabolism and subjective effects.

PMID- 957893
TI  - Bronchial circulation: an auto-perfusion method for assessing its vasomotor
      activity and the study of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in the bronchial artery.

PMID- 957894
TI  - Differential effects of pentobarbital and ethanol in mice.

PMID- 957895
TI  - Hepatic utilization of glutamate during the hibernation cycle.

PMID- 957896
TI  - Gamma Aminobutyric acid in different strains of mice. Effect of ethanol.

PMID- 957897
TI  - Dissociation of somatostatin effects. Peptides inhibiting the release of growth
      hormone but not glucagon or insulin in rats.

PMID- 957898
TI  - Uptake of 125I-iododeoxyuridine in mouse organs during deuteration of body water:
      evidence for a thymus-specific effect.

PMID- 957899
TI  - Somatostatin in the physiologic feedback control of thyrotropin secretion.

PMID- 957900
TI  - Behavioral effects of intraventricularly administered vasopressin and vasopressin
      fragments.

PMID- 957901
TI  - Distribution of bicarbonate between blood and cerebrospinal fluid in the neonatal
      rat in metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

PMID- 957902
TI  - A comparison of the effects of decarboxylase inhibitors on L-dopa-induced
      circling behavior and the conversion of dopa to dopamine in the brain.

PMID- 957903
TI  - Interconversion of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in goldfish and rat
      retina.

PMID- 957904
TI  - Morphine-like analgesic effect of a pituitary hormone, beta-lipotropin.

PMID- 957905
TI  - Physiological effects of crude oil exposure in the striped mullet, Mugil
      cephalus.

PMID- 957906
TI  - Further evidence for a possible excitatory serotonergic synapse on raphe neurons
      of pons and lower midbrain.

PMID- 957907
TI  - The effect on growth of feeding supplemental milk or baby food to the suckling
      rat.

PMID- 957908
TI  - Alkaloids of Carnegiea gigantea. Arizonine, a new tetrahydroisoquinoline
      alkaloid.
AB  - The alkaloid composition of the giant cactus, Carnegiea gigantea Br. & R., was
      studied. Chromatographic separation led to the isolation of four
      tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids: carnegine, salsolidine, gigantine and
      arizonine. The structure of the new natural product, arizonine, was establihsed
      by spectroscopic data and total synthesis via two independent routes. Salsolidine
      is reported for the first time in the cacti. Also new to this species are 3
      methoxytyramine and 3,4-dimethoxypenethylamine, which were identified in the
      alkaloid extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Dopamine was isolated
      from fresh plant material.

PMID- 957909
TI  - Alkaloids of Thalictrum. XV. Isolation and identification of the hypotensive
      alkaloids of the root of Thalictrum lucidum.
AB  - Sixteen alkaloids, namely homoaromoline, obaberine, O-methyl-thalicberine,
      oxyberberine, thalidasine, thaliglucinone, thalrugosine, obamegine, oxyacanthine,
      berberine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine, palmatine, thalifendine and
      base A chloride, plus the artifact, 8-trichloromethyldihydroberberine, were
      isolated from the alkaloid fraction of the roots of Thalictrum lucidum L. Of
      these, obamegine, thalrugosine, O-methylthalicberine, thaliglucinone, obaberine
      and homoaromoline were found to possess hypotensive activity in normotensive
      dogs. Thalidasine, homoaromoline, thalrugosine, thaliglucinone, obamegine,
      jatrorrhizine, and columbamine were found to possess antimicrobial activity
      against Mycobacterium smegmatis at a concentration of 100 mug/ml or less.

PMID- 957910
TI  - DIOXINS/*ISOLof West African medicinal plants. XV. Dinklacorine, a new biphenyl
      dibenzodioxin alkaloid from Tiliacora dinklagei.
AB  - Dinklacorine was first isolated in 1974 from extracts of the roots of Tiliacora
      dinklagei Engl. (Menispermaceae) and designated TD-2. The ir, uv and mass spectra
      of dinklacorine were very similar to those of the dibenzodioxin biphenylalkaloid
      tiliacorine. However, the two alkaloids differed in their mp, specific rotation
      and nmr spectra. Methylation of dinklacorine with diazomethane afforded O
      methyltiliacorine while treatment of dinklacorine with sodium methoxide and
      methyl iodide gave O-methyltiliacorine dimethiodide. However, prolonged treatment
      of tiliacorine and dinklacorine with diazoethane afforded different O-ethyl
      ethers. In addition, O-ethyldinklacorine dimethiodide and O-ethyltiliacorne
      dimethiodide were different. Furthermore, acetylation of the two alkaloids with
      acetic anhydride and puridine gave O-macetyl esters which were not identical. A
      considertation to these data and especially the mass spectral fragmentation
      patterns indicated dinklacorine to be a positional isomer of tiliacorine with the
      phenolic hydroxy group present in the biphenyl portion of the molecule on the
      opposite side to tiliacorine. Finally, a comparison of the cd spectra of
      dinklacorine and tiliacorine suggests that they have the same stereochemistry.

PMID- 957911
TI  - Tumor inhibitors. 114. Aloe emodin: antileukemic principle isolated from Rhamnus
      frangula L.
AB  - A systematic fractionation of an ethanol-water (1:1) extract of the seeds of
      Rhamnus frangula L., guided by assays for tumore-inhibitory activity, led to the
      isolation of aloe emodin (1). This compound was found to show significant
      antileukemic activity against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. A note
      worthy vehicle-dependence of the testing results is reported. In the light of
      this vehicle-dependence, the re-examination of other anthraquinone derivatives is
      recommended.

PMID- 957912
TI  - Screening of Chilean plants for anticancer activity. I.
AB  - Extracts prepared from 519 samples of plant material were evaluated for
      anticancer activity against the usual systems. The results of the antitumor
      testing showed that 156 of these extracts gave initial indications of anticancer
      activity in one or more tumor systems. The activity was confirmed in 14 samples.

PMID- 957913
TI  - Steroidal sapogenins from Trigonella occulta.

PMID- 957914
TI  - Ecdysterone and ecdysone from Polypodium virginianum.

PMID- 957915
TI  - A new alkaloid from Erythrophleum couminga.

PMID- 957916
TI  - A note on the isolation and identification of quaternary alkaloids of
      Phellodendron wilsonii.

PMID- 957917
TI  - QUERCETIN/ISOLetyl-7,3',4'-trisulphate from Flaveria bidentis.

PMID- 957918
TI  - Potential anticancer agents. III. Jacaranone, a novel phytoquinoid from Jacaranda
      caucana.

PMID- 957919
TI  - Detection of psilocybin in species of Psilocybe, Panaeolus and Psathyrella.

PMID- 957920
TI  - Antiviral components of Ophiorrhiza mungos. Isolation of camptothecin and 10
      methoxycamptothecin.

PMID- 957921
TI  - Automated short range locator system.
AB  - A computer operated system is described for determining the location of a subject
      fitted with a small sensing coil and telemetry transmitter. The system uses the
      geometric factors inherent in the value of the mutual inductance of a fixed and
      moveable coil. Results of a two-dimensional system are shown.

PMID- 957922
TI  - An electro-acoustical technique for the detection of knee joint noise.
AB  - Distinguishing acoustical signatures of sound emitted by normal and pathological
      knee joints are picked up using a double microphone-differential amplifier setup.
      Extraneous background noise is minimized using the principle of "noise
      cancellation". Two identical sensitive condenser microphones and an F.M. recorder
      with flat responses in the audio range were used. Preliminary studies covering
      normal and diseased knee joints showed that their respective waveforms and
      spectral patterns are unique and proved to be a promising nondestructive
      diagnostic tool for early detection of knee joint cartilage damage.

PMID- 957923
TI  - Editorial: Knowledge, secrecy and freedom -- a true fable.

PMID- 957924
TI  - The effect of external pressure on skin temperature distribution by thermography.
AB  - 1) Serial thermograms were taken after the application of various intensities and
      durations of localized pressure on the medial surface of the human forearm. 2)
      Thermal response of the body surface to localized pressure was quantified. 3) It
      was found that usually a time period of between 1 to 3 minutes elapsed before the
      body surface attained a maximum elevation of temperature from the time the
      localized pressure is removed. 4) It was found that increased intensity of
      pressure (5 psi vs. 3 psi) and longer duration (20 minutes vs. 10 minutes) caused
      larger thermal responses. 5) It is suggested that high resolution medical
      thermography may eventually become a useful tool in the fitting of prosthetic and
      orthotic devices and for the prediction of pressure sores formation so
      prophylactic measures can be started immediately on immobilized patients.

PMID- 957925
TI  - A new biomedical mechanical impedance bridge.
AB  - A system is described which measures directly the driving-point force, velocity
      and complex mechanical impedance of biological, non-biological and viscoelastic
      materials and structures. The system uses a single transducer and is capable of
      measuring the velocity responses to sinusoidal, linear, step and other forcing
      functions.

PMID- 957926
TI  - American College of Sports Medicine position stand on weight loss in wrestlers.

PMID- 957927
TI  - Iowa wrestling study: weight classification systems.
AB  - Many wrestlers lose a large amount of weight in a relatively short period of time
      to become certified for interscholastic competition. In most states, there are
      twelve certified weight classes with intervals ranging from 6 to 18 pounds. Using
      anthropometric data obtained from 834 "average" wrestlers that were measured 5-8
      weeks before competition, we predicted their "minimal" body weights and assigned
      them into arbitrarily designated weight classes of 6, 8 and 10 pound intervals.
      In addition, the 1973-74 and the 1974-75 certifying records for Iowa wrestlers
      were examined with regard to frequency distribution patterns. The results
      indicated that the majority of students were certifying for a weight classes. In
      fast, forty percent of the more than 8900 students were certified for the 119-138
      classes and 57% of the population were located within the 112-145 weight classes.
      Inspection of the frequency distribution patterns of wrestlers assigned to the
      arbitrary classes also showed a marked concentration of wrestlers who weighed
      between 120 and 140 pounds and this relationship became more apparent when ten
      pound intervals were considered. From these findings we recommended that state
      high school associations consider: 1) allowing more than one wrestler per team to
      compete in a single weight class; 2) porviding more weight classes than the
      current twelve; and 3) promoting body composition assessments during the pre
      season period in order to minimize the problems created by the "making of
      weight."

PMID- 957928
TI  - Iowa wrestling study: weight loss and urinary profiles of collegiate wrestlers.
AB  - A longitudinal study was conducted with various members of the 1975 University of
      Iowa NCAA championship wrestling team to determine if excessive weight loss,
      accompanied by signs of dehydration, occurred at the college level of
      competition. Body weight changes from September to December indicated a mean loss
      of 6%, while skinfold totals (6 sites) changed from a mean of 58 mm to 37 mm.
      During a four-month period, mean weight losses of 10.2, 9.5, 8.0, 7.5 and 7.0 lbs
      occurred in intervals of 12, 4, 3, 2 and 1 day, respectively. Basal urines
      analyzed throughout the season usually contained 2-3 times the potassium excreted
      before the season started. Analyses of urines at various intervals during a 2-day
      time period prior to weigh-in showed a .003 increase in specific gravity, 160
      mosm/1 increase in osmolarity, .10 decrease in pH, 45.3 mEq/1 decrease in Na+
      concentration, and a 71.3 mEq/1 increase in K+ concentration which suggested that
      the wrestlers were dehydrated prior to competition. Total urinary electrolyte
      loss during the 2 days amounted to 3.7% of estimated total body Na+ stores and
      3.0% of total body K+ stores. These data were similar to what had been reported
      for Iowa high school finalists and indicated that collegiate wrestlers were also
      competing while in a dehydrated state.

PMID- 957929
TI  - Weight and skinfold thickness changes during a physical training course.
AB  - The effect of an intensive physical training program on body weight and skinfold
      thickness was compared in subjects who had initially small (group S), medium
      (group M) and large (group L) skinfold thickness representing mostly thin, normal
      and obese recruits, respectively. Weight and skinfold thickness at three sites
      (triceps, subscapula and abdomen) were measured at the beginning and end of a 6
      week intensive military training program. Subjects were on an ad-lib diet.
      Seventy-one percent of the subjects in group S increased their body weight and
      60% increased the sum of their skinfold thickness (SSFT) at the three sites
      during the training period. These increases were significant at P less than 0.001
      and P less than 0.01 for weight and SSFT respectively. In groups M and L the
      trends for changes in SSFT were in the opposite direction, with 68% of the former
      and 98% of the latter showing decreases in SSFT. The mean decreases were
      significant at P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.001 for groups M and L
      respectively. While the subjects in group L lost weight significantly (P less
      than 0.001), those in group M reduced their weight only slightly. Our data
      indicate that changes in body fat, indicated by changes in SSFT, during several
      weeks of physical activity are not unidirectional and are related to the initial
      skinfold thickness.

PMID- 957930
TI  - Effect of physical fitness on the adrenocortical response to exercise stress.
AB  - Serum corticosteroid (S.C.) responses were compared in two groups of middle-aged
      male subjects, one sedentary, one active (both N = 11, mean age 44 years), who
      performed graded bicycle ergometer exercise before (pre) and after (post) a 4
      month physical fitness program. Pre-training exercise involved low and high work
      intensities which required similar percentage of predicted Vo2 max for the
      sedentary and active groups. Post-training exercise at identical work loads which
      resulted in lower work intensities due to training effects, was followed by
      increased work loads demanding higher work intensities in order to accommodate
      for the increased work capacity of the respective groups. The sedentary group
      (pre) and the active group (post) showed significant elevations in S.C. during
      high intensity exercise and recovery. The active group had significantly lower
      S.C. during low and high intensity exercise and recovery (pre), and during rest
      and low intensity exercise (post). The sedentary group had significantly lower
      S.C. at identical work loads which resulted in a reduction of relative work
      intensity from pre to post-traing tests. Results suggest both fitness status and
      training effects in the adrenocortical response to exercise stress, although
      psychological factors may be involved.

PMID- 957931
TI  - The effect of saddle height on oxygen consumption during bicycle ergometer work.
AB  - The effect of saddle height upon oxygen consumption during bicycle ergometer work
      was measured. Five subjects were tested on a continuous work protocol from 50
      watts to 200 watts in 25 watt increments at experimental saddle heights of 100%,
      103%, 106%, 109%, and 112% of inside leg length measured from the ischium to the
      floor. Data were recorded on Vo2, Vco2, VE, and heart rate. It was found that Vo2
      progressively increased as saddle height increased; the highest Vo2 occurred at
      the highest experimental setting of 112%; the most effective saddle positions in
      the experiment as measured by lowest Vo2 per unit of work were 100% and 103%; and
      there was no significant difference between the VO2 AT 100% AND 103%. It was
      concluded that in light of our data and earlier data showing power output to be
      maximized at 104% (by our measurement method), the saddle height of choice should
      be approximately 103% to 104% of leg length. A convenient and objective method
      for setting seat height is presented.

PMID- 957932
TI  - Trend analysis of the % VO2 max-HR regression.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to mathematically model the regression of percent of
      maximal oxygen consumption (% VO2 max) on relative (% of max) heart rate (HR).
      The 26 subjects (Ss) were classified based on activity levels into high, medium,
      and low-fitness. Each S performed a series of treadmill walks and runs ranging
      from 30 to 100% of max VO2. Percent of VO2 max and relative HR were determined
      during each exercise bout. The data were subjected to a trend analysis utilizing
      multiple regression techniques. The associated Rs were: linear 0.966, quadratic
      0.971, cubic 0.971, and quartic 0.977. The second and fourth order terms
      statistically accounted for more of the variability than their predecessors, but
      these differences were not of practical significance. There were no statistically
      significant differences among the fitness subgroup regression slopes or
      intercepts for any of the sets of regression equations. The bivariate equation
      was Y = 1.369-X-40.99 (Y = % VO2 max and X=relative HR) with a standard error of
      the estimate of 5.67 % VO2 max.

PMID- 957933
TI  - The validity of self-perceptions regarding physical and athletic ability.
AB  - High school males (N = 109) and junior high school males (N = 112) administered
      the Physical Estimation and Attraction Scales (PEAS), the Tennessee Self-Concept
      Scale (TSCS), and a physical fitness battery. Previous research results were
      replicated in the h.s. group in that fitness and self-esteem were not
      significantly related but Estimation (of physical ability) correlated
      significantly with both fitness and self-esteem (p less than .01). Similar
      results were obtained in the jr. h.s. sample. Additionally, the validity of the
      Estimation (EST) scale was extended to include significant relationships with
      indices of emotional adjustment other than self-esteem. EST scores were shown to
      be influenced to significant but not inordinate degree by certain response bias
      tendencies. Negatively phrased EST items were denied significantly more often
      than positive EST items were affirmed and were more highly related to both
      response bias and emotional adjustment scores. Controlling for response bias
      influence by partial correlation failed to extinguish the significance of EST
      validating relationships. It was concluded that these relationships exist
      independently of response style or response set.

PMID- 957934
TI  - Degenerative hip disease in adolescent athletes.
AB  - The effect of conducted training begun at an early age on the femoral head tilt
      was studied in male adolescent competitive sportsmen and physical education
      students. The control group consisted of army recruits. The femoral head tilt
      proved to be smaller in both sportsmen and physical education students when
      compared with the control subjects. The results suggest that sports activities
      started at an early age would not contribute to epiphysiolysis and through that
      to later development of osteoarthritis in the hip joint.

PMID- 957935
TI  - Turf-toe: a shoe-surface related football injury.
AB  - Plantar capsule-ligament sprain of the great toe metatarsophalangeal joint,
      herein referred to as "turf-toe," is discussed with emphasis on two apparantly
      predisposing factors, playing surface hardness and shoe stiffness. Surface
      hardness studies have previously been performed by the authors on natural grass
      and AstroTurf. A study of football shoe flexibility is presented and the results
      correlated with the occurrence of turftoe. We have not encountered this entity in
      players wearing relatively stiff conventional seven posted football shoes or the
      more flexible soccer style shoe on natural grass fields. We have found it to be a
      not uncommon injury among players wearning the soccer style shoe on AstroTurf.

PMID- 957936
TI  - A cinematographic analysis of overground and treadmill running by males and
      females.
AB  - Cinematography was used to biomechanically compare individually selected
      overground jogging and running velocities with equated treadmill jogging and
      running by adult males and females. All subjects were regular joggers but not
      competitive track or cross-country runners. No significant differences were
      recorded in stride length, stride rate, support time or non-support time for
      males or females when jogging at velocities of between 3.33 and 4.78 m/s (x =
      3.70) or 3.45 and 4.80 m/s (x=3.97) respectively. However, it was demonstrated
      that at velocities of 4.82 - 6.2 m/s for males (x - 5.41) and 4.85 - 5.76 m/s for
      females (x = 5.29) significant differences did occur between overground and
      treadmill running. For both males and females stride length decreased, stride
      rate increased, and the period of non-support was also significantly less when
      running on a treadmill as compared to running overground.

PMID- 957937
TI  - Forces and duration of impact, and grip tightness during the tennis stroke.
AB  - The present study is concerned with the problem of the most desirable grip
      tightness during and after the impact phaseeof the tennis stroke. Moreover,
      impact forces and durations for different ball velocities are also investigated.
      Three series of experiments were conducted in order to obtain information on
      impact forces and durations, responses of the racket to impacts for loose and
      tight grips, and the magnitudes of the vibrations of the racket transferred to
      the hand in actual strokes. The experimental results were found to be in
      accordance with the predictions of a mathematical model of the system racket
      hand. A simpler model, which neglects bending and possible translations of the
      racket, turns out to be inadequate for the present purpose. It is found that a
      tight grip increases both the impulse imparted on the ball and hence the power of
      the stroke, and the vibrational shocks which must be absorbed by the hand. The
      contrary holds true for a loose grip. An investigation on a top-class player
      revealed that he uses a tight grip in all his strokes. The possibility of a
      connection between grip tightness during and after the impact phase and the
      occurrence of the well-known "tennis elbow" is also discussed. Avoidance of the
      impact recoil was found to be impossible.

PMID- 957938
TI  - Muscle fiber composition and enzyme activities of elite distance runners.
AB  - Muscle biopsies were obtained from the gastrocnemius of 14 elite distance
      runners, 18 middle distance runners, and 19 untrained men. The middle distance
      runners were all highly trained, but had significantly slower performance times
      than the elite runners at distances greater than 3 miles. Fiber composition and
      mean cross-sectional areas were determined from muscle sections incubated for
      histochemical activity. A portion of the specimen was used to determine succinate
      dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LD/Y and phosphorylase activities.
      All subjects were tested for maximal oxygen uptake on a treadmill. As previously
      demonstrated by others, the elite runners' muscles were characterized by a high
      percentage (79%) of slow twitch (ST) fibers. On the average, the crosssectional
      area of their ST fibers was found to be 22% larger than the FT fibers (P less
      than 0.05). SDH activity of whole muscle homogenates from elicte and middle
      distance runners was 3.4- and 2.8- fold greater, respectively, than that measured
      in the untrained men. Since the LDH and phosphorylase activities were similar for
      the runners and untrained men, it appears that training for distance running has
      little influence on the enzymes of glycogenolysis.

PMID- 957939
TI  - A rational approach to cervical disk lesions and spondylosis.

PMID- 957941
TI  - The diagnosis of difficult dermatologic disorders.

PMID- 957940
TI  - Is the child mentally retarded... or psychotic?

PMID- 957942
TI  - Test-taking techniques--tips to help you score better.

PMID- 957943
TI  - Two minutes with diabetes.

PMID- 957944
TI  - Which patient had the most serious murmur?

PMID- 957945
TI  - A quick review of prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities.

PMID- 957946
TI  - Malpractice decisions you should know about. When special nursing is required.

PMID- 957947
TI  - Unresponsive anemias--approach and management.

PMID- 957948
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: how the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents work.

PMID- 957949
TI  - How we handle fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 957950
TI  - How you can help patients with physical ailments to a better sex life.

PMID- 957951
TI  - [Intensive care in internal medicine: poisoning].

PMID- 957952
TI  - [Assessment of psychoses in insurance medicine].

PMID- 957953
TI  - [Azathioprine-induced icterus].

PMID- 957954
TI  - [Clinical significance of exfolative cytology of the stomach].

PMID- 957955
TI  - [Gastrin liberation by calcium-containing antacids].

PMID- 957956
TI  - [Long term study of kidney function in rabbits following unilateral kidney
      traumas].

PMID- 957957
TI  - [Intra- and extracellular electrolyte concentration in experimental hemodialysis
      in animals].

PMID- 957958
TI  - [Modern infusion therapy. 4. Disorders of magnesium balance.  Pathophysiology,
      diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 957959
TI  - [Change of symptoms in migraine].

PMID- 957960
TI  - [Inhibition of collagen-induced thrombocyte aggregation in vivo and in vitro with
      special reference to acetylsalicylic acid].

PMID- 957961
TI  - [Experimental thrombosis and treatment with acetylsalicylic acid in animals].

PMID- 957962
TI  - [How does acetylsalicylic acid act as an aggregation inhibitor?].

PMID- 957963
TI  - [The effect of fendilin-hydrochloride (Sensit) in the ergometric test in patients
      with coronary disease].

PMID- 957964
TI  - [Peripheral circulatory disorder in the treatment of migraine with ergotamine].

PMID- 957965
TI  - [Paraquat and diquat poisoning. Toxicologic findings and new therapeutic
      possibilities].

PMID- 957966
TI  - [Kala-azar following vacation at the Mediterranean].

PMID- 957967
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis--hemochromatosis].

PMID- 957968
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of silicosis and multiple pulmonary metastases from
      papillary thyroid gland carcinoma].

PMID- 957969
TI  - [Unusual roentgen symptoms in renal pelvic carcinoma following retrograde
      pyelography with thorotrast].

PMID- 957970
TI  - [Guyon's tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 957971
TI  - [Team work--how does it work?].

PMID- 957972
TI  - [Expert opinion on neuroses].

PMID- 957973
TI  - [Radiotherapy of cancer of the cervix].

PMID- 957974
TI  - [Carcinoma in situ of the cervix in women under age 30].

PMID- 957975
TI  - [Teamwork--how does it work].

PMID- 957976
TI  - [Impedance cardiography for the evaluation of various conditions of hydratation.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 957977
TI  - [Early diagnosis of the aortic arch syndrome using simple procedures].

PMID- 957978
TI  - [A new way in the treatment of migraine. Evaluation of a field study].

PMID- 957979
TI  - [Manual treatment of the spine].

PMID- 957980
TI  - [Environment and bronchial cancer].

PMID- 957981
TI  - [Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma simulating acute supparatine thyroiditis].

PMID- 957982
TI  - [Development, principle and progress of diagnosis using gastrophotography].

PMID- 957983
TI  - [Modern infusion-therapy. 5. Calcium metabolism disorders--pathophysiology,
      diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 957984
TI  - [Experience with the prostaglandin-induction before and at term of labor].

PMID- 957985
TI  - [Pancytopenia following combination treatment with allopurinol and azathioprine].

PMID- 957986
TI  - [Educational status and blood donation].

PMID- 957987
TI  - [The hematogenous oeteomyelitis in childhood].

PMID- 957988
TI  - [Pelvic fractures within the scope of multiple injuries].

PMID- 957989
TI  - [Diabetic polyneuritis].

PMID- 957990
TI  - [The normal vascular wall and transport phenomena].

PMID- 957991
TI  - [Methods in the diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodules].

PMID- 957992
TI  - [Modern infusion therapy. 6. Disorders of the acid-base equilibrium.
      Pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 957993
TI  - [Contraindications for the use of copper T intrauterine pessaries].

PMID- 957994
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy in combination with pharmacodynamic dosage of corticosteroid
      derivatives].

PMID- 957995
TI  - [The consumption of drugs, tobacco and alcohol among the grammar-school students
      in Mannheim. A representative inquiry at the grammar-schools in Mannheim and
      Buchen/Odenwald].

PMID- 957996
TI  - Chronic meningitis.

PMID- 957997
TI  - Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis.

PMID- 957998
TI  - Covert anticoagulant ingestion: study of 25 patients and review of world
      literature.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with covert ingestion of oral anticoagulant drugs were
      studied. Most of the patients were women who were either connected with the
      medical profession or were previously treated with antigoagulants. The most
      common findings were ecchymoses, hematuria, and a markedly prolonged prothrombin
      time. The anticoagulant drug was identified in the plasma of all 25 patients.
      Most patients responded promptly to administration of vitamin K1. The most common
      motives were malingering and suicide. The world literature was reviewed for
      covert ingestion of oral anticoagulant drugs and 48 other cases were found. The
      correct diagnosis is important to focus the physician's attention on the
      psychiatric rather than the somatic aspects of the disorder.

PMID- 957999
TI  - The extra-intestinal complications of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a
      study of 700 patients.
AB  - The records of a series of 700 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 498 with
      Crohn's disease and 202 with ulcerative colitis, have been analyzed to determine
      the relative incidence and characteristic features of their extra-intestinal
      manifestations. The group with Crohn's disease included 62 with colitis, 223 with
      ileocolitis, and 213 with regional enteritis. A consideration of the clinical
      patterns and an understanding of their pathophysiology suggested a subdivision
      into two main groups: one "colitis related" and one related to the
      pathophysiology of the small nonspecific third group. Group A, colitis related,
      comprises joint, skin, mouth, and eye disease. The complications might be
      immunologically determined, were closely associated with active inflammation, and
      often responded to medical or surgical treatment of the underlying bowel disease.
      They occurred in 36% of the entire series of patients: joints were involved in
      23%, skin in 15%, and mouth and eye each in 4%. Pyoderma gangrenosum was observed
      most often in ulcerative colitis and erythema nodosum most often in granulomatous
      colitis. The incidence of Group A complications was higher in disease involving
      the colon (42%) than in disease restricted exclusively to the small bowel (23%).
      There were interrelationships among the various members of Group A, with multiple
      manifestations occurring in a third of affected patients. Group B, related to
      small bowel pathophysiology, includes malabsorption, gallstones, kidney stones,
      and non-calculous hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Disorders in this group were
      generally related to the severity of the disease in the small bowel and tended to
      persist even in the absence of active inflammation. In contrast to Group A, this
      group occurred most frequently in small bowel disease, and least in colonic
      disease. Malabsorption was virtually confined to the patients with small bowel
      disease (10% incidence), while gallstones and renal stones were also both more
      frequent in Crohn's disease (11% and 9% respectively), the latter usually in
      association with small bowel resection or ileostomy. Group C, found in a small
      percentage of patients, consists of nonspecific complications, including
      osteoporosis (3%), liver disease (5%), peptic ulcer (10%), and amyloidosis (1%).

PMID- 958000
TI  - Foreign medical graduates employed in state and county mental hospitals.

PMID- 958001
TI  - Improvement of growth hormone response to stimulation in primary aldosteronism
      with correction of potassium deficiency.
AB  - Potassium depletion frequently occurs in primary aldosteronism and has been
      implicated as the cause of the impaired carbohydrate tolerance frequently
      associated with this syndrome. Glucose, insulin, and growth hormone regulation
      were studied in a 42-yr-old, male patient with an aldosterone-secreting adenoma
      when the patient was potassium-depleted and again after potassium repletion.
      Potassium repletion was documented by serial body potassium measurements, with an
      increase in body potassium from 2400 mEq to 2850 mEq after 400 mg spironolactone
      and 80 mEq supplemental potassium chloride were administered daily for 7 days.
      Potassium repletion resulted in improvement of the patient's glucose tolerance
      test, with a decrease in the peak glucose level from 184 mg/100ml to 130 mg/100ml
      and an increase in the peak insulin level from 46 muU/ml to 85 muU/ml.
      Intravenous administration of arginine resulted in a subnormal insulin response
      of 28 muU/ml in the base-line test and an increase to 59 muU/ml after potassium
      stores were repleted. Growth hormone response to arginine infusion was also
      initially minimal at 12.5 ng/ml, increasing markedly to 26 ng/ml after potassium
      replenishment. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia resulted in a depressed growth
      hormone response of 8 ng/ml when the patient was potassium-deficient, but a
      normal response of 30 ng/ml after potassium repletion. These observations
      demonstrate that impairment of both insulin and growth hormone responses to
      stimulation occur in primary aldosteronism with potassium depletion. These
      abnormalities may be reversed by potassium repletion.

PMID- 958002
TI  - Mechanism of action of phenethylbiguanide (phenformin) in man. III.
      interrelationship between ethanol and phenethylibiguanide (PBG) in normal and
      diabetic subjects.
AB  - A standard 4-hr ethanol infusion (236 mg/min) after a 3-day fast with and without
      phenformin (25 mg q.i.d.), with blood drawn every hour for 8 hr, was performed on
      five normal subjects, eight obese nondiabetics, seven obese chemical diabetics,
      and four nonobese diabetics. Control infusion induced in all subjects a decline
      in blood sugar levels during and/or after the alcohol challenge, with a parallel
      decrease in basal plasma insulin. Hypoglycemia and the decrease in insulin
      secretion were associated with increased plasma free fatty acid concentration.
      Addition of phenethylbiguanide (PBG) to the preparatory 3-day fast resulted in a
      greater drop in the blood glucose levels of the normal control subjects, obese
      and nonobese diabetics; in the obese nondiabetics, however, significantly lower
      degree of blood glucose decrease than control was elicited. Furthermore, obese
      nondiabetics altered their blood glucose-insulin interaction with apparent
      increased responsivess of the B cells of PBG. The results suggest that effects of
      phenformin on blood glucose levels are more dependent on the metabolic state of
      the patient than on a property of the drug itself.

PMID- 958003
TI  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
AB  - Using a modification of the fluorometric method of Anton and Sayre, we have
      measured the plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in
      patients with thyroid dysfunction. There was no significant difference in plasma
      E in hyperthyroid or hypothyroid subjects, the values being similar to those
      observed in normal subjects. There was a striking relationship between age and
      plasma NE in the euthyroid individuals (r = 0.685, p less than 0.001, n = 41).
      Observed plasma NE concentrations were similar in control subjects (21.05 +/- 1.6
      ng/100 ml; mean +/- SEM) and hyperthyroid patients (22.33+/- 2.0 ng/100 ml).
      However, plasma NE was significantly increased in hypothyroidism (35.46 +/- 3.9
      ng/100 ml; p less than 0.01) and remained statistically different when the age
      factor was excluded (31.31 +/- 2.67 ng/100 ml; p less than 0.025). There was no
      correlation between plasma NE and serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), or
      triiodothyronine (T3), in any of the three groups studied. These data indicate
      that hyperthyroidism is accompanied by normal plasma NE concentrations and that
      hypothyroidism is associated with significantly increased plasma NE
      concentrations, possible in an attempt to compensate for the lack of thyroid
      hormones.

PMID- 958004
TI  - Studies on obesity. III. effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on thyroglobulin
      autoantibodies in euthyroid obese subjects.
AB  - Effect of T3 therapy on tanned red cell agglutinating thyroglobulin (TRC-TG)
      antibodies in 10 obese subjects without apparent thyroid disease was
      investigated. Six other obese subjects without thyroid dysfunction and of
      approximately the same mean age who also had circulating TRC-TG antibodies served
      as control subjects and were untreated. In vitro thyroid tests (TSH, total and
      free T4) performed before T3 therapy, as well as clinical examination, showed
      thyroid function to be normal in all subjects, and there was no evidence of
      thyroiditis. TRC-TG antibodies were present in low to moderate titers of 40-1280
      in control subjects as well as in subjects selected for T3 treatment. Therapy
      with T3 was started at 50 mug/day and gradually increased to a maximum of 250
      mug/day, depending on clinical needs. T3-treated as well as untreated obese
      control subjects were all maintained on a high protein, low fat, low carbohydrate
      diet. Duration of T3 therapy varied from 2-8 mo, and in all but one T3-treated
      subject, TRC-TG antibodies completely disappeared. In the one exceptional case,
      TRC-TG antibody titer decreased from 1280 to 80 after 7 mo of therapy. In non-T3
      treated obese control subjects, antibody titers remained at the same levels
      throughout the observation period, thereby indicating a lack of spontaneous
      regression of circulating immune response. Therapy with T3, by inhibiting TSH,
      may have caused regression of inapparent immunologic thyroid lesion, thus leading
      to the disappearance of circulating TRC antibodies; alternatively, T3
      specifically may have accelerated catabolism of thyroid antibodies. The latter
      possibility is favored in the absence of clinical and laboratory evidence of
      thyroiditis in T3-treated subjects.

PMID- 958005
TI  - Control of calcium absorption: effect of sodium chloride loading and depletion.
AB  - In six out of eight patients with normal parathyroid function and in two subjects
      with hypoparathyroidism, sodium chloride loading was shown to increase calcium
      absorption as measured by the 47Ca absorption test. Although no significant
      change was seen in the renal and fecal excretion of calcium, a slight decrease in
      total serum calcium did occur with increased sodium intake. The change in calcium
      absorption was not accompanied by a detectable change in calcium balance.
      Therefore, a compensatory change in gastrointestinal calcium secretion must have
      occurred. Sodium intake has an effect on calcium in the gastrointestinal tract,
      which is independent of parathyroid hormone. Sodium intake should be considered
      when results of studies of calcium metabolism are compared.

PMID- 958006
TI  - SARI: a user-oriented data bank system for medical applications.

PMID- 958007
TI  - A microfilm-oriented central archive for patient records in a large patient care
      installation.

PMID- 958008
TI  - Development of a decision guide--optimal discriminators for meningitis as
      determined by statistical analysis.

PMID- 958009
TI  - [Three dimensional presentation of EEG-spectra, calculated by segments,(author's
      transl)].

PMID- 958010
TI  - Distribution of variables extracted from spectral EEG-analysis.

PMID- 958011
TI  - Fit of a Rayleigh distribution on censored data--study of atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 958012
TI  - Problem-directed interactive transaction management in medical systems.

PMID- 958013
TI  - [Data processing in an anti-epileptic clinic (author's transl)].

PMID- 958014
TI  - Automatic summarising of live-long medical histories.

PMID- 958015
TI  - Automatic indexing of German language surgical pathology diagnoses.

PMID- 958016
TI  - Clinical algorithms for cancer chemotherapy--systems for community-based
      consultant-extenders and oncology centers.

PMID- 958017
TI  - Scaling clinical symptoms by testing for multivariate point-axial symmetry.

PMID- 958018
TI  - An application of a non-parametric procedure to test experimental effects on more
      than one dependent variable.

PMID- 958019
TI  - A brighter future.

PMID- 958020
TI  - Law: mental health rights of children.

PMID- 958021
TI  - Editorial: Compassio medici.

PMID- 958022
TI  - Changing attitudes of medical teachers towards medical education.
AB  - If medical education is to improve, this is largely dependent upon the attitudes
      of clinical teachers towards their own teaching and their students' learning. The
      aims and objectives of our workshop method of medical teacher training therefore
      includes some in the affective domain. Based on the theory of cognitive
      dissonance the experience-linked practical problem solving approach of the
      workshop encourages behaviour change, presuming this to cause 'attitude change'.
      Testing by means of a specially constructed and validated Likert-type attitude
      scale shows that attitudes do improve significantly and consistently over the 5
      days of our workshops. A follow-up study shows these effects to be maintained and
      taken back to the participants' own medical schools.

PMID- 958023
TI  - A comparative study of teachers' attitudes in the teaching of undergraduate
      medical students.
AB  - Senior staff of the departments of medicine, surgery and general practice in each
      medical school in the United Kingdom were asked to annotate the same case studies
      which had been prepared by medical students. Analysis of the annotations showed
      that general practitioners demanded much greater consideration by the student of
      the patient, his family and his environment, whereas physicians and surgeons
      tended to be more disease orientated. Nevertheless, expectations and attitudes of
      teachers in similar departments are remarkably diverse and this highlighted the
      potential role of the case study as an educational tool for staff and students
      alike. Many departments need to clarify the difference between undergraduate and
      postgraduate teaching objectives.

PMID- 958024
TI  - The organization of a postgraduate training course for medical advisers in the
      pharmaceutical industry.
AB  - A postgraduate training and education course for physicians working in the field
      of pharmaceutical medicine is described. The course proved welcome and acceptable
      to the participants and provided valuable experience for the organizers. The
      scientific content and information gained in organizing the course have been
      incorporated in the planning of a postgraduate diploma course in pharmaceutical
      medicine.

PMID- 958025
TI  - Preclinical students' views on knowing cancer diagnosis: a data-based class
      exercise.
AB  - One way of tackling the problems of demonstrating the relevance of psychology to
      medical practice as well as to medically-inexperienced preclinical students is to
      elicit their views on topical issues and present them with a comparison of their
      own data and any available in the medical literature. In a survey of preclinical
      students' views on being told their diagnosis and prognosis in the hypothetical
      case of cancer, high agreement in the proportions wanting to be or not to be told
      was found between the responses of students and a sample of cancer patients
      reported by Kelly & Friesen (1950). The exercise served to demonstrate that the
      'to tell or not to tell' debate is one in which students can also be involved.

PMID- 958026
TI  - Instruction on death and dying for the medical student.
AB  - With instruction on death and dying beginning to be included in the curricula of
      many medical schools and the likelihood that this development will spread, it is
      timely to examine the best ways in which the subject can be taught. The most
      important need at this stage is the creation of objectives. Nine objectives have
      been briefly outlined which have either been reported on by teachers in the field
      or which seem to be pertinent to death education. The focus on objectives rests
      on the premise that the format and content of courses will follow largely from
      the goals that are selected. Questions of who should teach death and dying, when
      it should be taught and what format should be used, are discussed.

PMID- 958027
TI  - Career decisions by medical students: a profile from India.

PMID- 958028
TI  - Migration of Baroda medical graduates, 1949--72.
AB  - 1. The migration of doctors from Medical College, Baroda, is studied in detail.
      2. From 1949 to 1972, 584 doctors migrated to other countries and only twenty
      nine doctors have returned so far. The incidence of migration is to the extent of
      39-75%. 3. Among those who migrated 77-7% have gone to U.S.A. and 11-7% have gone
      to the U.K. 4. Ninety-four women graduates out of 241 passed prior to 1971 are
      abroad.. 5. The majority migrate for better and more comfortable living
      conditions. A small number migrate for better research facilities and
      encouragement. Those who are denied the opportunity of a post-graduate training
      also migrate. 6. Migration of doctors, though universal, is disturbingly high in
      India and a major cause of concern to the government and the educationist.

PMID- 958029
TI  - Performance of women medical graduates from Medical College, Baroda, 1949--74.
AB  - Women account for 15% of the total admissions in medicine. 271 women have
      graduated from Medical College, Baroda in 25 years. The examination results are
      better in women than in men. Obstetrics and gynaecology is the most common
      speciality selected by women. Job satisfaction is found in 87% of women.
      Unmarried women account for 15%, 66% have married a doctor and 19% are married to
      non-medical spouse. Emigration is to the extent of 39%.

PMID- 958030
TI  - Married women doctors' training and re-employment schemes in the West Midlands
      Region, with particular reference to psychiatry.
AB  - The response of one region to the Department of Health and Social Security
      recommendations on re-employment of women doctors contained in H.M. 69(6) is
      described. In many specialities there has been an encouraging return of married
      women doctors to medical practice within the hospital service. In the field of
      psychiatry the experience in a local sub-regional training scheme suggests that
      graduates of a high calibre can be attracted back to this speciality on a part
      time basis for training; the training has been acceptable for full qualification
      and the examination success rate is high; part-time appointments, including
      senior registrar and consultant posts, can be obtained; it would not appear that
      training need, in the first instance, be confined to those people working in a
      main teaching centre; the satisfactory resolution of any conflict between
      trainees' domestic and professional commitments is important, as is a flexible
      approach to the individual professional needs of the trainees. Such schemes
      appear to tap a valuable source of potential manpower which higherto has not been
      fully utilized.

PMID- 958031
TI  - Constructing a new course for undergraduate teaching of general practice.
AB  - This paper outlines in Part I the method used to analyse and re-define a set of
      educational objectives on which a new course of teaching of general practice in
      the later clinical years is based. Part II describes the course, the learning
      methods, behavioural attainments and the techniques of evaluation to be
      implemented. A year was spent on the exercise by a group which comprised the
      professorial head, consultant senior lecturer and a senior registrar tutor from
      the Department of General Practice, Queen's University, Belfast, and a consultant
      educationalist, a senior lecturer, Department of Education, of the same
      University.

PMID- 958032
TI  - General practice teaching--within the hospital.
AB  - A programme of integrated teaching by consultants and general practitioners is
      described. The teaching took place in the hospitals used for the purpose by the
      Medical Faculty of the University of Birmingham.

PMID- 958033
TI  - Recruitment in radiotherapy.

PMID- 958034
TI  - Self-instruction through reading: the Keller plan.

PMID- 958035
TI  - Folate deficiency and neurological disorders in adults.
AB  - The restless legs syndrome could represent a folate responsive disorder in both
      patients with acquired-folate deficiency and those with familial symptomatology.
      Patients with acquired folate-deficiency could be divided into two subgroups. (i)
      those with minor neurological signs (restless legs syndrome, vibration sense
      impairment and tactile hypoesthesia in both legs with diminished ankle jerks and
      a prolonged or assymetrical Achilles-reflex time) and (ii) those with major
      neurological signs (subacute combined degeneration with or without neuropathies).
      In some of these patients the classical triad of the malabsorption syndrome is
      replaced by another triad, constipation, abnormal jejunal biopsy and abnormal d
      xylose absorption. A low folic serum acid level could induce minor
      neuropsychiatric symptoms while an additional low CSF folate could induce major
      neurological symptoms in spite of the presence of a normal erythrocyte folate
      level and in the absence of frank anemia. Possible further studies are described.

PMID- 958036
TI  - Fluid exchanges through capillary walls: a modification of the Starling
      hypothesis.
AB  - In textbooks of physiology it is usually stated that fluids are extravasated from
      the arterial ends of capillaries, because, there, the outward transmural pressure
      of the blood exceeds its net inward osmotic pressure. At the venous ends,
      however, the position is reversed. The fluids are, therefore, reabsorbed. Inthis
      paper it is argued that this is not a true picture of what must really happen.
      For, having once become equal there is no reason why the pressures should ever
      cease to be so. Instead, fluids are absorbed at exactly that rate which just
      keeps pace with falling hydraulic pressure, as the blood proceeds along the
      capillary loop. Moreover, the forces are indeed shown to be equal at the extreme
      venous ends of the capillaries. It is further argued that, though this mechanism
      might operate anywhere in the horizontal position, it could not possibly work in
      the feet of a standing man. For here the hydraulic blood pressure everywhere
      greatly exceeds the osmotic pressure of plasma proteins. An addition to
      Starling's hypothesis is therefore suggested to adapt it to dependent tissues. An
      experiment by which the validity of this addition might be tested is described.

PMID- 958037
TI  - Is there a protein ligase?
AB  - Results obtained from experiments dealing with mammalian, bacterial, phage and
      mitochondrial protein biosynthesis as well as certain enzymatically performed
      amino acid replacement studies on Kunitz trypsin inhibitor strongly suggest that
      protein ligation may be occuring in vivo. Amino acid substitution experiments
      prove the reversibility of endopeptidase reactions, and protein ligation is the
      reverse of endopeptidase reaction. These experiments are discussed in detail and
      the suggestion is made that ligation may also be useful in the repair of certain
      essential proteins which may become damaged.

PMID- 958038
TI  - Biological function of ascorbic acid and the pathogenesis of scurvy: a working
      hypothesis.
AB  - This communication advances the proposal that all the diverse manifestations of
      scurvy can be attributed to depolymerisation of ground substance
      glycosaminoglycans brought about by exposure to uninhibited cellular
      hyaluronidase. It suggests that ascorbic acid exerts its prime biological
      function indirectly by incorporation into a glycosaminoglycan residue to form the
      physiological hyaluronidase inhibitor. The therapeutic implications of this
      working hypothesis are briefly discussed.

PMID- 958039
TI  - Clinical method is all wrong.
AB  - Two models of diagnostic clinical behaviour are studied: the conventional in
      which data gathering precedes interpretation, and the sequential in which each
      item is evaluated as it is acquired and incorporated into decision making,
      usually of binary type. The second model is proposed as that more closely related
      to the reality of clinical practice and also as potentially more capable of
      exploiting intellectual resources and creating logistic economies.

PMID- 958040
TI  - The fear of science.

PMID- 958041
TI  - Editorial: 'Motion of the heart'.

PMID- 958042
TI  - Endocardial electrograms and pacemaker sensing.
AB  - Endocardial electrograms in 77 acute cases (at time of pacemaker implant) and 56
      chronic cases (at time of pulse generator replacement, with electrodes in service
      for at least 6 months) were recorded. The peak-to-peak voltage and rate of rise,
      or slew rate, were compared acutely and chronically. Both parameters must
      simultaneously exceed given thresholds to trigger the sensing circuits of
      implantable pacemakers. The average chronic slew rate was half the average acute
      value. The maximum slew rate and voltage swing occur during the intrinsic
      deflection as a virtually straight line segment of the electrogram. The findings
      are consistent with the predictions of a mathematical model for genesis of the
      electrogram, and also with a model for explaining acute-to-chronic changes in
      stimulation current thresholds.

PMID- 958043
TI  - Hydrogen-induced microelectronic capacitor failure in pacemakers.
AB  - Ceramic chip capacitors used in hybrid microelectronics for cardiac pacemakers
      are usually highly reliable. However, under certain conditions of capacitor
      construction, capacitor materials, mounting techniques, and environmental
      conditions, high failure rates may occur. A specific example is presented in
      which a ceramic capacitor used in an implanted pacemaker delaminated and failed
      approximately 30 days after being implanted. The failed capacitor caused a pulse
      rate rise, but due to circuit design techniques, the rate increase was limited to
      an acceptable value. The capacitor that failed was from an isolated lot of
      capacitors that was manufactured using pure palladium plates. The circuit
      containing this capacitor was hermetically sealed within a titanium case by
      welding. During the welding, a small amount of hydrogen was released from the
      titanium which, over a period of 2 to 4 weeks, was absorbed by the palladium
      plates in the capacitor. By absorbing the hydrogen, the palladium plates exhibit
      a volumetric expansion of sufficient magnitude to crack and delaminate the
      capacitor to the point of failure. Subsequently, the recurrence of this failure
      mode has been avoided by using capacitors containing special palladium alloys
      that cannot absorb hydrogen. This phenomenon is of interest to pacemaker
      designers since mercury batteries used in conventional pacemakers generate large
      amounts of hydrogen and potentially may be responsible for complications when
      used in conjunction with capacitors containing palladium.

PMID- 958044
TI  - A diameter-independent blood flow measurement technique.
AB  - A phase difference technique for measuring true volume flow rate has been
      developed. The concept utilizes the phase difference from unequal transit times
      between bursts of ultrasonic energy transmitted simultaneously against and with
      the blood flow. A theoretical analysis reveals that the volume flow rate
      sensitivity (V/ml/sec) for a point crystal illumination pattern directed
      diagonally through the center of the vessel is a function of the inverse of the
      diameter. But an illumination pattern orientated perpendicularly to the vessel
      axis, which spans the entire diameter of the vessel, yields a volume flow rate
      sensitivity independent of the diameter. Line illumination, in contrast to point
      illumination, does not require the vessel diameter to be measured in order to
      establish the sensitivity factor, and a change in diameter does not alter the
      sensitivity factor. Line illumination has a considerable advantage when used on
      small vessels in which the ratio of wall thickness to the lumen diameter is large
      and is often variable.

PMID- 958045
TI  - Semi-invasive method for instantaneous and phasic measurement of arterial blood
      pressure.
AB  - A method for the instantaneous and phasic measurement of arterial blood pressure
      that eliminates the necessity of entry of the artery is described. This is
      accomplished with a miniature strain gauge transducer enclosed within a plastic
      cuff which is positioned around the artery. The device is suitable for monitoring
      arterial pressure in seriously ill patients and for chronic measurements of
      pressure in untrained and unanesthetized laboratory animals. The system was found
      to be stable, and recorded pressures were virtually identical to those measured
      intra-arterially with a catheter-tip micromanometer.

PMID- 958046
TI  - Oxygen tension monitoring with cutaneous electrodes in adults.

PMID- 958047
TI  - A newly developed therapeutic surgical and cardiac intensive care monitor.
AB  - A computerized intensive care monitor patterned after a clinical system operating
      at the University of Alabama has been developed. The system, which has been
      operating in an intensive care unit since February 1973, is equipped with
      conventional bedside biomedical instrumentation, special-purpose devices, and
      keyboard/display terminals interfaced with a minicomputer. Measurement of vital
      parameters as well as the automatic infusion of blood controlled by the computer
      in a closed loop feedback mode is available. Communication with the computer via
      the bedside terminals permits the display and retrieval of clinical data, entry
      of blood gas measurements and pressure limits for blood infusion, the revision of
      measurement status, and the control of the computer in measuring cardiac output.
      The administration of blood and intravenous fluid may be achieved under computer
      or manual option.

PMID- 958048
TI  - How medical device legislation will affect health care professionals.

PMID- 958049
TI  - The Institute for Medical Research Diamond jubilee.

PMID- 958050
TI  - Human placental lactogen physiological role in pregnancy.

PMID- 958052
TI  - Medical certification of cause of death in peninsular Malaysia.

PMID- 958051
TI  - Thrombo-embolism in pregnancy.

PMID- 958054
TI  - Double contrast barium investigation.

PMID- 958053
TI  - Electronystagmography (ENG.) as an aid to diagnosis of intracranial lesions.

PMID- 958055
TI  - Ectopic nasal tooth.

PMID- 958056
TI  - Glottic and subglottic stenosis following intubation during surgery.

PMID- 958057
TI  - That was the year that was.

PMID- 958059
TI  - Editorial: Why unicorns?

PMID- 958058
TI  - Editorial: Recertification.

PMID- 958060
TI  - Editorial: Domiciliary midwifery.

PMID- 958061
TI  - A prospective evaluation of open prefrontal leucotomy.
AB  - Forty-three patients received an open prefrontal leucotomy for severe and
      intractable psychiatric illnesses. As a result of the operation three patients
      died, three developed personality changes and one had repeated grand-mal
      seizures. Of the 40 patients followed up for six months, 57-5% showed marked
      improvement in their clinical state and 30-0% mild to moderate degrees of
      improvement whilst no patient's condition was considered to be worse. Significant
      improvement was obtained after operation in the mean scores on the Hamilton
      Anxiety Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Scale and the
      Neuroticism Scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Extroversion, as measured
      by the Eysenck Personality Inventory, was significantly increased after
      operation. It is recommended that open prefrontal leucotomy procedures be
      replaced by the safer stereotactic or electrode implantation techniques and that
      all psychosurgery be confined to specialist units.

PMID- 958062
TI  - An analysis of 340 cases of syphilis diagnosed in the laboratory in six months in
      1973.
AB  - Between July and December, 1973, 340 new cases of syphilis previously unknown to
      the laboratory were diagnosed on the results of serological tests. The male
      female ratio was 2-5 : 1. Homosexually acquired infections accounted for 34-3% of
      cases of syphilis in males. The cases were grouped into primary, secondary,
      latent and late stages of syphilis according to history, clinical signs and
      serological test results. Cases in each stage were subdivided into age groups.
      Primary and secondary syphilis (that is, the early infectious stages) occurred in
      56 males and 23 females under 29 years of age. In 41 of the males (73-2%) this
      infection was homosexually acquired. The figures from this analysis show similar
      trends to those available in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 958063
TI  - Radioimmunoassay as an improved method for measurement of serum levels of
      gentamicin.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay is described for the measurement of serum concentrations of
      gentamicin. This radioimmunoassay is more rapid, more specific and more accurate
      than microbiological assays. Knowledge of serum levels of gentamicin assists the
      clinician in regulating drug dosage to obtain an optimal therapeutic effect, and
      yet avoid toxic serum levels.

PMID- 958064
TI  - Vasectomy.
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients who underwent vasectomy were followed up over a period
      of two years, and were subjected to a questionnaire, and the results were
      analysed. The technique for vasectomy is described and a few modifications are
      suggested, so that there is a reasonable chance of reversing the operation if
      need be. Special emphasis has been placed on the poorly understood medicolegal
      implications of vasectomy.

PMID- 958065
TI  - Microsporum nanum infection in South Australia.
AB  - Two cases of human ringworm caused by the dermatophyte Microsporum nanum are
      reported from South Australia. M. nanum is the commonest cause of ringworm in
      pigs and is known to cause porcine infections in Australia. This report shows the
      value of mycological investigations in determining the possible source of such
      infections.

PMID- 958066
TI  - Finance and fertility: the effects of heavy taxation on the birth rate.
AB  - Increasing taxation since World War II has been a factor in reducing the marriage
      rate and consequently the birth rate in Australia, as a result of raising the
      cost of living indicated by the retail price index. Taxation has increased
      enormously though the population has not.

PMID- 958067
TI  - Methadone blockade in the treatment of opiate addiction: a follow-up study.
AB  - This paper describes methadone blockade treatment of 50 opiate addicts. At follow
      up, 36 patients were traced and interviewed. Results show that 89% of the 36
      patients cooperated with the treatment programme, 88% had no new criminal
      convictions and 75% remained drug-free, apart from taking methadone during the
      follow-up period (mean, 12-5 months). Five of the 36 patients were free of all
      drug addictions, including methadone.

PMID- 958068
TI  - Diabetes insipidus treated by DDAVP.
AB  - The symptomatic treatment of diabetes insipidus with pitressin is well known and
      very effective. The only problem concerns the type of pitressin to be used. In
      the past, pitressin snuff and various other intranasal instillations have been
      used, but these either have not been very effective, or have resulted in
      unpleasant side effects such as rhinitis. Until recently, the only effective form
      of the drug available in Australia has been pitressin tannate in oil. This often
      has to be given as a daily injection, which, like all intramuscular injections,
      is painful and, being in an oily base, is particularly likely to result in
      abscess formation. The recent introduction of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin
      (DDAVP), which can be simply instilled into the nostril, appears to present an
      advance in therapy.

PMID- 958069
TI  - Letter: Unforeseen clinicoanatomical correlation in the brain detected by
      computerized tomography.

PMID- 958070
TI  - Letter: Airborne lead: a pollution hazard?

PMID- 958072
TI  - Editorial: Cannabis and road accidents.

PMID- 958071
TI  - Letter: Tranquillizers in general practice.

PMID- 958073
TI  - Editorial: Childbirth Education Association (Australia).

PMID- 958074
TI  - Editorial: Rubella vaccine--the risk to the fetus.

PMID- 958075
TI  - A commercial weight-reducing organization: a critical analysis.
AB  - A statistical analysis of the records of a commercial weight-reducing
      organization shows weight loss rates higher than those achieved by non-commercial
      weight reduction organizations and most medical trials, with 25.9% of women
      losing more than 9kg and 22% reaching goal weights. A reducing diet, aided by
      financial incentives and supportive group pressures, is suggested as the basis
      for these results.

PMID- 958076
TI  - Gallbladder rupture, an isolated seat belt injury.
AB  - This report  describes a patient who suffered free intraperitoneal perforation of
      a previously normal gallbladder as an isolated abdominal injury from seat belt
      compression. It is postulated that a  prerequisite for such an injury is
      distension of the gallbladder with bile. Alcohol ingestion in the fasting state
      is likely to produce  such a situation.

PMID- 958077
TI  - Thrombosis-perspective on a major side effect of oral contraceptives.
AB  - Evidence from retrospective studies suggests that the risk of thrombosis is
      related to the dose of  oestrogen in oral contraceptives. Postoperative
      thrombosis is four  times more likely to occur if oral contraceptives containing
      oestrogen are used  before a major surgical procedure. Older women who smoke are
      at greater risk, especially when the surgery is performed during the winter
      months. It is recommended that barrier methods of contraception (condom or
      vaginal diaphragm) be employed during the six weeks before an elective major
      surgical procedure or that a progestogen-only pill be used in place of a combined
      or sequential oral contraceptive for this period of time.

PMID- 958078
TI  - Rural Greeks and illness: an anthropologist's viewpoint.
AB  - Traditionally, the ill in Greece are supported by kin and neighbors, who often
      provide diagnosis, medication and the social support required by an invalid. In
      Australia, the Greek patient is likely to be faced with impersonal efficiency
      rather than the highly personalized sympathy he is used to. The absence of
      supporting kin and friends may combine with lack of familiarity in the Australian
      system to make illness in Australia an extremely anxious experience, perhaps much
      more anxious than it should ever be.

PMID- 958079
TI  - Comparative results of an obesity clinic and a commercial weight-reducing
      organization.
AB  - Members of a commercial weight-reducing organization achieved, on average, almost
      double the weight loss of patients attending an obestiy clinic, where an
      extensive regime of drugs and other therapies was offered. It is suggested that
      medical expertise could be used to supplement the benefits for patients attending
      community groups, rather than in the individual treatment of obesity.

PMID- 958080
TI  - Letter: Cautionary and advisory labels.

PMID- 958081
TI  - Letter: Adjustable gravity traction board.

PMID- 958083
TI  - Editorial: Diabetic diets--a reassessment.

PMID- 958082
TI  - Letter: Early diagnosis and management of deafness.

PMID- 958084
TI  - Editorial: Diagnostic x-ray examination in pregnancy.

PMID- 958085
TI  - Hexachlorophene emulsions and antiseptic skin care of newborn infants.
AB  - This paper reviews 81,756 live births and 858 infant deaths occurring during the
      years 1959 to 1969. Sixty-three instances of central nervous system vacuolation
      are reported. Prematurity is shown to be a necessary prerequisite for central
      nervous system vacuolation to occur during routine antiseptic skin care of
      newborn infants with 3% hexachlorophene emulsions. Hyperbilirubinaemia is a
      contributory factor in such premature infants. Long-term clinical follow-up
      studies show that, should central nervous system vacuolation occur in premature
      infants, there is no resultant detriment to their immediate clinical progress and
      physical and neurological development. Normal newborn infants weighing more than
      2,000 g do not develop such central nervous system vacuolation during routine
      antiseptic skin care. The writers conclude that there is no rationale for
      regulations to restrict the use of 3% hexachlorophene emulsions in routine
      antiseptic skin care of normal newborn infants and that the benefits of such use
      far outweigh any possible risks from central nervous system vacuolation.

PMID- 958086
TI  - Some problems in diagnosis and management of spinal tuberculosis.
AB  - In Victoria spinal tuberculosis is now rare in childhood. Some features of the
      disease in adults are described. A paravertebral abscess, although a late feature
      of the disease, is commonly present before a diagnosis is made. Antituberculosis
      drug therapy has greatly altered the pattern of healing of both the bone lesion
      and, in contrast to the era before chemotherapy, the healing of the abscess is no
      longer the dominant factor in the healing of the bone lesion. The controversy
      about radical surgery is discussed.

PMID- 958087
TI  - Brief psychotherapy techniques for the practising doctor.

PMID- 958088
TI  - Causes and clinical aspects of postoperative recurrent peptic ulcer.
AB  - General practitioners as well as surgeons should be aware that there is a high
      recurrence rate after the "standard" operation (vagotomy and pyloroplasty) for
      duodenal ulcer. Recognition of recurrence is much delayed. The much lower
      recurrence rate, with similar morbidity and mortality rates, after vagotomy and
      antrectomy, make this the operation of choice at present. The high overall
      recurrence rate, the not inconsiderable operative morbidity and occasional
      mortality, and the high postoperative morbidity rate for peptic ulcer surgery
      indicate that such surgery is not to be undertaken without positive indications,
      such as the presence of complications. An operation undertaken solely because an
      ulcer recurs within, say, two years can no longer be justified.

PMID- 958089
TI  - Diet in the management of diabetes. Why diet the diabetic?

PMID- 958090
TI  - Diet in the management of diabetes. Why restrict carbohydrate.

PMID- 958091
TI  - Diet in the management of diabetes. Why restrict dietary fat and protein?

PMID- 958092
TI  - Diet in the management of diabetes. Why have special diabetic foods?

PMID- 958093
TI  - Diet in the management of diabetes. Diabetic portion sizes.

PMID- 958094
TI  - Letter: Accidental sodium nitrite ingestion.

PMID- 958095
TI  - [Self-inflicted injuries by injecting contaminated solutions through the chest
      wall (author's transl)].
AB  - In the case of three prisoners, we observed the results of their attempt to
      induce an infection of the pleura and lungs by injecting themselves through the
      chest wall with a contaminated substance in order that they might be transferred
      to a sanatorium. Traces of the solution they had administered, which among other
      substances contained faeces, were found in the chest wall, in the pleural and
      subphrenic area, in the lungs and in the liver. The self-inflicted injuries
      described, led in the case of one of the prisoners to his death following a
      subphrenic abscess, a necrosis and abscess of the liver, septic shock and
      respiratory insufficiency. The clinically recognizable results of the injection
      only set in after a period of latency of several days. In one case there were
      still traces of stool in the liver 24 days after its initial introduction.

PMID- 958096
TI  - [Development of a decentralized health care system among the Shuahara Indians in
      Ecuador].

PMID- 958097
TI  - [Folic acid absorption in tropical enteropathy (author's transl)].
AB  - Folic acid absoprtion was measured in 45 patients before and after folic acid
      treatment by means of a folate tolerance test in serum and red-blood-cell-folate.
      10 healthy men recently returned from the tropics volunteered as controls. There
      is no significant difference in the folate-tolerance tests in serum. The
      difference is significant however in the red-blood-cell-folate, which is markedly
      lower with the patients before treatment and raises after folate-treatment to the
      normal value of the control group. As the transport of folic acid in the mucosa
      follows two steps it is taken that the disturbance is localized in the hydrolysis
      of polyglutamate to monoglutamate-folic acid.

PMID- 958098
TI  - [The problem of "professional courtesy"].

PMID- 958099
TI  - [Haemolytic anaemia and acute renal failure associated with cephalothin and
      furosemide therapy (author's transl)].
AB  - A case report is presented of a 79 year old patient with a bilateral
      brochopneumonia. Four days after beginning the therapy with cephalothin and
      furosemide an acute renal failure appeared and six days later a haemolytic
      anaemia was observed. The modificated Coombs test was positive. The post mortem
      histiological examination of the kidneys revealed cloudy swelling, necrosis of
      tubuli, containing protein cylinders ("chromoproteid kidney").

PMID- 958100
TI  - [Hemorrhage caused by thrombocytopathies: new aspect of treatment (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Hemorrhage due to thrombocytopathies can in most cases be stopped by application
      of the homologous coagulation-active phospholipide complex Fibraccel, as shown in
      a study in which 78 patients suffering from various thrombocytopathies were
      checked. This effect is especially important in patients with
      immunothrombocytopathies which do not permit any thrombocyte substitution.
      Recalcification time and thromboelastogram should be normalised during Fibraccel
      treatment. In existing extravascular coagulation Fibraccel treatment is
      contraindicated, especially in cases of inadequate protection by heparin.

PMID- 958102
TI  - [False behavior of the addicts].

PMID- 958101
TI  - [Consumption coagulopathy in a case of cystic spleen (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of a 65-year old female patient is reported, dealing with consumption
      coagulopathy and secondary hyperfibrinolysis due to cystic spleen. Following
      treatment with heparin, antifibrinolytic agents and replacement of clotting
      factors prior to surgery, the patient attained a satisfactory condition to be
      operated on. After removal of the cystic spleen, which was interspersed with
      massive hemorrhages, blood coagulation returned to normal quickly and
      continuously. The pathogenesis of consumption coagulopathy in relation to cystic
      spleen is discussed and it is referred to the pathomechanism of similar blood
      disorders in hemangiomatous and cavernous lesions of Kasabach-Merritt-syndrome,
      Klippel-Trenaunay-syndrome and pachymeningeosis haemorrhagica interna.

PMID- 958103
TI  - [Professional secrecy of the physician in public hospitals. 1].

PMID- 958104
TI  - [Liver diseases from the viewpoint of laboratory findings].

PMID- 958105
TI  - [Investigations of the mode action of buformin using a 3H-labelled glucose in
      people with a healthy metabolism (author's transl)].
AB  - In a total of 13 volunteers the changes in carbohydrate metabolism was
      investigated after administration of prednisolone, of buformin, and of a
      combination of prednisolone and buformin using 3H-labelled glucose. Under steady
      state-conditions the glucose-turnover was estimated. Although, the changes of
      glucose assimilation of labelled and unlabelled glucose was observed to see the
      magnitude of glucose utilisation and of gluconeogenesis. It was concluded that
      biguanides enhance the glucose utilisation. Depending on the glucose level at the
      same time the gluconeogenesis is stimulated or inhibited.

PMID- 958106
TI  - [Lactic acidosis and biguanid therapy (author's transl)].
AB  - Ten case histories of patients with lactic acidosis and biguanide therapy are
      presented. 6 patients received phenformin, 4 buformin. The symptomatology was
      characterized by somnolence or unconsciousness with hyperventilation, renal
      insufficiency, signs of infection occasionally with detection of gram negative
      rods and in later stages circulatory insufficiency with high central venous
      pressure. Glucose, insulin, bicarbonate, dialysis, antibiotics and katecholamines
      were the therapeutic measurements. It is the proposal of this communication to
      call attention again to the potential toxicity of biguanids which makes necessary
      the strict observation of contraindications.

PMID- 958107
TI  - [Metabolism of phenylbutazone in the liver (author's transl)].
AB  - The object of the investigation was to study the capacity of the liver to
      metabolize drugs under diversified conditions (cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholestasis
      in alcoholics, in diabetics as well as in eplieptics treated with barbiturates)
      as well as the possibility of inducing this function. To accomplish this we
      determined the half-life of Butazolidin. Only in cirrhotics it was shown that the
      capacity to metabolize Butazolidin was reduced. Induction with barbiturates
      increased hepatic captation of the drug but did not modify the biotransformation
      of the same. This is attributed to the development of a "hypoactive hypertrophy"
      of the reticuloendothelium.

PMID- 958108
TI  - [Studies on calcium absorption out of a calcium-vitamin-D-preparation using
      calcium-47 (author's transl)].
AB  - Calcium absorption in man was studied by means of labelling an ampoule of
      Frubiase Calcium forte with calcium-47. For comparative purpose a solution
      containing the same amount of calcium salts as the ampoule was labelled as well.
      Already 10 minutes after oral administration of Ca-47 in 10 ml of Frubiase
      Calcium forte radioactivity was statistically significant measurable in blood. At
      the same time there was no significant radioactivity demonstrable out of the
      calcium salt solution. Between 45 and 120 minutes following oral application of
      the isotope both groups showed a statistically significant difference concerning
      the measurable blood activity. The Frubiase Calcium forte values were always
      higher, especially one and two hours after administration of the radiocalcium (up
      to 40%). The levels at these times correlate well with the total calcium
      absorption. Measurements over the compact bone region of the ankle demonstrated
      significantly higher values of calcium-47 in case of Frubiase Calcium forte
      compared with the calcium salt solution. These findings indicate in the case of
      Frubiase Calcium forte a higher bone mineral accretion. There is a good direct
      proportionality between the amount of these values and the total calcium
      absorption.

PMID- 958109
TI  - [Body potassium and skinfold thickness in an isocaloric, fat-rich diet (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Nine partly weak overweighted sport students got a fat rich isocaloric diet (70%
      fat, 20% protein, 10% carbohydrates) for three weeks. Body weight, body potassium
      and skinfold thicknesses were measured. A constant loss of body weight was the
      result. Lean body mass and body fat decreased. It is supposed that protein is
      used for gluconeogenesis if carbohydrate reduction is nearly total.

PMID- 958110
TI  - [Is the resorption of gram doses of ascorbic acid better from the resorption
      delaying preparations? Discussion].

PMID- 958111
TI  - [Disregarding the physician's instructions].

PMID- 958112
TI  - [The professional secrecy of physicians in public hospitals. 2].

PMID- 958113
TI  - [Sudden, unexpected death of infants and electromagnetic fields (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The examination of 337 cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndorme (SIDS) ro Crib
      Deaths in Philadelphia, Penn., USA, and 294 cases in Hamburg, Federal Republic of
      Germany, shows regional concentrations which are close to uncommon magnetic
      fields or stray electric currents in the ground. The risk in the cellar and first
      floor of houses is higher than in the other floors. Therefore a possible causal
      relationship between electromagnetic fields and SIDS cases must be considered and
      checked by on-site measurements, animal experiments, and by more research on
      magnetic fields as stressor for infants.

PMID- 958114
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of ataxia in childhood].

PMID- 958116
TI  - [Professional secrecy of physicians in community hospitals. Part 3].

PMID- 958115
TI  - [Interpretation of disease in primitive cultures].

PMID- 958117
TI  - [Letter: Prevention of arteriosclerosis and calcium deficiency symptoms?].

PMID- 958118
TI  - Letter: Uric acid during phenylbutazone therapy.

PMID- 958119
TI  - [A new highly specific and practical method for glucose determination with the
      use of glucose dehydrogenase].

PMID- 958120
TI  - [Risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Inventory of clinico-chemical
      parameters for the Vienna area].

PMID- 958121
TI  - [Slippery streets, fog and traffic].

PMID- 958122
TI  - [Results of studies on umbilical vein blood].

PMID- 958123
TI  - [Prerequisites for the achievement of reliable clinico-chemical analysis
      results].

PMID- 958124
TI  - [Vitamin B 12. Its clinical significance and methods of determination].

PMID- 958125
TI  - [Demonstration of glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) in starch gel electrophoresis].

PMID- 958126
TI  - Medical examiner division commonwealth of Virginia.

PMID- 958127
TI  - Current issues in the laws affecting physician and patient care.

PMID- 958128
TI  - [Felty's syndrome].

PMID- 958130
TI  - [Socio-medical problems in cardiology].

PMID- 958129
TI  - [Physiology and pathophysiology of juvenile growth hormone secretion].

PMID- 958131
TI  - [Conflict studies from a biologic-genetic viewpoint].

PMID- 958132
TI  - [Late results after fluid-fasting].

PMID- 958133
TI  - [Immunochemistry of blood plasma].

PMID- 958134
TI  - [Drugs in mother and child].

PMID- 958135
TI  - [Physiology and pathophysiology of somatotropin secretion in childhood. II].

PMID- 958136
TI  - [Fatigue and exhaustion in mountaineering].

PMID- 958137
TI  - [Allergic bronchopneumopathies and immunotherapy].

PMID- 958138
TI  - [Case of dextroversion without ventricular inversion with corrected transposition
      of great vessels, pulmonary valvular stenosis and hemodynamically small
      ventricular septal defect].

PMID- 958139
TI  - [New aspects in the diagnosis of brain diseases--cranial computer-tomography].

PMID- 958140
TI  - [Common errors in the diagnosis of rheumatic joint diseases].

PMID- 958141
TI  - [Cardiological diagnosis].

PMID- 958142
TI  - [Treatment of respiratory insufficiency using oxygen].

PMID- 958143
TI  - [Cytostatic chemotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 958144
TI  - [Chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 958145
TI  - [Drug therapy of hyperlipemia. Experiences with xanthinol nicotinate retard
      capsules in a general practice].

PMID- 958146
TI  - [Steering and function of skeletal muscles with particular consideration of
      fatigue].

PMID- 958148
TI  - [Experiences with autogenic training].

PMID- 958147
TI  - [The at risk personality].

PMID- 958149
TI  - [The psychosomatic fatigue in the sportsman].

PMID- 958150
TI  - [Immunochemistry of blood plasma. VI].

PMID- 958151
TI  - Marijuana.

PMID- 958152
TI  - Drugs for bacterial conjunctivitis.

PMID- 958153
TI  - Acetaminophen.

PMID- 958154
TI  - Carcinogenicity of drugs in small animals and mutagenicity in bacteria: what does
      it mean?

PMID- 958155
TI  - Beclomethasone dipropionate (Vanceril) for asthma.

PMID- 958156
TI  - New drugs for arthritis.

PMID- 958157
TI  - Computed tomography.

PMID- 958158
TI  - Margarines and other dietary fats.

PMID- 958159
TI  - Neutrophil leukocyte reserves in lymphoreticular malignancies.
AB  - The marginal neutrophil leukocyte pool and the bone marrow neutrophil reserves
      were assessed in 43 patients with lymphoreticular malignancies, using epinephrine
      and steroid stimulation. Thirty-three patients were studied before staging,
      following splenectomy, before and after nodal irradiation and during remission
      induction chemotherapy. Ten patients in partial remission were studied after 12
      month or more of chemotherapy. A neutrophil count of 1,500-2,500 cells/mm3 is not
      a sufficient guide for midifying the chemotherapy. The response to steroid
      stimulation may be a more dependable guide to evaluate the patient's potential
      risk for infection.

PMID- 958160
TI  - Combination chemotherapy with adramycin (NSC-123127) and dimethyl triazeno
      imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) (NSC-45388) in children with metastatic solid
      tumors.
AB  - Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC was used in 102 evaluable
      patients under 15 years of age who had previously treated metastatic solid
      tumors. Responses, defined as 50% or more reduction in all tumor masses, occurred
      in 10 out of 27 patients with neuroblastoma, 3 out of 8 patients with Wilms
      tumor, 7 out 15 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 2 out of 6 patients with
      osteosarcoma, 5 out of 13 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and 15 out of 33
      patients with miscellaneous tumors which included a patient who had a complete
      regression of an extensive juvenile angiofibroma. Response rate to combination
      chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC in patients with Ewing sarcoma was
      significantly superior to the response rate obtained with adriamycin alone in
      another Southwest Oncology Group Study. Major toxicity included nausea, vomiting,
      myelosuppression, high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (5 patients)
      and congestive heart failure (4 patients). There was 7 drug-associated deaths due
      to sepsis (1), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (4), and congestive heart failure
      (2).

PMID- 958161
TI  - Clinical studies of beta-thioguanine deoxyriboside alone and in combination with
      arabinosyl cytosine.
AB  - Beta-thioguanine deoxyriboside (betaTGdR) is a purine nucleoside derivative which
      was studied alone or in combination with arabinosyl cytosine (Ara-C) in patients
      with solid tumors and acute leukemia. No significant responses were observed in
      22 patients with solid tumors. The response rate with betaTGdR alone in acute
      leukemia was 26% and in combination with Ara-C was 24%. Responses were generally
      of short duration. Toxicity included myelosuppression, nausea, stomatitis,
      hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, and liver function abnormalities.

PMID- 958162
TI  - Phase II study of profiromycin vs mitomycin-C utilizing acute intermittent
      schedules.
AB  - A randomized prosective study of Mitomycin-C and its N-methyl derivative,
      Porfiromycin, was conducted. Thirty-two patients with disseminated
      gastrointestinal cancer or other disseminated abdominal adenocarcinoma were
      treated with Mitomycin-C; 31 patients received Porfiromycin. Both drugs were
      given by acute intermittent bolus schedule (Mitomucin-C , 22.5 mg/M2 or
      Porfiromycin, 75 mg/M2 every 6--8 weeks as a single bolus i.v. injection). Eleven
      patients (34%) who received Mitomycin-C entered into partial remission. In 10 of
      the 31 patients (32%) receiving Porfiromycin, partial remission occured. Analysis
      by tumor type demonstrated that in the Mitomycin-C treated group responses
      occured in 4 of 12 patients with colorectal carcinoma, in 4 of 9 with upper GI
      cancers, and in 3 of 11 with ovarian cancer. Correspondingly in Porfiromycin
      group responses occured in 2 of 12 colorectal carcinoma patients, in 3 of 7 upper
      GI cancer patients, and in 5 of 12 ovarian cancer patients. Both drugs produced
      significant myelosuppression; however, Porfiromycin toxicity appeared more
      cumulative. Further clinical trial of Mitomycin in an acute intermittent bolus
      schedule appears justified.

PMID- 958163
TI  - In vivo quantitation of lesion radioactivity using external counting methods.
AB  - Quantitative external counting methods for the in vivo determination of the
      activity uniformly distributed in an area of interest (lesion) have been
      developed. The theoretical work has been extended to include the effects of
      regions of differing attenuation coefficient and of non-target organ activity in
      the tissue surrounding the lesion. A clinical quantitative procedure utilizing a
      "calibrated" gamma camera and associated computer system is described. Studies
      including a bone substitute material in a water phantom confirmed the basic
      theoretical work.

PMID- 958164
TI  - Calculations of two-dimensional electric field and potential distributions aroun
      electrodes in conducting media.
AB  - Tumor cells can be killed by heating to 42.5degreesC. It is convenient to
      localize heating by passing electric current at 500 kHz through tissue between a
      pair of electrodes. It is desirable to determine, for a given electrode-tissue
      configuration, what the resulting field and, therefore, current distribution will
      be. A computer program FFEARS was used to calculate electric field and potential
      distributions in two dimensions for three simple cases.

PMID- 958165
TI  - Phase effects in diagnostic radiological images.
AB  - The effect of phase on the quality of diagnostic radiological images is
      investigated on a theoretical basis and with the use of the computer simulations.
      Phase effects are divided into two categories: linear phase shift and asymmetric
      phase shift. Using a model of the x-ray focal spot distribution composed of two
      Gaussian functions, it is shown that the phase transfer function (PTF) is
      generally a continuous nonlinear function of spatial frequency. The linear phase
      shift serves only to shift the location of the image. The asymmetric phase shift
      in the model studied tends to accompany an improvement in the modulation transfer
      function (MTF) in the midfrequency region while introducing "wows" into the
      image. Contrast reversals are shown to be inherent in line spread functions
      (LSFs) which do not necessarily include linear or asymmetric phase effects, i.e.,
      they are the result of another phenomenon.

PMID- 958166
TI  - Method for calculating dose when lung tissue lies in the treatment field.
AB  - The absorbed dose in lung and beyond lung as a result of increased lung
      transmission of x and gamma irradiation is described. The correction factor used
      to calculate the absorbed dose is a function of beam energy, field area, lung
      density, and lung and soft tissue depth. Agreement between measurements and
      calculations in the Alderson phantom is within 3%. An example of how this
      technique can be used is described.

PMID- 958167
TI  - Intensity distribution, modulation transfer function, and the effective dimension
      of a line-focus x-ray focal spot.
AB  - The radiant intensity along the anode-cathode dimension of a line-focus x-ray
      focal spot tends to peak at the center and decrease gradually to zero at the
      edges. In recognition of this varying intensity, the ICRU has recommended that
      the anode-cathode dimension of the focal spot be reported as 0.7 times the
      dimension measured with a pinhole camera. In this paper more objective correction
      factors are developed. These correction factors are based upon comparison of
      calculated MTFs of focal spots with Gaussian and cosine intensity distributions
      with the MTF for focal spots with a uniform intensity distribution.

PMID- 958168
TI  - Mathematical model of conventional tomography.
AB  - A Fourier decomposition approach is used to study the imaging properties of
      conventional tomography. Spatial frequency response curves (MTFs) are calculated
      for both linear and axial transverse tomography. These curves depend on the
      product of the spatial frequency of the sinusoidal density variations in thin
      layers parallel to the tomographic plane and the distance between such layers and
      the tomographic plane. Based on the spatial frequency response curves, a
      quantitative definition of tomographic layer thickness is given. Furthermore, the
      spatial frequency response curves suggest that unattenuated low-frequency
      information from outside the tomographic layer limits the resolution in
      conventional tomograms and that high-pass spatial filtering of the image may
      substantially improve the diagnostic quality of tomographic images, particularly
      in the identification of boundaries.

PMID- 958169
TI  - Calculated neutron dose rates and flux densities from implantable californium-252
      point and line sources.
AB  - The results of neutron-transport flux-density and dose rate calculations for
      implantable Californium-252 point and line sources in essentially infinite tissue
      equivalent material are presented. The point-source flux densities were obtained
      from a discrete ordinates calculation, and the point dose rates were established
      by multiplying the flux densities by their appropriate kerma factors. Line-source
      dose rates were evaluated by integrating the point dose rates over the length of
      the line source. Dose-rate data are given within a 20 X 20-cm region from the
      source center for source lengths of 1.5, 2, and 3 cm. The dose rates established
      by these calculations showed good agreement with an independent Monte Carlo
      calculation. Detailed point-source flux-density data as a function of energy and
      position are also given.

PMID- 958170
TI  - Calculations of two-dimensional electric field and potential distributions around
      electrodes in conducting media.
AB  - Tumor cells can be killed by heating to 42.5 degrees C. It is convenient to
      localize heating by passing electric current at 500 kHz through tissue between a
      pair of electrodes. It is desirable to determine, for a given electrode-tissue
      configuration, what the resulting field and, therefore, current distribution will
      be. A computer program FFEARS was used to calculate electric field and potential
      distributions in two dimensions for three simple cases.

PMID- 958171
TI  - Real-time display of radiation field intensity distribution.
AB  - A real-time display system has been designed and tested for use with a radiation
      field monitor. The system uses only pulse and waveform generators, a multiplexer,
      and an oscilloscope. The display consists of either a three-dimensional
      representation of the field intensity distribution or a series of simultaneous
      profiles.

PMID- 958172
TI  - [Hypothyroid syndromes].

PMID- 958173
TI  - [Maturation of the eeg alpha and sigma rhythms and cerebral damage due to
      congenital hypothyroidism].

PMID- 958174
TI  - [Hypothyroidism in the child].

PMID- 958175
TI  - [Long-term studies of the intelligence quotient in 16 children with
      hypothyroidism during treatment].

PMID- 958176
TI  - [Thyroid function and hypothyroidism in children].

PMID- 958177
TI  - [Studies on our cases of central and peripheral hypothyroidism].

PMID- 958178
TI  - [Somatic hypodevelopment in harmony with ectopic thyroid gland. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic prospects].

PMID- 958179
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism in the pediatric age. Introduction].

PMID- 958180
TI  - [Aspects and problems of transitory neonatal thyrotoxicosis].

PMID- 958181
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism and the cardiovascular apparatus].

PMID- 958182
TI  - Estriol determinations in insulin-dependent diabetes in pregnancy.

PMID- 958183
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis complicated by opportunistic bacterial infection: case
      report.

PMID- 958184
TI  - Acute organic brain syndrome psychosis with methyldopa therapy: case report.

PMID- 958185
TI  - A frequently overlooked injury in the hand.

PMID- 958186
TI  - Mechanisms and prevention of sudden death.

PMID- 958187
TI  - Pay policy primer.

PMID- 958188
TI  - Divorce: how to avoid it in your practice.

PMID- 958189
TI  - Problem-oriented ophthalmology. Part 2. Anterior uveitis.

PMID- 958190
TI  - Ultrasound therapy for animals.

PMID- 958191
TI  - Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses. Part 3: Diagnosing cases of poisoning, identifying
      the causative agent, and establishing effective control.

PMID- 958192
TI  - Bone disease.

PMID- 958193
TI  - Diseases of the guttural pouch.

PMID- 958194
TI  - Treatment for pinkeye in cattle.

PMID- 958195
TI  - Communications: coming and going.

PMID- 958197
TI  - Repair of medial shoulder luxation in dogs.

PMID- 958196
TI  - Do-it-yourself medicine: is everybody a doctor?

PMID- 958198
TI  - Pulmonary disease.

PMID- 958199
TI  - Organophosphate poisoning in dogs and cats.

PMID- 958200
TI  - Genetic exchanges caused by ultraviolet photoproducts in phage lambda DNA
      molecules: the role of DNA replication.
AB  - Genetic recombination induced by structural damage in DNA molecules was
      investigated in E. coli K12 (lambda) lysogens infected with genetically marked
      phage lambda. Photoproducts were induced in the phage DNA before infection by
      exposing them either to 313 nm light in the presence of acetophenone or to 254 nm
      light. To test the role of the replication of the damaged phage DNA on the
      frequency of the induced recombination, both heteroimmune and homimmune crosses
      were performed. First, samples of a heteroimmune phage lambda imm434 P80 exposed
      to these treatments were allowed to infect cells lysogenic for prophage lambda
      cI857 P3. Phage DNA replication and maturation took place, and the resulting
      progeny phages were assayed for the frequency of P+ recombinants. Recombination
      was less frequent in infected cells exposed to visible light and in wild type
      cells able to perform excision repair than in excision-defective lysogens.
      Therefore, much of the induced recombination can be attributed to the pyrimidine
      dimers in the phage DNA, the only photoproducts known to be dissociated by
      photoreactivating enzyme. Second, in homoimmune crosses, samples of similarly
      treated homoimmune lambda P3 phages were allowed to infect lysogens carrying
      lambda cI857 P80. Replication of the phage DNA containing ultraviolet
      photoproducts was repressed by lambda immunity, and was further blocked by the
      lack of the P gene product needed for replication. The lysogens were purified and
      scored for both colony forming ability and for P+ recombinant prophages. The 254
      nm photoproducts increased the frequency of recombination in these homimmune
      crosses, even though phage DNA replication was blocked. Irradiation with 313 nm
      light and acetophenone M, which produces dimers and unknown photoproducts, was
      not as effective per dimer as the 254 nm light. It is concluded from these
      results that certain unidentified 254 nm photoproducts can cause recombination
      even in the absence of DNA replication. They are not pyrimidine dimers, as they
      are not susceptible to excision repair or photoreactivation. In contrast,
      pyrimidine dimers appear to cause recombination only when the DNA containing them
      undergoes replication.

PMID- 958201
TI  - Genetic control of the cell division cycle in the fission yeast
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - Twenty seven recessive temperature sensitive mutants have been isolated in
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe which are unable to complete the cell division cycle at
      the restrictive temperature. These mutants define 14 unlinked genes which are
      involved in DNA synthesis, nuclear division and cell plate formation. The
      products from most of these genes complete their function just before the cell
      cycle event in which they are involved. Physiological characterisation of the
      mutants has shown that DNA synthesis and nuclear division form a cycle of
      mutually dependent events which can operate in the absence of cell plate
      formation. Cell plate formation itself is usually dependent upon the completion
      of nuclear division.

PMID- 958202
TI  - Arg-7 mutant X wild-type crosses in Chlamydomonas reinhardi: study of the enzyme
      produced in diploid strains.
AB  - The arg-7 locus is the structural gene for the argininosuccinate lyase (ASL).
      Interallelic complementation was previously found to occur between several
      mutants of the locus: this is indicative for the homomultimeric nature of ASL.
      Two complementing (arg-7-5 and arg-7-7) and two non-complementing (arg-7-1 and
      arg-7-6) mutants of the arg-7 locus were crossed to the pab-2 strain (which is
      wild-type for the arg-7 locus). In each cross, heterozygote phenotypically wild
      type strains were isolated; their diploid pattern was demonstrated by various
      criteria: mating type, cell volume, nuclear size. The four heterozygotes were
      compared to the haploid wild-type and in some experiments, to the diploid strain
      arg-1 X pab-2 homozygous for the arg-7 locus. No difference was found in growth
      rate and in the Michaelis constant values for ASL. The specific activity of the
      enzyme produced in the heterozygotes was about 50 percent of the activity found
      in haploid or diploid wild-type. The heat sensitivity of ASL was also
      investigated in the different strains: two (containing the complementing
      mutations arg-7-5 and arg-7-7) of the four heterozygotes produce ASL varieties
      different from the wild-type enzyme as far as the thermolability is concerned.
      These results suggest that hybrid ASL can be formed by interaction between the
      products of wild-type and mutant genes. A clear dominance of the wild-type allele
      is expected only when the mutant allele has no product of the gene: this could be
      the case for arg-7-1 and arg-7-6.

PMID- 958203
TI  - Characterization of mutations in the penicillinase operon Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Mutant penicillinase plasmids, in which penicillinase synthesis is not inducible
      by penicillin or a penicillin analogue, were examined by biochemical and genetic
      analyses. In five of the six mutants tested, penicillinase synthesis could be
      induced by growth in the presence of 5-methyltryptophan. It is known that the
      tryptophan analogue 5-methyltryptophan is readily incorporated into protein by S.
      aureus and that staphylococcal penicillinase lacks tryptophan. 5-methyltryptophan
      seems to induce penicillinase synthesis in wild-type plasmids by becoming
      incorporated into the repressor and thereby inactivating the operator binding
      function of the penicillinase repressor. Therefore, induction of penicillinase
      synthesis in the mutant plasmids by 5-methyltryptophan strongly suggests that the
      noninducible phenotype of these five plasmids is due to a mutation that
      inactivates the effector binding site of the penicillinase repressor (i.e., the
      five mutant plasmids carry an iS genotype for the penicillinase repressor). This
      conclusion was supported by heterodiploid analysis. The mutant plasmid that did
      not respond to 5-methyltryptophan either produces an exceedingly low basal level
      of penicillinase or does not produce active enzyme. This plasmid seems to carry a
      mutation in the penicillinase structural gene or in the promoter for the
      structural gene. Thus, a genetic characterization of many mutations in the
      penicillinase operon can be accomplished easily and rapidly by biochemical
      analysis.

PMID- 958204
TI  - Non Xenopus-like DNA sequence organization in the Chironomus tentans genome.
AB  - We have examined the sequence organization of Chironomus tentans DNA by means of
      optical and hydroxyapatite renaturation kinetics of total DNA fragment sizes of
      0.36, 2.6 and 13.5 kilobases (kb) as well as isolated middle repeat DNA at sizes
      of 0.36 and 13.5 kb. 90% of the DNA renatured as unique sequences of a genome of
      0.20 pg with the balance of DNA renaturing as middle repetitive sequences present
      on averge 90 times per haploid genome. At a DNA fragment length of 13.5 kb, 35%
      of the DNA was trapped on the hydroxyapatite as middle repetiitive fraction. We
      concluded C. tentans DNA to have a mean repeat length of about 4.3 kb distributed
      throuth out at least 35% of the genome with an inter repeat spacing of at least
      13.5 kb but possibly being distributed throughout the whole genome with an inter
      repeat spacing of 36 kb. This shows C. tentans DNA organization not to follow the
      most ubiquitous Xenopus model but to be similar to the organization of Drosophila
      melanogaster DNA.

PMID- 958205
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of the binding of iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin to
      acetylcholine receptors in rat muscle.

PMID- 958206
TI  - Adenylate cyclase-coupled beta adrenergic receptors effect of membrane lipid
      perturbing agents on receptor binding and enzyme stimulation by catecholamines.

PMID- 958207
TI  - X-ray crystal structure and conformation of a spin-labeled acetylcholine, DL-4
      [N,N-dimethyl-n-(ethan-2'-olacetate)amino]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1
      oxyliodide.

PMID- 958208
TI  - Quantitative structure-activity correlation of optical isomers: a molecular basis
      for Pfeiffer's rule.

PMID- 958209
TI  - Self-association and binding sites of some psychotomimetic tryptamine derivatives
      and related compounds: nuclear magnetic resonance investigations.

PMID- 958210
TI  - The role of substituents in the hydrophobic binding of the 1,4-benzodiazepines by
      human plasma proteins.

PMID- 958211
TI  - Binding interactions of lysergic acid diethylamide and related agents with
      dopamine receptors in the brain.

PMID- 958212
TI  - Free energy relationships in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by diethyl
      phosphates.

PMID- 958213
TI  - Kinetics of hydrogen-deuterium exchange of tryptophan and tryptophan peptides in
      deutero-trifluoroacetic acid using proton magenetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The methods which have been used for the observation and assignment of resonances
      in the NMR spectra of proteins are reviewed. One such method, the selective
      deuteration of the aromatic protons of tryptophyl residues, is studied by NMR
      spectroscopy in model compounds in this paper, and in proteins in the following
      paper. On the basis of a reassignment of the PMR spectrum of the aromatic protons
      of L-tryptophan, the relative rates of H-D exchange in deutero-trifluoracetic
      acid (d-TFA) are H-2 greater than H-5 greater than H-6 greater than H-4
      approximately H-7. The energies of activation for the first order exchange of
      both the H-2 and H-5 protons is 12 k.cal.mol-1. The rate constant for exchange of
      the H-2 protons of tryptophyl residues in peptides is much greater than in the
      amino acid itself and 5-10 times that for exchange of the H-5 protons. This
      suggests that the method can be used to label tryptophyl residues in proteins
      rapidly and specifically.

PMID- 958214
TI  - The glycerophosphateacyltransferases and their function in the metabolism of
      fatty acids.
AB  - 1. From different studies on the cellular localization, postional specificity,
      and regulatory properties of acyl-CoA: glycerophosphate acyltransferase (EC
      2,3,1.15) AND ACYL-CoA: 1-ACYLGLYCEROPHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE (EC 2,3,1....) the
      following conclusions can be drawn: The glycerophosphate acyltransferase is
      localized in the endoplasmatic reticulum (microsomes) and in the outer membrane
      of the mitochondria of the animal cell. Its reaction product is 1
      acylglycerophosphate (1-lysophosphatidic acid). The mitochondrial enzyme shows a
      high preference for saturated fatty acids while the microsomal enzyme is less
      specific (alternatively the microsomes contain more than one glycerophsophate
      acyltransferase). 2. The 1-acylglycerphosphate acyltransferase is localized in
      the endoplasmatic reticulum (microsomes) in the animal cell. Possibly a minor
      fraction of this enzyme is localized to the outer membrane of the mitochondria.
      This enzyme shows a strong preference for unsaturated fatty acids. 3. Both the
      microsomal and the mitochondrial dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase show
      similar fatty acid specificity as the corresponding glycerophosphate
      acyltransferases. It cannot be excluded that dihydroxy-acetonephosphate and
      glycerophosphate are acylated by the same enzymes. 4. The activity of the
      glycerophosphate acyltransferase(s) in the liver decreases in fasting or fat
      feeding and increases upon feeding of carbohydrate. The activity of carnitine
      palmityltransferase varies exacty opposit. These enzymes do not show dietary
      variations in heart and adipose tissue. 5. Under the otherwise identical
      conditions the rate of carnitine acylation in isolated mitochondria decreases
      more than the rate of glycerophosphate acylation when the concentration of
      palmityl-CoA is reduced. 6. In isolated liver cells (which has lost most of their
      carnitine) addition of carnitine increases the rate of fatty acid oxidation and
      decreases the rate of triglyceride formation. 7. Glycerol and fructose lower the
      rate of fatty acid oxidation, probably by lowering the levels of acyl-CoA and
      acyl-carnitine in the cells. 8. It is concluded that the relative activities of
      glycerophosphate acyltranse and carnitine palmityltransferase probably influence
      the fate of fatty acids in the cell.

PMID- 958215
TI  - The synthesis of alpha-amylase by rough and in vitro reconstituted rough
      endoplasmic reticulum derived from rat parotid gland.
AB  - The isolation of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rat parotid salivary
      gland is described. The rough membrane was stripped of its bound ribosomes using
      the KCl-puromycin method. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was reconstituted from
      stripped-rough membrane and polyribosomes. The reconstituted rough membrane
      resembled the native rough membrane in the following aspects: RNA/protein ratio,
      buoyant density in a continuous sucrose gradient and amino acid incorporation
      capacity. The in vitro synthesis of alpha-amylase by both rough and in vitro
      reconstituted rough membrane was demonstrated using SDS polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The reconstituted rough membrane could be restripped by KCl
      puromycin. The in vitro synthesized alpha-amylase remained associated with the
      rough or the in vitro reconstituted rough membrane, even after these membranes
      were stripped of their bound ribosomes.

PMID- 958216
TI  - Binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to rat liver ribosomal proteins.
AB  - Rat liver ribosome treatment with ethanol and 1 M NH4Cl releases some 31-33
      ribosomal proteins. This split protein fraction binds Phe-tRNA, Ac-Phe-tRNA, Met
      tRNAM and f-Met-tRNAF in the absence of K+ and Mg++ ions. When the split protein
      fraction is passed through Sephadex G-100 only six proteins are retained in the
      column: S10, S14, S15, S19, L35, and L36. The aminoacyl-tRNA binding activity of
      this protein fraction retained in the Sephadex G-100 column is similar to that of
      the total split protein fraction, suggesting that the above six proteins, or only
      some of them, are involved in the binding reaction.

PMID- 958217
TI  - Distribution of globin genes in chicken reticulocyte chromatin fractionated on
      urografin gradients.
AB  - Buoyant density centrifugation in Urografin solutions resolved French Pressure
      Cell-sheared, and micrococcal nuclease-digested avian reticulocyte chromatin into
      a broad profile of two peaks. Hybridization experiments using a globin cDNA probe
      suggested minimal fractionation of transcriptionally active and inactive
      components with chromatin sheared at 6000 psi, while no evidence was obtained for
      any fractionation with chromatin sheared at lower or higher pressures, or with
      chromatin digested to various extents with micrococcal nuclease, despite a
      considerable spread of chromatin material across gradients.

PMID- 958218
TI  - Further studies on collagen mRNA: partial chemical characterization and
      polyadenylic acid sequence.
AB  - Collagen mRNA has already been purified and characterized by us. Its purity has
      now been enhanced by two different methods. Gel electrophoresis shows in either
      method, a single peak with the same mobility already reported: 1.05 X 10(6)
      daltons. Base composition analyses of collagen mRNA purified by either method
      were almost identical. Chemical analyses of the isolated polyadenylic acid
      stretch show that it is, 0.48 X 10(5) daltons-long, (about 140 nucleotides-long),
      contains 75% AMP, and is located at the 3' end of the polymer.

PMID- 958219
TI  - The variable location of phosphoproteins on eukaryotic ribosomal subunits.

PMID- 958220
TI  - [mRNA fractions of mouse plasmacytoma cells].
AB  - The sedimentation characteristics of polysomal mRNA labelled in vitro by [5
      3H]uridine and electrophoretic mobility of similar non-labelled mRNA of mouse
      plasmacytoma were studied. Rapidly labelled polysomal mRNA may be considered as
      mRNA on the basis of several independent but indirect tests. These mRNA's are
      localized in 18-6S region of sucrose gradient. Some part of radioactivity have
      been found in the ribosomal RNA. It was shown that there is 8-10 RNA fractions in
      sucrose gradient. The 16S and 12-14S fractions are isolated and partially
      purified by two- and three-fold centrifugation. Fractions homogenous in sucrose
      gradient were electrophoresed in PAAG-SDS and divided into several subfractions
      some of them being common for 16S and 12-14S. The number of non-crossover
      subfractions was about 2-3. Not less than 20 different main fractions of
      polysomal mRNA were determined in plasmacytoma cells on the basis of
      electrophoretic data.

PMID- 958221
TI  - [Kinetic patterns of reactions with immobilized enzymes in open systems].
AB  - For studying the properties of immobilized enzyme, a flow reactor is suggested
      which provides ideal mixing of the reaction components with the granules of
      immobilized enzyme. To elucidate the mechanism of the reaction and to determine
      the effective values of maximal rates and Michaelis constants, an analysis of
      formal kinetic relationships describing the behaviour of the reactor in the
      stationary and non-stationary regimes has been carried out. The non-stationary
      kinetics is analyzed both for the case of step-wise and continuous supply of the
      substrate. A number of equations has been evolved which describe the time
      dependences of the concentrations of the substrate and reaction products;
      relationships have been found allowing determination of maximal rates and
      Michaelis constants from experimental data.

PMID- 958222
TI  - [Molecular organization of aggregated forms of chlorophyll and its analogs].
AB  - Infrared spectra (in the region of 1800-1600 cm-1) of aggregated
      protochlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, bacterioviridin, protopheophytin,
      pheophytin a (in the solid films) with different absorption spectra were studied.
      The formation of various types of aggregates is due to the realization of
      different modes of intermolecular bonding. The mode of interaction depends upon
      the chemical structure of the pigment and upon the inclusion of low-molecular
      addenda into the structure of aggregates. The forms 677 nm of chlorophyll a and
      658 nm of chlorophyll b appear when the coordination bonds between the keto
      groups of the cyclopentanone ring and central magnesium atom are formed. The
      longwave forms of chlorophyll a (745 nm) and chlorophyll b (675 nm, 725 nm) are
      formed when methanol molecules are involved in the intermolecular bonds. The
      coordination bonds between C=O and magnesium atom in the longwave aggregate of
      bacterioviridin (750 nm) are observed without participation of the low-molecular
      addenda, The formation of the protochlorophyl 635 nm form and aggregated forms of
      magnesium-free pigments occurs without participation of carbonyl groups probably
      by direct interaction between the eta-electron systems of molecules. The
      frequencies of carbonyl groups of the solid films in dioxane vapours causing
      absorption maxima at 690 nm (chlorophyll a) and 670 nm (chlorophyll b) are not
      shifted as compared to the dissolved pigments. Thipoints to the intermolecular
      interaction without participation of C=O groups.

PMID- 958223
TI  - [Study of ribonucleoprotein particles by the method of RNA chromatography on a
      column of nucleoprotein-celite].
AB  - A novel method of RNA fractionation based on a gradual release of the RNA
      molecules from ribonucleoprotein complexes has been used for the analysis of
      ribosomal and non-ribosomal complexes of rat liver cytoplasm. Adsorption of
      native ribonucleoproteins on a Celite column (occuring through only the protein
      moiety) followed by a consequent dissociation of RNP complexes brought about by
      various agents results in RNA fractionation in accordance with the tightness of
      the RNA-protein bonds. The cytoplasmic ribosomal and rapidly labelled non
      ribosomal RNA species are separated into several fractions identified as 18S and
      28S rRNA's, mRNA and messenger-like RNA. A relatively small fraction (about 10%
      of the total) of rRNA tenaciously bound to protein has been also revealed.

PMID- 958224
TI  - [Calculation of the conformation of stereo-regular, double-spiral
      polynucleotides].
AB  - By the step-by-step selection method energetically optimal conformation of double
      stranded polynucleotides were calculated proceeding from the conformations of
      mono-and dinucleotides. These structures were found to belong to the families of
      DNA A and B forms. The dependence of six torsion angles of the polynucleotide
      chain on the glycosidic angle chi was investigated. As a result certain areas
      admitting of double-helix polynucleotides with sugar C3-endo with chi = -80
      degrees were established.

PMID- 958225
TI  - [Inhibition of Aspergillus clavatus intracellular RNA-ase by nucleotides and the
      components comprising them].
AB  - The constants of inhibition by the nucleotides and constituting components
      catalysed by intracellular "acid" (pHopt 4.7), non-specific RNAse from Asp.
      clavatus (EC 3.1.4.23) were determined.. All the nucleotides were found to be
      competitive inhibitors. The influence of composition and structure of the
      nucleotides on their interaction with the active site of RNAse is discussed.

PMID- 958226
TI  - Naturally occuring mutagens.
AB  - Naturally occurring mutagens have usually been discovered as a result of
      outbreaks of disease in agricultural livestock, or as a result of epidemiological
      studies of cancer of the liver in man. Subsequent work has then shown that the
      toxic agents responsible often have mutagenic properties. Examples are the
      pyrrolizidine alkaloids, cyasin, a range of mycotoxins produced by various fungi,
      and at least two unidentified toxic agents in bracken. Commonly the toxic agent
      itself does not show high biological activity, but after ingestion it is
      converted by metabolic processes into the active mutagen or carcinogen. Some of
      these toxic substances have been responsible for considerable losses of
      agricultural livestock and therefore are of economic significance. From the view
      point of genetic hazards to man, the most significant compounds are probably the
      mycotoxins, e.g. aflatoxin, because of the common risk of fungal contamination of
      food, especially in tropical regions. No information is yet available on the
      effects of these mutagens on natural populations of animals. Plants containing
      the pyrrolizidine alkaloids are found in areas of Africa and the Middle East
      where plagues of the migratory locust occur. Although it is known that some of
      the alkaloids can induce chromosomal damage in grasshoppers, whether such damage
      ever becomes a significant factor under ecological conditions is not known. In
      some cases, insects have not only evolved resistance towards mutagenic alkaloids
      but have become dependent on them for certain purposes. The males of certain
      Danaid butterflies feed on plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. After
      ingestion, the alkaloids are metabolised to dihydropyrrolizine derivatives, which
      are then secreted on special organs (hair pencils) and, following dissemination
      into the atmosphere, act as pheromones for the stimulation of mating behaviour.

PMID- 958227
TI  - Localized mutagenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2).
AB  - Nutritional mutants (co-mutants) were scored among nitrosoguanidine-induced
      revertants of four mutations in Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). All co-mutations
      were due to mutations in genes linked to the revertant locus. The co-mutant loci
      were located in a region of about 20 map units around the revertant locus (co
      mutation region). Revertants for different loci showed co-mutation patterns
      different from each other and from that of random nitrosoguanidine-induced
      forward mutations. Mutations appeared to be completely abolished outside the co
      mutation region (mutation restriction).

PMID- 958228
TI  - The radiosensitivities of lymphocytes from pig, sheep, goat and cow.
AB  - Dose-effect curves for X-irradiation in vitro were determined on cultured blood
      lymphocytes of four mammalian species-cow, goat, sheep and pig-having
      approximately the same number of chromosome arms, the same nuclear volume and the
      same DNA content. The data from cow, but not those from the other species,
      exhibited significant inhomogeneity between the experiments. On inspection the
      numerical yields appear not to differ greatly in the lower dose range. Evaluation
      of the parameters according to the quadratic law and the power law, however,
      demonstrate significant differences. Pig differs from the other species
      regardless of which presentation is chosen. For the power law a significant
      difference is also found between goat and sheep.

PMID- 958229
TI  - X-Ray-induced translocations in spermatoginia. II. Fractionation in mice.
AB  - The dose-response curve for reciprocal translocations induced by X-rays in
      spermatogonial stem cells, and observed in primary spermatocytes of mice, is
      "hump-shaped", with a maximum yield at about 600 R. To test the hypothesis that
      the decrease in yield with increasing dose above 600 R is a consequence of the
      different sensitivities of cells in different stages of the cell cycle to both
      cell killing and chromosome aberration induction, several fractionation
      experiments were carried out. A total  dose of 2800 R was given in repeated doses
      of 400 R, separated by 8-week intervals. The yield of translocations is that
      expected for additivity; for example, the yield at 1600 R is approximately equal
      to that for four separate 400-R doses. When a total dose (500 R) which gives a
      translocation yield on the ascending part of the dose-response curve is given as
      two equal fractions separated by intervals of 30, 90, or 150 min, the
      translocation yield decreases with increasing interval. However, when a total
      dose (1000 R) which would give a translocation yield on the descending part of
      the dose-response curve is given in two equal fractions separated by intervals of
      from 30 min to 6 weeks, the response is different; the translocation yield
      increases with intervals up to 18 h, then decreases with intervals up to 4 weeks,
      and finally increases again to a yield equal to additivity with an interval of 6
      weeks. These changes in translocation yield with changes in interval between the
      two doses are explained in terms of the differential sensitivity of cells to
      killing and aberration induction in the different phases of the cell cycle, and
      by assuming that the cells surviving the first dose and repopulating the testis
      have different cycle characteristics from normal cells.

PMID- 958230
TI  - The influence of serum components on the growth and mutation of Chinese hamster
      cells in medium containing 8-azaguanine.
AB  - Low concentrations (less than or equal 20 mug/ml) of 8-azaguanine are 1000 fold
      more toxic to V79 Chinese hamster cells in medium containing 10% dialyzed fetal
      calf serum than in medium containing 10% undialyzed serum. Serum enzyme activity
      that converts AG to nontoxic 8-azaxanthine degrades AG at the same rate, whether
      or not the serum is dialyzed. However, cytotoxicity results similar to those
      obtained with US were produced in medium containing DS and 2.5 mug of
      hypoxanthine (HX)/ml (DSH). Therefore, serum HX is considered to be responsible
      for the relatively low cytotoxicity of AG in medium containing US. Colonies that
      arose in medium containing AG were isolated and characterized. Those that
      remained resistant to AG (40 mug/ml) and sensitive to aminopterin in the presence
      of HX and thymidine (HAT) were considered mutants; non-mutants were sensitive to
      AG and resistant to HAT. Colonies isolated from medium containing DSH or US and
      low concentrations of AG were not mutants, but those from medium containing high
      concentrations (greater than or equal 30 mug/ml) of AG were mutants. Spontaneous
      and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced mutants were detectable in medium
      containing DSH without replating the cells prior to adding AG (greater than or
      equal 30 mug/ml), but in order to detect MNNG induced mutations in medium
      containing DS replating was essential. In DS, the mutation frequency increased as
      an exponential function of the toxicity of MNNG, but remained two orders of
      magnitude lower than the induced mutation frequencies that occurred in DSH. HX,
      in DSH or US, produced profound effects, other than interference with AG
      toxicity, that distort the results of mutagenesis assays. To study mutation using
      AG resistance as the endpoint, it is essential to use dialyzed serum.

PMID- 958231
TI  - Mutagenic mechanism of 5-bromodeoxyuridine in Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Resistance to 6-thioguanine was induced by 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) in
      synchronous Chinese hamster cells. The yield of mutant colonies was not
      proportional to the amount of BUdR incorporated into DNA; thus mutants were not
      due to mispairing of BUdR with guanine during replication. Few mutants were
      induced until BUdR concentrations exceeded that of the intracellular thymidine
      triphosphate pool and mutant yield was depressed by addition of thymidine to the
      medium. These data suggest that BUdR exerts an allosteric effect on the DNA
      synthesizing system which renders it more error prone.

PMID- 958232
TI  - Radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes. I. Dependence on
      the dose of gamma-rays and an anomaly at low doses.
AB  - Cultures of human lymphocytes obtained from blood of healthy adult donors were
      irradiated with different doses of 60Co gamma-rays and the irradiated cells were
      analysed in metaphase 50 h after irradiation. The effect (total yield of
      aberrations of chromosome type, or total yield of exchange type aberrations)
      produced by the lowest dose (5 rad) appears to be statistically significant in a
      sample of 1500 cells. In the usual dose range (25-400 rad), both parabolic and
      linear-quadratic equations give a satisfactory fit of experimental data
      (dicetrics, fragments, or all aberrations of chromosome type). Low doses of gamma
      rays, however, produced more aberrations than expected, if one extrapolates dose
      effect curves from higher doses. Both relations should be considered, therefore,
      merely as empirical equations. Dicentrics show at low doses (10-30 rad) a plateau
      which appears to be statistically significant. Some indications are obtained that
      the total number of chromosome-type aberrations is a more reliable criterion of
      cytogenetic damage than the usually accepted yield of dicentrics and rings.

PMID- 958233
TI  - The relationship between chromosome damage and cell killing in UV-irradiated
      normal and xeroderma pigmentosum cells.

PMID- 958234
TI  - Mutagenicity and toxicity of amitrole. II. Human lymphocyte culture tests.
AB  - Effects of amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) on human leucocytes in culture were
      investigated. Amitrole interfered with lymphoblast transformation and inhibited
      cell growth in concentrations of 0.2% w/v and higher. Selected metaphases were
      examined for the presence of chromosome and chromatid aberrations. No clastogenic
      effects were observed.

PMID- 958235
TI  - Chromosome damage induced by semicarbazide in spermatocytes of a grasshopper.
AB  - Semicarbazide hydrochloride (0.1 M in glass-distilled water), on injection,
      showed mutagenic action on the spermatocyte chromosomes of the grasshopper,
      Spathosternum prasiniferum. Aberrations such as chromatid and chromosome breaks,
      translocations, fragments and bridges were encountered. The sex chromosome and
      the long autosomes were affected. Semicarbazide, perhaps, reacts with DNA and the
      chromosome in a way similar to that of hydroxylamine and hydrazines.

PMID- 958236
TI  - Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of cyclohexylamine on spermatogonia of the
      Chinese hamster.
AB  - In a cytogenetic study on the spermatogonia of Chinese hamster, cyclohexylamine
      (neutral sulphate) was evaluated for mutagenic effects in comparison with an
      untreated control group and a group treated with the mutagenic compound
      cyclophosphamide, by assessing spermatogonial metaphases of treated Chinese
      hamster for chromosomal structural changes. Each test group comprised 8 male
      hamsters selected at random. Approximately 100 metaphases from each animal were
      assessed. The doses were 5 X 150 mg cyclohexylamine sulphate (approx. 5 X 102 mg
      base) per kg body-weight orally, and 5 X 100 mg cyclophosphamide per kg body
      weight orally. The individual doses were administered at intervals of 24 h.
      Preparations were made 24 h after the final treatment, essentially by the method
      of Hoo and Bowles [10]. Gaps, breaks, fragments, deletions and translocations
      were assessed as structural changes; frequencies were determined of the
      metaphases (a) with aberration(s) including gaps, (b)with aberration(s) less gaps
      and (c)with translocation(s). Aberrations occurred in the untreated negative
      control group (1.24% incl. gaps, 0.25% without gaps). Translocations were not
      seen in the untreated group. In the cyclochexylamine group, the frequencies of
      the aberrant metaphases were sometimes less than in the control group (0.87%
      including gaps, 0.37% without gaps). Statistically, the results were not
      significantly different from the control data. No translocations were seen after
      administration of cyclohexylamine. The positive cyclophosphamide control group
      clearly differed from the untreated control and from the cyclohexylamine group in
      the parameters (a) to (c); mainly, the results were highly significantly
      different from those obtained in the untreated control group. The frequencies of
      the aberrant metaphases were 3.41% including gaps and 1.99% without gaps. The
      frequency of the translocations was 0.71% (5 out of 704). Cyclohexylamine
      sulphate, administered 5 times at 150 mg/kg body-weight orally, had no mutagenic
      effect, whereas cyclophosphamide, adminstered 5 times at 100 mg/kg body-weight
      orally, had a chromosome-damaging effect on Chinese hamster spermatogonia.

PMID- 958237
TI  - Further studies on the histological cytological and cytogenetic effects of
      nogalamycin in mammals.
AB  - The histological, cytological and cytogenetic effects of nogalamycin were studied
      in rats, mice and cultured human leukocytes. Four standard test systems were used
      in the cytological studies: (1)analysis of spermatogonial cells, (2)cytological
      evaluation of bone marrow metaphase plates, (3)micronucleus test in polychromatic
      erythrocytes, and (4)determination of chromosomal aberrations in cultured human
      leukocytes. The results of the studies indicated that the types and frequenices
      of cytological errors induced by the drug were not significantly different from
      the concurrent control. The reduced incidence of fertile matings from 22 to 35
      days after treatment is attributed to the cytostatic effect of nogalamycin (NM)
      on spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Subsidence of NM-induced inhibition of
      spermatogonium differentiation and spermatocyte maturation occurred 37 days post
      treatment. Accordingly, fertile matings, which had reached a zero level by 23rd
      day, occurred 35 days after treatment, and reached the control level between 47
      and 49 days post-treatment.

PMID- 958238
TI  - Effect of tetracycline on cultured mouse cells.
AB  - By use of an assay system in vitro with cultured FM3A cells from a C3H mouse
      mammary carcinoma, tetracycline hydrochloride was found to have the ability to
      induce an 8-azaguanine-resistant mutation. It is suggested that an assay system
      using mammalian cells for the detection of mutagenicity of certain substances
      having antimicrobial action is more practical than a system using bacteria. As
      other effects of tetracycline hydrochloride on FM3A cells, the damage on
      chromosomes and the inhibition of syntheses of protein and nucleic acids were
      demonstrated.

PMID- 958239
TI  - The mycotic flora of the human toe web.

PMID- 958240
TI  - [Results of mycologic studies during the years 1969-1974 at the Dermatological
      Clinic, Geneva].

PMID- 958241
TI  - [Disseminated mucormycosis--Absidia corymbifera--of lymph nodes in swine].

PMID- 958242
TI  - [Occurrence of keratinophilic fungi on inanimate organic material in the
      surroundings of calves infected by Trichophyton verrucosum].

PMID- 958243
TI  - Immunoglobulin content in the bronchial washings of patients with benign and
      malignant pulmonary disease.
AB  - The bronchial washings of 58 patients with benign and neoplastic conditions
      involving the lungs were evaluated for immunoglobulin content. Levels in the
      washings from the diseased lung were compared with those from the normal
      contralateral lung. In normal patients and those with either bilateral
      inflammatory diseases or unilateral bronchiectasis or tuberculosis, the mean
      variation in igA/K and igG/K ratios between diseased and uninvolved lungs was
      minimal. In unilateral pneumonitis, however, igG/K was markedly elevated (P less
      than 0.01). Significant changes in the igA/K occurred on the affected side in
      patients with cancer. In the group with squamous-cell cancer. the mean elevation
      was 4.6 times that of contralateral lung (P less than 0.005), whereas with
      adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, the rise was 6.4 and 2.8 times,
      respecitvely (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.01). Thus, carcinoma appears to
      alter local immunoglobulin production in the affected lung as compared to its
      normal counterpart. (N Engl J Med 295:694-698, 1976).

PMID- 958244
TI  - Implementing formative health planning under PL 93-641.
AB  - The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 (PL 93-641)
      melds the Hill-Burton program, Regional Medical Program and Comprehensive Health
      Planning into a new network for health planning and resources development. Health
      systems agencies will possess broader powers than predecessor agencies,
      particularly in the areas of regulation, control of federal funds, resources
      development and implementation. PL 93-641 thus offers the possibility of
      transforming the basic concept of health planning from reactive to "proactive."
      Successful legislative implementaion will require each health-systems agency to
      build local legitimacy, ensure constructive consumer/provider dialogue, and
      respond to state and national managerial requirements. Many questions about
      planning implementation, the role of subarea councils, agency co-ordination and
      local governance remain unresolved. The new health-planning network has the
      potential to assume the function of active system transformation, but will be
      critically dependent on adequate program budgeting to fulfill this promise. (N
      Engl J Med 295:698-703, 1976).

PMID- 958245
TI  - The carrier potential of liposomes in biology and medicine (first of two parts).

PMID- 958246
TI  - Swine-influenza infection in civilians. Report of two cases.

PMID- 958247
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 39-1976.

PMID- 958248
TI  - Editorial: pL 93-641: fundamental problems.

PMID- 958249
TI  - Editorial: Journal ventures that flopped.

PMID- 958250
TI  - Letter: Radiosensitization of tumor cells.

PMID- 958251
TI  - Letter: Swine influenza in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 958252
TI  - Letter: A blood test for multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 958253
TI  - Letter: Pyridoxine deficiency: another potential sequel of the jejunal-ileal
      bypass procedure.

PMID- 958254
TI  - Letter: Renin profiling in hypertension.

PMID- 958255
TI  - Letter: Cause of induration in skin tests (cont.).

PMID- 958256
TI  - Letter: Forensic pathology.

PMID- 958257
TI  - Letter: Outcome of critical illness.

PMID- 958258
TI  - Letter: Reprint requesting -- time for revision?

PMID- 958259
TI  - Medicine and public affairs. X-ray mammography--background to a decision.

PMID- 958260
TI  - Treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.
AB  - In a retrospective study of the effect of treatment in biopsy-proved idiopathic
      membranous nephropathy, 91 adults and 12 children were followed for periods up to
      29 years after clinical onset (mean, 6.5 years). Forty-four were treated with
      corticosteroids, 15 with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants; 44 had no
      treatment and served as a control group. Clinical cure and improvement were
      significantly greater in the treated than in the nontreated group (P less than
      0.01). The recurrence rate, occurrence of renal failure and probability of death
      were significantly greater in the nontreated group, although some of these
      patients eventually showed improvement. Prognosis was better in patients who
      responded to therapy. These data strongly suggest that steroid therapy is
      beneficial in patients with membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 958261
TI  - Chlorambucil treatment of frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Chlorambucil, in combination with prednisone, was compared with prednisone alone
      in a randomized controlled trial in 21 children with either steroid-dependent or
      frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome to assess its effect on the duration of
      remission and the rate of relapse. All control patients treated with prednisone
      alone continued to relapse at the same rate, with all patients experiencing a
      return of proteinuria by seven months. Conversely, those who received the same
      prednisone therapy along with chlorambucil for six to 12 weeks remained in
      complete remission, without further medication, during 12 to 34 months of follow
      up observation. Complications were minimal. Immediate side effects commonly
      reported with cyclophosphamide were not seen with chlorambucil. Comparison with
      published reports also suggests that remission induced by chlorambucil is more
      stable than that after cyclophosphamide. Chlorambucil appears to be of value in
      the frequently relapsing nephrotic patient, adding an effect that is unattainable
      with prednisone alone.

PMID- 958262
TI  - By the london post. Prescribing, promoting and paying for drugs--the Englishman
      and his dog.

PMID- 958263
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 40-1976.

PMID- 958264
TI  - Editorial: Four plus: the management of nephrosis.

PMID- 958265
TI  - Editorial: Antizymes, adaptation and homeostasis.

PMID- 958266
TI  - Editorial: The quandaries of mass immunization.

PMID- 958267
TI  - Letter: Cirrhosis and monamine oxidase inhibition.

PMID- 958268
TI  - Letter: Relative prevalence of hla antigens in diseases.

PMID- 958269
TI  - Letter: Hla and vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome.

PMID- 958270
TI  - Letter: Sugar, cereals and sharks.

PMID- 958271
TI  - Letter: Yes-fault health insurance.

PMID- 958272
TI  - Letter: Douching and pelvic inflammatory disease.

PMID- 958273
TI  - Letter: Racial representation in pharmaceutical advertising.

PMID- 958274
TI  - Effect of alcohol (ethanol) administration on sex-hormone metabolism in normal
      men.
AB  - To determine whether ethanol per se affects testosterone metabolism, alcohol was
      administered to normal male volunteers for periods up to four weeks, resulting in
      an initial dampening of the episodic bursts of testosterone secretion followed by
      decreases in both the mean plasma concentration and the production rate of
      testosterone. The volunteers received adequate nutrition and none lost weight
      during the study, which tended to exclude a nutritional disturbance as the cause
      of the decreased testosterone levels. The changes in plasma luteinizing hormone
      suggested both a central (hypothalamus-pituitary) and gonadal effect of alcohol.
      In addition, alcohol consumption increased the metabolic clearance rate of
      testosterone in most subjects studied, probably owing to the combined effects of
      a decreased plasma binding capacity for the androgen and increased hepatic
      testosterone A-ring reductase activity. These results indicate that alcohol
      markedly affects testosterone metabolism independently of cirrhosis or
      nutritional factors.

PMID- 958275
TI  - Septicemia and meningitis in children splenectomized for hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Retrospective evaluation of the occurrence of septicemia and meningitis in 200
      children who had staging laparotomy iwth splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease
      revealed 20 episodes occurring in 18 children. Symptoms were usually fulminant;
      only 10 of these patients survived their episode. Infections occurred eight days
      to three years after splenectomy. Adolescents, as well as younger children, were
      affected; half were older than 10 years of age. Leukopenia was not a major factor
      in onset or survival since the average white-cell count was 12,000 in both
      survivors and children who died. Pneumonococcus accounted for 50 per cent, and
      streptococcus for 15 per cent of infections; there was one episode each of
      Haemophilus influenzae and meningococcus; in 25 per cent, no organism was
      isolated. Predominance of penicillin-sensitive organisms and high mortality
      suggest that penicillin prophylaxis and the protection offered by bacterial
      vaccines should be evaluated in children with Hodgkin's disease whose staging
      laparotomy includes splenectomy.

PMID- 958276
TI  - Intrahepatic cholestasis in childhood.
AB  - The apparent well-being of some children who as neonates were believed to have
      obstructive jaundice prompted us to study the clinical course, histologic
      features and possible etiologic factors in 17 children with cholestasis in the
      neonatal period. During a follow-up period of five months to 22 years, all had
      signs of chronic cholestasis, but only four died (two from nonhepatic causes);
      the others live remarkably normal lives. Serial hepatic biopsies in 11 showed a
      variety of initial lesions, which progressed to hypoplasia of the intrahepatic
      bile ducts, increasing portal fibrosis and eventual cirrhosis. Although evidence
      of possible viral infection was found in only 10 cases, a hepatitis, beginning
      either before or after birth, appears to be a likely original cause. The
      histologic changes seen may represent different stages of one process, starting
      as cholestasis with or without evidence of hepatitis and progressing to
      obliteration or failure of normal growth of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

PMID- 958277
TI  - Drug therapy of parkinsonism.

PMID- 958278
TI  - Granulomatous myositis and myopathy associated with crohn's colitis.

PMID- 958279
TI  - A national genetic-disease program: some issues of implementation.

PMID- 958280
TI  - Editorial: Sex and alcohol: a second peek.

PMID- 958281
TI  - Editorial: Vitrectomy.

PMID- 958282
TI  - Editorial: Quenchless quest for questionable cure.

PMID- 958283
TI  - Fatal intra-partum fetal asphyxia.

PMID- 958284
TI  - Letter: Breast changes in males on cimetidine.

PMID- 958286
TI  - Letter: Medical audit by any other name would be sweeter.

PMID- 958285
TI  - Letter: Pregnancy in penicillamine-treated patients with Wilson's disease.

PMID- 958287
TI  - Platelet coagulant activities and serum lipids in transient cerebral ischemia.
AB  - To determine whether platelets play a part in the pathogenesis of transient
      cerebrovascular ischemia, we studied 22 patients with transient ischemia, 18
      control patients and 38 normal subjects. Platelet aggregation and [14C]-serotonin
      release by ADP, epinephrine and collagen were normal in all patients, as were
      plasma coagulation assays, except for shortened partial thromboplastin times in
      the patients with transient ischemia. Platelet coagulant activities concerned
      with initiation and early stages of intrinsic coagulation were increased two to
      three times in 12 patients with transient ischemic attacks with normal serum
      lipids and normal in the 10 others with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. These
      results indicate an association between platelet coagulant hyperactivity and
      transient ischemic attacks in a group of patients with normal serum lipids.

PMID- 958288
TI  - Gender of offspring after oral-contraceptive use.
AB  - We examined the sex of offspring born after oral-contraceptive use according to
      duration of contraceptive use and the interval between cessation of use and
      conception for 6109 live births. The overall proportion of male births (with 90
      per cent confidence) falls between 0.491 and 0.512. These data exclude with high
      probability a shift in the sex distribution of the magnitude previously
      hypothesized, and are not consistent with even a moderate shift in sex
      distribution. Sex of offspring was not related to total duration of oral
      contraceptive use, duration of use since any previous pregnancy or interval
      between termination of use and conception. It appears that oral contraceptives
      have no bearing on the sex of subsequent offspring.

PMID- 958289
TI  - Respiratory failure associated with familial depression of ventilatory response
      to hypoxia and hypercapnia.
AB  - Respiratory failure has been associated with depressed ventilatory responses to
      hypoxia or hypercapnia or both. The possibility that familial factors are
      responsible for decreased chemosensitivity prompted this study of a child with
      unexplained respiratory failure and normal lung function. We found his
      ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia to be virtually absent. Studies
      of six healthy immediate family members (parents and siblings) showed that
      hypoxic response, as measured by an index of the relation between ventilation and
      hypoxia (index A), was consistently reduced: 45 +/- 8.7 S.E.M. (normal, 127 +/-
      8.7) (P less than 0.005). Response to hypercapnia, measured as the slope of the
      ventilatory response to hypercapnia, was lower than normal, averaging 0.95 +/-
      0.16 liters per minute per millimeter of mercury (normal, 1.76 +/- 0.13) (P less
      than 0.01). The patient's respiratory failure seemed related to deficient
      ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. It seems likely that this
      depressed hypoxic response is of familial origin.

PMID- 958290
TI  - Strategies for financing national health insurance: who wins and who loses.
AB  - Two sources of funds are available to underwrite the costs of any national health
      insurance plan: prepayments (premiums, payroll taxes and income taxes) and out-of
      pocket payments (coinsurance and deductibles). The extent to which taxes rather
      than premiums are used to finance an insurance program will be the major
      determinant of how large a share of the costs of health care will be borne by
      higher-income groups. The extent to which coinsurance and deductible provisions
      are reduced or waived for low-income persons will have a less important, but
      still substantial, role in determining how the costs of a program are
      distributed. These financing principles, once understood, provide a basis for the
      design of health-insurance legislation that will achieve any pattern of income
      redistribution that may be desired.

PMID- 958291
TI  - Difficult intubation.

PMID- 958292
TI  - Mercury embolization of the lung.

PMID- 958293
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 42-1976.

PMID- 958294
TI  - Editorial: Chemical regulation of ventilation: who needs it?

PMID- 958295
TI  - Editorial: The case of the Hoover paper.

PMID- 958296
TI  - Letter: Publicity-seeking N.E.J.M.

PMID- 958297
TI  - Letter: Laboratory diagnosis of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 958298
TI  - Letter: Metronidazole as a radiosensitizer.

PMID- 958299
TI  - Letter: Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.

PMID- 958300
TI  - Letter: Distribution of HLA haplotypes in polymyalgia rheumatica.

PMID- 958301
TI  - Letter: Familial gastric polyposis (cont.).

PMID- 958302
TI  - Letter: Method of passing endoscope through upper esophageal sphincter.

PMID- 958303
TI  - Letter: Anatomy of tracheal rings.

PMID- 958304
TI  - Letter: Matching program for medical-school admissions.

PMID- 958305
TI  - Lipid oxidation. Part. 1. Effect of free carboxyl group on the decomposition of
      lipid hydroperoxide.
AB  - Hydroperoxido butyl oleate was decomposed by heating in excess palmitic acid at
      60-120 degrees C. The decomposition followed the kinetics of a first order
      reaction with formation of both monomeric and oligomeric secondary products. The
      proportions of oligomers slightly increased with increasing reaction temperature
      and decreased with increasing concentration of hydroperoxide. The activation
      energy was 70.4 kJ/mol +/- 4.7 kJ/mol. The decomposition of hydroperoxides
      proceeded partially by monomolecular cleavage, partially by formation of esters
      with palmitic acid.

PMID- 958306
TI  - [Spinning of rapeseed proteins].
AB  - Alkaline solutions of a mixture from rapeseed globulin and casein show plastic
      flow, which is influenced by protein concentration, relation of rapeseed globulin
      and casein, temperature and time of storage of the protein solution. The sodium
      hydroxide concentration with a great variability doesn't take effect on the
      rheological properties. With increasing content of casein in such alkaline
      solutions of rapeseed globuline and casein results an approach to NEWTONian flow.
      The spinnability of alkaline solutions of a mixture from rapeseed globulin and
      casein and the properties of the corresponding spun protein fibers are influenced
      by protein concentration, relation of rapeseed globulin and casein of the
      spinning solution and temperature of coagulating bath. The sodium hydroxide
      content of the spinning solution and the hydrochloric acid concentration of the
      coagulating bath with a great variability don't take effect. The spinnability of
      alkaline solutions of a mixture from rapeseed albumin starchsulphate and casein
      and the properties of the corresponding spun protein fibers compared to rapeseed
      globulin-casein mixtures are influenced additionally by sodium hydroxide
      concentration of the spinning solution and hydrochloric acid content of
      coagulating bath. The favourable influence on the properties of spun rapeseed
      albuminstarchsulphate-casein fibers isn't increased by a growth of the rapeseed
      albumin starchsulphate content more then 4% of the protein concentration of the
      spinning solution.

PMID- 958307
TI  - [Effect of starchsulfate on properties of protein fibers].
AB  - Admixture of starchsulphate to an alkaline spinning solution of proteins
      increases the thermostability of the corresponding spun protein fibers.

PMID- 958308
TI  - [Formation of dichlorvos residues on cereal products].
AB  - Dichlorvos should be used in mill rooms where milling products are stored. The
      contamination of foods stored in such rooms strongly depends on the mode of
      application, the concentration of the agent and the temperature. The authors deal
      with the extent of contamination under various conditions and with the
      degradation rate in contaminated flours.

PMID- 958309
TI  - Conformational study of alpha1-acid glycoprotein.

PMID- 958310
TI  - [Field test for determination of mercury in cereals and cereal products].
AB  - By means of the method described, rapid semiquantitative mercury determinations
      may be performed without energy supply in cereals and cereal products. The
      mercury ions which are liberated by digestion with concentrated H2SO4 and KMnO4
      are determined with the aid of a colorimetric method which is based on the
      formation of a coloured complex of mercury with di-beta-naphthyl-thiocarbazone.
      The method permits visual comparison of mercury concentrations ranging from 0.1
      to 13 mug, revealing concentration differences up to 0,1 mug. The rate of
      recovery is 76%.

PMID- 958311
TI  - Carbohydrate-peptide linkage in glycoproteins.

PMID- 958312
TI  - [Vitamin A determination in commercially produced feeds. 2. Vitamin A
      determination in mixed feeds].
AB  - On the basis of a study of methods for the determination of vitamin A in mixed
      feeds, it is shown that both the vitamin A determination according to CARR and
      PRICE and the determination of anhydro-vitamin A yield valid results. With regard
      to accuracy, easy performance and productivity, the determination of anhydro
      vitamin A is the better suited method.

PMID- 958313
TI  - Hexokinase isoenzymes in tissues of the adult and developing guinea pig.

PMID- 958314
TI  - Genetic association of increases in naphthalene, acetanilide, and biphenyl
      hydroxylations with inducible aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in mice.

PMID- 958315
TI  - Quantitation of submandibular proteins resolved from normal individuals and
      children with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 958316
TI  - Macromolecular synthesis in permeable liver cells.

PMID- 958317
TI  - Interactions of metal cations with lipid-depleted chloroplasts.

PMID- 958318
TI  - Oligosaccharides of human milk. Isolation of a new pentasaccharide, lacto-N
      fucopentaose taose V.

PMID- 958319
TI  - Differentiation of beta-glucocerebrosidase from beta-glucosidase in human tissues
      using sodium taurocholate.

PMID- 958320
TI  - [In vitro study on effect of body weight on deiodination of L-diiodotyrosine and
      L-thyroxine in liver and kidney of rats on standard diets].
AB  - The effect of body weight on the deiodination of L-di-iodotyrosine and L-thyroxin
      in the liver and kidney was studied in vitro in male Wistar rats of same age, but
      differing in weight (light and heavy, respectively), which were fed a standard
      diet. In the livers of the heavy animals, the deiodination of L-di-iodotyrosine
      and L-thyroxin was significantly lower than in those of the light animals. As to
      the kidneys, no such difference was observed. From a comparison with literature
      data it is concluded that the reduction in deiodination in the livers of the
      heavy animals might be due to a reduction in thyroid hormone metabolism.

PMID- 958321
TI  - The use of proteolytic enzymes to determine the location of histones in
      chromosomal substructures.

PMID- 958322
TI  - [In vitro study of deiodination of L-diiodotyrosine and L-thyroxine in liver of
      dietetically fat rats].
AB  - Beginning with the fifth week of life, male Wistar rats were fed a diet
      containing, respectively, 3 and 50 per cent fat (corresponding to, respectively,
      7 and 75 per cent fat of total calories). The differences in body weight between
      the two groups were 64 per cent for 10-week-old rats, and 71 per cent for 6-month
      old rats. For these animals, the extent of the enzymatic deiodination of L
      diiodotyrosine and L-thyroxin was determined in liver homogenate supernatants. In
      the 10-week-old rats as well as in the 6-month-old rats on high-fat diet, the
      deiodination of L-di-iodotyrosine was significantly lower than in the animals on
      low-fat diet, whereas the diodination of L-thyroxin was significantly higher. It
      is concluded that the fat content of the diet exerts an inhibiting effect on the
      deiodination of L-di-iodotyrosine and an enhancing effect on the deiodination of
      L-thyroxin.

PMID- 958323
TI  - Hepatic ethanol metabolism: respective roles of alcohol dehydrogenase, the
      microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system, and catulase.

PMID- 958324
TI  - Studies on base-exchange reactions of phospholipids in rat brain. Heterogeneity
      of base-exchange enzymes.

PMID- 958325
TI  - Metabolism of absorbed aspartate, asparagine, and arginine by rat small intestine
      in vivo.

PMID- 958326
TI  - [Effect of diet on deiodination of L-diiodotyrosine and L-thyroxine in rat
      liver].
AB  - Male Wistar rats of same weight were used to study the effects of diets
      containing, respectively, 3 and 50 per cent (by weight) fat on the deiodination
      of L-di-iodotyrosine and L-thyroxin in the liver. For this purpose, liver
      homogenate supernatants were analysed. The deiodination of L-di-iodotyrosine was
      significantly lower in the animals on high-fat diet than in those on low-fat
      diet, whereas the deiodination of L-thyroxin was significantly higher. It is
      concluded that not the body weight, but the diet influences the extent of
      deiodination.

PMID- 958327
TI  - Glutathione S-transferase AA from rat liver.

PMID- 958328
TI  - Subcellular localization of the F1 and F2 isozymes of horse liver aldehyde
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 958329
TI  - [Fast phosphorus test in foodstuffs].

PMID- 958330
TI  - Inhibition of the polyadenylation reaction in vitro by polyamines.

PMID- 958331
TI  - [Fast ashing method for foodstuffs].

PMID- 958332
TI  - [Chlorotoluidine and chlorodianisidine as thin layer chromatography reagents for
      patulin].

PMID- 958333
TI  - [Thin layer chromatographic analysis of biogenic amines].

PMID- 958334
TI  - [Study on test errors in phosphorus and urea determinations according to TGL 80
      21875/12 and 35-Food analysis].

PMID- 958335
TI  - Lipid oxidation. Part 2. Oxidation products of olive oil methyl esters.
AB  - Olive oil was converted into methyl esters which were autoxidized at 60 degrees
      C. The composition of oxidized products was determined by the comparison of
      infrared spectra and NMR spectra of the original and acetylated samples, the
      sample reduced with potassium iodide and the acetylated reduced sample. Oxidized
      products were separated by preparative thin layer chromatography on silica gel
      and characterized by selective detection and by infrared spectrometry of the
      fractions. The oxidation products consisted of hydroperoxido butyl oleate,
      substituted hydroperoxides, mono- and disubstituted monomeric derivatives and a
      small amount of oligomers.

PMID- 958336
TI  - Photometric determination of dithiocarbamate residues by carbon disulphide
      evaluation method.
AB  - A review of analytical methods for determination of dithiocarbamate residues by
      carbon disulphide evaluation method was made. On basis of KEPPEL method the
      colorimetric step was modified. For this purpose the reaction of hydrogen
      sulphide with p-aminodimethylaniline in the presence of ferric and zinc ions to
      form methylene blue was applied. The coloured compound after a chloroform
      extraction was measured at 650 nm. The method gives a very high sensitivity of
      about 2 mug. Recoveries obtained with zineb and maneb for various crops are
      satisfactory.

PMID- 958337
TI  - [Lysosomal enzymes in starvation after regimen of single or all-day feeding].
AB  - The authors studied in rats the effect of starving from 24 to 96 hours after a
      regimen of single or all-day feeding. They determined in liver homogenate the
      total activities of beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and beta
      glucuronidase as well as the free activities of the two first-mentioned enzymes.
      The activity of beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase was also determined in the blood.
      It was found that the total activity of beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase in the
      liver homogenate increased with the length of starvation. The free and serum
      activities of the enzymes under investigation showed similar changes. These
      increases were more marked in rats subjected to a single-feeding regimen before
      starving. These changes are explained as an expression of the active
      participation of the lysosomes and their enzymes in the transition to endogenous
      feeding. The lysosomal membrane was more sensitive in starving animals which had
      been subjected to a single-feeding regimen.

PMID- 958338
TI  - [Meat quality of broiler rabbits. 2. Chemical composition of meat of valuable cut
      up parts of New Zealand white rabbits and hybrids of different body weight].
AB  - Studies were carried out on the chemical composition of the meat of valuable cut
      up parts in 88 broiler rabbits (51 New Zealand White, 37 hybrids). Muscles of
      legs and backs differed in nutrient content. The fat content of legs was higher
      than that of M.long.dorsi, and directly related to increasing carcass weights. As
      to the varieties mostly insignificant effects on chemical constituents were
      measured. There were but a few correlations between the analysed qualitative
      properties.

PMID- 958339
TI  - [New results on migration behavior of benzophenone-based UV absorbents from
      polyolefins in foods].
AB  - The authors deal with the migration behaviour of bezophenone-based ultraviolet
      absorbents for commodities of low-pressure polyethylene, high-pressure
      polyethlene, polypropylene and polystyrene. These ultraviolet-absorbent
      stabilized plastics (up to 0.5% of ultraviolet absorbent) show a very slight
      tendency of the light stabilizers towards migration into aqueous, acid or dilute
      alcoholic foods. Very high migration values are obtained for sunflower oil,
      Fettsimulans HB 307 or 50% ethanol. The amount of 2-hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone
      which migrates into fat-free foods is only a fraction of the maximum daily dose;
      a risk to the consumers' health might thus be excluded. In fat-containing foods,
      the maximum daily dose is also not reached, but the single migration value is
      higher than the limit value (100 p.p.m.) for total migration. Consequently, the
      above ultraviolet absorbents should not be used for the ultraviolet stabilization
      of plastics designed for packing these products. An evaluation of the safety of
      ultraviolet absorbents of the Dastib type will be possible only if sufficient
      toxicological data are available.

PMID- 958340
TI  - [Rheology and spinning of alkaline solutions of sunflower seed globulin and
      casein].
AB  - The specific demand of sodium hydroxide is determined for the dissolution of
      sunflower seed globulin, casein and a mixture of them to equal parts. In low
      protein-containing solutions it depends for sunflower seed globulin very much on
      the sodium chloride concentration. From sunflower seed globulin, casein and a
      mixture of them to equal parts are prepared with sodium hydroxide high protein
      containing alkaline solutions. Sunflower seed globulin forms temporally a gel
      phase. After this phase the solution of sunflower seed globulin shows like casein
      and a mixture of sunflower seed globulin/casein (I:I) pseudoplastic flow. The
      flow curves of the pseudoplastic solutions are described mathematically with the
      OSWALDian power statement. By alkaline solutions of casein and sunflower seed
      globulin/casein (I:I) the flow exponent n is distributed statistically about 0.9,
      by solutions of sunflower seed globulin a distribution exists about the mean
      values n = 0.85 and n = 0.50. lg k depends in all protein solutions on the
      concentration of protein, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and on the
      temperature and time. For all protein solutions exists a linear relation between
      the logarithm of viscosity and the reciprocal temperature for lg k and I/T, which
      is derived normally for NEWTONian flow behaviour. In a suitable scope of spinning
      for all protein solutions are carried out complete factorial experiment, which
      guide to regression equations of lg k; in the case of sunflower seed globulin are
      calculated also a regression equation of the flow exponent n. Going out from the
      parameters of the spinning process the properties of the spun sunflower seed
      globulin/casein (I:I) fibers are described.

PMID- 958341
TI  - Volatile sulfur compounds contributing to meat flavour. Part. I. Components
      identified in boiled meat.
AB  - Volatile sulfur compounds from 3 samples of boiled meat (Longissimus dorsi and
      shoulder meat) have been isolated, separated from the whole flavour complex by
      mercuric chloride precipitation, regenerated, and examined by gas chromatography.
      Identification has been carried through by determining Kovats-indices on 4 gas
      chromatographic columns of different polarity. 29 sulfur compounds have been
      identified with high certainty, 10 tentitatively. Among 17 thiols, 8 sulfides, 7
      disulfides and trisulfides, and 7 heterocyclic compounds only 11 substances have
      been described previously in literature. The number of mercaptans especially
      exceeds hitherto knowledge.

PMID- 958342
TI  - Nutrition and flavour-legislation.
AB  - Our food laws have to provide for safety of food and to ensure that the consumer
      is not misled. We are no longer in a position to manufacture food without
      additives and especially without flavours. For physiological reasons, our food
      should be offered in a wide variety; an increasing number of food preparations
      has no natural flavour at all and needs to be flavoured and the industrial
      manufacture of food requires the flavours to be properly developed in order to
      withstand the sometimes rather drastic conditions of manufacture. The safety of
      flavours and flavouring substances is discussed. It is shown that the class of
      nature-identical flavouring substances has to be treated separately for practical
      purposes of food control and because the substances of this group offer more
      certainty with regard to their safety. Some suggestions are made regarding the
      proper labelling of food which contains flavours. The IOFI (International
      Organization of the Flavour Industry) model law is discussed which should serve
      as a basic proposal for the international harmonisation of national food laws.

PMID- 958343
TI  - Changes of sensory value by interaction of alkanals with amino acids and
      proteins.
AB  - Alkanals as carriers of rancid flavour of fat-containing foods were stored in
      mixtures with nonlipidic substances. The intensity of odour due to alkanals
      decreased with increasing time of storage, the changes being more pronounced in
      case of casein than in that of cellulose. Results of sensory tests did not depend
      on the molecular mass of aldehyde. The water content affected the sensory
      evaluation only slightly. The formation of aldolization products or polymers and
      of gluey flavour compounds modified the character of flavour and confused less
      experienced judges. Both the binding of alkanals and the aldolization reactions
      were enhanced by presence of primary amino groups.

PMID- 958344
TI  - [Development of fish flavor by reaction of autoxidized lipids with amino acids
      and proteins].
AB  - The rancid fish-oil flavour of autoxidized tetraene, pentaene and hexaene fatty
      acid esters disappears during storage or heating with free amino acids or
      proteins. Simultaneously, a flavour of raw, roasted or fried fish develops. The
      development of this fish flavour is of particular intensity in mixtures
      containing lysine or some other amino acids. Blocking of the free amino groups in
      casein or albumin inhibits the development of a fish flavour in mixtures with
      oxidized lipids. If the mixtures are added with lysine, the fish flavour
      reappears. The development of a fish flavour is associated with browning
      reactions.

PMID- 958345
TI  - [Notes about molecular weights of aroma compounds].
AB  - Classification of 2000 food aroma compounds as to their molecular weight shows an
      accumulation in the range of 135 to 155, and an upper limit of 310. Molecular
      masses of substances with high aroma effectiveness are below 200. As aroma
      compounds are composed only of the elements C, H, O, N and S, even numbers of
      molecular masses predominate among these substances. A periodicity with an
      interval of 7 units of molecular mass observed seems to be caused by the presence
      of complete homologuous series of compounds within the range of low molecular
      masses.

PMID- 958346
TI  - [Bouquet qualification of wines by gas chromatography. 1. Experimental method for
      gas phase analysis].
AB  - In the course of our investigations we tried to find a method for the bouquet
      qualification of wines by gas chromatography. For this purpose, instead of aroma
      research studies requiring complex equipment and laboursome precise laboratory
      work, we developed a method for head space analysis functioning with simple
      experimental instruments and being sufficiently fast for serial routine work. By
      the method developed, the head space of a great number of samples taken from 7
      different wine-types have been successfully examined. Errors of measurement were
      checked by standard deviation analysis and the values obtained (3,23%) were found
      satisfactory. According to the above, our head space analysis may provide a
      satisfactory basis for elaborating a method for the instrumental bouquet
      qualification of wines.

PMID- 958347
TI  - [Bouquet qualification of wines by gas chromatography. 2. Development of
      measuring unit for bouquet qualification by determination of relationship of
      chromatographic peak areas and conditions of application].
AB  - In a previous paper we described a method by which routine head-space analysis of
      wines can be performed with sufficiently accurate results by means of gas
      chromatography. From the results thus obtained, with application of organoleptic
      data, chemical and classical analytical parameters of aromatic changes during
      seasoning and storing wines as well as mathematical-statistical data of the
      method elaborated, a mathematical relationship has been derived between gas
      chromatographic peak areas characteristic of different aroma components and the
      bouquet of wine. Reliability of the method has been verified by the fact that, in
      spite of the small number of samples, the bouquet of seven different types of
      wine could be discriminated in 95,45% probalility. The method allows arbitrary
      choice in the number of samples and in the degree of reliability required, in
      investigating the quality of a wine. For this purpose, another mathematical
      relationship has been set up to provide criteria for the distinction of the
      quality of bouquets. By this method, the bouquet of various types of wines or
      within an identical type, the bouquet of different vintages and/or bottlings can
      be determined.

PMID- 958348
TI  - Technological studies on the dehydration of the Nile bolti fish (Tilapia
      nilotica).
AB  - Chemical and microbiological analysis of bolti fish: moisture, chloride, fat,
      total volatile bases (T.V.B.), thiobarbituric acid value (T.B.A.), total
      bacterial count and coliforms were estimated in fresh bolti fish, after brining,
      drying and during storage at room temperature for 3 months. The moisture content
      decreased after drying but become stable during the storage period. Chloride
      increased after bringing but no noticeable changes were observed after drying and
      during 3 months storage. The fat content was not affected by previously
      processes. T.V.B. and T.B.A. increased after brining, drying and throughout
      storage period. The rate of increase was higher for dehydrated samples than for
      sun-dried ones. The reduction of total bacterial count is due to the high salt
      content and the lack of free water in fish tissues after drying. Coliforms were
      not present after brining, drying and throughout the storage periods.

PMID- 958349
TI  - Lipids of two Cassia species and Datura stramonium seeds.
AB  - The fatty acid constitution of three seed-oils, namely, Cassia alexandrina,
      Cassia italica and Datura stramonium, were carried out using gas chromatographic
      analysis. The glyceride structure of these oils was computed using the technique
      of pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. The phospholipids fraction of these oils were
      identified using thin layer chromatography, also the fatty acid constitution of
      the phosphilipids were determined quantitatively by gas liquid chromatography.

PMID- 958350
TI  - [Measurement of emulsion stability].
AB  - For the routine assessment of the stability of water-in-oil emulsions, the
      authors suggest to determine the beginning of de-emulsification or to measure the
      stability constant at 38 degrees C., since these methods yield fairly
      reproducible results and require but little time and laboratory outfit. More
      accurate results will be obtained only by conductance measurements.

PMID- 958351
TI  - [Behavior of various blood parameters of carbohydrate and fat metabolism of light
      and heavy-weight rats of varying age and different diet groups].
AB  - The sera from light and heavy-weight rats varying in age and belonging to
      different groups on, respectively, pellets or diets containing 3% or 50% of fat
      were analysed for pyruvate, lactate, aceto-acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, free
      fatty acids, triglycerides and total cholesterol. There were no significant
      differences in these parameters between light and heavy-weight animals of the
      same diet group. The total cholesterol content increased with age in the rats
      which were fed pellets. These findings are compared with previous results of the
      authors and discussed in the light of recent literature.

PMID- 958352
TI  - [Vitamin B1 determination in ready-to-use infant food].
AB  - The authors report of a modification to the vitamin B1 determination (thiochrome
      method) according to the Specification TGL 18230. Extract purification is
      considerably simplified by using the KPS cation exchanger. The measurements were
      performed by means of the Spekol spectrophotometer with fluorescence attachment.
      In this way, also industrial laboratories with modest outfit are enable to make
      vitamin B1 determinations. Already after 2-3 months of storage, the thiamine
      values of the fruit and vegetable baby foods tested lay in part at the lower
      limit of the stated values. Possibilities of improving the thiamine values are
      discussed.

PMID- 958353
TI  - [Germ reduction in technical enzyme preparations with special regard to gamma
      irradiation].
AB  - For toxicological and hygienic reasons, the use of enzymes as technical additives
      is not admitted in various food industries if the germ counts of the preparations
      to be used exceed the respective tolerance values. In this connection, the
      authors report some results from attempts to reduce the germ content of a
      protease preparation, especially by gamma radiation. A gamma ray dose of I Mrad
      permitted to obtain germ-free preparations without considerable loss of enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 958354
TI  - [Significance of byssochlamic acid in fruit juice mold].
AB  - The authors describe a method for the determination of byssochlamic acid in fruit
      juice. After extraction and purification, byssochlamic acid is separated by thin
      layer chromatography on HF 254 silica gel. The quenching of fluorescence of
      byssochlamic acid is estimated quantitatively on the plate by means of the thin
      layer attachment of a fluorescence spectrophotometer using reference substances.
      For fruit juices the recovery rate is 80%; the limit of detection lies at 0.5
      p.p.m. Byssochlamic acid could not be detected in commercially-available fruit
      juice and neither in juices produced of fruits which had spontaneously got
      mouldy.

PMID- 958355
TI  - [An organoleptic method for determining optimal flavor composition of foods by
      exchange of constituents].

PMID- 958356
TI  - Characteristics of prickly lettuce seed oil in relation to methods of extraction.
AB  - Samples of seed oil of prickly lettuce (Lactuca Sacriola oleifera) which had been
      obtained by pressing or by extracting with acetone, ethyl ether, petroleum ether
      or carbon tetrachloride were analysed for the following parameters: viscosity,
      saponification number, iodine number, thiocyanogen value, unsaponifiable matter,
      free fatty acids, peroxide number and fatty acid composition. The different
      parameters varied in part considerably in relation to the method of production
      (pressing or solvent extraction) and to the solvent. It is tried to interprete
      these relationships.

PMID- 958357
TI  - Control of postharvest decay in fruits and vegetables by irradiation.
AB  - This paper deals with the effect of postharvest gamma-irradiation of strawberries
      and carrots on their organoleptic quality, storage capacity and chemical
      composition. Radiation doses of 25 krad for strawberries and 75 krad for carrots
      were chosen as optimum doses not causing significant changes in the organoleptic
      quality. We found that strawberries and carrots irradiated at a doseof 25 and 75
      krad respectively, retained its microbiological stability even during storage at
      12 degrees C (strawberries) and at 25-30 degrees C (carrots), respectively. It
      was also found that changes in chemical composition depend on storage temperature
      and time and are not affected substantially by irradiation.

PMID- 958358
TI  - Histochemical, biochemical and ultrastructural studies on the liver of fasted
      rats.
AB  - The subjection of rats with body weight 150 +/- 10 g to complete starvation for a
      period of four days leads to a diminution of total protein, total lipids, blood
      sugar, body weight and liver weight. Lipid dystrophy develops in the liver, as
      well as deposition of lipofuscin-like pigment and atrophy. Lipid dystrophy and
      desposition of pigment increase during the first three days and abruptly decrease
      during the fourth. Atrophy is a progressive process. The delineation of three
      phases in the atrophic - dystrophic process is possible with the application of
      histological, enzyme-histochemical, morphometric, biochemical and electron
      microscopic methods: Phase I (first 24 hours) - a common adaptive phase. It
      engages both the liver, which must utilize the increased nutrients from the
      organism depots and the homeostatic mechanisms of the organism as a whole. Phase
      II - (second and third 24 hours) - alterative-restorative, manifested markedly at
      the liver parenchimal level and especially by autophagic lysosome function. Phase
      III - (fourth 24 hours) - alterative. Exhaustion of adaptive-restorative liver
      process (and the hepatocyte in particular), and the organism as a whole as well.

PMID- 958359
TI  - [Behavior of some parameters of lipid and energy metabolism. 1. Behavior of the
      stationary concentrations of acetyl CoA, acetoacetate and adenosine phosphates in
      liver, as well as oxygen consumption and P/O ratios in liver homogenates of
      growing rats on diets differing in fat content].
AB  - Young rats were maintained on diets differing in fat content. The determination
      of certain parameters of the lipid and the energy metabolism in the liver showed
      that a high-fat diet resulted in a reduction of the stationary level of acetyl
      CoA, an increase in the concentration of acetoacetate and a reduction of the
      adenosine triphosphate content and the so-called energy charge. In case of intact
      respiratory chain phosphorylation, the oxygen consumption of the respective liver
      homogenates was simultaneously increased. The results obtained with a high-fat
      diet are indicative of the attainment of a metabolic state which seems to be
      typical of metabolic regulations in growing rats subjected to anabolic
      lipometabolism.

PMID- 958360
TI  - [Behavior of some parameters of lipid and energy metabolism. 2. Activity of
      citrate synthase, ATP citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, and glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase in liver of growing rats on diets differing in fat content].
AB  - In continuation of previous investigations, the authors studied the behaviour of
      the activities of certain enzymes (citrate synthase, adenosine triphosphate
      citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in the
      livers of growing rats on diets differing in fat content. A high-fat diet
      resulted in a reduction of the activities of fatty acid synthase, glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase, whereas the
      activity of citrate synthase increased, which is interpreted in the sense of an
      acceleration of the introduction of acetyl residues into the citrate cycle for
      the purpose of oxidative final degradation, and as a removal of acetyl CoA for
      the purpose of fatty acid synthesis.

PMID- 958361
TI  - [New methods for evaluation and analysis of organoleptic qualities of foods and
      for calculation of changes. 9. Dependence of irradiation flavor of apple juice
      and concentrate on the gamma radiation dose].
AB  - Various authors have defined organoleptically the concept "cooking flavour" for
      heat-treated apple juice and concentrate. In a similar way, the "irradiation
      flavour" caused by gamma radiation is defined in the present paper. It has been
      found that the irradiation flavour is attributable to low-boiling substances
      which appear already in the first fraction if the modified MICKO distillation is
      performed. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) has been identified as the key substance in
      irradiation flavour. As further evidence may be quoted the similarity of the
      intensity of off-flavour which was observed also by gas chromatography at the
      same times of retention, and the removal of the irradiation flavour by means of a
      THF-specific agent (mercury acetate). In connection with THF solutions added to
      non-irradiated apple juice, the authors employed the technique of "subjective
      olfactometry", using the "absolute value scale", to establish mathematical
      correlations between the intensity of irradiation flavour and the concentration
      of off-flavour products in apple juice or concentrate. The dependence of the
      intensity of irradiation flavour on the THF concentration and the gamma radiation
      dose, respectively, obeyed an exponential function. Thus, it has been possible to
      calculate the amounts of THF formed by radiation doses varying from 0.64 to 2.55
      Mrad. Furthermore, the authors determined the minimum radiation dose for 12%
      apple juice and for 67% apple concentrate at which the irradiation flavour is
      first perceived (treshold of perception).

PMID- 958362
TI  - [Biochemical parameters of blood plasma, and body and organ weights of Wistar
      rats with dietarily-induced experimental obesity].
AB  - The authors investigated in rats with dietarily-induced obesity certain
      biochemical parameters of the blood plasma as well as body and organ weights
      during the dynamic and the static phase of obesity development. They determined
      total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea nitrogen and
      transaminases. After 4-5 weeks, the animals on a high-diet (50% of fat) had body
      weights which were, on an average, by 90% higher than those of the control
      animals. This difference persisted during the static phase. In the animals on a
      high-fat diet, body length was greater. The high-fat diet (which contains a great
      proportion of sunflower oil) leads to a decrease of the plasma cholesterol level
      in obese rats. The plasma-protein bodies, creatinine and urea nitrogen values as
      well as those for transaminases permit, as parameters for function and damage, to
      draw conclusions as to kidney and liver damages in the animals on high-fat diet.
      There were no differences in plasma protein between the control and experimental
      animals. On the contrary, obese rats showed in some cases high creatinine
      concentrations during the dynamic phase. Differences in urea nitrogen were not
      observed between the two groups of animals. Increases in alanine aminotransferase
      were found in the animals on high-fat diet as a manifestation of fatty
      degeneration of the liver. A synopsis of weight curves, biochemical parameters
      and histological findings permits the conclusion that, besides of dietarily
      induced metabolic alterations, no additional organic lesions occurred during the
      present animal experiment on dietarily-induced obesity.

PMID- 958363
TI  - [Feasibility of using meat from swine with diet-related yellow coloration of the
      fat].
AB  - The utilization of the flesh of swine objected to because of dietarily-induced
      yellowing of the fat is an economic problem. The causes of yellowing are
      explained on the basis of relevant literature and results from studies of the
      author. The potential use of this flesh in making raw sausages is investigated.
      The results obtained justify such an utilization. The knowledge acquired permits
      to recommend this flesh for the manufacture of "Knacker" (a highly seasoned dried
      sausage) and "Braunschweiger Mettwurst grob" (a kind of Bologna sausage).

PMID- 958364
TI  - Reactions of oxidized lipids with protein. XIII. Interactions of polar groups of
      lipids with nonlipidic substances.
AB  - Contrary to fresh lipids, oxidized lipids form chloroform-insoluble, but methanol
      soluble compounds with cellulose. The amount of chloroform-insoluble lipids is
      significantly higher in mixtures containing cellulose impregnated with albumin.
      Polar groups of oxidized lipids formed nonextractable compounds with protein more
      readily than polar groups of a monoglyceride. Compounds insoluble either in
      chloroform and in chloroform-methanol or methanol were formed in contact of
      oxidized lipids with protein, contrary to mixtures of lipids with sole cellulose.
      The formation of these nonextractable compounds is due both to the interaction of
      protein with hydroperoxides and with non-peroxidic oxidation products.

PMID- 958365
TI  - [New methods for analysis and evaluation of sensory qualities of foods and
      calculation of changes. 10. Quantitative titrimetric determination of irradiation
      flavor in apple juice and concentrate and its dependence on radiation dosage].
AB  - Irradiation flavour in apple juice and concentrate which is mainly attributable,
      according to our previous studies, to tetrahydrofuran (THF) that may be
      quantitatively determined by means of the so-called mercury acetate method. This
      is based on the fact that the amount of a 4% solution of mercury acetate needed
      for removing the THF odour is proportional to the THF concentration. Using this
      method, the amounts of THF produced by various gamma radiation doses (varying
      from 0.64 to 2.55 Mrad) could be determined titrimetrically. Calculations showed
      that the THF concentration increases linearly with the radiation dose. Thus, the
      minimum radiation doses at which the irradiation flavour is first perceived
      (threshold of perception) may be calculated readily. The mercury acetate method
      is also a model case of the use of subjective olfactometry for the quantitative
      determination of flavour key substances in foods so far as they may be
      quantitatively determined by means of chemical reactions since the endpoint of
      titration is controlled by the sense of smell.

PMID- 958366
TI  - [Nutritional study of field bean protein isolate and of spun field bean protein
      casein fibers].
AB  - The amino acid composition of the different field bean protein isolates shows a
      good correspondence. In relation to casein the content of the whole essential
      amino acids is low. In the first line the low content of methionine and cystine
      limits the biological value of this proteins. The content of lysine is relatively
      high. The enzymatic in vitro-hydrolysis results in a corresponding availability
      of the amino acids between the field bean proteins and casein. The digestibility
      is very good, the biological value with less than 50 relatively low. Apart from
      the low content of the sulphur containing amino acids the amino acid composition
      of the spun field bean protein/casein(I:I) fibers corresponds with the calculated
      value; the enzymatic availability of the fibers is also comparable with casein.
      The digestibility in the nitrogen balance test is very good and the biological
      value of the fiber corresponds with that of casein.

PMID- 958367
TI  - Deaths from accidental poisonings in 1974.

PMID- 958368
TI  - Hydrocarbon ingestions: an opinion.

PMID- 958369
TI  - Neutron diffraction studies of retinal rod outer segment membranes.
AB  - Neutron diffraction measurements on isolated retinal rod outer segments show that
      most of the visual pigment protein, rhodopsin, is embedded in the hydrophobic
      core of the disk membrane. A very slight outward shift of protein at the
      cytoplasmic side of the membrane is associated with pigment bleaching.

PMID- 958370
TI  - Aspartic acid racemisation in dentine as a measure of ageing.

PMID- 958371
TI  - Nucleating agents in the haemolymph of insects tolerant to freezing.

PMID- 958372
TI  - Benzpyrene induces sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes.

PMID- 958373
TI  - Expression of maternal and paternal antigens on trophoblast.

PMID- 958374
TI  - Successful induction of specific tolerance to transplantation antigens using
      autoimmunisation against the recipient's own natural antibodies.

PMID- 958375
TI  - Transition probability and the hormonal and density-dependent regulation of cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 958376
TI  - Identification of the cell multiplication inhibitory factors in interferon
      preparations as interferons.

PMID- 958377
TI  - Antiviral and cell growth inhibitory activities reside in the same glycoprotein
      of human fibroblast interferon.

PMID- 958378
TI  - Direct measurement of membrane motion and fluidity by electron microscopy.

PMID- 958379
TI  - Potentiation of central reward by localised perfusion of acetylcholine and 5
      hydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 958380
TI  - A sequential in vivo-in vitro study of carcinogenesis induced in the rat brain by
      ethylnitrosourea.

PMID- 958381
TI  - Native collagen formation by liver parenchymal cells in culture.

PMID- 958383
TI  - Aqueous glasses as matrices in freeze-fracture electron microscopy.

PMID- 958382
TI  - Initiation inhibition and reinitiation of the synthesis of heterogenous nuclear
      RNA in living cells.

PMID- 958384
TI  - The hinge-bending mode in lysozyme.

PMID- 958385
TI  - Structure of bilirubin.

PMID- 958386
TI  - Haemoglobin type and superovulation in ewes.

PMID- 958387
TI  - Learning-like phenomena in stereopsis.

PMID- 958388
TI  - Counter-intuitive property of effective population size.

PMID- 958389
TI  - Nematocyst discharge and the effects of antibiotics on feeding in hydra.

PMID- 958390
TI  - Excitability of nerve-free hydra.

PMID- 958391
TI  - Directional hearing in crickets.

PMID- 958392
TI  - Control of lymphokine secretion by prostaglandins.

PMID- 958393
TI  - Phorbol esters stimulate DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity in
      mouse epidermal cell cultures.

PMID- 958394
TI  - 2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid as a glutamate antagonist on locust muscle.

PMID- 958395
TI  - Susceptibility of teratocarcinoma cells to adenovirus type 2.

PMID- 958396
TI  - Rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase and NAD transferase activities in coliphage
      N4 virions.

PMID- 958397
TI  - Rhodopsin analogues from highly hindered 7-cis isomers of retinal.

PMID- 958398
TI  - The lipid bilayer as a "solvent" for small hydrophobic molecules.

PMID- 958399
TI  - Non-genetic individuality: chance in the single cell.

PMID- 958400
TI  - Antennal receptor response to sex pheromone mimics in the American cockroach.

PMID- 958401
TI  - Ecdysone and oocyte morphogenesis in Bombyx mori.

PMID- 958402
TI  - Testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by distribution of single locus
      heterozygosity.

PMID- 958403
TI  - Y chromosome visibility in quinacrine-stained human spermatozoa.

PMID- 958404
TI  - Plasma membrane glycoprotein which mediates adhesion of fibroblasts to collagen.

PMID- 958405
TI  - Temporary intestinal hypoxia induced by degradable microspheres.

PMID- 958406
TI  - Decrease of Na+ conductance during desensitisation of the frog endplate.

PMID- 958407
TI  - Bacteria necessary to produce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in
      acetylcholine receptor-immunised rabbits?

PMID- 958408
TI  - Structural properties of rat serum proteins which correlate with their
      degradative rates in vivo.

PMID- 958409
TI  - Accessibility of DNA in condensed chromatin to nuclease digestion.

PMID- 958410
TI  - Amphipathic enzyme-polymer conjugates.

PMID- 958411
TI  - Small-angle scattering experiments on biological materials using synchrotron
      radiation.

PMID- 958412
TI  - Model for action of local anaesthetics.
AB  - Sodium channels in nerve membranes are postulated to be surrounded by lipid
      molecules in the gel (or crystalline) phase. Addition of local anasethetics
      triggers a change in the surrounding lipids to the fluid, liquid crystalline
      phase, allowing the sodium channel to close with resulting local anaesthesia. The
      experimental evidence for this model is discussed.

PMID- 958413
TI  - Dietary practices and growth responses as predictors of longevity.

PMID- 958415
TI  - Evolution of responses to relative homozygosity.

PMID- 958414
TI  - Maintenance of fluid volume in the starfish water vascular system.

PMID- 958416
TI  - Non-random inactivation of X chromosome in the rat yolk sac.

PMID- 958417
TI  - Parallel distribution of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations.

PMID- 958418
TI  - Communication through fimbriae during conjugation in a fungus.

PMID- 958420
TI  - Novel approach to the treatment of hydatid disease.

PMID- 958419
TI  - Spleen cells from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice produce diffusible stimulator
      of eosinophilopoiesis in vivo.

PMID- 958421
TI  - Decreased uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in blood platelets from depressed
      patients.

PMID- 958423
TI  - Rod-cone mechanism underlying the Purkinje shift.

PMID- 958422
TI  - Re-examination of avian cochlear potentials.

PMID- 958424
TI  - Effects of enkephalin and morphine on Renshaw cells in feline spinal cord.

PMID- 958425
TI  - Depression of nociceptive and other neurones in the brain by iontophoretically
      applied met-enkephalin.

PMID- 958426
TI  - Changes in amino acid sensitivity during polypeptide "desensitisation".

PMID- 958427
TI  - Pancreatic gastrin in foetal and neonatal rats.

PMID- 958428
TI  - Kinetics of reaction in calcium-activated skinned muscle fibres.

PMID- 958429
TI  - Phosphorylation of troponin I and the inotropic effect of adrenaline in the
      perfused rabbit heart.

PMID- 958430
TI  - Increase in human skeletal muscle lactate produced by fenfluramine.

PMID- 958431
TI  - Regulation of ribosomal RNA methylation in a temperature-sensitive mutant of BHK
      cells.

PMID- 958432
TI  - Restriction of template capacity of rat liver chromatin by a non-histone peptide
      from calf thymus.

PMID- 958433
TI  - Indepencence of plasmid incompatibility and replication control functions in
      Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 958434
TI  - Low angle X-ray diffraction patterns of squid retina.

PMID- 958435
TI  - Letter: Ionic clustering and collagen specificity.

PMID- 958436
TI  - Letter: Retinal sensitivity to short wavelength light.

PMID- 958437
TI  - Cellular basis for the T wave of the electrocardiogram.
AB  - Differences in action potential duration in different regions of the mammalian
      ventricle are not systematically present when quiescent tissue is first
      stimulated, but develop rapidly during repetitive activity. The effects of
      ouabain and temperature suggest the involvement of the Na+-K+ exchange pump.

PMID- 958438
TI  - Lambda repressor regulates the switch between PR and Prm promoters.
AB  - The DNA region containing the Or operator, Pr and Prm promoters and their
      transcription initiations is sequenced. By binding to Or, repressor turns off Pr,
      turns on Prm and at higher concentrations turns off Prm, regulating its own
      synthesis. Prm mRNA is unique in beginning immediately with the initiation of
      translation, without a preceding leader sequence.

PMID- 958439
TI  - Inhibition of Leishmania donovani transformation by hamster spleen homogenates
      and active human lymphocytes.

PMID- 958440
TI  - Single ionic channels induced in lipid bilayers by polyene antibiotics
      amphotericin B and nystatine.

PMID- 958441
TI  - Release of novel prostaglandins and thromboxanes after immunological challenge of
      guinea pig lung.

PMID- 958442
TI  - Type of sensory nerve fibre sprouting to form a neuroma.

PMID- 958443
TI  - Polarised light-sensitive interneurones in a swimming crab.

PMID- 958444
TI  - Aerial gas exchange in Australian arid-zone crab, Parathelphusa transversa Von
      Martens.

PMID- 958445
TI  - Calcium couples flagellar reversal to photostimulation in Chlamydomonas
      reinhardtii.

PMID- 958446
TI  - Letter: Environmental effects on alcohol selection by mice.

PMID- 958447
TI  - Conformation of Met5-enkephalin determined by high field PMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 958448
TI  - Proton magnetic resonance studies of conformation and flexibility of enkephalin
      peptides.

PMID- 958449
TI  - Mode of deactivation of the enkephalins by rat and human plasma and rat brain
      homogenates.

PMID- 958450
TI  - Substance P and analgesia.

PMID- 958451
TI  - Colchicine inhibits mitogenesis in C1300 neuroblastoma cells that have been
      arrested in G0.

PMID- 958452
TI  - Inhibitory action of glutamic acid on cerebellar interneurones.

PMID- 958453
TI  - Growth of transplanted monoaminergic neurones into the adult hippocampus along
      the perforant path.

PMID- 958454
TI  - Combination of insulin chains on an anti-insulin antibody-Sepharose column.

PMID- 958455
TI  - Ion effects on macromolecules in aqueous solution.

PMID- 958456
TI  - Bacterial utilisation of organic matter in the deep sea.

PMID- 958457
TI  - Circadian rhythm of anaerobiosis in a polychaete annelid.

PMID- 958458
TI  - Plutonium isotope ratios in polychaete worms.

PMID- 958459
TI  - Occurrence of plutonium and americium in plaice from the north-eastern Irish Sea.

PMID- 958460
TI  - Appetitive learning, patterned alternation, and extinction in 10-d-old rats with
      non-lactating suckling as reward.

PMID- 958461
TI  - Models and statistics for species diversity.

PMID- 958462
TI  - Significance of impulse activity in the transformation of skeletal muscle type.
AB  - The changes which follow cross reinnervation of mammalian fast and slow twitch
      muscles may reflect a capacity of skeletal muscle to respond adaptively to
      different functional requirements. This interpretation is supported by
      experiments in which long-term electrical stimulation was used both to reproduce
      and to oppose the effects of cross reinnervation.

PMID- 958463
TI  - Sulphonium analogue of lecithin in diatoms.

PMID- 958464
TI  - Acquired resistance to infection with Schistosoma mansoni induced by Toxoplasma
      gondii.

PMID- 958465
TI  - Origin of immunoglobulin-albumin complexes.

PMID- 958466
TI  - Evidence for inhibin-like activity in bovine follicular fluid.

PMID- 958467
TI  - Simple model for treating evolution of multigene families.

PMID- 958468
TI  - Do increases in enzyme activities during muscle differentiation reflect
      expression of new genes?

PMID- 958469
TI  - Inhibitory effect of alpha-(1 leads to 6)-heterogalactan on oocyte maturation of
      starfish induced by 1-methyladenine.

PMID- 958470
TI  - Production of 14C- and 11C-labelled biomolecules using ionised gases.

PMID- 958471
TI  - Calculations for cancer radiotherapy with pion beams.

PMID- 958472
TI  - Structure of locust adipokinetic hormone, a neurohormone that regulates lipid
      utilisation during flight.
AB  - Adipokinetic hormone, isolated from locust corpora cardiaca, has been identified
      as a blocked peptide: PCA-Leu-Asn-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-Gly-Thr-NH2. The detailed
      structure is based on mass spectrometric data, substantiated in part by dansyl
      Edman and carboxypeptidase data on thermolytic fragments. This is the first
      peptide hormone from an insect neuroendocrine organ to be fully characterised.

PMID- 958473
TI  - Phenotypic variability of inbred and outbred mice.

PMID- 958474
TI  - Fine structural changes in human astrocyte carrier lines for measles virus.

PMID- 958475
TI  - Environmental carcinogens and large bowel cancer.

PMID- 958476
TI  - Possible mechanism for the biological action of lithium.

PMID- 958477
TI  - Beta-Endorphin as a potent analgesic by intravenous injection.

PMID- 958478
TI  - Comparative study on analgesic effect of Met5-enkephalin and related lipotropin
      fragments.

PMID- 958479
TI  - Selective activation of mesocortical DA system by stress.

PMID- 958480
TI  - Identification of actin-binding protein in membrane of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.

PMID- 958481
TI  - General anaesthetics can selectively perturb lipid bilayer membranes.

PMID- 958482
TI  - Complementary base pairing and the origin of substitution mutations.
AB  - On the basis of chemical considerations and model building, the Watson-Crick
      concept of complementary base pairing is extended to a wider range of DNA pairs
      that A-T and G-C (including A-C, G-T, A-A, G-G and G-A) by invoking imino or enol
      tautomers (or protonated species) and synisomers. The virtual absence of these
      additional base pairs from DNA is explained in terms of the low frequency with
      which these unfavoured forms occur and the two-step mechanism of DNA synthesis,
      whereby residues are first incorporated by the DNA polymerase and then checked.
      This base-pairing hypothesis is used to explain the origin, nature and level of
      spontaneous substitution mutations, their enhancement by base analogues, and the
      unique effects of certain mutator alleles.

PMID- 958483
TI  - Base pairing and fidelity in codon-anticodon interaction.
AB  - Base pairing in codon-anticodon interaction has been investigated in order to
      understand the basis on which particular base pairs have been selected for or
      against participation at the wobble position and the basis for codon-anticodon
      infidelity.

PMID- 958484
TI  - Crystal structure of elastase-substrate complex at -- 55 degrees C.
AB  - The structure of a specific acyl-enzyme intermediate in the elastase-catalysed
      hydrolysis of N-carbobenzoxy-L-alanyl-p-nitrophenol ester has been determined by
      X-ray diffraction at 3.5 A resolution. The acyl-enzyme was stabilised by cooling
      the crystal to --55 degrees C during substrate addition and data collection.

PMID- 958485
TI  - Imagery, affective arousal and memory consolidation.

PMID- 958486
TI  - Antagonism between visual channels for pattern and movement?

PMID- 958487
TI  - Correction to Fisher's correlations between relatives and environmental effects.

PMID- 958488
TI  - A simple mechanism for population cycles.

PMID- 958489
TI  - Selective IgA deficiency in chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis.

PMID- 958490
TI  - Complement-dependent adherence of mast cells to schistosomula.

PMID- 958491
TI  - Transmitter metabolism in substantia nigra after inhibition of dopaminergic
      neurones by butyrolactone.

PMID- 958492
TI  - Technique for studying synaptic connections of single motoneurones in man.

PMID- 958493
TI  - Voltage-dependent action of tetrodotoxin in mammalian cardiac muscle.

PMID- 958494
TI  - Evidence for an extranucleolar mechanism of actinomycin D action.

PMID- 958495
TI  - Possible pathway for prebiotic uracil synthesis by photodehydrogenation.

PMID- 958496
TI  - [Evolution and age of bacteria].

PMID- 958497
TI  - [Biochemical breakdown of chemically pure substances].

PMID- 958498
TI  - Effects of sublethal concentrations of herbicide on Daphnia.

PMID- 958499
TI  - [Heavy metals in sediments of Elbe near Stade: changes since 1973].

PMID- 958500
TI  - DNA content and ploidy of chromoplasts.

PMID- 958501
TI  - Induction of giant, multinucleate cells with tetraethyl lead.

PMID- 958502
TI  - The effect of inhibitors of extraneuronal uptake on the distribution of 3H-(+/
      )noradrenaline in nerve-free rabbit aortic strips.
AB  - 1. Nerve-free rabbit aortic strips were exposed to 1.18muM 3H-(+/-)noradrenaline
      for 30 min. When either MAO or COMT was inhibited, far more O-methylated (MAO
      inhibited) than deaminated metabolites (COMT inhibited) were formed during the
      incubation. The accumulation of unchanged amine in the extraneuronal stores was
      inversely related to the rate of metabolism. 2. After inhibition of both
      metabolizing enzymes, nerve-free strips were first incubated with the amine and
      then washed out with amine free solution. Compartmental analysis of the efflux
      curves showed that two extraneuronal compartments were involved in accumulation
      (with half times of efflux of 3 and 11 min, respectively). 3. 86muM
      corticosterone or 30muM phenoxybenzamine greatly decreased the accumulation of
      noradrenaline in these two compartments. 4. When corticosterone or
      phenoxybenzamine was added to the wash out solution only, the half time of the
      efflux from both compartments was greatly increased. However, this effect was
      seen only after inhibition of COMT and not after inhibition of MAO only (the
      filling of the extraneuronal stores with unchanged noradrenaline being better
      after inhibition of COMT than when this enzyme was intact). The effect of
      corticosterone appeared to be reversible, that of phenoxybenzamine irreversible.
      5. Analysis of the efflux of metabolites (in experiments in which only one enzyme
      was inhibited) indicated that corticosterone affected the efflux of noradrenaline
      but not that of the metabolites. 6. When either COMT or MAO was inhibited
      throughout the experiment, very little or no metabolism of noradrenaline occured
      during prolonged wash out. On the other hand, dis-inhibition of COMT during wash
      out (by the omission of U-0521 from the wash out solution after it had been
      present during the initial incubation) revealed that noradrenaline, stored
      extraneuronally during the initial incubation, is quickly O-methylated during
      wash out, especially when the efflux of the parent amine is inhibited by
      corticosterone. 7. The results show that COMT is the major extraneuronal
      noradrenaline-metabolizing enzyme of rabbit aorta, that inhibition of COMT is a
      pre-requisite for any corticosterone-sensitive accumulation of noradrenaline,
      that there are two important extraneuronal compartments (compartments III and IV;
      Henseling et al., 1976a), and that inhibitors of extraneuronal uptake inhibit
      both, influx and efflux of noradrenaline.

PMID- 958503
TI  - Lack of epinine formation in adrenal medulla and brain of rats during cold
      exposure and inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase.
AB  - Cold exposure of rats for 4 h and simultaneous inhibition of dopamine beta
      hydroxylase by FLA-63 (25mg/kg) led to a reduction of the catecholamine content
      of the adrenal medulla by 46% and of the brain by 68%. Additional injections of 5
      mg/kg FLA-63 4 and 9 h after beginning of the experiments, respectively, kept the
      catecholamine content on this low level (brain) or decreased it further (adrenal
      medulla). Administration of 5 mg/kg (-)DOPA together with the mono-amine oxidase
      inhibitor pargyline (50 mg/kg) 24 h after the first injection of FLA-63
      stimulated the resynthesis. It amounted for the adrenal medulla to 20 mug/kg body
      weight/8 h and for the brain to 45ng/g tissue wet weight/8 h. Paper
      chromatographic analyses of the extracts of adrenal medulla and brain,
      respectively, performed at each time of the different injections, clearly
      identified adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine (in traces) in the adrenal
      medulla as well as noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain; epinine on the
      contray could not be demonstrated, not even in traces. Since at least 25 ng of
      epinine can be detected with certainty by our method, it can be concluded that
      epinine is not formed in amounts greater than 75 ng/pair adrenal glands or 37.5
      ng/brain. The present results support the view that the main pathway of
      adrenaline biosynthesis in the suprarenal medulla and the brain proceeds via
      noradrenaline and not via epinine.

PMID- 958504
TI  - The molecular weights of plasma and intestinal kallikreins in rats.
AB  - 1. The molecular weights of kallikreins of rat intestine and rat plasma have been
      estimated using gel filtration. 2. Extracts of pooled tissue from rat jejunum,
      ileum, caecum and colon activated by autolytic processes gave a single peak of
      kallikrein activity with a molecular weights of 33000. 3. Acid-activated rat
      plasma gave two peaks of kallikrein activity with molecular weight of 125000 and
      61500. 4. Rat intestinal tissue contains a kinin forming enzyme having a
      molecular weight similar to those of glandular kallikreins and different from
      those of the rat plasma kallikreins.

PMID- 958505
TI  - Selective noradrenergic denervation of the heart following intravenous injections
      of vinblastine or vincristine.
AB  - 1. The progressive effects of a single injection (3mg/kg i.v.) of either
      vinblastine or vincristine on the innervation of the rat atria have been
      examined. 2. Functional studies were performed by stimulating electrically the
      noradrenergic or cholinergic nerve fibres within isolated left atria from treated
      and control rats. In addition, the effects of the drugs on the ultrastructure of
      both types of nerve fibre were examined. The noradrenergic innervation was
      further examined by fluorescence histochemistry and measurement of the
      noradrenaline content of the atria. 3. On the basis of these studies it appeared
      that both drugs caused degeneration of noradrenergic nerves; cholinergic nerves
      seemed to be unaffected. Marked effects were seen 48 h after vinblastine
      treatment or 30 h after vincristine treatment. 4. Evidence is presented and
      discussed as to whether or not this action of the vinca alkaloids can be ascribed
      to their well-established effects on microtubules and intra-axonal transport
      processes.

PMID- 958506
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of phenprocoumon in man investigated using a gas chromatographic
      method of drug analysis.
AB  - A gas chromatographic method for the determination of phenprocoumon (Marcumar) in
      serum and urine is described, which facilitates accurate values down to 0.5 mug
      phenprocoumon/ml serum. After the i.v. administration of 20 mg phenprocoumon in a
      single  dose to 4 healthy volunteers the following pharmacokinetic data were
      obtained: After the initial fast decrease (phase 1) of the serum level of
      phenprocoumon, probably due to the distribution into the different compartments
      is followed by a subsequent slower fall (phase 2) which occurs with a serum half
      life of 157 h. The apparent distribution volume was 6.51. Analysis of the urine
      demonstrated that 90% of the excreted phenprocoumon detected was in the
      glucuronide form.

PMID- 958507
TI  - Persistent enhancement of potassium-induced responses of the rat vas deferens by
      desipramine.
AB  - The effect of desipramine on the cumulative dose-response curves of noradrenaline
      and potassium (K+) was examined on the isolated rat vas deferens. An exposure of
      10 min to 10(-7) M desipramine caused a leftward shift and an increase in the
      maximum response of cumulative dose-response curves of noradrenaline. Desipramine
      (10(-7) M), in contact with the tissue for 10 min, enhanced responses to
      cumulative additions of K+ without causing a consistent change in threshold
      concentrations. Wash-out of desipramine resulted in a rapid loss of enhanced
      maximum response to noradrenaline while the maximum response to K+ did not show
      any decrease for up to 120 min after wash-out of drug. One possible explanation
      for the persistent enhancement of K+-induced responses may be that desipramine
      causes postjuntional changes which selectively influence contractile responses of
      this tissue to K+.

PMID- 958508
TI  - Effect of dantrolene sodium upon the activity of the hind leg muscle of the cat
      with local tetanus.
AB  - Cats with local tetanus were i.v. injected with dantrolene sodium. There is no
      effect of dantrolene sodium on the electromyogram in response to indirect
      stimulation of the non-poisoned muscle nor on the increased spontaneous activity
      of the poisoned muscle. The tension of the muscle, however, was strongly reduced.

PMID- 958509
TI  - Differential effect of raised Mg2+ concentration of K+ ion movement and on
      swelling in the isolated perfused rat liver poisoned by phalloidin.
AB  - The K+ release from the isolated perfused rat liver induced by phalloidin was
      strongly inhibited on raising the Mg2+ concentration of the perfusion medium from
      0.5-40mM while, in contrast, the phalloidin induced swelling of the organ and the
      vasuolisation of the liver tissue was not affected.

PMID- 958510
TI  - Chronopharmacokinetics of ethanol. II. Circadian rhythm in rate of blood level
      decline in a single subject.
AB  - A male human subject administered single, oral doses of ethanol was examined
      repeatedly for venous ethanol levels. Four separate trials, begun at 03.00,
      09.00, 15.00, and 21.00 h, on different days yielded four different estimates of
      the slope of the apparently linear ethanol disappearance curve. The slopes
      appeared to exhibit circadian rhythmicity. In a second study of the same subject,
      the slope was estimated 7 times over a period of 26 h following repeated oral
      doses. These slopes also appeared to vary in a daily fashion. These preliminary
      results suggest that pharmacokinetic parameters may not be invariable with time
      of day.

PMID- 958511
TI  - 3-Methoxytyramine as an indicator of impulse-induced dopamine release in rat
      brain in vivo.
AB  - 3-Methoxtyramine and dopamine accumulated in vivo in rat brain after monoamine
      oxidase inhibition with pargyline HCl. A dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. appeared to
      inhibit monoamine oxidase completely and led to a linear accumulation of 3
      methoxytyramine for the first 90 min. Axotomy of the ascending dopaminergic fiber
      tract by means of a complete transverse cerebral hemisection almost completely
      blocked 3-methoxytyramine formation provided that catecholamine synthesis was
      inhibited with H 44/68 (Methylester of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine). The dopamine
      receptor agonist apomorphine, 0.5 mg/kg i.p., decreased, while the dopamine
      receptor antagonist haloperidol, 2 mg/kg i.p., accelerated 3-methoxytyramine
      formation. gamma-Butyrolactone, 750 mg/kg i.p., not only decreased 3
      methoxytyramine formation per se but also effectively antagonized the haloperidol
      induced increase in 3-methoxytyramine accumulation. 3-Methoxytyramine formation
      after inhibition of monoamine oxidase appears to be a reliable indicator of
      impulse-induced dopamine release and metabolism.

PMID- 958512
TI  - The effects of methacholine and calcium deprivation on the release of the false
      transmitter, alpha-methyladrenaline, from the isolated rabbit heart.
AB  - 1. Anaesthetized rabbits were infused for 20 min with 85 mug-kg-1-min-1(+/-)
      alpha-methyladrenaline. The hearts dissected 15 min after the infusion contained
      1.49 mug/g alpha-methyladrenaline; the endogenous noradrenaline content was
      correspondingly decreased. 2. Hearts from alpha-methyladrenaline-infused animals
      were isolated with the right sympathetic nerves intact and perfused. Ventricular
      rate, right atrial and right ventricular tensions were recorded using the
      transverse method. 3. Electrical stimulation (10 Hz, 1 ms, 1 min) of sympathetic
      nerves, perfusion with the nicotinic drug, p-aminophenethyltrimethylammonium
      (PAPETA) or perfusion with 54 mM KCl (high K+) solution evoked an output of both
      alpha-methyladrenaline and noradrenaline. The ratio of the amines in the
      perfusates was similar to that found in the hearts after termination of the
      experiments or in non-perfused hearts. 4. Methacholine perfused before and during
      sympathetic nerve stimulation, PAPETA or high K+ inhibited the release of both
      false transmitter and noradrenaline. These effects were reversed by atropine.
      Similarly, lowering the calcium chloride concentration of the medium from 1.8 to
      0.1 mM decreased amine outputs. This was reversed by washing. 5. Tyramine evoked
      a preferential release of the false transmitter that was not altered by
      methacholine or calcium deprivation. 6. These experiments whow that the
      muscarinic inhibition of neuronal noradrenaline release and the requirement of
      calcium ions for its liberation by depolarizing stimuli can be extended to a
      false transmitter amine. It is suggested that the proportion of alpha
      methyladrenaline to noradrenaline occurring in the perfusate during
      administration of tyramine reflects the relative concentrations of the amines in
      the axoplasm.

PMID- 958513
TI  - Factors determining the rate of relaxation of rabbit aortic strips after an
      exposure to noradrenaline.
AB  - 1. When noradrenaline distributes exclusively into the: extraneuronal o
      methylation of about one third of the extracellular space (i.e., when both,
      neuronal and extraneuronal uptake mechanisms are blocked by the presence of
      cocaine and corticosterone), the response of rabbit aortic strips to
      noradrenaline is concentration-dependent and relaxation curves (obtained during
      wash out and starting from different heights) are parallel. Under these
      conditions the "time required for relaxation to 50 or 20% of the initial
      contraction" (t50 and t20, respectively) is positively correlated with the
      initial height of contraction. 2. Measurements of the rate of relaxation that are
      independent of the height of the initial contraction are obtained either by
      appropriate correction of the t50 (or t20) or by determination of the "average
      rate of relaxation down to the 25% level of maximum contraction". 3. Relaxation
      experiments should a) be carried out with initial contractions of less than 75%
      of maximum and b) use a measure of the rate of relaxation that is independent of
      the initial height of contraction. 4. When the experimental conditions favour the
      extraneuronal accumulation of noradrenaline, corticosterone affects the
      relaxation of the strips in a way which is consistent with the view that efflux
      of unchanged amine from extraneuronal stores influences the rate of relaxation.
      5. When extraneuonal uptake is operative and accumulation of noradrenaline is
      poor (i.e., when extraneuronal catechol-O-methyl transferase is intact),
      corticosterone affects relaxation in a way which is consistent with the view that
      normally the extraneuronal system serves as a site of loss. Under these
      conditions corticosterone prevented, during the first 5 min of wash out, the
      extracellularly distributed amine. 6. It is concluded that the experimental
      conditions of relaxation experiments determine whether the noradrenaline stores
      serve as a source of efflux of unchanged amine or as a site of loss.

PMID- 958514
TI  - Factors responsible for reduced pharmacological activity in rats of pentetrazol
      administered orally.
AB  - It was the aim of this investigation to find out why pentetrazol (PTZ)
      administered orally to rats has considerably lower convulsive effectiveness than
      PTZ injected parenterally. It could be demonstrated that PTZ is distributed to
      and eliminated from all organs analyzed, without any sign of storage or of
      redistribution. Biological halftime was found to be about 3.5 h after
      subcutaneous injection. PTZ is absorbed slowly from the gastrointestinal tract
      because PTZ given orally is retained in the stomach for many hours. PTZ
      absorption is slow from the stomach while it is rapid from the small intestine.
      Food taken in before and after PTZ administration decreases the rate of PTZ
      absorption. Retention in the stomach of PTZ given orally is probably due to
      delayed gastric emptying since PTZ is able to reduce the basal tone and the
      acetylcholine-induced contractions of isolated preparations of the fundus of the
      stomach.

PMID- 958515
TI  - Propranolol in antihypertensive therapy.

PMID- 958516
TI  - Behavior therapy for obseity: another fad or a new set of facts?

PMID- 958517
TI  - Gentamicin neurotoxicity: a case report.

PMID- 958518
TI  - Are the "fatties" merely gluttons. some biochemical-physiological aspects of
      normal obesity.

PMID- 958519
TI  - Outpatient initiation of insulin treatment in the juvenile diabetic.

PMID- 958520
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of temporal lobe epilepsy.

PMID- 958521
TI  - Diagnosis of congenital heart disease in the neonate by non-invasive methods.

PMID- 958522
TI  - [Dynamic characteristics of auditory analyzer neurons and their relation to
      selective-combination mechanisms of cerebral functional organization].
AB  - Neuron responses in the chicken torus and caudal neostriatum to signals with
      different ecological significance (tones "white" noise, species-specific signals)
      were studied. It is shown that the frequency band percepted by the acoustic
      analyzer neurons corresponds to the frequency composition of signals emanated by
      chickens. Neurons selectively responding to the species-specific signals (song,
      alarm cries) were found in the forebrain. The specificity of the functional
      organization of different levels of the acoustic analyzer is considered in the
      light of the selectively combination principle of the signals integration, which
      may determine the mechanism of both innate and learned memory.

PMID- 958523
TI  - [Responses of neurons of the first and second somatosensory zones of the cortex
      to peripheral, thalamic and cortical stimulation].
AB  - Experiments were performed on cats immobilized with d-tubocurarine or myorelaxin.
      Neuronal responses were studied in the first somatosensory cortex (SI) to the
      second somatosensory cortex (SII), ventroposterior nucleus (VP) and contralateral
      forepaw stimulation. Besides, neuronal responses in SII to SI, VP and
      contralateral forepaw stimulation were also studied. It was shown that in SII the
      percentage of neurons excited by afferent volley with two or more synaptic change
      overs in the cerebral cortex was larger than in SI. Neurons of SI and SII
      responded to cortical stimulation ortho- and antidromically, thus confirming the
      existence of bilateral cortico-cortical connections. Both in SI and SII, PSPs to
      cortical stimulation were similar in character to PSPs in the same neurons to VP
      stimulation. In 50.0% of SI neurons and 37.1 of SII neurons the difference in
      latencies of orthodromic spike potentials to VP and cortical stimulation was less
      than 1.0 ms. In 19.6% of SI neurons and 41.4% of SII neurons the latency of the
      response to cortical stimulation was 1.6-4.7 ms shorter than that of the response
      in the same neuron to VP stimulation. It is supposed that impulses from SI
      participate significantly in afferent activation of SII neurons.

PMID- 958524
TI  - [Electrophysiologic study of cortico-hypothalamic interrelationships in cats].
AB  - In acute experiments on cats anesthetized with nembutal and chloralose the
      projections of different parts of orbito-frontal cortex, basal temporal cortex
      and hippocampus to hypothalamic nuclei were studied by focal potential recording.
      It was found that the proreal gyrus has local projections into the latero-dorsal
      parts of the preoptical region, rostral parts of the forebrain medial bundle,
      lateral and posterior hypothalamus with mammilary bodies. The orbital gyrus is
      projected mainly into latero-dorsal parts of the forebrain medial bundle, latero
      ventral part of the preoptical region, and the region of lateral and latero
      dorsal hypothalamic nuclei. Projections from the orbital gyrus are of a
      relatively diffuse character. The basal temporal cortex has diffuse projections
      into the central part of the preoptical region, latero-ventral part of the
      forebrain medial bundle and lateral mammilary body. No pronounced foci were
      observed in the hypothalamic structures during stimulation of the hyppocampus,
      but diffuse projections were found into ventral parts of the preoptical region
      and ventral regions of the forebrain medial bundle as well as into lateral
      hypothalamus and lateral mammilary nucleus.

PMID- 958525
TI  - [Organization of cortico-reticulo-spinal connections in the cat].
AB  - Time characteristics of the monosynaptic EPSP evoked by stimulation of the motor
      cortex in reticulospinal neurons were studied in detail. Negative correlation was
      revealed between latency duration of EPSP and conduction velocity of the
      corticobulbar fibres and positive correlation between such characteristics and
      conduction velocity of axons. Reticulospinal neurons with conduction velocity
      from 10.8 to 65.0 m/s were activated by fast and slow corticobulbar fibres, but
      neurons with conduction velocity from 65.0 to 155 m/s were activated only by slow
      ones. A functional role of different cortico-reticulo-spinal connections is
      discussed.

PMID- 958526
TI  - [Reticular structures and reticulospinal pathways participating in initiation and
      inhibition of spino-bulbo-spinal activity].
AB  - Efferent discharges in intercostal nerves and activity of reticulospinal fibres
      during stimulation of the brain stem reticular formation, intercostal splanchnic
      nerves were recorded in cats anesthetized with chloralose (50 mg/kg). It is found
      that the structures involved in the transmission of spino-bulbo-spinal activity
      are located in the medial bulbar and pontine reticular formation as well as in
      its lateral regions. The structures producing long-lasting (300-800 ms)
      inhibition of spino-bulbo-spinal reflexes are also wide distributed in the brain
      stem, especially in the pontine region. Recording of activity of single
      reticulospinal fibres in the ventral (conduction velocity 16-120 m/s) and lateral
      (17-100 m/s) funiculi during spino-bulbo-spinal reflexes showed that both medial
      and lateral reticulospinal tracts may be involved into this reflex mechanism. New
      evidence is obtained that the inhibition of spino-bulbo-spinal reflexes may be
      located at supraspinal level.

PMID- 958527
TI  - [Structure of afferent flow in a cutaneous nerve during painful and non-painful
      mechanical stimulation of cat skin].
AB  - Using the colliding impulses method, a quantitative characteristic of afferent
      flows encoding signals from a receptors totality is given. The frequency spectrum
      of impulsation in the cutaneous nerve, relative quantity of active A-, Adelta-
      and C-fibres, and their distribution by impulsation frequency under skin
      stimulation with pins and needles are found. The afferent impulse flow registered
      in the nerve under pinning of skin is characterized by a high density determined
      by the quantity of excited fibres and their impulsation frequency. Nonmyelinated
      fibres directly excited under painful stimulation generate high frequency
      impulsation due to which the flow density in the nerve increases. The quantity of
      active myelinated fibres and the frequency of their impulsation under pricking do
      not increase considerably in comparison with the same characteristics under
      unnoxious stimulation of cutaneous receptors.

PMID- 958528
TI  - [Effect of calcium ions on potential-dependent potassium channels in the membrane
      of the soma of giant mollusc neurons].
AB  - The delayed and fast outward currents in the somatic membrane of mollusc giant
      neurons were studied under voltage-clamp conditions in normal (10 mM) and low-Ca
      (I mM) saline. At pH 7.2 a tenfold decrease in calcium concentration in the peak
      conductance vs membrane potential curves for delayed and fast outward currents
      were shifted along the voltage axis by 10 mV. The shift along voltage axis of the
      inactivation curve for fast outward current under similar conditions was the
      same. At pH 9 the shift for a tenfold decrease in calcium concentration was 20
      mV. Such an increase in the effect of calcium concentration change at pH 9 is
      probably due to the increase in the negative charge density in the vicinity of
      the potassium pathways. The dependence of the rate constants of inactivation
      alphab and betab for fast outward current upon the membrane potential was studied
      in solutions with different calcium concentration. The expressions for their
      calculation were obtained.

PMID- 958529
TI  - [Displacement currents of the sodium channels of the membranes of Ranvier's
      nodes].
AB  - A method to record the displacement current in nodal membrane is described and
      results obtained on nerve fibres from the frog Rana ridibunda are presented. This
      current is shown to be due to displacement of charges from an initial state,
      associated with a large negative membrane potential, to a final state. The
      dependence of the charge displacement on the membrane potential and degree of
      inactivation of the sodium channels suggests that the displacement current
      observed in these experiments is associated with activation of m-gates of the
      sodium channels. The density of the sodium channels in nodal membrane of Rana
      ridibunda determined from the density of the charge displaced is about 5000
      channels/mum2.

PMID- 958530
TI  - [Decrease in the maximum sodium permeability and slow sodium inactivation in
      Ranvier's nodes treated with trimecaine].
AB  - The effect of local anesthetic trimecaine on sodium permeability was studied in
      voltage clamped nerve fibres of the frog. Trimecaine affected PNa by means of two
      different mechanisms: potential independent block (reduction of PNa) and slow
      inactivation imposed by prolonged depolarization. Trimecaine induced slow
      inactivation appeared to be qualitatively similar to that produced by externally
      applied procaine or high external potassium. According to dose-effect curves one
      molecule of drug per channel reaction is involved for both mechanisms. The drug
      molecule has greater affinity for the receptor site responsible for slow
      inactivation.

PMID- 958531
TI  - Preliminary analysis of failures in the radiotherapy of uterine cervix cancer
      with a dynamic dose-fractionation in combination with breathing oxygen at ambient
      pressure.
AB  - Complementary to a previous preliminary analysis of the results obtained in
      treating head and neck tumors, this paper summarizes observations in testing
      uterine cervix cancers with a dynamic dose-fractionation regime using Cobalt 60
      radiation in combination with oxygen breathing at ambient pressure. A total of 30
      cases in different stages are reviewed which had no treatment prior to
      radiotherapy. In agreement with previous observations, normal tissue reactions
      were decreased in comparison to those seen after conventional dose-fractionation.
      Exophytic type of tumors with relatively good vascularization appears to react
      better to the treatment then less vascularized endophytic tumors. For the
      evaluation of the possible role of the dynamic fractionation in these results
      collection of further data is needed.

PMID- 958532
TI  - Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and survival in breast cancer.
AB  - The lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer were
      studied. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were found to be significantly lower
      in the short-survivors when compared with the long survivors. Lymphocyte count
      may be a host factor, that influences survival in breast cancer.

PMID- 958533
TI  - Chemotherapy of advanced malignant lymphomas comparative evaluation of results
      with single agent and combination therapy.
AB  - 86 patients with advanced malignant lymphomas (stage III and IV) were treated
      either with Vinblastine given as a single agent (49 cases) or with combination
      chemotherapy MOPP or COP (37 cases). In both, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas, induction of remission, relaps-free survival and prognostic
      significance of initial clinical stage were evaluated, in relation to the
      therapeutic modality. In patients with Hodgkin's disease, combination
      chemotherapy was found to produce significantly more durable remissions, when
      compared with single agent therapy. However, difference in the response rate,
      which was found to be more effective following the combination chemotherapy, was
      not statistically significant. In patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas overall
      lower response was recorded, regardless of the therapy applied. In all patients,
      better  response rate and longer lasting remissions correlated with initial stage
      III.

PMID- 958534
TI  - The metastatic spread of kidney and prostate cancers in man.
AB  - This research was performed on 66 autopsy reports of kidney cancers and 58
      autopsy reports of prostate cancers. Two alternative hypotheses were tested, i.e.
      whether metastases spread at random from the primary tumor throughout the body or
      whether the metastatic spread occurs in steps, referred to as a cascade spread,
      requiring one or more disseminating sites. It was found that in cancer of the
      prostate two disseminating sites exist, i.e. bones and lungs. Metastases from the
      primary tumor appear first in the skeleton and then in the lungs, not vice versa.
      In cancer of the kidney, the lungs are the major disseminating site. The
      lymphatic areas did not seem to play a major role in the dissemination of both
      cancers; on the contrary, the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes seem to
      depend on the presence of carcinomatous cells in key sites, i.e. the skeleton and
      the lungs. These results, however, should be interpreted with caution, as
      explained in the text. Considerations were proposed for future research.

PMID- 958535
TI  - An assay for selecting high risk population for gastric cancer by studying
      environmental factors.
AB  - Gastric cancer mortality incidence data registered in two different areas of
      Eastern Transylvania (Roumania) were reported related to 325,000 inhabitants from
      the period of 1951-1972. The findings were compared to some geographical
      environmental factors deriving from an area of 13,300 km with 905,700
      inhabitants. A 2-3.5 times larger incidence of gastric cancer (75-140 per
      100,000/year) was found in some selected geographical areas of the intermontane
      depressions of Gheorgheni and Ciuc in comparison to hilly area of Transylvanian
      Tableland. The difference might be explained by some unknown environmental
      gastric cancer risk factors. Of the natural factors, the presence of magmatic
      substrata shows a significant degree of correlation. The main pedological factor
      seems to be badly drained pseudoglyied podzolic and peaty soils of low pH and
      high content of organic matter. Sofs drinking waters also may be involved as risk
      factor. High altitude, cold climate determining a restricted assortiment of
      cultivated plants, the successive production of vegetal and animal food on the
      same soil for livelong periods and several generations, especially in isolated
      rural areas, seem to represent gastric cancer risk factors. According to authors'
      opinion a survey of the high-risk population selected on the basis of the
      environmental factors, especially of the persons suffering from gastric disorders
      considered today possible precursors of gastric cancer, may offer some progress
      in detecting early gastric malignancy in the future.

PMID- 958536
TI  - [The value of the token test].

PMID- 958537
TI  - [Aspects of interactional psychopathology, demonstrated on the example of
      cyclothymic depression].

PMID- 958538
TI  - [Epileptic seizures in alcoholic predelirium. Clinical and
      electroencephalographic studies on the differentiation of genetic conditioned
      attack predisposition and epilepsy].

PMID- 958539
TI  - [Bladder disorders in space-requiring spinal processes].

PMID- 958540
TI  - [Medulloblastoma and spino-meningeal metastaszing. Differential diagnosis in the
      clinical picture and pathologic anatomy. A case contribution].

PMID- 958541
TI  - [Drugs and suicide evaluation].

PMID- 958542
TI  - [Personal motivation, environmental factors, and the extent of drug comsumption
      of adolescents].

PMID- 958543
TI  - [Characteristics of psychiatric care in Norway].

PMID- 958544
TI  - [Insurance neurosis. Attempt to take stock].

PMID- 958545
TI  - [Immunosuppressive treatment of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 958546
TI  - [Neurologic complications of trichinosis].

PMID- 958547
TI  - [Familial occurrence of Kugelberg-Welander pseudomyopathic spinal muscular
      atrophy].

PMID- 958548
TI  - [Practice and problems of psychological testing for the clinical diagnosis of
      intelligence].

PMID- 958549
TI  - [An unusual psychopathologic case history in a patient with acromegaly].

PMID- 958550
TI  - [Crisis of the therapeutic community in Great Britain].

PMID- 958551
TI  - [Loss of the ego-environment balance at the beginning of endogenous psychosis.
      Various aspects of psychopathologg related to the overal or partial picture].

PMID- 958552
TI  - [Agreements and differences in the assessment of psychiatric diagnoses].

PMID- 958553
TI  - [Occipito-cervical displasia (clinical picture, radiologic findings, and result
      of the pathologic-anatomical studies, based on a rare case)].

PMID- 958554
TI  - [The syndrome of painful ophthalmoplegin in unspecific inflammation of the
      cavernous sinus. The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome].

PMID- 958555
TI  - [Psychological problems in the treatment of myasthenia patients].

PMID- 958556
TI  - [Documentation of neurologic findings using electronic date processing].

PMID- 958557
TI  - [Letter: Comments on the paper by J. Ullrich: "The Fisher-syndrome.
      Symptomatology and nosology of a special form of polyradiculoneuritis" (this J.,
      46, 417-421 (1975)]?

PMID- 958558
TI  - [Letter: Critical comments on the paper by Th. Vogel and J. Vliegen: The social
      consequences of schizophrenia" ( this J., 46, 569-575  (1975)].

PMID- 958559
TI  - Erwiderung auf die methodenkritische Diskussionsbemerkung von P. Muller zu
      unserer Arbeit: "Soziale Auswirkungen der Schizophrenie"V 565-575 (1976).

PMID- 958560
TI  - Effect of subarachnoid haemorrhage on micro-circulation in hypothalamus and brain
      stem of dogs.
AB  - In order to investigate the relationship between cerebral vasospasm and
      microvasculature in the hypothalamus and brain stem, colloidal carbon was infused
      into the vertebral artery at various time intervals after experimental
      subarachnoid haemorrhage in dogs. Experiments which demonstrated vasospasm on
      angiogram were always accompanied by ischaemic changes in serial sections taken
      from the anterior hypothalamus to the brain stem. However, when it was
      demonstrated by angiography that the vasospasm had disappeared, the micro
      circulation was restored to normal. Electron microscopy of the hypothalamus 48
      hours and one week after subarachnoid haemorrhage, demonstrated swelling of the
      endothelial cells, enlargement of the perivascular glia and increase in number of
      the pinocytic vesicles in the cytoplasm, thus showing vasogenic oedema in this
      area. It is assumed that in addition to the vasogenic substance in extravasated
      blood, changes in irritability of cerebral vessels through the vasomotor pathways
      in the hypothalamus and brain stem might play an important role in the production
      of cerebral vasospasm.

PMID- 958561
TI  - Role of the pneumo-encephalogram in the diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid
      haemorrhage.
AB  - The authors have collected eighteen cases of primary intraventricular lesions
      revealed by a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Among these cases, the most important are
      the choroid plexus papillomas followed by ependymomas; some cases have no precise
      histological interpretation. Generally speaking, cerebral arteriography gives
      only indirect evidence of ventricular dilation and thus does not confirm the
      presence of a lesion. On the contrary, the pneumoencephalogram is consistantly
      positive, but does not give the differential diagnosis between intraventricular
      tumours and primary intraventricular haemorrhages. This test should therefore be
      given the same importance as spinal cord arteriography in the exploration of
      subarachnoid haemorrhages with negative cerebral angiograms.

PMID- 958562
TI  - Acute spontaneous volume fluctuation in the brain. A contribution to the
      interpretation of plateau waves. Results of CSF measurements with ventricular
      drainage.
AB  - Primarily the theoretical background of the relation between the intracranial
      pressure and the volume is discussed. From the definite relationship between
      volume and pressure it is deduced that with the appropriate equipment
      intracranial volume changes may be measured instead of the I.C.P. The exact
      measurement of the volume of CSF drained in relation to the drainage time enable
      us to differentiate disturbances of the C.S.F. circulation in patients.
      Furthermore we were able to correlate "plateau waves" with certain amounts of
      volume fluctuations; these were shown in amounts of drained C.S.F. between 16 and
      32 ml. Some scientific aspects of this new method and possible results are
      pointed out.

PMID- 958563
TI  - Spinal fluid lysozyme in the diagnosis of central nervous system tumours.
AB  - C.S.F. lysozyme concentrations were determined in 24 normal subjects and 14
      patients with a variety of neurologic diseases. We found absent or very low
      activity (below 0-5 mg/ml, in 4 out of 24) in normal individuals. Patients with
      tumours and other neurological diseases had high lysozyme activity in C.S.F. Our
      findings suggest that lysozyme is not an accurate indicator of the presence of
      neoplastic disease as suggested by other investigators.

PMID- 958564
TI  - [Functional posterior radiculotomy, in the treatment of cerebral spasticity.
      peroperative electric stimulation of posterior roots and its use in the choice of
      the roots to be sectioned].
AB  - The authors present a modification of Foerster's Rhizotomy for the treatment of 
      spasticity in cerebral palsy: functional posterior rhizotomy. The selection of
      the roots/rootlesses to be sectioned, is accomplished on functional data, based
      upon the analysis of the reflex responses to the intraoperative lumbar dorsal
      roots stimulation. With this method it is possible to selectively interfere with
      the pathological circuits responsible for hypertonia, saving proprioceptive
      afferences necessary for motor reeducation. The clinical results on hypertonia
      are the same as for total or partial rhizotomies, but sides effects (ataxia,
      hypotonia) are considerably reduced.

PMID- 958565
TI  - [Success and failure of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the treatment of
      hydrocephalus].
AB  - In ventriculoperitoneal shunting, the intraperitoneal location of the drainage
      site can be an additional cause of failure. In our series of 70
      ventriculoperitoneal shunts, performed in infants and adults for treatment of
      hydrocephalus from various cause and of various type, failures of this kind
      manifested themselves usually early in the postoperative period either as a
      reflux of liquid, not attributable to the operative technique, into the
      subcutaneous pericatheter tract, or as a reappearance of the intracranial
      hypertension, without faulty functioning of the ventricular drain. The total
      success rate was 61% (43/70) but the age of the patient made a clear difference.
      In patients aged less than 5 months, we observed 11 successes in 33 cases (33%),
      in those aged less than 1 year, 14 successes in 36 (39%); patients with
      myelomeninogocele, wherein the shunting was usually done during the first month
      of life,  fared badly; the role of age seems herein predominant. In patients aged
      more than 1 year, 29 successes in 34 cases (85%) were obtained; results were
      notably good in nearly all hydrocephalus of tumoral origin. We think the possible
      role of the "tightness" of the hydrocephalus has to be invoked as also the
      possibility of spontaneous remission. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting, devoid of
      the serious complications of ventriculocardiac shunting, is a simple and
      effective procedure in many cases of hydrocephalus. Means for more accurate
      prediction of the chances of success in the individual case are needed.

PMID- 958566
TI  - [Intraspinal meningiomas. A series of 60 cases].
AB  - The authors present and compare two consecutive series of spinal meningioma, a
      total of 60 cases. From the aetiological point of view, the meningioma were more
      frequent than neurinoma. This study confirms its predominance in the female after
      the fifth decade. A traumatic factor was sometimes implicated. Anatomically, its
      localisation predominated in the dorsal region (78.3 p. cent), specially in the
      first three vertebral segments, and most commonly laterally placed. The strictly
      epidural meningioma, the multiplicity and the association with a neurinoma were
      less frequent. On the clinical level, the comparison between the two series
      illustrated a considerable diminution of the pre-operative evolution of the
      disease, taking into consideration the existence of spinal deficit less apparent
      in patients operated after 1963. 54.5 p. cent presented at diagnosis, a total or
      partial impotence against 81.5 p. cent in the old series. Among the laboratory
      examinations, the C.D.F. study confirmed slight or even absent cyto-albuminous
      dissociation, which contrasted markedly with the figures obtained in cases of
      neurinoma. Plain spinal radiography was usually negative. The radio-opaque
      myelography revealed a block, sometimes a partial one, very suggestive when
      bossulated, but which might sometimes mimic a neurinoma or even an epidural
      lesion. The presence of an arachnoid cyst may give a false level. Surgery was
      always indicated, regardless of the patients' age. The tumour should be completly
      removed in a piece-meal fashion with the preservation of the radiculo-medullary
      elements, which was facilitated by the use of the microscope. To prevent a
      recurrence, the base of the tumour should be well coagulated or resected followed
      by a plastic reconstruction of the dura mater. The mortality rate including the
      late mortality has diminished from 24 p. cent to 11 p. cent. This is essentially
      due to decubitus in patients who did not improve. The percentage of complete
      functional recovery rose from 40 p. cent to 66 p. cent of those who survived. The
      percentage of recovery with sequellae compatible with an autonomous physical
      activity was stable. The percentage of completly handicaped survivals fell from
      28 p. cent to 5 p. cent. The authors conclude that the prognosis for patients
      with intraspinal menigioma has improved, however the diagnosis is still difficult
      in the old subject, and there is a serious risk to life when the lesion is in the
      cervical region.

PMID- 958567
TI  - [Value of the intracranial pressue measurement in the craniosynostoses detected
      after the age of 1 year].
AB  - Notwithstanding the fact that there is a general agreement on the necessity of
      surgery in the first year of life in craniosynostosis, the problem is more
      difficult for older children. Deterioration of clinical status is, in general, in
      relation with an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), which may happen
      abruptly following different causes (slight head injury, for example). The
      purpose of this study was to determine, in different varieties of synostosis, if
      a high intracranial pressure could exist without clinical signs and consequently,
      if a surgical opening of the sutures would be necessary. IPC has been measured
      through a ventricular catheter connected with a transducer and recorder for 24
      hours. In half of the cases (11 out of 22) a high ICP (above 20 mmHg) was
      recorded either permanently or during sleep. This increase in ICP should lead to
      a surgical decompression, event without clinical signs. On the other hand,
      psychomotor retardation, abnormal EEG, increased digitation should not be
      considered as an indication for surgical treatment in cases with normal ICP. The
      measurement of decreased ICP after operation on a long term basis would be a
      great value.

PMID- 958568
TI  - [Comparative in vitro action of various antimitotic agents on cell lines
      established from human brain neoplasms].
AB  - The effects of six chemotherapeutic drugs currently used in human gliomas
      treatment were tested with an in vitro cytotoxicity test. Out of six, VM 26
      proved to be the most potent against tumor cells along with a moderate
      cytotoxicity against normal brain or embryonnic human cells. This specificity did
      not seem to be related to differences in cellular growth rates.

PMID- 958569
TI  - [Giant aneurysm of the sylvian artery in a 4-year old child (exeresis,
      remission)].
AB  - The AA. describe a case of a giant aneurysm 6 centimeters in diameter in a child
      of 4 years old. The lesion was made evident on the occasion of an hemorrhage that
      has caused an insular hematoma. The patient has undergone an operation with
      favourable outcome. The lack of neurologic symtomatology until the moment of the
      hemorrhage lead the AA. to think that this lesion was of the notables proportions
      from the moment of birth, so that the cerebral parenchyma was modeled on it.
      Unlike others cases in litterature recogniset, the wall of the aneurysmatic bag
      did not present fibrotics thickenings, and besides the blood-clot included in it
      seemed histologicaly of recent formation.

PMID- 958570
TI  - [Sensory organization of the reticular formation: Specific integrative activity].
AB  - On the basis of personal investigations including 1) electrophysiological methods
      (EEG, averaged evoked potentials), 2) behavior methods, 3) destruction of various
      parts of the brain (mesencephalic reticular formation, auditory pathways) and 4)
      pharmacological methods, conducted in the years 1953-1974 the author put forward
      a concept of sensory organization of reticular formation postulating existence of
      special systems in the reticular formation differing in their relative
      physiological and chemical specificity. This relative specificity is, in this
      concept, the ability of the so-called non-specific neurons in the reticular
      formation to be included under certain experimental conditions into specific
      functional systems. The author suggests the term "paraspecific systems" for
      designating these relatively specific systems. It seems that these systems
      determine the integrative role of reticular formation in the process of learning.
      In contrast to this important role the reticular formation is without any greater
      importance for the process of memory storage. The dynamic and relatively specific
      functional organization of reticular formation provides potential possibilities
      of its utilization in the processes of reeducation or rehabilitation in central
      nervous system damage and in pharmacological treatment of psychic disturbances.

PMID- 958571
TI  - [Gasometric studies of arterial blood in patients with stroke].
AB  - Gasometric determinations of pCO2, pO2, HCO3 and SO2 were performed in arterial
      blood in 100 patients with brain stroke. The following conclusions have been
      drawn. 1. In 2/3 of cases of brain stroke decreased partial oxygen pressure and
      in 1/3 of cases acid-base equilibrium disturbances are observed. 2. Hypoxia
      occurs in brain stroke mainly in patients with consciousness disturbances, which
      suggests that impaired airways patency plays a role in the pathomechanism of this
      disturbance. 3. Acid-base equilibrium disturbances in cases of brain stroke have
      in most patients the character of respiratory alkalosis which seems to be due to
      hyperventilation determined by central nervous mechanisms as well as to hypoxia
      caused by insufficient patency of airways. 4. Gasometric investigations of
      arterial blood in brain stroke are important for establishing the degree of
      homeostasis disturbances and for choice of methods of therapeutic management.

PMID- 958572
TI  - [Treatment of chronic parkinsonism].

PMID- 958573
TI  - [Fatigability of stapedius muscle in myasthenia].
AB  - The fatiguability of m. stupedius was studied in 20 patients with myasthenia and
      16 controls determining the reflex of this muscle by means of electroacoustic
      bridge. In half of the patients group the fatiguability of stapedius muscle was
      increased and in some cases the reflex threshold of the muscle was raised. The
      authors suggest continuation of these investigations especially for determination
      of the clinical importance of these observations.

PMID- 958574
TI  - [Usefulness of electromyographic examinations of paravertebral muscles in
      patients with lumbosacral root compression syndrome].
AB  - The author studied electromyographic findings and surgical exploration results in
      37 women and 63 men operated upon for nucleus pulposus prolapse. EMG
      investigations of paravertebral muscles were found to be useful in the diagnosis
      of motor root lesions. A correlation was found between the size of prolapse and
      the area of denervation potentials in paravertebral muscles. On the other hand,
      it was found that these investigations do not indicate accurately the level of
      nucleus pulposus prolapse.

PMID- 958575
TI  - [Our modification of ergograph for studying muscle fatigability in myasthenia].
AB  - The authors designed and made an ergograph of own modification and elaborated
      normal values of fatiguability half-time on the basis of 51 healthy subjects
      comparing the results with those in a group of 41 myasthenics subjected to
      thymectomy. The fatiguability half-time was determined in groups of muscles in
      the hand, axilla and popliteal area and masseters before and 14 days after
      thymectomy. The ergographic record was obtained without application of drugs as
      well as at the peak of activity of drugs and at the peak of activity of those
      after 5 mg Tensilon dose. The investigation made it possible to determine the
      muscle power before and after tymectomy. The Tensioln test at the peak activity
      of drugs permitted to establish the necessary dose of anticholinesterase drugs,
      especially after the operation.

PMID- 958576
TI  - [Improving radiographic diagnosis of the sella by means of direct magnification
      technics and autotomography].
AB  - On the basis of personal experiences with 30 cases and a survey of literature the
      authors discuss the value of radiological diagnostic assessment of sella using a
      technique of direct magnification and autotomography. The superiority of these
      techniques over the information obtained from plain films of the skull has been
      demonstrated. These techniques are easy, not time-consuming, they do not require
      complex apparatus and their costs approximate those of plain radiograms.

PMID- 958577
TI  - [As yet unknown sign in internuclear ophthalmoplegia: unilateral eyelid
      retraction occuring during abduction or adduction of the  eye bulb].
AB  - The author presents 2 cases of internuclear ophthalmoplegia with unilateral upper
      lid retraction and widening of the palpebral fissure of the adducted eye with a
      simultaneous narrowing of the palpebral fissure of the other eye. In the 3rd case
      of internuclear ophthalmoplegia with paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle, the
      sign of upper lid retraction was present in the adduced eye.

PMID- 958578
TI  - Letter: Trimepramine (Sapilent) in the treatment of migraine and related
      headaches.

PMID- 958579
TI  - [Clinico-morphological analysis of clinically unrecognized subdural hematomas].
AB  - The authors report clinical and morphological analysis of 31 autopsied cases of
      subdural haematomas unrecognized during life. The most frequent erroneous
      clinical diagnosis was cerebrovascular brain disease, psychiatric syndrome or
      brain tumour. The greatest diagnostic difficulties were encountered in cases of
      subdural haematoma developing in elderly subjects (in this material 24 patients
      were aged above 60 years). Brain atrophy delayed in them the appearance of
      intracranial raised pressure syndrome, coexistence of vascular changes masked the
      signs of subdural haematoma and frequent memory disturbances made history taking
      difficult. Brain atrophy in elderly subjects may be also a factor contributing to
      development of subdural haematoma. Widening of subdural space causes greater
      tension of bridging veins and their easier rupture when the brain is displaced
      during trauma. Absence of inflammatory changes in the neuropathological findings
      in cases of subdural haemorrhage suggests that the term "chronic subdural
      haematoma" is better than the older term "pachymeningitis haemorrhagic interna".

PMID- 958580
TI  - [Analysis of clinical and social features in a group of epileptics with frequent
      seizures].
AB  - A group of 50 epileptics (group C) with frequent seizures refractory to treatment
      was studied. The control group (R) comprised 50 cases with rare seizures. It was
      found that despite systematic treatment (with full therapeutic doses) and
      frequent changes of drugs the frequency of seizures was not reduced in group C.
      The analysis of clinical features of both groups showed that group C as compared
      with group R had more patients with temporal lobe seizures, neurological
      abnormalities, low intelligence quotient, changed background activity in EEG and
      longer duration of the disease. These data may suggest a greater number of cases
      with detectable organic brain lesions among patients with frequent seizures.

PMID- 958581
TI  - [Evaluation of selected parameters of calcium metabolism in epileptics on long
      term treatment with diphenylhydantoin].
AB  - In 11 epileptics treated with DPH for 10-20 years a significant fall was observed
      in the serum levels of calcium, phosphates, and ionic index, with a significant
      rise in the serum magnesium concentration. No detectable changes were observed in
      the radiological appearance of bones and alkaline phosphates activity was within
      normal range. In two cases histological examinations demonstrated signs of
      osteomalacia. The authors postulate the necessity of monitoring selected
      parameters of calcium metabolism in patients on long-term treatment with
      diphenylhydantoin.

PMID- 958582
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of Rivotril in epilepsy].
AB  - Treatment with Rivotril in doses of 2-10 mg daily was given to 26 patients with
      various forms of epilepsy, mostly refractory to previous treatment. In 2 cases
      the drug was withdrawn on account of intolerance, in 4 cases treatment was
      stopped after several days in view of greatly increased frequency of seizures. In
      the remaining cases the drug was administered during 2 to 27 months, (mean 7
      months) in 3 cases as the only medication and in 17 with other anticonvulsants.
      The best therapeutic results were obtained in patients with partial seizures of
      complex symptomatology and in generalized non-convulsive seizures, the worst
      results in generalized seizures. Electroencephalographic findings included
      particularly disappearance of seizure activity, while focal changes persisted and
      even grew worse in some cases. Apart from 2 cases of acute intolerance in another
      4 cases side effects were observed with somnolence, dizziness, equilibrium
      disturbances, and in one case granulocytopenia developed. Allergic changes and
      liver or renal damage were never observed. The authors suggest introduction of
      the drug in treatment of epilepsy in view of its favourable clinical effect even
      in cases refractory to previous treatment, especially since the drug is
      relatively well tolerated.

PMID- 958583
TI  - [Hospital infections and their control in neurology departments].
AB  - The authors discuss briefly the problem of hospital infection, its nature, routes
      of spread and types of causative bacteria. A particular emphasis is laid on the
      problem of high risk neurological patients. Discussing the methods of hospital
      infection control in neurological departments the authors stress the importance
      of the room for minor diagnostic and therapeutic procedures since a real danger
      to the neurological patients is the possibility of infection during lumbar tap.

PMID- 958584
TI  - [Effect of deep hyperventilation on lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid
      and brain tissue].
AB  - Deep hyperventilation (HV)--pCO2 less than 15 mm Hg--was applied in rabbits with
      normal intracranial pressure (ICP) and in cats with experimental brain oedema
      developed after epidural balloon compression. In animals with normal ICP there
      was an increase of CSF and tissue lactate concentration as soon as after 45 min.
      of HV. The lactate concentration was increasing all the time during HV. The
      resumption of normoventilation (2 h) after 10 h of HV was sufficient to bring the
      lactate level down near normality. Electron microscope studies showed only slight
      ultrastructural changes without destruction, even after 10 h HV. In animals with
      increased ICP, brain oedema was the main factor raising the lactate level, while
      the effect of HV was negligible.

PMID- 958585
TI  - [Hyperventilation and mannitol administration during surgery in patients with
      space-occupying intracranial lesions].
AB  - The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of hyperventilation and mannitol
      on brain volume during neurosurgical operations. The material comprises 30 cases
      of supratentorial tumours. pO2, pCO2, pH and lactate concentration were
      determined in the arterial blood and in 7 cases also in the CSF. It was
      established that hyperventilation sometimes fails to decrease ICP; it was
      observed that hyperventilation was more effective in decreasing brain volume of
      the pCO2 level decreased by 14,6 mm Hg on the average. The joint use of
      hyperventilation and hypertonic mannitol was found to be more effective. Neither
      of the above methods was effective in the case of cystic tumors.

PMID- 958586
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hypophyseal adenomas using the nose and sphenoid sinus
      approach].
AB  - A method of hypophyseal adenoma removal through the nose and sphenoidal sinus is
      described. The method was used in 26 patients and no postoperative complications
      were observed. The approach to the sella from the sphenoidal sinus makes it
      possible to remove the tumour from the sphenoidal sinus and from the area below
      and behind optic chiasm.

PMID- 958587
TI  - [Treatment of parkinsonism with dopaminergic system agonists].

PMID- 958588
TI  - [Traumatic injury of ciliary ganglion].
AB  - The authors report a case in which slight cranial trauma was followed by
      manifestations of damage to the right ciliary ganglion. After 3 weeks the signs
      of damage began to regress and disappeared completely. Laboratory investigations
      failed to demonstrate any abnormalities. Apart from this trauma there were no
      other detectable causes, and especially there were no history data suggesting
      past infection, botulism or syphilis. The mechanism of ciliary ganglion injury is
      not known (contusion, haematoma, oedema etc.).

PMID- 958589
TI  - [Chronic Horton's neuralgia treated successfully with indomethacin].
AB  - The author describes a case in which different types of headaches occurred in
      life. In childhood the patient had typical attacks of ophthalmic migraine, at the
      age of 45 years classical Horton's neuralgia developed lasting 5 months,
      occurring 3-4 times daily and 2-3 times in night time. The pains were intense,
      their location was always identical and their duration was 15-20 min. It seemed
      at the time of observation that they represented a form intermediate between that
      described by Ekbom and Olivarius and that reported by Sjaastad and Dale. After
      treatment with Indomethacin immediate improvement was obtained with disappearance
      of pains.

PMID- 958590
TI  - [Progressive spinal muscular atrophy of proximal location in adults].
AB  - The authors report two cases of familial progressive muscular atrophy of proximal
      localization, with late onset of signs which was associated with involvement of
      the motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve and hypoglossus nerve nucleus as well as
      with presence of gynaecomastia. Cases of coexistence of gynaecomastia with spinal
      muscular atrophy are rare in the literature and the present report may serve for
      explanation whether the association of these signs is accidental or whether it is
      a separate nosological entity.

PMID- 958591
TI  - [Malignant meningioma with extracranial metastases].
AB  - The authors report a case of primary malignant meningioma of meninges in the
      right frontal area with metastases to meninges in the right temporal area and
      left atrial endocardium and with emboli composed of malignant cells in the
      vessels of the myocardium, spleen, liver, lungs and pancreas in a 49-year-old
      woman after commissurotomy performed for rheumatic valvular heart disease.

PMID- 958592
TI  - [Development of papilledema in cases of tumors of the lower segment of the
      vertebral canal].
AB  - The author discusses the problem of the mechanism of intracranial hypertension
      developing with papilloedema in cases of tumours situated in the lower parts of
      vertebral canal. The author discusses the present data in literature and an own
      case in which manifestations of intracranial hypertension with papilloedema
      developed in a 48-year-old man with neuroma situated in the vertebral canal at
      the level of 11th thoracic vertebra. In a discussion on the problem the author
      stresse that his case failed to confirm the accepted view that the cause of
      intracranial hypertension in cases of tumours in the lower part of the vertebral
      canal should be sought in increased protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid.
      Attention was called also to the fact that in most cases described as yet
      presence of gliomas was demonstrated and the cerebrospinal fluid pressure was
      never so high (700 mm H2O in lying position).

PMID- 958593
TI  - The possible role of histamine in the control of prolactin and gonadotropin
      release.
AB  - To evaluate a possible role of histamine in the CNS control of prolactin and
      gonadotropin release, adult ovariectomized rats, with stainless steel cannulae
      implanted in the 3rd ventricle, were given s.c. injections of 10 mug of estradiol
      benzoate. 48 h later, 2 mul of 0.9% NaCl alone or of saline containing 1, 5, 25
      or 125 mug of histamine dihydrochloride was microinjected into the ventricle.
      Immediately before and then 15, 30 and 60 min after, blood samples were withdrawn
      from etherized rats for radioimmunoassay (RIA) of serum prolactin, LH and FSH. In
      the histamine-injected rats, an increase in prolactin titers was observed and was
      highly significant in groups receiving the higher doses. A small yet significant
      release of LH, but not of FSH, was also observed. When 25 mug of histamine was
      injected directly into the pituitary or into the jugular vein, no elevations were
      observed, indicating a site of action in the brain. Restraint stress elevated
      serum prolactin and lowered serum LH and FSH in ovariectomized rats. These
      responses were blocked by the intrajugular injection of diphenhydramine (5
      mg/kg). It is suggested that histamine may be involved in the hypothalamic
      control of prolactin release and possibly of gonadotropin release.

PMID- 958594
TI  - Differential effects of dopamine agonists and haloperidol on release of
      prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone in
      rats.
AB  - The dose-response effects of apomorphine and ET-495 (piribedil), 2 specific
      dopamine (DA) receptor stimulators, and haloperidol, a DA receptor blocker, were
      tested on the secretion of prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
      growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in male rats. Both apomorphine
      and piribedil reduced serum PRL and TSH levels, stimulated GH release at low but
      not at high doses and either had no effect or tended to reduce serum LH levels.
      The minimal effective dose of apomorphine for reducing PRL by 30 min was 0.01
      mg/kg; TSH inhibition was observed with a dose of 0.1-0.3 mg/kg. The inhibitory
      effects of apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg) on PRL and TSH levels were maximal by 15 min
      and diminished by 120 min; plasma GH was highest 120 min after injection.
      Thyroidectomy (10 days) markedLH elevated serum TSH, had no effect on serum PRL
      and inhibited the ability of apomorphine (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg) to reduce TSH but not
      PRL levels. These observations may indicate that separate dopaminergic control
      mechanisms exist for TSH and PRL secretion. Administration of haloperidol
      elevated serum PRL, tended to lower TSH, dramatically reduced GH and had no
      effect on LH levels. Haloperidol pre-treatment blocked the effects of apomorphine
      on PRL, TSH, and GH secretion. The overall results of this study indicate that DA
      agonists inhibit PRL and TSH, stimulate GH but do not stimulate LH release in
      male rats.

PMID- 958595
TI  - Accumulation of 3H-testosterone in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of rat brain
      during postnatal development.
AB  - The accumulation of 3H-testosterone and its metabolites in the brain of neonatal
      and prepubertal rats was measured following injections of the hormone in vivo, or
      after incubation of minced brain tissue with 3H-testosterone in tissue culture
      medium. Radioactivity associated with purified nuclei and various cytoplasmic
      fractions of brain tissue was determined in 2-5-day, 10-12-day, and 25-32-day-old
      animals. Comparisons of radioactive steroids, accumulated 2 h after s.c.
      injections of 3H-testosterone or 3H-estradiol, showed that testosterone (T) is
      accumulated to a lesser extent than estradiol (E), but the age-related patterns
      of uptake are similar for both steroids. A continuous decrease in radioactivity
      was observed in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions from the brains of 2-, 4-, and
      12-day-old animals that were given injections of 3H-testosterone in vivo. This
      age-related pattern of decreasing uptake of radioactivity was not observed when
      excised brain tissue was incubated with 3H-testosterone in tissue culture medium.
      Thus, it appears that the age-related responsiveness of neonatal rats to T may be
      due more to the fact that decreasing amounts of the hormone reach the brain in
      older animals than that an inherent difference exists in tissue susceptibility
      during this period. Most of the radioactivity accumulated in the brain was
      associated with cytoplasmic fractions. Less than 1% of the homogenate
      radioactivity accumulated in purified nuclei. This restricted uptake and the
      kinetics of 3H-testosterone nuclear accumulation suggest that a nuclear site of
      action of T and/or its metabolites exists in the neonatal rat brain.

PMID- 958596
TI  - The effect of surgical isolation or ablation of the medial basal hypothalamus on
      serum prolactin levels in male rats.
AB  - Complete isolation of ablation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was
      performed in adult male rats, and non-stress prolactin levels were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in blood collected by decapitation at 24h, 2 weeks and 6 weeks
      following surgery. 24 h after surgery, medial hypothalamic ablation (MHA)
      markedly elevated prolactin levels compared to those of intact control rats;
      prolactin levels subsequently declined to normal resting values 2 to 6 weeks
      following surgery. Circulating prolactin levels following hypothalamic isolation
      were not different from those of controls at either acute or chronic sampling
      intervals. These data suggest that chronic isolation or destruction of the MBH
      does not alter basal prolactin secretion in male rats, provided that circadian
      and stress-induced variations in control animals are properly considered.

PMID- 958597
TI  - Effects of ovariectomy on dexamethasone suppression of the adrenal axis in adult
      rats.
AB  - Three weeks after ovariectomy, adult female rats had lower basal levels of serum
      corticosterone (B), which did not display a daily rhythm, and reduced responses
      to ether stress, measured by blood levels of B 15 min after ether exposure.
      Ovariectomized (OVX) females were more sensitive to dexamethasone (DEX)
      suppression of the ether induced stress response, reaching basal levels at a dose
      of 50 mug DEX/100 g b.w. At this dose, B levels were reduced by only 30% over
      saline-control values in intact rats. DEX-treated intact rats displayed a short
      term suppression, reaching a maximum 2 h after the injection followed by a
      rebound 7 h post-injection and a second suppression period evident by 11 h post
      injection. OVX rats showed a steadily increasing suppression that began 1 h after
      injection and persisted to the last sample time at 11 h post-injection. The
      disappearance of DEX from peripheral blood was followed by means of
      radioimmunoassay and no difference was found between intact and OVX rats either
      in the basal state or 15 min after ether stress. It can be concluded that ovarian
      steroids condition the sensitivity of the adrenal axis to DEX suppression and
      that the differences in DEX sensitivity  we have previously noted between
      prepubertal and adult rats can be accounted for by a change in gonadal status
      rather than by a critical developmental event in the adrenal axis itself.

PMID- 958598
TI  - Responses of plasma "estradiol" and plasma LH to ovariectomy, ovariectomy plus
      adrenalectomy, and estrogen injection at various ages.
AB  - Plasma LH and "estradiol" were measured by radioimmunoassay in female rats 5, 10,
      15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 80 days of age, and the changes in these hormone levels
      24 h after ovariectomy, ovariectomy plus adrenalectomy, and estrogen injection
      were determined. Plasma "estradiol" was high at 5 days of age; it increased
      further to a peak at 15 days of age, and declined thereafter to the low levels
      seen in adult rats. At each age, plasma "estradiol" declined about 50% 24 h after
      ovariectomy, whereas it fell to undetectable levels 24 h after ovariectomy plus
      adrenalectomy at 20 and 80 days of age. Plasma LH did not increase 24 h following
      ovariectomy at 5 days of age, but it did at all ages thereafter. The peak
      increase occurred 24 h after ovariectomy at 15 days of age, and the increment was
      progressively smaller at older ages. Ovariectomy plus adrenalectomy did not cause
      a significantly greater increase in plasma LH than ovariectomy alone. Injection
      of estradiol caused a decrease in plasms LH at all ages except in the animals
      ovariectomized at 5 days of age. The greatest decrease was seen in animals
      ovariectomized at 15 days of age, with a progressively smaller negative feedback
      response as age increased. In addition to providing systematic data on changes in
      the negative feedback effect of estradiol at various ages, the results indicate
      that, especially in immature animals, there is a circulating substance which
      cross-reacts with antibodies to estradiol but which does not appear to be a
      biologically-active estrogen. It does not come from the ovaries and disappears
      from the circulation if the adrenals as well as the ovaries are removed.

PMID- 958599
TI  - Visual communication in aphasia.

PMID- 958600
TI  - The encoding capacity of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis.

PMID- 958601
TI  - Failures in information processing in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome.

PMID- 958602
TI  - Hemispheric functional asymmetry in visual discrimination between univariate
      stimuli: an analysis of sensitivity and response criterion.

PMID- 958603
TI  - [Mechanisms of difficulties with repetition and comprehension of language in
      acoustic-mnestic aphasia].

PMID- 958604
TI  - Slow cortical potential shifts recorded in cats performing a time estimation
      task: preliminary results.

PMID- 958605
TI  - Cerebral lateralization of speech: the effects of age, sex, race, and
      socioeconomic class.

PMID- 958606
TI  - [Perception of superimposed figures by subjects with unilateral cortical
      lesions].

PMID- 958607
TI  - Recognition of overlapping patterns and focal hemisphere damage.

PMID- 958608
TI  - Shifts in laterality in a baby chimpanzee.

PMID- 958609
TI  - Sex differences and lateral specialization of hemispheric functioning.

PMID- 958610
TI  - The megadolichobasilar artery anomaly and expansion of the internal auditory
      meatus.
AB  - A case of megadolichobasilar artery anomaly (MDBA) with expansion of the internal
      auditory meatus is presented. There was no associated hearing loss and it is
      postulated that IAM expansion without hearing loss may occur with this anomaly.

PMID- 958611
TI  - Rare carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses with notes on the differentiation
      between proatlantal and hypoglossal arteries.
AB  - Two cases of persistent anastomoses between the carotid and vertebrobasilar
      systems which have only once been previously reported are described. These are a
      proatlantal intersegmental artery which arises from the external carotid artery
      and a primitive trigeminal artery with direct anastomosis to the superior
      cerebellar artery. Angiographic criteria for differentiation of the proatlantal
      and more common hypoglossal arteries, as well as the rare persistent cervical
      intersegmental artery are also presented.

PMID- 958612
TI  - The radiological manifestations of intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - Two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, one arising in the parotid gland and the other
      within the middle ear cavity, are presented. Both cases developed neurological
      signs of intracranial extension, which, in one, were non-localizing. The
      angiographic characteristics of these two cases as well as those reported in the
      literature are discussed. Angiography delineated the extent of tumor involvement
      and influenced the treatment ports. Isolated reports of long term survivals and
      some promising preliminary results from more aggressive therapy warrant
      delineation of tumor extent. To this end angiography is helpful.

PMID- 958613
TI  - Aspergillosis involving the sphenoid sinus.
AB  - The radiological features of isolated involvement of the sphenoid sinus by
      aspergillosis are described.

PMID- 958614
TI  - Suprasellar subarachnoid cysts.
AB  - Suprasellar subarachnoid cysts are rare entities that should be included in the
      differential diagnosis of parasellar masses. Five new cases are reported and the
      literature reviewed.

PMID- 958615
TI  - The plica mediana dorsalis of the dura mater and its relation to lumbar
      peridurography (canalography).
AB  - Lewit and Sereghy (1975) have expressed some doubts about the existence of the
      dorsal plica mediana and its relation to the median translucency regularly seen
      on peridurographic pictures made in the PA projection. The present paper reports
      the demonstration of the dorsal plica mediana in fresh anatomical preparations
      under conditions lowering the intradural pressure, and the relation of the plica
      to the peridurographical median translucency, shown on the basis of the injection
      into the lumbar peridural space of a gelatine solution containing India ink.

PMID- 958616
TI  - The venous drainage of the tectum mesencephali. An anatomical angiographic study
      of the quadrigeminal veins.
AB  - The normal course and appearance of the veins draining the tectum mesencephali
      proper are described in detail on the basis of the anatomical radiological study.
      These specific veins, the quadrigeminal veins, were constantly present on autopsy
      study. There are two types of variations of these quadrigeminal veins. They have
      a close anatomical and angiographic correlation with the quadrigeminal plate
      proper, and also outline the posterior aspects of the quadrigeminal plate. The
      whole structure of the mesencephalon may be delineated by these veins in
      combination with the other veins of the mesencephalon. They may be of diagnostic
      value in the early recognition of the brain stem lesions.

PMID- 958617
TI  - Myelographic evidence for nerve root enlargement in a case of Charcot-Marie-Tooth
      disease.
AB  - The myelographic findings of enlarged nerve roots in a patient with Charcot-Marie
      Tooth disease is found to be identical to those of Hypertrophic Interstitial
      Neuritis and Neurofibromatosis. The hypertrophy of the roots may represent a
      single response to different noxious stimuli. Clinical and laboratory
      differentiation are given for the diseases.

PMID- 958618
TI  - Focal angiographic abnormalities with subdural empyema.
AB  - Thirteen patients with subdural empyema underwent arteriography preoperatively
      and three were restudied postoperatively. Arterial vascular changes were found in
      nine cases and consisted of localized or diffuse arterial irregularities. In two
      cases the arterial changes resolved with effective therapy. These arterial
      changes are similar in appearance and response to therapy to those noted with
      meningitis; however, in this series they were shown to have occured in seven
      cases with subdural empyema but without associated meningitis. Therefore, empyema
      alone may cause localized or diffuse arterial irregularities.

PMID- 958619
TI  - Lumbar phlebography by catheterization of the lateral sacral and ascending lumbar
      veins with abdominal compression.
AB  - The lumbar epidural veins are opacified by injection of the lateral sacral and
      ascending lumbar veins with abdominal compression. This technique provides a good
      opacification of the entire lumbar epidural venous system. Some anatomical points
      are discussed and clarified. The interest of the technique in the diagnosis of
      discal herniations is emphasized.

PMID- 958620
TI  - The economy of the EMI-scanner.
AB  - It is shown-taking in consideration the local circumstances-that the EMI scanning
      of the brain is less expensive than pneumoencephalography percutaneus carotid
      angiography or cerebral four vessel angiography.

PMID- 958621
TI  - Rupture of intracranial aneurysm during carotid angiography.
AB  - The reports of rupture of an aneurysm during carotid angiography are very few but
      the actual incidence is doubtless higher than recorded. The case presented is
      documented with the demonstration of a large middle cerebral artery aneurysm with
      an intratemporal hematoma, and, in sequence, the rupture of the aneurysm during
      the height of the injection and the subsequent extensive leakage of the contrast
      medium. The factors which can lead to rupture of an aneurysm during the
      angiographic procedure are discussed.

PMID- 958622
TI  - Computer tomography in the diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumours.
AB  - 53 patients clinically suspected of having a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesion
      were examined by computer tomography (CT) with 160 X 160 matrix EMI scanner. 17
      cases (32%) had tumour positive CT,  of which 12 were neurinomas and 1
      meningioma. 1 CT suggestive of a CPA lesion was false positive and 1 unoperated
      case is probably a false negative CT. Three of the eleven verified neurinomas
      (27%) were of the medial type originating in the angle cistern. One neurinoma
      protruding 1 cm into the cistern showed no contrast enhancement. 2 CT scans
      (3.8%) were unsatisfactory due to movements and the large size of the head. CT is
      valuable for the investigation of CPA pathology and the diagnostic efficiency
      compares favourably to other neuroradiological procedures.

PMID- 958623
TI  - Scalp veins as collateral pathway with parasagittal meningiomas occluding the
      superior sagittal sinus.
AB  - In 3 cases with occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) with parasagittal
      meningiomas, carotid angiography demonstrated scalp veins as an important
      collateral venous pathway. The authors believe that occlusion of the SSS is best
      seen in half axial oblique carotid phlebograms under contralateral carotid
      compression. Direct sinography is time consuming and troublesome. In the presence
      of scalp veins as important collaterals, strategic consideration for surgical
      treatment is discussed.

PMID- 958624
TI  - Arachnoid cyst simulating intrameatal acoustic neuroma.
AB  - A very rare cause of perception deafness wass found in a child with an
      intrameatal arachnoid cyst. This case is the second reported in the literature.

PMID- 958625
TI  - Acquired basal encephalocele.
AB  - The radiodiagnostic signs of congenital basal encephalocele are well known. The
      case history described here shows that a long existing, acquired, traumatic
      transethmoidal encephalocele can cause the same roentgen appearance. The
      differences between the congenital and recent posttraumatic forms are indicated.

PMID- 958626
TI  - Unusual angiographic manifestations of craniopharyngioma: a case report.
AB  - A craniopharyngioma with two unusual manifestations, a dense capsular stain and
      occlusion of the internal carotid artery, is reported. Neither of these findings
      appear to have been reported previously. Explanations for these unusual phenomena
      are offered.

PMID- 958627
TI  - Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, phlebographically controled after recovery.
AB  - A 27 year old patient, presenting clinically and phlebographically a Tolosa-Hunt
      syndrome was observed after recovery. Normal reappearance of a previously
      completely obstructed cavernous sinus was noted, leaving only a persisting
      irregularity of the superior ophthalmic vein.

PMID- 958628
TI  - The development of priorities for health services research. The National Center,
      1974-76.
AB  - The priorities published by the  National Center for Health Services
      Research/DHEW in 1975 were the result of more than a year of consultation between
      federal officials and members of the research community. The process of priority
      development emerged from an interpretation of the history of the National Center,
      of health services research as an activity, and of the previous experience of
      various research agencies. This paper is a combined memoir and intellectual
      history of the priority development process in the National Center by a
      participant who, because of his position, was somewhat detached from events.

PMID- 958629
TI  - Child  health in America: toward a rational public policy.
AB  - Analysis of currently available data on mortality and morbidity indicates that
      the major organic illnesses of childhood, and their developmental consequences,
      are susceptible in part to the technical interventions of American medical
      science. Environmental forces, however, exert a powerful impact on the health of
      children in the United states, manifested both in the disproportionate toll of
      most organic diseases on poor and nonwhite populations and in such increasingly
      important symptoms of familial, social, and behavioral distress as child abuse,
      accidents, and childhood suicide. Review of the nature, quality, and distribution
      of child health services demonstrates a systemic inability to reach and treat the
      children most in need of them. A rational basis for child health policy includes:
      appropriate concepts of health, disease, and preventive and therapeutic
      intervention; a capacity to acknowledge, to measure, and to act on the familial
      and environmental, as well as the medical, sources of illness; an orientation to
      the developmental and social implications of good and poor child health; and a
      commitment to enable all children to receive health services. The data and this
      policy framework lead to these program recommendations: the channeling of
      resources into a more rational system which guarantees equity and access; a
      planning and program implementation mechanism which addresses the health needs of
      diverse local populations  and which makes real the  advocacy concept; a
      screening, evaluation, and surveillance methodology; a delivery system which both
      applies preventive and curative health technology and addresses basic life needs
      of children; and a coherent program for the training, assignment, and supervision
      of the several kinds of manpower which such a system would require.

PMID- 958630
TI  - A method of estimating physician requirements.
AB  - This article describes and applies a method of estimating physician requirements
      for the United States based on physician utilization rates of members of two
      comprehensive prepaid plans of medical care providing first-dollar coverage for
      practically all physician services. The plan members' physician utilization rates
      by age and sex and by field of specialty of the physician were extrapolated to
      the entire population of the United States. On the basis of data for 1966, it was
      found that 34 percent more physicians than were available would have been
      required to give the entire population the amount and type of care received by
      the plan members. The "shortage" of primary care physicians (general practice,
      internal medicine, and pediatrics combined) was found to be considerably greater
      than of physicians in the surgical specialties taken together (41 percent as
      compared to 21 percent). The paper discusses in detail the various assumptions
      underlying this method and stresses the need for careful evaluation of all
      methods of estimating physician requirements.

PMID- 958631
TI  - Crowding and human reproduction.
AB  - Studies of crowding in lower animals repeatedly demonstrate that compressed
      living conditions depress the ability of the species to reproduce. In a sample of
      470 urban  Toronto women we examined the effect of neighborhood and household
      crowding on the probability of a pregnancy and on the probability that any given
      product of the pregnancy will not survive until one year of age. Crowding did not
      influence fertility nor fetal and infant survival within the range of crowding
      found in this  sample. If crowding has any influence on reproduction it would
      more profitably be investigated beyond the range of living density and housing
      markets found in North American urban areas.

PMID- 958632
TI  - Hypertension control among employed persons in New York City: 1973-75.
AB  - A recent survey of 8, 579 employed persons in New York City has revealed that
      85.7 percent of the 1,440 hypertensives identified were already aware of their
      condition and 66.1 percent were being treated. These results are in marked
      contrast to those obtained only a few years ago, when in a similar setting only
      half of those with high blood pressure were aware of their condition and
      relatively few had entered treatment. Unfortunately, however, the potential
      impact of this considerable shift in behavior has  not been realized because only
      half of those who enter treatment achieve normal blood pressure. Thus, despite
      far greater emphasis on the community problem of hypertenstion, fewer than one
      third of all those with high blood pressure are controlled. These data indicate
      that further screening and referral can, at best, increase the rate of control
      only slightly. The urgent need now is for development and implementation of
      programs that provide effective long-term patient management.

PMID- 958633
TI  - Head position training with the cerebral palsied child: an application of
      biofeedback techniques.
AB  - A biofeedback training system has been developed for providing the cerebral
      palsied child with precise auditory and visual information regarding the spatial
      position of his head. The child actively practices correcting his head position
      by using feedback delivered through a mercury-switch device called a head
      position trainer. Twelve children have received clinical training and results are
      discussed in terms of feedback-sensitive, feedback-trained and feedback-learned,
      the results of treatment dictating the classification. It is concluded that the
      head position trainer is an effective sensory aid for the cerebral palsied child
      in the development of head control and position awareness. It is proposed that
      this system has excellent potential use as an adjunct to regular therapy
      programming in that it provides additional daily practice time and an objective
      method of recording the child's progress.

PMID- 958634
TI  - [Post-convulsive coma].

PMID- 958635
TI  - [Changes of thermoregulation in coma due to tranquilizing agents].

PMID- 958636
TI  - [Effects of ketamine on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cases with normotensive
      hydrocephalus].

PMID- 958637
TI  - [Combination Valium & Epontol in the same syringe for the induction of anesthesia
      for cesarean section].

PMID- 958638
TI  - [Clinical experimentation with the endovenous anesthetic agent Althesin].

PMID- 958639
TI  - [Propanidid as a drug for the induction of ethrane anesthesia].

PMID- 958640
TI  - [Diagnostic problems of fat embolism in multiple injuries of neurosurgical
      interest].

PMID- 958641
TI  - [Malignant hyperthermia. Familial screening of CPK].

PMID- 958642
TI  - [Use of a new sympathomimetic amine in cardiogenic shock: dopamine. Personal
      experience].

PMID- 958643
TI  - [Statistical, clinical and therapeutic contribution to the current knowledge on
      fat embolism].

PMID- 958644
TI  - [Effects of dopamine on diuresis and on the excretion of electrolytes in healthy
      subjects].

PMID- 958645
TI  - Vitamin B2 status in athletes and the influence of riboflavin administration on
      neuromuscular irritability.
AB  - In order to obtain information on the vitamin B2 status in athletes in training,
      the following aspects were investigated: in one group of athletes, riboflavinuria
      at rest, during the autumn and winter months (mean values 23.8 and 9.45 mug/h,
      respectively); in the second group (n = 18), the activity of the nicotinamide
      adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate-dependent red blood cell glutathione reductase (EC
      1.6.4.2) and its activation by added flavin adenine dinucleotide. In 8 athletes,
      activation coefficients higher than 1.25 were found, indicating a biochemical
      deficiency of riboflavin. Erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) was activated by
      more than 25% with added thiamine pyrophosphate in 12 cases. In muscle samples of
      10 healthy patients (fresh fractures or removing of metal plates from old
      fractures), glutathione reductase (mean activity 0.846 +/- 0.458 U/g wet weight)
      was activated by more than 25% in 5 cases. Administration of 10 mg of riboflavin
      per os resulted in moderate lowering of neuromuscular irritability (musculi
      vastus medialis and lateralis quadricipitis) particularly for 0.1-msec
      rectangular stimuli.

PMID- 958646
TI  - Circulating lipophages and aortic foam cells in experimental atherosclerosis of
      rabbits under altered reticuloendothelial activity.
AB  - Administration of Freund's adjuvant to cholesterol-fed rabbits inhibited the
      induction of atheroma in the aorta of rabbits when compared with cholesterol-fed
      indiaink-treated animals and cholesterol-fed saline-treated controls.
      Simultanously the blockade of the reticuloendothelial system by india ink caused
      a greater degree of atheromatous lesions in these rabbits. Smears of peripheral
      blood studied by light microscopy revealed the presence of circulating lipophages
      which were morphologically similar to the aortic foam cells isolated from the
      same animal. Isolation of mononuclear lipid-containing foam cells from aortic
      intima and the presence of a morphologically similar type of cell in circulating
      blood indicate that the blood might be the most likely source of intimal foam
      cells.

PMID- 958647
TI  - Metabolism of liver triacylglycerols in rats tube-fed a threonine-devoid diet.
AB  - Rats tube-fed a diet devoid of threonine accumulated triacylglycerols in their
      livers, starting on the third day of the diet. The fatty acid composition of the
      accumulated lipid and the contribution of novo synthesized fatty acids to the
      lipid accumulation, as determined with tritiated water as a radioactive precursor
      for fatty acid synthesis, suggested that an increased hepatic de novo synthesis
      of fatty acids is not a major factor for the development of this liver lipid
      accumulation. The metabolism of intravenous injected 3H-oleic acid, the Triton
      induced hyperlipemia and the activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue was
      also studied. None of these studies revealed any significant difference between
      the threonine-deficient and control rats. It is concluded that the hepatic
      triacylglycerol accumulation in the threonine-deficient rats does not result from
      any gross abnormality in the rate of liver triacylglycerol formation or secretion
      to the plasma. It is suggested that a possible causative mechanism is a
      derangement in the metabolism of the storage pool of liver triacylglycerols.

PMID- 958648
TI  - Biotin status and lipid metabolism in adult obese hypercholesterolemic inbred
      rats.
AB  - A statistically significant inverse association was generally found between
      plasma total lipid, cholesterol, or phospholipid and biotin status of 300-day-old
      male inbred BHE (IN-BHE) rats. Plasma, liver, and carcass lipid of both sexes
      generally had a significant direct association with liver lactate dehydrogenase
      activity; an inverse association in males resulted with improved biotin status.
      Elevated plasma lactate indicative of anaerobic glycolysis was found. It is
      proposed that an increased reductive environment - a consequence of accumulated
      NADH - could account for enhanced triglyceride synthesis and that this effect
      could explain the obesity in the IN-BHE rats. After the injection of 300 mug of
      biotin, plasma levels of lactate and pyruvate fell in male rats, indicating a
      stimulatory effect of biotin upon the oxidative pathways in these animals.

PMID- 958649
TI  - Food intake, dietary supplements and survival time of scorbutic guinea pigs.
AB  - Manual presentation of a liquid scorbutogenic diet permitted a more complete
      characterisation of the terminal stages of scurvy in guinea pigs. A bioflavonoid
      preparation from orange peel, previously shown both to increase the tissue
      concentrations of ascorbic acid and to stimulate the growth of hypovitaminotic C
      guinea pigs, had no influence on the survival time of scorbutic guinea pigs.
      Tetrahydrofolic acid, reported to possess 40% of the activity of ascorbic acid in
      the protocollagen proline-hydroxylase system, also failed significantly to
      prolong the survival period. This latter finding could indicate that ascorbic
      acid has essential biochemical functions in addition to its involvement in the
      hydroxylation of proline and lysine.

PMID- 958650
TI  - Effect of starvation on pituitary growth hormone cells and blood growth hormone
      and prolactin levels in the rat.
AB  - Growth hormone (GH) cells of rats were studied on days, 2, 4 and 7 of starvation.
      Immunoperoxidase staining for light microscopy confirmed the presence of GH in
      the pituitaries of all groups of animals. Electron microscopy revealed crinophagy
      in the cytoplasm of GH cells on days 4 and 7. By ultrastructural morphometry,
      volume density and the diameter of secretory granules in the cytoplasm of GH
      cells remained unchanged. Blood GH determinations showed a significant decrease
      on day 4 of the starvation period. On day 7 most of the values were in the range
      of the controls. Blood prolactin levels fell significantly on day 7. It appears
      that the pituitary is capable of secreting GH even in rats completely deprived of
      exogenous nutrients.

PMID- 958651
TI  - Serum vitamin B12 levels in protein-malnourished children.
AB  - Serum vitamin B12 levels were assayed in 25 healthy and 35 protein-malnourished
      children aged 1-6 years. Serum proteins and haematocrit values of the children
      were also measured. Liver enlargement was estimated clinically. The mean serum
      vitamin B12 activity among protein-malnourished children was slightly higher than
      that for the control group. Serum vitamin B12 activity of the healthy Nigerian
      children was, however, high, and possible reasons for this are discussed in
      detail. There was some correlation between very high serum vitamin B12 levels
      among the protein-malnourished children and incidence of liver enlargement.

PMID- 958652
TI  - Adaptation of pancreatic amylase activity to enhanced parenteral carbohydrate
      intake in rats, and electron microscopic findings.
AB  - The present study records a rise of amylase activity in rat pancreatic tissue
      after a long-term administration of high carbohydrate diets (14% excess of
      glucose administered orally or subcutaneously as 30% glucose solution) in
      comparison to a normal diet. It was concluded that the pancreas obtains
      information on intestinal food composition along the humoral pathway. Electron
      microscopic investigations revealed no impairment of the acinar cells of the
      pancreas, but only changes that may be considered as a structural expression of
      the various phases of activity of the acinar cells.

PMID- 958653
TI  - The energetics of "catch up" growth.
AB  - Animals, prevented from growing and then refed a good diet ad libitum, growth
      faster than normal and this is called "catch up" growth. This experiment was
      designed to show whether this is achieved by eating more food or by a greater
      efficiency of energy utilisation. Groups of rats (either 3 or 5 weeks old) were
      maintained at constant weight for a month, either by reducing the quantity of a
      good diet or by reducing the proportion of dietary protein. Food intake and
      carcass gain were measured for a period of 6 days "catch up" growth and compared
      with the control growth of rats with the same starting weight. It is concluded
      that "catch up" growth is associated with increased energy intake and increased
      efficiency when expressed as food conversion and gross energetic efficiency.
      There are, however, specific age differences in the metabolism of "catch up"
      growth which may be due to variation in either the maintenance requirement or the
      efficiency of protein and fat synthesis. This experiment emphasizes the
      differences between the various available expressions of energy utilisation.

PMID- 958654
TI  - Influence of age and sex on plasma zinc levels in normal and diabetic
      individuals.
AB  - Plasma zinc levels were measured in both healthy and diabetic individuals having
      an age range of 10-93 years. No significant differences in plasma zinc
      concentrations were found between males and females in either healthy or diabetic
      individuals. Up to the age of 50 years, the mean plasma zinc of normal
      individuals remained relatively constant at 70 +/- 32 mug/100 ml (+/- 2 SE) after
      which the levels decreased. This decreasing pattern was absent in diabetics,
      whose plasma zinc of 65 +/- 32 mug/100 ml remained constant over the entire age
      range. For women on oral contraceptive agents, the mean plasma zinc was 59 +/- 18
      mug/100 ml, which was significantly lower than that of controls.

PMID- 958655
TI  - Selenium in in vitamin-E-deficient diets and the occurrence of myopathy as a
      symptom of vitamin E deficiency.
AB  - The occurrence of myopathy in vitamin-E-deficient ducklings, which is used for
      the determination of the degree of vitamin E deficiency, is depending on the
      selenium content of the diet. The selenium content of a semi-synthetic diet and
      its constituents was determined by neutron activation analysis, which showed to
      be an adequately sensitive and precise method of analysis for selenium. The
      casein compound was the main source of the selenium in the diet. Myopathy
      occurred with diets containing about 50 ppb Se; diets containing about 100 ppb Se
      failed to induce any signs of myopathy.

PMID- 958656
TI  - The influence of vitamin E deficiency and combined deficiency in vitamin E and
      polyunsaturated fatty acids on the biosynthesis and degradation of rat central
      nervous system myelin.
AB  - The ability to incorporate intracranially injected 14C-labelled leucine into
      central nervous system (CNS) myelin was studied in developing rats fed a control
      diet, a diet deficient in vitamin E and a diet deficient both in vitamin E and
      polyunsaturated fatty acids. The turnover of radioactivity incorporated into
      myelin and the distribution of radioactivity between the individual proteins of
      rat CNS myelin at various stages of the deficiency state was studied. Impaired
      myelin formation was found in cases of both types of deficiency. The level of
      incorporated radioactivity was raised by both types of deficiency throughout the
      experimental period. The mean half life of myelin radioactivity was found higher
      in combined deficient animals as compared to control and vitamin-E-deficient
      rats. The distribution of radioactivity between myelinproteins, separated by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, appeared identical in the three experimental
      groups.

PMID- 958657
TI  - Acute solitary diverticulitis of the ascending colon.

PMID- 958658
TI  - Evaluation of bacitracin ointment in the treatment of impetigo.

PMID- 958659
TI  - Maternal deaths involving lower nephron nephrosis.

PMID- 958660
TI  - Two autopsy cases of duplication of the ureter.

PMID- 958661
TI  - Pterygium on twins.

PMID- 958662
TI  - Electroretinography and temporal aspects in macular dystrophy.
AB  - In a family with cone-rod dystrophy of autosomal recess inheritance, the
      diagnosis was established by characteristic abnormalities of the ERG, which
      demonstrates cone responses reduced in amplitude and delayed in implicit time,
      and rod delayed implicit time in two sisters with macular degeneration. The
      abnormalities of the implicit time are seen also in two other sisters of the
      propositi, who are clinically normal. The hypothesis that they are only capable
      to transmit the gene defect to their offspring is advanced.

PMID- 958663
TI  - Contractile peripapillary staphyloma.
AB  - A 42-year-old woman had a contractile staphyloma involving the peripapillary area
      of the fundus of the left eye. The finding was related with high myopia of the
      same eye, which had a VA of 6/6 P. Except an enlargement of the blind spot no
      other finding was observed. The movement had no relation with any organic or non
      organic rhythm.

PMID- 958664
TI  - [The syndrome of multiple basal cell nevoid epitheliomatosis].
AB  - The syndrome of multiple basal-celled naevoid epitheliomatosis is characterized
      by systeme affections of the skin, the bony skeleton, the endocrine glands, the
      C.N.S., and the eye and its adnexa. A paraneoplastic pathology causing the
      cutanious lesions and tumours secreting hormones or similar substances is
      postulated. A long bibliography is appended.

PMID- 958665
TI  - Influence of estrogens on intraocular tension in the eyeballs of rabbits.
AB  - Iridocorneal angles from the eyes of female rabbits subjected to large doses of
      estrogens were examined under an electron scanning microscope. A temporary rise
      in intraocular tension was noted lasting up to 24 h after injection of estrogens,
      followed by a slow return to normal conditions. Histostructural changes of the
      iridicorneal angle were observed as widening of the marginal sector, enlarging of
      the dimple-shaped depressions and also increased number and narrowing of the
      micropores in the central part of the iridocorneal field. The authors postulate
      that estrogens affect the histostructure of the iridocorneal field and also
      stimulate the circulation of the aqueous fluid.

PMID- 958666
TI  - Malignant melanoma in the orbit. A clinicopathological case report.

PMID- 958667
TI  - Ocular pathology in the elfin face syndrome (the Fanconi-Schlesinger type of
      idiopathic hypercalcaemia of infancy). Histochemical and ultrastructural study of
      a case.
AB  - The pathology, particularly the ocular pathology, is described in a 42-year-old
      mildly retarded man with a history of vomiting in infancy. He had an elfin-like
      face. He died having a pancreatic carcinoma. At autopsy, a supravalvular aortic
      stenosis and a hypoplastic aorta found clinically were confirmed. Stainings for
      calcium were positive in the aortic wall, the kidneys, the adrenals and the
      spleen. In the eyes, calcium was found in the corneal epithelium and endothelium,
      in corneal keratocytes and stroma, in conjunctival epithelium and in the sclera.
      Electron microscopy of the eyes revealed that calcium was deposited as
      hydroxyapatite intracellularly in aggregations of needle-like crystals and
      extracellularly as spherules morphologically different from the intracellular
      deposits. Although the serum values of calcium in this patient were normal during
      his adult life, the histopathological examination indicates an earlier period of
      raised serum calcium. We find it probable that he had idiopathic hypercalcaemia
      in infancy, thereby connecting this infantile condition with the elfin face and
      supravalvular aortic stenosis. In similar cases, the use of the above-mentioned
      technique is recommended for revealing abnormal calcium storage post-mortem and
      in vivo (by conjunctival biopsy) in order to substantiate the diagnosis of
      hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 958668
TI  - Phototherapy of the cornea: some aspects to be considered.
AB  - To safeguard against and reduce possible harmful and undesired side effects of
      photon interaction with ocular structures during phototherapy of certain corneal
      diseases, precautionary measures should be taken. These include (1) Selection of
      the proper light source, strongly emitting in the effective spectral range. (2)
      Removal of potential harmful spectral bands which make no significant
      contribution to the therapeutic action. (3) Determination of the most optimal
      exposure energy (W/cm2). (4) Selection of the most optimal time-dose
      relationship. (5) Selection of the proper interval between vital staining and
      radiation exposure and considering possible repetition of therapeutic exposures.
      (6) Careful calibration of the light source to be used. (7) Adequate eye
      examination for visual acuity, pupillary diameter, signs of intraocular
      inflammation, mainly iritis with anterior chamber activity, and possible fundus
      pathology with special attention to maculopathy. These findings should be
      properly recorded before, during and after the period of phototherapy.

PMID- 958669
TI  - Retinoblastoma in Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome.

PMID- 958670
TI  - Cystic epithelioma of the ciliary body. A clinicopathological case report.

PMID- 958671
TI  - Type I hyperprolinemia in a family suffering from aniridia and severe dystrophia
      of ocular tissues.

PMID- 958672
TI  - Ischaemic optic neuropathy in Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 958673
TI  - The incidence of herpetic keratitis among population.
AB  - The author reports of a relatively little known aspects of herpetic keratitis in
      man, and its incidence among the population. The incidence of primary herpetic
      keratitis is 1:8,000 to 1:24,000 while for relapsing herpetic keratitis it
      amounts to 1:1,653. The relationship of incidence between primary and relapsing
      herpetic keratitis is 1:5 to 1:14. These achievements have their practical values
      from the clinical and social aspect.

PMID- 958674
TI  - Bullous keratopathy following lens extraction in eyes with acute glaucoma due to
      intumescent cataract.
AB  - Nine cases are presented, six of them in detail, which suggest that there is a
      high risk of bullous keratopathy developing when the lens is removed for the
      treatment of acute glaucoma due to an intumescent cataract. In some cases the
      keratopathy is due to detachment of Descemet's membrane from the cornea. Acute
      glaucoma due to an intumescent cataract should be treated medically or by
      peripheral iridectomy. The lens should be removed only after the intraocular
      pressure has been normal and the cornea free of edema for at least 6 weeks.

PMID- 958675
TI  - The effect of orbital irradiation on the survival rate of patients with choroidal
      melanoma.
AB  - Orbital irradiation with 6,000 rad after enucleation of patients suffering from
      choroidal melanoma resulted in a survival rate nearly twice as high after 5 years
      as without any additional radiotherapy.

PMID- 958676
TI  - [Cryotherapy of eyelid and conjunctival tumors].
AB  - Report is given of cryobiological principles, technique and results of
      cryotherapy for eyelid or conjunctival tumors in 181 cases. In the majority of
      cases they were basaliomas. In all cases the therapy was successful. No eyelid
      contractions or tear duct stenosis were noted. The follow-up of 4,5 years showed
      only 2 recidives. Histologically, cryonecrosis showed capillary ectasis with
      hyperemia.

PMID- 958677
TI  - Intrascleral schwannoma.

PMID- 958678
TI  - Bilateral amyloidosis of the orbit. A case report with pathogenetical
      considerations.

PMID- 958679
TI  - Fractures about the knee in children.
AB  - The seriousness of the consequences of growth and angular disturbances about the
      knee that occur as a result of injuries in childhood cannot be overemphasized.
      The resulting limb length discrepancy is well known to the office practitioner,
      who sees these patients presenting with back problems during adulthood. Normal
      knee motion and stability are prime prerequisites for normal gait, and loss of
      knee motion as a determinant of gait can increase the energy requirement up to
      300-fold. The management of these injuries presented has produced good results
      for the author. The author strongly recommends careful follow-up in metaphyseal
      fractures to guard against the development of angular deformities, the anatomical
      reduction of all intra-articular fractures, and x-ray examination of the hip in
      patients in the four to 15 year age group who have sustained minimal or
      insignificant trauma and who complain of pain about the knee.

PMID- 958680
TI  - Fractures of the hand in children.

PMID- 958681
TI  - Fractures of the forearm and wrist.

PMID- 958682
TI  - Fractures of the humerus in children.
AB  - Fractures of the humerus above the distal epiphysis are not common fractures in
      children. Treatment should be directed toward maintenance of alignment with
      healing expected without fail. Contrary to experience with adults with the same
      fractures, children seldom have residual functional or cosmetic problems if one
      aligns the fractures and protects the healing process.

PMID- 958683
TI  - Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced supracondylar fractures of the
      humerus in children.

PMID- 958684
TI  - Dislocations of the upper extremity in children.
AB  - Traumatic dislocations and subluxations of the upper extremity in children have
      been surveyed. The elbow joint is most commonly dislocated and is dislocated more
      frequently in children than in adults. Severe neurovascular injury may be
      associated with dislocation of this joint. The most common subluxation is that of
      the radial head, secondary to a "pulled elbow." Otherwise dislocations and
      subluxations of the upper extremity are uncommon in children, apparently because
      of the relative weakness of the epiphyseal plate. Most of these injuries are the
      result of predictable indirect forces. Principles of reduction and immobilization
      are based on the unique anatomic structure of the joint involved and the known
      anatomic disruption resulting from the trauma.

PMID- 958685
TI  - Fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine in children.
AB  - Correct diagnosis of fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine in children
      requires an awareness of the pseudosubluxation and other normal variants noted in
      x-ray films of patients in this age group. Fractures of the odontoid process
      occur frequently and almost always can be treated by closed reduction and
      external fixation until union occurs. Fractures of the lower cervical spine are
      difficult to detect roentgenographically, and x-ray changes can belie the
      severity of soft tissue injury and cord trauma. Instability tends to persist in
      adolescent patients after cervical spine injury because of the combination of
      epiphyseal and posterior ligamentous disruption. Neoplastic, inflammatory, and
      congenital lesions render the cervical spine vulnerable to injury and can permit
      major damage to result from minor stress.

PMID- 958686
TI  - Fractures of the dorsal and lumbar spine.
AB  - A study of 60 children with thoracic and lumbar spine injuries indicates that the
      child's response to trauma is unique. It is concluded that the potential for
      growth and development and the presence of healthy tissues separate these
      injuries from comparable injuries in adults. The epiphyseal growth partly or
      completely restores vertebral body height, leads to a mild spinal deformity in
      stable injuries, and can contribute to rapidly progressive spinal deformity in
      unstable injuries with or without paralysis. Healthy intervertebral discs account
      for the multiple compression fractures and lack of long term degenerative changes
      of the spine. On the basis of this review, a practical approach to patient care
      is presented.

PMID- 958687
TI  - Fractures of the pelvis in children.

PMID- 958688
TI  - Treatment of fractures of the neck of the femur in children.

PMID- 958689
TI  - Fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children.
AB  - Bryant's traction in children in whom the proper prerequisites are present, 90-90
      traction for proximal third fractures in children over three, all shaft fractures
      in children between three and 10 years of age, and split Russell skeletal
      traction for those over 10 years of age are effective methods for treating
      femural fractures. Attention to detail is necessary to correct angulation and to
      obtain and maintain the appropriate amount of over-riding based upon age.
      Excessive over-riding, distraction, and unreasonable angulation cause functional
      disability that may require corrective surgery.

PMID- 958690
TI  - Traumatic dislocations in the lower extremity in children.

PMID- 958691
TI  - Peripheral nerve injuries in children.
AB  - Recovery after peripheral nerve injuries in children is more complete than in
      adults and is inversely related to the age of the patient. The prognosis for the
      return of sensation following laceration of the median, ulnar, or digital nerve
      depends upon recovery of two point discrimination (in millimeters approximately
      equal to the child's age) at the time of nerve repair. The better results in
      children probably reflect the greater adaptability of the immature central
      nervous system to the nerve injury. Operative exploration of an open wound when
      there is a potential for nerve injury in an uncooperative child is the only sure
      way of determining the status of the nerves. Primary repair of cleanly divided
      nerves in tidy wounds is advocated if it can be done competently. Secondary
      repair is indicated for avulsion injuries, gunshot wounds, crush injuries, and
      human or animal bites. Delicate, atraumatic technique and accurate repair of the
      divided nerve are stressed. The more exacting technique of funicular repair may
      yield better results. Interfascicular cable grafting is a new and useful
      alternative to extensive mobilization in closing nerve gaps. Nonoperative
      treatment of nerve injuries associated with closed fractures is advocated unless
      there are no signs of nerve regeneration in two to three months. Obstetrical
      brachial plexus injuries of the upper plexus carry a better prognosis than lower
      plexus or total plexus injury. Early range of motion exercises to prevent
      contractures are stressed. Maximal recovery takes place within two years. The
      acute nerve compression syndrome should be considered an emergency and may
      require surgical decompression if it is severe and if rapid return of function
      does not occur following reduction of the fracture.

PMID- 958692
TI  - Treatment of tendon injuries in children.
AB  - Tendon injuries in the child's hand can be repaired primarily with better results
      than in the adult; this is true at all levels, including the digital sheath. In
      less than ideal circumstances, secondary conventional tendon grafting also
      provides predictable satisfactory results and can also salvage a failed primary
      repair. In children under the age of six years with digital flexor tendon
      repairs, the limb must be immobilized above the elbow. In the cooperative child
      over the age of six years with a primary repair of a lacerated flexor tendon, the
      dorsal splint with rubber band traction as described by Kleinert is recommended.
      Preoperative diagnosis of tendon injuries in the young child is difficult. If
      there is any doubt after observing the child using his hand, the wound must be
      explored and tendons and nerves identified to ensure their integrity. Even though
      the results of tendon repair in children are better than in adults, the
      structures are small, technique must be meticulous, and magnification must be
      used. Specially trained hand surgeons experienced in primary tendon repair and
      tendon grafting should perform these procedures, for this elegant structure
      deserves the finest attention.

PMID- 958693
TI  - The role of orthopedist in child abuse and neglect.
AB  - The diagnosis of child abuse is contingent upon having a high index of suspicion.
      Orthopedic surgeons and other surgical specialists should be more involved in a
      team approach for prevention, detection and management in cases of child abuse in
      the hope of breaking the cycle of this mutilating and often fatal tragedy.

PMID- 958695
TI  - [Changes in body height in diabetic children].

PMID- 958694
TI  - [The use of synthetic food--elemental diet--in surgery].

PMID- 958696
TI  - [The use of lidoflazin (Clinium) as an anti-arrhythmia agent].

PMID- 958697
TI  - [Lobster claw syndrome].

PMID- 958698
TI  - [Neonatal histidinemia, detected by screening test].

PMID- 958699
TI  - [Treatment of arterial injuries by venous graft].

PMID- 958700
TI  - [Tasks related to first aid and transportation of patients with craniocerebral
      injuries].

PMID- 958701
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic studies with massive doses of atropine (70-920 mg) by means of
      H3-labeled atropine (1. Depot role of the liver)].

PMID- 958702
TI  - [Changes in the motility of the stomach and small intestine following vagotomy].

PMID- 958703
TI  - [6000 cases of childhood poisoning].

PMID- 958704
TI  - [Wide-spread tattooing among high school students].

PMID- 958705
TI  - [Changes in serum enzymes in severe liver damage in Pfeifer-Weber-Christian
      syndrome with fatal outcome].

PMID- 958706
TI  - [Letter: Semantic value of the concept "complication"].

PMID- 958707
TI  - [Letter: Value of the Harlan nomogram].

PMID- 958708
TI  - [Letter: The "menstration-calendar"].

PMID- 958709
TI  - [Blood glucose differences between maternal and fetal blood, as well as in
      umbilical cord blood under normal conditions, alloxan and insulin load in Wistar
      rats at the termination of pregnancy].

PMID- 958710
TI  - [Uranylacetate for the removal of proteins in the determination of blood sugar in
      newborn infants].

PMID- 958711
TI  - [The effect of the gestational age on the blood-calcium level in newborn
      infants].

PMID- 958712
TI  - [The importance of mitral valve insufficiency for the surgical correction of an
      incomplete atrioventricular canal].

PMID- 958713
TI  - [Bioptic changes in juvenile diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 958714
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the epithelium of the midgut in nymphs of Hyalomma asiaticum
      (Acarina, Ixodidae) ticks during feeding].
AB  - The midgut epithelium of H. asiaticum nymphs was studied by means of electron
      microscopy. It has been shown that during feeding the midgut epithelium of the
      above nymphs consists of three types of cells: reserve, secretory and digestive
      ones. There have been revealed two types of the digestive cells. The cells of the
      first type are capable for two forms of blood endocytosis: phagocytosis and
      pinocytosis. During feeding in these cells takes place fast intracellular
      digestion. This type of cells dominates at the beginning of feeding. The second
      type of digestive cells prevailing at the end of feeding is represented by
      specialized cells consuming only haemoglobin. A certain part of these cells
      preserves for a long time an intracellular reserve of haemoglobin.

PMID- 958715
TI  - [Sublethal action and aftereffect of DDT on Dermacentor silvarum 01. (Acarina,
      Ixodidae)].
AB  - Observations were conducted on the processes of feeding and oviposition in the
      females of Dermacentor silvarum poisoned with DDT, the ancestors of which had
      been subjected to this acaricide and had overcome the poisoning due to the
      feeding. The rise in the sensitivity to DDT in the females of the second
      generation and a number of pathological changes both in feeding females and in
      their progeny were noted.

PMID- 958716
TI  - [Study of the inhibitory action of phenothiazine on carbohydrate metabolism in
      Mecistocirrus digitatus (Nematoda: Rhabditida)].
AB  - The presence of phenothiazine in incubation medium of M. digitatus exerted the
      following effects: the increase of glycogene splitting and lactic acid excretion
      in aerobic conditions; the increase of acetic acid excretion and the decrease of
      alpha-methylbutyric acid excretion; glycolysis process inhibition in homogenates
      and supernatants during incubation with glucose. However, at phenothiazine
      incubation with FDF glycolysis intensity was unaffected.

PMID- 958717
TI  - [Study of the cumulation, desorption and mechanism of action of organochlorine
      pesticides on fish cestodes].
AB  - The distribution of residues of DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) in tissues
      of Triaenophorus nodulosus and its host was studied. It has been noted that
      cestodes can accumulate chlororganic substances in great quantity. The ability of
      Bothriocephalus gowkongensis has been established to dechlorate pp-DDT and to
      excrete pp-, op- and mp-DDD from the organism. Pp-DDT decreases the glycogene
      content and causes the rise of amylolytic activity in the above cestodes in acute
      tests. The effect of pp-DDT on the locomotor activity of cestodes is of two-phase
      character. The first one is associated with the muscular influence, the second
      one-- with neurotrophic effect. A high toxicity of mp-DDD )0.1 mg/l) for the
      locomotor activity of cestodes as compared with the effect of pp- and op-DDD was
      revealed.

PMID- 958718
TI  - [Genus Polylabris Euzet et Cauwet, 1967 and some related species of microcotylids
      (Monogenoidea: Microcotylidae)].
AB  - The species P. diplodi Euzet et Cauwet, 1967, P. kuhliae (Yamaguti, 1967), P.
      maomao (Yamaguti, 1968), P. acanthogobii (Yamaguti, 1940), P. gerres (Sandars,
      1944), P. tubicirrus (Paperna et Kohn, 1964) should be assigned to the genus
      Polylabris Euzet et Cauwet, 1967 (=Prostatomicrocotyla Yamaguti, 1968).
      Undoubtedly, "Microcotyle sillaginae Woolcock, 1936" in sensu Gupta and Khullar,
      1968, and very likely the true Microcotyle sillaginae Woolcock, 1936 belong to
      the same genus. P. gerres (Machida, 1973) is a synonym and at the same time a
      homonym of P. gerres (Sandars, 1944). A new species, Polylabris acanthopagri sp.
      n., is described and a new genus, Polylabroides, with a single species, P.
      biungulatus gen. et sp. n., is proposed.

PMID- 958719
TI  - [Adaptations of the genital system of Metastrongylus elongatus in relation to the
      conditions of postembyonic development].
AB  - A topography of the genital system of Metastrongylus elongatus is described in
      comparison with the genital system of Dictyocaulus viviparus. It is established
      that in these species of helminths the genital tubes have a similar location but
      in Metastrongylus elongatus takes place an uterus lenthening caused by the
      transference of the genital orifice to the hind end of the body. Its total length
      is 2.5 as long as the body length of the worm. This phenomenon is regarded as an
      adaptation providing this species a possibility to produce eggs which can for a
      long time exist in the environment.

PMID- 958720
TI  - [Microsporidiosis and coccidiosis, protozoan diseases of flour beetles
      (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)].
AB  - Tribolium destructor and T. confusum diseases caused by the fat body of the
      parasites Nosema whitei and Adelina tribolii were investigated. Life span and
      weight dynamics were examined at different temperatures and infection conditions.
      Infected females of T. confusum lay a less number of eggs. The gas produced by
      stink glands of T. destructor may inactivate the spores of N. whitei but does not
      affect those of A. tribolii.

PMID- 958721
TI  - [New species of the genus Schoutedenichia (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from
      Iran].

PMID- 958722
TI  - [New species of rhinonyssid ticks (Gamasoidea, Rhinonyssidae) that parasitize
      owls].

PMID- 958723
TI  - [Swarming of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Culicidae) in the forest tundra].
AB  - Observations on the swarming of mosquitoes were conducted in the flood plain
      forest of South Yamal (67 degrees N.L.). The individuals of A. communis made 83
      to 94% of the swarming males. Their number in swarms varied from 30 to 800
      specimens. The dynamics of the swarming males number depends on the rate of their
      emergence from the pupae. At the mass emergence the number of swarming males was
      3 times higher though the increase in the general size of the population was
      negligible. Synchronization of the swarming time of males was also favoured by
      warm windless weather.

PMID- 958724
TI  - [Effect of certain factors on block formation in Ceratophillus tesquorum and
      Neopsylla setosa setosa].
AB  - Studies were conducted of the effect of temperature and humidity, variant of
      plague microbe, frequency and duration of feeding and specificity of the host on
      the blockformation in the souslik fleas C. tesquorum and N. setosa infected with
      plague. 28 tests on the effect of temperature and humidity on the blockformation
      were undertaken, for which 14411 fleas of the above species were used. A
      temperature of 16 to 22 degrees proved to be optimal; at this temperature the
      number of blocked fleas (C. tesquorum) varied from 21.2 to 42.7% and that of N.
      setosa--from 41.9 to 54.2%. Marmot variant of plague microbe caused the formation
      of the "block" in 53.3 to 55.1% of fleas of N. setosa in 3-4 days and in 28.0 to
      42.7% of C. tesquorum in 10-14 days after the infection. In C. tesquorum the
      process of blockformation is affected by the frequency of feeding, in N. setosa-
      by the duration of each feeding.

PMID- 958725
TI  - [Helminth fauna of Bering Sea pinnipeds from Karaginskiy Bay].
AB  - The helminthological investigations were conducted from May 6 to May 28, 1972 in
      the Karaginsk Gulf of the Bering Sea. The helminths were collected from 124
      specimens of Phoca vitulina largha, 9 specimens of Erignathus barbatus nauticus,
      9 specimens of Pusa hispida krascheninnikovi and 9 specimens of Histriophoca
      fasciata. In all, 23 species, 2 immature and 1 larval form of helminths were
      recorded. The data are given on the localization of helminths, intensity and
      extensity of their invasion, pathogenic effect on the host. The age dynamics of
      the helminths from Phoca vitulina largha was studied. For the first time are
      reported the trematode Orthosplanchnus pygmaeus, the cestode Diplogonoporus
      tetrapterus and nematodes Aniskis simplex, Anisakis sp. and Parafilaroides
      krascheninnikovi in Phoca vitulina largha and the nematodes Anisakis sp. and
      Phocascaris cystophorae in Pusa hispida krascheninnikovi.

PMID- 958726
TI  - [Metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum in the fauna of the USSR].
AB  - The paper deals with the specific composition of the genus diplostomum, parasitic
      in fishes and Cyclostomata of the USSR. A key is given for the identification of
      13 species of the genus. Each species is provided with a brief morphological
      characteristic including main taxonomic characters of the species.

PMID- 958727
TI  - [Polymorphism of the median crochets of Dactylogyrus vastator Nyb., 1924
      (Monogenoidea) from the crucian carp, Carassius carassius L].
AB  - There are some variations in the dimensions of anchors depending on the age of
      the host, localisation and number of parasites. To differentiate such close
      morphological species as D. vastator and D. crassus it has been suggested to take
      into account, in addition to taxonomic features, the correlation between the
      anchor ventroapical length and the bend.

PMID- 958728
TI  - [New representatives of the lower Monogenea from the gills of fishes of the fam.
      Fomacentridae from the Gulf of Mexico].
AB  - 6 new species of the genus Neohaliotrema Yamaguti, 1965 are described and a new
      genus and species, Paraneohaliotrema microspathodoni Zhukov gen. et sp. n.,
      (Monogenoidea, Polyonchoinea) from the fishes of the family Pomacentridae from
      the of Gulf Mexico are erected. the specimens described were found in Abudefduf
      saxatilis, A. taurus and Microspathodon chrysurus caught in the Habana region.
      The interrelationships between investigated hosts and their parasites are
      discussed. The Indo-Westpacific origin of the genus Neohaliotrema has been
      established.

PMID- 958729
TI  - [Distribution and biology of Apatemon annuligerum (V. Nordmann, 1832) Odening,
      1970 (Trematoda, Strigeidida)].
AB  - In Lake Itkul situated north-westwards of the town of Abakan there were found
      encysted metacercariae of Apatemon annuligerum in the eyes of the perch. Adult
      fishes are 100% infected, the infection intensity amounting to 28 to 455 cysts
      (125 on the average). Maximum infection of the perch takes place at the age of 4
      to 5 years. In elder fishes proceeds a decrease of infection intensity on account
      of a considerable mortality of cysts. There was undertaken an infection of
      incubative ducklings and observed a development of marita to a mature state. The
      maturation of eggs takes place on the 5-th day.

PMID- 958730
TI  - Genuine giant-cell tumour of bone; a combined cytological, histopathological and
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Three patients with a giant-cell tumour of bone were studied clinically,
      roentgenologically and morphologically, using cytological, histopathological and
      electron microscopic methods. The tumours were composed of giant cells possessing
      a great number of mitochondria and stromal cells exhibiting prominent endoplasmic
      reticulum and Golgi complex. Mitotic activity was only found among the stromal
      cells. Autophagic vacuoles, lysosomal bodies and degenerative changes of varying
      severity were found mainly or exclusively among the giant cells, which may
      indicate that these cells represent an involutionary form of tumour cell. The
      giant-cell tumours of bone are believed to arise from undifferentiated cells of
      the bone marrow. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy represents a valuable complement
      to histopathological examination in the identification of giant cell lesions and
      diagnosis of genuine cell tumours of bone.

PMID- 958731
TI  - Ethidium bromide and hepatic mitochondrial structure in mice. A morphometric
      analysis.
AB  - Nine days after receiving a single injection of ethidium bromide - an inhibitor
      of mitochondrial DNA and its synthesis - mice were found to have enlarged
      mitochondria which were also reduced in number. The morphometric study revealed
      an increase of the mean mitochondrial volume, as well as an enlargement of the
      surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane. However, the surface of the
      inner  and outer membrane per unit volume of mitochondrion remained unchanged.
      These morphometric findings suggest mitochondrial growth, since mitochondrial
      inner membranes can be synthesized even in the presence of DNA-inhibiting
      ethidium bromide. In addition, morphometric analysis enables us to estimate the
      mean life span of hepatic mitochondria. In conclusion we may assume that since
      ethidium bromide induces not only a reduction of mitochondrial division but also
      an increase in the hepatic mitochondrial volume and inner membrane, the
      mitochondrial genome possibly fulfills a regulatory role in the mitochondrial and
      cytoplasmic systems for protein synthesis.

PMID- 958732
TI  - Inhibition by lymphoid cellular factors of the immunological cytotoxicity against
      a syngeneic tumour.
AB  - Lymphoid cells of C57BL mice bearing a syngeneic sarcoma are cytotoxic against
      the same tumour cells in vitro at two different periods of the growth of the
      tumour separated by a "mute period". Without additional antigenic stimulation the
      lymphoid cells from the "mute period" can be made cytotoxic by preincubation in
      vitro and elimination of adherent cells by a passage through a glass bead column.
      Either of these treatments alone is inefficient. The cytotoxicity revealed in
      this way is due to cells with different properties than those that are directly
      cytotoxic during the 4th week of the tumour growth. The significance of these
      results is discussed. It is suggested that some other cells have to be eliminated
      because they compete with or inhibit the activity of the "mute period" lymphoid
      cells made cytotoxic by preincubation.

PMID- 958733
TI  - Tritiated thymidine uptake by glomerular cells in proliferative
      glomerulonephritis of the rat.
AB  - A small but significant number of tritiated thymidine labelled cells were found,
      by autoradiography, in the glomeruli of rats with Masugi nephritis or chronic
      serum sickness nephritis. There were no labelled glomerular cells in sections of
      untreated animals. The findings favour the contention that in proliferative
      glomerulonephritis, glomerular hypercellularity is due to infiltration of
      monocytic cells into the tufts where they divide.

PMID- 958734
TI  - The normal squamous epithelium of the human uterine cervix: a histological study.
AB  - The normal squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix was investigated in 50
      foetuses and newborns, as well as in 207 adult women operated upon because of
      various benign conditions of the uterus. The epithelium was divided according to
      the presence or the absence of prominent epithelial papillae. Epithelial papillae
      occurred in 32% of the cervices in the paediatric age and in 17% in adult women.
      They were present in the whole squamous epithelium covering the portio vaginalis
      in all pediatric patients. In 49% of the adult patients epithelial papillae
      covered the whole portio and/or the transitional zone; in the remaining 51% only
      a reduced area presented epithelial papillae. Micrometric determinations
      demonstrated that normal epithelium with papillar formation was thicker than
      epithelium with smooth epithelial border. This was most prominent in the
      paediatric patients. The possibility that oestrogenic stimulation (in paediatric
      patients) and oestrogenic stimulation as well as chronic stromal inflammation (in
      adult patients) could account for the formation of prominent epithelial papillae
      was discussed.

PMID- 958735
TI  - The role of pathology in prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - Antenatal diagnosis of hereditary disease is highly dependent on sufficient
      theoretical knowledge and on a number of practical methods of studying the foetus
      such as obtaining, cultivating and assaying amniotic fluid cells. Knowledge of
      the primary defect in any monogenic disorder cannon be used in prenatal diagnosis
      unless the metabolic error is expressed in vitro. Modern cytogenetics can
      diagnose in utero a large majority of karyotyping abnormalities although the
      karyotype-phenotype correlation is not an absolute one. This task must be
      assigned to special laboratories where technical pitfalls are reliably avoided.
      In both metabolic and chromosomal hereditary disease, the pathologist can confirm
      and extend the phenotypic findings and improve knowledge on foetal features and
      physiopathology. Pathology is the more important, the less means of in utero
      diagnosis are available as in the non-chromosomal syndromes of localized or
      multiple malformations. Here it helps eliminating a present major drawback of
      prenatal diagnosis: the lack of a strict diagnosis in the previous patient in a
      family at risk.

PMID- 958736
TI  - Editorial: A pediatrician's view.

PMID- 958737
TI  - Chronic otitis media in children.
AB  - There are two main types of chronic otitis media in children. The "benign" type
      with a central tympanic membrane perforation may heal spontaneously with
      conservative management. However, if the central tympanic membrane perforation
      fails to heal, it should be closed surgically--preferably at the age when the
      incidence of ear disease in children is lowest. Chronic otitis media with
      cholesteatoma usually has an attic or marginal perforation and requires surgical
      treatment to prevent serious complications. The incidence of this disease has
      been decreasing because of awareness by primary physicians of the importance of
      prompt treatment and the increase in the practice of inserting ventilation tubes.

PMID- 958738
TI  - Vertigo in children.
AB  - The physician should realize that children can have organic vestibular disorders.
      Therefore, he should seriously approach every child who complains of dizziness,
      taking a careful history and performing appropriate examinations in order to
      afford the best possibility of prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

PMID- 958739
TI  - Nasal problems in children.
AB  - Nasal problems in children are very common. The factors that affect the
      embryologic development have been discussed. Injuries that occur in prenatal,
      natal, and postnatal periods affect normal development. Prompt treatment of minor
      injuries is necessary to prevent airway problems later. The "wait and see"
      attitude toward nasal deformity is ill advised. X-ray findings are not
      conclusive, as the nasal pyramid in a child is largely cartilaginous. Obstructive
      nasal breathing can result in facial asymmetry, malocclusion, and cardiopulmonary
      problems. Allergy and sinusitis are frequently causes of obstruction.

PMID- 958740
TI  - Tracheotomy in pediatric airway management.

PMID- 958741
TI  - Neck masses in children: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Neck masses in children most often represent benign lymphadenitis due to
      infection. The involved lymph nodes are usually small, shotty, diffusely
      distributed, and superficial. They may be tender and associated with an acute
      upper respiratory infection or with chronic infection of the tonsils and
      adenoids. Enlargement of the jugulodigastric node is most often associated with
      tonsillitis, and the spinal accessory group of nodes with adenoiditis. Acute
      viral diseases may be associated with lymphadenopathy; mononucleosis is the most
      striking example. The differential diagnosis must include deep neck-space
      abscesses, congenital cysts, and benign as well as malignant neoplasms. A
      diagnosis can be derived from a consideration of the history and physical
      findings, the age of the patient, and the location, size, and consistency of the
      mass. A careful otolaryngologic exam--including the nasopharynx, a chest
      radiograph, and appropriate blood studies--should be routine. When malignancy is
      suspected, a biopsy of the mass is indicated.

PMID- 958742
TI  - Acute hemiplegia of infancy and childhood.

PMID- 958743
TI  - Management of seizure disorders with anticonvulsant drugs: current concepts.

PMID- 958744
TI  - Migraine and migrainous variants in pediatric patients.

PMID- 958745
TI  - Computed tomography of the head in infants and children.

PMID- 958746
TI  - Megavitamin responsive aminoacidopathies.
AB  - Several different vitamins, primarily members of the B complex, serve as
      coenzymes which activate apoenzymes to produce active holoenzymes. These
      cofactors participate in reactions in various ways. Even after a specific enzyme
      diagnosis is made in a patient, it is difficult, if not sometimes impossible, to
      determine if the patient will respond to a specific cofactor in vivo. The safety
      and ease of administering these compounds demand that therapeutic trials be
      undertaken. Doses (see Table 1) of several hundred to several thousand times the
      normal daily requirements must be given to the patient parenterally or by mouth.
      The studies in patients with B6-responsive disorders and with maple syrup urine
      disease would indicate that long term trials of these agents should be given even
      if there is no short term response. When efficacious, these compounds greatly
      simplify therapy for patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 958747
TI  - Hypernatremia--problems in management.
AB  - Hypernatremia may be produced under several different circumstances but most
      frequently is the result of excessive water loss with diarrhea and the excessive
      solute load secondary to inappropriate preparation of formula. The clinical
      manifestations vary and depend primarily on the degree of dehydration and the
      rate at which the hyperosmolar state has been reached. The management of the
      patient will, of course, depend upon the mechanism of hypernatremia and degree of
      dehydration and/or hypovolemia that is present. It seems clear that the exact
      nature of the rehydrating solution is not of major importance. The volume is of
      great concern but most vital seems to be the rate of rehydration. If rehydration
      is accomplished too rapidly the child becomes edematous, develops increased
      intracranial pressure, stupor, and convulsions. If fluids are given slowly and at
      a well regulated rate, these complications can usually be avoided. The patient
      should be monitored regularly with electrolytes, careful determination of
      weights, and records of intake and output. The rate of rehydration should be
      monitored to assure that the planned schedule of 24 to 72 hours (depending on the
      severity of the problem) is followed. Approximately 10 to 15 per cent of children
      with serum sodium of 160 mEq per liter or greater will have permanent
      neurological deficits.

PMID- 958748
TI  - Neurological and muscular aspects of thyroid dysfunction in childhood.

PMID- 958749
TI  - Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in newborn infants.
AB  - In order to test the role of diffusing capacity in determining the arterial
      oxygen tension of newborn infants, pulmonary diffusing capacity for
      carbonmonoxide (DLCO) was measured in 21 healthy infants ranging in weight from
      765 to 4,720 g. DLCO infants without respiratory distress correlated well with
      lung volume (r=0.76, P less than 0.001). A smaller correlation (r = 0.39, P less
      than 0.01) was obtained between DLCO and arterial oxygen tension. DLCO per unit
      volume of lung is similar when healthy premature infants, full term infants, and
      normal adults are compared. The wide range of normal values obtained in resting
      infants and the lack of correlation with arterial oxygen tensions are similar to
      observations made in adults.

PMID- 958750
TI  - Skin reflectance in the newborn infant.
AB  - Skin reflectance in red, green, and blue light was measured at the sternum of 99
      Caucasian infants ranging in gestational age from 26 to 44 weeks. Skin
      reflectance was consistently higher in female infants, but this difference was
      not statistically significant. Highly significant (P less than 0.001) increases
      in reflectance at all wave lengths were found when sternal reflectance during the
      first 48 hr of life was related to gestational age. The dispersion of data points
      about the regression line does not permit this method to be relied upon as the
      sole means of determining gestational age of infants. Serial studies indicate
      that reflectance increases in premature infants not given phototherapy, whereas
      premature infants receiving phototherapy show a fall in reflectance for the
      duration of therapy. This suggests that phototherapy may cause tanning of the
      skin.

PMID- 958751
TI  - The effect of promethazine hydrochloride on bilirubin metabolism in the rat.
AB  - The effect of 21 days of promethazine-HC1 administration on hepatic bilirubin
      metabolism and transport was studied in adult rats. A significant increase in
      mean cumulative hepatic bilirubin uptake (84.5 +/- 7.6 (SE) mug/100 g/min in
      controls vs. 110.0 +/- 4.3 in treated rats), mean hepatic glucuronide conjugation
      (1,330 +/- 86 (SE) mug bilirubin conjugated/g liver/40 min in controls vs. 1.713
      +/- 61 in treated rats), and mean maximal hepatic excretion (47.2 +/- 4.9 (SE)
      mug/100 g/min vs. 63.5 +/- 2.7) was observed in treated animals. Mean total liver
      weight and total hepatic protein also increased significantly. These observations
      suggest that promethazine is an inducer of protein and enzyme synthesis in rat
      liver and is capable of significantly stimulating the three major steps in
      hepatic disposal of bilirubin.

PMID- 958752
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on erythroblasts from avian fetal liver: adenosine triphosphate
      levels and hemoglobin synthesis.
AB  - A system for the isolation and functional evaluation of fetal liver erythroblasts
      is described. Isolated erythroblasts were prepared from 14-day embryonic avian
      livers and incubated at various oxygen tension (0, 5, 12, and 95%). The
      concentration of ATP in erythroblasts remained constant for at least 4 hr at
      37degree, but was rapidly reduced by incubation in nitrogen. Protein synthesis as
      measured by L-[14C]leucine incorporation into cell protein occurred at a linear
      rate in 5%, 12%, and 95% oxygen, whereas little protein synthesis occurred at 0%
      oxygen. The effect of hypoxia on the type of hemoglobin synthesized was studied
      in this system by isolating the hemoglobin A, hemoglobin D, and hemoglobin H
      fractions and determining the incorporation of L-[14C]leucine. The major
      fraction, hemoglobin A, contained most of the radioactivity; smaller amounts were
      present in hemoglobin D and hemoglobin H, respectively. The relative proportion
      of each hemoglobin synthesized was not altered by oxygen from 5% to 95%. These
      results argue against a direct effect of oxygen on the type of hemoglobin
      synthesized at this stage of development.

PMID- 958753
TI  - Action of growth hormone on erythropoiesis: changes in red blood cell enzyme
      activities in growth-retarded patients with and without growth hormone
      deficiency.
AB  - Fifteen red cell enzyme activities of growth-retarded patients with and without
      growth hormone (GH) deficiency were investigated before and after GH
      administration. The 15 enzymes were Hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose
      phosphate, isomerase, phosphofructokinase, fructose diphosphate aldolase,
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphae dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate mutase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase,
      enolase, pyruvate kinase, glycose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconic
      dehydrogenase, glutathione reducase. Sixty-six subjects were studied: 30 normal
      control subjects (group N) and 36 patients (aged 5-23 years) with short stature.
      Complete endocrine evaluation showed 21 (group I) to have GH deficiency (10
      patients with isolated GH deficiency) and 15 (group II) to have normal
      hypothalamic and pituitary function except for two patients with a moderate
      hypothyroidism. Both had been receiving thyroid hormone treatment for a long time
      before our studies. All 36 patients were treated with 2 mg human growth hormone
      intramuscularly for 7 days. Before GH treatment no significant difference was
      observed between hematologic data in group I (GH deficiency) and group II (no GH
      deficiency). After GH therapy there was a significant increase in reticulocyte
      count in both groups of patients with short stature. The mean pretreatment value
      in group I was 1.294% +/- 0.084 (SEM); the mean post-treatment value was 2.081%
      +/- 0.287 (SEM)< P less than 0.005. The mean pretreatment value in group II was
      1.0% 0.184 (SEM); the mean post-treatment value was 1.407% +/- 0.193 (SEM), P
      less than 0.01. In group II (no GH deficiency) mean pretreatment erythrocyte
      enzyme activities were not significantly different from those activities observed
      in normal control subjects (group N). However, in patients who lacked GH, the
      pretreatment activities of five red cell enzymes (glucose phosphate isomerase,
      triosephosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate mutase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase) were significantly
      decreased before GH administration compared with the values in normal control
      subjects...

PMID- 958754
TI  - Nutritionally small-for-dates rats: their subsequent growth, regional brain 5
      hydroxytryptamine turnover, and behavior.
AB  - Rats were subjected to nutritional growth retardation either from conception to 5
      postnatal days of age (fetal and neonatal restriction (FNR) group), or from 5 to
      25 postnatal days of age (infantile restriction (IR) group). The FNR group may
      serve as a model for the human small-for-dates baby. At 20 weeks of age
      cerebellum, midbrain, and cerebrum were significantly reduced in weight by 4%,
      5%, and 4%, respectively, in FNR animals when compared with controls. Only
      cerebellum and midbrain were affected in IR rats of the same age, but in both
      regions the percentage deficits (8% and 9%, respectively) were greater than in
      FNR animals. Both cerebellum and midbrain weighed significantly less in IR than
      in FNR rats. The timing of nutritional growth retardation appeared to be of
      little consequence to the regional brain turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine in
      adulthood. The rate of synthesis in the hippocampus of both FNR and IR animals
      was significantly faster (67% and 75% respectively) than in controls. The
      increased turnover could perhaps represent "overactivity" of those 5
      hydroxytryptaminergic neurons terminating in the hippocampus. Some differences in
      the behavior of the previously undernourished adult animals were also evident. On
      the fifth day of testing, control rats were most venturesome in the open field.
      Eighteen control rats left the edge zone within 2 min, whereas only 8 FNR and 11
      IR rats did so. Most animals froze immediately after a 7-sex exposure to a loud
      electric bell. The delay before moving about again differentiated the three
      groups. FNR rats took longest to move out of the area in which they froze.

PMID- 958756
TI  - Commentaries: Life-style change--a difficult challenge.

PMID- 958755
TI  - Commentaries: A first priority--childhood automobile safety.

PMID- 958757
TI  - Pediatric automotive restraints, pediatricians, and the academy.
AB  - Over 70% of the 192 Southern California Academy pediatricians responding to a
      survey teach parents about pediatric automotive safety devices but less than 3%
      do so on every visit. To test two methods of increasing the frequency of
      teaching, these pediatricians were randomly assigned to either a mailing from the
      Academy's local chapter (mail group) or a brief presentation by a local
      pharmaceutical representative at his regular visit (interview group); a follow-up
      was conducted one month later by mail. Sixty-one percent of the mail group and
      49% of the interview group claimed that their teaching on this subject had
      increased since the original contact. While this difference did not reach
      statistical significance, it was in the same direction as the preferences for
      sources of pediatric information expressed by both groups of pediatricians. A
      special letter from the Academy was ranked most effective and a visit from the
      pharmaceutical representative was judged least effective. Because of the
      magnitude of the problem, availability of a solution, proof that pediatricians
      can influence health behavior related to children and acknowledgment of the
      Academy's role in pediatric education, an appeal is made for an all-out campaign
      by the Academy and its members to promote use of appropriate pediatric automotive
      safety devices.

PMID- 958758
TI  - Car safety for infants: effectiveness of prenatal counseling.
AB  - In a pediatric office setting, car safety counseling was provided to 16
      primigravida women during a prenatal pediatric interview. A control group of 19
      women received no counseling during a similar interview. Forty-two percent of
      noncounseled mothers and 69% of counseled mothers were using a safe infant
      restraint system at the six-week well-child visit. Preventive counseling in car
      safety is an important role for the pediatrician.

PMID- 958759
TI  - A ten-year assessment of methicillin-associated side effects.
AB  - The exact incidence and importance of side effects associated with methicillin
      therapy in children is unknown. During the ten-year period from 1964 to 1974
      approximately 3,000 Houston children who received methicillin were observed for
      side effects. The great majority of these patients received the drug for less
      than ten days; however, side effects were more common in patients receiving long
      term therapy. In order to assess these side effects, experiences with 124
      children who received methicillin for ten days or longer were reviewed in depth.
      The average dose of methicillin was 200 mg/kg/day and the average duration was 22
      days. In this highly selected group there were no adverse side effects in 54.8%
      and only eosinophilia in an additional 13%. Leukopenia occurred in 16%,
      microscopic hematuria in 8%, gross hematuria in 4%, skin rash in 6%, and "drug
      fever" in 6%. In many instances several of these side effects occurred within a
      single patient so that the total number of patients with definite side effects
      was 39 of 124 (31.5%). The true incidence figure of overall side effects is much
      lower than 31.5%. Corrected incidence rates based on a conservative figure of 
      3,000 methicillin-treated children are less than 1.5% for all side effects. In
      some patients the mechanism producing the adverse reactions seemed to be chemical
      irritation or toxicity and in others hypersensitivity. In nine of the 39 patients
      follow-up studies were not optimal. In the other 30 patients all side effects
      were reversible.

PMID- 958760
TI  - Treatment of apnea of prematurity with aminophylline.
AB  - The effectiveness of aminophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity was
      evaluated in 13 premature infants (mean birthweight, 1.13 kg; mean gestational
      age, 29 weeks). Apnea was recorded by direct observation in combination with
      impedance monitoring. Rectal suppositories of aminophylline (5 mg) were given at
      six-hour intervals. The average dose was 4.1 mg/kg. No toxicity or complications
      were noted. The parents became free of apneic episodes during therapy. The
      response for each eight-hour interval of treatment over 72 hours when compared to
      pretreatment was significant (P less than .01; paired t-test), after the first
      eight hours. Only one patient required mechanical ventilation for apnea.
      Treatment was continued for 2 to 14 days (mean, 5 days). A recurrence of apnea
      was noted in nine patients after discontinuing aminophylline. All patients except
      one survived. No change in Po2, Pco2, pH, mean heart and respiratory rates, and
      blood pressure was noted. A direct effect on the respiratory center is
      postulated.

PMID- 958761
TI  - An influenza B epidemic among children in day-care.
AB  - An outbreak of influenza virus type B infections occurred in the Frank Porter
      Graham Day Care Center from February to April, 1974. During the epidemic there
      were 27 isolations of influenza B virus from 20 children. One half of these were
      obtained from children who were well at the time of culturing. Attack rates as
      determined by virus isolation and seroconversion for most age groups approximated
      the 40% rate for the entire population. Clinical and microbiological data from
      this study were compared to those obtained in the center during the same three
      months in 1973. Increases in the incidence of otitis media and temperatures over
      38 C were seen during the 1974 study. Intensive continuous microbiological
      surveillance for bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasmas failed to reveal predominance
      of any other potential pathogen to account for these clinical findings. The
      analysis permitted by the nature of this study design in a day-care setting
      revealed several unexpected findings: high attack rates unrelated to age; common
      inapparent infections; and frequent association with otitis media.

PMID- 958762
TI  - A sequential study of various modes of skin and umbilical care and the incidence
      of staphylococcal colonization and infection in the neonate.
AB  - The rates of colonization and infection of newborns with coagulase-positive
      staphylococci were studied during five sequential periods using various modes of
      skin care in the nursery. Colonization and infection were low during the baseline
      period when total body bathing with 3% hexachlorophene was employed (period 1),
      but increased dramatically (80% colonization, 9.5% infection) when
      hexachlorophene was discontinued and replaced by Ivory Soap baths (period 2).
      Reinstitution of hexachlorophene (period 3) reduced both colonization and
      infection, but not to the low levels seen during period 1. A second Ivory Soap
      period (period 4) resulted in a return to high colonization (77%) and infection
      (11.5%) rates. During period 5, daily Ivory Soap baths were continued and
      bacitracin ointment was applied to the umbilical area at least three times daily.
      Colonization was reduced to 10% and infection to 3.0%. Bacitracin could not be
      detected in serum in 15 infants studied. Colonization with gram-negative enteric
      bacilli was highest while using hexachlorophene or Ivory-bacitracin, but no
      increase in gram-negative infections was seen. Colonization of newborns with non
      group A beta-hemolytic streptococci was not influenced predictably with various
      modes of skin care. The local application of bacitracin is a safe and effective
      method of controlling staphylococcal colonization and disease for infants in
      nurseries.

PMID- 958763
TI  - Management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children: a reevaluation of
      postural drainage and bronchoscopy.
AB  - The efficacy of the inhalation-postural drainage technique for removal of
      aspirated foreign bodies was compared with that of bronchoscopy in 76 children.
      Twelve of 49 children on postural drainage coughed out the foreign body (25%);
      the other 37 required bronchoscopy. The foreign body was successfully removed in
      56 of 63 children who were bronchoscoped (89%). Our experience suggests that a
      trial of inhalation-postural drainage, administered in a hospital, may be
      valuable in the initial management of aspirated foreign bodies. If unsuccessful
      after several treatments, however, the technique should be abandoned, and
      bronchoscopy performed. Delay of foreign body removal beyond 24 hours may be
      associated with increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. With recent
      improvements in pediatric endoscopic instruments, the efficacy of bronchoscopy
      exceeds 90%.

PMID- 958764
TI  - Two programs for predicting adult stature for individuals.
AB  - Two computer programs are described which use the new RWT method to predict adult
      stature for individuals. This method, developed and described by Roche et al. is
      the best and most accurate one available to date. The two programs are prepared
      with different aims in different languages. Program 1 is interactive, written in
      BASIC and is aimed for the clinician who needs predictions for just a few
      individuals at a time. Program 2 is written in FORTRAN and is meant for large
      scale batch processing. It is thought that this mode is better for the researcher
      who is more interested in large-scale testing of hypotheses about such things as
      the efficacy of intervention programs in human growth.

PMID- 958765
TI  - Effect of chronic salt and water loading on the tubular defects of a child with
      Fanconi syndrome (cystinosis).
AB  - A male child discovered to have cystinosis and Fanconi syndrome at the age of 2
      years 8 months was hospitalized repeatedly for episodes of hyponatremic,
      hypokalemic dehydration and acidosis. Attempts to correct the fluid and
      electrolyte abnormalities by increasing progressively the supplements of sodium
      chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride resulted only in an
      exacerbation of the symptoms. Tests of discrete renal functions and metabolic
      balance studies disclosed that, although all disturbances were expressions of the
      primary disease, their severity was enhanced considerably by the extracellular
      volume expansion induced by the vigorous therapy. Restriction in water intake
      resulted in an improvement in the renal performance and in the clinical
      condition.

PMID- 958766
TI  - On failing in school.

PMID- 958767
TI  - School failure--evaluation and treatment.

PMID- 958768
TI  - The assessment of the child at school entry.

PMID- 958769
TI  - Evaluation of the child with a learning disorder.

PMID- 958770
TI  - Growth of hyperkinetic children taking methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, or
      imipramine/desipramine.
AB  - One hundred children with the hyperkinetic syndrome or minimal brain dysfunction
      syndrome were treated with medication: 60 with methylphenidate (Ritalin), 24 with
      dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), and 16 with either imipramine or desipramine. The
      duration of treatment was for a minimum of two years, and averaged five years,
      with an average follow-up of six years from the onset of treatment. Their weight
      and height had been measured prior to treatment, and these and subsequent
      measurements were converted to percentiles, using the tables of norms of the Iowa
      City study. Initially there was a diminution in expected weight, but not height,
      but after a few years the growth in weight and height was found to be greater
      than predicted from the norms to a statistically significant degree. Gains in
      weight and height were greater for those whose medication had been stopped prior
      to the final measurements than for those still taking medication; but these
      differences did not reach statistical significance. No correlations were found
      between dosage level and changes in weight and height percentiles. It is
      concluded that there is no stunting of growth from the long-term use of
      methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, or imipramine/desipramine in children. Any
      slowing of growth when treatment is first started is compensated for later on,
      both while the patient is still taking the medication, and after discontinuing
      it.

PMID- 958771
TI  - Effect of activated charcoal on acetaminophen absorption.
AB  - Acetaminophen intoxication can cause hepatic, renal, and myocardial necrosis
      which is often fatal. These lesions develop very rapidly, perhaps during the
      first pass of the drug through the liver. In case of acute ingestion of an
      overdose it is therefore essential to employ measures for reducing the absorption
      of acetaminophen. The effect of activated charcoal on acetaminophen absorption by
      normal volunteers was determined as a function of the dose of charcoal, the
      dosage form of acetaminophen, and the charcoal-to-acetaminophen dose ratio. The
      results indicate that activated charcoal can be an effective antidote for acute
      acetaminophen intoxication, if administered promptly and in sufficient quantity.

PMID- 958772
TI  - Childhood hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to dove antigens.
AB  - A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to doves is reported and compared with
      other cases due to dove or pigeon antigens reported in children. The diagnosis is
      substantiated by the presence of precipitating antibody to dove and pigeon serum,
      clinical improvement after contact with the doves was broken, and a positive
      response to inhalation challenge with pigeon serum. The insidious nature of this
      disease is emphasized as well as the importance of having detailed environmental
      information in children with unexplained respiratory disease.

PMID- 958773
TI  - Paraplegia associated with umbilical artery catheterization in the newborn.
AB  - Major complications have followed the use of umbilical artery catheterization in
      the newborn. The procedure is often a vital part of the monitoring of the
      critically ill infant and efforts are therefore made to reduce these risks.
      Recently, we have encountered two newborn infants who developed paraplegia for
      which no definite etiology could be uncovered. However, their management was
      attended by the use of umbilical artery catheters and it is postulated that the
      etiology of paraplegia may have resulted from embolization from these potential
      thrombogenic sources. The blood supply of the spinal cord and the site of
      possible embolization are discussed.

PMID- 958774
TI  - Inferior vena cava obstruction secondary to indwelling venous catheters: two
      cases.

PMID- 958775
TI  - Anterior tibial compartment syndrome in a child: an unusual complication of
      cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 958777
TI  - Letter: Academic mischief.

PMID- 958776
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Radiology. Pediatric nuclear
      medicine.

PMID- 958778
TI  - Letter: Aminophylline, a weak bilirubin displacer.

PMID- 958779
TI  - Letter: Questions on theophylline.

PMID- 958780
TI  - Letter: Temporary aphasia as a complication of Mycoplasma infection.

PMID- 958781
TI  - Letter: Are you seeing enlarged breasts in infants?

PMID- 958782
TI  - Letter: Intralipid and cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 958783
TI  - Letter: Air lead and blood lead levels in children.

PMID- 958784
TI  - Letter: A question on informed consent and measles vaccine.

PMID- 958785
TI  - Letter: Infant feeding and SIDS.

PMID- 958786
TI  - [Congenital generalized fibromatosis. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 958787
TI  - [Serum IgE levels in atopic eczema in children].

PMID- 958788
TI  - [Functional exploration of peak expiratory rate in normal and asthmatic children.
      Apropos of 418 measurements].

PMID- 958789
TI  - [Lymphohistiocytosis. Apropos of a recent case with hematophagia].

PMID- 958790
TI  - [Case of defibrination syndrome in an infant presenting with hereditary
      intolerance to fructose].

PMID- 958791
TI  - [Pericarditis caused by a swallowed safety pin in an infant. Review of the
      literature].

PMID- 958792
TI  - [Meckel's syndrome].

PMID- 958793
TI  - [Study of hypothalamo-hypophyso-cortico-adrenal activity in infant malnutrition
      by determination of lysine-8 vasopressin].

PMID- 958794
TI  - [Leydig cell testicular adenoma in children. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 958795
TI  - [2-headed monsters. Apropos of a recent case].

PMID- 958796
TI  - [Value of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in the etiologic diagnosis of
      childhood asthma].

PMID- 958797
TI  - [Dermatoglyphic study: a useful sign for the diagnosis of cerebral gigantism.
      Apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 958798
TI  - [Congenital myotonia or Thomsen's disease in children. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 958799
TI  - [Hypoplasia of the aortic isthmus and interventricular communication. Value of
      pulmonary artery banding in infants. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 958800
TI  - [Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. A recent familial case].

PMID- 958801
TI  - Determinants of personal space in young children: perception of distance cues.
AB  - Two methods of assessing personal space in young children were examined in a
      group of 24 boys and 24 girls, aged 3 to 6 yr. When sex of peer figures and
      affect attributed to them were varied, 3-yr.-olds made distance-cue judgements
      based on affect but failed to use affect cues in structuring personal space.
      However, 4- to 6-yr.-olds readily perceived and used distance to communicate the
      affective quality of peer relations. On both measures, perception of distance
      cues increased with age. Only girls also used sex of figures as a social cue in
      depicting appropriate distances.

PMID- 958802
TI  - Are two hands better than one? assessing information acquired from one- and two
      handed haptic exploration of random forms.
AB  - 15 male undergraduates were presented with 10-sided random forms which they
      explored visually, or one-handed haptically, or two-handed haptically. Forms were
      exposed for various durations and subjects were required to draw each form
      immediately after its removal. The results indicated that 30 sec. of one-handed
      exploration and 20 and 30 sec. of two-handed exploration produced performance
      comparable to just 2 sec. of visual exploration. Two-handed exploration was
      significantly superior to one-handed exploration only at the 20-sec. exposure
      duration. These results illustrate the disparity in the information-gathering
      capabilities between the visual and haptic systems.

PMID- 958803
TI  - Effect of stress on field dependence.
AB  - 60 subjects were tested in the rod-and-frame test under flicker conditions
      (stress). As compared to scores in a control situation (no flicker), the rod-and
      frame scores were large under stress and increased monotonically during the
      session. Futhermore, both intra- and interindividual variability of rod-and-frame
      performance changed under stress conditions in a consistent manner. The general
      results, which clearly point to a reliable influence of stress on field
      dependency, are discussed within the methodological framework of Witkin's theory
      of perception and personality.

PMID- 958804
TI  - Aftereffects of short-term monocular deprivation on critical flicker frequency of
      the non-occluded eye.
AB  - Ten subjects were monocularly deprived for a period of 6 hr. The CFF of the non
      occluded eye was determined just before deprivation, at 3 and 6 hr. of
      deprivation and at 1, 3, 5, and 18 hr. following restoration of binocular vision.
      Results indicated a large depression in CFF at 6 hr. of deprivation followed by a
      gradual return to baseline that was virtually complete 18 hr. afterr binocular
      vision was restored. The results were discussed in terms of previous research and
      theory.

PMID- 958805
TI  - Boredom and arousal: comparison of tasks differing in visual complexity.
AB  - This experiment was designed to examine the relationship of boredom to arousal.
      32 male subjects participated, with 16 subjects performing a low-visual
      complexity task and the remainder performing a task high in visual complexity.
      Both physiological and subjective measures were obtained. Responses to subjective
      questionnaires showed significant increases in boredom for both groups.
      Physiological measures indicated a mixed pattern of change. These results suggest
      a complex response pattern for the construct of boredom which cannot be described
      as clearly showing either increasing or decreasing arousal.

PMID- 958806
TI  - Variation of reinforcement in performance of a motor skill.
AB  - A simple experimental procedure administered by parents was used to study  the
      effects of variation of reinforcement on performance of a motor skill by a 7-yr.
      old retarded male. Owing to hemiplegia this subject has a very restricted range
      of movement in his left hand. The task required him to use his left hand to place
      wooden cubes within squares drawn on a paper sheet. Factors varied were type of
      reinforcer (3 consumables), schedule (continuous, fixed ratio and variable
      ratio), and frequency of reinforcement. Administration of variable ratio delivery
      was proceived as an enjoyable game by the subject who produced his best
      performances under this condition. Functional analyses (mini-experiments) should
      include type of reinforcer and form of delivery.

PMID- 958807
TI  - Information seeking vs information utilization in children's induction from
      incomplete pictures.
AB  - By removing small squares which completely covered simple silhouette pictures, 4
      ,6-,8-, and 10-yr.-old children gradually exposed information until they were
      able to induce, or identify, the whole picture. This method allowed
      differentiation between the development of information-seeking behavior (accuracy
      of removing only those squares which exposed the silhouette) and utilization of
      information (accuracy of identifying partially exposed silhouettes). Results
      indicated a monotonic development in information seeking but a plateau between
      ages 6 and 8 yr. in utilization of information.

PMID- 958808
TI  - Color preference in the gibbon.
AB  - Color preference was tested by showing 6 colored objects to one adult gibbon. The
      subject demonstrated both color and position preferences on a modified Wisconsin
      General Test Apparatus. The blue object and, during some conditions, responses to
      the subject's right were most preferred.

PMID- 958809
TI  - Distribution of practice effects on learning retention and relearning by retarded
      boys.
AB  - The stabilometer task was used to study the difference between massed practice
      and distributed practice on initial acquisition, retention, and relearning of a
      gross motor skill by mentally retarded boys. 72 subjects were randomly assigned
      to either one massed practice group or one of three distributed practice groups
      with varying interrial rest intervals. All subjects were retested for retention
      and relearning after 8 wk. of no practice. The results indicated that distributed
      practice was superior to massed practice for initial skill acquisition. Retention
      was superior, favoring the group given distributed practice, but no significant
      differences were found between groups for relearning, indicating that the
      advantage of distributed practice may be temporary and that it is a performance
      rather than a learning factor.

PMID- 958810
TI  - Test of the incidental-cues hypothesis.
AB  - Five groups of adult Ss were submitted to free-recall learning of 24 objects
      presented as written nouns for the control group and as pictures for experimental
      groups, as follows: schematic black and white, schematic colored, detailed black
      and white, and detailed colored drawings. Pictures were better recalled than
      nouns. Recall was significantly inferior for schematic black and white than for
      detailed colored drawings, with schematic colored and detailed black and white
      drawings at an intermediate level. These results support the so-called incidental
      cues hypothesis according to which the best recall of pictures in comparison with
      that of nouns is partially the result of pictures having more distinctive cues
      likely to be encoded than do verbal items.

PMID- 958811
TI  - Relationship between a behavioral and several psychometric measures of test
      anxiety.
AB  - Behavioral time-sampling was compared with various paper-and-pencil, self-report
      measures of test anxiety in an examination of the utility of the behavioral
      measure as an in situo index of test anxiety. The behavioral measure was
      significantly and positively correlated 0.45 with a paper-and pencil, self-report
      measure of "facilitative" test anxiety but not with measures of "debilitative"
      test anxiety (r = -0.15) or general anxiety (r = -0.33) for 12 males and 21
      female undergraduates.

PMID- 958812
TI  - Frequency of eidetic imagery among hydrocephalic children.
AB  - A sample of 75 mentally retarded children, including 14 with arrested
      hydrocephalus, 39 with other diagnoses of brain damage, and 22 familial cases,
      was tested for eidetic imagery, in order to clarify the relationship between
      eidetric imagery and neuropathology. The hypotheses tested were that the
      frequency of eidetic imagery is higher among hydrocephalics than among other
      brain-damaged children and higher among hydrocephalics than among familials. The
      data confirmed the hypotheses and are interpreted as supporting a theory in which
      particular structural impairments in the visual system may delay neural
      development and result in a persistance of eidetic imagery.

PMID- 958813
TI  - A signal-detection determination of the two-point supraliminal difference limen
      on three different body areas.
AB  - This investigation was designed to determine the relationship between the tactual
      two-point threshold and the two-point supraliminal difference limen. The yes/no
      method was employed and three localities were tested. The results confirmed the
      hypothesis that as the initial two-point threshold increases, the two-point
      supraliminal difference limen also increases. No significant differences were
      obtained between the right and the left sides of each body area tested and only
      on the hand was a reliable difference obtained between the first 9 and second 9
      sessions. This difference was interpreted in terms of a peripheral fatigue
      phenomenon.

PMID- 958814
TI  - On attributing fictitious cardiac responses.

PMID- 958815
TI  - Effects of practice and positional variables in acquisition of a complex
      psychomotor skill.
AB  - 40 Navy subjects practiced a three-dimensional tracking task in two positions
      (the apparatus either in front of,, or above, the subject) under distributed and
      massed practice schedules to determine the effects of these variables on
      acquisition of skill. Distributed and massed practice were defined in terms of
      trial (4 1/2 and 9 min.) and session (1 and 2 hr.) lengths with the subjects
      equally divided into these four groups: distributed trials, distributed sessions;
      distributed trials, massed sessions; massed trials, distributed sessions; and
      massed trials, massed sessions. Total training (practice and rest) time was
      identical for all groups. Results indicated that task position was a relevant
      variable in acquisition of skill, i.e. different practice schedules were optimal
      for the two positions studied.

PMID- 958816
TI  - Visual observing by rhesus monkeys: influence of potentially threatening stimuli.
AB  - 7 rhesus monkeys were afforded the opportunity to observe a series of projected
      color slides of other monkeys exhibiting five content categories of social
      communicative behavior (submission, intense threat, mild threat, grooming, and
      neutral behavior) combined with two levels of familiarity (familiar vs
      unfamiliar) with reference to the animals depicted in the slides. Mean duration
      of observing was significantly influenced by the social-communicative content
      categories, while mean frequency of observing was significantly affected by the
      familiarity dimension. The data were discussed in terms of the threat potential
      or fear-arousing capacity of social stimuli in relation to visual obsrving.

PMID- 958817
TI  - Autonomy of imagery and production of original verbal images.
AB  - 90 college students (31 men and 59 women) were categorized as moderately
      autonomous, less autonomous (less highly controlled) and non-autonomous (high
      controlled) imagers according to the Gordon Test of Visual Imagery Control
      Moderately autonomous imagers produced significantly more original verbal images
      than less autonomous and non-autonomous imagers with less autonomous imagers
      scoring higher than non-autonomous imagers as measured by Onomatopoeia and
      Images. There were no significant sex main effects of interaction of autonomy of
      imagery level X sex.

PMID- 958818
TI  - Personal space, body image and leadership: an exploratory study.
AB  - Personal space and boundary scores of black female leaders and non-leaders were
      compared (N = 26). Results showed that personal space scores distinguished the
      groups, while boundary indices did not.

PMID- 958819
TI  - Performance of student nurses on the IES Test: patterns of impulse, ego, and
      superego functioning.

PMID- 958820
TI  - Lateral onset asynchrony in left-handers.
AB  - Study of matching judgment was designed to demonstrate an effect of lateral onset
      asynchrony in left-handed subjects, 7 males and 8 females. Japanese Hirakana
      letters or random forms were presented to one visual field first and to the other
      visual field second. 15 left-handers were requested to judge whether the
      successively presented stimuli were "same" or "different." The results showed
      that for both types of stimuli there are no differences in accuracy of matching
      judgement whether the standard stimulus was presented to the right visual field
      first or to the left. These results indicate that the left-handed subjects may
      have a tendency toward hemispheric equi-potentiality for recognition of both
      verbal and non-verbal materials.

PMID- 958821
TI  - Test-retest reliability and interrelation among three locus of control measures
      for children.
AB  - Test-retest reliability was obtained for the Bialer Scale for Children, the
      Stranford Preschool I-E Scale and a TAT Locus of Control measure. Correlations
      between measures ranged from .06 to .26. Based on a lack of correlation between
      measures, high test-retest reliability for the Bialer, a grade effect on Bialer,
      and the results of previous studies, the Bialer was viewed as an adequate measure
      of locus of control for children.

PMID- 958822
TI  - Vibrotactile and temperature sensory interaction in the human tongue.
AB  - Lingual vibrotactile thresholds were used to demonstrate an interaction between
      the lingual senses of vibrotaction and temperture. Thresholds were obtained on 10
      Ss from the anterior midline of the lingual dorsum at a frequency of 250 Hz. Five
      temperature conditions were tested ranging in 10 degrees C steps from 17 degrees
      C to 57 degrees C. Thresholds were obtained before and after the introduction of
      the temperature stimuli. Comparison of mean pre- and post-experimental thresholds
      demonstrated that temperature is a determining factor in lingual vibrotactile
      threshold values. The data indicated that systematic variation from normal body
      temperature resulted in corresponding decreases in lingual vibrotactile
      sensitivity. Diagnostic and clinical implications of this interaction were
      discussed.

PMID- 958823
TI  - Efficacy of the Visual Retention Test as a group-administered instrument for
      young children.
AB  - Group and individual administrations of the Revised Visual Retention Test to 84
      primary-grade children, matched on chronological age and IQ, were demonstrated to
      be comparable. Form C of the test was used for memory and copy administrations,
      together with a multiple-choice version. No significant difference was obtained
      between treatments on memory, copy, or multiple-choice. The group testing
      procedure appears to provide a valid technique for screening intact classroms for
      visual perception, memory, and constructive deficits. Further research with the
      various forms and administrations is suggested to determine the educational
      correlates of performance.

PMID- 958824
TI  - Age, sex, and delay time as factors affecting reaction to delayed auditory
      feedback.
AB  - Five groups of 10 males and 10 females each, aged 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 yr.,
      recited a nursery rhyme under normal delay and 113, 226, 306-m 403-, and 520
      msec, delayed auditory-feedback conditions. Speaking rate and disfluency count
      changes from normal delay to each delayed auditory feedback condition were
      calculated as indicators of reaction to delayed auditory feedback. Analyses of
      variance and post hoc comparisons indicated that 5-yr.-olds reacted with greater
      change in rate at 520-msec. delayed auditory feedback than did older subjects.
      Five- and 7-yr.-olds were more disfluent at 413-and 520-msec. delayed auditory
      feedback than were older subjects. Sex differences were found in the 7-, 11-, and
      13-yr.-old groups, using speaking rate as a measure of delayed auditory-feedback
      reaction. No significant sex differences were noted when disfluencies were used
      as indicators of delayed auditory-feedback reaction.

PMID- 958825
TI  - Body perception upon awakening.
AB  - 12 male subjects were evaluated with a battery of body perception measures before
      sleep and just after awakening. Personality measures were also obtained. The
      results indicated a borderline, but not significant, trend at the time of
      awakening for the body boundary to be reduced in definiteness; and there were
      sensations that one's body is more dirty, that its openings are more blocked, and
      that its size is of less expansive proportions. There were also trends for the
      traits of stability and reflectiveness to predict bodily experiences upon
      awakening.

PMID- 958826
TI  - Shape constancy as a function of selected physical stimulus dimensions.
AB  - By a random method the right half of a figure was constructed; then a mirror
      image was drawn on the left side to produce a perfectly symmetrical figure. This
      basic figure was manipulated in such a way as to produce five figures (instances)
      each on the four physical dimensions of symmetry, number of points, ratio of
      curved to angled turns, and extension. The hypothesis that the instances of the
      physical dimensions would be related to degree of shape constancy in an ordinal
      manner was not supported in any simple way. However there was enough evidence to
      warrent further investigation. The dimension of extension was selected. Three new
      stimulus forms were constructed in a manner commensurate with Exp. I, and varied
      over the dimension of extension. The functions from instance to instance of the
      three random figures were not significantly similar. However, the homegeneity of
      mean Brunswik ratios, and individual responses decreased with increased
      extension; also, values of the ratio closer to 1.00 were generated with increased
      extension. This suggests that the interaction effects of particular figure and
      location on the dimension of extension may be of fundamental importance.

PMID- 958827
TI  - Heart-rate effects on human reaction time.
AB  - Intra-subject rs between auditory RT and heart rate for 100 males (Mage = 55 yr.)
      showed RT to be independent of heart rate determined from single bears. rs were
      of negligible magnitude though more than a chance number were significant.

PMID- 958828
TI  - An apparatus for indirect measurement of perceived distance.
AB  - Two methods of measuring perceived distance are contrasted. One of these, called
      a direct method, accepts the observer's direct response to perceived distance as
      a valid measure of the distance perceived. The other, called an indirect measure,
      uses the observer's direct response to a perception that is not perceived
      distance but which has a known relation to perceived distance in order to
      calculate the distance perceived. There are indications that the direct measure
      of perceived distance provided by the verbal report sometimes will be modified by
      cognitive factors. A procedure and apparatus for an indirect measure is suggested
      which is likely to be free of the cognitive effects found in verbal reports of
      distance. This apparatus adjusts the distance around which the line-of-sight to
      the object pivots as the head is moved laterally. The pivot distance at which no
      apparent motion of the object occurs with head motion is a measure of the
      perceived distance of the object.

PMID- 958829
TI  - Necker cube reversal: sensory or psychological satiation?
AB  - 24 students, 5 male and 19 female, were used in a repeated-measures factorial
      design to test two theories of Necker cube reversal. It was hypothesized that
      cubes with complete contours and high figure-ground contrast would reverse at
      faster rates than cubes with incomplete contours and low contrast if a sensory
      satiation theory (Kohler & Wallach, 1944) is valid, but at the same rate if the
      satiation of an orientation theory (Orbach, Ehrlich, & Health, 1963) is correct.
      High contrast was achieved with black contours on white grounds and vice versa,
      low contrast with gray contours on black and white grounds. Cubes with complete
      contours, and stimuli in which only the eight corners of the cube were visible
      through 18-mm holes superimposed upon the complete cube, provided the contour
      variable. The results showed a higher reversal rate for cubes with complete
      contours but no contrast effect. The results were interpreted as supporting a
      sensory satiation theory.

PMID- 958830
TI  - Transcendental Meditation and fine perceptual-motor skill.
AB  - 30 college male meditators had a 20-min. meditation followed by a 6-min. waking
      phase prior to 5-min. continuous practice on the pursuit rotor task. This was
      followed by a 4-min. rest then a further 2-min. of pursuit rotor practice. A
      similar group of college males who were non-meditators (N = 30) followed the same
      procedures except that instead of meditating they sat quietly for the initial 20
      min. period. The expectations that Transcendental Meditation would (a) facilitate
      learning and performance; (b) cause less within-subject variability; and (C)
      cause less reactive inhibition, (c) cause less reactive inhinition, were not
      upheld by the results. With the exception of performance, which was significantly
      lower for the meditators, the two groups were no different. Thus, it appears that
      certain reported physiological and psychological benefits that are attributed to
      the practice of Transcendental Meditation (such as less anxiety, greater
      consistency, more awareness, altertness, and attention) are not manifested in the
      present behavioral test of perceptural-motor function. In fact, in terms of
      performance, the meditators seemed to be at a disadvantage.

PMID- 958831
TI  - Amount of verbal information and ear-differences in 5- and 6-year old boys and
      girls.
AB  - Tow experiments were performed. The first was to determine the effects of varying
      the amount of information in verbal instructions presented monaurally on
      differences between ears and sex in 5-yr.-old boys and girls. Verbal instructions
      were given for the performance of a visual-motor task. The results indicated that
      the amount of verbal information affects ear-asymmetry in girls and not boys. The
      second experiment was performed to determine the effects of varying the amount of
      verbal information in verbal instructions presented monaurally on differences
      between ears, sexes, and reading ability of 6-yr.-old boys and girls. The
      findings indicated that above average readers performed better than below average
      readers. Ear-asymmetry was observed across sex and reading abilities for
      sentences containing 7 and 8 stimulus attributes. No ear-asymmetry was observed
      in sentences containg 9 stimulus attributes. The results appear to support the
      progressive lateralization hypothesis which states that ear-asymmetry is
      dependent on task conditions. The results also support sex differences in the
      development of brain lateralization.

PMID- 958832
TI  - Visual serial search across number and letter sets.
AB  - To discover whether visual serial search time for numbers differed significantly
      from time for letters, a repeated-measurements design was used with 24
      undergraduate women. Performance on number targets 0 to 9 was significantly moe
      rapid than performance on the letter targets A to J, I to R, or Q to Z. By
      controlling confounding effects due to redundancy, the possibility that the
      outcomes might be related to the balance of linear and curvi-linear target
      features was strengthened.

PMID- 958833
TI  - Effects of postinatal stress on visual and auditory evoked potentials.
AB  - Maturation of visual and auditory evoked potentials (mainly the P3 wave) of 10
      controls and of 10 infants exposed to recurrent postnatal stressful events
      (crying spells lacking organic basis) have been compared. The sourse of
      maturation of P3 waves may serve as indicator of growth and nature of cognitive
      processes (including perception). Recurrent srying spells seemed to delay
      appearance of visual P3 wave, prolonged its latency, and delayed appearance of
      visible differences in the shape of visual P3 wave upon exposure of the subjects
      to different visual experiences. A compensatory increase of maturation of the
      auditory P3 wave appeared. The results suggest that recurrent exposure to
      stressful events during the early postnatal period may delay the ability of the
      memory banks of auditory engrams with unusual contents (including memory traces
      of stresses), a potential basis for future auditory hallucinations.

PMID- 958834
TI  - Music preference as a factor of music distraction.
AB  - The present study is an experimental analysis of music preference as a factor of
      music distraction measured by the Stroop tests. Significant differences were
      found amoung groups given, most preferred music, least preferred music, and no
      music (quiet). Each group of 10 subjects were randomly chosen from 42 screened
      subjects. Performance was better without music and better with most preferred
      than with least preferred music. The results were not consistent with those
      previously found for the effects of noise upon Stroop test performance.

PMID- 958835
TI  - The 'golden section': an artifact of stimulus range and demand characteristics.
AB  - Rectangles haveing different ratios between the lengths of their sides were
      presented in three different ranges: with the golden section either (a) the next
      to most elongated rectangle, (b) the middle rectangle, or (c) the next to
      shortest rectangle. Each of 90 subjects had to pick the rectangles they liked
      best from all three ranges. This basic procedure was run under three different
      conditions: (a) subjects did not know the stimuli before, (b) subjects knew them
      from a foregoing psychophysical experiment, (c) the same, with reinforcing the
      golden section. The rectangles at both extremes of each range were chosen first
      most often under the first two conditions, whereas the golden section was chosen
      most often under the last condition. The conclusion is that preference for the
      golden section is an artifact of the stimulus range and of the demand
      characteristics of the experimental procedure rather than of any intrinsic
      aesthetic quality.

PMID- 958836
TI  - An audiovisual test of divided attention.
AB  - A description is given of an audiovisual reaction time task, performance of which
      was maximal after 15 min. practice and which lasted at this level for 1 wk.
      Sensitivity of the test was shown in an adverse effect of inhalation of traces of
      anesthetic gases. Comparing responses to auditory and visual stimuli, the control
      auditory reaction times were faster but were lengthened more in the presence of
      anesthetics than were the visual ones. This test may be useful in other studies
      of subtle depressant drug effects.

PMID- 958837
TI  - Influence of pretest waiting time and duration of induction on kinesthetic
      aftereffect.
AB  - The influence of pretest hand-resting time and induction time on kinesthetic
      aftereffect was determined for 22 males and females. Aftereffect was assessed
      with the apparatus of Koehler and Dinnerstein (1947). Three separate tests of
      aftereffect were administered. Each was preceded by either a 10-, 20-, or 30-min.
      hand-resting period. Significant differences in aftereffect were not found
      between pretest conditions. Scores were also determined for varying induction
      times at each pretest condition. Induction periods totaling 90-, 180-, and 300
      sec. were used. Aftereffect was significantly less pronounced following 90 than
      180 sec. of induction for the 10-and 20-min. pretest conditions but was the same
      following 90, 180, and 300 sec. of induction for the 30-min. condition. Results
      indicated that less than 300 sec. of induction could be used regardless of the
      duration of the pretest period. However, because the internal validity of the 180
      sec. score was significantly better than the 90-sec. score, it was concluded that
      at least 180 sec. of induction were needed.

PMID- 958838
TI  - Respiratory, cardiac and learning changes in exercised muscular dystrophic
      children.

PMID- 958839
TI  - Poggendorff illusion as a function of orientation of transversal and parallel
      lines.
AB  - Adult human subjects (8 male, 8 female undergraduates) with normal vision were
      required to judge various orientations of the Poggendorff illusion. The
      transversal and parallel line-segments of the illusion were manipulated to
      produce the orientations to be judged. Minimum illusion occured when the
      transversal line-segment was oriented 90 degrees with respect to true vertical or
      true horizontal. Magnitude of illusion increased as the transversal line-segment
      deviated from these positions. The findings suggested that there is a stability
      of horizontal and vertical orientations. In addition, the hypothesis that visual
      acuity plays a role in the perception of the Poggendorff illusion was proposed.

PMID- 958840
TI  - Stimulus length and orientation variables interact in peripheral motion
      perception.
AB  - To determine the effects of stimulus length and orientation on the perception of
      motion, 5 experienced subjects responded with a simple reaction to accelerating
      lines in peripheral vision while fixating on a reference cross at the center of a
      cathode-ray tube. Three experimental variables were involved: (a) line length,
      (b) direction of motion, and (c) orientation of the line with respect to the
      motion. Simple reaction time (RT) was significantly longer for vertical than for
      horizontal motion and for lines oriented in-line with the direction of motion
      than for lines oriented perpendicular to the direction of motion. A significant
      interaction was found between line length and orientation. The results show that
      the generalization that RT is shorter for small objects than for large objects
      must be modified in terms of the orientation of the object.

PMID- 958842
TI  - Editorial: Driving us mad.

PMID- 958841
TI  - Music preference as a factor of music distraction.
AB  - The present study is an experimental analysis of music preference as a factor of
      music distraction measured by the Stroop tests. Significant differences were
      found among groups given, most preferred music, least preferred music, and no
      music(quiet). Each group of 10 subjects were randomly chosen from 42 screened
      subjects. Performance was better without music and better with most preferred
      than with least preferred music. The results were not consistent with those
      previously found for the effects of noise upon Stroop test performance.

PMID- 958843
TI  - On interocular transfer of the movement aftereffect in indivuals with and without
      normal binocular vision.
AB  - The duration of the movement aftereffect was measured in twenty-four normally
      binocular subjects and in eighteen subjects who lacked steropsis as a consequence
      of childhood strabismus. Aftereffects were generated monocularly and binocularly,
      and compared to those which occurred after adaption of one eye and testing with
      the other. Normal subjects were categorized on two indices of eye dominance,
      which involved sighting and rivalry tests. The monocular-aftereffect durations
      were slightly longer when the dominant eye was use, and interocular transfer from
      the dominant eye to the nondominant eye was greater than the transfer in the
      reverse direction; however, these differences were not statistically significant.
      The results from the strabismic subjects suggested that they fell into two
      distinct groups: one group (seven of the eighteen subjects) experienced no
      interocular transfer in either direction; the group did yield some interocular
      transfer, and it was generally greater after adaptation of the dominant eye and
      testing the nondominant eye than in the reverse direction. Six of the seven
      subjects who failed to show any transfer still had misalignment of the visual
      axes, but this was not the case in any of the subjects exhibiting transfer.

PMID- 958844
TI  - Letter: Are negligible illusions under appropriate scaling surprising?

PMID- 958845
TI  - Infant's reaction to changes in orientation of figure and frame.
AB  - Five groups of five-month-old infants observed the same horizontal arrangement of
      a three-element stimulus placed in a rectangular frame during a series of
      habituating trials. These trials were followed by either (i) additional exposure
      to the familiarized standard, (ii) a tringular rearrangement of the three
      stimulus elements, (iii) oblique rotation of the three elements, (iv) oblique
      rotation of the three elements and the frame, or (v) oblique rotation of the
      frame alone. The infants were responsive to all changes in the spatial
      arrangement of the three elements and to the rotation of the frame, but were less
      responsive to the change in the frame. The two effects were not additive.

PMID- 958846
TI  - Steroscopic discrimination in infants.
AB  - The ability to make discrimiations of binocular disparity was investigated in 2
      month-old infnats by two methods: (a)fixation preference between patterns
      differing in the disparity they contained, and (b)recovery from habituation of
      high-amplitude sucking when there was a change in disparity in the visual
      reinforcer. The stimuli were random-dot steregrams. The results for both mthods
      indicated that at least some infants of this age could perform steroscopic
      discriminations and that both techniques were feasible for development for
      longitudinal studies of steroscopic vision.

PMID- 958847
TI  - Spatial constraints on focused attention: beyond the right-side advantage.
AB  - The subjects listened to one of two simulataneous synthetic speech syllables
      delivered independently over two loudspeakers. When the loudspeakers were
      situated at 90 degrees to the left and to the right, right-side advantage was
      found. When one loudspeaker was situated in front of the subject in the median
      plane, and the other at one of several azimuthal positions around him an
      advantage of the frontal position was observed in all cases. On the other hand,
      performance on the nonfrontal message was affected significantly by its position.
      The pattern of performance which is presumably to cerebral dominance, an
      advantage of sources situated in front of the subject over those at his back, and
      possibly an advantage of sources near the median plane over more remote ones.

PMID- 958848
TI  - [Problems raised by the production of spatial models by blind children: an
      experimental study].
AB  - The ability to reproduct two-dimensional and threee-dimensional spatial models
      was tested in eighteen blind children, aged seven to eleven with two tasks (block
      design test and stick test). Performances and strategies were compared with those
      of seeing children. The results failed to show any important specific errors in
      blind children; despite blindness some children reached levels of performance as
      good as those of seeing children, while others completely failed to follow
      instructions. All such effects were independent of age. The problem is raised of
      the psychological conditions of space representation, independent of the
      afferences through which space is perceived.

PMID- 958849
TI  - Pigeons learn the concept of an "A".
AB  - Pigeons learned to discriminate between "A"S and "2"s in eighteen different
      typefaces. They subsequently showed excellent transfer to twenty-two typefaces
      that they had not previously seen; one pigeon was tested with handwritten letters
      and responded correctly to them also. Pigeons' responses to "A's and "2's with
      parts removed suggested that their performance was controlled by several
      features, none of which alone could be considered necessary or sufficient. A test
      in which birds were shown other letters of the alphabet supported this
      conclusion. It appears that the original discrimination was learned as what Ryle
      calls a "polymorphous concept".

PMID- 958850
TI  - Pattern recognition in humans: correlations which cannot be perceived.

PMID- 958851
TI  - Orientation of the diamond and the square.
AB  - Two experiments show that the young child copies or places diamond and square
      shapes in alignment with the surrounding frame. The results are related to the
      difficulty exhibited by young children in drawing diamonds versus squares.

PMID- 958852
TI  - Intergration and interruption in the masking of form by form.
AB  - Paris of geometric forms of equal area were presented, one form after another,
      with interstimulus intervals t ranging from 0 to 250 ms. The subject's task in
      experiment 1 was to recognise both stimuli. Identification of the form presented
      first (backward masking) across all values of t was of a nonmonotonic nature,
      with greatest impairment at values of t from 30 to 60 ms. Identification of the
      second form presented (forward masking) increased monotonically with increasing
      t. Different forms were recognised with different effectiveness across all values
      of t where masking took place. The results are interpreted on the basis of a
      multiple-stage processing model which assumes interaction between stimuli at
      different levels at different values of t. In experiment 2 the subject's task was
      to detect the presence or absence of a predesignated form. This condition yielded
      monotonic functions for both backward and forward masking. An explanation in
      terms of attention-dependent masking is given.

PMID- 958853
TI  - Riemannian geometries of variable curvature in visual space: visual alleys,
      horopters, and triangles in big open fields.
AB  - Luneburg's model for computation of the curvature K of visual two-dimensional
      space (horizontal visual surface) was tested with equidistant and parallel alleys
      in large open spaces. Forty-six subjects used stakes to produce 406 experimental
      alleys of variable sizes (from 5 x 1 to 240 m x 48m). The results show that,
      contrary to results obtained under laboratory conditions with small alleys and
      light spots, the individual curvature of visual space does not have negative
      constant value. K varies in the interval - 1 to + 1 in ninety computed settings:
      K greater than 0 (N = 38); K less than 0 (N = 52). Therefore the Lobachevskian
      gemetry currently attributed to visual space ought to be replaced by a Riemannian
      geometry of variable curvature. Moreover K is an individual function dependent on
      the size of the alley (distance from the subject), and visual perception would be
      better understood as scale-dependent. Independently of Luneburg's model we have
      tested the constancy of the curvature hypothesis in experiments with horopters
      and visual triangles. The results obtained invalidate Luneburg's hypothesis also.

PMID- 958854
TI  - Psychohysical hallucinations of orientation and spatial frequency.
AB  - After inspection of vertical sinusoidal gratings at least three distinct types of
      subjective or "hallucinated" patterns can be seen on a uniform test field. One
      type, here called horizontal streaming (H), is already well-known from the work
      of MacKay. A second type (V) looks like aroughly sinusoidal grating about 1-5
      octaves above the adapting spitial frequency. Under optimal conditions a second
      vertical component appears at about 2 octaves below the adapting frequency. The
      third category of aftereffect consists of diagonal lines (D) at two orientations
      (about +/-40 degrees from vertical). The spatial-frequency band at these two
      orientations appears to be fairly broad, but roughly similar to the adapting
      frequency. The duration and strength of D increased, while V declined, at higher
      adapting spatial frequencies. D and V were increasing functions of adapting
      contrast, while H appeared abruptly only after the highest adapting contrast. H,
      D, and V are thus all functionally distinct. A schematic model of cortical
      organization is proposed to account for these phenomena. Pattern channels
      selective for a given orientation are grouped together with movement channels
      selective for the orthogonal direction. Antagonism between channels within such
      "modules" accounts for the streaming effect (H). Inhibition between modules tuned
      to different orientations and spatial frequencies accounts for the D and V
      effects: after adaptation of channels in one module, neighbouring module(s) are
      released from inhibition to produce a spurious response which is seen as a
      grating-like object in the adapted part of the visual field. During flickering
      adaptation a "halluncinated" lattice can be seen superimposed on the adapting
      grating. It apparently consists of Fourier components more remote from the
      adapting pattern than D and V are. This disinhibitory effect is strong
      confirmation of the inhibitory model. The regular and highly organized matrix of
      channels implied by these experiments may constitute a cortical hypercolumn
      conducting a coarse, piecewise Fourier transformation of the retinal image.

PMID- 958855
TI  - Casuality in the environment and health: The utility of the multiplex variable.

PMID- 958856
TI  - The physiology of meditation and mystical states of consciousness.

PMID- 958857
TI  - Retrograde oxidative reactions after section of the rubrospinal tract.

PMID- 958858
TI  - Control of mitochondrial processes by the coupling of resonant energy to hydrogen
      transfer reactions.

PMID- 958859
TI  - The neuropharmacologist's dilemma.

PMID- 958861
TI  - Letter: The right to medical care.

PMID- 958860
TI  - Problems in biofeedback training: an experimential analogy-urination.

PMID- 958862
TI  - Possible similar role of cytochrome P450 in primordial evolution of species and
      in chemical carcinogenesis.

PMID- 958863
TI  - Lessons from the discovery of modern diuretic therapy.

PMID- 958864
TI  - Consensus among experts: the unholy grail.

PMID- 958865
TI  - Pleuropneumonia of swine caused by Haemophilus parahaemolyticus. Studies on the
      protection obtained by vaccination.
AB  - Sixty-six pigs were vaccinated with formaldehyde-killed 24-hour or 6-hour culture
      of H. parahaemolyticus with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (1:1 or 3:1) or 15 per
      cent Alhydrogel. The vaccine was injected subcutaneously when the pigs were 9
      weeks old. A booster injection was given 2 weeks later. Two weeks after the
      booster injection the pigs were challenged by intranasal inoculation of 10(10)
      organisms. The efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by clinical observations and
      autopsy findings. Vaccines with Alhydrogel adjuvant: With 24-hour culture 25 per
      cent of the pigs were protected. With 6-hour culture the protection reached 67
      per cent. Vaccines with Freund's incomplete adjuvant: With 24-hour culture 67 per
      cent of the vaccinates were protected. With 6-hour culture 90 per cent were
      protected. It is concluded that a 6-hour culture of H. parahaemolyticus is
      superior to an older culture in immunizing power. Vaccine with Freund's
      incomplete adjuvant caused severe local reaction with persistent granuloma
      formation. For that reason it is questionable whether this vaccine will be
      accepted for field use. H. parahaemolyticus could be found in the respiratory
      tract, also of animals that were protected by vaccination. Further studies on the
      significance and duration of the carrier state in this infection are required.

PMID- 958866
TI  - Pleuropneumonia caused by Haemophilus parahaemolyticus. An attempt to control the
      disease at two progeny testing stations by serological blood testing followed by
      removal of the seropositive animals and their litter mates.
AB  - The complement fixation test was employed at two progeny testing stations in an
      attempt to avoid outbreaks of contagious pleuropneumonia, caused by Haemophilus
      parahaemolyticus. Pigs were isolated immediately after arrival at the testing
      stations and blood samples taken for serology. Test groups with seropositive
      animals were not admitted to the testing station. The sanitation scheme proved
      successful, in that acute outbreaks were avoided at both stations and the
      frequency of chronic pleuritis at slaughter fell from appr. 12 per cent to appr.
      6 per cent (Station A) and from appr. 8 per cent to appr. 1 per cent (Station B).
      Accordingly, the complement fixation test may be of value in diagnosing
      subclinical infections and thus in the control of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus
      pleuropneumonia.

PMID- 958867
TI  - Experience of the efficacy of equine influenza vaccinations.
AB  - In 1974, a very extensive influenza/A/equi 2 epidemic broke out in the Finnish
      horse population. To study the efficacy of influenza vaccinations a questionnaire
      was sent after the epidemic to all Finnish veterinarians. The answer material was
      selected to contain only stables which had had clinically typical cases. The
      material consisted 234 unvaccinated and 629 vaccinated horses. In the latter
      group 466 horses were vaccinated adequately. The results of the study showed that
      of the unvaccinated horses 212 (91%) and of the adequately vaccinated horses only
      42 (9.4%) contracted clinically typical influenza. On the other hand, in the
      group of horses vaccinated irregularly or only once before the epidemic the
      disease prevalence was about the same as for the unvaccinated animals. Thus, the
      equine influenza vaccines used in Finland had a surprising good efficacy if they
      were used according to instructions.

PMID- 958868
TI  - [Incidence of MMA after prostaglandin-induced parturition (author's transl)].
AB  - In a sowherd suffering from high incidence of MMA which demanded an intensive
      postparturient treatment to reduce baby pig mortality the effect on
      postparturient diseases of induction of parturition with Prostaglandin was
      examined. After treatment of 19 sows on day 112 of gestation with 12.5 mg
      Prostaglandin, parturition in 15 sows took place on an average of 25 hours after
      injection; the gestation period was 113.1 +/- 0.5 days. Three sows that did not
      respond to the treatment farrowed 3-6 days after treatment and one sow farrowed
      few hours after treatment. In a non-treated identical group of animals the
      gestation period averaged 113.4 +/- 1.5 days. No difference was found between the
      two groups concerning number of stillborn pgis, baby pig mortality within first
      eight days of life, incidence of MMA or intensity of postparturient medical
      treatment.

PMID- 958869
TI  - [A simple flotation and McMaster method (author's transl)].
AB  - A simple and hygienic flotation and McMaster method is described (cf. Fig. 1):
      The faeces sample (3-5 gm) is mixed with flotation fluid (40-60 ml) in a
      disposable plastic cup (cup I) and a circular piece of gauze, with a diameter
      equivalent to twice the height of the cup plus the diameter of its base, is
      placed over the cup. By a similar cup (cup II), with the bottom cut off and slits
      made in the side, the gauze is pressed down in cup I. By this procedure the
      faeces suspension will be filtered through the gauze and appear in cup II. After
      10 minutes some drops after transferred from the surface of the filtrate to a
      slide by means of a test tube, which is dipped to the bottom of the filtrate and
      quickly moved over to the slide. The optimal procedure was worked out with faeces
      containing faeces containing eggs of Ostertagia ostertagi. Saturated sodium
      chloride with 50 g glucose per 100 ml was found to be a suitable flotation fluid
      for demonstrating eggs of commonly occurring parasites, e.g., trichostronglyids
      and ascarids. The described flotation technique is more efficacious than the one
      hitherto employed. The technique is usable also in connection with a McMaster
      method: 4 gm. faeces are suspended in 56 ml flotation fluid. Immediately
      following filtration, filtrate is transferred to a McMaster counting chamber by
      means of a Pasteur pipette.

PMID- 958870
TI  - [Editorial: Therapeutics, little loved].

PMID- 958871
TI  - [Value of the fractionation of serum immunoglobulins for the diagnosis of rubella
      infection in pregnant women. Critical study].
AB  - The authors present the results of fractionation by ultracentrifugation in the
      identification of rubella antibodies in 20 vaccinated children and 389 pregnant
      women suspected of having rubella. Testing for specific IgM was constantly
      positive when an exanthematous disease was seen in association with a significant
      increase an antibody level as measured by standard techniques, making
      questionable the reed of fractionation under such circumstances. By contrast,
      however, the shortest delay in collection of the first sample of serum renders
      fractionation essential. Alone, it made possible the diagnostic of rubella in
      patients in whom the first serum, although collected within 3 to 5 days after the
      rash, had the same antibody level as a second serum collected later. Whilst
      fractionisation requested for contact only without rash did not reveal specific
      IgM, positive results were obtained rarely in sera with a high antibody level on
      routine examination. The very uncertain significance of these last results, the
      frequency of cases of recent rubella with very modest antibody levels and the
      occasional finding of duodtful results, render the authors highly sceptical as to
      the value of fractionisation in the presence of a high serum level on routine
      examination in a pregnant woman.

PMID- 958872
TI  - [Letter: Hepatitis medicamentosa caused by perhexiline].

PMID- 958873
TI  - [Letter: Stomach rupture caused by explosion of intragastric intestinal gas].

PMID- 958874
TI  - [Letter: Transient bisalbuminemia under betalactamines during phalloidine
      poisoning].

PMID- 958875
TI  - [Letter: Penetration of inhaled pollen into the airways].

PMID- 958876
TI  - [Letter: Renal insufficiency in multiple myeloma and its treatment by periodic
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 958877
TI  - [Letter: Influence of tobacco smoke on the pressure of the central artery of the
      retina].

PMID- 958878
TI  - [A phonomecanographic test of hyperthyroidism].
AB  - Systolic intervals may be studied by phonomechanography. This provides data
      regarding the function of the left ventricle. In the absence of any problem of
      intraventricular conduction or valvular lesion, such information is particularly
      valuable. Thyroxine impregnation, whetHer active directly and/or by catecholamine
      hypersecretion, results in cardiac hyperkinesia which is reflected not only by
      tachycardia but also a shortening penetration time and contraction of the
      ventricular muscle. This shows itself within systole as a change in the relation
      between the duration of the pre-ejection phase (PPE) and the ejection phase. The
      first decreases whilst the second remains normal and their ratio changes, PPE/E
      changes from a normal value of 0.34 +/- 0.04 to 0.25 +/- 0.03. These tests are
      not only of value in diagnosis but also make it possible to observe the effects
      of treatment. It is certain that a true phonomechanographic syndrome of cardiac
      hyperkinesia may be described. The commonest, though not the only, aetiology is
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 958879
TI  - [Death or absence of the father. Its role in the genesis of psychotic process
      happening between 15 and 25 years].
AB  - A retrospective study of the case records of 215 patients developing an acute or
      chronic psychotic process between the ages of 15 and 25 years indicated that the
      father had died or disappeared during childhood in 25% of cases, a figure of 7%
      being found for a control group - a highly significant statistical difference. By
      contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in the disappearance
      of the mother between the two groups. The date of death (or disappearance) of the
      father occurred at three particular periods - at birth, towards the age of 5 and
      at 11 or 12 years. The authors' discussion concerns the convergence of the
      results of this statistical approach of the past history of psychotic patients
      with certain psychodynamic interpretations of psychosis.

PMID- 958880
TI  - [Value of radioisotopes in the detection of phlebitis].

PMID- 958881
TI  - [Modelling duodenoplasty in the treatment of congenital duodenal occlusions].

PMID- 958882
TI  - [Letter: One case of radiological nymphal porocephalosis of senegalese origin].

PMID- 958883
TI  - [Letter: Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver observed during
      estroprogestational treatments].

PMID- 958884
TI  - [Letter: Living porocephalus nymph discovered during surgery].

PMID- 958885
TI  - [Letter: Treatment of Felty's syndrome by lithium].

PMID- 958886
TI  - [Letter: Acute pulmonary fibrosis after Mendelson's syndrome. Regression under
      artificial ventilation].

PMID- 958887
TI  - [Letter:Segmental hypoplasia of the kidney. Distinction between 2 histological
      forms].

PMID- 958888
TI  - [Letter: Treatment of trichinosis].

PMID- 958889
TI  - [Letter: Peritoneal ascaridiasis. Radiological discovery].

PMID- 958890
TI  - [Letter: Sparing femoral arteries: blood collecting by radical artery].

PMID- 958891
TI  - [Letter: Effect of bromocryptine on the fluctuations following dopa therapy. On
      off phenomenon in parkinsonian patients].

PMID- 958892
TI  - [Letter: Heridity of hemochromatosis: its relation with HL-A system].

PMID- 958893
TI  - Ring current shielding effects in nucleic acid double helices.
AB  - Values of ring current shielding in parts-per-million have been calculated for
      double helical nucleic acids in the A-RNA (RNA-11), A' -RNA (RNA-12) and B-DNA
      geometries. Atomic coordinates determined previously from x-ray diffraction of
      fibers were used to calculate the positions of protons relative to both nearest
      and second nearest neighboring bases, including those on the complementary
      strand. The magnitude of the diamagnetic shielding was then calculated for each
      aromatic ring. From these calculations tables were constructed for use in
      determining the shielding expected for carbon-bound and ring nitrogen-bound
      protons of any double helical nucleic acid sequence. The results are compared
      with available experimental data for several oligonucleotides and with previous
      ring current shielding calculations where differences of up to 0.4 ppm are found.

PMID- 958894
TI  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from Artemia salina. Subunit structure of
      polymerase II.
AB  - RNA polymerase II from larvae of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, was highly
      purified by two cycles of DEAE-cellulose chromatography followed by
      centrifugation through discontinuous sucrose gradients. Gradient fractions were
      subjected to elctrophoresis is polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. The subunit structure of RNA polymerase II was determined by
      quantitative comparison of the polypeptides and enzyme activity present in each
      gradient fraction. The enzyme contains one copy of each of four subunits with
      estimated molecular weights of 170,000, 130,000, 36,000 and 24,000. The total
      molecular weight agrees well with the molecular weight estimated for the native
      enzyme by density gradient centrifugation.

PMID- 958895
TI  - Nucleosomes in metaphase chromosomes.
AB  - Previous studies of the structure of metaphase chromosomes have relied heavily on
      electron micrography and have revealed the existence of a 10-nm unit fiber that
      is thought to generate the native 23-30-nm fiber by higher order folding. The
      structural relationship of these metaphase fibers to the interphase fiber remains
      obscure. Recent studies on the digestion of interphase chromatin have revealed
      the existence of a regularly repeating subunit of DNA and histone, the nucleosome
      that generates the appearance of 10-nm beads connected by a short fiber of DNA
      seen on electron micrographs. It was therefore of interest to probe the structure
      of the metaphase  chromosome for the presence of nucleosomal subunits. To this
      end metaphase  chromosomes were prepared from colchicine-arrested cultures of
      mouse L-cells and were subjected to digestion with stayphylococcal nuclease.
      Comparison of the early and limit digestion products of metaphase chromosomes
      with those obtained from interphase nuclei indicates that although significant
      morphologic changes occur within the chromatin fiber during mitosis, the basic
      subunit structure of the chromatin fiber is retained by the mitotic chromosome.

PMID- 958896
TI  - Duplex structure formation between oligo(dA)'s and oligo(dT)'s generated by
      thymine-specific interaction with netropsin.
AB  - The formation of oligomeric duplex molecules in the presence of the antibiotic
      netropsin in the series p(dA)n-p(dT)n is demonstrated using low-temperature CD
      measurements. Addition of Netropsin to mixtures of oligomers generates the same
      type of CD spectra as observed for poly(dA)-poly(dT) and maintains the duplex
      structure at temperatures at which base pairing of free oligomers is
      thermodynamically unstable. The shortest chain length forming a netropsin complex
      by thymine-specific interaction with the oligopeptide is represented by p(dA)4
      p(dt)4. Studies with sequence isomers show that adjacent thymine residues
      strongly favour the complex formation with the oligopeptide.

PMID- 958897
TI  - [Demonstration total brain infarct with radioisotope angiography].
AB  - In the field of organ transplantation and in brain death patients where intensive
      care measures may seem superfluous, the demonstration of cessation of cerebral
      blood flow by X-ray angiography is generally agreed to be the diagnostic
      procedure of choice to prove irreversible loss of cerebral function. There are,
      however, certain drawbacks involved in X-ray angiography. Arterial puncture is
      necessary. Furthermore, the procedure can be time-consuming, thus making the
      continuation of adequate intensive-care measures more difficult. At the same time
      the circulatory condition may worsen causing hypoxic damage to the organ to be
      transplanted. In the present paper, the authors report on 13 patients with
      clinical signs of brain death where cessation of cerebral blood flow was
      demonstrated atraumatically by intravenous radioisotope angiography (RIA) using a
      multicrystal gammacamera (Baird Atomic) and the bolus-injection technique with
      99m Tc-pertechnetate. Nine patients had severe brain injuries, 2 patients had
      brain tumours, 1 patient had encephalitis and 1 patient had suffered prepartal
      thrombosis of the sinus sagittalis. In all patients EEG recordings were
      isoelectric. At the time when the RIA was performed systolic blood pressure had
      decreased to 62-85 mmHg (x = 71 mmHg), while body temperature had declined to 31
      36,5 degrees C (x = 34 degrees). According to the present results, which were all
      confirmed by subsequent bilateral carotid X-ray angiography, total brain
      infarction is unequivocal when the following criteria are satisfied using RIA: 1.
      when the radioisotope bolus flows along the common carotid arteries but does not
      proceed any further than to the base of the skull or around the scalp structures,
      2. when, at the moment when the radioactivity outlines the scalp structures,
      neither the intracranial arteries nor the capillary bed or the venous sinuses are
      visible, 3. when the time-activity curves across the hemispheres show simply a
      plateau of low count rate without the activity peak typical for cerebral tracer
      circulation and 4. when the activity peak, typical for venous outflow, is missing
      from the time-activity curves for the cervical areas. In 12 patients with
      extremely reduced cerebral blood flow it was demonstrated that the RIA findings
      were clearly different from those obtained at brain death. Moreover, not one of
      438 other patients undergoing RIA exhibited the same features which were
      associated with brain death. The authors conclude that RIA involves the same
      degree of safety as X-ray angiography in the diagnosis of total brain infarction
      but is superior to the latter when the diagnostic procedure has to be performed
      quickly, thus reducing the risk of any further damage to a prospective donor
      organ.

PMID- 958898
TI  - In vitro determination of unbound and total iron-binding capacity in serum by
      radioiron using a new ion exchange strip.
AB  - A simplified method for the in vitro determination of TIBC and UIBC in serum
      using 59Fe was subjected to quality control in the laboratory and clinically
      studied in duplicate determinations of 185 sera of an unselected patient
      population. The data obtained were investigated by statistical means (regression,
      correlation, variance analysis). The precision of the method was evaluated step
      by step. The results indicate that the radiochemical determination of TIBC values
      is equivalent to the "indirect" one (UIBC + SI) as far as accuracy is concerned.
      Advantages of the radiochemical method are discussed.

PMID- 958899
TI  - Significance of renal visualization during bone scanning in Paget's disease.
AB  - In 17 of 26 patients with extensive, symptomatic Paget's disease poor renal
      visualization was noted on bone scanning with 99mTc-diphosphonate. Renal function
      was normal in all patients. The intensity of the renal image proved to be
      inversely related to the extent and metabolic activity of the Pagetic process.
      This finding supports the hypothesis that in Paget's disease the balance between
      skeletal and renal extraction of circulating tracer amy be displaced in favor of
      the former.

PMID- 958900
TI  - [Thyroid hormones and thyrotropin in liver and kidney insufficiency].
AB  - In 22 patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency the serum concentrations of
      trijodothyronin, thyroxine and thyrotropin and also the T4-binding capacity of
      TBG were determined. The mean serum T3 concentration was found to be
      significantly lower in patients with hepatic coma when compared with euthyroid
      subjects. In the cases of renal insufficiency the serum T3 concentrations were in
      the normal range. Due to hormone loss through dialysis however, the mean value of
      the T3 concentrations was slightly lower than the average concentration of normal
      subjects. The obtained results agree with those of our earlier studies which
      showed that there are significant differences between liver artery and vein T3
      concentrations in serum, whereas no such differences could be ascertained between
      serum concentrations in renal artery and vein. On the basis of these findings it
      is assumed that conversion of T4 into T3 occurs predominantly in the liver.

PMID- 958901
TI  - Papillary thyroid carcinoma in a toxic adenoma.

PMID- 958902
TI  - [Albumin kinetics in superior mesenteric artery shock in rats].
AB  - 1. After 1-hour-tourniquet of the arteria mesenterical superior of the rat the
      result is a loss of intravasal fluid into the small intestine. After 2-hour
      tourniquet the loss of fluid into the samll intestine can be higher than the
      volume of plasma circulating at the start of the experiment. During therapy with
      plasma substitute on base of gelatine (Haemaccel) the volume of content of the
      small intestine increases further. 2. After 1-hour-tourniquet the content of
      intravasal albumin is diminished by 26%, after 2-hour-tourniquet by 46%. Under
      therapy with a plasma substitute the loss of intravasal albumin increases
      further. 3. After 1-hour-tourniquet a transient accumulation of albumin was found
      in the wall of the samll intestine which was reduced after 2-hour-tourniquet. 4.
      The intravasal albumin is excreted in the small and the large intestine. After 1
      hour-tourniquet 46% of excreted albumin was found in the small intestine after 2
      hour-tourniquet 61%. It can be demonstrated, that under replacement with plasma
      substitute the result is mainly an "albumin dilution effect". The wall of the
      small intestine becomes permeable to high-molecular weight substances with an
      average molecular weight below 60.000. An effective therapy with the plasma
      substitute of the AMS-shock should, therefore, contain carrier substances with a
      molecular weight higher than 60.000.

PMID- 958903
TI  - Absorbed radiation dose from radionuclidic impurities in several 123I-labeled
      radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - The radiation dose to patients from RISA, sodium iodohippurate, and rose bengal
      labeled with commercially available 123I and its accompanying radioimpurities has
      been studied. The extra radiation dose to target organs was found to range from
      29% to 97% that due to 123I alone when the radiopharmaceutical is administered at
      calibration time. Additional delay in the time of administration increases the
      relative impurity dose.

PMID- 958904
TI  - Clerical support services in schools of nursing. 2.

PMID- 958906
TI  - Roles and realities.

PMID- 958905
TI  - Ready for report nurse? A study of nursing communication in hospital wards.

PMID- 958907
TI  - Chronic renal failure: renal bone disease.

PMID- 958908
TI  - Chronic renal failure: Peter Voss talks to a doctor on home dialysis.

PMID- 958909
TI  - Paediatric dialysis.

PMID- 958910
TI  - Pituitary diseases. 1: the pituitary gland and its disorders.

PMID- 958911
TI  - Nursing care study: Wayne--a patient with recurrent reactive depression.

PMID- 958912
TI  - Preventive medicine in geriatrics. 2: preparing for retirement.

PMID- 958913
TI  - The things they say.

PMID- 958914
TI  - Clerical support services in schools of nursing. 5.

PMID- 958915
TI  - X-rays in focus: bone disease in children.

PMID- 958917
TI  - Editorial: Cause for complaint.

PMID- 958916
TI  - The lady apprentices.

PMID- 958918
TI  - Industrial relations--what now?

PMID- 958919
TI  - Radiographs. 1. Investigations associated with the urinary tract.

PMID- 958920
TI  - Metabolic bone disease in the elderly.

PMID- 958921
TI  - Care of the dying. 2. The problem of euthanasia-2.

PMID- 958922
TI  - Attitudes in geriatrics.

PMID- 958923
TI  - The confused elderly.

PMID- 958924
TI  - Dangerous drugs.

PMID- 958925
TI  - Aspects of geriatric care.

PMID- 958926
TI  - Editorial: Challenge for care.

PMID- 958928
TI  - Professional advisory committees.

PMID- 958927
TI  - Has psychiatry come in from the cold?

PMID- 958929
TI  - Nursing care study: vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 958930
TI  - Psoriasis.

PMID- 958931
TI  - Neonatal jaundice--cause not known.

PMID- 958932
TI  - Kernicterus in the newborn.

PMID- 958933
TI  - Care of the dying. 3. Should a patient know ...?

PMID- 958934
TI  - Behavioural treatment of an eating problem.

PMID- 958935
TI  - American nurses.

PMID- 958936
TI  - A performance appraisal scheme for health visitors.

PMID- 958938
TI  - Crisis in mind.

PMID- 958937
TI  - A jaundiced view.

PMID- 958939
TI  - Medical aspects of major games.

PMID- 958940
TI  - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.

PMID- 958942
TI  - Lung function tests.

PMID- 958941
TI  - Nursing care study: total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral
      salpingo=oophorectomy.

PMID- 958943
TI  - Radiography-3. Angiography and other radiographic investigations.

PMID- 958944
TI  - Care of the dying-4. Control of pain in terminal cancer.

PMID- 958945
TI  - NHS in Scotland: a summary of the reorganised structure.

PMID- 958946
TI  - Nursing--rhyme or reason?

PMID- 958948
TI  - Heart valve transplantation.

PMID- 958947
TI  - Inevitable decision.

PMID- 958949
TI  - Carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 958950
TI  - The bedpan and cross-infection.

PMID- 958951
TI  - Infant feeding. 1. A survey of mothers' practices and attitudes.

PMID- 958952
TI  - Talking to patients.

PMID- 958954
TI  - Radiology in heart disease.

PMID- 958953
TI  - Staffing with the aid of dependency indices.

PMID- 958955
TI  - Editorial: Clearing the air.

PMID- 958956
TI  - At the bamboo roots - 1.

PMID- 958957
TI  - The use of episiotomy.

PMID- 958958
TI  - Community nursing care study: father and son.

PMID- 958959
TI  - Treating intractable pain; changing attitudes and alternatives.

PMID- 958960
TI  - Prevention of dental caries.

PMID- 958961
TI  - Care of the dying. 7. The last achievement.

PMID- 958962
TI  - Infant feeding. 2. A survey of mothers' practices and attitudes.

PMID- 958964
TI  - Stresses and strains.

PMID- 958963
TI  - Reality orientation. A multi-disciplinary therapeutic approach.

PMID- 958965
TI  - Nursing care study. Subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm.

PMID- 958966
TI  - At the bamboo roots--2: Hong Kong.

PMID- 958967
TI  - Strains and sprains.

PMID- 958968
TI  - Alcoholism--restoring the personality.

PMID- 958969
TI  - Home dialysis.

PMID- 958970
TI  - Retaining the Whitley system.

PMID- 958971
TI  - An introduction to capital equipping.

PMID- 958973
TI  - Rcn: professional body and trade union? Any questions?

PMID- 958972
TI  - The Aberdeen formula.

PMID- 958974
TI  - Rhinoplasties under local anaesthesia.

PMID- 958975
TI  - Community nursing care study: Mrs. Jones.

PMID- 958976
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 958977
TI  - At the bamboo roots. 3: Malaysia.

PMID- 958978
TI  - The work of UKCOSA (United Kingdom Council for Overseas Student Affairs).

PMID- 958979
TI  - People who are training to be nurses.

PMID- 958980
TI  - Education. 1: what is education?

PMID- 958981
TI  - Design for geriatric care.

PMID- 958982
TI  - Barrier nursing ... superstition or science?

PMID- 958983
TI  - Lassa fever.

PMID- 958984
TI  - Safe disposal of contaminated 'sharps' in the community.

PMID- 958985
TI  - Disinfection of plastic aprons.

PMID- 958987
TI  - Stimulus for disagreement.

PMID- 958986
TI  - The Aberdeen formula.

PMID- 958988
TI  - Nail disorders.

PMID- 958989
TI  - Disorders of the skin. Itchy skin.

PMID- 958991
TI  - Behaviour modification programme.

PMID- 958990
TI  - Cardiac monitoring.

PMID- 958992
TI  - A new use for the temperature chart.

PMID- 958993
TI  - Education--2. Teaching concepts and values, and learning to nurse.

PMID- 958994
TI  - Do psychiatric nurses get a fair deal?

PMID- 958995
TI  - A new approach to learning: the mobile teaching unit.

PMID- 958996
TI  - The patient with a renal mass.

PMID- 958997
TI  - Barrister-at-law, searches--unsuccessfully--for a legal basis to the concept of
      the clinical responsibility of doctors.

PMID- 958998
TI  - The Open University. What is the OU?

PMID- 958999
TI  - The Open University; opportunities for nurses.

PMID- 959000
TI  - The Open University. A student's point of view.

PMID- 959001
TI  - Leukaemia in childhood.

PMID- 959002
TI  - Community nursing care study: a social outcast.

PMID- 959003
TI  - Methods of learning; planning for teaching.

PMID- 959004
TI  - Once bitten....

PMID- 959005
TI  - It's due to your age dear.

PMID- 959006
TI  - New perspectives for nurse teachers.

PMID- 959007
TI  - Food for thought.

PMID- 959008
TI  - Titanium cranioplasty in the repair of skull defects.

PMID- 959009
TI  - Nursing care study. A baby with trisomy E or 18.

PMID- 959010
TI  - Circumcision.

PMID- 959011
TI  - Sickle cell disease.

PMID- 959012
TI  - Education - 4. Lectures and forum teaching methods.

PMID- 959013
TI  - Standards of nursing care.

PMID- 959014
TI  - Management of attention-seeking patients.--1.

PMID- 959015
TI  - Mean nonelastic lung resistance and its equivalents (effective resistance).

PMID- 959016
TI  - [Radiology and informatics. Quo vadimus? (author's transl)].

PMID- 959017
TI  - [Radiological aspect of osseous changes in children with leukaemia (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959018
TI  - [A simplified method of determination of normal position of calcified pineal
      gland (author's transl)].

PMID- 959019
TI  - [Albright's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 959020
TI  - [Cardiovascular system in chronic alcoholism. Radiological and clinical aspects
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959021
TI  - [Phlebography of lumbar spine area. Technique of investigations and anatomy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959022
TI  - [Two cases of Goodpasture's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 959023
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in cases of cystic structures in the lungs of children
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959024
TI  - [Radiological sings of pyloric ulcer in the light of 76 surgically confirmed
      cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 959025
TI  - [Role of arteriography in diagnosis of abdominal tumours in children (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959026
TI  - [Calcifications visible in mammograms as a differential diagnostic factor in
      differentiation between benign and malignant processes in the milk gland of women
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959027
TI  - [A case of Gardner's syndrome with malignant transformation in one of osseous
      lesions (osteoblastoma malignum) (author's transl)].

PMID- 959028
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in Friedrich's disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 959029
TI  - [Pulmonary changes in tuberous sclerosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 959030
TI  - [Traumatic renal artery rupture in a 13-year-old boy with developmental anomaly
      of kidneys (author's transl)].

PMID- 959031
TI  - [Effect of treatment in a geriatric sanatorium on urinary hydroxyproline
      excretion].

PMID- 959032
TI  - [Bitter salt spring water from the Inowroclaw Spa in the form of effervescent
      tablets].

PMID- 959033
TI  - [Effectiveness of sanatorium rehabilitation of patients treated after acute
      myocardial infarct at the Inowroclaw Spa].

PMID- 959034
TI  - [Effect of comprehensive sanatorium rehabilitation on body weight in patients
      following myocardial infarct].

PMID- 959035
TI  - [Attitude to health and the levels of neuroticism and extroversion in patients
      after myocardial infarct].

PMID- 959036
TI  - [Effect of sanatorium rehabilitation on the attitude of patients to their disease
      after myocardial infarct].

PMID- 959037
TI  - [Prevention of the aging process].

PMID- 959038
TI  - [Value of simple respiratory function tests in qualifying elderly subjects for
      geriatric sanatorium treatment and assessment of its results].

PMID- 959039
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy in medico-legal investigations of hair.
AB  - The appearance of the hair surface as revealed by scanning electron microscopy is
      described. Intact human and animal hair, hair after shot and hair treated with
      thermic energy were the subject of investigation. The authors paid attention to
      numerous details of the pictures obtained due to high resolving power of scanning
      electron microscope.

PMID- 959040
TI  - Lung morphology in experimental uremia.
AB  - The investigations were performed on 15 dogs with experimental uremia, but free
      of overhydration and circulatory insufficiency. Parahilar lungs areas showed
      numerous atelectatic foci, the peripheral part--conpensatory marginal emphusema.
      Light microscopy revealed a decreased number of granular cells, electron
      microscopy the "empty" appearance of the lamellar structures, and decrease or
      absence of the Hale-positive layer of alveolar lining film. The inhibition of
      cells controlling the alveolar surgace tension seems to be crucial in the
      pathomechanism of development of uremic lung lesions.

PMID- 959041
TI  - Effect of inderal on insulin secretion, glycemia and FFA concentration in normal
      subjects and diabetics.
AB  - In 20 cases of adult-type diabetes and in 10 healthy controls insulinemia,
      glycemia and free acids concentration were determined under basal conditions,
      after glucose load and after administration of inderal and glucose. After
      intravenous injection of inderal basal insulinemia fell in controls but this fall
      was statistically not significant, while in diabetics no evident changes of
      insulinemia were observed. Following inderal injection and oral glucose a
      statistically significant drop in insulinemia was observed in controls but not in
      diabetics. In both groups inderal injection was without any significant effect on
      glycemia before as well as after glucose load. In both groups a significant
      decrease occurred in the level of free fatty acids and inderal had no effect on
      it.

PMID- 959042
TI  - Serum insulin, pancreatic glucagon and growth hormone levels in response to
      intravenous infusion of L-arginine in patients with recently detected juvenile
      diabetes.
AB  - The secretion of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone was determined in the serum
      of patients with recently diagnosed juvenile-type diabetes (10 patients) during
      stimulation by intravenous infusion of L-arginine and was compared with the
      results found in a group of five healthy persons. The value of the insulinemia
      was significantly lower in the diabetics as compared with the healthy controls.
      Serum glucagon levels were higher in all diabetics when fasting and after L
      arginine administration as compared with the controls but a significant
      difference was observed only at the peck of secretion (5 min after L-arginine
      administration). Growth hormone concentration was slightly higher in the
      diabetics after secretory stimulation than in the controls, particularly at the
      peak of secretion (30 and 45 min) but the difference was statistically no
      significant.

PMID- 959043
TI  - Secretion of growth hormone in the insulin test in various forms of diabetes.
AB  - In 25 diabetics and 8 controls the insulin hypoglycemia test was performed with
      subsequent determination of growth hormone secretion by the radioimmunoassay
      method. The rise of the growth hormone level began earlier and persisted longer
      in diabetics as compared with controls. Juvenile diabetes was associated with a
      rapid secretory response of the hormone while in maturity-type diabetes the
      release of growth hormone in response to stimulation was excessive but delayed. A
      somewhat lower secretory response was found in diabetes lasting over 5 years as
      compared with short-lasting diabetes. The observed phenomena were not related to
      the absolute blood glucose level. Although the phenomenon of growth hormone
      hypersecretion remains yet to be explained, it seems, however, to be secondary to
      carbohydrate metabolism disturbance and insulin disorders.

PMID- 959044
TI  - Secretion of growth hormone in the insulin test, and the development of diabetic
      microangiopathy.
AB  - Serum growth hormone (HGH) was determined in: 1) diabetics without retinopathy,
      2) diabetics with retinopathy and normal creatinine clearance. In diabetes
      without retinopathy the HGH was higher than in controls, while in the group of
      cases with retinopathy the HGH level was significantly lower than in the group
      without vascular changes and in the control group. Cases with retinal vascular
      changes and reduced creatinine clearance had a significantly higher HGH level as
      compared with the group with normal clearance, and the dynamics of HGH secretion
      in the group with reduced clearance differed from those in the remaining groups.
      This pattern of HGH secretion in the studied groups showed a connection between
      raised HGH level and impairment of renal function developing when vascular
      changes appear in diabetics.

PMID- 959045
TI  - Hyperlipoproteinemia (acc. to Fredrickson's classification) in patients with
      myocardial infarction and imminent infarction.
AB  - In 500 cases (379 men and 121 women) of ischemic heart disease, including 428
      patients with myocardial infarction and 72 -- with imminent infarction, blood
      lipid levels were determined. Blood samples were taken on fasting, by the end of
      hospitalization, from patients with myocardial infarction on the 18th-21st day of
      disease, and from those with imminent infarction after cessation of pain. In 152
      patients (30.4%), including 87 with infarction and 65 with imminent infarction,
      disturbances in the blood lipid pattern were found and classified according to
      Fredrickson. When expressed as percentage against the material of 152 patients
      with blood lipid disturbances, type II A was found in 103 cases (67.8%), type II
      B -- in 25 cases (16.4%), and type IV -- in 24 cases (15.8%). When calculated
      against the whole material of 500 patients, type II A accounted for 20.6%, type
      II B -- for 5%, and type IV -- 4.8% of cases.

PMID- 959046
TI  - Prognostic value of central venous pressure in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The investigations were carried out in 296 patients with myocardial infarction
      (238 men and 58 women) aged 24-91 years, admitted to an intensive care unit on
      the 1st or 2nd day of the disease. In all patients the catheter for determination
      of central venous pressure was introduced into the right atrium through the
      cephalic vein the the first 100 cases, and through the subclavian vein in 196
      cases. The catheter was kept in the atrium for 3-4 days. Values of c.v.p. between
      50 and 120 mm Hg were accepted as normal.

PMID- 959047
TI  - Prognostication of the results of immunosuppressive treatment by means of logical
      dendrite.
AB  - A logical dendrite was designed for establishing indications for immunosupressive
      treatment; it was applied in a group of 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A
      nomogram was constructed for calculation of the expected therapeutic result, on
      the grounds of the indications, proposed duration of treatment and drug dosage.
      Comparison of the calculated and actual clinical results of treatment showed that
      in over 80% of cases the actual results were either consistent with or better
      than the expected ones. The application of prognostication seems to be
      particularly useful in the case of long-term treatment with highly toxic agents.

PMID- 959048
TI  - Reaction of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in vitro in hereditary
      microspherocytosis.
AB  - The authors report results of investigations on PHA-stimulated blastic
      transformation of lymphocytes in hereditary microspherocytosis. In 25 patients
      with this disease including 12 splenectomized cases and 13 non-splenectomized
      ones a significant decrease of the blastic and mitotic indexes was observed in
      relation to a control group of 20 subjects. No statistically significant
      differences were noted, however, between the cases before and after splenectomy.
      The results indicate that splenectomy is not the only factor impairing blastic
      transformation in these patients. The authors suggest that in microspherocytosis
      changes exist not only in the erythrocyte membrane, but that similar changes in
      the lymphocyte cell membrane may impair the response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA).

PMID- 959049
TI  - Cytochemical studies of peripheral blood granulocytes and lymphocytes in patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Using cytoenzymatic methods the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase, non
      specific esterase and glycogen content in peripheral blood cells were analyzed. A
      statistically significant rise in the activity of these enzymes was demonstrated
      in granulocytes and lymphocytes and a low level of glycogen in lymphocytes.
      Following prednisone treatment a statistically significant decrease was observed
      in the activity of studied enzymes and a rise in glycogen content.

PMID- 959050
TI  - Effect of antiphlogistic steroids on urinary hydroxyproline excretion in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Total hydroxyproline excretion in 24-hour urine was determined in 20 cases of
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) before and during treatment. Additionally the
      excretion of hydroxyproline was determined in 14 patients receiving steroids for
      various other diseases (endocarditis, thrombocytopenia, acute leukemia, apofocal
      polyarthritis, ischialgia, spastic bronchitis, pleuritis and Dressler's post
      infarction syndrome). The normal hydroxyproline value was established in 40
      healthy persons. The normalization of pathologically increased hydroxyproline
      excretion in patients with SLE during treatment with prednisone in doses from 1.0
      to 1.35 mg/kg/daily was associated with remission of clinical symptoms. Large
      doses of prednisone in pathological processes not primarily affecting connective
      tissue increased the 24-hour excretion of hydroxyproline and small doses of
      prednisone had no effect on hydroxyprolinuria.

PMID- 959051
TI  - Experimental studies on the growth of cultured epithelium and endothelium of
      rabbit cornea exposed to low temperature.
AB  - On the basis of the investigations performed it was shown that cryoapplication of
      the cornea by the original Krwawicz's method influences temporarily the
      proliferative and migratory ability to epithelial and endothelial corneal cells
      in tissue culture. The endothelium is more sensitive to the action of low
      temperature and recovers its normal dynamics of growth 10--12 days after
      application of cold while the epithelium requires for this only 4--5 days. The
      ability of migration, DNA synthesis and mitosis in conditions of tissue culture
      of the corneal epithelium and endothelium, after their exposure to low
      temperature, are not abolished, but they are suppressed for a longer period than
      the duration of the described histopathological lesions.

PMID- 959052
TI  - [Administration of stroma-free hemoglobin solution for extracoporeal perfusion of
      canine spleen].

PMID- 959053
TI  - [Arterial vascularization of the thyroid gland in man and the practical
      importance of anomalies in the course and development of thyroid arteries].

PMID- 959054
TI  - [Damage of the cervical part of the sympathetic trunk following surgery on the
      thyroid gland].

PMID- 959055
TI  - [Thyroid tuberculosis].

PMID- 959056
TI  - [Functional bladder disorders following rectal amputation].

PMID- 959057
TI  - [Idiopathic pneumothorax complicated by hemorrhage].

PMID- 959058
TI  - [Sources of hospital infections at the Thoracosurgical Department in Lublin].

PMID- 959059
TI  - [Acute abdomen accompanying hepatic parenchymal changes].

PMID- 959060
TI  - [Antiseptic action of Remanex on the hand skin].

PMID- 959061
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in acute surgical abdominal conditions in patients
      treated with neuroleptics].

PMID- 959062
TI  - [Evisceration of the small intestine through the ruptured wall of prolapsed
      rectum].

PMID- 959063
TI  - [Case of pulmonary embolism cured by emergency inferior caval vein ligation and
      streptokinase administration].

PMID- 959064
TI  - [A rare complication in the course of pulmonary tissue resection with
      contralateral tension pneumothorax].

PMID- 959065
TI  - [Ascites of pancreatic origin].

PMID- 959066
TI  - [Biochemical and pharmacological similarity between blood platelets and nerve
      endings].

PMID- 959067
TI  - [Sex differentiation of cerebral centers in mammals].

PMID- 959068
TI  - [Model studies on sodium and water transport in isolated amphibian epithelia].

PMID- 959069
TI  - [Magnesium metabolism in kidney diseases].

PMID- 959070
TI  - [Urine enzyme tests in kidney diseases].

PMID- 959071
TI  - [Structure and function of basic trypsin inhibitor (author's transl)].

PMID- 959072
TI  - [Cytokinins].

PMID- 959073
TI  - Chemotherapy for tuberculosis.

PMID- 959074
TI  - Allergic alveolar diseases. Problems in diagnosis and management.
AB  - One of the diagnostic possibilities to consider when a patient presents with
      cough, fever, dyspnea, or pulmonary infiltrates is hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
      Some of the problems encountered in diagnosis of diffuse lung disease are
      illustrated in two case reports. In one of the cases, interstitial pneumonitis of
      insidious onset was attributed to inhalation of thermophilic organisms in moldy
      silage. In the other, the outstanding pathologic feature was bronchiolitis
      obliterans, and circumstantial evidence pointed to a home humidifier as the
      source of the problem.

PMID- 959075
TI  - Pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia associated with drug reactions and
      parasitic infections.

PMID- 959076
TI  - Lung biopsy through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.
AB  - Peripheral lung lesions are a difficult diagnostic problem. The technique of
      forceps lung biopsy through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope provides
      potential access to the entire lung. Experience to date documents the procedure's
      safety and high yield of helpful information.

PMID- 959077
TI  - Obstructive airways disease. Clinical clues to diagnosis and management.

PMID- 959078
TI  - Diet and diabetes.

PMID- 959079
TI  - Cardiology: preinfarction angina. Defining the syndrome and the risk.

PMID- 959080
TI  - Office gynecology: fibroids-when not to operate.
AB  - The mere presence of uterine fibroids is not, since qua non, an indication for
      their surgical removal. Knowing when not to operate is probably more important
      for the physician than knowing when to operate. It is easy to fall into
      diagnostic and therapeutic traps when uterine fibroids are known to be present,
      especially when they occur concomitantly with a condition such as irregular
      uterine bleeding, infertility, or pregnancy. The contributions of such conditions
      to problems in diagnosing and managing fibroids must be kept in mind by the
      prudent physician; a decision in favor of medical rather than surgical management
      is often best.

PMID- 959081
TI  - Pediatrics: cervical adenopathy in children.
AB  - Cervical adenopathies are common in children. The four categories, based on
      clinical findings are acute unilateral adenitis, acute bilateral adenitis,
      subacute (chronic) adenitis, and cervical node cancers. Most cases of acute
      pyogenic adenitis-both unilateral and bilateral-respond well to early antibiotic
      treatment. Penicillin is the drug of choice unless Staphylococcus aureus is
      thought to be the infecting organism. S aureus is trated with dicloxacillin or
      erythromycin. Subacute adenitis due to cat scratch fever usually resolves
      spontaneously. Nodes due to infection with atypical mycobacteria require
      excision. Because cervical node cancer is usually asymptomatic, excision and
      pathologic study should be done for any cervical node persistently enlarged
      without apparent reason.

PMID- 959082
TI  - Case report: atypical presentation of cholestatic jaundice.

PMID- 959084
TI  - Editorial: Is mammography for breast cancer a factor in increasing survival?

PMID- 959083
TI  - Case report: cardiac monitor malfunction simulating bizarre rhythm.

PMID- 959085
TI  - Ventricular premature beats. When is drug treatment justified?

PMID- 959086
TI  - Major causes of alopecia with suggestions for history taking, workup, and
      therapy.

PMID- 959087
TI  - Therapy of the hyperlipidemias.
AB  - Although the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia is somewhat arbitrary, in that the upper
      limits of normal are not universally agreed upon, it is clear that the risk of
      atherosclerosis increases with plasma cholesterol concentration; it may also
      increase in hyperglyceridemia. We take 220 mg/100 ml as the upper limit of normal
      for plasma cholesterol and 140 mg/100 ml as the upper limit for triglycerides.
      Treatment of hyperlipidemia is aimed at reducing the risk of atherosclerosis or
      arresting its course. Alteration of diet is the first step. If maximal diet
      therapy does not lower plasma lipids to acceptable levels, drug therapy is added.
      The decision to treat hyperlipidemia with drugs should be based on a careful
      weighing of risk vs. benefit for each patient. Because of the rapid change in our
      knowledge of both the risks and the benefits of therapy, that decision must be
      reviewed and updated at regular intervals.

PMID- 959088
TI  - Cortisol levels in depression.

PMID- 959089
TI  - Platelet uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in depression.

PMID- 959090
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressants, tryptophan and affective disorder.

PMID- 959091
TI  - What are tricyclic antidepressant drugs?

PMID- 959092
TI  - Single dose studies with clomipramine in normal subjects.

PMID- 959093
TI  - Progress towards a comprehensive plasma assay for the tricyclic and tetracyclic
      antidepressants.

PMID- 959094
TI  - The effective dosage of antidepressants.

PMID- 959095
TI  - The effect of clomipramine on prolactin levels--pilot studies.

PMID- 959096
TI  - Plasma prolactin concentrations in patients on clomipramine.

PMID- 959097
TI  - Chlorpropamide and fibrinolytic activity in maturity onset diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 959098
TI  - Further experience with discriminant functions in differential diagnosis of
      hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 959099
TI  - Protective dietary factors in experimental ulceration--study of some Nigerian
      cereals and tubers.

PMID- 959100
TI  - Oats and barley toxicity in coeliac patients.

PMID- 959101
TI  - Left lobe amoebic liver abscess.

PMID- 959102
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on lung mechanics in extrinsic asthma.

PMID- 959103
TI  - A 'bootstrap' model of the renal medulla.

PMID- 959104
TI  - A case of associated thyrotoxicosis and phaeochromocytoma. A diagnositc problem.

PMID- 959105
TI  - Arterial surgery in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

PMID- 959106
TI  - Exophthalmos in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. An unusual presentation.

PMID- 959107
TI  - Granulomatous gastritis, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 malabsorption and
      immunoglobulin deficiency.

PMID- 959108
TI  - Combination antifungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis.

PMID- 959109
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart.

PMID- 959110
TI  - Aplasia of the right lung and calcifying epithelioma in association with
      Goldenhar's syndrome.

PMID- 959111
TI  - The role of epidemiological surveillance in the immunoprophylaxis of influenza.

PMID- 959112
TI  - Epidemiological impact of recent influenza viruses in various countries.

PMID- 959113
TI  - The role of humoral immunity in host defence against influenza A infection in
      mice.

PMID- 959114
TI  - Host defence mechanisms against influenza infection. II. Protection of mice with
      vaccines against A/Port Chalmers/1/73 and B/Hong Kong/5/72.

PMID- 959115
TI  - The hamster as a model system for the study of influenza vaccines.

PMID- 959116
TI  - Preparation and properties of a novel influenza subunit vaccine.

PMID- 959117
TI  - The production of live attenuated influenza A strains by recombination with
      A/Okuda/57 (H2N2).

PMID- 959118
TI  - Vaccination in the control of influenza.

PMID- 959119
TI  - Epidemiological studies concerning choice of population for immunoprophylaxis of
      influenza.

PMID- 959120
TI  - Planning for influenza epidemics.

PMID- 959121
TI  - Migraine-traditional uses of ergot compounds.

PMID- 959122
TI  - Peripheral and central circulatory effects of dihydroergotamine.

PMID- 959123
TI  - Influence of ergot compounds on compliance of superficial hand veins in man.

PMID- 959124
TI  - The effects of ergot compounds on the release of noradrenaline and prostaglandins
      from the isolated perfused cat spleen during nerve stimulation.

PMID- 959125
TI  - Effects of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine on the resistance and capacitance
      vessels of skin and skeletal muscle in the cat.

PMID- 959126
TI  - Effects of ergot alkaloids on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

PMID- 959127
TI  - Bromocriptine in the treatment of the hyperprolactinaemia-hypogonadism syndromes.

PMID- 959128
TI  - Successful treatment of acromegaly with bromocriptine.

PMID- 959129
TI  - The treatment of puerperal lactation with bromocriptine.

PMID- 959130
TI  - Some aspects of receptor pharmacology of ergotamine.

PMID- 959131
TI  - [Surface anesthesia of the trachea by means of the Abbott laryngotracheal
      anesthesia (LTA) kit].

PMID- 959132
TI  - [Effects of dextran, gelatine and homologous plasma on circulation in shock
      caused by severe anemia in the dog].
AB  - Irreversible shock is produced in 28 anaesthetized mongrel dogs by withdrawal of
      erythrocytes and substitution by dextran, gelatine or plasma to an average Hb of
      4.5g%. In contrast to other shock models cardiac output and perfusion pressure
      are not decreased by this preparation. In order to maintain arterial blood
      pressue above 90 mm Hg significantly more gelatine than dextran or serum has to
      be infused. There is no difference in hemodynamic responses after treatment with
      dextran or gelatine respectively. Both groups treated with colloidal solutions
      have the same survival rate of 38%. In the serum substituted dogs,
      however,survival rate is significantly greater (83%). Very likely this is due to
      a greater buffer capacity preventing severe acidosis, which is observed in the
      animals treated with colloidal solutions.

PMID- 959133
TI  - [Tracheal rupture with fatal ending after excessive blockade of an endotracheal
      tube].

PMID- 959134
TI  - [Radioimmunological estimation of cardiac glycoside concentration in the plasma].
AB  - Radioimmunoassay is a simple method for estimating the concentration of cardiac
      glycosides in the blood. The technique is described. An condition of the accuracy
      of the estimation is that the drug levels in blood and tissue have reached
      equilibrium, since only then will the blood concentration accurately reflect the
      drug level in the tissues. The therapeutic plasma levels are 0.7 to 2.0 ng/ml for
      digoxin and 10-30 ng/ml for digitoxin. Indications for estimating the plasma
      glycoside levels are reviewed; they include suspected digitalis poisoning or
      intolerance, interaction of glycosides with other drugs and suspected negligence
      on the part of the patient to take the prescribed dose.

PMID- 959135
TI  - [Porphyria and anesthesia. A case report and a short review (author's transl)].
AB  - The most important facts for the anesthesiologist about porphyria are presented
      on the basis of an own case. The acute abdomen with unusual accompanying symptoms
      (tachycardia, neurologic and psychic disorders) should rise suspicion of possible
      porphyria. The clinical diagnosis is most important for the anesthesiologist,
      because barbiturates may cause fatalities in 50% of the cases. Halothane should
      be avoided, too. Every suspected case should be carefully investigated including
      the family. The symptomatic therapy of the severe porphyria-attack is presented
      in short.

PMID- 959136
TI  - [Radiological lung changes after thoracoabdominal surgery in the lateral
      decubitus position (author's transl)].
AB  - Radiological changes that may occur in the depenent lung when surgery is
      performed in the lateral position are generally of a transient nature; they
      disappear when the position of the patient is changed after the operation, but
      may, in some cases, be demonstrable post-operatively as atelectatic areas. From
      the second post-operative day onwards, and reaching a peak on the 5th post
      operative day, there is an increased incidence of ventilatory disturbances and
      infiltrations. The course and distribution of these pulmonary disturbances point
      to post-operative immobilization in the recumbent position as the main causal
      factor.

PMID- 959137
TI  - [Damages to the cricoid cartilage in longterm intubation].

PMID- 959138
TI  - [Surgical removal of a cerebral arterial aneurysm complicating renal failure;
      anaesthesiological and post-operative problems (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of cerebral arterial aneurysm associated with renal failure is reported
      which was treated by surgery. The anaesthesiological and post-operative problems
      are discussed. Surgery of the aneurysm is urgently indicated in these cases on
      account of the increased risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage due to heparinization
      during haemodialysis. Pre-operative replacement of haemodialysis by peritoneal
      dialysis is advisable to facilitate the treatment of cerebral oedema, maintain
      the electrolyte and water balance and ensure adequate post-operative enteral and
      parenteral feeding. The choice of anaesthetic technique, the use of controlled
      hypotension, the treatment of hypertensive crises, laboratory tests and the post
      operative care of these cases are discussed. Experience has shown that from the
      anaesthesiological point of view there is no contra-indication to neurosurgery or
      vascular surgery in cases of renal failure provided adequate precautions are
      taken.

PMID- 959139
TI  - [Intraoperative O2 measurements in Drager anesthesia devices].

PMID- 959140
TI  - [Acute renal impairment during rifampicin therapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 959141
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of Spontaneous Pneumo-thorax (author's transl)].

PMID- 959142
TI  - [Treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency after hypnotics poisoning].

PMID- 959143
TI  - [Clinical features and treatment of chest trauma (Restoration of pulmonary
      function) (author's transl)].

PMID- 959144
TI  - [Bronchopulmonary ememgencies in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 959145
TI  - [Syntropy between gastric and duodenal ulcers and tuberculosis? (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959146
TI  - [The use of inhalational corticoids (author's transl)].

PMID- 959147
TI  - [Hyposensitization of infective asthma; functional aspects (author's transl)].

PMID- 959148
TI  - [Intensive therapy of status asthmaticus (author's transl)].

PMID- 959149
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary embolism (author's transl)].

PMID- 959150
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of acute cardiac failure with pulmonary complications
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959151
TI  - [The importance of the acetylcholine test in the differential diagnosis of
      obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 959152
TI  - [Reversibility of obstructive respiratory disorders (author's transl)].

PMID- 959153
TI  - [A study of the risk of tuberculous infection in the student population of
      Gottingen University 1955-1985 (author's transl)].

PMID- 959154
TI  - [Mass radiography in Hessen (author's transl)].

PMID- 959155
TI  - [A long term study of tracheobronchomegaly in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 959156
TI  - [Five-drug therapy in addition to hormonal treatment in advance breast cancer
      metastatic to the lung (author's transl)].

PMID- 959157
TI  - [Advances in anti-tuberculosis therapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 959158
TI  - [The results of tubereulin testing in a medical ward (author's transl)].

PMID- 959159
TI  - [Treatment of an 8-year-old boy with acquired encopresis as the main symptom].

PMID- 959160
TI  - [Ambulatory therapy of a 2-year-old child, including parents and siblings].

PMID- 959161
TI  - [Therapy of the whole family using symbol interpretation].

PMID- 959162
TI  - [Danger of over-interpretation of the Hamburg-Wechsler intelligence test (HAWIK):
      problems of the application of supplemental evaluations].

PMID- 959163
TI  - [Home visits in the framework of child psychotherapy].

PMID- 959164
TI  - [Usefulness of parental evaluation of need for therapy and course of therapy in
      play therapy].

PMID- 959165
TI  - [Achievement anxiety and achievement in adolescents].

PMID- 959166
TI  - [Influencing the readiness for treatment of young prisoners using the
      "experimenter-subject" method].

PMID- 959167
TI  - [Dubiousness of the diagnosis "psychopathy"].

PMID- 959168
TI  - [Possible reasons for the lack of crawling in blind children and in children in
      orphanages].

PMID- 959169
TI  - [Guillain-Barre syndrome in children].
AB  - Twenty two cases of Guillian-Barre syndrome were studied at the Children's
      Hospital of the City of Morelia (State of Michoacan, Mexico), in a four-year
      period; such that number represents tow out 1 000 of the patients hospitalized in
      that length of time. The subject of this paper is to get acquainted with the
      clinical features of this syndrome in this part of the country, to establish the
      usefulness of the study of the spinal fluid and to know the evolution of the
      disease in relation to the treatment with corticoids. In all of our twenty two
      cases, there were coincidental features with the ones reported by others;
      eventhough, the statistics of this syndrome in the childhood are few. The
      dissociation between the amounts of albumin and the count of cells in the spinal
      fluid confirms the diagnosis, but its abscence is not enough to exclude it.
      Apparently, the clinical evolution of this disease is not modified by ths use of
      corticoids. Finally, the most moderns etiopathogenic concepts of this syndrome
      are reviewed as well as its probable etiological association with the infectious
      mononucleosis virus (Epstein-Barr's virus).

PMID- 959170
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of chrotamiton in scabies].

PMID- 959171
TI  - [Editorial: status of the internal medicine physician in Mexico].

PMID- 959172
TI  - [Renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 959173
TI  - [Colon perforation caused by amebas. Retrospective studies of 55 cases].

PMID- 959174
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and serum levels of renin].
AB  - Plasmatic renin levels were measured in 17 adults patients with diagnosis of
      diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. None of them was under
      antihypertensive therapy. The results obtained showed lessening of renin levels
      in 13 cases, normal levels in two cases, no valuable results in one and
      Significative increase in other. Renal biopsy was performed in 8 patients and in
      all cases nephropathies were demonstrated; only one of them had normal renin
      levels. We have concluded that more than 75% of our cases were hyporeninemic
      hypertensive patients. Our findings are according with other medical papers that
      have been published before. Finally, we try to explain the mechanisms upon which
      theorethical causes are based.

PMID- 959175
TI  - [Madelung's syndrome. Report of a clinical case].

PMID- 959176
TI  - [Serum lipids and electrophoresis of lipoproteins in the normal newborn infant].
AB  - The levels of plasma lipids and the values of the different electrophoretic
      fractions of lipoproteins were measured in cord blood of 300 new borns selected
      at random. The value found are expressed as me +/- S.D. (limits X +/-2s) and were
      the following: total cholesterol 80.4 +/- 17.5 (limits 45-115) mg./100 ml., LDL
      cholesterol (by precipitation) 33+/-11 (limits 11-55) mg./100 ml., betalipo
      protein (by immunodifusion) 142.7+/-26.4 (limits 90-195) mg./100 ml. and
      triglycerides 35+/-13 (limits 9-61) mg./100 ml. The figures for the different
      electrophoretic fractions of lipoproteins were expressed in per cent of the total
      area and were the following: betalipoproteins 42.9+/-10.3 (limits 22-63%),
      prebetalipoproteins 3.09+/-2.79 (limits 0-8.6%) and alphalipoproteins 53.8 +/-
      9.5 (limits 35-73%). The beta/alpha ratio was 0.91+/-0.33 (limits 0.25-1.6).

PMID- 959177
TI  - Comparison of methods for separating proteins using bisalbuminemia as a model.
AB  - Sera from bisalbuminemic chicken-turkey hybrids contain two albumins in equal
      amounts. These are observed as inherited electrophoretic variants and originate
      from the respective chicken and turkey parents. Sera from the hybrid birds served
      as a model system by which fractionating and indentification procedures for
      evaluating serum albumin variants were compared. The two albumins in the hybrid
      were isolated with preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and
      starch block preparative electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing of the hybrid
      albumins resulted in the isolation of the turkey albumin. Interference of
      ampholines prevented the complete isolation of the chicken albumin. The two
      albumins in the hybrid have identical molecular weights and cannot be identified
      by sedimentation coefficient, gel filtration behavior, or sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Because of the close relatedness
      the chicken and turkey albumins in the hybrid cross reacted with rabbit anti
      hybrid serum as well as with rabbit anti-chicken anti-turkey sera.

PMID- 959178
TI  - Phenol extraction of 28 S ribosomal RNA from rat liver cytoplasm.
AB  - A simple and reproducible phenol method for the isolation of 28 S ribosomal RNA
      from rat liver cytoplasm, free from poly(A)+/-RNA is described. The procedure is
      based on the observation that at lower pH of the homogenate (pH 5.5) 28 S
      ribosomal RNA is extracted, while 18 S ribosomal RNA remains in the interphase
      layer.

PMID- 959179
TI  - Interference by divalent metals in the preparation of soluble intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase with n-butanal.
AB  - Certain factors were found to prevent quantitative recovery of soluble alkaline
      phosphatase from homogenates of chick duodenal mucosa during treatment with n
      butanol. Divalent cations such as calcium, manganese and lead interfered when
      present at 0.1-0.2 mM. Magnesium and zinc were found to reduce enyme recovery
      when present at 1.0 mM during extraction. These metals had little effect on
      enzyme activity per se, whether added to the homogenates or enzyme extracts
      before dilution for assay. However, lead acetate may have a protective or
      activating effect on phosphatase, at 0.1-10 mM. Other factors affecting the
      recovery of enzyme activity after butanol solubilization are the state of
      dilution and pH of the homogenate and individual animal variation.

PMID- 959180
TI  - Affinity chromatography of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from dog lung.

PMID- 959181
TI  - The binding of asparagine, glutamine and homoserine to human erythrocytes
      containing hemoglobins S and CS and to soluble hemoglobins S and CS.
AB  - Tritium labeled asparagine binds to oxyhemoglobin S and to a mixture of
      hemoglobins C and S in the molar ratio of 3.38:1 and 8.2:1 respectively. From the
      dialysis equilibrium studies it appears that labeled asparagine does not bind to
      oxy- or deoxy- hemoglobin A nor to deoxyhemoglobin S. The constant for
      equilibrium association of asparagine for oxyhemoglobin S is 7.38 x 10(7) M(-1)
      and for oxyhemoglobin CS 4.8 X 10(4) M(-1) at 23 degrees C. Tritium labeled
      asparagine is bound to oxyhemoglobin S and CS sufficiently strongly to prevent
      dissociation under the conditions of gel electrophoresis at pH 9.50. The protein
      with and without bound asparagine, glutamine or homoserine, is indistinguishable
      in molecular net charge and size by the criteria of quantitative polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Also there were no significant differences in
      mobility between hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C in the presence and absence of
      asparagine, glutamine and homoserine as detectable in agar coated cellulose
      acetate electrophoresis at pH 6.3.

PMID- 959182
TI  - Changes in several hematologic and volemic indices in pregnant women with iron
      deficiency anemia.

PMID- 959183
TI  - [Erythroid production and intra-marrow hemolysis in patients with renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 959184
TI  - [Erythroid cells of the bone marrow in patients with agastric anemia].

PMID- 959185
TI  - E1Mechanical and acid resistance of the erythrocytes of patients with long-term
      obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 959186
TI  - [Antibodies fixed to the surface of peripheral blood erythrocytes in partial red
      cell aplasia of the bone marrow].

PMID- 959187
TI  - [A case of hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by a disorder in the fatty acid
      composition of erythrocyte membranes with signs of increased erythrocyte
      complement sensitivity].

PMID- 959189
TI  - [2 cases of hypoplastic anemia in closely related boys].

PMID- 959188
TI  - [A new case of the unstable hemoglobin Southampton--Casper(beta106) (G68) leucine
      -proline)].

PMID- 959190
TI  - [A rare case of anenteric B12-folate-iron deficiency anemia with a complicated
      symptom complex of protein, mineral and polyvitamin insufficiency following
      subtotal removal of the small intestine].

PMID- 959191
TI  - [Successful treatment of a patient having partial hypoplastic anemia with
      cyclophosphan].

PMID- 959192
TI  - [Use of a digital computer for studying erythrocyte kinetics].

PMID- 959193
TI  - [The clinical picture of drepanothalassemia].

PMID- 959194
TI  - [Possibilities and goals of clinical biochemistry in tuberculosis].

PMID- 959195
TI  - [Functional state of the liver and the metabolism of isoniazid and PASA in
      adolescents with intrathoracic tuberculosis].

PMID- 959196
TI  - [Use of a cryopreserved autoerythrocytic mass in the surgical treatment of
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 959197
TI  - [Circulating blood volume in tuberculosis patients undergoing spinal operations].

PMID- 959198
TI  - [Reactivation of the process after resection interventions in pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 959199
TI  - [Effect of the method of detecting pulmonary tuberculosis on the clinical aspects
      and immediate results of treatment].

PMID- 959200
TI  - [Treatment effectiveness in newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 959201
TI  - [Some characteristics of the differential diagnosis of coniotuberculosis].

PMID- 959202
TI  - [Lung developmental defects in tuberculosis].

PMID- 959203
TI  - [Work experience in tuberculosis control in Vizhnitsa District, Chernovtsy
      Province].

PMID- 959204
TI  - [Effect of combinations of trace elements and vitamins in inositol metabolism and
      the morphohistochemical indices in the isoniazid treatment of experimental
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 959205
TI  - [Interrelationships of pulmonary cancer and tuberculosis].

PMID- 959207
TI  - Tuberculoid leprosy.

PMID- 959206
TI  - Leprosy.

PMID- 959208
TI  - Lepromatous leprosy: dapsone resistance.

PMID- 959209
TI  - Penetration of the cervical lymph node system by cancer.

PMID- 959210
TI  - Management of metastases to the lymph glands of the neck.
AB  - The survival rate of matched pairs of patients, one patient in each pair being
      submitted to prophylactic neck dissection, the other to a policy of "wait and
      see" has been measured: there was no significant difference in the survival rates
      of the two groups. Surgery for most patients with a gland in the neck gives
      better results than radiotherapy, and can produce satisfactory results with such
      procedures as supraglottic laryngectomy to epiglottic tumours and replacement
      with the deltopectoral flap for tonsillar tumours. On the other hand, surgery is
      probably contraindicated for patients with antral carcinoma and a gland in the
      neck, whom it rarely cures. Surgery does not increase the survival of patients
      with bilateral glands in the neck (except those with supraglottic tumours) and
      its contraindicated. Surgery can prolong the survival of patients with nodes
      fixed to the skin, the mandible or the external carotid artery, and may
      occassionally cure such patients.

PMID- 959211
TI  - Block dissection of the neck for squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and lips.

PMID- 959212
TI  - The epidemiology of disasters.
AB  - Over the last few years there  has been an increasing awareness that some kind of
      disaster management should be possible. The emphasis is now moving from post
      disaster improvisation to predisaster preparedness. The League of Red Cross
      Societies has increasingly encouraged predisaster planning in countries at risk.
      A new United Nations agency - United Nations Disaster Relief Office (UNDRO)- has
      been set up with headquarters in Geneva. Coordination and exchange of information
      between agencies engaged in disaster relief are becoming the rule rather than the
      exception, and a number of groups have started with the specific objective of
      making professional expertise available to disaster management. A number of
      private initiatives have been taken, meetings have been organized, research
      centers set up, and research projects launched. The study of disasters needs to
      be approached on a multidisciplinary basis, the more so since the health
      component is only one part of the broad disaster problem and, perhaps not the
      major one. Social scientists, psychologists, administrators, economists,
      geographers, have been or are conducting a number of studies on natural
      disasters. These studies have provided new insights and have proved most useful
      in preparing for disasters and increasing the effectiveness and acceptance of
      relief operations. This is a vital and challenging field, wide open for research.
      It is now time for epidemiologists and community health scientists to enter the
      fray and provide much needed information on which a rational, effective and
      flexible policy for the management of disasters can be based.

PMID- 959213
TI  - Idiopathic oedema and prolactin.

PMID- 959214
TI  - Idiopathic hypopituitarism with biologically inactive TSH.

PMID- 959215
TI  - Glucagonoma syndrome in a young man.

PMID- 959216
TI  - Vertebral venography in disc disorders.

PMID- 959217
TI  - President's address. Some intrinsic and extrinsic factors predisposing to
      allergy.

PMID- 959218
TI  - Immune responses to mycobacteria in mice and men.
AB  - This paper contains discussion of a number of mechanisms which may explain the
      suppression of the cell-mediated immune response during the phase of
      dissemination of mycobacterial infection in mice and men. However, it is not yet
      possible to evaluate the relative importance of these mechanisms, or even to say
      which are the causes and which are the consequences of that disseminaton.

PMID- 959219
TI  - President's address. Optic atrophy in childhood.

PMID- 959220
TI  - Circulating malignant cells and fibrinolysis during resection of colorectal
      cancer.

PMID- 959221
TI  - The measurement of trace metals in man.

PMID- 959222
TI  - Zinc.

PMID- 959223
TI  - Measurement of trace elements in urine.

PMID- 959224
TI  - Disorders of ocular movement in hydrocephalus.

PMID- 959225
TI  - Limited elevation of one eye.

PMID- 959226
TI  - Cytological screening for cancer of the stomach.

PMID- 959227
TI  - Cytological screening for cancer of the breast.

PMID- 959228
TI  - Cytological screening for cancer of the bladder.

PMID- 959229
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as theumatoid arthritis (two cases).

PMID- 959230
TI  - Research methodology in psychotherapy--why bother?

PMID- 959231
TI  - Cutaneous cyptococcosis.

PMID- 959232
TI  - Postvagotomy diarrhea treated with cholestyramine.

PMID- 959233
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with polycythaemia rubra vera.

PMID- 959234
TI  - Haemochromatosis and arthritis.

PMID- 959235
TI  - Traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst.

PMID- 959236
TI  - Letter: Developmental assessment.

PMID- 959237
TI  - Letter: Geriatric services.

PMID- 959238
TI  - Letter: Cervical lymph node metastases.

PMID- 959239
TI  - Analytical studies on crystals of theophylline obtained at various conditions.

PMID- 959240
TI  - The influence of formulation on the percutaneous absorption of proflavine
      hemisulphate.

PMID- 959241
TI  - [The absolute configuration of (+)-6'-hydroxymethyllaudanosine and the optical
      purity of its 3-phenylisochromane derivatives].

PMID- 959242
TI  - [The detection of endotoxins in infusion solutions with the lumulus test in
      comparison to the pyrogen test in rabbits].

PMID- 959243
TI  - [Gas chromatographic identification of quinolizidine alkaloids in alkaloid raw
      extractions. 29. Legume alkaloids].

PMID- 959244
TI  - [The question of the occurrence of di- and triacetonamines in plants. Genista
      hystrix Lange. 30. Legume alkaloids].

PMID- 959245
TI  - [The nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon 13 (NMR13C) in the systematic study of
      seco-iridoid glucosides: confirmation of the structure of swertimamroside].

PMID- 959246
TI  - The effect of various sugars on the stability of 2-amino-6-methyl-5-oxo-4-n
      propyl-4,5-dihydro-s-triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine.

PMID- 959247
TI  - Biopharmaceutics of aminophylline suppositories. I. Introduction and in vitro
      melting behaviour.

PMID- 959248
TI  - [Mathematical modeling and optimizing pharmaceutical, technological quality
      control of drugs].

PMID- 959249
TI  - [Ophthalmic agents, microbiologic and biopharmaceutic aspects].

PMID- 959250
TI  - [A new approach to the analysis of enzyme-active principle interactions].

PMID- 959251
TI  - [In vitro permeation studies with natural (animal) membranes. 1. Membrane
      selection and the effect of repeated application on membrane permeability].

PMID- 959252
TI  - [Acetylsalicylic acid containing suppositories with lipophilik bases. 1.
      Manufacture by the molding process and investigation of physical parameters].

PMID- 959253
TI  - [Antimicrobial treatment of dermatologic preparations with peracetic acid. 1].

PMID- 959254
TI  - The use of ferric hydroxamate complexes for photocolorimetric determination of
      medicinals.

PMID- 959255
TI  - [Statistical analysis of biological test data: the possibility of rationalization
      of screening].

PMID- 959256
TI  - [UV-spectrophotometric determination of allantoin in pharmaceutical
      preparations].

PMID- 959257
TI  - [The alkaloid and steroid sapogenin content of Solanum globiferum].

PMID- 959258
TI  - [The biotransformation of 9,9-dioxopromethazine (Prothanon)].

PMID- 959259
TI  - [Thin layer chromatographic detection of s-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and2-amino
      1,2,4-triazole derivatives].

PMID- 959260
TI  - [Sulfonamides. 8. Sulfonamide derivatives of 1,2-diphenyl-3,5
      dioxopyrazolidines].

PMID- 959261
TI  - [Synthesis of amidinoquinolines and amidinoquinol-4-ones].

PMID- 959262
TI  - [Sulfonamides. 9. Sulfonamide derivatives of 1-phenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl-4
      carboxylic acid and 1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-pyrazolin-5-one-4-carboxylic acid].

PMID- 959263
TI  - [Synthesis fo asymmetric disubstituted urea and thiourea derivatives. 1].

PMID- 959264
TI  - [Synthesis of glucosides of 2-phenyl-1,3,4-oxdiazoline-5-thione. 56. Glycosides
      of heterocycles].

PMID- 959265
TI  - Synthesis of some quinazolone derivatives structurally related to certain
      sedatives and hypnotics.
AB  - The preparation of certain 3-substituted derivatives of 3.4-dihydro-2-methyl-4
      oxoquinazoline is described. The synthesis fo a quinazolone-barbituric acid
      derivative, in which the two constituting moieties are separated by methylene
      groups, was achieved by reacting 3-[B-haloethyl]-3.4-dihydro-2-methyl-4
      oxoquinazoline with sodio malonic ester and subsequent cyclization of the ester
      so formed with urea. Attempts to introduce the alpha-glutaryl group at the
      position 3 of the quinazolone ring system via different routes were unsuccessful.

PMID- 959266
TI  - [Synthesis of amidinobenzylaryl sulfides and sulfones and N-amidinobenzyl-N-aryl-
      and N-amidinobenzyl-N-aralkylamines].

PMID- 959267
TI  - [NMR studies of piperidinoacetanilides with pharmacologic activity].

PMID- 959268
TI  - The application of ferrihydroxamic complexes to photocolorimetric determination
      of drugs. Part 2: Quantitative determination of calcium pangamate (vitamin B15)
      and its calcium gluconate mixtures.
AB  - A quantitative method for calcium pangamate (Vitamin B15) and calcium gluconate
      determination, separately and in mixture, is proposed on the basis of the ferric
      hydroxamate procedure. The method may also be applied to the determination
      separately and in mixture, is proposed on the basis of the ferric of both
      preparations in mixture with various other substances which are not converted
      into lactone from in acid medium, and which the ferric hydroxamate procedure
      fails to develop.

PMID- 959269
TI  - [Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity of azaphtalimides].

PMID- 959270
TI  - [The effect of lipophilic emulsifiers on drug release from ointments. 2. Results
      from live rabbit skin and rats].

PMID- 959271
TI  - [Liberation of drugs from suspension salves. 8. Correlation of results of in
      vitro liberation with in vivo findings of biologic availability of prednisolone
      in salve bases].

PMID- 959272
TI  - [Acetylsalicylic acid suppositories with a lipophilic base. 2. Chemical stability
      of the active ingredient].

PMID- 959273
TI  - [How crystalline are "microcrystalline" cellulosis?"].

PMID- 959274
TI  - [The liberation of solubilized drugs fromsalve bases. 2. The effect of a
      solubilizing agent in the presence of Span 60 on the liberation of
      chloramphenicol from emulsion ointments].

PMID- 959275
TI  - [The physiology and biochemistry of Streptomycetes. 5. Isolation and
      identification of fatty acids from the macrolide antibiotic A 6599 (turimycin)].

PMID- 959276
TI  - [Synthesis of new urea- and thiourea- derivatives. 2. Substituted hippuric acid
      esters].

PMID- 959277
TI  - [Inhibition of alpha-chyjotrypsin gy benzamidine derivatives].

PMID- 959278
TI  - [Current problems in drug research. 10. Scientific and economic aspects of drug
      research].

PMID- 959279
TI  - [Decomposition of 4-amidinophenylpyruvic acid (APPA) under acidic conditions].

PMID- 959280
TI  - [Preparation and properties of bis-alpha-L-arabinofuranosides of cytotoxic
      phenols].

PMID- 959281
TI  - [A rapid method for determination of the sorption of drugs to low density
      polyethylene. 18. The problem of the insertion of artificial receptors for
      pharmaceutical preparations].

PMID- 959282
TI  - [The direct photometric determination of organic acids on paper chromatograms.
      29. The chemistry and physiology of metabolically important acids].

PMID- 959283
TI  - [In vitro permeation studies with natural (animal) membranes. 2. Stability
      studies and influence of non-ionic tensides on permeation].

PMID- 959284
TI  - [The liberation of drugs from suspension salves. 9. Relationship between drug
      dispersability and in vitro availability].

PMID- 959285
TI  - [The effect of trapidil (Rocornal) on the activity of the liver microsomal
      monooxygenase system].

PMID- 959286
TI  - [The bacteriostatic effect of beta aminoketones].

PMID- 959287
TI  - [The pharmacology of some 1,3-dioxolanes, 1,3-oxathiolanes and 1,3-dithiolanes].

PMID- 959288
TI  - [Studies on in vitro cultivated cells of organs with smooth musculature. 4. The
      contraction relationship of in vitro cultivated cells of the aorta and the
      urinary bladder of the rat].

PMID- 959289
TI  - [The preparation card file of the VEB Drug Works of Dresden--documentation of new
      and potential drugs].

PMID- 959290
TI  - [Molecular galenics. 4. Mechanochemical changes in the arrangement order of
      lactose by milling processes].

PMID- 959291
TI  - [Molecular galenics. 5. The compression limits of changes in the crystallinity of
      lactose].

PMID- 959292
TI  - [Molecular galenics. 6. Tablet formaton of activated bases for lactose].

PMID- 959293
TI  - [Effect of amines and hydrazines on benzoxazolinone and benzoxazolinthione].

PMID- 959294
TI  - The cyclodesulphurization of thio-compounds. Part 12: A new simple method for the
      synthesis of N-alpha-substituted benzimidazoles from thiourea derivatives.
AB  - A new facile method has been established for the synthesis of N-alpha-substituted
      benzimidazoles by cyclodesulphurization of various N-[2-amino]-phenyl-N'-alkyl, 
      aryl and -aralkylthiourea derivatives with mercuric salts. Besides mercuric
      chloride, the use of mercuric oxide and mercuric acetate was successful for the
      first time in effecting ring closure of thio-compounds. The attempted use of acid
      condensing agents showed phosphoryl chloride to be less efficient than mercuric
      salts in conducting the cyclization reactions and led to poor yields of cyclized
      products.

PMID- 959295
TI  - [Synthesis of amidinophenylarylketones and alpha substituted
      amidinoacetophenones].

PMID- 959296
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of certain volatile oils. Part 1: Assay for
      phenols in volatile oils of clove and thyme.
AB  - A differential spectrophotometric method was described for the assay of thyme and
      clove oils. The method is based on the relative absorbance measurement of the
      thymate or eugenate anions to the respective molecular thymol or eugenol in
      alcoholic medium. The results of the differential method, compared with those of
      the conventional method, are more accurate.

PMID- 959297
TI  - [UV-spectrophotometry in drug control. 18. New drugs with substituted benzene
      nucleii].

PMID- 959298
TI  - A preliminary study of the physical stability of tablets prepared from powders
      stored under tropical conditions.
AB  - A study has been made of the effects of storing powders under tropical conditions
      before compression on the physical stability of the tablets prepared from them,
      as measured by changes in tablet weight, volume and hardness. Significant changes
      in stability have been observed and these have been related to the different
      degrees of moisture uptake by the powders during storage. In addition, the
      initial powder storage conditions have been shown to be important when
      considering the best method of tablet manufacture with respect to tablet
      stability.

PMID- 959299
TI  - [Resorption studies with purines. 3. In vitro studies with the Sartorius
      resorption model according to Stricker (II)].

PMID- 959300
TI  - [Rheological study of a new emulsion-salve base. 2. Rheological stability,
      thermostability and reciprocal action with the active substance].

PMID- 959301
TI  - [Theoretical aspects of ascertaining parameters of action of biologically active
      compounds].

PMID- 959302
TI  - [In vitro studies on percutaneous resorption of systemic insecticidal
      organophosphorus compounds (OPC)].

PMID- 959303
TI  - Constitutents of Egyptian Euphorbiaceae. Part 2: Flavonoids of Euphorbia
      paralias.

PMID- 959304
TI  - Synthesis of 2-halogenobenzo[b]acridine-6.11.12-triones.

PMID- 959305
TI  - [Antimicrobial effects of an organic ammonium salt].

PMID- 959306
TI  - [Molecular galenics. 7. Mechanical activation of salves, an indirect proof of
      their quaternary structure].

PMID- 959307
TI  - [Molecular galenics. 8. Proof of H-bonding in structure-viscosity systems in the
      example of silicone dioxide gels].

PMID- 959308
TI  - Influence of phosphoserine on the performance of rats on the rotarod.
AB  - The anti-fatigue effect of phosphoserine, L-serine and a mixture of sodium
      phosphate and L-serine has been studied in rats. Phosphoserine orally
      administered induced a statistically significant anti-fatigue effect in rats of
      both sexes submitted to a training test by rotarod, with 14 sessions in 3 days.
      Furthermore, phosphoserine was utilized better than the mixture of sodium
      phosphate and L-serine, whereas L-serine alone induced no effect. Therefore the
      effect of phosphoserine seems to be due to the phosphoryl bond.

PMID- 959309
TI  - Effects of caffeine and ethanol on the blood-brain barrier in rats.
AB  - In rats, pretreatment with caffeine or ethanol shortens the duration of the
      harmine tremor and decreases the brain concentrations of this alkaloid. Caffeine
      and ethanol do not influence the plasma concentration of harmine, its plasma
      protein binding and its cerebral concentration at the termination of the tremor.
      The findings are regarded as indicative of a reduction by caffeine and ethanol of
      the blood-brain barrier permeability to harmine.

PMID- 959310
TI  - The structure-action relationship and kinetics of some naloxone and naltrexone
      derivatives.
AB  - The isolated longitudinal muscle preparation (with attached Auerbach plexus) of
      the guinea pig ileum was used to investigate the structure activity relationship
      and kinetics of some naloxone and naltrexone derivatives and that of cyclazocine.
      The agonist used for the investigation of the antagonistic effect of these
      compounds was 6-azidomorphine (AM). AM was found to be an about 20 times more
      potent agonist than morphine. In contrast to cyclazocine, which also was found to
      be approximately 15 times more potent agonist than morphine, naloxone had no
      demonstrable agonistic activity and naltrexone and the various naloxone and
      naltrexone derivatives had only insignificant agonistic activity with ED50/Ke
      ratios ranging from 2,000 to about 120,000. All compounds tested were competitive
      reversible antagonists of AM. 6-Methylene substitution caused an approximate 50
      and 100% increase of the antagonistic activity of naloxone and naltrexone,
      respectively, and decreased the duration of action of naloxone. 3-Acetate or 3
      nicotinate substitution decreased potency and had no effect on the duration of
      naloxone action. There is a correlation between tachyphylaxis observed on the
      inhibition of longitudinal muscle contraction and antagonist activity of narcotic
      agonists.

PMID- 959311
TI  - Effect of bombesin, a natural tetradecapeptide, on myoelectrical and mechanical
      activity of isolated, ex vivo perfused, canine stomach.
AB  - Electrical and mechanical activity were recorded from the canine stomach,
      isolated and ex vivo perfused with homologous blood. The action of Bombesin, a
      natural tetradecapeptide, was compared with the action of pentagastrin,
      methacholine and electrical stimulation on the electrical and mechanical activity
      of this isolated preparation. All drugs used and vagal stimulation resulted in
      premature control potentials, uncoupling of the normal phase locked pattern of
      electrical control activity, appearance of response activity and appearance of
      mechanical reaction. These responses were blocked or decreased by atropine,
      tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium. It appears that the neural release of
      acetylcholine is implicated in the mechanism of action of Bombesin
      gastrointestinal motility.

PMID- 959312
TI  - In vivo and in vitro studies on the effect of tetrahydropapaveroline and
      salsolinol on COMT and MAO activity in rat brain.
AB  - Studies were made on COMT and MAO activity in rats 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after
      intraperitoneal treatment with 8 and 60 mg/kg doses of tetrahydropapaveroline
      (THP), and 10 and 20 days after treatment with 8 mg/kg/day. Results suggested
      COMT activity inhibition only after 2 h of treatment. Experiments were also
      performed on THP and salsolinol methylation capacity in vitro. Results showed
      that both alkaloids use COMT enzymes for methylation and can also act as
      competitive inhibitors of COMT and MAO activity.

PMID- 959313
TI  - Effect of glucagon on myoelectrical and mechnical activity of the isolated
      homologous perfused porcine stomach.
AB  - Totally isolated whole porcine stomachs, perfused extracorporeally with
      homologous blood, were used for recording gastric electrical and mechanical
      activity. Hormones Hormones were administered into the arterial system of the
      isolated organ. Pentagastrin, methacholine and electrical stimulation of the
      vagus nerve induced premature control potentials with uncoupling of the normal,
      phase-locked, pattern of electrical control activity and also produced electrical
      response activity and mechanical reaction. When glucagon was infused a
      progressive decrease of frequency of the cycles of electrical control activity
      was observed. Glucagon also abolished electrical response activity and mechanical
      activity, if they were present prior to hormone infusion. When pentagastrin,
      methacholine or electrical stimulation were applied during the infusion of
      glucagon, the responses to these stimulants were decreased or absent. The
      inhibitory action of glucagon was dependent on the duration of infusion of this
      hormone and lasted for 30-45 min after the infusion was discontinued. During
      infusion of glucagon the mean gastric arterial perfusion pressure and gastric
      peripheral vascular resistance were reduced.

PMID- 959314
TI  - Effects of diphenhydramine, naphazoline and m-amino-alpha(1-aminoethyl)benzyl
      alcohol dihydrochloride on the nasal mucosa determined by impedance method: a
      simple method for evaluation of nasal decongestant.
AB  - A simple, new method was devised for evaluating nasal decongestants. In
      anesthetized dogs, two needle electrodes were inserted bilaterally into the
      superficial mucosa of the nasal wings. An impedance plethysmorgraphy provided
      with a DC output was used to measure impedance between the two electrodes. When
      1% histamine solution was sprayed into a nostril focusing on the inside mucosa of
      a nasal wing, impedance decreased markedly and thereafter recovered to a control
      level within 1-1.5 h. Comparable responses were obtained when the same solution
      was sprayed into the opposite nostril. The drugs to be tested were administered
      intravenously or topically between these two histamine application. Intravenous
      administrations of diphenhydramine (0.5 mg/kg) and m-amino-alpha)1-aminoethyl)
      benzyl alcohol dihydrochloride (0.1 mg/kg) inhibited the histamine effect
      completely. Pretreatment with naphazoline administered topically also inhibited
      impedance changes cause by histamine application. Local appliations of
      acetycholine (10%) and bradykinin (0.1%) did not change nasal impedance
      significantly in any instances.

PMID- 959315
TI  - Effects of ethanol on compound action potential and refractory periods of toad
      sciatic nerve.
AB  - The action of ethanol on compound action potential, refractory periods and
      chronaxia are analyzed in 28 isolated sciatic nerves of toads. 85 mM ethanol
      increases the compound action potential and decreases the refractory periods. 342
      and 513 mM ehtanol decrease the compound action potential and increase the
      absolute and relative refractory periods. These biphasic effects are discussed in
      relation with changes in Na+ and K+ permeabilities and to the greater sensitivity
      of thin fibers to the chemicals.

PMID- 959316
TI  - Alkali metal ions and ethanol narcosis in mice.
AB  - The effect of an equimolar dose of LiCl, RbCl or CsCl on the depressant action of
      ethanol (ETOH) was studied as a function of duration of ETOH-mediated narcosis in
      mice. The alkali metal ions were administered acutely or semi-chronically prior
      to the administration of a narcotic dose of ETOH. Semi-chronic treatment with
      RbCl or CsCl resulted in decreased duration of ETOH-mediated narcosis, which was
      persistent for 5 days after discontinued administration of RbCl and CsCl.
      Conversely, a prolongation of ETOH-produced narcosis in Li-treated mice occured
      only when ETOH was shortly administered after sub-chronic regiments of LiCl. Semi
      chronic treatment with an equimolar dose of LiCl, RbCl or CsCl produced little
      changes in the specific activities of liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase.
      It is concluded that both Rb+ and Cs+ possess antidepressant properties and might
      be useful agents in negating the depressant action of ETOH and/or some of its
      toxic manifestations.

PMID- 959317
TI  - Relative lipolytic activities of selected catecholamines in the mouse.
AB  - The adipokinetic activities, relative to isoproterenol as 1,000, in sedated,
      phenoxybenzamine pretreated unfasted mice were: norepinephrine 540, epinephrine
      330, N-t-butylnorepinephrine 130, isoetharine 30 and N-cyclopentylbutanefrine 10.
      These relative activities correlate (r=0.88) with the medians of some previously
      defined beta1-adrenoceptor activities, but not (r=less than 0.1) with the medians
      of some previously defined beta2-adrenoceptor activities. These findings are in
      accord with the previously suggested view that an alpha, beta1-, beta2-,
      adrenoceptor concept is in better accord with experimental evidence that is an
      alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor one.

PMID- 959318
TI  - Splanchnic vascular responses to the infusion of prostaglandins A1, A2 and B1.
AB  - The effects of PGA1, PGA2 and PGB1 on the vasculature of the liver and small
      intestine were studied in 73 dogs. Infusions were made into a branch of the
      superior mesenteric artery, the hepatic artery, portal vein or femoral vein. They
      decreased systemic arterial pressure and dilated the hepatic arterial and
      prehepatic splanchnic (small intestinal) vascular beds, PGA being most active.
      Dilator response was not decreased by beta-adrenergic blockade. Compounds appear
      to be inactivated by liver and decreased systemic pressure less when infused
      directly into liver circulation. Dilator response was transient, particulary in
      small intestine, and abated or even converted to constriction when infusion was
      continued for a period of time. Intrahepatic portal venous vasculature appeared
      to be constricted by PGA.

PMID- 959319
TI  - Assessment of methodology in single-dose studies of digoxin bioavailability.
AB  - Eight healthy males received 0.75 mg of digoxin by ten modes of administration in
      a single-dose multicrossover bioavilability study. Digoxin concentration in
      multiple blood samples drawn after each dose and in six consecutive 24-hour urine
      collections were used to calculate the areas under the 4-, 8-, and 24-hour serum
      concentration curve (A-4, A-8, A-24), and the excretion of digoxin during 1 day
      (U-1) and 6 days (U-6) following each dose. All five methods of assessment gave
      very similar information on bioavailability. Individual values of A-4 and A-8
      were highly correlated (r=0.973) and had similar variability. A-24 was more
      variable than A-4 and A-8, and was not as well correlated with either. U1- and U
      6 were highly correlated (r=0.944), and had nearly identical variability which
      was less than that of any of the area measures. Thus, urinary excreation data
      provides more reliable and reproducible information about completeness of
      absorption of digoxin than data based upon serum concentrations. Extending the
      period of urine collection beyond 1 day or the blood sampling period beyond 4 or
      8 h does not enhance the reliability or usefulness of digoxin bioavailability
      studies.

PMID- 959320
TI  - Electrophysiological studies of 6-(N,N-diethylamino)-Hexyl-3,4,5,
      Trimethoxybenzoate on ventricular muscle and conduction system.
AB  - The agent, 6-(N,N-diethylamino)-hexyl- 3, 4, 5,-Trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-6) which
      relaxes smooth and skeletal muscle by interfering with intracellular Ca ++
      availability was tested for its electrophysiological effects on canine cardiac
      Purkinje fibres and feline papillary muscles. In both tissues the drug causes a
      decrease in resting membrane potential and action potential amplitude as well as
      spontaneous rate in Purkinje fibres, and an increase in stimulus needed to reach
      threshold. The minimum effective dose for both tissues was similar at 7.32 x 10-5
      M. The drug effects were reversible in both tissues upon removal of the TMB-6.
      The Ca++ -dependent action potentials of canine cardiac Purkinje fibres were also
      inhibited by TMB-6 at dose range of 7.32 x 10-5 -24.4 x 10-5 M. Because of its
      electro physiological effects of threshold, automaticity and "slow response"
      action potentials and its reversibility, TMB-6 could become a useful
      antiarrhythmic drug.

PMID- 959321
TI  - The effect of denervation upon the in vitro incorporation of adenosine-8-3H into
      3H-adenine nucleotides in the guinea-pig vas deferens.
AB  - After denervation of the guinea-pig vas deferens (1, 2, 4 and 8 days) there is a
      profound fall in the endogenous levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) initially
      to 54% of control at day 1, with a subsequent rise to 80% by day 8 post
      operatively. Theoretically, alterations in the synthetic rate of ATP formation or
      its utilization could account for the changes in endogenous ATP concentration.
      These possibilities were evaluated in the present study. Using an in vitro
      incubation system and adenosine-8-3H as a precursor, experiments demonstrated the
      feasibility of labeling the synthetic pathway primarily as 3H-AMP, 3H-ADP and 3H
      ATP with the latter nucleotide constituting the largest fraction. This
      incorporation into 3H-nucleotides was linear with time up to 30 min and was
      dependent on the concentration of adenosine-8-3H used. Studies on the
      incorporation of adenosine-8-3H at 1, 2, 4 and 8 days after denervation showed no
      difference in the ability of innervated and denervated vasa deferentia to
      accumulate total 3H-nucleotides, although there was an alteration in 3H-AMP
      metabolism in the denervated tissue. Possible explanations for the alteration in
      3H-AMP metabolism are discussed. A change in the rate of utilization rather than
      a change in rate of synthesis, is suggested as an explanation for the alterations
      in ATP content observed after denervation.

PMID- 959322
TI  - The effect of aminophylline on pentagastrin-induced secretion and motor activity
      of totally isolated canine stomach perfused extracorporeally.
AB  - Totally isolated canine stomachs, perfused extracorporeally with homologous blood
      of living oxygenerator-dogs, were used for the study of gastric secretion.
      Aminophylline and pentagastrin were infused into the gastric arterial system
      separately or combined. Aminophylline, infused alone, did not stimulate gastric
      secretion. However when aminophylline was administered during the infusion of
      pentagastrin, it significantly augmented the action of this peptide on gastric
      acid secretion. Aminophylline did not alter myoelectrical and mechanical response
      to pentagastrin nor did it affect the myoelectrical activity of the nonstimulated
      stomach. Gastric arterial perfusion pressure and gastric peripheral resistance
      were reduced during infusion of aminophylline alone or in combination with
      pentagastrin.

PMID- 959323
TI  - The reversal of clonidine-induced hypotension by protriptyline and desipramine.
AB  - The present paper deals with further studies on the interaction between clonidine
      and tricyclic antidepressants. The pronounced central hypotensive action of 1 mug
      clonidine/kg, administered into the left vertebral artery of chloralose
      anaesthetized cats was readily reversed by protriptyline (300 mug/kg), infused
      via the same route shortly after the development of the maximum hypotensive
      effect of clonidine. In earlier studies it has been demonstrated that
      pretreatment with tricyclic antidepressants significantly diminishes the central
      hypotensive action of clonidine. This interaction has been presumed to occur at
      the level of central alpha-adrenoreceptors, where clonidine would be the agonist
      and tricyclic antidepressants the antagonist. The present findings suggest that a
      competitive antagonism at the central level, which can occur in either sense, may
      be involved.

PMID- 959324
TI  - Different toxic effects of ouabain and 16-epi-gitoxin on Purkinje fibres and
      ventricular muscle fibres.
AB  - Action potentials of isolated Purkinje fibres and ventricular muscle fibres of
      canine hearts treated with ouabain and 16-epi-gitoxin were recorded by
      microelectrodes. Under the influence of both glycosides, Purkinje system fibres
      became inexcitable earlier than ventricular muscle fibres. Being exposed to 0.125
      muM ouabain and 2.5 muM 16-epi-gitoxin, both Purkinje and ventricular muscle
      fibres became poisoned in the same time as ventricular muscle fibres exposed to
      0.1 muM ouabain and 1.5 muM 16-epi-gitoxin. At the lower 16-epi-gitoxin
      concentration Purkinje fibres had 2.5 times the survival time of that exposed to
      the lower ouabain concentration. Compared to 16-epi-gitoxin the inexcitability of
      Purkinje fibres after ouabain remained irreversible. The semisynthetic glycoside
      16-epi-gitoxin exerts a weaker effect on the specialized conducting system.

PMID- 959325
TI  - Antinociceptive and stimulant effects of morphine after chemical sympathectomy.
AB  - The modifications produced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the analgesic and
      toxic effects of morphine have been studied in mice and cats. After intracerebral
      injections of 6-OHDA, mice had a lower threshold for morphine-induced
      convulsions. Morphine analgesia assayed by the phenylquinone test was apparently
      antagonized in the 6-OHDA pretreated mice, but the 6-OHDA mice showed more
      reactivity to the phenylquinone. Intraventricular injection of 6-OHDA in cats
      produced an acute syndrome with mydriasis, bradycardia, bradypnea, hypothermia
      and EEG slowing, which subsided after several days, 6-OHDA was successful in
      blocking the morphine mania, but the animals died within 24 h.

PMID- 959326
TI  - Management of adult poliomyelitis patients in the Solomon Islands.
AB  - An account is given of a realistic rehabilitation service for the treatment of
      crawling adult poliomyelitic patients in an area of the developing world. A
      classification of the crawling patterns encountered is presented. The simple
      methods by which rehabilitation was carried out for 120 patients are described.
      Methods consisted of surgery to straighten and align the lower limbs when
      necessary, the fitting of inexpensive appliances, and the teaching of crutch
      walking. At long-term review, 80 percent of the patients had responded
      satisfactorily to treatment. Rehabilitation in an economically and medically poor
      country can be justified.

PMID- 959327
TI  - Electromagnetic field interference and cardiac pacemakers.
AB  - The physical and physiological effects of electromagnetic field interference on
      440 patients with cardiac pacemakers were determined by reviewing the literature
      from 1949 to 1973. The sources, mechanisms, and findings of physiological
      dysfunction and ventricular fibrillation in patients with pacemakers are
      presented. Shortwave and microwave diathermy and electrical stimulators have been
      found to have a definite adverse influence on some cardiac pacemakers. The effect
      of interference may be an increase or decrease in pacemaker rate or rhythm,
      ventricular fibrillation, a total loss of pacing, or cessation of impulses.
      Because all pacemaker units are not resistant to interference, no ungrounded
      electrical equipment and no equipment such as microwave diathermy, short wave
      diathermy, and electrical stimulators should be placed on, or near, a patient
      with a cardiac pacemaker.

PMID- 959328
TI  - Metabolic energy cost of unrestrained walking.
AB  - Physiologic factors of metabolic energy cost as well as selected mechanical
      characteristics of gait are described in a group of 40 presumably normal men and
      women between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Special emphasis was placed on
      unrestrained (free cadence) walking to provide a reliable baseline for comparison
      to persons with physical gait impairments. Velocity of walking was the most
      important factor in determining oxygen uptake and was independent of age or sex.
      An empirical equation was established relating oxygen uptake to the speed of
      walking. The average velocity for men in unrestrained walking trials was 89
      meters per minute; for women 74 meters per minute. These differences were related
      to the greater stride length in men. The average cadence selected by both sexes
      was 116 steps per minute. None of these factors was age dependent. Of the
      physiologic measures only systolic blood pressure was age dependent predictably
      rising with age. The mean heart rate was 103 beats per minute and did not vary
      significantly between men and women. The mean respiratory rate was 19 per minute;
      the mean respiratory quotient, 0.85, neither being age or sex dependent. Oxygen
      uptake values averaged 12.95 ml/kg-min for the population studied and again were
      neither age nor sex dependent.

PMID- 959329
TI  - Cardiac rehabilitation in Germany.
AB  - The concept of cardiac reconditioning centers for the prevention and
      rehabilitation of coronary patients has been tremendously successful in Germany
      over the past 20 years. At least 40 such centers are located throughout the
      country. Physicians, nurses, and physical therapists work closely together in the
      various facets of the rehabilitation process. The financial backing for these
      facilities is primarily through governmental and regional insurance companies,
      whose officials are apparently convinced that in the long run supporting
      preventive measures is financially sound. Objective data supporting their
      convictions come from studies such as that of Brusis, who showed that such as
      that of 1,500 employees was diminished by nearly 70 percent during a two-year
      period after cardiac reconditioning, as compared to a similar time period before
      the rehabilitation experience. Subjective benefits, which are extremely difficult
      to quantitate in meaningful terms, were nonetheless expressed by nearly all the
      patients with whom I conversed. Perhaps they have experienced the same feelings
      that Mark Twain did when he observed that "all frets and worries and chafings
      sank to sleep in the presence of the benignant serenity of the Alps; the Great
      Spirit of the Mountains breathed his own peace upon their hurt minds and sore
      hearts and healed them."

PMID- 959330
TI  - Orthosis for geriatric patients with vertebral fracture.

PMID- 959331
TI  - Letter: Weight bearing on a tilt table.

PMID- 959332
TI  - Bronchial drainage with aerosol medications in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Examined in this study are the immediate effects of bronchial drainage preceded
      by the inhalation of aerosol solutions of a mucolytic agent, a bronchodilator,
      and their combination upon four measures of pulmonary function in 20 patients
      with cystic fibrosis. On three separate occasions, pulmonary function was tested
      preceding and following treatments consisting of one of the above three aerosol
      solutions followed by bronchial drainage. The order of solutions used was random
      and each subject received one treatment with each solution. The greatest overall
      improvement in function was seen with the bronchodilator and bronchial drainage.
      The combination of the bronchodilator/mucolytic agents and bronchial drainage was
      the next most effective technique. The mucolytic agent, when used alone with
      bronchial drainage, decreased function. Comparison of the pulmonary function
      scores indicated a significant difference among the three treatments.

PMID- 959333
TI  - Proposed role of the alpha subunit of the 7 S nerve growth factor protein:
      implications for the regulation of NGF activity.
AB  - Four electrophoretically distinct alpha subunits can be isolated from mouse 7 S
      nerve growth factor protein (7 S NGF). It is proposed that each alpha subunit
      confers on its 7 S NGF species a different dissociation constant, and that the
      heterogeneity in dissociation constants of the different 7 S NGF species provide
      a mechanism for regulating the structure of betaNGF. A hypothesis that the
      different betaNGF structures have altered receptor affinities and/or
      physiological properties which can functionally differentiate NGF activity is
      also presented.

PMID- 959334
TI  - Effect of norepinephrine on the phospholipid composition of blood plasma and red
      blood cells in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - The phospholipid composition of blood plasma and erythrocytes from artery,
      hepatic venous, and sagittal sinus blood was investigated in dogs under
      pentobarbital anesthesia both before and after continuous infusion of
      norepinephrine. Norepinephrine infusion caused a very significant increase of
      phosphatidylglycerol (GPG) in the erythrocytes and plasma from arterial blood.
      Other phospholipids were not affected by the infusion. Significant release of GPG
      across the brain and splanchnic area was noted both in plasma and erythrocytes
      prior to, but not following, norepinephrine infusion. The importance of the
      differences between the respective phospholipid compositions of erythrocytes and
      plasma is emphasized. The biologic significance of the changes of the
      phospholipids, particularly of GPG during stress, is discussed.

PMID- 959335
TI  - Tumor imaging in a live animal by focusing NMR (FONAR).

PMID- 959336
TI  - Membrane capacitance changes during excitation.

PMID- 959337
TI  - Proton magnetic resonance (PMR) studies of water in dimethyl sulfoxide perfused
      rat myocardium.
AB  - Time-dependent studies of the PMR linewidths and spin-lattice relaxation times
      (T1) of rat myocardium perfused with chemically-defined tissue culture medium
      containing 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (v/v) were performed. In comparison with
      "normal" myocardium samples and samples from hearts perfused without DSMO,
      linewidths initially increased following perfusion of the hearts with 15% DMSO
      solution. However, the increase was observable only during the first five minutes
      following perfusion, subsequently narrowing considerably. A minimum T1 was
      obtained 30 minutes post-treatment. The experiments indicate translocation of
      intracellular water into bulk-like presumably extracellular water, thus
      suggesting a cellular dehydration effect of DMSO.

PMID- 959338
TI  - Hyperactivity and deficits in problem solving following superior colliculus
      lesions in the rat.

PMID- 959339
TI  - Lesion artifact in brain stimulation experiments.

PMID- 959340
TI  - Effects of hormones and lactation on gerbils that seldom scent mark
      spontaneously.

PMID- 959341
TI  - Shock-induced activity changes, adrenal lipid depletion and brain weight in mice:
      a genetic study.

PMID- 959342
TI  - Effects of carbon monoxide on responding under a progressive ratio schedule in
      rats.

PMID- 959343
TI  - Ontogeny of sex differences in open-field behavior and sensitivity to electric
      shock in the rat.

PMID- 959344
TI  - [Functional properties of negatively reinforcing fiber systems: a behavioral
      study (author's transl)].

PMID- 959345
TI  - Relationship of wheel-running activity to post-wheel running plasma testosterone
      and corticosterone levels: a behavior-genetic analysis.

PMID- 959346
TI  - Taste bud distribution and regional responsiveness on the anterior tongue of the
      rat.

PMID- 959347
TI  - Mother-infant interaction in mice bulbectomised early in life.

PMID- 959348
TI  - Caloric compensation in rats with combined lesions in lateral and ventromedial
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 959349
TI  - Effects of hunger, satiety and glucose load upon taste intensity and taste
      hedonics.

PMID- 959350
TI  - Reaction times and their left-to-right differences in bilateral symmetrical
      movements.

PMID- 959351
TI  - Analgesic effect of vaginal stimulation in rats: modulation by graded stimulus
      intensity and hormones.

PMID- 959352
TI  - Theta EEG activity and memory processes in rats.

PMID- 959353
TI  - Activity monitor for small animals.

PMID- 959354
TI  - [Unit recording in free moving rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 959355
TI  - Simple penthrane (methoxy-fluorane) - air anesthesia system for small mammals.

PMID- 959356
TI  - Haloperidol blocks an alpha adrenergic receptor in the reticulo-cortical
      inhibitory input.

PMID- 959357
TI  - A low-cost timing device for increasing the versatility of physiological
      stimulators.

PMID- 959358
TI  - Emergence tests in testosterone-treated chicks.

PMID- 959359
TI  - Diagnosis in old people.

PMID- 959360
TI  - Nutrition of the elderly.

PMID- 959361
TI  - Incontinence.

PMID- 959363
TI  - Humidification with controlled oxygen therapy.

PMID- 959362
TI  - Use of therapeutic ultrasound.

PMID- 959364
TI  - Hemiplegia in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 959365
TI  - The physical management of children with hemiplegia.

PMID- 959366
TI  - Orthopaedic management of infantile hemiplegia.

PMID- 959367
TI  - Emotional deprivation and neglect in child patients.

PMID- 959368
TI  - Boots with reversed wedges.

PMID- 959369
TI  - [Activity of the tincture of Centranthus ruber administered orally].

PMID- 959370
TI  - Minor alkaloids of Araliopsis tabouensis.

PMID- 959371
TI  - Flavonoidal and other compounds of Salvia aethiopis.

PMID- 959372
TI  - Effects of Hibiscus rosa sinensis on pregnancy of rats.

PMID- 959373
TI  - Indole alkaloids in plant hallucinogens.

PMID- 959374
TI  - psi-Taraxasterol acetate from Inula viscosa.

PMID- 959375
TI  - [Alkaloids of Myrtopsis sellingii; a new alkaloid, myrtopsine (author's transl)].

PMID- 959376
TI  - Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and scopolamine in Datura ferox
      growing in Argentina.

PMID- 959377
TI  - Histochemical study of the stalked glandular hairs of the female Cannabis plants,
      using fast blue salt.

PMID- 959378
TI  - Constituents of the bark of Malouetia glandulifera.

PMID- 959379
TI  - [Fluorescence microscopic investigations on the localisation of acridone
      alkaloids in the organs of Ruta graveolens (author's transl)].

PMID- 959380
TI  - The structure of an arabinogalactan from the leaves of Symplocos spicata.

PMID- 959381
TI  - Alkaloids of Alstonia scholaris from Thailand.

PMID- 959382
TI  - Cardamonin and alpinetin from the seeds of Amomum subulatum.

PMID- 959383
TI  - [A new method for the quantitative determination of some important glycosides in
      drug extracts of Digitalis lanata (author's transl)].

PMID- 959384
TI  - Antitumor activity of Sesbania vesicaria, S. punicea, and S. drummondii seed
      extracts.

PMID- 959385
TI  - [Production of indole alkaloids in tissue cultures of Catharanthus roseus
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959386
TI  - A colorimetric method for the estimation of judaicin, bitter principle of
      Artemisia judaica.

PMID- 959387
TI  - A comparative analysis of essential oils from several wild species of Salvia.

PMID- 959388
TI  - Isolation of ingenol from the irritant and cocarcinogenic latex of Euphorbia
      seguieriana.

PMID- 959389
TI  - The mechanism of purgative action of geniposide, an iridoid glucoside of the
      fruit of Gardenia, in mice.

PMID- 959390
TI  - [Alkaloids of Annonaceae: alkaloids of Xylopia pancheri (author's transl)].

PMID- 959391
TI  - [Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from Nigella damascena seeds (author's transl)].

PMID- 959392
TI  - On the rate of extraction of magnesium from dried plants with water.

PMID- 959393
TI  - Mexican medicinal plants. XXVIII. Isolation of 5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxy
      flavone from Turnera diffusa.

PMID- 959394
TI  - Complex ellagitannins from Tellima grandiflora.

PMID- 959395
TI  - [Substances of species of the subfamily Wurmbaeoideae and their derivatives.
      LXXXI. Alkaloids of Colchicum autumnale, C. latifolium and C. macedonicum of
      Yugoslavian origin (author's transl)].

PMID- 959396
TI  - Phenolic constituents of Taxus baccata leaves.

PMID- 959397
TI  - Flower alkaloids of Alstonia scholaris.

PMID- 959398
TI  - New methods in the cultivation of Valeriana officinalis.

PMID- 959399
TI  - Biological evaluation of algal filtrates.

PMID- 959401
TI  - Some advice, sage and otherwise.

PMID- 959400
TI  - Gas liquid chromatographic separation and identification of the constituents of
      caraway seed oil. I. The monoterpene hydrocarbons.

PMID- 959402
TI  - Face-lift operation: the patient's secret motivations and reactions to "informed
      consent".

PMID- 959403
TI  - Observations on the myth of "informed consent".
AB  - A series of 100 patients in a general plastic surgery population were interviewed
      by standard format to determine their retention rate of preoperative information
      given to them. An overall recall, or retention rate, of 35 percent was found.

PMID- 959404
TI  - Surgical treatment of impotence in the male. An 18-year experience with 250
      penile implants.
AB  - We have treated more than 250 cases of impotence by inserting a penile rod. The
      implant has been modified intermittently, and it currently consists of a two
      piece rod with a Y-shaped proximal portion to provide greater stability. Most of
      the patients we treated have been satisfied with the results of the surgery, and
      would have it repeated. Therefore, we feel that this prosthesis is an excellent
      one for treating male impotence.

PMID- 959405
TI  - The value of routine breast biopsy at the time of augmentation mammaplasty.
AB  - A series of patients who had biopsies of breast nodules during augmentation
      mammaplasty is reviewed. We conclude that such procedures performed for discrete
      lesions yield valuable information. In this series, the biopsies did not result
      in an increased rate of complications.

PMID- 959406
TI  - The minimal cleft lip.

PMID- 959407
TI  - The Byars hypospadias repair. A review of 253 consecutive patients.
AB  - Of 253 consecutive hypospadias repairs by various surgeons, using the Byars
      technique, 57 (22 percent) had postoperative fistulae; 41 required one operation,
      9 required two operations, and 7 required more than two operations for closure of
      these fistulae. Other complications were infrequent. When performed either by
      attending or resident physicians, the Byars hypospadias repair produced complete
      correction of the chordee, a urethra of satisfactory length and caliber, normal
      penile appearance, and a fistula rate comparable to that reported after other
      procedures.

PMID- 959408
TI  - Long-term results of the island flap palatal pushback.
AB  - We analyzed all 104 island flap pushback palatal repairs done through our Facial
      Rehabilitation Clinic in the period from 1965 to 1971. The results were compared
      to those in a group of 109 standard pushback repairs. The island flap group had a
      higher incidence of operative complications, of velopharyngeal insufficiency, and
      of secondary procedures to correct the latter. (The differences between the two
      groups were not statistically significant, however.) In this group of patients
      the island flap repair offered no particular advantage over the V-Y or the
      Dorrance pushback; in fact, it may have been deleterious. A hypothetical
      explanation for these results is offered, based on possible continuing
      osteogenesis by the transplanted mucoperiosteum, to produce an inflexible and
      poorly functioning velum.

PMID- 959409
TI  - A new method of treatment for mallet finger. A preliminary report.
AB  - We describe a new technique to treat the mallet finger deformity. The method is
      both simple and efficient, and it does not require follow-up for splint or
      dressing adjustment. All of our 15 cases regained function without complications.

PMID- 959410
TI  - Dacryoscintigraph evaluation of the repaired lacrimal drainage system.
AB  - We have used dacryoscintigraphy to study the efficiency of the lacrimal system
      following the repair of a divided lower canaliculus in 4 children. This test has
      been reliable in evaluating lacrimal function and suggests that a canaliculus can
      be repaired and splinted satisfactorily. Our experience with dacryoscintigraphy
      confirms that it is a safe comfortable, and reliable method for studying the
      patency of the lacrimal drainage system.

PMID- 959411
TI  - Letter: Regarding the role of tendon tissues in tendon healing.

PMID- 959412
TI  - Use of a buried nasolabial flap to fill a depression over the lower jaw. Case
      report.
AB  - A viable local flap is not plagued by the problems of resorption and dissolution.
      If it is to be denuded and buried, however, great care must be taken to select a
      donor area that is as hairless as possible. Otherwise, there may be cyst
      formation, drainage, and infection.

PMID- 959413
TI  - Use of the electrocautery for cutting a contracted capsule over a breast implant.

PMID- 959414
TI  - Use of nasopharyngeal tubes as aids to lateral port construction and maintenance
      of the airway in pharyngeal flap surgery.
AB  - We suggest the bilateral placement of nasopharyngeal tubes of appropriate size as
      a simple aid in constructing lateral ports of the correct size when doing a
      superiorly-based, lined, pharyngeal flap for velopharyngeal incompetence. If one
      leaves the tubes in for 24 to 48 hours postoperatively, they are of great help in
      maintaining a clear airway during that period.

PMID- 959415
TI  - Free muscle transplantation by microsurgical technique to treat severe Volkmann's
      contracture.
AB  - In a free muscle transfer, great care must be taken in selecting the muscle to be
      grafted. We have found the pectoralis major to be a good donor muscle. Although
      most muscles are not nourished by a single artery and a few veins, the vessels
      which enter the pectoralis major muscle with the nerves are the main nutrient
      vessels, and these vessels alone can adequately nourish this muscle. Neurorrhaphy
      should be performed at a site as close as possible to the muscle. Good
      indications for free muscle transfer are cases in which a flexor muscle has
      become necrotic, while the extensor muscle is viable--for example, if the flexor
      muscle has sustained traumatic crushing injury or if there is a Volkmann's
      contracture.

PMID- 959416
TI  - Augmentation mammaplasty by the transaxillary approach.
AB  - Augmentation mammaplasty by the transaxillary approach seems to be a safe and
      anatomically sound procedure which produces consistent results with a low
      complication rate. Our experiences with this procedure and our modifications in
      the technique are described. Two instruments which were designed to facilitate
      the procedure are reported. An anatomical justification for the transaxillary
      method is made.

PMID- 959417
TI  - "Lethal midline granuloma".
AB  - We have recently had two cases of midfacial granulomas in which laboratory
      examinations and multiple biopsies did not reveal a more specific diagnosis. Both
      responded to treatment. We feel that in such cases therapy should be given and
      based on the extent of local destruction and the history of the disease in the
      patient.

PMID- 959418
TI  - Evaluation of digital escharotomy in burned hands.
AB  - A controlled study of digital escharotomy showed a statistically significant
      increase in the number of salvaged phalanges. This procedure has minimal risk and
      should be considered in patients with vascular compromise of the upper extremity
      requiring escharotomy, who also have circumferentially burned fingers.

PMID- 959419
TI  - Excision of massive hemangioneurofibroma of the face.
AB  - Nevus flammeus (cutaneous hemangioma, port-wine stain) may develop proliferative
      hamartomatous changes and go on to form monstrous deforming tumors. Excision is
      feasible, and it may be best to do it early. The mentally retarded,
      institutionalized patient can also benefit from the reconstruction. In 3 cases it
      was possible to preserve function of the muscles of facial expression, because of
      the superficial location of the tumor. Techniques to decrease blood loss are of
      variable value during the operative procedure.

PMID- 959420
TI  - The mucoperiosteal palate flap for closure of oral cavity defects.
AB  - We have used a modification of a mucoperiosteal flap described by Lane for cleft
      palates in 3 patients with oral cavity defects from tumor ablations. The flap
      provides excellent lining for repairs when alternative flaps are unavailable. The
      vascularity of the flap and its texture allow a watertight closure which does not
      hinder the patient's ability to talk or eat.

PMID- 959421
TI  - Microvascular anastomosis: an experimental model utilizing the rabbit ear.
AB  - Using the rabbit ear as an experimental model, a composite flap based on an
      anastomosed central artery and vein can be created and its viability determined.
      This inexpensive model can be used to train plastic surgical residents in
      microsurgery and in further investigations of the microcirculation of flaps and
      their survival.

PMID- 959422
TI  - Species differences in the trypsin separation of epidermis and dermis.
AB  - Trypsin incubation was performed on split-skin grafts from rats, pigs, and
      humans. The separation of dermis and epidermis was best achieved when incubating
      in 0.5% crude trypsin in Hank's balanced salt solution. Separation occurred at 37
      degrees C in 1 1/2 hours for all species. At 4 degrees C, the separation took 2
      1/2 hours for pigskin, 3 1/2 to 4 1/2 hours for human skin, and 5 to 6 hours for
      rat skin. Histological examination showed a cleaner separation of both rat skin
      and pigskin was obtained at 4 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Large areas of skin
      (1600 mm2) could be separated easily as long as adequate amounts of solution were
      used.

PMID- 959423
TI  - Breaking strength of perichondrial adhesions after reshaping the rabbit ear with
      sutures.

PMID- 959424
TI  - Prevention of thrombosis in arterial and venous microanastomoses by using topical
      agents.
AB  - A replantation model, using the rat's foot severed at the ankle and replanted on
      an extended vascular pedicle, was used to study the effect of topical
      vasodilators in preventing microvascular thrombosis. Magnesium sulfate,
      Xylocaine, and papaverine gave arterial patency rates of 89% or more, compared to
      65% for saline alone. There was no appreciable effect on the venous patency
      rates. The possible mechanisms of action for the various drugs are discussed.

PMID- 959425
TI  - A method for studying endothelial regeneration in small vessels.
AB  - A simple, accurate method for demonstrating very small areas of endothelium is
      described. Some possible fields for further investigation are suggested. An
      outline of the possible normal mechanism of endothelial regeneration is
      described.

PMID- 959426
TI  - A new method of treatment for mallet finger. Commentary.

PMID- 959428
TI  - Immobilization of fingers and thumb after flexor tendon surgery: a simple
      technique.

PMID- 959427
TI  - Benign atypical fibroxanthoma or a malignant tumor? A warning. Case reports.
AB  - Atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin has been recognized recently as a pseudo
      malignant tumor, probably reactive in nature. By all the classic morphological
      criteria, the lesion appears to be malignant--but in behavior it is benign. In
      older patients the head and neck are primarily involved, while in younger
      patients these tumors appear on the covered areas of the trunk and limbs.
      Complete local excision is considered to be adequate treatment.

PMID- 959429
TI  - [Pathological we-formation and dominance shifts in symbiotic psychoses].
AB  - The case history of symbiotic psychosis observed in a mother and her daughter is
      used to demonstrate the causes of origin of such forms of psychosis, the emphasis
      being on the description of a rare case of change of dominance. The paper also
      discusses the reactions shown by person coming in contact with such sychotics
      and, more particularly, by the partners of individuals with delusional
      symptomatologies.

PMID- 959430
TI  - [Experience with special classes for mildly brain-damaged children with behavior
      disorders].
AB  - Within the framework of a large-scale medical and pedagogical experiment
      conducted at Rostock, two special education classes for second graders were set
      up at the start of the 1965/66 school year in an attempt to prevent children with
      cerebral lesions from failing to pass courses already in the lower grades at
      elementary schools. As a result of this experiment, it was decided to start a
      school for special education children, and this school now has two parallel
      classes each for second, third, and fourth graders as well as one additional
      class in which pupils are prepared for the fifth normal education school grade.
      Psychological tests made as part of a longitudinal study in which 48 children who
      had been to this school from 1965, 1966, and 1967 were included and which spread
      over years including the 1971/72 school years, showed an improvement in motor
      development with slightly retarded intellectual development and unchanged lack of
      concentration power. Average attainments in the various subjects improved while
      pupils were attending special education classes and did not, after reintegration
      of such children into normal schools (fifth grade), drop below the general level
      of proficiency.

PMID- 959431
TI  - [Symptomatology and pathogenesis of Fisher's syndrome].
AB  - The symptomatology of Fisher's syndrome is described with reference to
      observations made on six own cases as well as to fifty cases described in the
      literature, and it is shown that, first, ataxia is not an obligatory symptom and
      that, second, symptoms are an expression, not of a lesion of the brain stem, but
      of an affection of the peripheral neuron.

PMID- 959432
TI  - [The problem of latent neuropathy in essential hypertension].
AB  - A neurographic examination of 54 patients with essential hypertonia did not
      reveal any significant differences, from a control group, in the maximum rate of
      motor conduction of the ulnar nerve. An assocation of subclinical neuropathy with
      essential hypertonia cannot, therefore, be confirmed, thus denying the statement
      made by Viskoper and his coworkers and saying that the motor nerve conduction
      speed was an objective index for determining the severity of diseases
      characterized by hypertension.

PMID- 959433
TI  - Some thoughts on the ego ideal. A contribution to the study of the "illness of
      ideality".
AB  - Man searches continuously for the time when he was his own ideal--a time that is
      coincident with primary fusion with the mother. The fantasy of this fusion
      underlies the incest wish. Because of his helplessness, the child must postpone
      the realization of his incest wish and project it forward into the future.
      However, if the subject chooses the pathway of the oedipus complex and
      identification with the father to realize his incestuous fantasy, circumstance
      may lead him to circumvent the oedipal shpere and, through the mechanisms of
      regression, return to the mother of primary fusion. As in Aesop's adage, the ego
      ideal is at the source of the best and the worst of things.

PMID- 959434
TI  - A note on internalization as process.
AB  - To the view of internalization as fantasy, there is counterposed the view of
      internalization as process. The philosophical roots and basic argument of the
      "fantasy" view are evaluated, particularly in reference to the position of
      metaphorical terms in psychoanalytic theory. Especially confusing is the literal
      interpretation of metaphors of spatialization distinguishing the inner dimensions
      of psychic experience from external referents. The persistent theoretical need is
      to translate metaphorical usage into meaningful and consistent theoretical terms.
      The organization of introjects cannot be reduced to memory elements, object
      representations, or fantasy products. Internalization as process refers to a
      series of real psychological events whose specific delineation and description
      has not been accomplished.

PMID- 959435
TI  - On parallel processes in therapy and teaching.
AB  - Using the format of a continuous case conference, the authors demonstrate that
      the therapist-presenter develops unconscious identifications with the patient
      which are especially intense when difficulties (resistances) arise which he
      cannot resolve. The presenter then enacts these identifications in the seminar
      giving rise to responses from the seminar members which repeat the difficulties
      of the therapy. These parallel processes can be made explicit by eliciting the
      empathic responses of the seminar participants. By interpreting these
      parallelisms the authors have evolved a teaching methodology which, like therapy
      itself, provides an emotionally based learning experience for the participants.

PMID- 959436
TI  - Some problems in faculty selection of patients for supervised psychoanalysis.
AB  - The selection of patients for supervised analysis by candidates involves special
      tasks in evaluation and prediction. A number of problems emerge when the entire
      faculty of an institute participates in evaluating such patients. These include
      the different ways in which the initial consultant and the Admitting
      Psychoanalyst view their roles; insufficient consideration given to the specific
      criteria of suitability for analysis by a candidate; and the tendency to
      emphasize oedipal pathology while overlooking relevant ego capacities.

PMID- 959438
TI  - A note on the drawing of dream details.

PMID- 959437
TI  - A psychoanalytic model for human freedom and rationality.
AB  - The nature and scope of freedom and rationality in man are explored in light of
      the problems posed by a deterministic framework for understanding and explaining
      human though, feeling, and behavior. It is argued that the sort of explanation
      afforded by a psychodynamic theory is fully compatible with attributing freedom
      and rationality to persons. In particular, psychoanalytic theory is able to
      account for the existence of causal laws governing all aspects of human behavior,
      while providing a schema by which we can distinguish rational from irrational
      behavior, and free acts from those that are unfree.

PMID- 959439
TI  - Emotional expression in infancy; a biobehavioral study.

PMID- 959440
TI  - Behavioral formulations of depression.

PMID- 959441
TI  - Utilization of irrelevant information by high and low creatives.

PMID- 959442
TI  - Factors of the Rotter Internal-External scale.

PMID- 959443
TI  - Early loss as a possible "sensitizer" to later loss in attempted suicides.

PMID- 959444
TI  - Effect of locus of reinforcement control on a concept-identification task.

PMID- 959445
TI  - Selecting specialized creators: the independent inventor.

PMID- 959446
TI  - Influencing associative thinking and imagery in emotionally disturbed children.

PMID- 959447
TI  - Repression and sensitization as determinants of responses to a message designed
      to arouse thoughts of one's own death.

PMID- 959448
TI  - Pregnant women's ratings of different factors influencing psychological stress
      during pregnancy.

PMID- 959449
TI  - Personality differences between levels of psychology majors.

PMID- 959450
TI  - Correlations between Coopersmith's self-esteem inventory and the California Test
      of Personality for children in grades four and six.

PMID- 959451
TI  - Mode of inheritance of emotionality in the mouse (Mus musculus): sex differences
      and the effects of trials and illumination.

PMID- 959452
TI  - A multidimensional look at sex and target differences in disclosure.

PMID- 959453
TI  - Diagnostic utility of WISC digits forward and backward.

PMID- 959454
TI  - Comparability of WISC and WISC-R full scale IQS for elementary school children
      with learning difficulties.

PMID- 959456
TI  - On the theoretical link between personality and leisure.

PMID- 959455
TI  - Self-evaluation and suicide potential.

PMID- 959457
TI  - Locus of control and two measures of irrational beliefs.

PMID- 959458
TI  - Effects of self-directed behavior-modification training on a measure of locus of
      control.

PMID- 959459
TI  - Comparability of Peabody and Wais scores among adolescents suspected of being
      mentally retarded.

PMID- 959460
TI  - Effect of punitive dress on classroom behavior of institutionalized emotionally
      disturbed adolescents.

PMID- 959461
TI  - Premedical students' survivability and specialization: a social and psychological
      study.

PMID- 959462
TI  - Steady and transition states: effects of alternative activity on body-rocking in
      retarded children.

PMID- 959463
TI  - Sex differences in sympathetic-adrenal medullary reactions induced by different
      stressors.
AB  - Male and female university students were exposed to two different stressors in
      each of two 110-min sessions, i.e., a cognitive task (color-word conflict) and
      repeated venipuncture. Catecholamine excretion, heart rate, and subjective
      reactions were  measured. Control values were obtained under conditions of
      relaxation in the laboratory. Subjects of both sexes responded to both stressors
      by increased heart rate and feelings of unpleasantness and distress. The pattern
      of adrenaline excretion, however, differed between sexes: in males both stressors
      induced a significant increase, whereas in females adrenaline excretion remained
      on the same level under the two stress conditions as during relaxation;
      Noradrenaline excretion was not systematically affected by either stressor in
      either sex group.

PMID- 959464
TI  - Hypothalamic chemostimulation and autonomic changes in curarized rats.
AB  - Rats previously implanted with chronic double walled cannulae aimed at the
      lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) ate and drank reliably after minute injections of
      norepinephrine and carbachol respectively. Later on the rats were curarized and
      artificially respirated. After an habituation period during which rectal
      temperature, cardiac rate and peripheral vasomotor activity were continuously
      recorded, half of the subjects were injected with 1 mul of norepinephrine (40 x
      10(-9) moles) and the other half with 1 mul of carbachol (2.4 x 10(-9)moles).
      Both drugs elicited hypothermia, bradycardia and vasodilatation. Bradycardia
      after carbachol was significantly greater than after norepinephrine and
      hypothermia and vasodilatation after norepinephrine were significantly greater
      than after carbachol. When the treatments were reversed essentially the same
      effects were observed.

PMID- 959465
TI  - Decreased intracranial self-stimulation after neuroleptics or 6-hydroxydopamine:
      evidence for mediation by motor deficits rather than by reduced reward.
AB  - Rats were implanted with electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus, put on a 22-h
      food deprivation schedule and trained to bar-press for ICS and for food on a CRF
      schedule. Haloperidol (0.08 mg/kg) and pimozide (0.22 mg/kg) significantly
      decreased responding for both reinforces, although responding for ICS was
      decreased more than it was for food. The same doses of these drugs did not
      decrease food consumption of a 15-min ad libitum test after 22-h of food
      deprivation, suggesting that the decreased bar-pressing for food was not the
      result of anorexia or reduced motivation for food. When similar rates of
      responding for ICS and for food were obtained on a V1 60 schedule, haloperidol
      (0.1 mg/kg) reduced responding for food and ICS to a similar extent. Thus, when
      baseline rate is controlled for, neuroleptics do not selectively reduce
      responding for ICS. In addition, examination of cumulative response records
      revealed that rather than producing an extinction curve, as would be predicted if
      neuroleptics reduced the rewarding properties of ICS, haloperidol produced a
      uniform decrease in the rate of responding throughout the experimental  session.
      Similar results were obtained with intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)
      injections. While these experiments do not exclude the possibility that
      dopaminergic (DA) systems participate in some central reinforcement mechanisms,
      they suggest that neuroleptics and 6-OHDA decrease responding for food or ICS
      primarily by impairing the function of DA systems critically involved in the
      initiation or maintenance of operant behaviour rather than by interfering with
      reward.

PMID- 959466
TI  - Effects of drug-state change on discrimination performance.
AB  - A single dose of d-amphetamine (0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mg/kg), administered in 5
      successive sessions, did not seriously impede the discrimination performance of
      male Holtzman rats under cued reinforcement conditions. A 2.00 mg/kg dose,
      however, produced a total cessation of operant behavior. In 2 post-drug (saline)
      sessions, groups previously treated with 0.50 or 1.00 mg/kg demonstrated an
      initial decrement and subsequent recovery in performance. A second experiment
      demonstrated that rats administered either saline or 0.50 mg/kg d-amphetamine for
      5 successive sessions showed a decrement and subsequent recovery in performance
      when switched to the opposite treatment condition for the next 2 sessions. These
      data may be explained in terms of a change in drug state.

PMID- 959467
TI  - Salsolinol differentially affects mice selected for sensitivity to alcohol.
AB  - Salsolinol, a compound putatively formed following alcohol ingestion,
      differentially decreased the activity of lines of mice after 18 generations of
      genetic selection for alcohol sensitivity. Low doses of salsolinol produced
      significantly lower activity levels in the alcohol-sensitive long-sleep (LS) line
      than in the alcohol-insensitive short-sleep (SS) line. A hypnotic dose of
      salsolinol induced significantly longer sleeptimes in the LS line than in the SS
      line. Results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that salsolinol-like
      substances may mediate some of the effects of alcohol on the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 959468
TI  - Barbital alteration of central nervous system sensitivity to hexobarbital in the
      rat.
AB  - Alteration in central nervous system (CNS) sensitivity to the hypnotic effect of
      the hexobarbital was assessed by analytical, electroencephalographic, and
      pharmacokinetic techniques in barbital-treated rats. Each of these conceptually
      diverse experimental methodologies yielded similar conclusions concerning the
      alteration of CNS sensitivity by barbital treatment.

PMID- 959469
TI  - Brain acetylcholine concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity in
      selectively-bred strains of rats.
AB  - Significant differences in whole brain and in brain area acetylcholine
      concentration have been observed between the two strains of rats selectively bred
      for differences in speed of acquisition of conditioned avoidance. Brain
      acetylcholinesterase activity was similar in the strains. The strain showing poor
      conditioned avoidance behaviour possessed the highest brain concentration of
      acetylcholine. The finding supports a theory which describes a central
      cholinergic inhibitory system which may be active in the control of certain types
      of learning behaviour.

PMID- 959470
TI  - Biochemistry and schizophrenia (part IV) the neuroleptics--their mechanism of
      action: a review of the biochemical literature.

PMID- 959471
TI  - The effects of intraventricularly administered para-chloroamphetamine and its
      analogs.

PMID- 959472
TI  - Metabolism of para-chloroamphetamine in rats.

PMID- 959473
TI  - Pharmacology of para-chloroamphetamine and analogs.

PMID- 959474
TI  - Long-term effects of para-chloroamphetamine on central serotonergic mechanisms.

PMID- 959475
TI  - Heritable chromosome aberrations in mammals after exposure to chemicals.
AB  - The observation of dividing spermatocytes is routinely used to detect the
      induction of heritable chromosome aberrations such as reciprocal translocations
      in the treated animals or in their F1 offspring. 37 compounds have so far been
      tested for the induction of chromosome rearrangements in spermatogonia. Only 9
      gave positive results. However, positive results were observed for all alkylating
      agents in the F1 test. From these observations it can be concluded that the
      spermatogonia which are the main germ cell type at risk represent a relatively
      safe germ cell stage.

PMID- 959476
TI  - The influence of 241-Am and DTPA on morphometric parameters of the rat femur.
AB  - Microradiographically detectable alterations of the bone structure in the femur
      of young rats induced by monomeric 241-Am(III) (i.v., 30 muCi/kg) were studied.
      The morphometric and dosimetric measurements were carried out by means of an
      electronic image analyzer. 8 weeks after injection of 241-Am a characteristic
      alteration of the frequency distribution of the chord lengths over the trabeculae
      in the epiphysis and over the metaphyseal marrow spaces was found. The structure
      of the spongiosa is irregular with both large, coarse and small fragmented
      trabeculae. The complexity of the bone architecture and the area of the endosteal
      surfaces is reduced. The surface/volume ratio in control animals varies between
      36 mm-1 in the epiphysis and 64 mm-1 in the region of the epiphyseal cartilage
      plate. From the specific surface burden (pCi/mm2) the average dose rates were
      determined. There is no significant difference between the calcified tissue
      fraction in controls and animals with 241-Am, with the exception of the
      metaphyseal band where the locally high dose rates cause a devitalization of the
      tissue with inhibition of bone resorption as well as an abnormal trabeculation in
      the metaphysis. Treatment by Ca-DTPA reduces the 241-Am deposition nonuniformly
      and the pathological manifestations are markedly less pronounced. The mean
      trabecular width is about 100 mum in the epiphysis and has a minimum of 40 mum in
      the central part of the epiphyseal plate. The mean chord length over the marrow
      spaces varies between 90 and 210 mum.

PMID- 959477
TI  - Rate constants for nitrification and denitrification in soils.
AB  - Rate constants for reactions in flowing solutions in soil can be calculated from
      extents of reactions as functions of depth, rates of flow, effective biomass of
      microbes and independent measurements of hydrodynamic dispersion. Constants have
      been calculated from data in the literature and are shown to be arbitrary unless
      all of these quantities have been evaluated. Good agreement of constants obtained
      in laboratory columns and in the field have been obtained for nitrification and
      denitrification in a few cases.

PMID- 959478
TI  - Selective radiolysis of enantiomers.
AB  - The gamma-induced decarboxylation of beta-phenylalanine in the solid state is a
      chain reaction. Both enantiomers and the racemate of beta-phenylalanine-1-14C
      show different exponential dose-effect curves for the radiation-induced cleavage
      of 14CO2.

PMID- 959479
TI  - Effects of osmomolarity, calcium and magnesium ions on the structuredness of
      cytoplasmic matrix (SCM).
AB  - The involvement of intracellular water content, calcium and magnesium ions in
      changes of the structuredness of cytoplasmic matrix (SCM) in human lymphocytes
      was investigated with the technique of fluorescence polarization.

PMID- 959480
TI  - Photochemically induced cross-links between DNA and alcohol dehydrogenase or
      salmine, respectively.
AB  - Model experiments with two structurally different proteins (alcohol dehydrogenase
      and salmine) show that glycine, alanine, and tyrosine are by far more frequently
      involved in photochemically induced cross-link formations with DNA than is
      cysteine. The yields for cross-link formation of thymidine with salmine (cysteine
      free) are about as high as those with alcohol dehydrogenase (athiol protein).

PMID- 959481
TI  - Radiation effects of poly(L-glutamic acid) and poly(L-lysine) in the helix-coil
      transitional state.
AB  - The degradation of poly(L-glutamic acid) and poly(L-lysine) by X-rays and
      ultraviolet radiation has been studied at various pH values, including the helix
      coil transition region. It was found that X-rays cause maximum degradation in the
      transition region for both polypeptides, indicating that the efficiency of
      degradation is affected not only by the secondary structure but also by some
      other factors related to the transition. On the contrary, the degradation by
      monochromatic ultraviolet 2537 A radiation showed a strong dependence on helix
      content of PLGA, suggesting that degradation occurs more effectively in the
      helical form than in the coil form. Theoretical calculations were made to
      approximate the pH dependence of degradation, assuming different cross sections
      for the peptide bonds in helix, coil, and junctions between helical and coil
      regions.

PMID- 959482
TI  - The influence of the counter wall and the counter shape on the spectral energy
      deposition in small volumes by 60Co gamma-rays and 200 kV x-rays.
AB  - The spectral energy deposition in small volumes by 60Co gamma-rays and by 200 kV
      X-rays was measured with a walled spherical counter, a walled cylindrical counter
      and a wall-less cylindrical counter. The simulated volumes had dimensions of 0.1-
      3 mum. By comparing the spectra of the spherical and cylindrical walled counters
      the influence of the counter shape is derived. The wall effect is discussed by
      comparing the spectra and the mean lineal energy measured with the walled and the
      wall-less cylindrical counters. The influence of the counter size and of
      radiation quality on the energy deposition spectra is also analysed.

PMID- 959483
TI  - A nondestructive method for measuring electrical conductivity of intracellular
      matter of tissue in situ.
AB  - A nondestructive method has been developed for measuring electrical conductivity
      of intracellular matter. The method is based on easily measurable electric
      parameters of cells in suspension. Experiments were made using suspensions of
      erythrocytes in a physiological salt solution. Results confirmed suitability of
      the method for determining conductance of the cytoplasm and were in close
      agreement with those reported by other authors. The method allows the
      determination of intracellular conductivity in tissue as well.

PMID- 959484
TI  - The in vivo effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation of rabbit serum components
      and sleeping times.
AB  - An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of relatively low power
      density microwave exposures on various serum components of the Dutch rabbit. Both
      continous wave and pulsed mode exposures at 2.45 GHzwere used at power densities
      of 25,10 and 5 mW/cm2. Studies of 10 serum components were performed. Additional
      studies were conducted on changes in sleeping times of pentobarbital-sedated
      rabbits at various power densities. Gross and histopathological examinations were
      performed on representative samples of animals. Changes in the blood chemistry of
      irradiated animals were consistent with a dose-dependent response to a non
      specific thermal stress at all power densities used. Observed physiological
      response, as well as rectal temperature measurements, indicated that the
      thermoregulatory capability of the rabbits was sufficient to compensate for the
      thermal burden at 5 and 10 mW/cm2, but could be overridden by a 2 h exposure at
      25 mW/cm2. Pathology findings included a mild, repairable nephrosis in animals
      exposed at a power density of 25 mW/cm2. A further investigation of analeptic
      effects at power densities varying from 5 mW/cm2 to 50 mW/cm2 resulted in a
      statistically significant decrease in sleeping times, apparently proportional to
      power density below 15 mW/cm2.

PMID- 959485
TI  - Comparison of mathematical models for radiation fractionation.

PMID- 959486
TI  - A model for energy deposition in liquid water.

PMID- 959487
TI  - Lysosomal enzyme activation in irradiated mammary tumors.

PMID- 959488
TI  - The selective protection of normal tissues by irradiation of tumor-bearing mice
      in hypoxic hypoxia.

PMID- 959489
TI  - Radiosensitizing and toxic effects on the 2-nitroimidazole Ro-07-0582 in hypoxic
      mammation cells.

PMID- 959490
TI  - Tumor induction and hair follicle damage for different electron penetrations in
      rat skin.

PMID- 959491
TI  - Late biochemical changes in the rat lung after hemithoracic irradiation.

PMID- 959492
TI  - Modification and inhibition of repair of potentially lethal x-ray damage by
      hyperthermia.

PMID- 959493
TI  - Extracorporeal irradiation of blood and lymph in adrenalectomized calves.

PMID- 959494
TI  - Our changing democracy: devolution to Scotland and Wales. The Society's comments
      on the White Paper.

PMID- 959495
TI  - The Zuckerman Report. D.H.S.S. Consultative Paper. The Society's comments on the
      discussion document.

PMID- 959496
TI  - Letter: Fetal dose in obstetric radiography.

PMID- 959497
TI  - 38th Stanley Melville Memorial Lecture 1975. Changing attitudes.

PMID- 959498
TI  - What's in a term?  25 questions and answers on some aspects of anatomical
      terminology.

PMID- 959499
TI  - Percutaneous lung biopsy.

PMID- 959500
TI  - An unusual sinogram: application of a McCallum technique.

PMID- 959501
TI  - Biological effects of diagnostic irradiation.
AB  - Medical radiation continues to be an area of concern to the patient. However, the
      technologist can reassure him that trained operators apply the radiation and that
      there are many built-in and accessory safety factors. Beyond that, however, the
      technologist can reassure himself that he is not responsible for unnecessary
      radiation by making full use of all safety measures, whether they are part of or
      accessory to the equipment, or are part of his judgment as to technique. To do
      this, he needs a sound knowledge of how damage occurs and a continual updating on
      research and equipment that will make his reassuring words to the patient honest
      ones.

PMID- 959502
TI  - Effect of operator training on patient exposure: an analysis of the NEXT data.
AB  - The Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends (NEXT) program has obtained data from
      various states on the physical factors related to patient radiation exposure from
      several common radiographs. Data from two years were examined for exposure, beam
      area/film area and exposure area product delivered to a "standard patient." The
      data were examined for differences as a function of operator training.

PMID- 959503
TI  - Role of a university medical center in the education of radiologic technologists,
      part II: educational preparation of instructors in radiologic technology.

PMID- 959504
TI  - Radiation protective shield for use during arthrography.

PMID- 959505
TI  - Advisory committees: free advice--for a price.
AB  - Although it is understood that an advisory committee is "a group of persons
      outside the educational institution chosen from the community to advise those who
      are responsible for the planning, implementing, and maintaining of an educational
      program in radiologic technology that will meet the needs of a community, region,
      state, or nation," it is advice we buy at a price. No, the price is not in
      monetary values, but the price of forethought, planning, good organization and
      effective use of that committee.

PMID- 959506
TI  - [Pathology of renal tuberculosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Introduction of specific chemotherapy and vaccination leads to a remarkable
      recession of renal tuberculosis in the younger age group. Renal tuberculosis is
      the result of a haematogenous spread of tubercle bacillus. Haematogenous
      spreading occurs immediately after primary infection, or, in elderly patients, in
      combination with recurrency of tuberculous foci in lungs and hilar-lymphnodes.
      Simultaneous metastasis in the skeleton, especially in the vertebrae, are
      observed in 30%. The incubation period between tuberculous spread and clinical
      manifestation of renal tuberculosis lasts several years, in the average 5-8
      years, for calcareous kidneys it may last as long as 20 years and more, for
      tuberculous pyelitis only a few months. Today it is possible to treat renal
      tuberculosis with drugs (Streptomycin, PAS and INH). In 13% the cicatrisation is
      combined with obstruction of calices and partial hydronephrosis, in 7% with
      obstruction of the ureter and total hydronephrosis. Early chemotherapy may
      prevent the development of tuberculous hydronephrosis.

PMID- 959507
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of renal tuberculosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Roentgenologic procedures are of limited value, compared with other possible
      examinations. Early radiologic diagnosis is made rarely. Roentgenologic
      procedures are important for demonstration of successful treatment and for legal
      documentation. Excretory urography is effective only in combination with
      zonography and ureteral compression provided the amount of injected contrast
      medium is sufficient. Angiography is important in progressive or silent renal
      tuberculosis, especially in cases of a partial or complete non-functioning
      kidney. Difficulities in differential diagnosis are possible in unspecific
      pyelonephritis and malignant tumors.

PMID- 959508
TI  - [Angiography of urotuberculosis (author's transl)].
AB  - 119 kidneys demonstrating changes consistent with renal tuberculosis were studied
      in a total of 94 patients by means of selective, transfemoral renal antiography.
      In the first stage of the disease, this method detected parenchymal involvement
      which could not be visualized by excretory urography. In stage II the arcuate
      arteries and occasionally the intralobular arteries, showed typical changes.
      Cavitation, pathognomonic for the presence of renal tuberculosis were found in
      39.3% of these cases. In 40% of the cases the angiographic findingd were more
      extensive than the apparent findings of excretory urography. Angiography, thus,
      can render valuable information pertaining to the course of the disease and the
      necessity of operative intervention. Stage III was usually characterized by
      extensive changes specific for parenchymal destruction. Typical vascular lesions
      were readily recognized. Cavitation was found in 86.5% of these cases. Tortuosity
      and dilatation of the renal pelvis- and/or ureter-arteries revealed evidence of
      ureteral involvement (stage III2). In the presence of a non-functioning kidney
      angiography is mandatory to rule out renal aplasia and to differentiate between a
      kidney destroyed by other disease processes and the complete cavitary destruction
      of end-stage renal tuberculosis (stage III3).

PMID- 959509
TI  - [Clinic of Urotuberculosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Most of all cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis i.e. 35% are urogenital
      tuberculosis UGT. A shifting of morbidity to older age Groups could be
      ascertained. 1164 cases were evaluated, 684 in a combined medicamentons -
      operative manner. Of the conservatively treated Group were 283 males and 197
      females; the relation of the sexus in the other group is roughly the same. The
      frequency has a maximum in the forth decade. Whereas most of 90 patients, who
      have been in stationary treatment in April 1975, were between 40 and 60 years
      old. The pathogeny of the UGT is shown according to the scherne of Gloor. Most of
      the initial Symptoms (26.5%) are dysuria, the mext are hematuriae and ache of the
      flanks. On an average 1-2 years pass from the first appearance of symtonis to the
      time of diagnosis. The diagnosis can only be verified by evidence of Tbc-bacteria
      in cultures and biological experiments or through histological appearance.
      Essential informations on localisation and expansion are obtained by x-ray
      examination, that is urograms and urethrocystograms. Angiography and side
      disconnectet isotope clearance are importantant additional examinations.
      According to the results of the x-ray examinations the stages can be ascertained:
      Stage I: parenchymal-ulcerated pattern - Stage II: ulcerated-cavernous pattern -
      Stage III: totally-destructing tuberculosis, tbc-pyonephrosis, Special terms
      characterize the obstructions of the urinary tract. For the therapy the following
      polity can be proposed: Stage I: chemotherapy - Stage II: chemotherapy, perhaps
      backed by conservative operative treatment - Stage III: chemotherapy and nephro
      ureterektomy.

PMID- 959510
TI  - [Generalized skeletal dysplasias (author's transl)].
AB  - Skeletal Dysplasias are an important cause of short stature. Their overall
      frequency is unknown; their individual number exceeds 80. Prognostic and genetic
      counseling depend on a correct diagnosis of the specific bone dysplasia. Specific
      radiographic diagnoses are also needed for the meaningful interpretation of
      forthcoming histological, ultrastructural and biochemical studies which will help
      to elucidate the pathogenesis of skeletal dysplasias as prerequisite for a causal
      therapy.

PMID- 959511
TI  - [Which films should be taken? Suspicion for congenital skeletal dysplasia
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical signs and roentgenologic alterations are important for classification of
      congenital skeletal dysplasis. It is summarized which skeletal parts are most
      important for the roentgenographic determination of bone dysplasia. A minimal
      survey includes films of the vertebral column (lateral projection of the pelvis,
      hand, knee and skull (lateral projection). A schematic presentation demonstrates
      the vertebral column lesions in the most important congenital skeletal
      dysplasias.

PMID- 959512
TI  - [Importance of hand films in skeletal dysplasia (author's transl)].
AB  - The hand, as part of the skeleton, is generally involved in systemic skeletal
      dysplasia. However, the degree of abnormalities differs considerably in the
      various types of dysplasia. In some, abnormal appearance of the hand
      predominates, in other dysplasia films of the hand provide only little or no
      useful diagnostic information. At their first examination for growth disorders
      children often reveal bone dysplasia on roentgenograms of the hand. Therefore,
      evaluation of hand films should be done as thoroughly as possible. Morphologic
      and/or metric deviations of the hand may bring the first suspicion although they
      are not fully diagnostic. Systemic skeletal dysplasia should be diagnosed or
      excluded by additional adequate radiologic and other clinical examinations.

PMID- 959513
TI  - [The so-called chondrodystrophia of the newborn (author's transl)].
AB  - Chondrodystrophia (now: Achondroplasia) formerly believed to be a uniform disease
      rather is an entity comprising up till now at least ten radiologically differing
      types. Definite diagnosis of these types can only be made radiologically although
      certain clinical features are of additional help. For practical purpose a
      schematic representation of these types is given, based upon the classification
      of congenital osteochondrodysplasias by the ESPR (European Society of Pediatric
      Radiology, Rome, 1969). It emphasizes the characteristic radiological signs and
      describes the typical changes in body proportions. In a second part the single
      diseases are discussed according to the scheme with their radiological
      differential diagnosis and their prominent changes in the skeletal system. Some
      examples are given for possibly associated malformations and final prognosis.

PMID- 959514
TI  - [Radiological diagnosis (and differential diagnosis) of lethal type (congenital
      type) of hypophosphatasia (author's transl)].
AB  - Diagnosis of Hypophosphatasia can be proved by typical radiological findings. The
      paper presents a case report of a newborn living only a few hours. Diagnosis
      according to clinical aspect was "Osteogenesis imperfecta" although a postmortal
      x-ray-babygram was available but which had not been shown to a radiologist.
      Anatomical diagnosis with the histological findings was then altered to
      "Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Jansen-type". Finally the diagnosis could be
      corrected to congenital, lethal type of Hypophosphatasia after the babygram had
      been shown to a radiologist. The typical radiological features of congenital
      Hypophosphatasia are described subsequently and differential diagnosis of
      Congenital Osteochondrodysplasias is discussed. The importance of early or
      postmortal diagnosis for genetic counselling is stressed as well as a close
      cooperation between obstetricians and pediatric radiologists. Typical biochemical
      findings are mentioned.

PMID- 959515
TI  - [Congenital spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia].

PMID- 959516
TI  - [Measurement of the absorbed dose to the patient by computerized whole-body x-ray
      tomography with the aid of thermoluminescence dosimeters in an Alderson-phantom
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Radiation dosis for brain, lung, liver, and kidney examinations which were
      performed with computerized wholebody scanner (Ohio-Nuclear, 120 KV, 30 mA) was
      measured by LiF-TLD in the Alderson-Phantom. The absorbed skin dosis to the trunk
      by a single scan (filtration 6 mm A1) was found to be 1.2 rd at the entrance and
      90 mrd at the exit. Patient investigations were simulated with a series of 5
      scans. Under those conditions the maximum abdominal entrance dosis is 1.8 rd, at
      the body axis 700 mrd and near the exit 250 mrd. In this example the dosis to the
      gonads is less than 2 and 4 mrd, if the distance is more than 15 cm between the
      last scan and the gonads. Scattered radiation in the Delta-Scan room during an
      investigation is 1.5 mR/scan and 0.3 mR/scan for a distance of 1 m and 2 m from
      the irradiated volume.

PMID- 959517
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in diseases of kidneys (author's transl)].
AB  - The diagnostic value of echoscopy and echography in kidney disease is presented
      and illustrated. Ultrasound examination is primarily used for the differentiation
      of cystic and solid lesions of the kidney. Our personal experience and the recent
      literature on this problem is reviewed. Based on the overall diagnostic accuracy
      of more than 90%, a procedure to investigate space occupying lesions of the
      kidney is suggested. The indication for ultrasound scans in obstructive kidney
      disease and the unilateral nonexcreting kidney is briefly discussed.

PMID- 959518
TI  - [Gray-scale ultrasongraphy of the liver and gallbladder (author's transl)].
AB  - Better structural imaging of the liver with blood vessels can be achieved using
      the Gray-scale technique which delineates pathological processes better than the
      conventional B-scan-method. This technique enables a reliable diagnosic
      information. Due to its non-invasive character it can be utilized as a screening
      method or as an alternative or complementary examination to invasive methods.

PMID- 959519
TI  - Echography of suprarenal masses.
AB  - Ultrasound is used in evaluation of suprarenal rumors. Results are compared with
      angiographic and surgical findings. A practical approach is proposed.

PMID- 959520
TI  - [Importance of sonotomography in radiation therapy (author's transl)].
AB  - Ultrasound tomography provides true scale representation of body contours and
      organ structures. The image supplies substantial, individual geometrical data,
      essential for computerized radiation treatment planning. The mehtod is described.
      Typical planning examples for therapy are demonstrated. The value of follow up
      sonograms for radiation therapy is described. The limitations of the method are
      pointed out.

PMID- 959521
TI  - [Examination of the breast with ultrasound: limits and possibilities (authro's
      transl)].
AB  - Following a brief introduction to ultrasound the advantages and disadvantages of
      this examination are presented with regard to differentiation of benign and
      malignant tumors of the breast. This method is unsuitable for screening because
      of its present technical failures: its only importance lies in the differential
      diagnosis of benign lesions. These statements are based upon the case material of
      the Department of Gynecology and Radiology of the Postgraduate Medical School of
      Budapest.

PMID- 959522
TI  - The vagus reaction as a possible cause of severe complications of radiological
      procedures.
AB  - Six severe reactions which appeared to be mediated via the vagus nerve were
      encountered in the course of various radiological procedures. Four patients were
      treated with intravenous atropine and responded successfully. The vagus reaction
      is proposed as a possible mechanism of death in the "allergic" reaction to
      contrast media seen during radiological procedures. This phenomenon and its
      treatment and prevention are discussed, as is its difference from the histamine
      effect.

PMID- 959523
TI  - Localized spinal cord atrophy: significance of its demonstration.
AB  - Localized spinal cord atrophy was demonstrated in 6 cases by gas myelography. All
      of the patients had neck injuries with subsequent impairment of neurological
      function. Three representative cases are reported in full, and the remainder
      tabulated. The significance of the demonstration of this condition is discussed.

PMID- 959524
TI  - Brain scanning with the Anger multiplane tomographic scanner as a second
      examination evaluation by the ROC method.
AB  - One hundred and one patients (43 abnormal, 58 normal) were re-examined with a
      commercial prototype of the Anger multiplane tomographic scanner after brain
      scintigraphy. The studies were interpreted independently by four observers of
      varying experience. Observer performance, in terms of ROC curves, was
      substantially better when interpreting the tomographic brain scans and camera
      scintigrams together or the tomographic scans alone than when interpreting the
      camera images alone. Re-examination with the scanner increases the accuracy of
      brain scintigraphy (observer performance) in cases in which there is difficulty
      distinguishing intracranial lesions from superficial foci of activity by camera
      scintigraphy alone.

PMID- 959525
TI  - Brain scanning with the Anger multiplane tomographic scanner as a primary
      examination. Evaluation by the ROC method.
AB  - A commercial prototype of the Anger multiplane tomographic scanner was compared
      with a scintillation camera, in terms of observer performance, as a primary
      instrument for brain scintigraphy. Observer performance (diagnostic accuracy),
      expressed as ROC curves, was slightly better when reading the tomographic scans
      than when reading the camera images. In brain scintigraphy of a general
      population, the scanner has a small advantage over the scintillation camera. This
      advantage is directly proportional to the fraction of cases in which there is
      difficulty differentiating intracranial lesions from superficial foci of activity
      on the camera image.

PMID- 959526
TI  - Myocardial imaging with radionuclide-labeled particles. Analysis of the normal
      image, abnormal image, and technical consideration.
AB  - Myocardial imaging following the direct injection of labeled particles is  an
      effective and safe method of studying regional perfusion. Perfusion defects can
      conveniently be classified as apical, anterior, inferior, or posterior and
      related to the distribution of specific coronary arteries. The hemodynamic
      effects of contrast material, inadequate mixing of particles, coronary anatomy,
      and associated cardiac pathology are important technical considerations affecting
      the performance and interpretation of studies using this technique.

PMID- 959527
TI  - Persisting perfusion defects after bronchoscopic removal or spontaneous expulsion
      of aspirated foreign objects.
AB  - Follow-up lung scans were obtained in 9 children to determine whether perfusion
      lung scanning could be used to verify completeness of foreign-body removal. In 4
      patients, extensive perfusion defects were present 4-19 days after removal of the
      object. In 1 patient, the area of hypoperfusion was larger than the territory
      served by a persistently obstructed lobar bronchus. Follow-up lung scans are of
      limited value for verifying completeness of foreign-body removal and localization
      of retained fragments.

PMID- 959528
TI  - Upper airway obstruction in infants and small children. Improved radiographic
      diagnosis by combining filtration, high kilovoltage, and magnification.
AB  - Selective filtration, high kilovoltage, and fine focal spot magnification produce
      detailed radiographs of the airway of infants and small children. This technique
      has been applied to the study of upper airway obstruction in the glottic,
      subglottic, and supraglottic areas. Its great diagnostic yield is accompanied by
      a reduction in radiation dose compared to that of a nonfilter technique. The
      physical factors dictating choice of filter and film-screen combination are
      discussed.

PMID- 959529
TI  - Antegonial notching of the mandible: an often overlooked mandibular deformity in
      congenital and acquired disorders.
AB  - Mandibular antegonial notching is a concavity of the undersurface of the body
      just anterior to the angular process (gonion) seen in congenital and acquired
      disorders. The notch tends to be longer in the congenital than in the acquired
      state, and the ascending ramus is at a more obtuse angle to the body.

PMID- 959530
TI  - Vertebral sarcoidosis in adolescents.
AB  - Two cases of vertebral sarcoidosis in pediatric patients are presented. All such
      patients reported have been black, 13-15 years old, and have a history of back
      pain. Radiographs of the involved vertebrae show primarily lytic destruction with
      sclerotic borders in some of the lesions. Fungal infections, tuberculosis,
      pyogenic osteomyelitis, Hodgkin's disease and metastatic disease must be
      considered in every patient with vertebral sarcoidosis.

PMID- 959531
TI  - Papillary necrosis in a child with homozygous sickle-cell anemia.
AB  - A 4 1/2-year-old girl with S-S sickle-cell anemia was found to have papillary
      necrosis on excretory urography. This is believed to be the first reported case
      of papillary necrosis in a child with homozygous S-S sickle-cell anemia.

PMID- 959532
TI  - Gray scale shifts in ultrasound displays.
AB  - Shifts in the displayed shades of gray were found in the initial evaluation of a
      gray scale ultrasound display. Quantitative measurements of these shifts were
      performed. These measurements, along with measurements of scan converter output
      and photographic exposure time, established television (TV) performance as the
      major cause of shifts. Random variations in photographic exposure time were shown
      to cause small random shifts. Recommendations are given to minimize the effects
      of these shifts in clinical sonograms. To minimize shifts, hardware modifications
      were made on a similar TV. These modifications substantially improved the TV
      performance.

PMID- 959533
TI  - A reappraisal of sonolucent renal masses.
AB  - The authors present a differential diagnosis of echo-free renal masses and
      emphasize that such lesions are not always simple cysts. Of 312 renal sonograms,
      15 showed sonolucent masses which proved to be something other than a simple
      cyst. Pathological diagnoses included abscess, hematoma, renal artery aneurysm,
      hydronephrosis, and homogeneous or cystic tumor. To achieve optimal diagnostic
      accuracy, it is insufficient to rely solely on sonolucency as demonstrated on the
      sonogram. Any disparities in the radiological, clinical, or ultrasonic findings
      demand further evaluation. Nephrotomography, angiography, aspiration biopsy, or
      exploration should be selected in a sequence which is appropriate to ensure
      correct diagnosis while minimizing the risk to the patient.

PMID- 959534
TI  - Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Eighty-six patients with the clinical features of inflammatory carcinoma of the
      breast (erythema, peau d'orange, wheals or ridges) were treated with irradiation
      for potential cure between July 1948 and December 1970. Long protracted
      irradiation alone with a strong skin reaction offers 50% local control, which is
      the best rate yet reported. Any surgical procedure beyond biopsy is probably
      damaging: all patients subjected to mastectomy developed distant metastases and
      died. Ninety per cent of the patients were dead by five years and only 3 patients
      remain alive without evidence of disease 7, 10 and 14 years after radiotherapy.
      Analysis of survival rates, incidence, sites and times of appearance of local
      recurrences, and distant metastases is presented.

PMID- 959535
TI  - Endodermal sinus tumors of the ovary in children. The role of radiation therapy
      in relation to the clinical course.
AB  - Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary in children has been characterized by its
      general resistance to therapy and its almost uniform fatality. The
      multidisciplinary treatment of 5 such cases is described. The author's experience
      suggests that these tumors are responsive to irradiation. The rationale for a
      combined approach is discussed, and radiation treatment volumes and doses are
      suggested.

PMID- 959536
TI  - The effect of prednisone and irradiation on the rectum in dogs.
AB  - In an attempt to diminish the severity of the acute and late effects of
      irradiation to the rectum of dogs, oral prednisone was administered to 10 dogs
      for 1 week prior to, during, and for 1 month following a 3-week fractionated
      course of 60Co exposures to the pelvis. A control group of 10 dogs received
      irradiation alone. The dogs were observed clinically, serial rectal biopsies were
      done during and following the acute reaction, and the rectum was studied
      following sacrifice. Observations suggest that prednisone has no beneficial
      effect on the acute inflammatory reaction, and increases the severity of the late
      tissue damage.

PMID- 959537
TI  - Low-dosage x-ray imaging system employing flying spot x-ray microbeam (dynamic
      scanner).

PMID- 959538
TI  - Visualization of differences in soft-tissue densities. The liver in ascites.
AB  - The lateral liver border was demonstrated on the plain radiograph in 54 of 100
      proved cases of ascites. The etiology of ascites, the density of the fluid, and
      the total protein content were similar whether the border was visualized or not.
      Tomography of the right upper quadrant indicated that the lateral liver margin is
      visualized in ascites as a result of contact between the liver and the
      surrounding fluid. Radiography of autopsied livers submerged in fluid
      demonstrated distinguishable differences in object density, and photodensitometry
      of the plain radiographs revealed a difference in blackness where the fluid and
      liver made contact. Comparison of mean liver density and mean ascitic fluid
      density showed a difference of 5%. These findings indicate that differences in
      soft-tissue densities (excluding fat) can be distinguished on the plain
      radiograph.

PMID- 959539
TI  - Electronic grids for electrostatic imaging systems.
AB  - Electronic grids have been substituted for conventional grids in an electrostatic
      imaging system and have been useful in chest radiography. Electronic grids also
      appear to be useful for clean-up of small amounts of scattered radiation in
      radiographs of the extremities. More clinical work is needed before a statement
      about the use of electronic grids for other examinations can be made.

PMID- 959540
TI  - Direct chronotropic and dromotropic actions of contrast media: ineffectiveness of
      atropine in the prevention of bradyarrhythmias and conduction disturbances.
AB  - Methyl glucamine sodium diatrizoate (Renografin 76) was directly infused into the
      isolated arteries to the sino-atrial and atrioventricular nodes of anesthetized
      dogs, causing a dose-related inhibition of sino-atrial nodal automaticity and
      atrioventricular nodal conductivity; these effects were not attenuated by
      autonomic blockade or cervical vagotomy. The important negative chronotropic and
      dramatropic effects of contrast media used for coronary angiography are direct
      actions and cannot be effectively blocked by premedication with atropine.

PMID- 959541
TI  - The diagnostic quality of optically processed radiographs.
AB  - The diagnostic quality of optically processed radiographs was compared with that
      of unprocessed radiographs, using the number of lesions detected as a criterion.
      It was found that merely removing phase-shifted information with either a binary
      or focal spot filter alone did not improve image quality, however, use of the
      focal spot filter plus removal of all phase-shifted frequencies did lead to the
      detection of an increased number of lesions. The authors suggest that currently
      available optical filtration techniques should be evaluated with caution, as they
      may actually degrade diagnostic quality by increasing the visibility of phase
      shifted information.

PMID- 959542
TI  - Film mammography: new low radiation technology.
AB  - A new mammographic technique with Kodak MIN-R film and a Kodak MIN-R screen in a
      vacuum package has been evaluated in 607 cases. Direct mammographic comparison is
      made with the Du Pont Lo-dose system in the first 101 patients. The system
      provides excellent diagnostic quality images with at least a two-fold reduction
      in patient exposure compared to other current mammographic techniques.

PMID- 959543
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography utilizing the Chiba University needle.
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the Chiba University needle has
      been performed in 42 patients with cholestasis. The examination was successful in
      100% of patients with dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and in 89% of those with
      normal-size ducts. Complications were minimal. The results of this study suggest
      that PTC with the Chiba needle is superior to the current conventional methods.
      The patients with intrahepatic cholestasis, which often simulates extrahepatic
      biliary obstruction, were spared an unnecessary laparotomy.

PMID- 959544
TI  - Simple construction of a 16970Yb-16969Tm absorber for peak kilovoltage
      calibration of a diagnostic x-ray machine.

PMID- 959545
TI  - Causes of contrast media reactions.

PMID- 959546
TI  - Opinion: Caveat doctor: the x-ray collimator industry takes a giant step
      backward.
AB  - Markedly improved imaging of the upper airway in infants and children with
      magnification high kVp technique is accomplished with added heavy filtration.
      Unfortunately, in the newer x-ray collimators, no slot is provided for this
      purpose. The authors can think of no reason, medical, physical or economic, as to
      why a simple slot cannot be provided. A few manufactures make machines with the
      added filter slot; all radiologists are urged not to neglect this information
      when selecting new equipment.

PMID- 959547
TI  - Opionion: Intersociety collaboration in the cyclic presentation of categorical
      instructional courses.

PMID- 959548
TI  - Subpulmonic pneumothorax in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - A spontaneous pneumothorax is occasionally seen under the lung on upright views,
      apparently due to subpulmonic trapping of pleural air by adhesions. This is most
      likely to occur in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
      especially if they have extensive parenchymal scarring from previous
      tuberculosis. The authors describe 4 patients who had subpulmonic pneumothorax,
      severe COPD, and parenchymal scarring and presented in respiratory failure. None
      had other clinical symptoms suggesting pneumothorax. Radiologists should be aware
      of this condition, since it is potentially lethal.

PMID- 959549
TI  - Post-traumatic pneumatocele in the inferior pulmonary ligament.
AB  - Pneumatocele localized to the inferior pulmonary ligament is an uncommon sequel
      of blunt chest trauma. Three such cases are reported and the characteristic
      location and appearance of the pneumatocele, as well as its benign course, are
      discussed. A similar radiographic appearance has been produced in cadavers by
      injecting air into the inferior pulmonary ligament.

PMID- 959550
TI  - Thoracic manifestations of renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Over 1/3 of patients with renal cell carcinoma will present with metastases with
      no symptoms referable to the kidney. Early metastatic disease is a result of the
      unique accessibility of the kidney to lymphohematogenous pathways. The thorax is
      particularly vulnerable. Several of the more unusual manifestations involving the
      thorax are illustrated, including 1 case with intra-alveolar metastases.

PMID- 959551
TI  - Bilateral pulmonary hilar lymphadenopathy. An unusual manifestation of metastatic
      renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Four patients with bilateral pulmonary hilar adenopathy secondary to lymphangitic
      spread from renal cell carcinoma were examined. Two additional cases had
      adenopathy secondary to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients may initially present
      with bilateral pulmonary lymphadenopathy or as late as 3 1/2 years after the
      discovery of the primary renal tumor. The mechanism of lymphangitic spread
      probably is related to reflux of tumor emboli from the thoracic duct into the
      bronchomediastinal trunks because of incompetent lymphatic valves. In one case
      gallium imaging demonstrated bilateral hilar isotopic uptake as well as
      periaortic uptake.

PMID- 959552
TI  - Bradycardia and hypotension following use of intravenous contrast media.
AB  - Eight patients had unusual reactions, including hypotension and bradycardia, to
      intravenous contrast media. These reactions appear to be vagal- or acetylcholine
      mediated. Atropine treatment produced prompt reversal in several of the cases,
      and is felt to be the drug of choice for this particular type of idiosyncratic
      reaction.

PMID- 959553
TI  - Intravascular electrically induced thrombosis in the dog. Thrombus detection by
      ionic and nonionic contrast media.
AB  - Reliable, large, nonobstructive thrombi were produced by electrical stimulation
      of the wall of the inferior caval veins in dogs, thus avoiding surgical trauma or
      introduction of chemical substances. Metrizamide was found to adhere longer to
      the thrombi than an ionic medium (iothalamate) at comparable iodine
      concentrations. This may be due to the much higher viscosity of metrizamide.

PMID- 959554
TI  - Diagnosis and pathophysiology of paradoxical embolism.
AB  - Three cases of paradoxical embolism are presented. Although most systemic emboli
      originate in the heart, detection of other sources is aided by venography of the
      lower extremities, indocyanine green-dye curve studies of the inferior vena cava,
      obtaining right heart pressures, oximetry, and pulmonary angiography. Forty per
      cent of 55 patients reviewed had repeat episodes of systemic embolism and 2 of
      the 3 proved cases of paradoxical embolism had repeat episodes. Prolonged
      anticoagulant therapy may prevent recurrence.

PMID- 959555
TI  - Idiopathic nonfamilial acro-osteolysis with cortical defects and mandibular ramus
      osteolysis.
AB  - A case is presented of progressive acro-osteolysis of the hands combined with
      progressive mandibular ramus osteolysis and multiple cortical defects. The
      features of acro-osteolysis are reviewed and classified.

PMID- 959556
TI  - Right axillary lymph node visualization by bipedal lymphography: a case report.
AB  - In the course of bipedal lymphography, the right axillary nodes were filled with
      contrast medium from the right pelvic region via the subcutaneous lymphatics.
      This was verified in the absence of lymphatic obstruction or abnormal corollary
      lymphatic routes.

PMID- 959557
TI  - Radiopaque suppositories.
AB  - The authors describe the radiographic appearance of several commonly used rectal
      suppositories. Such drugs are sufficiently opaque to be seen on abdominal
      radiographs and may simulate excreted urographic contrast medium or stones.
      Errors in interpretation can be avoided by asking the patient about rectal
      medication or by taking lateral or delayed films.

PMID- 959558
TI  - Regional enteritis complicated by nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Case
      report.
AB  - The authors report a case of regional enteritis complicated by nephrocalcinosis
      and nephrolithiasis. Enteric hyperoxaluria is documented and the pathophysiology
      is discussed.

PMID- 959559
TI  - Angiographic demonstration of a calcified splenic hamartoma.
AB  - A case of hamartoma of the spleen is reported. Radiographic examination revealed
      a mass containing innumerable calcifications in the left upper quadrant.
      Angiography demonstrated an avascular mass. The authors believe that such
      calcification and avascularity are late manifestations of a slowly-growing
      splenic tumor which may well be hypervascular if examined earlier.

PMID- 959560
TI  - Radiological Society of North America. Sixty-second Scientific Assembly and
      Annual Meeting. Film interpretation session.

PMID- 959561
TI  - Contrast enhancement of cerebral infarcts in computed tomography.
AB  - Approximately 60% of cerebral infarcts between 1 and 4 weeks old may be enhanced
      by contrast material. A recent infarct can be missed if contrast material is not
      used; however, recent infarcts can also be partially obscured by the contrast
      medium, so that a precontrast scan is necessary. Infarcts, arteriovenous
      malformations, and gliomas may appear similar on the CT scan. Recent infarcts can
      have a significant mass effect (seen in 22% of cases), and their anatomical
      location and morphology may or may not be helpful in the differential diagnosis.
      Ipsilateral ventricular dilatation, homogeneous low-density areas, and sharp
      margins are usually found in older infarcts.

PMID- 959562
TI  - Mach bands and density perception.
AB  - Perception of a roentgen image is greatly influenced by the production of Mach
      bands by the retinal neural networks. The mechanism of their production and
      contributing factors such as lateral inhibition, projection, contour, film
      density, object density, and background are discussed. Although Mach bands often
      facilitate perception of roentgen density, misinterpretation of their
      significance may lead to errors in diagnosis.

PMID- 959563
TI  - Quantification of bone mineralization using computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography was used to find a sensitive parameter for bone
      mineralization. A precision scanning instrument was constructed for determination
      of the mineral distribution in sections of the forearm. The quality of the
      reconstructed images allows separate quantification of compact and spongy bone
      even when gamma rays are used. Computer simulation and measured of models and
      macerated human bones showed that under clinical conditions it is possible to
      quantify spongy bone density within an accuracy of +/-2%.

PMID- 959564
TI  - Radiographic anatomy of the accessory meningeal artery.
AB  - The accessory meningeal artery (AMA) was studied in 6 cadavers and correlated
      with the angiographic findings in 50 normal patients. The AMA is easily
      identified angiographically, its origin varying with the course of the internal
      maxillary artery. The authors believe that all intracranial lesions which are not
      strictly intracerebral should be investigated by means of selective injection of
      the internal maxillary artery.

PMID- 959565
TI  - A connection between the production of prostaglandins during liver regeneration
      and the DNA synthetic response.
AB  - The concentration of PGE equivalents in rat liver in vivo was increased during
      liver regeneration. The probability that this increase reflected a stimulation of
      prostaglandin synthesis was confirmed in vitro by the ability of homogenates of
      regenerating liver tissue to synthesize PGE2 and PGF2alpha from arachidonate.
      Indomethacin prevented these prostaglandin changes, and the subsequent increase
      in DNA synthesis. The administration of indomethacin to rats was found to induce
      a hypocalcemia, and to block the hypercalcemic action of parathyroid hormone. It
      is suggested that the influence of prostaglandins on DNA synthesis involves
      calcium metabolism.

PMID- 959566
TI  - Defective PGE reactivity in leucocytes of multiple sclerosis patients.
AB  - Leucocyte migration inhibition in vitro, in response to antigen or mitogen, is
      suppressed by PGE2 (0.01-1.0 mug/ml). The susceptibility of leucocytes to such
      inhibition by PGE2 has been compared using cell preparations obtained from normal
      individuals, multiple sclerosis patients and from patients with other
      neurological diseases. The results indicate defective reactivity of leucocytes
      from multiple sclerosis patients.

PMID- 959567
TI  - Effect of topical indomethacin on UVR-induced redness and prostaglandin E levels
      in sunburned guinea pig skin.
AB  - Prostaglandin E (PGE) levels in the skin have been shown to be elevated during
      the 24 hr. period following exposure of guinea pig skin to ultraviolet radiation
      from 280-320 nm in the so-called UVB or "sunburn spectrum". The development of
      increased PGE levels paralleled the development of the delayed phase of erythema.
      When applied immediately after UVB exposure, one topical application of 2.5%
      Indomethacin (IM) simultaneously decreased the redness and PGE levels in the skin
      to near normal within one hr. of treatment. The IM effect persisted for
      approximately 24 hrs. By 48 hrs. the PGE level in the sunburned skin was near
      normal whether or not the skin had been treated with IM. The redness which was
      evident at 48 hrs. did not respond to additional topical IM treatment. This
      suggests that a substance(s) other than PGE may be involved in this latter
      portion of UVB-induced erythema. A major role for PGE as an early mediator or
      potentiator of UVB-induced erythema has been deomonstrated. Any involvement of
      PGE with UVB-induced cell death or alterations in DNA synthesis seems unlikely.

PMID- 959568
TI  - Prostaglandin removal and metabolism by isolated perfused rat lung.
AB  - We have investigated the mechanism(s) involved in the removal of prostaglandins
      (PG) from the pulmonary circulation by the lung. Unidirectional fluxes of PG from
      the circulation into the lung are measured in an isolated perfused rat lung
      preparation. Evidence is presented which suggests that a transport system for PG
      exists in lung tissue. This transport system is responsible for the removal of
      some PG from the circulation by the lung. PGE1 and PGF2alpha are substrates for
      this system, whereas PGB1, PGA1, and 15-keto-PGF2alpha are not. Since PGA1 is a
      substrate for the intracellular PG dehydrogenase, the selectivity of the lung's
      metabolism system for circulating PG is probably due to the selectivity of the
      transport system for PG. It is shown that the percentage of the pulmonary
      arterial concentration (CA) of PGE1 or PGF2alpha that is metabolized on passage
      through the pulmonary circulation decreases rapidly as CA increases. When the
      lungs were perfused with PGE1(PGF2alpha), the metabolites detected in the venous
      effluent were 15-keto-PGE1 (PGF2alpha) and 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGE1
      (PGF2alpha). The time course pattern of the appearance of metabolites in the
      venous effluent after the initiation of a constant CA, and the relative
      concentrations of the metabolites in the venous effluent, were examined as a
      function of CA.

PMID- 959569
TI  - Modification of alveolar hyperoxia induced pulmonary vasodilatation by
      indomethacin.
AB  - Decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance was observed in neonatal minature pigs
      breathing 100% O2 or 95% O2:5% CO2. The pulmonary vasodilator response to
      hyperoxia ventilation was reduced by indomethacin in the intact animal and in the
      isolated perfused lung preparation. In the isolated perfused lung preparation, it
      was also shown that lung alveolar pO2 rather than pulmonary arterial pO2 was
      responsible for the pulmonary vasodilation. The study suggests that alveolar
      hyperoxia induced decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance may be mediated in
      part by release of prostaglandins. The relevance of this study with oxygen
      therapy in newborn infants is also discussed.

PMID- 959570
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin F2alpha-induced reflex bradycardia and hypotension by
      meclofenamic acid.
AB  - Intravenous injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (4-15 mug/kg, i.v.) produces an
      increase in pulmonary arterial pressure in conjunction with reflex bradycardia
      and hypotension in the anesthetized cat. Meclofenamic acid (30 mg/kg, i.v.)
      inhibited the bradycardia and the reflex contribution to the systemic
      hypotension. Neither the PGF2alpha-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction nor the
      direct systemic vasodilator actions of PGF2alpha were blocked by meclofenamate.
      In addition, the reflex responses caused by i.v. veratrine and 5-HT were not
      inhibited by meclofenamate. These results suggest that meclofenamic acid
      selectively blocks the afferent mechanism by which PGF2alpha induces reflex
      bradycardia and hypotension in the cat.

PMID- 959571
TI  - Kinetic and metabolic studies of 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha administered
      intra-amniotically for induction of abortion.
AB  - The metabolism of tritium labeled 15-methyl-PGF2alpha, administered intra
      amniotically, was studied in seven cases of mid-trimester abortion. The
      disappearance of the compound from the amniotic sac was a very slow process. A
      metabolite, dinor-15-methyl-PGF2alpha, was found in small amounts in the amniotic
      and kidney. Plasma levels of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha in the maternal circulation were
      determined.

PMID- 959572
TI  - Lack of evidence for inhibition of ovulation by aspirin in women.
AB  - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors such as aspirin and indomethacin inhibit
      ovulation in experimental animals. The effect of therapeutic doses of aspirin on
      ovulation has been studied in 5 women. Ovulation, as assessed by measurements of
      urinary LH and plasma progesterone levels, basal body temperature and cervical
      mucus changes occured in all the control and treatment cycles. Serial sections of
      the corpora lutea failed to show any entrapped ova. The significance of finding a
      prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor which acts specifically at the ovarian level
      is discussed.

PMID- 959573
TI  - Effects of indomethacin and prostaglandins on the spawning behaviour of female
      goldfish.
AB  - In goldfish, injection of ovulated eggs (from donor females) through the ovipore
      and into the ovarian lumen of females with vitellogenic oocytes induces spawning
      behaviour within several hours. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of indomethacin
      (IM), 10 mug/g, either 10 h prior to, or coincident with, injection of ovulated
      eggs, completely inhibits the onset of spawning behaviour. IM injection similarly
      terminates ongoing spawning behaviour induced by egg injection. PGF2alpha (5
      mug/g; i.p. injection) restores spawning behaviour of egg-injected, IM-blocked
      fish; at the same dosage, PGE2 is marginally  effective and PGE1 is without
      effect. As PGF2alpha and PGE2 also induce spawning behaviour in females which
      have not been injected with ovulated eggs, it is suggested that distension of the
      oviduct following ovulation or egg injection results in the release of PG which
      then acts in some way to induce spawning behaviour. The ability of PG to induce
      spawning behaviour is eliminated by hypophysectomy and restored by treatment with
      salmon gonadotropin: no steroid treatment was effective in restoring PG-induced
      spawning in fish which had been hypophysectomized for 3-4 months. The possible
      mode of action of PG in inducing spawning behaviour in female goldfish is
      discussed.

PMID- 959574
TI  - Prostaglandins and the initiation of labor.
AB  - A total of 96, dated pregnant, New Zealand white rabbits were studied. In 58
      animals the intrauterine pressure (IUP) of the unstimulated and PGF2alpha
      stimulated myometrium was recorded, by the extraovular microballoon technique,
      before, during and after parturition. In the remaining 38 the concentrations of
      PGE and PGF and progesterone (P) were measured by radioimmunoassays (RIA). The
      samples were collected individually or sequentially during the perinatal period
      from uterine tissue and uterine or peripheral vein blood. At the critical time,
      at around parturition, when the myometrium is converted from a suppressed and
      refractory muscle into a spontaneously active and reactive organ (quantitated by
      recording the IUP), the uterine PGE and PGF levels decreased rather than
      increased (quantitated by RIA). Thus, this critical regulatory and functional
      change of the myometrium cannot be accounted for by an increase in the intrinsic
      uterine stimulant: PG, but only by a decrease in the suppressor: P. These
      findings, 46 years after the discovery of P, demand the further exploration of
      Corner's legacy.

PMID- 959575
TI  - Determination of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-metabolites of PGE2 and PGF2alpha in
      plasma using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - A method is described for the measurement of 15-keto-13,14-dihydrometabolites of
      PGE2 and PGF2alpha in peripheral human plasma. This involves purification by high
      performance liquid chromatography followed by determination of levels by combined
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using tetradeuterated analogs of the
      metabolites as internal standards. The levels of these metabolites in plasma are
      considered to be a more reasonable index of the entry of PGE2 and PGF2alpha into
      peripheral blood than are the levels of the corresponding primary prostaglandins.
      The endogenous levels of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGE2 and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro
      PGF2alpha found in peripheral plasma are 33 +/- 10 pg/ml (SD; n=6) and 40 +/- 16
      pg/ml (SD; n=6), respectively.

PMID- 959576
TI  - Prostaglandins and renal function in acute extracellular volume expansion.
AB  - Mechanisms determining the natriuresis in ECV-expansion are not yet completely
      understood. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate if
      prostaglandins (PG) are involved in the natriuresis of acute ECV-expansion and by
      which mechanisms PG may affect renal Na-absorption. In non-expanded rats the PG
      synthetase inhibitor indomethacin (INDO) had no effect on renal function. In 37
      Sprague-Dawley rats ECV-expansion with isotonic saline corresponding to an
      increase in b.wt. of 10% was induced. Twenty-one animals received an oral dose of
      10 mg/kg b.wt. of INDO prior to ECV-expansion. Sixteen animals served as ECV
      expanded controls (C). GFR (INDO: 12.5 +/- 1.0; C: 10.5 +/- 0.9 ml/min/kg b.wt.)
      did not significantly differ in both groups. However, total renal plasma flow
      (RPF) (INDO: 22.9 +/- 1.8; C: 30.1 +/- 2.7 ml/min/kg b.wt.), urinary flow rate
      (INDO: 1.11 +/- 0.20; C: 1.93 +/- 0.21 ml/min/kg b.wt.) and urinary excretion of
      sodium (INDO: 141 +/- 26; C: 267 +/- 46 muEq/min/kg b.wt.) and potassium (INDO:
      13.0 +/- 0.9; C: 19.8 +/- 1.7 muEq/min/kg b.wt.) markedly decreased in animals
      pretreated with INDO. The results indicate that PG are involved in the
      natriuresis of acute ECV-expansion and suggest, that PG may inhibit the intrinsic
      capacity for Na-absorption in more proximal parts of the nephron possibly via
      intrarenal physical factors.

PMID- 959577
TI  - Characterization of prostaglandin production in tissue culture of rat renal
      medullary cells.
AB  - Renal medullary cells from the rat were used to establish a cell culture line.
      The morphologic characteristics of these cells were similar to renal medullary
      interstitial cells. They produced substantial amounts of PGE when provided with
      arachidonic acid or fetal calf serum. PGE production was inhibited 80-90% by
      indomethacin or meclofenamate. PGE release by the cells was sensitive to and
      stimulated by changing the culture media. Stable levels of PGE in the media could
      be achieved if media changes were avoided during the experimental period.

PMID- 959578
TI  - Factors affecting prostaglandin synthesis by rat skin microsomes.
AB  - Prostaglandin synthesis by rat skin was measured by a radiochemical method and
      the adrenochrome spectrophotometric method. About 70% of the total enzyme
      activity was located in the microsomal fraction. Incubation with (1-14C)
      arachidonic acid resulted in the formation of prostaglandins F2alpha, E2 and D2.
      The biosynthesis of these 3 prostaglandins was stimulated by reduced glutathione
      and hydroquinone, and was markedly dependent on pH. A number of non-steroid anti
      inflammatory drugs produced a dose related inhibition of prostaglandin
      biosynthesis. Five potent corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agents previously
      found to be inhibitory when a skin homogenate was used did not inhibit
      prostaglandin synthesis by the microsomal fraction.

PMID- 959579
TI  - Effect of prostaglandins on vascular resistance and adrenergic vasoconstrictor
      responses in the canine uterus.
AB  - Prostaglandins appear to play an important role in a number of reproductive
      processes. The effect of prostaglandins on numerous vascular beds has been
      extensively studied, but the effects on uterine hemodynamics have not. The
      present study was designed to determine the effects of prostaglandins of the A
      and E series on uterine vascular resistance and responses to adrenergic nerve
      stimulation in the canine uterus. PGE1, PGE2 and PGA1 were found to be potent
      uterine vasodilators. In addition, these agents were able to modify adrenergic
      vasoconstrictor responses. These effects on uterine vascular resistance and
      adrenergic vasoconstrictor responses were separable. The results of these studies
      suggest that prostaglandins of the A and E series may play an important role in
      regulating uterine blood flow in the nonpregnant animal.

PMID- 959580
TI  - Rapid block of gonadotropin uptake by corpora lutea in vivo induced by
      prostaglandin F2alpha.
AB  - Intravenous administration of 125I-hCG to 7-8 day pseudopregnant rats resulted in
      maximum uptake of radioactivity to corpora lutea 2 hours after treatment. At this
      time tissue/plasma radioactivity ratios on an equal weight basis were: corpora
      lutea, 70.2 +/- 12.8; ovarian interstitium, 4.6 +/- 0.2; kidney, 2.2 +/- 0.1. No
      appreciable uptake was seen by adrenals or liver. Radioactivity in corpora lutea
      was associated primarily with membranes which sedimented at 2000g and when
      released by heat it was more than 63% bound to luteal LH receptor preparation in
      vitro. Radioactivity in renal tissue was associated primarily with the 100,000g
      supernatant fraction and was bound less than 1% to luteal LH receptors in vitro.
      PGF2alpha significantly reduced uptake (p less than .001) of 125I-hCG by corpora
      lutea within 30 minutes (-63%) as well as at 1 (-64%), 2 (-75%), 4 (-68%) and 24
      hours (-85%). No clear effect of PGF2alpha on uptake of 125I-hCG by ovarian
      interstitial tissue was seen. Plasma progesterone was significantly decreased (p
      less than .001) within 30 minutes (-47%; p less than .01) after PGF2alpha
      treatment and also at 1 (-65%), 2 (-82%), 4 (-68%) and 24 hours (-92%). Two hours
      after PGF2alpha treatment the content of progesterone in corpora lutea was
      depressed (-46%; p less than .001). It is suggested that the rapid inhibition of
      luteal progesterone production induced by PGF2alpha in vivo occurs through a
      block in gonadotropin uptake by corpora lutea.

PMID- 959581
TI  - Effects of prostaglandins on leukocyte migration.
AB  - Artificially synthesized prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2, PGF1alpha, and PGF2alpha)
      were found, using Boyden's chamber, to induce significant migration of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) of the rabbit; PGF2alpha had greater effects
      than PGE1 or E2. A typical dose dependent relationship was found between the PMNs
      migration and PGF2alpha concentrations. Indomethacin pretreatments of rabbits did
      not significantly alter the PMNs migration indicating that PGs synthetized in
      vivo was not involved in the migration. PGF2alpha was placed in the lower
      compartment opposite to PMNs and also in the upper compartment together with
      PMNs. No significant difference was found in the number of migrated PMNs between
      the two experimental conditions. PGs diffusion occurred across the millipore
      filter separating the two compartments where the concentrations were almost equal
      at the end of 3 hours incubation. It was thus concluded that PGs effects are to
      induce random PMNs movements rather than to initiate chemotactic directional
      migration.

PMID- 959582
TI  - Indomethacin potentiates the vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II in normal
      man.
AB  - The blood pressure response to graded infusions of angiotensin II was assessed
      under control conditions and following short term (16 hour) indomethacin
      treatment utilizing normal men equilibrated on a constant diet of normal sodium
      and potassium content. Although basal mean blood pressure was unchanged, the
      increase in blood pressure with all rates of angiotensin II infusion ranging from
      200 to 1000 ng/min was significantly greater with indomethacin treatment. Pre
      infusion body weight and plasma renin activity were similar under the two
      conditions. These results suggest that prostaglandins modulate the systemic
      vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II.

PMID- 959583
TI  - The levels of main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F1alpha and F2alpha in
      human subjects measured by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay technique for measuring 5alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-11-keto
      tetranorprosta-1, 16-dioic acid, the main urinary metabolite of PGF1alpha and
      PGF2alpha (PGF2alpha-MUM), was further improved. It was postulated based on some
      experimental data that the PGF2alpha-MUM exists in the urine mostly as dioic acid
      form, not as delta-lactone form the daily excretion of PGF2alpha-MUM in men
      ranged from 14.43 mug to 36.14 mug and in women from 5.21 mug to 14.25 mug.

PMID- 959584
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by triynoic acids.
AB  - Prostaglandin biosynthesis from eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid in microsomes from
      bovine seminal vesicles is inhibited by acetylenic acids. Octadeca-6,9,12
      triynoic acid and eicosa-8,11,14-triynoic acid are the most potent inhibitors.
      These acids both contain an omega-8 methylene group. Within the 20-carbon
      acetylenic acid series, inhibition decreases in the sequence eicosa-8,11,14
      triynoic acid greater than eicosa-7,10,13-triynoic acid greater than eicosa
      5,8,11-triynoic acid. Furthermore, eicosa-8,11,14-triynoic acid is a more potent
      inhibitor of arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation than either eicosa
      7,10,13-triynoic acid or eicosa-5,8,11-triynoic acid. The omega-8 methylene group
      is not the only determinent of inhibitory potency since docosa-10,13,16-triynoic
      acid is less potent than its 18 and 20 carbon analogs and all of these acids have
      an omega-8 methylene group.

PMID- 959585
TI  - The stimulatory effect of prostaglandins on production of hexosamine-containing
      substances by cultured fibroblasts.

PMID- 959586
TI  - Inhibition of renal PGE2-9-ketoreductase by diuretics.
AB  - The metabolism of PGE2 by extracts of renal cortex is species dependent. In the
      rat PGE2-15-hydroxydehydrogenase initiates metabolism whereas in the rabbit PGE2
      9-ketoreductase predominates. In man both mechanisms may operate. Each of the
      metabolic enzymes, which limits the vasodilator-diuretic actions of PGE2, was
      inhibited by ethacrynic acid, furosemide and indomethacin. Some inhibition of
      PGE2-9-ketoreductase was also observed with chlorthalidone, hydralazine and
      phentolamine but the thiazide diuretics and a number of other cardiovascular
      active agents were without significant effect. We conclude that the inhibition of
      PGE2-9-ketoreductase and PGE2-15-hydroxydehydrogeanse could contribute to the
      mechanism of action of the non-thiaxide diuretics in man.

PMID- 959587
TI  - The role of protein synthesis in the stimulation by LH of prostaglandin
      accumulation in rat preovulatory follicles in vitro.
AB  - Preovulatory follicles isolated from immature rats, treated in vivo with pregnant
      mare's serum gonadotropin, were incubated in vitro and the accumulation of
      prostaglandin E measured. The addition of luteinizing hormone (5 mug/ml)
      increased this accumulation, after a lag period of 3 hours. This delay suggested
      the involvement of macromolecular synthesis in the mechanism of prostaglandin
      stimulation by luteinizing hormone. When the synthesis of protein was inhibited
      by the addition of puromycin (100 muM), the luteinizing hormone stimulation of
      prostaglandin E in these follicles was completely abolished. This inhibition was
      not seen with an analogue of puromycin, which does not inhibit protein synthesis,
      puromycin amino-nucleoside. These data suggest that concomitant protein synthesis
      is required for the luteinzing hormone stimulation of prostaglandin accumulation
      in rat follicles.

PMID- 959588
TI  - Avian oviduct motility induced by prostaglandin E1.
AB  - Oviduct segments from infundibulum, magnum, uterus, utero-vaginal junction and
      vagina of actively laying hens at preoviposition time were tested for their
      contractile reaction to prostaglandin E1 by in vitro or in vivo methods. Maximum
      stimulatory response was observed from the muscular strips of the proximal
      oviduct segment (infundibulum) and a complete relaxation was recorded from the
      distal part (vagina) at molar concentrations of 1.4 X 10(-7), 3.4 X 10(-7) and
      7.0 X 10(-7). The uterine strips reacted with a stimulatory response at higher
      concentrations (1.4 X 10(-6) and 2.8 X 10(-6) moles), but lacked any significant
      change at lower concentrations. The uterovaginal muscular strips showed a mild
      but prolonged inhibitory response, while the magnum responded with a significant
      increase in the luminal pressure when tested in vivo. It is concluded that PGE1
      exerts a stimulatory effect on the uterus to initiate transport of the egg to
      subsequent segments (utero-vaginal junction and vagina), which relax under PGE1
      influence and allow passage of the egg by pressure differences.

PMID- 959589
TI  - Considerations into the mechanism of estrogen-stimulated uterine prostaglandin
      synthesis.
AB  - Progesterone priming of the ovariectomized rat, followed by a single injection of
      estradiol-17beta (10 mug) is followed by an increased uterine synthesis of both
      PGF and PGE. The administration of an estrogen antagonist (MER-25; 10 mg)
      concomitantly with estradiol had no effect on uterine prostaglandin synthesis.
      Similarly, the administration of either Actinomycin D or cycloheximide,
      antibiotics demonstrated to inhibit mRNA and protein synthesis, respectively, is
      without effect on estrogen-stimulated uterine prostaglandin synthesis. These
      results are considered with regard to the classic receptor theory of estrogen
      action and are a preliminary indication that estrogen-stimulated uterine
      prostaglandin synthesis may not require those receptor mediated events.

PMID- 959590
TI  - The effects of progesterone, prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin on the calcium
      activation of the uterus.
AB  - The relationship between "activator-calcium" (A-Ca), progesterone (P),
      prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and oxytocin (Oxy) has been examined in 100
      uterine strips of 34 pregnant and 100 strips of 34 post partum rabbits. At the
      25th day of gestation, uterine P was 13.9+/-1.3 ng/g, while within 3-12 hours
      post partum 3.3+/-0.3 ng/g tissue (P less than 0.001). Uterine strips, mounted
      isometrically in Krebs' solution, sustained maximum excitability in a steady
      state when exposed every 30 seconds for 4 seconds to an electric field of 12 V/5
      cm (a.c.). The maximally contracting muscles were then rinsed at intervals of 6
      minutes with Ca-free Krebs. In Ca-free Krebs, the post partum uterus lost 31% of
      its Ca and 96% of its excitability in a short 25 minutes, while the pregnant
      uterus lost 30% of its Ca and 93% of its excitability in 50 minutes (P less than
      0.001). Since the extracellular space is approximately 30% in the uterus, this
      approximately 30% Ca, lost by both muscles, most probably was extracellular Ca
      and the small A-Ca fraction which is presumably "bound" more strongly at the
      membrane systems of the P-dominated pregnant, than the non-dominated post partum
      uterus. The significantly faster and more complete recovery from Ca-deficiency
      and inexcitability of the pregnant than the post partum uterus (P less than
      0.001), at different levels of external Ca, further substantiates this premise.
      So does the demonstration that exposure to Ca-free Krebs increases 45Ca-efflux
      400% in the post partum and only 110% in the pregnant uterus (P less than 0.001).
      Exposure to 100 ng/ml PGF2alpha in normal Krebs has a similar effect on the 45Ca
      efflux of the post partum uterus, while the response of the pregnant uterus is
      indistinct (P less than 0.001). These highly significant differences between the
      post partum and the pregnant uteri in their Ca-efflux explain the higher
      threshold (P less than 0.001) and lower "sensitivity" to PGF2alpha and Oxy (P
      less than 0.001) of the pregnant than the post partum uterus. The already very
      highly significant differences between the two muscles, in threshold and
      sensitivity to these two most potent oxytocics, were increased still further by
      rendering the uterine strips Ca-deficient. All together, these findings
      substantiate the early contention (1-7, 18, 19) that uterine function at the
      cellular level is regulated by opposing actions of the suppressor P and the
      intrinsic stimulant PG or other oxytocic agents on threshold, excitability and
      the Ca-activation of the contractile process.

PMID- 959591
TI  - Further studies on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced gonadotropin release:
      comparison with the effect of 15-methyl PGE2, PGAs, PGBs and prostaglandin
      endoperoxide analogs.
AB  - It is known that PGE2 is a potent stimulus of LH release. To determine if the
      effect of PGE2 could be enhanced and/or prolonged by retarding its metabolic
      degradation, a derivative, 15-methyl PGE2 (15-E2) which is more slowly degraded
      than the natural compound was injected intravenously (i.v.) at various dose
      levels or into the third ventricle (3rd V) of ether-anesthetized, ovariectomized,
      estrogen (OVX, Eb)-treated rats and its effect on gonadotropin release was
      compared with that of PGE2. Both PGs injected i.v. were equally effective in
      increasing plamsa LH and maintaining the elevated levels, although 15-E2 induced
      a larger and more sustained increase in plasma FSH than PGE2. By contrast, 3rd V
      PGE2 was clearly more effective than 3rd V 15-E2 in releasing LH and to a lesser
      extent, FSH. The effect of 15-E2 on LH was similar to that produced by 3rd V
      PGE1, injected at a similar dose. However, its effect on FSH was greater than
      that of PGE1. To evaluate the effect(s) of prostaglandins of the A and B series
      on gonadotropin release, PGA1, PGA2, PGB1 or PGB2 were injected
      intraventricularly in OVX, Eb-treated rats. PGBs were injected into conscious,
      free-moving rats. PGA2 or PGB2 increased plasma LH concentrations although much
      less effectively than PGE2. Third V PGA1 or PGB1 were ineffective. The 3rd V
      injection of two cyclic esters (U-44069 and U-46619), stable analogs of the PG
      endoperoxide PGG2 and PGH2, induced a small, transient increase in LH levels and
      did not alter plasma FSH in conscious, free-moving animals. PGE2 injected
      intraventricularly at a similar dose was demonstrated to be mcuh more potent than
      the analogs in stimulating LH and FSH release. The results indicate that: 1) 15
      E2, in spite of its described long-lasting activity, does not appear to be more
      potent than the natural compound in releasing LH, although when injected i.v., it
      appeared to induce a more sustained increase in plasma FSH; 2) although PGA2 and
      PGB2 can also act centrally to stimulate LH release, their low potency suggests
      that this is a pharmacological effect; and 3) the two analogs of PG endoperoxides
      tested proved to be poor stimuli for gonadotropin release. The significance of
      these findings is discussed.

PMID- 959592
TI  - [Oedipus complex in contemporary psychoanalytic theory].

PMID- 959593
TI  - [Psychoanalysis of an epileptic patient with an hysterical character].

PMID- 959594
TI  - [Thomas Bernhard's "events", or, the return of the repressed. A psychoanalytic
      interpretation].

PMID- 959595
TI  - [Natural science and the compulsive programmer].

PMID- 959596
TI  - [Dreams, unconscious fantasies, and perceived identity].

PMID- 959597
TI  - [Internalization: real process or fantasy?].

PMID- 959598
TI  - [Infrequently described elements of the psychoanalytic relationship and their
      therapeutic implications].

PMID- 959599
TI  - [Social tasks of psychotherapy].

PMID- 959600
TI  - Gas-chromatographic methods for the study of chlorpromazine and some of its
      metabolities in human plasma.

PMID- 959601
TI  - Electroconvulsive shock and norepinephrine uptake kinetics in the rat brain.
AB  - The kinetic constants, apparent Km and Vmax, for the uptake of 3H-1
      norepinephrine in cerebral cortical homogenates of the rat brain were not altered
      5 min after a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS). However, one day after the
      last of a series of 14 ECS the apparent Km and Vmax were significantly increased
      above sham-shock controls, and ECS rats lost weight. Three days after the last
      ECS apparent Km and Vmax were significantly decreased, while the rate of weight
      gain tripled in the ECS rats. One week after the last ECS the kinetic constants
      and rate of weight gain were no different from sham-shock controls. These data
      are indicative of the strong compensatory mechanisms in the normal rat to the
      alterations induced by ECS.

PMID- 959602
TI  - Attentuation of precipitated abstinence in methadone-dependent rats by delta9
      THC.

PMID- 959603
TI  - [Program for the prevention of coronary disease].

PMID- 959604
TI  - [The methodological principles of the active prevention conducted within the
      framework of "the Polish trial" of the primary prevention of I.H.D (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959605
TI  - [Treatment of hypertension in prevention of coronary heart disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959606
TI  - [Structure and basic activities of a consultation unit on metabolic disorders
      within the programme for prevention of coronary heart disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 959607
TI  - [Structure and guidelines of the psychocreative program of an antinicotine
      consultation unit in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959608
TI  - [Organisation and methods of standard (passive) prevention in the programme for
      prevention of coronary heart disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 959609
TI  - [The assessment or dietary intake used in the Polish trial of primary prevention
      of coronary heart disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 959610
TI  - [Questionnaire polling in evaluation of diet utilized in programme for prevention
      of coronary heart disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 959611
TI  - [Population included in the programme for prevention of coronary heart disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959612
TI  - [Results of cholesterol assessment in a male population (author's transl)].

PMID- 959613
TI  - [Results of triglicerides assessment in a male population (author's transl)].

PMID- 959614
TI  - [Results of glucose assessment in a male population (author's transl)].

PMID- 959615
TI  - [Blood pressure values in men included in prevention of coronary heart disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959616
TI  - [Incidence of ECG abnormalities in a male population (author's transl)].

PMID- 959617
TI  - [Incidence of addiction to cigarette smoking in the light of population studies
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959618
TI  - [Incidence of chronic nonspecific diseases of the respiratory system in male
      population covered by programme for prevention of coronary heart disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959619
TI  - [Characteristics of tubercular lesions in the Malagasy zebu. Origin.
      Distribution. Correlations].

PMID- 959620
TI  - [Biometry, morphology and virulence of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense
      through 640 passages in mice during 10 years].

PMID- 959621
TI  - [Rafoxanide in the treatment of fasciola gigantica fascioliasis in the zebu of
      Chad].

PMID- 959622
TI  - [Reaction of the cattle to the intradermal injection of a specific antigen of the
      genus Fasciola. Preliminary trial in view of an application to the diagnosis of
      the infestation].

PMID- 959623
TI  - [Rearing of glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, 1949 (Diptera-Muscidae) at
      Maisons-Alfort].

PMID- 959624
TI  - [Nutritional mineral supplementation and weight loss in sahelian zebus during the
      dry season].

PMID- 959625
TI  - [Experimentation in artificial insemination in Cameroon, by importation of frozen
      semen. II. Attempt at estrus synchronization in femal zebus].

PMID- 959626
TI  - [Editorial: Epidemiology and the politics of health].

PMID- 959627
TI  - The contribution of epidemiology to knowledge of cancer.
AB  - Epidemiology has contributed to knowledge of cancer in five ways. First, it has
      demonstrated that all cancers that are at all common anywhere vary in incidence
      from place to place and from time to time. The amount of variation is large,
      sometimes several hundred fold, and no cancers are so uniformly common that they
      would affect as many as 1 per cent of people by 75 years of age, in the absence
      of other causes of death, in all countries. Studies of migrant groups and the
      changes that have occurred with time show that this variation is, in large part,
      due to environmental factors and that most cancers are, in principle,
      preventible. Secondly it has shown that the incidence of specific cancers can be
      correlated with the prevalence of factors in the environment that might be
      suspected of causing the disease. Recent correlations include those between
      oesophageal cancer in Iran and the consumption of certain locally produced foods,
      between colon cancer and the presence of certain groups of anaerobic bacteria in
      the faeces, and between liver cancer and the amount of aflatoxin in the diet.
      These correlations do not provide direct evidence of causation, but they do
      suggest ideas for investigation by other methods. Thirdly, epidemiology has
      provided means for testing hypotheses by relating the occurrence of particular
      types of cancer to the personal characteristics of individuals, either by
      studying the past experience of people with and without cancer, or by following
      up people whose exposure to suspected agents has been previously defined. In this
      way it has been possible to detect dozens of occupational hazards in industry,
      which is many more than have been detected by laboratory experiment. Fourthly,
      epidemiology has confirmed that an agent is a cause of cancer by monitoring the
      effects of intervention to reduce or prevent exposure. An example is provided by
      observation in British doctors, who have reduced their consumption of cigarettes
      to half the national average and have experienced a corresponding reduction in
      the risk of death from cancers of the lung.

PMID- 959628
TI  - [Estimation of risk as a function of risk factors: 1. Description of the method
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper describes a model which makes allowance for unequal follow up times in
      estimating the risk as a function of risk factors. It is the exponential model
      with a hazard which is also an exponential function of risk factors. Computing
      methods and an extension of the model are given.

PMID- 959629
TI  - [Estimation of risk as a function of risk factors. II.--Application to the
      multivariate analysis of coronary heart disease in a middle aged male population
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The annual incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a 8000 male professionnal
      group, aged 42-53, is computed from the model of LELLOUCH and al. described in
      the first part of this work. It is shown that each of five risk factors
      (cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarettes consumption, diabetes history and
      abnormal electrocardiogram) brings its own contribution to the CHD risk, which
      may be estimated by an exponential function of a linear combination of the levels
      of the five factors. "Risk tables" useful in current practice are described.

PMID- 959630
TI  - [Chronic bronchitis and risk factors in employees of the sanitation department,
      city of Geneva].
AB  - The MRC questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was applied to 429 employees of the
      sanitation department of the city of Geneva. At the same time, the PFR was
      determined. The prevalence of the chronic bronchitis was shown to be three times
      as high in this sample as in the active population of Geneva from the same age
      group. According to our results, the severity of the respiratory symptoms as well
      as the level of the respiratory function depended, besides age, on the three risk
      factors which had been taken into account: cigarette smoking, a history of
      broncho-pulmonary disease and occupational exposure to weather conditions and air
      pollution. In the absence of these factors, the severity of symptoms was the
      lowest and the respiratory function the highest. With all these factors combined,
      the severity of symptoms was the most pronounced and the function the worst,
      particularly in bronchitics. It seems that prevention of chronic bronchitis
      should not rely only upon antismoking propaganda but that the combination of
      several risks factors should be avoided.

PMID- 959631
TI  - [Epidemiology of S. aureus cross-infections in dermatological wards].
AB  - Over a three-year period, 196 of 3115 patients admitted in a dermatological
      department became infected with S. aureus (6,2 %). 205 strains of S. aureus were
      isolated. Serologic typing, phage-typing and antibiotic sensitivity tests
      revealed 3 epidemic and 2 endemic strains. The 3 epidemic strains infected 24
      patients: 12 from july to november 1972 were infected with a serotype 66438 S.
      aureus resistant to fusidic acid. 6 patients (male) were infected with a serotype
      III in february and march 1972; 8 patients were contaminated with a serotype 18
      S. aureus from december 1973 to february 1974, after staying in a surgical
      department. Of the 2 endemic strains 1, phage-pattern 53/79, is non-typable by
      serologic-typing; this strain has been observed only in the dermatological
      department and 20 patients were infected with, from january to october 1974. The
      second endemic strain, phage-pattern 81/+ serotype I, cross-infected 16 patients
      during this three-year survey; 12 of them were admitted repeatedly. During this
      three-year survey, it could be proved that, at least, 1 out of 3 patients is
      infected with an epidemic or an endemic strain. We can suggest that the factors
      enhancing cross-infection in dermatological department are: the sex of patients
      (80 % were male); presence of a tween splitting enzyme by S. aureus promotes
      growth of Staphylococci on the skin; patients transfered from a department to
      another or repeatedly admitted are more often infected. But, as they are source
      of some outbreaks, they need special measures (asepsis and hygiene); corticoids
      or immunodepressors enhance cross-infection; antibiotics must not be only limited
      but varied too.

PMID- 959632
TI  - [Proximal or superselective gastric vagotomy in hypersecreting peptic ulcer. Is
      it sufficient, or is antrectomy needed?].

PMID- 959633
TI  - [Complications of gastric resection in vagotomized duodenal ulcer patients].

PMID- 959634
TI  - [Endoscopic cytology in the diagnosis of different anatomopathological types of
      stomach cancer].

PMID- 959635
TI  - [Analysis of normal parameters of gastric chemism after pentagastrin stimulation,
      its diagnostic value in duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 959636
TI  - [A case of Swiss type dysgammaglobulinemia (thymic allymphoplasia) associated to
      gastroenterological disorders].

PMID- 959637
TI  - [Malignant anorectal melanoma].

PMID- 959638
TI  - [Formation a elimination of biliary calculi. Round table in the Academia de
      Ciencias Medicas de Bilbao].

PMID- 959639
TI  - [Treatment of sport injuries by using paramethasone acetate].

PMID- 959640
TI  - [On the vocational prognoses of patients with peroneal muscular atrophy (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Examined were 43 patients and 27 relatives all suffering from a hypertrophic type
      of peroneal muscular atrophy. Owing to foot deformities and a slowing of the
      nerve conduction velocity a diagnosis was already possible in their childhoods in
      the majority of cases. Although, after the 20th year of age, the pareses of the
      legs progress only slowly, considerable pareses of the small hand muscles can
      still develop in adults. With adequate counselling, rehabilitation measures
      should become necessary only in rare cases, or, if a kypho-scoliosis has already
      developed in childhood (10% of our cases).

PMID- 959641
TI  - [Trampoline therapy with brain-injured children and adolescents (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Trampoline therapy is a useful part of the medical rehabilitation treatment of
      brain-injured children and adolescents, if the basic principles of accident
      prevention are observed. The therapy should only consist of systematically
      organised exercise series and be carried out by adequately trained sport
      teachers, medical paedagogues or physical therapists. In the "Jugendwerk
      Gailingen" an improvement of the standing balance and movement co-ordination was
      achieved in more than 20 patients with hemiparesis and tetraparesis. Only little
      progress was achieved in atactic and athetoid patients. It is important to stress
      the positive psychological effects of the trampoline therapy.

PMID- 959642
TI  - [Brachial plexus injuries caused by motor-cycle accidents- catamneses (author's
      transl)].
AB  - During the last eight years we examined 45 patients, mostly juvenile, with
      brachial plexus injuries arising from motor-cycle and moped accidents. The
      neurological findings, radiological picture on the myelogramme, sanguineous
      fluid, different electrodiagnostic examinations and sweat secretion tests
      provided information on the location of the lesion and the defects to be expected
      at a later date. However, no method permitted determination of the total extent
      of the damage. In some cases we observed partial, oftern considerable improvement
      even in the second and third post-accidential years. Follow-up studies showed the
      significance of the personality structure as well as social conditions with
      respect to vocational rehabilitation, and the danger of early resignation.
      Consequently, rehabilitation efforts should start immediately after the healing
      of the initially incurred injuries.

PMID- 959643
TI  - [Statistical data on rehabilitation measures. methods and results of a new
      federal statistics report (author's transl)].

PMID- 959644
TI  - [Catamnestic studies of the value of vocational prognoses for persons with
      infantile brain-damage (author's transl)].
AB  - The basis of this study is the examination of 100 people who suffered from severe
      neurological and psychic defect syndromes. Of this group 49 were re-examined
      eight years later- age-range then 20 to 34. The vocational prognoses which were
      given at the first examination were determined according to the degree of
      severity of the disability and proved to be correct in 39 cases. In five cases
      each, the level of productivity was assessed either too high or too low. Only
      eleven of the sample group had an income exceeding DM 500,-45 were living either
      with their families or in institutions, and of the remaining four, who rented
      rooms, two were married. The course of life of this category of people, who
      suffers from such a wide range of disabilities, can be facilitated if attention
      is paid to the vocational prognosis before the individual starts vocational
      training.

PMID- 959646
TI  - Vocational training of the severely retarded: expectations and potential.

PMID- 959645
TI  - Behavioral contributions to rehabilitation and childhood asthma.

PMID- 959647
TI  - An evaluation of vocational placement success at a comprehensive rehabilitation
      center.

PMID- 959648
TI  - Immunization against HCG-beta for suppressing human fertility.

PMID- 959649
TI  - Contrasting mechanisms of adrenal catecholamine release by acetylcholine and high
      potassium.
AB  - Continuous twenty minute exposure of isolated perfused bovine adrenal glands to
      high potassium concentrations produced shorter durations of catecholamine release
      than twenty minute continuous stimulation with acetylcholine. Catecholamine
      release during continuous exposure to potassium decreased linearly on a semilog
      plot, whereas acetylcholine caused a biphasic release of catecholamine. Glands
      previously treated with high potassium responded poorly to acetylcholine;
      however, glands previously treated with acetylcholine showed a maximum response
      to high potassium concentrations. Full recovery of the response to acetylcholine
      after high potassium treatment occurred in twenty minutes. High potassium
      concentrations appear to evoke secretion of "readily releasable" material only,
      whereas acetylcholine has access to a larger catecholamine store in the adrenal.

PMID- 959650
TI  - In vivo dopamine release and prostaglandin E2.
AB  - Cerebroventricular perfusion of cats pretreated with H3-dopamine was used to
      monitor the neuronal release of dopamine. Infusion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10
      6M) has no effect upon this release. Electrical stimulation in the region of the
      ascending dopamine containing fibers in the lateral hypothalamus results in a
      marked increase in H3-dopamine release. Infusion of PGE2 during electrical
      stimulation does not alter this release either in the presence of normal (1.16
      mM) or elevated (7.5 mM) Ca++. Under the conditions of these experiments, PGE2
      does not modulate dopamine release to any measureable degree.

PMID- 959651
TI  - Comparison of the effects of R-(-)-2-amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)
      propane (DOM), r-(-)-2-amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl) butane (BL-3912A)
      and 5-hydroxytryptamine on non-innervated vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - Isolated strips of sheep umbilical arteries contracted in the presence of R-(-)-2
      amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl) butane (BL3912A). These contractions faded
      over an hour period and at this time BL3912A antagonized contractions to R-(-)
      DOM, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) but not to angiotensin. The initial contraction
      produced by BL3912A was antagonized by cinanserin, a 5-HT antagonist. These
      experiments indicate that BL3912A can be classified as a partial agonist of 5-HT
      receptors in sheep umbilical arteries.

PMID- 959652
TI  - Prostaglandin biosynthesis and metabolism in rat brain slices.
AB  - Prostaglandin F2alpha and E were measured in the slices and in the media after
      incubation of rat brain slices. About 5 to 10 times more prostaglandin F2alpha
      than prostaglandin E was found, most of which was secreted into the media. In the
      absence of oxygen or in the presence of indomethacin, prostaglandin levels in
      both the slices and media were reduced. Serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine,
      and DOPA, at 10(-3) M concentrations, increased the prostaglandin F2alpha/E ratio
      in both the media and slices. The levels of prostaglandins F2alpha found in the
      slices and media when the slices were incubated with prostaglandin E2 increased
      significantly, this increase being independent of the presence of indomethacin.
      This suggests that prostaglandin E2 was being converted to F2alpha by a
      prostaglandin E2 9-ketoreductase in the rat brain slices.

PMID- 959653
TI  - Prevention by calcium administration of reserpine action on rat brain
      noradrenaline stores: a reappraisal.
AB  - The conditions under which pretreatment with a calcium salt may prevent the
      action of reserpine on brain noradrenaline stores in the rat were investigated.
      The results show that only after subcutaneous administration of reserpine in the
      same site as a previous CaCl2 injection, was the action of reserpine prevented
      and reduced levels of this drug were found in the brain. Conversely, the
      depletion of encephalic noradrenaline following reserpine, as well as the
      reserpine brain concentration, were not affected by subcutaneously administered
      calcium chloride, when reserpine was administered either intravenously, or
      subcutaneously in a site different from that selected for pretreatment with the
      calcium salt. In essence calcium chloride, a well known irritant, acts
      accordingly at the site of subcutaneous administration, thus limiting by a non
      specific mechanism the absorption of reserpine. Under similar conditions, in
      fact, the absorption of a different drug, i.e. harmaline, was likewise altered.
      In view of these findings the significance of some studies on calcium-reserpine
      interaction appearing in the literature requires a reappraisal.

PMID- 959654
TI  - The effect of CC14 on uterine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the rat.
      Inhibition by CC14 of the induction of ODC by E2 and o,p'DDT.
AB  - The oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (CC14) to ovariectomized rats
      markedly inhibited the elevation of uterine decarboxylase (ODC) by estradiol
      17beta (E2) and by 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane
      (o,p'DDT). The inhibition of ODC induction by CC14 does not appear to be mediated
      by the formation of an inhibitor of ODC activity. CC14 treatment caused no
      observable alteration in the uterine cytosolic E2 receptor. Namely, there was no
      alteration by CC14 in the number of E2 binding sites, in the affinity of the
      receptor for E2 or in the sedimentation constant of the 8S receptor. Furthermore,
      the possibility that CC14 inhibition of ODC induction is a resultant of an
      initial stimulation of this uterine enzyme by CC14 was excluded. The potential
      inhibitory effect of CC14 by direct of indirect route on uterine protein
      synthesis is discussed.

PMID- 959655
TI  - Preparation of guinea pig hepatic microsomes: a comparison of three techniques.
AB  - Hepatic microsomal preparations by Ca2+-aggregation and gel filtration on
      Sepharose 2B were compared with the product obtained by differential
      centrifugation, using liver from adult male guinea pigs. The conventionally
      prepared microsomes were translucent and rose-red in color. Those prepared by
      Ca2+-aggregation were a cream or light pink color whereas the gel-filtered
      microsomes were opalescent and white. The specific activities of microsomal p
      nitroanisole O-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and nonspecific carboxylase were
      highest in the Ca2+-aggregated microsomes, intermediate in the gel-filtered
      preparation and lowest in the conventional microsomes. Electron microscopy
      revealed vesicular preparations of similar appearance though the Ca2+-aggregated
      microsomes were larger and contained more aggregates of free ribosomes.

PMID- 959656
TI  - Effect of various estrogen treatment schedules on antithrombin III levels.
AB  - Antithrombin III levels were determined in 18 normal indiviuals of both sexes, 24
      pregnant women (at term), 20 patients treated with oral contraceptives and 21
      postmenopausal patients treated with Premarin. There was no sex difference in
      antithrombin III levels in the untreated control group. Pregnant women at term
      had the lowest levels of antithrombin III. The second lowest values were
      exhibited by women on oral contraceptives. Both of these groups differed
      significantly (p less than 0.05) from the controls. Premarin treated
      postmenopausal women had somewhat lower levels of antithrombin III than controls
      but these were statistically not significant.

PMID- 959657
TI  - Effect of phospholipase C on lymphocyte responses to mitogen.
AB  - Peripheral lymphocytes treated with phospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine cholin
      phosphohydrolase E [3.1.4.3]) were examined for their response to mitogen and
      rosette formations. High levels of phospholipase C (greater than 0.01 unit)
      showed significant toxic effects on the peripheral lymphocytes as examined by the
      trypan blue exclusion test. This was attributable to "impurities" in the Cl.
      perfringens phospholipase C preparation since recovery of the mitogen responses
      were incomplete after heat inactivation of the enzyme. Active phospholipase C at
      0.005 unit significantly (50%) suppressed the PHA response with little or no
      effect on the PWM stimulation. Similarly, a significant suppression of E rosette
      formation occurred with phospholipase C (0.005 u) treated lymphocytes.
      Suppression of similarly treated lymphocytes to EAC rosette was slight. It is
      suggested that the removal of phosphorylated amines from membrane surfaces
      affects T-cells more than B-cells and that the use of phospholipase C is a useful
      means of examining membrane functions of the lymphoid system.

PMID- 959658
TI  - Adenine nucleotides in thiamine deficient rat brain.
AB  - The net levels and turnover of ATP, ADP, and AMP were measured in the cortex and
      brainstem of thiamine deficient and control rats. In spite of a 63% decrease in
      pyruvate decarboxylase activity in the brainstem of severely deficient rats,
      metabolism of the adenine nucleotides was unaffected. These data indicate a major
      reserve capacity for pyruvate decarboxylase and show that the adenylate pool is
      not significantly altered in thiamine deficient rat brain.

PMID- 959659
TI  - The glycogen-depleting effect of non-epinephrine on the myocardium of the six and
      one-half day chick embryo.
AB  - The myocardial glycogen of the six and one-half day chick embryo is lowered
      significantly by the in-ovo presentation of nor-epinephrine (1.0 to 20.0
      micrograms/egg). This glycogen-depleting effect was neither dosage- nor time
      dependent.

PMID- 959660
TI  - Gamma-hydroxybutyrate in CSF during sleep and wakefulness.

PMID- 959661
TI  - Effect of cycloserine stereoisomers and theophylline on the release of tritium
      from 2-tritio-L-alanine.
AB  - The aearance of tritium in plasma water was measured after i.p. injection of 2
      tritio-L-alanine as an index of alanine transamination in rats. L-Cycloserine (10
      mg/kg) and D-cycloserine (150 mg/kg) inhibited tritium release, whereas
      theophylline (100 mg/kg) stimulated tritium release.

PMID- 959662
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of enkephalins in the stimulated guinea pig
      ileum.
AB  - A number of analogs and homologs of methionine-enkephalin (H.Tyr.
      Gly.Gly.Phe.Met.OH) have been synthesized by the Merrifield method of solid phase
      peptide synthesis. Each peptide was assayed by inhibition of electrically evoked
      contraction of the guinea pig ileum. The minimum sequence required for biological
      activity in this preparation was found to be the pentapeptide unit. Methionine
      was readily replaced by norleucine to give an analog with approximately 50% of
      the potency of the parent compound. Leucineenkephalin has about 15-20% of the
      potency of the methionine dervative. Modification of the N-terminal tyrosine
      moiety (i.e. substitution by phenylalanine or removal of the amino group)
      practically abolished activity. Incorporation of O-methyl tyrosine into the
      peptide reduced potency to 1% of the parent compound. The significance of these
      and other findings in terms of the topography of the guinea pig ileum receptor
      site is discussed.

PMID- 959663
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of plasma levels of d-Propoxyphene and l-Propoxyphene
      using stable isotope labels and mass fragmentography.
AB  - When racemic propoxyphene was administered orally to dogs, plasma levels of d
      propoxyphene were higher than those of l-propoxyphene. The half-life of d
      propoxyphene was also longer than that of the l-isomer. Measurements were
      performed by labeling one isomer of a racemic mixture with deuterium and then
      measuring d- vs. l- ratios by mass fragmentography. An intravenous experiment was
      also performed and confirmed the preferential uptake of the levo isomer. To do
      these experiments successfully propoxyphene isomers were labeled on the benzyl
      methylene with deuterium atoms. In vivo studies demonstrated that this labeling
      position was sufficiently far removed from the point of metabolic attack in the
      molecule so that no interfering isotope effect existed. The methodology outlined
      in this paper will be of great value in the study of the disposition of the
      individual isomers of racemic drugs.

PMID- 959664
TI  - Potentiation of isoproterenol effect by ascorbic acid.
AB  - Intraduodenal administration of isoproterenol together with ascorbic acid caused
      a much greater increase in the heart rate and pulse pressure, and a greater
      decrease in the mean blood pressure of anesthetized dogs than was observed after
      intraduodenal administration of isoproterenol alone. No potentiating effect was
      observed when isoproterenol and the vitamin were injected intravenously.

PMID- 959665
TI  - Effects of cannabinoids on the perfused rat heart.
AB  - In the isolated perfused rat heart cardiac rate and contractility are directly
      affected by four naturally occurring cannabis constituents, delta9
      tetrahydrocannabinol, delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol.
      All the drugs depressed myocardial contractility. Their effect on rate, however,
      was not uniform: delta8-Tetrahydrocannabinol produced cardiac arrhythmias but no
      other consistent change; both delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol caused
      tachycardia; but cannabidiol produced bradycardia, arrhythmias and asystole. In
      addition, as a consequent of the dispostion of the cannabinoids to accumulate in
      the isolated heart, high tissue concentrations appeared in conjunction with the
      direct cardiac effects.

PMID- 959666
TI  - Environmental interaction of lead and cadmium on reproduction and metabolism of
      male rats.
AB  - To study the environmental interaction of lead and cadmium on reproduction and
      metabolism 70 male sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into 7 goups. Goups 1
      and 2 served as controls, 3 and 4 were injected daily with 50 and 250 ug of lead
      respectively, 5 and 6 with 50 and 250 ug of cadmium respectively and group 7 with
      25 ug of both lead and cadmium. After 70 days of injections rats were sacrificed.
      In group 6 cadmium injection caused enlargement of adrenal, liver, kidney and
      spleen but retarded growth, reduction in size of prostate, testes, epididymis and
      hepatic enzyme activity. Groups 4 and6 had the highest and most significant
      mineral concentration in blood and liver. Testes histology of group 7 showed an
      absence of spermatogenesis in some seminiferous tubules indicating that low
      levels of lead and cadmium together have a more synergetic damaging effect on rat
      testes than higher levels of lead or cadmium alone. This study suggests that
      blood mineral levels should be used with other more sensitive clinical tests to
      assess the toxicity picture in humans.

PMID- 959667
TI  - Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. IX. Gingival and leucocytic deficiencies of
      coenzyme Q10 in patients with periodontal disease.
AB  - The specific activities of the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q10 reductase in
      mitochondria were determined for patients from a normal periodontal practice. The
      criteria for selection were patients having a bone score of 1.0-4.0 and a pocket
      depth of 2.5-5.2 mm. All 29 patients showed a deficiency of 20-63% of CoQ10
      enzyme activity in gingival biopsies. The mean value was elevated (P less than
      0.001) over that of controls. For corresponding blood samples, 24/28 (86%) showed
      deficiencies of 20-66% and a higher (P less than 0.001) mean value than that of
      controls. Periodontal patients frequently have significant gingival and
      leucocytic deficiencies of CoQ10. The leucocytic deficiency indicates a systemic
      nutritional imbalance and is not likely caused by neglected oral hygiene. A
      gingival deficiency could predispose this tissue to periodontitis and this
      disease could even augment the deficiency. These results support previously
      suggested adjunctive use of CoQ10 with oral hygiene for improved treatment
      presumably through bioenergetics.

PMID- 959668
TI  - Behavioral and metabolic interaction of propylene glycol vehicle and delta-9
      tetrahydrocannabinol.

PMID- 959669
TI  - Intersubject variation of warfarin binding to protein in serum of normal
      subjects.
AB  - The protein binding of warfarin was determined in the serum of 18 normal adult
      subjects (8 males and 10 females). A statistically significant negative
      correlation between free fraction of warfarin and albumin concentration was
      found. The free fraction of warfarin in the serum of women was significantly
      larger than that in the serum of men, apparently due to the lower albumin
      concentration in the serum of women.

PMID- 959670
TI  - Effect of phenylbutazone on the metabolic disposition of warfarin in the dog.
AB  - Phenylbutazone has been shown to modify the physiologic disposition of warfarin
      in the dog. Dogs pretreated with phenylbutazone for a week, and permitted to
      remain drug-free for an additional week, eliminated warfarin from plasma 2-3
      times faster than non-pretreated controls with an average half-life of 7.8 hours.
      In-vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism of warfarin and cytochrome P-450 content
      were greater for hepatic microsomes derived from phenylbutazone pretreated
      animals.

PMID- 959671
TI  - Regional brain catecholamine levels after intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine in
      the neonatal rat.

PMID- 959672
TI  - In vitro and in vivo inhibition of rat liver, brain and muscle monoamine oxidase
      by chlorpromazine and imipramine.

PMID- 959673
TI  - Effect of growth hormone on weight and mitochondrial protein content of rat
      heart.
AB  - In male rats hypophysectomy reduced the wet weight of hearts per 100 g body
      weight. The yield of mitochondrial protein per g heart was also decreased which
      is in contrast to that in liver. Adiminstration of bGH to hypophysectomized rats
      reversed these changes towards normal. It appears that some of the effects of
      growth hormone may vary in different tissues.

PMID- 959674
TI  - Influence of diaphragmatic contraction and expiratory flow on the pattern of lung
      emptying.
AB  - Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and expiratory flow (V) were monitored during
      vital capacity single breath N2 washouts in 7 seated subjects. Transient
      increases in V were produced (1) actively, by subjects increasing mouth pressure
      while expiring through a constant resistance of (2) passively, by the operator
      transiently decreasing the resistance. Voluntary contraction of the diaphragm
      (increased Pdi) was achieved when abdominal muscles were tensed while maintaining
      V constant. In 5 subjects a transient increase in Pdi of 25-150 cm H2O
      consistently produced a transient increase in expired N2 concentration of 1.80 +/
      0.06% (Mean +/- 1 SE); in 1 subject N2 concentration decreased by 0.8% to 2.7%
      N2, and in one subject the alveolar plateau was uninfluenced by changes in Pdi.
      Passive increases in V up to 21/sec had no effect on FEN2 in any of the subjects.
      Active increase in V changed FEN2 only when associated with increases in Pdi.
      Qualitatively similar results were obtained during helium (He) bolus washouts.
      However, whereas diaphragmatic contraction, maintained throughout expiration, had
      no measurable influence on the N2 washout, it changed the slope of the He
      alveolar plateau in 6 out of 7 subjects. We conclude that in normal subjects the
      alveolar N2 plateau is relatively insensitive to flow variations up to 21/sec.
      The fluctuations in FEN2 observed when the expiratory flow is varied are due to
      concomittant changes in Pdi. We propose that diaphragmatic contraction changes
      the pattern of lung emptying by altering the vertical gradient of pleural
      pressure.

PMID- 959675
TI  - Pulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses in the avian lung: do they exist?
AB  - A search for pulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses was made in 15 adult domestic
      fowls using Lycopodium spores and microspheres. The diameter of the spores and
      microspheres ranged from about 10 to 33 mum. To dilate any pulmonary
      arteriovenous anastomoses, the birds were warmed to induce panting, killed with
      chloroform, or injected intravenously with papavarine. The spores or microspheres
      were injected either into the jugular vein under anaesthesia, or into the
      pulmonary artery after death. After the pulmonary arterial injections, the
      effluent from the pulmonary vein, and histological sections of the lungs, were
      examined for spores or microspheres. When injections were made into the jugular
      vein, blood smears from the pulmonary veins, left atrium, and the aorta, as well
      as histological sections of the lungs and other organs were inspected. The
      results of all these experiments showed that no spores or microspheres were ever
      found on the venous side of the pulmonary circulation, indicating absence of
      pulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses.

PMID- 959676
TI  - Pattern of breathing during hypoxia or hypercapnia of the awake or anesthetized
      cat.
AB  - The breathing patterns during hypoxia and hypercapnia are similar in anesthetized
      cats but are qualitatively different in awake cats. The differences seen in the
      awake animals can be explained by either the central depressive effect of hypoxia
      or by a specific effect of hypercapnia on supra-pontine structures. The Breuer
      Hering reflex sensitivity, i.e. the VT-TI relationship, appears, in the awake
      cat, quite similar to that recently described in man. The inspiratory activity is
      shown to be controlled by mechanisms dependent on the nature of the respiratory
      stimulation. The recent model proposed for the control of inspiration during
      anesthesia must be modified to account for the results observed in awake animal.

PMID- 959677
TI  - The interaction of the lung and chest wall in dogs.
AB  - The deformation of the lung by the chest wall was observed on radiographs of the
      ribs and interspaces and on morphologic preparations of samples cut from the
      frozen thorax. The effect of these deformities on the distribution of ventilation
      and regional lung volume of the underlying lung was determined using Xenon 133.
      We found that ribs and interspaces deform the lung surface with different radii
      of curvature, suggesting local differences in pleural pressure and that traction
      on the thoracic limb caused deformities in the underlying interspaces which were
      similar to those produced by 20 cm H2O mouth pressure. Xenon 133 showed that
      these changes in pressure had no effect on the regional volume or on ventilation
      distribution in the underlying lung. We conclude that changes in pleural pressure
      produced by localized deformities exert their effect close to the deformity and
      that the underlying lung responds to the average pressure exerted over a much
      larger area of the pleural surface.

PMID- 959678
TI  - Lung tissue plasticity: morphometric analysis of anisotropic strain in liquid
      filled lungs.
AB  - Lungs of rats were fixed at different inflation pressures (Ptp) during liquid
      filling with the pulmonary vessels tied to prevent vascular volume change after
      fixation had begun. Morphometric analysis showed that alveolar surface varied as
      a alveolar volume (Va) to the power 0.82, while the arithmetic mean tissue
      thickness varied as Va-0.2. This is interpreted as evidence for anisotropic
      expansion. Capillary volume (Vc) was found to increase from zero Ptp to a maximum
      at Ptp = 2 cm H2O then decrease as Va increased. Morphometric diffusion capacity
      of the membrane component increased as Va0.59 while that for whole lung
      (DL)paralleled the change in Vc. Alveolar capillary tissue unfolding is described
      as the main factor accounting for anistropic expansion of alveolar surface and
      for capillary configuration. The absolute values of Vc and DL were lower by 60%
      and 50%, respectively, compared with values obtained by standard instillation
      fixation methods and this is suggested could account for previous discrepancres
      between morphometric and physiologic estimates of DL.

PMID- 959679
TI  - Effect of antigen challenge on sensitized guinea pig trachea.
AB  - Isolated tracheal preparations (ITP) were obtained from control guinea pigs and
      animals with acute and chronic experimental asthma (AA and CHA). It was observed
      that after in vitro antigen challenge, in addition to the classic Schultz-Dale
      response (the immediate increase in the tone of sensitized airway smooth muscle),
      a significant increase of the active state of airway smooth muscle was seen. This
      active state was observed as the potentiated, phasic, mechanical activities of
      ITP and was evaluated by both maximum active tension (AT max) and maximum rate of
      tension development (dT/dt). No apparent functional differences in the tonic
      response or the active state of airway smooth muscle between AA and CHA animals
      were found. Tracheas isolated from animals with CHA demonstrated smooth muscle
      hypertrophy as measured by wet, dry and relative weights of the tracheas. The
      repeated administration of antigen into the experimental bath was ineffective in
      inducing any physiological changes. The administration of histamine to ITP from
      control animals induced changes of mechanical activities of trachea comparable to
      those seen in both AA and CHA animals.

PMID- 959680
TI  - The effect of lung reflexes on the pattern of breathing in cats.
AB  - Tidal volume (VT), and inspiratory (tI) AND EXPIRATORY (TE) durations have been
      measured in anaesthetized cats on stimulation of alveolar type J (nociceptive)
      and lung irritant receptors by intravenous injections of phenyl diguanide and of
      histamine acid phosphate respectively. The reflexes were studied during eupnoea,
      hypercapnic and hypoxic hyperpnoea, during rebreathing from hyperventilation
      apnoea and at different body temperatures. In all conditions the drugs caused
      rapid shallow breathing with reduction in VT, tI and tE. The VT/tI relationship
      for injection of the drugs was different from that caused by hypercapnic
      stimulation of breathing, but the tI/tE relationship was proportionally similar
      for all conditions. Recording single unit activity from phrenic motor fibres
      showed that the lung reflexes had little action on the initial frequency of
      discharge of the fibres, but cut short the discharge earlier than for the
      controls. The results are interpreted in terms of the ways in which lung reflexes
      can modify the pattern of breathing.

PMID- 959681
TI  - Functional significance of thoracic vagal branches in the chicken.
AB  - One minute electrical stimulation was used to excite the right and left cervical
      vagi as well as specific points on, or branches of, the left thoracic vagus.
      Respiratory, heart rate and blood pressure responses were observed with the
      nerves intact and cut. Stimulation of either intact cervical vagus produced
      apnea, bradycardia and blood pressure depression. Stimulation of the cut ends
      after nerve section demonstrated that the heart rate and blood pressure effects
      were efferent and the respiratory change was afferent. No responses were observed
      due to stimulation of the vagus caudal to the lungs. Stimulation of cardiac
      branches reduced heart rate and blood pressure but did not produce significant
      respiratory effects. Middle and anterior pulmonary branches were found to
      contribute only to respiratory changes through afferent nerves. Sudden, sustained
      reduction of CO2 in the airways produced immediate, sustained apnea. The data
      suggest that CO2 sensitive thoracic receptors important in regulation of
      respiration are confined primarily to the lungs and that these receptors play no
      direct role in cardiovascular function.

PMID- 959682
TI  - [Development of human resources at the postgraduate level in human genetics].

PMID- 959683
TI  - [Ten years experience in a cytogenetics laboratory of a large medical center
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 959684
TI  - [Age of menarche in women of rural and urban origin (author's transl)].

PMID- 959685
TI  - [Production of antibodies against vasopressine and ocitocine immunizing with
      saline extracts of human posterior hypophysis, and their detection by an
      hemagglutination test].

PMID- 959686
TI  - [Normal respiratory response to physical exercise at moderate altitude (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959687
TI  - [Measurement of cortisol and corticosteroid binding globulin in normals, pregnant
      women and patients with liver cirrhosis and mal-absorption syndrome (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959688
TI  - [Longitudial study on the frequency of structural chromosomal aberrations in a
      group of radiologists (author's transl)].

PMID- 959689
TI  - [Pierre Marie-Bamberger syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 959690
TI  - Potential fertility in incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism type 2.

PMID- 959691
TI  - Somatostatin, more than a third pancreatic hormone.

PMID- 959692
TI  - [Leiomyomas of the esophagus].

PMID- 959693
TI  - [Closed injury of the abdomen. Value of peritoneal puncture-lavage].

PMID- 959694
TI  - [Thoracic outlet syndrome].

PMID- 959695
TI  - [Iodized polyvinylpyrrolidone: universal antiseptic?].

PMID- 959696
TI  - [The thorax-injured patient. Point of view of the anesthetist-resuscitator].

PMID- 959697
TI  - [Emergencies in blunt trauma of the thorax].

PMID- 959698
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 959699
TI  - [Ophthalmology: present status].

PMID- 959700
TI  - [Influenza 1976].

PMID- 959701
TI  - [Arteries of the human thalamus. I. Artery and polar thalamic territory of the
      posterior communicating artery].
AB  - The posterior communicating artery participates to the thalamic vascularization
      in 60 to 70 p. 100 of the brains. It does by one unic, well characterized artery,
      the polar artery. Its territory comprises the rostral pole of the lateral region
      up to the mamillo thalamic fasciculus.

PMID- 959702
TI  - [Arteries of the human thalamus. II. Arteries and paramedian thalamic territory
      of the communicating basilar artery].
AB  - The basilar communicating artery (or mesencephalic artery) gives off more often
      one than two paramedian thalamic arteries. The paramedian territory, infero
      medial, has a variable extent. It can include the polar territory when the polar
      artery does not exist. The paramedian artery arises as often from the
      controlateral basilar communicating artery than from the ipsilateral one. One
      basilar communicating artery may so have a very extensive bilateral territory.

PMID- 959703
TI  - [Study of 5 cases of ocular myopathy].
AB  - The authors reported five cases of eyelid ptosis with progesssive external
      ophthalmoplegia. They emphasize infra-clinic diffusion, fatigability and
      variability impairment of extra-ocular muscles; coexistence of myogenic E.M.G.
      and single potential recurring at high frequency in the same patient;
      mitochondrial abnormalities in type I fibers, intense oxydative activity in
      superior oblique muscle and normal motor end-plates.

PMID- 959704
TI  - [Elementary logic and semantic fields in aphasia].
AB  - Modern linguistics, like genetic psychology, postulate a non-linguistic basis for
      the structurisation of the semantic fields. If such is the case, it should be
      possible to observe in aphasia, where semantic deficiency predominates, a related
      disturbance in the semantic fields and logic. Paraxodically, such disturbances
      have been observed both in Broca's aphasia and in the predominantly semantic
      aphasia of Wernicke. A qualitative analysis shows that quantitatively identical
      results in the semantic aphasias of Broca and Wernicke are the result of
      phenomenological convergence. The related disturbance in the semantic fields and
      logic appears characteristic of the semantic deficiency which, in aphasic
      semiology, is marked by the substitution of one word for another. These finding
      support the theory of the relative autonomy of phonemic and semantic disorders in
      Wernicke's aphasia. They confirm the linguistic and genetic theory that the
      structure of vocabulatory is based on extralinguistic factors. They do not
      however provide an explantation for semantic disorders in aphasia. Further
      research is required to discover on what functional system articulation of the
      symbolic function and general operative capacity is based.

PMID- 959705
TI  - [One thousand months of contraception with sulpiride].

PMID- 959706
TI  - [Marital sterility. An etiological study and therapeutic results (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 959707
TI  - [Late complications of abortion induced in the second trimester by intra-amniotic
      injection of hypertonic saline solution (author's transl)].

PMID- 959708
TI  - [Notes on cytological changes in vaginal transudation and in cervical secretion
      during experimental orgasm in females (author's transl)].

PMID- 959709
TI  - [The doctor, the pill and lipaemic disorders. Reflections following an
      investigation (author's transl)].

PMID- 959710
TI  - Cancer of the large intestine in man: progress and problems.
AB  - This article reviews the high incidence of colon cancer in Western countries; the
      contribution of cell biology and biochemistry to our knowledge of the behaviour
      of the disease is discussed. The use of a series of markers to obtain early
      evidence of metastasis and to make the prognosis is described. Some suggestions
      are made how to obtain improvements in the survival percentages.

PMID- 959711
TI  - Hodgkin's-like disease of the thymus. Clinical, surgical and morphological
      correlations.
AB  - The histogenesis and relationship of so-called "granulomatous thymoma" to
      Hodgkin's disease is still a matter of controversy. Three of these lesions were
      selected from 43 thymomas and their clinico-pathological patterns are described.
      Two cases were diagnosed as Hodgkin's disease of the mediastinum because of the
      absence of epithelial structures of thymic origin. In one case, together with the
      morphological aspects of Hodgkin's disease, we noticed epithelial structures
      indicating a primary neoplastic lesion in the thymus. Accordingly we conclude
      that the term "Hodgkin's disease of the thymus" must be limited only to those
      lesions of the mediastinum in which structures of thymic origin are present.
      Other mediastinal Hodgkin's lesions, even in the presence of clinical,
      radiological and surgical evidence of thymic origin but in which it is not
      possible to observe such thymic structures, must be classified as Hodgkin's
      disease localized to the anterior mediastinum.

PMID- 959712
TI  - Viper venoms and coumarin-induced prothrombin. A comparison of several one-stage
      methods employing three different venoms as thromboplastins.
AB  - Three venoms obtained from three vipers, namely Echis carinatus, Notechis
      scutatus scutatus and Oxyuranus scutellatus, have been used as thromboplastin in
      a one-stage assay of coumarin-induced prothrombin. Regardless of the venom used,
      prothrombin resulted to be low in coumarin-treated patients. The mean values
      obtained were 27.2, 33.6, and 24.2%, respectively. These values were comparable
      to those obtained by means of the classical one-stage method (24.8%). A good
      correlation was observed among the different methods. However, the levels
      observed using the Notechis scutatus scutatus venom method were slightly higher
      as compared to those obtained by means of the other viper venoms and by means of
      the classical one-stage method. The three viper venoms used seem unable to
      activate coumarin-induced prothrombin. The levels obtained were in fact, in each
      instance, definitely lower than those observed immunologically. Methods which
      employ these viper venoms may be used in the evaluation of prothrombin in
      coumarin-treated patients.

PMID- 959713
TI  - [Posterior fossa angiomata with slow evolution: clinical aspects (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The AA. report 9 cases of arteriovenous angiomata in the posterior cranial fossa
      with chronic evolution: in 8 of these the diagnosis was made before a
      subarachnoid haemorrhagic episode precipitated the symptomatology. Angiomata in
      the posterior cranial fossa are detected less often than sopratentorial
      angiomata, and the possible reasons of this are considered. During the last 11
      years in the Neurosurgical Institute of the University of Padua the incidence was
      23%, one of the highest reported in literature. The clinical diagnostic criteria
      of angioma in the posterior cranial fossa with chronic evolution are also
      discussed. The importance of a fluctuating development of the symptomatology is
      emphasised with an almost constant association of signs of pyramidal and
      cerebellar involvement, as well as the differential diagnostic problems with
      multiple sclerosis. In six of the cases the malformation was so extensive to make
      it impossible to determine afferences and drainages, so that a surgical operation
      could not be carried out. This finding seemed rather peculiar, owing to the
      relatively poor simptomatology, mainly if compared with smaller supratentorial
      malformations. It appears from the literature that angiomata in the posterior
      cranial fossa including those found at autopsy are as common as the
      supratentorial ones; this would suggest that many of these lesions are not
      diagnosed in life.

PMID- 959714
TI  - [Allergic reaction to patent blue at lymphography (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report three cases of severe and three cases of mild allergic
      reactions due to Patent Blue being used for the visualization of the lymphatic
      vessels at lymphography. The therapy and the possibilities of the prevention of
      this complication are discussed particularly.

PMID- 959715
TI  - [Epidemiologic and etiologic factors in cancer of the breast. Catamnestic
      investigations on 749 patients of the Department of Radiology at Essen (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Morbidity- and morality statistics of cancer of the breast show a clear increase
      in almost all countries. The numbers of patients who died increased particularly
      in countries situated around the north-sea. It appears that unmarried women run a
      greater risk, as reported by many authors. On further risks we could not confirm
      that those women with few children predominated. Our results correspond to
      numbers calculated for abortions. More children increase the danger of breast
      cancer. These evaluations cannot be separated from the impact of shortened breast
      feeding and sociologic factors which also influence the risk in an ill-defined
      manner. Breast-cancer is doubly to five times as common in female relatives of
      patients as shown in Anglo-american and our own materials. Age distribution among
      742 patients shows, rather like that of some Scandinavian authors, peaks between
      45 and 49 and between 56 and 63 years. This again raises the question of a post
      menopausal stimulus. In our material there is an average delary of 4 1/2 months
      between first symptoms and start of treatment. The causes arise both from
      patients and doctors and, age apart, are responsible for the undue delay. Delay,
      invasion of lymph nodes and size of tumor establish a correlation between delay
      and stage of tumor. As to the site of the tomor the left breast was more often
      involved than the right in our patients. The upper lateral quadrant predominated.
      To extend the period of survival we shall have to reduce delay and develop
      further special techniques of treatment.

PMID- 959716
TI  - [The place of xerography combined with routine conventional mammography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Xeroradiography is a valuable supplement to conventional mammography, especially
      in cases with dense glandular structure. In our patient material this new
      procedure was necessary for clarification of findings on conventional mammography
      in 16% of cases and improved diagnostic yield. Indirect and direct signs of
      carcinoma were more easely recognized with xeroradiography, since more detail is
      visualized because of greater latitude and edge contrast enhancement. Moreover
      the area visualized is considerably greater. The soft tissue structures can be
      seen to the level of the thoracic wall. Viewing the films is less tiring than
      reviewing conventional mammography films. A relatively greater exposure latitude
      and short exposure times are further advantages of this method.

PMID- 959717
TI  - [Mammographic observations on the growth of untreated cancer of the breast
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on 21 primary breast cancers in 19 untreated women. The longest follow-up
      was 1074 days, the shortest 24 days. Doubling time of the tumors was calculated
      with Collins formula. The necessary assessment of the volume of tumors was
      calculated with a simple method. Doubling time differs greatly and, in parts,
      greatly exceeds published data. The radiologic development is surveyed. Collins
      formula is discussed in its strict interpretation starting from the volume of one
      tumor cell. Our own results lead to conclusions on the radiologic diagnosis of
      breast cancer. Usually diagnosis is immediately followed by therapy. Observations
      on the spontaneous course of, expecially primary, cancer of the breast are
      therefore scanty. Larger numbers of repeated mammography of the same tumor do not
      exist. Clinical examinations of growth belong to earlier times, the patients even
      to past centuries (Bloom 1964). Systematic investigations of this type cannot be
      defended on ethical grounds. In order to acquire insight into spontaneous growth
      of this cancer one has to rely on the few cases in whom operation wa5 not done
      for various reasons Here repeat mammography was possible. Such cases are
      important in practice since repeat mammography may have to be recommended by the
      radiologist, our own material will be discussed.

PMID- 959718
TI  - [Cut-density in angiotomography (author's transl)].
AB  - Tests show that the usual definition of cut-density is not applicable to
      angiotomography. New appropriate data for definition should take account of the
      relation between vessel and direction of cut and between timing of cut and
      contrast. These data cannot be obtained by examination in vivo. The concept of
      cut-density should be abandoned for inear angiotomography and replaced by that of
      layer of definition.

PMID- 959719
TI  - [Simple tests to control a tomographic device (author's transl)].
AB  - Simple tests to prove the resolution sharpness and blurring of a tomographic
      system are described.

PMID- 959720
TI  - [A case of extreme gouty arthritis, shown xeroradiographically (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A case of extreme, obviously lead-induced gouty arthritis is described testing
      xerography for typical gouty changes. Xerography is less effective in showing
      differences of density than film-techniques. But highly structures shapes or
      their sudden abolition will be particularly clear owing to the effect of contour
      reinforcement. Defects of bone induced by tophi and new formations can be
      identified with certainly.

PMID- 959721
TI  - [Problems in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Reference is made to various possibilities of examination in diagnosis and
      localisation of pheochromocytoma demonstrated by several cases. The best
      radiological examination is angiography using Seldinger method, which by means of
      skilled technique, good contrast media and an optimal treatment with receptor
      blocking medicaments will guarantee excellent x-rays for clear tumor localisation
      without real complications.

PMID- 959722
TI  - [Angiographic diagnosis of a carcinoma of the renal pelvis due to thorotrast
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Angiographic and histologic findings of a carcinoma of the renal pelvis of low
      vascularity. Angiography succeeds in demonstrating the tumor, the site of its
      origin and spatial relationship to the escape of contrast-medium.

PMID- 959723
TI  - [A new contrast-medium (author's transl)].
AB  - Infusion urograms were carried out on 2 groups of 100 in-patients each. The first
      group had injections of Conray FL 36, the second of Conray FL. Contrast in the
      early phase after 7 minutes was better with Conray FL 36 than with Conray FL. At
      later stages there was no clear difference.

PMID- 959724
TI  - [Lymphography in testicular tumors (author's transl)].
AB  - Results of lymphography in 101 cases of testicular tumor are described.
      Secondaries could be shown in 43% of seminomas and 46% of teratomas. Examples
      show the criteria of lymphographic diagnosis of secondaries. Lymphography permits
      a) more exact classification of stages b) better planning and control of
      treatment and c) prognosis.

PMID- 959725
TI  - [Protection of gonads in radiography of the pelvis (author's transl)].
AB  - The effectiveness of a new device for the protection of gonads has been tested by
      measuring doses on the water-phantom and on patients. The lead protector is
      applied below the light-soorce and protects the gonads in pelvic radiography. The
      reduction of dosage corresponds to the usual lead-protectors. It should be
      particularly useful in Orthopedics, since it is simple and hygienic.

PMID- 959726
TI  - [Xerographic diagnosis of lesions of the cruciate ligaments of the knee-joint
      (author's transl)].
AB  - First experience with xerography of the cruciate ligaments and their lesions in
      compared with the usual radiographic techniques. Both cruciate ligaments can be
      shown more often and with sharper contours by using double contrast-arthrography
      in xeroradiograms. The specific pictorial characteristics of xeroradiography are
      discussed.

PMID- 959727
TI  - [Pyloric stenosis - a complication of cholelithiasis. (Case of gallstone
      perforation into the duodenal bulb)].
AB  - Pressure-necrosis followed by stone perforation is ralatively rare among the
      complications of cholelithiasis. There is always a danger of a stenosis in the
      gastro-intestinal tract. Report of a case of perforation of a gallstone into the
      duodenal bulb producing few signs but the clinical picture of pyloric stenosis.
      Symptoms, signs and differential diagnosis are discussed on the basis of the
      literature.

PMID- 959728
TI  - [Concentration of contrast medium in xerophlebography (author's transl)].
AB  - We examine with phlebography usually a damaged vascular system. Radio
      contrastmedia damage vascular endothelium. If we dilute them we may minimize the
      damaging effect. But when using the usual film-foliae combination, diagnostic
      results diminish the more we dilute. Results of 31 comparative investigations
      with film and xerphlebography show that dilution of contrast medium to 50 or even
      25% will still produce phlebograms sufficient for evaluation with
      xerophlebography. It also has the advantage of a large picture: soft parts, veins
      and bony structures are visible of the same time. At present the method (chance
      of screening, gaps) renders routine use not advisable.

PMID- 959729
TI  - [Phlebography of the lower limb (author's transl)].
AB  - Description of the techniques of ascending phlebography and retrograde pressure
      phlebography of the leg and of means of showing insufficient perforating veins
      with selective percutaneous or intra-operative injection of contrast-media.
      Misinterpretation of the deep veins owing to muscular contraction for
      insufficiently continuous filling is explained. Phlebographic diagnosis of recent
      phlebothromboses, taking into accout isotope diagnosis, is particularly important
      for the recognition of post-traumatic so-called masked thromboses. The
      effectiveness of phlebography for the clarification of neurosegmental
      angiomatoses is discussed.

PMID- 959730
TI  - [Isotope phlebography (author's transl)].
AB  - Various techniques for showing venous function are recognized. The value of
      isotope phlebography is shown here on 39 unselected cases in whom contrast
      filling was also carried out. Rapid injection of 2 m Ci TC 99m into a dorsal vein
      of the foot produced isotope phlebograms with a Dyna camera 2 C.

PMID- 959731
TI  - [Radioiodine-fibrinogen test in the early diagnosis of venous thrombosis in the
      leg (author's transl)].
AB  - As long as there is no satisfactory prophylaxis for thrombosis, the radioiodine
      fibrinogen test is a good supplement for the supervision of patients with a "high
      thrombosis risk" since the clinical symptomatology is not specific enough and
      phlebography cannot be used to extensively. The risk of hepatitis can be reduced
      when the selection of spenders is large enough. As a radionuclide, 125iodine does
      not appear to be any less effective than 131iodine. The postoperative injection
      is preferred to the preoperative injection.

PMID- 959732
TI  - [Technique and value of discography for the cervical syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - Discography produces relatively many false pasitive findings. Their number, about
      28% in our material, may be reduced decisively to below 10% when clinical,
      electro-physiologic and myelographic findings are considered together. It can be
      further reduced when results are judged in groups of varying value. Findings of
      high value are: 1) entry of the contrast fluid from the disc behind the posterior
      longitudinal ligament. 2) Exact reproduction of spontaneous pain during injection
      3) The extension of a contrast band along the roots on the side and level of
      clinical findings. With such strict evaluation discographic findings are correct
      in 88%. In additon discography may be in certain cases the only method to
      elucidate a syndrome which clinically and in the myelogram permits various
      interpretations. Discography should always preceded operation. On the basis of
      368 discographies with control of the diagnosis at operation its value is
      explained.

PMID- 959733
TI  - [Comparison between myelography and discography for lumbar prolapsed
      intervertebral discs (author's transl)].
AB  - For the diagnosis of lumbar P.I.D. discography is much superior to myelography.
      The risks of both techniques are the same, but the side-effects of discography
      are clearly less. Higher lesions remain a problem if they do not show up
      neurologically (s. the prolapsed disc at L 2/3). Here segmental blocking,
      posterior gaping of the intervertebral space and displacement of the dural sac
      show clearly the posterior prolapse. In the standard discogram of the lower 3
      discs it would have been missed. In spite of this our present experience with
      lumbar discography is so positive, that we are about to test a long term series,
      whether and to which extend discography could replace myelography in cases where
      there is no hint at a space-occupying lesion, other than a disc or whether the
      order of these investigations should be reversed.

PMID- 959734
TI  - [Microlithiasis alveolaris pulmonum. (author's transl)].
AB  - A report was made of a long term observation of microlethiasis alveolaris
      pulmonum in a female patient who died at the age of 53. The rare, etiologically
      unclear disease is after a long course , always fatal due to right heart failure.
      This case was unique in that small spotty pulmonary lesions were found
      radiologically. They presented, a pathognomonic, unmistakable picture for a
      differential diagnosis of silicosis.

PMID- 959735
TI  - [Calcifications in mediastinal lymphoma after radiation therapy of Hodgkin's
      disease. (author's transl)].
AB  - One case of calcifications in mediastihal lymphoma after radiation therapy of
      Hodgkin's disease is reported. The incidence of these calcifications is
      remarkably low. They are mostly localized in the anterior mediastinum showing a
      characteristical pattern which is initially stippled, later confluent and coral
      shaped. An open interval after radiation therapy is typical for this phenomenon.
      The cause of the calcifications is discussed.

PMID- 959736
TI  - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the terminal esophagus. (author's
      transl)].
AB  - On hand of a few selected cases diagnostic and differential diagnostic problems
      of the cardia are discussed. Radiological and endoscopical values are presented.

PMID- 959737
TI  - [The cholecystogram as a prerequisite of the chemical litholysis from the view of
      the roentgenologist. (author's transl)].
AB  - The preoperative cholecystography and postoperative radiography of gallstones
      were compared in 68 patients. Calcified structures were detected in 32% of the
      stones which were free of calcium in the native roentgenograms. The possibility
      is stressed that the calciumocontent of cholecystographic transparent stones may
      be responsible for the failure of CDCA-therapy. 52 of the 68 patients
      additionally received a fat meal. A contraction of the gallbladder was not
      observed in 25% of these cases. From the missing contraction of the gallbladder
      should not be concluded that a CDCA-therapy is contraindicated. A functional
      analysis with a synthetic derivate of cholecystokinin is recommended.

PMID- 959738
TI  - [Suggestions for a routine methode. (author's transl)].
AB  - The advantages of the Shirakabe double-contrast method are well known.
      Nevertheless, the time involved to conduct the technique and the methods
      eliminate it from use as a standard examination technique. It is desirable to
      look for a practicable modification which can be used routinely in the medical
      practice. The above report deals with this problem.

PMID- 959739
TI  - [Patient identification (PnI) in oversized radiographs. (author's transl)].
AB  - In comparison with the "Skribor strips", the PnI system offers a high degree of
      certainty for the correct classification of patient data in regard to the X-ray
      and the documentation of the correct time. The existing difficiencies can be
      compensated for by further technical developments. The screen developed for this
      system requires a lower dose than the FZ secreen in order to obtain the same
      degree of detail.

PMID- 959740
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia in clinical practice and therapeutics].

PMID- 959741
TI  - [Estrogens and cancer].

PMID- 959742
TI  - [Olfacto-genital syndrome].

PMID- 959743
TI  - [Value of radiologic determination of sella turcica volume].

PMID- 959744
TI  - Human urinary antisteroid substance with pineal-polypeptides-like activity.

PMID- 959745
TI  - Radioimmunologic assay of serum testosterone in normal subjects and in some
      endocrine diseases.

PMID- 959746
TI  - Use of SrTiO3 prisms as dispersive elements in a dye ring laser.

PMID- 959747
TI  - Apparatus for measuring pressure-volume-temperature relationships of polymers to
      350 degrees C and 2200kg/cm2.

PMID- 959748
TI  - Nomenclature of reagents.

PMID- 959749
TI  - A sensitive radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone in human serum using a
      specific extraction procedure.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay of human parathroid hormone (PTH) is described. PTH was
      extracted from serum by adsorption to and elution from microfine silica, causing
      a 3.2-fold greater hormone concentration in extract than in serum. The extraction
      procedure eliminated from the assay unspecific interference caused by serum
      factors. The detection limit was 10 pg bovine PTH. The concentration of PTH was
      measurable in serum from 95% of normal subjects (mean, 68 pg/ml; SD., 18), was
      undetectable in sera from hypoparathyroid patients, and elevated in 96% of sera
      from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The presented data suggest that
      the assay mainly measures PTH(1-84).

PMID- 959750
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human calcitonin in serum and tissue from healthy individuals
      and patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - A specific radioimmunological method for measurement of immunoreactive calcitonin
      (iCT) in human serum and tissue is decribed. Of healthy individuals of both
      sexes, 85% had measurable iCT in serum (mean, 0.23 ng/ml). Of  29 patients who
      had received treatment for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland (MCT), 19 had
      increased serum iCT (0.60 ng/ml to 205 ng/ml). Elevated serum iCT was also found
      preoperatively in 2 MCT patients. Eleven of the patients with abnormal elevations
      of serum iCT were alive 4 to 13 years after the operation. Concentration of iCT
      in extracts from MCT varied from 0.5 to 540 ng/ml wet weight. The diagnostic
      value of this method and its importance for pre- and post-operative evaluation of
      these patients are improved by the use of selective venous catheterization in
      basal state and during stimulation of CT secretion.

PMID- 959751
TI  - Evaluation of radioimmunological methods for assay of plasma and urinary
      aldosterone.
AB  - Two radioimmunological methods for assay of plasma and urinary aldosterone were
      carefully evaluated. In the plasma method a radioimmunoassay is preceded by
      chromatography on a Sephadex LH-20 column. The method for urine includes a
      preextraction, hydrolysis of the acid-labile conjugates of aldosterone, and a
      radioimmunoassay. Both methods fulfill the criteria of reliability and are
      suitable for both routine and demanding research assays. The plasma method, using
      columns of double length, is also applicable to analysis of aldosterone in plasma
      of newborn children, and pregnant females and in cord plasma. The concentration
      of plasma aldosterone in healthy subjects on an ad lib salt diet was 162 +/- 93
      (S.D.) pmol/1 in the supine position and 312 +/- 217 (S.D.) pmol/1 upright. The
      urinary excretion of aldosterone in healthy subjects was 28.3 +/- 16.7 (S.D.)
      nmol/24 h.

PMID- 959752
TI  - Gluconeogenesis in human liver tissue. An in vitro method for evaluation of
      glyconeogenesis in man.
AB  - Human liver tissue was obtained as surgical biopsies in 29 subjects operated on
      for uncomplicated gallstone disease. Liver slices were incubated in Krebs-Ringer
      bicarbonate buffer solution, pH 7.4, with 17 l-amino acids, lactate, glycerol,
      and glucose at various concentrations. The incorporation rate of alanine,
      lactate, and glycerol into glucose, glycogen, and CO2 was determined by use of
      14C-labeled precursors. The gluconeogenetic rate of all substrates was increased
      10-35 times by increasing precursor concentration in the medium. Insulin at a
      physiological concentration (300 mU/l) and dexamethasone  (0.001 mmol/l) had
      slight but significant effects on the incorporation rate of alanine into glucose
      and glycogen, respectively. Glucagon had no effect. Glucose in the incubation
      medium did not influence the incorporation rate of precursors into glucose,
      glycogen, or CO2, suggesting that glucose was not of importance for the
      regulation of the gluconeogenesis. The gluconeogenetic rate of a precursor was
      not dependent on or influenced by the presence of other precursors. The
      gluconeogenesis in human liver slices at physiological concentrations of
      precursors was 5-20% of the maximal rate reported for the rat liver. When the
      precursor concentration in the medium was increased, the gluconeogenetic rate
      increased to values close to those reported for the rat liver in vitro and for
      man in vivo. This in vitro preparation of human liver seems to be valid for
      evaluation of gluconeogenesis in man.

PMID- 959753
TI  - Gluconeogenesis in infancy and childhood. I. A method for the study of the in
      vivo gluconeogenesis from alanine and glycerol.
AB  - The in vivo gluconeogenesis from alanine and glycerol in infants and children was
      studied by an isotope method, using 14C-labeled substates with subsequent
      separation of the radioactive compounds by thin-layer chromatography. Seven
      patients, aged 2 months to 2 years 11 months, with normal carbohydrate metabolism
      were studied. Trace amounts of [14C]alanine were injected intravenously in four
      fasting patients. The 14C moved quickly from alanine to lactate, with a peak
      activity in lactate obtained before 5 min. From 10 min on, the label disappeared
      rapidly from both. An equilibrium was established between alanine and lactate,
      displaced towards lactate. The peak activity in glucose was reached in 10-20 min,
      amounting to 10% of total injected activity. In one patient, who was also studied
      after a meal, the disappearance rate of alanine was reduced by 50%. Despite this
      reduction the appearance of label in lactate was increased, whereas the amount of
      label in glucose was much reduced. [14C]glycerol was injected intravenously in
      three fasting patients. In one patient, who received only a tracer dose of
      glycerol, 5 times more 14C appeared in glucose than in the patients studied with
      [14C]alanine. In two patients receiving a glycerol load together with the
      [14C]glycerol, the disappearance rate of glycerol was markedly reduced, as was
      the conversion of carbon to glucose and lactate.

PMID- 959754
TI  - Effect of increased venous pressure on the hydrostatic and colloid osmotic
      pressure in subcutaneous interstitial fluid in rats: edema-preventing mechanisms.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiments was to study the effect of a rise in local
      venous pressure pressure (Pv) on interstitial fluid hydrostatic (Pi) and colloid
      osmotic pressure (COPi) in rats. The Pv of the hind limb was increased by
      ligating the iliac veins and the inferior caval vein. Interstitial fluid for
      protein and COP determination was sampled from subcutaneous tissue of the hind
      limbs by a wick technique, and the Pi was measured by a modified Scholander
      technique. When the Pv was increased from 3 to 12 mm Hg, the COPi fell from 9 to
      4 mm Hg. The Pi averaged -1 mm Hg under control conditions and was unchanged when
      the Pv was elevated to 12 mm Hg. No edema was detected. Higher rises in venous
      pressures resulted in further but less pronounced falls in interstitial fluid
      COP. Edema developed and the Pi increased to +1 to 2mm Hg. The results show that
      the fall in COPi is an important edema-preventing factor during increased venous
      pressure, whereas a rise in Pi only seems to oppose further increase of an
      already existing edema.

PMID- 959755
TI  - Inhibition of meal-stimulated gastrin secretion after oral glucose.
AB  - Serum gastrin concentration was measured in six male subjects before and after a
      beef meal, with and without 100 g of oral glucose being given 30 min previously.
      There was a pronounced inhibition of beef-stimulated gastrin secretion after the
      oral glucose load.

PMID- 959756
TI  - Progression of nephropathy in long-term diabetics with proteinuria and effect of
      initial anti-hypertensive treatment.
AB  - The rate of progression of nephropathy was studied in 6 young male diabetics with
      intermittent proteinuria (Albustix) and in 10 young male diabetics with constant
      proteinuria by measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow
      (RPF), and urinary albumin excretion by exact techniques. Albumin excretion was
      elevated in both the recumbent and the erect position in patients with
      intermittent proteinuria. GFR and RPF were at the same level as in diabetics
      without proteinuria, and no deterioration in renal function was noted during a
      mean control period of 32 months. In the patients with constant proteinuria the
      fall rate during a mean period of  33.6 months for GFR and RPF was 0.91
      ml/min/month +/- 0.68 (S.D.) and 4.38 ml/min/month +/- 3.23 (S.D.) respectively.
      Initial fall rate in GFR correlated well with long-term fall rate, both of which
      were studied in 7 patients. In the same patients there was a positive correlation
      between the fall rate in GFR and diastolic blood pressure as well as albumin
      clearance. In 8 patients with constant proteinuria and mean blood pressure of
      159/101 mmHg, antihypertensive treatment was started with propranolol alone or
      combined with hydralazine and furosemide. During a treatment period of 47 days
      blood pressure was reduced to 143/93 mmHg, and in the same period urinary albumin
      excretion was reduced significantly from a mean value of 3547 mug/min to 2414
      mug/min (P less than 0.01). Further control studies will clarify whether end
      stage of renal insufficiency will be postponed by antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 959757
TI  - An individual nomogram for determination of glomerular filtration rate from
      plasma creatinine.
AB  - From simultaneously determined values of the glomerular filtration rate and the
      concentration of creatinine in plasma an individual nomogram can be constructed
      from two scales. From this nomogram the actual glomerular filtration rate of the
      patient can later be read out solely from a new concentration of plasma creatine.

PMID- 959758
TI  - Micromodification of the Phadebas amylase test.
AB  - A micromodification of the original Phadebas Amylase Test has been adapted for
      the LKB Calculating Absorptiometer. This test requires only 15 mul of serum and
      reduces the amount of reagent used by a factor of ten. The results of this
      semiautomatic micromethod have a coefficient of variation of about 4% and
      correlate well (r = 0.996) with the method as originally described.

PMID- 959759
TI  - Relationships between gastric acid secretion and recurrent duodenal ulcer after
      selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty in men.
AB  - Relations between gastric acid secretion measurements and recurrence of duodenal
      ulcer within 1 to 4 years after selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty were
      evaluated in a series of 117 men. The discriminatory ability of spontaneous,
      histamine- and insulin-activated acid secretion measurements was significant and
      similar to that after truncal vagotomy and drainage. The measurements were of no
      practical value for the diagnosis of recurrent duodenal ulcer after vagotomy, but
      they provided a rationale for selective surgery in patients with duodenal ulcer
      and patients with recurrent duodenal ulcer after vagotomy.

PMID- 959760
TI  - The effect of antral distension on acid secretion and plasma gastrin in duodenal
      ulcer patients.
AB  - The effect of antral balloon distension on acid secretion and the plasma gastrin
      concentration was studied in 8 duodenal ulcer patients. Antral distension
      significantly increased the acid secretion to about 30% of the peak acid response
      to pentagastrin without any change in the plasma gastrin concentration. Antral
      distension and concomitant intragastric neutralization, with the intention of
      facilitating release of antral gastrin, produced about the same acid response and
      did not evoke any plasma gastrin increment. The results suggest that the acid
      response to antral distension in duodenal ulcer patients is evoked without
      contribution of the gastrin mechanism, and that the acid response is probably
      mediated via a pyloro-oxyntic reflex. In this respect the duodenal ulcer patient
      seems to differ from the healthy subject, in whom antral distension produces no
      acid response, and from the dog, in which release of gastrin as well as pyloro
      oxyntic reflex participate in the acid response to antral distension.

PMID- 959761
TI  - Regional ileitis (Crohn's disease). I. Kinetics of bile acid absorption in the
      perfused ileum.
AB  - Bile acid absorption was studied by steady state perfusion technique in the ileum
      of 11 patients with regional ileitis (Crohn's disease). By computerizing
      absorption kinetics the presence of an active transport of glycochenodeoxycholic
      acid (GCDC) was rendered probable by finding a saturable transport system and a
      competitive absorption between conjugated bile acids. At the time of
      investigation 5 patients had no diarrhoea, whereas 6 patients had diarrhoea as
      defined from the amount of faecal output. In the former group the faecal bile
      acid excretion was low, the ileal absorption of GCDC high, and judged from the
      xylose absorption the ileal absorption surface large compared to the latter
      group, in which the faecal bile acid excretion was high, the ileal absorption of
      GCDC low, and the ileal absorptive surface small. It is concluded that
      malabsorption of bile acids in the ileum may be of significant physiological
      importance in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in patients with regional ileitis.

PMID- 959762
TI  - Regional ileitis (Crohn's disease). II. Electrolyte and water movement in the
      ileum during perfusion with bile acids.
AB  - Electrolyte and water movement was studied by steady state perfusion technique in
      the ileum of 11 patients with regional ileitis (Crohn's disease). Six patients
      who at the time of investigation had diarrhoea showed a constant secretion of
      salts and fluid during perfusion with control perfusate. Per 24 hours, the ileal
      effluents to colon would exceed the normal amount by 1-2 litres. In the 5
      patients without diarrhoea the absorption patterns were normal. Electrolytes and
      water moved in parallel. Dihydroxy bile acids enhanced secretion or decreased
      absorption respectively, in the two groups of patients. It is concluded that
      functional disturbances of salt and water absorption in the inflamed ileum may be
      of significant physiological importance in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea observed
      in patients with regional ileitis.

PMID- 959763
TI  - Fat digestion after jejunoileal bypass operation for obesity.
AB  - Fat digestion in the upper jejunum was studied in 12 obese patients treated by
      jejunoileal bypass including either 37.5 cm jejunum and 12.5 cm ileum or 12.5 cm
      jejunum and 37.5 cm ileum. Jejunum was intubated and a test meal ingested before
      and 1-2 months after operation. Jejunal aspirates were heated immediately to
      destroy lipase, pooled and assayed for dilution marker, bile acids and total fat.
      Lipolytic products were determined by thin-layer chromatography and densitometry.
      The micellar phase was achieved by ultracentrifugation and analysed for total
      fat. Results. Bile acid concentration and lipolysis decreased after both bypass
      operations. In accordance with this, micellar solubilization of fat was impaired
      after operation. Bile acid concentration and micellar solubilization were lower
      after bypass with a long, than after bypass with a short, ileal loop. Absorption
      of fat in the duodenum and upper jejunum did not change significantly after any
      of the operations. Conclusions. Jejunoileal bypass impairs fat digestion, but
      this does nto contribute significantly to the fat malabsorption after operation.

PMID- 959764
TI  - Semiquantitative measurement of lithocholic acid compounds in bile from patients
      with gallstones, before and during treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid.
AB  - A method for two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of unprocessed bile is
      described. The method gives distinct spots from lithocholic acid and its
      compounds with glycine, taurine, and sulfuric acid. The size of the spots is
      estimated by comparison with standard spots, and the concentrations of individual
      bile acids are expressed as a fraction of the total content of bile acids in the
      sample. The concentration of total lithocholic acid was found to be 1-3 (mean
      1.5) per cent of the total concentration of bile acids in duodenal bile from 14
      healthy persons. It was slightly higher in bile from 6 untreated patients with
      gallstones, and still higher, 3-7 (mean 4.0) per cent, in bile from the same
      patients during treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid. The difference between the
      concentrations of total lithocholic acid in the bile samples from healthy persons
      and from patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid was statistically
      significant. Nearly all the lithocholic acid was conjugated with glycine or
      taurine, and approximately half of it was sulfated. The increase in total
      lithocholic acid concentration in the bile from patients consisted of glycine
      conjugates.

PMID- 959765
TI  - Response to jejunal acidification in man. II. Pancreatic, biliary and gastric
      responses.
AB  - The effect of perfusion of the jejunum with acid on the secretion of bicarbonate,
      trypsin, and bile into the duodenum has been studied in 10 patients with duodenal
      ulcer and 8 control subjects and compared with the responses to intravenous
      infusion of secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK). Both the secretion
      of bicarbonate and of trypsin into the duodenum were inversely related to the
      amount of acid dissipated during jejunal transit, so that if all the acid
      disappeared during transit of a 30-cm segment of jejunum, the pancreas did not
      secrete. In both groups of subjects, jejunal acidification elicited a relatively
      greater secretion of bicarbonate than secretion of trypsin or bile into the
      duodenum, compared with the response to the exogenous hormones. Jejunal
      acidification also inhibited the secretion of trypsin in response to concurrently
      administered exogenous hormones by the control subjects but not in patients with
      duodenal ulcer. We conclude taht the pancreatic response to acid in the human
      duodenum depends on exposure of the jejunal mucosa to the amounts of acid which
      are greater than (quite high, but variable) threshold in all subjects. Under the
      conditions of this study, patients with duodenal ulcer differed from control in
      lacking an acid-released jejunal inhibitor of the secretion of trypsin by the
      pancreas.

PMID- 959766
TI  - The possible precancerous significance of abnormal cells in gastric cytology
      specimens: a follow-up study of 545 patients.
AB  - In a series of 545 patients without roentgenological and gastroscopical signs of
      gastric malignancy, the cytological finding was interpreted as normal
      (Papanicolaou I) in 351 patients and abnormal (Papanicolaou II-III) in 194
      patients. In the abnormal group were included 48 patients with large nuclei and
      11 patients with cytologically wrong positive smears (Papanicolaou IV-V), in whom
      x-ray examination, gastroscopy, and a follow-up study did not reveal any signs of
      gastric carcinoma. The two groups were collected under uniform principles and
      studied by the same methods. They were also comparable as to age and sex
      distribution. In a 15-year follow-up study it was found that 2 patients (0.6%) in
      the cytologically normal group and 5 (2.6%) in the abnormal group had died of
      gastric carcinoma. The difference was statistically significant. The 15-year
      death rate from gastric carcinoma in the cytologically abnormal group was
      statistically significantly higher than in the expected death rate in the general
      population of corresponding age and sex distribution.

PMID- 959767
TI  - Effect of barium meal on resting gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure in normal
      human subjects.
AB  - The effect of ingestion of 250 ml X-ray contrast medium on resting
      gastrooesophageal sphincter pressure was studied in 10 normal human subjects.
      Twenty minutes after initiated intake of the contrast medium, a significant fall
      in sphincter pressure was recorded. In the light of studies on the neurogenic and
      hormonal regulation of the sphincter pressure it is attempted to account for this
      effect, and it is concluded that it must be a manifestation of a reflectory
      relaxation of the sphincter region. From a clinical point of view the consequence
      must be a demand for standardized conditions with regard to composition and pH of
      the contrast medium, time schedule and degree of abdominal compression in those
      cases in which radiological evaluation of the resistance against reflux is called
      for.

PMID- 959768
TI  - Serum isoamylases in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Serum isoamylases were quantitated separately in 15 patients with chronic
      pancreatitis. The mean activity of pancreatic isoamylase was 7 U/1 in the
      patients as compared to 88 U/1 in healtly controls, 8 of the patients completely
      lacked pancreatic isoamylase and the mean activity in the other was 15 U/1.
      Salivary isoamylase activities were moderately increased in the patients.
      Determination of the serum pancreatic isoamylase is a simple screening procedure
      that should be useful in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

PMID- 959769
TI  - Serum bile acid concentrations in patients with liver disease.
AB  - An enzymatic-fluorimetric method using a highly purified 3alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (Sterognost-3alpha, Nyco) was used to determine fasting serum bile
      acid concentrations on 49 occasions in 43 patients with various liver diseases. A
      two-hour postprandial bile acid determination was carried out on 29 occasions in
      27 of the patients. Fasting bile acid concentration correlated significantly both
      in cholestatic hepatobiliary and in parenchymatous liver disease to serum
      bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) but not to alanine
      aminotransferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase, or albumin. The two-hour
      postprandial bile acid concentration was above normal in all patients with
      biochemical and/or histological signs of hepatobiliary disease, also when fasting
      concentration was within normal limits. In parenchymatous liver disease
      correlations existed between the two-hour postprandial bile acid concentration
      and bilirubin, ASAT, and ALAT. The sensitivity of serum bile acid estimation was
      compared to other liver function tests. Both the fasting and the postprandial
      serum bile acid concentrations tended to be more sensitive tests of hepatobiliary
      disease than bilirubin, ASAT and ALAT.

PMID- 959770
TI  - Familial polycythaemia vera: a study of 3 sisters.
AB  - The familial occurrence of polycythaemia vera (PV) is rare, with only 3 authentic
      reports in the world literature. This paper describes a family of 8 females, 3 of
      whom have PV and another has pernicious anaemia. Clinical and haematological data
      is presented to support the diagnosis of PV and exclude other causes of familial
      erythrocytosis. Cytogenetic studies were performed in 2 of the patients.

PMID- 959771
TI  - Heparin elimination in uraemic patients on Haemodialysis.
AB  - Heparin (100 U/kg bodyweight) was administered as single i.v. injections, and
      heparin concentration in plasma determined by polybrene titration. Mean
      concentration half-life was 74.7 min in the normal group (n = 6), 118.6 min in
      the nephrectomized patients (n = 5), and 97.8 min in the other uraemic patients
      (n = 6). The differences between the mean values for the normals and for the 2
      patient groups were statistically significant (p is less than 0.001 and p
      approximately 0.2 respectively). Mean anticoagulant half-life (based on thrombin
      clotting time) was 64.3, 75.8 and 62.7 min in the 3 groups. The differences
      between heparin concentration half-life and anticoagulant half-life in the 3
      groups were statistically significant. These differences may be partly explained
      by a significant fall in heparin cofactor activity after injection of heparin.
      There was a strong positive individual correlation between heparin concentration
      half-life and anticoagulant half-life in the patients (r = 0.94), but not in the
      normal group (r = 0.31). There was a strong negative individual correlation
      between heparin tolerance and heparin concentration half-life in the patients (r
      = -0.84), but no correlation in the normal group. It is concluded that severely
      impaired renal function has a significant, but moderate influence on heparin
      elimination.

PMID- 959772
TI  - Atypical intraerythrocytic pyruvate kinase in some haematological diseases.
AB  - An atypical pyruvate kinase (PK) in erythrocytes was studied in a family with
      several different haematological diseases: non-spherocytic haemolysis,
      thrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis and polycythaemic traits. Atypical
      intraerythrocytic PK was also found in a group of non-related patients with
      myelofibrosis and polycythaemia vera. The atypical PK was characterised by
      abnormal urea inhibition and other relevant biochemical parameters.

PMID- 959773
TI  - Platelet consumption and plasma concentration of platelet factor 4 (PF-J).
AB  - In 10 cancer patients platelet concentration, platelet consumption, platelet half
      life time and plasms concentrations of platelet factor 4 were determined. A high
      freguency of thrombocytosis and increased platelet consumption were observed, and
      the plasms concentrations of platelet factor 4 was increased. However, no
      significant correlation was found between platelet consumption and the result of
      a single determination of platelet factor 4 concentrations in plasma.

PMID- 959774
TI  - Spontaneous and oxalate-induced radial segmentation of the nuclei of lymphocytes
      from peripheral blood from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Radial segmentation of nuclei of lymphocytes from peripheral blood from 18
      patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was studied in heparinized blood
      samples incubated with and without oxalate, for 6 h, at 20 degrees C, and 37
      degrees C. The yield of radially segmented nuclei was the same after incubation
      at 20 degrees C as at 37 degrees C. Treatment with sodium oxalate resulted in an
      increased formation of radial segmentation to the same extent at 20 degrees C as
      at 37 degrees C. No correlation was found between the size of the lymphocytes and
      the frequency of radially segmented cells. The number of radially segmented
      nuclei did not vary with the WBC or Hb value. Cytostatic treatment with
      chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide did not inhibit the formation of radially
      segmented nuclei.

PMID- 959775
TI  - The oxalate-induced radial segmentation of the nuclei in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of different size.
AB  - The incidence of oxalate-induced radial-segmented (RS) nuclei in lymphocytes from
      peripheral blood correlated closely with the diameter of the cell and with the
      diameter of the nucleus; the majority of RS nuclei were found in large
      lymphocytes. This observation supports the basic hypotheses, that large
      lymphocytes from peripheral blood represent a later stage in the cell cycle than
      small lymphocytes, that the tubulin content of lymphocytes increases during the
      interphase and that the incidence of RS nuclei reflects the tubulin content of
      the cells within the various size classes.

PMID- 959776
TI  - Neutrophil defect in multiple myeloma. Studies on intraneutrophilic lysozyme in
      multiple myeloma and malignant lymphoma.
AB  - Intracellular lysozyme concentration was measured in neutrophilic granulocytes
      from 25 patients with multiple myeloma. At diagnosis intraneutrophil lysozyme
      activity was significantly reduced (mean reduction 50%). During clinical
      remission after 1-4 months of intensive chemotherapy values were normalized. In
      18 cases studied at various stages of the disease from 6 to 70 months after
      diagnosis there was a significant negative correlation between the duration of
      the disease and neutrophil lysozyme concentration. The decrease in neutrophil
      lysozyme concentration was significantly correlated to clinical disease activity
      and the percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates, whereas there was no
      correlation between the concentration of M-protein in serum and the neutrophil
      lysozyme concentration. Plasma lysozyme concentration was normal. In contrast,
      neutrophil lysozyme concentration was normal in 18 patients with stage III-IV
      malignant lymphoma. Plasma lysozyme in this group was significantly higher than
      normal. The difference in neutrophil lysozyme patterns between multiple myeloma
      and malignant lymphoma supports the hypothesis that the defect in neutrophil
      maturation seen in malignant blood disorders is directly related to the
      infiltration of the bone marrow by pathologic cells.

PMID- 959777
TI  - Preparation of concentrated platelet suspensions by dehydration against
      polyethyleneglycol 20,000.
AB  - Gel filtered platelet suspensions were concentrated by repeated dehydration
      against polyethyleneglycol 20,000 followed by dialysis against slightly hypotonic
      buffer. This method increased the platelet concentration 2-3 times with a
      recovery of 80-100%. The final cell suspension closely resembled the original
      platelet rich plasma as tested by a number of platelet tests.

PMID- 959778
TI  - Adrenaline: further discussion of its role in the mobilization of neutrophils.

PMID- 959779
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity for melanoma tumor cells: detection by a (3H) proline
      release assay.
AB  - An in vitro lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assay using [3H]proline-labeled
      target cells is described. The assay, modified from an original procedure of Bean
      et al., assesses the release of [3-H]proline by filtering the total culture fluid
      containing both trypsinized tumor cells and effector cells. Filtration is
      performed with a semiautomatic harvesting device using low suction pressure and
      large-diameter glass filters. Pretreatment of filters with whole serum diminishes
      adsorption of cell-free radioactive material considerably and thus increases the
      sensitivity of the assay. Nearly 100% of the radioactivity could be recovered
      with this harvesting device. The technique allowed the detection of cytolytic
      activities of lymphocytes after 6 h of incubation. Lymphocytes from patients with
      primary malignant melanoma showed a significantly higher cytolytic reactivity (P
      less than 0.001) than normal donors' lymphocytes against three different melanoma
      cell lines. In a series of parallel experiments on 36 patients and 18 normal
      donors, this modification of the [3H]proline test was compared with three
      different assays: the conventional microcytotoxicity test of Takasugi and Klein,
      the original [3H]proline microcytotoxicity test of Bean et al., and the viability
      count of tumor cells.

PMID- 959780
TI  - Measles virus-induced migration inhibition in vitro of leukocytes from patients
      with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The migration inhibition in vitro induced by measles virus material on leukocytes
      from 17 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was compared with that of 8
      patients with various other central nervous system diseases and that of 12
      healthy blood donors. Significant differences could not be demonstrated. The
      results do not indicate that MS patients' leukocytes show an altered behaviour to
      measles virus material in the migration inhibition test.

PMID- 959781
TI  - Sick-leave after road traffic accidents.
AB  - 425 road traffic casualties, all covered by the National Insurance Scheme, were
      followed up regarding duration of inability to work. The average for the whole
      group was 35 days. There was a close relation between seriousness of injury and
      time off work. Motorcyclists had the longest time off work and cyclists injured
      in bicycle accidents the shortest. Casualties with orthopaedic injuries were off
      work for 120 days, on average, and accounted for 67% of the total paid sick
      leave, although they constituted only 20% of those injured. The responsibility
      for the treatment of trauma is discussed.

PMID- 959782
TI  - Priorities in epidemiology of the future.

PMID- 959783
TI  - The North Karelia Project: a programme for community control of cardiovascular
      diseases.
AB  - In this article the background and principles of the intervention and evaluation
      of the North Karelia Project are presented. The project is a comprehensive
      community control programme concerning cardiovascular diseases in the province of
      North Karelia, Eastern Finland. In the baseline survey of the project (1972), 25
      59-year-old males had a particularly high of CVD level risk factors; there were
      54% current smokers, the mean cholesterol was 269 mg% and the mean casual blood
      pressure was 147/90 mmHg. According to the myocardial infarction register the
      incidence rate of acute myocardial infraction was, during the first year of the
      project (1972), 13.8 per thousand among 30-64-yearold males. During the first 2
      1/2 of the intervention the percentage of current smokers decreased among males
      from 54 to 42. The percentage of males using low-fat milk increased from 17 to
      48. The percentage of males who had had their blood pressure measured during the
      previous half year increased from 28 to 56 and those under antihypertensive drug
      treatment from 3.1 to 9.1. Local groups for secondary prevention of myocardial
      infarction were established all over the province. On the basis of the
      accumulated experience and theoretical considerations, the project plan has
      futher been elaborated.

PMID- 959784
TI  - On risk factors for premature myocardial infarction in middle-aged building
      construction workers. A comparison with other selected illnesses.

PMID- 959785
TI  - Hypertension programme of the North Karelia Project.
AB  - The present article describes the background and principles of a programme for
      community control of hypertension, which is part of the North Karelia project--a
      comprehensive community programme for the control of cardiovascular diseases. The
      hypertension programme also forms part of an international co-operative study by
      WHO. The programme consists of a community intervention integrated with the
      service structure. The methods used include health education of the public,
      education of health service personnel, organization of a service for the
      spreading of information and also for screening, treatment and follow-up. Every
      hypertensive person in the community is registered in the hypertension register
      and checked on annually. The evaluation is made mainly on baseline and terminal
      survey data from the intervention area and a reference area, the hypertension
      register, a myocardial infarction register and a stroke register in the
      intervention area.

PMID- 959786
TI  - Health situation and related social conditions among 66-year-old Finnish men.
AB  - The aims of the study were to reveal the extent of physical activity, nutritional
      habits, smoking and alcohol consumption and the relation of these to previous
      occupation among recently retired men. The number of men belonging to various
      health risk groups was estimated on the basis of the results. About 10% had
      inadequate nutritional habits as judged from their food expenses and number of
      daily hot meals and about 20% practised physical exercise in the way which is
      considered necessary for the improvement of cardiovascular performance and
      maximal oxygen uptake. Only a small minority had been requested to undertake
      physical exercise. About 18% lived alone. The problems were more pronounced among
      the men retired from manual occupations compared with men whose main occupation
      had been of a sedentary nature. The results indicate that a considerable
      proportion of elderly men would need more advice and more adequate services in
      order to improve their daily living habits. Any such measures should preferably
      be started before retirement as the living habits adopted during the earlier
      periods of life seem to remain unchanged in old age. The results are based on an
      interview study carried out among 137 66-year-old men representing about 90% of
      the men of that age group living in Jyvaskyla, a town of 60000 inhabitants in
      Central Finland.

PMID- 959787
TI  - On pensioners' circumstances in a large Swedish city. A report from Malmo.
AB  - In 1972-1973 the authors carried out a field-work programme in a surburban area
      covered by the 4th Welfare District of Malmo with the objective of charting the
      general circumstances among the pensioners living there. Such surveys should be
      pursued in such a way that immediate needs would be disclosed and met. The
      findings were intended to form a basis for future improvement projects. As
      expected, the results show the necessity of tracking down hidden needs, often
      underestimated by the pensioners themselves, especially those in poor health and
      of limited means. Within the framework of a permanent field-work programme, those
      people must be made more aware of their own interests and rights.

PMID- 959788
TI  - Retirement and psychic investments.
AB  - An attempt has been made to investigate the effect of retirement on the amount of
      psychic investment in the different sections of the social field. A further
      investigation was made on the application of the disengagement theory and the
      theory of role flexibility to the present material. The results do not support
      either of the theories. The material consisted of 28 pensioners, who were sent 3
      questionnaires: on retirement, and 3 months and 1 year later. In processing the
      material, factor analysis and group analysis were primarily employed. In the
      group analysis, the observation units (84) (each answer from each subject) were
      divided into three groups. The present results showed a considerable degree of
      stability in the subjects, irrespective of their retirement; 82% had remained in
      the same group for all three questionnaires.

PMID- 959789
TI  - Transmission of vibration in the hand-arm system with special reference to
      changes in compression force and acceleration.
AB  - The transmission of longitudinal vibration in the hand-arm system of five
      subjects was investigated. Altogether 405 individual tests were made. Vibration
      was measured with an accelerometer (weight 0.4 g) fixed in turn to the wrist, the
      elbow, and the upper arm by means of a supporting device (weight 34 g). A handle
      with strain gauges attached was used to study the effect of compression force
      (10, 20 and 40 N) and constant acceleration (1, 3 and 10 g) on the transmission
      of vibration at frequencies from 20 to 630 Hz. In the curves recorded, sharp dips
      appeared which were evidently caused by resonances from the soft tissues of the
      hand. However in the hand-arm system no common resonance frequency was observed
      that would harmfully affect the health of workers. Vibration in the hand-arm
      system was attenuated at an average of 3 dB per octave at the frequencies between
      20 and 100 Hz. Between 100 and 630 Hz the attenuation was about 6 dB per octave
      in the wrist and 10 dB per octave in the elbow and upper arm. At the frequency of
      630 Hz the attenuation was hence about 35 dB in the wrist and about 45 DB in the
      elbow. The attenuation of vibration in the elbow joint was 2 to 4 dB at all
      frequencies. The hand-arm system appears to be linear at the acceleration range
      considered; the increase in handle vibration by, e.g., 10 dB also increased
      vibration in the hand by 10 dB. When the grip strength was increased fourfold,
      i.e., 12 dB, vibration increased only 3 to 5 dB in the hand-arm system. Thus
      changing the weight of a vibrating tool does not reduce vibration enough.
      Therefore attempts to reduce vibration should concentrate on the mechanical parts
      of the engines.

PMID- 959790
TI  - Systolic time intervals as a measure of left ventricular function in viscose
      rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide.
AB  - In a group of viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide the systolic time
      intervals were calculated. They were determined from the simultaneous recording
      of an ECG, a phonocardiogram, and arterial pulse tracings. Results indicate a
      shortened left ventricular ejection time (lvet) and a prolonged isovolumetric
      contraction time (ICT), together with an increase in the ratio of ICT to LVET.
      These alterations, which occurred in the absence of any clinical signs or
      symptoms of heart disease, are interpreted as a consequence of an impaired left
      ventricular contractility, comparable to mild coronary dysfunction. Literature
      data support the hypothesis that the biochemical mechanisms involved in the
      effect of carbon disulfide on myocardial cells are (a) an interference with
      energy metabolism from the inadequate availability of thiamine and nicotinamide
      or a direct inhibition of cytochrome or (b) an interference with catecholamine
      metabolism and defective hormonal control of the energy utilization process.
      Impaired left ventricular function in rayon viscose workers exposed to carbon
      disulfide represents an early and highly sensitive sign of carbon disulfide
      intoxication, and the use of systolic time intervals as a noninvasive measure of
      myocardial performance may be a useful method for monitoring carbon disulfide
      exposed people.

PMID- 959791
TI  - Occupational lead exposure in Finland. VI. Final report.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1973, 2,209 workers representing 30 different types of work were
      studied in Finland for lead exposure. The indicator of lead exposure was the
      blood lead concentrations (Pb-B) of the workers. The highest recommended value
      for Pb-B in Finland, 70 mug/100 ml of blood, was exceeded in the following types
      of work: PVC plastic manufacturing, storage tank manufacturing and repairing,
      machine shop work, treating metal surfaces, paint manufacturing, car radiator
      repairing, spray painting, machine shop work (railway), and storage battery
      repair. The types of work with the highest average exposure were lead scrap
      smelting (Pb-B median 79 mug/100 ml, range 35--118), storage battery
      manufacturing (Pb-B median 66 mug/100 ml, range 19--101), metal founding, (Pb-B
      median 53 mug/100 ml, range 6--108) shipbreaking (Pb-B median 49 mug/100 ml,
      range 26--106) crystal glass manufacturing (Pb-B median 41 mug/100 ml, range 12-
      82), car radiator repairing (Pb-B median 38 mug/100 ml, range 17--83), and PVC
      plastic manufacturing (Pb-B median 37 mug/100 ml, range 10--126). During the past
      5 years cases of clincial lead poisoning have occurred in all of these types of
      work, and the patients received workmen's compensation. The usefulness of the
      national poisoning register in predicting the relative hazard of lead exposure in
      the types of work studied was evaluated with the aid of rank order correlation
      statistics. The analysis showed that the poisoning register is a useful indicator
      of lead exposure in the most exposed types of work. However, the present survey
      also revealed work in which the hazard had escaped recognition in this country:
      metal founding, car repairing, and car radiator repairing, for example. Although
      it seems possible to predict the most heavily exposed work types from national
      poisoning registers only, the detection of workers with less severe
      manifestations of toxic effects, or somtimes even poisoning, in other types of
      work first requires a systematic survey of all types of work with possible lead
      exposure, and then regular monitoring of all exposed workers.

PMID- 959792
TI  - Use of breath analysis to monitor methylene chloride exposure.
AB  - Twenty male and female subjects were exposed repetitively to methylene chloride
      (CH2Cl2) vapor, 50, 100, 250, and 500 ppm, for 1,3, or 7.5 h in a controlled
      environment chamber. Postexposure alveolar breath samples were collected in small
      glass breath tubes and analyzed for CH2Cl2 by gas chromatography. From these data
      is a series of breath CH2Cl2 excretion curves were constructed that can be used
      to estimate the magnitude of a recent exposure. The CH2CL2 breath concentration
      in the immediate postexposure period accurately reflected the vapor concentration
      to which the subjects had been exposed most recently. Breath samples collected 1-
      2 h following exposure were accurate indicators of the time-weighted average
      vapor exposure experienced by the subjects during the previous 8 h of
      occupational exposure. Breath analysis offers a practical, noninvasive method for
      monitoring occupational exposure to CH2Cl2.

PMID- 959793
TI  - Use of chlorophenols as fungicides in sawmills.
AB  - Several commercial formulations of chlorophenols used as fungicides in sawmills
      were found to contain impurities, some of which are known to be much more toxic
      than the main products. The most frequent impurities were chlorinated
      phenoxyphenols, chlorinated diphenyl ethers, chlorinated dibenzofurans, and
      chlorinated dibenzodioxins. Samples of wood dust from several positions in two
      Swedish sawmills were analyzed. The results suggest that the impurities in the
      chlorophenol formulations are enriched in the work environment in relation to the
      chlorophenols themselves, probably because of the low volatility and high
      chemical stability of the impurities. The effect of various methods of fungicide
      application on the work environment is discussed.

PMID- 959794
TI  - X-ray fluorescence analysis of lead in human skeleton in vivo.
AB  - The lead concentration in the skeleton of living man was measured by X-ray
      fluorescence analysis. Five former workers from a metal industry were studied.
      The mean lead concentration in their skeletons was estimated to be 62 mug/g with
      a standard error of +/- 5 mug/g. A comparison with the "normal" skeletal
      concentrations of lead in people from southern Sweden showed the skeletal
      concentrations of the men studied to be about three to nine times higher.

PMID- 959795
TI  - Exposure to anesthetic gases and ethanol during work in operating rooms.
AB  - The concentration of halothane and ethanol in operating rooms was measured during
      37 routine operations performed in nine different departments of surgery at six
      different hospitals. The time-weighted halothane concentrations in the
      respiratory zones of anesthetic and surgical nurses were 0.3--34.0 ppm (time
      weighted average 7.2 ppm) and 0.1--9.2 ppm (time-weighted average 2.5 ppm),
      respectively, in the different operating departments. The corresponding ethanol
      concentrations were 0.3--36.5 ppm (time-weighted average 12.5 ppm) for anesthetic
      nurses and 1.5--46.6 ppm (time-weighted average 15.3 ppm) for surgical nurses.
      The anesthetic technique influences the exposure of the operating staff to
      anesthetic gases, but it does not affect exposure to ethanol. In controlled
      experiments volunteers were exposed to low concentrations of halothane or
      ethanol. About 60% of both substances was retained. The content of ethanol in the
      end-expired air approached zero within a few minutes after the end of exposure,
      while low residual concentrations of halothane were demonstrable for more than 1
      h. Although exposure to ethanol is insignificant in relation to the metabolic
      capacity of the body, ethanol indicates the presence of volatile disinfectant
      components, and its spread through the room atmosphere should be kept in mind
      when the ventilation of operating rooms is designed. The effective elimination of
      airborne pollutants in operating rooms calls for good general ventilation in
      conjunction with local exhaust close to the sources of anesthetic gas leakage.
      General ventilation mainly affects the concentration of substances well-mixed
      with the room atmosphere, such as volatile disinfectant components and anesthetic
      vapor that has spread beyond the actual work zones of the medical staff. For a
      significant reduction in the concentration of anesthetic gases in the respiratory
      zones of the medical staff, the gases must be vented at the source of leakage.
      Since airborne anesthetics occur not only in operating rooms, general ventilation
      has to meet certain minimum requirements also in anesthetic induction rooms and
      recovery rooms. Operating rooms and anesthetic induction rooms must also be
      supplied with local exhaust systems.

PMID- 959796
TI  - [Problems in the antibiotic therapy of puppies].

PMID- 959797
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of seminal vesiculitis in bulls].

PMID- 959798
TI  - [Contribution to the neuropathology of ruminants].

PMID- 959799
TI  - [Incidence and importance of swine diseases: analysis of autopsy findings (1971
      1973). V. Pathology of the blood circulation system, urogenital apparatus,
      systemic diseases serous membranes and joints, skin, locomotion apparatus,
      hematopoietic system and CNS].

PMID- 959800
TI  - [Carbon monoxide poisoning in a pig-breeding unit due to wrongly adjusted propane
      gas infrared radiatro].

PMID- 959801
TI  - [Recurrent corneal erosion of the boxer-dog (erosio recidiva corneae)].

PMID- 959802
TI  - [Arterial blood gas analysis in the diagnosis and monitoring of horses with
      chronic pulmonary diseases].

PMID- 959803
TI  - [Interferon].

PMID- 959804
TI  - [Physiological effects of altitude on cattle].

PMID- 959805
TI  - [Obligatory x-ray examinations of the elbow joints for dysplasia in the Basset
      hound].

PMID- 959806
TI  - The dimensions of human hunger.

PMID- 959807
TI  - The requirements of human nutrition.

PMID- 959808
TI  - The cycles of plant and animal nutrition.

PMID- 959809
TI  - Prostaglindins.

PMID- 959810
TI  - Studies of Fructus schizandrae. IV. Isolation and determination of the active
      compounds (in lowering high SGPT levels) of Schizandra chinensis Baill.
AB  - The alcoholic extracts of the kernels of Schizandra chinensis Baill have been
      reported to be capable of lowering elevated SGPT levels in mice induced by CCl4
      and inhibiting the central nervous system. Seven pharmacological active compounds
      have been isolated from the alcoholic extracts by column chromatography. Five of
      them are identified as wuweizisu C (I), wuweizisu B (II), wuweizisu A (III),
      wuweizichun B (IV) and wuweizichun A (V). They are all derivatives of the dibenzo
      (a, c) cyclooctene system, among which compounds I and IV have hitherto not been
      reported in literature. Ozonolysis of III and subsequent oxidation with H2O2
      yields meso-3,4-dimethyladipic acid. Pyrolytic syn-elimination of V acetate and
      oxidation of the resultant olefin (V-4) affords a diketone (V-5) with molecular
      weight of 446. According to these results and based on the NMR spectra, the two
      methyl groups at C-6 and C-7 of compound I--V must be cis-oriented.

PMID- 959811
TI  - Carcinogenicity of heptachlor and chlordane.

PMID- 959812
TI  - Depressed cholinesterase activities among farm workers in New Jersey.
AB  - The widespread use of organophosphate pesticides creates the possibility of
      excessive exposure of migrant farm workers to these compounds. Blood
      cholinesterase determinations were used to compare the organophosphate pesticide
      exposure of 57 migrant farm workers with that of 35 controls. Frequently reported
      symptoms of the farm workers which might be related to pesticide exposure were
      also studied, including headaches, dizziness, loss of weight, nausea, and a
      general feeling of weakness or loss of energy. Significantly depressed
      cholinesterase activities were found in the farm workers, with 10.5% of the farm
      workers having values below the lower limit of normal. There was no significant
      relationship between frequently reported symptoms of the farm workers and
      depressed cholinesterase levels.

PMID- 959813
TI  - Criminality in XYY and XXY men.

PMID- 959814
TI  - Subjective measurement of high-order aberrations of the eye.
AB  - We used an apparatus similar to Tscherning's aberroscope, and analyzed subjects'
      drawings to obtain the wave aberration surfaces of 55 eyes. This analysis
      permitted a Taylor series representation of the wave aberrations to terms of the
      fourth order. The results revealed a wide variety in type and severity of high
      order aberrations in which "cylindrical" aberrations were prominent and cases of
      classical spherical aberrations were rare. We computed the monochromatic
      modulation transfer function curves for the range of observations. The overall
      findings suggest a more prominent role for monochromatic high-order aberrations
      in degrading the visual image than has hitherto been assumed.

PMID- 959815
TI  - Transplanted neural tissue develops connections with host rat brain.
AB  - Superior collicular fragments transplanted from fetal to newborn rat brains
      develop complex internal organization and receive visual afferents from the host
      providing they lie sufficiently close to the host visual pathways. This system
      allows investigation in vivo of special affinities between cells of the mammalian
      central nervous system.

PMID- 959816
TI  - Potential new artificial sweetener from study of structure-taste relationships.
AB  - 4-(Methoxymethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxaldehyde syn-oxime is a new
      sweetening agent developed by systematic synthesis and taste evaluation of 80 new
      oximes analogous to the little-used osime sweetener, perillartine.

PMID- 959817
TI  - Cholera toxin-peroxidase: changes in surface labeling of glioblastoma cells with
      increased time in tissue culture.
AB  - Cholera toxin coupled to peroxidase yielded a highly specific ultrastructural
      marker of plasma membrane monosialogangliosides. Studies with cultures of brain
      and brain tumors suggested that long-term culture of tissue in monolayers results
      in eventual loss of surface monosialogangliosides.

PMID- 959818
TI  - Cholera toxin-peroxidase: changes in surface labeling of glioblastoma cells with
      increased time in tissue culture.
AB  - Cholera toxin coupled to peroxidase yielded a highly specific ultrastructural
      marker of plasma membrane monosialogangliosides. Studies with cultures of brain
      and brain tumors suggested that long-term culture of tissue in monolayers results
      in eventual loss of surface monosialogangliosides.

PMID- 959819
TI  - The insertion of DNA into vaccinia virus.
AB  - Cells infected with vaccinia virus in the presence of hydroxyurea (HU), which
      blocks DNA replication, were examined in thin sections by electron microscopy at
      intervals after removal of HU. Dense, fibrillar material was observed at the
      orifice formed just before closure of the membrane constituting the envelope of
      the immature form of the virus. It is concluded that synchrony of assembly
      enabled stages in the condensation and insertion of viral deoxyribonucleoprotein
      to be observed. The mechanism appears to be similar to that encountered in
      morphologic studies of herpes simplex virus and in biochemical studies of
      poliovirus, adenovirus, and several bacteriophages.

PMID- 959820
TI  - Benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxides as intermediates in nucleic acid binding in vitro
      and in vivo.
AB  - Evidence has been obtained that a specific isomer of a diol epoxide derivative of
      benzo(a)pyrene, (+/-)-7 beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha, 10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene, is an intermediate in the binding of benzo(a)pyrene to
      RNA in cultured bovine bronchial mucosa. An adduct is formed between position 10
      of this derivative and the 2-amino group of guanine.

PMID- 959821
TI  - Cytoplasmic aldo-keto reductases: a class of drug metabolizing enzymes.
AB  - Aldehyde and ketone xenobiotic substances are preferentially reduced to alcohols
      by cytoplasmic enzymes in mammals. These enzymes are widely distributed in the
      tissues, have broad substrate specificities, have similar physical-chemical
      characteristics, and require reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as
      cofactor for the reductions. These reductases define a system of detoxification
      for aldehyde and ketone groups.

PMID- 959822
TI  - Histones and G banding of chromosomes.
AB  - Polylysine, polyarginine, and histones H1, H2A, H2B, and H3 inhibit Giemsa
      staining and chromosome banding by binding to DNA and preventing side stacking of
      the positively charged thiazine dyes to the negatively charged phosphate groups
      on DNA. This is a nonspecific effect and does not of itself provide evidence for
      a role of histones in G banding. The question of whether histones are involved in
      chromosome banding is reviewed.

PMID- 959823
TI  - Opioid peptides endorphins in pituitary and brain.

PMID- 959824
TI  - Calcium release from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum: site of action of
      dantrolene sodium.
AB  - The muscle relaxant dantrolene sodium acts directly and specifically on skeletal
      muscle, unlike other pharmacological agents which affect the central nervous
      system or act at the nueromuscular junction. Dantrolene sodium markedly
      suppresses the release of calcium previously sequestered by skeletal, but not
      cardiac, muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. No effect in the total amount of calcium
      accumulated was found. In situ, the drug may reduce the amount of calcium
      necessary for muscle contraction.

PMID- 959825
TI  - Photochemotherapy: identification of a metabolite of 4, 5', 8-trimethylpsoralen.
AB  - A compound, 4, 8-dimethyl, 5'-carboxypsoralen (DMeCP), has been identified in
      mouse urine as a major metabolite of the photoactive drug, 4, 5', 8
      trimethylpsoralen (TMeP). This drug is widely used in the treatment of vitiligo
      and psoriasis. DMeCP is fluorescent, and nonphotosensitizing when tested on
      guinea pig skin. DMeCP also occurs in the urine of human patients receiving TMeP
      orally.

PMID- 959826
TI  - H-Y male antigen: detection on eight-cell mouse embryos.
AB  - The H-Y (male) antigen is expressed on 50 percent of eight-cell embryos (2 days
      old) of the mouse, strain C57BL/6. This work provides additional evidence that H
      Y expression is not dependent on male differentiation.

PMID- 959827
TI  - Coronary arterial smooth muscle contraction by a substance released from
      platelets: evidence that it is thromboxane A2.
AB  - When human platelets are aggregated by thrombin, material is released that
      rapidly contracts strips of spirally cut porcine coronary artery. Prevention of
      the contraction by indomethacin suggested mediation by a prostaglandin. The
      contraction produced by aggregating platelets was unlike those produced by
      prostaglandins E2, F2alpha, G2, or H2, but resembled that evoked by thromboxane
      A2, which is formed by platelets during aggregation.

PMID- 959828
TI  - Microbial degradation of condensed tannins.
AB  - A strain of Penicillium adametzi Zaleski was isolated from enrichment cultures
      with condensed tannins as the carbon source. Low-molecular-weight condensed
      tannins, extracted and purified from Pinus radiata bark, were used as substrates
      for quantitative growth measurements on this fungus in defined culture
      conditions.

PMID- 959829
TI  - Behavioral fever in newborn rabbits.
AB  - Rabbit pups, 12 to 72 hours old, did not develop a fever when injected
      intraperitoneally with a pyrogen and maintained at an ambient temperature of 32
      degrees C for 2 hours. When placed in a thermally graded alleyway, animals
      injected with pyrogen selected gradient positions that represented significantly
      higher temperatures than controls injected with saline (40.4 degrees in contrast
      to 36.4 degrees C). Allowing the pups to remain at their selected positions for 5
      minutes caused a significant increase in the rectal temperatures of the pyrogen
      injected pups but not that of the controls. Thus, newborn rabbits will develop a
      fever by behavioral means after a single injection of an exogenous pyrogen.

PMID- 959830
TI  - Hardy-Weinberg law: asymptotic approach to a generalized form.
AB  - The equilibrium frequencies of a generalized Hardy-Weinberg law are approached at
      a geometric rate under assortative mating, irrespective of the initial genotypic
      frequencies. The asymptotic form is similar to that of Wright, and the pattern of
      assortative mating is based on deviations from the mean genotypic value.

PMID- 959831
TI  - The effect of stimulus sequence on the waveform of the cortical event-related
      potential.
AB  - The waveform of the cortical event-related potential is extremely sensitive to
      variations in the sequence of stimuli preceding the eliciting event. The waveform
      changes were manifested primarily in the amplitudes of the negative component of
      the potential that peaked at 200 milliseconds, the positive component that peaked
      at 300 milliseconds, and the slow-wave components. A quantitative model was
      developed relating the waveform changes to changes in event expectancy.
      Expectancy is assumed to depend on a decaying memory for events within the prior
      sequence, the specific structure of the sequence, and the global probability of
      event occurrence. For stimuli relevant to the task, the less expected the
      stimulus the larger the amplitudes of late components of the event-related
      potentials.

PMID- 959832
TI  - Successful immunization against the sexual stages of Plasmodium gallinaceum.
AB  - Gametocyte infectivity and oocyst development of the avian malaria parasite,
      Plasmodium gallinaceum, can be reduced or eliminated in mosquitoes by immunizing
      the chickens on which the mosquitoes feed with infected red blood cells that have
      been treated with formalin or x-rays. Protection of the mosquito appears to be
      related to the immobilization of the microgametes in its gut and is associated
      with the immunoglobulin G fraction of serum.

PMID- 959833
TI  - Myosin synthesis increased by electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle cell
      cultures.
AB  - When cultures of skeletal muscle cells of the chick embryo are subjected to
      repetitive, electrical stimulation, the contractions increase the amount of
      protein produced by these cells. The increase is greater for contractile proteins
      such as myosin heavy chain than for total cellular protein. This demonstrates
      that in a culture system of skeletal muscle cells that have differentiated in the
      absence of innervation, one can elicit the protein synthetic response associated
      with skeletal muscle hypertrophy in vivo.

PMID- 959834
TI  - Biological impact of small air ions.
AB  - The thrust of the experimental data presented here is that small air ions are
      biologically active. There is convincing evidence that both negative and positive
      ions (i) inhibit growth of bacteria and fungi on solid media; (ii) exert a lethal
      effect on vegetative forms of bacteria suspended in water when opportunity is
      provided for contact of cells and ions; and (iii) reduce the viable count of
      bacterial aerosols. Through physical action, ions of either charge upset the
      stability of aerolosized bacterial suspensions and, in addition, have a direct
      lethal effect which is more prominent with negative ions than with positive ions.
      With regard to the serotonin hypothesis of air ions action, the situation is more
      complex. The essential fact is that mice and rats display a charge-related
      metabolic response to air ions and this phenomenon also occurs in humans. Because
      serotonin is such a potent hormone, the ultimate functional changes incident to
      air ion action are impressive and account for the signs of symptoms of the sharav
      syndrome. Alterations in the cumulative mortality rate with three experimental
      respiratory disease in the mouse also are charge-dependent, positive ions
      routinely exercising a detrimental effect. Further, in the case of mice infected
      with influenza virus, ion-deprivation increases the cumulative mortality rate.
      Since ion depletion is a constant concomitant of modern urban life, one
      reasonably may speculate about comparable inimical effects on humans.

PMID- 959835
TI  - Flow-field-flow fractionation: a versatile new separation method.
AB  - Flow-field-fractionation is a new separation technique that seems likely to have
      broad applicability. Its theoretical scope includes any solute for which one can
      find a solvent and a semipermeable membrane. The principles on which the
      technique is based are presented. Some experiments with polystyrene beads,
      viruses, and proteins verify that retention depends solely on diffusion
      coefficients.

PMID- 959836
TI  - Mitochondria: system for prolonged maintenance and repeated measurements of
      energy-linked functions.

PMID- 959837
TI  - Identification of specific changes in the pattern of brain protein synthesis
      after training.
AB  - Double labeling studies with [3H]valine and [14C]valine were used to investigate
      the pattern of protein synthesis in the brains of goldfish. The protein fractions
      in three bands (alpha, beta, and gamma) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gels indicate that more valine was incorporated in the brains of goldfish that
      had been trained in a vestibular conditioning task than in the brains of
      untrained fish or fish trained in a variety of control behavioral situation.
      Changes in the pattern of labeling were localized in the cytoplasmic fraction of
      the brain; no increases in labeling occurred in either the nuclear or
      synaptosomal components. The results suggest that a specific change occurs in the
      pattern of protein synthesis in the brain after the acquistion of a new behavior.

PMID- 959838
TI  - Letter: Differentiation of differing concentrations of sucrose glucose by human
      newborns.

PMID- 959839
TI  - Abnormal visual resolution in the Siamese cat.
AB  - When tested behaviorally, Siamese cats display marked differences in contrast
      sensitivity compared to ordinary cats. Overall sensitivity is depressed, the high
      frequency cutoff point is lower, and there is less falloff in sensitivity at low
      spatial frequencies. Optical factors may contribute to these differences, or they
      may be attributable to the well-established anatomical abnormalities within the
      visual system of the Siamese cat.

PMID- 959840
TI  - The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations.
AB  - It is proposed that most neoplasms arise from a single cell of origin, and tumor
      progression results from acquired genetic variability within the original clone
      allowing sequential selection of more aggressive sublines. Tumor cell populations
      are apparently more genetically unstable than normal cells, perhaps from
      activation of specific gene loci in the neoplasm, continued presence of
      carcinogen, or even nutritional deficiencies within the tumor. The acquired
      genetic insta0ility and associated selection process, most readily recognized
      cytogenetically, results in advanced human malignancies being highly individual
      karyotypically and biologically. Hence, each patient's cancer may require
      individual specific therapy, and even this may be thwarted by emergence of a
      genetically variant subline resistant to the treatment. More research should be
      directed toward understanding and controlling the evolutionary process in tumors
      before it reaches the late stage usually seen in clinical cancer.

PMID- 959841
TI  - Technology policy and democracy.

PMID- 959842
TI  - Insect pheromone synthesis: new methodology.

PMID- 959843
TI  - Autoregulation and function of a repressor in bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 959844
TI  - Man-made radionuclides and sedimentation in the Hudson River estuary.
AB  - Recently deposited fine-grained sediments in the Hudson River estuary contain
      radionuclides from global fallout produced by atmospheric bomb tests as well as
      from low-level releases of a local nuclear reactor. Accumulation rates of these
      nuclides are dependent on rates of sediment deposition and vary with location in
      the estuary by more than two orders of magnitude. Within the Hudson estuary, New
      York harbor is currently the zone of most rapid deposition of sediments
      containing radionuclides, some of which were released from a nuclear reactor
      about 60 kilometers upstream of the harbor.

PMID- 959845
TI  - Bat mortality: pesticide poisoning and migratory stress.
AB  - Organochlorine residues in the fat of young Mexican free-tailed bats, Tadarida
      brasiliensis, reached the brain and caused symptoms of poisoning after the fat
      mobilization that takes place during migratory flight was simulated. These
      chemical body burdens were obtained naturally under free-living conditions at the
      maternity roost. The data obtained support the hypothesis that pesticides have
      contributed to recent declines in populations of this bat.

PMID- 959846
TI  - Formation and transport of secondary air pollutants: ozone and aerosols in the
      St. Louis urban plume.
AB  - Emissions from metropolitan St. Louis caused reduced visibilities and
      concentrations of ozone in excess of the federal ambient standard (0.08 part per
      million) 160 kilometers or more downwind of the city on 18 July 1975. Atmospheric
      production of ozone and visibility-reducing aerosols continues long after their
      primary precursors have been diluted to low concentrations.

PMID- 959847
TI  - Structural basis for ON-and OFF-center responses in retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - The inner plexiform layer of the mammalian retina has a bisublaminar organization
      determined by restricted branching of the terminals of cone bipolar cells and
      dendrites of class I (large) and class II (small) ganglion cells. Comparison of
      dendritic field diameters and receptive fiedl center sizes of large ganglion
      cells suggests that neural circuitry in sublamina a conveys "OFF"-center
      properties and connections in sublamina b "ON"-center properties to retinal
      ganglion cells.

PMID- 959848
TI  - Hyaluronidase-induced reductions in myocardial infarct size.
AB  - The size of myocardial infarctions following coronary artery occlusion in the rat
      was determined directly by measurement of creatine phosphokinase activity in
      homogenized whole left ventricles and by planimetric measurement of the area of
      the infarctions in histologic sections of serial slices of the left ventricles.
      Hyaluronidase was shown to produce significant reductions in expected infarct
      size both 48 hours and 3 weeks after occlusion without impairing fibrosis during
      the healing phase. Thus, the amount of myocardial necrosis that follows a
      coronary artery occlusion has been shown directly to be amenable to reduction
      with a pharmacological intervention.

PMID- 959849
TI  - Nuclear inclusions in Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - The ultrastructure of bone cells was examined in biopsies from 18 patients with
      Paget's disease of bone and from 60 patients with a variety of other bone
      diseases. A characteristic nuclear inclusion was found in the osteoclasts of each
      patient with Paget's disease. The nuclear inclusion most closely resembles viral
      nucleocapsids of the measles type.

PMID- 959850
TI  - Depletion of brain catecholamines: failure of ocular dominance shift after
      monocular occlusion in kittens.
AB  - Monocularly deprived kittens were compared with littermates that had had their
      eyelids sutured for the same time but that had, in addition, been treated with 6
      hydroxydopamine to deplete their forebrains of catecholamines. The visual
      cortices of all the catecholamine-depleted kittens showed high proportions of
      binocular neurons, in contrast to the control group, most of whose visual
      cortical neurons were driven exclusively by the nondeprived eye. Catecholamines
      may play an important role in the maintenance of cortical plasticity during the
      critical period.

PMID- 959851
TI  - Responses of infants to visually presented objects.
AB  - The reaching behavior of some 60 infants between 7 and 23 days of age was
      studied. Contrary to some other reports, the infants did not respond differently
      to a visually presented, graspable, solid object than to its two-dimensional
      representation.

PMID- 959852
TI  - Sexual dimorphism in vocal control areas of the songbird brain.
AB  - In canaries and zebra finches, three vocal control areas in the brain are
      strikingly larger in males than in females. A fourth, area X of the lobus
      parolfactorius, is well developed in males of both species, less well developed
      in femal canaries, and absent or not recognizable in femal zebra finches. These
      size differences correlate well with differences in singing behavior. Males of
      both species learn song by reference to auditory information, and females do not
      normally sing. Exogenous testosterone induces singing in female canaries but not
      in female zebra finches. This is believed to be the first report of such gross
      sexual dimorphism in a vertebrate brain.

PMID- 959853
TI  - Letter: Serotonin depression.

PMID- 959854
TI  - On the minimum size of endogamous populations.

PMID- 959855
TI  - Academic performance in Hawaii.

PMID- 959856
TI  - Effect of emigration on the structure and growth of a Southwestern Indian
      reservation population.

PMID- 959857
TI  - The changing sex ratio of the navajo tribe.

PMID- 959858
TI  - Female labor force participation and fertility: some methodological and
      theoretical considerations.

PMID- 959859
TI  - Contraception and pregnancy after dropping out of family planning clinics: a
      national interview survey in Jamaica.

PMID- 959860
TI  - Genetic variability in Chilean Indian populations and its association with
      geography, language, and culture.

PMID- 959861
TI  - Furthernotes on dizygotic twinning-rate changes.

PMID- 959862
TI  - Child mortality, social status, and fertility in India: a note on Singh's paper.

PMID- 959863
TI  - [Potassium and sodium electrolyte ratio in the myocardium following death by
      hanging and electric current].
AB  - The amount of the electrolytes of potassium and sodium contained in different
      parts of both the chambers and the septa between them was investigated flame
      photometrically in practically sound persons who died on account of a mechanical
      asphyxiation by hanging--25 cases--and of an electric accident--12 cases.
      Statistically significant changes in the eletrolytes of potassium and sodium were
      detected in cardiac muscle in cases of an electrotrauma as against hanging. In
      connexion with the changes in the above electrolytes the fragmentation of the
      muscle fibers of the heart was enquired into. No strict correlational dependency
      between the changes of electrolyte balance and the degree of fragmentation was
      found.

PMID- 959864
TI  - Overcoming inertia in the planning of a burn care facility.
AB  - Various problems, involving money, space, personnel, and their relationship to
      the hospital administration, can be associated with the establishment of a Burn
      Unit. However, these problems can be overcome. During the creation of a Burn
      Unit, consultation regarding the design features of the unit is particularly
      important.

PMID- 959865
TI  - Special retractors for the hip joint and small bones.

PMID- 959866
TI  - Problems in management of the pregnant patient with rheumatic heart disease and
      valve prosthesis.
AB  - The clinical course, through pregnancy and delivery, of a 30-year-old woman with
      rheumatic heart disease and a prosthetic mitral valve is presented. Despite
      maternal development of congestive cardiac failure and atrial fibrillation, the
      delivery of a healthy infant was achieved. The problems encountered during
      pregnancy and delivery in patients with rheumatic heart disease and prosthetic
      valves are discussed. These include the management of long-term anticoagulant
      therapy, prophylaxis against rheumatic fever and subacute bacterial endocarditis,
      impaired cardiac function, atrial fibrillation, breast feeding, and contraception
      as they relate both to the mother and the fetus and infant.

PMID- 959867
TI  - Case finding of unrelated disease in the orthopedic clinic.
AB  - Protocols for detecting hypertension and pelvic disease were established in the
      orthopedic outpatient department. A significant percentage (hypertension, 20%;
      pelvic disease, 10%) of the patients were found to have undiagnosed pathologic
      conditions. The cost to the orthopedist of such case finding was minimal in terms
      of time and money. Methods of securing adequate follow-up are discussed.

PMID- 959868
TI  - Avascular necrosis of the body of the talus after combined medial and lateral
      release of congenital clubfoot.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of 203 patients with 321 congenital clubfoot
      deformities who had at least one operative procedure at the Shriner's Hospital in
      Greenville, South Carolina, in a period from 1944 to 1973. The five cases of
      avascular necrosis of the talus occurred among the 35 patients having combined
      medial and lateral releases. These five clubfeet were recurrent and recalcitrant
      and required extensive soft tissue release to achieve sustained correction. It is
      recommended that dissection of the subtalar joint, except at the talonavicular
      joint, be avoided and that extensive lateral ankle dissection, especially when
      the sinus tarsi is included, should not be performed simultaneously with the
      medial release unless absolutely necessary to achieve the desired anatomic
      relationship.

PMID- 959869
TI  - Depression among the aged.
AB  - Depression in the elderly is a public health problem that will increase in
      magnitude as a progressively larger proportion of our population consists of
      those over the age of 65. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the elderly are in
      need of physical and mental health care. New data from 1,645 respondents in a
      Southeastern county show the high frequency of depressive symptomatology in the
      elderly and a significant relationship between poverty and depressive
      symptomatology. Predominant symptoms were lowered spirits, feeling helpless, a
      gloomy outlook on the future, a sense of powerlessness, and difficulties with
      sleep and appetite. A social psychiatric orientation is needed to supplement the
      more traditional psychodynamic formulations of depression in the aged. Adverse
      social conditions and cultural biases deprive the elderly person of a requisite
      level of self-esteem and place him at risk for depression. Treatment included
      humanistically based psychotherapy which can be carried out by doctors, the use
      of antidepressants, medications, and the development of social support systems.

PMID- 959870
TI  - Rubella: pattern of outbreak in a university.
AB  - During the spring term of 1975, rubella was diagnosed in 23 students at
      Georgetown University in Washington, DC. The cases were concentrated among
      students from the School of Foreign Service and their close contacts; outbreaks
      did not appear in other divisions of the university. Rubella immunization of
      susceptible female college personnel is recommended.

PMID- 959871
TI  - Abdominal thermography in infantile and childhood liver disease.
AB  - Thermography provides an indication of the infrared energy emitted from various
      skin surfaces and, usually, reflects heat conveyed there from underlying organs.
      We have used abdominal thermography to study 62 infants and children with acute
      and chronic liver disease. Thirty-four healthy infants and children were studied
      as controls. Thermograms were abnormal in 96% of all patients with liver disease.
      The most common pattern was diffuse heat emission over the liver area, either
      alone or in combination with vascular and/or mottled patterns. A mottled pattern
      was more common in chronic liver disease. Although follow-up thermograms were
      obtained in 28 patients, the data obtained for different types of liver disease
      are as yet insufficient to warrant conclusions. However, it appeared that
      reversal of an abnormal thermogram to normal was associated with improvement of
      liver function and histologic findings in two patients with acute viral
      hepatitis. On the other hand, persistence of abnormal thermographic records was
      always associated with persistent hepatic disease as determined by histology and
      tests of liver function.

PMID- 959872
TI  - Clinical trials of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: limitations of existing
      studies and a current effort to evaluate efficacy.
AB  - Indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) are both uncertain and
      controversial. Only five prospective clinical trials of T&A have been reported.
      These studies provided important data, but failed to test the efficacy of the
      procedures in children most affected by tonsil- and adenoid-related conditions. A
      study currently under way focuses on just such children and also explores related
      immunologic issues.

PMID- 959873
TI  - Ostium primum atrial septal defect in the adult.
AB  - Seven adults with ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD) are presented. All but
      one patient were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis with the average age being
      41 years. At catheterization each had a large, low ASD, left-to-right shunt, and
      a cleft mitral valve leaflet with minimal regurgitation. Pulmonary hypertension
      occurred in one. Six patients are asymptomatic an average of 3.5 years after
      surgical correction. One patient died of other causes at 18 months. Rapid
      decompensation secondary to arrhythmias or atrioventricular block occurs much
      more frequently with primum than with secundum ASDs, approaching 80% by age 45.
      Follow-up in this series suggests that surgical correction may prevent these
      developments.

PMID- 959874
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis in children before and since isoniazid.
AB  - The use of isoniazid (INH) in persons exposed to active cases of tuberculosis has
      been challenged, Reports of toxic reactions to isoniazid warrant a review of the
      drug's potential benefits and hazards. This prompted a retrospective survey of
      cases admitted to a large county hospital to determine admission incidence before
      and since initiation of a program of case-finding and INH chemoprophylaxis for
      children in 1953. During the 24-year period surveyed (1950-1973), the population
      of the county increased twofold while the yearly admission rate for tuberculous
      meningitis in children fell from a high of eight cases to a low of two. This
      dramatic drop in cases admitted, coupled with an absence of any toxic reactions
      to the drug, provides support for continuation of the program of case-finding and
      isoniazid chemoprophylaxis.

PMID- 959875
TI  - Perforating ocular shotgun injuries: relationship of ocular findings to pellet
      ballistics.
AB  - A retrospective study of 20 cases of perforating ocular injuries due to shotgun
      pellets revealed visual acuity of hand motions or worse in 85%. Massive
      persistent vitreous hemorrhage was present in 75%. Double perforation of the
      globe was present in 60% of the involved eyes. Product safety measures are
      recommended.

PMID- 959876
TI  - The spectrum of herpes simplex virus infections in children.

PMID- 959877
TI  - Current management of digitalis intoxication.
AB  - Of the commonly used drugs, digitalis has one of the highest therapeutic-toxic
      ratios. Mortality is significantly increased in the 20% to 30% of patients on
      digitalis who are in a toxic state when admitted to the hospital. Successful use
      of digitalis depends on avoidance of its use in situations likely to result in
      toxicity; recognition of the signs, symptoms, and electrocardiographic findings
      of digitalis intoxication; and stopping digitalis completely as the initial
      treatment of digitalis intoxication.

PMID- 959878
TI  - Hodgkin's disease of the anterior mediastinum presenting as pulmonic stenosis.

PMID- 959879
TI  - Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula in four male members of a
      kindred.

PMID- 959880
TI  - Torticollis caused by absence of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle.

PMID- 959881
TI  - Letter: Leprosy and armadillos.

PMID- 959883
TI  - Two ideas to aid the reconstructive surgeon.

PMID- 959882
TI  - Letter: State Mental Hospitals.

PMID- 959884
TI  - Editorial: Publish and perish.

PMID- 959885
TI  - Symposium on leprosy. Introductory comments: leprosy in the continental United
      States.

PMID- 959886
TI  - Leprosy in the United States, 1950-1969: an epidemiologic review.

PMID- 959887
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of leprosy.
AB  - Leprosy is a complex disease, but recent research and the Ridley-Jopling
      classification which emphasize its immunologic aspects have greatly aided our
      understanding of and approach to the problem. The diagnosis should be considered
      whenever skin lesions and sensory loss occur. Dapsone remains the treatment of
      choice, but several newer drugs show great promise, especially in those cases
      whose bacilli have become sulfone resistant. Immunotherapy may play an
      increasingly prominent role in the future. Reactive episodes continue to be a
      serious complication, but the availability of thalidomide to control erythema
      nodosum leprosum has markedly improved the prognosis. Physicians of the US Public
      Health Service Hospital at Carville, Louisiana, are available at all times for
      consultation on these and other matters related to leprosy.

PMID- 959888
TI  - [Efficiency evaluation in radiodiagnosis].

PMID- 959889
TI  - [Efficiency evaluation on radiotherapy].

PMID- 959890
TI  - [Efficiency evaluation in nuclear medicine].

PMID- 959891
TI  - [Model for an efficiency pattern in radiology].

PMID- 959892
TI  - [Current accident rate and specialized aid at different stages of transport of
      the injured].

PMID- 959893
TI  - [Use of transoseal extrafocal compression and distraction osteosynthesis in the
      treatment of diseases and injuries of the locomotor apparatus].

PMID- 959894
TI  - [Electric stimulation as a criability test of the intestine during conditions
      after incarceration].

PMID- 959895
TI  - [Our experiences with Eisenhammer's sphincterotomy in benign anorectal lesious].

PMID- 959896
TI  - [Appendicitis in pregnancy].

PMID- 959897
TI  - [Endometriosis of the small intestine as a cause of ileus].

PMID- 959898
TI  - [Ileus due to oranges].

PMID- 959899
TI  - [Blunt injuries of the pancreas].

PMID- 959900
TI  - [Rehabilitation after mastectomy].

PMID- 959901
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma].

PMID- 959902
TI  - [Editorial: Corticosteroids].

PMID- 959903
TI  - [Catecholamine metabolism in chronic rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 959904
TI  - [Fine structure of the subcutaneous nodule of chronic rheumatoid arthritis:
      biopsy study].

PMID- 959905
TI  - [Serum vitamin B12 levels of the patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 959906
TI  - [Effect of immunosuppressive agents on systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 959907
TI  - [Adverse effects of gold salts].

PMID- 959908
TI  - [Epidemiology of Behcet's disease; status of Behcet's disease in Japan].

PMID- 959909
TI  - A direct procedure for the micro-scale preparation of acyl derivatives of
      nucleophilic drugs from carboxylic acids for gc separation and identification.
AB  - Free carboxylic acids were converted into mixed anhydrides suitable for the
      acylation of nucleophilic drugs in a one-step procedure. By preparing more than
      one acyl derivative and comparing the retention times of the derivatives with
      those of authentic drug samples with reference to suitable internal standards,
      the positive identification of unknown drugs was possible. The method is suitable
      for use in conjunction with the microphase extraction of drugs.

PMID- 959910
TI  - A scanning electron microscope study of the developing rat secondary palate.
AB  - The surfaces of the developing secondary palatal shelves and palate, in Wistar
      strain albino rats, were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Beginning
      on the 16th day after insemination there was a progressive degeneration of the
      cell surfaces on the medial aspect of the shelves. This took the form of a loss
      of surface microvilli and intercellular boundaries accompanied by the appearance
      of clefts between the cells. Fusion of the palate was complete by the 18th day
      and two epithelial zones could be recognized in the soft palate. The cell surface
      degeneration is possibly an essential change prior to shelf fusion.

PMID- 959911
TI  - Editorial: The eater's dilemma.

PMID- 959912
TI  - Deadline.

PMID- 959913
TI  - Letter: Aorto-oesophageal fistula complicating tuberculous aortitis.

PMID- 959914
TI  - Efficacy of cryotherapy in retinoblastoma.
AB  - Five cases of retinoblastoma treated be freezing are reported. From these cases
      it appears that a single freeze-thaw cycle will destroy all tumour and that with
      suitable instruments it is possible to destroy tumours involving up to 30% of the
      volume of the globe without causing blindness.

PMID- 959915
TI  - Physicians and sex therapy.
AB  - The physician's role in sex therapy is discussed. Problems of sexual dysfunction
      and guidelines for physicians who wish to engage in sex therapy are set out
      briefly.

PMID- 959916
TI  - Herb use and necrodegenerative hepatitis.
AB  - Twelve patients with herbally-induced hepatitis are described and the
      clinicopathological features of their illness, which seem to present a
      recognisable spectrum, are discussed. The nature and the severity of the
      histological changes seem to correlate with the clinical manifestations and the
      immediate prognosis. Laboratory tests, especially liver function studies, are of
      limited diagnostic and prognostic value. The plants which contain the responsible
      toxins, have been identified in this country and in other parts of Southern
      Africa. A short list is provided of, apparently, the commonest medicinal plants
      in Lesotho. Many more toxic plants, however, are used in food and in diverse
      traditional medications. Senecio species are the principal source of hepatotoxic
      alkoloids, especially pyrrolizidines. Experimental studies ann evidence of
      similar disorders in animals, have thrown some light on the pathogenic mechanisms
      of these hepatotoxic and possibly hepatocarcinogenic agents. The disease in
      humans probably results from a combination of factors.

PMID- 959917
TI  - Safety restraints for children travelling in motor vehicles.
AB  - The parents of 202 children were questioned about their use of safety restraints
      for their children while they were passengers in a motor vehicle. The result of
      the survey shows a low incidence of use of safety restraints by both parents and
      their children and that the type used for children was, in the majority of cases,
      both inadequate and dangerous. There was a correlation between the use of safety
      restraints by both parent and child on the day of questioning, but no association
      was found between the use of these restraints and the social class, educational
      standard achieved, income group, home language or home province of the parents.
      Neither was there any association between the use of safety restraints and a
      history of previous traffic accidents which had involved the family or close
      friends. In South Africa, the number of deaths in childhood as a result of motor
      vehicle accidents exceed those from the same cause in the United Kingdom. We
      consider that the medical profession in this country should inform the public of
      the desirability of fitting and using safety restraints of the correct type for
      children while they are passengers in motor vehicles. Reasons for the high
      incidence of serious injuries to children who are passengers in motor vehicles
      are reviewed and the methods of restraining children of different ages are
      discussed.

PMID- 959918
TI  - Computerised axial tomography.
AB  - Computerised axial tomography has made an impressive impact on surgical
      neurology, and when the body scanner becomes available it will no doubt have
      similar advantages for the other specialities. It is a safe non-invasive method
      of investigating pathological processes of the brain. The amount of information
      so obtained is accurate to within 1% and at least a hundred times more inforation
      is obtained than from ordinary X-ray investigations. A review of 1 000 patients
      scanned is presented. Computerised axial tomography, if artefacts are eliminated
      completely, is most unlikely to yield a false positive scan. Its greatest value,
      however, is in the diagnosis of lesions in patients with head injuries and
      abscesses because these patients are very often moribund, and angiography, even
      when done expertly, may aggravate the clinical condition. Orbital and retro
      orbital tumours have proved to be difficult to display other than by the EMI
      scanner methods. Acoustic neurinomata and meningiomata are also displayed with
      clarity, but owing to 'overshoot' artefact, other lesions, which do not enhance
      to the same extent on injection of Conray or Urografin, still offer a diagnostic
      problem. The investigation of epileptic patients has proved disappointing for the
      same reason that artefact obscures the low temporal lobe cut.

PMID- 959919
TI  - Ageing in a plural society.
AB  - The differential position and involvement of the aged in each population group in
      the Republic of South Africa are illustrated on the basis of an analysis of the
      age structure of the population, sex ratios, life expectancy, degree and nature
      of urbanisation and industrialisation and family structure. It is concluded that
      the problems and needs of the aged in modernising plural societies differ for
      each population group, and that there thus exists a need for a flexible and non
      dogmatic approach to the needs of the aged.

PMID- 959920
TI  - Editorial: Therapeutic implications of the standardisation of the prothrombin
      time test.

PMID- 959921
TI  - Letter: Latin abbreviations in prescriptions.

PMID- 959922
TI  - Letter: Misconceptions and miscarriages in multiple-choice questions.

PMID- 959923
TI  - Letter: Rotavirus as a cause of gastro-enteritis in Black South African infants.

PMID- 959924
TI  - Genetic disorders in Southern Africa.
AB  - Certain uncommon genetic disorders occur relatively frequently in the various
      population groups of Southern Africa. Prominent among these are porphyria,
      colonic polyposis and sclerosteosis in the Afrikaner community, Huntington's
      chorea in the British, Gaucher's and Tay-Sachs diseases in the Jewish population,
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PD deficiency) and thalassaemia
      in the Greek community, various skeletal dysplasias in the Black group, lipoid
      proteinosis and cleidocranial dysostosis in the Cape Coloured population,
      diabetes mellitus in the Indian community and retinitis pigmentosa in the Tristan
      da Cunha islanders. In addition, 'private' syndromes have been encountered in
      virtually every group. Awareness of the ethnic distribution of unusual genetic
      conditions is of considerable practical importance during the differential
      diagnosis of obscure disease.

PMID- 959925
TI  - Isoniazid acetylator status of Black South African tuberculosis patients.
AB  - Black male tuberculosis patients (106) were phenotyped into 59% fast and 41% slow
      acetylators with isoniazid (NH) plasma half-lives. The antimode time dividing the
      two acetylator groups was longer than that previously reported for Whites. The
      therapeutic significance of INH acetylator phenotyping per se is questioned since
      it provides neither a measurement of the amount of INH absorption nor of its
      distribution within the body.

PMID- 959926
TI  - Haemodynamics and treatment of right ventricular infarction.
AB  - In this article 2 cases of myocardial infarction with haemodynamically dominant
      right ventricular infarction are reported. The incidence and significance of the
      condition are discussed. The use of haemodynamic monitoring in diagnosis and
      management is stressed and the response to fluid therapy, either alone or
      together with inotropic drugs, is discussed.

PMID- 959927
TI  - Poisoning associated with witchdoctor attendance.
AB  - Eight patients with poisoning associated with treatment by a witchdoctor are
      presented. Six patients died. A therapeutic approach to the problem is suggested.

PMID- 959928
TI  - The effect of diazepam on human pancreatic secretion.
AB  - The effect of intravenous and intramuscular administration of diazepam on
      secretin- and cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreatic secretion was studied in man.
      Diazepam was not found to have a significant effect on mean volume out-put,
      bicarbonate and enzyme concentrations and colour index. It was acceptable as
      premedication for routine pancreatic function studies.

PMID- 959929
TI  - Measuring emotional stress in Africa: the difficulties involved and some results.
AB  - Two surveys of emotional stress were undertaken and the difficulties experienced
      in each survey are discussed. In the first survey, 3 sets of personality
      inventories, selected to identify the type A personality that is associated with
      the early onset of coronary heart disease, were completed by 95 men, aged from 40
      to 50 years, who came from 4 groups: White Rhodesians, urban Blacks of high and
      low social status, and Blacks from a rural area. The same trend was shown by all
      3 inventories, which indicates that type A behaviour is least common among
      Whites, becomes progressively more marked in Blacks of upper social class, then
      in Blacks of lower social status, and is greatest in Blacks living in a rural
      environment. The psychogalvanic response to emotional stress (fear) was used to
      assess autonomic lability in the first 3 groups.

PMID- 959930
TI  - Coagulation and fibrinolytic properties of peripheral venous blood in chronic
      ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - The coagulation and fibrinolytic properties of peripheral venous blood was
      studied in 10 Black patients with chronic ectopic pregnancy. There were
      significant elevations of plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrin-fibrinogen
      degradation products (FDP) and prolongation of the euglobulin lysis time. These
      features are believed to be compatible with chronic inflammation. No evidence of
      a haemostatic defect was found.

PMID- 959931
TI  - Geriatric care: where does the responsibility lie?
AB  - In contrast to purposeful efforts in South Africa to lay sound foundations for
      the development of social services for the aged, little constructive planning has
      been done by medical authorities to provide for the special health needs of the
      elderly on a national basis and based on recognised geriatric principles.

PMID- 959932
TI  - Eeditoria:The threescore and ten lifespan: can it be prolonged?

PMID- 959933
TI  - Letter: Penicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 959934
TI  - Hypertension detected in young black women by routine screening in a family
      planning clinics.
AB  - The prevalence of hypertension, defined as a diastolic blood pressure over 100
      mmHg, among young Black women who attended a family planning clinic in
      Johannesburg, was 2,85%, while in those over 35 years of age it was 8,5%. There
      was no correlation between hypertension and urbanisation, occupation or urinary
      sodium output. Within 6 months of diagnoisis, 84% of the women with hypertension
      had defaulted from the treatment clinic. Family planning clinics can economically
      screen patients for hypertension, but in this community a separate screening
      programme would not succeed until patient compliance has improved.

PMID- 959935
TI  - [Cycling, fitness and the prevention of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - A short review of the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease in South African
      Whites is given, and primary prevention, which entails an alteration in life
      style, is emphasised. The role of increased physical activity in primary
      prevention is discussed. Any programme to increase the fitness status of a
      population based on activities that must be performed outside the daily routine,
      willhave limited impact. The possible role of cycling is discussed and it is
      shown that ordinary cycling to work probably causes sufficient stimulation of the
      cardiovascular system to produce an acceptable standard of physical fitness.

PMID- 959936
TI  - Pulsus paradoxus in the bedside assessment of patients with bronchial asthma.
AB  - Pulsus paradoxus (PP) was measured in 35 patients with bronchial asthma. The
      presence and degree of PP correlated well with the clinical conditions of the
      patient and with peak expiratory flow rate (PEF). PP and PEF are useful bedside
      measurements in the assessment and management of patients with bronchial asthma.
      Although the degree of PP is usually directly related to the severity of the
      attack of asthma, it was absent in the one patient who remained severly ill with
      unreleived bronchospam when he became exhausted. Our experience with this
      patient, and with previous patients who are not included in the present analysis,
      emphasises the fact that PP must not be considered in isolation but in
      conjunction with the patient's clinical state and with other indices of the
      severity of the astmatic attack.

PMID- 959937
TI  - An interracial comparison of insulin secretion in normal non-pregnant women.
AB  - The plasma insulin response to oral glucose in normal, non-pregnant,
      premenopausal Indian, Black, andWhite women was investigated. Indian women
      responded by an excessive secretion of insulin relative to the other two groups.
      This primarily affected the late phase of insulin release.

PMID- 959938
TI  - Geriatric medicine - the challenge of the 1970s.
AB  - The rising number of elderly people in the community poses a great challenge to
      the medical and allied professions. This article outlines the urgent need for the
      planning and provision of comprehensive services for the elderly. The importance
      of health surveillance, a preventive approach and the health team work is
      stressed. The need for the introduction of geriatrics into undergraduate and
      postgraduate medical education is emphasised.

PMID- 959939
TI  - Infant feeding today.

PMID- 959940
TI  - Letter: Behavioural treatment of enuresis and encopresis in a young boy.

PMID- 959941
TI  - Letter: The efficacy of a nystatin-amoxycillin combination as an antifungal
      preparation.

PMID- 959942
TI  - Subcutaneous phycomycosis from Pondicherry, South India.
AB  - Four cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis diagnosed by isolating Basidiobolus
      meristosorus from affected tissue, are reported along with the growth characters
      and morphological features of this fungus. This is the first report from
      Pondicherry, South India where it was it was possible to isolate the causative
      fungus from each case.

PMID- 959943
TI  - Sulphitolysis in keratinolysi. Biochemical proof.
AB  - The presence of S-sulphocysteine in filtrates of the dermatophyte Keratinomyces
      ajelloi growing on human hair in a culture medium buffered by pH 7-4 by
      phosphates was demonstrated by means of ion exchange chromatography techniques. S
      sulphocysteine being destroyed during acidic hydrolysis was identified after
      enzymic hyrolysis of dialyzed and lyophilized filtrates. This result indicates
      that sulphitolysis occurs during kerationlysis performed by K. ajelloi. As
      thiosulphuric esters were shown present in hair perforations made by Microsporum
      gypseum, we think sulphitolysis is a common mechanism developed by dermatophytes
      to attack keratin.

PMID- 959944
TI  - A cytological study of morphogenesis in Coccidioides immitis.
AB  - Coccidioides immitis is still classified as a Deuteromycete because the perfect
      stage is unknown. Mating experiments have been unsuccessful. Some investigators
      consider the endosporulating spherule to be a sporangium with sporangiospores,
      but others describe it as an ascus. The development of a reproducible method for
      cultivation of the spherule-endospore cycle in vitro provided an opportunity to
      study cytological changes occuring throughout the arthrospore-hyphae-arthrospore
      cycle and the arthrospore-spherule-endospore cycle. Our observations of the
      arthrospore-mycelial cycle confirm an earlier report by another investigator
      demonstrating a resting stage followed by ring formation, a V-form, and a
      filament stage. In addition, we describe four pairs of chromosomes and formation
      of possible spindles and nucleoli. The spherule-endospore cycle is initiated by
      an arthrospore with a single large nucleus, most probably derived from the
      multinucleate arthrospores in the inoculum. This uninucleate arthrospore is
      present for less than 24 hours. During continued incubation, the arthrospore
      becomes a round cell with four pairs of chromosomes. Subsquently, the cell
      enlarges to become a spherule and this growth is accompanied by a series of
      synchronous divisions of the nuclei. Although endospores are formed apparently
      progressive cleavage, clusters of uninucleate endospores are enclosed in a
      membranous sac as seen in squashed spherule preparations. The question of a
      relationship to the phycomycetes or the ascomycetes remains unresolved.

PMID- 959945
TI  - Preliminary studies on conidial liberation of Blastomyces dermatitidis and
      Histoplasma capsulatum.
AB  - Controlled attempts to release viable conidia from cultures of Blastomyces
      dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum with air samplers were unsuccessful. Air
      velocity was not fount to be a limiting factor since the conidia remained
      attached after conidiophores had been violently shaken by air currents in an
      observation chamber. Wetting these same conidiophores readily released the
      conidia. It is inferred that in nature conidia may be liberated by exposure to
      water and then dispersed by air currents.

PMID- 959946
TI  - A study on transformation in a mutant of Candida pseudotropicalis.
AB  - This paper reports on the possible influence of various factors on the frequency
      of transformation in Candida pseudtropicalis. The concentration of DNA used
      varied between 25 mug and 100 mug/ml. The maximum percentage transformation 0-16%
      occured at 75 mug/ml.

PMID- 959947
TI  - Isolation of Sporothrix schenckii in the soil in Israel in relation to a new case
      in man.
AB  - A new case, the third in Israel, of subcutaneous sporotrichosis is presented. A
      pigmentary strain of Sporothrix schenckii was cultured from the unopened and
      necrotic nodules of the left hand and forearm of an 80-year-old male.
      Experimental inoculation of the isolated fungus into mice led to the
      dissemination of the organism in the liver, kidneys and lungs inoculated
      intraperitoneally, and the development of orchitis with abscess formation in
      those inoculated intratesticularly. In both groups of mice the causative agent
      was successfully recovered. Three months of treatment with oral potassium iodide
      led to the disappearance of the lesions. The source of contamination was found to
      be the soil adhering to fragments of wood. Two strains of a fungus,
      morphologically identical to the human S. schenckii, were isolated through the
      mouse procedure and agar-plating method from soil samples collected in the
      vicinity of the patient's residence. The soil isolates also proved to be
      pathogenic in animal inoculation. This is the first isolation of S. schenckii
      from soils in Israel. The possible relationships between the soil isolates and
      Ceratocystis stenoceras are discussed.

PMID- 959948
TI  - Wound healing.

PMID- 959949
TI  - La maladie post-operatoire: Is there order in variety? The six stimulus-response
      sequences.
AB  - The search for a unifying concept in all post-traumatic metabolism, symbolized by
      the phrase "la maladie post-operatoire" has been a fruitful one, not so much
      because of success, as through its very failure. There is such variety in
      convalescent patterns that it has made it essential for students of this subject
      to look more closely at the nature of the stimulus response patterns and bring
      sharply into focus those recurring phenomena whose mixture together determines
      the final clinical result. In this brief introductory paper six groups of
      stimulus-response patterns have been identified and analyzed. The clinician needs
      an understanding of these patterns in everything that he does for the patient,
      both within the operating room and on the ward. The student of surgery must make
      an effort to differentiate amongst the six stimulus-response patterns. If he
      fails to do so he will be analyzing all surgical recovery as falling under a
      single sequence, an error that has been all too frequent in the literature. There
      may be other stimulus response patterns of greater importance which will be added
      to the list presented here, as research in the coming decades increases our
      understanding of convalescent biology. This presentation will serve as an
      introduction to the other papers gathered in this symposium by Dr. Clowes, all of
      which cast further important light on the details of the stimulus and response in
      surgical metabolism.

PMID- 959950
TI  - Dissemination and causes of infection.

PMID- 959951
TI  - Pathophysiologic determinants and prediction of sepsis.

PMID- 959952
TI  - Thrombosis and intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Stress, including trauma and sepsis, is associated with a state of
      hypercoagulability. In these circumstances the patient is at risk of generalized
      or local thrombotic complications. New laboratory investigative procedures
      facilitate diagnosis and permit improved assessment of therapy, which at present
      remains of unproven efficacy both in the general and local situation.

PMID- 959953
TI  - Adequate circulatory responses or cardiovascular failure.

PMID- 959954
TI  - Anaerobic mediastinitis.
AB  - Three patients with anaerobic mediastinitis associated with retropharyngeal
      abscess have been encountered recently. Dental infections accounted for two
      instances, and the third instance resulted from rupture of the thoracic esophagus
      from blunt trauma. Each was marked by extreme difficulty in achieving complete
      abscess drainage due to the initially unrecognized virulence of the causative
      anaerobic bacteria. Complications were frequent and included empyema,
      pericarditis and aspiration pneumonia. The combination of vigorous diagnostic
      efforts, prompt operation and reoperation when necessary plus specific antibiotic
      effective against anaerobes led to a successful outcome for each patient.

PMID- 959955
TI  - Radioactive technetium phosphate bone scanning in preoperative assessment and
      follow-up study of patients with primary cancer of the breast.
AB  - Seventy-five female patients with early primary cancer of the breast were studied
      by bone scanning with 99mTc labeled phosphate at the time of initial presentation
      and serially during follow-up examination. Eleven patients had an abnormal bone
      scan at the time of presentation. During follow-up periods, which have ranged
      from three to 34 months with a mean of 16 months, abnormal bone scans have
      developed in a further 13 patients. To date, nine of the 24 patients with an
      abnormal bone scan have died, while only one of the 51 with a persistently normal
      scan has died. It is concluded that an abnormal bone scan carries a significant
      risk of earlier death due to metastatic disease.

PMID- 959956
TI  - Needle biopsy of the thyroid.
AB  - As with any specialized diagnostic technique, the degree of success and safety of
      needle biopsy of the thyroid are largely based on experience. While an adequate
      core of tissue for examination is imperative, the interpretation by the
      pathologist is equally important. A close liaison of the latter with his clinical
      colleagues is necessary for optimal pathologic evaluation. A review of this
      experience during a 20 year period shows that needle biopsy is a reliable
      diagnostic procedure in more than 90 per cent of the patients. It is unlikely to
      disseminate the disease or compromise the prognosis, and it is a safe office
      procedure.

PMID- 959957
TI  - Intravenous iron-dextran therapy in the treatment of anemia occurring in
      surgical, gynecologic and obstetric patients.
AB  - An infusion of iron-dextran diluted in 1,000 milliliters of physiologic saline
      solution was given to 51 patients. The average hemoglobin response was 1.9 grams
      per deciliter per week. Mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin
      concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin deficits also were corrected. There
      were no allergic reactions. This is an extremely reliable and safe method of
      replenishing depleted iron in patients.

PMID- 959958
TI  - Risk factors in pulmonary embolism.
AB  - The influence of several diseases and conditions upon the prevalence of pulmonary
      embolism in autopsies performed during a ten year period at the University of
      Michigan has been analyzed. The major factors contributing to an increase in risk
      of development of pulmonary embolism include heart disease, certain types of
      cancer, obesity, acute paraplegia and accidental and operative trauma. These and
      several other risk factors defined in other studies should be used in a selective
      program designed to increase the rate of detection of deep venous thrombosis
      before pulmonary embolism occurs, or alternatively, patients at increased risk
      should receive prophylactic low dosage heparin therapy during hospitalization.

PMID- 959959
TI  - Acute renal failure after ligation of the hepatic artery.
AB  - Acute renal failure developed in nine of 78 patients who were subjected to
      hepatic artery ligation for nonresectable and extensive malignant tumor of the
      liver. Of those nine, six had hepatomas, one cholangiocarcinoma, one metastatic
      islet-cell carcinoma and one metastatic melanoma. Preoperative renal function as
      reflected in blood-urea-nitrogen and serum creatinine values was within normal
      limits. There were marked elevations of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase
      and lactic dehydrogenase levels after hepatic artery ligation, an indication of
      massive ischemic injury of the tumor and the liver. A diagnosis of acute renal
      failure was established within 14 to 70 hours after hepatic artery ligation. In
      five patients, oliguric renal failure developed, and in four, high urinary output
      renal failure. In only three patients did systemic hypotension and hypovolemia
      precede acute renal failure. Seven of the nine patients died. Postmortem
      examination was done in five patients, and in only two was there evidence of
      renal tubular necrosis. The factors contributing to acute renal failure appear to
      be extensive involvement of the liver by tumor, presence of ascites and jaundice,
      occlusion of the portal vein and hyperuricemia. The presence of any one of the
      foregoing contraindicates the procedure.

PMID- 959960
TI  - Evaluation of dissection of the axilla in modified radical mastectomy.
AB  - Fifty consecutive unselected patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the breast
      underwent radical mastectomy in two consecutive stages. The initial operation was
      a modified radical mastectomy, with preservation of the pectoral muscles, and the
      second stage, a procedure to transform the initial operation into a standard
      radical mastectomy. An analysis of the location and the number of the lymph nodes
      recovered in the two stage operation shows that a so-called modified radical
      mastectomy is inadequate to ensure the clearing of the axilla. Lymph nodes were
      recovered at the second stage of the operation in 36 patients, and seven of these
      patients had metastasis. Modified radical mastectomy was effective in
      erradicating the lymph nodes of the lower part of the axilla but inadequate for
      lymph nodes at levels II and III and, especially, the interpectoral lymph nodes.

PMID- 959961
TI  - Evaluation of use of the rigid dressing in amputation of the lower extremity.
AB  - Twenty-seven arteriosclerotic amputees were evaluated to determine the value of
      the rigid dressing technique for amputation wound management. Results were
      compared with those for patients having conventional stump wound management. The
      two groups were similar in number, age and incidence of diabetes. All the
      patients treated with the rigid dressing had primary healing of the amputation
      wound, while 13 patients treated with the conventional dressing had primary
      healing. Long term rehabilitation to the use of a prosthesis was not improved by
      the application of a rigid dressing on the amputation wound. Our current
      preference is use of the rigid dressing applied in the operating room at the time
      of amputation. If the wound is satisfactory and the general condition of the
      patient is such that he can use a temporary pylon, it is attached to the cast at
      the first change, about two weeks after operation.

PMID- 959962
TI  - Reversal of renal failure and control of hypertension in patients with occlusion
      of the renal artery.
AB  - Results of arteriographic investigation of patients with deteriorating renal
      function or poorly controlled hypertension have revealed that thrombosis of the
      renal artery is not an uncommon exacerbating factor. Seventeen patients with one
      or more occluded renal arteries had an operation to improve renal function or to
      control hypertension. Stenosis of the contralateral renal artery was present in
      addition to the occlusion in four patients. Reconstructive arterial procedures
      were performed in 15 patients and nephrectomy was performed in two. Eight
      patients with renal failure had marked improvement in renal function after
      revascularization of the occluded renal arteries. The group had a mean
      preoperative serum creatinine value of 7.95+/-1.81 (S.E.) milligrams per cent
      which fell postoperatively to 3.91+/-1.21 (S.E.) milligrams per cent at a mean
      follow-up period 20 months. Preoperative control of hypertension was difficult in
      16 of the 17 patients. Postoperatively, the blood pressure fell to normal levels
      in six patients, and in an additional eight patients, it did so with the
      administration of antihypertension therapy. The hypertension was unchanged in two
      patients. Plasma renin activity was measured in 14 of the patients with
      hypertension. It was elevated in 13 patients and normal in one patient.
      Postoperatively, the blood pressure was unchanged in the patient with normal
      plasma renin activity, but in 12 of the 13 patients with elevated plasma renin
      activity, the blood pressure returned to normal levels. It is concluded that
      patients with occluded renal arteries should be treated surgically. The major
      benefits of an aggressive approach to this condition are reversal of renal
      failure and control of hypertension.

PMID- 959963
TI  - Accuracy of Doppler ultrasound in clinically suspected venous thrombosis of the
      calf.
AB  - Doppler ultrasonic examinations and contrast phlebography were performed on 55
      limbs of 43 patients with a clinical diagnosis of venous thrombosis of the calf
      and without phlebographic evidence of thrombosis above the knee. There was
      diagnostic concurrence of Doppler and venographic evaluations in 46 of 55 limbs
      studied. There was only one instance of a false-negative diagnosis by Doppler
      examination. Of the eight false-positive Doppler examination findings, an
      alternate clinical diagnosis affecting venous flow in the calf was evident in six
      patients. The diagnostic importance of augmentation of flow velocity of the
      posterior tibial vein upon release of compression of the calf is emphasized. A
      normal Doppler examination finding may accurately exclude significant deep venous
      disease in a patient with clinical manifestations of venous thrombosis in the
      calf.

PMID- 959964
TI  - Beneficial effect of prostaglandin E1 in experimental hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - Twelve dogs were subjected to hemorrhagic shock by means of a modified Wiggers
      technique. Half were treated with prostaglandin E1, 1 microgram per kilogram per
      minute in 60 milliliters of saline solution, for one hour after shock, while the
      other half received only an equal amount of saline solution. Those dogs treated
      with prostaglandin E1 exhibited a significantly increased survival time and
      cardiac output as well as a significantly lowered total peripheral resistance
      when compared with those for untreated dogs. The various modes of action by which
      prostaglandin E1 exerts both its cardiovascular and other long term effects
      indicate a multisystem effect of the drug.

PMID- 959965
TI  - Fragmentation or unification of intensive care units.

PMID- 959966
TI  - The use of stomahesive in the care of the skin of enterocutaneous fistulas.

PMID- 959967
TI  - The mechanism of capillarity in surgical dressings.
AB  - By appreciating the concept of capillarity and by determining whether or not the
      dressing to be used next to the wound should be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, a
      dressing can be designed that acts to remove secretions from a draining wound. It
      also may protect a wound from exogenous secretions.

PMID- 959968
TI  - Anatomic localization and step by step advancement of the fiberoptic colonoscope.
AB  - Anatomic localization of the tip of a colonoscope without the aid of fluoroscopy
      is adequate in a majority of patients. External check points of transilluminated
      light within the colon on the abdominal wall, characteristic internal appearance
      of the colon and gross anatomic landmarks have been used. An improved technique
      for advancement results if a routine sequence of maneuvers is used in a similar
      manner in all patients.

PMID- 959969
TI  - The effects of coronary vasodilatation on cardiac performance during endotoxin
      shock.
AB  - Results of studies have suggested that endotoxin and lowered coronary arterial
      perfusion pressures are detrimental to cardiac performance and lead to failure.
      Prevention of cardiac failure in the isolated canine heart preparation confronted
      with endotoxin and decreased coronary perfusion pressure was possible by
      perfusing these hearts with sodium nitroprusside. Prevention of failure was
      manifested by a lowered left ventricular endiastolic pressure and was associated
      with increased coronary flow and decreased coronary resistance with increased
      oxygen delivery and decreased oxygen extraction. Possible explanations for
      improved performance by dilator perfusion include increased delivery of oxygen
      and nutrients to myocardial tissue as well as a reduction of ventricular wall
      tension by dilating the coronary vascular skeleton. Prevention of extravasation
      of interstitial fluid into myocardial tissue by reducing overperfusion of
      potentially damaged coronary vessels could serve to maintain myocardial integrity
      and ventricular compliance. The potential use of such therapy warrants further
      study, with emphasis on evaluating the hemodynamics of the intact animal.

PMID- 959970
TI  - Kinin activation in the blood of patients with sepsis.
AB  - To determine whether or not kinin activation in the blood during severe infection
      with gram-negative bacteria may be related to hemodynamic abnormalities
      encountered, blood prekallikrein, kallikrein inhibitor and kinin values in 2l
      surgical patients with sepsis were compared with those in normotensive and
      hypotensive states. Because of reduced prekallikrein synthesis in patients with
      hepatic insufficiency, the normotensive and hypotensive groups were each
      subdivided according to the presence or absence of liver dysfunction, as
      indicated by elevated blood bilirubin, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase or
      alkaline phosphatase levels. The mortality was zero in group 1, normotensive
      normal liver function; 80 per cent in group 2, hypotensive-normal liver function;
      20 per cent in group 3, normotensive liver dysfunction, and 67 per cent in group
      4, hypotensive liver dysfunction. Ultimately, the majority of deaths were due to
      respiratory failure. Although the blood prekallikrein level, was below normal in
      all groups and was significantly less in all patients with liver dysfunction, it
      was reduced proportionately in hypotensive patients to less than 30 per cent of
      the values noted in the two normotensive groups. This finding suggests
      prekallikrein consumption in the hypotensive groups to be the result of the
      process of activating kallikrein and bradykinin. This concept is supported by
      finding elevated kinin values, above 3 nanograms per milliliter of plasma, in
      only 28 per cent of those in group 1 and 12 per cent of those in group 3, while
      in the hypotensive patients, groups 2 and 4, the kinin level was elevated in 60
      and 66 per cent, respectively.

PMID- 959971
TI  - Zinc and wound healing.
AB  - A review of the literature on zinc and wound healing shows the many gaps of
      knowledge which still exist. This study of the histologic appearance of wound
      healing in rats fed various diets demonstrates the serum zinc levels achieved by
      such diets. No significant improvement was observed in the rate of healing for
      any one group, but a number of histologic differences were observed.

PMID- 959972
TI  - Duodenal anomalies and the ampulla of Vater.
AB  - The results of the surgical correction of congenital duodenal anomalies in
      infants free of severe prematurity, mongolism or other intestinal anomalies are
      most favorable. Several uncommon defects involving the second part of the
      duodenum, which required special attention to the anatomic proximity of the
      ampulla of Vater and the terminal portion of the common bile ducts have been
      encountered. The recognition of this intimate relationship may prevent
      inadvertent injuries to these structures, further improving the results of
      operative procedures for these difficult congenital malformations.

PMID- 959973
TI  - Hydatid disease of the liver with thoracic involvement.
AB  - Eleven patients with hydatid disease of the liver with intrathoracic involvement
      have been treated at this hospital, and another patient was treated previously
      elsewhere. The clinical and roentgenologic symptoms depend greatly upon the
      evolutionary stage of the disease. General conditions are seriously affected in
      instances of ruptured and infected cysts. When the cysts open into the
      tracheobronchial tree as a result of coughing up pus in profuse quantities, the
      general condition may improve to a certain degree, but bronchopulmonary symptoms
      increase at that moment. An important spitting of bile must alert us to the
      existence of biliary hypertension. This condition must be treated first to avoid
      recurrence of the process. According to our experience, surgical treatment is
      based upon correct drainage of the cystic intrahepatic cavity under the
      diaphragm, separating the pleural cavity completely from the intrahepatic;
      excision of the transdiaphragmatic fistulous tract; conservative indications for
      pulmonary resection, and possible existence of biliary hypertension before and
      after operation.

PMID- 959974
TI  - Lactate metabolism in the dog during shock from hemorrhage, cardiac tamponade or
      endotoxin.
AB  - The elevated arterial lactate concentration in shock was investigated by
      measuring lactate production and clearance rate using a constant infusion of 14C
      labeled lactate. In addition, the pathways of lactate metabolism were
      characterized by determining the percentage of lactate under-going oxidation and
      the percentage of the total carbon dioxide production which was derived from
      lactate. These measurements were performed on 16 normal dogs and on 23 dogs in a
      state of shock. Shock was induced by hemorrhage in ten, by controlled cardiac
      tamponade in seven and by endotoxin injection in six. In all of the dogs in a
      state of shock, there was a statistically significant increase in both the
      arterial lactate concentration and lactate turnover, while the lactate clearance
      decreased significantly. The percentage of the arterial lactate which underwent
      oxidation remained normal. The percentage of the total carbon dioxide production
      which was derived from lactate increased significantly, p less than 0.05, from
      4.7 per cent in the normal dogs to 22.7 per cent in the dogs in a state of shock.
      Since both oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production remain unchanged in shock,
      these data are consistent with an increased metabolism of substrates which from
      pyruvate and lactate as intermediary metabolites, that is, carbohydrates and
      certain amino acids, with a concomitant decrease in the metabolism of substrates
      which do not form pyruvate, that is, free fatty acids. In both the normal and
      shocked dogs, the arterial lactate concentration rose as the lactate production
      rate increased. Therefore, the elevated arterial lactate in shock was due to an
      increase in the lactate production and not to a lack of oxygen.

PMID- 959975
TI  - Risk factors in local surgical procedures for diabetic gangrene.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-two diabetic patients undergoing local operations of the
      foot distal to the ankle joint were reviewed to explore the preoperative
      prognostic indicators of operative failure. Severity of infection, as measured by
      preoperative temperature and white blood count, correlated with that of failure.
      Subcutaneous gas, as seen roentgenographically, was associated with failure in
      five of six patients. No particular operation or type of wound and no general or
      specific medical or laboratory parameter correlated with failure. In the four and
      one-half years of the study, an improved operative success rate could only be
      correlated with improved preoperative management of infection, as reflected in a
      declining yearly preoperative white blood count and temperature. Delay of the
      operation until maximum medical control of the infection has occurred should
      improve the initial success rate in these patients.

PMID- 959976
TI  - Colloid oncotic pressure and levels of albumin and total protein during major
      surgical procedures.
AB  - From the results of this study, it appears that whole blood alone or red blood
      cells reconstituted with saline solution do not adequately replace the loss of
      albumin and concomitant decrease in colloid oncotic pressure that occur during
      extensive intraabdominal and intrathoracic operations. Since colloid oncotic
      pressure is a major factor in the restitution of intravascular volume from stores
      of interstitial fluid and since it may also play a role in the development of
      postoperative pulmonary problems, it is important to maintain a relatively normal
      colloid oncotic pressure during the operation and in the immediate postoperative
      period. Although dextran can be used for this purpose, its short half-life of
      four to six hours and associated coagulation problems militate against its use in
      large quantities. This leaves purified protein fraction or salt-poor albumin as
      the main sources of protein for the maintenance of colloid oncotic pressure. Both
      of these products are expensive and short in supply. The oncometer in present use
      is a clinically feasible and rapid, one to three minutes, means of determining
      the colloid oncotic pressure. It permits a rational approach to the use of
      albumin products, avoiding the pitfalls of under or excess administration in the
      operative and postoperative periods.

PMID- 959977
TI  - Rapid roentgenologic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.
AB  - A rapid and safe method of roentgenographic evaluation of the acutely inflamed
      wall of the gallbladder, infusion tomography of the gallbladder, was performed
      146 times, and the correlation with 67 subsequent cholecystectomies was reviewed.
      If the results of infusion tomogram of the gallbladder are abnormal, the
      gallbladder is diseased; if acute cholecystitis is present, the results of the
      examination will be abnormal in 96 per cent; if results of the infusion tomogram
      of the gallbladder are normal, the results are questionable, and oral
      cholecystography should be performed to evaluate  the condition further. If the
      results of a repeat dosage oral cholecystogram are abnormal, the gallbladder
      probably is diseased, even if the results of an infusion tomographic examination
      of the gallbladder are normal.

PMID- 959978
TI  - Trauma of the bladder.
AB  - The records of 98 patients with trauma of the bladder were reviewed. Eighty per
      cent were injured as a result of blunt trauma, and 72 per cent of these patients
      had an associated fracture of the pelvis. The most common type of injury was a
      contusion, followed by an extraperitoneal rupture of the bladder. In all
      patients, diagnosis was established by the means of a retrograde cystogram. While
      all patients with intraperitoneal ruptures of the bladder were treated by
      surgical repair, half of those with extraperitoneal ruptures were successfully
      managed by catheter drainage alone. Complications of therapy consisted of
      bacterial cystitis, presumably as a result of catheter drainage.

PMID- 959979
TI  - A simple plethysmographic method for differentiating primary from secondary
      varicose veins.
AB  - Characteristics of venous flow were studied in 81 normal legs and in 98 legs with
      varicose vein disorders. The change in the volume in the calf after calf muscle
      contractions was studied using the strain gauge technique with the patients in
      the erect position. During contractions of the calf muscle, the volume in the
      calf decreases, chiefly because of reduction of blood volume in the veins. After
      cessation of the contractions, there is a gradual return of volume to
      precontraction values. This was measured in seconds and called venous return time
      and in milliliters times 100 milliliters of tissue-1 times minutes-1 and called
      venous reflux flow. In normal persons, the venous return time was 21.9+/-6.7
      (S.D.) seconds, and in patients with venous disorders, the corresponding time was
      6.9+/-2.9 (S.D.) seconds. Venous reflux flow which was inversely correlated with
      the venous return time was 11.4+/-4.9 and 22.3+/-7.3 (S.D.), respectively. A good
      correlation was found between venous return time and venous pressure
      measurements. No age or sex differences were seen. In patients with superficial
      venous insufficiency, the venous return time and venous reflux time became normal
      when the diseased portion of the vein was compressed. In patients with
      insufficient perforating veins or damaged deep vein valves, external compression
      did not change venous flow characteristics. This indicates that the method can be
      used preoperatively to differentiate between primary and secondary varicose veins
      and, thus, influence the type of operation to be performed. The method can easily
      be applied for clinical purposes.

PMID- 959980
TI  - The effect of hepatic bile on retained common duct stones.
AB  - Study of the time interval since cholecystectomy in 91 patients with symptomatic
      choledocholithiasis who presented after cholecystectomy led to the conclusion
      that retained common duct stones increase in size with the passage of time. The
      inference is that, in these patients bile remains supersaturated with cholesterol
      after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 959981
TI  - Our alliance with machines.

PMID- 959982
TI  - Microscopic technique for reversal of vasectomy.
AB  - This microscopic technique for reversal of a vasectomy requires intensive
      training on small animals in the laboratory before it can be attempted on humans.
      It has assured sperm in the ejaculate of all patients who have sperm in the
      proximal portion of the vas at the time of vasovasostomy, good sperm count and
      motility three to five months later in 90 per cent of them and early pregnancy of
      the spouse in 50 per cent. Longer follow-up periods will be necessary to estimate
      how high the eventual success rate will be, but it appears at this juncture that
      this approach is preferable to nonmicroscopic splinting techniques.

PMID- 959983
TI  - The present status of cardiac pacing.

PMID- 959984
TI  - Continuous intracranial pressure monitoring: review of techniques and
      presentation of method.
AB  - Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure has proved to be of value in
      guiding the treatment of patients with diffuse cerebral trauma or edema. The
      evolution of monitoring devices is reviewed from simple lumbar puncture through
      intraventricular, subdural, epidural and external monitoring with progressively
      more sophisticated equipment. The device reported in detail connects the
      subarachnoid space to an on-line data reducer that calculates the percentage time
      the intracranial pressure is in 16 pressure ranges of 5 mmHg each and portrays it
      on a histogram. The pressure at that moment, the total range of the intracranial
      pressure, the level of pressure the patient has had for the largest percented of
      time, and pressure waves, if present, can all be determined by this process.

PMID- 959985
TI  - Intramedullary cysticercosis of spinal cord.

PMID- 959986
TI  - Hyperammonemia (ornithinemia) presenting as a unilateral cerebral mass lesion.

PMID- 959987
TI  - The femoral nerve traction test with lumbar disc protrusions.
AB  - A easily performed test which can be carried out at the patient's bedside has
      been described. It is referred to as the femoral nerve traction test. Clinical
      evidence suggests it may have merit as an aid in the diagnosis of disc
      herniations that affect the upper lumbar spine.

PMID- 959988
TI  - Angiographic demonstration of vertebral osteoid osteoma.
AB  - A case of osteoid osteoma in the left lamina of the T-8 vertebra is reported. The
      roentgenograms of the thoracic spine showed a hyperostotic round mass with
      associated scoliotic changes and the myelograms revealed complete obstruction of
      the spinal subarachnoid space. By selective spinal angiography a peculiar ring
      like vascular stain was visualized in the area of hyperostosis which may be
      characteristic of an osteoid osteoma.

PMID- 959989
TI  - Prolonged, profound hypotension produced safely with sodium nitroprusside.
AB  - Nine and one-fourth hours of profound hypotension were necessary to accomplish
      the successful removal of a large arteriovenous malformation from the medial
      portion of the dominant parietal lobe. The hypotensive agent used was sodium
      nitroprusside. The removal was associated with a minimal neurological deficit.
      This is the longest known use of sodium nitroprusside for deliberate hypotension
      during surgery which emphasizes the safety of this hypotensive technique,
      provided the total dosage of sodium nitroprusside is reasonable.

PMID- 959990
TI  - Preferential cerebral hypothermia with elective cardiac arrest: resection of
      "giant" aneurysm.
AB  - The technique of preferential cerebral hypothermia is reported in its application
      to a patient with a "giant" anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The method
      utilizes elective ventricular fibrillation and differential or "preferential"
      hypothermia induced by a combination of external skin cooling and perfusion of
      core organs with 0 degree buffered electrolyte solution. The value of the
      technique lies in its provision of a period of safe circulatory arrest
      approaching one hour without the need for anticoagulation, heart-lung bypass,
      open chest resuscitation or major vessel clamping. Because of the absence of
      blood flow and because of the clear fluid washout of the cerebral vessels, it was
      possible to open the aneurysm, evacuate its contents and resect it in several
      sections. It was not necessary to clip the feeding arteries until all dissection
      and total removal of the aneurysm were completed. The application of the
      technique to neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery is discussed.

PMID- 959991
TI  - Neuroepithelial Cyst of the cerebellar vermis.
AB  - A cyst located in the cerebellar vermis and causing obstructive hydrocephalus is
      described. The wall of the cyst was lined with ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal
      epithelial cells which were completely invested by a basement membrane.

PMID- 959992
TI  - Editorial: The neurosurgeon and spinal cord injury.

PMID- 959993
TI  - Diagnosis of intrathalamic cyst by computerized tomographic scan.
AB  - A case of an intrathalamic cyst initially misdiagnosed as a thalamic glioma is
      reported. It was followed for five years before a computerized tomographic scan
      led to a correct diagnosis. A simple means of stereotaxically draining the lesion
      is illustrated.

PMID- 959994
TI  - Editorial: Research.

PMID- 959995
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations of vein of Galen: microsurgical treatment.
AB  - The surgical technic used at the neurosurgical clinic in Zurich in eradicating
      arteriovenous malformations of the vein of Galen is described. It is based on
      experience with nine cases. The surgical approach is made posteriorly. The right
      occipital lobe is retracted laterally from the falx cerebri. The multiple feeding
      vessels demonstrated in the angiogram are occluded; first, on the right side,
      then the left, and finally beneath the malformation. The draining vein of Galen
      is not occluded or removed. The use of the operating microscope is essential.

PMID- 959996
TI  - Editorial: The Distribution of Neurological Surgeons in the United States and
      Canada.

PMID- 959997
TI  - Unequal pupils. A flow chart for sorting out the anisocorias.
AB  - When anisocoria is present, the ophthalmologist knows that something is wrong.
      However, location of the lesion and diagnosis of the problem can be difficult. A
      step-by-step flow chart for diagnosis of unequal pupils is presented, with
      explantation of various signs and descriptions of appropriate diagnostic tests.

PMID- 959998
TI  - The exfoliation syndrome: source of the fibrillar material on the capsule.
AB  - A clinical case of unilateral capsular exfoliation syndrome was observed in the
      previously traumatized eye of a 22-year-old man with a drawn-down pupil. The
      distribution of material correspond to the folds of the inner surface of
      contiguous iris. The periphery of the lens appeared free of deposits. These
      findings contradict previous theories on the source of the fibrillar material
      from the lens epithelium and indicate that it is derived from the iris pigment
      epithelium and not from within the lens capsule, although there is no question
      but that the lens is involved in a similar process, the products of which
      probably do not reach the lens surface. The unilateral occurrence of the
      exfoliation syndrome in a traumatized eye of a 22-year-old man is unique and
      cannot be explained at this time.

PMID- 959999
TI  - Myopia--a treatable "disease"?
AB  - The authors cite various information and misinformation regarding proposed
      treatments (atropinization, contact lenses, orthokeratology, wearing glasses, not
      wearing glasses) for the progression of myopia. They conclude that there is
      insufficient evidence to support the more vigorous approaches to treatment of
      myopia, and provide some useful explantations for patients and their parents who
      question the ophthalmologist's decision to treat conservatively.

PMID- 960000
TI  - Benign and malignant teratomas in children: analysis of 85 patients.
AB  - Teratomas were observed in 85 infants and children. Fifty-eight (68%) were girls
      and 27 (32%) boys. Site of origin was sacrococcygeal in 55 patients (64.8%),
      mediastinal in ten (11.7%), gonadal in ten (11.7%), presacral in four (4.8%),
      retroperitoneal in three (3.5%), and cervical in three (3.5%). Sixty-seven
      (78.8%) teratomas were benign and 18 (21.1%) malignant. Malignant tumors were
      noted in 11 of 55 sacrococcygeal (20%), two of ten mediastinal (20%), three of
      eight ovarian (37.5%), and both testicular lesions. Cervical, retroperitoneal,
      and presacral tumors were benign. Age at diagnosis (greater than 1 month),
      presence of symptoms (urinary and colonic obstruction), and serum positive for
      alpha fetoprotein were indicators of malignancy in sacrococcygeal cases. Age was
      not a factor for teratomas at other sites. Tumor size, presence of calcification,
      and gross appearance (cystic or solid) did not relate to the tumor's benign or
      malignant nature. Three of four presacral tumors were associated with anorectal
      anomalies. Operative resection is the treatment of choice. Four deaths were
      related to operative hemorrhage. Four of five survivors with malignant teratoma
      received radiation and chemotherapy. A more aggressive role for combined
      adjunctive measures is suggested in cases of malignancy.

PMID- 960001
TI  - Noninvasive ultrasonic carotid angiography: prospective validation by contrast
      arteriography.
AB  - Pulsed ultrasonic images of the carotid bifurcation in 82 vessels of 43 patients
      were compared independently with contrast arteriograms for stenosis (by
      percentage quartiles) or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. All 14
      occluded vessels were identified correctly by ultrasound but were visualized on
      repeat examination. Estimation of percentage stenosis on ultrasonic images agreed
      with the quartile determination by contrast arteriography in 35 of 68 (51
      percent) vessels and was within one quartile of correct interpretation in 48 of
      68 (71 percent). The interpretative error of grading stenosis of ultrasonic
      images was due to vascular wall calcification which inhibited ultrasound
      transmission. This limitation was overcome by sound spectral (sonographic)
      analysis of distal internal carotid flow velocity which allowed estimation of
      stenosis within one quartile of that determined by contrast arteriography in 46
      of 47 (98 percent) vessels.

PMID- 960002
TI  - Middle cerebral artery microneurosurgical embolectomy.
AB  - Cerebral embolism carries significant mortality and morbidity rates. Middle
      cerebral artery embolectomies which have been carried out in man with variable
      results, have been reported by different authors, In order to define a time limit
      for embolectomies before irreversible damage has been incurred, an experimental
      embolus model was used in dogs. It was observed that embolectomy carried out at
      2, 3, and up to 5 hours after embolism was relatively safe and effective. Beyond
      5 hours, embolectomy carried an increased risk of death and morbidity.

PMID- 960003
TI  - Carotid body tumors.
AB  - Carotid body tumors are encounterd infrequently. During the past 30 years, 15
      patients with 16 carotid body tumors have been treated at our medical center. All
      patients have been followed for a minimum of 7 years. The major findings relate
      to the areas of greatest controversy concerning carotid body tumor treatment: the
      need for excision, the value of preoperative arteriography, the role of radiation
      therapy, the criteria of malignancy, and the indications for and technique of
      carotid artery replacement. Discussed at length are our conclusions that (1)
      arteriography is absolutely diagnostic and therefore mandatory when carotid body
      tumor is suspected; (2) radiation therapy has little if any value and has
      increased the difficulty of excision; and (3) all carotid body tumors should be
      considered to be malignant. The familial tendency of this tumor is explored in
      relation to this last conclusion, and we report what we believe is the first
      finding of both a "benign" and "malignant" tumor occurring in the same family.
      The techniques of subadventitial excision and carotid artery replacement with
      autogenous saphenous vein, the latter necessary on three occasions, are
      demonstrated. There were no operative deaths, no serious complications after
      operation, and no recurrence or metastasis following total excision. However, two
      patients died as a direct result of tumor growth following biopsy without
      excision.

PMID- 960004
TI  - Application of contemporary reconstructive techniques in head and neck surgery
      for anterior oral-facial cancers.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-eight patients underwent surgical therapy for oral and
      cervical cancers from 1964 to 1975. About 25 percent of the patients underwent
      neck dissection and/or "pull-through" procedures. However, majority of patients
      required a spectrum of reconstructive techniques extending from marginal
      mandibulectomy with or without skin flaps (39), partial mandibulectomy with
      immediate prosthetic mandible reconstruction (36), to extended resections with
      skin flaps or staged reconstructive procedures (48). The advantages and
      disadvantages of each reconstructive procedure have been observed and a scheme of
      graded management has been developed. The therapeutic goal is to maximize
      functional oral reconstruction without compromising tumor cure. There were two
      operative deaths--one from myocardial infarction after operation and one from
      halothane hepatitis. The tumors were grouped according to TNM classification. In
      the follow-up of the 178 patients, 47 per cent are known to be alive and free of
      tumor. The better results (greater than 70% free of tumor) are in the group with
      smaller tumors (less than 2 cm.) and no node involvement, and there are less
      favorable rates for those patients with larger tumors and nodal metastasis or
      invasion of adjacent structures. There was a 49 percent 2 year survival rate and
      12 of the deaths were from nontumor causes. Ninety percent of these patients
      smoked more than one pack of cigarettes per day, accounting for the high rate of
      synchronous or subsequent oroairway cancers (7 percent). Seventy-five percent
      were considered to be "heavy alcoholics" with evidence of cirrhotic liver
      disease. These two factors significantly decreased the survival from rate 54 to
      47 percent. The series shows that planned primary reconstructive surgery can be
      done at a low risk, that it can enhance resectability of head and neck cancers,
      and that it does improve oral function after operation.

PMID- 960005
TI  - Hypercalcemia in patients with known malignent disease.
AB  - In 82 patients, a preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has been
      established by means of transfemoral neck vein catheterization and measurement of
      serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Twenty-five of these patients
      have had cancer in other parts of the body but with no evidence of recurrence or
      metastasis. One patient had carcinoma of the colon with metastases, and four were
      members of families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA, Types I and II).
      In six other hypercalcemic patients, high levels of iPTH were found also in the
      effluent blood from cancer sites other than the parathyroid gland, secondary to
      ectopic hormone production or pseudohyperparathyroidism. In addition, a high
      serum level of iPTH was found in the superior vena cava of a seventh patient who
      had carcinoma of the breast but no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence
      or metastasis with the exception of an enlarged liver. This iPTH finding was
      interpreted as being, probably, the result of parathyroid adenoma in either the
      neck or the mediastinum. At the time of operation, a transcervical mediastinal
      search was made. Four normal cervical parathyroid glands were found; three were
      removed. Hypercalcemia persisted after operation, and the patient died. At
      postmortem examination, microscopic study revealed that the disease had
      metastasized to lungs and hilar lymph nodes. There was massive metastasis in the
      liver; the liver contained a large amount of iPTH. The results of these
      investigations suggest that (1) venous catheterization of the neck veins and the
      effluent blood from extraparathyroid tumors aid in identifying and localizing
      iPTH production; (2) primary benign hyperparathyroidism is not uncommon in
      patients with cancer, and its co-existence must be recognized; (3) high serum
      iPTH level in the superior vena cava may be found in patients with metastatic or
      primary cancer of the thoracic cavity; and (4) hyperparathyroidism may be the
      first hint of a familial multiple endocrine syndrome.

PMID- 960006
TI  - Long-term follow-up of peptic strictures managed by dilatation, modified Collis
      gastroplasty, and Belsey hiatus hernia repair.
AB  - Between 1964 and 1974, 277 patients with peptic esophagitis were managed by
      modified Collis gastroplasty and Belsey hiatus hernia repair. By adding a
      gastroplasty in patients with esophageal shortening, an antireflux repair can be
      done below the diaphragm, with elimination of tension on both the repair and the
      intrathoracic esophagus. Indications for repair in this series were peptic
      strictures, 102; recurrent hiatus hernia, 90; panmural esophagitis with
      stricture, 44; and reflux esophagitis associated with primary motor disorders,
      41. Results of treatment are being evaluated by clinical history, esophagography,
      esophagoscopy and manometry; and generally they appear to be excellent. However,
      follow-up is too short in many of these patients to permit meaningful evaluation.
      A more critical analysis is provided by long-term follow-up of patients with the
      most severe pathology. This report reviews results in the 33 patients in the
      series, with peptic strictures, operated on more than 5 years ago. Five of the 33
      patients died of unrelated disease before reaching their fifth year after
      operation, and two were lost to followup. Twenty-six patients have been followed
      5 to 12 years since operation. Twenty-five patients had excellent results which
      were sustained during the period of follow-up. They take a regular diet without
      dysphagia, and none has symptomatic reflux. One patient, whose symptoms initially
      resolved, developed recurrent reflux due to peptic ulceration and pyloric
      stenosis. The functional results achieved with this operation are good and are
      maintained well beyond 5 years. Results reported with alternative, conservative
      operations for peptic stricture are reviewed.

PMID- 960007
TI  - Congenital rubella--an encapsulated review.

PMID- 960008
TI  - Teratogenicity studies with methotrexate, aminopterin, and acetylsalicylic acid
      in domestic cats.
AB  - Pregnancy was timed in cats following induced ovulation. Methotrexate, (0.5
      mg/kg), aminopterin, (0.1 mg/kg), and acetylsalicylic acid, (25 or 50 mg/kg) were
      administered orally in gelatin capsules in single daily doses on different days
      of gestation, methotrexate (MTX) on days 11-14, 14-17, or 17-20, aminopterin on
      day 12, 14, or 16, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on days 10-15 or 15-20.
      Maternal toxicity was produced only by MTX. MTX given on days 11-14 and 14-17
      produced high frequencies of malformations including umbilical hernia.
      Aminopterin caused no conclusive teratogenic response. An overall increased
      frequency of anomalies occurred after 50 mg/kg ASA but no single anomaly
      predominated.

PMID- 960009
TI  - Test of the hypothesis that embryonic face shape is a causal factor in genetic
      predisposition to cleft lip in mice.
AB  - It was proposed that embryonic face shape is one of the quantitative variables
      underlying the threshold trait, cleft lip. To test the hypothesis several facial
      dimensions were measured in photographs of embryos at an early stage of formation
      of the face in 3 lines of mice. The lines had been selected from one original
      population using frequency of cleft lip induced by 6-aminonicotinamide as the
      selection criterion. Line L was susceptible to spontaneous cleft lip; lines M and
      C were not. Line L had a significantly smaller distance between the nasal pits
      than the other 2 lines, but did not differ in overall head size. A trend towards
      reduced angle between the medial nasal processes in the L line was noted, though
      this was not statistically significant. These results were predicted by the face
      shape hypothesis.

PMID- 960010
TI  - The teratogenic effects of beta-aminopropionitrile in hamsters.
AB  - The teratogenicity of beta-aminopropionitrile (beta APN) was evaluated in golden
      Syrian hamsters; single doses of 1250, 2500, and 3750 mg/kg given on days 7-13
      produced fetal mortality, growth retardation and malformations. All time-dose
      combinations produced gross external abnormalities with the highest rate (92.5%)
      occurring following day-12 treatment. High frequencies of skeletal abnormalities
      including deformities of the ribs, fibula, and scapula occurred after days-10-12
      treatment. Deformed ribs occurred in 100% of fetuses exposed on day 11 to any of
      the dosages. The types of abnormality generally resembled those produced by
      lathyrogens in other species except for exencephaly and encephalocele, which
      occurred after treatment on day 7. These results indicate that betaAPN is a
      typical teratogen, capable of producing abnormalities of the central nervous
      system early in gestation, and may reflect a broader mechanism for its activity
      than previously suggested.

PMID- 960011
TI  - Transplacental passage of label after administration of (3H) retinoic acid
      (vitamin A acid) to pregnant mice.
AB  - To determine whether there is transplacental passage of retinoic acid (vitamin A
      acid) or its metabolites levels of radioactivity were measured in embryos after
      administration to 12th-day pregnant ICR/DUB mice of nonteratogenic or teratogenic
      quantities of (3H)retinoic acid. After the former treatment radioactivity was
      demonstrable in embryos, placentas, and visceral yolk sacs (VYS) at 1 h after
      treatment. Expressed in terms of radioactivity per unit protein content, embryos
      at 1 h had about one-third as much radioactivity as maternal livers. The
      placentas had maximum radioactivity at 2 h, whereas embryos and VYS accumulated
      maximum levels by 6 h after treatment. At 6 h the level in embryos was twice that
      in placentas. After teratogenic treatment placentas and embryos attained peak
      levels of radioactivity at 6 and 12 h later, respectively. Again, embryos at peak
      level contained 2-3 times as much radioactivity as placentas or VYS. The amount
      of retinoic acid, metabolites, or both, in embryos after the teratogenic
      treatment, calculated on the basis of specific activity of the injected label,
      was 26 times greater than after nonteratogenic treatment; the amount in maternal
      liver was 75 times greater. The results support previous evidence that the
      teratogenic effects of retinoic acid are associated with raised levels of
      retinoic acid, its metabolites, or both, in embryos.

PMID- 960012
TI  - In vitro development of postimplantation rat embryos cultured on dialyzed rat
      serum.
AB  - Attempts to culture postimplantation rat embryos on defined media have not been
      successful although they grow well when cultured on homologous serum. As a first
      step in the search for factors in serum that support growth and differentiation
      of such cultured preparations the following experiments were undertaken. Six
      somite rat embryos were cultured on whole serum, dialyzed serum, or the buffered
      salt solution (BSS) used for dialysis. Additional experiments were conducted
      utilizing BSS supplemented with glucose or dialyzed serum supplemented with
      glucose, mannose, fructose, or pyruvate. Of the media tested only glucose
      supplemented dialyzed serum maintained development at a level comparable to that
      obtained with whole serum. Further preliminary studies with combined
      supplementation and metabolic poisoning suggested that anaerobic glycolysis is
      essential for the in-vitro growth and differentiation of these preparations.

PMID- 960013
TI  - Studies of the etiology of thalidomide dysmorphogenesis.
AB  - Thalidomide was administered to pregnant rabbits in dosages of 150-250 mg/kg/day
      on days 8-12 of gestation. These females produced 40 offspring, 21 of which were
      deformed. Four control females produced 34 offspring, none of which was deformed.
      The C6 and C7 ganglia of day-13, -15, -17, and -21 control and experimental
      embryos and fetuses were examined electron microscopically. Degenerative changes
      were found in the neurons and axons of dorsal root ganglia in day-13 experimental
      embryos, i.e., at least 16h before the earliest signs of thalidomide dysmelia
      have been reported in rabbits  (Vickers, '67). Since the dorsal root ganglia form
      in rabbits on days 11 and 12 the changes evident at day 13 indicate that
      degeneration of neurons and axons may be a pathogenetic factor in thalidomide
      induced peripheral deformities.

PMID- 960014
TI  - Neural-tube defects caused by 5-bromodeoxyuridine in chicks.
AB  - Chick embryos were explanted at HH stage 4 and cultured for 24 h on thin albumen
      with 10 mug/ml 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). BrdU inhibited closure of the neural
      tube in over 90% of the embryos. Mitotic figures were found throughout adversely
      effected neuroepithelium, suggesting that interkinetic nuclear migration had been
      inhibited. Electron microscopic studies of BrdU-treated neural-tube cells showed
      fewer and more amorphous cytoplasmic extensions, microfilaments, and demosomal
      (juctional) tonofibrils than in controls, but microtubules were unaffected.

PMID- 960015
TI  - [Euthanasia in the care of the living and dying].

PMID- 960016
TI  - [Indication and installation technics for vena cava catheterization].

PMID- 960018
TI  - [Are the "essential fatty acids" necessary for life?].

PMID- 960017
TI  - [The massacre on the highways. 1].

PMID- 960019
TI  - [Oral, vaginal and combination oral-vaginal therapy of mycoplasmosis
      urogenitalis].

PMID- 960020
TI  - [Growing reptiles in an apartment--a hobby. 2. Behavior and conduct of land
      turtles].

PMID- 960021
TI  - [Euthanasia].

PMID- 960022
TI  - [Problems of immunology. "Missing a dimension"].

PMID- 960023
TI  - [Chronic venous insufficiency. The basis of prophylaxis and therapy].

PMID- 960024
TI  - [Are there contraindications for coffee?].

PMID- 960025
TI  - [The massacre on the highways. 2].

PMID- 960026
TI  - [Mutagenicity testing. A new problem for experimental toxicology].

PMID- 960027
TI  - [Temporal arteritis. Diagnostic problems].

PMID- 960028
TI  - [The management of urinary tract infections with CN-3123. Experience with
      gynecologic patients and women in childbirth].

PMID- 960029
TI  - [How far does the freedom of French medicine extend?].

PMID- 960030
TI  - [Health information for employees as a problem in employment morality, work
      incapacity and medical morality].

PMID- 960031
TI  - [Ventilatory work of breathing in bronchospasmolysis].

PMID- 960032
TI  - [Xesual advice to coronary patients].

PMID- 960033
TI  - [The arresting of cardiac pain with nifedipine (Adalat) in acute myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 960034
TI  - [New rational rapid diagnostic system in urine analysis].

PMID- 960035
TI  - [Medical education at a new college in the USA. Report of a visiting professor at
      the University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 1974-1975].

PMID- 960036
TI  - [Additional income from expert opinion activity].

PMID- 960037
TI  - [Requiem for the general surgeon].

PMID- 960038
TI  - [Do doctor and patient understand each other?].

PMID- 960039
TI  - [Photochemotherapy of psoriasis].

PMID- 960040
TI  - [Cardiogenic shock in the course of myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

PMID- 960041
TI  - [Unwanted drug-interactions in cardiology (author's transl)].

PMID- 960043
TI  - [Clinical applications and practical value of echocardiography (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 960042
TI  - [Is cardiac auscultation of any value still (author's transl)].

PMID- 960044
TI  - [Angina pectoris and myocardial infarct without coronary sclerosis].

PMID- 960045
TI  - [Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction without coronary sclerosis (authors
      transl)].

PMID- 960046
TI  - [The left fascicular blocks ("hemiblocks") (author's transl)].

PMID- 960047
TI  - [Disease of the sino-auricular node, one of the most frequent arrhythmias
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 960048
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic study of minocycline after venous perfusion in the human].

PMID- 960049
TI  - [The isoprenaline test. Importance in the study of adrenergic beta function].

PMID- 960050
TI  - A simplified method for isolation of the S-carboxymethyl derivative chains of
      normal fibrinogen and fibrinogen Cleveland and I.

PMID- 960051
TI  - Fibrinogen structure after spraying on mica: assessing the electron microscopic
      basis for a trinodular model.

PMID- 960052
TI  - Influence of glass and anticoagulant concentration on improvement of factor X
      deficiency tests.

PMID- 960053
TI  - Selective destruction of the platelet aggregation component in bovine factor VIII
      preparations by reduction.

PMID- 960054
TI  - Effect of bovine high molecular weight kininogen and its fragments on Fitzgerald
      trait plasma.

PMID- 960055
TI  - The effect of aspirin on in vivo platelet function in humans.

PMID- 960056
TI  - Phagocytic and catabolic function of the reticuloendothelial system in dogs
      subjected to defibrinogenation.

PMID- 960057
TI  - New alternative scheme for human blood coagulation.

PMID- 960058
TI  - Effect of Evans blue on blood platelets and microvascular hemostasis.

PMID- 960059
TI  - Thrombin adsorption to surfaces and prevention with polyethylene glycol 6,000.

PMID- 960060
TI  - Ecperimental studies on coagulation-fibrinolytic activity of white blood cells
      influenced by endotoxin.

PMID- 960061
TI  - Methods for correcting inhibitory effects of fibrinogen degradation products in
      fibrinogen determinations.

PMID- 960062
TI  - Technique and laboratory control of subcutaneously administered defibrase.

PMID- 960063
TI  - Intravenous arachidonate in the mouse: a model for the evaluation of
      antithrombotic drugs.

PMID- 960064
TI  - Defibrinogenation as an alternative to heparinization during prolonged
      extracorporeal circulation in the dog.

PMID- 960065
TI  - Radiolabelled ATIII as a probe for the detection of activation of blood
      coagulation in vivo.

PMID- 960066
TI  - Detection of thrombin-antithrombin III complex by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 960067
TI  - [Some forms of disease associated with impaired locomotion in sheep (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A number of flock diseases in sheep associated with impaired locomotion, which
      are of importance or may assume importance in the Netherlands, are reviewed.
      Attention is paid to the following metabolic disorders and deficiencies:
      acetonaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, some forms of osteopathy, enzootic
      ataxia and cerebrocortical necrosis. The following forms of infectious diseases
      are described: listeric encephalitis, purulent meningitis following injury to the
      throat, scrapie, visna, Aujeszky's disease and border disease. Finally, a number
      of viral forms of encephalitis are discussed, which are of minor importance or
      negligible in the Netherlands, though they are of importance in neighbouring
      countries. No attempt was made exhaustively to describe the above diseases. The
      aetiology and pathogenesis usually were not discussed in greater detail than that
      required for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease. Efforts were
      made to be of some help to the veterinary practitioner in controlling some forms
      of ovine disease in cases in which this is necessary and possible.

PMID- 960068
TI  - [The incidence of diseases of the lung and liver in slaughtered pigs as a
      criterion in the detection of herds in which the disease is a recurrent problem
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Diseases of the lung and liver in swine are two forms of disease which often
      result in considerable economic losses. They occur in pigs throughout the world.
      Studies in the Netherlands showed that from 40 to 50 per cent of the lungs and
      from 60 to 80 per cent of the livers were affected. In the Animal Health Service
      of the province of North Brabant, it was found to be possible to differentiate
      between pig-fattening farms and piggeries on these farms (a differentiation based
      on the severity of the disease) by recording the incidence of diseases of the
      lung and liver in slaughtered pigs. Ever since April 1, 1975, the number of cases
      of disease of the lung and liver among all slaughtered pigs (approximately
      1,000,000 pigs per annum) are recorded in the slaughter-house of the Meat and
      Cattle Centre in Boxtel as a routine measure. The method of examination adopted
      in the slaughter-house is described. The results of investigations during the
      second, third and fourth quarters of 1975 are discussed. A total number of
      653,540 pigs were studied. Severe disease of the lung was observed in 20.2 per
      cent of the swine. Of the livers, 13 per cent were severely affected and 3.3 per
      cent were entirely condemned. Pleurisy was found to be present in 3.1 per cent of
      the pigs.

PMID- 960069
TI  - [Immunoglobulin deficiency, special IgA deficiency in disorders of the
      gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 960071
TI  - [A new kind of rectoscope].

PMID- 960070
TI  - [Gallstones in aged patients].

PMID- 960072
TI  - [Pull-through operation: pro and con].

PMID- 960073
TI  - HLA antigens and immunoresponsiveness to insulin in insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - HLA-A and B antigens were determined in 112 patients with insulin-dependent
      juvenile onset diabetes mellitus, who could be subdivided into "non" and "high
      responder" to insulin. The data revealed a trend of an association of these
      diabetes subgroups with only one of the diabetes-associated antigens HLA-B8 and
      HLA-BW15 and indicated the existence of at least two different genetic
      constellations for susceptibility to juvenile diabetes mellitus. One form with a
      strong immune-response to insulin seemed to be associated with HLA-BW 15 and the
      other form without humoral immunoreactivity to insulin seemed to be associated
      with the presence of HLA-B8 and the absence of HLA-B7.

PMID- 960074
TI  - Some parameters of lymphocyte antibody activity through pregnancy and further
      eluates of placental material.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-nine pregnancies with lymphocyte cytotoxic antibody
      activity were found out of 851 full term pregnancies. A rise in incidence of
      antibody activity was found through first, second and third pregnancies. The
      average scores for antibody titre and avidity were similar for antibodies to the
      A and B loci in first, second and third pregnancies though individual scores
      varied greatly. Five cases are reported where antibody activity was not
      detectable till the 6-month post-natal stage. ABO compatibility did not have any
      effect on antibody production. A further 40 placental eluates are reported with
      the same findings as reported previously.

PMID- 960075
TI  - Inheritance of a "weak" HLA-Bw35 antigen in a Danish family.

PMID- 960076
TI  - Search for a correlation between familial allergy to dactyl (Pollen
      hypersensitivity) and HLA antigens.

PMID- 960077
TI  - [Regulations for dog managment from the veterinary viewpoint].

PMID- 960078
TI  - [Trichophytosis in the guinea pig].

PMID- 960079
TI  - [Frequent diseases and deficiencies in fresh water fishes for human consumption].

PMID- 960080
TI  - [Resistance test in the veterinary practice. Testing of pathogens of clinical
      mastitis in cattle].

PMID- 960081
TI  - [Tuberculin test].

PMID- 960082
TI  - [Orthopedic measures in the treatment of bovine panaritium and tylosis].

PMID- 960083
TI  - [What is a stress-sensitive swine?].

PMID- 960084
TI  - [Evaluation of normal slaughter poultry as an individual within the flock].

PMID- 960085
TI  - [Persistent truncus arteriosus in a 2-year old horse].

PMID- 960086
TI  - [Conservative therapy and prognosis of fetlock fractures in the horse].

PMID- 960087
TI  - [Osteodystrophia fibrosa due to nutrition in the adult cat].

PMID- 960088
TI  - [Effusions of body cavities in the dog (2). Clincal and diagnostic study with
      special reference to punctate cytology].

PMID- 960089
TI  - [Experimental studies on the diagnosis and evaluation of grain spikes within the
      bronchial tract of dogs].

PMID- 960090
TI  - Interrelationship between sugar-evoked increases in transmural potential
      difference and sugar influxes across the mucosal border in the small intestine.
AB  - The relationship between changes in the transmural potential induced by actively
      transported sugars(deltaPDs) and influxes of the sugars(Js's) was investigated in
      the isolated guinea pig small intestine. Under the condition that medium
      electrical conductivity. remains unchanged, deltaPD and Js were closely
      correlated, e.g., both showed very similar patterns of regional difference along
      the intestine, and the values of the half saturation concentration (Km) for a
      sugar estimated from electrical and flux measurements were nearly identical. No
      such correlation was observed when medium conductivity varied. However, a simple
      correction of the sizes of deltaPDs for medium conductivity restored a close
      parallelism between deltaPDs and Js's. The sugar-induced increase in Na+ flux
      estimated from the increase in short-circuit current varied in parallel with Js
      regardless of the medium conductivity, and a fixed stoichiometrical relationship
      (approximately one-to-one coupling) was seen between Na+ and sugar fluxes. It is
      concluded that the dominant factor affecting the interrelation between deltaPD
      and Js is the resistance of the paracellular shunt which is directly proportional
      to medium electrical conductivity

PMID- 960091
TI  - Preventive procedure of dysuria after radical hysterectomy by adnexal flap
      fixation to the bladder.
AB  - To prevent postoperative dysuria, which occurs inevitably after the radical
      hysterectomy, several surgical procedures have been tried. The principal method
      is to suture adnexal flaps to the bladder trigone and fundus. Of four procedures
      so far tried sequentially, the best one was to fix the bladder trigone and to
      support it with round ligament flaps sutured with the bladder fundus covered by
      tubal flaps (Type IV). In follow-up studies, Type IV proved more preferable than
      the other three types or the non-sutured control group in regard to the following
      aspects: (1) days necessary for the disappearance of residual urine, (2)
      appearance of urinary sensation, (3) acquirement of urinary sensation, (4)
      incidence of urinary incontinence, (5) residual urine/bladder capacity ratio, (6)
      cystometric findings, and others. Effectiveness of our procedures, particularly
      of Type IV, may be ascribed to the supported bladder trigone and fundus by
      sutured tissues and to the acquirement of urinary sensation, rather than to the
      restoration of nervous contact between the bladder and the micturition center in
      the spinal cord.

PMID- 960092
TI  - Diagnosis and prognosis of early cancer of the colon and rectum.
AB  - Diagnostic methods for the cancer of the colon and rectum  were compared in two
      groups of patients, i.e., patients of stage A malignancy in the Dukes
      classification, and those with the so-called "early cancer of the colon and
      rectum", and the best way to find cancer of the colon and rectum in its early
      stage was investigated. At the same time, the prognosis of early cancer of the
      colon and rectum was studied by the use of the relative survival rate. The
      following results were obtained. 1) The so-called "early cancer of the colon and
      rectum", of which invasion was limited to the mucosa and submucosa, can be
      correctly diagnosed by the combined application of both biopsy and exfoliative
      cytology under direct vision even before surgery and/or polypectomy. 2) Cancer of
      the colon and rectum is considered to be a curable disease, if discovered and
      resected at or before the stage A in the Dukes classification, in which the
      cancerous proliferation is limited to the wall of the colon and rectum without
      any metastasis.

PMID- 960093
TI  - Analysis of 6,293 routine proctosigmoidoscopies.
AB  - 7,679 proctosigmoidoscopies were performed on 6,293 patients during a period from
      1962 to 1974 at the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University
      Hospital. Results were summarized as follows: Polyps were observed in 470
      patients (7.5%) and cancer was found in 178 patients (2.8%). 129 patients (2.0%)
      were observed to have ulcerative colitis. There were 57 patients with melanosis
      coli, 12 radiation proctitis, 7 amebic colitis, 5 granulomatous colitis, 2
      endometriosis coli, 2 carcinoid and 2 intestinal tuberculosis. Thus, 879 out of
      6,293 patients examined had some forms of disease, an over-all incidence being
      14.0%. Biopsies were performed under the proctosigmoidoscopic observation in
      82.4% out of 273 patients with polyps during the 6-year period from 1969 to 1974
      and 105 patients (46.7%) were observed to have adenomatous polyps. The age
      specific distribution pattern and incidences of these patients with adenomatous
      polyps were mostly consistent with those of 178 patients with cancer of the large
      bowel, which were observed by proctosigmoidoscopy during the 13-year period from
      1962 to 1974. Thus, it is suggested that etiological correlation exists between
      polyps of adenomatous type and cancer of the large bowel.

PMID- 960094
TI  - Peripherally and centrally mediated bradycardiac effects of clonidine in
      anesthetized or spinal rats.
AB  - The bradycardia-inducing  effects of clonidine were examined in anesthetized or
      spinal rats by injecting the drug intracisternally (i.c.) or intravenously
      (i.v.). Clonidine (1-25mug i.c.) caused a bradycardia dose-dependently in
      anesthetized rats. The bradycardia in response to clonidine (5mug i.c.) was
      significantly reduced after a treatment with phentolamine (100 mug i.c.), but not
      influenced with atropine (1 mg i.v.) or sectioning bilateral cervical vagal
      nerves. In spinal rats, an acceleration in heart rate by electrical stimulation
      of cervical sympathetic nerves was frequency-dependent and that due to
      desmethylimipramine (DMI) was dose-dependent. Clonidine (30 mug i.v.)
      significantly inhibited the acceleration induced by electrical stimulations only
      at a low frequency (0.3-3 Hz) or DMI (0.3 mg i.v.). This inhibition by clonidine
      was antagonized by phentolamine (5 mg i.v.). Clonidine (30 mug i.v.) did not
      significantly influence the acceleration in heart rate of spinal rats induced by
      norepinephrine (1 mug i.v.), tyramine (100 mug i.v.) or 1,1-dimethyl-4
      phenylpiperazinium (DMPP, 50 mug i.v.). Therefore, it is suggested that clonidine
      causes a bradycardia by stimulating both peripheral and central alpha
      adrenoceptors, the sympathetic trunk is the main pathway, and that the peripheral
      mechanism for clonidine-induced bradycardia is different from the action of
      guanethidine or hexamethonium on a release of catecholamines from the cardiac
      nerve terminals.

PMID- 960095
TI  - Inorganic phosphorus content in human aqueous humor in relation to hours
      postmortem.
AB  - It appears possible to utilize the inorganic phosphorus content in the aqueous
      humor for estimation of postmortem interval, especially if the factors relating
      to the body temperature are known in detail.

PMID- 960096
TI  - Mobilization of folate from liver into blood stream following histidine injection
      in rats.
AB  - A marked reticulocyte response following intraperitoneal injections of histidine
      monohydrochloride was observed in rats which were fed on a folate-free diet
      immediately after weaning for a period of 20 days or more. This finding was taken
      as an evidence for mobilization of folate stored in the liver into blood stream
      following histidine injection.

PMID- 960097
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of DNA and protein syntheses on mitogenic factor production
      by PPD-stimulated guinea pig lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of inhibitors of DNA synthesis and mitosis and of protein synthesis
      on mitogenic factor production by lymph node cells from guinea pigs sensitized to
      tuberculin was studied. All inhibitors used in this study were added to the
      medium at the beginning of culture. Cytosine arabinoside, vinblastine and
      mitomycin-C reduced markedly the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in DNA, but
      had no effect on the production of mitogenic factor. Mitomycin-C at higher
      concentrations, however, induced the partial reduction of mitogenic factor
      production. On the other hand, puromycin and cycloheximide, inhibitors of protein
      synthesis, suppressed markedly the production of mitogenic factor. These results
      indicate that mitogenic factor production requires protein synthesis, but is
      independent of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 960098
TI  - Reduction of myocardial reactive hyperemia during oxygen breathing in dogs.
AB  - In 7 open-chest anesthetized mongrel dogs the left anterior descending coronary
      artery was occluded for 20 sec. Myocardial reactive hyperemia was recorded during
      air and oxygen breathings. The excess blood flow during the reactive hyperemia
      was smaller and the duration of the reactive hyperemia was shorter during oxygen
      breathing than during air breathing. It is suggested that the reduction of oxygen
      demand during oxygen breathing is a possible reason for the decreased reactive
      hyperemia and oxygen administration is beneficial in relieving myocardial
      ischemia.

PMID- 960099
TI  - Measurement of intrahepatic shunted blood flow by ethanol-1-14C method as
      compared with D-galactose-1-14C method.
AB  - Ethanol-1-14C method for the measurement of intrahepatic shunted blood flow was
      compared with the method of continuous infusion of D-galactose-1-14C. In
      controls, in chronic hepatitis, and in hepatic cirrhosis, per cent intrahepatic
      shunt measured by the ethanol-1-14C- method was about a half or one-third of that
      measured by the D-galactose-1-14C method. Study of radioactivity-dye
      concentration ratio of the blood sampled from the inferior vena cava showed that
      per cent intrahepatic shunt was underestimated by the ethanol-1-14C method
      because of permeability of ethanol-1-14C through the capillaries. In patients
      with hepatic carcinoma, in whom the carcinomatous tissue was supplied mainly by
      the hepatic artery, there was no significant difference in per cent intrahepatic
      shunt between both methods.

PMID- 960100
TI  - Mercury in cigarettes.
AB  - Mercury in cigarettes of domestic and foreign products was measured by Magon's
      method, and the sample of a domestic brand was burned by a smoking machine and
      the smoke was collected for the measurement of mercury. In tobacco leaf and
      paper, only inorganic mercury was found in both domestic and foreign products.
      Its amount in tobacco leaf and paper of a piece of cigarette was about 60 ng in
      domestic products and about 30 ng in foreign products. By burning, the unit
      length of a cigarette released about 5-7 ng of mercury into smoke.

PMID- 960101
TI  - Relationship between insulin secretory function and endogenous
      hypertriglyceridemia in obese humans with insulin resistance.
AB  - Eighteen obese inpatients with insulin resistance revealed by i.v. insulin test
      and expressed in various grades of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia were
      examined for plasma lipid levels. A significant positive correlation was found to
      be present between the plasma triglyceride (TG) level and the insulin response to
      glucose load. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the insulin
      secretory response, the plasma cholesterol level and the relative body weight
      contributed to the level of plasma TG. No difference was found in the grades of
      insulin resistance between patients with and without elevated TG. The ratio of
      sum of plasma insulin values to that of blood glucose values during glucose
      tolerance test was markedly increased in patients with elevated TG. The patients
      with relatively blunted insulin response and impaired glucose tolerance curves
      showed only slight slight hypertriglyceridemia. Endogenous hypertriglyceridemia
      in obesity seems to be more closely correlated with plasma insulin level, and
      therefore, with insulin action rather than insulin resistance.

PMID- 960102
TI  - Angiocardiographic findings and morphogenesis of criss-cross heart with situs
      solitus, concordant artrioventricular relationships and L-transposition.
AB  - A case of so-called criss-cross heart is presented. The right atrium drained to
      the left-sided morphologic right ventricle from which the aorta originated
      anteriorly and leftward. The left atrium drained to the right-sided morphologic
      left ventricle, from which the pulmonary artey originated posteriorly and
      rightward. These angiographic findings are morphogenetically interpreted as a
      clockwise rotation of approximate 90 degrees looking toward the base (from the
      inferior view) of d-bulboventricular loop following the truncal septation.

PMID- 960103
TI  - Two cases of left-sided tricuspid atresia with situs solitus L-bulboventricular
      loop and L-transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Two cases of extremely rare type of tricuspid atresia are presented. Both
      possessed left-sided tricuspid atresia, situs solitus of viscera and atria, 1
      bulboventricular loop and 1-transposition of the great arteries. These anomalies
      are typical tricuspid atresia with 1-transpositions. The importance of
      bulboventricular loop in tricuspid atresia is emphasized because the atretic
      tricuspid valve is right-sided in the heart with solitus and d-loop, and is left
      sided in the heart with solitus and 1-loop.

PMID- 960104
TI  - Effects of change in concentration of calcium on myocardial contractility
      depressed by thiamylal and halothane.
AB  - The effects of change in the concentration of Ca++ on myocardial contractility
      depressed by thiamylal and halothane were studied in isolated dog heart muscle.
      The concentration of Ca++ in the bathing medium was increased stepwise from 1.9
      to 20.9 mM. An increase in Ca++ concentration resulted in an increase both in net
      shortening (delta1) and in maximum velocity of shortening at 0.4 g preload
      (V'max) which reached the maximum values at 11.4mM of Ca++. A further increase in
      Ca++ concentration rather decreased delta1 and V'max. The concentration-response
      relation curves in the presence of thiamylal (3.3 mg%) shifted to the right
      almost parallel to the control curve, with the peaks at 15.2 mM of Ca++. The
      result indicates that the depression of myocardial contractility produced by
      thiamylal is counteracted competitively by Ca++. However, the curves in the
      presence of halothane (5.0 +/- 0.4 mg%) were kept lower than those of the
      control, with the peaks at 7.6 mM of Ca++. The result shows that the
      counteraction of Ca++ to the depression of myocardial contractility was limited
      in the presence of halothane. A similar tendency was observed in maximum force of
      isometric contraction (Fm). Moreover, in the presence of halothane, the
      administration of higher concentrations of Ca++ almost always accompanied "after
      contraction". From the result obtained and the literature concerned it was
      suggested that the mechanism for producing the depression of myocardial
      contractility might be different between thiamylal and halothane in relation to
      Ca++ movements at the Ca++ storage sites within the myocardium.

PMID- 960105
TI  - Changes in hypophysio-ovarian endocrinological function of post-menopausal and
      castrated women.
AB  - The serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH were determined by
      radioimmunoassay in post-menopausal and castrated women and the data obtained at
      the same periods after menopause and castration were compared. The serum levels
      of estradiol and progesterone in post-menopausal women within 1 year after
      menopause were higher than those of castrated women. The result suggested that
      ovarian function was indeed depressed in the post-menopausal women but was still
      preserved for 1 to 2 years after menopause. In the post-menopausal women, the
      levels of serum LH and FSH rose gradually to reach a peak at 1 to 3 years after
      menopause, when the production of ovarian sex steroid hormones presumably ceased.
      On the contrary, the serum LH and FSH levels of castrated women began to decrease
      gradually 4 to 9 years after castration. It is highly suggestive from these
      findings that a negative feedback mechanism is elicited by ageing.

PMID- 960106
TI  - Malignant lymphoma initiated with malabsorption syndrome due to Isospora belli
      infection and lymphocytosis.
AB  - A 47-year-old man had diarrhea in 1965. Four years later, malabsorption syndrome
      was diagnosed and the patient was found to have mild lymphocytosis. Abdominal
      lymphoma was suspected, but exploratory laparotomy was normal except for partial
      villous atrophy of small intestine and slightly enlarged mesenteric lymphnodes
      which were normal microscopically. In vitro lymphocyte blastformation with
      phytohemagglutinin was depressed markedly throughout the course and the result
      predicted the developement of malignancy of the lymphocytic system. Infection of
      Isospora belli was found thereafter, and sulfamethoxazole was quite effective for
      diarrhea. In August, 1974, he noticed cervical lymphadenopathy for the first time
      and it was diagnosed as undifferentiated type of malignant lymphoma. He died in
      December, 1974. In this case diarrhea was most probably caused by the intestinal
      infection of Isospora belli without obvious lymphoma. The symptom was swept away
      by peroral sulfamethoxazole. In this patient coccidiosis was presumably induced
      and prolonged by suppression of cellular immunity which might have already begun
      to progress at the onset of diarrhea.

PMID- 960107
TI  - Evidence for a familial form of hypertriglyceridemia as disorders coupled with
      insulin resistance.
AB  - To evaluate the role of insulin in familial hypertriglyceridemia, 34 relatives of
      the pedigrees of 3 index cases of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic
      steatosis as well as 9 spouses were examined for plasma lipids and responses of
      blood glucose and plasma insulin during oral glucose tolerance tests. The
      combined disorders of hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia plus glucose
      intolerance--insulin resistance--were most commonly found among the relatives,
      which were often accompanied by an impaired liver function. Some relatives showed
      hyperinsulinemia without hypertriglyceridemia. Obesity was frequent, but its
      incidence was similar to the controls. Thus, the observed form of familial
      hypertriglyceridemia was apparently coupled with insulin resistance; and
      hyperinsulinemia, or insulin resistance by itself, might be a basic genetical
      trait in this form of lipid disorder.

PMID- 960108
TI  - [Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of tubal sterility].

PMID- 960109
TI  - Discriminating interactions between chiral molecules.

PMID- 960110
TI  - Chromatographic separation of the venom of Egyptian black snake (Walterinnesia
      aegyptia) and pharmacological characterization of its components.

PMID- 960111
TI  - The role of complex formation in the neurotoxicity of crotoxin components A and
      B.

PMID- 960112
TI  - Electron-microscopic study of the effect of whole venom sac extract of the
      oriental hornet and one of its fractions on frog striated muscle.

PMID- 960113
TI  - Nitration of tyrosine in three cobra neurotoxins.

PMID- 960114
TI  - Effect of phospholipases A2 and C on structure and phospholipids of the
      electroplax.

PMID- 960115
TI  - Isolation of a neurotoxin with A presynaptic action from the venom of the black
      widow spider (Latrodectus mactans, Fabr.).

PMID- 960116
TI  - Effect extracts of the venom gland of the recluse spider, Loxosceles laeta, on
      human cells in culture.

PMID- 960117
TI  - High tolerance to snake venom by the virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana.

PMID- 960118
TI  - Geographic distribution of hospital beds in the United States.

PMID- 960119
TI  - Leading causes of death among insured lives.

PMID- 960121
TI  - Expectation of life, by state, 1969-71.

PMID- 960120
TI  - Cycling accident fatalities in the United States.

PMID- 960122
TI  - Geographic differences in survival after age 6k.

PMID- 960123
TI  - Recent trends in suicide.

PMID- 960124
TI  - Recent trends in mortality from cancer.

PMID- 960125
TI  - Trends in labor force participation of males in the United States.

PMID- 960126
TI  - General aviation in the United States.

PMID- 960127
TI  - Hospital care of Metropolitan employees in 1974.

PMID- 960128
TI  - An illuminator for ultramicrotome knife orientation and block approach.
AB  - The construction and operation of a simple, inexpensive illuminator that produces
      high quality illumination of the ultramicrotome knife edge and the edge to block
      face gap resembling dark field is described. Use of the illuminator greatly
      speeds knife adjustment and reduces the likelihood of specimen or knife edge
      damage. The illuminator uses a grain-of-wheat light bulb and an adjustable bulb
      holder fashioned from bent paper clips. The holder permits both lateral and axial
      adjustment of the bulb position, which is necessary to achieve satisfactory
      illumination with different specimens and knives. The illuminator, with slight
      modification, can be adapted for use on any ultramicrotome.

PMID- 960129
TI  - [Results of radiotherapy of malignant testicular neoplasms].
AB  - It is very difficult to compare the therapeutic results of malignant testicular
      tumours because of the different histological classification systems, the
      uncertainty in the definition of the different stages, the error rate of the
      lymphography which amounts up to 35%, and the multitude of surgical, radiation,
      and chemotherapeutic methods. A histological classification and an exact
      determination of the stage is required as a condition of beginning a
      radiotherapy. The desirable focal dose for seminomas is between 4000 and 5000
      rad, the maximum dose for teratomas is 6000 rad. For the stages T1-3N0 the iliac
      and the paraaortic lymph nodes are irradiated, for the stages T1-4N1-2 the
      interpleural space andthe supraclavicular region are included. For a group of 91
      patients there was reached a five-year survival rate of 85,5% in case of
      seminomas and of 64% in case of teratomas.

PMID- 960130
TI  - [Thyroid malignant neoplasms. Therapeutic results in 305 patients].
AB  - Between 1960 and 1972, 305 patients with malignomas of the thyroid gland were
      surgically treated, irradiated (megavoltage therapy and/or iodine-131), and
      treated with thyroid hormone according to principles formerly stated.
      Differentiated adenocarcinomas (34.4% of all the patients) were observed more
      frequently in women and younger patients, whereas dedifferentiated carcinomas
      (33.8%) are found relatively more often in men and in an advanced age. Only in
      12% of the cases the tumor was discovered in an early stage; thus, an early
      diagnosis is much too rare so far. In almost two thirds of the patients a spread
      of metastases occurred. Of these, 11% grew manifest later than five years
      following the therapy. Distant metastases from differentiated adenocarcinomas
      accumulated I-131 in sixty per cent, those from undifferentiated carcinomas still
      in twenty per cent. Treatment results are influenced decisively by histology,
      tumor spread, age and sex, women less than forty years old with differentiated
      adenocarcinomas and a circumscribed extension of the tumor having the best
      prognosis. More prognostic importance is due to the extension of the primary
      tumor than to the presence of metastases to regionary lymph nodes. Patients with
      metastases accumulating I-131 have a better chance of survival than those whose
      metastases do not accumulate. By means of standardized therapeutic rules,
      utilizing modern therapeutic techniques and based on interdepartmental
      cooperation, it was possible to improve the results partly by the two- or
      threefold as compared to a previously treated group of patients.

PMID- 960131
TI  - [Results of radiotherapy of prostatic carcinoma as monotherapy].
AB  - A report is given of the results of histopathologic examinations of subsequent
      biopsies carried out on 54 patients with prostate carcinomas and of the clinical
      development of the prostate carcinomas of 89 patients. All these patients were
      treated only by therapeutic radiology. Then follows a discussion whether the
      radiation or the hormone therapy has the preponderant values. The possible
      complications of the two therapy methods are compared.

PMID- 960132
TI  - [Clinical relevance of histological differentiation of malignant lymphomas
      according to the "Kiel classification". A retrospective study of correlations in
      228 cases from Schleswig-Holstein].
AB  - The correlations between histological type and clinical picture are reported by a
      retrospective study of 228 cases in Slesvig-Holstein with malignant non-Hodgkin
      lymphomas who were scheduled by th "Kiel classification".

PMID- 960133
TI  - [Influence of radiotherapy on lymphocyte stimulation].
AB  - More than 300 lymphocyte cultures of 12 patients with seminomas were examined
      during the prophylactic radiotherapy and, in several cases, during an extended
      period until 20.5 months after the end of the treatment. The object of this study
      was to find out by measuring the capacity of the lymphocytes to be stimulated in
      vitro wheather they could be damaged by the radiotherapy. Among other reasons,
      the above mentioned patients were chosen because they had been submitted to
      irradiations of vast volumes of lymphatic tissues at a uniform focal dose of 4000
      rad. The different opinions expressed in the literature (stimulation decreassed
      resp. increased resp. unchanged) are reflected by our results in such a way that
      we did not find a qualitative loss of the capacity to be stimulated cultures. The
      problem of the different opinions about the capacity of lymphocytes to be
      stimulated after a radiotherapy appears; among other things, to be based on
      different examination methods. According to these methods- morphological
      determination of the relative number of lymphoblasts, synthesis of DNA by fluid
      scintillation counting, or determination of the number of surviving cells in
      vitro -different results are obtained. It seems not possible to use the
      lymphocyte stimulation in vitro as a method of testing clinical sideefects
      occuring during the characteristics of immunity and radiation biology are not
      differentiated in a more precise manner.

PMID- 960134
TI  - [Sonographic and roentgenologic course controls following radiotherapy of
      retroperitoneal neoplasms].
AB  - Twelve patients with retroperitoneal tumors were examined sonographically and
      roentgenologically before and after radiation therapy. The sonograms were
      evaluated quantitatively by planimetry. Nine cases revealed analogous results in
      roentgenologic and in sonographic examinations. In three cases sonography
      revealed a tumor regression which was not verifiable with X-rays. In
      consideration of these results, sonography is used by us as a primary method for
      examination of retroperitoneal tumors during the follow-up control.

PMID- 960135
TI  - [Consideration of inhomogeneities in irradiation planning. I. Influence of
      inhomogeneities on course of depth dose curve in water for cobalt60 gamma rays].
AB  - In radiation therapy, the focal doses during irradiation of a tumor are based on
      the values for water, since water has almost the same absorption coefficient as
      muscular tissue, even for different kinds and energies of radiation. But
      calculation of the tumor dose will become inaccurate if inhomogeneities in the
      ray path are not considered such as fat, bones, plaster, metal plates, Kuntscher
      nail, endoprothesis. These materials, having a density phi different from water,
      represent inhomogeneities relative to water with regard to absorption of high
      energy radiations. The experiments yielded the following results: All
      measurements revealed that the change in the course of the depth dose curve
      caused by inhomogeneities in water depends essentially on the density phi and on
      the thickness d of the inhomogeneity. If the density phi of the inhomogeneity
      exceeds one, a shift of the depth dose curve in water results in direction to the
      surface: if the density phi is smaller than one, the depth dose curve will move
      towards greater depth because of the inhomogeneity. With Co-60 gamma radiation,
      the shift of the depth dose curve in water due to an inhomogeneity occurs almost
      parallel. A correlation obtained empirically allows a calculation of the extent
      of the shift, the depth dose is subjected to, for different inhomogeneities. With
      the density of the inhomogeneity phi2 and the thickness d, the shift V in water
      (phi1=1) will result from V=0.5 (phi2-1) d (cm) in direction to the surface if
      phi2 greater than 1, towards greater depth, if phi2 less than 1.

PMID- 960136
TI  - [Skip technique as a variant of moving field irradiation].
AB  - The skip-technique may be used either for screening or lessening the radiation
      load to sensitive sound organs or for an adjusted formation of the isodoses or
      for both. To show the possibilities of application of this elegant and quite
      practicable method, some examples are reported concerning spondylous processes,
      para-aortic lymph nodes and tumors in the small pelvis. The loss of radiation
      dose because of the additional opening and closing procedure of the diaphragm
      demands a correction of the duration of irradiation.

PMID- 960137
TI  - [Inhibition of epidermis proliferation by borderline rays].
AB  - Treatment of guinea pig flanks with very soft X-rays (borderline rays) may stop
      the uptake of 3H-Tdr during the DNA synthesis phase of epidermal germinative
      cells. Evidence of increased proliferative activity at any time after the
      irradiation can only be seen as a symptom of secondary reactive repair processes.

PMID- 960138
TI  - [Influence of a preliminary irradiation once or twice on radioresistance of
      mice*].
AB  - The radioresistance of mice was tested in order to find out in which way it was
      influence by one or two preliminary irradiations. The thirty-day survival rate
      after a single total irradiation was taken as a criterion of the radioresistance.
      Only one test group showed a significant increase of radioresistance after two
      preliminary irradiations, whereas the resistance of three other groups was
      reduced remarkably after irradiation doses of 300 resp. 400 R. From these facts
      we draw the following conclusion: either radiotoxins and the remote effects
      produced by them are only playing a minor role in NMRI/Han mice or these mice are
      particular "low-responders" as far as the produciton of antibodies against
      radiotoxins is concerned.

PMID- 960139
TI  - Liver dysfunction following whole-body Co-60 irradiation in gerbil (Meriones
      Hurrianae Jerdon) and house rat (Rattus rattus Rufescens).
AB  - Liver dysfunction following whole-body Co-60 irradiation has been studied in
      domestic and desert rat species. A significant elevation in the serum
      transaminases activity was noticed both in gerbil and house rat. Alkaline
      phosphatase and plasma cholesterol levels were also increased indicating an early
      radiation impairment of the liver tissue, which was later confirmed by
      histological studies. A steady fall in liver glycogen in irradiated gerbils was
      strikingly in contrast to an increase in irradiated house rat. Drastic depletion
      in liver glycogen, changes in the serum enzyme levels and the severity of the
      hepatic necrosis in gerbils point out that desert mammalian species are much more
      sensitive to radiation hazard as compared with domestic ones.

PMID- 960140
TI  - Aplastic anemia in Japanese radiological technicians.
AB  - Among the Japanese radiological technicans, four deaths from aplastic anemia have
      been reported after 1930. On the other hand, during the period from 1930 to 1960,
      the population of radiological technicians is estimated to be 74,400 man-years,
      in which 0.5 aplastic anemias are expected. However, actually three died from
      aplastic anemia. This difference is statistically significant at the 1% level.
      While, in the period from 1961 to 1973, the observed value is 1 against 0.7
      expected. It is concluded that aplastic anemia had been induced frequently among
      the Japanese radiological technicians in the era when there was much exposure to
      occupational radiation.

PMID- 960141
TI  - Radiation protection of the patient during radiotherapy.
AB  - Systematic studies of gonadal doses to patients undergoing therapy on 60Co and X
      ray machines were carried out using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD). Phantom
      and in vivo measurements were performed for various field sizes and for different
      positions of the centre of the field on the patient's body with exception of
      fields including the gonads during radiotherapeutic treatment. It was shown that
      there is no effect of various SSD and that most radiation reaching gonads is
      transmitted axially through the body and therefore, it is impossible to reduce
      this dose with a simple shielding. The figures presented allow prediction of
      gonadal doses at various conditions. The efficiency of lung, mouth etc. shielding
      during radiotherapy was also investigated.

PMID- 960142
TI  - Decreased levels of androgen binding protein in the reproductive tract of the
      restricted (Hre) rat.
AB  - A simple method was developed for assay of androgen binding protein (ABP) in the
      reproductive tract of male rats. Dextran-coated charcoal was employed to separate
      bound and free steroid. The number of binding sites quantified by this technique
      was the same as those determined by other procedures. The ABP levels in testis
      and epididymis of Hre rats was much lower than those from normal littermates.
      This abnormality was correlated with defective spermatogenesis in these animals.

PMID- 960143
TI  - Synthesis of new steroid haptens for radioimmunoassay. Part I. 15beta
      Carboxyethylmercaptotestosterone-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Measurement of
      testosterone in male plasma without chromatography.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure has been developed for measurement of
      testosterone in male plasma after ether:chloroform (4:1) extraction of the plasma
      sample without resorting to chromatography. The highly specific anti-testosterone
      serum was generated from both rabbits and sheep immunized with 15beta
      carboxyethylmercapto-testosterone-BSA conjugate. The synthesis of 15beta
      carboxyethylmercaptotestosterone and the preparation of its BSA conjugate are
      described. The high affinity (Ka=2.38 X 10(9) liters/mole) antiserum binds 50% of
      50 picograms of tritiated testosterone at working dilutions of 1:100,000 to
      1:200,000. Both 5alpha and 5beta-dihydrotestosterone compounds exhibited less
      than 2% cross-reaction. The only other steroids that showed minor cross-reaction
      were 11beta-hydroxytestosterone (3.8%), progesterone (2.1%), corticosterone
      (1.6%), and deoxycorticosterone (7.7%).

PMID- 960144
TI  - A simple radioimmunoassay for the measurement of testosterone glucosiduronate in
      unextracted urine.
AB  - A simple, reliable and rapid radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the determination of
      testosterone glucosiduronate (TG) in crude urine is described. Two protein-TG
      complexes were investigated in raising antibodies: a) Bovine serum albumin (BSA)
      TG and b) human plasma Cohn's fraction IV-4 (CF)-TG. In rabbits, high titers of
      antibodies were obtained after the injection of CF-TG. The specificity of the
      antiserum was sufficiently high (cross reaction with free testosterone 27%, with
      5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-glucosiduronate 20%). TG was estimated in small
      aliquots of male and female urine after evaporation overnight at 50 degrees C in
      order to eliminate interfering material. The intraassay coefficient of variation
      (CV) was found to be 6% and the interassay CV 11%. TB has been determined in 40
      samples of urine simultaneously by "direct" RIA and by a "classical" RIA
      following hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase. The coefficient of correlation was
      found to be 0.89. The mean excretion of TG in the urine of 26 healthy men
      amounted to 164+/-51 mug/24 hours with a range from 97 to 346 mug/24 hours. In a
      group of 16 women a mean urinary excretion of TG of 24+/-10 mug/24 hours was
      determined. The method allows a technician to assay 40 samples per day.

PMID- 960145
TI  - Radioimmunoassays for aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone in plasma and urine.
AB  - Radioimmunoassays for aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone (DOC) are described in
      which a simple separation procedure using ammonium sulfate stabilization of bound
      steroid and extraction of free steroid into toluene scintillant allows an "in
      vial" assay without mechanical separation of the two phase system. Extraction and
      thin layer chromatographic methods for purification of aldosterone and DOC are
      free of solvent and plate blank effects. Normal values are given for unconjugated
      aldosterone and DOC in urine, for aldosterone and DOC in plasma and for
      aldosterone 18-glucuronide in urine.

PMID- 960146
TI  - Behavior of 3alpha- and 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases on chenodeoxycholate
      substituted Sepharose.
AB  - Chenodeoxycholate (3alpha-, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoate) was linked to
      Sepharose 4B by an ethylenediamine bridge. When 3alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase and 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase preparations were applied
      to a column of covalently linked chenodeoxycholate, both enzymes were retarded at
      pH 6.7; the 7alpha-OH oriented enzyme more than the 3alpha-OH enzyme.
      Approximately forty-fold purification of 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was
      achieved in one step. Although no significant purification of 3alpha
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase occurred, the background value in the fluorometric
      enzymatic estimation of bile acids by eluted 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      was markedly reduced. Molecular weight estimation by Sephadex G-200 gave the
      values of 47,000 for 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 105,000 for 7alpha
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

PMID- 960147
TI  - Effect of endogenous corticosterone on the determination of dexamethasone
      receptor levels in rat liver cytosol.
AB  - The effect of endogenous corticosterone on the quantitative measurement of
      dexamethasone receptors in liver cytosols from developing rats has been studied.
      Liver cytosols from adrenalectomized rats were preincubated with increasing
      concentrations of nonlabeled corticosterone and the levels of detectable
      dexamethasone receptors were subsequently determined either directly or after
      removal of unbound corticosterone. Corticosterone concentrations of 50 nM or
      lower had no significant effect on the specific binding of labeled dexamethasone.
      Higher concentrations of corticosterone resulted in under-estimation of
      dexamethasone receptor levels. The mean levels of endogenous corticosterone in
      liver cytosols from 19.5- to 21.5- day fetuses, 22-day fetuses, 6-day-old
      immature rats and adult rats were 27.40, 11.91, 0.81 and 4.05 nM, respectively.
      It is concluded that variations in the levels of circulating corticosterone in
      the rat under normal physiological conditions have no significant effect on the
      quantitative measurement of total (occupied and unoccupied) receptor sites for
      dexamethasone in liver cytosol. This is supported by the finding that prior
      treatment of liver cytosols, from rats at different stages of development, with
      charcoal to remove unbound steroids has no effect on the amount of detectable
      dexamethasone receptors.

PMID- 960148
TI  - Prostaglandins inhibit testosterone secretion by mouse testes in vitro.
AB  - Production of testosterone (T) by decapsulated mouse tests in vitro was
      significantly inhibited by adding prostaglandin (PG) A1, PGA2 or PGE1 to the
      incubation medium. Prostaglandin A1 at a concentration of 10(-6)M inhibited T
      production in this system both in the presence of moderate amounts of hCG (12.5
      or 25.0 mIU/ml), and in the absence of gonadotropins. However, in the presence of
      very high levels of hCG (125.0 mIU/ml), all PGs tested appeared to have had a
      slight potentiating effect on T production when added in concentrations ranging
      from 10(-7) to 10(-5)M, and the inhibition of T accumulation in the medium was
      consistently observed only when the concentration of PGs was increased to 10(
      3)M. These results suggest that a direct effect of PGs on testicular
      steroidogenesis may account for, or contributes to, the decrease in peripheral T
      levels observed after administration of PGs in vivo.

PMID- 960149
TI  - A new class of long-acting hormonal steroid preparation: synthesis of dimeric
      androgenes coupled at C3-C3 and C17-C3 and of an androgen-progestogen
      combination.
AB  - 3beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-17-one was prepared from 4-androsten-3,17-dione
      according to the method of Klimstra and Colton (1) and dimerized by means of
      esterification with succinic acid. The reduction with lithium-tri-t
      butoxyaluminium hydride gave a testosterone derivative coupled between C3-C3
      which showed after a single injection of 10 mg a protracted but relatively weak
      androgenic effect in castrated male rats. The direct esterification of
      testosterone hemisuccinate with 4-androsten-3beta, 17beta-diol gave the
      testosterone derivative coupled between C17-C3 which showed a more even and more
      protracted time response curve than testosterone enanthate. The testosterone
      ethynodiol succinate also coupled between C17-C3, showed an androgenic depot
      effect similar to that of the dimeric C17-C3 testosterone derivative.

PMID- 960150
TI  - Hemodynamic derangement for the induction of cerebrovascular fat deposition in
      normotensive rats on a hypercholesterolemic diet.
AB  - Cerebrovascular ring-like fat deposition, which was noted only in hypertensive
      rats but never observed in normotensive rats even after they had been fed a high
      fat cholesterol (HFC) diet for a long time, was successfully developed in the
      posterior communicating or other cerebrobasal arteries in normotensive rats fed
      an HFC diet for ten weeks after bilateral or unilateral carotid artery ligation
      or basilar artery ligation. These posterior communicating arteries with fat
      deposits were clearly dilated to a significant extent. These findings
      corroborated the fact that not only high blood pressure but also hemodynamic
      derangements induced by hypertension or other causes were important factors for
      the development of fat deposition in cerebral arteries.

PMID- 960151
TI  - Components of blood pressure and risk of atherothrombotic brain infarction: the
      Framingham study.
AB  - From a study of the evolution of atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI) in the
      Framingham cohort of 5,209 men and women over 18 years of follow-up, it has been
      ascertained that hypertensionis the most common and most powerful precursor.
      Atherothrombotic brain infarction developed in hypertensive patients seven times
      more often than in normotensive patients, and the risk was proportional to the
      blood pressure throughout its range.

PMID- 960152
TI  - Intracranial neurosurgical treatment of occlusive cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Anastomosis of the extracranial superficial temporal artery to the intracranial
      middle cerebral artery offers an additional source of blood to the cerebral
      circulation in patients with transient ischemic episodes. Fourteen cases are
      reported. Two representative cases with three anastomoses demonstrate the use of
      this technique in occlusion of the internal carotid artery, occlusion of the
      middle cerebral artery and stenosis of the middle cerebral artery. Indications
      and contraindications of the procedure are discussed.

PMID- 960153
TI  - Noninavasive angiography for the diagnosis of carotid artery disease using
      Doppler ultrasound (carotid artery Doppler).
AB  - To detect stenosis in the carotid artery with a bidirectional continuous-wave
      Doppler ultrasound device, the following noninvasive procedure, applied on 800
      patients and compared with 249 angiograms of 186 patients, has proved to be about
      90% reliable. Measurements of flow signals were taken over the terminal branches
      of the ophthalmic artery (supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries) and averaged.
      Compression of superficial temporal and facial arteries revealed flow direction
      and common carotid artery compression revealed the supplying blood vessel and the
      effectiveness of the circle of Willis. Measurements over the common carotid
      arteries were used to evaluate peripheral resistance. A set of eight criteria was
      used; the diagnostic value of each criterion was calculated by comparing 138
      pathological Doppler findings in 123 patients with the angiograms. If reverse
      flow direction in supratrochlear or supraorbital artery was used alone, only 43%
      correct diagnoses would have resulted. A more severe stenosis is not necessarily
      correlated with a more weighted criterion; a subset of criteria is less efficient
      than the combination of all criteria. Application during 32 extracranial
      endarterectomies on 28 patients informed the surgeon immediately about the
      hemodynamic effect of the surgical intervention. Rethrombosis was diagnosed in
      two patients by postoperative Doppler examination.

PMID- 960154
TI  - Noninvasive angiography for the diagnosis of vertebral artery disease using
      Doppler ultrasound (vertebral artery Doppler).
AB  - A transoral noninvasive procedure in the oropharynx using local anesthesia was
      applied to detect flow in the vertebral arteries with a bidirectional continuous
      wave Doppler ultrasound system. Common carotid artery compression was used to
      identify the vertebral artery. Flow direction, amplitude of flow signals,
      diastolic flow, and reaction of flow on common carotid artery compression served
      as diagnostic parameters. The procedure was applied in 90 patients of whom 42
      underwent angiography. The method has proved to be 82% accurate. It was most
      reliable in the diagnosis of occlusion or aplasia, subclavian steal and normalcy,
      and was less reliable in the detection of stenosis or hypoplasia of a vertebral
      artery. Eleven patients with subclavin steal, five patients with a missing
      vertebral artery  three patients with hypoplasia or stenosis, and 15 patients
      with normal angiorgraphical findings were correctly diagnosed by Doppler; normal
      Doppler findings were present in three patients with a mission or stenosed
      vertebral artery. Those patients (five) with Doppler indications of subclavian
      steal (one patient), missing vertebral artery (two patients), or stenosis (two
      patients) had normal angiograms. Application of the Doppler procedure, after 11
      subclavin endarterectomies, informed the surgeon immediately about the
      hemodynamic effect of surgical intervention. Rethrombosis was diagnosed in two
      patients by postoperative Doppler examination.

PMID- 960155
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of velocity profiles and blood flow in the common carotid
      artery by pulsed Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - A computer-controlled 14-channel pulsed Doppler ultrasound instrument was used as
      a noninvasive means to evaluate instantaneous velocity profiles and flow in the
      comlon carotid arteries of 22 healthy persons and in 22 patients. Of the later,
      13 had severe obstructions of the extracranial portion of the carotid artery,
      four had obstruction of the intracranial portion, and five had severe aortic
      valve insufficiency (AI), with more than 60% regurgitation in all cases.
      Measurements could be performed within an accuracy of about +/- 20% under
      clinical conditions and revealed perfusion values of 5 to 8 ml per second (300 to
      480 ml per minute) in healthy persons. Of the patients, values less than 3 ml per
      second (180 ml per minute) were detected in nine, between 3 and 5 mm per second
      (180 to 300 ml per minute) in four, and normal values in another four, while
      significant backflow was observed only in patients with severe AI. Consecutive
      blood flow profiles were recorded every 4 msec; these demonstratedthat, for a
      period lasting from 40 msec to 280 msec after the initial systolic peak, blood
      flow decelerated more rapidly in the central portion of the vessel lumen than
      near the wall. This situation was present in all healthy persons and in most
      patients with pathological flow. In patients with AI, flow reinversion from
      reverse to normal began near the vessel wall, while in the middle third of the
      vessel lumen, blood was still flowing backward. These phenomena seem to be in
      agreement with the theoretical and experimental findings of Wormersly, Muller,
      and others. The AI patients who underwent artificial valve implantation were
      studied ten days after operation and showed no or little backflow in the common
      carotid artery at that time.

PMID- 960156
TI  - The reliability of clinical predictors of extracranial artery disease.
AB  - The records of 628 patients admitted to the Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial
      Occlusion with transient symptoms of carotid system ischemic disease were
      examined to determine the accuracy of predicting disease of the extracranial
      internal carotid artery on the basis of clinical information alone. A patient
      with a history of episodes of amaurosis fugax is more likely to have a lesion of
      the internal carotid artery on the same side than if he were having only
      transient cerebral ischemic attacks. In patients with transient symptoms and a
      carotid bruit on the appropriate side, the incidence of an angiographically
      normal carotid artery was 15%. In those patients with transient symptoms and no
      palpable pulsation in the cervical region on the appropirate side, the incidence
      of an angiographically normal carotid artery was zero.

PMID- 960157
TI  - Isolated ophthalmic migraine in the differential diagnosis of cerebro-ocular
      ischemia.
AB  - Thirty-three of 129 patients who incurred isolated ophthalmic migraine had
      monocular attacks of scotomatous visual field loss. Fifteen of 33 patients with
      monocular attacks had immediate or remote evidence of vascular disease. Four
      patients had carotid bruits on the same side as the monocular attacks and low
      ophthalmodynamometer readings. One patient had ischemic optic neuropathy and two
      had atheromatous disease (advanced stage in one patient). Forty-five percent of
      the patients with monocular attacks and only 13% of the remaining patients with
      homonymous attacks had vascular complications. This represents an important
      finding even in such a small group of patients. It is felt that, whether the
      vascular problems are trigger mechanisms or coexistence pathology to the migraine
      type attack, one should strongly suspect such an association when a patient
      describes a monocular attack and one should look for a possible vascular
      explanation other than migraine.

PMID- 960158
TI  - Respiratory rate and pattern disturbances in acute brain stem infarction.
AB  - Respiratory rates and patterns were studied in 23 patients with acute brain stem
      infarction using impedance pneumography. Autopsy was obtained in six of eight
      fatal cases. Pontine lesions were present in all patients, with coexistent
      infarction of midbrain in four and of medulla in nine. Respiratory rate and
      pattern abnormalities observed included Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Cheynb-Stokes
      variant pattern and tachypnea. Abnormalities of respiratory rate and pattern of
      varying duration were observed at some time in all patients. All patients in whom
      prominent Cheyne-Stokes respiration or tachypnea were observed had extensive
      bilateral pontine lesions involving both basal and tegmental portions. However,
      not all patients with large pontine infarcts had Cheyne-Stokes respiration or
      tachypnea. Cheyne-Stokes respiration was prominent in four patients (two fatal,
      two nonfatal). Cheyne-Stokes variant pattern was present frequently in four
      patients (one fatal, three nonfatal). Sustained tachypnea developed in five
      patients, four of whom died. In ten patients (one fatal, nine nonfatal), normal
      respiratory rate and pattern predominated with only rare or occasional apperance
      of Cheyne-Stokes respiration or Cheyne-Stokes variant pattern, especially during
      sleep. The types of respiratory rate and pattern abnormalities in acute brain
      stem infarction were not specifically related to the level of lesions, but rather
      to the size and bilaterality of the lesions. Respiratory alkalosis was present in
      varying degrees in most patients with either tachypnea or prominent CSR.

PMID- 960159
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia and multiple dissecting aneurysms of intracranial
      arteries. A further cause of Moyamoya syndrome.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy, who had sudden left-sided hemiplegia, died two weeks following
      onset of symptoms. A right carotid angiogram showed stenosis at the termination
      of the internal carotid artery. The middle cerebral artery had a beaded
      appearance and some of its branches were occluded. A basal "moyamoya" syndrome
      and transdural anastomoses were present. At autopsy, multiple intracranial
      dissecting aneurysms were found. Arteries of the body displayed fibromuscular
      dysplasia (FMD). The relevance of dysplastic changes of intracranial arteries and
      the relationship to moyamoya syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 960160
TI  - Flow and compartmental weight in relation to the cours of stroke.
AB  - Using a scintillation camera system, hemispheric and regional cerebral blood flow
      was measured repeatedly during the course after a stroke. In 20 patients who
      improved clinically mean hemispheric and regional flow and relative weight of
      rapidly perfused compartment increased, while these values decreased in 15
      patients, on an average, whose clinical condition deteriorated or did not change.
      The changes of flow and relative weight were significantly different between the
      two groups. Futhermore, the relationship between changes in clinical condition,
      scored according to a rating scale, and changes in flow and compartmental weight
      was proved by significant Spearman rank correlation coefficients. In six cases
      hyperperfused areas in locations of disturbed neurological function were
      observed; these areas were found to be ischemic at measurements done early and
      late in the cours after the stroke. This type of hyperperfusion was related to
      beneficial prognosis. The results indicate a shift of tissue form fast to slowly
      cleared compartment after a cerebrovascular attack. If tissue morphology is not
      entirely destroyed, recovery might occur; this results in an increase of recorded
      weight of rapidly clearing compartments, which correlates to the clinical course.

PMID- 960161
TI  - Cerebral atherosclerosis in Uganda.
AB  - A study of arterial circles of Willis from a series of 715 consecutive autopsies
      in Ugandan Africans shows that severity of cerebral atherosclerosis increases
      with age. No significant difference exists between men and women nor among main
      tribal groups. The severity is less in Ugandan Africans than in United States
      blacks but is approximately the same in United States Caucasians. However, the
      Ugandan Africans show a more severe cerebral atherosclerotic involvement than do
      the Nigerians.

PMID- 960162
TI  - Platelet aggregability measured by screen filtration pressure method in
      cerebrovascular diseases.
AB  - Platelet aggregability was measured using the screen filtration pressure (SFP)
      method in 50 elderly healthy people, 93 persons with essential hypertension, 166
      patients with cerebral thrombosis at the recovery stage (more than two months
      after onset), and 74 patients with cerebral hemorrhage at the recovery stage. SFP
      by 3 muM ADP in the healthy persons, the hypertensive patients, and the patients
      in the recovery stages of hemorrhage and thrombosis were 148.7 +/- 53.5, 176.2 +/
      74.4, 189.8 +/- 58.3 and 206.3 +/- 58.9 mm Hg, respectively. The differences of
      the SFP between the Healthy and each of the diseased groups were statistically
      significant (P less than 0.01 to 0.05). Meanwhile, SFP of nine patients with
      cerebral thrombosis and 18 patients with hemorrhage was measured during their
      time course of disease from the onset to 180 days. SFP in the acute stage of
      thrombosis showed an increase and a gradual decrease during the time course,
      while SFP in the acute stage of hemorrhage showed the opposite -a decrease and a
      gradual increase. A statistically significant difference was observed between
      both groups within 30 days from onset (P less than 0.001). Screen filtration
      pressure in the acute stage of hemorrhage showed 95.2 +/- 17.7 mm Hg in nine
      survival cases and 194.0 +/- 96.2 mm Hg in nine deaths with ten days from the
      onset. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Such
      results suggest a role of platelets in cerebral thrombosis and hemorrhage and a
      usefulness in differential diagnosis of both diseases.

PMID- 960163
TI  - Mechanisms of postischemic brain edema: contribution of circulatory factors.
AB  - Controlled cerebral ischemia was produced in rabbits by bilateral occlusion of
      the common carotid arteries and restriction of collateral blood flow by a
      decrease of the systemic arterial pressure to a desirable level (by hemorrhage
      into a pressurized reservior system). The following circulatory parameters were
      simultaneously monitored: systemic arterial pressure (SAP), pressure in the
      circle of Willis (Pcw), systemic venous pressure (SVP), and pressure in the
      sagittal venous sinus of brain (Pvs). The cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured
      by means of the H2-clearance method, and the brain volume (BrV) changes were
      evaluated with a mechanical system of the sterotaxic device. It has been
      concluded that the pre-edematous changes in the brain tissue arise during deep
      ischemis but an important factor in the brain edema development is the recovery
      of the CBF with and increase of the intravascular pressure closely related to the
      brain blood volume augmentation. The latter may be pronouced because of
      diminution of the blood outflow from the brain when the SVP is increased. The
      compensation for the BrV increase (caused either by brain blood volume
      augmentation or by brain edema) is obtained by Pcw decrease probably due to
      resistance rise in the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. The brain edema
      may be additionally compensated by an active decrease of the systemic arterial
      pressure.

PMID- 960164
TI  - Carotid blood velocity during cough studies in man.
AB  - Utilizing a Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter catheter, right carotid artery blood
      velocity was measured during 91 coughing episodes in 16 patients. Such coughing
      reduced carotid blood velocity by 40 +/- 22% (control = 34 +/- 8 cm per second,
      cough = 20 +/- 9 cm per second, p less than 0.001). There was an insignificant
      low degree of corrleation between the level of simultaneously recorded mean right
      pressure and the percent decline of peak carotid blood velocity, suggesting that
      impaired venous return was not the only factor responsible for the observed
      changes. It is concluded that (1)coughing diminishes phasic carotid blood
      velocity and (2)reduced cerebral perfusion may play a role in the pathogenesis of
      cough syncope.

PMID- 960165
TI  - Doppler sonography diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Sonographic patterns for the Doppler ophthalmic test (DOT) were determined by
      reviewing the type of graphic record obtained from 25 patients who had undergone
      angiography. Three principal patterns were identified, depending upon whether
      there was augmentation (Type 1), diminution (Type 2) or no change (Type 3) in the
      character of the supraorbital Doppler signal upon temporal artery compression.
      Type 1 records were seen in 28 of 33 instances where the carotid arteries
      remained patent. Type 2 records occurred in 10 of 14 instances where there was
      significant carotid stenoses or tortuosity and in two instances in a patient with
      a subclavian steal syndrome. A "false-positive" test was recorded in one instance
      in a patient with vascular headaches. There were three Type 3 records.

PMID- 960166
TI  - An evaluation of hypocarbia and hypercarbia during carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients were randomly given hypocarbic (PaCO2 less than
      25 torr) or hypercarbic (PaCO2 greater than 60 torr) general anesthesia during
      carotid endarterectomy to test the effect of the two regimens upon the incidence
      of postoperative neurological deficit. An indwelling shunt was not used. One
      patient died, two have permanent neurological deficits and two have temporary
      neurological deficits. Although hypocarbic patients had fewer neurological
      complications than hypercarbic patients, the difference was not statistically
      significant (p less than 0.13). Hypercarbia significantly increased the incidence
      of intraoperative arrhythmia. Also, no relationship was found between the
      incidence of postoperative stroke and the internal carotid back pressure or the
      time of carotid occlusion.

PMID- 960167
TI  - Acute gastric changes in patients with acute stroke. Part 2: gastroendoscopic
      findings and biochemical observation of urinary noradrenalin, adrenalin, 17-OHCS
      and serum gastrin.
AB  - To investigate the relationships between gastric change accompanying patients
      with acute stroke and the function of the autonomic nervous system and pituitary
      adrenal system, studies on the gastroendoscopic technique and biochemical
      observations were done in 122 patients. The mean urinary noradrenalin and
      adrenalin excretions were elevated in patients with acute gastric changes,
      especially in patients with multiple erosions and acute ulcers. An elevation of
      the mean fasting serum gastrin concentration was found in patients with acute
      ulcers and no acute gastric changes. The mean urinary 17-OHCS excretion was
      increased in patients with multiple erosions, petechiae and acute ulcers. In
      conclusion, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and the pituitary
      adrenal system have respectively different roles in the production of various
      types of acute gastric changes in patients.

PMID- 960168
TI  - Pharmacological control of local oxygen regulation mechanisms in brain tissue.
AB  - The effect of several agents active on autonomic nervous system functions was
      tested on brain oxygen autoregulation parameters. It was found that atropine,
      propranolol and isoproterenol had no influence in abolishing the measured
      parameters. Phenoxybenzamine, tolazoline and dibenamine all suppress
      autoregulation. In an additional experimental series, a phenoxybenzamine infusion
      was given during O2 breathing. The infusion induced, in most cases, an additional
      rise in TpO2 (tissue pressure of oxygen, which refers to the partial pressure [in
      mm Hg] of this gas at the measuring tip of the electrode). It is concluded that
      an alpha-adrenergic mechanism is part of the autoregulation process. Also, the
      increase in brain TpO2 induced by 59% O2-5% Co2 breathing seems to be blocked or
      reversed by alpha-adrenolytic drugs, thus supporting the thinking that the effect
      of CO2 on cerebral blood flow is at least in part mediated through an alpha
      adrenergic response.

PMID- 960169
TI  - Prognosis of occlusive cerbrovascular diseases in normotensive and hypertensive
      subjects.
AB  - Comparison of the clinical features, especially prognosis, in cerebral infarction
      was made between nine normotensive subjects and 16 hypertensive patients with an
      80% stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial or extracranial arteries. Our own
      criteria for evaluating hypertension were employed on the basis of the following
      items: a past history of hypertension, blood pressure levels on admission and
      during hospitalization, degree of retinopathy, and ECG changes. In 17 of 25
      cases, brain circulation was measured by the intravenous RISA technique.
      Abnormalities of the EEG and reduction of cranial blood flow were greater, and an
      early prognosis for neurological deficits in the first two months after the onset
      of stroke was poorer in the hypertensive group than inthe normotensive group.
      These results are contradictory to the observations of others.

PMID- 960170
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic appraisal of a new micro T-tube.
AB  - A new micro T-tube, 0.6 mm in outer diameter, has been constructed. Use of this
      tube has allowed 1-mm common carotid artery (CCA) bypass ofr periods of time up
      to 22 minutes. After bypass, scanning electron microscopic observation of sutured
      CCA endothelium showed widespread destruction, scattered attached platelets and
      other formed blood elements, as well as microthrombi both at suture lines and in
      areas in contact with T-tubes. Despite microthrombi, 41 of 42 CCAs were patent
      after anastomosis. Silicone cuffs and 8-0 ties secured T-tubes inside vessels
      with no apparent difference in underlying endothelial destruction.

PMID- 960171
TI  - Prognosis of patients with unilateral extracranial occlusion of the internal
      carotid artery.
AB  - One hundred fifty-five patients (121 men and 34 women) had an angiographically
      verified unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion immediately after
      carotid bifurcation. The median follow-up period was 53 months. Forty-five
      percent of the patients were fully independent in the activities of daily living
      (ADL), 22% required assistance in ADL, 11% were disabled, and 22% died within the
      follow-up period. The mortality rate was exceptionally low compared with previous
      series. A life-table analysis of the material gave a 94% probability of surviving
      the first year, 84% the third year, and 78% the fifth year. Young age was
      favorable in regard to functional recovery, but it had no influence on mortality.
      The condition at the acute stage was the most important clinical sign in
      predicting the prognosis. The prognosis of mortality and functional recovery was
      poorer for smokers than for nonsmokers, and hypertension had no effect on
      prognosis. Cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease were found to be
      the cause of death with equal frequency in this study.

PMID- 960172
TI  - Prognosis of patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion.
AB  - The long-term prognosis of 78 stroke patients with occlusion of the middle
      cerebral artery (MCA) or its branches is described. The mean age of the patients
      was 44 years. The mortality rate in the acute phase was 5%. The acute and total
      mortality rates of men were higher than those of women (p less than 0.05). Life
      table analysis gave 94% probability for one year's survival, 84% for three years'
      survival, and 78% for five years' survival. Subsequent strokes were twice as
      common as cardiovascular events as the cause of death. Seventy-two percent of the
      survivors became fully independent in activities of daily living (ADL) , 27%
      required assistance, 1% was totally disabled, and 43% returned to work. Left
      sided occlusion was overrepresented in those who died (p less than 0.00(1) and
      those who returned to work (p less than 0.05), and right-sided occlusion was
      overrepresented in those who required assistance in ADL (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 960173
TI  - Vascular clips for the microsurgical treatment of stroke.
AB  - A synopsis of the types of vascular clips (malleable clips, screw clips, and
      spring clips) used by neurosurgeons during this century is presented. A review of
      the pertinent literature is included.

PMID- 960174
TI  - Pyramidal tract responses (PTR) during hypoxia and hypotension.
AB  - In rats with unilateral carotid artery ligation pyramidal tract responses were
      studied during hypoxia and during trimethaphan-induced hypotension. Observations
      on EEG activity during hypoxia suggest that unilateral carotid artery ligation
      produces a more severe perfusion defect in lateral portions of the hemisphere.
      During hypoxia and during trimethaphan-induced hypotension indirect PTRs
      disappeared first from the hemisphere on the side of carotid artery ligation and
      next from the opposite hemisphere. This was followed by loss of direct PTRs in
      the same order. Animals could not be resuscitated once the direct PTR from the
      non-ligated hemisphere had disappeared. Hypotension appears to be a late
      contributing factor in impairing electrocerebral activity during hypoxia in this
      study.

PMID- 960175
TI  - Coincidental multiple asymptomatic intracranial aneurysms and symptomatic carotid
      stenosis.
AB  - A patient experiencing transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIAs) was studied
      angiographically and found to have a symptomatic stenosis of the appropriate
      internal carotid artery (ICA) and three asymptomatic intracranial aneurysms. A
      therapeutic approach to this type of problem is discussed in this article.

PMID- 960176
TI  - Cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity in normotensive and hypertensive man.
AB  - Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 inhalation and voluntary hyperventilation was
      studied in seven normotensive subjects and nine hypertensive patients without
      clinical or angiographical signs of arteriosclerosis. Cerebral blood flow (CBF)
      was measured by the intracarotid 133Xe clearance method and calculated as the
      initial slope index. Three to five CBF measurements were made in each patient in
      the PaCO2 range of 20 to 55 mm Hg. No difference was observed in reactivity
      between hypertensive and normotensive patients, either during CO2 inhalation or
      during hyperventilation. The shape of the CBF:PaCO2 curve suggested a decrease in
      reactivity below a PaCO2 of 30 to 35 mm Hg in both groups. Above a PaCO2 of 35 mm
      Hg, exponential regression analysis yielded a mean reactivity of 6 +/- 2%,
      whereas below a PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg it was about 2%. The rise in CBF during CO2
      inhalation was not influenced by the intravenous infusion of a small dose of
      trimethaphan which blocked the concomitant rise in blood pressure.

PMID- 960177
TI  - Intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia: report of two cases, one with autopsy
      verification.
AB  - We report two patients with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) involving intracranial
      arteries. In the first patient the diagnosis was made at autopsy. Both patients
      were symptomatic from this disease and, in addition, displayed unusual hormonal
      abnormalities which may well have contributed to the genesis or evolution of FMD.

PMID- 960178
TI  - Aphasia outcome in stroke: a clinical neuroradiological correlation.
AB  - Fourteen aphasic patients with acute onset of thromboembolic cerebrovascular
      insults demonstrable by angiography or radioscintigrams who were available for
      long-term follow-up have been studied. Their aphasia evolution was compared with
      acute angiographical and radioisotopic findings, and the lesions shown by follow
      up computerized axial tomography (CT). Angiographical site of occlusion, evidence
      of early reopening of occluded vessels, and radioisotopic flow asymmetries
      including the "hot-stroke" luxury perfusion failed to correlate with aphasia
      outcome. Radioisotopic static images were more helpful by depicting lesion
      location and number but lacked the definition seen on the CT scan. The long-term
      CT scan by showing the size, location and number of lesions had a good
      correlation with aphasia outcome. Those patients with large dominant hemisphere
      involvements, either one large or many smaller lesions, fared poorly while those
      with lesser lesions did better. Bilateral lesions, at times evasive clinically,
      helped to account for significant aphasia residuals.

PMID- 960179
TI  - Letter: On the importance of the anterior cerebral artery.

PMID- 960180
TI  - Abortion research in Latin America.
AB  - Surveys dealing with abortion in Latin America have provided useful information
      despite problems in the collection and use of the data. Considerations that
      should be taken into account in designing abortion surveys and using the
      resultant information have been discussed here. Special attention has been paid
      to the need for a broad definition of "abortion" in order to overcome
      difficulties in gathering information about abortion in Latin America. Surveys
      have shown increasing incidence of abortion throughout Latin America in the
      recent past. In examining changes over time it is crucial to interpret clearly
      and carefully the summary measures of proportion of pregnancies ending in
      abortion and abortion rates per 1,000 women. It is also important to realize that
      the level and direction of change of the abortion rate depends on both the rate
      at which women are becoming pregnant and the proportion of pregnancies ending in
      abortion. Better survey design and techniques and more careful use of the
      resulting information will aid in the planning and evaluation of programs aimed
      at reducing abortion in Latin America.

PMID- 960181
TI  - The impact of liberalized abortion legislation on contraceptive practice in
      Denmark.
AB  - During the fifteen months following the 1973 Danish abortion legislation, the
      mean annual rate of induced abortion was 23 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 compared
      with a mean annual rate of 14.5 during the 15 preceding months. Though use of
      legal abortion has increased, the rate is not of a magnitude to suggest large
      scale abandonment of contraception. On the contrary, preconceptive fertility
      control continues to be widely practiced.

PMID- 960182
TI  - Induced abortion and contraceptive practice: an experience in Taiwan.

PMID- 960183
TI  - The influence of induced abortion on Taiwanese fertility.
AB  - Data on the outcomes of more than 15,000 pregnancies originating between May 1966
      and February 1969 were analyzed. The accuracy of the data was evaluated, rates of
      induced abortion and stillbirth were reported, and the demographic effect of
      induced abortion was estimated. The demographic effect was defined as the
      percentage increase in fertility that would have occurred in the absence of
      induced abortion, assuming no compensating change in alternative fertility
      control practices. Our principal findings were as follows: 1. We were unable to
      determine the completeness with which induced abortion was reported in the
      Registration Study. During the three years covered by the study, rates of induced
      abortion increased by 54 percent, reflecting a trend in the incidence or in the
      reporting of events or in both. We concluded that, in any case, the data for the
      final year of the study, 1968, were more complete than for the earlier two years.
      2. Age-specific rates of induced abortion for 1968 displayed a strong urban-rural
      gradient, being much higher in the city areas than in the rural areas. Within
      each urban--rural stratum, the rates increases monotonically with age and reached
      maximum values in the age group 40 and older (553, 436, and 374 per 1,000
      pregnancies for city, urban, and rural areas, respectively). 3. Estimates of the
      demographic effect indicated that, in the absence of induced abortion, the TFR
      for all Taiwan would have been 12 percent higher in 1968. Under the same
      assumption, it was estimated that the TFR would have been higher by 16 percent in
      city areas, 11 percent in urban areas, and 9 percent in rural areas. This
      urbanization gradient implies that induced abortion contributed to urban-rural
      fertility differentials. We estimated that about one-third of those differentials
      were due to induced abortion. 4. Estimates of the demographic effect were also
      made after adjusting the rates of induced abortion for an assumed level of
      underreporting of 50 percent. The adjusted estimate of the demographic effect for
      all Taiwan in 1968 was 19 percent.

PMID- 960184
TI  - Sudden loss of vision--(Part II). Lesions affecting the visual pathways.

PMID- 960185
TI  - Ocular therapeutics.

PMID- 960186
TI  - Intraoperative complications during cataract surgery.

PMID- 960187
TI  - Peripheral facial paralysis: diagnosis.

PMID- 960189
TI  - Otoplasty techniques.

PMID- 960188
TI  - Frontal sinus ablation and reconstruction.

PMID- 960190
TI  - The versatile Caldwell-Luc approach.

PMID- 960191
TI  - Surgery and thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 960192
TI  - Ear surgery in the institutionalized mentally retarded.

PMID- 960193
TI  - Teratoma of the nasopharynx of the newborn.

PMID- 960194
TI  - Otitic brain abscess: a case report and discussion.

PMID- 960195
TI  - Speech therapy for benign and pre-malignant lesions of the larynx.

PMID- 960196
TI  - Sudden loss of vision--(Part I).

PMID- 960197
TI  - African sleeping sickness today.

PMID- 960198
TI  - Tsetse control--present and future.

PMID- 960199
TI  - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in three population groups in the Republic of
      Mali.
AB  - Three different adult population groups in Mali were screened for diabetes
      mellitus by means of a post-prandial blood glucose determination. The prevalence
      of diabetes for the entire population sampled was found to be 1-4%. Diabetes
      mellitus was strongly suspected in an additional 8-4%. The prevalence of elevated
      post-prandial blood glucose levels was found to be the lowest (5-1%) among a
      group of Bambara farmers who live an active rural life and whose total daily
      caloric intake is less than 1,000 on the average, only half of it provided by
      carbohydrates.

PMID- 960200
TI  - Migration of schistosomula (Schistosoma mansoni) collected from hamsters and
      inoculated intraperitoneally in mice.

PMID- 960201
TI  - Letter: Observations concerning the parasitic load, duration of infection and
      clinical manifestations in strongyloidiasis.

PMID- 960202
TI  - Letter: The treatment of congenital trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 960203
TI  - Letter: Absence of haemosiderosis in a Gambian (adult) population.

PMID- 960204
TI  - Letter: Spurious human infections with Schistosoma bovis.

PMID- 960205
TI  - Letter: Zoological nomenclature in medical parasitology and entomology.

PMID- 960206
TI  - Letter: The Anopheles gambiae complex: naming the sibling species.

PMID- 960207
TI  - Letter: Custom and anaemia in infants.

PMID- 960208
TI  - Letter: Malnutrition: an unappreciated "at risk" group.

PMID- 960209
TI  - Letter: Circadian rhythms in Trypanosoma congolense.

PMID- 960210
TI  - Letter: Further studies on trypanosomiasis in Orang Asli (aborigines) in West
      Malaysia.

PMID- 960211
TI  - Letter: Cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Brazil: Lutzomyia anduzei as a major
      vector.

PMID- 960212
TI  - The use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis in immunodiagnosis.

PMID- 960213
TI  - On some late effects of early bilateral oophorectomy in women.

PMID- 960214
TI  - Chemistry and pharmacology of mazindol.

PMID- 960215
TI  - The management of wounds.

PMID- 960216
TI  - Peptic ulcer in Khartoum civil hospital.

PMID- 960217
TI  - The problem of burns in Central Africa.

PMID- 960218
TI  - Malaria eradication in Guyana.

PMID- 960219
TI  - Letter: Xerophthalmia.

PMID- 960220
TI  - Traditional and western medicine in Africa: collaboration or confrontation?

PMID- 960221
TI  - Simulium--the bane of the tropical world.

PMID- 960222
TI  - Observations on acupuncture.

PMID- 960223
TI  - Editorial: Blindness.

PMID- 960224
TI  - The distribution of human filariasis throughout the world. Part I. the Pacific
      Region, including New Guinea.

PMID- 960225
TI  - A tuberculosis treatment survey in Singapore: results at five-years.
AB  - A National Tuberculosis Treatment Survey was instituted in the Republic of
      Singapore in 1969 with the aim of evaluating the Tuberculosis Treatment Services
      in Singapore. This five-year follow-up study of the 1969 survey was based on the
      assessment of the first 1000 consecutive patients who were registered for
      treatment during the year. Two hundred and forty-six cases were excluded for
      various reasons, leaving 754 cases for analysis. At the end of 5 years, only 2
      (0.3%) were culture positive, 677 (89.8%) were culture negative, 48 cases (6.4%)
      had died from tuberculosis and 27 cases (3.6%) were lost. The most notable factor
      which influenced bacteriological positivity was lack of co-operation leading to
      interruption of chemotherapy. It is concluded that with an efficient organisation
      highly satisfactory results can be achieved by routine treatment services and
      prolonged observation of adequately treated patient is not necessary.

PMID- 960226
TI  - Biochemical background of some enzymatic tests used for the differentiation of
      mycobacteria.
AB  - The break-down of benzamide, acetamide, malonamide and allantoin in M. smegmatis
      was investigated. It has been stated that the uptake of liberated NH3 into the
      cells, favoured by the presence of an organic acid, occasionally results in a
      negative NH3 determination. This difficulty can be overcome by an increase of the
      substrate concentration from 0.8 up to 4 mM. All antoinase activity in
      mycobacteria can be demonstrated only by an NH3 determination, when all the
      enzymes necessary for the complete break-down of allantoin are present. Bacteria
      containing allantoinase but not urease will be negative in this test. Using high
      amide concentrations (4 mM) some doubtful results concerning the degradation of
      acetamide, benzamide, nicotinamide and pyrazinamide can be eliminated as could be
      demonstrated for different strains of mycobacteria.

PMID- 960227
TI  - Differences in biochemical tests performed on photochromogenic mycobacteria
      isolated from human sources.
AB  - The photochromogenic mycobacteria do not all belong to one homogeneous species.
      With a simple heat-stable esterase (HSE) test it is possible to divide
      photochromogenic mycobacteria into two groups: HSE-positive--strongly pathogenic
      strains; and HSE-negative--weakly pathogenic strains. HSE-positive strains are
      mostly associated with pulmonary disease. HSE-negative strains are seldom
      associated with pulmonary disease, but are often associated with renal disease.
      It is rather difficult to draw a clear dividing line between pathogenic and non
      pathogenic photochromogenic mycobacteria; and such a distinction probably does
      not exist in nature.

PMID- 960228
TI  - Observations on the reduction of the renal elimination of urate in man caused by
      the administration of pyrazinamide.
AB  - The urinary excretion of pyrazinamide, pyrazinoic acid, 5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid
      and uric acid were determined in a healthy subject after giving single or
      multiple doses of pyrazinamide or its metabolite pyrazinoic acid. The results
      obtained demonstrated that 5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid is a major metabolite of
      pyrazinoic acid in man and supported previous evidence indicating that the
      retention of uric acid caused by the administration of pyrazinamide is mediated
      by pyrazinoic acid. After giving 3 g pyrazinamide the urinary excretion of uric
      acid was maximally suppressed for 24 hours and partially reduced for a further 24
      hours. Prolonged exposure to pyrazinoic acid resulted in a net reduction in the
      urinary excretion of uric acid. The findings suggested that the degree of uric
      acid retention in patients treated with pyrazinamide-containing regimens could be
      reduced by giving pyrazinamide intermittently.

PMID- 960229
TI  - [Toxicity of plastics].

PMID- 960230
TI  - [A case of nasal myiasis caused by the larvae of the drone fly].

PMID- 960231
TI  - [Annual report for 1975: Refik Saydam Central Institute of Hygiene (Resamens)].

PMID- 960233
TI  - [Droppers for pharmaceutical use].

PMID- 960232
TI  - [Observations on patients with cancer of the pancreas and other diseases].

PMID- 960234
TI  - [Drug--excipient interaction in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms].

PMID- 960235
TI  - [Change in the hexokinase activity of the rat myocardial and skeletal muscle
      mitochondria and cytoplasm in fasting and on a carbohydrate diet].
AB  - Dynamics of the hexokinase activity was stuided in mitochondria and cytoplasm of
      skeletal muscle and myocardium in rats which were subjected to fasting for three
      days and then were given a carbohydrate diet. It is established that the
      hexokinase activity in mitochondria (especially in the miocardium) lowers during
      fasting to a less extent as compared to cytoplasm and is not restored when
      feeding on carbohydrates, evidently, due to different quantitative ratio of
      isoenzymes. It is shown that hexokinase from the myocardium solubilizes more
      easily that from the skeletal muscles.

PMID- 960236
TI  - [Effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial stability].
AB  - The mitochondria isolated from the liver of rats subjected to acute hypoxia (10
      km, 2h) are established to 0e less stable to the damage effect of incubation in
      the substratefree medium than the mitochondria of the control animals. A long
      interrupted adaptation to hypoxia as well as a single introduciton of p
      chlorophenoxyacetic acid diethylaminoethylamide prevents a decrease in stability
      of the mitochondrial structures which is observed in rats during hypoxia.
      Addition of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid diethylaminoethylamide into the incubation
      medium also inhibits the damage of the liver mitochondria.

PMID- 960237
TI  - [Monamine oxidase activity of the brain and liver mitochondria under the action
      of high-pressure oxygen on animals].
AB  - The monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity with tryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and
      noreponephrine as substrates was studied as affected by different conditions of
      hyperbaric oxygenation. Exposure of rats to oxygenation at 1 ati resulted in a
      75% activation of the brain mitochondria. MAO activity with norepinephrine and in
      an insignificant increase in the activity with the other substrates. Oxygenation
      at 2,4 and 6 ati decreased the brain MAO activity with all the substrates. The
      reduciton in the activity correlated with oxygen tension increase and with
      exposure time. The MAO 100% inhibition observed in some animals at 4 ati and ain
      most animals at 6 ati. In the liver the activity changes to a less extent than in
      the brain. At 1 ati it is somewhat increased and at 2, 4 and 6 ati it decreases.

PMID- 960238
TI  - [Pentosephosphate shunt enzymatic activity in the liver in its disordered
      innervation].
AB  - Partial denervation of the liver evoked the dissection of subphrenic vagus nerves
      and nerves of the hepatogastric duodenal ligament tissue stimulates synthesis of
      pentoses in the liver due to the oxidative mechanism and inhibits the process of
      unoxidative formation of pentoses. Three-four weeks after the operation one may
      observe a 72% increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in
      the liver tissue and a 29 and 21% drop in the activity of transketolase and
      enzymes, respectively, participating in metabolism of ribose-5-phosphate. The
      content of soluble proteins in the liver with deneravation is unchanged. A
      correlation is observed between these changes and those in the content of nucleic
      acids, an opinion is confirmed on the autonomous character of the oxidative and
      unoxidative phases of the pentose cycle.

PMID- 960239
TI  - [Effect of hypothermia and hyperoxia on the ammonia-glutamic acid system in the
      brain of rats].
AB  - The content of ammonia, glutamine, dicarboxylic amino acids and GABA was studied
      in the brain under 1, 2, 4-fold separate and simultaneous effect of hypothermia
      (19-20 C) and hyperoxia (3 atm.). A two-fold hypothermia of rats is accompanied
      by a greater increase of ammonia in the brain than a three-fold one. The content
      of glutamine under two-fold cooling is unchanged and under three-fold cooling it
      is twice as low as compared to its content in the brain of the control rats. The
      content of glutamic acid decreased after two-fold hypothermia is almost unchanged
      by the third seance of hypothermia. The repeated actions of hyperoxia also cause
      a considerable increase in the ammonia content but the dynamics of changes in the
      content of the nitrogenous metabolic products is contary to that in animals
      subjected to repeated seances of hypothermia. A simultaneous combined action of
      hypothermia and hyperoxia produces no additive effect on the system ammonia
      glutaminic acid.

PMID- 960240
TI  - [Fructose content and aldolase activity in the tissues of chickens under
      ultraviolet irradiation].
AB  - The effect of UV-irradiation was studied as applied to the content of fructose
      and activity of aldolase in the liver tissue and muscles of chickens and embryos
      obtained from eggs eight months after the chicken irradiation. It is established
      that the content of fructose and activity of aldolase in the tissues of 19-day
      embryos are approximately the same as in 40-140 day chickens. Under the effect of
      UV-irradiation the content of fructose in the liver increases in 140-day chickens
      and in embryos of the group under experiment, and it decreases in the muscular
      tissue of 80-day chickens. In the liver of embryos obtained from the irradiated
      bird the activity of aldolase lowers and in young chickens no essential
      difference is observed between the groups. The value of the ratio of the aldolase
      activity for both substrates in the liver of embryos and chickens of the group
      under study at the age of 40 and 140 days is somewhat higher than in the control,
      and in the muscular tissue it is lower (in embryos and chickens at the age of 40-
      and 80-days).

PMID- 960241
TI  - [Carboxylation intensity in the liver of birds of different ages].
AB  - Carboxylation intensity was studied in the liver of young and adult cocks, 14C-bi
      carbonate was used as an indicator of the amino acids, proteins and lipids
      turnover. It is established that the amount of dry residue in the liver tissue of
      the adult cocks is 22% higher and that of pyruvate and dicarboxylic amino acids
      is twice as low. The relative weight of the liver changes with age: in the 18
      month-old cocks it is 1.5%, in the one-month-old cocks, 2.75%. The maximum of 14C
      incorporation into the tissue, dicarboxylic compounds, proteins and lipids of
      young cocks in the in vivo experiments is at a shorter exposure of the isotope.
      14C removal from these compounds in the young cocks occurs more quickly as well.
      A higher radioactivity of the compounds under study in the adult cocks liver with
      prolongation of the isotope exposure is due to the effect of factors which are
      not related to the synthesis. The experiments established that radioactivity of
      proteins and lipids in the young cock liver slices is 6 times as high at 60
      minute exposure. The mentioned above evidences for a higher rate of carboxylation
      in young cocks as compared to adult ones. When interpreting the data of
      metabolism study by means of isotopes in animals of different age a corrections
      should be made for a change in the liver relative weight during the growth
      process.

PMID- 960242
TI  - [Role of the blood bicarbonate buffer system in the mechanism of fish adaptation
      to different levels of carbonic acid in an aqueous medium].
AB  - The role of a bicarbonate buffer system of fish (Cyprinidae family) blood was
      studied in their organism addaptive reactions to different levels of CO2 in the
      aqueous medium. The fish is established to prossess rather effective for
      maintaining blood acid-base balance. It permits the fish to endure for a long
      time essential fluctuations of carbonic acid concentration in water. In
      prevention of possible development of carbonic acid acidosis an essential role
      belongs to formation of bicarbonates as a blood buffer system stablizing pH is
      shown to be significant for preventing possible development of acidosis. The
      adaptation potentialities of Cyprinidae family permit them to endure an increase
      of CO2 in water and are determined by the ability of their organism to formations
      of bicarbonate and their retaining in blood.

PMID- 960243
TI  - [Effect of glutamine, thymidine and orotate on the nucleic acid content in the
      cell nuclei of the regenerating liver in sodium fluoride poisoning].
AB  - Sodium fluoride inhibits an increase of nucleic acids in the cells nuclei of the
      rat liver after a partial resection of this organ. Introduction of thymidine to
      the animals poisoned with sodium fluoride, contrary to glutamine and orotate,
      causes a sharp decrease in the amount of nuclei in 1 mg of tissue and
      normalization of the nucleic acid content in them. Changes in the mitotic
      activity may be connected with a disturbance in the normal ratio of the nucleic
      acids synthesis precursors.

PMID- 960244
TI  - [Separation of thiamine phosphoric esters on cation-exchange Saphadex].
AB  - A new method is suggested for separation of thiamine phosphoric esters (TPE) from
      biological materials. The aliquote of evaporated extract from tissue was applied
      to the column with Sephadex SE-C-25 (25X2.5), TTP passed through Sephadex with
      0,005 M acetate buffer, pH 3.8-4.0, TDP was eluated with 0,05 M acetate buffer;
      TMP and T--1 M NaC1 in 1.0 M acetate buffer. Yield of each phosphoric ester was
      about 100%. The method allows separating thiamine phosphoric esters without
      preliminary purification of charcoal. It may be preferable to determine the
      content of TTP in tissue.

PMID- 960245
TI  - [Open heart surgery in children using surface cooling and extracorporeal
      circulation].

PMID- 960246
TI  - [Endocarditis in patients with valvular prosthesis. Study of 11 cases].

PMID- 960247
TI  - [Bacterial endocarditis. Report of 19 cases].

PMID- 960248
TI  - [Echocardiography in bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 960249
TI  - [Transposition of the great vessels. Corrective surgery by Mustard's method in 5
      children].

PMID- 960250
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute valvular insufficiency caused by bacterial
      endocarditis. Insertion of a valvular prosthesis during the acute phase].

PMID- 960252
TI  - [Principles in the treatment of mentally retarded criminals].

PMID- 960251
TI  - [Editorial: Heart surgery].

PMID- 960253
TI  - [Pacemaker problems].

PMID- 960254
TI  - [The biomechanics of childhood pedestrian accidents (author's transl)].

PMID- 960255
TI  - [The seat belt as cause of a severe isolated rupture of the kidney (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 960256
TI  - [Leaving behind forgotten cotton swabs and compresses during osteosynthesis].

PMID- 960257
TI  - [Stability and strain of osteosynthesis of thigh and tibia in early mobilization
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 960258
TI  - [Tissue damage caused by metallic implants (author's transl)].

PMID- 960259
TI  - [The morphology of posttraumatic osteomyelitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 960260
TI  - [Pathogenesis and therapy of acute posttraumatic osteomyelitis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 960261
TI  - [Late complications of posttraumatic osteomyelitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 960262
TI  - [Conservative and operative treatment of multifragment fractures of the thigh
      (experiences with 180 recent adult cases, and results of 81 late follow-ups)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 960263
TI  - [Shoulder injury and axillary paresis (author's transl)].

PMID- 960264
TI  - [Critical examination on 395 total hipprostheses following a 3-year observation
      period (author's transl)].

PMID- 960265
TI  - [Scapular fractures. Conservative or operative treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 960266
TI  - [The frequency of EEG focus and ipsilateral hemiparesis following brain trauma
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 960267
TI  - [Epidural hematoma with fatal termination (author's transl)].

PMID- 960268
TI  - [Subcataneous spontaneous rupture of the long thumb extensor tendon (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 960269
TI  - [Injuries of the gallbladder and the bile ducts in blunt abdominal trauma
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 960270
TI  - [Blunt upper abdominal trauma (author's transl)].

PMID- 960271
TI  - [Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm: diagnosis, treatment, and late results
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 960272
TI  - [Kidney injuries (author's transl)].

PMID- 960273
TI  - [The respiratory function and clinical condition of patients after severe
      thoracic trauma].

PMID- 960274
TI  - [On traumatic perforation of the wall of the stomach with rupture of the spleen
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 960275
TI  - [Therapeutic principles in disorders of fracture healing (author's transl)].

PMID- 960276
TI  - [Excision of the talus in the treatment of severe ischemic deformities of the
      foot (author's transl)].

PMID- 960277
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome following Colles' fracture (author's transl)].

PMID- 960278
TI  - [Isolated fractures of the coronoid processus of the ulna (author's transl)].

PMID- 960279
TI  - [Bilateral volar luxation of the navicular and lunate bones (author's transl)].

PMID- 960280
TI  - [Sequestrating osteonevrosis of the finger after soft-tissue injury (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 960281
TI  - [Epidemiology of ovarian tumors in the province of Quebec, Canada (1962-1972)].

PMID- 960282
TI  - [Role of radiotherapy in epitheliomas of the rectum and colon].

PMID- 960283
TI  - [Information processing at the level of biological receptors].

PMID- 960284
TI  - [Hypoglycemic coma induced by absorption of ethyl alcohol (aporopos of 4 adult
      cases)].

PMID- 960285
TI  - ["Happy puppet" syndrome].

PMID- 960287
TI  - [Psychosurgery  and present-day ethics].

PMID- 960286
TI  - [Long-term development of pure operated mitral insufficiency].

PMID- 960288
TI  - [Mourning and its vicissitudes].

PMID- 960289
TI  - [Detection of cancer of the cervix uteri].

PMID- 960290
TI  - Influence of sympathetic nerve activity on renal haemodynamics and release of
      renin. A preliminary communication.
AB  - The role of the sympathetic nerve system is still unknown in different types of
      hypertension. The procedure used in the evaluation of suspect renovascular
      hypertension has been revised in such a way that renal blood flow, renal arterial
      blood pressure and plasma renin activity in renal vein could be determined prior
      to and after splanchnic blockade. A new divice-videovolumeter-has been used to
      investigate the blood flow. Some preliminary data are given.

PMID- 960291
TI  - Segmental arterial spasm in patients with total brain infarction.
AB  - An arteriographic investigation has shown that segmental spasm occurs in a
      relatively high frequency of patients with total brain infarction (12 of 30), and
      if spasm at the origin of arterial branches is included, the frequency is still
      higher (19 of 30). The phenomenon is possibly a sign of changed sympathetic tone,
      the pathophysiological significance of which is discussed.

PMID- 960292
TI  - Arterial venography of the dog's leg.
AB  - Good visualization of the veins of the leg in the dog were obtained simply by
      increasing the dose to ca. 2 ml per kg tissue weight of contrast agent containing
      282-300 mg I/ml. This is equivalent to the dose used in celiac, cerebral and
      coronary arteriography in man. Moderate increase in flow induced by injection of
      roentgen contrast agents gave some improvement in the visualization  of the
      veins. Infusions of bradykinin and attempts at reactive hyperemia did not improve
      the visualization of the veins.

PMID- 960293
TI  - Relation between erythrocyte and plasma lithium concentrations as an index in
      psychiatric disease.
AB  - In longitudinal and transverse studies, lithium was measured in plasma, serum and
      red blood cells (erythrocyte) of healthy male and female subjects as well as in
      patients of both sexes suffering from manic-depressive disease or schizophrenia.
      The results confirm that lithium in erythrocytes is lower than in plasma in all
      groups. The lithium concentration gradient between plasma and erythrocytes is not
      caused by a slow rate of diffusion through the erythrocyte membrane. The new
      result of the present study is the importance of sex, disease and age on the
      erythrocyte/plasma lithium ratio, which is significantly higher in female
      subjects with manic-depressive disease. This difference persists even during long
      term lithium therapy. Older female schizophrenics also have a higher ratio of
      erythrocyte to plasma lithium than males of the same age. The findings emphasize
      the importance of endocrine investigation in mental disease and support the view
      that plasma lithium in humans does not always reflect the intracellular levels.
      The erythrocyte plasma ratio may also be of value in revealing diagnostic
      subgroups within the classical psychiatric framework.

PMID- 960294
TI  - Changes of reactive hyperaemia after clinical bed rest for seven days.
AB  - As an indication of peripheral circulatory function reactive hyperaemia was
      studied in the forearm and calf muscle in 14 healthy young men before and after
      clinical bed rest for one week. Blood flow was measured after different arterial
      occlusion times with venous occlusion plethysmography. After bed rest peak flow
      values in the calf after arterial occlusion for 3 or 5 minutes decreased
      moderately (by about 20-23%) and significantly. Peak flow in the forearm
      decreased as well although not significantly.

PMID- 960295
TI  - Preoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in patients subjected to thyroid
      surgery.

PMID- 960296
TI  - Gastric evacuation and propulsive intestinal motility in acute afferent loop
      syndrome in the rat.
AB  - The acute afferent loop syndrome, i.e. occlusion of the afferent loop after
      partial gastrectomy by the Billroth II method, was produced in the rat. In a
      primary session a gastrojejunostomy with division of the pylorus was performed. 2
      3 months later the afferent loop was ligated. The gastric evacuation and the
      propulsive motility of the intestine were studied quantitatively, using an inert
      radioisotope. Both the gastric evacuation and the propulsive intestinal motility
      were considerably delayed in ALS, both in relation to the laparotomized controls
      and in relation to previous findings in mechanical intestinal obstruction and
      paralytic ileus due to retroperitoneal irritation or bacterial peritonitis.

PMID- 960297
TI  - [Kidney function test after partial nephrectomy (author's transl)].
AB  - A new method for testing the function of the kidney after partial nephrectomy is
      reported. By means of radioisotope renography, urography and radioisotope
      clearance ('single-shot' method) it is possible to prove the function of the
      single kidney. The clearance in regard to the size of the shadow of the kidney
      assessed by urography allows to estimate the specified kidney function. We used
      these methods in ten patients and we detected that the loss of function is more
      extensive than expected by the operative reduction of the kidney parenchyma only.
      The causes for this are discussed.

PMID- 960298
TI  - [Urinary continence after radical prostatectomy: the urodynamic proof of an
      anatomical hypothesis (author's transl)].
AB  - Prostatic carcinoma can be cured by a radical operation. In radical prostatectomy
      the whole so-called internal sphincter is removed. It is generally accepted and
      often proved that the external sphincter which is mostly somatically innervated
      cannot resume the funciton of continence. The postoperative urinary incontinence
      after radical prostatectomy is frequent and therefore the radical prostatectomy
      is not performed in many places. The problem of postoperative continence as well
      as incontinence after enucleation of the adenoma will be briefly discussed. In
      1966, HUTCH described the so-called 'baseplate'. It is a bundle of smooth muscle
      fibers, circulary arranged around the bladder neck, which are also responsible
      for passive continence. He proposed that a certain sphincter function can be
      achieved by a tubular anastomosis of this anatomical substratum with the distal
      urethral stump. We were able to prove this anatomical hypothesis urodynamically.
      A specially constructed double-lumen perfusion catheter enabled us to register
      the so-called functional urethra profile and simultaneously register a new
      sphincter pressure wave in the transformed 'baseplate' which was responsible for
      the continence. We could observe this new sphincter region in all continent
      patients after radical prostatectomy whereas in the incontinent patients it was
      absent. Since 1972 we have employed the procedure proposed by HUTCH and have
      performed 20 radical prostatectomies. All these patients have been
      postoperatively completely continent. We are of the opinion that undue restraint
      concerning radical prostatectomy is no more justified.

PMID- 960299
TI  - [Treatment of urinary tract infections caused by unknown bacteria (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The treatment of acute febrile urinary tract infections in urological patients
      has to start in most cases without knowledge of bacteria and their sensitivity.
      The results of 2,000 antibiograms and clinical observations showed good
      efficiency in initial therapy if combined treatment with gentamycin and
      cephalothin was used. Using recommeneded doses in permanent control of serum
      creatinine and blood-urea nitrogen, no decrease of renal function was observed in
      131 patients treated with this combined therapy.

PMID- 960300
TI  - The adreno-renal-ureteral sheath: surgical-anatomical study.
AB  - The adreno-renal-ureteral sheath is described, showing the continuity of the
      anterior and posterior leaves of the sheath along the entire length of the
      retroperitoneum of each side. The study is based on anatomical dissections and on
      surgical observations. Anatomical and pathological considerations are discussed.

PMID- 960301
TI  - [Experience with the Cryosurgical treatment of the prostatic diseases in 100
      patients (author's transl)].
AB  - Cryosurgery of the prostate should be performed only in high risk patients on
      which other conventional methods of treatment cannot be applied. 82% of the
      patients could void after cryosurgery without indwelling catheter. Cryosurgery of
      the prostate became one of the routine procedures in the treatment of the
      prostatic diseases.

PMID- 960302
TI  - [Lyophilized pig bladder as a partial bladder wall substitute (author's transl)].
AB  - Lyophilized pig bladder was used as partial replacement of the urinary bladder
      wall on 22 rabbits. This material is not suitable for this purpose. Lyophilized
      pig bladder shows no advantages compared to human dura as a bladder wall
      substitute.

PMID- 960303
TI  - [Grouping of urinary stones and exactness of analyses (author's transl)].
AB  - The composition of 1,327 urinary stones by X-ray diffraction is statistically
      analyzed, and the exact analyses are discussed. The representative test portion
      of the urinary stone is important to the result. A comparison of different
      results of urinary stones with that of other authors is only possible when we
      know the exactness of the method.

PMID- 960304
TI  - [Micturitional disorders in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Micturitional disorders in multiple sclerosis have often an insidious onset; they
      aggravate during acute attacks of the nervous disease and are strongly influenced
      by the general condition of the patient, the evolution of his muscular spasms and
      the therapeutical measures. This changing behaviour of the bladder makes it
      necessary to perform repeated cystometries, uroflowmetries and electromyographies
      of the striated sphincter in order to adapt vesical therapy to the evolutive
      stadia of the disease. Although good results are frequently obtained by drugs
      (sympathicomimetics, sympathicolytics, muscle relaxants, parasympathicomimetics,
      parasympathicolytics), by transurethral resections of internal and/or external
      sphincters and by phenolisation, we feel that urinary derivations remain
      indicated for some patients, especially in order to facilitate social
      integration.

PMID- 960305
TI  - [Clinical and genetic aspects of the horseshoe kidney (author's transl)].
AB  - The horseshoe kidney is a not so rare fusion anomaly of the urinary tract system.
      Clinical and genetic aspects of this phenomenon are shown in a case of familiar
      occurrence. Genetic consultation of the family must consider various inheritable
      possibilities and sources of this disease. The difficulty of an exact
      genealogical tree analysis is pointed out.

PMID- 960306
TI  - Disordered mental states in the postoperative period.

PMID- 960307
TI  - Preoperative cardiac evaluation.

PMID- 960308
TI  - Cardiovascular complications of urologic surgery.

PMID- 960309
TI  - Pulmonary management of the urologic patient.
AB  - Morbidity and mortality from pulmonary complications following urinary tract
      operations can be reduced by preoperative identification of the high risk
      patient. Pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gases are necessary to
      identify these patients and to delineate the severity of their pulmonary disease.
      Respiratory complications can be prevented in many patients with the proper use
      of pre- and postoperative chest physical therapy and oxygen therapy. Despite the
      most careful pulmonary management, some patients develop acute respiratory
      failure following urologic operations. Respiratory failure results from a
      combination of physiologic abnormalities which impair alveolar ventilation and
      oxygenation. Utilizing controlled ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and a
      physiologic approach to treating the underlying cause of respiratory failure,
      three fourths of urologic patients in respiratory failure may be expected to
      survive.

PMID- 960310
TI  - The hematologic evaluation of the urologic patient.
AB  - This article provides a framework for the hematologic evaluation of the urology
      patient. The discussion is based on an analysis of test results obtained from
      routine screening laboratory studies as the complete blood count and platelet
      count. The use of automated blood counts also provides quantitative indices of
      red cell morphology which facilitate the diagnosis of red blood cell disorders.
      To aid in categorizing hematologic disorders, abnormalities of the red blood
      cells, white blood cells, and platelets are discussed separately. In some
      circumstances where a disease process, such as bacteremia, alters more than one
      of the formed elements of the blood, this speparate analysis approach is less
      appropriate. Nevertheless, this division is generally useful in arriving at the
      correct interpretation of hematologic abnormalities. Within each category of
      abnormal test results, a variety of etiologies is listed. Elaboration is reserved
      for the entities commonly seen in hospitalized patients. For a more detailed
      discussion of the common disorders or for a more inclusive listing of the less
      common disorders, the bibliography lists a selection of useful references.

PMID- 960311
TI  - Fluid and electrolyte disorders in urologic patients.

PMID- 960312
TI  - Evaluation of function in the preoperative kidney.

PMID- 960313
TI  - Prevention and management of infection in the catheterized patient.

PMID- 960314
TI  - Pre- and postoperative renal failure.
AB  - The acute onset of oliguria and azotemia in the postoperative setting may be
      caused by pre-renal causes or intrinsic renal damage. The first step in arriving
      at a diagnosis is to review the history as noted above for clues regarding fluid
      balance, treatment with nephrotoxins, etc. The typical patient with prerenal
      azotemia will present with evidence of the recent onset of worsening of pre
      existing cardiac disease, renal or gastrointestinal fluid loss, or the
      accumulation of acites, edema, or retroperitoneal fluid. In the absence of very
      recent diuretic therapy, he will be excreting a scant amount of concentrated
      (greater than 400 mOsm per L) sodium free (less than 10 to 20 mEq per L) urine.
      The serumBUN/Cr ratio is often greater than 15 to 20:1, and their urinary
      sediment will be bland. In an occasional patient in whom these studies give
      equivocal results, additional help may be obtained with measurements of central
      venous pressure (CVP) or pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) and by noting their
      response to intravenous fluid loading. A rising CVP or PWP in the face of salt
      loading is, of course, evidence against prerenal azotemia. Patients with
      obstructive uropathies may be oligoanuric or polyuric-occasionally a
      characteristic alternating polyuria and oliguria is found (due to displacement of
      a stone or relief of edema). When oliguric their urine typically contains
      substantial amounts of sodium (greater than 20 mEq per L), is isotonic, and their
      OsmU:OsmP is les s than or equal to 1.2. Their urinary sediment will reflect the
      cause of their obstruction as noted above. A renal scan, ultrasound study, or
      infusion IVP are mandatory to rule out the possibility of obstructive uropathy.
      If these nonivasive studies are equivocal, one must consider doing a unilateral
      retrograde. The development of ATN usually occurs in the setting of hypotension,
      sepsis, dehydration, and with exposure to nephrotoxins. Most patients with be
      excreting scant amounts of isotonic urine containing more than 20 to 30 mEq per L
      of sodium. Their CrU:CrP is less than or equal to 20:1 and their urinary sediment
      reveals many epithelial cells and casts. Those patients with nonoliguric ATN have
      urine outputs which may exceed 2 liters per day. Despite this output they
      demonstrate a stepwise increase in serum urea and creatinine. Urine sodium and
      osmolality are not very helpful in this setting. Many such patients do have low
      (less than 20 mEg per L) urine sodium concentration and excrete isotonic urine.

PMID- 960315
TI  - Postoperative disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis.

PMID- 960316
TI  - Thromboembolic problems in urologic surgery.

PMID- 960317
TI  - The role of chemotherapy in the management of malignant urogenital neoplasms.

PMID- 960318
TI  - Medical aspects of adrenal surgery.

PMID- 960319
TI  - Editorial: Urodynamics of post-prostatectomy incontinence.

PMID- 960320
TI  - Hazards to bladder and intestinal tissues from intravesical underwater electrical
      discharges from a surgical electronic lithoclast.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that electronic lithoclast discharges produce effects
      resembling an underwater explosion. It was predicted that the shock wave produced
      by each discharge could damage nearby gas-containing gut through a mechanism
      known to be associated with underwater detonations. Effects associated with rapid
      oscillation of the vapour bubble produced could cause damage to the wall of the
      bladder. Investigation of lithoclast discharges in vivo on goat, and in vitro on
      sheep bladders demonstrated perforation of both. In vitro studies in the rabbit
      demonstrated the predicted greater susceptibility of air-filled gut over that
      filled with fluid. These hazards would be even greater in the ureter and caution
      in the use of electronic fragmentation of vesical and ureteric calculi is urged
      in the light of these findings.

PMID- 960321
TI  - Denudation of the urinary bladder mucosa in the cat by formaldehyde.
AB  - Chemical Stripping of the urinary bladder mucosa was studied in 38 cats using 5
      to 25% formaldehyde solutions. The contact time varied from 1 to 20 min. With a
      20% solution and contact time of 1 min, total denudation was possible without
      necrosis of subepithelial layers. In such cases, complete reepithelialisation and
      normal bladder dynamics were seen within 3-4 weeks after formaldehyde
      instillation. Signs of formaldehyde intoxication due to vesical resorption were
      not observed.

PMID- 960322
TI  - A morphological study of the prostatic lobes and the seminal vesicles of
      castrated rats injected with oestradiol and/or insulin.
AB  - The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and
      the seminal vesicles was studied morphologically in castrated rats following 21
      daily injections of oestradiol benzoate or protamine zinc insulin alone or in
      combination. Oestradiol benzoate was given in daily doses of 0.010 mg, protamine
      zinc insulin in daily doses of 10 IU. In the ventral and dorsolateral prostate
      oestradiol had an androgen-like action inducing epithelial growth and secretory
      activity in the epithelium. In the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands
      oestradiol induced an increased fibromuscular growth. Protamine zinc insulin
      induced growth and secretory activity in the dorsolateral prostate, while no such
      effect was observed in the other accessory reproductive glands. Protamine zinc
      insulin accentuated the androgen-like action of oestradiol benzoate on the
      epithelium of the dorsolateral prostate but did not influence on the increased
      fibromuscular growth seen after oestradiol in the coagulating glands and the
      seminal vesicles.

PMID- 960323
TI  - [New aspects in the treatment of oxalate lithiasis (author's transl)].
AB  - The causes of hypercalciuria and simple diagnostic criteria for the various forms
      of hypercalciuria are outlined. Indications, effectiveness, limitations, and side
      effects of cellulose phosphate are described. Emphasis is placed on the
      biochemical pathogenesis and classification of hyperoxaluria. The problems of
      measuring and controlling oxalate excretion in patients with hyperoxaluria and
      calcium oxalate stones are discussed. Succinimide offers a partly successful
      approach to the reduction of endogenous oxalate synthesis.

PMID- 960324
TI  - [Calcium and magnesium concentrations in "Healthy" and lithiasic human kidney
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Calcium and magnesium levels in the cortex, medulla, and papilla of human kidney
      from 32 so-called healthy patients and from eleven patients with calcium-oxalate
      lithiasis were determined by atom-absorption spectralphotometry. A positive
      calcium gradient with the highest calcium concentration in the papilla was found
      in all kidneys. Compared to the control group, that calcium concentration in the
      lithiasic kidneys was reduced by 50% in the papilla, but in the cortex and
      medulla, the levels were the same. A relative depletion of calcium in the papilla
      in hypercalciuria goes against the theory that the papilla is the main center of
      development of calcium-containing stones. The magnesium concentration was
      practically the same in cortex, medulla, and papilla, and no significant
      difference was found between lithiasic and healthy kidneys. These findings
      underline the central role of calcium in the genesis of calcium-containing
      stones.

PMID- 960325
TI  - [Intraoperative use of an image intensifier in coral calculus operations
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The applicability of the image converter in kidneys stone operations, and
      particularly in coral calculus operations, is discussed. A comparison is made
      with other X-ray methods and the advantages of an extended area of use of the
      image converter is presented.

PMID- 960326
TI  - [The bladder-stone punch--a new principle of visual lithotripsy (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Description of a bladder-stone lithotriptor which works similarly to a punch
      resectoscope. This 24 French instrument can be used in simultaneously with
      electrohydraulic lithotripsy (Urat I), i.e., stones of the size of a cherry can
      be simply punched, while all larger stones may be destroyed first by
      electrohydraulic lithotripsy and then cut into smaller pieces for removal with
      the punch. The instrument, with irrigation qualities and a sight like a
      resectoscope, allows a quick operation, so that lithotripsy and TUR of the
      prostate may be performed opportunely.

PMID- 960327
TI  - [Electrial aspects of transurethral resection with high-frequency currents
      (author's transl)].
AB  - With the help of electrical models the current-density distributions within the
      human body during transurethral resection have been measured for systems with
      various electrodes. The results lead to rules for avoiding mistakes.

PMID- 960328
TI  - [Gastrointestinal fistulae of the upper urinary tract (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of ureteroduodenal fistula is presented. The subject of gastrointestinal
      fistulae of the upper urinary tract is reviewed. These fistulae usually exhibit a
      sparse atypical symptomatology in contrast to fistulae of the lower urinary
      tract. Retrograde ureteropyelography proves to be the most helpful diagnostic
      tool. Removal of the involved kidney has been found to be necessary in most of
      the published cases.

PMID- 960329
TI  - [Development of an implantable artificial urinary sphincter (author's transl)].
AB  - Fifteen years experience with investigations of the neurologic aspects of lower
      urinary tract function has produced a therapeutic rationale that includes
      utilization of prosthetic devices in selected patients. Development of an
      implantable artificial sphincter evolved as a necessity for restoring urinary
      continence became apparent. The experimental design of animal models and the
      technologic methods in device development are herein described.

PMID- 960330
TI  - [Inverted urothelial papilloma (author's transl)].
AB  - Casuistic report dealing with the observation of an inverted papilloma arising
      from the pars prostatica urethrae. By means of the literature, clinical and
      pathologic problems of this scarcely known neoplasm, which was not delimitated in
      the German literature before 1963, are discussed.

PMID- 960331
TI  - [On the size of the male urethra. Consequences of transurethral prostatic
      resection (author's transl)].
AB  - More recently it has been claimed by some authors that a disproportion between
      the size of the resectoscope and the lumen of the urethra is supposedly the cause
      of urethral strictures following transurethral prostatic resection. For this
      reason the use of resectoscopes no larger than 24 F in size has been urged.
      Reports in the literature as well as our own investigations in connection with
      the transurethral resection by cold punch technique cast some doubt on the wisdom
      of this statement as long as other causes, such as thermal damage during
      electroresection, are not definitely excluded.

PMID- 960332
TI  - [Transurethral resection in patients with cardiac pacemakers (author's transl)].
AB  - Problems of transurethral resection in patients with cardiac pacemakers are
      discussed. Various complications caused by interference of cutting and
      coagulating currents with the pacemaker system and their possible prevention are
      pointed out. It is concluded that transurethral resection by cold punch technique
      has significant advantages over electroresection in patients with a cardiac
      pacemaker.

PMID- 960333
TI  - [Influence of anthraquinones on the formation of urinary calculi in experimental
      animals (author's transl)].
AB  - The growth-inhibiting influence of hydroxy-anthraquinone derivatives of root of
      rubia in various calcium offerings was investigated using a foreign-body bladder
      calculus model in rabbits. Following oral doses of glycoside-bound and free
      aglycemics a pronounced calcium-complex binding effect and a significant
      reduction in the growth rate of the calculi was observed. Use of anthraquinone
      glycosides to prevent recurrence of calcium-containing urinary stones is
      recommended.

PMID- 960334
TI  - On the structure and importance of the epithelium in the human ductus
      epididymidis (author's transl).
AB  - In the wall of the ductus epididymidis rosette-like crystalloids and in the
      epithelium three types of cells are to be found: round basal cells, pale
      cylindrical epithelium and dark cylindrical epithelium. The latter shows a high
      metabolic activity with lamellar rough ergastoplasm and low vesicular secretion.
      Apocrine separation of drops of secretion is seen only sporadically. The
      functional relations between these states, the possibilities of biosynthesis in
      the epididymis, and the maturing of spermatozoa are discussed.

PMID- 960335
TI  - Renal arteriovenous fistulas.
AB  - A review of the literature reveals that aggressive treatment of symptomatic
      intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas, whether by surgical or radiologic techniques,
      is generally indicated. The exception is those fistulas which result from closed
      renal biopsy since these usually heal spontaneously. The ultimate goal of any
      form of therapy is the maximal preservation of renal tissue. Methods of treatment
      are discussed, and a review of classification, etiology, incidence, symptoms,
      physiologic consequences, and means of diagnosis is given. A case of post
      traumatic intrarenal arteriovenous fistula with ipsilaterally elevated renal vein
      renin and hypertension, cured by partial nephrectomy, is presented.

PMID- 960336
TI  - Control of renal arterial bleeding after percutaneous biopsy.
AB  - Transcatheter arterial embolization is becoming an accepted method of controlling
      massive acute hemorrhage, including that secondary to blunt and penetrating renal
      trauma. Two patients with retroperitoneal bleeding postrenal biopsy and
      angiographically proved pseudoaneurysms at the biopsy sites had successful
      embolization without sequelae. Experimental and clinical experience with
      transcatheter embolization is reviewed. It appears that this modality is a safe,
      effective way of controlling renal hemorrhage.

PMID- 960337
TI  - Medical management of refractory hematuria in sickle-cell trait.
AB  - Hematuria secondary to sickle-cell trait has on occasion proved refractory to
      medical management. We have adopted a new six-drug regimen to deal with this
      difficult problem. Herein is reported our experience with this protocol in 2
      patients. Our results have been excellent, with hematuria clearing within twenty
      four hours. The drug regimen is used in an attempt to alter the conditions that
      are favorable for sickling in the renal medulla.

PMID- 960338
TI  - Nonoliguric renal failure after transurethral prostatic resection.
AB  - Six cases of acute nonoliguric renal failure following transurethral
      prostatectomy were studied. This condition usually has a milder clinical course
      than the oliguric type; but some patients will need dialysis and fatalities can
      occur. Although it is relatively rare, every urologist shoud be aware of the
      entity. The first clue is usually increasing azotemia despite a normal or
      increased urine output.

PMID- 960339
TI  - Clinical significance of serum acid phosphatase levels in advanced prostatic
      carcinoma.
AB  - This cooperative study was sponsored by the National Prostatic Cancer Project to
      determine the usefulness of serum acid phosphatase levels as a predictive
      indicator with regard to performance status, sites of metastases, response to
      treatment, and survival in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. The
      results indicate that survival was significantly shorter for those patients who
      had elevation of thier on-study (pretreatment) total serum acid phosphatase ler
      cent reduction of primary tumor mass, relief of pain, and acid phosphatase
      activity. No correlation could be demonstrated between serum acid phosphatase and
      performance status, site of metastases, and other criteria of response to
      therapy. It is concluded that this test as currently determined
      spectrophotometrically at this stage of disease and if employed alone is not
      sufficient to allow for total evaluation of the response of therapy. It is,
      however, helpful when used in correlation with the previously mentioned positive
      factors.

PMID- 960340
TI  - Urinary amino acid excretion patterns in cancer of prostate.
AB  - The excretion of urinary amino acids obtained from acid hydrolysates were studied
      by gas chromatographic analysis in 16 normal male subjects and 48 patients with
      cancer of the prostate. There were no significant differences of the most
      commonly excreted amimo acids in normal or patient groups or between patients
      with different stages of the disease because of the large variances of excretion
      within groups as a whole. However, with few exceptions, the patient group
      excreted isoleucine whereas isoleucine excretion was not detected in the normal
      subjects under the same experimental conditions. These findings suggest that
      measurement of the urinary  excretion of isoleucine may be a useful parameter for
      the early detection of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 960341
TI  - Prostatic tissue and fluid concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole:
      experimental and clinical studies.
AB  - The concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were determined in
      prostatic fluid and tissue of the dog after constant intravenous infusion.
      Concentrations of trimethoprim in both prostatic fluid and tissue exceeded the
      simultaneous serum concentrations, whereas the sulfamethoxazole prostatic fluid
      and tissue concentrations were much lower than the simultaneous serum
      concentrations. Prostatic tissue obtained from patients undergoing transurethral
      resection of the prostate also contained trimethoprim in higher but
      sulfamethoxazole in lower concentrations than the simultaneous serum
      concentrations after oral administration of these drugs preoperatively. In a
      patient with urinary diversion, trimethoprim was found in prostatic fluid in
      concentrations as high as forty-four times the simultaneous serum concentrations
      whereas sulfamethoxazole was found in concentrations representing only a fraction
      of the simultaneous serum concentrations. These findings lend support to the use
      of trimethoprim in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis.

PMID- 960342
TI  - Use of dantrolene sodium in external sphincter spasm.
AB  - In various neurologic and non-neurologic diseases inappropriate hypertonicity of
      the external sphincter during micturition may cause outlet obstruction.
      Heretofore therapy for these disorders has been surgical: pudenal neurectomy or
      external sphincterotomy. These procedures are not without complication
      (incontinence, impotence, hemorrhage). A medical approach to this disorder is
      therefore warranted. In a selected group of patients with external sphincter
      spasm diagnosed by concitant sphincter electromyography, cystometrography, and
      voiding cystourethrography, dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) therapy was instituted.
      Follow-up studies have shown this drug to be effective in treating this disorder.

PMID- 960343
TI  - Management of priapism by: cavernoglandular shunt.
AB  - Cavernoglandular shunt is a new simple operation consisting of the formation of a
      window between the corpus cavernosum and glans penis to establish drainage of
      trapped blood from the corpora cavernosum.

PMID- 960344
TI  - Hypospadias: results of surgical treatment and perspectives in management.
AB  - An institutional experience with the repair of hypospadias over a fifteen-year
      period is reviewed. The 119 patients treated surigcally serve as the substance of
      this report. Recommendations concerning options in surgical treatment are
      predicated on this experience and the contemporary literature.

PMID- 960345
TI  - Malignancy associated with horseshoe kidney.
AB  - A compilation of the reported cases of cancer in horseshoe kidney from 1895 to
      1975 is presented along with a comparison of the incidence of the various types
      of tumor involved from 1895 to 1966 and 1966 to 1975. An additional case of
      hypernephroma is added to the literature for a total of 111 cases reported to
      date. The increase incidence of both carcinoma of the renal pelvis and
      nephroblastoma is discussed.

PMID- 960346
TI  - Traumatic rupture of horseshoe kidney with partial ureteral duplication
      associated with supernumerary kidney.
AB  - The first reported case of traumatic rupture of a horseshoe kidney with partial
      ureteral duplication and an associated supernumerary kidney is presented. A
      review of the incidence, hypothesis of embryogenesis, associated anomalous
      development, and acute surgical management of this unique renal anomaly is
      provided.

PMID- 960347
TI  - Congenital varicella syndrome with genitourinary anomalies.
AB  - A female child, born at term to a mother who contracted varicella in early
      pregnancy, presented with multiple congenital defects. These included mental
      retardation, numerous skeletal anomalies, and absent uterus and vagina. Urologic
      anomalies included bilateral chronic pyelonephritis secondary to vesicoureteric
      reflux. This pattern of congenital abnormalities has not been reported
      previously.

PMID- 960348
TI  - Bilateral successive testicular cancer of different cell types.
AB  - The fourth case of bilateral successive testicular tumors of different cell types
      is reported (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma), and the English literature on
      bilateral testicular tumors from 1965 to 1975 is reviewed. The absence of direct
      organ extension or demonstrable metastatic lymphatic or vascular involvement
      points to the primary origin of these lesions.

PMID- 960349
TI  - "Infrapubic" approach for small-carrion prosthesis in erectile impotence.

PMID- 960350
TI  - Political challenges of 1976.

PMID- 960351
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma of prostatic utricle with osseous metastases.
AB  - Endometrial carcinoma of the prostatic utricle is a rare pupillary prostatic
      tumor arising in the region of the prostatic urethra and verumontanum. Since the
      first description by Melicow and Pachter in 1967, 8 additional cases have been
      reported. This case is the tenth reported, and the first in which metastases to
      bone have been proved by biopsy. Transurethral resection of the tumor with
      postoperative radiation therapy to the prostatic region and metastases has
      resulted in clinical improvement. The importance of accurate diagnosis of this
      neoplasm is emphasized to avoid unnecessary delay in the appropriate choice of
      therapeutic modalities.

PMID- 960352
TI  - Benign fibrous paratesticular tumors.
AB  - Utilizing the criteria of Goodwin, a case each of chronic proliferative
      periorchitis and multiple fibromas of the tunica vaginalis testis causing
      paratesticular tumors is presented and discussed. Both of these rate processes
      appear to be distinct and separate clinical entities, although they appear to be
      similar histologically. With increased awareness by those treating intrascrotal
      masses, these processes may be correctly recognized and more testes may be
      salvaged.

PMID- 960353
TI  - Case profile: renal angiomyolipoma.

PMID- 960354
TI  - Coexisting avascular lesions and renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - An analysis of 99 cases of coexisting renal avascular lesions and renal cell
      carcinoma suggests that: (1) a direct pathogenetic relationship exists in the
      majority; (2) the cyst-related carcinoma tends to occur at an earlier age; (3)
      angiography alone is not reliable for the diagnosis of an apparently benign renal
      mass, and (4) individuals with polycystic kidneys share at least an equal risk of
      renal carcinoma as the general population.

PMID- 960355
TI  - Intrarenal pheochromocytoma: preoperative angiographic diagnosis.
AB  - This report documents the angiographic, urographic, and tomographic findings in a
      patients with a pheochromocytoma within the renal capsule and separate from a
      normal adrenal gland.

PMID- 960357
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Principles of instrumentation.

PMID- 960356
TI  - Recertification of professional competence. American Board of Ophthalmology.
AB  - Recognizing the steady expansion of medical knowledge, the societal desire to
      ensure the best possible medical care, and governmental concern for verification
      of physician competence, the American Board of Ophthalmology is preparing to
      offer a voluntary recertification program for Diplomates of the Board who wish to
      establish current professional competence. Pertinent to this program,
      consideration is given to the rationale for periodic recertification, relevant
      actions by representative specialty boards and the American Board of Medical
      Specialties, and fuidelines for development of a recertification process by the
      American Board of Ophthalmology. These guidelines are set forth to provide a
      basis for study and evaluation by all interested parties. By  thoughtful, broadly
      based, and coordinated consideration, policies will evolve to serve concurrently
      the best interest of the general public and of the ophthalmic profession.

PMID- 960358
TI  - Pars plana virectomy. Preoperative evaluation.
AB  - We have outlined the essential considerations in evaluating patients for closed
      vitrectomy and have attempted to show the importance of each. In general, we
      recommend closed virectomy under the following conditions: (1) vitreous opacities
      showing no resolution after six months of observation, (2) vision which is worse
      than 20/200 but has at least light perception with accurate projection, (3) there
      is no rubeosis iridis or glaucoma, (4) ultrasonography, ERG, and VER reveal a
      functional retina and optic nerve, and (5) the benefit outweighs the risk of
      surgery.

PMID- 960359
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Microsurgical pars plana lensectomy.
AB  - Pars plana lensectomy, wherein the entire lens within the pupillary area (the
      anterior capsule, anterior cortex, nucleus, posterior cortex, and posterior
      capsule) is removed, is now a well-established technique. It is to be considered
      as a method of choice for the removal of presenile cataracts in patients under
      the age of 40, developmental cataracts, cataracta complicata secondary to
      uveitis, subluxated and luxated cataracts. Pars plana lensectomy of the senile
      cataract is limited to a grade 2 nuclear sclerosis on a scale of 4. The use of
      ultrasonic instrumentation via the pars plana in conjunction with vitreous
      instrumentation permits the removal of the grade 3 nuclear sclerotic cataract. A
      pars plana two-instrument technique is used for the extraction of the totally
      luxated senile cataract no matter how sclerotic the nucleus may be.

PMID- 960360
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Vitrectomy technique in anterior segment surgery.
AB  - Instrumentation and techniques developed primarily for vitreoretinal surgery were
      used to treat 20 eyes with an occluded or inadequate pupillary space and 5
      aphakic eyes with complications caused by formed vitreous in the anterior
      chamber. A pars plana approach was used in 19 eyes and a limbus approach was used
      in 6 eyes. In every eye an adequate pupillary space was provided and all formed
      vitreous was removed from the anterior segment. No intraoperative complications
      occurred. This new approach to selected cases of  anterior segment surgery offers
      several advantages over conventional techniques. A larger number of cases and
      longer period of follow-up are necessary to further define the specific
      indications and limitations of this technique.

PMID- 960361
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Vitrectomy treatment of vitreous opacities.
AB  - Twenty-one patients suffering from vitreous opacities caused by central- and
      branch-vein occlusion, sickle cell retinopathy, retinal vasculitis,
      endophthalmitis, hypertensive retinopathy, and uveitis underwent pars plana
      vitrectomy with the vitrophage. Intraoperative complications included retinal
      tears in two eyes with sickle cell retinopathy and tractional retinal detachment.
      Both were successfully treated. Postoperative complications were recurrent
      vitreous hemorrhage, hemolytic glaucoma, and corneal blood staining in a patient
      suffering from sickle cell retinopathy. Long-standing corneal edema was observed
      in patients suffering from endophthalmitis. Visual acuity improved in 95% of our
      patients and was worse in 5% of the patients.

PMID- 960362
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Vitrectomy in diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - In spite of the rather high rate of complications, it is clear that in selected
      cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with massive long-standing vitreous
      hemorrhage, significant improvement can be accomplished by pars plana vitrectomy.
      However, the number of eyes recovering 20/40 vision or better remains small (7%
      in our series at 9 to 15 months postvitrectomy), and consideration needs to be
      given to means to improve these figures. Whether vitrectomy at an earlier stage
      of the retinopathy can accomplish this is the subject of an upcoming cooperative
      study under the sponsorship of the National Eye Institute.

PMID- 960363
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Retinal detachment.

PMID- 960364
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. The role of vitrectomy in traumatic vitreopathy.
AB  - Debridement of the vitreous from perforating injuries can be more effectively and
      expeditiously accomplished with the aid of vitreous suction and cutting
      instruments than with conventional sponge-forceps technique. This technique is of
      great value as part of primary closure of perforating ocular injuries. In
      addition, trauma which results in (1) lens rupture with expulsion of the lens
      material into the vitreous; (2) massive vitreous hemorrhage with ciliary body
      laceration or posterior globe laceration; (3) retinal detachment with vitreous
      hemorrhage; or (4) retained reactive intraocular foreign body, requires
      vitrectomy. Because of inflammatory and fibroplastic changes, the earliest
      possible surgical intervention is recommended in these situations. Removal of
      lens material, reactive foreign body, or traction membranes, and early repair of
      retinal detachment may all be facilitated by new vitrectomy instrumentation.

PMID- 960365
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. The role of vitrectomy in penetrating ocular injuries.
AB  - Pars plana vitrectomy and related procedures occupy an important role in the
      management of perforating injuries. Vitreous surgery is particularly important in
      rendering retinal detachments observable and operable. The frequent
      postvitrectomy complication of delayed retinal detachment appears to be reduced
      with prophylactic encircling scleral buckle procedures. Although certain
      categories of injuries continue to carry a poor prognosis, earlier surgical
      intervention promises improved results.

PMID- 960366
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Removal of preretinal membranes.
AB  - Removal of preretinal membranes in pars plana vitrectomy is achieved with the two
      instrument technique by using a hooked needle or vitreous scissors, in addition
      to the vitrectomy instrument. Preretinal membranes are found in proliferative
      diabetic retinopathy, perforating injuries, and in retinal detachments with
      massive periretinal proliferation. Technique and results have been described in
      the text.

PMID- 960367
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Future horizons.

PMID- 960368
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy. Summary.

PMID- 960369
TI  - Ultrasonic fragmentation for vitrectomy and associated surgical procedures.
AB  - Ultrasonic fragmentation (USF) can be used to fragment various tissues such as
      the lens, the vitreous, the iris, and the ciliary body, so that they may be
      aspirated through a 23-gauge canula. Since the technique was first described in
      1973, it has been used in 148 eyes in a variety of conditions with encouraging
      results. In aphakic bullous keratopathy, the corneas and vision improved in 78%
      of the cases. Pupillary block was relieved in 100% of cases. Cystoid macular
      edema improved in 63%. Vitreous opacification from other than hemorrhage cleared
      in all cases, and vision improved in 71%. Massive vitreous hemorrhage was cleared
      in 86%, and vision improved in 58%. In massive vitreous hemorrhage and retinal
      detachment, the vitreous was cleared and the retina reattached in 80% of cases.
      In massive vitreous contraction, the vitreous was removed in all cases and the
      retina reattached in all (100%) of cases. In massive vitreous membranes and
      retinal detachment, the membranes were successfully removed in 100% and the
      retina reattached in 82%. Lens remnants in the vitreous were removed in 100% of
      cases. Secondary membranes were removed successfully in 100% of cases. Vitreous
      presentation in the anterior chamber, caused by a ruptured posterior capsule
      during extracapsular extraction or actual vitreous loss during intracapsular
      extraction, was treated successfully in 100% of cases. One case of medullo
      epithelioma of the ciliary body was removed but recurred twice after ultrasonic
      fragmentation. Complications occurred in seven of 148 cases (4.8%) and consisted
      of five cases of retinal detachment (probably because of lens material reaction)
      and two cases of epithelial downgrowth in cases where the wound was not closed
      with sutures. Ultrasonic fragmentation appears to be a fairly simple procedure,
      performed with a machine with no moving parts, through two 1-mm incisions and
      using two 0.6-mm cannulas, with a minimum of complications and encouraging
      results. It should be tried before more radical procedures are recommended. A
      good anatomic result was obtained in 129 of the 148 consecutive cases (88%). The
      technique is described and the results reported.

PMID- 960370
TI  - Release of anterior segment vitreous strands.

PMID- 960371
TI  - The natural history of senile retinoschisis.
AB  - The natural history of senile retionoschisis was studied by observing a series of
      193 eyes of 108 nonreferred patients who had no history of significant ocular
      disease, while refraining from the use of any form of prophylactic intervention,
      for follow-up periods ranging from 2 to 11 years. One patient at the outset of
      the study had double layer holes, which had already led to a localized
      subclinical retinal detachment that had been left untreated, and did not progress
      during observation for more than two years. One patient developed a small
      asymptomatic nonprogressive retinal detachment from an outer layer hole. Four
      eyes showed posterior extension, but in only one was this serious. Nine eyes
      developed new retinal breaks, one in both layers, but none progressed in extent
      of retinoschisis or to retinal detachment. Of particular interest were seven eyes
      which showed unmistakable regression, the retinoschisis disappearing completely
      in six eyes. Based on reported cases, an estimated computation is made which
      places the probable risk of frank, progressive, symptomatic retinal detachment
      resulting from retinoschisis at about 0.07%. Four indications for treatment are
      given which are considered justified at the present state of our knowledge.

PMID- 960372
TI  - Some observations on acute maculopathies.

PMID- 960373
TI  - Subretinal tracts in ophthalmomyiasis.
AB  - Three cases of presumed infestation of the human globe by the maggot of a true
      fly (order of Diptera) are presented. In each case, migration of the maggot
      through the subretinal space produced widespread ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein
      angiographic changes which are believed to be pathognomonic of subretinal
      ophthalmomyiasis. Despite extensive changes in the retinal pigmented epithelium,
      each of the three patients expressed few symptoms and manifested minimal visual
      deficit.

PMID- 960374
TI  - Retinal detachment secondary to retinal branch vein occlusions.

PMID- 960375
TI  - Round atrophic holes in lattice degeneration--an important cause of phakic
      retinal detachment.
AB  - Round atrophic holes in lattice degeneration are an important cause of phakic
      retinal detachment. Detachments due solely to round holes in lattice accounted
      for almost 2.8% of all retinal detachments treated at Wills Eye Hospital from
      January 1970 to August 1973. These detachments had the following important
      characteristics: 1. One of the patients were under the age of 30 years. 2. Over
      75% of the patients had refractive errors more myopic than -3 D spherical
      equivalent. 3. Inferior detachments were slightly more common than superior
      detachments. When located inferiorly, there was a tendency for slow progression
      as indicated by the frequent presence of pigmented demarcation lines. 4. Surgical
      repair with standard scleral buckling techniques was successful in 98% of these
      detachments. Young, moderate to highly myopic patients with round holes in areas
      of lattice degeneration seem to have a greater risk of developing this type of
      detachment. Patients with the triad of youth, myopia, and round holes in lattice
      degeneration deserve close observation.

PMID- 960376
TI  - Editorial: Individual credit for continuing education activities.

PMID- 960377
TI  - The Wendell L. Hughes lecture. Complications of ophthalmic plastic surgery and
      their prevention.

PMID- 960378
TI  - Treatment of acute eyelid trauma to prevent late complications.
AB  - A checklist for preventing late complications of acute eyelid trauma should
      include recognizing injury to the globe, preventing infection, and achieving
      proper coaptation of the wound margins. Recognition and immediate management of
      lacrimal, canthal, and levator injuries and occult orbital foreign bodies may
      prevent late complications that are more difficult to repair.

PMID- 960379
TI  - Nuclear lacrimal scan vs dacryocystography.
AB  - The lacrimal drainage systems of 78 eyes were studied by technetium scanning at
      the University of Iowa and, of these, 25 were also subjected to conventional
      contrast dacryocystography. Twenty-six eyes were asymptomatic for epiphora and
      normal scans were recorded on all of them. All of the remaining 52 symptomatic
      eyes had an abnormal lacrimal scan with either a presac or a postsac blockage. In
      general, there was good correlation with dacryocystography, with the exception of
      three cases of functional block which had a normal dacryocystogram. Technetium
      scanning should serve as a valuable tool for diagnosing and localizing lacrimal
      obstruction.

PMID- 960380
TI  - Socket reconstruction: what really happens.
AB  - Reconstruction of contracted sockets can be extremely difficult and may result in
      a number of complications. Adherence to certain contraindications in attempting
      socket reformation can avoid some of these problems. Complications of socket
      reconstruction as discussed previously are (1) infection and (2) recurrent socket
      contracture, manifested either by extrusion of the acrylic plate placed in the
      orbit or by eyelid retraction.

PMID- 960381
TI  - A profile of patients with intractable blepharospasm.
AB  - Of those patients seeking surgical correction for intractable blepharopasm, the
      spasm was more commonly bilateral than unilateral by a ratio of about 7:1 and the
      bilateral form was more common in women than men by a ratio of about 3:1. The
      unilateral disease had an equal sex incidence. The disease seemed to be the same
      in men and women. The median age of onset was 59 years old, and the median
      interval between onset of symptoms and surgery was three years. Most of these
      patients had seen many physicians, and all prior medical and surgical treatments
      had been unsuccessful.

PMID- 960382
TI  - The effects of differential section of the VIITH nerve on patients with
      intractable blepharospasm.

PMID- 960383
TI  - Blepharoplasty complications.

PMID- 960384
TI  - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
AB  - KCS in man is often associated with a systemic disease whose pathogenesis is
      still obscure. A spontaneous animal model resembling Sjogren's syndrome has been
      developed in the NZB and NZB-NZW mouse. Other spontaneous animal models analagous
      to lupus erythematosis and polyarteritis have been found in dogs and Aleutian
      mink, respectively. Studies of the eyes and lacrimal glands in such animals, and
      in dogs with distemper, should be pursued. A viral etiology is implicated in each
      of the models. The roles of both the main and accessory lacrimal glands in normal
      and KCS eyes have been discussed, as well as drug-induced KCS and opportunities
      for its further investigation and treatment.

PMID- 960385
TI  - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs.

PMID- 960386
TI  - Glaucoma in the beagle.
AB  - Glaucoma in the beagle is an inherited disease that is exhibited clinically in
      dogs of 6 to 18 months of age. The genealogy, clinical signs, gonioscopy,
      tonometry, tonography, water provocative response, and scanning electron
      microscopy of the iridocorneal angle of the glaucomatous beagle are summarized.

PMID- 960387
TI  - Congenital glaucoma in the basset hound: a biologic model.

PMID- 960388
TI  - Retinitis pigmentosa and allied retinal diseases: electrophysiologic findings.
AB  - The subnormal ERG can be used in young patients to establish the diagnosis of
      hereditary progressive forms of retinitis pigmentosa and to determine visual
      prognosis even when changes visible with the ophthalmoscope are minimal or
      absent. Different waveforms have been demonstrated in patients of comparable age
      with different genetic types. Defects must exist in the photoreceptors or
      pigmented epithelium or both to explain the reduced ERG a-wave amplitudes and
      reduced ERT amplitudes. Marked delays in cone or rod ERG b-wave implicit times or
      both reflect the wide-spread involvement of cone or rod photoreceptors or both,
      even in the early stages. These delays also have been recorded from the taurine
      deficient cat with nutritionally induced retinal degeneration and from dogs with
      hereditary retinal degenerations. Attention should be given to those animals with
      retinal disease that have electrophysiologic abnormalities similar to those seen
      in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and allied degenerations.

PMID- 960389
TI  - Inherited retinal degenerations in the dog.

PMID- 960390
TI  - Feline central retinal degeneration.

PMID- 960391
TI  - Retinal degeneration in the taurine-deficient cat.

PMID- 960392
TI  - Letter: Thickened corneal nerves.

PMID- 960393
TI  - Spiral migration hypothesis of cochlear duct formation.

PMID- 960394
TI  - Outer hair cell loss and alterations in glycogen in the inner ear following
      treatment with tobramycin sulfate.

PMID- 960395
TI  - Ototoxicity and the olivocochlear bundle.

PMID- 960396
TI  - Basal turn cochlear lesions following exposure to low-frequency noise.

PMID- 960397
TI  - An examination of an electrochemical mechanism for noise-induced hair cell loss:
      noise with amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA).
AB  - Pretreatment of guinea pigs with AOAA was found to reduce the incidence of hair
      cell loss due to noise exposure. Since AOAA reduces the endocochlear potential,
      we propose an electrochemical model as an extension of the Davis model to explain
      the protective effect of AOAA.

PMID- 960398
TI  - The effects of impulse level on the interaction between impulse and continuous
      noise.

PMID- 960399
TI  - Toxicity of ethacrynic acid in different blood PO2.

PMID- 960400
TI  - The blocking effects of pressure on the visceral motor (salivary flow) and the
      somatic motor (facial muscle) functions of the facial nerve.

PMID- 960401
TI  - The microfissure between the round window niche and the posterior ampulla.

PMID- 960402
TI  - An inflammatory agent in middle ear effusion.

PMID- 960403
TI  - Role of inner and outer hair cells in neural excitation.

PMID- 960404
TI  - Source and maintenance of the endocochlear potential.

PMID- 960405
TI  - The effect of hyperosmotic agents on perilymph osmolality.

PMID- 960406
TI  - Audiologic implications of transmission losses caused by tympanic membrane
      perforations in cats.

PMID- 960407
TI  - Tone burst electrocochleography in humans.
AB  - Using tone burst stimuli with fixed parameters of rise time and duration, a
      functional relationship has been demonstrated between frequency and intensity of
      the stimulus and peak latency of electrocochleographic recordings. The
      feasibility of a "map" of the human cochlear partition has been shown for
      frequencies above 2 kHz.

PMID- 960408
TI  - Pure-tone masking in the parakeet: a preliminary report.

PMID- 960409
TI  - Effects of sensorineural loss on hearing speech in noise.

PMID- 960410
TI  - Dynamic properties of acoustic reflex adaptation.

PMID- 960412
TI  - Interdependent dynamics of rhinoplasty: the cadavar revisited.

PMID- 960411
TI  - Auditory manifestations of Alport's disease syndrome.

PMID- 960413
TI  - Giant cell lesions of the jaws in children: a time for circumspection.

PMID- 960414
TI  - Tracheostomy in the first year of life.
AB  - Three series totaling 301 infants under 1 year of age who had tracheotomies
      during three successive decades are reviewed. The first series (62 infants) was
      seen prior to 1953, the second (86 infants) was seen between 1954 and 1963, while
      the latest series (153 infants) was seen between 1964 and 1973. A comparison of
      the three series with reference to etiology, incidence, indications, management,
      and mortality leads to significant conclusions. (1) The incidence of tracheotomy
      is increasing. More aggressive approach to many problems, previously considered
      inoperable, resulted in an increased number of infants undergoing tracheotomy for
      postintubation problems and ventilatory support. (2) The incidence of congenital
      malformations of the airway necessitating tracheostomy has remained constant,
      while the downward trend in the incidence of inflammatory conditions was
      reversed. (3) Infants in the latest series underwent tracheotomy, on the average,
      at a later age than the 1954 to 1963 series, largely as a result of the increased
      number of patients with cardiac anomalies undergoing corrective cardiovascular
      surgery and subsequent tracheotomy at a later age. (4) A review of the 77 deaths
      in the latest series again shows the death rate to be dependent on the underlying
      systemic condition which necessitated tracheotomy, rather than the tracheostomy
      itself. (5) The importance of temporary intubation to relieve respiratory
      obstruction in infants is stressed, while the significant laryngeal damage
      following prolonged intubation and delayed tracheotomy is apparent.

PMID- 960415
TI  - Choanal atresia--an updated approach.

PMID- 960416
TI  - Masquerades of myocardial infarction.
AB  - I summarize these observations in Figure 1. It represents every person in a
      hypothetical population who has myocardial infarction. A large but unknown
      number, some believe almost half, never get help. Mobile coronary care units are
      reducing this group, but so far only a little. When the diagnosis is not
      understood the disease is not recognized. Then come discovery and popularization.
      Hereafter masquerades hide some cases and the diagnosis is missed. Somewhere
      fairly early the diagnostic fad leads to false positive diagnosis. As new
      techniques are discovered, perfected and mastered, false positive errors and
      masquerades leading to oversights diminish but still exist. All the skill and
      technical virtuosity in the world will not be applied if we do not think of the
      disease. When we think of it, even obscure cases may be resolved easily.

PMID- 960417
TI  - Self-administered cardiopulmonary resuscitation by cough-induced cardiac
      compression.
AB  - Repeated rhythmic (every 1-3 sec.) coughs were documented to maintain
      consciousness up to 39 seconds in 3 patients developing ventricular fibrillation
      during coronary arteriography. The arterial pressure wave resulting from a cough
      exceeded that induced by external chest compression in 2 individuals in whom both
      techniques were employed and in 5 others treated by external compression alone.
      Cough-induced cardiac compression is self-performed, and compared to external
      chest compression is less likely to traumatize the chest wall or heart and can be
      performed in any position on any surface. It is recommended that patients
      undergoing coronary arteriography be previously trained to cough abruptly and
      repeatedly every 1-3 seconds.  The potential for utilizing this technique in
      other areas (i.e., CCU, home) is less favorable than in catheterization-induced
      ventricular fibrillation, but it might be employed successfully in patients with
      premonitory symptoms of ventricular arrhythmias or Stokes-Adams seizures. The
      prior training of high risk individuals (and their spouses) to induce effective
      coughing in the victim might be lifesaving.

PMID- 960418
TI  - Non-osmotic regulation of renal water excretion.

PMID- 960419
TI  - The Jeremiah Metzger lecture of The American Clinical and Climatological
      Association 1975. New genetic insight into old diseases.
AB  - With these three examples, examined in some detail, I have attempted to indicate
      new directions in medical genetics. Some of the recognizable generalities are the
      following: 1. With the application of cell culture techniques in the area called
      human somatic cell genetics, human genetics has become essentially an
      experimental science. Somaticcell studies have provided insight into genetic
      disorders that would not have been possible from studies in the whole organism.
      Even therapeutic possibilities can be explored. Somatic cell hyubridization has
      substituted for controlled matings in permitting linkage studies for mapping of
      the human chromosomes...

PMID- 960420
TI  - Histoplasmosis: twenty years experience in a general hospital.
AB  - This report summarizes the clinical and laboratory data on 57 patients with
      histoplasmosis, including 13 with progressive disseminated disease. The
      experience in general is supportive of that of others in that although infection
      with Histoplasma capsulatum is prevalent, clinical disease is uncommon and
      disseminated disease actually rare. The data again emphasize the limitations of
      diagnostic methods, and in particular point up the need to obtain cultures of
      biopsy material from mucocutaneous lesions.

PMID- 960421
TI  - Streptococcal infections, acute nephritis and rheumatic fever in Trinidad-
      further observations.

PMID- 960422
TI  - Mechanisms of circulatory dysfunction in orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 960423
TI  - Left ventricular performance in coronary artery disease by systolic time
      intervals and echocardiography.
AB  - Determinations of systolic time intervals and echocardiographic measures of left
      ventricular performance were made in twenty-five normal subjects and 37 patients
      who had convalesced from a previous transmural myocardial infarction. On group
      analysis the patients with previous myocardial infarction demonstrated
      significant differences from the normals in each of the noninvasive measures.
      Among the noninvasive measures the PEP/LVET and deltaD% proved to be the most
      sensitive indicators of left ventricular dysfunction. Deviations from the normal
      range in PEP/LVET and deltaD% occurred in 65% to 70% of patients asymptomatic for
      dyspnea and fatigability (20 patients) and in 85% of patients asymptomatic for
      angina pectoris (13 patients). Neither the presence of phonocardiographically
      documented S3 or S4 or the finding of an abnormal C/T ratio on standard chest x
      ray reliably detected patients with abnormal left ventricular performance. Among
      26 patients studied by coronary arteriography, abnormal left ventricular
      performance by PEP/LVET and deltaD% occurred in less than 30% of those with
      obstruction (70% or greater) of one coronary artery and in over 80% of those with
      obstruction of two or three major arteries. A close correlation existed between
      the level of left ventricular performance measured by the PEP/LVET and the
      deltaD% (r = 0.93). These studies document the high degree of sensitivity of the
      noninvasive measures and demonstrate their superiority over clinical methods for
      detecting abnormal left ventricular performance in patients with previous
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 960424
TI  - Blood gas disequilibria and exercise hyperpnea.

PMID- 960425
TI  - Valve replacement for aortic regurgitation: factors influencing results.

PMID- 960426
TI  - [Peripheral paresis of the facial nerve after administration into the ear of
      alcoholic drugs in chronic purulent mesotympanitis, and therapeutic tactics in
      these cases].

PMID- 960427
TI  - [Rare case of developmental anomaly of the facial nerve in a patient with
      otosclerosis].

PMID- 960428
TI  - [Morphological and functional heterogeneity of the external hairy cell strata of
      the organ of Corti in guinea pig].

PMID- 960429
TI  - [Arslan's method of osmotic induction and subsequent hearing dynamics in patients
      with Meniere's disease].

PMID- 960430
TI  - [Method and diagnostic importance of recording dynamic indicator of acoustic
      impedance of the middle ear - tympanometry].

PMID- 960431
TI  - [Hearing in patients with adhesive otitis media 5 to 11 years after hearing
      improving operations].

PMID- 960432
TI  - [State of the ENT organs in patients with congenital immunologic deficiency
      conditions].

PMID- 960433
TI  - [Allergic etiology of Meniere's disease].

PMID- 960434
TI  - [Criteria of presbycusis].

PMID- 960435
TI  - [Fibrous dysplasia of the skull bones].

PMID- 960436
TI  - [Vascular reactions of the nasal mucosa in allergic and neuro-vegetative forms of
      vasomotor rhinitis].

PMID- 960437
TI  - [Hemophilia and nosebleed].

PMID- 960438
TI  - [Importance of clinico-roentgenological methods of examination in detection of
      "latent" course of primary tumor in patients with metastases into the cervical
      lymph nodes].

PMID- 960439
TI  - [Otorhinolaryngological service to the builders of the BAM (Baikal-Amur Main
      Line) and perspectives of its development in the Khabarovsk territory].

PMID- 960440
TI  - [Treatment of chronic chondroperichondritis of the larynx in childhood].

PMID- 960441
TI  - [Directed action on the vocal timbre of singers by changing the frequency
      characteristics of the tract of the reverse acoustic association].

PMID- 960442
TI  - [Pelophonotherapy in chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 960443
TI  - [Protective effect of magnesium in sensitization (clinico-experimental study)].

PMID- 960444
TI  - [Study of distribution of Prospidin-C14 in the respiratory organs].

PMID- 960445
TI  - [Method of use of optical attachments with the surgical microscope in rhinology].

PMID- 960446
TI  - [Universal nystagmometric ruler for interpretation of the electronystagmographs].

PMID- 960447
TI  - [Resection and plastic surgery of the arteries in malignant tumors of soft
      tissues of the lower limbs].
AB  - An experience of the vascular surgery department with reconstructive
      interventions on large arteries of patients with malignant tumors of the lower
      extremities soft tissues, located in the zone of large vessels of the inguinal
      region, femur and popliteal fossa, is reported. According to the author's
      opinion, it is necessary to take into account the fact that in reconstructive
      procedures on large arteries in patients, subjected to massive repeated
      radiotherapy, there is an increased danger of occurrence of arrosion hemorrhage,
      extensive thrombosis of vascular grafts and arteries changed under the effect of
      ionizing radiation.

PMID- 960448
TI  - [Clinical and experimental grounds for the method of spontaneous respiration with
      difficult exhalation (lung inflation) in children].
AB  - Three methods of inducing difficulty in breathing out in spontaneous ventilation
      are described: by means of a valve attached to an intubation tube (I), with a
      polyethylene sac secured hermetically on patient's head and connected to a source
      of oxygen (2), and also with the help of a low-pressure chamber for patient's
      body (3). Experiments and clinical observations (40 therapeutic seances in 23
      children aged from 1 day to 7 years) have evidenced that this method is mostly
      more advantageous than artificial ventilation, it is highly efficient in
      treatment of aspiration pneumonia and pulmonary edema, also it may be used with
      prophylactic purposes following aspiration, artificial ventilation, in the
      immediate postoperative period, and after hyperbaric oxygenation.

PMID- 960449
TI  - [Obstruction of the vesico-urethral segment in children].
AB  - Within a 5-year period (1970-1974) in the Child Surgery Clinic of Leningrad
      Pediatric Medical Institute 63 children, aged from 2 months to 14 years (55 boys
      and 8 girls), were treated for the obstruction of the vesico-urethral segment. It
      is believed that timely performed surgical removal of the obstruction with
      simultaneous resection if a non-functioning kidney with the phenomena of vesico
      urethral reflux allows an effective treatment of secondary pyelonephritis.

PMID- 960450
TI  - [Importance of structural characteristics of the esophagus and tracheo-esophageal
      fistula in surgical treatment of esophageal atresia in newborn infants].
AB  - The anatomical structure of the upper and lower segments of the esophagus and
      tracheoesophageal fistula in esophageal atresia in newborn in newborn infants
      conditions the clinical picture, character of surgical intervention and
      postoperative course. The gravity of pneumonic changes in the lung is dependent
      not only on terms of child's admission, but also on the width of esophagotracheal
      fistula, while bifurcation fistulas, sometimes, cause diagnostic erros.

PMID- 960451
TI  - [Pellegrini-Stieda disease (shadow)].
AB  - The Pellegrini-Stied disease (shadow) (calcification periarthritis of the knee)
      is characterized by the presence of ossification of the medial condyl of the
      femur. The author's observations of 51 patients (sportsmen) suffering this lesion
      are described. The methods of conservative and operative treatment and the
      results obtained are reported.

PMID- 960452
TI  - [Remote results of treatment of injuries of large arteries of the limbs].
AB  - The results of treatment of 115 patients with vascular injuries were studied
      within the terms from 3 to 20 years after the operation. In 7 patients the
      vessels were ligated, in the remainder--repaired. The functional state of the
      extremity and blood vessels was studied using oscillo- and rheography,
      angiography, ergometry and other methods. In 81 patients (70.5%) the extremity
      function was normal, in 24 (20.8%)--moderately restricted, and in 10 (8.7%)-
      poor.

PMID- 960453
TI  - [Ligation of the brachiocephalic vein and thoracic duct in knife wounds].

PMID- 960454
TI  - [Gangrenous-perforative cholecystitis after burns].

PMID- 960455
TI  - [Traumatic intramural hematoma of the duodenum].

PMID- 960456
TI  - [Diagnostic errors in diaphragmatic hernia].

PMID- 960458
TI  - [Trichobezoar of the stomach].

PMID- 960457
TI  - [Rare complication of penetrating gastric ulcer].

PMID- 960459
TI  - [Isolated lymphogranulomatosis of the stomach].

PMID- 960460
TI  - [Microclots of perfusion mixtures during open heart surgery with artificial
      circulation].
AB  - During 9 experimental and 93 clinical operations on the open heart under
      circulatory bypass the authors studied microclots of multicomponent perfusion
      mixtures. They observed an increased number of microclots after infusion of high
      molecular plasma-substituting solutions and long-term intraapparatus
      recirculation. During the bypass there was an increased number of microclots in
      the "machine-patient" system. The complex of measures suggested by the authors
      contributes to a delay in additional formation of microclots during the perfusion
      and also reduces the number of posttransfusion complications.

PMID- 960461
TI  - [Rare case of bilateral symmetrical strangulation of popliteal arteries].

PMID- 960462
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of postoperative broncho-pulmonary complications with
      ultrasonic aerosols].
AB  - The method and results of applying ultrasonic aerosols in 485 patients, operated
      upon on abdominal organs, are presented. Ultrasonic aerosols were included in the
      complex of prophylactic and therapeutic measures in the postoperative period.
      Prophylactic measures were started immediately after patient's being returned
      from the operating room. Special attention was given to patients in whom
      ventilatory disturbances developed during anesthesia, to patients with obesity,
      chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pneumosclerosis and also those, who negated the
      rationality of prophylactic measures. The use of finely dispersed aerosols after
      the method suggested by the authors allowed a 6 times reduction in the incidence
      of pulmonary complications and more than twice shortening of the postoperative
      pneumonia course.

PMID- 960463
TI  - [Function of the lungs after tracheo-bronchial resections].
AB  - Experimentally on 20 dogs, using the method of xenon-133 radiography, angiopneumo
      and bronchography the lung function was studied after tracheobronchial
      resections, performed in young ages. The pulmonary function was not found to be
      appreciably changed, the observed alterations are of a compensatory character.

PMID- 960464
TI  - [Age aspects of remote outcome of acute lung suppuration].
AB  - Among 375 patients (adults and children) having acute suppurative processes in
      the lung, treated conservatively, 165 were examined in later terms up to 15
      years, using modern bronchological methods, considerable changes being revealed
      in 66.2%: residual cavities, chronic abscesses, bronchitis deformans and
      bronchiectases. In children suppuration in the lung showed a more grave course,
      but reparative processes were much better pronounced. The studies conducted
      allowed a conclusion on the rationality of widening indications to radical
      surgical treatment in adult patients and the necessity of a dispensary control
      over children and adult patients, including those discharged with a recovery.

PMID- 960465
TI  - [Surgical treatment of aortic coarctation in adults].
AB  - During a 18-year period the authors operated 305 patients with aortic
      coarctation, the mortality being 2.2%. Sixty three patients (20.6%) aged from 20
      to 40 years were operated upon with the mortality in 7.9%. A direct anastomosis
      of the aorta was constructed in 31 patients, alloprosthesis of the aorta was
      employed in 23 cases, indirect isthmoplasty--in 8 cases, in one case an aortic
      prosthesis was replaced. The most frequent intra- and postoperative complication
      was intrapleural hemorrhage. In estimating the efficacy of surgery within the
      terms up to 14 years the best results were obtained after an end-to-end
      anastomosis.

PMID- 960466
TI  - [Measurement of thoracic complex electrical resistance (impedance)].
AB  - Experimental grounds for using clinically the chest impedence recording are
      presented. The method allows recording of ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters
      mainly in the minor circulatory circuit under conditions of surgery on thoracic
      organs and postoperatively, as well.

PMID- 960467
TI  - [Functional state and structure of gastric mucosa in patients with ulcer disease
      after vagotomy and pyloroplasty].
AB  - 107 patients were examined in different terms after vagotomy (up to 6 years)
      performed for ulcerous disease of the duodenum, 43 of them--prior to and after
      the operation. It is found that the suppression of the acid- and enzyme secretory
      function of the stomach is not related to the development of the mucosa atrophy,
      but it is conditioned by eliminating the resolving role of vagus nerves and by a
      reduced sensitivity of fundic glands to humoral stimuli.

PMID- 960468
TI  - [Large stump of the cystic duct].
AB  - The authors concluded that a large stump of the gall-bladder duct is of no
      independent importance as a cause of the affection. However, concretions may be
      formed in the stump, that was evident in three cases, therefore, the gall duct
      stump should be no more than 0.5 cm.

PMID- 960469
TI  - [Benzoylarginine amidase activity of blood serum and plasma in acute
      pancreatitis].
AB  - In 40 patients with acute pancreatitis, examined 3-2 and 18-24 hours following
      the onset of the disease, benzoylarginine-amidase activity in blood serum and
      plasma was determined, as well as the activity of lipase and amylase in blood
      serum. A correlative dependence was found between the activity of amylase and
      lipase in blood serum, the activity of amylase in blood serum and trypsin-like
      activity in blood plasma of patients investigated in different time.

PMID- 960470
TI  - [Perforative peritonitis as a complication of abdominal tuberculosis].
AB  - In the paper, data on 502 patients with abdominal tuberculosis are reported,
      including 21--with perforative peritonitis due to the perforation of tuberculous
      intestinal ulcers. In its manifestations perforative peritonitis may show a
      latent or "an acute abdomen" course. Among 12 operated patients there were 5
      lethal issues. Such high postoperative mortality is accounted for late terms of
      establishing the correct diagnosis and admission of patients in a poor and
      hopeless condition.

PMID- 960471
TI  - [Evaluation of the changes of natural resistance in patients with diffuse
      peritonitis].
AB  - A suppression of humoral and cell mechanisms of natural nonspecific resistance
      was found in patients with diffuse peritonitis. A considerable degranulation of
      basophilic leucocytes was indicated by the direct Shelley reaction, that
      evidences alterations in the functional state of these cells. Postoperatively,
      there is a break in restoration of the activity of properdine and its cofactors,
      and a considerable suppression of the phagocytic capacity of microphages is
      noted, that leads inevitably to a reduction of immune reactivity.

PMID- 960472
TI  - [Extraorganic forms of abdominal localization of echinococcosis].
AB  - The author has analysed 66 pateints (5.4% of all cases of the disease) with
      extraorganic abdominal echinococcosis. The forms of retroperitoneal (lumbar,
      pelvic, mesenteric and omental) and intraperitoneal echinococcosis (primary
      cystic and adhesive-disseminated) are differentiated. The problems of diagnosis,
      the differential diagnosis and selection of an appropriate therapy are discussed.
      The mortality in multiple and associated affections was within the range of 10
      per cent.

PMID- 960473
TI  - [Disorders and correction of lymph outflow in chronic venous insufficiency of the
      lower limbs].
AB  - An analysis of 176 lymphograms, made in 102 patients with venous pathology of the
      lower extremities, is presented. In 14 of them varicosity in a decompensation
      stage, an uncomplicated form, in 32--varicosity in a decompensation stage, a
      complicated form, in 20--postthrombotic disease of an edematous and algesic form,
      in 36--an edematous-ulcerous form. The duration of the disease was from 3 to 25
      years. It was found that the depth of changes in the lymphatic system was
      dependent on the rate of decompensation in the venous one.

PMID- 960474
TI  - [Reconstructive operations in post-thrombophlebitis syndrome of the pelvis and
      the lower limbs].
AB  - Based on the analysis of serial phlebograms (in 155 patients),
      kinematophlebograms (in 51 patients) and operative findings (in 42 patients), the
      authors differentiate 7 types of localization of venous occlusions of the lower
      extremities and pelvis in post-thrombophlebitic syndrome. The suggested
      classification is an aid in selecting the technic of surgical intervention.
      Further, the authors share their experience with reconstructive operations on the
      venous system in postthrombophlebitic syndrome of the lower extremities in 40
      patients.

PMID- 960475
TI  - [Characteristics of disorders of body functions in post-thrombophlebitic
      disease].
AB  - 397 patients with chronic diseases of the extremities veins were examined, 256 of
      them suffered postthrombophlebitic disease. Along with the general clinical
      examination special investigations were conducted: ECG under orthostatic stress
      conditions, test tube and instrumental auto-coagulograms, thromboelastograms,
      biomicroscopy of the anterior ocular segment, studies of the intraocular
      pressure, ocular fundus, rheovasography, skin thermometry, oscillometry (with
      nitroglycerin stress), the extremity volume under orthostatic stress conditions,
      myography, non-contrast roentgenography of the lower extremities, and also the
      phenomenon of intradermal diffusion and pheblography. It was found that with the
      progress of postthrombophlebitis trophic disorders are observed in all tissues of
      the involved extremity. Postthrombophlebitic disease is associated not only with
      local involvement of vessels, but also with functional disturbances of other
      organs.

PMID- 960476
TI  - [Surgical treatment of congenital hemolytic anemia in children].
AB  - In the paper, an experience with surgical treatment of 67 children suffering
      inherited spherocytosis is summarized. In most patients the first signs of the
      disease appeared in early age. It is concluded that splenectomy is indicated in
      all children with inherited spherocytosis irrespective of the form of the disease
      at the age from 3 to 5 years. In a grave course and the appearance of signs of
      functional hepatic insufficiency the operation should be accomplished as earlier
      as posisble.

PMID- 960477
TI  - [Abscess of the left hepatic lobe in a 6-year-old child].

PMID- 960478
TI  - [Caliber of a small evaporator UNA-1 and UNAP-2 for conduction of fluothane and
      chloroform anesthesia in children].

PMID- 960479
TI  - [Parellel blood circulation with oxygenation of blood in severe poisoning with
      carbon monoxide fumes].
AB  - The authors present an analysis of treatment in 141 patients with acute
      carboxyhemoglobinemia, in 110 of them severe intoxication was noted. All these
      patients were treated taking into account the degree of intoxication, the period
      of time elapsed since the moment of the intoxication till the onset of therapy,
      and the presence of biochemical shifts in blood. In 31 patients being in an
      extremely poor comatous state with considerable disorders in gas balance,
      persistant hemodynamic disturbances and manifest humoral shifts a parallel
      perfusion with extracorporeal oxygenation of blood was performed with medical
      drug therapy in the background. The immediate effect was found to be quite
      favourable, however, 19 patients died in different terms as a result of
      subsequent complications, most frequently due to pneumonia and
      meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 960480
TI  - [Erroneously created arteriovenous fistula in reconstruction of injured brachial
      artery].

PMID- 960481
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery in ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the thoraco-abdominal
      aorta].

PMID- 960482
TI  - [Surgical treatment of multiple arterial occlusions].

PMID- 960484
TI  - [Extraperitoneal ruptures of the gallbladder].

PMID- 960483
TI  - [Ileus of the greater omentum].

PMID- 960485
TI  - [Case of foreign body in the choledochus].

PMID- 960486
TI  - [Needle for puncture biopsy of the liver].

PMID- 960487
TI  - [Use of biological antiseptic tampon (BAT) for treatment of infected wounds and
      fistulas after abdominal surgery].
AB  - In the paper, based on the experience with the treatment of 42 patients having
      extensive purulent wounds and fistulas, the use of a biologial antiseptic tampon
      (BAT) for treatment of persistantly unhealing wounds and fistulas after various
      abdominal operations is discussed. The mechanism of BAT therapeutic effect, the
      method of its application and the results of treatment are described.

PMID- 960488
TI  - [Accessory artificial circulation in complex treatment of experimental acute
      toxic pulmonary edema].
AB  - In experiments on 50 dogs with toxic acute edema of the lung, induced with
      intravenous injection of 0.1% silver nitrate, the authors have studied the
      efficacy of accessory artificial circulation and "conservative" therapy. During
      the perfusion a discharge of the right portions, adequate extracorporeal gas
      metabolism, normalization of blood gas and acid-base balance were noted; an
      intensity of pulmonary edema is descreased. An intensive therapy for pulmonary
      edema was found to be more effective in association of "conservative" treatment
      with venoarterial perfusion and blood oxygenation.

PMID- 960489
TI  - [Early adhesive intestinal obstruction].
AB  - In the paper, on the basis of 54 observations the incidence of early adhesive
      intestinal obstruction, its diagnosis and operative treatment are discussed. In
      case of jejunal overfilling a modified I. D. Zhitnjuk enterostomy is recommended,
      the lessens the danger of the operative wound contamination, accelerates an
      insertion of a drainage tube in the intestinal lumen and provides an opportunity
      to accomplish continuous suction both during the process of intestinal drainage
      and in the postoperative period.

PMID- 960490
TI  - [Dialectics of the objective and subjective in the diagnosis of diseases].
AB  - The reader's attention is drawn to the fact that the dialectics of the objective
      and subjective in the cognition process is one of the most important and
      "enternal" philosophic problems. At each historical step of development of the
      science and public practice, in each sphere or cognition activity the former is
      of a definite specificity. It is the authors' opinion that the same is fully
      refered to such complicated field of cognition as the diagnosis of diseases.

PMID- 960491
TI  - [Surgical importance of the topography of the vessels and bile ducts in the
      hepatic portal in case of their atypical branching and formation].
AB  - The portal triad was studied on 100 specimens of porta hepatis, using the methods
      of preparation, roentgenography and corrosion. An unusual origin of hepatic
      arteries was observed in 36%, atypical formation of bile ducts--in 33%, and a
      specific branching of the portal vein--in 15%. Different variants of vessels and
      bile ducts related with their specific development can be intercombined. Due to
      it, during surgical procedures in the region of porta hepatis it is necessary to
      bear in mind not only an atypical structure of each element of the Glisson
      system, but also the possibility of frequent combination of their different
      variants.

PMID- 960492
TI  - [Functional morphology of the liver in obstructive jaundice].
AB  - The conducted clinico-experimental study (an investigation of the functional and
      morphological state of the liver in impaired bile outflow) indicated different
      compensatory reactions. It is the authors' opinion that bile congestion in the
      liver is accompanied with proliferation of bile ducts; a damaging effect of bile
      components, in the first place bilious acids, is manifested in pericholangitis,
      periductal fibrosis and later in the development of biliary cirrhosis;
      alterations of the parenchyma occur secondarily also as a result of the toxic
      effect of bilous components and show a focal character.

PMID- 960493
TI  - [Perforation of hydatid cysts of the liver into the abdominal cavity].
AB  - Perforation of hydatid hepatic cysts in the abdominal cavity was observed in 35
      of 231 patients (14.7%). In its typical course the following periods in the
      clinical picture may be distinguished: anaphylactic shock, a period of
      subsidence, peritonitis. Asymptomatic perforation can result in the development
      of "echinococcic pseudotuberculosis of the peritoneum" with a favourable course
      or dissemination of the peritoneum with subsequent development a progressive
      ascites, cachexy and anemia.

PMID- 960494
TI  - [Volemic indicators in patients with acute cholecystitis].
AB  - The work is concerned with changes in extracellular fluid and its ingradient-
      interstitial volume, in particular, as well as TCB and its components influenced
      by an operative intervention, performed in patients over 50 years of age for
      acute cholecystitis. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that in the
      early postoperative period along with parenteral injection of fluids also it is
      essential to correct the deficiency of TCB and its components by administration
      of high-molecular compounds, protein substances, plasma.

PMID- 960495
TI  - [Roentgenocontrast study of pancreatic ducts in surgery of the pancreatic-biliary
      system].
AB  - The authors report the data obtained as a result of exploration of the main
      pancreatic duct pre- and intraoperatively. The study was carried out in 34
      patients with pancreatic fistulas. Endoscopic catheterization of the papilla
      duodeni was undertaken in 80 patients, it proved to be a success in 71.
      Pancreaticograms was made in 63 observations. Contrasting of the duct of Wirsung
      was noted in 167 of 263 patients in whom operative cholangiography was performed.
      The data obtained indicated that pre- and intraoperative pancreaticography is a
      valuable method of investigation, which aids in determining surgical policy in
      chronic pancreatic lesions and in formulating rational grounds for direct
      operative interventions on the pancreas.

PMID- 960496
TI  - [Disorder of regional mesenteric circulation as a cause of functional intestinal
      obstruction].
AB  - It is shown experimentally that an impaired mesenterial blood circulation is of
      primary importance for development of dynamic intestinal obstruction, that is in
      contrast with the existing opinion on the primary importance of disorders in the
      bowel motility. The data obtained were utilized to explain the mechanisms of a
      stimulating effect of different procedures in combating against dynamic
      intestinal obstruction, namely an elimination of the suppressive sympathetic
      effect on abdominal vessels and an increase of the volume blood flow.

PMID- 960497
TI  - [Sphincter-preserving operations in rectal cancer].
AB  - Among 418 rectal operations for cancer in 63 cases abdomino-anal resection
      (amputation) of the rectum was performed with descending of the colon, if
      indicated. The following postoperative complications were observed: necrosis of
      the descended colon, scarring strictures, various urinary disturbances,
      peritonitis. The postoperative mortality made 3 per cent.

PMID- 960498
TI  - [Rationale for the right-side puncture of the subclavian vein in patients
      undergoing heart surgery].
AB  - Based on the study of the literature data and personal author's clinical material
      (682 punctures) the author was able to reveal the advantages of repeated left
      sided puncture of the subclavian vein. An attempt is made to systematize
      complications relative to this procedure, depending on the side of puncturing in
      cardiosurgical patients.

PMID- 960499
TI  - [Pathophysiological and anatomical prerequisites of hemodynamic disorders in the
      system of small saphenous vein].
AB  - 112 patients with varicose small sephenous vein were operated upon. The operation
      was preceded by a careful clinical investigation, including phlebography. The
      observed changes were correlated with operative findings. It is shown that
      varicosity may be conditioned by an obstruction of blood outflow in the popliteal
      vein or small saphenous vein ostium. A relationship between some structural
      variants of the small saphenous vein and hemodynamic disturbances was noted.

PMID- 960500
TI  - [Dynamic pressure in the superficial and deep crural veins in uncomplicated
      varicosity without incompetence of communicant veins].
AB  - Synchronous phlebotonometry was performed on 30 lower extremities in 27 patients.
      Various pressure dynamics was observed in the proximal and distal segments of
      profound veins. Dynamic phlebohypertension was found not only in superficial but
      also in deep-seated veins. The escape of superficial veins resulted in
      normalization of pressure in both systems. The more intensive muscle contractions
      under conditions of normal blood circulation the greater a reduction of pressure
      phases in the crural vein distal segment this factor may be used as a test for
      estimation of the vein-muscle pump function.

PMID- 960501
TI  - [Complications in surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs and
      their prevention].
AB  - To prevent hemorrhage and hematomas in the bed of subcutaneously removed large
      saphenous vein after Babcock the authors somewhat modified tactically the order
      of manipulations during the operative procedure. This method was employed while
      operating 42 patients with primary and secondary venous varices. It was feasible
      to prevent hemorrhage and hematomas along the vascular bed in every case. The
      suggested tactical modification of the removal of venous varices wound improve
      the postoperative course and shorten the terms of patients' stay at the hospital
      postoperatively.

PMID- 960502
TI  - [Bilateral coxarthroses and avascular necrosis of the femur head in adults].
AB  - Based on the authors' personal experience, it was concluded that in surgical
      treatment for coxarthrosis intertrochanteric osteotomy is to be preferred, since
      it proved to be effective even in advanced cases of the lesion in the extent of
      residual motions of 30--40degrees. If indicated, the procedure may be bilateral.
      The operation yielded the best results also in avascular articular trophesy with
      resorption of sequestrae. In grave cases it is rational to begin with
      prosthesizing of one of the joints.

PMID- 960503
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase of granulocytes in open fractures of the long tubular
      bones].
AB  - Investigations carried out in 60 patients with open fractures of long tubular
      bones in osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov apparatus indicated that alkaline
      phosphatase (AP) of granulocytes fully reflects the postoperative course. 10--24
      hours following the trauma the level of AP in patients with grave injuries
      exceeds that in patients with slight ones. The differences are found to be
      reliable from the 1st to the 5th day after the injury.

PMID- 960504
TI  - [Surgical tactics in severe combined injuries of the face and other body
      regions].
AB  - The results of treatment in 67 patients with associated injuries of the face and
      other regions of the body are analysed. Sixteen of them died. Their poor state
      was conditioned not by facial injuries but by traumas of other organs and system
      of the organism. It is concluded that such patients should be treated not in
      stomatological but in special traumatological departments for polytraumas.
      Surgery is first to be performed in the region where the damage is most
      hazardous. But the first step is to prevent aspiration of blood from the oral
      cavity into the respiratory tract followed by the fixation of jaw fragments.

PMID- 960505
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of staphylococcal infections and their complications,
      in surgical practice with biological products].
AB  - In the clinic 307 patients with suppurative lesions were observed, in 183 of them
      (the main group) staphylococcic anatoxin was administered with prophylactic and
      therapeutic purposes, 124 patients (the control group) were treated with
      antibiotics, including 231 patients with acute appendicitis, 23--with
      osteomyelitis, 48--with mastitis and 5 patients with various purulent
      complications of staphylococcic etiology. Among 231 patients with acute
      appendicitis 125 comprised the main group who were injected staphylococcic
      anatoxin, and 106--the control group. In the latter the incidence of the
      operative wound suppuration was observed thrice as frequently.

PMID- 960506
TI  - [Compression-distraction osteosynthesis in pseudarthroses of long tubular bones].
AB  - An experience of the clinic with treatment of pseudarthrosis of tubular bones in
      163 patients, using compression-distraction osteosynthesis is reported. In their
      anatomical localization pseudarthroses were distributed as follows: the femur-22,
      the crus-112, the shoulder-22, the forearm-7. The Ilizarov and Gudushauri
      compression apparatus was employed in 143 patients, compression osteosynthesis
      after Greifensteiner was performed in 20 patients. The results of treatment were
      studied in 155 patients within the terms from 10 months to 5 years. Good issues
      were obtained in 95 (61.3%) patients, satisfactory- in 45 (29%), poor--in 15
      (9.7%).

PMID- 960507
TI  - [Remote results of treatment of compression fractures of the calcaneus].
AB  - Late results of treatment in fractures of the calcanean bone were studied in 72
      patients within the terms from 2 to 11 years. In 41 of these cases a grave
      compression fracture of the calcanean bone was observed, in 9--there was a damage
      of both calcanean bones. 37 patients were treated clinically and 4--under
      outpatient conditions. Skeletal extension was used in 12 patients during 10--25
      days, in 3--it was complicated with suppuration. Manual reposition was employed
      in 19 cases, and it was not used in 6. It is the author's opinion that permanent
      and one-moment skeletal extension by multiple pins inserted under general
      aneshesia and roentgeno-telecontrol should be preferred.

PMID- 960508
TI  - Dietary consideration in feline practice.

PMID- 960509
TI  - Toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 960510
TI  - Panleukopenia.

PMID- 960511
TI  - Feline infectious peritonitis.

PMID- 960512
TI  - Combined immunodeficiency with failure of colostral immunoglobulins transfer in
      foals.
AB  - Foals with combined immunodeficiency (CID), a fatal genetic defect in the
      production of both B and T lymphocytes, are born without immunoglobulins and are
      unable to synthesise them. CID foals receiving immunoglobulins via the dam's
      colostrum may live up to four months of age. Those CID foals with failure of
      passive transfer (FPT) die at a much earlier age. The occurrence of CID is of
      value in studying passive transfer of immunoglobulins, as no confusion exists as
      to when passive transfer ends and active synthesis of immunoglobulins begins. A
      high correlation has been found between early foal disease and deaths and lack of
      passive transfer of immunoglobulins, even though many of these foals appear to
      nurse normally during the first few hours post partum. Evaluation of
      immunoglobulin levels in 24 hour post suckle samples would prove of value not
      only in diagnosing CID foals, but in recognising FPT in otherwise normal foals.

PMID- 960513
TI  - Retention of the fetal membranes in cattle.
AB  - An investigation of the possible significance of 'stress' as a factor in the
      retention of bovine fetal membranes has been carried out, together with the
      investigation as to the possible variation of progesterone levels at parturition,
      as a cause of retention. No evidence of abnormal progesterone levels has been
      established, but from the evidence it is concluded that retention may well be yet
      another example of production disease.

PMID- 960515
TI  - Letter: Mixed blessing.

PMID- 960514
TI  - Correspondence: Immobilon: Some comments on its action.

PMID- 960516
TI  - Letter: Treating Orf.

PMID- 960517
TI  - Letter: CFT in Trypanosoma vivax infection.

PMID- 960518
TI  - The selection of antibiotics.
AB  - The usefulness of an antibiotic depends not only upon its antibacterial potency
      and spectrum but also on the prevalence of resistant organisms and the extent and
      severity of the adverse reactions to which it may give rise. Variations in
      formulation of the same compound are reflected in differences in bioavailability.
      These may be intentional, as in the development of long-acting preparations, but
      may also be unexpected following differences in drug purity, content and gastro
      intestinal absorption. Individual and species differences in treated animals also
      result in variations in bioavailability. The merits of combination products of
      two or more antibiotics are often equivocal and some combinations are definitely
      disadvantageous. Practical rules for the selection and use of antibiotics
      emphasise the need for full doses of effective compounds used for limited periods
      with monitoring of patterns of sensitivity so that problems of large-scale
      resistance can be avoided.

PMID- 960519
TI  - Design and farm animal welfare.
AB  - Farm animal welfare and the design of farm buildings and equipment are
      interrelated. The animals' requirements and preferences should first be estimated
      and ways in which this can be done are discussed, as are methods of assessment of
      their environment. Some examples of the influence which housing and equipment
      design can have are given. Attention is drawn to the difficulties inherent in the
      assessment of farm animal welfare and the postulation made that the veterinarian
      is well fitted to carry out such assessments.

PMID- 960520
TI  - Equine artificial insemination.
AB  - The use and techniques of artificial insemination for horses in Germany over the
      last 30 years is described. Artificial insemination appears to produce pregnancy
      percentages equal to those from normal breeding methods and its continued
      availability under veterinary supervision is recommended in conditions where
      disease, disability or distance debar normal service.

PMID- 960521
TI  - A suspected case of selenium deficiency in Friesian steers.

PMID- 960522
TI  - Letter: Water intoxication in calves.

PMID- 960523
TI  - [Use of Eleutherococcus for preventing transportation stress in swine].

PMID- 960524
TI  - [Effect of an Eleutherococcus extract on the body of animals].

PMID- 960525
TI  - [Toxicity of 2,4-D herbicide].

PMID- 960526
TI  - [Chlortetracycline concentration in the tissues of fish].

PMID- 960527
TI  - [Economic evaluation of the foot-and-mouth disease control systems in Great
      Britain].

PMID- 960529
TI  - [Disease prevention in springtime].

PMID- 960528
TI  - [Problems of raising and maintaining calves in Great Britain].

PMID- 960530
TI  - [Animal disease prevention on large farm complexes].

PMID- 960531
TI  - [Veterinary sanitation measures on poultry raising farms].

PMID- 960532
TI  - [Importance of genetics in raising the resistance of animals].

PMID- 960533
TI  - [Pathomorphology and pathogenesis of experimental infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis].

PMID- 960534
TI  - [Antibiotics and chemopreparations in poultry pullorum disease].

PMID- 960535
TI  - [Veterinary science on the border between 2 Five-Year Plans].

PMID- 960536
TI  - [Pathogenesis of coccidiosis and the treatment of rabbits].

PMID- 960537
TI  - [Puerperal uterine involution in the cow].

PMID- 960538
TI  - [Stimulation of the reporductive function in cows by using colostrum].

PMID- 960539
TI  - [Pathologicoanatomic and histomorphological changes in the fetus in chlamydial
      abortion in swine].

PMID- 960540
TI  - [Classification, symptoms and pathogenesis of dyspepsia in calves].

PMID- 960541
TI  - [Use of drug aerosols in pneumonia].

PMID- 960542
TI  - [Changes in the sodium, potassium and calcium concentration in the blood of
      chickens].

PMID- 960543
TI  - [Method for computing the milk losses from sterility in cows].
AB  - An attempt was made to work out a method and establish the indices in calculating
      the losses of milk due to sterility in cows, along with recording the level of
      productivity and the duration of the period of sterility. The differences were
      established between: 1. The size of the average daily milk yield per normative
      day (a day of the period between calvings of 365 days) and that per day of the
      actual period between calvings. 2. The average daily milk yield per normative day
      and that per day of the period of sterility. The milk losses calculated in both
      ways gave almost comparable results. It is , therefore, suggested when
      calculating the losses due to sterility to use the established indices of milk
      losses per sterility day (Table 2) at a varying milkiness of the cows and a
      varying length of the period between calvings, resp., the period of sterility.

PMID- 960544
TI  - [Epizootiological and parasitological status of the flocks at a poultry combine].
AB  - A comprehensive epizootiologic study has been carried out at one of the large
      poultry dressing combines in this country. Results have shown that the part
      played by infections as against the remaining diseases established in the various
      technologic categories is as follows: 9 to 23.8 per cent in growing parents; 16.0
      to 24.6 per cent in adult parents; and 4.8 to 13.4 per cent in broilers. So far
      as parasitic diseases are concerned the respective figures are 3.2 to 9.9 per
      cent, 3.0 to 3.3. per cent, and 2.9 to 3.0 to per cent. The import of birds from
      France and England intended for satisfying the needs of the poultry dressing
      combine in Rousse has contributed to the introduction of infections which have
      later on assumed an epizootic course, such as infections encephalomyelitis,
      infectious bronchitis, and Marek' disease. The epizootic status has been
      aggravated with the development of a number of diseases already existing in this
      country--fowl pox, lymphoid leukosis, chronic respiratory disease, salmonellosis,
      and above all infections caused by the so-called occasionally pathogenic agents-
      coli organisms, staphylococci, and Pseudomonas. Of the parasitic diseases only
      coccidiosis has developed, being caused by a variety of species: Eimeria
      acervulina, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria muvati and Eimeria tenella.
      The absence of helminth infections is due to the routinely adopted technological
      practice of raising birds in confinement and the strict veterinary control and
      guard. On the basis of the results obtained and the conclusions drawn some more
      effective prophylactic measures are suggested correcting and supplementing the
      existing prophylactic programme.

PMID- 960545
TI  - [Changes in the total protein and protein fractions in cow's milk irradiated with
      ultraviolet rays].
AB  - Comparative experimental electrophoretic studies were carried out to establish
      the effect of ultraviolet treatment on cow's milk at various rates of irradiation
      (5, 10 and 15 min) with a view to raising and regulating the content of the total
      protein and the protein fractions in milk intended for the feeding of calves.
      Results showed that there were no substantial changes in the level of the total
      protein, the albumins having a rising trend that was manifested best at a 15
      minute treatment. Most characteristic were the changes taking place in the
      immunoglobulin fraction which rose by 4.7 per cent. The beta-lactoglobulin
      fraction dropped by 4.5 per cent, on an average, at all rates of treatment, and
      the level of alfa-lactoglobulin at 5- and 10-minute irradiation underwent almost
      no changes, it rising by about 2.09 per cent, on an average, at 15-min treatment.
      Similar was the trend manifested by the proteoso-pepton fraction showing a rise
      as early as the first ten minutes of treatment.

PMID- 960546
TI  - [Effectiveness of Deptavac HVT vaccine on broiler parents during the egg-laying
      period].
AB  - Experiments were carried out with 4 flocks-a total of 16,940 layers of the White
      Plymouth Rock breed (10,865 vaccinated and 6075 untreated) and 3000 cocks of the
      White Cornish breed (502 vaccinated and 1498 untreated). The test birds had been
      vaccinated at the age of one day. The average month mortality rate among the
      vaccinated birds was 1.5 per cent, and among the untreated it was 4.9 per cent;
      for the whole exploitation period these values were 15.35 and 47.17 per cent,
      respectively. Mortality rate caused by Marek's disease and lymphoid leukosis
      (specific mortality) in the test groups was 4 times lower as compared with that
      of the control groups (11.54 as against 44.75 per cent), and the coefficient of
      epizootiologic effectiveness was 74.4 per cent. Considerable variation was
      established in the intensity and dynamics of the epizootic process with the
      vaccinated and unvaccinated birds, on the one hand, and the layers and cocks, on
      the other. White Cornish cocks proved more resistant to Marek's disease and more
      sensitive to lymphoid leukosis, while the layers of the White Plymouth Rock breed
      were more sensitive to Marek's disease and more resistant to lymphoid leukosis.
      These differences could explain the dynamics peculiarity of the specific
      mortality exhibited by layers and cocks. The egg-laying capacity of a "forage"
      layer up to the age of 62 weeks of age in the test flocks was 9.2 (7.2) per cent
      higher than that of the untreated layers. In exploitation up to the 70th week of
      age each test layer gave 23 eggs more as compared to the untreated. It is
      calculated on the basis of the experimental data that a total of 55,200 eggs and
      more could be obtained from 6000 parental birds vaccinated against Marek's
      disease during a 10-month laying period.

PMID- 960547
TI  - [Characteristics of the staphylococci isolated from the udder of cows with
      mastitis].
AB  - A total of 175 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 67 strains of Staphylococcus
      epidermidis were studied, isolated from 486 samples of milk secretion taken
      aceptically from the individual quarters of the udder of cows affected with
      subclinical and purulent (clinical) mastitis. The staphylococci were referred to
      as the causative agent of mastitis in case they were the only microflora in the
      seedings of the investigated material. Tests were applied as given in Fig. 1 to
      characterize the strains. It was found that mastitis in cows could be due to both
      plasma coagulating staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus) and coagulase-negative
      Staphylococcus epidermidis organisms. The two Staphylococcus species were
      isolated from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. The division between
      pathogenic and nonpathogenic Staphylococcus strains by the plasma-coagulating
      symptom proved impossible, and this made it necessary to use other tests for
      pathogenicity. It became evident that the thing Staph. aureus and Staph.
      epidermidis had in common when isolated from cows with mastitis was the
      production of a gold-like pigment and delta hemolysin. Similarly to Staph. aureus
      isolated animals, the bovine Staph. epidermidis organisms did not possess
      fibrinolysin and rarely produced hemolysin. The isolated organisms belonging to
      the coagulase-positive staphylococci corresponded by their basic properties to
      Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis as described in the literature. The cultures of
      Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated under similar conditions showed in a
      considerable per cent of the cases somewhat different behaviour.

PMID- 960548
TI  - [Comparative studies of methods for the diagnosis of Aujeszkh's disease].
AB  - The virologic studies of a total of 383 organs taken from 183 pigs using a rabbit
      as a test animal and cell cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts and pig kidney
      revealed that the per cent of the positive results obtained by the three methods
      was varying with regard both to the organs and the various categories of animal
      used. The biologic test proved appropriate in the cases of acute diseases, while
      with diseases with atypical and symptomless course the cell culture methods are
      to be used, most suitable for the mass laboratory diagnosis being the chick
      embryo fibroblasts. The successful diagnosis requires a complex study method with
      the use of greater number of viscera.

PMID- 960549
TI  - [Study of Mycoplasma from the genital apparatus of cattle].
AB  - The study on vaginal mucous secretion in cows with metritis and vaginitis, on
      fetuses and placentae of cows that had miscarried as well as on preputial
      secretion of bulls revealed the presence of Mycoplasma organisms associated with
      V. fetus and other bacterial species. By their reaction to cholesterol,
      digitonin, sodium polyanetol sulfonate as well as their serum and temperature
      requirements, the formation of films and spots, their phosphatase activity and
      biochemical and serologic behaviour the mycoplasmas isolated from the genital
      tract of cows were specified as A. laidlawii and A. axanthum. From both cows and
      bulls T-forms of mycoplasmas were isolated. The strains determined as A. laidlawi
      showed deviations from the species characteristics by the fermentation of
      glucose, hydrolysis of esculine, and reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium
      chloride.

PMID- 960550
TI  - [Effect of different amounts of carbamide on nitrogen digestibility and
      metabolism in broilers. II].
AB  - Experiments were carried out with one-hundred broiler birds of one and the same
      age group, breed, and origin, divided into five groups in order to follow up the
      effect of various amounts of urea on their physiologic state. A balance
      experiment was conducted to establish the effect of urea on the digestibility of
      nutrient matter and the metabolism of nitrogen with the use of nine birds per
      group, divided into three subgroups. Urea was added to a protein-balanced diet
      from the 20th to the 60th day in the following amounts by groups: I--2 percent;
      II--4 per cent; III--5 per cent; and IV--6 per cent. It was also found that with
      the increase of urea in the ration at the rates indicated above there was a
      progressive rise of both the amount of urea and the nonprotein nitrogen in the
      blood as well as the amount of nitrogen excreted with the urine. The intake of
      such amounts of urea lowered the assimilation of nitrogen by 4 to 9 per cent as
      against its initial level in the ration, and by 7 to 11 per cent--as against the
      level of digested nitrogen.

PMID- 960551
TI  - [Lysogeny in Pasteurella multocida].
AB  - Studied was the possibility of lysis-producing factors (the phenomenon of
      lysogeny) with 59 strains of Pastuerella multocida isolated in Bulgaria, Cuba,
      and Czechoslovakia. It was found that eleven of them were lysogenic in terms that
      a total of 12 bacteriophage strains were isolated from them; one of them yielded
      2 phages. Established were three different indicator strains of Pasteurella
      multocida-97, SHD, and R-II--by means of which 3 different groups of P. multocida
      phages were isolated. The latter were stabilized and allowed to multiply up to
      10(11) phage particles per 1 cc through continuous passaging, and they could be
      be stored at + 4 degrees C. In accordance with the host strain for multiplying
      the isolated P. multocida phages were divided into three different groups: phages
      3, 4, 5, 6, 22, and Sl fell into group II, and phages 1075 and S-2--to group III.

PMID- 960552
TI  - [Study of the pathogenicity and drug sensitivity of staphylococci isolated from
      poultry].
AB  - Studied were the pathogenicity and drug sensitivity of a total of 64
      Staphylococcus strains isolated from chickens and chick embryos. A high per cent
      value of coincidence was established between the tests of positive plasma
      coagulase reaction, hemolysis, golden-yellow pigment production, glucose-positive
      reaction in anaerobiosis and the lethal sequela following the experimental
      infection of young chickens and albino mice. The complex use of these tests
      proved to be a dependable criterion of pathogenicity. Most of the Staphylococcus
      strains were shown to be strongly and moderately sensitive to kanamycin
      gallimycin, oximycin, chloramphenicol, and persistent to oxitetracyclin.

PMID- 960553
TI  - [Biochemical and technological characteristics of the milk from Black-and White
      Dutch].
AB  - Studied were the composition and the technologic properties of the milk of Dutch
      Black pied cattle under this country's conditions. Milk samples were taken for
      analysis once in a month on a cow farm founded in 1964 with a total of 67
      impregnated heifers and having at the time of investigation 88 cows, twelve of
      them remaining from the initial animals imported from Holland and the others
      being the offspring of the herd. It was established that the annual milk yield
      per forage cow, amounting to 44881 has the following index values; dry matter-
      12.63 +/- 0.48 per cent; butterfat per cent--4.07 +/- 0.2%; total protein--3.37
      +/- 0.16 per cent; casein--2.56 +/- 0.16; slids-nonfat--8.54 +/- 0.24 per cent;
      calcium--0.126 +/- 0.002 per cent; phosphorus--0.079 +/- 0.003 per cent. The
      technologic properties of milk proved unsatisfactory: coagulation capacity--359
      s; rheologic value--112.93 X 1.10(-5) V/cm3; and technologic coeficient--1.32.
      The data on the composition and the technologic properties of Dutch Black-pied
      cow's milk showed, on the whole, that most profitable is its processing into
      butter as against processing into cheese in which case the yields would be
      unsatisfactory.

PMID- 960554
TI  - [Biochemical properties of different serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica].
AB  - Studied were the morphologic and biochemic properties of 85 Pasteurella
      haemolytica strains belonging to the known 12 serotypes after Biberstein, Gills
      (2). The biochemical properties of the strains were studied after the pattern of
      Bosworth and Lovell (4) with regard to arabinose, trehalose, xylose, manose,
      salysin, and lactose. It was found that the biochemical properties correlated
      with the biotype classification of the strains. Thus, the biochemical reaction
      with trehalose and arabinose may be used as a characteristic feature in
      determining the biotype. The reaction proved more dependable with the strains of
      the T biotype as compared to those of the A biotype, as not all strains of the A
      biotype fermented arabinose in the course of the first seven days, while with the
      strains of the T biotype trehalose was acted upon during such a period. It was
      also established that xylose is attacked by the strains of the A biotype only,
      and manose and salycin--by the strains of the T biotype, which did not ferment
      lactose. All strains of Pasteurella haemolytica turned out to be negative so far
      as the production and indol was concerned; they were shown to reduce the nitrates
      into nitrites, were MP and VP negative, and gave growth in McConkey's agar
      medium.

PMID- 960555
TI  - [Drug resistance of the Salmonella isolated from poultry].
AB  - A total of 92 Salmonella strains, isolated from birds, were studied through
      graded dilutions in a solid nutrient medium for their resistance to penicillin,
      streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, furazolidon and norsulfazol.
      Greatest was the number of strains resistant to penicillin (81.5 per cent), and
      lowest was it of strains resistant to tetracycline (27.1 per cent), norsulfazol
      (21.7 per cent), streptomycin (15.2 per cent), and furazolidon (1.08 per cent).
      No resistant strains were found to chloramphenicol. Both furazolidon and
      chloramphenicol are suggested for the control of Salmonella infections in birds.

PMID- 960556
TI  - Sites of coat protein accumulation in turnip yellow mosaic virus-infected cells.

PMID- 960557
TI  - Pathways of DNA repair in T4 phage. II. Sedimentation analysis of intracellular
      DNA in repair-defective mutants.

PMID- 960558
TI  - The synthesis of A-rich RNA by temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus.

PMID- 960559
TI  - Localization of the 26-S RNA sequence on the viral genome type 42-S RNA isolated
      from SFV-infected cells.

PMID- 960560
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus proteins.

PMID- 960561
TI  - Intracellular distribution and polyadenylate content of adeno-associated virus
      RNA sequences.

PMID- 960562
TI  - Integration sites of foreign genes in the chromosome of coliphage P1: a finer
      resolution.

PMID- 960563
TI  - Electrophoretic separation of dsRNA genome segments from maize wallaby ear virus
      and its relationship to other phytoreoviruses.

PMID- 960564
TI  - Vaccinia virus reexamined: development and release.

PMID- 960565
TI  - Properties of maize chlorotic dwarf virus and its ribonucleic acid.

PMID- 960566
TI  - Synthesis of TMV RNA at restrictive high temperatures.

PMID- 960567
TI  - RNA synthesis by ribonucleoprotein-polymerase complexes isolated from influenza
      virus.

PMID- 960568
TI  - Infectivity and marker rescue activity of influenza virus ribonucleoprotein
      polymerase complexes.

PMID- 960569
TI  - A messenger RNA for capsid protein isolated from tobacco mosaic virus-infected
      tissue.

PMID- 960570
TI  - Synthesis of morphogenetic proteins by mutants of bacteriophage lambda carrying
      tandem genetic duplications.

PMID- 960571
TI  - A study of nucleotide sequence homology between strains of tobacco mosaic virus.

PMID- 960572
TI  - Reovirus morphogenesis: characterization of subviral particles in infected cells.

PMID- 960573
TI  - Effects of viral protein, viral RNA, and some other polyelectrolytes on infection
      of tobacco protoplasts by TMV.

PMID- 960574
TI  - Isolation and characterization of RNA phages for Caulobacter crescentus.

PMID- 960575
TI  - A genetic map for the cowpea strain on TMV.

PMID- 960576
TI  - Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected with frog virus 3. V. The absence of
      polyadenylic acid in the majority of frog virus 3-specific mRNA species.

PMID- 960577
TI  - dna, single stranded/*metab.

PMID- 960578
TI  - Line spread function variation near the fovea.

PMID- 960579
TI  - Quantum fluctuation limit in foveal vision.

PMID- 960580
TI  - Visual spatial interactions between dotted line segments.

PMID- 960581
TI  - The effect of pupil size on accommodation.

PMID- 960582
TI  - Rod-cone independence in dark adaptation.

PMID- 960583
TI  - Threshold elevation following adaptation to coloured gratings.

PMID- 960584
TI  - Does the tilt after-effect occur in the oblique meridian?

PMID- 960585
TI  - Classical conditioning of the McCollough effect: temporal parameters.

PMID- 960586
TI  - Extraretinal information in corrective saccades and inflow vs outflow theories of
      visual direction constancy.

PMID- 960587
TI  - Oxidation states of four sulfurs of rhodopsin before and after bleaching.

PMID- 960588
TI  - Cone structure and visual pigment content in the retina of the goldfish.

PMID- 960589
TI  - Fine structure of photoreceptors and associated neurons in the retina of Lampetra
      fluviatilis (Cyclostomi).

PMID- 960590
TI  - [Method of study of the diffusion of light in the cornea].

PMID- 960591
TI  - Electronics for a study of masking in spatial frequency channels.

PMID- 960592
TI  - A psychophysical demonstration of goldfish trichromacy.

PMID- 960593
TI  - Visual adaptation: retinal transduction, brightness and sensitivity.

PMID- 960594
TI  - Stimulus alternation and the Purkinje shift.

PMID- 960595
TI  - Brightness contrast in the Ehrenstein illusion.

PMID- 960596
TI  - Luminance-duration relation in reaction time to spectral stimuli.

PMID- 960597
TI  - Cone input to horizontal cells in the turtle retina.

PMID- 960598
TI  - Cone input to bipolar cells in the turtle retina.

PMID- 960599
TI  - Energy, quanta and Limulus vision.

PMID- 960600
TI  - The c-wave in the ERG of albino rat.

PMID- 960601
TI  - Bezold-Brucke hue shift functions for the pigeon.

PMID- 960602
TI  - Measurement of a photoreceptor's characteristic waveguide parameter.

PMID- 960603
TI  - Adaptation alters perceived direction of motion.

PMID- 960604
TI  - Information received from unseen lights.

PMID- 960605
TI  - A modified multiplicative rule describes backward masking in a photoreceptor.

PMID- 960606
TI  - An investigation of spatial frequency characteristics of the complex receptive
      fields in the visual cortex of the cat.

PMID- 960607
TI  - Blue cone function in the retina of the cat.

PMID- 960608
TI  - A verification of Weber's law for visual discrimination of disc sizes in the
      Bering Sea spotted seal, Phoca largha.

PMID- 960609
TI  - Refractive state and visual acuity in the hooded rat.

PMID- 960610
TI  - What guides a reader's eye movements?

PMID- 960611
TI  - Adjacency and attention as determiners of perceived motion.

PMID- 960612
TI  - Linked changes in spatial integration, size discrimination, and increment
      threshold with change in background diameter.

PMID- 960613
TI  - Short-term memory for symmetry.

PMID- 960614
TI  - Contrast sensitivity function of the infant visual system.

PMID- 960615
TI  - Rods in the antelope ground squirrel.

PMID- 960616
TI  - Radioautographic localization of 125I alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the
      retinas of goldfish and turtle.

PMID- 960617
TI  - Letter: Ambiguity in determination of waveguide parameter V from mode cutoffs.

PMID- 960618
TI  - [Foremost collective in military medical service].

PMID- 960619
TI  - [Training of the aviation physician].

PMID- 960620
TI  - Experience in the teaching of military epidemiology at a military medical
      department.

PMID- 960621
TI  - [Multifactor lesions during fires].

PMID- 960622
TI  - [Toward further improvement in health protection for Soviet military personnel
      (on Medical Worker's Day)].

PMID- 960623
TI  - [Changes in the nervous system in acute dichloroethane poisoning].

PMID- 960625
TI  - [Organization of emergency medical aid on board ships and in naval units].

PMID- 960624
TI  - [Changes in the peripheral and intracerebral blood circulation under prolonged
      acting radial accelerations of low magnitude].

PMID- 960626
TI  - [Teaching young surgeons during the period of field studies].

PMID- 960627
TI  - [Case of subacute subdural hydroma in combination with chronic osteomyelitis of
      the skull].

PMID- 960628
TI  - [Combined anesthesia with a gas-narcotic mixture of fluothane, nitrous oxide and
      oxygen under general anesthesia with sombrevin in polyclinical stomatology].

PMID- 960629
TI  - [Equipment for ophthalmological aid under field conditions].

PMID- 960630
TI  - [Cycloplegic action of amisyl].

PMID- 960631
TI  - [Creatine body excretion level in thyrotoxicosis and neurocirculatory dystonia].

PMID- 960632
TI  - [Change in the viscoelastic properties of the vessels and in arterial pressure in
      healthy persons at different times of day].

PMID- 960633
TI  - [Military and patriotic education of students].

PMID- 960634
TI  - [Method of assessing the level of physical fitness of military personnel].

PMID- 960635
TI  - [Demountable thermal chamber for raising microbial cultures under field
      conditions].

PMID- 960636
TI  - [Method of producing a hypoxic gas mixture].

PMID- 960637
TI  - [Socialist obligations have been fulfilled].

PMID- 960638
TI  - [Device for the objective determination of visual acuity].

PMID- 960639
TI  - [Chemical and pharmaceutical industry of the Bulgarian People's Republic].

PMID- 960640
TI  - [Methodology for medical service chief to assess the situation].

PMID- 960641
TI  - [Mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer].

PMID- 960642
TI  - [Metal osteosynthesis in the system of the staged treatment of wounded patients
      with gunshot fractures of the bones on the extremities].

PMID- 960643
TI  - [New Interior Service Regulations and the control over the performance of
      sanitary and hygienic requirements].

PMID- 960644
TI  - [Ways to prevent THE infection of donor blood when processing it under field
      conditions].

PMID- 960645
TI  - [Sleep disorders and their treatment].

PMID- 960646
TI  - [Evaluation of the unfavorable outcomes in medical practice(2)].

PMID- 960647
TI  - [Preparation of liquid drugs under field conditions].

PMID- 960648
TI  - [Enzymatic indices in submariners following a cruise].

PMID- 960649
TI  - [Life-giving strength of fighting traditions].

PMID- 960650
TI  - [Characteristics of human activity in the simultaneous exposure to linear
      accelerations and hypoxia].

PMID- 960651
TI  - [Study of the potentials for ultrasonic location of gas bubbles for the control
      of decompression in divers].

PMID- 960652
TI  - [Catheterization of the venae cavae in burn patients].

PMID- 960653
TI  - Emergency states in the burn disease clinic.

PMID- 960654
TI  - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis of prolapse of the gastric mucosa into the duodenum].

PMID- 960655
TI  - [Method for determining achlorhydria].

PMID- 960656
TI  - [Echoencephalography in the diagnosis of cerebral diseases].

PMID- 960657
TI  - [Neuralgic amyotrophy of the shoulder girdle].

PMID- 960658
TI  - [Effectiveness of repellent napkins under field conditions].

PMID- 960659
TI  - [Role of the toxicologist in the medical battalion in preventing poisonings by
      technical liquids].

PMID- 960660
TI  - [Medical control over persons with neuropsychic lability].

PMID- 960661
TI  - [Military Medicine Society of the German Democratic Republic, its tasks and
      goals].

PMID- 960662
TI  - [Device for studying the psychophysiological qualities of the activites of an
      operator in the tracking mode].

PMID- 960663
TI  - [Powder insufflator for drug powders].

PMID- 960664
TI  - [Sensitometer for the objective evaluation of x rays].

PMID- 960665
TI  - [Tutorship is an effective method of training young specialists].

PMID- 960667
TI  - [Lesions of the cranio-vertebral region in rheumatoid polyarthritis].

PMID- 960666
TI  - [Cytopathic effect of lymphocytes of patients with rheumatic heart defects on
      cultured allogenic fibroblasts].

PMID- 960668
TI  - [Role of vascular tonus of the limbs in the pathogenesis of deforming arthrosis
      and use of this factor in disability evaluation and rehabilitation].

PMID- 960669
TI  - [Changes in blood vessels of the lungs in rheumatism].

PMID- 960670
TI  - [Comparison of the nature of morphological reactions in the heart in patients
      with rheumatism and experimental animals in disease modeling].

PMID- 960671
TI  - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in adolescents with rheumatism
      according to the data of mechano-and polycardiographic studies].

PMID- 960672
TI  - [Use of radioactive colloid gold/198 Audispersed in olive oil in conservative
      synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 960673
TI  - [Incidence of rheumatic fever in children, and errors in its diagnosis].

PMID- 960674
TI  - [Rheohepatography in rheumatism].

PMID- 960675
TI  - Brdicek's.

PMID- 960676
TI  - [Hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in patients with primary rheumatic heart
      disease, myocarditis of non-rheumatic etiology and tonsillogenic dystrophy of the
      myocardium].

PMID- 960677
TI  - [Activity of the enzymes of pentose cycle in children with rheumatic heart
      disease].

PMID- 960678
TI  - Agglutination of group Ax erythrocytes by anti-A sera (group B).
AB  - Four random examples of group Ax erythrocytes were tested with anti-A sera (group
      B). Microscopic examination demonstrated a high incidence of reactivity of these
      cells with the anti-A sera (group B) obtained after immunization with group A
      substance.

PMID- 960679
TI  - Studies on new process procedures in plasma fractionation and industrial scale.
      III. Removal of precipitates by filtration through a horizontal leaf filter with
      centrifugal cleaning (Funda filter) as an alternative to tubular-bowl
      centrifuges.
AB  - The possibilities for replacing the time-consuming and labor-intensive
      centrifugation step in the plasma fractionation process with a filtration
      technique using filter aids were explored using a Funda filter (pat. Dr. Ing.
      Hans Muller). The filtration technique proved effective in the separation of the
      impure plasma fractions. On the other hand, its use in the separation of pure
      albumin and gamma-globulin fractions appears doubtful.

PMID- 960681
TI  - Aspects of international health work in 1975.

PMID- 960680
TI  - Can a national all voluntary blood transfusion service by adequate blood
      component therapy cover actual and future needs of AHF?

PMID- 960682
TI  - Research on malaria control in Africa.

PMID- 960683
TI  - Promotion of biomedical research in South-East Asia. Establishment of a Regional
      Advisory Committee on Medical Research.

PMID- 960685
TI  - Community water supply and wastewater disposal.

PMID- 960684
TI  - Occupational health problems and their control.

PMID- 960686
TI  - WHO's role in biomedical research.

PMID- 960688
TI  - The effects of a Community Psychiatric Service on the Mental Hospital population
      in Jamaica.

PMID- 960687
TI  - Psychosocial factors and health.

PMID- 960689
TI  - Defective luteal phase--measurement and evaluation of the ovarian hormone before
      and during cyclofenil (bis-P-acetoxphenyl) cyclo-hexylidenemethane (Compound
      6066) treatment.

PMID- 960690
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in pregnancy: a report of three cases.

PMID- 960691
TI  - An unusual case of tuberculous endometritis associated with hyponatraemia in an
      adult Nigerian.

PMID- 960692
TI  - Incidence of atherosclerosis in the Circle of Willis: an autopsy study of 100
      cases.

PMID- 960693
TI  - The use of colposcopy in early cervical cancer detection.

PMID- 960694
TI  - Two cases of Pasteurella multocida infections in Jamaica.

PMID- 960695
TI  - [A new method for determining the body composition with the aid of a displacement
      balance and low-pressure volumetric analysis (author's transl)].
AB  - A new method for determination of the specific weight of the gas-free human body
      is presented. Volume measurement is facilitated by extremely precise scales, by
      means of which a well-defined amount of water which was removed from a "patient
      container" is weighed. After the test subject has entered the container and is
      standing up to the neck in water, the container is closed. The combined gas
      volume consisting of the subject's lung volume, his intestinal gas and the air
      around his head is measured by lowering the pressure by an exactly-defined
      amount. This is done by opening a valve at the bottom of the container, which
      results in the outflow of a certain amount of water, the volume of which
      corresponds to the volume expansion inside the container. The gas volume prior to
      expansion can then be calculated by application of the gas laws. The advantages
      of this measuring device are its relatively small size, the high precision and
      the fact that the procedure is not unpleasant for the subject, as the head is not
      submerged under water.

PMID- 960696
TI  - [Quality control of coagulation tests (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of quality control of coagulation tests from intralaboratory control
      programmes are reported and compared with interlaboratory surveys. The test
      programme includes the following assays: the thromboplastin time (Quick), the
      partial thromboplastin time and the thrombotest. It can be seen from the results
      of the thromboplastin time that reliable figures were obtained from
      intralaboratory quality control examinations only (CV=7% to 13%). In comparison
      to these results great differences were found in interlaboratory surveys (CV=15%
      to 30%). The result of interlaboratory surveys of the thrombotest demonstrated a
      CV of 15% to 20%. The intralaboratory quality control of the partial
      thromboplastin time showed satisfactory reliability (CV=7.4%). Satisfactory
      conformity of results was obtained between different laboratories only by using
      common reagents (CV=8.7%). Possible factors responsible for deviations in
      laboratory examinations are discussed and proposals for improvement in the
      realibility of coagulation tests are made.

PMID- 960697
TI  - [The place of plate thermography in the diagnosis of breast cancer (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A report is presented of 319 unselected patients investigated by the method of
      plate thermography according to Tricoire, which is a comparatively new method in
      the diagnosis of breast cancer. 281 cases were additionally examined by
      mammography and those cases in whom malignancy was suspected underwent further
      cytological and histological investigation. The results of plate thermography and
      mammography are compared. The high degree of diagnostic accuracy achieved in the
      present series of cases by the use of plate thermography indicates that this
      procedure is not only a valable adjunct in the diagnosis of breast cancer but,
      moreover, seems to be recommendable as a screening method.

PMID- 960698
TI  - [Column chromatographic enrichment of "glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase vienna"
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Further biochemical investigations were performed in a case of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency--called the "Vienna" deficiency variant on
      account of its biochemical characterization. It was found that the "Vienna"
      deficiency variant shows increased enzyme protein at a reduced specific activity.
      Gel filtration on Sephadex-G-200 produced a molecular weight identical with that
      of the normoenzyme; the different cochromatographic behaviour on hydroxylapatite
      appears attributable to a sequence modification of the amino acids.

PMID- 960699
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (author's transl)].
AB  - Significant advances have been achieved in the exploration of various
      pathological conditions of the biliary ducts by the introduction of retrograde
      cholangiography as diagnostic tool in this department. This investigation has
      proved to be very promising in view of the valuable information gained at little
      risk to the patient. Furthermore, retrograde pancreaticography has improved
      diagnostic accuracy in pancreatic diseases. However, these results should only be
      assessed in conjunction with the complete clinical picture and history.

PMID- 960700
TI  - [Haemodynamic changes in acute myocardial infarction following high doses of
      furosemide (author's transl)].
AB  - Haemodynamic measurements were carried out after administration of furosemide to
      10 patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart
      failure. It was observed that a transient deterioration in cardiac function
      (decreased cardiac output, increased enddiastolic pulmonary arterial pressure and
      increased pulmonary and systemic resistance) occured in the pre-diuretic stage in
      these failing hearts. After the onset of diuresis the haemodynamic parameters
      showed a reversal of the previous trends (increased cardiac output, decreased
      enddiastolic pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary resistance). The
      consistently lower enddiastolic pulmonary arterial pressure in the diuretic phase
      as compared with the pre-diuretic value ensured an improvement in cardiac
      haemodynamics. An attempt was made to interpret the haemodynamic results in the
      light of the Frank-Starling's curve.

PMID- 960701
TI  - [A new design for a totally artificial heart: the ellipsoid heart (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Thromboembolic complications represent the main limiting factor in cardiac
      replacement by totally artificial hearts in calves at present. Thrombus formation
      within artificial hearts is caused by the appearance of stagnation areas. The
      ellipsoid heart eliminates stagnation areas by virtue of its production as a one
      piece membrane. The heart is driven pneumatically and functions as a
      diaphragmatic blood pump. The stroke volume is 178 cm3 and the maximal cardiac
      output 15.8l/Min. Three acute experiments demonstrated a high degree of
      haemodynamic efficiency without compression of, or interference with surrounding
      structures, especially the inferior vena cava or the right atrium.

PMID- 960702
TI  - [The effect of "standardized forced diuresis" (SFD) on serum and urinary
      electrolytes(author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of standardized forced diuresis (SFD) on the serum and urinary
      electrolyte levels was investigated in 10 cases of severe self-poisoning with
      hypnotic drugs. Diuresis was initiated by furosemide and maintained at an hourly
      urinary ouput of 2 litres. Fluid and electrolyte substitution was carried out
      with a standardized electrolyte solution. Initiation and termination of the SFD
      was performed abruptly. The mean values of sodium, potassium, chloride and
      phosphorus in the urine varied widely at the beginning of the SFD, while the
      calcium and magnesium values varied only slightly. During SFD, urinary
      stabilization occured at a particular ionogram, in correlation to the electrolyte
      concentrations in the infusion fluid and with only minimal individual variation.
      Owing to this satisfactory correlation, none of the patients developed signs of
      electrolyte disturbances, so that no correction of the infusion constitution was
      necessary. The abrupt termination of the SFD prevented electrolyte disturbances
      in the recovery phase.

PMID- 960703
TI  - [The value of urinary enzyme determinations in systemic lupus erythematosus
      (author's transl)].
AB  - During a period of 4 years urine samples from 54 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) were repeatedly analysed for the activities of lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alanine aminopeptidase
      (AAP). Increased  urinary enzyme levels were consistently found in 8 patients
      with severe lupus nephritis and the nephrotic syndrome, as well as in 9 patients
      with chronic lupus nephritis resistant to therapy. A further group of 9 patients
      with lupus nephritis responded favourably to immunosuppressive therapy with
      arrest of kidney-damaging processes; a concomitant normalization of urinary
      enzyme levels was observed, giving an accurate reflection of the progression of
      the disease. Another 14 SLE patients showed raised enzyme levels preceding the
      development of clinical signs of nephropathy. The last 14 SLE patients displayed
      neither nephropathy nor altered enzyme activities. The determination of urinary
      enzyme activities is, therefore, considered to be a useful supplement to the
      routine biochemical analyses performed on the urine in cases of SLE.

PMID- 960704
TI  - [LDH isoenzymes and gastrin in achlorhydri (author's transl)].
AB  - Several haematological findings (especially the values of serum LDH and its
      isoenzymes) were compared with changes in the gastrin level in pernicious
      anaemia. While vitamin B12 substitution therapy led to normalization of the
      anaemia and of the enzyme levels, gastric atrophy and, hence, the elevation in
      serum gastrin levels remained unchanged. Determination of serum gastrin,
      therefore, provides a valuable tool for the verification of the diagnosis of
      pernicious anaemia in treated cases.

PMID- 960705
TI  - [Considerations on the information content of diagnostic tests (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The value of a diagnostic test lies in its ability to support the doctor's
      efforts to detect a certain disease. The aim is to achieve the highest possible
      probability that the disease is correctly diagnosed by means of the test. Doctors
      are not always aware of the extent to which a test can contribute to the final
      diagnosis. This contribution, the information content of the test, can be
      calculated by various algebraic manipulations. An example (carcinoembryonic
      antigen) is given, which demonstrates the significance of certain terms such as
      true and false positive results or likelihood and, moreover, the application of
      Baye's theorem.

PMID- 960706
TI  - [Clinical aspects of cystinuria and its treatment by thiola (author's transl)].
AB  - Cystinuria is an inherited disorder of amino acid transport affecting the
      epithelial cells of the renal tubules and the gastro-intestinal tract. Treatment
      consists of the prophylaxis of recurrent urolithiasis, which is the clinical
      manifestation of the disease. Long-term treatment with alpha-mercapto-propionyl
      glycine (MPG; Thiola) promises to be successful. 3 cytinuric patients with
      recurrent urolithiasis underwent treatment over a period of 6 months. Therapy was
      controlled by regular follow-up investigations of the urinary excretion and serum
      levels of cystine and di-basic amino acids. The results did not indicate any
      permanent decrease in cystine excretion. No recurrence of renal calculi was
      observed. The possibility is discussed of a direkt mechanism of action of the
      drug on the metabolism of the involved amino acids.

PMID- 960707
TI  - [Extra-articular manifestations of chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - Although the chronic destructive joint processes dominate the clinical picture of
      chronic rheumatoid arthritis, it must not been forgotten that the disease is a
      systemic one, whereby certain organs or organ systems are affected either
      clinically or subclinically. The various possible pathogenetic mechanisms are
      discussed and the particular type of patient with rheumatoid arthritis who
      appears to be prone to extra-articular manifestations is described. Subsequently,
      the individual organic manifestations and the clinical picture are discussed, as
      well as the incidence and significance of these features.

PMID- 960708
TI  - [The implementation of a computerized documentation system for the evaluation of
      spa therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)].
AB  - A previously-described documentation system for articular examination was applied
      to evaluate the results of spa treatment in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      during 3 separate treatment periods. Physical joint findings were documented and
      indices were compiled by means of a computer before, during and after treatment
      with thermal water the first year, normal water the second year (or vice versa)
      and without baths at all in the third year. These indices were compared
      statistically. Each kind of treatment produced a statistically-significant
      improvement in the disease, there being no significant difference in the results
      achieved by the 3 therapeutic regimens.

PMID- 960709
TI  - [Cytogenetic investigations in patients receiving an intraarticular injection of
      gold-198 (author's transl)].
AB  - The chromosomes of lymphocyte cultures from the peripheral blood were
      investigated in 10 patients (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis,
      osteoarthrosis of the knee) before and at short-term intervals (1 day, 3 to 4
      days, 14 to 18 days) after the injection of gold-198 (5 to 20 mC; usually 8 mC;
      average particle size 300 A) into the knee-joint. The number of structural
      chromosomal abberrations increased markedly in 4 of the 10 patients. On the first
      day after the gold injection the mean aberration rate was significantly higher
      than the control value (Chi2-5.18; df=1; P less than 0.05). Most of the observed
      aberrations were chromatid aberrations and this finding is discussed.

PMID- 960710
TI  - [Congenital polyfibromatosis: clinical and genetic studies].
AB  - Clinical and genetic investigations were performed on seven members of a family
      suffering from multiple hereditary fibromatosis. These studies indicate that the
      responsible gene appears to be coupled and transmitted with that of the rhesus
      system, located at chromosome one. The diagnosis, differential diagnosis and
      therapy, as well as histological alterations are pointed out and the importance
      of hormonal factors is discussed.

PMID- 960711
TI  - [Subclavian vein catheterization in traumatic surgery (author's transl)A1].
AB  - The new Cavafix system was employed for puncture and catheterization of the
      subclavian vein in 100 casuality patients undergoing surgical intervention.
      Excellent results were achieved not only in emergency cases with severe shock and
      hypovolaemia, but also in hospitalized patients requiring long-term infusion
      therapy. This system proved easy to handle even by doctors inexperienced in the
      use of such techniques and, hence, the incidence of complications was within the
      range reported in the literature.

PMID- 960712
TI  - [The treatment of osseous rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 3 cases are reported of successful surgical treatment of isolated osseous rupture
      of the posterior cruciate ligament. Fixation was undertaken with 2 crossed wires
      leading from the popliteal fossa to the anterior aspect of the tibia. The
      advantage of this method is that the popliteal fossa does not have to be reopened
      6 to 8 weeks later when the wires are removed.

PMID- 960713
TI  - [Percutaneous reduction of fractures of the neck of the radium in children by
      means of a steinmann nail (author's transl)].
AB  - Percutaneous reduction of fractures of the neck of the radius or of
      epiphysiolysis with displacement can be achieved in children by means of a
      Steinmann nail. No additional means of fragment fixation seems to be necessary.
      Fracture healing is ensured by cast immobilization. Functional results are
      equivalent to those after conservative treatment.

PMID- 960714
TI  - [Iatrogenic tissue damage and its treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - Modern medicine with its manifold therapeutic possibilites brings many side
      effects which might result in tissue damage. 8 cases of iatrogenic tissue damage
      seen over a period of 5 years are presented and discussed. Measures for
      correction and reconstruction are proposed.

PMID- 960715
TI  - [Scalp avulsion injuries (author's transl)].
AB  - In a recent scalp avulsion injury, the scalp should always be re-implanted
      without delay if at all available. Subsequent normal hair growth can hardly be
      expected, but at least an original skin replacement has been effected. The
      reconstruction of only a part of the scalp should be performed in such a way that
      the hairless area is situated in the centre. The surrounding hair will cover this
      centre part. Rotation flaps in the region of the scalp follow other rules than
      apply to all other areas of the body. If applied correctly, good results can be
      achieved because of the excellent blood supply.

PMID- 960716
TI  - [The effect of pulsed ultrasound on the motility of human spermatozoa].

PMID- 960717
TI  - [Erosive gastritis].

PMID- 960718
TI  - [The quantitative determination of C-reactive protein by means of Laurell's
      electro-immunoassay].

PMID- 960719
TI  - [Use of dextrorotatory thyroid hormones for speeding up weight reduction in
      obesity].

PMID- 960720
TI  - [Nutritional aspects in the treatment of hyperuricemia].

PMID- 960721
TI  - [The local application of fibrinogen and collagen for hemostasis in heart
      surgery].

PMID- 960722
TI  - [Early complications in closed brain injuries].

PMID- 960723
TI  - [Treatment of skull and brain damaged patients by the general practitioner].

PMID- 960724
TI  - [Mortality and the life cycle of the family. Some implications of recent
      research].

PMID- 960725
TI  - [Urban/rural differences in mortality, 1950-1970].

PMID- 960726
TI  - Preferential inhibition of herpes-group viruses by phosphonoacetic acid: effect
      on virus DNA synthesis and virus-induced DNA polymerase activity.
AB  - In tissue culture phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) specifically inhibited DNA synthesis
      of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), murine CMV, simian CMV, Epstein-Barr virus, and
      Herpesvirus saimiri. Fifty to one hundred micrograms per milliliter PAA
      completely inhibited viral DNA synthesis with no significant damage to host cell
      DNA synthesis. In vitro DNA polymerization assays showed that 10 MUg/ml of PAA
      specifically inhibited partially purified human CMV-induced DNA polymerase, while
      little inhibition of host-cell DNA polymerase activity was found. The specific
      inhibition of herpes-group virus DNA synthesis with little toxicity to host cells
      suggests that PAA has great potential as an antiherpesvirus therapeutic agent.

PMID- 960727
TI  - Viral hepatitis in the Air Force.
AB  - The reported incidence of viral hepatitis in the Air Force has increased over the
      past 10 years. The total number of days lost from duty has declined as has the
      average number of days lost per case. Distribution of USAF reported cases has
      been roughly equally divided among the three diagnostic categories, in contrast
      to the total United States reported distribution. Relatively few USAF cases have
      had a documented history of drug abuse since we began collecting this
      information, and the proportion of these cases has steadily declined. Finally,
      these diseases still represent significant economic and operational costs to the
      Air Force so that prevention and control remain important items of concern to
      commanders and the medical service.

PMID- 960728
TI  - Viral hepatitis in the United States Army.

PMID- 960729
TI  - Viral hepatitis in the United States Navy and Marine Corps.
AB  - Two analyses of the Navy and Marine Corps experience with viral hepatitis are
      reported. The first is longitudinal in nature and shows that over the past 100
      years the syndrome has been common and at a relatively steady rate of 100-400
      cases/100,000 average strength/year. The second is an examination of cases in
      calendar year 1974 for demographic, geographic, and occupational patterns. There
      is a strong inverse relationship between disease occurrence and age. Each type of
      viral hepatitis shows a distinct geographic distribution. Navy personnel in
      health-related occupations had a greater risk of acquiring viral hepatitis than
      did other persons on active duty. Differences among other occupational groups
      were found, but valid interpretations could not be made because of the small
      numbers of cases in each category.

PMID- 960730
TI  - Viral hepatitis: problems of incidence and control in military personnel.
AB  - (A) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is now the major cause of infectious viral hepatitis
      in U.S. military personnel and probably also in the civilian population over 15
      years of age. (B) The incidence of icteric, viral hepatitis is much higher in
      U.S. military personnel than in comparable age groups in the civilian population.
      The 17-to 20-year-old enlisted men show the highest rates. (C) In parts of the
      world (e.g., U.S.A., Germany) where most of the inapparent infection is caused by
      the adw subtype of HBV, most of the acute clinical disease is caused by the ayw
      subtype. In the U.S.A. and Germany, 95% or more of HB(s) Ag isolates from U.S.
      military personnel with acute hepatitis is ayw. (D) It may be many years before
      one can expect to have sufficient data for a decision as to the possible
      availability of an effective HBV vaccine. Accordingly, a decision is urgently
      needed regarding either the immediate use of the best practically available
      hepatitis immune gamma globulin, that can be prepared by modern techniques, for
      the prevention of hepatitis in U.S. military personnel or postponement of such
      use until an adequate and properly controlled trial can be carried out in active
      duty military personnel in an area of high incidence.

PMID- 960732
TI  - Religious commitment in medical practice: a preface to the series.

PMID- 960731
TI  - Yale studies of patient care. I. The evaluation of the febrile patient.
AB  - Observations are reported on the variation in evaluation and management of 216
      episodes of fever in 690 patients on four services of a university hospital.
      Twenty-two percent of febrile episodes were not commented upon in the medical
      record. Thirty percent of all fevers and 14% of antibiotic-treated fevers were
      not evaluated with microbiologic cultures. The extent of evaluation varied with
      service and varied directly with the height of the fever and the clinical
      recording of abnormality in temperature.

PMID- 960733
TI  - Religious commitment in medical practice: a Jewish perspective.

PMID- 960734
TI  - [End products of glucose fermentation of Pasteurella multocida and P.
      haemolytica].

PMID- 960735
TI  - [Protein crystals and tubuli bundles in yeast cells. IV. Biochemical and electron
      microscopic studies of the induction of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) crystals].
AB  - Cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis H 60 synthesize alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
      in media containing 2% lactat, 1% ethanol or 0.1% glucose. Crystals may be
      induced in protoplasts of these cells. Increase of glucose concentration in the
      medium results in diminished ADH synthesis and decreased tendency for crystal
      formation. Repression of ADH synthesis by glucose results in the formation of a
      protein (MG 110000 D), the significance of which is discussed. Early stages of
      crystal formation inside the cell are demonstrated electronmicroscopically. At
      first dense material accumulates between opposite membranes of neighbouring
      mitochondria. Within mitochondria frequently membrane bundles occur in close
      vicinity to crystals. These ADH-crystals arise from this material.

PMID- 960736
TI  - [Disturbances of consciousness of old people from internal view (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Any unconsciousness and especially that of old people refers to direct danger to
      life and requires immediate medical intervening. A diagnostic plan will not be
      adequate in association to the multifariour etiological factors and can delay in
      a special case the beginning of an aimed therapy. The unconscious patient must
      have a clinical treatment. The author describes the diagnostic of the most
      important comatose states in the age.

PMID- 960737
TI  - [Changes depend on age in electromyogram -- studies about parameter of motor unit
      action potentials in normal subjects of different age (author's transl)].
AB  - In normal subjects of different age groups electromyographically several muscles
      were examined. The motor unit action potentials were registered and parameters of
      those were evaluated manually and digitally. For all examined muscles was found
      an increase in the duration of potentials with the age. The increase was greatest
      in the younger and older age groups. An interpretation of these findings is
      given.

PMID- 960738
TI  - [Experiences in medicamentous dysphagia prophylaxis in geriatrics (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 960739
TI  - [Ageing an expression of interrelation between organs and tissue of organism
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors starts from results of investigations carried out by himself, dealing
      with biological cell criteria of organ cultures after the donor animals had been
      X-rayed on their entire bodies. He discusses the problem whether ageing is an
      inherent character in all cells. After juvenile rats had been X-rayed, organ
      cultures of their milts and kidneys showed alterations analogous to those of
      "old" donor animals. These alterations could not be detected if the animals were
      killed immediately after X-raying and the cultures were taken then. The
      alteration of biological cell criteria are discussed as an expression of
      interrelations between organs and tissues of organism.

PMID- 960740
TI  - [On the metabolic heterogenity of the cartilage tissue (author's transl)].
AB  - Autoradiografic studies with 3H-thymidine, 3H-proline and 35S-sulfate in
      different cartilage tissues from rabbits and rats (articular and epiphyseal
      cartilage of the knee; costal, xiphoid and tracheal cartilage) were performed.
      The following results were obtained: The proliferative zone of the epiphyseal
      plate of young and adult animals is limited to the superior part of the columnar
      cartilage. The articular cartilage shows no proliferative zones but single S
      phase-nuclei in all layers seldom were found. In the adult animals a decrease of
      DNA-synthetising chondrocytes in all investigated cartilage tissues and a
      narrowing of the proliferative zone could be detected. 3H-proline and 35S-sulfate
      in proliferating chondrocytes of the bone cartilage border line and in
      chondrocytes of the subperichondrial area increasingly were incorporated.
      Possible causes of the regional differences in the uptake of the used precursors
      were discussed and the significance of the metabolic heterogenity of the
      cartilage tissue for aging and pathological processes was pointed to.

PMID- 960741
TI  - [Age dependent changes of biosynthesis of proteins (author's transl)].
AB  - The activity of KC1-washed ribosomes from the liver and the kidney of rats in a
      poly(U) dependent cell free system with [3H]-phe-tRNA as phenylalanine donor is
      highly increased by the cytosolic fraction from liver, brain, kidney and
      testicles. The activity of the cell sap of these tissues decreases significantly
      with increasing age of the rats from which the cytosolic fractions were prepared.
      Ribosomes do not undergo age dependent alterations with regard to their activity
      in poly(U) systems supported by cell sap from rat liver. The results are
      discussed with regard to age dependent change of the content of cytosolic
      translation factors.

PMID- 960742
TI  - [Ageing-changes in collagen -- biosynthesis of collagen (part II) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In the present three parts of the survey on ageing-changes in collagen physical
      and chemical qualities are discussed at first. Further a summary on questions of
      the biosynthesis of collagen, changes of the collagen metabolism in the ageing
      organism organism and changes of the ripening collagen in the living organism is
      given. Following in vitro-ageing-changes of collagen and causes of the changes of
      the ageing organism are described. A summarizing appreciation of the ageing
      changes in the collagen finishes the survey.

PMID- 960743
TI  - [Possibilities for improved care of aged citizens through the creation and
      formation of youth projects. "Coordinated Care of Senior Citizens" (care model
      Zerbst)].

PMID- 960744
TI  - [Diagnosis of neurogenic bladder-emptying disorders in children].

PMID- 960745
TI  - [Value of the so-called colic urogram in the differential diagnosis of acute
      painful conditions in the abdomen].

PMID- 960746
TI  - [Problems of immuno- and mesenchyma-suppressive therapy of inflammatory liver
      diseases].

PMID- 960747
TI  - [Therapy of fatty liver].

PMID- 960748
TI  - [Evaluation of pedigrees explained on the example of progressive muscular
      dystrophy].

PMID- 960749
TI  - [Renal colic--diagnosis and therapy of acute urinary calculus].

PMID- 960750
TI  - [Acute psychiatric conditions and their treatment].

PMID- 960751
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disorders as a common problem of
      neurology and internal medicine from the internal medicine point of view].

PMID- 960752
TI  - [Gastroduodenal ulcer. 1. Pathophysiology of the gastroduodenal ulcer].

PMID- 960753
TI  - [Exocrine pancreatic diagnosis. 1. Diagnostic value, methodological aspects and
      stability of lipase and alpha-amylase-activity in the serum and urine].

PMID- 960754
TI  - [Failures in reconstructive surgery of the kidney pelvis and their causes].

PMID- 960755
TI  - [Methods of oral glucose load--experiences with the 100-gram glucose tolerance
      test].

PMID- 960756
TI  - [Surgical treatment of Dupuytren's contracture].

PMID- 960757
TI  - [Traumatic olfactory and taste disorders].

PMID- 960758
TI  - [Report on the results of group therapy in obesity at a policlinic].

PMID- 960759
TI  - [Current physical therapy--purposeful use with special reference to ambulatory
      care].

PMID- 960760
TI  - [Various methods of district comparision on mortality and morbidity].

PMID- 960761
TI  - [Effectiveness of an appointment system in a large polyclinic as well as its
      influence factors on waiting- and treatment times].

PMID- 960762
TI  - [Does vitamin D influence myocardial infarct?].

PMID- 960763
TI  - [Development and organisation of cardiorespiratory function testing in GDR
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Acute and chronic respiratory diseases amount to a remarkable portion of all
      cases and days of disability. The systematic care especially for the chronic
      respiratory diseases has become the task of the Out Patient Departments of
      Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis in cooperation with the general practitioners
      and physicians for industrial medicine. The diagnostics of chronic respiratory
      diseases among which more than the half of all cases gets to chronic bronchitis,
      pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma has still to be qualified. Function
      testing allows to subdivide chronic bronchitis in nonobstructive and obstructive
      forms and to gain measurable and comparable assessments of cardiopulmonary
      limitations of efficiency. By oxyergotensiometry and examination of the diffusion
      capacity disturbances of ventilation, perfusion and diffusion and combinations of
      these can be analyzed by blood-gas analysis, ergometric examination and testing
      of diffusion capacity. Those investigations can be supplemented by determination
      of breathing mechanics. The development of cardiorespiratory function testing
      will take place step by step in different levels of accomplishment. These levels
      have to cooperate for getting an optimal picture of a disease. The extension of
      the methods of pulmonary function testing in the lung hospitals and the chest
      clinics since 1970 is reported.

PMID- 960764
TI  - Models of respiratory insufficiency in view of lung function diagnostics and
      pathogenetic analysis (author's transl).
AB  - Organizing principles of lung function diagnostics and of research in the field
      of pathophysiology of respiratory insufficiency are developed starting from
      fundamental requirements, which are practical effectivity, scientific basement,
      technical development and teamwork of specialists in a complementary system.
      Technique of screening level, primary oriented of effectivity, is based on the
      simple monoalveolar model of ventilation. Basal lung function diagnostics,
      primary oriented on objectivity, representing the total of pulmonary impairment
      is based on the model  of arterial hypoxemia. Condition and limitations of these
      models are discussed preparing its substitution by models of complex lung
      function analysis in the higher level diagnostic system.

PMID- 960765
TI  - [Pathophysiology of respiratory disturbances in children (author's transl)].
AB  - Physiological conditions of respiration in children are defined especially by -
      relative hyperventilation because of high oxygen uptake per body surface, -
      relative narrow and soft airways with high tendency to obstruction, causing
      atelectasis, pneumonia or severe bronchiolitis. It is useful to differentiate
      between bronchiolitis and spastic or asthmatoid bronchitis, the latter being
      sensible to Adrenalin and developing to asthma of adults. Characteristical signs
      of asthmatoid bronchitis are bronchial hyperreactivity, increased airway
      resistance and residual volume, decreased FEV 1, pulmonary compliance, arterial
      PO2 and PCO2 with signs of pulmonary inhomogeneity. Mucviscidosis, starting from
      abnormal viscosity of bronchial secretion, is functionally characterized by
      similar signs, so are increased RV with air-trapping, decreased FEV 1, VC, PO2a
      and pulmonary inhomogeneity. Diffuse progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
      (HAMMAN-RICH) of acute type being mostly lethal in children up to 2 years of age
      and of subacute type in older children shows diffusion disturbance and
      characteristical ventilation disturbance with reduction of inspiratory reserve
      volume and enlargement of functional residual capacity but normal FEV 1.
      Disturbances are sensible to corticoid-therapy.

PMID- 960766
TI  - [New aspects in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma (author's transl)].
AB  - Bronchial asthma is a polyetiological syndrome. Not only different immunological
      reactions (atopic reactions, immune-complex reaction, cell mediated
      sensitisation) but also unspecific mechanisms are of importance. Bronchial
      obstruction becomes manifest with bronchial spasm, edema, and dyscrinia
      especially in the small airways. Methods are described for diagnosis of small
      airways obstruction. Inhomogenous bronchial obstruction is of paramount
      importance for the disturbances of oxygenation.

PMID- 960767
TI  - [Experimental model of bronchial asthma (author's transl)].
AB  - Allergic asthma-like attacks were induced in guinea pigs by intraperitoneal
      injections of Ovalbumin and following inhalation of Ovalbumin aerosol. The
      animals were narcotized, tracheotomized and a small catheter was placed in mid
      oesophagus. The quantities: oesophageal pressure, respiratory flow and tidal
      volume were measured and recorded on magnetic tape during spontaneous breathing.
      A technique was applied for automated computation of the parameters of
      respiratory mechanics using a digital computer. The parameters compliance,
      resistance, work of breathing and power of breathing showed typical pathological
      variances and characteristic response-curves in the experimental phases during
      and after the asthma attacks. These parameters became normal after the injection
      of Alupent.

PMID- 960768
TI  - [Tonus of respiratory muscles in acetycholine hypotonia (author's transl)].
AB  - The importance of respiratory muscles in relation to circulation and ventilation
      was investigated in acute hypotonia after acetylcholin injection. The tonus of
      respiratory muscles was assessed by measuring the circumference of chest and
      abdomen. Changes of volume of the body cavities were examined by body
      plethysmography. A significant relation between the increase of circumferences of
      the chest and abdomen and increase of lung volume was registered. The authors
      conclude, that the tonus of the respiratory muscles determines the volume of
      chest and abdomen and influences the distribution of blood.

PMID- 960769
TI  - [Disorders of breathing and following gas embolism of the CNS in rats (author's
      transl)].
AB  - We could produce an acute respiratory insufficiency after injection of O2, CO2 or
      N2 into the arteria carotis. This resulted in apnea, increase of blood pressure,
      changes of respiratory rate and coma. The paralysis of the respiratory centre was
      reversible in some cases by artificial ventilation.

PMID- 960770
TI  - [Animal models of chronic lung diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - General aspects of experimental work modelling chronic lung diseases are
      described starting from experimental lung emphysema and silicosis in rats.
      Bodyplethysmography was used for the evaluation of the respiratory functions.

PMID- 960771
TI  - [On the epidemiology of recurrent and chronic brochopulmonary diseases-an
      examination of about 18000 children. 2. Investigations in the district of
      Quedlinburg (author's transl)].
AB  - Report of an epidemiological study in the district of Quedlinburg. This district
      comprises parts of the mountains of the Harz and an area in front of the
      Mountains. 4544 children were examined in the age-groups 5.-6., 8.-9., 11.-12.
      and 14.-15. years of life. In 3,4% of all children a chronic or recurrent
      nonspecific lung disease was discovered (in 2,5% a recurrent bronchitis, in 0,48%
      a chronic bronchitis and in 0,24% bronchial asthma). With increasing age the
      number of diseased children decreases. Differences in the frequency of the
      diseases between boys and girls could not be found. There were no differences in
      the rate of the diseases between the towns with somewhat higher degree of air
      pollution (Quedlinburg and Thale) and the other parts of the district. The
      frequency of bronchitis however was significantly higher in the mountains of the
      Hartz than in the lower situated territory, perhaps due to the rougher climate in
      the mountains.

PMID- 960772
TI  - [On the epidemiology of recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases-an
      examination of about 18000 children. 3. Investigation in the district of
      Merseburg (author's transl)].
AB  - In the district of Merseburg, characterized by a very high degree of air
      pollution, we have examined 4445 children of the following 4 age-groups 5.-6., 8.
      9., 11.-12., and 14.-16. years of life. As a result we found 3,04% of them
      suffering from recurrent bronchitis, 0,34% from chronic bronchitis and 0,43% from
      bronchial asthma. The frequency of morbidity on recurrent and chronic bronchitis
      lowered with increasing age of the children. In asthma, however, this relation
      did not exist. There were no differences of the frequency of chronic or recurrent
      bronchitis between the two sexes, but boys suffered much more often from asthma
      than girls. In places with a high degree of air pollution the frequency of
      morbidity was significantly higher than in places with somewhat lower air
      pollution.

PMID- 960773
TI  - [On the epidemiology of recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases-an
      examination of about 18000 children. 4. Investigation in the cities of Halle and
      Halle-Neustadt (author's transl)].
AB  - In Halle, an old city, and Halle-Neustadt, a town built in the past 10 years, our
      investigation was performed on 4418 children. We ascertained chronic or recurrent
      nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases in 3,1% of them. 2,4% suffered from
      recurrent bronchitis, 0,4% from chronic bronchitis and 0,3% from bronchial
      asthma. Significant differences in the morbidity between the sexes were found
      only in asthma: boys were fallen ill twice often than girls. The frequency of
      morbidity lowered with increasing age significantly. Between Halle and Halle
      Neustadt significant differences existed: in the old parts of Halle (especially
      in the centre, the eastern and southern districts) there were much more sick
      children than in the newly-built town.

PMID- 960774
TI  - [On the epidemiology of recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases-an
      examination of about 18000 children. 5. Investigations in Wolfen and Bitterfeld
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Bitterfeld and Wolfen are towns with extremely polluted air, due to important
      plants of the chemical industry. In two different actions we examined 3634
      children of four different groups of age. As a result we found 7,8% of them (281
      children) suffering from chronic or recurrent nonspecific bronchopulmonary
      diseases (7,0% suffering from recurrent or chronic bronchitis, and 0,8% from
      bronchial asthma). The rate of morbidity was the same in both towns. It was
      significantly higher than in the other districts examined by us (Halle,
      Merseburg, Quedlinburg). In contrast to the other districts we found in
      Bitterfeld and Wolfen only an insignificant decrease of the morbity rate with
      increasing age of the children.

PMID- 960775
TI  - [Legal regulations in the field of tuberculosis control in the German Democratic
      Republic. 2nd regulation for the prevention and control of tuberculosis issued on
      15 May 1975 (Gesezbl. d. DDR, Teil I Nr 28/1975 p. 521)].

PMID- 960776
TI  - [Frequency of chronic bronchitis-results of epidemiologic research in the GDR
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The frequency of chronic bronchitis among 33000 persons, selected by
      randomization, between 35 and 64 years of age, living in 4 large cities and 24
      selected districts with different air pollution levels in GDR was investigated. A
      chronic bronchitis questionnaire and measurement of FVC, FEV1, PO2 were used to
      test each person, partially broncho-provocation-tests with histamin aerosols were
      performed. According to this investigation 6% of the men and 2.8% of the women
      suffered from CNSLD. In this group of diseased persons 50% showed obstructive
      disturbances of ventilation, 20% signs of decreased physical fitness due to
      respiratory disorders and 10% a manifested respiratory insufficiency.

PMID- 960777
TI  - Respiratory symptoms and lung function disturbances in a polluted area of the
      Netherlands, compared with a rural area.
AB  - In an epidemiological field survey of CNSLD 1800 men and women aged 15-64 were
      studied in a rural area and an industrial area. In each person a standardized
      interview, lung function tests, cardiac examinations, analysis of the phlegm and
      chest X-ray were performed. The interview conducted with the standard
      questionnaire gives very good information regarding chronic effects of smoking
      and atmospheric pollution. Spirometry seems to be a sensitive method for
      registering an acute disturbances caused by air pollution.

PMID- 960778
TI  - [The 2nd decree on prevention and control of tuberculosis; new tasks and
      perspectives for pneumonology in GDR (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].
AB  - At July 1st the tasks of the former chest clinics, now integrated into the
      polyclinical system as polyclinical departments for respiratory diseases and
      tuberculosis are fixed and declared by decree and 3 regulations in the field of
      pneumology. This new orientation is part of the general development of socialist
      public health system concerning all reactes of health care. The unity of
      prevention, diagnostics, treatment and surveillance (metaphylaxis) will be
      emphasized in all respects. The 3 regulations concern the tasks of the
      polyclinical departments for respiratory diseases and tuberculosis, mass x-ray
      examinations and BCG-vaccination.

PMID- 960779
TI  - [Frequency of disturbances of pulmonary function in 4 cities of the GDR (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 8369 men aged 35-64 were surveyed in 4 cities. The levels of FVC, FEV, pO2a were
      examined in connection with the standard questionnaire. The problems of lung
      function testing in epidemiological studies are discussed.

PMID- 960780
TI  - [Functional diagnosis of CNSLD in epidemiological surveys-results of the
      population study in Halle 1974 (author's transl)].
AB  - The problems of lung function testing methods in epidemiological studies were
      assessed in a study population of 853 men aged 40-70. The Helium-rebreathing
      method, the X-ray densitometry, the oxygen-method were evaluated for the
      estimation of the residual volume in epidemiological conditions. The Pneumotest
      was proved for measurement of unequal ventilation. The necessity of reference
      values for these methods is discussed.

PMID- 960781
TI  - [Rhinomanometric findings during brine aerosol inhalations (author's transl)].
AB  - Brine aerosol inhalations cause reactions of the nasal mucous membrane and the
      submucousal vascular bed as is shown by rhinomanometric examinations of healthy
      persons and patients suffering from various kinds of rhinitis. Changes in the
      resistance as a whole differ from those in partial resistances. The reactions are
      depending on the form of inhalation, the spectrum and concentration of the
      aerosol, climatic parameters and the pathophysiologic condition of the nasal
      mucosa.

PMID- 960782
TI  - [Clinical treatment of tracheoesophageal fistulas due to foreign bodies (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Swallowed foreign bodies, fixed in the esophagus, are not uncommon in childhood.
      Their symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. An
      expectant attitude is justified in regard to smaller fistulas and in big fistulas
      due to foreign bodies up to the remission of the localized inflammatory reaction.
      The present surgical methods are reviewed in the light of recent literature and a
      case study of a child cured by segmental resection of the trachea.

PMID- 960783
TI  - [The main principles in the organization of pulmonary care in USSR (author's
      transl)].
AB  - It is reported on the systematic development and on the graduated distribution of
      tasks in the field of pneumonology in the different stages of medical care. The
      greatest importance has the physician in the basic care, the therapeut in the
      territory. He is advised in diagnostic and therapy by the pneumonologist in the
      special departments of the polyclinics. These will get the assistance of the
      special hospital institutions of the districts and countries. Connections to the
      antituberculosis network exist at several places of the country. They are
      favoured in future development.

PMID- 960784
TI  - [Experiences with the mediastinoscopy for the diagnostics of silicosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 122 patients, suspicious for silicoses, with a history of silicogen dust
      exposure, radiological changes and restricted lung function values were examined
      by mediastinal biopsy for securing the diagnosis. In 82 patients (67,2%) a
      silicosis could be confirmed by histological examinations of the mediastinal
      lymph nodes. A close association between silicosis in the lungs and in the lymph
      nodes is empirically suggested. If the histological findings were in compliance
      with suspicious radiological changes and patients history, silicosis was
      acknowledged as an occupational disease. In patients with beginning silicotic
      changes in the peripheral two upper lung fields associated with an hilar
      hyperplasia, a higher proportion of positive results could be found. The most
      positive alterations were found in the lymph nodes of the right hilus. The
      mediastinoscopical findings in other parts proved not to be so yielding.
      Therefore, in cases with anatomical difficulties the surgical examination should
      not be extended to other parts.

PMID- 960785
TI  - [Preventive chemotherapy in persons with silicosis and silicotuberculosis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In some countries extensive research is carried out on preventing tuberculous
      disease by administration of INH. In GDR since about 1960 chemopreventive
      measures were taken in cases of silicosis and silicotuberculosis too. More than
      2000 patients of the Magdeburg Pneumoconiosis Center were followed-up from 1960
      to 1969. The high risk of tuberculous disease of 21% in the group of silicosis
      patients without administration of INH could be reduced to 14% after preventive
      administration of INH. However, such clear effects were observed only under
      optimal conditions, that is sufficient dosage, duration and reliability of
      treatment. On the base of these results and other publications patients with
      silicosis with and without tuberculous residues should be included into the
      programmes of preventive chemotherapy of the chest clinics.

PMID- 960786
TI  - [On the epidemiology of recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases-an
      examination of about 18000 children. 1. Planning and organization of the
      investigation (author's transl)].
AB  - The planning and organization of an epidemiological investigation is reported to
      find out the frequency of chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNSLD) in childhood
      as a whole and in special groups of age. By investigating regions with different
      air pollution we tried to study the influence of air pollution on the frequency
      of childhood lung diseases. Therefore, we examined nearly 5000 children in the
      city of Halle and in the districts of Quedlinburg, Merseburg and Bitterfeld. The
      children belonged to the age-groups 5.-6., 8.-9., 11.-12. and 14.-15. years of
      life in nearly the same number. The investigations were performed by different
      groups of investigators. However, by equal terms of reference and uniform
      evaluation of the results by two of us the results of the four districts are
      comparable with each other.

PMID- 960787
TI  - [Metabolic effect of coffee and caffeine].
AB  - Coffee and its most important constituent, caffeine, may not only stimulate the
      function of many organs but also increase the metabolism in the body. These
      effects require a higher energy production which is mainly obtained from striated
      muscles by glycogenolysis and from fat tissue by lipolysis. Sutherland and
      Butcher were able to demonstrate that these degradation processes are primarily
      caused by an increase of cyclic 3,5-AMP. - In this connection caffeine and other
      methylxanthines are of special interest because these compounds also increase the
      intracellular amount of cyclic 3,5-AMP. This effect may be caused by an
      inhibition of phosphodiesterase, a release of catecholamines with resulting
      stimulation of adenylcyclase or by competitive inhibition of adenosine. At the
      present time it cannot be said which of these mechanisms primarily is involved in
      the in vivo effects of caffeine and other methylxanthines.

PMID- 960788
TI  - Biological effects of transfatty acids.
AB  - Transfatty acids are geometrical isomers of the naturally occurring cis-fatty
      acids, and their molecular configuration is more like that of the corresponding
      saturated fatty acid. In view of the large amounts of trans-acids in commercially
      prepared margarines, metabolic studies with trans-acids have received a great
      deal of attention. Although there are differences in the absorption and digestion
      of trans-acids and although considerable amounts are deposited in various
      tissues, no definite signs of toxicity have been observed. An important finding
      is the increased requirement for essential fatty acids in animals fed high levels
      of trans-acids. In recent work carried out in Kummerow's laboratory, aortic
      lesions were found in swine fed large amounts of trans-acids. Evaluation of the
      data suggests that factors other than trans-acids, per se, may have been
      responsible for the occurrence of the lesions. As yet, there does not seem to be
      any valid reason why trans-acids should be excluded from the diet as long as
      their intake is associated with a high enough level of essential fatty acids in
      the diet.

PMID- 960789
TI  - Amido black dye binding of alfalfa and forage legume protein.
AB  - Although dye binding has been suggested for the determination of alfalfa protein
      content, a standard method has not been advanced. More data are necessary on the
      conditions required for the dye-protein reaction. Reaction times of 8, 12 and 24
      hours and reaction temperatures of 50, 55, 60 and 65 degrees C were selected to
      obtain dye binding values (DBV) with the Foss Pro-Milk apparatus. A correlation
      of 0.88 with macro-Kjeldahl values was obtained. 60 degrees C and 24 hours
      reaction time can be considered conditions yielding maximum DBV. It is suggested
      to develop a standard method for the routine measurement of forage legume
      content.

PMID- 960790
TI  - Coffee and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 960791
TI  - [Utilization of xylitol in the isolation-perfused myocardium of the rat].
AB  - 1. In the rat heart muscle, only 3 to 4% of the oxygen-consumption can be
      referred to xylitol utilization. With xylitol as only substrate the heart is
      working under substrate deficiency conditions. 2. Diabetes mellitus does not
      improve the xylitol utilization in the rat heart muscle. 3. The data are compared
      with the activities of xylitol degrading enzymes in the heart muscle.

PMID- 960792
TI  - [Ultrasonic determination of subcutaneous adipose tissue and body fat].
AB  - We measured with the ultrasonic reflexion method the breadth of the subcutaneous
      adipose tissue at the following anatomical sites: subscapulare, triceps and on
      the lateral margin of the m. pectoralis on the chest. The percentual body fat can
      be calculated from the formula: % body fat = 22 - log / 2 - sum of the breadths
      on the three sites / -20.5 If we measure also the breadth on the abdominal point
      the % body fat is 22 - log / 1.5 - sum on the four sites / -20.5. The so
      calculated numerical results are with the skinfold measurements in best
      correlation.

PMID- 960793
TI  - [Teratogenic and mutagenic studies with caffeine in the animal experiment].
AB  - Principles of teratogenic and mutagenic actions are defined. The recent
      experimental studies with laboratory animals, and our investigations with
      caffeine-sodium benzoicum and with soluble coffee in pregnant rats and mice
      showed no teratogenicity. The results are compared with specific teratogenic
      effects of cytostatic agents. A teratogenicity of caffeine can be excluded, a
      mutagenicity in animal experiments can also not be proved.

PMID- 960794
TI  - [Multichannel EEG spectral analysis of the caffeine effect].
AB  - By means of multichannel Eeg spectral analysis the central effects of caffeine
      have been investigated during a controlled factorial study with 9 male
      volunteers. The effects of coffee and caffeine solution with equal concentration,
      decaffeinated coffee and hot water have been compared on the basis of analysis of
      variance. The factorial experimental design implemented a randomization
      concerning the sequence of substances as well as days of week. The principal
      findings are following: coffee and caffeine solution of equal concentration on
      the one hand cannot be readily distinguished concerning their Eeg effects, on the
      other hand the decaffeinated coffee and hot water exhibit very similar Eeg
      effects. Very marked differences, however, have been found between the two groups
      of substances. Coffee and caffeine solution both produce a remarkable, highly
      significant reduction of theta-amplitude, dominant theta-frequency and theta
      frequency-variation. The alterations within the alpha range are mainly increase
      of dominant frequency and decrease of amplitude. These findings may be
      interpreted as signs of remarkable activation and elevation of vigilance. It
      should be pointed out that the Eeg effects of caffeine, as well as those of other
      compounds with central effects, are characterized by topographically different
      effects. These are not only quantitative, but partially qualitative differences.

PMID- 960795
TI  - [Metabolism studies with coffee and caffeine in healthy subjects, diabetics and
      patients with liver disease].
AB  - Peroral application of caffeine or theophylline causes a significant increase of
      the free fatty acids and the free glycerol of the serum; blood sugar and
      cholesterol are not influenced. FFA and free glycerol decrease during the day by
      food intake, blood sugar and triglycerides rise. The ingestion of coffee (1-3
      cups) does not influence fat and carbohydrate metabolism. To induce a significant
      increase of lipolysis and of serum triglyceride levels high caffeine doses (1000
      mg) are required. Summarizing the data presented, the authors conclude that
      coffee intake (at dosages compatible with normal nutrition) does not deteriorate
      glucose tolerance and does not interfere with the fat metabolism. Our findings
      are confirmed by epidemiologic investigations which have shown that coffee intake
      is no risk factor for myocardial infarction.

PMID- 960796
TI  - [Psychologic study of experienced coffee effect].
AB  - In dealing with the psychological effects of coffee a distinction is drawn
      between three components of the subjective or experimential effect: the primary
      effect, which relates to the perception of the coffee beverage; the secondary
      effect, which stems from the ergotropic effect of coffee; and the tertiary
      effect, which is due to visceral sensations and which is a major contributor to
      the experience of digestability and wholesomeness. Results pertaining to these
      three components, their interaction, and their correlation with physiological and
      behavioral effects of coffee are discussed. The variability of research findings
      relating to the secondary effect is explained on the basis of the psychological
      activation theory. Relevant motivational, attitudinal, and moderator effects,
      which psychological coffee research will have to take into account, are
      described. Methods already available for psychological coffee research, including
      suitable techniques of experimentation and measurement, are presented together
      with three illustrative examples.

PMID- 960797
TI  - [Differential sensitivity of skin resistance in motor conflicts].

PMID- 960798
TI  - [Perceived parental child-raising style in juvenile delinquents].

PMID- 960799
TI  - ["Representivity" and the formation of clinical diagnosis. Diagnostic behavior of
      clinical experts].

PMID- 960800
TI  - [Probability-critical case diagnosis in psychiatry represented by the example of
      hebephrenia].

PMID- 960801
TI  - [Hygienic problems of air moistening in children's facilities].

PMID- 960802
TI  - [City climate and its significance for man].

PMID- 960803
TI  - [Demarcation of a fixed and a movable coarse dust emitter by simple means].

PMID- 960804
TI  - [The effectiveness of hygienic control measures shown on the example of drinking
      water].

PMID- 960805
TI  - [Trends in noise development in schools of the Erfurt and Suhl districts].

PMID- 960806
TI  - [Feral domestic pigeons as a hygienic problem in big cities--the situation in
      Magdeburg].

PMID- 960807
TI  - [Problems of hygiene for undertakers].

PMID- 960808
TI  - [Screening tests in infectious hepatitis risk groups].

PMID- 960809
TI  - [Governmental testing of fluorescence labeled test sera].

PMID- 960810
TI  - [The effect of rhodanides on the immune response].

PMID- 960811
TI  - [Current testing methods for live measles and mumps vaccines].

PMID- 960812
TI  - [The suitability of a buffered gelatin-saccharose medium for the lyophilization
      of Mycoplasma pneumoniae].

PMID- 960813
TI  - [Measurements on immission rates of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride at
      Erfurt cathedral and the damage to glass paintings].

PMID- 960814
TI  - [The current situation of leptospiroses in the GDR].

PMID- 960815
TI  - [Determination of phenol by means of the 4-aminoantipyrine method].

PMID- 960816
TI  - [The joint responsibility of general practitioners and hygienists in shaping
      socialist living conditions--introductory paper to theme complex 3].

PMID- 960817
TI  - [Legislation concerning communal hygienic issues and its practical effectiveness
      in rural areas of the GDR].

PMID- 960818
TI  - [The rural physician and health and environmental protection].

PMID- 960819
TI  - [Studies on electrochemical phase separation for communal waste water].

PMID- 960820
TI  - [Tasks and perspectives of the physician and his coworkers in the improvement of
      health care and environmental protection in rural areas].

PMID- 960821
TI  - [Development of morbidity and organization of medical care in the European
      countries and the tasks and perspectives of the general practitioner-
      introductory report to the theme complex 1].

PMID- 960822
TI  - [Specific features of the organization and centralization of medical care in the
      rural areas of the USSR].

PMID- 960823
TI  - [Health care of children and adolescents in rural areas--introductory report to
      theme complex 2].

PMID- 960824
TI  - [Physical growth of children in relation to the size of the settlement].

PMID- 960825
TI  - [International trends in the development of occupational hygiene in agriculture;
      an introductory paper to theme complex 4].

PMID- 960826
TI  - [Occupational hygienic studies in agriculture and their importance for
      occupational medical care--introductory paper to theme complex 4].

PMID- 960827
TI  - [Changes in working conditions in industrially producing agriculture].

PMID- 960828
TI  - [Occupational hygienic problems in animal husbandry in the CSSR].

PMID- 960830
TI  - [Prevention and rehabilitation of chronic diseases in agriculture and forestry].

PMID- 960829
TI  - [Results of studies on the health conditions and fitness of the most important
      groups of agricultural workers].

PMID- 960831
TI  - [Gynecological diseases in women from rural areas].

PMID- 960832
TI  - [Industrial medical problems in agriculture--comprehensive report on the trip to
      the cooperative plant production department Priborn].

PMID- 960833
TI  - [Experiences and recommendations for the serodiagnosis of brucellosis using
      screening tests].

PMID- 960834
TI  - [Occupational-medical care of agricultural workers susceptible to infections].

PMID- 960835
TI  - [Advances made in experimental and epidemiological research in the field of
      occupational medicine].

PMID- 960837
TI  - [Assessing noise situations in communities with the aid of equivalent continuous
      noise levels from the standpoint of practical use].

PMID- 960836
TI  - [Physical effects of immissions].

PMID- 960838
TI  - [Hygienic and antimicrobial regimen of public health facilities connected with
      efforts made in further improving public health services].

PMID- 960839
TI  - [Testing bacterial oral vaccines by means of cytoadherence technic].

PMID- 960840
TI  - [Orally administered nystatin to newborn infants in the prevention of
      candidiasis].

PMID- 960841
TI  - [Infestation of inhabitants of Dresden with stationary ectoparasitic arthropods].

PMID- 960842
TI  - [Use of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the cultivation of Myxovirus influenzae].

PMID- 960843
TI  - [Significance of the subjective factor in medical sociology].

PMID- 960844
TI  - [Desire to have a child as an example of the significance of the subjective
      factor in human reproduction].

PMID- 960845
TI  - [Role of the "Marriage and Family" Section in the field of family planning in the
      German Democratic Republic].

PMID- 960846
TI  - [10 years of marriage counseling in Rostock].

PMID- 960847
TI  - [Effect of social conditions in the family and the parents' home as a
      prerequisite for the success of health education].

PMID- 960848
TI  - [Attitudes of 11th and 12th grade pupils to partnership, marriage and family. A
      comparison between an industrial and a farming community].

PMID- 960849
TI  - [Relationship between premature births and the social environment].

PMID- 960850
TI  - [Working and non-working mothers and the upbringing of children as well as their
      number. A comparative study].

PMID- 960851
TI  - [Transitional symptoms, adverse effects and incidents in hormone-substitution
      therapy].
AB  - Patients underlying the permanent endocrine substitution need a particular
      control and a competent conduction on account of their endangering by
      intercurrent events. Highly specialised knowledge of the physician and intensive
      collaboration of the patient from this reciprocity lead to essential aspects of
      the prophylaxis of the crisis-like exacerbations exhibited in detail. The optimum
      substitution is supplemented by issuing information and emergency cards. When the
      patient possesses such cards they will become of decisive importance in an urgent
      therapy necessary outside the controlling facility.

PMID- 960852
TI  - [Objectivation of the cardiac insufficiency load index--a comparison between
      spiroergometry and stretch-index].
AB  - It was shown that reduction in exercise capacity because of latent heart
      insufficiency could be significantly demonstrated by the so-called pre-ejection
      index PI, measured under conditions of rest. On the other hand, normals did not
      show any significant interrelation between PI and parameters related to exercise
      capacity, obtained by spiroergometric measurements. The pre-ejection index PI is
      a non-invasive parameter which compares the pre-ejection period in upright and
      supine posture. Since spiroergometric measurements could not be made under vita
      maxima conditions, PI values were compared with parameters of submaximal
      exercise. Exercise was performed on the bicycle ergometer, with oxygen
      consumption and heart rate being recorded. Measuring results also revealed that
      by means of the pre-ejection index the necessity and effectiveness of glycoside
      medication may be objectively defined. Measuring techniques are described and
      statistically processed data are presented.

PMID- 960853
TI  - [Measurement of kidney concentrating ability in children with nonrenal
      glycosuria].
AB  - In non-renal (diabetic) glucosuria we did not find any statistically real
      relations between the concentration of glucose in the urine and cryoscopically
      measured osmolality in children with healthy kidneys. The close negative
      correlation of the conductance of the urine to the concentration of glucose is
      not only to be explained by changes of the viscosity, but is an expression of an
      increased re-absorption of sodium as a result of a compensatory
      hyperaldosteronism. In renal insufficiency the electrolytic conductibility of the
      urine is lower than the borderline area of the normal, even when under influence
      of the glucose excretion the osmolality of the urine is still to be found normal.
      Thus also on the conditions of a considerable glucosuria we can further judge the
      concentrating ability of the kidney in diabetes mellitus with the help of the
      measurement of the conductance of the urine.

PMID- 960854
TI  - [Problem of catheter-embolism following subclavian puncture].
AB  - The catheterisation into the subclavian vein is important in the intensive
      therapy and for the prolonged parenteral nutrition. Numerous complications are
      described. In 300 catheterisations into the subclavian vein we observed 3 damages
      of catheters. The causes damages of catheters are investigated with the help of
      experiments. Recommendations to the prevention of the damage and the embolism of
      the subclavian catheters are given.

PMID- 960855
TI  - [X-ray findings in bones of patients with chronic renal insufficiency under
      chronic hemodialysis program].
AB  - In the chronic dialysis program, taking into consideration the duration of the
      dialysis, we sought in 25 patients (average age 34 years) for the radiological
      signs of the uraemic osteopathy, of the ectosteal calcification and the vascular
      calcification of the type Monkeberg. In our patients a radiologically visible
      affection was to be proved at a duration of the dialysis of more than 3 months.
      Size and kind of the alterations depended on the age of the patients. In patients
      younger than 40 years we established an accumulation of isolated soft tissue or
      osseous processes, in patients older than 40 years the combination of
      multilocular osseous changes with calcification of the soft tissue or vascular
      calcium was of interest. Calcifications of the vessels of type Monkeberg we could
      not find in patients younger than 40 years also at a duration of the dialysis of
      more than 1 year. This work shall be starting point of further observations on
      patients with chronic renal insufficiency during the course of dialysis,
      especially after changing of the calcium content of the dialysis solution.

PMID- 960856
TI  - [Differentiation of organic heart diseases and functionally conditioned
      cardiovascular disorders with special reference to heart-ache].
AB  - Functional cardiovascular disturbances are very often in daily practice. Making
      of the diagnosis is possible by the exclusion of organic heart diseases, the
      behaviour and the special personal structure of the patient. Functional
      cardiovascular disturbances may manifest themselves as disturbances of the
      cardiac rhythm, circulatory dysregulations and so-called heart-aches, in which
      cases most different variations are possible. They coincide isolately, but also
      additionally with organic heart diseases, which emphasizes the necessity of
      thorough examinations. In detail the author enters into heart-ache and its
      differentiation in concomitant unspecific changes of the final part in the ECG.

PMID- 960857
TI  - [Significance of mental factors in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardias].
AB  - In this paper is reported on two cases of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. The
      clinical and paraclinical examinations did not reveal any organic heart disease,
      the psychological one, however, found a very severe neurotic personality
      disorder. Antiarrhythmic drugs were ineffective in both cases. Meanwhile one
      female patient went through a brief psychotherapy which dismissed the arrhythmia.

PMID- 960858
TI  - [Simultaneous incidence of chronic dissecans aortic aneurysm and bidirectional
      tachydardia].
AB  - In a 68-year-old patient during a therapy with digitalis and saluretics with
      maintenance doses a severe cardiac insufficiency develops. After intravenous
      injection of K-strophantoside temporarily a bidirectional tachycardia developed
      which enforced a discontinuation of the K-strophantoside therapy. A deterioration
      of the cardiac insufficiency caused the resumption of the strophantine treatment
      under the protection of novocamide (procainamide) and panangine (magnesium
      asparagin. anhydr. and calcium asparagin. anhydr.) without reappearance of a
      bidirectional tachycardia. The patient died of a severe cardiovascular
      insufficiency. If the bidirectional tachycardia appears in severe cardiac
      insufficiency a continuation of the treatment with K-strophantoside can be tried
      under the protection of antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 960859
TI  - [Problems of idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy].
AB  - It is reported on the course of an idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy in a
      younger man which could be observed during three years. After a longer period
      free of symptoms acutely appeared the signs of a myocardial failure, in which
      case disturbances of cardiac rhythm at length caused death. In detail the
      clinical fingings, pathologo-anatomical changes as well as the differential
      diagnostic considerations are discussed, which are important for the demarcation
      of the other forms of the idiopathic and secondary cardiomyopathies.

PMID- 960860
TI  - [Quintary hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - The quartary and quintary hyperparathyroidism is observed following a primary
      hyperparathyroidism, in which the removal of the adenoma of the parathyroid did
      not lead to a reduction of the process of the disease. The nephropathy which
      developed during the basic disease and continued to exist after the operation
      leads to repeated consequences for the mineral metabolism which cause a condition
      of parathyroidal load and after this again an adenomatous process. The author
      adopts a definite attitude to the problems of heuristic biochemical parameters
      and generally to the question of such consecutive reactions.

PMID- 960861
TI  - [Studies on the functional ability of swine liver perfused with human blood in
      machine recirculation attempt. Experiment design, elimination of indocyanine
      green, galactose, bilirubin and ammonia, synthesis of urea, bile secretion].
AB  - In 11 machine experiments of recirculation the abilities of survival and
      functioning of livers of dwarf pigs perfused with human preserved blood were
      tested with the help of the eliminations of indocyanine green, galactose,
      bilirubin and ammonia from a closed circulation. Further urea-nitrogen were
      measured as indicator of the urea synthesis and bile secretion. The perfusion of
      the animal livers was carried out in 9 cases only through the portal vein. The
      values of the blood flow were between 0.4 and 1.0ml pro g liver tissue and minute
      in portal pressure values about 15 cm water column. Two recirculations were
      carried out with additional flow through the hepatic artery with about 1/5 of the
      whole blood flow. The results of the experiments described prove a pretty good
      functional performance of the perfused with human blood livers of dwarf pigs
      during several hours. The different animal livers, however, showed at the
      beginning as well as during the further course of the perfusion clear differences
      concerning their functional capacity. Decrease of the blood flow values below 0.5
      ml pro g liver tissue lead to functional loss. The additional flow through the
      hepatic artery yielded no better results, compared with the only perfusion of the
      animal liver through the portal vein.

PMID- 960862
TI  - [Studies on the functional ability of swine liver perfused with human blood in
      machine recirculation attempt. 2. Behavior of serochemical parameters].
AB  - In the present paper is reported on the behavior of different serochemical
      parameters in heterologous perfusion of the liver of pigs. The perfusion of the
      animal livers was carried out with preserved human blood in 11 recirculation
      experiments (closed machine circulations). In addition to this an empty
      circulation with human blood without attachment to an animal liver was carried
      out, whereby otherwise the arrangement of the experiment was the same, in order
      to take into consideration the effects of the blood traumatisation in the
      interpretation of the results. The enzymes GOT and LAP proved as sensible
      indicators of the lesion of the liver cells occurring in the perfusion of the
      liver of the pigs. The behavior of the mitochondrial GDH as well as of the
      lysosomal enzymes SP and BETA-GC which scarcely increased during the
      recirculations in the perfusate blood, however, allows the conclusion that there
      did not appear a severe lesion of the liver cells (necrobiosis) during several
      hours of perfusion. A cholestasis did not develop during the perfusions, when one
      takes as basis the behavior of the enzymes AP, GGTP and AAP indicating
      cholestasis. Compared with GOT the enzyme GPT showed by far less elevations in
      the perfusate blood so that with increasing duration of the perfusion the De
      Ritis-quotient significantly increased. Increased LDH-activities above all
      revealed the increasing during perfusion haemolysis and less reliably a lesion of
      the liver of the pig. The increase of ADA  in the perfusate blood proved as
      nearly exclusively conditioned by haemolysis. Total protein, albumins,
      immunoglobulins, cholinesterase and thymol turbidity test remained unchanged in
      the course of the perfusions.

PMID- 960863
TI  - [Billroth II. Surgery of the stomach].
AB  - In different intervals 220 patients were examined after a resection of the
      stomach with Billroth's second operation. 179 of them spoke about complaints of
      different degrees of severity. The cases in question were an early dumping
      syndrome in 83 patients, which, with the exception of 7 patients, could be
      removed by simple dietetic measures, such as the elimination of incompatible
      foodstuff. Again and again the symptoms could be evoked by provocation with it.
      The method described by Henley proved as correcting operation. Apart from a few
      exception the fitness for work was not restricted by Billroth's second operation.
      In shift work or severe physical work a change of the working place was striven
      for. The body-weight which was reduced already before the operation again
      increased after operation in 50%, but reached the normal only in 20%.
      Recidivation ulcera and anastomositis of a suture were rare findings. Stump
      gastritis is no own clinical picture. Also in this case in histologically still
      normal mucous membrane earlier histochemical changes develop in the sense of a
      chronic gastritis with a reduction of the adenosin triphosphatase, the acid
      tissue phosphatase and succinodehydrogenase.

PMID- 960864
TI  - [Comparative examinations of stomach and duodenum with the use of Buscolysin and
      Cerucal].
AB  - The administration of buscolysin and cerucal in the pharmacoradiography of the
      stomach and the region of the small intestine was tested on every 50 patients. In
      these cases the differentiated range of action of the two preparations was shown.
      Buscolysin can be regarded as remedy of choice for the hypotonic duodenography,
      whereas cerucal is conspicuously suited for the functional diagnostics especially
      of the regions of antrum and bulb. By the aimed administration of the two
      preparations a complex functional diagnostics of stomach and duodenum is
      possible.

PMID- 960865
TI  - [Results of fibrogastroscopic and gastrobioptic examinations after acute acid
      burn].
AB  - The fibrogastroscopic and gastrobioptic examination of 101 patients after acute
      intoxication with corrosive substances (vinegar essence, sulphuric acid,
      hydrochloric acid, lyes a. o.) revealed in all cases a chemical erosion of the
      gastric mucous membrane of different degree, also in such a case, where there
      existed neither clinical nor radiological symptoms of the corrosive gastritis.
      Endoscopically the erosions of the mucous membrane were classified into three
      degrees of severity: Insignificant erosions were characterized by reddening and
      swelling of the mucous membrane, foamy phlegm and fluid, medium erosions by
      numerous puncti-form erosions on the hyperaemic oedematous mucous membrane
      covered with fibrin, severe erosions, finally, by haemorrhages and dark-gray
      necrotic areas. Pathohistologically in easy erosions were found a serous or
      catarrhalic-serous inflammation on the 1st to 5th day, a transition of
      proliferative processes in regenerative ones on the 6st to 10th day and a
      complete reparative regeneration on the 11th to 20th day. In medium erosion there
      existed a catarrhalic or catarrhalic-fibrinous inflammation with erosions on the
      1st to 10th day; the regeneration of the mucous membrane took place on the 21st
      to 30th day. Severe erosions were characterized by a phlegmonous-ulcerous or
      ulcerous-necrotic inflammation between the 16th and 30th day and the reparative
      fibrotic transformation of the mucous membrane between the 31st to the 60th day.
      After severe erosion no restitution ad integrim took place. There developed
      either a chronic atrophic gastritis or, when an excessive cicatrisation is
      present, a stenosis of the prepylorus. A control of the patients including
      endoscopic examinations which are performed to 6 months after easy erosion, up to
      one year after medium erosion and up to 5 years after severe erosion, is of
      importance for the estimation of course, therapy and prognosis.

PMID- 960866
TI  - [Mathematical statistical evaluation of the trends of biological parameters
      during intermittent therapy].
AB  - Principle and method of the mathematico-statistical evaluation of an intermitting
      therapy are explained at the example of the cholestyramine treatment in
      incomplete obstruction of the bile ducts. The behavior of a biochemical parameter
      e.g. the alkaline phosphatase activity and the cholesterol content of the serum
      during this time is described with a total approximation function which is
      subdivided into several partial regression functions. The changes of the
      biochemical parameter during several periods with and without therapy,
      respectively, my be characterised and statistically judged from different points
      of view, e.g. as trend. Thus the clinical test of medicaments gains more
      objectivity, selectivity, dynamics and individuality. Thus in the example
      described the effect of cholestyramine (cuemid) decreasing the pathologically
      increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the increased cholesterol content of
      the serum and a return to the initial values and a slight deterioration,
      respectively, after discontinuation of the medicament with a probability of error
      up to alpha less than 0.001 on one patient could be proved.

PMID- 960867
TI  - [X-ray presentation of small intestine invagination during fibroma by means of
      trochoscopy].
AB  - The roentgenologic diagnosis of tumours of the small intestine often depends on
      accidental findings. In the case of a 50-year old female patient the indication
      to operation could be made by the demonstration of the complication
      (invagination). For the roentgenologic research for tumours in the area of the
      small intestine, when the result is negative, apart from the oral filling in
      every case the trochoscopy with transition of the contrast medium into the
      terminal ileum must be demanded.

PMID- 960868
TI  - [Initial changes in the vascular metabolism and their relations to
      atherogenesis].
AB  - In a survey initial changes of the metabolism of the vascular wall under the
      influence of atherogenic noxae in the animal experiment are described. Already a
      short time after the effect of atherogenic noxae (so-called proliferative phase)
      the activities of respiratory mitochondrial enzymes in the cells of the smooth
      muscles of the tunica media of the aorta are considerably reduced in different
      species. It is a clue to the fact that a hypoxically induced defect in the
      arterial wall is to be taken into considerations as a pathogenetic factor for
      arteriosclerosis. Up to now there are no exact proofs for the fact that a
      transition to a high rate of glycolysis would be predisposing for the appearance
      of arteriosclerotic changes. The influence of a hypoxia on the vascular wall is
      not only restricted to the cellular energy metabolism, but stimulates also other
      cellfunctions. Under hypoxic conditions the synthesis of fatty acids in the
      arterial tissue is increased. Several authors are of the opinion that a
      continuous increased supply of lipids overchanges the processes of the cellular
      regulation which are responsible for the metabolisation of the lipids. The
      transition into the proliferative phase is characterized by increased insertion
      rates or transformation rates for different substances in the activated
      myointimal cells which focally or generally leads to a proliferation or migration
      into the intima. The proliferating cells distinguish themselves by high
      activities of different oxidative enzymes which is to be regarded as a reference
      to an increased readiness of connections rich in energy, according to the high
      synthetic capacity of these multifunctional mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 960869
TI  - [Significance of clinical and functional diagnostic findings for the physical
      rehabilitation ability of the patients with heart infarct].
AB  - In 75 patients with condition after myocardial infarction or chronic ischaemic
      heart disease, respectively, was tested to what extent from clinical and
      functional-diagnostic findings prognostic estimations concerning the regaining of
      a cardiocirculatory functional capacity corresponding to age are possible by a
      complex rehabilitation programme. A daily ergometer training lasting eight weeks
      which was individually dosed was in the centre of rehabilitation. It was shown
      that from the findings of ergometry with permanent ECG-registration the effect of
      rehabilitation, as a rule, can be predicted.

PMID- 960870
TI  - [Clinical studies on kinking of the neck-vessels].
AB  - A survey is given of the clinical course of 273 patients hospitalised at one of
      the departments for internal diseases of a general hospital because of cerebral
      lesions of different pattern and origin. By means of angiography carried out on
      60 patients kinking of the extracranial arteries was proved in 18 cases. Ten
      patients were submitted to reconstructive vascular surgery: 7 of them are symptom
      free. Signs, symptoms and possibilities of surgical or conservative treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 960871
TI  - [Progression of rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - In order to recognize courses with high and low progression in rheumatoid
      arthritis deviating from former approach the values of a locomotor function test
      were used which do not belong to the dispersion region for the adequate classes
      of duration of a disease. With the help of a material of an electronic data
      processing study of 1,000 cases with ascertained diagnosis correlations between
      high progression and, among others, following criteria could be ascertained: male
      sex, old age, early beginning of the disease, manual trades, unfavourable
      functional values and very much changed laboratory values including high titres
      of the rheumatoid factor. In this method there was no relation to the duration of
      the disease, as it was existing with other methods of the determination of
      progression which were comparatively included into the investigation.

PMID- 960872
TI  - [Nephrotic syndrome after treatment with penicillamine in Wilson's disease].
AB  - In a 33-year-old man with Wilson's disease a nephrotic syndrome appeared as a
      severe complication under penicillamine therapy. Under strong observation and
      exact controls of protein in the urine, leucocytes, differential blood picture
      and thrombocytes after interruption of the medication and retrogression of the
      side-effects a retarding new stabilisation of penicillamine can take place. Other
      side-effects of penicillamine observed as well as control measures under a long
      term treatment with penicillamine are briefly discussed.

PMID- 960873
TI  - [Hemodynamic aspects in the evaluation of heart function using systolic time
      intervals].
AB  - Not invasively determined systolic time intervals give references to the left
      ventricular function. Restrictions result from the fact that the systolic time
      intervals are differently influenced by haemodynamic factors. The inotropic
      state, the pre and after load, the stroke volume, the frequency as well as the
      sympathoadrenal system have an effect on the systolic time intervals. In addition
      to this come specific changes of the haemodynamics by valvular lesions and by
      pharmaca effective on heart and circulation. In as far about established systolic
      time intervals clinically usable data concerning the disturbed left-ventricular
      pumping function may be received, was reported on. On principle with certain
      restrictions a usable separation of groups between normal and disturbed cardiac
      function is possible. The judgment of the individual case is restricted due to
      considerable disperions of individual values. Also by an improved measuring
      technique as well as by tolerance tests the evidence could not convincingly be
      improved. On the other hand, with the help of the index of isometric contraction
      after Rentsch (preejection period in the erect position divided by preejection
      period in lying position) a separation into normal and beginning left ventricular
      dysfunction is possible in a well reproducible way.

PMID- 960874
TI  - [Diagnosis of coronary insufficiency using bicycle ergometry].
AB  - The bicycle ergometry has proved as screening test for the diagnostics of the
      latent coronary insufficiency. Taking into consideration well-known
      prerequisites, indications, contraindications, the criteria of withdrawal and the
      ECG criteria in coronary insufficiency own results and experiences from an
      analysis of 1,000 bicycle ergometries are presented and compared with literary
      data.

PMID- 960875
TI  - [Cholegraphy with protracted mechanical infusion as a method of routine].
AB  - 250 out-patients were examined by mechanical 30 min slow-infusion cholegraphy
      with 20 ml jodipamide (Adipiodon). Only 1.2% slight and 2.0% distinct side
      effects were established. The frequency and severity of these reactions were less
      compared with the usual intravenous cholecystography. The described method of
      investigation may be recommended for use.

PMID- 960876
TI  - [Electroencephalographic findings in liver function disorders].
AB  - Abnormal rhythmisations in the EEG are described in hepatoportal encephalopathy
      as an expression of a disturbance of more profound cerebral structures. The EEG
      gives an actual information about the state of the cerebral functions of all
      stages of a hepato-cerebral decompensation and allows a reliable prognostic
      estimation during the observation of the course. Practically significant are also
      bioelectric findings of a disturbance of the cerebral function with clinically
      symptom-poor course in compensated liver cirrhosis or obstructive icterus.

PMID- 960877
TI  - [Humoral immune reaction in chronic liver diseases].
AB  - In 60 patients with a morphologically ascertained chronic liver disease and 40
      hepatologically examined patients with a healthy liver of a control group the
      quantitative determination of the immunoglobulin and the immunofluorescence
      serological determination of antibodies against nuclei, smooth musculature and
      mitochondria were carried out. Only in one female patient with a chronic active
      hepatitis out of 51 patients with morphologically ascertained liver cirrhosis or
      chronic active hepatitis antibodies against nuclei and smooth musculature in a
      level of the titre of more than 1 : 40 and only in 2 female patients with a
      primary biliary cirrhosis antibodies against mitochondria could be proved in a
      level of the titre of more than 160. Titres of antibodies lying below were found
      in the group of patients with liver diseases and the control group in the same
      frequency, so that an autoimmune form of the cryptogenic cirrhosis could not be
      differentiated. The proof of antibodies against nuclei and smooth musculature of
      a high titre in connection with an isolated increase of the IgG is of special
      diagnostic importance for the autoimmune form of the chronic active hepatitis;
      the same is the case in the proof of antibodies against mitochondria of a high
      titre in connection with an isolated increase of IgM.

PMID- 960878
TI  - [Indications, adverse effects and complications of lithium therapy].
AB  - The application of lithium preparations in the therapy and prophylaxis of
      recidivations of affective psychoses has essentially gathered in point in
      psychiatry during the last years. Apart from the discussion of the indication,
      the contraindication and efficacy especially concomitant appearances, side
      effects and dangers as well as their influencibility are demonstrated, the
      knowledge of which is of importance also for the physician not dealing with
      psychiatry.

PMID- 960879
TI  - [Objectivization of the protamine sulfate test through photometric measurements].
AB  - The demonstration of monomeric complexes of fibrin in the blood is regarded as a
      secure sign of an increased consumption of coagulation factors in the sense of a
      consumption coagulopathy. As a simple and sensitive method for the demonstration
      of these intermediate products of the coagulation the protamine sulphate test
      proved its worth in clinical practice. The subjective judgment of this test-tube
      test frequently becomes difficult in the borderline region between normal and
      pathologic. On the basis of own comparative investigations it could, however, be
      demonstrated that by means of photometric measurements an objective and exact
      evidence about the result of the protamine sulphate test can be made. It is
      referred to the advantages in the judgment of the course of a consumption
      coagulopathy during the treatment.

PMID- 960880
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of Crohn's disease].
AB  - Crohn's ileocolitis is an etiologically unclarified inflammatory disease of the
      alimentary canal, which is in most cases arranged in segments, may concern all
      segments, but above all may take place in the inferior ileum and the adjacent
      segments of the colon. The diagnosis which formerly was certainly made too
      infrequently is difficult, but histologically it is to be ascertained by typical
      granulomas of the epitheloid cells. The disease which extraordinarily often is
      connected with recidivations demands a consequent conservative combination
      therapy with salazopyrine and cortisone, in acute exacerbations and in formations
      of fistulae an additional prescription of bactericidal broad spectrum antibiotics
      is necessary. Resistent courses justify the application of immunosuppressive
      drugs. The indication to operation is critically to be given and to be restricted
      to the resection of stenosing narrowings of the lumen.

PMID- 960881
TI  - [Studies on the diaplacental transmission of Masugi-nephritis in the rabbit].
AB  - A diaplacentar transmission of the Masugi nephritis or the evocation of a
      clinical picture similar to the congenital glomerulonephritis could not be
      achieved in rabbits. Also, the juxtaglomerular index-values of the experimental
      group did not show a significant difference referred to the control group.

PMID- 960882
TI  - [Alanine aminopeptidase and creatinine excretion under various conditions of
      diuresis in man].
AB  - In 10 female test persons Volhard's water and concentration experiment was
      carried out. It exists a highly significant correlation between the alanine
      aminopeptidase activity and the creatinine concentration in the urine. The
      relation of the two factors to the urine minute volume is hyperbolic. The
      creatinine in the urine may be regarded as a favourable reference parameter for
      the excretion of alanine aminopeptidase.

PMID- 960883
TI  - [Post-traumatic meningitis due to Pasteurella multocida].
AB  - The clinical data of a 14-year old female patient with posttraumatic meningitis
      by Pasteurella multocida are reported. The behaviour of the isolated strain is
      recorded in cultural and biochemical aspect as well as in animal experiment. The
      importance of the infection with Pasteurella multocida is lined out and the
      possible origin of the disease in the reported case is discussed. Finally some
      problems of special bacteriological diagnosis are explained and hints are given
      in this respect.

PMID- 960884
TI  - [Value and worthlessness of clinical studies in the diagnosis of brain death].
AB  - Death was ever determined on the basis of extinguished partial functions of the
      entire organism (partial death). In intensive medicine with its possibilities of
      reanimation, with its possibilities of artificial maintenance of breathing and
      circulation the individual death of man is equated with his cerebral death. It
      comes only under conditions of reanimation and nearly always shows a clinically
      recognizable development. Practically above all "the syndromes in the forefield
      of cerebral death" are of interest as well as its obligatory and optional
      symptoms, the valency of which was critically tested. A 5-year-analysis (1969 to
      1973) of 487 deaths in an internal intensive therapy unit (18% of mortality) was
      shown that causes, frequency and age distribution of the mortal conditions of
      disease as well as the average survival time of 4.5 days, in which cases,
      however, 43% of all deaths occurred within the first 24 hours, very rarely caused
      us to establish the irreversibility of the loss of the cerebral function on
      account of an  organic dysfunction, but rather resulting from the question of the
      interruption of an absurd reanimation.

PMID- 960885
TI  - [Cardiopulmonary diagnosis in patients with ischemic heart disease].
AB  - It may be established that the complex cardiopulmonary functional diagnostics in
      patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease obtained the following essential
      results: 1. The ergometrically achieved total functional capacity is clearly
      decreased in all age groups compared with the healthy persons, the differences
      are highly significant. 2. The proof of a coronary insufficiency got by the
      electrocardiogram after work is to be regarded as a factor limiting the
      functional capacity. 3. 72% of the patients reveal under load a PAEDP increased
      more than the normal of 25 Torr. After exclusion of a respiratory insufficiency
      these findings must be regarded as a disturbed myocardial function. 4. Thus the
      increased PAEDP under load apart from the well-known triad (angina pectoris under
      load, decreased total functional capacity, pathological ECG after work) is a
      sensitive and decisive factor for proving the disturbed cardial function in
      chronic ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 960886
TI  - [The value of the diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure for the estimation of the
      cardiac functional capacity in patients with myocardial infarct].
AB  - From 4 weeks to several months after infarction the patients revealed an
      altogether clearly decreased total physical functional capacity compared with
      healthy persons. Behaviour of pulse and blood pressure as well as ventilatory
      indices in comparable Watt-degrees did not reveal any significant differences
      compared with persons with a healthy heart. The stroke volume pro surface and the
      heart-time-volume did also not reveal any determinable deviation concerning the
      mean values compared with normal persons. In patients with compensated infarction
      the pulmonary arterial pressure in rest was, as a rule, within the normal.
      However, under load it increased more than in healthy persons. Patients with
      decompensated infarction revealed a PAEDP in rest between 20 and more than 30
      Torr. The question about a critical PAEDP under load should further be pursued.
      The ECG gives reliable limiting findings in functional examinations.

PMID- 960887
TI  - [The effect of an ambulatory long term training on performance, metabolic and
      coagulation parameters after myocardial infarct].
AB  - It is reported on the results of a training treatment for outpatients after
      myocardial infarction which was carried out twice a week during one and a half
      year, compared to a control group without physical conditioning. Out of 30
      patients 14 continuously took part in the training lessons. In contrast to the
      control group in the training group a clear increase of the working capacity, a
      slight decrease of the body-weight, of the blood pressure in rest and of the
      triglycerides in the serum as well as a favourable influence on the glucose
      tolerance could be proved. The serum cholesterol level and the coagulation
      parameters did not change significantly. One patient of the training group and
      one of the control group died. One patient of the training group and one patient
      of the control group suffered a reinfarction.

PMID- 960888
TI  - [The objective gradation of stenosing coronary artery processes by means of the
      quantification of pathologic-anatomical data and their relations. 2. Development
      and presentation of the model].
AB  - In order to objectify the judgement of the coronary arteriosclerosis the
      influence values position x obstruction on the left side and on the right side as
      well as the mass of the heart are mathematically valued with the aim to achieve a
      good separation between the infarction group and the control group and an
      insignificant false coordination of test persons. The optimation carried out for
      this purpose must be brought into accordance by means of technically ascertained
      recognitions and necessary practicability concerning valuations which are to be
      proposed. According to the results obtained on 174 test persons an obstruction on
      the right side below 50% has a higher importance than on the left side. In the
      positions of the obstruction the proximal as well as the medium third of the
      right coronary arteries a higher valuation must be ascribed. Compared with this
      the trunk of the left coronary artery has a significance corresponding possibly
      to the proximal third of this vessel. A more insignificant importance than
      hitherto taken into consideration belongs to the medium third of the left
      coronary artery. The valuations proposed lead to a highly significant improvement
      of the separation ability in contrast to the comparable valuations. The false
      coordination of the test persons at the same time decreases to 11 in the group
      with infarctions and to 2 in the control group. This equals 10.1 or 4.5%,
      respectively. In the present number of patients the barriers of the ostium and
      the type of supply have no statistically ascertained influence on the separation
      ability.

PMID- 960889
TI  - [Studies on the specificity of alanine aminopeptidase and its variants in the
      serum in hepatobiliary diseases].
AB  - After examinations on a mixed number of patients (236 patients) the increases of
      the activities of the alanine aminopeptidase in the serum with relatively high
      certainty may be traced back to diseases of the liver and of the bile ducts. The
      hepatobiliary specifity is disturbed only by generalised dermatological diseases,
      especially eczemas. Changes in the electrophoretic pattern of the serum alanine
      aminopeptidase are also relatively specific for diseases or lesions of the
      hepatobiliary system. In 11 of the 12 anomalous zymograms of the alanine
      aminopeptidase observed among 236 patients the aimed search resulted in an
      alteration of the hepatobiliary system.

PMID- 960890
TI  - [Comparative intravenous and cholangiographic infusion studies in chronic
      diseases of the bile ducts].
AB  - Compared with the intravenous cholangiography the infusion cholangiography is the
      more effective and unambiguous investigation method of the gallbladder and the
      bile ducts. It considerably enlarges the diagnostic possibilities in the area of
      the bile ducts. A serum bilirubin level of more than 2 mg/100 ml allows positive
      cholangiograms by means of the infusion method, but is nearly always the cause
      for negative findings in intravenous application. In a hypalbuminaemia lower than
      3 g/100 ml, in an increase of the alkaline serum phosphatase, of the serum
      transaminase and a pathological retention of bromsulphalein the bile ducts cannot
      be demonstrated also in the infusion cholangiography. A 20% glucose solution is
      sufficient as solvent in the infusion cholangiography. In the negative case the
      cholecystography and the intravenous cholangiography may be supplemented and
      enlarged by application of the infusion cholangiography as a more evident method
      of X-ray examination.

PMID- 960891
TI  - [Physiotherapeutic viewpoints in progressive scleroderma].
AB  - The hitherto given recommendations for physiotherapy in progressive sclerodermia
      are in most cases undifferentiated. Proceeding from the aims of an influence of
      sclerodermic changes of the tissues, a prevention of restrictions of the movement
      and an improvement of the general condition a classification of suitable
      physiotherapeutic measures is recommended.

PMID- 960892
TI  - [Long-range therapy of hypertension].
AB  - In 572 patients with hypertension a long-term therapy with alpha-methyldopa
      (Dopegyt) was carried out and this preparation was found to be highly effective.
      The preparation decreases the blood pressure in standing position as well as in
      lying position reducing mainly the peripheral vascular resistance. It is well
      absorbed orally. As a rule, the minute output of the heart is maintained without
      acceleration of the heart rate. An orthostatic hypotension was only rarely to be
      observed and only in a very small degree. With the help of the isotope renography
      could be proved that the treatment with alpha-methyldopa causes no reduction of
      the blood supply of the kidneys, wherefore alpha-methyldopa can be successfully
      applied in patients with hypertension and renal failure. Side effects appeared
      very rarely. During the application of 34,550 tablets of alpha-methyldopa only
      once a haemolytic anaemia was observed. In patients with a severe hypertension
      the combination alpha-methyldopa (Dopegyt) + etacrynic acid (Uregyt) evoked a
      distinct decrease of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

PMID- 960893
TI  - [Therapy of chronic ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension by means of
      beta-receptor blockaders].
AB  - 50 patients with stenocardias in persisting arterial hypertension, of them 33
      manifest coronary diseases, were orally treated with doses of propranolol up to
      400 mg/die during a longer period. In the majority of the cases a good to very
      good therapeutic effectivity was to be proved in hypertension as well as in
      chronic ischaemic heart disease. The own favourable results of the treatment
      justify the estimation that proporanolol may be regarded as therapeutic remedy of
      choice in patients with simultaneous hypertension and chronic ischaemic heart
      disease. Moreover, a collective of 45 patients with different cardiovascular
      diagnoses under the new selective beta-receptor blocker Bonnecor (practolol) was
      observed. It is reported on first experiences in the sense of an intermediate
      information.

PMID- 960894
TI  - [The frequency and form of manifestation of liver damage under INH therapy].
AB  - It is reported on 305 clinically examined patients with the diagnosis of a
      functional colon syndrome. In 65 patients somatic diseases were found to be the
      possible triggering factors. In contrast to a comparative group in the other 240
      patients in the former anamnesis more frequently allergies, appendectomies and
      chronic application of purgatives were to be established. The most frequent
      complaints were irregularity of defaecation in form of spastic obstipation
      (62.9%) or diarrhoea (35.4%), intolerance to foodstuff (100%), pain in the
      colon(66.7%) and meteorism (65.4%). The 4th decennium was most frequently
      concerned in men as well as in women.

PMID- 960895
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia and pyelonephritis].
AB  - The following groups of patients are discussed. 1st group: 51 patients with
      diabetes mellitus and chronic pyelonephritis, 2nd group: 15 patients with
      diabetes, hyperuricaemia, adiposity and pyelonephritis. It was established that
      in the first group pyelonephritis was therapeutically well to be influenced by
      antiobiotics and chemotherapeutics after stopping of diabetes. In the second
      group the success was less satisfactory and it was also to be achieved retardedly
      on account of the massive renal lesion, by the combination of diabetes and
      uricopathy. The clinical syndrome of diabetes mellitus, hyperuricaemia and
      adiposity is discussed.

PMID- 960896
TI  - [Latent diabetes mellitus in families with diabetes and ischemic heart disease].
AB  - In 30 diabetics and their nearest relations (44 persons) the immunoreactive
      insulin (IRI) was examined and a routine glucose tolerance test was carried out
      as well as in patients with ischaemic heart disease (more than 100 patients). The
      control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers. An analysis of the results was
      performed taking into consideration the degrees of severity and the duration of
      the diabetes as well as the age of the patients. A conclusion was drawn that the
      exhaustion of Langerhans islets occurs relatively early during "juvenile"
      diabetes. A clear decrease of the IRI corresponding to the degree of severity and
      to the duration of diabetes can be observed. In the nearest relations of the
      diabetics a normal IRI-level and in a relatively little percentage latent forms
      of a diabetes were detected. In patients with ischaemic heart disease however,
      the non-manifest forms of diabetes were by far more frequent. It is considered
      that more precise tests should be applied in laboratory diagnosis of latent
      diabetes mellitus in hereditarily aggravated persons in the mentioned respect.

PMID- 960897
TI  - [Experiences with cytostatic treatment of malignant tumors].
AB  - The methods and the results of the cytostatic permanent and impact therapy, of
      the partial synchronisation as well as of the cytostatic combination treatment
      are described, taking into special consideration inoperable or metastasized solid
      tumours. From the study which was carried out during a period of 15 years results
      that a combination treatment referred in the individual doses to body weight and
      blood picture apparantly achieves better results than the other forms of therapy,
      whereby the risk of complications is relatively low.

PMID- 960898
TI  - [Experiences in short-term dialyses with 2 capillary dialyzers in parallel and
      serial circuit in 2 and 3 shift operations].
AB  - It is reported on experiences made in 200 short-term dialyses with every 2
      capillary dialysators. 167 dialyses of which 112 were performed by means of
      parallel arrangement and 55 by means of serial arrangement of the dialysators are
      analysed in detail. In their effectivity of dialysis the two variants proved to
      be nearly equivalent, in which cases the series-connection is of practical
      advantage. In two shifts of nurses up to 3 shifts of patients could be treated.
      In the large area dialysis an adaptation  of the dialysate and a more intensive
      control of the patients must be performed. Advantages and disadvantages of this
      method are discussed.

PMID- 960899
TI  - [General aspects of cytostatic therapy of hemoblastoses].
AB  - In haemoblastoses the chemotherapy is able to achieve remissions and
      prolongations of the survival time. The combined or polychemotherapy,
      respectively, is here comparatively more effective than the monotherapy. In
      haemoblastoses the concept of the maximal destruction of tumours (induction
      therapy) could be realised by means of consolidation and maintenance therapy. The
      prediction of the therapy effects by inclusion of different host parameters
      (morphology, immune state, age, sensibility test) may only approximately be done.
      In the induction and maintenance of the remission the supportive therapeutic
      measures play an essential role. By the development of selective cytostatic drugs
      and further utilisation of the results of molecular-biological experiments
      further ameliorations of the therapeutic situation are to be awaited.

PMID- 960900
TI  - [New diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - The prognosis of lymphogranulomatosis has improved by the considerably improved
      diagnostics as well as the modern radiological and polychemo-therapeutical
      methods. Today the average survival time is between 4 and 5 years. But survival
      times up to 15 years and more are described. Apart from the early diagnosis, into
      which according to the opinion of many internal specialists the
      otorhinolaryngologists must be included more than it was hitherto the case,
      nowadays the modern radiotherapy with explorative laparotomy and splenectomy and
      the perhaps following combination chemotherapy might bring a further improvement.
      Growing age, histological types with a small number of lymphocytes, too late
      diagnosis and deficient control decrease, however, signigicantly the chances of
      surviving. Certainly, in future more modern methods of chemotherapy must be used.
      The same applies to the treatment of the developing immunoinsufficiency and the
      eventual further performance of the cytostatic treatment in the sense of a
      maintenance therapy. From the modern point of view the way taken might lead to
      still higher survival times. In as far immunotherapy will be of greater
      importance already in the next years is not yet to be decided at present.

PMID- 960901
TI  - [L-alanyl-L-proline-dipeptidase and glycyl-L-valine-depeptidase in malabsorption
      syndrome].
AB  - On the basis of comparative determinations of the activities of dipeptidases and
      disaccharidases of the mucous membrane of the small intestine (proximal jejunum)
      clear correspondences between the morphological findings and the biochemical
      parameters were the result. L-alanyl-L-prolin-dipeptidase and glycyl-L-valin
      dipeptidase as well as lactase, saccharase, maltase and trehalase were determined
      in altogether 45 children with various malabsorption syndromes of different age
      in different stages of disease. Diminutions of the activity of the dipeptidases
      were to be proved analogously to maltase, saccharase and lactase, too, in most
      cases of subtotal or total villous atrophy. From the results conclusions may be
      derived to the restricted ability of protein absorption in chronic disease of the
      small intestine.

PMID- 960902
TI  - [Necrobiosis lipoidica diabetricorum and serum lipids].
AB  - Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is briefly described. Its high coincidence
      with hyperlipoproteinaemia in casuistic reports from the literature as well as in
      about half of the 22 cases observed in our clinic can be taken in favour of
      possible relations between these conditions. Disturbances of fat metabolism may
      even be considered important for pathogenesis of necrobiosis in general, the more
      as at least no optimally regulated fat and carbohydrate metabolism can be
      achieved by best therapeutic control of carbohydrate parameters in juvenile
      diabetics. Microangiopathia diabetica seems to exist from the very beginning of
      diabetes mellitus and may ne a basic etiologic prerequisite for the development
      of necrobiosis. Topical conditions of certain body regions are said to take part
      in final precipitation of necrobiotic spots.

PMID- 960903
TI  - [Determination of hepatic indocyanine green (ujoviridine) clearance using the
      slope-method].
AB  - 1. The technique of the functional test of the liver by means of the indocyanine
      green (ujoviridine) test suggests to express the results of the test as a result
      of clearance on the basis of the slope-clearance. 2. The analysis of the curve of
      disappearance of the test substance in the serum could not always be traced back
      to a simple exponential function in a group of clinically healthy control persons
      (10 women at the age of 10-24 years). For the better estimation of the slope
      clearance, therefore, the rinsing effect of the liver should be preferred by
      means of the analysis of a composed (twofold) exponential function. 3. In the two
      investigation methods the results of the clearance values were not symmetrically
      distributed so that as parameters of estimation at first only the mean values of
      density are used. 4. According to this only orientating study the values of the
      ujoviridine clearance are below 720 ml/min, assuming a simply exponential rinsing
      function, or 500 ml/min, respectively, taking as a basis the composed exponential
      rinsing function below the mean values of density.

PMID- 960904
TI  - [Adrenergic processess and partial secretion of the stomach].
AB  - The stimulation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic processes by epinephrine,
      phenylephrine and isoproterenol increases the hydrochloric acid and gastric juice
      secretion (as well as the secretion of gastric juice components is decreased
      under the influence of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agents dehydrobenzperidol
      and beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol. However, propranolol essentially
      reduces the acid components secretion not affecting greatly the alkaline
      components secretion of the patients with a high basal secretion. As a result the
      P/NP-ration is decreased.

PMID- 960905
TI  - [Increased insulin-sensitivity as a 1st indication of Addison's disease in a
      juvenile diabetic patient].
AB  - Case report on a 25-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus which is difficult to
      be controlled. Relapsing vomitting, loss of body-weight, retention of substances
      normally contained in the urine, hyperpotassaemia, hypernatraemia as well as an
      increased insulin sensitivity render an additionally existing morbus Addison
      probable. Confirmation by means of the determination of the Porter-Silver
      chromogenes. It is referred to the apparantly frequently not understood syntropy
      in diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease. An autoimmunological process is
      discussed.

PMID- 960906
TI  - [Congenital multicystic renal dysplasia in the adult age].
AB  - In the multicystical renal dysplasia we have to do with a congenital malformation
      due to a developmental disturbance of the bud of the ureter. It is characterized
      by a conglomerate of cysts, rarely by a single cyst without a functioning renal
      parenchyma, atresia or complete absence of the ureter belonging to this as well
      as hypoplasia or atresia of the vascular stump. In childhood the clinical picture
      is not observed frequently, in adult persons only rarely. Though the case in
      question is a homogeneous disturbance of the development, in childhood and adult
      age pretty different findings are the result. In childhood in most cases a
      palpable tumour caused by a multicystical kidney is to be found, in adult persons
      often a more distinct formation of a defect occurs, particularly of the ureter as
      well as a nearly obligate calcification of the walls of the cyst. Often the
      clinical picture is to be found in combination with other, above all urological
      congenital anomalies. Two own observations of multicystical renal dysplasia in
      adult age are reported and in connection with 33 cases of literature they are
      comparatively investigated.

PMID- 960907
TI  - [Endotoxinemia in liver cirrhosis].
AB  - Endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria and of intestinal origin, insufficiently
      cleared by the hepatic reticulo-endothelial system are of an increasing interest
      within the pathogenesis of liver diseases. With purpose to obtain data concerning
      incidence and course of endotoxaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis an
      unselected group of these patients, sequentially admitted, was investigated by
      means of the Limulus-gelation test, regarded as most sensitive to endotoxins. At
      the admittance, 65% of the patients had endotoxaemia, further 14% developed
      endotoxaemia later. In total 79% of the patients investigated had endotoxaemia.--
      Bleeding from oesophageal varices was associated with endotoxaemia in 78%,
      functional renal impairment in 75%, consumption coagulopathy in 81%,
      encephalopathy in 77% and a pyrogen reaction in 82% of the patients. Regarding
      the Limulus assay, the dilution technique was more sensitive in detection of free
      endotoxaemia as opposed to the chloroform extract. It is concluded from the
      results that endotoxaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis is frequent and has to
      be viewed as relevant within the pathogeneses of chronic liver diseases.

PMID- 960908
TI  - [The effect of flavonoid compounds (+)-cyanidanol-3 in acute viral hepatitis].
AB  - A double blind study was carried out with 14 pairs of patients suffering from
      acute virus hepatitis in order to determine the action of (+)-cyanidol-3 (2 g
      daily, administered orally). Among these few patients no significant differences
      were observed between the two groups. This also holds true for the liver function
      test with the exception of total serum bilirubin. In the treated patients
      hyperbilirubinemia decreased significantly faster than in the untreated group (p
      smaller than 0.05). The values registered with a daily dosis of 1 g (+)-cyanidol
      3 did not differ from those recorded in the groups of untreated patients.

PMID- 960909
TI  - [Rat jejunal xylose and galactose absorption dependent on the intestinal
      bacterial flora and after cytostatics administration].
AB  - The influence of the bacterial flora of the intestine and of cytostatic drugs on
      the intestinal xylose and glucose absorption in the rat is studied by a perfusion
      technique in vivo. Conventional, germfree and decontaminated animals show no
      different xylose absorption rates while the galactose absorption is decreased in
      germfree and decontaminated animals compared to conventional rats. Three days
      after a single injection of cytostatic drugs the xylose absorption is diminished
      in conventional and decontaminated animals compared to untreated rats. In
      germfree rats no effect of cytostatics on the xylose absorption can be proved.
      The galactose absorption is unchanged after cytostatics in conventional and
      decontaminated animals, but increased in germfree rats.

PMID- 960910
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones and blood circulation in the gastric mucosa].
AB  - The gastrointestinal hormones influence gastric mucosal blood flow in different
      ways. Gastrin, secretin and pancreocymin increase gastric mucosal blood flow,
      glucagon, vip and somatostatin decrease it. Motilin has a special position. Given
      alone motilin improves gastric mucosal blood flow, wheras it reduces gastric
      mucosal blood flow after previous administration of pentagastrin or histamin.

PMID- 960911
TI  - [Synthesis of gastrointestinal agents].
AB  - The importance of syntheses of biologically active polypeptides especially of
      gastrointestinal hormones for medical research, is analyzed; six points, as the
      main goals of a synthetic approach, are discussed with respect to their special
      significance and are confirmed by six examples.

PMID- 960912
TI  - [Benign diseases of the esophagus. An internist's view].
AB  - The work-up of patients with benign diseases of the esophagus should start with a
      diagnostic evaluation. This includes a carefully taken history, radiologic and
      endoscopic examinations and, in suspected reflux disease, recording of
      intraesophageal pH. For the evaluation of functional troubles esophageal
      manometry is recommended. Patients with complicated reflux disease and failures
      of antireflux treatment should be operated upon. In high peptic stenoses,
      Barrett's syndrome should be carefully looked for. Achalasia is treated by
      pneumatic dilatations with more than 90% good or satisfactory results. But
      diffuse esophageal spasm is little responsive to therapy. There is a risk of
      secondary carcinoma in Barrett's syndrome, achalasia, caustic lesions and Plummer
      Vinson syndrome. Therefore these patients should be seen at regular intervals.
      There is an urgent need for controlled studies evaluating the comparative results
      of medical and surgical therapy.

PMID- 960913
TI  - [Benign diseases of the esophagus].
AB  - Most benign esophageal affections may be successfully subjected to carefully
      selected non-invasive but mainly to surgical techniques; special attention is
      being paid today to refluxcaused esophagitis and its sequelae. They both require
      a special strategy of anti-reflux measures - sometimes combined with suppression
      of peptic aggression. Fundoplicatio according to R. Nissen - if necessary
      complemented by selective vagotomy - to a large extent meets the needs of a
      surgical technique adapted to this type of disease.

PMID- 960914
TI  - [The lower esophageal sphincter and manometry methods].
AB  - For measuring the closing strength in the lower esophageal sphincter an adequate
      method of manometrie is necessary. A pressure measuring device is placed into the
      esophageal occlusion segment and is filled with water under a variably fixed
      pressure. Thus a radial force tries to open the closed sphincter. The opening
      pressure can be equated to the closing pressure. Moreover the activity of
      sphincteric musculature influenced by drugs can be investigated under a constant
      radial pressure.

PMID- 960915
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones and lower esophageal sphincter].
AB  - In the gastroesophageal closing mechanism there is a digestive sphincter which as
      yet has only been identified by its function. This sphincter is subject to the
      action of gastrointestinal hormones; all hormones, except gastrin and possibly
      motilin have a relaxing effect. This action sets in only following administration
      of relatively large doses and thus corresponds to pharmacological effects. The
      physiological effect of gastrin long under discussion could not be proved in
      these tests - at least not for antral G 17. Whether or to what extent other
      hormones - perhaps Big gastrin - have an effect on the control of the lower
      esophageal sphincter under normal conditions remains yet to be determined.

PMID- 960916
TI  - [Acute hemorrhage of the upper digestive tract with special reference to stress
      ulcer. Prevention and surgical therapy].
AB  - For the surgical therapy of an acute stress-ulcer bleeding there are three
      methods to someones disposal: 1.) the local care of a bleeding source 2.) the
      partial gastrectomy and 3.) vagotomy with pyloroplasty and local care of a
      bleeding source and as prophylaxis of an acute stomach bleeding the highly
      selective vagotomy with or without pyloroplasty. On judging the success of these
      methods, some has to consider the basal illness with its letality, because it is
      to differ, wether a patient died postoperative on his basal disease, or on the
      effect of the operation, or out of deficient control of the situation.
      Considering such points it comes out clear, that today the vagotomy with a
      drainage operation is the method of choice, because: 1.) through this
      intervention patients are tainted less as for instance through a partial
      gastrectomy, 2.) through a technical faultless done operation, especially through
      a vagotomy a success concerning a relapse bleeding is guaranteed. Beside that,
      the highly selective vagotomy without drainage operation presents itself as
      prophylactic measure, to prevent an acute stomach bleeding in a number of
      transplanted patients (kidney transplantation). The first experiences with this
      method show, that a improvement of the results is to be expected.

PMID- 960917
TI  - [Summary of work session 3: Drug-induced dissolution of gallstones].
AB  - Since the successful dissolution of cholesterol gallstones is depending to a vast
      degree on the selection of patients put to test, selection of apt patients was to
      be the center point of the work session. Furthermore therapy and side effects was
      being discussed. The best method of choosing patients for chenodeoxycholic-acid
      (CDC)-therapy is presented by oral, less by intravenous, cholecystography.
      Normally this examination provides us with a fair judgement on structure of
      stones, size of stones and total stone volume, factors which are of considerable
      importance for any therapeutic success. Determination of the lithogenic index and
      the finding of cholesterol cristals in the bile could be competent criteria of
      selection, but these methods are far to complicated. These measurements could
      only be applied for the determination of the minimal maintenance dosage before
      onset of long lasting therapy after stone dissolution. The toxic side effects of
      CDC-therapy seem to be of minor degree in human beings. Changes of liver tissue
      that could be unequivocally traced back to CDC could not be detected, in contrast
      to animal experiments, where as there seems to be a correlationbetween an often
      observed elevation of transaminases and the CDC-dosage applied. There is no
      negative influence upon fat metabolism of the patient. There were found no
      morphologic or functional disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract due to CDC
      treatment with the exception of chologenic diarrhea. We have still to wait for
      the results of long-term studies.

PMID- 960918
TI  - [Proceedings: Behavior of gastric secretion, serum gastrin and serum GIP level
      following total elimination or resection of the small intestine in the dog].

PMID- 960919
TI  - [Proceedings: Effect of the small intestine shunt and the small intestine
      resection on gastrin liberation].

PMID- 960920
TI  - [Proceedings: Effects of calcium-concentration changes in the dialysate and serum
      on serum gastrin level during hemodialysis].

PMID- 960921
TI  - [Proceedings: Behavior of gastrin and renin following deglycyrrhizinized succus
      liquiritiae and carbenoxolone administration in healthy subjects].

PMID- 960922
TI  - [Proceedings: Role of alcoholic hepatitis in the pathogenesis of alcoholic
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 960923
TI  - [Proceedings: Reconstruction studies of histologic findings in chronic active
      hepatitis (CAH) and alcohol hepatitis (AH) with special reference to the
      relationship of liver cell necroses to intrahepatic vessels].

PMID- 960924
TI  - [Proceedings: endotoxinemia in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 960925
TI  - [Proceedings: Functional kidney failure due to endotoxins in rats with and
      without portacaval anastomosis].

PMID- 960926
TI  - [Proceedings: Behavior of plasma histamin concentrations in the venous system as
      well as in the pre-and post hepatic system in healthy subjects and in liver
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 960927
TI  - [Proceedings: Liver venography using a balloon catheter following end-to-side
      shunt and in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 960928
TI  - [Proceedings: Iron metabolism in rats with portacaval anastomosis].

PMID- 960929
TI  - [Proceedings: Uptake and excretion of bile acid sulfate esters through the
      isolation-perfused rat liver].

PMID- 960930
TI  - [Proceedings: Biliary lithogensis and bile-acid metabolism under beta
      sitosterol].

PMID- 960931
TI  - [Proceedings: Quantitative determination of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in
      the serum].

PMID- 960932
TI  - [Proceedings: Choleretic effect of "choleretics" in man].

PMID- 960933
TI  - [Proceedings: Combined radiomanometric and histologic studies in surgical
      intervention on Vater's papilla].

PMID- 960934
TI  - [Proceedings: Gastric motility, serum gastrin and gastric secretion in duodenal
      ulcer patients].

PMID- 960935
TI  - [Proceedings: Relationship of ulcer location and pyloro-antral wall hypertrophy
      in stomach ulcer].

PMID- 960936
TI  - [Proceedings: Amylase activity in the parotid saliva in acute and chronic
      pancreatitis during rest and following stimulation with secretin and
      pancreozymin].

PMID- 960937
TI  - [Proceedings: Complement system as a mediator in acute experimental pancreatitis
      of immunologic and non-immunologic genesis].

PMID- 960938
TI  - [Proceedings: Stomach resection (Billroth II) and exocrine pancreas function].

PMID- 960939
TI  - [Proceedings: Effectiveness of sonography in the diagnosis of tumorous diseases
      of the pancreas].

PMID- 960940
TI  - [Proceedings: Experiences with lipase form Rhizopus arrhizos in the treatment of
      pancreatic insufficiency].

PMID- 960941
TI  - [Proceedings: Insulin, DNA, protein and enzyme concentrations of the pancreas and
      ciliated border enzymes following short-term and long-term feeding of an alpha
      amylase-inhibitor (Bay e 4609)].

PMID- 960942
TI  - [Proceedings: Metabolism of prostaglindins through the human gastric mucosa].

PMID- 960943
TI  - [Proceedings: Significance of the degree of wakefulness for gastric juice
      secretion and function of the gastroesophageal sphincter].

PMID- 960944
TI  - [Proceedings: Spatial structure of the mucosa of the small intestine in healthy
      subjects and transformation processes in sprue-like diseases].

PMID- 960945
TI  - [Proceedings: Inhibitory effect of bencyclane (Fludilat) on disaccharidase
      activities in the mucosa of the small intestine of the rat].

PMID- 960946
TI  - [Proceedings: Behavior of pancreatic amylase and disaccharidases in the small
      intestine of the rat during long-term, low-carbohydrate, isocaloric nutrition and
      subsequent change to normal diet].

PMID- 960947
TI  - [Proceedings: Metabolism of free plasma fatty acids (FFS) in the small intestine
      mucosa].

PMID- 960948
TI  - [Proceedings: Mode of action of cholestyramine in enteral hyperoxaluria].

PMID- 960949
TI  - [Proceedings: Course of pregnancy in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 960950
TI  - [Proceedings: Intestinal lymphangiectasis, morphologic findings and their
      diagnostic and therapeutic consequences].

PMID- 960951
TI  - [Proceedings: Detection of an organ-specific autoantibody against hepatocellular
      membrane antigen in ABsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH)].

PMID- 960952
TI  - [Proceedings: Clinical and epidemiological relevance of the subtypes D and Y of
      hepatitis-B-surgace-antigen].

PMID- 960953
TI  - [Proceedings: Siginficance of carcinoembryonic antigen concentration in plasma
      for early diagnosis of digestive tract malignomas].

PMID- 960954
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones].
AB  - Gastrointestinal hormones are considered to be those that are formed in the
      gastrointestinal tract and there, in physiological concentrations, develop their
      effects on motility, secretion, trophism, bloodflow and absorption. Structural
      analysis, synthesis or a high degree of purity after extraction, and its exact
      demonstration by means of a useful radioimmunoassay, form the basis for the
      establishment of a polypeptide as a gastrointestinal hormone. To this category
      belong, at the present time, gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) and
      secretin. GIP, VIP, motilin, glucagon and somatostatin are considered likely
      candidates. The substances gastrin and CCK-PZ, which are structurally related and
      have a predominantly stimulating effect, and the structurally dissimilar motilin,
      contrast with the partially or totally inhibiting hormones of the glucagon
      family, namely, secretin, VIP, glucagon-enteroglucagon, GIP and somatostatin. By
      the combined action of these hormones with one another and with the autonomic
      nervous system, the digestive processes are regulated. Disturbances in the
      formation of these hormones, in particular an overproduction, give rise to
      disease syndromes that can now be diagnosed and, in part, treated by surgery. The
      therapeutic application of gastrointestinal hormones has now also become a
      possibility.

PMID- 960955
TI  - [Gastrin in internal medicine].
AB  - A pathophysiological role of gastrin has been established only in the Zollinger
      Ellison-Syndrome. Hypergastrinemia may be found in cases with prenicious anemia,
      atrophic gastritis and after all forms of vagotomy; furthermore in the excluded
      antrum syndrome, the short bowel syndrome, in renal insufficiency, pyloric
      stenoses and after oral or parenteral administration of calcium. The role of
      gastrin in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer is unknown.

PMID- 960956
TI  - [Gastrin in surgery].
AB  - The clinical symptomatology of the Zollinger-Ellison-syndrome, the diagnostic
      treatment and the surgical procedure are reviewed. The syndrome with excessive
      non-regulated gastrin release from the ZE-tumor is the only form of ulcer disease
      with importance for the surgeon. The development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay
      for circulating gastrin facilitated its diagnosis. The possibility of Zollinger
      Ellison-syndrome should always be considered if ulcer recur after surgical
      procedure by simple ulcer disease. If ulcers are located at atypical sites, if
      multiple ulcer are found, the diagnosis of a Zollinger-Ellison-syndrome should be
      established by measuring serum gastrin levels.

PMID- 960957
TI  - [The problem of functional achlorhydria].
AB  - It was examined whether in anatomically intact specific adenic parenchyma of the
      gastric mucosa achlorhydria can persist after maximal stimulation or whether
      there is support to the conception of functional achlorhydria ("functional
      anacidity") furthermore. Relating to the anatomic structure of the gastric mucosa
      secretion of chloric acid was studied after submaximal and maximal stimulation in
      101 cases. It was shown that there is no correlation between the morphology and
      the secretion of chloric acid in anatomically intact gastric mucosa after
      submaximal stimulation. In 18 cases out of 28 only the secretion of acid was in
      correspondence to the histological condition. In two cases out of 37 with
      atrophic gastric mucosa diverging results were found. After maximal stimulation
      with histamine chloride and pentagastrine one out of two cases with
      histologically intact mucosa showed normochlorhydria after seven days, whereas
      the second case remained achlorhydric. These results must be interpreted as
      functional achlorhydria. Submaximal stimulation of gastric secretion as it is
      practised today does not allow corresponding consequences concerning the
      morphological condition of the gastric mucosa. Discrepant results are found
      especially in histologically normal mucosa. There is more congruence in atrophic
      gastric mucosa.

PMID- 960958
TI  - [Double contrast examination of the stomach. Definition, technic and
      indications].
AB  - Double contrast examination constitutes an important element in radiological
      gastric examination. The author examines the history of the term "double
      contrast" and defines the designation of "double contrast examination". The
      exclusive use of the double contrast method reduces the diagnostic value of
      gastric X-ray examinations. Thus a method is suggested that will avoid the
      disadvantages of exclusive double contrast examination while adequately including
      double contrast in the gastric examination. This is done by using various methods
      - according to the problem posed - in order to achieve the double contrast.

PMID- 960959
TI  - [Examination using the gastro-camera and gastroscopy--confrontation and
      complementation].
AB  - Both the gastro-camera and gastroscopy are methods of examination dating back to
      the last century. Since 1955 examination with the gastro-camera has gained major
      importance in Japan. Not until the efficient gastroscopic instruments based on
      fiber optics and with extremely flexible points as well as advance view optical
      systems were developed large-scale, introduction esophageal gastro-bulboscopy in
      hospitals and in offices of specialists became possible. In our view the
      replacement of the gastro-camera method of diagnosis as a basic examination by
      gastroscopy is not justified. The gastro-camera is highly efficient and easily
      applied if centers for early diagnosis of gastric tumor cooperate with the
      examining physicans; their own experience with the gastro-camera is a premise for
      this arrangement. The principal task of endoscopic diagnosis is the determination
      as to therapy, namely whether surgery or a conservative method should be applied:
      this is particularly true in the case of early carcinoma stages where a 90% 5
      year survival chance prevails. For various reasons gastro-camera examination
      should be assigned a more prominent role. Gastroscopy and histological
      examination represent further steps in diagnosing malignant processes. It is not
      possible to preclude the possiblity of a malignant tumor by means of gastroscopic
      biopsy.

PMID- 960960
TI  - [Endoscopic tumor-cell diagnosis within the region of duodenum].
AB  - The technique spontaneously or siphoned after cholecystokinin stimulation. Our
      technique of cell collection within the region of the duodenum, the pancreas and
      the bile-ducts have been optimal performed by duodenoscopical methods. From the
      papilla of Vater, the cell brush abrasion is used. Pancreatic secretions are
      obtained by praepapillary drainage with a catheter after secretin stimulation or
      siphoned after canulation of the ductus Wirsungianus. Bile is obtained wth the
      same technique of material collection and processing is described.
      Characteristical tumor cell findings of the papilla of Vater, of the pancreas and
      the bile ducts are demonstrated and the cytodiagnostic's position within the
      tumor recognition in this area is discussed. We think the tumor cell search with
      the described duodenoscopical techniques as indicated in following cases: 1.
      suspicion of carcinoma of papilla of Vater, 2.obstructve jaundice, 3. in search
      of carcinoma of the pancreas.

PMID- 960961
TI  - [Sterilization during puerperium (author's transl)].
AB  - Sterilization of the woman during puerperium is performed immediately following
      delivery via a periumbilical incision during a caesaren section isthmica
      intraperitonealis via laparoscopy or 3--5 days following delivery by pelviscopy.
      The surgical procedure currently in use for ligating or severing the fallopian
      tubes is accompanied by extensive loss of blood. This procedure should,
      therefore, be replaced by the coagulation method which is safer and does not
      contribute to the formation of adhesions. If the abdomen has been dissected,
      either high frequency current or the Endo-coagulation procedure may be used to
      produce the destructive heat necessary to coagulate the fallopian tubes. If the
      abdomen has not been opened and the coagulation of the fallopian tubes must be
      performed via pelviscopy, the Endo-coagulation method should be used instead of
      the high frequency current procedure which cannot be absolutely controlled by the
      surgeon. The Endo-coagulation procedure works at or about the temperature of
      boiling water. The failure rate for this procedure is about 2--3 %0.

PMID- 960962
TI  - [Serum concentrations of SP1, HLP and estriol in last trimester of normal
      pregnancy: circadian variations and influence of labour (author's transl)].
AB  - Serum concentrations of SP1, HPL and estriol were investigated for circadian
      variations: levels of SP1 were significantly decreased at the 24th and 4th hour.
      An investigation of serum concentrations of SP1, HPL and estriol during labours
      revealed a tendency of decreasing levels of estriol.

PMID- 960963
TI  - The oxytocin challenge test in the prognosis of high-risk labor.
AB  - In of 707 pregnant women in the last five weeks of pregnancy a total of 1025
      Oxytocin-Challenge Tests (OCT) were performed. Perinatal mortality in the toral
      material was 16,8% crude and 14,2% corrected. The results of the test were
      classified into three patterns: normal, borderline (or prepathological) and
      pathological. The main characteristics of these three patterns are described.
      Normal OCT was found in 84.9% of the tests and 83,7% of the cases. Borderline OCT
      was present in 8% of the tests and 7,7% of the cases. Finally pathological
      profiles were present in 7% and 8,4% respectively. The results of the OCT were
      compared with the perinatal mortality in the three groups and with the percentage
      of fetal distress intra partum. It is concluded that the OCT is perhaps the most
      accurate method to ascertain acute placental insufficiency pre partum. Even the
      more controversial borderline cases, have a clinical significance.

PMID- 960964
TI  - [Uterine activity in late pregnancy (author's transl)].
AB  - In late pregnancy three different dinks of uterine activity can be observed by
      external tocography: Alvarez-waves, Braxton-Hicks-contractions and phases of
      inactivity equivalent to the intervals of labour. Contractions and phases of
      inactivity increases on to delivery, while the portion of Alvarez-waves
      decreases. Braxton-Hicks-contractions and phases of inactivity are opposed to the
      uncoordinated Alvarex-waves as coordinated activity. Accordingly these changes
      are explained as a process of increasing coordination of uterine activity, which
      finally ends in delivery.

PMID- 960965
TI  - [Reticulin-antibodies in lupus erythematosus and polymorphic light exanthema].

PMID- 960966
TI  - [Alternating steroid treatment in pemphigus and pemphigoid].

PMID- 960967
TI  - [Gangrenous pyoderma and IgA-paraproteinemia].
AB  - A gammaAchi--paraproteinemia was found in a 73 year-old female patient with
      pyoderma gangraenosum. Since the paraporteins hitherto observed in pyoderma
      gangraenosum predominantly belong to the IgA class, a relationship may exist
      between pyoderma gangraenosum and this type of paraproteinemia.

PMID- 960968
TI  - [Neurodystrophic quadrant syndrome simulatray puffed-sleeve lipomatosis].

PMID- 960969
TI  - The in vitro effect of diethylaminoethyl dextran on stimulation of mouse
      lymphocytes, and on the mitogenic activity of concanavalin A and
      lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Unpurified lymphocytes from spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, and T and B cell
      enriched fractions of spleen cells from NMRI mice as well as lymphocytes of nude
      mice were cultured and stimulation of the lymphocytes by DEAE-D, Con A and LPS
      and combinations thereof was measured by incorporation of 3H-thymidine. It was
      demonstrated that DEAE-D is a rather weak mitogen for mouse lymphocytes, acting
      apparently on B cells as well as on T cells. Frequency and intensity of
      lymphocyte stimulation by the T cell mitogen Con A and the B cell mitogen LPS was
      much better. When combinations of DEAE-D with Con A or LPS, respectively, were
      used significant enhancement of lymphocyte stimulation occurred, as compared to
      the mitogens and DEAE-D alone. This enhancement was more prominent with the DEAE
      D/Con A combination than with the DEAE-D/LPS combination, and more pronounced
      with the T cell-rich lymphocyte preparations than with the B cell-rich
      suspensions. The results are discussed and it is concluded that DEAE-D enhances
      both T cell and B cell functions, however, T cell functions are favoured. This
      enhancement is assumed to be mediated by a membrane effect of DEAE-D, and to be
      responsible for th immunological adjuvant effect of DEAE-D.

PMID- 960970
TI  - Antigenic relationship between chicken brain and granulocytes.
AB  - Antisera prepared in rabbits and turkeys against chicken brain were tested in
      membrane immunofluorescence and lymphocytotoxicity tests for their reactivity
      with thymocytes and cells from the bursa of Fabricius of normal White Leghorn
      chickens. In contrast to the findings in mice and other mammals, these antisera
      did not afford any specific reaction with thymus cells after exhaustive
      absorptions of species specific antibodies with cells from various tissues.
      However, absorbed rabbit antisera could be shown to react specifically with cells
      from the granulocytic series in the bone marrow and, to a lesser extent, in the
      peripheral blood of chickens.

PMID- 960971
TI  - Genetic differences between endotoxin-sensitive and resistant C3H mice.
      Intraperitoneal cell response to lipopolysaccharide and prostaglandins.
AB  - The 2 related mouse strains C3H/HeJ and C3/Han differe in their response to
      endotoxin. C3H/HeJ mice are endotoxin-resistant, C3H/Han mice are - like all
      other mice - endotoxin-sesinsitive. The uptake of fluorescent intraperitoneally
      injected lipopolysaccharide was similar in both mouse strains. The
      intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide produced a higher mobilization of
      neutrophil granulocytes in resistant C3H/HeJ mice than in C3H/Han mice. An
      opposite pattern of mobilization of neutrophil granulocytes could be observed
      after injection of the prostaglandins E 1, E 2, and F 1 alpha: which both mouse
      strains were compared, a normal mobilization was observed in C3H/Han mice.
      C3H/HeJ mice showed a markedly decreased mobilization. If the difference between
      the 2 strains resides in a single gene locus itis to be assumed that
      lipopolysaccharide resistance is controlled by the same gene which also effects
      an impaired response to neutrophil mobilization after prostaglandin application.

PMID- 960972
TI  - Factors influencing the phagocytosis-stimulated glucose oxidation in porcine
      leukocytes.
AB  - The stimulation of the D-(1-14C)glucose and D-(6-14C)glucose metabolism in pig
      leucocytes during the phagocytosis of bacteria and inert particles was studied.
      The following results were obtained: 1. The magnitude of phagocytosis-stimulated
      glucose oxidation is directly related to the nature and number of particles
      added. 2. Live bacteria stimulate the glucose metabolism to a greater extent than
      do a similar number of heat-killed organisms. As to the extent of the stimulation
      the species of bacteria offered for phagocytosis is crucial. 3. After in vitro
      addition of a lipopolysaccharide a stimulating effect is observed, a depression
      has been shown after the addition of hydrocortisone.

PMID- 960973
TI  - [Studies on the mechanism and duration of antibody-mediated immunosuppression
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The simultaneous injection of either 10(8) or 5 X 10(5) sheep erythrocytes (SE)
      and an allogeneic anti-SE serum into mice produced not only a suppression of the
      primary immune response, but, moreover, the secondary immune reaction elicited,
      either 4, 8, 12, 16 or 30 weeks after the primary antigenic stimulation, was
      found to be impaired. This was mainly demonstrated by the significantly reduced
      numbers of 7 S antibody-synthesizing spleen cells. The suppression of the
      secondary immune responses is hardly compatible with the conception that the
      antibody-mediated immunosuppression is solely due to an inactivation of the
      antigenic determinants by the passively administered specific antibody in the
      periphery of the immune system. This objection against the so-called "peripheric
      theory" is supported by a further finding. When mice primarily immunized by a
      simultaneous injection of 10(8) SE and anti-SE-serum were treated with 2 X 10(7)
      SE 24 hours before boostering with 10(8) SE, in order to eliminate a possibly
      existing residual activity of the passively administered specific antibodies
      given together with the primary antigenic stimulus, the secondary 7 S response
      was likewise found to be significantly suppressed. On the basis of these findings
      it is suggested that besides the "peripheric mechanism" a "central" effect plays
      a significant role in the phenomenon of antibody-mediated immunosuppression, this
      being due to the reversible or irreversible inactivation of immunocompetent
      precursor cells by the attachment of antigen-antibody-complexes which results in
      an inhibition of their differentiation into antibody-producing cells.

PMID- 960974
TI  - Cooperative binding of a complement component to antigen-antibody complexes. III.
      Complexes containing IgM antibodies.
AB  - The first component of guinea pig complement (C1)2) is bound in a cooperative
      manner to antigen-antibody complexes containing rabbit IgM antibodies, as was
      previously shown to be the case for IgG antibodies. The shape of the binding
      curves is consistent with an allosteric mechanism involving clusters of 10
      interacting C1 binding sites. Similar results were obtained with IgM antibodies
      against an artificial hapten and against a natural constituent of the erythrocyte
      membrane.

PMID- 960975
TI  - [Diagnostic value of mitral and septal echocardiographic changes in aortic valve
      insufficiency].
AB  - 116 patients with aortic regurgitation of different severity with and without
      associated valvular lesions were studied with echocardiography. In all cases the
      diagnosis was proven by cardiac catheterisation. Typical fluttering of the
      anterior mitral valve leaflet and the interventricular septum were oftener
      observed with increasing degree of severity of aortic regurgitation. An
      associated fluttering of the posterior mitral valve leaflet is described. This is
      seen with increasing severity of the valvular lesion and in more than 90% of
      patients with severe aortic regurgitation as it is observed with the anterior
      mitral leaflet. An isolated fluttering of the interventricular septum was
      observed in two cases and is also regarded as a specific finding in aortic
      regurgitation. There was a significant higher pulse pressure in patients with
      fluttering of the anterior mitral leaflet and/or the interventricular septum than
      in those cases without fluttering. Fluttering of mitral leaflets in aortic
      regurgitation was seen even in patients with additional mitral stenosis with and
      without calcification and after commissurotomy. A premature mitral valve closure
      was noted in one of 93 cases, an incomplete diastolic aortic valve closure in 29
      of 78 cases. The diastolic diameter of the aortic root was mildly increased in 17
      patients with pure aortic regurgitation. In 8 patients, mostly with severe aortic
      regurgitation, the E-F-Slope of the anterior mitral leaflet ranged between 120
      and 160 mm/sec. The presented findings do not allow a conclusion regarding the
      severity of aortic regurgitation. However, they do allow the echocardiographic
      diagnosis of aortic regurgitation with a high degree of accuracy, in particular
      in cases of fluttering.

PMID- 960976
TI  - [Autosomal dominant hereditary atrial septal defect with heart conduction defects
      and mitral valve insufficiency].
AB  - An autosomal dominant inherited ASD with conduction defects in one family is
      described. 6 members of 4 generations were fallen ill. In 4 patients the
      diagnosis was made clinically, in 2 sisters the diagnosis was confirmed by
      operation. Moreover, the last 2 patients had a mitral insufficiency--probably
      congenital. The ecg-findings of 4 patients additionally showed conduction defects
      in form of AV-and bundle branch blocks.

PMID- 960977
TI  - [Severe atrioventricular block in 2 cases with pre-excitation syndrome].
AB  - In two patients with WPW syndrome Type A suffering from syncopes and dizziness
      intermittent high degree A-V block was observed. The analysis of the surface Ecg
      revealed in the first case a complete A-V block within the normal conduction
      system at the level of the A-V node. In the second case there was a constant left
      bundle branch block with intermittent block in the right fascicle (intermittent
      trifascicular block). In both cases the preexcitation syndromes could be best
      explained by accessory tracts bypassing the normal nodal system left side. One-to
      one conduction through the bypass occurred only at a distinct range of cycle
      lengths, at lower frequencies the accessory tracts were refractory and a IInd or
      IIIrd degree A-V block occurred. However, outside this frequency zone some P
      waves were conducted through the accessory tracts without changes in cycle
      lengths. The findings support the thesis of at least two functionally different
      atrioventricular pathways in patients with preexcitation syndrome.

PMID- 960978
TI  - [Atypical vagal Wenckebach period in a high performance athlete].
AB  - A 27-year-old man, engaged in heavy physical training, exhibited
      sinusbradyarrhythmia with atrial abnormality and second degree av-block (atypical
      Wenckebach period). Since abnormal sinusrhythms was established with exercise and
      following parasympathetic blockade, this rhythm disorder was considered
      consequential exaggerated vagal tone. With the aid of His-bundle
      electrocardiography the block was localized in the av-node (AH).

PMID- 960979
TI  - [Fascicular block and skeletal myopathies].
AB  - Ecg investigation of skeletal myopathies showed in the approximate half of cases
      mono- and bifascicular blocks (left anterior, left posterior, RBBB). In view of
      the possibility of development of complete AV-block, whose prognosis will not be
      the best, cardiological observation is recommended for life.

PMID- 960980
TI  - [Effect of somatic parameters on Frank's electrocardiogram in childhood].
AB  - Correlations were computed between 123 different electrocardiographic variables
      and constitutional parameters of 179 children aged seven to fourteen years using
      the Frank system. The constitutional parameters consisted of age, body weight,
      height, chest circumference and deviation from ideal weight related to height.
      The corrected orthogonal Ecg was automatically measured by a CD 3300 computer
      using the program of Pipberger. The results show that the greatest number of
      statistically significant correlations exist between Ecg variables and body
      height. In contrast to expectations, age takes only the second rank. Normal
      values of the Frank Ecg should be related to height not to age, at least in the
      studied age group.

PMID- 960981
TI  - [Metabolism of essential and endogenous serum fatty acids in healthy persons,
      coronary disease and patients with lipid metabolism disorder. Partial aspect of
      high risk problem patients with age-related lipid and fatty acid concentrations
      in serum and regulation of long-chain products from essential and endogenous
      precursors in healthy subjects].
AB  - Total lipid, free and esterified cholesterol and triglycerides significantly
      increase in concentration with increasing age. Palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and
      linoleic acid behave in the same way. Free fatty acids, phospholipids and stearic
      acid show the same concentrations in all groups of age. C20 fatty acids
      demonstrate a competitive regulatory mechanism of desaturase activity in their
      age dependant distribution. While the 20:3(n-9), a product of the endogenous (n
      9) family, increases, the 20:3(n-6) and 20:4(n-6), both desaturation and chain
      elongation products of the essential n-6 family, decrease. Such behavior has been
      demonstrated in many feeding studies (12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 29) and is interpreted
      as a result of competitive substrate interaction on desaturase activity.

PMID- 960982
TI  - [Working method of the Hannover program].
AB  - A view about the operation of the Hanover-Ecg-Program System is given. An
      essential, if not the most important mark of this system is the combined
      graphical and numerical print of the results. This print allows the physician a
      quick preliminary diagnosis and a control of quality. The rhythm diagnostic of
      the Hanover System is a remarkable progress. Also complicated arrhythms can be
      recognized in this manner. The rhythm diagram gives the physician a good control.

PMID- 960983
TI  - [Determination of acid alpha-glucosidase activity in human urine].

PMID- 960984
TI  - A colorimetric micromethod for determination of hydroxyproline in blood serum.

PMID- 960985
TI  - [Improved semi-thinlayer technic in the diagnosis of glomerular kidney
      disorders].

PMID- 960986
TI  - [Determination of the urinary electrolyte concentration by means of measurements
      of electric conductivity].

PMID- 960987
TI  - [Comparison of measurements of kidney concentrating ability by means of cryoscopy
      and conductometry].

PMID- 960988
TI  - [Laboratory equipment for the radioimmunologic determination of IgE].

PMID- 960989
TI  - [Adaptation of the oxygen electrode of the Astrup apparatus AME-1 for the
      measurement of oxygen consuming enzyme activities].

PMID- 960990
TI  - [Randomization- -ideal or expedient].

PMID- 960991
TI  - [A fast and simple protein determination with bromphenol blue].

PMID- 960992
TI  - [Quick determination of the ultrafilterable electrolyte moeity in the serum].

PMID- 960993
TI  - [Applicator for thin-layer chromatographic routine work].

PMID- 960994
TI  - Relationship between the growth in stature and the age at menarche of Chinese
      girls in Hong Kong.

PMID- 960995
TI  - [Finger and hand prints of Jena school children].

PMID- 960996
TI  - [Variations of hair color according to age].

PMID- 960997
TI  - Skin pigmentation variability.

PMID- 960998
TI  - [Strength measurements in human grip space].

PMID- 960999
TI  - [Method for reconstruction and description of non-recent populations in
      demographic aspect].

PMID- 961000
TI  - An electron microscopic and cytochemical detection of concanavalin A receptors on
      the cell membrane of Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis.
AB  - Promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis quyanensis cultivated in the NNN medium
      agglutinate with concanavalin A (con A). The protozoon was agglutinated at
      different concentrations of con A. Maximal agglutination was obtained with 150
      mug/ml. Three types of agglutination were observed: flagellar-flagellar,
      flagellar-body and body-body. Cell surface polysaccharides, glycoproteins or
      glycolipids were demonstrated using the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver
      proteinate technic. A con A-horseradish peroxidase-diaminobenzidine (DAB) technic
      was used to detect con A receptors on the cell membrane of the parasite.

PMID- 961001
TI  - Studies on the ultrastructure, histochemistry and cytochemistry of the uninfected
      digestive gland of Bithynia tentaculata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) and on the
      ultrastructure of this host organ in snails infected with larval digeneans.
AB  - The structure and function of the digestive gland of the gastropod mollusc,
      Bithynia tentaculata, was investigated using ultrastructural, histochemical, and
      cytochemical techniques. The digestive gland was shown to be composed of two main
      cell types, the "digestive" cells and "secretory" cells. The digestive cells
      appeared to be concerned with the absorption and digestion of nutrients, while
      secretory cells produced digestive enzymes and calcareous concretions.
      Undifferentiated cells were scattered between these two main cell types. The
      pathological effects of larval digeneans on the digestive gland were also
      investigated, at the ultrastructural level. In such infected snails the digestive
      gland appeared to be degenerating. The significance of this tissue destruction
      was briefly discussed.

PMID- 961002
TI  - Qualitative analysis of substances excreted by Isoparorchis hypselobagri
      (Trematoda) during aerobic in vitro culture.
AB  - Isoparorchis hypselobagri from the swim bladder of the catfish, Wallago attu was
      aerobically cultured in vitro. The dialyzed incubate was microchemically analysed
      for either individual or group of compounds excreted by the parasite. Amino
      acids, amines, amides, ammonia, aldehyde, glycine, alpha-alanine, tyrosine, alpha
      aminocarboxylic acids, haemoglobin, nitrogen, reducing materials, and lactic,
      pyruvic, succinic, propionic and acetic acids were found in the incubate, but
      acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, O-dioxo and oxomethylene, and formic acid were not
      detected.

PMID- 961003
TI  - Studies on the infectivity of Fasciola hepatica miracidia to Lymnaea truncatula.
      Attachment and penetration of miracidia into non-infected and infected snails.
AB  - Fasciola hepatica miracidia labelled in vivo with radioselenium have been used in
      studies on the capacity of the miracidia to attach to and penetrate the tegument
      of infected compared with non-infected host snails (Lymnaea truncatula). The
      results show that the penetration of the larvae into the snail tissue is not
      influenced by an already existing infection, regardless of its developmental
      stage.

PMID- 961004
TI  - Studies on host-flea relationship. IV. Progesterone and cortisone do not
      influence the reproductive potentials of rat fleas Xenopsylla cheopis
      (Rothschild) and X. astia (Rothschild).
AB  - Experiments carried out to study the influence of progesterone and cortisone on
      the initiation of ovarian maturation, fecundity rate and fertility of the two
      species of rat fleas Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild) and X. astia (Rothschild)
      indicated that these hormones do not exert any influence on their reproductive
      potentials. This along with earlier observations show that the factors which
      regulate ovarian maturation and fecundity in these rat fleas are different from
      those of the rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale).

PMID- 961005
TI  - [About a substance with antithrombinic activity, found in the latero-oesophageal
      glands of Meinertia oestroides (Risso, 1826) (Isopoda, Flabellifera, Cymothoidae;
      parasite of fishes) (author's transl)].
AB  - An anticlotting factor was found recently in the cephalothoracic latero
      oesophageal glands (G.L.O.) of Cymothoid Isopods (blood-sucking fishparasites).
      This substance is efficient on the blood of hosts such as Boops boops (L.), and
      also on the human plasma. The way of action and the chemical kind of this factor
      were investigated: Plasmatic coagulation-tests (Howell, Quick, Cephalin-kaolin,
      Stypven, Stypven-cephalin, Thrombin and Thrombin coagulase times) were realized
      on citrated plasmas of Boops and man; enzymatic activities of latero-esophageal
      glands and hepatopancreas of Meinertia oestroides (Risso, 1826) were also
      studied. Our results show that the anticlotting action of G.L.O. extracts
      proceeds from an anti-thrombinic factor, certainly carbohydrate-like as heparin.

PMID- 961006
TI  - [The effect of salt solutions of different ionic composition on the swimming
      activity of cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni].

PMID- 961007
TI  - Babesia hylomysci in mice: Preference for erythrocytes of a particular age-group
      and pathogenesis of the anaemia.
AB  - Scintillation counting on 59Fe-labelled haemoglobin in erythrocytes, serum and
      urine during B. hylomysci infection in mice demonstrated that the parasite had a
      predilection to older mature erythrocytes and that the anaemia produced during
      the infection was mainly due to the direct destruction of infected erythrocytes.
      An autoimmune reaction has also been incriminated as a factor in the pathogenesis
      of the anaemia, but was of a lesser magnitude and its manifestations were masked
      by the direct destruction of infected erythrocytes.

PMID- 961008
TI  - Ultrastructure of macrogametogenesis of Eimeria mivati.
AB  - The development of the macrogamete of Eimeria mivati Edgar and Seibold 1964 was
      studied with the electron microscope. Development of the young gamont was
      characterized by a loss of organelles such as the apical complex, subpellicular
      microtubules, rhoptries and micronemes, followed by an increase in micropores,
      mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), and Golgi complexes. Nuclear
      detachment bodies and canaliculi were present in maturing macrogamonts.
      Amylopectin was first observed as small electron-dense rod-like bodies that
      eventually became large electron-transparent bodies. Type II wall-forming bodies
      developed in the cisternae of the rER. Type I wall-forming bodies appeared
      shortly thereafter in close association with numerous Golgi complexes. Many small
      vesicles located between the cisternae of the rER and the Golgi complexes formed
      what appeared to be a secretory pathway whereby protein formed in the cisternae
      and, modified by the Golgi complex, may produce the type I wall body material.
      The outer wall of the oocyst developed between two distal membranes on the
      surface of the macrogamete. Although the actual mechanism of deposition of the
      wall material was not seen, it was probably by some secretory process. Wall
      forming bodies did not fuse.

PMID- 961010
TI  - [Rabies, with special reference to epidemiology and control].

PMID- 961009
TI  - Qualitative distribution of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Hymenolepis
      microstoma from the cysticercoid to the egg producing adult.
AB  - The distribution of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Hymenolepis microstoma
      has been studied using Fettrot, Sudan Black B, Sudan IV and copper phthalocyanin
      staining techniques. In the cysticercoid, neutral lipids are found in the outer
      membrane, the lining of the cysticercoid cavity, the tegument of the larval worm
      and the calcareous corpuscles. A decreasing gradient of phospholipids is found
      starting from the acellular layer, through the circular fibrous layer, the
      longitudinal fibrous layer, the adjacent dense zone and ending with the lining of
      the cysticercoid cavity. Phospholipids are also found in the calcareous
      corpuscles and the tegument of the larval worm. In the young adult (3 days p.i.)
      fat globules are first seen to accumulate in the last 2-3 proglottids. Until the
      6th day p.i. they are found in the posterior third of the worm, surrounding
      developing gonads, but mostly concentrated along the transverse line. The mature
      proglottids contain fat, (a) in both granular and globular forms: in the folds of
      the uterus, sperm ducts, cirrus pouch and tegument (proximal cytoplasm), (b) in a
      diffuse form: in the vitellaria, ovary, testes and the tegument (distal
      cytoplasm). Pre-gravid and gravid proglottids show the largest fat globules. From
      the cleaving embryo to the fully developed oncosphere the concentrations of
      neutral lipids and phospholipids vary in form, intensity and location. In all
      strobilar forms of the parasite neutral lipids and phospholipids are found in the
      tegument and calcareous corpuscles. Although in H. microstoma lipid droplets are
      found in the excretory canals, all lipids in the proglottids are not absolutely
      waste products. From the results it would appear that they play a role in the
      maturation of gonads and transformation of the fertilized ovum to the oncosphere.

PMID- 961011
TI  - [Effects of the Ozothin on the quality and quantity of gastric juice secretion].

PMID- 961012
TI  - [Gastroscopy and polypectomy. What does gastroenterologic endoscopy offer to the
      surgeon? (1)].

PMID- 961013
TI  - [Coloscopy and endoscopic retrograde demonstration of the biliary and pancreatic
      duct system. What does gastroenterologic endoscopy offer to the surgeon? (2)].

PMID- 961014
TI  - [Resection and/or vagotomy in ulcer diseases. Indication--methods--results].

PMID- 961015
TI  - [Operative treatment of Crohn's disease].

PMID- 961016
TI  - [Age-characteristic adverse effects of drugs in early infancy].

PMID- 961017
TI  - [Sexuality in the elderly].

PMID- 961018
TI  - [Check to myocardial infarct].

PMID- 961019
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of iron deficiency in children].

PMID- 961020
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of pancreatic diseases, with special reference to anatomic
      and physiologic bases].

PMID- 961021
TI  - [Causal treatment of hemorrhoids in private practice].

PMID- 961022
TI  - [Letter: Crisis of the authority of the general practitioner. Comment on the
      paper "Authority of the general practitioner", by L. Diener, ZFA, no. 10, April
      10, 1976].

PMID- 961023
TI  - Renal abscess: old problem with a new look.

PMID- 961024
TI  - Flu sunday for the elderly.

PMID- 961025
TI  - Editorial: From the iron to the lace curtain.

PMID- 961026
TI  - Virginia's Board of Medicine acts to insure physician competency.

PMID- 961027
TI  - Medicine and the law.

PMID- 961028
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm of the aortic arch associated with the cardiovascular form of
      Marfan's Syndrome.

PMID- 961029
TI  - Obliterating vascular lesions in the cerebral aging process.

PMID- 961030
TI  - Jugular venous pulse recording in a patient without a tricuspid valve.
AB  - The unusual contour of the jugular venous pulse tracing (JVPT) in a patient whose
      tricuspid valve was excised is described. The appearance of an early positive
      systolic wave (SW) followed by a prominent "V" wave and a delayed deep "Y"
      descent were noted.

PMID- 961031
TI  - Postoperative arrhythmias in open-heart surgery, A study on fifty cases.
AB  - 50 consecutive patients undergone open heart surgery were analyzed regarding
      postoperative arrhythmias in the first postoperative 3 days. Disturbances of
      rhythm occurred in each case of our group, serious or not serious (100%).
      Ventricular premature beats were the most frequent type of arrhythmia in the
      first and second postoperative days (80%). Two cases expired postoperatively. In
      one of them complete atrioventricular block developed after double valvular
      replacements (mitral and tricuspid). The other died of low cardiac output
      syndrome. Etiology of the arrhythmias after open heart surgery is not clear in
      the absence of electrolyte and metabolic disturbances, digitalis intoxication and
      surgical trauma to the conduction system and coronary arteries. Low cardiac
      output syndrome, hypotension and hypoxia can also be blamed in the formation of
      these arrhythmias. Other factors such as the prolongation of anoxic arrest,
      irritation of the ventricular septum by valvular prostheses, cardiac irritation
      by thoracic tubes, psychologic trauma, halothane anesthesia and coronary arterial
      disease in the old age group may be the possible predisposing factors in these
      patients.

PMID- 961032
TI  - Celiac artery obstruction after arteriography.
AB  - The first case of celiac artery obstruction due to selective arteriography is
      reported. Impairment of flow to liver and duodenum was present; but the patient
      recovered uneventfully with non-operative treatment. Management of this problem
      centers around observation, liver support, and putting the gut at rest. If non
      operative treatment is failing, operation should be done, vascular reconstruction
      carried out, and the duodenum inspected to ensure its viability.

PMID- 961033
TI  - "String" endarterectomy.

PMID- 961034
TI  - Letter: Gateway insurance.

PMID- 961035
TI  - Report on the use of urokinase in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 961036
TI  - A-V fistula following use of a Fogarty catheter.

PMID- 961037
TI  - Techniques for fabrication and use of external catheter molds.

PMID- 961038
TI  - Axillary sympathectomy for upper extremities.
AB  - Among the several various surgical approaches to the cervico-dorsal sympathetic
      system, the axillary approach seems to us the operation of choice. The operation
      is simple, gives excellent access to the required sympathetic ganglions,
      including the lower part of the stellate ganglion, down to the fifth thoracic
      ganglion. In all cases the sympathectomy was clinically complete. The
      postoperative course was mostly smooth, and the few cases of transient Horner's
      Syndrome, pneumothorax and hemothorax could have been avoided.

PMID- 961039
TI  - Complications encountered during arterial embolectomy with the Fogarty balloon
      catheter.
AB  - The Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter, while indispensible in the
      armamentarium of the vascular surgeon, is not entirely benign instrument. A case
      is desribed in which the balloon was lost in its entirety from the catheter and
      immediately retrieved using a second identical instrument. A comprehensive survey
      of the literature reveals that a variety of arterial injuries have occurred
      during the use of the Fogarty catheter. Each of the major ones is discussed in
      depth. Amongst the most serious are arterial perforation and rupture occasionally
      followed by loss of the involved extremity. All previously reported complications
      following use of the Fogarty catheter are tabulated and reviewed. Additionally, a
      formal classification of these complications is proposed. Since the time of its
      introduction in 1963 the Fogarty ballon-tipped catheter has become an
      indispensible tool in the armamentarium of the vascular surgeon. Its use for
      arterial embolectomy has been responsible for the salvage of many thousands of
      limbs. Over the course of the past decade, however, a number of complications
      referable to this instrument have appeared in the literature. These include
      perforation of vessels, intimal disruption and foreign body embolization amongst
      others. To our knowledge, however, there has been only one reported case of a
      balloon having been lost intra-arterially in toto without obvious cause. It is
      the purpose of this paper to present the second such case where the balloon,
      which had separated entirely from the catheter during the course of an arterial
      embolectomy, was later retrieved by passage of a second Fogarty catheter. In
      addition, a comprehensive review of the literature is undertaken, and all
      arterial complications reported to date summarized and tabulated.

PMID- 961040
TI  - Major peripheral veins injuries.
AB  - The injury was severe in wounded limb patients of this series who suffered from
      an associated major peripheral vein trauma. The presence of such an injury
      weighed heavily on the prognosis. Thirty eight patients with major peripheral
      veins injuries are reviewed. The injury had resulted from war wounds, work or
      road accidents. The superficial femoral vein was the most frequently injured
      vein. Associated injuries were frequently noted: soft tissues injuries in 35
      patients, fractures in 33, arterial injuries in 32 and peripheral nerve injuries
      in 22 patients. Shock was more often present and more severe in patients who
      suffered also from a vein injury than in patients with an arterial injury only.
      The lacerated femoral vein was ligated in the majority of patients. Attempts were
      made to repair the lacerated popliteal veins. Repair of the vein was usually done
      by anastomosis of debrided ends. When an arterial injury was also present, it was
      repaired first. The postoperative complications were frequent and included
      infections, thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolisations. Twenty four patients
      were discharged with a viable limb. Complete function was recovered in seven
      patients only. Partial neurological deficit remained in twelve patients and
      complete paralysis in five. Twelve patients underwent subsequent amputation of
      the injured limb. Indications for amputation were ischemia in eight, infection or
      extensive destruction of tissues in four. Two patients died.

PMID- 961041
TI  - Bovine artegraft arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis in one-hundred patients
      after "conventional" arteriovenous fistulas failed.
AB  - The use of the Bovine artegraft for creation of arteriovenous fistulas in the
      hemodialysis patients was first carried out in the midsummer of 1971. Since that
      time, there has been considerable material reported in the use of this substitute
      as an access for hemodialysis. In this article information gained from an ongoing
      study of the first 100 patients in chronic hemodialysis who had Bovine artegraft
      arteriovenous fistulas was reviewed. The indications for operation, the standard
      technique, the results, the complications, and the future plans for study of the
      physiology and hemodynamics of this type of fistula are described. The Bovine
      artegraft, AV fistula can be created successfully in a high percentage of
      patients, offers ease of needle placement, and effective dialysis with very
      little complication.

PMID- 961042
TI  - Aortitis syndrome associated with ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 961043
TI  - [Clinico-electroencephalographic studies in psoriasis].

PMID- 961044
TI  - [Glycoprotein reactions as a manifestation of the adaptation syndrome in patients
      with certain dermatoses].

PMID- 961045
TI  - [State of the blood coagulation system in eczema according to data of
      thrombelastographic and coagulographic studies].

PMID- 961046
TI  - [Experimental and clinical cryogenic effect of liquid nitrogen on the skin].

PMID- 961047
TI  - [Changes in different parts of the nervous system and muscle tissue in patients
      with eczema and neurodermatitis].

PMID- 961048
TI  - [Certain indicators of functional state of the higher nervous activity in
      patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 961049
TI  - [Nonspecific neuro-psychic disorders in patients with early syphilis].

PMID- 961050
TI  - [Experimental study of the effect of certain soaps on the skin].

PMID- 961051
TI  - [Case of Kyrile's disease].

PMID- 961052
TI  - [Study of folic acid content in the skin in psoriasis].

PMID- 961053
TI  - [Use of afungil, gioxizone, butadiene and depersolone in treatment of certain
      dermatoses].

PMID- 961054
TI  - [Should karchauli liquid be used in certain benign tumors and tumor-like skin
      lesions?].

PMID- 961055
TI  - [Treatment of scleroderma with dimethylsulfoxide].

PMID- 961056
TI  - [Case of facial pepillomatosis successfully treated with celandine juice].

PMID- 961057
TI  - [M. canis carrier state in man].

PMID- 961058
TI  - [Tissue inflammatory reaction in trichophytosis caused by zoophilic fungi].

PMID- 961059
TI  - [Treatment of dermatomycoses with mycosolone].

PMID- 961060
TI  - [Comparative data on griseofulvin treatment of microsporosis caused by
      Microsporum canis with regard to certain characteristics of its pathogenesis].

PMID- 961061
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical course of secondary syphilis].

PMID- 961062
TI  - [Guar II. Feeding Trials with Animals].
AB  - Feeding trials with guarbeans or its protein- or carbohdrat-rich fractions with
      cattle, poultry and rats are briefly summarized. The protein fraction of the bean
      contains toxic substances of unknown structure. The toxic effect is diminished by
      heating. In case of addition of the carbohydrate-rich fractions of the bean in
      the feeding experiments depression of growth is observed probably in connection
      with the bad utilization of the galactomannan or the decrease of fodder
      consumption due to the expanding volume of the fodder in the gut.

PMID- 961063
TI  - [Isolation of the Derivatives from Coca-Powder Fumigated by Ethylene Oxide 1,2-14
      C and their Structure Suggested on the Basis of I. R. and Mass-Spectrometry].
AB  - In Coca-powder fumigated with Ethylene Oxide-1,2(14)C, several derivatives were
      isolated by extraction and preparative Thin Layer Chromatography. Of the two
      compounds isolated from the water-extract, the structures have been suggested as
      N,N-Bis-(Di-Ethoxy-O-Hydroxy-ethyl)-Isoleucyl-Alanyl-Cysteine (MW = 569)and N
      Ethoxy-O-Hydroxyethyl)-Tyrosine (MW = 269), based on I.R. and Mass Spectrometry.
      Their approximate concentrations were found to be 20 and 50 mg/kg respectively.

PMID- 961064
TI  - [Differentation and timeinterval for detection of tissue cells on a weapon used
      in a crime (author's transl)].
AB  - There are numerous methods of examining  the weapon used in a crime to detect
      evidence of blood or of blood-group properties. Forensic literature also contains
      references to the tracing of organic tissue. In the case against Jaccoud the two
      medical experts called upon, UNDRITZ and HEGG, found evidence of cells from
      internal organs on a knife which had possibly been used to commit the crime and
      which had been stored away for some considerable time. Practical experience has
      shown that the likelihood of finding cells on the weapon used is small; however,
      it is greater in the case of abdominal injuries than in the case of stab wounds
      in the chest. Tests carried out on corpses have revealed evidence that cells from
      the liver can adhere to a blade plunged into the organ. This happens mostly when
      a knife with a serrated or wavy edge is used. The abdominal wall has a greater
      cleaning effect on a blade than clothing does. It is of crucial importance to
      clarify the environmental conditions to which an object bearing certain traces
      has been exposed. Over a long period of time it is much easier to detect parts of
      organs if they have been subjected to swift dehydration (by the wind, for
      example). A location which is either warm or damp and humid makes identification,
      even after a few hours, no longer possible. The presence of a single tissue cell,
      especially if it should have managed to retain its structure after several
      months' dessication, can never suffice for an organic diagnosis. How many
      determining characteristics then must be traceable? And how great is the
      certainty of identification with regard to cells from other organs or to nun
      human cell structures - all of which are also subject to environmental and time
      factors? How many single tissue cells must be identified to determine
      conclusively that the cells in question came, for example from the liver?

PMID- 961065
TI  - Serum glucose, serum free fatty acids and adipose tissue lipids after fatal
      hypothermia of cold acclimatized, reserpine or propranolol treated guinea-pigs.
AB  - Surviving ability in frost (-20 degree C) was studied in cold acclimatized guinea
      pigs given either reserpine, propranolol or saline. Survival time, rectal
      temperature at death, serum glucose, serum FFA and triglycerides in the
      interscapular adipose tissue were determined. Rectal temperature was highest in
      the reserpine group, in the same animals that endured the frost the shortest
      time. The survival time had decreased by about a half of that in the controls.
      Propranolol treatment decreased the living time only slightly. The fact that
      serum glucose remained high in the reserpine treated animals was obviously
      related to the short survival time. In the propranolol group glucose values were
      somewhat higher than in the control group (saline-animals). Reserpine seemed to
      have inhibited the release of FFA in the warm-acclimatized animals as interpreted
      from the low serum values. On the other hand, FFA were rather high in the cold
      acclimatized reserpine animals. The blocking effect of reserpine reflected also
      in the higher contents of triglycerides in the adipose tissue both in cold
      acclimatized and warm-acclimatized animals. Propranolol prevented slightly the
      depletion of the triglycerides. Amount of total lipids in the adipose tissue was
      lower in the cold-acclimatized animals than in the warm-acclimatized ones because
      of the change of the type of the adipocytes from unilocular to multilocular. The
      results corroborated the importance of FFA for longer survival in severe cold.
      Sensitization to reserpine seems to develop during cold-acclimatization. It calls
      attention to a possible hazard of reserpine treatment in cold environment.

PMID- 961066
TI  - [Some new aspects in the study of human cremations (author's transl)].
AB  - Thermally induced reactions of bone mineral are outlined. The shrinkage of
      cremated bones is due to sintering of bone mineral. In an electron microscopic
      study changes of bone structure caused by thermal treatment and sintered mineral
      units are described. The problems of estimating the shrinkage factor and the use
      of cremation weight for identification and discussed. There is a significant
      difference between mean weights of cremations of senile males and females. The
      absolute difference indicates, that cremation weight is not a useful criterion
      for identification. Even in cremated bones, cuts and saw marks can be detected.

PMID- 961067
TI  - [The dangerousness of revolvers cal 4 mm, long (author's transl)].
AB  - Different models of revolvers (cal 4mm, long), which are obtainable without
      special permission in Germany, were examinated as to their dangerousness. Both
      measurements of the kinetic energy of the missiles and investigations on cadavers
      were performed. Firing of the weapon in its original state yielded kinetic
      energies of the missiles well below the legal limit of 7,5 Joule. However, even
      then, fatal injuries of lung and heart could be demonstrated (In one case the os
      temporale was penetrated). Alteration of the revolver by closing the gas pressure
      releasing channels with expoxy resin yielded an increase by 45% of the kinetic
      energy of the missiles. If, in addition, the propelling charge of the ammunition
      was augmented with some more gun powder the kinetic energy of the missiles rose
      by 220 %, while such altered ammunition alone caused an increase of 75 %. In
      every case fatal injuries on head and thorax  could be produced. Based on the
      results of this investigation proposals to amend the existing laws were made.

PMID- 961068
TI  - [About the problem of "lungs in drowning" (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to remove any misunderstanding I would like to reply to the publication
      by HEINEN und DOTZAUER as follows: The statements and conclusions of the authors
      must inevitably give rise to the impression that my detailed investigations of
      the reticular fibre texture of the drowned lung is to a large extent non-specific
      and thus of no use for an expert opinion on death by drowning. The authors, who
      base their statements on a dissertation by Mrs. HEINEN, have apparently
      overlooked the differences in aetiology between typical and atypical drowning and
      thus also have misunderstood the pathogenesis of the typical drowned lung both
      with respect to gross and fine tissue aspects. Characteristic of typical drowning
      is acute diffuse bronchostenotic emphysems of the lung.

PMID- 961069
TI  - [Alteration of textilfibres by explosion gases expelled distant from the muzzle
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper presents the reconstruction of an unusual case of suicide. After
      raiding a branch-bank a robber fled shooting with his Sauer-Western revolver
      caliber .44 magnum at the pursuing policemen and succeeded in wrestling a pistol
      Walther caliber 7,65 mm from them. Under the fire of sub-machine guns he
      destroyed himself by a shot to the neck. Our investigations concerned a textile
      damage at the front of the sweater of the deceased surrounded by primer residue,
      showing characteristics of a close-up shot. The damage was identified as effect
      of explosion gases exhausting far-off the muzzle. The distance between this
      injury and the bullet hole corresponded with the length of the barrel of the
      Sauer-Western revolver and could be used for identification; it confirmed the
      diagnosis of a close-up shot at the neck, too. Collateral experiments with shots
      from distant ranges developed spadiceous melt figures of textile fibers around
      the bullet hole, the appearance of which is considered proof for a close-up shot
      commonly.

PMID- 961070
TI  - [Concerning evidence of parathion (E 605) in an exhumed corpse after 21 months
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In a corpse exhumed after 21 months evidence of E 605 could still be found in the
      stomach and in the intestinal contents after isolation by steam distillation,
      extraction with either followed by identification with palladium chloride
      reagent, as well as by thin layer chromatographicenzymatic detection. A ccording
      to investigation and analysis, the dose of E 605 administered in the present
      murder case should have but slightly exceeded the lethal dose.

PMID- 961071
TI  - [Serology and genetics of the Duffy-system (author's transl)].
AB  - Experiences in using anti-Fy(a) and anti-Fy(b) in paternity cases are described.
      Seemingly incompatible mother-child-pairs are due to a silent allele also present
      in whites. Dosage differences are inconstant and not fit to proof a single or
      double gene dose. Because of the uncertainty of genetical background the use of
      both Fy(a) and Fy(b) in paternity cases gives no more information than does Fy(a)
      alone.

PMID- 961072
TI  - [Forensic usefulness of coronarometric studies (author's transl)].
AB  - Authors examine the forensic usefulness and scope of angiometric studies in cases
      of sudden death that are presumably caused by coronary heart disease (CHD).
      Hearts of 35 men aged between 40 and 59 years who died of CHD are studied
      angiographically, morphologically and microscopically. The control group consists
      of 34 men of the same range of age who died of unnatural causes. Following to a
      schematic model with special regard to hemodynamic aspects and the degree of the
      stenosis a stenosis score is made up for each heart and correlated on a diagram
      with the corresponding heart weight. It appears that the cases of both groups are
      different areas but are showing a certain degree of overlap. The variation within
      both groups is discussed. With regard to the CHD group it is presumed that the
      factors causing death are too variable as to be defined by the deviced methods
      exclusively. The causal role of factors other than atherosclerosis in the
      occurrence of CHD is discussed. Authors conclude that the methods examined could
      be useful in special forensic problems.

PMID- 961073
TI  - [Wounding capacity of bullets after ricochet from sand or concrete (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Investigation is made upon the ricochet of different bullets (full jacketed and
      soft nosed) from concrete or sand. The deformation resp. disintegration of the
      bullets depends on the target material, on the design of the bullet and on the
      striking velocity. The major resulting bullet fragments are classified following
      their depth of penetration into pinewood, thus giving an approximate measure of
      their danger to man. The relation between angle of impact, angle of ricochet and
      the criteria mentioned above is shown in graphs.

PMID- 961074
TI  - [The pneumothorax as complication of continuous artificial ventilation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors discuss briefly the main lesions produced during intensive therapy in
      500 patients who died under treatment in the Intensive Care Unit of Padova during
      the period Dec. 13, 1971--Sept. 9, 1974. Specifically 36 cases of pneumothorax
      induced by automatic respiration are analyzed from a clinical and pathological
      viewpoint.

PMID- 961075
TI  - [The ratio of the concentrations between the components of a two phase hypnotic
      in relation to the time of intoxication (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of poisoning with a double phase effect hypnotic were investigated in
      respect to the extent to which concentrations of short and medium acting
      barbiturates (hexobarbital, cyclobarbital) could be used for estimating the
      duration of poisoning. The analysis of brain turned out to be especially
      suitable. Increasing the duration of poisoning the ratio of the concentrations
      was shifted towards the longer acting component. Blood the liver seem to be less
      informative. The method might be used to estimate the interval between beginning
      of the poisoning and death in case of intoxication with different acting
      barbiturates.

PMID- 961076
TI  - [Deaths resulting from combined action of alcohol and drug intake (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 11 cases of rapid central death following combination of sublethal doses of
      alcohol and sedativa are presented with case-history, histology, alcohol
      concentrations and toxicological findings.

PMID- 961077
TI  - Microscopic comparison of the synovial changes in rheumatoid arthritis and
      ostroarthritis.
AB  - Whereas the histopathologic picture of the synovial membrane in rheumatoid
      arthritis varies widely and that in osteoarthritis displays a small range of
      changes, light- and transmission electron microscopic studies of synovial
      sections from both disease entities complement each other and assist reciprocally
      to corroborate the observed changes. Beyond that comparative survey of the
      ascertained histopathologic features and their correlation with clinical
      observations disclose that a study of a larger material of specimens permits with
      some limitations to infer the nature of the joint disease.

PMID- 961078
TI  - [Elevated C3-proactivator serum levels in patients with chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - The C3-Proactivator (C3-PA) and the C3 and C4 complements were determined by
      radio-immuno diffusion in the serum of 72 patients with definite or classical
      rheumatoid arthritis, 51 patients with osteoarthrosis and 42 healthy subjects. C3
      PA and C4 levles were significantly higher in the serum of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis than in the control group (C3-PA in 72%, C4 in 37% of the RA
      patients). There was also a significant difference between seropositive und
      seronegative cases. Elevation of both components was more frequently found in
      patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis than in the seropositive cases.
      However, the C3-PA serum level is not correlated with the ESR. Also an elevation
      of  the C3-PA serum level is not specific for rheumatoid arthritis, it is also
      found in other inflammatory diseases as well as after surgery.

PMID- 961079
TI  - [The value of synovial biopsies in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and in
      estimating local inflammatory activity].
AB  - Fifty surgically removed synivial membranes from large joints of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis were examined histologically from 10 different areas. The
      diagnostic reliability and the histologically graded basic and actual activity
      were estimated. All 3 parameters differed considerably within the individual
      synovial membrane. To assess the diagnostic value of synovial needle biopsies the
      results were compared with those of simulated biopsy cylinders. The morphological
      results gained from the biopsy cylinders were much poorer, showing that needle
      biopsies are limited diagnostic value.

PMID- 961080
TI  - [Variability of the clinical picture and the classification of progressive
      systemic scleroderma].
AB  - Fiftythree patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were studied. Four of
      them (3 males) had the diffuse form of the disease. The skin manifestation of
      this clinical picture is characterized by diffuse progression of the cutaneous
      sclerosis over almost the whole body surface, except for the hands where it
      eventually may appear late. The prognosis for these patients it especially poor.
      Fortyfive patients (44 females) had acrosclerosis in the widest sence.
      Twentyseven of these ("acrosclerosis stricto sensu") had cutaneous sclerosis of
      the hands, face, and often other parts of the body, but not on the abdomen, arms
      or thighs. The remaining 18 patients had sclerotic alterations on these surfaces
      also. In this syndrome (which the authors call "the intermediary syndrome"), i.e.
      where the abdomen, arms, and thighs also are affected, certain internal organs
      and the joints are more involved than in "acrosclerosis stricto sensu". With rare
      exceptions, a symptomatic tetrade (REST-syndrome) occurred in acrosclerosis and
      all the intermediary syndromes. This consisted of Raynaud's syndrome (R),
      esophagopathy (E), cutaneous sclerosis (S), and telangectasia (T). Fifty % of the
      patients in addition had calcinosis (C), either subcutaneous or para-articular.
      The tetrade "REST syndrome" becomes in these cases the pentade "CREST syndrome".
      The addition of calcinosis to the other four phenomena of the REST syndrome does
      not alter the frequency of internal organ involvement or the prognosis of the
      disease. The term "REST syndrome" and its variant "CREST syndrome" should replace
      the conservative term "acrosclerosis" because they add to the purely cutaneous
      phenomena other characteristic manifestations of the disease. Two patients could
      neither be classified under the REST syndrome nor the progressive diffuse
      syndromes. Two other patients had no cutaneous phenomena ("scleroderma sine
      scleroderma").

PMID- 961081
TI  - [Morphologic studies on rats with adjuvant disease of long duration].
AB  - Morphological studies were performed on Wistar-AF/Han-EMD-SPF-rats with adjuvant
      disease of 3 tp 14 months duration. Synovitis was observed in the noninjected paw
      up to the 6th month. While in the central bones resorption and new bone formation
      had ceased about the 7th month, periostal bone resorption proceeded until the
      14the month. Morphological end results of the longlasting disease were pannus
      formation and fibrous ankylosis of the joints and severe sclerosis of the
      affected bones. Amyloid deposits were never observed.

PMID- 961082
TI  - [Model experiment for the study of digestion and resorption kinetics of oat
      proteins grown on varying fertilization levels and synthetic lysine in pigs. I.
      Methods and results of the analysis of gastrointestinal contents].

PMID- 961083
TI  - Growth rate and urinary nitrogen as indicators of dietary protein quality in
      short term experiments with rats.

PMID- 961084
TI  - [The nutritional value of barley for fattening pigs. 4. The effect of differences
      in protein content due to N fertilization levels and estimation of the protein
      level].

PMID- 961085
TI  - [Comparison of free amino acids in human and animal blood serum. III. Man, cat,
      cattle and horse].

PMID- 961086
TI  - [Nutritional value of proteins in radiation sterilized fish meal].

PMID- 961087
TI  - Bacterial activity in the hind-gut of pigs 1. Its influence on the apparent
      digestibility of dietary energy and fat.

PMID- 961088
TI  - Bacterial activity in the hind-gut of pigs 2. Its influence on the apparent
      digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids.

PMID- 961089
TI  - [Influence of choline on antibody formation and phagocytosis in rats].

PMID- 961090
TI  - [Studies in sheep on the secretion and absorption of salivary phosphorus].

PMID- 961091
TI  - [Dealing with time in psychoanalysis].
AB  - Psychoanalysis offers two alternatives: Timelessness as well as the division of
      time into individual sessions. Experience of analytical time by the patient is
      being demonstrated by examples from analytical practice in such a manner that
      from it the phase of development of anal-narcissistic problems can be deferred as
      the dominating one. The discussion of analytical literature arrives at the same
      result. In digesting the considerations of H. Kobut on narcissism the problem of
      the limit, in particular of the asolute limit of death is being described as
      basic threat to narcissism. The attempt is made to defer the evolutionary
      conditions of some mechanisms of defense against the conception of death from the
      anal-narcissistic context.

PMID- 961092
TI  - [Model of a course of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy].
AB  - In 1970 new directions for the training of medical students in Germany have been
      issued. They include for the first time several compulsory lectures and courses
      on psychological-medicine, which covers: psychosomatic medicine, psychotherapy,
      psychoanalysis and medical psychology. Our paper puts to dicussion a new teaching
      model for psychological medicine that proved to be useful and effective many
      terms. The standards for our "practical course in psychosomatic medicine and
      psychotherapy" have been derived from the post-graduate training courses for
      psychoanalysis as offered in Germany for the last 25 years by the two
      psychoanalytical societies of the DGPPT (German Society for Psychotherapy,
      Psychosomatic Medicine and Deep Psychology).

PMID- 961093
TI  - [2 criteria for making differential diagnosis between primarily psychogenic and
      primarily organic body symptomatology easier].
AB  - Attation has been drawn to two criteria, which have been found to be helpful in
      the differentialdiagnosis between primary psychogenic and primary organic
      symptoms. 1. Psychogenesis is doubtful in cooperative patients from whom an
      initiating conflict-situation cannot be evaluated, if the time of onset does not
      relate to onset of symptoms, even if the pattern of symptoms seem to correlate
      with the structure of personality. 2. If a patient is too readily convinced of an
      exclusively mental source of his problems, one has to be aware of to deal with
      mechanisms called "inhibition of bodily threat" or "inhibition of death". These
      states of mental inhibition may also serve to demonstrate feelings of revenge
      against the respective individual.

PMID- 961094
TI  - [Psychodynamics of psychovegetative disorders].
AB  - Based on quotations from Freuds writings on the actual neurosis and quotations
      from Schultz-Henckes writings on neurasthenia and nervousness, the psychodynamics
      of psychovegetative disturbances are demonstrated through an examplatory case. In
      a first attempt the symptoms are categorized, a classification is proposed, and
      the differential diagnosis is reflected. Next a report is given about the special
      defence-mechanism known as repression, the highly strained ego-ideal, and the
      importance of the triggering situation in relation to the etiology. Psychodynamic
      hypothese about psychovegetative disturbances are supported through therapeutic
      experiences.

PMID- 961095
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa - thoughts on psychogenesis and psychotherapy].
AB  - In this work I tried to classify Anorexia nervosa into two groups, the central
      group and the reactive group. The central group contains four different
      subgroups, the immature, the schizoid, the hysterical and the compulsive type. In
      the first two subgroups the lack of appetite appears primarily at the onset of
      the disease, and the fear of growing up plays an important role. In the latter
      two subgroups the lack of appetite comes later on the basis of a conscious or
      subconscious suppression of the appetite; here prevails a wish to be slender and
      the disturbance of the aesthetic value orientation. The basis of this syndrome
      lies in the interpersonal constellation in the family during the childhood. In
      tests and interviews of the parents of 20 patients was proved, that the fathers
      have weak and immature character structures, show little interest in the family,
      they are hypochondriacl, undecisive and not self-confident. On the contrary the
      mothers are more normative and they endeavour to accept or compensate some parts
      of the father-role. In the course of these excessive efforts they lose their
      motherhood and become secondarily dominating grumbling persons. By the lack of
      the normal father-daugher-relationship, the maturation of sexuality and feminity
      is disturbed. The method of psychotherapy of those ambivalent, unmotivated
      patients with ego-splitting is different from that of other neuroses in many
      points, such as activity, flexibility and educational control on the part of the
      therapist instead of the psychoanalytic neutrality. In such cases therapists
      should not be reluctant to act as an object of identification for these patients.

PMID- 961096
TI  - [Remarks on the physician-patient relationship with cancer patients.
      Prerequisites, function, and goal of so-called Balint groups in an internal
      oncological department].
AB  - Drawing on their experience with their own cancer patients and with the Balint
      Group in the Oncological Department of Zurich's University Hospital, the authors
      describe the special problems arising in the doctor-patient relationship in this
      field. They show how the diagnosis of cancer can give rise to a feeling of sudden
      and complete object loss in the patient, thereby confronting the doctor with his
      own fear of death. The mobilization of archaic defence mechanisms in both the
      doctor and the patients can lead to an insoluble double-blind situation unless
      the doctor is able to give up his defence position and thus make it possible for
      the patient to give up his own fear of death and to accept the nature of his
      illness. The authors show how the doctor can break through the isolation of the
      patient in whose body-ego an archaic bad inner-object has been activated by the
      cancer, and build up good inner objects for him again. In the last chapter
      Winnicott's idea the "intermediate area" is shown to shed a new light on the
      phenomenon of redenial or belief in immortality.

PMID- 961097
TI  - [Principles and results of the treatment of a bladder carcinoma with special
      emphasis on combined therapy].

PMID- 961098
TI  - [Glandular metaplasia (cystitis glandularis) of the bladder with an intestinal
      mucosal process. A precancerous condition?].

PMID- 961099
TI  - [The diagnostic value of serial pelvic phlebography in malignant bladder
      neoplasms].

PMID- 961100
TI  - [Stenosing of both ureters due to an appendix carcinoma].

PMID- 961101
TI  - [Contribution to the early diagnosis of urachus carcinoma].

PMID- 961102
TI  - [Clinical studies on tumor immunity during cryosurgery in urology].

PMID- 961103
TI  - [Angiography of hypernephroid kidney carcinoma by means of corrosion technic].

PMID- 961104
TI  - [Cavography in surgical indications in malignant kidney tumors].

PMID- 961105
TI  - [The testicular endodermal sinus tumor in the adult].

PMID- 961106
TI  - [Results of analyses of 10,000 urinary calculi using electronic data processing
      methods].

PMID- 961107
TI  - [The fibrinpyelolithotomy. A contribution to multiple kidney calculi].

PMID- 961108
TI  - [Experiences with our accelerated method for the dissolution of uric acid
      calculi].

PMID- 961109
TI  - [Monstrous prostatic calculus and a diagnostic error with important
      consequences].

PMID- 961110
TI  - [Aspermia due to developmental abnormalities].

PMID- 961111
TI  - [Myasis of the urogenital tract].

PMID- 961112
TI  - [Peritoneal flap method for the treatment of vesicovaginal defects].

PMID- 961113
TI  - [Cost of dialysis].

PMID- 961114
TI  - [Disorders of tubular function in chronic glomerulonephritis associated with the
      nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 961115
TI  - [Mechanocardiographic and spirographic studies in regularly hemodialized
      patients].

PMID- 961116
TI  - [Pediatric nephro-urologic care in the dispensary consulting hour].

PMID- 961117
TI  - Hyperthrophyic behavior of the solitary kidney following nephrectomy of the
      partner organ under the conditions of the so-called ascending acute experimental
      pyelonephritis in animal experiment.

PMID- 961118
TI  - [Unspecific spinal osteomyelitis as a result of urinary tract infections].

PMID- 961119
TI  - [Aldosteronism].

PMID- 961120
TI  - ["Counting" experiments with ravens using "matching-from-sample" methods. A
      contribution on problem-solving behavior in higher aniMALS].
AB  - The research goal is divided into two parts: 1. Detailed analysis of behavior in
      selection in a 6-choice matching-from-sample task. 2. Discussion of all observed
      preferences on the basis of the models of Sutherland and Mackintosh and of
      Miller, Galanter and Pribram. The experiments were run with 4 one-year-old ravens
      (Corvus corax); two of them were probably 2 males. The design is similar to
      Koehler's. In the task the correct responses were equally distributed between all
      stimuli and positions (random system). Although the task ("counting") was
      learned, a lot of relevant preferences for stimuli, positions, patterns etc. show
      that problem-solving in higher animals can be very complex. It could be shown
      that only a detailed analysis may clarify animal learning processes.

PMID- 961121
TI  - Vocal communication in the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus.
AB  - The communication sounds of the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus, wre studied in
      the laboratory. Adult pallid bats communicate via four main types of sound
      emissions: directives, squabble notes, irritation buzzes, and FM orientation
      pulses. Newborn bats emit only isolation calls. These calls evolve into the adult
      directive by the twentieth day. Ultrasonic orientation pulses do not appear until
      7--9 days postnatally. These appear to arise de novo or may be derived from a
      shortened isolation call. Irritation buzzes and squabble notees are first emitted
      at one and two weeks of age respectively, without an apparent precursor. Mother
      bats nurse only their own infants and recognize them on the basis of auditory and
      olfactory cues. An apparent vocal signature is present in the temporal patterning
      of frequencies in the isolation call, and this may function in individual
      recognition.

PMID- 961122
TI  - Guinea-pig vocalizations: their structure, causation and function.
AB  - A colony of approximately 150 adult and infant guinea-pigs was studied in order
      to investigate the structure, causation and function of guinea-pig vocalizations.
      Behaviour and sound recording were made in a wide variety of contexts and sounds
      were analysed on the Kay Electric Sonagraph 6061 B. Sonagrams were measured, and
      on the basis of physical structure alone, 11 call types were distinguished.
      Behavioural records were examined and it was suggested that 5 functional
      categories existed. The significance of vocal communication in guinea-pig social
      behaviour was discussed.

PMID- 961123
TI  - [Ethology of the Mediterranean blenny Blennius rouxi Cocco 1833].
AB  - The Mediterranean blenny Blennius rouxi has been studied mainly in the Banyuls
      sur-Mer region. Data on its behaviour have been obtained by skin diving, SCUBA
      diving and observations in captivity. At Banyuls-sur-Mer Blennius rouxi lives at
      a depth of 1 to 42m. As an exception among Mediterranean blennies, Bl. rouxi
      feeds by grazing off the substrate. Algae, sponges and polychaetes (Sedentaria)
      are the main components of its food (HEYMER and ZANDER, in press). We could not
      confirm that the colouration, a white body with a conspicuous dark horizontal
      band, can be regarded as a signal of cleaning activity in statu nascendi. The
      male male have a spatial territory in which they occupy haptic holes. The female
      female lead a vagabond life and actively join the male male in their territories
      during the breeding season. Head nodding is an agonistic behaviour against other
      female female and has an attractive significance for spawning-motivated female
      female. The male male threaten with a widely opened mouth (threat yawning). Our
      data and observations on the ethology of Bl. rouxi are discussed and compared
      with those known of Bl. sphinx, Bl. incognitus, and Bl. zvonimiri, its nearest
      relatives.

PMID- 961124
TI  - Vocalizations of male Euplectes in captivity.
AB  - The dramatic visual displays of the Euplectes- male male have led to their
      vocalizations being neglected. 6 male male of Euplectes franciscanus and E.
      after, and 2 E. hordeaceus- male male were kept in aviaries in sound-proof rooms,
      where vocalizations were recorded during observations of their behaviour, and
      later analysed on a sound spectrograph. The calls described and illustrated do
      not represent the complete repertoire of these species. However, the distinctive
      songs of E. after and E. franciscanus indicate that detailed field studies of
      vocalization in this genus are required.

PMID- 961125
TI  - Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows.
AB  - Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance
      hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland
      ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle
      of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of
      food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but
      had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly
      important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly
      related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations.

PMID- 961126
TI  - [Tumour frequency in autopsy cases. VI. Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)].
AB  - The analysis is based on the catalogue of neoplasms notifiable in the German
      Democratic Republic (ICD-Code Nrs. 140-209, 210.2, 211.3, 211.9, 225, 226.2,
      226.3, 253.0, 253.2, 702, 757.2). At the Medical Academy of Erfurt 22155
      autopsies (12212 males, 9943 females) of adults (15 years and upwards) were
      registrated in the period from 1950 to 1966. 128 cases of Hodgkin's disease (0.6%
      of autopsies and 1.7% of malignant tumours) were observed among them. The cases
      are distributed among 80 males (0.7% of males) and 48 females (0.5% of females).
      There is no difference in frequency. Age and sex distribution, frequency and
      localization of lymph node and organ involvement are presented.

PMID- 961127
TI  - [The pathomorphology of the arteria primitiva trigemina, together with some
      critical comments on the pathomorphology of its adjacent structures and the
      morphological cerebral complications (author's transl)].
AB  - In the light of six self-reported observations an account is given on the
      pathomorphology and pathohistology of the arteria primitiva trigemina including
      morphological changes of neighbouring organs and tissue structures as well as of
      the brain which are directly casused by the anastomosis. Furthermore, our own
      findings and those described in the pertinent literature are compared. In three
      of our own cases considerable calcification of the intima and media of the
      persistent artery have been demonstrated histologically, On the other hand only a
      slight involvement of the blood vessel from which it originates and of that one
      into which it flows as well as of the other arteries of the base of the brain has
      been observed. This suggests to be the result of special flow and pressure
      relationships of the blood, and interpreted as locus minoris resistentiae. The
      discrepancy between the frequency of the neuroradiological demonstration and the
      clinico-neuropathophysiological importance of the anastomosis, on the one hand,
      and the obtaining of neuropathological autopsy findings, on the other, has been
      pointed out.

PMID- 961128
TI  - [Distribution of the chorionic vessels of the human placenta and their
      arteriovenous crossings (author's transl)].
AB  - We examined 100 selected placentas concerning architecture and distribution of
      the vessels of the chorionic plate. The eccentric insertion of the umbilical cord
      as well as the mixed type of distribution of the chorial arteries and equal areas
      of arterial blood supply were found to be most frequent. In no case the
      anastomosis of Hyrtl was absent. A marginal and a very eccentric cord were more
      frequent in combination with a mixed and magistral type of distribution of the
      vessels that the lesser eccentric and the central type of insertion. There was no
      significant correlation between insertion of the cord and the infants' birth
      weight. Arteries pass over the veins when they cross. Serial sections of 15
      crossing vessels have been examined, one specimen was reconstructed graphically.
      When crossed by major arteries the veins bypass below whereas small arterial
      branches override larger veins not affecting their course. The cross-like vessels
      are wrapped up in connective tissue and anchored to the chorion plate. There are
      equivalents in the morphology of the vessels of the chorion and the retina. Both
      vessel systems are embedded in hollow bodies exposed to an inner pressure,
      however, sharing a common media, the crossing artery and vein of the retina
      represent a more intense anatomical unity. The connective mesenchymal frame of
      the crossing vessels of the choroin plate, the thickened arterial wall-segments
      and the venous wall-sectors let functional valves suspect as is known from other
      areas of blood supply.

PMID- 961129
TI  - [Comparative morphometric investigations for the determination of the degree of
      stenosis of the femora artery (author's transl)].
AB  - Planimetry, point-counting-technique and gravimetry were tested for their
      suitability for determining the degree of stenosis on the same material, the
      arteria femoralis dextra out of 103 unselected obduction cases. Pilot studies on
      the circle showed the planimetric method to be most accurate. On transverse
      sections of the femoral arteries the results of the point-counting-technique
      deviate significantly stronger from the planimetric test results in comparison
      with those of the gravimtric method. The point-counting-technique shows the
      smallest, the gravimetric method the highest time expenditure. Attention is drawn
      to the necessity of taking into account the plane of the intact intima when
      determining the degree of stenosis. Also in the case of high-grade stenoses there
      are frequently no clinically conspicous disturbances of the blood flow.

PMID- 961130
TI  - [The evaluation of classical morphologic patterns in allergic conditions
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The main classical morphologic features of the allergic diseases comprise
      fibrinoid necrosis, tissue eosinophilia, vasculitis, capsulitis and trabeculitis
      in the spleen (exceptionally also in the lymph nodes) and histiocytic
      granulomatous reaction. The greatest diagnostic value is attributed to capsulitis
      and trabeculitis in the spleen and further to vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis.
      The other morphologic changes, i.e. tissue eosinophilia and histiocytic granuloma
      are, from the point of view of differential diagnosis, of minor value. The
      allergic histiocytic reaction in the lymphnodes seldom exhibits a pseudotumorous
      pattern.

PMID- 961131
TI  - [Coronary atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction in
      autopsy cases. 1st communication: Preliminary investigations: atherosclerosis of
      the aorta and the large arteries (author's transl)].
AB  - 28978 autopsy reports of young (after the 14th year of age) and adult patients
      autopsied during the period from 1.1 1951 until 31. 12 1969 were scored for
      atherosclerotic changes of the aorta and the large arteries. The informations
      were transferred to punched cards and processed with electronic data equipment.
      The methods of the statistical evaluation are described. 52.96 per cent of the
      cases revealed an aortic atherosclerosis. 17.96 per cent showed an
      atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries, 31.16 per cent of the cases had
      atherosclerotic changes of the kidneys. All groups of diseases showed an increase
      during the observation period. No sex differences were detected.

PMID- 961132
TI  - [Significance and problems of the MAK-values].

PMID- 961133
TI  - [Thermic characteristics of selected flying dusts and composition of their tar
      substances].

PMID- 961134
TI  - [Practical questions on the execution of the work safety law. Catalogue of the
      activities of the safety engineers].

PMID- 961135
TI  - [Demands on the laboratory of the industrial medicine physician].

PMID- 961136
TI  - [Safety measures of working sites].

PMID- 961137
TI  - [Field studies in solvent factories. 5. Brain-electric correlations of
      trichloroethylene effects in telemetric electroencephalography].

PMID- 961138
TI  - [CO-content in the blood of furnace-battery workers in a modern coking plant.
      Simultaneously a contribution to the problem of CO-load due to tobacco smoking].

PMID- 961139
TI  - [Composition of the soluble fractious of lung-specific and lung nonspecific parts
      of airborn dust from bituminous coal tar].

PMID- 961140
TI  - [Age-adequate employment].

PMID- 961141
TI  - [Uniform technical safety regulation in the European Community].

PMID- 961142
TI  - [Clinical experiences with the acute normovalemic hemodilution (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Acute normavolemic hemodilution is a mean of autotransfusion and allow hepatitis
      prophylaxis in major surgical procedures which general require homologous blood
      transfusions. The dilutional drop in blood viscosity is followed by an increased
      cardiac output, while blood pressure and heart rate remain stable. The CO
      incerase compensates for the reduced oxygen capacity of the diluted blood.
      Hemodilution was applied in a total of 88 patients. In 46 cases thorough
      circulatory and laboratory investigations were performed. While an average of
      1785 ml blood was withdrawn and replaced synchronically by plasma substitutes,
      hematocrit was lowered to 24.8% mean and CO rose from 4.4 to 6.01 l/min. In one
      half of the patients side reactions were observed that occurred in combination as
      a syndrome in 8 patients: rise in systemic blood pressure and pulmonary artery
      pressure, disproportional CO increase, peripheral vasoconstriction, and ST
      depression in ECG. The possible pathomechanisms of these side reactions are
      discussed. A sympathetic adrenergic reaction could be excluded by catecholamine
      estimation. Hyposia may be assumed to be the more probable reason. Since severe
      side reactions only occured at hematocrit levels below 26%, the dilution
      waslimited lately to hct 27%. Patients with coronary heart disease, age greater
      than 70 years, and anemia less than 12 g% hgb were excepted. In 70% of major
      surgical procedures, e.g. colonic surgery, homologous blood becomes necessary, in
      50% in the amount of 2-4 units. The corresponding blood loss of 1000-2000 ml may
      be compensated by acute normovolemic hemodilution and autotransfusion. In fact,
      only 15% of our patients required homologous blood transfusions.

PMID- 961143
TI  - [Experiences with acute moderate controlled hemodilution (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors present an own method of hemodilution and experiences gained from 10
      patients operated for chronic gastric or duodenal ulcer. The therapuetic results
      of the method show that it can be applied easely and safely in everyday surgical
      practice. In the patients treated with it no surgical and anaesthesiological
      complications could be observed during the operations as well as after them. The
      autors believe that the method of hemodilution for planned surgical operations
      will contribute to a more economical use of blood transfusions and to reduction
      in the occurrence of virus hepatitis.

PMID- 961144
TI  - [Avoidance of blood transfusion by acute normovolemic hemodilution (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors report on 52 cases of acute normovolemic hemodilution carried out in
      the course of surgical operations planned in advance in the period from February
      to September, 1975. In this connection questions of method, indication and contro
      indication as well as juridical and economic aspects are dealt with discussion.
      The advantages of acute normavolemic hemodilution by transfusing the patient's
      own blood taken from him some days before the operation are particularly
      stressed.

PMID- 961145
TI  - [Bacteroides infection in surgical patients (author's transl)].
AB  - More than 80 cases of bacteroides infections are reported. 54 cases of these
      infections were postoperative complications. Relationships between bacteroides
      infection and diseases of the colon are significant. Not very impressive local
      symptoms made the diagnoses of abscesses difficult. In most cases bacteroides are
      susceptible to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Patients develop agglutinable
      antibodies after bacteroides infection.

PMID- 961146
TI  - [Is there any decline in the frequency of perforative appendicitis? (AUTHOR'S
      TRANSL)].
AB  - The authors are concluding the letality of appendicitis displays a steadily
      declining tendency. The rate of perforations observed at their institution
      corresponds to the average in international surgical literature. They found that
      letality statistics of appendicitis improved considerably during the last
      century, whilst perforation percentage has remained practically the same, though
      the conditions in public health care and possibilities of hospitalization have
      considerably improved. They expect the number of perforations to decline by
      establishing the diagnosis even more consistently stage and by performing
      operations at an early stage, as well.

PMID- 961147
TI  - [Congenital duplication of the appendex (author's transl)].

PMID- 961148
TI  - [Synchronous occurence of colonic carcinoid and carcinoma].

PMID- 961149
TI  - [Spinal osteomyelitis after lumbar sympathetic trunk blockade].

PMID- 961150
TI  - [Combined suction and irrigation tube].

PMID- 961151
TI  - [Pathology of large-intestine diseases].

PMID- 961152
TI  - [Epidemiology of cancer, diverticulosis and ulcerative inflammation of the
      colon].

PMID- 961153
TI  - [25 years of surgery of large-intestine carcinoma at the Robert-Rossle-Clinic].

PMID- 961154
TI  - [Performance figures in the treatment of colonic and rectal carcinoma under
      selection-free conditions].

PMID- 961155
TI  - [Colitis].

PMID- 961156
TI  - [Proctocolectomy with preservation of continence in unspecific inflammatory
      diseases of the large intestine (long-term results)].

PMID- 961157
TI  - [Yersinia enterocolitica in acute appendicitis, lymphadenitis mesenterialis and
      regional enteritis (author's transl)].
AB  - In 895 patients operated on for acute appendicitis we found Yersinia
      enterocolitica in 41 cases. Another two cases were detected in postoperative
      serological examinations. Lymphadenitis mesenterialis was present in 17 cases
      during operation. Once we detected a regional enteritis. Histological examination
      of the appendix revealed a purulent inflammation in 21 cases and a phlegmonous
      gangrenous inflammation in 4 cases. The other 18 patients suffered from
      Oxyuriasis, coprostasis or scars of the appendix. For this reason it is
      impossible to exclude an acute appendicitis in patients with cultural or
      serological identification of Yersinia enterocolitica.

PMID- 961158
TI  - [Microangiographic studies on the behavior of the terminal pulmonary circulation
      under effects of shock].

PMID- 961159
TI  - [Complications of thrombolysis-therapy].

PMID- 961160
TI  - [Problems of the vena-cava catheter].

PMID- 961161
TI  - [Inborn defects of the anterior upper mediastinum].

PMID- 961162
TI  - [Evaluation of the body damages following thoracic injuries].

PMID- 961163
TI  - [Influence of abortions and interruptions of pregnancies on subsequent
      deliveries. I. Course of pregnancy].
AB  - About complications in delivered pregnancies after spontaneous abortions and
      after interruptions was reported. Altogether the pregnancies of 782 I-parae and
      452 II-parae were analysed. Especially we must expect bleeding in pregnancy after
      interruption. Farther on the cervical insufficiency appears more frequently.

PMID- 961164
TI  - [Influence of abortions and interruptions of pregnancies on subsequent
      deliveries. II. Course of labor].
AB  - In continuation of information about complications in pregnancy the complications
      of first and second stage of labour were analysed. Preceded abortions and
      interruptions do not influence the duration of first both stages. Against that we
      found an increase of rupture of amniotic membrane and laceration of cervix in
      birth after interruption. The frequency of premature birth is extraordinary
      increases at I-parae (21%) and II-parae (15%) after interruption. The Apgar-score
      showed lower values. The causes of these complications were discussed.

PMID- 961165
TI  - [Influence of abortions and interruptions of pregnancies on subsequent
      deliveries. III. After-labor-period and puerperium].
AB  - In the third stage of labour we must expect an increase of blood lost and
      placental retentions after preceded interruption. An accumulation of manual
      detaching of placenta we ascertained for preceded abortion only. In the childbed
      we found an certained increase of disturbances in uterine involution. We think,
      that some consequences for medical care in pregnancies, following abortion and
      interruption, are very important.

PMID- 961166
TI  - [Hormonal contraception--throboembolism and surgical risk].
AB  - Epidemiological, coagulational, haemodynamical, and morphological studies are
      critically analysed in this review. Our attitude about the surgical operation
      risk under hormonal contraceptives is explained. In smaller operative measures
      there musn't be a break in hormonal contraception. Planned greater operations are
      to performe only 4 to 6 weeks after cessation of hormonal contraceptives, i.e.,
      after the first spontaneous menstrual bleeding. Hints for the necessity greater
      operations without a removal after pill or an additional risk factors are given.

PMID- 961167
TI  - [Changes in ligated blood-vessel stumps during abdominal hysterectomy including
      the removal of the adnexa uteri].
AB  - Histological changes of ligated blood vessels were studied on 30 women of 41 to
      57 years who had been selected according to certain criteria. For this purpose we
      usually resected the ligg. suspensoria ovarii, parts of the mesosalpinx, lig.
      latum and rotundum, the vasa uterina, segments of the basale parametrium the
      plexus vesico-vaginalis and others after 15 to 25 minutes. The abdominal
      hysterectomy was in most cases indicated due to uterus myomatosus. The
      histological examinations showed that, in spite of the ligation of the vessels
      the organism protects itself by forming a closing thrombus preventing a
      hemorrhage threatening life as well as a secondary hemorrhage at a later stage
      due to demarcation of the distal stump end. The occlusion consist of merged
      thrombocytes, coagulated fibrin and other blood elements; the lesion of the
      endothelial cells isvery important. Proximal, to the centre, the intravasal
      mutations decrease rapidly, the lumen is in most of the cases empty. Only in 16%
      of the lumina of arteries or arterioles and in 20% of the veins there were no
      hemostatic plugs found. The problem of hemostasis during the gynecological
      operation is only being touched upon, possible complications due to circulation
      and perfusion lesions are mentioned. A pathological extent of the coagulation in
      small pelvis is likely to be the reason for an embolism.

PMID- 961168
TI  - [Morphological problems of chronic placental insufficiency].
AB  - The possible causes of chronic placental insufficiency you can subdivide in
      maternal, maternal-uterine, placental and, fetale factors. Among the maternal
      uterine factors are morphological changes of the myometrial and decidual spiral
      arteries evident in respect of the uteroplacental exchange function. Further are
      commented intensively the placental factors of fetal malnutrition. There we will
      put in the front the disturbances of implantation, of circulation in the maternal
      and fetal system and of placentation (maturation). We demonstrate two
      possibilities of quantification in chronic placental insufficiency. That are
      measures of the uteroplacental contact area as well as the estimation of
      placental basal membrane thickness. We mean, by both the methods important
      references for the existence of a chronic placental insufficiency can be given.

PMID- 961169
TI  - [Histological changes on the wound- and ablatic-areas of the placenta in uterus
      during the after-labor period].
AB  - 30 women were examined to determine the postpartal hemostasis during a section
      caesarea. Immediately after the ablatio of the placenta the wound is covered with
      tightly adhering blood clots containing a large amount of fibrin. The fibrin have
      mostly a lamellar structure, there are mainly erythrocytes incorporated. Fibrin
      can also be found in the neighbourhood of rare aggregates of bloodplatelets and
      the plugs. Thus the decidua is being covered in varying degrees of intensity, the
      lumens of the blood vessels are invisible. The obstruction of the vessels contain
      large amounts of fibrin, platelet thrombi and, in places, erythrocytes, which
      indicate a mixed form of thrombi. The intravescular thrombi continuously changes
      into extravascular coagulation process. Residual decidua and trophoblast cells
      are also involved in the obturation. There are also other changes of blood
      vessels evident, such as constrictions, deformations, deposits of fibrin on the
      walls and parietal thrombi. The role of the fibrin on hemostasis is an important
      one, whereas the importance of the platelets is rather small. After 5 to 15
      minutes there is still more fibrin available which supports the hardness increase
      and stabilization of hemostasis. The mutations are limited to the bed of the
      placenta and do not go deep, as deep as the wall of the uterus, where the vessels
      are usually bloodless and narrow. The hemostasis itself is being induced by the
      separation of the placenta which happens simultaneously with the activities of
      the muscular system.

PMID- 961170
TI  - [Chorionic epithelium in the resorption-villi of placentas of hypotrophic term
      born infants. Morphology in chronic placental insufficiency].
AB  - The chorionic epithel of 61 placentas of hypotrophic term-born (small for date)
      with or without the sign of dysmaturity will be compared with the chorionic
      epithel of 25 placentas of eutrophic term-borns after clinical and anamnestic
      normal pregnancy or enzym-incubated Cryostat- and semi-thin-slides. Different
      degrees of predegenerative plasmoditrophoblast by proliferation or persistence
      high differentiated and degenerated Langhanscells are signs of disturbed
      regeneration processes in chorionic epithel by chronical fetal malnutrition. This
      functional- morphological disturbance of villous trophoblast low-weighted
      newborns will be evaluated as a morphological correlat by chronical insufficiency
      of placenta. The possible connections with functional capacity of chorionic
      epithel will be discussed.

PMID- 961171
TI  - [Pregnancy in adolescents].
AB  - The course of pregnancy to patients aged 16 and under during 1957 to 1961 and
      1967 to 1973 is reported. There is an increasing number of pregnancies in these
      groups of adolescent girls. The frequency of delivery has not changed but the
      number of abortion has become more important. This fact and the complication by a
      substantially higher frequency of gestosis and by a tendency to premature
      delivery causes the pregnancy in young girls as a high risk pregnancy which needs
      intensive care.

PMID- 961172
TI  - [Prevention with antibiotics in cesarean section].
AB  - The investigation of 222 patients with caesarean section showed an increasing
      bacterial invasion of the amniotic fluid, when in the patients preoperative was
      found: - clear or green colored (meconic) amniotic fluid and intact membranes, -
      clear amniotic fluid with ruptured membranes and - green-colored (meconic)
      amniotic fluid and ruptured membranes. In support to some conceptions from the
      literature a perioperative prophylaxis with antibiotics is recommended in the
      groups, which are potentially endangered postoperatively.

PMID- 961173
TI  - [Organization of prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects].
AB  - The prenatal detection of genetic defects can make concrete predictions on
      definite diseases that are to be expected. In the indication catalogue of the
      prenatal diagnosis from the amniotic fluid the chromosomal anomalies are
      predominant. The basis and the potential consequences of the prenatal diagnosis
      are surgical treatments and highly differentiated methods which may have
      consequences on the fetus and on the pregnant woman. Therefore the structure of a
      prenatal diagnostics centre must to a great extent observe the "Nihil nocere".
      The most important functions in the prenatal diagnostics are incumbent on the
      surgical gynaecologist. His duties are the indication and the carrying-out of the
      surgical treatments and measures for the prenatal diagnostics under consideration
      of the risks existing. The gynaecologist has either further to care for the
      pregnancy as a risk pregnancy or at corresponding indication to interrupt it even
      after the 12th week of pregnancy. On these grounds it is recommended to build up
      a prenatal diagnostic centre in a gynaecological hospital.

PMID- 961174
TI  - [Behavior of urinary estriol level before normal labor].
AB  - The levels of oestriol in urine of 30 healthy pregnant women in the last 22 to 25
      days of pregnancy were determined and the statistical analysis was performed. It
      was found that the levels of oestriol in urine were the highest in 19-th and 9-th
      days before labour. This form of curve of oestriol levels was found to be
      characteristic for pregnant women before normal labour.

PMID- 961175
TI  - [Level of estriol in the amniotic fluid before labor].
AB  - The level of oestriol in amniotic fluid was estimated in 17 women in pregnancy
      and in labour. The correlation between level of oestriol and the time of labour
      was found. However no influence of foetal sex and weight on the level of oestriol
      was observed. There was also no correlation between the level of oestriol and
      placenta weight and the type of employment of these women.

PMID- 961176
TI  - The lecithin/spingomyelin quotient as determined using  a modified method and
      human placental lactogen in the amniotic fluid.
AB  - Thirty amniotic fluid samples in late gestational age were analysed for HPL
      values and the L/S-ratio. The pregnant women used in this study were healthy
      except three patients who developed a rh-incompatibility. The amniotic fluid was
      only obtained by abdominal amniocentesis. We found a decreasing tendency of the
      HPL-values in late pregnancy. The L/S-ratio increased. A significant correlation
      of both values could not be observed. In all three cases of rh-incompatibility
      the decrease of HPL and the increase of the L/S-ratio occurred obviously earlier
      and steeper. Further studies will prove the significance of these results.

PMID- 961177
TI  - [Pathogenesis of amniotic fluid embolism].
AB  - The reason for existant of amniotic fluid embolism is the disposition, which will
      be favoured by the overaction of the sympathic system, by age and the number of
      pregnancy. It happens especially by premature rupture of membrane, pathologic
      contents in the amniotic fluid, high pressure in the uterus, bad uterine muscel
      with laceration and with opened endymyometric veins. Pathophysiologic connection
      between the stages of amniotic fluid embolism are discussed in detail.

PMID- 961178
TI  - [Turntable for the calculation of mean blood pressure using the Wezler-Boger
      method].

PMID- 961179
TI  - [Nonogram for the determination of mean arterial pressure using the Wezler-Boger
      method].

PMID- 961180
TI  - [Prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome through the administration
      of prednisolone in the fetal period].
AB  - The clinical effectiveness of antenatal prednisolone medication (prednisolone
      hemisuccinate) for the prophylaxis of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome
      (IRDS) was studied in 114 premature infants with a gestational age between 28 and
      36 weeks. There was a statistically significant difference (chi2 - test, p less
      than 0,01) between the frequency of IRDS in this group and in another one
      consisting of 137 premature babies with a nearly identical distribution of
      gestational age, whose mothers did not get prednisolone before delivery. It could
      be shown that the time interval between medical induction and delivery should not
      exceed 2 weeks, since the effect decreases with time. At present prednisolone
      medication during the fetal period may serve as useful prophylactic measure for
      IRDS in cases of premature birth. As there are a lot of contraindication against
      prednisolone and as we do know very much about side effects, it seems necessary
      to seek for other, less dangerous inductors.

PMID- 961181
TI  - [Methods of combined antenatal diagnosis of maturity].
AB  - A combined diagnosis of maturity is described, which is harmless in a correct
      technique. The method can be carried out in each of obstetrical hospital together
      with a routine laboratory. By means of the combined diagnosis a "maturity-index"
      is performed, which permits a certain assessment of the survival-chance of the
      praemature delivered children. In connection with the ultrasound-cephalometrie
      also there is an exact evidence to the duration of pregnancy and the tendence of
      intrauterine growth of the fetus.

PMID- 961182
TI  - [Clinical significance of surgeon's residual bradycardia].
AB  - In connection with the observation of new quantitative electronic dates we
      undertook bradycardia residuelle from Sureau a critical value in account. The
      investigations result from non-digital method. We didn't find statistical
      significant coherence between bradycardie residuelle and Apgar-score past 1, 5,
      10 and 60 minuts p.p., the pHf and the delta pHf. Also in relation to the
      neurological investigations of the corresponding children we hadn't statistical
      significant correlations. The causes for this perception are discussed.

PMID- 961183
TI  - [Behavior of serum alkaline during pregnancy. II. Pathological pregnancy].
AB  - 832 estimations of heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) and of heat alkaline
      phosphatase (HLAP) were carried out simultaneously in late pregnant women at 25th
      to the 42nd weeks of pregnancy. 147 of them delivered children with normal birth
      weight. All these women suffered from pre-eclampsia, hypertension or any kind of
      superimposed pre-eclampsia. 110 other pregnant women with or without symptoms of
      pre-eclampsia gave birth to small for dates babies. In addition, the values of
      these patients were compared with 372 estimations of the same enzymes carried out
      in 120 patients with normal pregnancy and outcome of normal weighted children.
      The site of the values of every group showed no typical correlation to the course
      and outcome of their pregnancy. Regarding four special criterions it was possible
      to give a good prediction by serial determinations for the weight of the newborn
      in 80 per cent of the cases. A correlation between the urinary excretion of total
      oestrogens as well as HLAP and the values of HSAP was to be found only in some
      groups of patients.

PMID- 961184
TI  - [Epidemiology of cervix carcinoma in pregnancy].
AB  - It is reported about the prevalence-rate of the precancerous and invasive cancers
      ofthe cervix uteri with 22,450 pregnant women at the age-groups from the 13th to
      48th year, which are registrated by help of the cytological and expanded
      colposcopical examination from 1968 to 1974. There were found 57 heavy dysplasies
      (= 0,25%; sp = +/- 0,133), 42 carcinomas in situ (0,18%; sp = +/- 0,113) and 12
      invasive cancers of the cervix uteri (= 0,053%; sp = +/- 0,061). It seems to be,
      that the prevalence-rate of the precancerous and cancers of the cervix uteri is
      the same at pregnant and non-pregnant women in the generative age.

PMID- 961185
TI  - [Intrauterine gas gangrene in the 37th week of pregnancy].
AB  - A report is given on an infection of intrauterine gas gangrene of stage 2
      according to Dieminger (Tumpania uteri) in the 37th week of pregnancy which
      turned out well. The clinical progress of gas gangrene is discussed. The
      abstention from a caesarian section by reason of indication of the child with
      suspicion of a severe intrauterine infection, the vaginal delivery which was
      forced subsequently, the prevailingly prophylactic administration of antibiotics,
      and the largely initiated infusion and transfusion therapy have in a high degree
      determined the positive end of the disease. The intensive observation of the
      woman in labor, who at first had only been clinically conspicuous, led to an
      early recognition of toxic symptoms, so that an aimed intensive therapy could be
      carried out.

PMID- 961186
TI  - [Analysis of gestationally conditioned morbidity in the German Democratic
      Republic].
AB  - During the last years the analysis of the perinatal mortality with its casuistic
      and statistical aspect has gained importance as an instrument in organizing the
      health protection services for females. For further achievements in the ante-,
      intra- and postnatal care according to the social and scientific progress and to
      the needs of the people a sound knowledge of the morbidity structure is of great
      value. Relating to these points available data sources are analysed regarding
      their information contents and significance. Under the aspect of their prevalence
      the most important diseases during pregnancy are presented.

PMID- 961187
TI  - [Effect of the protein-free calf-blood-extract (Solcoseryl) on the excretion of
      estrogens in chronic placental insufficiency].
AB  - In a double blind study the action of Solcoseryl was tested in 31 patients during
      late pregnancy with chronic placental insufficiency. Under treatment with
      Solcoseryl a significant increase in urinary estrogen excretion occurred in
      relation to the placebo-group.

PMID- 961188
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of blood coagulation disorders in intrahepatic
      cholestasis].
AB  - The reduction of prothrombin level below 5% in a patient with intrahepatic
      cholestasis of pregnancy is reported. The necessity of controlling the Quick
      level or better factors II, VII, IX and X is discussed. A well-timed Vitamin K
      therapy in all cases with impaired secretion of bile during pregnancy is
      recommended.

PMID- 961189
TI  - [Carbohydrate- and lipid-metabolism changes in monosynaptic H-gestosis].
AB  - The parameter of carbohydrate and fat metabolism (FFA, glyzerin and blood sugar)
      was tested among forty pregnant women with a monosymptomatic H-gestosis in the
      thirty-eighth and forty-second week of pregnancy. With a clear rise of all tested
      metabolic parameters in the single control group and the current significance of
      an excessive increase in the values of women in late pregnancy further
      correlations could be statistically proved in respect to the combination group of
      late pregnancy and second degree hypertonus. A definitive statement on the EPH
      gestosis would necessitate further experimental tests.

PMID- 961190
TI  - [Excrement of the meconium and the intra-partum cardiotocogram].
AB  - Of 2233 parturients, 170 cases with evidence of meconium during delivery were
      examined. We tried to establish the correlation between the appearance of
      meconium and the occurance of contraction induced FHR-decelerations in continuous
      intra partum monitoring. In addition we purposed to determine, whether the
      appearing of meconium during labor can be used as a clinical prognosite sign for
      fetal outcome. Our data support the assumption that the passage of meconium
      during any stage of labor only represents a sign of potential fetal distress
      showing the intra partum records pathology FHF-patterns. The appearance of
      meconium alone -- diagnosed at the time of the entrance of parturients or in an
      advanced stage of labor -- demands supplemented diagnostic methods for a better
      interpreting of an actual or compensated fetal distress.

PMID- 961191
TI  - [Combination of cerclage and drug tocolysis in threatened premature labor].
AB  - The paper reports on the combination of cervix cerclage and tocolysis for
      treating imminent abortus and premature delivery. Up to now 59 patients have
      undergone treatment by this method. 37 children were delivered in good health at
      the approximate date of birth as estimated and survived. The number of survivals
      out of 15 prematures is 10, bringing the total number of survivals for these
      children whose life is in peril up to 47 (79,6%). The combined treatment of
      imminent abortus and premature delivery represents a reasonable alternative to
      other proven methods.

PMID- 961192
TI  - [Unilateral fallopian tube twin pregnancy].
AB  - Report of a rare case of unilateral fallopian twin pregnancy in which the fetuses
      had been arrested in the uterine tube left in place at an earlier operation by
      reason of ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 961193
TI  - [Results of cytological and histological studies on the uterine cervix after long
      term intake of hormonal contraceptive agents].
AB  - Cytologic examinations with 880 women having constantly used oral contraceptives
      from one to eight years show no agglomeration of epithelial atypias if the
      primary status was clearly in the negative. Among 669 histologically sure atypias
      of cervix uteri the part of women using oral contraceptives for at least one year
      is significantly lower in carcinoma in situ as well as in early invasive
      carcinoma. The differences in dysplasia are not significant. The results are also
      discussed with regard to the efficiency of permanent control examinations before
      and during the use of oral contraceptions. The demand of a further
      intensification of cytodiagnostic is derived from these examinations.

PMID- 961194
TI  - [Diagnosis and classification of pre- and early stages of cervix carcinoma].
AB  - The cytological and histological possibilities for detection of pre- and early
      stages of cervical carcinoma are shown. The suggestion of nomenclature should
      improve the understanding between gynecologists and pathologists.

PMID- 961195
TI  - [Incidence of hospital treatment in carcinoma in situ in the German Democratic
      Republic].
AB  - 1. In the period 1969 to 1974 the average frequency of in-patient treatment of
      carcinoma in situ has more than doubled in the GDR according to the results of an
      analysis of the hospital case records. There is considerable variation between
      the different countries and districts. 2. Treatment of carcinoma in situ was
      provided in 95% of all gynaecological in-patient services in the GDR. 3. The
      application of a uniform nomenclature of carcinoma in situ based on the agreed
      concept of its characteristics as a defined intermediate stage in the development
      of a malignant process should become common practice in order to achieve better
      comparability.

PMID- 961196
TI  - [Case contribution on ovarian carcinoma in monovular twins].
AB  - There is a report of a case of a bilateral ovarian cancer in a 51-years old woman
      whose monocygotic twin sister had died of the same carcinoma one year before. In
      both cases it was partly a solid partly an adenocarcinoma of the ovaries.
      According to general statistics of carcinoma here it is an accidental event.
      Developmental aspects allow us to think of a common genetic disposition. The
      question is whether in case of a carcinoma of the ovaries in a monocygotic twin
      the adnectomia in the twin sister should be done.

PMID- 961197
TI  - [Primary, multiple neoplasms in gynecologic carcinomas].
AB  - Among 4358 malignant tumours of the female genital tract during a period of 15
      years (1958 to 1972) there were 108 primary multiple cancers, of them 53 as first
      tumours prior to and 55 as second tumours during or after genital carcinoma. The
      different localisations are demonstrated by tables. The number of the second
      tumours occured after carcinoma of the cervix and the corpus uteri are compared
      with a calculated rate of incidence. A satisfacting agreement of the levels
      allows the conclusion: Primary multiple carcinoma determined by accident and
      corresponds to the general expectation of carcinoma.

PMID- 961198
TI  - [Genital carcinoma in pregnancy].
AB  - From 1949 to 1974 there had been found and treated 131 malignant genital tumours
      during pregnancy post partum and post abortum at the Clinic of Obstetrics and
      Gynaecology of the University of Jena. The 5-year rate of surival of cervical
      carcinomas was 59,6%. That is no difference to cases discovered outside of
      pregnancy. It is discussed the possible influence of pregnancy on the growth of
      cervical cancer.

PMID- 961199
TI  - [Iatrogenic provocation in female genital tuberculosis free of symptoms].
AB  - Clinical symptoms of the disease are: sterility, relapsing, adnexitis, chronic
      peritonitis or perimetritis, primary or secundary lack of menstruation, even
      spontaneous abortion with fever and tubal pregnancy. Any kind of physicotherapy
      causing hyperaemia or congestion, surgery or sexual hormontherapy may enhance
      local exacerbation even spread of the disease. Congestion may further enhance the
      growth of bacteria by supplying more oxygen, and the sex hormones are
      incorporated by them. These circumstances influence the pathogenesis in a
      particular manner. The iatrogen provocation can prevented by profilactic
      antituberculous care. Lack of the mentioned prevention results to local
      progression, exsudat, fistulas, severe adhaesions, which cannot be solved by
      surgery. The iatrogen damages can only be prevented if gynecologists and
      phthysiologists cooperate.

PMID- 961200
TI  - [Late recurrence of female genital tuberculosis].
AB  - 5 years patient-material: 336 cases (1042 case-sheats) were analysed for the
      purpose of studying the cases with relapse. 28 recurrence--7,62 per cent--were
      registered. Relapse is regarded, if the properly treated patient remained well
      for at least 5 years, without any signs and symptoms and after negative check-ups
      carried out at regular intervals became actively ill again. If active disease
      ocurred earlier this was not regarded a relapse but rather the progression of the
      original disease, which could be explained either by drug-resistance or
      insufficient conservative treatment.

PMID- 961201
TI  - [Total estrogens and estrogen-creatinine ratio in pregnancy].
AB  - The ratio of estrogen excretion in urine (milligrams per 24 h) divided by
      creatinine (grams per 24 h) was determined in 571 specimens of 307 pregnant women
      and compared with total estrogen determinations. Use of estrogen-creatinine ratio
      reduced the daily variations of total estrogen values by one third resulting in a
      mean curve with less standard deviation.

PMID- 961202
TI  - [Ultramicroscopic studies on the human corpus luteum menstruationis and
      graviditatis].
AB  - In high active steroid producing cells of the human corpus luteum we can find in
      the cytoplasm a well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum in form of smooth
      tubules and homogenously spread vesicles resulting from an active metabolic
      process. We also find specific concertinalike folded membrane complexes which too
      belong to the endoplasmic reticulum. Numerous mainly tubular mitochondria contain
      dense lipoid inclusions. Their close conection with the endoplasmic vesicles is
      expression of a direct interaction of both cell organelles in progesterone
      production. The transport of the intracellular formed steroid hormones to the
      capillary takes place via locally enlarged intercellular spaces which communicate
      with the pericapillary space. On the other hand there are pericellular canaliculi
      which are coated with a membrane. They have no direct connection to the
      pericapillar space.

PMID- 961203
TI  - [Anticoagulants and fibrinolytics in pregnancy].
AB  - 1. Cumarin-derivates are said to be contraindicated during pregnancy. 2. Heparin,
      and heparinoides certainly took may be given during pregnancy. 3. Streptokinase
      is recommended--if indicated--also during pregnancy.

PMID- 961204
TI  - [Statistic evaluation of anamnestic and clinical findings in a premature labor
      collective of 245 cases].
AB  - 245 cases of premature birth were compared from the point of view of frequency of
      aetiologically significant factors with 200 cases of normal birth. The perinatal
      progress of these premature and normal births was also followed up. It was
      possible to obtain statistical confirmation of the connection between prematurity
      and frequent occurrence of some of these parameters. Prominent amongst these are
      previous abortions and premature births, cervical insufficiency and malformation
      of the uterus, multiple pregnancies and anomalous foetal position, also placental
      insufficiency. Increased mortality and morbidity--including perinatal
      complications--were recorded at the same time. Knowledge of predisposing factors
      will in many cases make it possible to recognize in good time when pregnancies
      may be at risk and give adequate supervision and treatment where appropriate.

PMID- 961205
TI  - [Significance of umbilical cord anomalies within the frame of perinatal
      mortality].
AB  - Anomalies of vessels of the umbilical cord (especially the aplasia of one
      arteria) are besides abnormal placental implantations and pathological
      alterations of the placental tissue itself of particular importance for the
      perinatal mortality. In 3 out of 11 cases of perinatal death of the University
      Clinic of Jena of the years 1971 and 1972 there had been found 3 times anomalies
      of vessels of the umbilical cord. Each of these 3 cases showed severe
      malformations. This emphasizes the necessity of checking the presence of the 3
      vessels on the cross-section of the umbilical cord in every case of inspecting
      secundinae.

PMID- 961206
TI  - [Function of thrombocytes during gestation and puerperium as well as their
      relations to thrombosis. 1. Function of blood platelets in normal pregnancy,
      during labor and puerperium].
AB  - Platelet functions during late pregnancy and puerperium were observed. It was
      found pregnancy variations of the number of platelets, platelet spreading, 
      aggregation, adhesiveness and thrombelastographic investigations. In this
      observations is not conclude from increase risk developing a thromboembolic
      disease during pregnancy and puerperium.

PMID- 961207
TI  - [Early diagnosis of uterine rupture after previous cesarean section].
AB  - A new diagnostic measure for the early detection of still uterus rupture before
      birth and previous cesarian section is reported. With a portio ready for birth,
      which permits the finger to pass readily, the possibility exists, after stripping
      of the membranes, to examine digitally the old caesarian scar in respect of a
      beginning or already existing scar dehiscence. In 112 investigated patients with
      this method, once a beginning, six times an incomplete and once a complete uterus
      rupture prior to another partus was seen. In six cases a stenosis was found in
      the old section region with retention of the foetal head and threatening uterus
      rupture.

PMID- 961208
TI  - [Diagnosis of Asherman's syndrome (intrauterine synechiae)].
AB  - On the basis of 120 cases, the authors discuss the diagnostic problems of the
      Asherman's syndrome. They propose the accomplishment of hysterography in all
      cases when amenorrhea, hypomenorrhea, sterility or infertility develops after
      curettage during gestation period and puerperium. They describe the technical
      difficulties of X-ray examination, the appraisal of medicine certificates and the
      problems of differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of intrauterine synechia is
      usally based on the roentgen examination, but uterine sounding must also be
      performed, and these findings must be compared with the symptoms.

PMID- 961209
TI  - [Occurrence of an increased reaction to challenge infection after vaccination
      with aerosols of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus].

PMID- 961210
TI  - Some properties of the surface of formalin-inactivated Semliki Forest virus after
      treatment with tween 80-tri (n-butyl) phosphate or saponin.

PMID- 961211
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in Aujeszky disease virus infected pigs. H. Influence of
      lymphocytes on macrophage migration.

PMID- 961212
TI  - [Results of serologic and bacteriologic studies on blood samples from Brucella
      canis].

PMID- 961213
TI  - Annual turnover of fox populations in Europe.

PMID- 961214
TI  - Dermatophilosis (streptothricosis) in a buffalo calf (Bubalus bubalis).

PMID- 961215
TI  - Adaptation and cytopathic effects of avian mycoplasma in chicken embryo cell
      cultures.

PMID- 961216
TI  - [Morphology of the cerebellum of alpaca (Lama pacos)].

PMID- 961217
TI  - Development of the mouse anterior commissure. Part II. A comparison of glial
      differentiation in the anterior and posterior limbs of the anterior commissure of
      the mouse brain during myelination using semithin light microscopic sections.

PMID- 961218
TI  - [Early development of the heterozygous short-tail mouse (T/+)].

PMID- 961219
TI  - Mm. intertransversarii cervicis of the ox (Bos taurus L.).

PMID- 961220
TI  - [The vascular system of the stomach wall in the cat].

PMID- 961221
TI  - [Introduction of the vestibular method into the studies on the peripheral parts
      of the skull of quadrupeds].

PMID- 961222
TI  - Cartilage in the pulmonary interstitium of chickens.

PMID- 961223
TI  - [Distribution and activities of the oxidative enzymes in the apocrine skin glands
      in pig].

PMID- 961224
TI  - [Effect of immunization of pregnant women with staphylococcal toxoid on the
      immunologic status of the child].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of immunization of women during pregnancy of the
      immunological status of puerperants and their neonates, and also on the course of
      pregnancy in women and on development of a child aged under one year. Elevation
      of the IgG level in the blood serum, of the IgA -- in the milk of puerperants,
      and of the IgM -- in the blood serum of neonates, and also a marked increase in
      the antistaphylolysin titre in the mother and the neonate was revealed as a
      result of immunization. Clinical obervations showed such immunization to be
      harmless for the women, the neonate and the child the first year after birth.
      Immunization had a favourable effect on the state health of the children the
      first year after birth; this was expressed in a greater, in comparison with other
      children, resistance against infections diseases.

PMID- 961225
TI  - [Significance of indices of potential epidemiologic valency of natural foci of
      tick-borne encephalitis and methods of determining them].
AB  - Potential epidemiological valency (PEV) of the natural foci of tick-borne
      encephalitis was characterized by the quantity of the infected ticks per unit of
      the area of the focal territory, and also by the section of the pathway of man's
      passage along this territory, at which encounter of a single viroforic tick is
      possible. PEV indices reflected the epidemiological intensity of the natural foci
      of infection both in the mastered and in the poorly developed areas, and
      therefore could be used for the epidemiological prognosis on tick-borne
      encephalitis and in epidemiological search of this infection on the newly
      developing territories. The extent of PEV reduction as a result of anti-tick
      treatment of forests endemic by tick-borne encephalitis which as caricides with a
      prolonged residual action of the tick-vectors offered a possibility of assessing
      the epidemiological efficacy of the measures carried out the most objectively.

PMID- 961226
TI  - [Lysogenic clones of wild-type plague bacteria and characteristics of the phages
      produced by them].
AB  - Comparative population analysis of 3 lysogenic clones of plague bacteria of wild
      type by lysogenic properties demonstrated that they failed to show any difference
      from one another by immunity to homolgous and heterologous phages, but differed
      by the number of cells capable of producing the phage spontaneously. Lysogenic
      properties were transmitted by heredity both after the ten-fold passage in the
      presence of a homologous antiphage serum and after a 10-fold colning. Phages
      produced by the wild lysogenic clones of plague bacteria were capable of
      provoking lysogenization of bacteria sensitive to it, they were serologically
      affiliated and differed by the range of action on plaque and pseudotuberculosis
      bacteria sensitive to it.

PMID- 961227
TI  - [Biologic effect of atypical mycobacteria against a background of BCG
      vaccination].
AB  - A study was made of the specific sensitivity to tuberculin  in the animals
      vaccinated with BCG in case of their additional sensitization with various
      atypical mycobacteria. The mentioned experimental study appeared to be necessary
      for the purpose of a more proper treatment of the epidemiological date referred
      to the sensitivity of man to tuberculin and sensitins against the background of
      mass BCG vaccination. Preliminary BCG vaccination of the animals with their
      subsequent infection with atypical mycobacteria altered the allergic response to
      the antigens from the mycobacteria increasing the response reactions not only to
      tuberculin, but also to sensitins from mycobacteria of the I--III groups by
      Runyon's classification, closely connected in antigenic respect with mycobacteria
      tuberculosis. Skin reactions to sensitins from the saprophytic mycobacteria which
      had in their composition much less common antigens with mycobacteria
      tuberculosis, remained at the low level. Sensitization with atypical mycobacteria
      of animals preliminarily vaccinated with BCG failed to cause significant
      influence on the production of immunity to the subsequent virulent infection with
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 961228
TI  - [Ultrastructure of Cl. oedematiens spores].
AB  - As a result of study of the ultrastructure of Cl. oedematiens, type B it was
      found that the first signs of spore formation were anlage of the prespore
      membrane by invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane. The prespore forms later;
      the cortex forms between the external and the internal layers of the prespore
      membrane. Internal spore coat forms by joining of the osmiophilic plates, and
      exosporum forms simultaneously with the spore coat and is localized externally.
      Mature spores consist of sporoplasm covered with a membrane, light cortex,
      external and internal spore coat and and interstitial layer between them and the
      exosporium.

PMID- 961229
TI  - [Optimizing the learning process].

PMID- 961230
TI  - [Case of meningitis caused by N. catarrhalis].

PMID- 961231
TI  - [Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to antibacterial preparations].

PMID- 961232
TI  - [Participation of the palatine tonsils in the body's immune response to several
      bacterial toxins].

PMID- 961233
TI  - [Effect of the level of non-specific lipid inhibitors on formation of the immune
      response following experimental inoculation with several arboviruses].

PMID- 961234
TI  - [Reactogenic properties and immunologic effectiveness of several series of live
      Leningrad-16 measles vaccine used for mass immunization of children].

PMID- 961235
TI  - [Effect of a steady magnetic field on several properties of a pathogenetic
      staphylococcus].

PMID- 961236
TI  - [Patterns in the body's immune response to administration of El Tor vibrio
      cholera toxin to experimental animals].
AB  - A study was made of some regularities attending the mechanisms of antibody
      production in the organism of experimental animals after the administration of El
      Tor cholera vibrio toxin. As revealed, the indices of the immune response
      depended on the chosen model, the method of its determination, the method of
      administration and the amount of the toxin administered. Dynamics of the primary
      and secondary responses of the immunocompetent cells of mouse spleen was
      determined. With the action of the El Tor toxin on the lymphoid tissue of mice
      there were expressed the general biological regularities of the response -- the
      optimal amount of the antigen-antibody complexes caused activation of the
      antibody-producing cells; high doses depressed the most reactive immunocompetent
      Y-cells. Apparently, there existed a genetic determinination of the immune
      response of the organism to a definite antigen -- the toxin of the El Tor cholera
      vibrio. It is supposed that it is necessary to choose groups which mostly require
      cholera vaccination.

PMID- 961237
TI  - [Microflora of the intestine and biliary tracts in patients with viral
      hepatitis].
AB  - The authors present the results of studying the microflora if the intestine and
      of the biliary tracts in patients with viral hepatitis; dysbacteriosis was
      revealed in 53% of the cases. This percentage proved to decrease with clinical
      recovery. Bile proved to be often contaminated with microbes -- 77% of the
      samples; this was particularly true in cases with cholestatic variant of the
      disease and in cases of moderate severity. The fact of prolonged habitation of
      the microorganisms in the bile system is of importance -- 68% of the patients
      still had microbial flora in the gall bladder and the biliary tracts by the time
      of discharge from the hospital.

PMID- 961238
TI  - [Epidemiologic aspects of using the dysenterin skin test in institutions for pre
      school children for the purpose of detecting potential sources of infection].
AB  - A possibility of considerable reduction of dysentery morbidity in creches and
      kindergartens by isolation of portential sources of infection among the personnel
      and children revealed as a result of repeated bacteriological examination,
      positively reacting to dysenterin was demonstrated in two controlled
      epidemiological trials. The efficacy of this measure became much less when the
      test and the corresponding bacteriological examination were performed in the
      personnel alone. As a whole, the high incidence of positive results of the skin
      allergic test in practically healthy children and adults, with an extremely rare
      isolation of shigellae in persons positively reacting to dysenterin, even in
      their repeated bacteriological examination, pointed to rather limited
      possibilities of an effective use of this test in antiepidemic practice for
      detection of potential sources of infection.

PMID- 961239
TI  - [Specific polysaccharides of alkali-forming enterobacteria. II. Separation of a
      hydrolysate of B. faecalis alcaligenes specific polysaccharide on a column with
      cellulose].
AB  - Paper and gas-liquid chromatography was applied to the study of monosaccharide
      composition of specific polysaccharide from B. faecalis alcaligenes. Lipophilic
      sugar of unknown chemical nature was revealed in the composition of this
      polysaccharide. Conditions for separation of acid hydrolyzate of the specific
      polysaccharide of this culture in a column with cellulose powder for the purpose
      of preparative obtaining of the unknown sugar were elaborated.

PMID- 961240
TI  - [Indices of cellular and humoral immunity among Antarctic polar workers].

PMID- 961241
TI  - [Change in specific antigen binding by rabbit lymphocytes during immunization
      with human serum albumin].
AB  - Dynamics of specific binding of the antigen with rabbit blood lymphocytes in the
      process of immunization was studied by radioimmunochemical method with the use of
      human serum albumin, I125-labeled. Three types of response to the antigenic
      stimulant were revealed: biphasic with two maximal of the antigen-binding
      activity -- on the 5th--10th and the 15th--20th day; uniphasic -- with the
      maximum activity on the 15th--20th day, the absence of increase of the antigen
      binding activity of blood lymphocytes and a high mean level of specific antigens;
      the absence of primary cell reaction to the administration of the antigen and low
      level of specific antibodies. A correlation was revealed between the intensity of
      the humoral response and the sum total amount of the immunocompetent lymphocytes
      entering the circulation in the course of the whole immunization period.

PMID- 961242
TI  - [Indentification of staphylococci of hospital origin. I. Specific identification
      of staphylococci].
AB  - In 22 biological tests a study was made of the properties of 1117 strains of
      staphylococci isolated from patients and medical personnel surgical departments.
      The significance of each of the tests for species identification of staphylococci
      was assessed on the basis of correlation of its results with the results of study
      of 3 main signs characteristic of S. aureus: the presence of coagulase, anaerobic
      mannite fermentation, and of DNA-ase. Besides the ones pointed out the following
      could be considered as properties characteristic of S. aureus: flocculus-forming
      factor, fibrinolysin, hyaluronidase, lysozyme, golden pigment, tellurite
      reductase, aerobic fermentation of mannite and tregalose. A standard system of
      species identification of staphylococci was elaborated; on its basis assessment
      was made of the diagnostic value of a number of simple systems used in practice
      for determination of staphylococcus species.

PMID- 961243
TI  - [Protein components of nutrient media and their antigenic properties].

PMID- 961244
TI  - [Biochemical characteristics of strains from the Citrobacter and Hafnia genera
      and their laboratory identification].
AB  - A study of biochemical properties of 176 strains of coprocultures isolated from
      the patients and persons who sustained various acute enteric diseases, and also
      from contacts and persons examined for prophylaxis showed that they corresponded
      to the taxonomic definition of the Citrobacter and Hafnia genus. In connection
      with the similarity by biochemical properties between bacteria of Citrobacter and
      Salmonella genus and bacteria of Hafnia and Shigella genus it is of expedience in
      their identification and differentiation carried out in bacteriological
      laboratories in the diagnosis of enteric infections to use several biochemical
      tests.

PMID- 961245
TI  - [Improvement of the calendar of immunizations against pertussis, diphtheria and
      tetanus].

PMID- 961246
TI  - [Epidemiologic role of bearers of HB-antigen in children's collectives].

PMID- 961247
TI  - [Morphologic changes in the lymph nodes of ordinary guinea pigs and animals with
      reduced intestinal microflora during the local Shwartzman phenomenon].

PMID- 961248
TI  - [Immunization of children less than one-year-old against measles].

PMID- 961249
TI  - [Effect of antibiotics on the primary immune response induced by heterologous
      erythrocytes].

PMID- 961250
TI  - [Serine and threonine dehydratases in representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae
      family].

PMID- 961251
TI  - [Molecular heterogeneity of endotoxin preparations of the typhoid-paratyphoid
      group of bacteria. V. Induction of non-specific resistance to the action of
      bacterial toxins by high-molecular and low-molecular fractions].

PMID- 961252
TI  - [Discriminant studies of immunoglobulins in diseases of the liver and biliary
      tract].
AB  - Discriminant-analytical studies of immunoglobulins G, A and M in 54 persons with
      a healthy liver and in 476 persons with various diseases of the liver and biliary
      tracts, and also calculation of correlations between the extent of proliferation
      of the hepatic mesenchyma and the concentrations of serum immunoglobulin led to
      the following conclusions: changes in the behaviour of immunoglobulins were
      specific of the organ and the disease, of limited significance in the diagnosis
      of diseases of the liver and biliary tracts. Dependence of the quantitative
      values of immunoglobulins on the activity of hepatic mesenchyma permitted to
      determine the significance of the indices for the observation over the course of
      the disease and for its prognosis. However, in the assessment of these changes
      one should take into consideration the influence produced on the
      immunoglobulinogram of extrahepatic concomitant disease, and also different
      individual capacity of the organism to immunoglobulin synthesis.

PMID- 961253
TI  - [Immunologic effectiveness of influenza live dry aerosol vaccine].

PMID- 961254
TI  - [Reactogenicity and safety of influenza live dry aerosol vaccine].

PMID- 961255
TI  - [Identity of the H-antigen in cholera and NAG vibrios].

PMID- 961256
TI  - [Use of computers and mathematical methods in epidemiologic work. IV. Methodical
      approaches to the epidemic process in dysentery using a computer (image
      recognition theory)].
AB  - The authors present methodical ways of diagnosis of the type of the epidemic
      process in dysentery with the aid of computers base on the application of the
      theory of recognition of imapes.

PMID- 961257
TI  - [Study of serum antibodies of different classes as a methods of defining the
      genesis of transitory salmonella carrier state].

PMID- 961258
TI  - [Experimental concentration and purification of cultural antirabies vaccine].
AB  - A study of 6 series of concentrated and purified -- by ultracentrifugation -- dry
      cultural rabies vaccine inactivated with ultra-voilet rays demonstrated that in
      case of a 31--316 increase of concentration immunogenicity of the preparation
      rose 3--13-fold. Purification of the vaccine took place with its concentration.
      Additional purification of the concentrated vaccine on aluminium oxide led to a
      partial loss of the viral protein and to reduction of immunogenicity.

PMID- 961259
TI  - [Specific stimulation of the lymphocyte blast transformation reaction in patients
      with rheumatism under conditions of exposure to delagil, mephenaminic acid and
      amidopyrine].
AB  - Antirheumatic preparations chiefly inhibited (in vitro) the specific microbial
      stimulation of the reaction of blast transformation of lymphocytes (RBL) in the
      patients with torpid rheumocarditis caused by addition of streptococcus
      nucleoproteid into the medium. Specifically stimulated RBL became intensified in
      healthy donors on addition to the culture medium of amidopyrin and mephenaminic
      acid; as to delagil, it depressed the specifically stimulated RBL both in healthy
      donors and in patients.

PMID- 961260
TI  - [Disc-electrophoresis of the protein spectra of representatives of the genera
      Aeromonas, Comamonas and Pseudomonas].

PMID- 961261
TI  - [Response of the body to multiple administration of chemical brucellosis
      vaccine].

PMID- 961262
TI  - [Results of a 60-year study of melioidosis. II. Pathogenesis and pathologic
      anatomy].

PMID- 961263
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the cytotoxic activity of antibrain and different
      antilymphocyte sera in vitro].
AB  - The cytotoxic test was used to assess the specificity of the action of antisera
      obtained by immunization of rabbits with the tissue of mouse brain, mouse intact
      lymphoid cells of various origin, and cells preliminarily filtered through a
      column of cotton. Anticerebral sera proved to react strictly specifically with
      the thymus-dependent population of lymphoid cells; antithymus sera behaved in
      analogous way both against the intact and against the filtered thymocytes. The
      action spectrum of the sera against the cells of the lymph nodes and the spleen
      depended on the methof obtained them. The sera against the intact cells of the
      lymph nodes reacted chiefly with the T-cells, killing 20% of the cells of bone
      marrow origin. The sera against the lymph node cells enriched by filtration were
      strictly specific; in comparison with the sera against crude cells, the sera
      against filtered splenic cells contained much more antibodies reacting with T
      cells; admixture of antibodies against B cells was the same in the sera against
      crude and against filtered cells. Immunization of rabbits with mouse bone marrow
      cells permitted to obtain antiserum which gave a strictly specific reaction with
      B-cells after a corresponding absorption with thymocytes.

PMID- 961264
TI  - [Repeated immune response in gnotobiotic rats].
AB  - Repeated immune response to diphtheria toxoid was investigated in
      monocontaminated rats. It was shown that repeated immunization of these animals
      led to a sufficiently intensive immune response by the secondary type, but it
      ended much earlier than in the usual animals (by the 12th day). A supposition is
      put forward that earlier termination of the secondary response in gnotobionts is
      caused by the absence in their lymph nodes of an additional differentiation of
      cell-precursors at the late periods of secondary immune response.

PMID- 961265
TI  - [Effect of cholerogen on tissue culture cells].
AB  - A study was made of various series of cholerogen on the cultures of human
      continuous cells of normal (F1, Rh) and tumour nature (HeLa). Cholerogen proved
      to produce a marked toxic action on the cultures of F1, Rh and HeLa cells causing
      a reduction of the number of living cells, depression of mitotic activity, a
      reduction of the intensity of staining on the sum total protein and RNA, a
      reduction of the activity in the cells of acid phosphatase and succinic
      dehydrogenase, and also a reduction of production of protein-polysaccharide
      layer. Different cholerogens produced a different toxic action on the cells of
      the same type.

PMID- 961266
TI  - [Properties of mycoplasmae isolated from the urine of patients with chronic
      pyelonephritis].

PMID- 961267
TI  - [Response of spleen and lymph node cells in tissue culture during formation of
      immunity to plague].

PMID- 961268
TI  - [Etiologic role of klebsiella in children with acute intestinal diseases].
AB  - A study was made of possible etiological association between klebsiellae and
      acute enteric diseases in children of creches age. The mean frequency of
      isolation of klebsiellae from these children constituted 22.3%, and from somatic
      patients - 38.5%. Both in the patients with enteric diseases and in somatic
      patients with intestinal disturbances the appearance of klebsiellae was preceded
      by oher diseases or by prolonged treatment with antibiotics leading to reduction
      of general resistance of the organism. Clinical manifestations were unitypical in
      the patients of both categories. In healthy children the incidence of klebsiellae
      was less (4.7%) and without any clinical manifestations. I is suggested that
      there is an etiological association between klebsiellae and acute enteric
      diseases under definite conditons.

PMID- 961269
TI  - [Characteristics of strains of Citrobacter 037 (5396/38) isolated from guinea
      pigs in a gnotobiologic experiment].
AB  - No changes in the principal biochemical properties characteristic of the given
      genus occurred in a gnotobiological experiment of passing Citrobacter bacteria
      through microbe free and exmicrobe-free animals. Of 28 strains of this genus
      isolated in the course of investigation two strains lost their arginine
      decarboxylase activity. In the cultures studied the quantitative content of the
      Vi-antigen had a tendency to reduction in comparison with the initial culture
      used for the association. some of the strains studied had one more common antigen
      with typhoid bacilli (strain Ty2-4446) along with theknown cross by the Vi
      antigen. Bacteria of the Enterobacter and Excherichia genus isolated after the
      conventionalization had common antigens with typhoid bacilli (Ty2-4446).

PMID- 961270
TI  - [Immunologic reactions in man following oral immunization].
AB  - Prolonged clinico-immunological investigation was carried out on a volunteer; it
      was shown that a single oral vaccination with living B. citrobacter culture
      produced a marked immunological reaction in the form of increase of the typhoid
      Vi- and O-coproantibodies revealed in the fecal filtrate. The greatest rise of
      the preventive activity of the blood serum was noted after a 4-fold vaccination,
      whereas the maximum antibody formation--after a five-fold immunization in doses
      tested in the experiment. There was revealed no correlation (in time or
      intensity) between the three tests with the aid of which was the oral vaccination
      assessed.

PMID- 961271
TI  - [Antigenic structure of non-agglutinating vibrios and bacteria of the genus
      Aeromonas].
AB  - The authors carried out a comparative study of the antigenic structure of
      nonagglutinating vibrios and the respresentatives of Aeromonas genus. A number of
      common antigens (some of which were of protein origin) were revealed in the so
      called enterotoxins of nonaggultinating vibrios and aeromonas and also in the
      cytoplasm and ribosomes of these strains. "Enterotoxin" of Aeromona s strain
      contained the factor of vascular permeability. The serum to "enterotoxin" of the
      Aeromonas strain neutralized the enterotoxin of nonagglutinating vibrio.

PMID- 961272
TI  - [Indices of phagocytosis of staphylococci with different biological activity].
AB  - An index of completion of phagocytosis was studied for staphylococcus cultures of
      various biological activity in experiments with surviving polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes. Among the coagulase-forming staphylococci virulent strains proved to
      be nonviable in a lesser percentage of cases than the avirulent ones. Coagulase-
      and mannite-negative cultures proved to be most unstable. Staphylococcus toxin
      depressed the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the focus of
      irritation, inhibited ingestion of the virulent, and, to a lesser degree, of
      avirulent coagulase-forming staphylococci, but failed to influence the ingestion
      of coagulase-negative epidermal staphylococci. The influence of staphylotoxin on
      the phagocytosis completion index was either the minimal or absent entirely.

PMID- 961273
TI  - [Experimental latent typhus].
AB  - Asymptomatic typhus infection was regularly modelled in guinea pigs with
      increased resistance to Rickettsia prowazeki; this infection was characterized by
      the presence of immunological shifts in the blood and immunity to reinfection,
      persistenc of rickettsia in the organs of animals in the absence of pyretic
      reaction and periorchites. Modelling in guinea pigs of asymptomatic infection is
      also possible against the background of passive immunity created by specific
      immune serum obtained during convalescence. Investigations demonstrated that
      rickettsiocidal activity (in experiments on chick embryos) and antiinfectious
      activity (in experiments on guinea pigs) of the sera was caused by 7S-antibodies.

PMID- 961274
TI  - [Use of Soviet semipermeable acetate-cellulose membranes for concentration and
      purification of typhoid antigens].
AB  - A study was made of a possibility of using Soviet made membranes "Vladipor" with
      a pore diameter of 16--17 nm for the purpose of concentration and purification of
      antigenic extracts from stab cultures of S. typhi obtained by the action of
      typsin, hydrogen peroxide and detergents. Preparations, complete by antigenic
      structure, were obtained by ultrafiltration, with a good yield. The maximal rate
      of ultrafiltration was noted in case of "peroxide" antigenic preparations. The
      use of diafiltration provided a significant reduction of the ash content in the
      end products.

PMID- 961275
TI  - [Change in the non-specific resistance of the body to influenza and acute
      respiratory diseases following immunization diphtheria-tetanus vaccine].
AB  - A single vaccination of animals with diphtheria-tetanus vaccine caused changes in
      non-specific resistance of the organism to influenza of phasic character: a
      reduction of resistance to influenza was observed at the early periods after the
      vaccination, with its subsequent restoration to the initial level and increase at
      the remote periods after the immunization. Immunization of children with
      diphtheria-tetanus vaccine also led to a short-term reduction non-specific
      resistance to influenza and acute respiratory diseases during the second decade
      after the vaccination, and its subsequent increase at periods from the 40th to
      the 60th day.

PMID- 961276
TI  - [Methods of detecting the agent of melioidosis in objects of the external
      environment and other material].
AB  - On the basis of literature data and personal investigations the authors
      elaborated a scheme of detection of the causative agent of melioidosis in the
      objects of external environment, including fluorescent microscopy of crude
      material, seeding on meat-peptone agar with crystal violet, seeding material
      treated with penicillin on fluid medium with subsequent transfer on solid Levin
      medium and infection of animals, seeding on a medium with beta-alanine and
      neonmycin and infection of sensitive animals with crude material.

PMID- 961277
TI  - [Palatine tonsils and immunity. VIII. Soluble factors produced by lymphocytes of
      the palatine tonsils and other lymphoid formations in rabbits].
AB  - A comparison was made of the activity of solbule factors produced by
      thelymphocytes of the palatine tonsils, the appendix, the spleen and thelymph
      nodes of rabbits in stimulation with a specific antigen (complete antigen of
      streptococcus, group A) and PHA. The blastogenic factor produced  by the lymphoid
      cells of the spleen and the lymph nodes was highly active. Lymphocytes of the
      palatine tonsils and of the appendix produced a factor withlow activity after PHA
      stimulation. A factor intensifying the transformation in the presence of a
      complete streptococcus antigen was produced by lymphocytes of the spleen and the
      lymph nodes of the immunized animals. The lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils and
      the appendix failed to produce this factor.

PMID- 961278
TI  - [Use of the passive hemagglutination test for diagnosis of meningococcal
      infection].
AB  - A considerable percentage of patients with meningococcus infection displayed an
      increase in the actibody titres to meningococcus, group A, detectable in the
      passive hemagglutination test (PHAT). An increase in the antibody titre was mose
      frequent in the patients with clinical manifestations of meningococciemia and
      meningitis. The PHAT can be used as an auxiliary method of diagnosis permitting
      to establish the meningococcus etiology of the disease in a number of cases.

PMID- 961279
TI  - [Congenital familial craniofacial dysostosis].

PMID- 961280
TI  - [Experimental model of transient cerebral circulatory disorders by way of
      embolization of cerebral arteries with fresh blood clots].
AB  - A total of 85 experimental animals received through the blood flux of the carotid
      arteries clots of autogenic blood of 1 hour age. A histomorphological study after
      40 minutes following an embolism there were revealed clots in the cerebral
      arteries in 13 out of 14 animals. After 1.5 hours in 1 of 17, and after 24 hours
      in none of the 10 animals. Directly following the administration of clots in all
      the 20 animals of this series, there were symptoms of focal brain lesions:
      hemipareses, ptosis and myosis, a "trot around circles", etc. In all 20 animals
      there was a complete regress of the symptom at different times (from 10 min to 18
      hours). In all cases there was an increased amount of lactic acid in the cerebral
      blood outflow while subsequently was reduced, correlating with the time of clot
      lysis. The morphological control did not depict brain infarctions. It is assumed
      that the reason of brain dysfunctions is an obturation by blood clots of cerebral
      arteries, while their normalization is due to a spontaneous lysis of the embols
      which obturated the cerebral arteries.

PMID- 961281
TI  - [Thrombocyte lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in patients with ischemic stroke].
AB  - It was established that in the acute period of the ischemic stroke in the
      maiority of cases a change of isoenzyme structure of LDG thrombocytes was due to
      a decrease of LDG3 activity. In a number of patients the dominant change in the
      spectrum was determined by LDG and LDG4 fractions. The changes were of a stable
      character up to 10 weeks. LDG4 increase was characteristic of the isoenzymes
      spectrum in the patients with a severe development of the disease and in the
      patients in the remote period of the stroke. The obtained data can serve as a
      criterion for evaluating the adaptive changes in acute brain ischemia.

PMID- 961282
TI  - [Comparative concentration of serum free amino acids in patients with incipient
      and manifest organic neuropsychiatric disorders of vascular origin].
AB  - The authors conducted a study of the quantitative content of amino acids in the
      blood serum of patients with initial and expressed organic neuro-psychic
      disorders of a vascular genesis and in a group of normals of the same age. In
      patients with initial organic syndromes the content of cystin-cystein and
      treonine in the blood serum increased. In patients with expressed organic
      syndromes the content of cystin-cystein increased, while the content of arginine
      acid and leicyn-isoleicyn decreased as compared to the control group of elderly
      people. A comparative study of the two groups of patients with organic
      psychopathology of a vascular origin demonstrated that in vascular dementia there
      are more severe changes in the content of amino acids in the blood serum.

PMID- 961283
TI  - [Combined quantitative analysis of electro- and rheoencephalograms at different
      ages and features of their individual indices with use of vasoactive drugs].
AB  - The polygraphic studies with the calculation of the complex of the EEG and REG
      quantitative parameters which were conducted in 20 individuals of young age and
      20 adult individuals, displayed that there was an increase of the vascular tone
      and a decrease of the brain pulse blood-content which were observed not rarely
      with the EEG irritation at the same time in the mature age. Papaverine and
      euphilline action revealed dependence on the initial tone of the brain vessels
      and expressiveness of the general hemodynamic shifts.

PMID- 961284
TI  - [Role of interruption of the circle of Willis in the genesis of hemorrhagic
      stroke].
AB  - The author describes the anatomical findings among the variants of brain arteries
      in 360 deceased where 160 of them had a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, while 200
      had no brain diseases. Those cases where strokes were revealed the author found a
      separation in the posterior part of the circle of Willis--between the carotid and
      vertebro-basillar systems. This could happen due to an aplasia of one or both
      posterior connective arteries, or due to the absence of a connecting vessel
      between an atypically diverging posterior brain artery (posterior trifurcation)
      and the basillar artery. It is assumed that this circumstance has a definite
      significance in the pathogenesis of hemorrhages.

PMID- 961285
TI  - [Role of craniocerebral trauma in the development of Alzheimer's disease].
AB  - The report deals with a clinico-anatomical description of 3 cases of Alzheimer's
      disease, developing after a brain trauma. The evolution of the disease justifies
      the question concerning the role of traumas in the pathogenesis. The atrophical
      process, lying at the basis of the disease is considered in the aspect of the
      aging of the colloid brain system under the influence of a mechanical action of a
      trauma.

PMID- 961286
TI  - [Hippocampal pathology as one of the possible factors in the pathogenesis of
      several dementias of old age].
AB  - In the light of comtemporary concepts concerning the functional significance of
      the limbic system, the author reports of some results in the subiculum in young
      and old individuals (39 cases) with different forms of dementia of old age
      (senile and vascular dementia, Pick's and Alzheimer's disease). The authors
      assessed the thickness of the subicular cortical stratum, the relative and
      absolute amount of nervous and glial cells and capillaries. In old age the
      thickness of the subicular cortical stratum is decreased by 28%, while the
      absolute amount of neurons by 29%. In old age dementia the thickness of the
      subicular cortical stratum decreased by 47--71% and the absolute amount of
      neurons becomes 2--3 times less. In old age in general and in dementia of old age
      in particular there was no "substitutional" gliosis because the absolute amount
      of glial cells in the cortical stratum is reduced in this group of individuals by
      20--50%.

PMID- 961287
TI  - [Features of episodes of mental disorders in chronic renal insufficiency (clinico
      morphologic study)].
AB  - The authors studied the traits of psychotic attacks in 40 patients with terminal
      stages of chronic renal insufficiency. They were expressed in atypical delirious,
      delirio-amentive and amentive conditions. 8 cases were studied morphologically.
      The pathological process in the brain was characterized as toxico-dyshomeostatic
      encephalopathy. The pathogenesis of such disorders is discussed.

PMID- 961288
TI  - [Changes in the ultra-fine structure of capillaries of the embryonic brain in the
      presence of schizophrenia in the mother].
AB  - The report is concerned with a study of fine structures of brain capillaries in 9
      embryos received during medical abortions from schizophrenic mothers. The authors
      established some traits in the ultrastructure of endothelial cells in most of the
      studied cases--an increase of the surface of endothelial cells at the expense of
      a tortuosity of their plasmatic membranes and a formation of growths,
      vacuolization of the cytoplasma. There were also some changes in the structure of
      basal membranes. In 2 cases there were also peculiar pathological changes in the
      vascular endothelium: granules of an unknown nature in the endothelial cells and
      a focal lysis of the plasmatic membranes of endothelial cells.

PMID- 961289
TI  - [Morphologic characteristics of the pituitary-adrenal system in schizophrenia
      (according to early autopsy findings)].
AB  - The presented data are concerned with the morphology of the hypophysis
      (neurohypophysis, intermittent lobe and adenohypophysis) and cortical layer of
      the adrenals in 30 schizophrenic patients with different forms of the disease,
      duration and causes of lethal outcomes. The studied material was taken during the
      first 6 hours following death. The author gives an assessment of the functions in
      separate glands (different variants in the morphological picture) and the
      hypophysis adrenal system in general. In 60% of the cases there was a sufficient
      activity of the studied glands (including cases where the morphology of the
      glands was close to normal conditions, increased activity and exhaustion after an
      increased functional tension).

PMID- 961290
TI  - [Ultrastructure of schizophrenic patients' lymph nodes].
AB  - By means of the electron microscopic method it became possible to study the
      structure of the lymph groin node (bioptic material) in 4 cases of schizophrenia
      and in 2 normals. All the schizophrenic patients had continuous forms (nuclear)
      of the disease, while their mental state during the period of examination was
      characterized as terminal. An analysis of the cell structure in the lymph node
      demonstrated that in both groups the functional activity of the lymphoid tissue
      was sufficiently high and in relation to some indices this activity was even
      higher in the group of schizophrenics (a more expressed pynocytose activity of
      the reticular cells and macrophages, a higher amount of blast forms of the
      lymphocytes, plasmatic cells and activated lymphocytes). The authors stress that
      these data are purely preliminary.

PMID- 961291
TI  - [Quantitative electron-microscopic analysis of the lymphocyte population in the
      peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients].
AB  - The author conducted a quantitative submicroscopic analysis of a population of
      recently isolated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients.
      At the basis of the analysis there lies a subdivision of lymphocytes into 3 types
      according to their ultrastructure: narrow-plasmatic (I), widerplasmatic (II) and
      activated (III) cells. In the blood of schizophrenic patients the correlations of
      these cells were 54%, 24% and 22%, while the same figures for normals were 63%,
      24% and 13%. These data may indicate that in schizophrenia the peripheral blood
      contains 1.7 times more activated lymphocytes than in normals. The activated
      lymphocytes possess an increased adhesiveness. They probably are atypical
      lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients which can be seen
      through an optical microscope.

PMID- 961292
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic characteristics of cases of alcoholic delirium with lethal
      outcome].
AB  - The authors conducted a clinico-morphogicaly analysis of 12 cases (10 males and 2
      females) of alcoholic delirium with a lethal outcome. All 12 patients were
      alcohol abusers (from 5--22 years). Pathoanatomical changes of the brain and
      internal organs were characterized by traits of chronic alcoholic encephalopathy
      accompanied by elements of toxic damage of the nervous tissue. The main factor in
      the genesis of this severe disorder is a diffuse acute toxic damage of the minor
      vessels of the cortex and white brain matter (more expressed in the frontal areas
      of the hemispheres). The authors discuss the pathogenetical role of hepatic
      lesions in alcoholic delirium.

PMID- 961293
TI  - [Thiamine deficit in acute alcoholic psychoses].
AB  - In 35 females and 22 males with acute alcoholic disorders and in 44 individuals
      of a control group the author studied the indices of thiamine balance--the
      content of thiamine and pyruvic acid in the blood and urine, concentration of
      citric acid in the blood, activity of transketolase of erythrocytes and TDP
      effect. The results demonstrated that a thiamide deficiency in excretion and
      insufficiency in coenzyme functions of oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid
      and in the pentose cycle is seen not only in alcoholic psychoses, but in the
      withdrawal syndrome. Sex differences of these indices and their development were
      not noted. It is assumed that the clinical traits of alcoholic disorders in
      females are not related to changes in the thiamine metabolism.

PMID- 961294
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical study of epileptic children and adolescents and their
      relatives].
AB  - The observations were convened in the framework of clinico-genetical study of
      epilepsy. It was established that in the blood serum of epileptic children and
      adolescents and their relatives there is an increase of general activity of LDH.
      With the aid of electrophoresis in agar and polyacrylamid gel it was possible to
      show an increase in the content of LDH-1 and a drop in LDH-3. These shifts are
      more expressed in the blood serum of patients and sibs, rather than in parents.
      It is assumed that an increase of general LDH and LDH-1 activity are conditioned
      by an increased membrane permeability of brain cells. There were no differences
      in the degree of these indices depending upon the genesis, sex and frequency of
      paroxysms.

PMID- 961295
TI  - [Use of the Soviet preparation methindione for injections in convulsive
      conditions].
AB  - The author studied the action of a Soviet preparation Metindion in 22 patients
      with serial epileptic seizures and in 16 patients with an epileptic status. The
      studies demonstrated a high anticonvulsive activity in serial fits. In
      epileptical states the action of metindion was less expressed. Its combination
      with diazepam preparations and barbiturates appeared to have a more expressed and
      prolonged anticonvulsive action. Metindion is most effective when used at initial
      stages of a convulsive condition.

PMID- 961296
TI  - [Value of pendulum-like oculonyorhythms and myorhythms of other muscles for
      prognosis of restoration of cerebral cortical function following hypoxia].
AB  - In clinical and EEG studies of 92 patients where the preterminal and terminal
      states were arrested it was possible to demonstrate that the phenomenon of a
      spontaneous discharge of pendulum-like oculomyorhythms and myorhythms of the
      orbital muscles is a significantly negative sign pointing to irreversible
      cortical lesion. Conditioned by oculomyorhythm the artefacts seen in the EEG of
      comatose patients simulate an intactness of the brain electroactivity and are a
      source of an erroneous evaluation of the EEG.

PMID- 961297
TI  - [Quantitative assessment, sex traits and types of chronograms of the Achilles
      reflex].
AB  - The time of Achille's reflex was measured with the aid of an independent
      electronic device tirocron in 104 normal natives of the Zambian Republic. In
      males the time of the reflex was significantly shorter (299.8+/-4.6 msec for the
      right and 303.4+/-4.9 msec for the left foot) than in mussles (326.1+/-5.6 and
      329.9+/-5.9 respectively). Difference in the time of the reflex on the right and
      left foot in males and females was not noted. The "warmup phenomenon" was more
      frequently seen in females with the same frequency on the right and left feet.
      Three types of chronograms of Achille's reflex were depicted: stable, relatively
      stable and disseminated. The stable type prevaled on the right foot as compared
      to the left one and in males as compared to females. The disseminated type was
      more frequently seen in females on the left side. In determing the time of
      Achille's reflex it is necessary to use the arithmetical mean not less than 15-
      20 measurements.

PMID- 961298
TI  - [Neuron-capillary interrelationships in the lateral horn of the spinal cord].
AB  - The authors depicted some regularities in the interrelationships of capillaries
      and different types of neurons in the lateral horns of the spinal cord in rats.
      It was established that with an increase of the area of the profile field of the
      nervous cell there is an increase of the amount of capillaries, their total
      length and the area of the capillary channel in the zone of vascularization.
      However, the index of capillary-neuron relationships reveals a reverse
      dependency. The greatest amount of capillaries is stituated in the radius from 5-
      15 mum from the cell body. The capillaries form around the cell body structures
      of a different configuration.

PMID- 961299
TI  - [Determination of the gliotoxie and demyelinating properties of serum in organ
      cultures of brain in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis].
AB  - The report contains some results of a study of the blood serum taken from guinea
      pigs and macacus rhesus with allergic encephalomyelitis to a glyotoxic and
      demyelinizing effect in an organ culture of the brain in newborn rats and adult
      macacus rhesus. It was demonstrated that the test has a high specificity to a
      glyotoxic effect of the blood serum in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
      and a less specificity to demyelinization in vitro. The authors describe in
      detail the method of studying the serum in organ brain cultures.

PMID- 961300
TI  - [Development of synaptic contacts in the human brain during the early stages of
      embryogenesis].
AB  - The author studied the ultrastructure of forming synaptical contacts in the human
      brain at the early stages of development (7--8 and 9--11 week embryos). It was
      established that during the 7--8th week of the embryo ontogenesis the brain has
      already contacts of the puncta adhaerentia type and structures which by several
      signs can referred to transitory stages in the formation of synapses. During this
      period of development contacts between the axons of neuroblasts were encountered
      more frequently that those between the axons and bodies of nervous cells. During
      the 9--11th weeks of embryogenesis the human brain acquires more contacts between
      both the axons and the neuroblasts. At this stage there is a first appearance of
      synaptical structures, similar to functionally and morphologically mature
      synapses.

PMID- 961301
TI  - [Cytochemical characteristics of proteins in neurons of a mirror epileptogenic
      focus (experimental study)].

PMID- 961302
TI  - [Changes in the neurons of the lateral geniculate body under the effect of
      prolonged darkness (cytochemical study)].
AB  - With the aid of the cytospectrophotometry method the author studied the influence
      of light deprivation (the exposure of animals to darkness during 8 weeks
      following birth) on neurons of the dorsal nucleus of the external geniculate body
      of rats according to the index of glutamatedehydrogenase activity. It was
      established that unlike the visual cortex, separate groups of neurons which react
      differently to light deprivation, the majority of nervous cells in the external
      geniculate body demonstrate similar changes: a drop in the medium activity of
      glutamatdehydrogenase in neurons and its neurological satellites, a shift of
      neuron histograms according to this index to the left. These changes are
      accompanied by an increase of smaller neurons as compared to normal, as well as a
      drop in the amount of neurons with satellites. The found differences of reactions
      to light deprivation between the cortical neurons and switch areas of the visual
      analyzer are discussed in the light of functional traits of such neurons.

PMID- 961303
TI  - [Cytochemical indices of intercentral interrelations of the motor and visual
      analyzers during light deprivation].
AB  - The authors used the interferometrical method to determine the content and
      concentration of the proteins in the neuron cytoplasma of the III and V layer in
      the motor and visual areas of the brain cortex in rabbits in normal conditions
      and prolonged light deprivation (from the moment of birth up to 2 1/2 months).
      These data were accompanied by measurements of the neuron area. It was
      demonstrated that the absence of visual impulses leads to a morphochemical
      underdevelopment of the neurons in the visual cortex layers. Such
      underdevelopment was expressed in a decrease in the size of the neurons and
      protein content in the cytoplasma compared to the control group. In the neurons
      of the III and V layer of the motor cortex of the same animals there were changes
      of a compensatory character (an increase in the size of the neurons, content and
      concentration of proteins in the cytoplasma). In this respect the authors discuss
      the question of the influence of specific visual and other forms of impulsation
      on the morphochemical differentiation of neurons in the studied brain cortex.

PMID- 961304
TI  - [Peroperative and postoperative course in children with congenital dislocation of
      the hip from the viewpoint of anaesthetist and paediatrician (author's transl)].

PMID- 961305
TI  - [Substitution of the articular cartilage by hydrogel in experiment].

PMID- 961306
TI  - [Ten years experience with cervicocapital prostheses of the femur (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 961307
TI  - [Ten years experience with cervicocapital prosthesis of the femur (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 961308
TI  - [Plaster corset -- an important part in the surgical treatment of scolioses
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 961309
TI  - [Plaster corset--an important part in the surgical treatment of scolioses
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 961310
TI  - [Principles of conservative treatment of scoliosis by a Milwaukee brace (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 961311
TI  - [Intraarticular therapy of gonarthrosis with Antilysine (author's transl)].

PMID- 961312
TI  - [Biochemical and haematological findings in rheumatic synovitis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 961313
TI  - [Treatment of fistulating forms of osteoarticular tuberculosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 961314
TI  - [Preoperative and postoperative course in children with congenital dislocation of
      the hip from the viewpoint of anaesthetist and paediatrician (author's transl)].

PMID- 961315
TI  - [Traumatic hepatic sequestration (author's transl)].

PMID- 961316
TI  - Effect of adrenal demedullation on urinary excretion of catecholamines in thermal
      trauma in rats.
AB  - The urinary excretions of adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined before and
      after a moderate thermal trauma in rats with intact adrenal glands, after adrenal
      demedullation and after adrenalectomy with grafting of adrenal cortical tissue.
      The basal excretions of adrenaline were 0.28 mug, 0.06 mug and 0.04 mug/24 h/rat,
      respectively. In rats with intact adrenal glands the adrenaline excretion was
      greatly increased already in the first 24 hours after the burn. In both the
      demedullated and adrenalectomized rats only a very slight increase of the
      adrenaline excretion was noted, but this may indicate a slight reaction of the
      extramedullary chromaffin tissue to the trauma. The basal excretion of
      noradrenaline was not affected either by demedullation or adrenalectomy,
      indicating that it consisted mainly in noradrenaline released from peripheral
      sympathetic nerve endings. From the second day after the burn there was an
      increase in the noradrenaline excretion, of equal magnitude in all experimental
      groups, indicating an increased liberation of peripheral adrenergic transmittor
      substances.

PMID- 961317
TI  - The strength of suture knots after one week in vivo.
AB  - The strength of knotted thread for 12 different types of suture knot in
      combination with 11 types of suture material used in surgery was investigated one
      week after insertion in subcutaneous tissue in rabbits. The results were compared
      with similar investigations on knot strength carried out with 'dry knots'. The
      thread dimension used in both experiments was 000 (USP). As in vitro, the weakest
      point of a suture loop subjected to traction was the knot. The incidence of
      thread rupture within the loop but outside the knot was 1.4% in vitro and 5.9% in
      vivo, and was commonest with plain catgut. With one exception, however, thread
      breakage occurred at greater strain than the average required to produce knot
      failure with the material in question. A greater proportion of knots slipped in
      vivo then in vitro (72% and 35% respectively), with reduction of the strength of
      the suture loop as result. There was also greater scatter of measured values
      under in vivo conditions (standard deviation: 11% in vitro, 23% in vivo). For 7
      of 11 suture materials the results indicated a reduction in knot-holding power
      after one week in situ in the living animal compared with in vivo conditions.
      This was naturally enough most marked with the two types of catgut (chrome 48%,
      plain 57%). In contrast, Dexon apparently remained unchanged after one week in
      vivo. The non-absorbable materials tested showed an estimated average fall in
      knot-holding power from 100% to 88% (range 109-65%), viz, an average of 12%
      units. The loss of holding power in vivo was, however, apparently never greater
      than 1/3 compared with 'dry knots' and calculated on average for all types of
      knot with non-absorbable materials.

PMID- 961318
TI  - The strength of tissue against individual sutures in structures involved in the
      repair of inguinal hernia.
AB  - The strength of tissue against individual sutures in structures used in the
      repair of inguinal hernia was tested in situ in 19 cadavers. Altogether 465
      measurements were made. Three different layers were investigated, and the mean
      tissue strength to a single suture was recorded as the mean of all means for each
      preparation and aspect as follows. (1) The superficial layer (external oblique
      aponeurosis). Superior aspect 5.3 kp, inferior aspect 5.5 kp. (2) Middle layer.
      Superior aspect (internal abdominal oblique), 5.9 kp; inferior aspect (inferior
      border of the inguinal ligament), 6.8 kp. (3) Deep layer. Superior aspect
      (transversalis fascia), 5.3 kp; inferior aspect (ilio-pubic tract), 6.9 kp. In
      Cooper's ligament the mean holding power of the tissue against a single suture
      was found to be 9.1 kp. The site of the most medial of the sutures in the
      superior aspect of the middle layer corresponds to the conjoined tendon, and the
      mean tissue strength to this suture was 11.0 kp. The findings thus suggest that
      the strengths of the tissues of the anterior and posterior walls of the inguinal
      canal are roughly equal. The structures making up the conjoined tendon and
      Cooper's ligament were strongest, however, and showed tissue strengths nearly
      twice those of other structures.

PMID- 961319
TI  - Abdominal angina. Results of arterial reconstruction in 12 patients.
AB  - Twelve patients suffering from abdominal angina have been operated upon with
      revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery. Preoperatively, all had the
      classical symptoms: postprandial pain, wieght loss and abnormalities of the
      stools. The surgical procedure of choice was endarterectomy with patch grafting;
      in two cases a vein by-pass have been used. In general, it will be sufficient to
      reconstruct one artery, even with two or three of the mesenteric arteries
      afflicted. Peroperative measurements of pressure gradients and flow may guide in
      choice of procedure. Two patients died postoperatively, both had additional
      extensive reconstruction of the aorta and the renal arteries. The remaining 10
      patients were all relieved of their symptoms after the operation and gained
      considerably in weight. They were followed over 25 months in mean. During the
      period of observation 2 patients have died from other diseases. The good longterm
      results after arterial reconstruction in contrast to the poor prognosis without
      operation call for early diagnosis and surgical treatment. The difficulties
      involved with the diagnosis of abdominal angina are discussed and a functional
      diagnostic test is proposed.

PMID- 961320
TI  - Fibrinogen related antigens in acute pancreatitis.
AB  - The fibrinogen related antigens were measured in 22 consecutive patients with
      acute pancreatitis. During the attack a marked elevation was seen, the values
      normalizing in the quiet phase. This may be due to either intravascular and/or
      extravascular degradation of fibrinogen-fibrin. As other authors have
      demonstrated intravascular coagulation experimentally in animals with
      pancreatitis, the authors stress that intravascular coagulation may play an
      important role in the patheogenesis of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 961321
TI  - Blood flow and oxygen consumption in the feline small intestine; responses to
      artificial distension and intestinal obstruction.
AB  - Relations between blood flow and oxygen consumption were studied in denervated
      and homologously perfused small intestine of the cat. Under "resting" conditions,
      oxygen uptake was independent of blood flow within rather wide limits, whereas
      fractional oxygen extraction displayed a highly significant correlation to flow.
      Upon artificial distension of the bowel, oxygen uptake became a function of blood
      flow. It is suggested that there may exist an "autoregulation" of oxygen uptake,
      striving to satisfy theoxygen need of the bowel irrespective of the current blood
      flow rate. It is also suggested that this "autoregulation" is abolished upon
      distension of the bowel. With respect to intestinal obstruction, the continuing
      distension of simple obstruction causes an inability of the bowell-wall
      vasculature to extract and consume the oxygen currently needed, probably a result
      of disturbed "autoregulation" of oxygen uptake. An intervening decompression
      seems to re-establish "autoregulation" in the obstructed bowel. The present
      results afford evidence for "autoregulation" of intestinal oxygen uptake. They
      further suggest deterioration of "autoregulation" in intestinal obstruction and
      corroborate the previous suggestion that intra-operative decompression of
      obstructed bowel restores the ability of its capillary circulation to withstand
      with retained function, renewed increments of strain and distension.

PMID- 961322
TI  - Ruptured arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the splenic artery.
AB  - A case of arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the splenic artery with rupture into the
      transverse colon resulting in secondary perforation of the cecum is presented.
      Symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of aneurysms of the splenic artery are
      briefly illustrated. Aneurysm of the splenic artery must be suspected by the
      presence of uncharacteristic upper abdominal pain and the annular calcification
      in the left upper quadrant on roentgenogram. The diagnosis is verified by
      arteriography. Operation of all symptomatic splenic artery aneurysms is
      recommended. Asymptomatic aneurysms measuring more than 3 cm in diameter and
      aneurysms with radiographic evidence of enlargement, should be operated too.

PMID- 961323
TI  - Acute segmental gastro-intestinal gangrene probably of clostridial origin. Report
      of a case.
AB  - A 29-year-old female suffering from acute terminal ileitis was subjected to
      laparotomy undertaken on the tentative diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The
      appendix was found to be normal and was removed. The course was complicated with
      segmental gastro-intestinal gangrene with fatal outcome. The involvement of
      histotoxic clostridial infection as a causative factor is discussed.

PMID- 961324
TI  - Plasma progesterone and oestradiol estimations in the diagnosis and treatment of
      luteal insufficiency in menstruating infertile women.

PMID- 961325
TI  - [Search for transit difficulties in the epididymis for differential diagnosis of
      oligospermia].

PMID- 961326
TI  - Effect of cadmium chloride on testis and seminal vesicular fructose contents of
      shrew (Suncus murinus anderson), gerbil (Meriones hurrianae jerdon) and hedgehog
      (Hemiechinus auritus collaris).
AB  - A single subcutaneous injection of cadmium chloride (0.04 m mol/kg body weight)
      did not cause any change in the macroscopic and microscopic features of testes
      and caput epididymis of Suncus. Testes and sex accessory glands did not show any
      significant change in their weights. Seminal vesicular fructose concentration
      remains unchanged. The tetes and sex accessory organs of gerbil under comparable
      condition showed significant weight loss and shrinkage in tubule diameter. The
      seminiferous epithelium was totally destroyed. A single intratesticular injection
      of CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg body weight) in hedgehog resulted in testicular necrosis. The
      small temperature difference between cremaster sac and rectum, absence of
      testicular artery and pampiniform plexus and insuficient concentration of cadmium
      within the testis when administered subcutaneously may be responsible for
      insensitivity of Suncus testes to cadmium.

PMID- 961327
TI  - [Management of cervical incompetence with cerclage according to Shirodkar. A
      report on 110 cases].
AB  - The authors report a 110 cervical cerclage operations for cervical incompetence.
      Shirodkar's technique was used and cerclage was carried out between the 9th and
      20th week of amenorrhea. Out of 110 patients submitted to the procedure, 98 gave
      birth to a live infant weighing more than 1000 g which amounts to a success rate
      of 89%. Duration of pregnancy ranged between 26 and 41 weeks. If only pregnancies
      having proceeded to 37 weeks of amenorrhea are considered, the success rate
      amounts to 68%.

PMID- 961328
TI  - Hemodynamic drug interaction: peridural lidocaine and intravenous ephedrine.
AB  - Hypotension following peridural anesthesia with lidocaine was treated by
      intravenous injection of ephedrine. The ephedrine relieved the cardiovascular
      depression, but was associated with a concomitant increase in plasma lidocaine
      concentrations. This increase may push the plasma lidocaine concentration into
      the toxic region.

PMID- 961329
TI  - Suxamethonium apnoea terminated with commercial serumcholinesterase.
AB  - A case of prolonged suxamethonium apnoea successfully terminated by the infusion
      of a commercial preparation of serumcholinesterase is reported. The patient
      appeared to be homozygous for the dibucaine resistant gene, having only 15% of
      normal activity in his serum. His dibucaine number was 21, and the Michaelis
      constant was 5.5 times that of normal sera. One and a half hours after receiving
      110 mg suxamethonium for oesophagoscopy, the patient was still apnoeic with no
      response to ulnar nerve stimulation. Intravenous administration of 90 mg
      commercial serumcholinesterase, the equivalent to 1000 ml fresh human plasma,
      restored twitch and tetanic responses and the patient could lift his head 15 min
      after the beginning of the enzyme injection. The serumcholinesterase activity of
      the patient's serum increased by 55% (from 15% to 70%) following the injection.
      This rise was halved over the next 8 days.

PMID- 961330
TI  - Effect of ketamine anaesthesia on the content of monoamines and their metabolites
      in the rat brain.
AB  - The effects of ketamine anaesthesia (100 mg/kg i.p.) on the content of brain 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), noradrenaline (NA),
      dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were studied in male Wistar rats.
      Fifteen min after ketamine injection, when the rats were deeply anaesthetized,
      the 5HT content in many brain regions tended to be increased. An opposite
      tendency was found in the brain 5HIAA content. In rats treated with probenecid,
      which markedly lengthened ketamine anaesthesia, the accumulation of 5HIAA was
      significantly reduced by ketamine. In addition to ketamine anaesthesia,
      probenecid was found to lengthen thiopental anaesthesia. One hour after the
      ketamine administration, when the rats were no longer anaesthetized but were
      excited, the brain NA concentration was increased by 17% (P less than 0.02). The
      brain DA content was unchanged, but at 15 min and 1 hour after ketamine
      administration the striatal HVA content was increased by about 55% (P less than
      0.05), suggesting an increased turnover of DA. The results suggest that during
      recovery from ketamine anaesthesia the increased NA content and the increased DA
      turnover may be associated with the postanaesthetic excitement of the rat,
      whereas the decreasamine anaesthesia.

PMID- 961331
TI  - Respiration and circulation after total hip replacement surgery. A comparison
      between parenteral analgesics and continuous lumbar epidural block.
AB  - The cardiopulmonary effects of two different types of postoperative analgesic
      regimes were compared in 31 cardiorespiratorily healthy patients subjected to
      total hip replacement surgery. The investigation was performed preoperatively on
      the morning of the day of surgery and during the first 3 days postoperatively.
      All patients received continuous lumbar epidural analgesia preoperatively, during
      surgery and up to the end of the first measurement period, which started 2.5 h
      after surgery. Ten patients were subseuqently given pentazocine (Fortalgesic)
      intramuscularly on demand for pain relief throughout the investigation, while 14
      patients received 0.4% plain lidocaine (Xylocain), and seven patients 0.4%
      lidocaine with adrenaline (1/400,000) as a continuous lumbar epidural drip for
      analgesia thorughout the investigation. It was confirmed that the operative
      procedure itself did not significantly influence the postoperative arterial
      oxygenation, while the type of postoperative analgesic regimen was of
      considerable importance in this respect. Thus, patients given pentazocine showed
      a significant increase in pulmonary venous admixture, due both to an increase in
      true shunt and to an increase in ventilation/perfusion disturbances. This pattern
      of poor pulmonary function still persisted on the third postoperatively. In
      patients given an epidural block no significant changes in pulmonary venous
      admixture were noted postoperatively, and thus there was no reduction in PaO2.
      All patients, irrespective of the type of analgesic regimen used, had a
      significantly increased cardiac index and oxygen uptake postoperatively, although
      patients given an epidural block showed a greater increase in cardiac index, and
      thus a tendency towards a more hyperkinetic circulation than those given
      pentazocine.

PMID- 961332
TI  - Misplacement and loop formation of central venous catheters.
AB  - Exact placement is an essential prerequisite for long-term use of a central
      venous catheter. Reported data show an extremely wide range of catheteral
      misplacements: from less than 1% to more than 60%. Some approaches appear to be
      less advantageous than others, but the highest rates of misplacement occur in the
      cubital, external jugular and saphenous veins. A series is presented of 378
      radiographically controlled central venous catheters analysed for aberrant
      placement and loop formation. The total occurrence of faulty positioning and
      coiling reached 5.3%, while the respective incidences were 30% for the external
      jugular vein, 5.7% for the internal jugular vein, 5.5% for the infraclavicular
      technique of subclavian venepuncture, 5.3% for the innominate vein and 1.4% for
      the supraclavicular approach of subclavian venepuncture. The total frequency for
      pure loop formation was 2.9%. The authors discuss numerous reported data on
      catheter malpositioning, according to the specific techniques used, and compare
      them with thier own results. The relatively low incidence in the present series
      is possibly due to the high proportion of cases where the supraclavicular
      subclavian approach was used, the omission of the sphrenous/femoral and cubital
      techniques, and to pre-determining the length of the inserted catheteral
      segments.

PMID- 961333
TI  - Postanaesthetic use of naloxone hydrochloride after moderate doses of fentanyl.
AB  - A consecutive series of 273 anaesthetics is presented. All patients were given
      moderate doses of droperidol and fentanyl intravenously to supplement nitrous
      oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. 28.6% of the patients needed reversal of the
      analgesic respiratory depressant effect at the end of anaesthesia to establish
      stable spontaneous respiration. The opiate antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride
      (Narcan), was found to give rapid and reliable reversal of the respiratory
      depression. A mean dose of 2 mug/kg body weight of naloxone was found adequate in
      that no patient required further doses in the post-operative period in order to
      maintain adequate ventilation. Neither does the dose seem to have been too large.
      Patients in the naloxone group had no need for additional analgesics during the
      first 5 3/4 hours postoperatively, as compared to the painfree interval of 3 1/4
      hours in the control group.

PMID- 961334
TI  - The effect of segmental epidural analgesia on maternal and foetal acid-base
      balance, lactate, serum potassium and creatine phosphokinase during labour.
AB  - Maternal and foetal acid-base balance, PaO2, lactate, potassium and creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK) were studied during the course of 28 induced labours. Every
      second mother received segmental epidural analgesia during the first stage of
      labour (epidural group), while the remaining mothers (who were given pethidine
      for pain relief, if necessary) acted as a control group. In the epidural group
      the patients had only minimal changes in acid-base balance and lactate
      concentration during the first stage. During the second stage lactate
      concentration increased. In the control group, on the other hand, the acid-base
      balance showed signs of hyperventilation and lactic acid accumulation during the
      first stage. The potassium changes were quite minimal and were not significantly
      different between the groups. The CPK level did not change during labour, but 2
      and 4 h after delivery it was significantly elevated in both groups. The foetal
      acid-base balance, potassium, lactate and PaO2 values revealed no differences
      between the groups at any time. The CPK level in umbilical venous blood was
      significantly higher in the epidural group.

PMID- 961335
TI  - Mast cells in mammalian brain.
AB  - Mast cells, which had until recently been believed to be not present in the
      mammalian brain, were studied in the brains of 29 mammalian species. Although
      there was considerable intraspecific and interspecific variation, mast cells were
      most numerous within the leptomeninges (especially in those overlying the
      cerebrum and the dorsal thalamus - most rodents, most carnivores, chimpanzees,
      squirrel monkeys and elephant), the cerebral cortex (most rodents, tiger, fox,
      chimpanzee, tarsier, and elephant) and in many nuclei of the dorsal thalamus
      (most rodents, tiger, lion, and fox). In some mammals, mast cells were also
      numerous in the stroma of the telencephalic choroid plexuses (chimpanzee,
      squirrel monkey), the putamen and the claustrum (chimpanzee), the subfornical
      organ (pack rat, tiger, chimpanzee), the olfactory peduncles (hooded rat, albino
      rat), the stroma of the diencephalic choroid plexus (lion, chimpanzee, squirrel
      monkey), the pineal organ (chimpanzee, squirrel monkey), some nuclei of the
      hypothalamus (tiger), the infundibulum (hooded rat, tiger, fox) the area postrema
      (pack rat, chinchilla, lion, spider monkey, chimpanzee, fox) and some nuclei and
      tracts of the metencephalon and the myelencephalon (tiger). Neither the sex of
      the animal nor electrolytic lesions made in the brains of some of the animals at
      various times prior to sacrifice appeared to effect the number and the
      distribution of mast cells. Age-related changes in mast cell number and
      distribution were detected in the albino rat.

PMID- 961336
TI  - [Morphology, topography and nomenclature of the human papillary muscles compared
      with mammalian].
AB  - On the internal or parietal surface of the left ventricle in man and in mammals
      are two papillary muscles, which are almost identical and well developed. In man,
      these muscles are known as the m. papillaris parietalis anterior sinister and the
      m. papillaris parietalis posterior dexter, in mammals, the m. papillaris
      parietalis cranialis sinister and caudalis dexter, or, in shorter form, mm.
      papillaris parietalis sinister et dexter. In the right ventricle in man, there
      are two papillary parietal muscles: the mm. papillares anteriores et posteriores.
      On the septum of this ventricle there is, as in mammals, a muscle called the m.
      papillaris septalis medialis seu subarteriosus. Beside it are one or several
      smaller muscles, varying from one individual to another: the mm. papillares
      septales accessorii seu parvi. In the right ventricle of the mammalian heart is
      found, in addition to the m. parietalis septalis subarteriosus, already
      mentioned, a m. papillaris caudalis, more or less well developed in some species
      and, in the majority of mammals, the m. papillaris septalis cranials, which is
      always well developed. In certain mammals, there is, in rare cases, a m.
      papillaris septomarginalis seu parietalis. It may be said, in conclusion, that,
      in a large number of mammals, there is, on the internal surface of the external
      wall of the right ventricle, a reasonably well developed m. papillaris
      parietalis.

PMID- 961337
TI  - Effects of sialoadenectomy and parotin hormone on the development of rat sponge
      induced granulation tissue.
AB  - A study was made concerning the effects of sialoadenectomy and parotin hormone
      administration upon sponge-induced granulation tissue of young adult rats. The
      effects of sialoadenectomy alone and sialoadenectomy plus a single subcutaneous
      injection of parotin hormone, in two different doses (0.15 and 0.30 mg), on the
      development of 15-day-old granulation tissue were observed. The action of parotin
      hormone administration without sialoadenectomy was also investigated. The results
      have shown that sialoadenectomy produces a retardation effect upon the
      development of the tissue. This effect was partially inhibited by 0.15 mg and
      totally eliminated by the administration of 0.30 mg of the hormone. When
      administered in rats which were not sialoadenectomized, the dose of 0.30 mg
      caused increased fibroplasia and vascularization of granulation tissue, while a
      dose of 0.15 mg did not cause any significant difference when compared to the
      control tissue.

PMID- 961338
TI  - Secondary cartilages in growth and development of the symphysis menti in the
      hamster.
AB  - The early growth and development of the symphyseal joint and pertinent adjacent
      regions of the mandible in the hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, are described. The
      joint is patent throughout life and in adults contains a large fibrocartilage
      which mediates mandibular movements. Evidence is presented to show that this
      cartilage is formed by the fusion of Meckel's cartilage with two secondary
      cartilages that appear within the joint space. Evidence is also presented which
      suggests that cells of the symphyseal cartilage have the capacity to produce
      bone.

PMID- 961339
TI  - Histochemical studies on the liver of Heteropneustes fossilis treated with carbon
      tetrachloride.
AB  - The effect of carbon tetrachloride on the liver of Heteropneustes fossilis has
      been studied. It results in centrolobular necrosis and cirrhosis. The hepatocyte
      nuclei are enlarged and balloon-shaped cells are visible at a few places. There
      is an increase at this stage in the DNA content of the hepatocyte nucleus. The
      cytoplasm is heavily laden with glycogen. Fatty infiltration starts and the fat
      content in the cytoplasm of the liver cells is increased. After 5 h of injection,
      the nuclei undergo lysis followed by ruptures in the cell membrane. The DNA
      content is greatly reduced. There is a marked depletion in the glycogen content.
      The bile canaliculi are filled with the extruded cell contents. The fatty
      infiltration increases at this stage.

PMID- 961340
TI  - Ultrastructural development of bone marrow adipose cell.
AB  - The postnatal development of bone marrow adipose cells was studied by sequential
      examination of marrow tissue obtained from the tibia and femur of 1- to 8-week
      old rabbits. The bone marrow adipocyte begins to develop 2 weeks after birth. Its
      cellular origin differs from the "fibroblast-like" cell that is the progenitor of
      the extramedullary adipocyte. The marrow pre-adipocyte is associated with the
      sinus endothelium and adventitial cells, but is not associated with collagen and
      does not contain abundant organized rough endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike the
      extramedullary adipocyte, the course of differentiation of the medullary
      adipocyte is not characterized by the appearance of glycogen; furthermore, during
      the coalescence of lipid droplets to form larger fat globules, cytoplasmic
      organelles, such as mitochondria and ribosomes, are trapped within the lipid
      substance to form intralipid vacuoles containing degraded cytoplasmic organelles.
      The possible significance of these morphologic differences between the developing
      bone marrow adipocyte and that of its extramedullary counterpart is discussed.

PMID- 961341
TI  - Ultrastructural study of nerve terminals in the submucous plexus and mucous
      membrane after extirpation of the myenteric plexus.
AB  - An attempt is made to separate in the submucous plexus and mucous membrane of the
      chronically isolated intestine of the cat the fibers originating from the
      myenteric plexus and those originating from the submucous plexus by secondary
      degeneration after the extirpation of the myenteric plexus. A considerable part
      of the nerve processes in the submucous plexus originate from the cells of the
      myenteric ganglia and establish direct synaptic relationships between the
      ganglion cells, or are very close to the blood vessels. The numerous intact
      synapses between the different nerve elements in the submucous plexus point to
      local reflex connexions within the plexus itself. The degeneration of sub
      epithelial nerve elements, containing always clear and dense-core (1,000-1,200 A
      in diameter) vesicles besides the numerous intact nerve elements, might indicate
      the presence of real sensory nerve processes in this layer. The terminal fibers
      remaining intact after removal of the myenteric plexus contain numerous medium
      sized dense-core vesicles in potassium permanganate-fixed material. This suggests
      that there are cells containing 5-hydroxytryptamine in the submucous plexus.

PMID- 961342
TI  - Nuclei and tracts of the di-mesencephalon of the parakeet.
AB  - A number of nuclei and fibre systems of the parakeet di-mesencephalon, as visible
      in transverse series stained with the methods of HAGGQVIST and of KLUVER and
      BARRERA, have been described. In the preparations used, in which both neurones
      and myelinated fibres are visible, a relatively great number of elements can be
      distinguished, because of differences in cell and fibre content. Probably these
      elements are more sharply circumscribed than in the pigeon and therefore more
      readily visible. A few of them have been described for the first time, but they
      require experimental substantiation. Typical features of some nuclei and fibre
      systems of the parakeet have been pointed out. Attributing a certain type to the
      di-mesencephalon of the parakeet proved to be unfeasible, because of a deficient
      knowledge both about the elements studied and to their aspect in a sufficient
      number of other avian species. The pictures produced may be helpful in
      recognizing nuclei and fibre systems in other birds in which they are less
      distinct.

PMID- 961343
TI  - Constitution and body proportions in different strains of rats. A study of race
      formation in breeding isolates.
AB  - (1) There are considerable differences in body constitution in different strains
      of rats, ranging from very robust to very gracile forms. The differences are
      greater in the larger males than in the smaller females. (2)Craniofacial and
      postcranial proportions of the trunk in domesticated strains of rats differ
      either uniformly or mosaically from the wild form. (3)Nasal shape differs greatly
      in rats ranging from extreme leptorrhine to extreme platyrrhine forms, giving a
      total range greater than in human populations. (4)Fisher 344 rats have long tails
      and extremities and Buffalo and GRL short tails and extremities. (5)Wistar and
      ACI rats have longer tails than wild rats but do not differ significantly from
      wild rats in the relative length of their other extremities. (6)The relationship
      between tail and extremity length is under genetic control which is concordant in
      Fisher, Buffalo and GRL rats, but discordant in the Lewis, Wistar and ACI
      strains. (7)There is no connection between relative extremity length and total
      body constitution since short-limbed strains occupy both the highest (Buffalo)
      and lowest (GRL) levels o f robusticity, and strains that do not differ in
      relative extremity length from wild rats differ greatly from each other in
      constitutional type (Wistar and ACI). (8)Differences of relative extremity length
      and nasal shape in rats have their parallels in human populations. But in human
      populations they follow Allen's ecological "rule" and can be duplicated
      experimentally. In rats here used, however, they do not result from any known
      ecological pressures, but from the genetic factors acting in breeding isolates.

PMID- 961344
TI  - [Differention of the neural tube. Experimental study in chick and quail embryos].
AB  - In order to study the possible influence of adjacent structures upon
      differentiation and proliferation of the chick spinal cord, a piece of neural
      tube of chick embryos incubated for 2 days (stages 12-14 of HAMBURGER and
      HAMILTON) was extirpated and replaced by an equal graft from a donor embryo of
      the same age. The grafts were rotated 90 or 180 degrees around their longitudinal
      axis. The examination of the serial histological sections and the analysis of the
      distribution of mitotic density in the rotated spinal cord of embryos fixed 2-8
      days after the operation led to the following results: the differences in
      morphogenesis and histogenesis between dorsal and ventral sectors of the spinal
      cord are already determined in 2-day-old chick embryos. The reversal of the
      neural tube at this time has no effect either upon the typical differentiation or
      the characteristic distribution of the mitotic cells in the spinal cord.

PMID- 961345
TI  - Localization of acid phosphatase activity in the medulla oblongata of the small
      brown dove, Streptopelia senegalensis, and white-throated munia, Uroloncha
      malabarica.
AB  - In the present study, acid phosphatase activity has been histochemically
      localized in the medulla oblongata (facialis part) of Streptopelia senegalensis
      and Uroloncha malabarica. It was noticed that the enzyme is present particularly
      in the motor nuclei and lysosomes of neuroglial cells of the medulla oblongata.
      However, enzymatic deposition appears to be somewhat more vigorous in S.
      senegalensis than in U. malabarica, thereby indicating their respective metabolic
      turnover and neuronal excitability. Simultaneously, the functional significance
      has been discussed in the light of differential localization.

PMID- 961346
TI  - Effect of corpora lutea grafted under renal capsule on pregnancy in the rabbit.
AB  - Implantation of the blastocyst and maintenance of pregnancy were examined by
      autografting corpora lutea under renal capsule in rabbits. Implantation of the
      blastocyst did not occur when the corpora lutea were autografted because of small
      amounts of lutein tissue, low secretory activity of lutein cells, and the period
      required for functional activity of grafts. Autografts of 4-day-old corpora lutea
      were capable of maintaining pregnancy after 15 days post coitum, when follicles
      and interstitial tissue remained intact. Pregnancy was maintained in a limited
      number of fetuses when 6-day-old corpora lutea were autografted in ovariectomized
      estradiol-treated does.

PMID- 961347
TI  - The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus of sheep (Ovis aries) and the
      effects on food and water intake following its electrolytic destruction.
AB  - A description is presented of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN)
      of sheep following study of paraffin-embedded material stained with a Nissl and a
      myelin stain. The VMN is related to most structures in the ventrobasal
      hypothalamus and is ellipsoidally shaped with its poles tilted both medially and
      anteriorly. Three kinds of neurons can be distinguished under the high power of
      the light microscope, and other cellular variants are probably the three basic
      types seen in different orientations. The commonest neuron had bipolar processes
      and a basophilic line structure apparently curving over the surface of the
      nucleus. The food and water intake of four sheep with discrete destruction of the
      VMN is described and compared with sheep with anterior hypothalamic lesions and
      controls. Discrete destruction of the VMN was without effect on food and water
      intake. The conclusion is reached that more lateral and ventrolateral areas of
      the tuberal hypothalamus might be involved in satiety regulation in the sheep.

PMID- 961348
TI  - [Comparative study of tracheal epithelium of different mammals].
AB  - Tracheal epithelia of ten different mammals were investigated with the light and
      the electron microscope. Characteristic differences were found concerning the
      thickness of the epithelia, the length of the cilia, the density of the cells in
      the epithelia, the numerical distribution of the different cells and their
      ultrastructure. Special attention was paid to the morphology of the kinetosomes.
      Brush cells and chromaffin cells, which are sparsely distributed in the different
      tracheal epithelia, were discussed.

PMID- 961349
TI  - [Esential comparative, morphological and topographical differences and
      characteristics of the cecum in man and domestic animals].
AB  - The caecum in man as a part of the large colon (intestinum crassum) differs
      morphologically and topographically from the caecum of domestic mammals. The
      caecum in domestic mammals differs not only from the human caecum but also
      comparatively morphologically and topographically among the domestic mammals. The
      appendix vermiformis does not exist in domestic mammals, which represents the
      main difference between the human caecum and that of domestic mammals. There are
      certainly some differences in the physiological function of the caecum in man and
      the caecum in domestic mammals, which are carnivores, omnivores, omnivores and
      herbivores.

PMID- 961350
TI  - Stature estimation from femur and humerus by regression and autometry.
AB  - Estimation of stature from a single extremity bone is a common forensic practice
      and many regression equations are given by various workers. In India, Pearson's
      formula is the most commonly used method to determine the height. These
      regression equations were subjected to verification on 194 (97 pairs) femora and
      102 (51 pairs) humeri from India. It was seen that the Pearsonian formulae did
      not give exact results. The regression formulae differed statistically in both
      sexes in femur and humerus. These are calculated and given. This finding once
      again proves the necessity of having norms or formulae for the specific groups,
      when reliable results are required. In addition, the proportion between humerus
      length and femur length is also verified. This has evolutionary significance. In
      addition to the usual method as above, a method of the proportion these bones
      individually bear to the stature of the same person to which the bones belong is
      worked out both as a multiplication factor and percentage proportion to the body
      stature. It has been amply demonstrated and concluded that this method be called
      "autometry" and further that this seems to be more reliable method than the
      tedious yet variable and unreliable results the various formulae give. This
      autometry seems to have a consistency, being constant in both sexes and all
      races, thus evolving a "human race autometry".

PMID- 961351
TI  - [The encephalus of the pond-loach, Misgurnus fossilis (L.), 1758 (fish, teleosts,
      Cobitidae). An example of sexual dimorphism].
AB  - The brain of the Pond-loach (Misgurnus fossilis) is very closely related to that
      of Cyprinidae. In the Medulla oblongata, the facial lobe-in relation with the
      skin taste buds, especially on the barbels-is bigger than the vagal lobes-which
      are related with the mouth taste buds. The intraspecific relations between
      brainweight and bodyweight or various body lengths show a real sexual dimorphism
      (brain dimegaly). The interspecific brain-bodyweight relationship shows an
      allometric coefficient of 0.505 in males and 0.485 in females, very close to that
      of the Rainbow trout. The encephalization index (63) is very close to that of the
      Tench, and a little lower than that of the Cyprinidae as a whole.

PMID- 961352
TI  - Karyometric studies of the nucleus preopticus in fish (Clarias batrachus) and
      toad (Bufo andersonii).
AB  - With the object of investigating the so called 'feedback' mechanism, whereby
      hormones from the various endocrine glands influence the hypothalamus in its
      regulation of the hypophysial tropic hormones, the activity of the nucleus
      preopticus (NPO) has been studied by means of karyometry under experimental
      conditions to understand the endocrine nature of the hypothalamic nuclei. (1)
      Oestrogen and testosterone propionate caused an increase in nuclear volume of the
      NPO cells, which is related to the synthesis of secretion. An increase of the
      nuclear volume is attributed to an increase of secretion. (2) Methylthiouracil
      (MTU) and thiourea bring about shrinkage in nuclear dimensions (p less than
      0.001). Depletion of NSM is noticed in the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory
      system after MTU administration. (3) Two to five days' administration brings
      about depletion of NSM in the cells of the NPO. Eight to 15 days' metopiron
      treatment enhanced the activity of NPO cells. (4) Hypophysectomy caused shrinkage
      of the NPO cell nuclei, depletion of AF-stainable material in the cells of the
      NPO. ACTH treatment reversed these changes and brought about hypertrophy of the
      neurosecretory cells. (5) Neomercazole treatment and radiothyroidectomy bring
      about shrinkage in the NPO cell nuclei. Thyroidectomized toads when injected with
      thyroxine showed an enlargement of their nuclei.

PMID- 961353
TI  - Histochemical studies of the development of alkaline and acid phosphatase
      activities in the ovary and oviduct of the fowl (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were studied in the ovary and oviducts
      of pullets from the age of 2-32 weeks. Adult fowls were similarly studied.
      Alkaline phosphatase activity was present only in the glandular grooves and
      crypts of the immature oviducts. Alkaline phosphatase activity appeared at the
      pits of epithelial evaginations as glandular formation commenced. The young, non
      secreting glands also showed the enzyme activity. But in the mature oviduct,
      alkaline phosphatase activity was confined to only the uterovaginal glands or
      sperm host glands and the epithelium of the vagina. In the ovary, alkaline
      phosphatase activity in the theca interna increased as the diameter of the
      follicles increased. Acid phosphatase activity was not present in the ovary, but
      in the oviduct, the enzyme activity was present in the uterine (shell gland)
      glands and in the uterovaginal epithelium and glands (sperm host glands).
      Alkaline phosphatase activity in the ovarian follicles and in the immature
      oviduct is thought to be related to histodifferentiation of these structures.

PMID- 961354
TI  - Histological and ultrastructural observations on the development of the lung of
      the fetal pig.
AB  - Lungs of fetal pigs having gestational ages ranging from 80 to 115 days were
      examined histologically and by electron microscopy. At 80 days bronchial
      epithelium was ciliated but bronchiolar cells were not and bronchial mucosal
      glands were absent. Peripheral regions consisted predominantly of mesenchymal
      tissue with glandular alveoli. 92 days marked the transition from the immature to
      the more mature lung type. Bronchial glands appeared and began to grow from the
      epithelium into the lamina propria, bronchiolar epithelial cells acquired cilia,
      and alveoli were becoming irregular in shape and had thinner interalveolar septa.
      Close contact between capillaries and alveolar epithelium established the blood
      air barrier at many points. Differentiation of alveolar epithelium into types I
      and II pneumonocytes occurred at this stage and lamellated osmiophilic inclusion
      bodies were present in type II cells for the first time. The number of lamellated
      bodies increased progressively to term at 115 days.

PMID- 961355
TI  - Erythrophagocytosis by cells of the trophoblastic epithelium in the sheep
      placenta in different stages of gestation.
AB  - Erythrophagocytosis by the trophoblastic epithelial cells of the sheep placenta
      was studied in different stages of gestation. Light-microscopic observations
      showed that the erythrophagocytosis became more and more conspicuous with
      increasing stages of gestation. Electron-microscopically, this process appeared
      to take place in the same way as described for red cell destruction elsewhere.
      Light-microscopically, a high acid phosphatase activity could be demonstrated in
      the cells which took part in the process of erythrophagocytosis. Degenerating
      epithelial cells were found, the number of which appeared to increase with the
      stage of gestation. Under the electron microscope, the cytoplasm of these
      degenerating cells appeared to contain a diversity of crystals, myelin-like
      figures and irregular coarse concretions.

PMID- 961356
TI  - A morphological study of the carotid body and the fibre content of carotid nerve
      in the buffalo.
AB  - In the buffalo the carotid body is located in the periarterial connective tissue
      of the occipital artery immediately cranial to the bifurcation of the common
      carotid artery. The carotid body is lobulated and does not appear to contain
      chromaffin tissue. Nerve terminals have been seen in close relation to the glomus
      cells. A quantitative study of the fibre content of the carotid nerve and the
      carotid body has also been made. The myelinated fibres in the carotid nerve range
      from 278 to 473, with a mean of 368 +/- 39 fibres. The histogram of myelinated
      fibres is distinctly unimodal. Of the myelinated fibre population, 55.4% of
      fibres have diameters of 2 mum, 34.1% of 4 mum, 9.5% of 6 mum and 1% have
      diameters of 8 mum. The mean greatest sagittal sectional area of the carotid body
      is 0.58 +/- 0.09 mm2. The mean density (per mm2) of glomus cells is 9,216 +/-
      378. It appears that the organ is highly vascular (473 +/- 56 blood vessels/mm2
      area). The mean size of the glomus cells is 7.85 +/- 0.46 mum X 10.02 +/- 0.64
      mum (short diameter X long diameter), whereas the mean size of their nuclei is
      4.96 +/- 0.19 mum X 5.52 +/- 0.27 mum.

PMID- 961357
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the development of the seminiferous tubule from
      birth to the end of the 1st year].
AB  - The development of the seminiferous tubule in the first year of life was studied
      with the electron microscope in five biopsies of normal testes. When HCG
      stimulation ceases, the fetal Sertoli cell changes into the Sa-Sertoli cell. The
      possibility of the fetal Sertoli cell having a hormone producing role is
      discussed. Gonocytes can be detected until the third month post natum. In
      addition to the gonocytes fetal, transitional, Ap and Ad spermatogonia are also
      present in the first year of life.

PMID- 961358
TI  - The structure of the suprarenal venous system and its possible functional
      significance.
AB  - The structure of the suprarenal venous system of 25 human suprarenal glands has
      been studied. From a structural point of view, four portions of the suprarenal
      vein have been distinguished: the proximal section, the hilus section, the
      section of the prehilus collaterals, and the distal section. In the hilus section
      and the section of the prehilus collaterals, the structure of the tunica media is
      more complex. In the hilus section, spiral fibres are found besides the
      longitudinal muscle fibres. Three strata of fibres can be observed in the section
      of the prehilus collaterals at the point where these veins drain into the central
      vein: two longitudinal strata, external and internal, and a third intermediate
      stratum corresponding to the looped fibres. The spiral and looped fibres, on
      contracting, can function as a sphincter. The longitudinal fibres, by means of
      the traction they exert on the stroma and connective capsule of the suprarenal,
      increase the intraglandular pressure while decreasing the periglandular pressure.
      A sympathetic stimulus provokes an increase in the secretion of adrenalin, and,
      at the same time, a contraction of the muscle fibres of the suprarenal venous
      system. Under these conditions, the venous return makes use of the emissary
      veins; and in this way, the secreted adrenalin establishes a close contact with
      the cortico-suprarenal parenchyma.

PMID- 961359
TI  - Vascular patterns in the chick embryo spinal cord in normal and experimentally
      modified development.
AB  - The development of the vascular patterns of the lumbosacral segments of the chick
      embryo spinal cord has been analyzed in normal as well as in experimental
      conditions, after complete removal of the hind limb primordium. The results
      indicate that in both conditions the development of the vascular network follows
      the time-space sequence of the cytoarchitectural modifications of the cord,
      supporting the view that the vascularization does not exert a morphogenetic
      influence.

PMID- 961360
TI  - Ultrastructure of the neural canal closure in the chicken embryo.
AB  - We have studied the neuroectoderm of the chicken embryo, from the beginning of
      somitic segmentation up to the state at which it has seven somities, i.e. the
      period covering the passage from the 'neural canal' into the 'neural tube'. This
      paper was devoted mainly to the study of the ultrastructural cytodifferentiation
      which takes place during the stages in which the neural canal closes up, and at
      the level of the first area of contact between the 'neural crests'-roughly at the
      level of the third somite. We used eggs from a hen of the White Leghorn breed,
      incubated at 38 degrees C, from which we extracted chicken embryos after 24-30 h
      of incubation, corresponding to Hamburger-Hamilton's stages 7, 8 and 9. Thus we
      were able to obtain several series of embryos with three, six and seven somites.
      The neural canal, or tube, at the level of the third somite, was fixed in
      glutaraldehyde at 6.25% for 30 min and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 2 h
      embedded in Araldite, and the sections were then stained with lead citrate. We
      observed that the vacuoles in the free edge of the neural canal gradually
      disappear as the canal closes up, while we gradually witness the appearance of
      the 'closure apparatus' (or the safety or occlusion apparatus) of what is
      beginning to form the ependymal epithelium, and the first rudimentary outlines of
      the cilia. All these changes begin to be observed at the seven-somite stage, i.e.
      when the neural canal is beginning to close up. The 'closure apparatus' consists
      of a number of intercellular joint complexes, of the 'close-join't type, between
      which we observe a number of fine filaments, like a terminal velum', or veil,
      which we call 'interconnecting filaments'. In the 'raphe', whereby contact is
      established between the neural crests, we observe the initial stages of fusion
      between the vacuolated edges, with the plasmatic membrane of these cells forming
      very fine cytoplasmic 'tongues' which interdigitate with cells from the opposite
      neural crest and finally constitute the so-called close joints.

PMID- 961361
TI  - Influence of cell density of nuclear size in monolayer cells from embryonic mouse
      brains.
AB  - Studies were carried out on the nuclear size of embryonic mouse brain monolayer
      cells at various cell densities. The variation in cell density resulted from
      different initial cell numbers. The nuclear area was measured area-analytically
      with the Quantimet, the determination of cell population was measured linear
      analytically using the Digiscan. Nuclear size remains constant in a cell culture
      of 10(4) up to 8.3 X 10(4) cells ml, which corresponds to a cell density of about
      25-160 cells/unit. A significant diminution in mean nuclear size of the cell
      nucleus occurs in the case of increased cell densities of 215 and 277 cells/unit,
      corresponding to a cell culture of 2.5 X 10(5) AND 7.3 X 10(5) cells ml. This
      diminution may be connected with the accumulation of G1 cell nuclei in cultures
      with contact-dependent growth inhibition.

PMID- 961362
TI  - Correlation between the structure of the wall of the bone lacuna and the
      localization of the osteocyte within this lacuna. Electron-microscopic studies.
AB  - A correlation between the structure of the wall of the bone lacuna and the
      localization of the osteocyte within this lacuna was the object of investigation
      under light and electron microscopes. On the basis of the structural divergences
      detected, the author distinguished zones A and B in the osteocyte situated in the
      lacuna. Zone B is characterized by a parallel, compact system of collagen fibrils
      which form a characteristic ridge in the lacunar wall, a continuous demarcating
      line bordering this wall, the osteocyte cytoplasm in this part lying far from the
      lacuna wall and surrounding the nucleus with a narrow band, and the pericellular
      space which is wide here and containing a large number of mucopolysaccharides.
      This picture may correspond to the area of temporary non-reactivity of the
      osteocyte. Zone A is characterized by a loosened and disordered system of
      collagen fibrils forming the lacunar wall. These fibrils being exposed in this
      place by nature, the demarcating line bordering the lacunar wall is broken in
      some places, the osteocyte cytoplasm is considerably concentrated around the
      nucleus and contains a large number of organelles. It also lies closer to the
      lacunar wall, which results in a decreased width of the pericellular space and a
      diminished mucopolysaccharide content in this part of the lacuna. Structural
      variations in the lacuna wall and its space (zones A and B) observed in the
      images obtained with a normal bone in the light and electron microscopes show
      their immediate dependence on the position of the osteocyte in the lacuna, which
      may be associated with the osteocyte activity. On the other hand, the occurrence
      of significant changes in a definite zone (zone A) of the lacuna only points to
      the oriented character of this activity.

PMID- 961363
TI  - Variations in kidney ultrastructure with a variety of paraformaldehyde fixation
      techniques.
AB  - Variations in fine structure of glomeruli and proximal tubules were studied to
      determine the results of several fixation techniques with paraformaldehyde.
      Immersion fixation techniques generally resulted in poor fixation, while the
      quality of fixation by perfusion was directly related to the concentration of the
      paraformaldehyde. The best technique was fixation by perfusion and immersion in
      3% paraformaldehyde for 2 h followed by a post-fixation in 1% OsO4 for 1 h.
      Intracellular edema was noted in all epithelial, mesangial and proximal tubular
      cells that were from poorly fixed kidneys. Swollen mitochondria and the dilated
      endoplasmic reticulum were common in many of those cells. Mesangial and proximal
      tubular cells were the first to swell. Poor fixation produced the early stages of
      autolysis. The criteria for good paraformaldehyde fixation are discussed.

PMID- 961364
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of thin-layer chromatograms by video-densitometry. I.
      Determiniation of lysine in plant materials.

PMID- 961365
TI  - Effect of whole-body irradiation on the synethesis of ribonucleic acid associated
      with nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles of rat liver.
AB  - Synthesis of the RNA of rat liver nuclear RNP particles ("informofers") was
      studied within 12 hrs after 1930 rad whole-body gamma-irradiation. 14C-orotic
      acid was administratered intravenously and nuclear RNP particles were extracted
      by 0.1 M and by 0.3 M salt solutions at pH 8.0. Radioactivity of the RNP
      particles 1.5--2.0 times higher than that of the unirradiated controls up to 6
      hrs after irradiation, exhibiting a maximum at the first hour. The labelling of
      the 0.3 M RNP particles was higher and chased less rapidly than that of the 0.1 M
      RNP particles. The RNA to protein ratio and the protein composition of the RNP
      the RNP particles did not change after irradiation as examined by CsCl density
      gradient centrifugation and by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. In
      the cytoplasm enhanced synthesis of rapidly labelled RNA sedimenting with 40 S
      cytoplasmic RNP paricles could also be demonstrated after irradiation. It is
      concluded that the synthesis of messenger-type RNA associated with liver nuclear
      RNP particles increases and more RNA is transferred from the nucleus to the
      cytoplasm after whole-body irradiation.

PMID- 961366
TI  - Binding of alkylamines to trypsin as measured by difference spectroscopy.
AB  - The effect of n-propylamine, n-butylamine and n-pentylamine on trypsin at pH 5.4,
      at 25 degrees and 7 degrees C was investigated by the difference spectroscopic
      technique. The difference spectra were found to be similar for all three
      alkylamines tested. The difference between the absorbance minimum near 290 nm and
      the absorbance maximum near 297 nm taken as the measure of perturbation, the
      following values were obtained for the dissociation constant of the enzyme-ligand
      complex as calculated from the dependence of this perturbation upon alkylamine
      concentration at 25 degrees: propylamine, 6.0 X 10(-3) M; butylamine, 3.0 X 10(
      3) M; pentylamine, 4.3 X 10(-4) M; and at 7 degrees: butylamine: 5.6 X 10(-3) M
      the chromophores situated in the active centre. It seems probable that the
      binding of an alkylamine gives rise to a conformational change which results in
      the rotation of Tyr-228 and Trp-215 residues towards the hydrophobic
      surroundings. This dislocation is a part of the minute change that leads to the
      activation of the catalytic site.

PMID- 961367
TI  - Investigation of hydration of macromolecules. II. Studies on poly-(vinyl-alcohol)
      solutions by microwave dielectric method.
AB  - Microwave conductivity and dielectric condstant of poly-(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA)
      solutions of 0--10 per cent were determined at 2--4 GHz frequency in the
      temperature range from 25 degrees C to 35 degrees C. The low-frequency
      conductivities of the solutions were measured at 20 kHz in the same concentration
      and temperature range. Microwave conductivity was proportional to the square of
      frequency, and the axial section extrapolated to zero frequency was higher than
      low-frequency conductivity. This difference in conductivity can probably be
      attributed to the relaxation processes of water molecules interacting directly
      with macromolecules. The relaxation wavelength calculated from the frequency
      dependence of microwave conductivity increased and the dielectric constant of the
      solutions decreased with increasing macromolecular concentration in a linear way.
      The activation energy calculated from its temperature dependence was 4.0 +/- 1.0
      kcal/mol. The products of self-diffusion coefficient and macroviscosity were
      compared with that of self-diffusion coefficient and microviscosity calculated
      from relaxation wavelength. From this the conclusion can be drawn that the self
      diffusion of water is influenced by the concentration dependent microviscosity.
      The hydration numbers calculated by different methods give divergen results the
      discussion of which requires further investigations.

PMID- 961368
TI  - Comparison of the redox states of different tissues and the types of
      acetylcholine effect.
AB  - By simultaneous recording of myograms, cardiomyograms and tissue redox state
      potentials (RSP) it was established that in tissues with higher RSP levels (+170
      mV or more; rectus muscle, smooth muscle of the stomach) acetylcholine (Ach)
      exerted a depolarizing type of action, while in the frog heart ventricle (with
      RSP values lower than +170 mV) the mediator triggered a hyperpolarizing type Ach
      effect. Since following an appropriate adjustment of RSP values by exogenous
      redox agents the depolarizing and/or hyperpolarizing Ach effects can be modelled
      on any organs, independently of the original type of effect of Ach, it may be
      assumed that the existing redox state plays an important role in the
      determination of the depolarizing and/or hyperpolarizing effect of Ach.

PMID- 961369
TI  - Determination of methionine and tryptophan in plant materials: quantitative
      evaluation of thin-layer chromatograms by highspeed video-densitometry.

PMID- 961370
TI  - [Can EEG contribute to the diagnosis of bilateral thrombosis of the carotid
      artery? (author's transl)].
AB  - The EEG of 48 patients suffering from either an unilateral or a bilateral
      thrombosis of the carotid artery are compared, and the most discriminative data
      of the recordings in these two conditions are stressed.

PMID- 961371
TI  - The syndrome of the posterior retroparotid space.
AB  - A case of Villaret's syndrome, possibly secondary to herpes zoster, is presented.
      The topography of the lesion in this rare disease is discussed as well as the
      differential diagnosis.

PMID- 961372
TI  - [Pathological and biochemical studies on a neonatal case of argininosuccinic
      aciduria (author's transl)].
AB  - A newborn infant affected by argininosuccinic aciduria was treated with a
      hypoproteinaemic diet and survived up to the age of three months. Post mortem
      biochemical studies have confirmed the absence of argininosuccinase activity in
      kidney, liver and brain and a marked storage of argininosuccinic acid in the
      brain. The histological study of the central nervous system shows no Alzheimer
      type II cells; there is neither demyelination nor spongiosis. Such results are
      totally different from those recorded in untreated cases; they represent very
      likely the effects of the diet which has controlled the hyperammoniaemia and
      prevented a deficiency of arginine.

PMID- 961373
TI  - [Changes of motor innervation in myasthenic muscles in relation to age (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The motor innervation in muscle biopsies from 45 myasthenic patients was studied
      by intravital staining with methylene blue. The enzymatic pattern and fibre type
      distribution was analysed in 12 cases. Quantitative data including the proportion
      of elongated motor endings and the terminal innervation ratio (TIR) of motor
      axons, were compared to histochemical data and to clinical data including age of
      patients. The incidence of elongated motor endings tends to be greater in younger
      patients, whereas an increased collateral ramification of motor axons occurs only
      after the age of 50. Small type III fibers suggesting denervation are also found
      in elderly patients only. The significance of these morphological differences in
      relation to age is discussed.

PMID- 961374
TI  - [Neuropsychological aspect of normal pressure hydrocephalus (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report ten cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus treated by
      ventricular drainage. They pay particular attention to the neuropsychological and
      psychometric aspects and endeavour to identify the most characteristic
      nosological features by comparing their own clinical observations with those
      reported in the literature.

PMID- 961375
TI  - Neuropathological aspects of dementias resulting from abnormal blood and
      cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.
AB  - In a large autopsy series of elderly individuals, organic dementia was attributed
      to (pre-) senile atrophy in 52.8%, to cerebrovascular disease in 22.5%, while
      13.6% were of mixed senile and vascular origin, and 1.3% showed communicating
      hydrocephalus with meningopathies or were of undetermined origin. A survey is
      given of the morphological criteria of dementia resulting from disorders of
      cerebral blood supply and CSF circulation. The anatomic basis of vascular
      dementias are: atherosclerotic encephalopathy with lacunar state or multiple
      infarcts; granular cortical atrophy resulting from local microcirculation
      disorders; hypertensive cerebrovascular disease with the common "mixed" cortico
      subcortical type, and the rare Binswanger's subcortical type. Atypical cerebral
      hemorrhage in old individuals rather results from congophilic (amyloid)
      angiopathy than from hypertensive arteriosclerosis. Multiple infarct dementia may
      also result from thrombotic microangiopathy, thromboembolic disease or cerebral
      vasculitides. The anatomical features of dementia associated with communicating
      "normal-pressure" hydrocephalus (NPH) are meningopathy at the basis or on the
      convexity, and fibrosis of the choroid plexus and/or arachnoid villi of post
      inflammatory or undetermined origin, and other non-specific changes
      (periventricular gliosis). This condition is also associated with hypertensive
      cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Cerebral biopsies in NPH as well
      as in other types of hydrocephalus show enlarged extracellular spaces with
      otherwise normal neuropil probably resulting from increased transcapillary
      filtration. In some cases of "idiopathic" NPH no causative anatomical changes are
      found. The relationship between cerebral tissue changes, abnormal blood and CSF
      dynamics in these conditions remains to be clarified.

PMID- 961376
TI  - Regressive language in severe head injury.
AB  - In a follow-up study of 50 patients with severe head injuries three patients had
      echolalia. One patient with initially global aphasia had echolalia for some weeks
      when he started talking. Another patient with severe diffuse brain damage,
      dementia, and emotional regression had echolalia. The dysfunction was considered
      a detour performance. In the third patient echolalia and palilalia were details
      in a total pattern of regression lasting for months. The patient, who had
      extensive frontal atrophy secondary to a very severe head trauma, presented an
      extreme state of regression returning to a foetal-body pattern and behaving like
      a baby.

PMID- 961377
TI  - In vitro polarographic studies of rat brain oxygen uptake in simulated uraemia
      and hepatic coma.
AB  - A polarographic technique has been used to study the oxygen uptake of rat brain
      homogenates incubated with metabolites known to accumulate in uraemia and hepatic
      coma. In general, results with individual metabolites were in agreement with
      those previously obtained with brain slices using the Warburg technique.
      Inhibition was induced at higher concentrations with urea, creatine,
      indoxysulphate, guanidine, dimethylamine hydrochloride, ammonium chloride,
      taurocholate, glycodeoxycholate, sodium deoxycholate, skalote and indole. Serum
      and ultrafiltrate from drowsy uraemic patients also caused inhibition, and this
      was reversed by renal dialysis. Similarly serum and ultrafiltrate from patients
      in hepatic coma inhibited oxygen uptake but in this instance reversal of the
      inhibition was not demonstrated following exchange blood transfusion to the
      patients.

PMID- 961378
TI  - F-wave velocity in motor neurone disease.
AB  - The F-wave velocity in the central segment (axilla to spinal cord) was studied
      employing the "collison technique" described by Kimura (1974), and compared with
      the conduction velocity obtained with the usual methods. In 25 normal subjects
      the F-wave velocity increased proceeding proximally, reaching the maximum values
      in the central tract (64.86 +/- 2.23 m/sec in ulnar nerve). In 11 patients
      affected by motor neurone disease and 11 patients affected by amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis the F-wave velocity decreased significantly proceeding proximally and
      the minimum values were found in the central tract (52.51 +/- 2.15 m/sec in MND
      and 48.64 +/- 5.60 m/sec in ALS). We therefore suggest the use of F-wave velocity
      as a more complete element for precise localization of the lesion in the central
      segment when the motoneurone is primarily involved.

PMID- 961379
TI  - Diazepam: intravenous infusion in the treatment of status epilepticus.
AB  - As the anticonvulsant plasma level of diazepam (DZP) after intravenous injection
      is maintained only for a short period, it is profitable to administer DZP as an
      intravenous infusion. It has, however, been claimed that DZP cannot be mixed with
      dextrose injection as DZP would precipitate. As this is in contrast to our
      clinical experience we added DZP of various brands to dextrose injections. A
      precipitate was in fact found in dextrose injections containing Valium and
      Stesolid whereas Diazepam A.L. was not only slightly cloudy. The concentration of
      DZP was, however, the same in all the samples and corresponded to the calculated
      concentration. The precipitate in the solutions with Valium and Stesolid which
      did not pass the filter must therefore be due to additives, most probably
      benzoates. On the basis of these findings and our clinical experience of this
      mode of administration we recommend the infusion method as one of the most
      effective in the acute treatment of status epilepticus.

PMID- 961380
TI  - Selenium, vitamin E and copper in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - There has been accumulation of the nutritional muscular dystrophy of the cattle
      in a certain western district of Finland where the prevalence of multiple
      sclerosis (MS) is also highest. This animal disease is due to lack of selenium
      (Se) and vitamin E. The Se content of whole blood was low (52.6 +/- 11.3 ng/ml)
      in MS patients from this high-risk area compared to the controls (68.8 +/- 11.0).
      The data for serum failed to confirm this tendency. All Se values appeared to be
      lower than international values suggested. The values for both vitamin E and
      copper were within the international normal range.

PMID- 961381
TI  - Neurofibrillary degeneration induced by systemic aluminum.
AB  - Neurofibrillary degeneration was induced in brain of rabbits by repeated,
      subcutaneous administration of soluble aluminum salts. Atomic absorption
      spectroscopy showed brain aluminum levels to increase from 1.1+/0.3mug/g (dry
      weight) in uninjected animals to concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 47.9 mug/g
      (dry weight). The Bielschowski silver stain revealed intracellular, argentophilic
      deposits, which were birefringent when stained with Congo red and viewed in
      polarized light. The histochemical stain morin revealed aluminum to be
      concentrated on nuclear chromatin. Analysis by electron microscopy showed the
      intra-neuronal deposits to be composed of accumulations of 100 A diameter
      filaments. These observations indicate that systemic aluminum crosses an
      apparently intact blood-brain barrier and induces neurofibrillary degeneration
      identical to that following direct brain injection.

PMID- 961382
TI  - Increased permeability of cerebral vessels to horseradish peroxidase induced by
      ischemia in Mongolian Gerbils.
AB  - Cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left common carotic artery in
      adult Mongolian gerbils. The period of occlusion was 3, 6, or 18 h. Horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) was intravenously injected in animals with clear neurological
      signs 1 h release of the clip. The HRP was allowed to circulate for 5 min.
      Fixation was carried out by perfusion with aldehydes. Tissue, incubated for
      peroxidatic activity, from the left side of the brain was treated for electron
      microscopy. During the postischemic period enhanced permeability was demonstrated
      in the brains of all animals. The amount of HRP transferred into the neuropil
      depended on the duration of ischemia. Thus the gerbils with 18 h occlusion showed
      the greatest content. The cells comprising the neuropil adjacent to vessels were
      studied and the degree of the pathological changes described below was increased
      proportionally to the time period of occlusion. The intercellular spaces, often
      filled with peroxidase, were expanded and the astrocytes swollen, especially the
      endfeet. Sometimes the astrocytes were pervious to HRP. The neurons were also
      swollen, but to a lesser degree than the astrocytes. No endothelial cell damage
      was observed. Even 18 h of occlusion did not change the plasma membranes. The
      intercellular spaces were free of HRP from the first luminal to the first
      abluminal tight junction. The cytoplasm exhibited HRP-containing vesicles of
      various types and shapes. Some were freely situated; others were connected to the
      plasma membrane and then open to the vessel lumen or to the basement membrane.
      Since no cell damage was demonstrated, and since no HRP was diffusely dispersed
      in the cytoplasm it is assumed that vesicles are responsible for the enhancement
      of the vesicular transport that normally occurs after intravenous injection of
      HRP.

PMID- 961383
TI  - Reversible blood-brain barrier dysfunction to peroxidase after a small stab wound
      in the rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - Small stab wounds were made in the rat frontal lobe. The animals were injected
      with horseradish peroxidase intravenously at different times after the injury in
      order to study the extravasation of this tracer. There was a leakage of
      peroxidase into the brain during the first 3 days after the injury. The route of
      passage from the vessel lumen into the brain was through disrupted blood vessels
      in the injured region. Endothelial pinocytosis and formation of thin, trans
      endothelial channel-like structures with or without a content of peroxidase were
      two other possible routes of passage across the blood vessels. Occasionally,
      badly damaged endothelial cells displayed a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution of
      peroxidase, indication a diffusion into and possibly across these injured cells.
      No widened tight junctions were seen. Thus, this study indicated four possible
      routes of passage of horseradish peroxidase across the endothelial cells:
      cellular gross damage with disrupture of the cells, diffusion across badly
      injured endothelial cells, possibly pinocytosis and formation of trans
      endothelial channel-like structures. The cellular uptake of the tracer was
      vesicular in most neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and hematogeneous
      phagocytes. However, a diffuse distribution of the tracer was seen in some "dark"
      neurons near leaking vessels in the vicinity of the stab wound.

PMID- 961384
TI  - Experimental herpes simplex virus infection in the immature mouse brain.
AB  - Mice of different ages during the postnatal development were injected
      intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus, type 1. Ultrastructurally, virus
      particles were demonstrated in the undiffereniated neuroectodermal cells of the
      subventricular zone and in the external layer of the cerebellum. Virus particles
      were also seen in endothelial cells of immature animals. The virus gave rise to
      an acute infection; which caused more extensive necrosis and bleeding in the
      cerebrum and cerebellum of the immature than the older mice.

PMID- 961385
TI  - Third ventricular chromophobe adenoma with normal adenohypophysis.
AB  - An unusual case of chromophobe adenoma occurring in the third ventricle is
      reported. Ventriculography revealed a filling defect in the third ventricle and
      at autopsy the tumour was found in the posterior part of the third ventricle. No
      tumour was detected in the pituitary gland.

PMID- 961386
TI  - Malignant meningioma with liver metastases and hypoglycaemia. A case report.
AB  - The history, clinical course and pathological findings are reported of a patient
      who developed a recurring, malignant meningioma. Widespread extracranial
      metastases occurred, particularly in the liver. Hypoglycaemia was a prominent
      feature during the late course of the disease. The influence of the histological
      type of meningioma and the effects of surgical interventions on the development
      of extracranial metastases are discussed together with the relationship of the
      tumour to hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 961387
TI  - Osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb. The concept of monoarticular
      reconstruction.
AB  - Osteoarthritic affection of the base of the thumb involving 148 hands has been
      studied. Isolated osteoarthritis of the trapezio-metacarpal joint was found to be
      the largest group including a total of 111 hands. Reconstruction of this
      particular joint by a new technique is described and long-term results reported.
      A small series of isolated osteoarthritis of the trapezio-scaphoid joint is
      presented and reconstruction by replacing the affected articular surface of the
      carpal scaphoid is described. Osteoarthritic involvement of more than one of the
      articular surfaces of the trapezium was found in a group of 31 hands. In all of
      them the trapezio-metacarpal joint was predominantly affected. The rationale for
      monoarticular reconstruction of the trapezio-metacarpal joint, regardless of the
      extent of involvement, is discussed in detail.

PMID- 961388
TI  - Intraosseous neurofibroma of the clavicle.

PMID- 961389
TI  - Synovial chondromatosis of the inferior radio-ulnar joint.

PMID- 961390
TI  - Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. A follow-up with particular
      reference to late results after severely displaced fractures.
AB  - A follow-up of 73 cases out of a 10-year material of 90 children with
      supracondylar fractures of the humerus is described. Forty-three children had
      fractures with gross displacement, whereas 30 children had undisplaced or
      slightly displaced fractures. This last group all achieved excellent results
      after simple conservative treatment. Twenty-three cases among the group with
      severe displacement were treated with vertical extension, 17 cases with one or
      more attempts at manipulative reduction and plaster fixation, and three with
      operation using Kirschner wires. The functional results were approximately the
      same in the first two groups and were satisfactory in 85-100%. The results with
      varus derformity were better in the group treated by extension (82% as opposed to
      50% in the group treated by manual reposition). We conclude that extension in a
      vertical direction is the most suitable method of treatment of these often
      severely displaced fractures.

PMID- 961391
TI  - A study of painful shoulder in welders.
AB  - By means of clinical examination, soft tissue radiography and quantitative
      electromyography, the effect of heavy industrial work was evaluated on welders at
      a shipyard. The study revealed that the older workers with shoulder pain have a
      chronic tendinitis of the rotator cuff. The supraspinatus muscle was shown to be
      consistently fatigued during overhead welding. It is believed that this is an
      important factor in the aetiology of the shoulder pain commonly occurring in
      older welders.

PMID- 961392
TI  - Intraspinal tumours in the first two decades of life. Clinical and radiological
      features.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with spinal tumours (11 malignant and 17 benign) detected
      in their first two decades of life have been reviewed. Twenty-six of the 28
      patients had neurological disturbances, and a significant difference in the
      duration of debut symptoms in the benign and malignant groups could be
      demonstrated. X-ray survey was positive in 11 cases in the benign group and in
      three cases in the malignant group.

PMID- 961393
TI  - Operative treatment of scoliosis with the Harrington instrumentation technique.
AB  - Preliminary results of treatment of scoliosis with the Harrington instrumentation
      technique in 80 patients are presented. The curve correction at operation
      averaged 43.4% with the best results being achieved in idiopathic single curves
      (49.3%). Most of the patients had been treated conservatively for a long time
      prior to operation, and the curves were rather stiff. The initial loss of
      correction was 3.2 degrees, and the overall loss at 2 years postoperatively
      averaged 6.5 degrees in 28 patients. Complications occurred in 22.5% of the
      patients, most often at the upper hook site. Serious complications were rare. It
      is concluded that the Harrington instrumentation technique is an effective means
      of treatment of scoliosis.

PMID- 961394
TI  - The CE angle of normal hips.
AB  - The Center-Edge angle (CE angle) of Wiberg was measured in normal hips in
      patients between 8 and 75 years of age. Males and females were recorded
      separately. Means and standard deviations are presented here. The angle increased
      with growth up to adult age, and then only slowly. In children only values below
      15 degrees can be classified as abnormal.

PMID- 961395
TI  - Compression and the osteotomy gap.
AB  - The existence of a clearly visible osteotomy gap by optimal roentgenography even
      in cases where high compression had been applied is exemplified. One case of
      fracture of the osteosynthesis material used in a medial displacement osteotomy
      is illustrated. It is suggested that this and similar accidents are sometimes
      consequences of imperfect surface contact at the operation, visible only by
      central beam radiography.

PMID- 961396
TI  - Pertrochanteric fractures of the femur treated with a Kuntscher trochanter nail.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with pertrochanteric fractures were treated with the
      Kuntscher trochanter nail. Six were males and 33 females. Their mean age was 76
      years. Excellent or good results of treatment were recorded in 25 cases, and good
      union of the fracture was noted in 19 patients within 4 months and in 15 cases as
      early as 2 months after the operation. The primary mortality rate was of the same
      order as with other methods of nailing, 15% in this series. The operation is easy
      and short, and is suitable at least for stable pertrochanteric fractures of
      elderly patients.

PMID- 961397
TI  - A new design of the Christiansen endoprosthesis. Report of two cases in which
      separation of the two components of the prosthetic head occurred.
AB  - Primary prosthetic replacement in elderly patients with displaced intracapsular
      fracture of the femoral neck has been used during the last few years with
      encouraging early results. The prosthetic device preferred has been
      Christiansen's endoprosthesis. During the past year a new type with separable
      plastic head and metallic cap has been used. This modification has resulted in
      the occurrence of a previously unknown complication, a separation of these two
      parts, necessitating reoperation and insertion of a new head piece. The possible
      mechanisms causing this separation are discussed.

PMID- 961398
TI  - Congenital bifid femur.
AB  - Two identical and unusual cases of congenital bifid femur are described. Both
      cases were successfully rehabilitated after simple surgery and the fitting of a
      suitable prosthesis. The patients are now able to walk without any form of
      external support.

PMID- 961399
TI  - Experience with knee synovectomy in Norwich, 1964-1973.
AB  - Thirty-six patients (43 knees) who underwent anterior synovectomy for rheumatoid
      disease between 1964 and 1973 have been personaly reviewed. The notes and X-rays
      of a further seven patients (10 knees) have been examined. Twenty-five per cent
      of the knees were failures at the time of review, but only two were failures from
      the outset. The indications for the operation and also the contraindications are
      described and evaluated. It is concluded that: 1. In the rheumatoid knee,
      anterior synovectomy is a pain relieving operation. 2. The indications are wider
      than classically stated, and can include knees with full thickness cartilage
      destruction, and flexion deformities up to 20 degrees. 3. The majority of knees
      fail because of secondary degenerative change, and this is manifested by pain
      rather than stiffness. 4. Postoperative manipulation does not prejudice the final
      result. 5. Associated popliteal cysts (five in this series) can be cured by
      anterior synovectomy.

PMID- 961400
TI  - Cryptococcosis (torulosis, European blastomycosis) of the knee joint. A case
      report with review of the literature.

PMID- 961401
TI  - Patellectomy after fracture. Long-term follow-up results with special reference
      to functional disability.
AB  - Twenty-eight out of a group of 38 patients, who had undergone a patellectomy
      during the period 1950-70, were investigated clinically and radiologically. The
      results were compared with the subjective symptoms of the patients to see if
      there was a correlation. The follow-up period was 7.4 years on average. A good
      subjective result was reported by only six patients. The predominant subjective
      symptoms were weakness of the limb and pain on movement and/or exertion. The most
      usual findings were atrophy of the quadriceps muscle, crepitation, and palpation
      tenderness. The muscular power of the quadriceps was found to be greater than or
      equal to 75 per cent of the power of the intact knee in only seven cases (25 per
      cent).

PMID- 961402
TI  - Fractures of the tibia in children.
AB  - A total of 102 children, aged 1-15 years, treated for fissures, infractions, and
      fractures of the tibia were studied to elucidate the influence of age, type of
      fracture, and mechanism of trauma upon the course of union. In addition, an
      assessment was made of the possibilities the child has of correcting deformities
      of the diaphysis during continued growth. Eight-five of the children were
      followed up clinically and radiologically. The time taken for union to occur
      increased with increasing age. The "high energy" injuries were found to be more
      apt to cause transverse and comminuted fractures, with injury to the skin, than
      the "low energy" fractures. At the time of union, 25 patients had angular
      deformities. The mean correction of this deformity up to the time of follow-up
      was only 10 per cent. The tendency to correct the deformity ceased 18 months
      after the accident, and was independent of the child's age at the time of the
      accident.

PMID- 961403
TI  - Conservative treatment to Achilles tendon rupture. A follow-up study of 14 cases.
AB  - A follow-up study of 14 patients with Achilles tendon rupture is reported. The
      patients were treated by conservative methods, i.e. with immobilization in a
      plaster cast for 8 weeks with the foot in the relaxed equinus position. Solid
      healing of the tendon was obtained in 13 cases. As assessed by the patients, the
      end result was unsatisfactory in two, fairly satisfactory in one and fully
      satisfactory in 11 cases.

PMID- 961404
TI  - Conservative treatment of fresh subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon.

PMID- 961405
TI  - Decompression with the aid of insoles in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic
      ulcers.
AB  - Thirty-seven out of 38 neuropathic ulcers in 21 diabetic patients healed during
      relief of external pressure obtained by properly fitted interchangeable insoles.
      The time required for healing was 1 to 12 months (mean 3.6 months). The presence
      of mild occlussive arterial disease did not influence the course of healing.
      Gross infection, which occurred in eight patients could be controlled by
      immobilization, antibiotics and, in the presence of pus, by radical surgical
      drainage.

PMID- 961406
TI  - Bone mineral losses in alcoholics.
AB  - Bone mineral measurements were performed at five skeletal sites in seven
      alcoholics. The mean annual loss of bone mineral in alcoholics was about 2 per
      cent higher than that of controls.

PMID- 961407
TI  - Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in small intestinal biopsies from children with
      diarrhoea.
AB  - We have investigated small intestinal biopsies from children with coeliac
      disease, acute gastroenteritis, failure to thrive and giardiasis, to find out if
      a high intraepithelial lymphocyte count is a feature specific to coeliac disease,
      or whether it is always associated with partial or subtotal villous atrophy. The
      results indicate that the normal range for childrens' intraepithelial lymphocyte
      counts is similar to that for adults (around 6-40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial
      cells); that counts are high in coeliac disease, but also in some children with
      giardiasis or with failure to thrive in whom the jejunal biopsy appears otherwise
      normal; and that intraepithelial lymphocyte counts are normal in acute
      gastroenteritis even when there is partial villous atrophy with increased lamina
      propria lymphoid cell infiltrate. Thus, this measurement of small intestinal
      lymphocyte infiltration may be of diagnostic value is differentiating the
      diarrhoea of food intolerance from infectious diarrhoeas in young children.

PMID- 961408
TI  - Growth hormone and somatomedin A in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - Girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are taller than nonscoliotic girls of
      the same age. This observation may be related to factors regulating longitudinal
      growth. Plasma growth hormone was determined in a group of scoliotic girls by
      double antibody radioimmunoassay under the following conditions: 1) Insulin
      induced hypoglycemia, 2) glucose tolerance test, 3) exercise. Somatomedin A was
      determined by a method based on the ability of serum to stimulate the
      incorporation of radioactive sulphate in embryonic chick cartilage. The results
      were compared with those obtained in a control group of healthy nonscoliotic
      girls of comparable age. After overnight fasting and after at least one hour's
      rest the basal growth hormone level was 9.8+/-11.1 (+/-S.D.) ng/ml in the
      scoliotic girls (n=48) and 2.2+/-1.1 ng/ml in the controls (n=15). This
      difference is significant. In the hypoglycemia test the peak growth hormone level
      tended to be higher in the scoliotic girls but the difference is not significant.
      In the exercise test the maximal value was reached at different times in the two
      groups: at 20 min after start of the exercise in the scoliotic girls (n=14,
      17.3+/-11.8 ng/ml) and at 40 min in the controls (n=9, 16.0+/-6.6 ng/ml). In the
      glucose tolerance test the growth hormone level was suppressed in both groups but
      the mean values tended to be higher during the first 120 min in the scoliotic
      girls. The serum somatomedin levels were higher in the group of scoliotic girls
      (n=19, 1.13+/-0.17 U/ml) than in the controls (n=14, 0.88+/-0.16 U/ml) and the
      difference is significant. The results obtained are difficult to interpret but
      suggest that growth hormone secretion is higher in girls with adolescent
      idiopathic scoliosis than in healthy girls of comparable age.

PMID- 961409
TI  - Blood flow and venous distensibility in the upper and lower extremities of
      newborn infants.
AB  - The electrocapacitance plethysmograph was utilized to measure peripheral blood
      flow and venous distensibility in 17 newborn infants and 20 adults. Measurements
      were made in the upper and lower extremities in each subject under identical
      environmental conditions. Blood flow in the forearm and calf were found to be
      significantly higher in infants than adults. In infants there were no significant
      differences in the blood flow between the upper and lower extremities. In
      contrast, in the adults, the blood flow was significantly higher in the upper
      than in the lower extremities. Similarly, venous distensibility was observed to
      be higher in infants than in adults. While no significant differences were
      observed in the venous distensibility between the upper and lower extremities in
      infants, the venous distensibility was found to be higher in the forearm than in
      the leg in adults.

PMID- 961410
TI  - Significance of obstetric factors in prognosis of low  birthweight children.
AB  - Obstetric factors were studied in an unselected series of mothers of LBW-children
      and compared with those in a corresponding control series. Both groups consisted
      of 161 women with single pregnancies and 16 with twin pregnancies. Of the 188 LBW
      children, 14% were twins. Of the single infants, 42% were appropriate for
      gestational age (AGA), i.e. within the 10th to 90th percentile according to
      Swedish curves for intrauterine growth, and 58% small for gestational age (SGA).
      The commonest causes of low birthweight (LBW) in the AGA-group were bleeding
      (34%) and premature rupture of the membranes (28%). In the SGA-group toxaemia was
      found in 15%, but in 50% of the SGA-group no cause of LBW was demonstrable. In
      this latter group the average placental weight was low. The mortality was noted
      and 89% of the living children were examined neurologically at 5 years of age.
      The prognosis of the child depended on the duration of pregnancy. Bleeding during
      pregnancy was a prognostically unfavourable sign, but even serious bleeding
      complications did not exclude a normal development of the child. The prognosis
      was best for those infants in whom no cause of LBW was demonstrable.

PMID- 961411
TI  - Atopic allergy and immunoglobulins in children with adenoids and recurrent otitis
      media.
AB  - From 274 adenoidectomized children 1-16 years of age two groups were selected:
      children with a history of recurrent otitis media and/or otosalpingitis (middle
      ear effusion) and those in which nasal obstruction was the main symptom. In all,
      154 children were subjected to an allergy investigation including history, skin
      tests, eye tests, determination of IgE and RAST, blood eosinophils and
      immunoglobulins G, A and M. No increased incidence of immunoglobulin deficiency
      was found in either group in comparison with unselected children. A family
      history of atopic disease and/or otitis media was highly overrepresented,
      especially in the children with recurrent otitis media as the reason for the
      adenoidectomy. Atopic diseases had occurred in 24.4% of the children.
      Furthermore, in both groups there was a high incidence of positive skin and eye
      tests. An increased incidence of eosinophila, positive RAST tests and elevated
      IgE levels were also found. In all, 39.6% of the children had two or more
      laboratory findings characteristic of the atopic state but no significant
      difference was found between the two groups. Possible connections between atopic
      allergy and recurrent otitis media are discussed.

PMID- 961412
TI  - Stool bacterial aerobic overgrowth in the small intestine of children with acute
      diarrhoea.
AB  - The aerobic flora of 2 groups of children (normal and with malnutrition) with
      acute diarrhoea was studied, by intubation of the upper and middle small
      intestine and by stool culture. All the 27 children studied presented bacterial
      concentrations of 10(5) germs/ml at one or both levels studied. In 9 cases
      enteropathogen bacteria e were isolated from stools, and in 6 of these they were
      also found in the small intestine. The results show the elevated incidence of
      overgrowth of the small intestinal aerobic flora in children with acute
      diarrhoea. This fact is mentioned as another etiological factor to be taken into
      consideration in this pathology.

PMID- 961413
TI  - Epidemiology of Cornelia de Lange's syndrome.
AB  - A prevalence investigation of Cornelia de Lange's syndrome in Denmark is
      presented. The patients were traced by screening all institutional mentally
      retarded patients, patients in schools and kindergartens for imbecile patients
      and finally by getting information on Cornelia de Lange patients known to
      pediatric departments. In this way 24 patients, 10 men and 14 women, were found.
      This amounts to a population prevalence of 0.5/100 000. Clinical data, histories
      of the patients and genealogical data are presented by means of tables. The
      eldest patient was 49 years old, but 75% of the patients were younger than 20
      years. Two of the probands were sibs. Another 2 sibs were registered as mentally
      retarded without specific syndromes. One case of consanguinity among parents was
      found. The mode of ascertainment is discussed and it is concluded that the
      present investigation presents a minimum prevalence figure. Four patients are
      presented who for various reasons were not available during the prevalence
      investigation proper. A prevalence figure of 0.6/100 000 is found if these 4
      patients are included in the calculations. One of the last mentioned patients
      represented a familial case. The patient in question was a girl with a younger
      half-brother, the mother in common, both children being very typical cases of
      Cornella de Lange's syndrome.

PMID- 961414
TI  - Intestinal enterokinase deficiency.
AB  - Deficiency of intestinal enterokinase results in failure to thrive, diarrhoea,
      anaemia, hypoproteinaemia and oedema. A case arising in the neonatal period is
      described, in which several of the characteristic features were lacking.
      Difficulties encountered in the diagnosis and methods of assay are discussed.

PMID- 961415
TI  - Cells containing Langerhans cell granules in human lymph nodes of "atypical
      hyperplasia" with fatal outcome and leukemic reticuloendotheliosis.
AB  - Langerhans cell granules could be found in atypical histiocytes in lymph nodes of
      three patients with "atypical hyperplasia" with fatal outcome and one patient
      with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. These atypical histiocytes might be derived
      from immature mesenchymal cells in lymph nodes and the Langerhans cell granules
      might be induced in these cells by a particular condition. Only one of the
      Langerhans cell granules seemingly associated with the plasma membrane could be
      observed in these atypical histiocytes and all of the granules were seen within
      the cytoplasm. Quite a number of Langerhans cell granules were located near the
      Golgi apparatus. Several atypical granules very similar to the Langerhans cell
      granules could also be observed in these atypical histiocytes. These Langerhans
      cell granules were assumed to be directly derived from the Golgi apparatus and/or
      derived from the atypical granules which were secreted from the Golgi apparatus.
      The relationship between the Langerhans cell granules and the microtubules must
      also be considered, because Langerhans cell granules were found near the
      centrioles and microtubules.

PMID- 961416
TI  - Accelerated serum sickness in the rabbit. III. Histopathological study of the
      development of tissue injuries of the heart.
AB  - Histiological analysis was performed on the lesions of the coronary artery and
      myocardium in accelerated serum sickness of the rabbit. Angiitis was seen to
      occur on the arterioles in the myocardium and was characterized by fibrinoid
      necrosis of the media with monocyte accumulation. Myocarditis was observed to be
      rather prominent in the right ventricle, where monocyte accumulation was
      associated with scattered degeneration or necrosis of myofibrils. In both
      lesions, the localization of antigen could hardly be detected in the inflammatory
      foci, suggesting the irrelevancy between the development of the tissue damages
      and the permanent deposition of immune complexes. Monocytes were seen to
      participate in the repair of the tissue injury.

PMID- 961417
TI  - An inhibitory effect of salivary gland extirpation on the induction of mammary
      tumors in rats by N,N'-2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide.
AB  - N,N'2-2,7-Flourenylenebisacetamide (2.7-FAA) was administered orally to 34
      female, strain AXC/I rats. Nineteen were pretreated with the extirpation of the
      salivary glands. The remaining 15 rats received no surgical treatment. Six of
      these 15 unoperated rats developed mammary carcinomas and seven developed tumors
      at other sites, whereas none of 19 operated rats had mammary tumors but 8 rats
      had tumors at other sites. No tumor developed in 4 operated control rats that
      were on normal diet. The results demonstrate that pretreatment with extirpation
      of the salivary glands inhibited mammary tumor induction in rats by 2,7-FAA
      although it did not inhibit induction of other type tumors. The mechanism by
      which induction of mammary tumors was inhibited is not clear. Ovarian atrophy and
      hepatic necrosis were observed in both operated and unoperated rats ingesting 2,7
      FAA but did not seem to affect carcinogenesis by the carcinogen. Lower body
      weight was observed in operated rats but it is not considered to be the major
      cause of a complete inhibition of mammary tumor induction.

PMID- 961418
TI  - Pathological study on amyloidosis--the fine structure of amyloid-laden liver as
      revealed by freeze-etching.
AB  - Amyloid in freeze-etched specimen of liver of mice receiving subcutaneous in
      sodium caseinate was studied morphologically. The convex surface and cross
      surface of amyloid nodule were noted. The three dimentional structure of the
      amyloid fibrils which showed felt-like structure, globular profiles among amyloid
      fibrils and amyloid bundles were clearly visible. Amyloid bundles enveloped by
      the cytoplasmic membrane of the Kupffer cell projected from the deeply concave
      surface of the cytoplasmic membrane into the Disse's space and showed the
      appearance of ston-column-like structure. The amyloid bundles projecting from the
      invaginated cytoplasmic membrane were closely in contact with the cytoplasmic
      membrane and deeply rooted in the cytoplasm of the Kupffer cell.

PMID- 961419
TI  - Synaptic ribbon in the human pinealocyte.
AB  - An electron microscopic study of a pineal gland which had been obtained from a 3
      year-old girl at autopsy revealed the presence of synaptic ribbon in it. Namely,
      in some parenchymal cells observed, synaptic ribbons, each of which was ca. 700
      nm in length and with synaptic vesicles of up to 60 nm in diameter gathering on
      the surface, were found in the cytoplasmic area adjacent to the cell membrane.
      The substructure of the synaptic ribbon, i.e., parallel striae running inside
      along the longitudinal direction, was definitely observed. There is a hypothesis
      which has been almost accepted that the mammalian pinealocyte is homologous to
      the photoreceptor cell of the pineal organ in lower animals, and one of the
      morphological evidences which supports this speculation is the presence of
      sensory cell elements in both. Since, this kind of work has been hardly done with
      human materials, the above finding may offer a meaningful information which
      discloses a part of the real function of the pineal gland in man.

PMID- 961420
TI  - An autopsy case of liposarcoma with granulocytic leukemoid reaction.
AB  - A 57-year-old female with a large retroperitoneal tumor was atutopsied. She
      showed through the entire course of illness marked leukocytosis with the
      appearance of immature marrow cells, and this finding was hematologically
      interpreted as granulocytic leukemoid reaction. An intermittent pyrexia was also
      seen without infective etiology. The histologic diagnosis of the tumor was
      liposarcoma of the pleomorphic type. The tumor showed extensive necrosis, but no
      metastatic invasion was found. So-called leukemoid reaction appears sometimes
      together with malignant neoplasms. The majority of these tumors show widespread
      bone marrow metastases, and without bone marrow invasion they only rarely induce
      this reaction. Besides it is not common for leukemoid reaction to be evoked by
      the development of malignant mesenchymal tumors except for malignant lymphomas.
      The pathophysiologic process of the present of the present case is thought to be
      a rare occurrence.

PMID- 961421
TI  - Liposarcoma of the meninges. A case report.
AB  - A report on a liposarcoma in the meninges of a 70-year-old woman is presented.
      Pre-operative clinical and angiographic findings indicated that the tumour might
      be a meningeoma. Pathological examination revealed a predominantly lipoma-like,
      well-differentiated liposarcoma with round-cell and pleomorphic areas. The
      angiographic and pathological differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 961422
TI  - Thymic carcinoid. A case report.
AB  - A case of thymic carcinoid appearing in a 56-year-old man is presented. No
      endocrine disturbances were apparent. Mediastinal lymph node metastases were
      found at operation. The tumour was positive with Grimelius argyrophil silver
      stain. Ultrastructurally neurosecretory granules were seen.

PMID- 961423
TI  - Thymoma in a case of scleroderma.
AB  - A case of scleroderma with manifestations in the oesophagus and both lungs and a
      concomitant thymic lympho-epithelioma is presented. This case represents a
      further documentation of the well-established association between thymoma and
      collagen disorders.

PMID- 961424
TI  - Carcinoid tumours. Frequency in a defined population during a 12-year period.
AB  - The frequency of carcinoids was studied in a 12-year-period (1958-1969) in Malmo,
      a town with a population of 220,000 at the beginning of the period and 250,000 at
      the end of it. Of all persons who had died in Malmo, 46 per cent were necropsied
      in the first year of the study and 70 per cent in the last (altogether 62.6 per
      cent). The series was examined in a uniform way at one department of pathology.
      Carcinoid tumours were found in 1.22 per cent (199 patients) of patients
      comprised in the entire necropsy series (16,294 autopsies). Bronchial carcinoid
      accounted for 0.1 percent, the remaining lesions were found in the digestive
      tract. About 90 per cent of the carcinoids were found incidentally at necropsy.
      During the same period, 44 carcinoids were diagnosed in surgical specimens
      examined in Malmo. The average annual frequency of carcinoid in the entire series
      was about 8.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, which is about 7 times as high as that
      recorded in the National Cancer Register applying to the whole of Sweden. The
      value of such country-wide reports is discussed. The carcinoid syndrome is
      extremely rare and was observed only once during the entire 12-year-period. The
      localization, frequency of metastases and sex-distribution of carcinoids are
      described and discussed in detail.

PMID- 961425
TI  - Thymoma metastasizing to extrathoracic sites. A case report.
AB  - In the case presented, metastases to extrathoracic sites developed in a 53-year
      old man four years after the diagnosis of inoperable thymoma had been
      established. The appearance of metastases was preced by an extensive
      intrathoracic invasion of the tumour. The thymoma was of epithelial subtype which
      was the most common (67 percent) type also in the previously published 29 cases
      of thymomas metastasizing to extrathoracic sites.

PMID- 961426
TI  - Heteroteansplantation of a human mammary carcinoma to the mouse mutant nude.
AB  - A human mammary carcinoma was heterotransplanted to athymic nude mice. Viable
      tumour tissue was maintained throughout the observation periods which, because of
      the limited life span of nude mice, were relatively short; in one animal
      surviving for a longer period, actual tumour growth was observed. It is concluded
      that human mammary carcinoma is capable of growing in nude mice but, because of
      the frequently low growth rate of these tumours, prolonged periods of observation
      are required in order to reveal such growth.

PMID- 961427
TI  - Urothelial hyperplasia of the renal papillae in female Sprague-Dawley rats
      induced by long term feeding of phenacetin.
AB  - Twenty-one of 40 rats fed phenacetin in the diet for up to 86 weeks developed
      urothelial hyperplasia of the renal papillae. Two of 30 rats in the control group
      had similar changes associated with chronic pyelitis. The difference is
      statistically significant (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 961428
TI  - Repair in arterial tissue. Electron microscopy of Evans blue vital stained
      embolectomy catheter lesion of the rabbit thoracic aorta.
AB  - The rabbit thoracic aorta was studied by EM and vital staining with Evans blue at
      vaired points of time after a single lesion produced by an embolectomy catheter.
      EM of white areas: the surface cells of the myo-intimal thickening resembled
      endothelial cells with a discrete occurrence of microfilaments inside the plasma
      membranes and rather differentiated flap-like junctions. EM of blue areas: the
      surface cells resembled modified smooth muscle cells with a heavily contrasted
      zone just inside the luminal plasma membrane containing closely packed
      microfilaments. The cell contacts either were missing, or they presented
      undifferentiated side-to-side contacts.

PMID- 961429
TI  - Prolonged survival of AKR mice treated with the saponin adjuvant Quil A.
AB  - Treatment of AKR mice with the saponin Quil A delayed their death in spontaneous
      leukaemia. In vitro tests did not demonstrate any influence on infection of rat
      cells with Kirsten sarcoma virus. Quil A in the concentration nanogram/ml doubled
      the mitogen response of AKR spleen cells to lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 961430
TI  - Cellular monosaccharide patterns of Neisseriaceae.
AB  - Sixty-four strains of Neisseria, Moraxella, and Acinetobacter were screened for
      cellular monosaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography and other chromatographic
      techniques. The four sugars ribose, glucose, glucosamine, and 2-keto-3
      deoxyoctonate (KDO) were detected in all strains. Heptose was detected only in
      "true neisseriae" (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, N. sicca, N. cinerea,
      N. flavescens, and N. elongata) and in the tentaively named species Moraxella
      urethralis. Some marked interspecies dissimilarities within groups were revealed.
      Thus, N. ovis and M. atlantae were characterized by the presence of mannose.
      Intraspecies differences were also encountered. N. meningitidis strains of
      serogroups B and C were distinguished from strains of serogroup A by their sialic
      acid content. This sugar was also detected in two out of three examined strains
      of M. nonliquefaciens. In Acinetobacter, heterogeneity of monosaccharide patterns
      was rather pronounced. The results show the applicability of gas chromatographic
      "monosaccharide" profiles fo whole cells or extracted carbohydrate in bacterial
      classification and identification, including differentiation at the subspecies
      level. In addition, such profiles may be useful for monitoring during
      purification of cellular polysaccharides.

PMID- 961431
TI  - The effect of endo-enteric development of Toxoplasma gondii on the ultrastructure
      of epithelial cells of the small intestine of infected cats.
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii undergoing endo-enteric development in the small intestine of
      the cat affects the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells. The epithelial cells
      from infected cats have swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria
      may be swollen with degenerate cristae. A statistically significant shortening of
      the microvilli of the epithelial cells was demonstrated. It appeared that the
      effect on the microvilli length was related to the parasite distribution within
      the small intestine. These changes occur in both cells with and without parasites
      present at the level of the sections studied. The abnormalities are quickly
      rectified after the disappearance of the endo-enteric forms of Toxoplasma.

PMID- 961432
TI  - Localization of urease activity in Ureaplasma urealyticum cells.
AB  - Measurements of urease activity of various cell fractions of U. urealyticum
      showed that this activity was confined to the soluble fraction of the cytoplasm.
      It was attempted to devise a method for electron microscopic detection of the
      sites of urease activity based on precipitation of electron dense MnO2 at the
      alkaline pH created by hydrolysis of urea. The results obtained by this method
      supported the previous results indicating a cytoplasmatic localization of the
      urease activity in the cells. Helical ribosome patterns were observed when
      glutaraldehyde fixed cells were treated with the cytochemical test solutions.

PMID- 961433
TI  - Immunoelectroosmophoresis for detection of reo-like virus: methodology and
      comparison with electron microscopy.
AB  - In two separate studies, faecal samples were collected from children with acute
      gastroenteritis; the samples were tested both by electron microscopy and
      immunoelectroosmophoresis with a view to detect reo-like virus. In 94 per cent
      and 100 per cent of samples positive by electron microscopy in the first and
      second material, respectively, a precipitin line was found after electrophoresis,
      using a guinea pig antiserum against a purified bovine virus. No false positives
      were detected by this method.

PMID- 961434
TI  - Purification of the O antigen of Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis NCTC 9343 from
      phenol-water extracts by gel filtration and chromatography on deae-cellulose and
      hydroxylapatite.
AB  - O antigen extracted from whole cells of Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis NCTC
      9343 with 45 per cent aqueous phenol has been purified by gel filtration and
      chromatography. First, the water phase was treated with RNase and DNase and
      passed through a column of agarose. The chromatographic procedures included ion
      exchange on a column of DEAE-cellulose and adsorption to hydroxylapatite. The O
      antigen was eluted from the DEAE-cellulose with a gradient of NaCl, and from the
      column of hydroxylapatite with 1 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. Inhibition of
      indirect haemagglutination was used to detect the O antigen in the eluates.

PMID- 961435
TI  - NDV-O agglutinins in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: association with
      pneumonia.
AB  - Agglutinins against human O erythrocytes modified by the B1 strain of Newcastle
      disease virus were studied in paired sera of 148 patients with a 4-fold or
      greater rise in complement-fixing M. pneumoniae antibodies. The proportion of
      cases with a significant rise in NDV-O agglutinins was higher agmong the patients
      with pneumonia than among those with neurological or other clinical
      manifestations.

PMID- 961436
TI  - Detection and differentiation of immune complexes and IgG aggregates by a
      complement consumption assay.
AB  - The applicability of a complement consumption assay as a means by which to detect
      IgG aggregates and immune complexes in serum was examined. Both heavy (greater
      than or equal to 19S) and intermediate (11-17S) IgG aggregates were detected and
      the sensitivity of the assay was greater than or equal to 10 mug aggregated
      IgG/ml. BSA anti-BSA complexes, formed in slight antibody excess, were detected
      at a BSA concentration of 200 ng/ml. NHS stored at 4degreesC for greater than or
      equal to 2-3 weeks or at -20degreesC for more than 3 months developed distinct
      anticomplementarity (AC). This background AC, due to IgG aggregate formation, was
      reduced by heating the serum at 56degreesC for 50 min prior to testing. A similar
      reduction of AC and C1q fixation was observed when IgG aggregated at 61degreesC
      or 63degreesC was heated further at 56degreesC for 50 min. The abatement of AC
      could not be correlated to a change in IgG aggregation size. In contrast, AC of
      preformed antigen-antibody complexes was not reduced by this heat treatment.

PMID- 961437
TI  - Transplantation of human adipose tissue to nude mice.
AB  - Human adipose tissue was transplanted to the mouse mutant nude (nu/nu). All the
      grafts were accepted and contained fat cells easily distinguishable from those of
      the mouse. No detectable relation between the histological pictures before and
      after grafting was found. In some transplants  nerve tissue, and in others
      macrophages containing fat droplets, were found. The fat tissue graft might be
      useful for investigation of the influence of various hormones on human fat cells.

PMID- 961438
TI  - An examination of the "star-phenomenon", a three component immunoprecipitation
      involving staphylococcal protein A.
AB  - The co-precipitation called "star-phenomenon" occurred between the three
      component system: protein A, an IgG forming soluble complexes with protein A and
      F (ab')2-preparations of human IgG, guinea pig IgG or rabbit anti-staphylococcal
      IgG. Co-precipitation also occurred if the IgG was replaced by normal human Fc
      fragments. On a protein A column the human F (ab')2-preparation was separated
      into a major non-reactive and a minor reactive fraction. Only the latter
      contained Fc-structures, these being isolated on an anti-Fc column and found to
      belong to undigested IgG. The "star"-forming protein A reactive F (ab')2
      fragments were washed through the anti-Fc column. The F (ab')2 fraction from
      rabbit anti-staphylococcal IgG contained no Fc-structures and only a small
      portion containing anti-protein A activity was active in co-precipitation.

PMID- 961439
TI  - Sources of carbon skeleton of alanine released from skeletal muscle.
AB  - The formation of alanine, glutamate, and aspartate from muscle was studied in the
      isolated perfused hindquarter of rats fasted for 48 h. Tracer doses of (14C)
      compounds with high specific activity were tested as precursors for the amino
      acids. Total amounts and radioactivities of the tested amino acids were
      determined. Alanine was produced more efficiently than glutamate and aspartate
      even if no exogenous substrate was offered. (14C) Pyruvate was most efficient as
      precursor of labeled alanine. However, labeled leucine, propionic acid, valine
      and fumaric acid also produced labeled alanine efficiently. The efficiency as
      precursor for labeled alanine seemed to be related to the ability to label
      intermediates in the citric acid cycle in the perfused muscle. From the relation
      between the ability to label alanine in the perfusion medium and lactate and
      succinate in the muscle it is suggested that pyruvate may be produced
      intramitochondrially and is efficiently transaminated to alanine in this
      compartment.

PMID- 961440
TI  - Autonomic nerve control of the swimbladder of the goldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus
      rupestris.
AB  - The autonomic nerve control of the swimbladder of the goldsinny wrasse has been
      studied by experiments with isolated strips from the muscularis mucosae, drug
      effects on gas secretion in vivo, fluorescent histochemistry and quantitative
      analysis of catecholamine content. Vagotomy, atropine and mecamylamine
      significantly inhibited induced gas secretion, suggesting a cholinergic vagal
      secretory innervation of the gas gland. The anterior part of the mucosa
      (secretory part) is contracted by acetylcholine and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists.
      These responses are competitively antagonized by atropine and phentolamine or
      yohimbine respectively. The posterior (resorbent) part of the mucosa is
      contracted by acetylcholine, but beta-adrenoceptor agonists relax the
      acetylcholine-precontracted preparations. These responses are competitively
      blocked by atropine and propranolol respectively. The pA2-values from all
      experiments with antagonists are well comparable with values obtained for the
      same drugs in other teleost or mammalian tissues. Tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine
      or phenylephrine had mixed effects on the posterior part. This effect is at least
      in part due to release of nervously stored catecholamines. Fluorescent
      histochemistry revealed a strong innervation by both smooth and varicose
      adrenergic fibres in all parts of the swimbladder, noradrenaline being the
      dominant catecholamine. Yellow fluorescent cells, which may contain 5
      hydroxytryptamine, were also seen in the swimbladder mucosa. No conclusive
      evidence for a cholinergic innervation of the muscularis mucosae was obtained.

PMID- 961441
TI  - The effect of nicotine on intra-axonal transport in cholinergic motor neurons of
      the rat; influence of acutely administered, non-toxic doses.
AB  - The intra-axonal transport of acetylcholine (ACh) and ACh-metabolizing enzymes in
      rat sciatic nerves was studied following nicotine treatment. The nicotine was
      administered in a low dose (30 mug/kg) s.c. every second h for 18-22 h, to mimic
      the serum-concentrations of a cigarette smoker. Control rats received s.c.
      injections of the vehicle. The main effects were observed regarding the ACh
      esterase (AChE) activity. In unoperated nerves the level was decreased by about
      10%. In 12 h crushed nerves the accumulation of enzyme activity proximal to the
      crush was markedly reduced in the nicotine-treated group, indicating a reduction
      in amount of proximo-distally transported enzyme activity. The ACh-levels were
      unchanged except at 12 h postoperatively when a small increase proximal to the
      crush was observed. The choline-acetyl transferase (CAT) activity in unoperated
      nerves was similar in both groups of rats; the 7 h accumulation above the crush,
      however, was somewhat reduced after nicotine treatment. The possible causes of
      the observed nicotine induced changes are so far not known.

PMID- 961442
TI  - The influence of temperature on the time course of the mechanical activity in
      rabbit papillary muscle.
AB  - The influence of temperature on the time course of the mechanical activity was
      investigated in isolated papillary muscles of the rabbit. By using the "damped
      release" technique activity curves were determined in terms of velocity of
      shortening of the contractile unit at a constant length. At any of the
      temperatures studied, the time course of the mechanical activity exhibited a slow
      onset and did not form a distinct plateau. At low contraction frequencies and
      normal (2 mM) calcium concentration lowering the temperature from 32.5 to 26.5
      degrees C did not markedly affect the rate of development of the activity but
      increased the peak amplitude and the total duration of the activity as well as
      the time from the stimulus to 90% of the maximum. It also resulted in a slower
      decay phase. At higher contraction frequencies and/or increased calcium
      concentration the rate of development of the activity was reduced by decreasing
      the temperature from 32.5 degrees C to 26.5 degrees C, whereas the maximal
      activity reached similar levels at the two temperatures. It is concluded that an
      alteration in temperature affects several different steps in myocardial
      excitation-contraction coupling, the net change in maximum amplitude of the
      mechanical activity being influenced by both extracellular calcium concentration
      and contraction frequency.

PMID- 961443
TI  - Influence of acidosis on noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction in adipose tissue
      and skeletal muscle.
AB  - Vasoconstriction due to parallel i.a. injections of NA were studied in
      subcutaneous adipose tissue and gracilis muscle preparations in dogs. The
      vasoconstrictor response to NA was significantly lower in adipose tissue than in
      muscle. Only in muscle did acidosis inhibit NA-induced vasoconstriction. The beta
      receptor antagonist propranolol increased the vasoconstrictor response in adipose
      tissue to the level of skeletal muscle. The lack of significant inhibition of NA
      induced vasoconstriction in adipose tissue may be due to the simultaneous
      inhibition of two opposing mechanisms-alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction and beta
      adrenergic vasodilatation. After propranolol acidosis inhibited NA-induced
      vasoconstriction equally in adipose tissue and muscle. The difference between
      adipose tissue and muscle may thus be due to a greater importance of a beta
      adrenergic vasodilator mechanism in the former tissue. The metabolic response to
      isoprenaline was inhibited by acidosis, while the direct vasodilatation was
      unaffected. It is suggested that the beta-adrenergic vasodilator mechanism that
      is inhibited by acidosis is related to the metabolism of the tissue.

PMID- 961444
TI  - Exteroceptive influences on the lumbar back muscle tone and reflexes in the cat.
AB  - The exteroceptive influences on tonic activity and on stretch reflexes of the
      longissimus dorsi and multifidus spinae muscles were investiagted in decerebrate,
      spinal and chloralose-anesthetized cats. Adequate skin stimulation was used to
      map out facilitatory and inhibitory skin areas on the trunk and the extremities.
      On the trunk facilitatory areas are relatively large and located at the dorsal
      side while inhibitory areas are confined to the ventrolateral part of the
      contralateral body half. The facilitatory skin fields are of approximately the
      same size in decerebrate and spinal cats. On leg skin stimulation facilitation
      can be evoked from the ipsilateral hind limb while inhibition results from
      stimulation of the other limbs. Spinal cord transection increased excitatory
      effects of ipsilateral hind limb stimulation. Reflex responses in the back
      muscles to applied stretch are described. These reflexes were used as test
      reflexes in experiments with conditioning stimulation of the peripheral nerves
      supplying skin areas from which effects on back muscle activity were evoked by
      adequate stimulation. The conditioning-test experiments and those using adequate
      stimulation show that the longissimus dorsi and multifidus spinae are activated
      or facilitated by an ipsilateral stimulus to skin afferents. The extent of the
      effects induced by stimulation of skin differs in the types of preparation used.
      These differences may be accounted for by assuming a supraspinal control of the
      reflex pathways studied.

PMID- 961445
TI  - Secretory and motor effects in the submaxillary gland of the rat on intraarterial
      administration of some polypeptides and autonomic drugs.
AB  - Bradykinin, oxytocin, physalaemin and some autonomic drugs were injected in to
      the common carotid artery. Physalaemin evoked secretion and a pressure rise in
      the submaxillary duct. A duct pressure rise could be elicited by bradykinin which
      did not evoke secretion. Autonomic blocking agents did not diminish secretion
      evoked by physalaemin and did not change pressure responses elicited by
      bradykinin or physalaemin. Neither secretion, nor duct pressure changes could be
      recorded after administration of oxytocin. In agreement with previous experiments
      secretion evoked by autonomic drugs was found to be mediated via cholinergic,
      alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, while motor effects were due to activation
      of cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 961446
TI  - Gastric clearance of gastrin during acid secretory responses to vagal activation
      and its effect on peripheral gastrin levels. A study on anesthetized cats.
AB  - Gastrin release and gastric acid secretion were induced by electrical stimulation
      of the vagi in anesthetized cats. No correlation was found between the peripheral
      gastrin levels and the magnitudes of the concomitant secretory responses. In
      experiments in which a high rate of secretion was induced the peripheral gastrin
      levels were found to be unchanged or at most slightly elevated, whereas the
      levels were sometimes substantially elevated in animals in which there was little
      or no acid secretory response. An arterio-venous difference in gastrin levels was
      detected in the corpus blood during periods of gastric secretion. This clearance
      of gastrin (104-540 pg/min) was large enough to influence the peripheral gastrin
      levels. The mechanism behind and the significance of the gastric clearance of
      gastrin is discussed.

PMID- 961447
TI  - Liver and heart mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity of newborn rats in
      anoxic hypoxia and starvation.
AB  - Succinate dehydrogenase activity was determined in the liver and heart of newborn
      rats after 3 and 48 hours' exposure to anoxic hypoxia (10% O2) and after 48
      hours' starvation. Control determinations were made on newborn animals of
      corresponding ages, full term foetuses (21 days), infantile (1 and 2 weeks) and
      full grown animals. Hypoxia for 3 h had no influence on succinate dehydrogenase
      activity at all in either the heart or liver mitochondria of the newborn animals.
      After 48 h no difference was observed in the liver between the hypoxic animals
      and the starved controls of the same age, though starvation itself had resulted
      in a significant increase in activity, as much as 42%. When liver mitochondrial
      succinate dehydrogenase in normal mitochondria was activated by preincubation
      mitochondria with the substrate, the activity increase obtained was greater than
      that resulting from starvation. The increase in activity in the heart of the
      hypoxic or starved animals was not significant (less than 10%).

PMID- 961448
TI  - Vagal influence on serotonin concentration in enterochromaffin cells in the cat.
AB  - The intracellular concentrations of 5-HT in enterochromaffin cells of the
      jejunum, midgut and ileum of the cat have been estimated by a cytofluorimetric
      method before and after various periods of peripheral vagal nerve stimulation.
      The fluorescence intensities in randomized cell samples were measured
      photometrically after a standard illumination time before and after nerve
      stimulation. A significant decrease in 5-HT concentration in the enterochromaffin
      cells all through the small intestine could be demonstrated, which is in support
      of the hypothesis of a neurogenic release of 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells,
      possibly caused by vagal adrenergic fibres.

PMID- 961449
TI  - Prostaglandins, a link between renal hydro- and hemodynamic in dogs.
AB  - An increase of the intrarenal pressure to 40 mmHg induced by ureteral
      constriction or by kidney compression is shown to be followed by increased renal
      blood flow in anesthetized dogs. This hyperemia is probably the result of
      enhanced  intrarenal prostaglandin activity since it is followed by increased
      urinary prostaglandin E excretion and is abolished by indomethacin pretreatment.
      The increase of renal blood flow seems to be due to dilation of the afferent
      arteriole in order to maintain the filtration pressure. The glomerular filtration
      rate is thus severely depressed in indomethacin pretreated dogs. Urine and
      electrolyte excretion is comparably redcued during elevated intrarenal pressure
      in non-pretreated and in indomethacin pretreated dogs, which suggests that
      factors other than glomerular filtration rate are involved. Urine osmolarity is
      positively correlated with renal blood flow, and urine osmolarity increases
      during elevated intrarenal pressure in non pretreated dogs, whilst urine
      osmolarity remains unchanged in dogs pretreated with indomethacin.

PMID- 961450
TI  - Effect of chronic sympathetic denervation upon local regulation of blood flow in
      human subcutaneous tissue.
AB  - The effect of chronic sympathetic denervation upon the vasoconstrictor response
      to an increase of vascular transmural pressure in human subcutaneous adipose
      tissue was investigated in 6 patients suffering from manual hyperhidrosis.
      Changes in transmural pressure were obtained either by postural changes of a
      forearm or by venous stasis of 30 mmHg. Blood flow was measured in the distal
      part of the forearm or crus by means of the local 133Xenon washout technique. 2
      patients were studied before and after sympathectomy. When the area under study
      was lowered about 40 cm below the jugular notch, blood flow decreased about 50%
      preoperatively, about 30% 24 h after the operation, but remained constant 4 days
      after or later. Similar results were obtained during venous stasis. Hence about 4
      days after sympathectomy, the vasoconstrictor response to an increase in vascular
      transmural pressure was abolished. In 3 chronically sympathectomized patients
      blood flow remained constant in the denervated limb, but decreased significantly
      in the control limb. In another patient studied 580 days after surgery blood flow
      remained constant during lowering of the denervated forearm as well as during
      venous stasis. These findings might indicate that the vasoconstrictor response to
      an increase in vascular transmural pressure in human subcutaneous adipose tissue
      is due to a local nervous mechanism involving symphathetic adrenergic nerves, but
      a myogenic mechanism cannot be definitively excluded.

PMID- 961451
TI  - Local nervous mechanism in regulation of blood flow in human subcutaneous tissue.
AB  - The effect of local venous stasis upon blood flow in human subcutaneous adipose
      tissue on the distal part of the forearm was investigated in three healthy
      subjects and two chronically sympathectomized patients suffering from manual
      hyperhidrosis. The area under study was separated into two parts by means of a
      lead shield exerting a pressure of about 360 mmHg on the skin. The effect of
      venous stasis of about 40 mmHg on one side of the shield upon blood flow measured
      simultaneously on both sides of the shield by the local 133Xenon washout
      technique was investigated. During venous stasis on one side of the shield, blood
      flow decreased about 40% on both sides. The vasoconstrictor impulse could be
      transmitted over a distance of about 1-2 cm. The phenomenon was unaffected by
      nerve blockade induced 3 cm proximally, medially, and laterally to the area by
      infiltration the skin with lidocaine. Thus a vasoconstrictor impulse could be
      transmitted from the side of stasis to the non stasis side of the lead shield.
      The transmission was not affected by phentolamine but was blocked by lidocaine
      and chronic sympathetic denervation. The vasoconstrictor impulse elicited during
      venous stasis is therefore most likely transmitted by means of a local nervous
      mechanism involving sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstrictor fibres.

PMID- 961452
TI  - Negligible role of CSF cations other than Na+ in the central regulation of ADH
      release.

PMID- 961453
TI  - Diffuse hair loss in women: the psychopathology of those who complain.
AB  - Thirty-two women complaining of diffuse alopecia were examined by a psychiatrist.
      Seven of them were found to have severe, usually long-standing marital and sexual
      problems and two of them were overtly depressed. In a previous investigation the
      results of tests to assess the degree of hair loss of these seven women showed no
      significant difference from the values obtained in a control series of women. The
      psychopathology underlying this complaint is discussed and it is suggested that
      those women whose anxiety seems disproportionate to their degree of hair loss
      should be carefully questioned regarding depression and marital difficulties as
      these may cause them to be unusually sensitive to a hair loss which normally
      might not worry them sufficiently to seek further advice. They may then use their
      hair in a symbolic way to obtain help with their underlying problems.

PMID- 961454
TI  - Fat cell number and weight gain in lithium treated patients.
AB  - Total amount of fat, fat cell size, and fat cell number were determined in 33
      patients under long-term lithium treatment. The weight gain during the treatment
      was estimated both by the patients themselves (questionnaire) and from their
      records. A positive correlation between fat cell number and weight gain was found
      whereas the fat cell size showed no correlation to weight gain.

PMID- 961455
TI  - A ten-year follow-up of children of schizophrenic mothers. Clinical assessment.
AB  - A Group of 207 subjects with severely schizophrenic mothers and a matched group
      104 subjects without known mental illness in the parents or grandparents have
      been followed since 1962 in a prospective study based on Mednick's learning
      theory of schizophrenia. The present paper describes an analysis of the clinical
      outcome based on a follow-up examination in 1972-1974. The examination consisted
      of a 3 1/2-hour clinical interview using three approaches (two with computer
      derived diagnoses and one traditional clinical interview). 173 high-risk and 91
      low-risk subjects were fully clinically reassessed. At the time of the assessment
      they were between 18 and 30 years old. The diagnostic distribution showed marked
      differences between the two groups with regard to type and degree of
      psychpathology. The results are discussed in relation to the methods used, and
      with regard to the case and non-case status of the subjects.

PMID- 961456
TI  - Emotional disorders in six Israeli villages.
AB  - This is a report on a psychiatric epidemiological census conducted in six Israeli
      villages. The method of case identification relied on data extracted from medical
      cards and the use of two shortened versions of the CMI. The results showed a
      distribution affected by sex, age, ethnicity, education, and "status consumer". A
      comparison with other Israeli studies is made.

PMID- 961457
TI  - The pedophilic offender with antisocial character.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to clarify how pedophilic offenders with antisocial
      character (psychopathy) differ from "ordinary" pedophilic offenders, among whom
      there are many persons with immaturity and contact difficulties. For this purpose
      all pedophilia cases subjected to mental examination during a period of 25 years
      were investigated. Of these 81 cases, 38 could be regarded as antisocial
      characters on the basis of the current diagnostic criteria. The others were
      regarded as controls. The criminals with antisocial character had also been
      involved in other kinds of crimes and had had hyperactivity problems more often
      than controls. The controls were often immature, had a low intelligence, and were
      less able to have relations with adult people than were antisocial characters.
      However, according to the present results, these features might also make
      criminals with antisocial character more susceptible to pedophilia.

PMID- 961458
TI  - A follow-up study of a child psychiatric clientele with special regard to the
      diagnosis of psychosis.
AB  - A 20-year follow-up of a child psychiatric clientele of 322 patients demonstrates
      that nearly one third have been admitted to psychiatric departments or mental
      hospitals in adulthood. One tenth belonged to the group with psychoses either as
      a child or grown-up. While the incidence of manic-depressive psychosis did not
      differ from a normal population of the same sex and age, the child psychiatric
      clientele is overrepresented by psychotic patients later on diagnosed as
      schizophrenia. The outcome of infantile psychosis was in half of the cases
      chronic psychosis; five of 10 psychosis proto-infantilis patients were diagnosed
      schizophrenia in adulthood. This result is not in accordance with the modern view
      that psychosis proto-infantilis is a special disease with no clinical connection
      to schizophrenia. The clinical entity of infantile psychosis and borderline
      psychosis seems to be affirmed by a common clinical and diagnostic course into
      borderline psychosis or schizoid character disorders. Nine patients with
      psychosis in adulthood did not belong to the group of psychosis in childhood.

PMID- 961459
TI  - Controlled trial of penfluridol and thiothixene in the maintenance treatment of
      chronic schizophrenic syndromes.
AB  - In a controlled trial of penfluridol and thiothixene as maintenance drugs in
      patients with chronic schizophrenic syndromes, some improvement over previous
      neuroleptics was seen with both drugs. This improvement was mainly evident in
      variables concerned with participation in social activities as assessed with the
      S-scale and by ward behaviour. The drug dosages necessary were very low and gave
      few and easily manageable side-effects. There was no significant difference
      between penfluridol and thiothixene. Penfluridol has the clear practical
      advantage of being the only long-acting drug for oral administration so far
      available.

PMID- 961460
TI  - Birthday blues: the association of birthday with self-inflicted death in the
      elderly.

PMID- 961461
TI  - Psychopathology, feelings of confinement and helplessness in the dental chair,
      and relationship to the dentist in patients with disproportionate dental anxiety
      (DDA).
AB  - Nineteen individuals with inordinate fear of dental treatment are presented and
      discussed with respect to their psychopathology and those aspects of their fear
      involving feelings of confinement and helplessness in the dental chair, and a
      negative relationship with the dentist. This material is part of a comprehensive
      investigation previously reported by the authors into the components and factors
      contributing to this kind of fear, and the personality and emotional reactions of
      the individuals suffering from it. The data presented are based on single
      structured interviews of each patient. Analysis of the patient population
      suggests division into four major categories: those in whom fear of dental
      treatment was associated with feelings of inferiority in bodily appearance or
      function (the largest category); those in whom the fear was associated with
      neurotic disturbances in which disturbance in body image is not apparent; those
      in whom the  fear was a reflection of a schizophrenic or schizoid process; and
      those in whom no overt psychopathology was found. The patients in the first
      category were those who tended most to be afraid of dental treatment due to
      feelings of confinement or helplessness in the dental chair, or due to a negative
      relationship with the dentist.

PMID- 961462
TI  - An analysis of homicide by young persons in England and Wales.
AB  - An analysis of 11 children (one girl, 10 boys) convicted of homicide indicates a
      maternal over-dominant relationship in eight of the males studied. The murderers
      were found to have more cooperative personalities than other children found
      guilty of non-capital offences and showed both normal intelligence and
      personality factors. Despite a history of "blackouts" in several cases, all were
      found on investigation to be free from both major and minor epilepsy. Difficulty
      was experienced in determining the presence or absence of parental alcoholism,
      promiscuity, and criminal convictions. All of the children came from normal homes
      and apart from minor offences none had been involved previously in serious
      antisocial behaviour. Future research is indicated on two aspects: (a) Role of
      the working mother with particular reference to maternal dominance and (b) The
      "Cycle of Deprivation" theory.

PMID- 961463
TI  - Effect of flupenthixol on depression with special reference to combination use
      with tricyclic antidepressants. An uncontrolled pilot study with 45 patients.
AB  - In an open, uncontrolled trial flupenthixol was administered to 45 patients with
      endogenous depression. The drug was markedly effective in eight patients,
      effective in nine patients, fairly effective in 12 patients, and ineffective or
      aggravating in 16 patients. Four patients showed transient manic symptoms. Dosage
      was 1-3 mg daily. In 36 patients flupenthixol was used in combination with
      previously administered tricyclic antidepressants, and in nine patients it was
      used alone. Clinical effect was quickly apparent. It appeared within 1 week in
      63% and within 2 weeks in 93% of subjects. Side-effects were observed in 13
      patients: insomnia, five patients; slight extrapyramidal symptoms, nine patients.
      Sedative-hypnogenic effects were rarely seen. In 71% of 17 patients in whom the
      drug was found to be markedly effective or effective, flupenthixol's influence on
      psychomotor retardation was particularly striking. Other clear benefits were
      relief of depressive mood, psychic anxiety, and agitation. It is recommended that
      flupenthixol is given, as supplementary medication, to patients (1) whose
      depressive symptoms other than psychomotor retardation have already improved with
      current tricyclic antidepressants, and (2) in whom, before antidepressant
      medication, psychomotor retardation is a principal feature.

PMID- 961464
TI  - L-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol treatment of adults with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Five adult patients with chronic renal failure and associated renal
      osteodystrophy have been treated for 6 months with 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol
      (1 alpha-OH-D3), a synthetic vitamin D analogue. All 5 patients had severe
      metabolic bone changes as estimated by bone scintigraphy. Three patients were
      hypocalcemic, 4 had elevated serum alkaline phosphatases, 5 had elevated serum
      immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) concentration and 3 had bone pains.
      During treatment serum calcium increased in all patients (mean 11.4%) and 3
      originally hypocalcemic patients became normocalcemic. Serum alkaline
      phosphatases decreased (mean 27.3%) and became normal in 4 patients, who
      initially had elevated values. A pronounced decline in the serum concentration of
      i-PTH (mean 53%) was seen in all patients and 1 patient obtained normal i-PTH
      levels after 4 months of treatment. The intestinal calcium absorption, which was
      low initially, even when calcium intake was considered, rose almost threefold
      (mean 273%) and reached normal values in all cases. The bone mineral content
      increased in all patients, but the changes were small (mean 4.9%) and
      insignificant. Finally, bone pain disappeared in 2 patients and improved in 1 of
      3 patients exhibiting this symptom. A linear correlation (r = 0.48, p less than
      0.001) was found between the dose of 1 alpha-OH-D3 and serum calcium. But in
      spite of this and the frequent control, all patients developed one episode of
      hypercalcemia. This disappeared within 48 hours after discontinuing the drug. It
      is concluded that treatment with 1 alpha-OH-D3 appears to be of therapeutic value
      in metabolic bone disease associated with chronic renal failure, but frequent
      control of blood biochemistry seems mandatory.

PMID- 961465
TI  - Three-year follow-up of middle-aged men with low blood pressure.
AB  - The blood pressure (BP) development in 142 middle-aged men with BP within the
      lower region of the BP distribution (supine BP less than or equal to 120/70 mmHg)
      has been studied. Over a 3-year period there was a moderate but significant rise
      in supine systolic BP but not in supine diastolic BP. However, no subject
      developed hypertension defined as supine BP greater than or equal to 175/105
      mmHg. These findings support the assumption that among middle-aged men the
      hypertensives are recruited from the upper part of the BP distribution. Subjects
      with low BP may be rescreened at longer intervals, if at all.

PMID- 961466
TI  - Attempted diagnosis of ventricular mural thrombi in acute mycardial infarction
      using 125I-labelled fibrinogen.
AB  - In an attempt to diagnose ventricular mural thrombi complicating acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI), 80 patients have been given 100 muCi 125I-labelled fibrinogen
      after admission to a CCU. Precordial radioactivity was recorded for the following
      6 days over four sites corresponding to chest leads CR1-CR4. A sustained rise in
      radioactivity of at least 15% of initial recordings was classed as type A
      pattern, a minor rise or flattened response as type B pattern and a rapid
      decrease as type C pattern; 28% showed a type A, 19% a type B and 54% a type C
      pattern. There was no significant difference between the groups in incidence of
      pericardial friction rub but when patients with suspected pericarditis (as
      evidenced by characteristic pains) were added, pericarditis was significantly
      overrepresented in the type A group. Smaller infarctions (SGOT less than 100 U/1)
      were significantly more common in patients with a type C decay pattern. No
      differences were noted between the groups as regards type and site of the
      infarction. A sustained rise in precordial radioactivity after an AMI may be an
      indication of mural thrombosis but the influence of other factors secondary to an
      infarction, e.g. pericarditis, cannot be determined at present.

PMID- 961467
TI  - Prevalence of hypercalcaemia in a health screening in Stockholm.
AB  - A free health check, offered to 21417 20-63-year-old employees of the Stockholm
      City and County Council in 1971-73, was accepted by 15903 persons. The
      examination included a multichannel chemical analysis of a single blood sample.
      Serum calcium levels greater than or equal to 11.0 mg/100 ml (2.75 mmol/l) and
      greater than or equal to 11.1 mg/100 ml (2.78 mmol/l) were encountered in 3.9%
      and 1.1% of the population, respectively. Among subjects below 50 years of age,
      the calcium concentration was significantly higher in males than in females. This
      difference disappeared in older subjects, essentially because the calcium level
      decreased with advancing age in the men. To a further investigation were invited
      178 subjects with a single serum calcium registration greater than or equal to
      11.1 mg/100 ml (2.78 mmol/l). Of this group, 95 persons (53.4%) exhibited
      hypercalcaemia (HC) on repeated testing. Twelve had been operated on prior to the
      actural follow-up and found to have parathyroid adenomata. Twenty subjects were
      on continuous treatment with diuretics of the thiazide type and seven had
      diseases that might induce HC (two had hyperthyroidism, two hypothyroidism, one
      sarcoidosis, one hypernephroma and one mammary carcinoma). In 56 patients the
      laboratory and physical examinations did not reveal any obvious cause for the HC
      except possible hyperparathyoidism (HPT). Eighty (84.2%) of the 95 HC subjects
      were women, mostly over 50 years. The 95 persons constituted 6% of the total
      number of health-screened persons. The highest prevalence, 13%, was recorded for
      women aged 60-63. The prevalence of HPT in the total material was 3.6%, which is
      higher than that found in several other studies. This is based on surgical
      findings to date.

PMID- 961468
TI  - Extensive nodular infiltration of extra-osseous tissues in human myelomatosis. A
      case report.
AB  - The autopsy findings of a woman with myelomatosis diagnosed half a year before
      her death are described. She had an IgG-lambda myeloma which initially responded
      to treatment. However, subsequently she developed a condition characterized by
      massive soft tissue involvement with increased number of plasma cells in
      peripheral blood. Rounded hard myeloma infiltrates were disseminated through the
      body, only sparing the adrenal glands and intracranial structures.

PMID- 961469
TI  - Prolonged symptoms of brain dysfunction--adverse effect of levodopa.
AB  - Symptoms of brain dysfunction occurred in a 67-year-old woman with idiopathic
      parkinsonism on treatment with levodopa. The adverse effect reappeared in a more
      severe and prolonged form when she was treated one year later with levodopa in
      combination with the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor Ro-4-4602. The symptoms
      were associated with a markedly altered level of HMPG (a noradrenaline
      metabolite) in the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 961470
TI  - Studies on subclinical hypothyroidism with special reference to the serum lipid
      pattern.
AB  - Subclinical hypothyroidism is an example of the impact of technology on the
      concept of a disease. It denotes a condition in which laboratory findings, at
      least including a raised serum thyrotropin (s-TSH), indicate hypothyroidism in
      the absence of clinical signs or symptoms of this disease. One reason for
      attention to cases of subclinical hypothyroidism is the publication of reports,
      from the time before introduction of the s-TSH assay, that hypercholesterolaemia
      precedes other evidence of thyroid failure with attendant risks of ischaemic
      heart disease and other atherosclerotic manifestations. The present
      investigation, which concerned the lipid pattern in sublinical hypothyroiism,
      offered no support for such a concept of hypercholesterolaemia as a premonitory
      sign of hypothyroidism. Furthermore, no significant differences were found
      between the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides before and after the
      administration of a thyroxine dose, necessary to suppress the s-TSH into a normal
      range, in cases of sublinical hypothyroidism. Nor were there any changes during
      this therapy in body weight, ECG, or Hb levels, which represent important
      parameters often found to be abnormal in overt hypothyroidism. From a practical
      point of view, subclinical hypothyroidism probably can be regarded as a state in
      which reduction of thyroid activity has been compensated by an increased s-TSH
      secretion to maintain a clinically euthyroid state. When no goitre is found, the
      rationale of treatment of this condition remains to be proved.

PMID- 961471
TI  - The composition of food consumed by Greenland Eskimos.
AB  - Food specimens have been collected, by means of the double-portion technique,
      from Greenland Eskimo hunters and their wives, in all seven persons, on seven
      consecutive days. Their food was found to contain more protein and less
      carbohydrates than average Danish food and an almost equal amount of fat.
      Compared with Danish food, the fatty acid pattern of the consumed lipids-
      essentially of mammalian marine origin--showed a higher content of long chain
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially C20:5) and lower contents of linoleic and
      linolenic acids. However, the sum of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was smaller
      than in Danish food. Using Keys' formula, describing the serum cholesterol level
      as a function of the nutritional fatty acids, the essentially lower serum
      choelsterol level found in Greenland Eskimos was not explained by our findings.
      It is suggested instead to be a special metabolic effect of the long chain
      polyunsaturated fatty acids from marine mammals. There might be a similar effect
      on the plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentrations,
      explaining the much lower plasma concentrations of these components in Eskimos
      than in Western populations. Our findings might have an essential bearing on the
      difference in morbidity from coronary atherosclerotic disease between these
      populations.

PMID- 961472
TI  - Reduction of isoniazid bioavailability in normal men by concomitant intake of
      food.
AB  - The influence of food intake on the bioavailability of isoniazid (INH) has been
      examined in nine healthy male volunteers. INH was administered as a single oral
      dose, both in fasting state and together with a standardized breakfast. Numerous
      venous blood samples were obtained 5 min-6 hours after the INH ingestion, and the
      concentrations of unmetabolized INH in serum were assessed by spectrophotometry.
      The observations indicate that both the peak concentration and the total amount
      of INH absorbed are greatly reduced when the drug is ingested together with food.
      Hence it is recommended that, in the treatment of tuberculosis with INH, the drug
      should be given on an empty stomach. The data may also have some bearing on the
      use of INH for assessing acetylation rates and estimating dosages of hydralazine
      and related drugs.

PMID- 961473
TI  - Lactate production during fructose infusion with or without amino acids.
AB  - Lactate production from the liver during fructose infusion was decreased when an
      amino acid infusion was given simultaneously. The most pronounced decrease was
      observed when the amino acid infusion was started before the simultaneous
      administration of fructose and amino acids. The explanation of the phenomenon is
      thought to be a stimulation of gluconeogenesis by amino acids.

PMID- 961474
TI  - On the nature of brain stem disorders in severe head injured patients.
AB  - In head injured patients changes were found in the CSF levels of metabolites of
      the dopaminergic and the serotonergic neurotransmission (HVA and 5-HIAA). After
      the fifth day following trauma a significant decrease of the HVA levels in the
      lumbar CSF after probenecid treatment was found. The intensity of this decrease
      was found to be related to the severity of the trauma (period of
      unconsciousness), but not to the state of consciousness. Also the probenecid
      induced 5-HIAA levels in conscious patients were decreased after the fifth post
      traumatic day. In unconscious patients, the period of unconsciousness,
      particularly in the period of 5-20 days after trauma. Between 21 and 60 days
      after trauma the 5-HIAA concentrations in unconscious patients decreased
      remarkably, but they were still significantly higher than in the conscious
      patients. It can be concluded that during unconsciousness serotonergic neurons
      have a high rate of turnover, but that both neurotransmitter systems are damaged
      by the direct or indirect consequences of the injury.

PMID- 961475
TI  - Diagnosis of pinealoblastomas by positive response to cobalt-therapy.
AB  - Surgical excision of pineoblastomas is considered dangerous, and relief of raised
      intracranial pressure by shunting followed by cobalt therapy is the preferred
      treatment. Demonstration by pneumoencephalography of tumour shrinkage after
      therapy confirms the diagnosis of pineoblastoma. Failure of the tumour to become
      smaller indicates a different pathology which calls for a surgical approach,
      except in the case of a brain stem tumour.

PMID- 961476
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of tumours in the pineal region.
AB  - In a series of 3.072 cases of intracranial neoplasms up to the end of 1973 there
      were 82 tumours in the pineal region (2.7%), excluding meningiomas of the falx
      and tentorium. More than half (forty seven) were pinealomas (two cell pattern
      type tumours, and pineoblastomas), twelve were teratomas, eight were ependymomas,
      three were epidermoids, and the remainder were gliomas. In addition to
      ventriculography, millipore filter-cell culture of cerebrospinal fluid, and fibre
      ventriculoscopy were found useful for diagnosis. Most of the patients were
      treated by surgery followed by radiotherapy. Results with the pinealomas were
      fairly good, the one year, five year, and ten year survival rates being 87.5%,
      71.4%, and 33.3% in those below the age of 15 years, and 80.0%, 46.2%, and 12.5%
      in those above that age. The radiosensitivity of pinealomas and the beneficial
      effect of reduction of tumour bulk by direct surgery may both be important
      factors in the achievement of good results.

PMID- 961477
TI  - Surgical management of tumours of the pineal region.
AB  - Tumours of the pineal region and posterior part of the third ventricle are rare
      in European and American series (0.5 to 1% of space-occupying lesions). Personal
      experience is usually limited and thus cooperative studies or critical reviews of
      reported cases are necessary to establish therapeutic criteria. We have studied
      50 cases from our own material of more than 5,000 brain tumours and intracranial
      space-occupying lesions operated on during the last 30 years. Another 6 verified
      cases from Dr. F. Isamat, and more than 200 verified tumours from the literature
      are added. Histological distribution shows that 24% of the tumours in this
      locality are benign. The different surgical techniques fro reaching the pineal
      region are reviewed. The results of palliative operations, or partial removals
      together with radiotherapy, and total removals are presented in 200 verified
      cases (Table 1), as well as the results obtained by the different surgical
      approaches (Table 2). Finally, some conclusions are reached regarding the
      surgical management of these tumours. More than two thirds are radiosensitive,
      and in about 50 to 70% good results may be obtained with palliative operations
      and radiotherapy. The remainder of the pineal tumours (about 20%) should be
      treated by a direct surgical approach. Recent technical improvements and the use
      of the surgical microscope have reduced the mortality of pineal surgery and allow
      verification of the histological nature of the tumour in order to establish more
      rational treatment.

PMID- 961478
TI  - Quantitative study of muscle fibre atrophy and restitution after nerve grafts.
AB  - Our comparative experimental studies on rabbits using clinical,
      electromyographical, and quantitative histological examinations of long
      autologous and homologous nerve grafts in 35 rabbits, paying special attention to
      quantitative histological changes in the gastrocnemius muscles, allow the
      statement that, compared to the short holografts, the long homografts showed
      worse results. Moreover, it became obvious that the regeneration rate of
      autografts was not influenced by increasing the lengths of the grafts. The answer
      to the question of how far even longer grafts may influence the quality of
      regeneration will need further investigations.

PMID- 961479
TI  - Experience with allografts in the surgery of peripheral nerves (experimental
      study).
AB  - Peroneal nerve allografts four to seven cm in length were transplanted in 36
      tissue typed beagle dogs, using a standard microsurgical technique. The influence
      of tissue typing on nerve regeneration through these grafts was studied with the
      help of electromyography and histology seven to nine months after nerve
      implantation. Better regeneration was found through the grafts with compatible
      than with noncompatible typing. The favourable effect of tissue compatibility
      became more evident when the length of the graft was longer than four cm. Tissue
      rejection reaction was much more marked and evident with longer grafts in
      noncompatible than in compatible groups. Radiation, with tissue typing, did not
      seem to confer any additional beneficial effect. Compatible tissue typed nerve
      allografts probably behave more like autografts.

PMID- 961480
TI  - Regeneration of the spinal ventral roots. An experimental study in cats.
AB  - From a clinical standpoint recovery of spinal nerve roots is less likely than
      that of peripheral nerves, despite their identical structures. This may be due to
      several factors including the length of gap to be bridged, changes in the
      proximal stump or neuroma, and chromatolysis. In this paper we discuss the roles
      of some of these factors in relation to the neuronal depopulation in the spinal
      cord anterior horn area following section of the anterior root. The lack of
      growth or the successful growth of the axon through the gap in the root
      influences the degree of depopulation in the anterior horn area.

PMID- 961481
TI  - Radial nerve lesions and their treatment.
AB  - Out of 332 patients with peripheral nerve injuries operated upon in our
      Department from the beginning of 1972 to the end of 1974, in only 30 were
      different types of radial nerve injury observed. In most cases radial nerve palsy
      was seen to be a secondary occurrence following fracture of the humerus or other
      types of injuries. Operation revealed 16 cases of fibrosis of the radial nerve
      and 14 of radial nerve defect. The longest defect was 20 cm long. In the first
      group of patients funiculolysis was performed, and in the second group
      funiculorrhaphy was performed using sural nerve grafts. With the exception of one
      case in the first group, good reinnervation of the previously denervated muscles
      was achieved, as well as the restoration of sensitivity in the affected skin
      areas.

PMID- 961482
TI  - Precise selective alcoholic Gasserian injection for tic douloureux. Recent
      advances in technic and results.
AB  - The Ecker-Perl method of alcoholic trigeminal rhizolysis has proved to be a safe
      and effective method of treating tic douloureux in a consecutive series of 324
      patients over a period of 21 years.

PMID- 961483
TI  - Is angiographic spasm real spasm?
AB  - Systematic morphological study of the cerebral arteries was made in six autopsy
      cases of ruptured aneurysms. The time course of the arterial luminal narrowing
      was observed by repeated angiograms, and segments of the narrowed arteries were
      studied histologically. Various histological changes were found consistent with
      the angiographic findings. We have devided these into three stages according to
      the duration of the disease. In the acute stage (less than one day) the
      contraction of the medial smooth muscle cells may be the main cause of the
      luminal narrowing. In the subacute stage, arteries showed a reduction in lumen
      size with medial thickening, marked corrugation of the internal elastic lamina,
      and thrombus formation attached to the endothelial surface. If vasoconstriction
      remained localized to the same segment for several days, the intimal or medial
      thickening and thrombus might produce the luminal narrowing consistent with the
      angiographic narrowing. In the chronic stage (more than two weeks), most cases
      showed dilatation of the arterial lumen on angiography. These arteries showed
      frank necrosis of the smooth muscle cells histologically. In a case which
      demonstrated progressive luminal narrowing on angiograms over 2 weeks, the
      arterial wall showed luminal narrowing with cellulofibrous thickening of the
      intima and organization of the thrombus. The presence of these structural changes
      in the narrowed arteries seen at angiography seems to be very important for
      proper understanding and treatment of vasospasm.

PMID- 961484
TI  - Cerebral blood flow changes in acute experimental haemorrhagic vasospasm.
AB  - Subarachnoid haemorrhage was produced in 26 dogs by injecting fresh homogenous
      blood into the cysterna chiasmatica. Two types of vasospasm were observed,
      firstly segmental arterial spasm closely related to the bleeding point and
      secondly generalized arterial vasospasm not directly related to the bleeding
      point and often occurring some way from the bleeding point. Reduction in CBF
      occurred in 61% of cases and was always accompanied by radiological vasospasm.
      However, in about one quarter of the cases with vasospasm there was no alteration
      in CBF.

PMID- 961485
TI  - Dynamics of the blood pressure changes in sodium nitroprusside induced controlled
      arterial hypotension in neurosurgery.
AB  - Dynamics of the arterial blood pressure changes under the influence of
      intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SN) were studied in 12 patients
      operated on for intracranial aneurysms. Adequate measures were undertaken to
      avoid blood pressure (BP) changes due to the anaesthetic procedure itself. It was
      found that the speed of BP lowering corresponded to the rate of infusion, and
      could easily reach 10 mm Hg/min. After stopping the infusion, the BP recovery
      rate averaged a mean speed of 8.5 mm Hg/min, varying from 3.8 to 12 mm Hg/min.
      High speeds of BP lowering and recovery achieved with the use of SN are the main
      advantages of this hypotensive agent in neurosurgical procedures.

PMID- 961486
TI  - The effect of increased intracranial pressure on pressure in the superior
      sagittal sinus.
AB  - It is difficult to explain why rises in ICP provoke different types of response
      in superior sagittal sinus pressure. In most of our experimental animals there
      was close correlation between rises in ICP and SSSP. In the remainder, SSSP
      showed little increase when ICP rose. The animals with marked increase in SSSP
      showed a greater capacity for compensation for increased amounts of intracranial
      fluid.

PMID- 961487
TI  - Rheographic assessment of cerebral blood volume and correlations with changes in
      intracranial pressure.
AB  - The authors present a four electrode rheographic technique for simiquantitative
      continuous measurement of CBV, by examining changes in cerebral tissue impedance
      induced by changes in blood content of the brain parenchyma. Correlation between
      the data obtained and ICP measurements permits conclusions regarding the
      behaviour of the cerebral blood bed. pCO2 regulates CBV, and the phenomenon is
      reversible according to a hystereris shaped time course in acute experiments. The
      rebound of ICP after sudden injections of CSF into the cisterna magna is of a
      vasogenic nature. Changes in CSF volume induce contrary changes in CBV.
      Pharmacological effects can be studied. The validity of the method is discussed.

PMID- 961488
TI  - Dynamic changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure during neurosurgical operations.
AB  - The effects of hyperventilation, osmotic and diuretic agents (urea, frusemide),
      thiopentone and succinylcholine chloride on the intracranial pressure were
      studied in neurosurgical patients with brain tumours. We have shown that
      hyperventilation together with osmotic and diuretic agents is very useful for
      reducing increased intracranial pressure.

PMID- 961489
TI  - Continuous peroperative supraoccipital cisternal drainage.
AB  - 1. The technique of continuous peroperative supraoccipital cisternal drainage for
      intracranial decompression by means of a slow and progressive removal of CSF from
      the ventricles and the basal cisterns is described. 2. This procedure was used in
      eight patients with good results, considerable decompression being obtained with
      no untoward effects. 3. In four cases of intracranial aneurysm marked
      intracranial hypotension was obtained, greatly facilitating treatment of the
      lesions. 4. In four cases of brain tumour, the reduction of intracranial
      hypertension was not so great, and was complemented with general antihypertensive
      treatment. 5. Supraoccipital cisternal drainage removes intracranial CSF, but not
      the fluid in the spinal theca. The tonsils of the cerebellum are thus kept
      floating, and this, in our experience, has prevented them from impacting in the
      foramen magnum and compressing the medulla,

PMID- 961490
TI  - Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury.
AB  - The Glasgow Coma Scale, based upon eye opening, verbal and motor responses has
      proved a practical and consistent means of monitoring the state of head injured
      patients. Observations made in the early stages after injury define the depth and
      duration of coma and, when combined with clinical features such as a patient's
      age and brain stem function, have been used to predict outcome. Series of cases
      in comparable depths of coma in Glasgow and the Netherlands showed remarkably
      similar outcomes at 3 months. Based upon observations made in the first 24 hours
      of coma after injury, data from 255 previous cases reliably predicted outcome in
      the majority of 92 new patients. The exceptions were patients with potential to
      recover who later developed complications: no patient did significantly better
      than predicted.

PMID- 961491
TI  - Classification of coma.
AB  - By order of the Head Injuries Committee of the W.F.N.S. the author and his
      coworkers give definitions of consciousness, clouding of consciouness and
      unconciousness or coma. Furthermore, they suggest a definition of the termination
      of unconsciousness, with particular reference to the transition into a stage of
      clouding of consciousness. Any statistical evaluation and comparison of different
      materials depend on the use of identical definitions. As an example, it has been
      shown that the duration of aa uninterrupted coma, which can be survived, becomes
      relatively short if in accordance with the proposed definitions the various
      stages of clouding of consciousness are excluded from "coma".

PMID- 961492
TI  - Assessment of the psychosocial outcome of severe head injury.
AB  - Increasing numbers of those concerned with the primary treatment and later care
      of individuals who sustain head injuries are becoming interested in the
      development of methods for assessing the outcome of severe brain damage. In the
      past such methods seldom involved balanced consideration of the physical, mental
      and social sequelae of injury. Moreover rehabilitation, which should involve
      restoration of patients to their fullest physical, mental and social capability,
      is often biased towards the improvement of physical disability alone. The long
      lasting and chronically disabling mental changes which occur so frequently, and
      which tend to cause the greatest difficulties for patients in terms of their 
      reintegration into society, usually receive scant attention. Assessment of
      outcome necessitates evaluation of the contribution of both physiogenic and
      psychogenic factors to the patient's mental state, and thus their respective
      contributions to the degree of social integration achieved. With these points in
      mind a pilot study was designed to evaluate three simple indices of outcome-
      namely neurophysical, mental and social assessment scales. The relation of each
      scale to the severity of brain damage, assessed in terms of post-traumatic
      amnesia, was examined. The relation of the scales to each other and to measures
      of cognitive function (the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) were also
      considered, Results from 56 severely brain injured patients reveals a clear cut
      relation between the duration of post-traumatic amnesia and the measures of
      disability devised. Further, social disability was related to the level of
      physical and mental handicap, but it was the latter which caused the most severe
      problems. The level of intellectual recovery was related to all scales of
      disability and to the duration of post-traumatic amnesia, although the latter
      proved to be a less accurate predictor of the ultimate degree of intellectual
      recovery than was expected.

PMID- 961493
TI  - The blink reflex in coma and after recovery from coma.
AB  - Comparative studies of the blink reflex in a series of head injuries through the
      stages of coma and recovery from coma in a series of miscellaneous hemispheral
      lesions, and in a normal series, reveals that, although the principal centre for
      the R1 component of the blink reflex seems to be localised in the upper pons, the
      seat of the R2 late component is in the reticular system. The reappearance of
      this late component of the blink reflex in our cases of coma although seeming to
      depend on the integrity of the mesencephalic formation, correlates with the
      recovery of the patient's alertness. On the other hand, habituation of this
      reflex depends on the integrity of global cognitive function, rather than on any
      localised centre. The roles of the cortex, selective attention, and emotional
      factors, are discussed. The recovery of the normal habituation of the blink
      reflex obtained by glabellar tapping was found to be a useful sign in the follow
      up of patients recovering from concussion and other lesions, such as subdural
      haematomas and brain tumours, with global mental impairment.

PMID- 961494
TI  - Initial state, outcome, and autopsy findings in a series of 200 consecutive
      traumatic comas. A computerised analysis.
AB  - Based on 200 nonselected consecutive cases of primary traumatic coma a
      preliminary mathematical model--computed, multiple linear regression analysis-
      has been developed, which seems to be suitable for calculating the prognosis from
      some initial anamnestic and clinical data. It is to be expected that the analysis
      of greater material will help to establish an even better model, e.g. by a more
      detailed age subdivision and choice of more or other factors. It is the aim of
      this report to encourage further work in this field.

PMID- 961495
TI  - Intracranial circulatory insufficiency. Surgery of carotid atheroma.
AB  - Clinical and radiological studies are presented from 81 cases of intracranial
      circulatory insufficiency due to extracranial atherosclerosis, and the results of
      surgical treatment are given.

PMID- 961496
TI  - New approach to brain tumour chemoradiotherapy with cellular synchronization by
      colcemid.
AB  - Cellular synchronization using Colcemid as pretreatment for combined
      chemoradiotherapy was investigated. C6 rat brain tumour was cultured in RPMI
      medium containing 10(-5)-10(-7) Mol. of Colcemid for 24 hours. The basic cell
      kinetics were analysed with a Pulse Cytophotometer, which facilitated the
      analysis of tumour cell cycle phase distribution according to the DNA content.
      The effect of Colcemid depended on the concentration, and the minimal
      concentration showing continuous blocking during 48 hours after removal of the
      drug was 10(-6) Mol. G1 fraction of 2 C DNA content was reduced from 74% to 36%.
      G2-M phase of 4 C DNA content increased from 9% to 28%. S phase cells increased
      from 17% to 31%. Polyploid cells in the Tetraploid cell cycle could be
      recognized. The remaining 36% of cells within the GO + G1 peak of 2 C DNA content
      were considered to be diploid GO cells.

PMID- 961497
TI  - Mathematical analysis (fast Fourier transform) of the ultrasonic echo pulsation
      curve in brain diseases.
AB  - The ultrasonic pulsation curve can be analysed by the computer. This technique
      has been useful for measuring haemodynamics. We detected prodromal signs of
      rebleeding from an intracranial aneurysm.

PMID- 961498
TI  - Recovery from experimental paraplegia after levodopa administration.
AB  - In decompression sickness and during some surgical procedures, air emboli that
      form sometimes cause serious damage if the gas bubbles find their way to the
      vital organs. Paralysis of the spinal cord is one of the most serious
      manifestations induced by air emboli. Exposure to compression chambers is
      effective in air emboli treatment, but availability of chambers is inadequate and
      the treatment is lengthy. Until now there has been no fully effective injectable
      agent that can remedy the damage caused by air embolization. In this work
      levodopa was chosen as an injectable drug that might help to improve recovery
      from experimental paraplegia because of the reported effects of levodopa on
      muscle tone, spasticity and locomotion. To induce air emboli, the descending
      aorta of rats was chronically cannulated. Two weeks later, after full recovery
      from surgery, air was injected through the chronically implanted cannula into
      unanesthetized rats (0.35 ml of air per 100 g, during 4 sec). The paraplegia
      (paralysis of both hind legs) was manifested 2-10 minutes later. Only animals
      that had total paraplegia, without any sensation, were used in the experiments.
      Levodopa was administered 2 minutes after paraplegia was established. The
      levodopa treatment was repeated each day during one week. After six days, ten
      levodopa treated (intra-arterially) animals in a group of twelve and six levodopa
      treated (intraperitoneally) animals in a group of eight recovered completely from
      paraplegia. In control groups only three from thirteen (untreated), or two from
      twelve (solvent administration) animals recovered from paraplegia.

PMID- 961499
TI  - Molecular evidence for a viral etiology of human CNS tumors.
AB  - The newer methods of molecular virology, including molecular hybridization and
      the "simultaneous detection test," were used to examine human brain tumors for
      evidence of RNA tumor viruses. It was found that they contained 70S RNA and RNA
      directed DNA polymerase, both encapsulated in a particle possessing a density of
      1.17 g/ml. These particles therefore satisfy the three diagnostic features that
      characterize the animal RNA tumor viruses. Of 26 of the most malignant
      (glioblastoma and medullo blastoma) brain tumors examined, 24 (92%) contained
      these virus-like entities. The possible usefulness of these particles as aids in
      diagnosis and monitoring therapy is briefly discussed.

PMID- 961500
TI  - Monoamine acid metabolites in ventricular CSF of patients with brain tumours.
AB  - Homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in ventricular CSF
      were determined in 19 patients (12 female 7 male) with brain tumours. No
      relationship was found between ventricular fluid pressure (VFP) and levels of HVA
      and 5-HIAA. A relationship was observed between ventricular CSF, HVA
      concentrations and tumour induced alterations in CSF dynamics. HVA concentrations
      were very high in patients whose tumours involved the third ventricle, the
      aqueduct, or the fourth ventricle, producing marked alterations in CSF flow. HVA
      concentrations significantly lower than in controls were observed in cases where
      tumours involved the lateral ventricles. Concentrations of acid metabolites in
      patients with little or no alteration in CSF dynamics corresponded with those in
      patients with other neurosurgical disorders.

PMID- 961501
TI  - Microsurgical lumbosacral ganglionectomy, anatomic rationale, and surgical
      results.
AB  - Recent anatomic and physiologic work suggests that there may be substantial
      numbers of unmyelinated sensory axons in the ventral roots. The cell bodies of
      origin for these unmyelinated axons would presumably be located in the dorsal
      ganglion. We have performed 18 microsurgical lumbosacral ganglionectomies over
      the past two years for chronic lumbosacral pain syndromes. In spite of
      preoperative nerve block trials, good results were obtained in only 10 of 18
      patients. Four patients obtained some pain relief, and four patients no pain
      relief whatsoever. Microganglionectomy in the lumbosacral area is probably easier
      technically than the more traditional intradural rhizotomy, but may not yield any
      better results.

PMID- 961502
TI  - Changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid enzyme activity after head injury.
AB  - We studied simultaneously in serum (S) and CSF (L) the enzyme activities of GOT,
      GPT, LDH, ICDH, MDH, ALD, and CPK in 28 patients with head injuries divided into
      three groups according to the severity of the trauma. We found a correlation
      between severity of brain lesion and enzyme activity. The best correlation was
      found for SGOT, SCPK, LGOT, LLDH, LMDH and LCPK. We do not believe that enzyme
      activity is of prognostic value. We think that further studies should be made of
      the specific isoenzymes of the Central Nervous System.

PMID- 961503
TI  - Cytotoxic antibodies in preoperative glioma patients: a diagnostic assay.
AB  - The use of a microcytotoxicity test for complement-dependent serum antibodies
      cytotoxic to cultured astrocytoma cells has been explored as an aid in the
      diagnosis of brain tumors. Fourteen of 21 randomly selected preoperative glioma
      patients (67%) had antibodies detectable by this assay in contrast to 4 of 21
      normal blood donors (19%). Five of the glioma patients (24%) were strongly
      positive (cytotoxic index greater than 80-80) while none of the controls was in
      this range. Although positive responses were seen in patients with tumors of
      every grade, only 6 of 11 patients with astrocytomas of Grades I-III were
      positive as compared to 8 of 9 patients with Grade IV astrocytomas. The
      microcytotoxicity test used is simple, inexpensive and capable of being performed
      on an outpatient basis. It is concluded that this assay has usefulness both as a
      screening technique and as a diagnostic adjunct for patients suspected of having
      brain tumors.

PMID- 961504
TI  - Heterologous antibodies in human and rat's glioblastoma.
AB  - IgG from immunized rabbits was labelled with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate, and
      conjugated in vitro with human and with rat glioblastoma. After absorption of the
      antisera with normal brain and liver, a heavy concentration of antibody was found
      in the rat tumour cells. A great amount of antibody was also found in the human
      neoplastic cells. The incorporation of this antibody in glioma cells of different
      rats developing new tumours indicates that transplantation antigens of the H-2
      type are not the only ones capable of inducing specific antibody attachment.

PMID- 961505
TI  - Change of local spinal cord blood flow in acute ischaemia.
AB  - The local blood flow of the spinal cord was recorded by the hydrogen
      polarographic method with platinum electrodes. The blood flow and its changes
      were measured during acute ischaemia caused by compression of the thoracic aorta,
      and also after release of compression. Ten cats were included in these
      experiments, and more than 100 measurements were made in the lumbar region of the
      spinal cord. In the grey matter a high flow was observed in every case,
      resembling that in the cerebral cortex. Reduction of the lumen of the thoracic
      aorta by one half resulted in a 23%, and by three quarters in a 60-70% decrease
      in blood flow. With total occlusion there was practically entire cessation of
      flow. Rapid restitution of blood supply in the grey matter of the spinal cord
      caused a 65%, and in the white matter a 170% increase in blood flow due to
      reactive hyperaemia. Normal flow rates returned within 2-2.5 minutes.

PMID- 961506
TI  - A long term observation of local cerebral blood flow using the hydrogen gas
      clearance technique.
AB  - Local blood flow was estimated in the cerebral hemispheres of conscious goats
      using implanted platinum electrodes and the hydrogen gas clearance technique over
      periods of several weeks. During the first days of the experiments the blood flow
      rate was either below 27 ml/100 g/min. or above 40 ml/100 g/min. A gradual
      decrease in flow was observed over five weeks. The final flow values were between
      20 ml/100 g/min. and 30 ml/100 g/min. Carotid injections of serotonin,
      noradrenalin, or metaoxamine, and inhalation of 5% carbon dioxide produced only
      insignificant changes in local blood flow. The cause of the slow decrease of flow
      and the change from a biexponential to a monoexponential curve may be explained
      by local tissue changes during the observation periods.

PMID- 961507
TI  - Ultrastructural findings after microsurgical interventions on the carotid artery
      of the rat.
AB  - For 10 years, it has been known that operations on vessels 1 mm in diameter are
      possible. The application of microvascular techniques to neurosurgery demands
      microscopic and ultrastructural examinations of the effects of such interventions
      on small vessels. Histological examinations can help to provide answers to
      questions concerning operating technique, ultrastructural examinations give
      information on the indications for operation. Since these questions have not been
      studied previously, preliminary examinations on easily accessible vessels are
      necessary. For this purpose, the common carotid artery of the rat was chosen.
      Histological and ultrastructural examinations were carried out on end-to-end
      anastomoses of these vessels. The ultrastructural findings are described and
      compared with anatomical findings in normal and abnormal vessels in the rat.

PMID- 961508
TI  - Experimental middle cerebral artery microsurgical embolectomy.
AB  - The canine middle cerebral has been embolized using the method of Molinari.
      Microsurgical embolectomies were done at two hours and six hours post-embolism.
      Animals done at two hours remained virtually intact neurologically, and hence
      fared better than control dogs whose embolus remained in place. Animals done six
      hours post embolism had increased neurologic morbidity and mortality as compared
      to the controls. Pathologic study revealed hemorrhagic infarctions in 50% of the
      animals done six hours post embolism.

PMID- 961509
TI  - Some observations on the microneurosurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
AB  - This paper reports a retrospective study of the microneurosurgical management of
      intracranial aneurysm in 133 patients. Good or fair results were obtained in 76%,
      12% of patients had a poor result and the mortality was 12%. Major factors which
      were found to influence the outcome of surgery were: pre-operatively, the
      Botterell grade of the patient, pre-existing systemic hypertension and the time
      interval between the last subarachnoid haemorrhage and surgery. Post-operatively,
      the development of cerebral vasospasm was associated with a poor outcome from
      surgery. Better results might be obtained from the surgery of intracranial
      aneurysm by delaying operation to the second week after subarachnoid haemorrhage
      and by better management of hypertensive patients pre-operatively and patients
      who develop cerebral vasospasm post-operatively.

PMID- 961510
TI  - [Elastic pseudoxanthoma].

PMID- 961511
TI  - [Editorial: Research and classification of leprosy].

PMID- 961512
TI  - [Serological survey of syphilis in the Dermatological dispeusary of Zaragoza].

PMID- 961513
TI  - [Familial cutaneous leiomyomas].

PMID- 961514
TI  - [Schonlein Henoch purpura (anaphylactoid purpura, rheumatoid purpura). Review of
      its history, concept, evolutional and clinical characteristics].

PMID- 961515
TI  - [Stromatic reaction in various forms of cutaneous epitheliomas].

PMID- 961516
TI  - [Epidermodysplasia verruciformis with malignant degeneration. Negative search of
      Paova virus in malignant lesions].

PMID- 961517
TI  - [Brocq-Lyell syndrome].

PMID- 961518
TI  - [Physiological action of the marine subtropical climate on the skin].

PMID- 961519
TI  - [Histopathology of contact eczema].

PMID- 961520
TI  - [Editorial: Immobility in cosmetology].

PMID- 961521
TI  - [Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (2 findings of positive Australia antigen)].

PMID- 961522
TI  - [Morphology of Leishmaniasis Americana in its intracellular state in human skin].

PMID- 961523
TI  - [Primary cutaneous amyloidosis].

PMID- 961524
TI  - [A tropical zoodermatosis. Lesions produced by Cordylobia antropophaga].

PMID- 961525
TI  - [Epidermolytic ichthyosis. Apropos of a clinical case].

PMID- 961526
TI  - [Mandor's disease. 1st case in Spain].

PMID- 961527
TI  - [Treatment of candidasis granuloma with "transfer factor"].

PMID- 961528
TI  - Evidence for participation of NADH-dependent reductase in the reaction of
      benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase (benzoate hydroxylase).

PMID- 961529
TI  - Subunit structure of nonheme iron-containing dioxygenases.

PMID- 961530
TI  - Structural investigations of the environment of the iron-sulfur cluster of the 2
      iron ferredoxins.

PMID- 961531
TI  - Current status of the sequence studies of the Pseudomonas putida camphor
      hydroxylase system.

PMID- 961532
TI  - Highly purified cytochrome P-450 from liver microsomal membranes: recent studies
      on the mechanism of catalysis.

PMID- 961533
TI  - Characterization of purified cytochrome P-450scc and P-450(11)beta from bovine
      adrenocortical mitochondria.

PMID- 961534
TI  - The role of cytochrome P-450 in the regulation of steroid biosynthesis.
AB  - A cytochrome P-450 from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria has been purified to
      near homogeneity. The protein catalyzes side-chain cleavage of cholesterol
      (cholesterol leads to pregnenolone) but neither 11beta- nor 18-hydroxylation. It
      consists of 16 subunits of two species (MW 52,000) and contains 8 heme groups.
      The enzyme has been used to determine the stoichiometry of side-chain cleavage
      with the following results: (TPNH and O2 consumed/mole of cleavage), cholesterol
      3:3:1, 20S-hydroxycholesterol 2:2:1 and 20S,22R-dihydroxycholesterol 1:1:1. These
      findings support the occurrence of the proposed pathway for the side-chain
      cleavage of cholesterol. Cleavage of the diol is inhibited by CO and shows a
      characteristic P-450 photochemical action spectrum. Evidently the diol is cleaved
      in a typical monoxygenase reaction. The active form of the enzyme contains 16
      subunits (protein 16); forms consisting of 8 (protein 8) and 4 (protein 4)
      subunits can be isolated and are enzymatically active only by prior conversion to
      protein 16.

PMID- 961535
TI  - Is indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase another heme and copper containing enzyme?

PMID- 961536
TI  - Copper content of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.

PMID- 961537
TI  - X-ray absorption spectroscopy: probing the chemical and electronic structure of
      metalloproteins.

PMID- 961538
TI  - Forman catalytic mechanism of ascorbate oxidase.

PMID- 961539
TI  - Chemistry and biology of copper-chelatin.

PMID- 961540
TI  - Structural studies of electron transfer proteins from sulfate reducing bacteria:
      the amino acid sequence of two rubredoxins isolated from Desulfovibrio vulgaris
      and Desulfovibrio gigas.

PMID- 961541
TI  - Circular dichroism study of bovine plasma amine oxidase, a Cu-amine oxidase.

PMID- 961542
TI  - Sequence investigation of the Clostridium pasteurianum nitrogenase: the partial
      amino acid sequence of azoferredoxin.

PMID- 961543
TI  - Contractile effects of histamine in large and small respiratory airways.
AB  - The described technique allows recording of circular smooth muscle activity in
      isolated airways approx. 1 mm in diameter (bronchioles). It also allows recording
      of graded contractile and relaxant responses to drugs. Bronchiolar preparations
      and spirally cut airways (diameters 3-6 mm) were obtained from cat, dog, guinea
      pig and man. Histamine is shown to contract cat bronchioles, large airways in cat
      being unaffected. The contraction is blocked by brompheniramine, but not by
      atropine. Other contractile agents, cholinoceptor-stimulants, prostaglandin
      F2alpha'5-hydroxy-tryptamine, and potassium contract the isolated cat airways
      irrespective of their size. In preparations from dog, guinea-pig and
      man,histamine was shown to contract both small and large respiratory airways. The
      effect was blocked by brompheniramine, which did not change the effect of
      acetylcholine or pilocarpine. Both large and small airways contracted to
      cholinoceptor stimulation Within species, small and large airways were similarly
      sensitive to the contractile agents, except for histamine in cat airways. The
      present findings show a size-and species dependent effect of histamine in
      respiratory airways. The effect of histamine in isolated cat airways might partly
      explain the pulmonary effect of histamine in vivo. The importance of including
      both small and large airways in studies of contractile and relaxant effects is
      emphasized.

PMID- 961544
TI  - Editorial: European Biological Research Association.

PMID- 961545
TI  - An investigation of the therapeutic value of the 'copper bracelet'-dermal
      assimilation of copper in arthritic/rheumatoid conditions.
AB  - From over 300 arthritis sufferers, half of whom previously wore 'copper
      bracelets', three treatment-group-subjects were randomly allocated for a
      psychological study. This involved wearing 'copper bracelets' and placebo
      bracelets (amodised aluminum resembling copper) alternately. These groups, as
      also a control group, answered questionnaires. The copper bracelets were weighed
      before and after use. Preliminary results show that, to a significant number of
      subjects, the wearing of the 'copper bracelet' appeared to have some therapeutic
      value. A study of the components of sweat and the solubility of copper in sweat
      was carried out. In five sweat samples, the copper concentration was of the order
      2 x 10(-5) M and after equilibrating with copper turnings at room temperature for
      24 hours the samples turned blue in colour and contained approximately 2 x 10(-3)
      M copper. The permeability of skin to copper containing solutions has also been
      discussed. It has also been shown that the wearing of a 'copper bracelet' results
      in a weight loss in excess of the body's total burden of copper (100-150 mg). A
      pair of copper bracelets lost 80 mg in 50 days when worn around the ankles and a
      copper bracelet worn around the wrist also lost about 90 mg in that time.

PMID- 961546
TI  - Protection by phalloidin against lethal doses of phalloidin.
AB  - Tolerated doses of phalloidin, a toxin from the mushroom Amanita phalloides,
      protect mice against lethal doses of phalloidin. Resistance is conferred by the
      1/10 LD95 of phalloidin and sets in at about 8 hours after the pretreatment.

PMID- 961547
TI  - Inactivation of bradykinin the plumonary circulation.
AB  - Bradykinin is very efficiently inactivated on passage through the pulmonary
      circulation by enzymes on the vascular walls. Several different cleavages of the
      bradykinin molecule have been observed; one appears to be due to angiotensin
      converting enzyme. Several types of inhibitors have been useful in the study of
      these pulmonary peptidases and have helped increase understanding of the
      functioning of the angiotensin and plasma kinin systems.

PMID- 961548
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis, metabolism and transport of prostaglandins by the
      lung.

PMID- 961549
TI  - Release of spasmogens from lung by physical stimuli.

PMID- 961550
TI  - Comparative studies of academic achievement between hearing impaired and non
      hearing impaired students at California State University Northridge.

PMID- 961551
TI  - Comments on CSUN program.

PMID- 961552
TI  - Intensive interpreter training.

PMID- 961553
TI  - Deaf students in group problem solving situations: a study of the interactive
      process.

PMID- 961554
TI  - Impulsivity and profound early deafness: a cross cultural inquiry.

PMID- 961555
TI  - Guidelines for audiology programs in educational settings for hearing impaired
      children.

PMID- 961556
TI  - Modification of oral reading disfluency by a paced reading procedure. II-An
      experimental evaluation.

PMID- 961557
TI  - Stationary bike adapted for flywheel effect.

PMID- 961558
TI  - Procedures for seeking and gaining approval to establish clinical training
      programs in Veterans Adminstration health care  facilities.

PMID- 961559
TI  - Syphilis--recommended treatment schedules, 1976.

PMID- 961560
TI  - The emotional aftermath of adoption.
AB  - Adopted children are emotionally vulnerable. Adoptive parents must cope with more
      complex problems than biologic parents. The family physician can provide valuable
      counseling. Preadoption counseling focuses on motivation and ambivalence. After
      adoption, however, serious, sometimes predictable, issues arise, such as: how and
      when to tell the child he is adopted; the child's search for knowledge; the
      problem of subsequent divorce; the birth of a natural sibling, and the
      involvement of other family members. New concepts include "open adoption" and
      "single parent adoption."

PMID- 961561
TI  - Ultrasound in obstetrics.

PMID- 961562
TI  - New nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 961563
TI  - Influenza: current concepts.
AB  - Changes in surface antigens make preparation of an effective vaccine against the
      influenza virus a difficult job. When the changes are small (antigenic drift), a
      vaccine can be expected to be of some value; when larger changes occur (antigenic
      shift), its effectiveness is greatly curtailed. Improvements in the purification
      process for the vaccine have greatly lessened the incidence and severity of
      reactions. Although the current vaccines are still imperfect, they represent the
      best available control.

PMID- 961564
TI  - Management of ocular foreign bodies.
AB  - Fluorescein staining is helpful in diagnosis. Many conjunctival foreign bodies
      can be removed by swab or irrigation, without anesthesia. Cycloplegics can
      prevent painful ciliary spasm. A surgical opening may be required for deeply
      embedded objects. Topical anesthesia is required for corneal foreign body
      removal. Caution: x-rays must be made to rule out intraocular foreign bodies in
      cases of flying metal. Rust rings must be removed. Mydriatics or cycloplegics can
      precipitate glaucoma. Corneal abrasions are easily infected. Secondary iritis may
      follow deeply embedded foreign bodies.

PMID- 961565
TI  - Diabetic osteopathy of the foot and ankle.
AB  - Neuropathic osteopathy of the foot and ankle is almost always due to underlying
      diabetes mellitus. The "Charcot joint," or destructive type, affects the ankle or
      tarsal area, and the "bone absorption," or mutilating type, usually affects the
      forefoot. If both types are present in the feet, it is almost certain that the
      patient is a diabetic. While these findings are usually seen in patients with
      long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes, they may be the first indication of
      diabetes.

PMID- 961566
TI  - Caring for the hypochondriac.
AB  - The patient's manner and the content of his complaints offer early diagnostic
      leads. The hypochondriac clings to his symptoms. Rather than relief, his goal is
      forming a relationship with the doctor that provides care and understanding. The
      physician's goal must be the provision of this care in such manner as to
      reassure, treat sparingly and convert this potentially fatal illness to a chronic
      disorder with which the patient can function to the limits of his capabilities.

PMID- 961567
TI  - Editorial: persistent truncus arteriosus: a comment.

PMID- 961568
TI  - Viral coronary arteritis and myocardial infarction.
AB  - Two young male patients are described in whom a viral type of upper respiratory
      tract infection was followed by myocardial infarction. Based upon previously
      reported experimental studies in mice and monkeys in which Coxsackie B4 virus
      produced extensive coronary arterial and capillary injury, and upon the clinical
      data in these two patients, it is suggested that the myocardial infarcts in our
      two patients were the result of viral coronary arteritis.

PMID- 961569
TI  - Drugs in the management of hypertension. Part II.

PMID- 961570
TI  - Blood pressure in women taking oral contraceptives.

PMID- 961571
TI  - Paradoxical pulse-revisited.

PMID- 961572
TI  - Chronic propranolol administration and acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 961573
TI  - Of teaspoons, tablespoons and droppers.

PMID- 961574
TI  - Letter: Letters to the editor.

PMID- 961575
TI  - A comparative study of 48 host valve and 24 prosthetic valve endocarditis cases.
AB  - Forty-eight cases of host valve endocarditis and 24 cases of prosthetic valve
      endocarditis occurring during a concurrent period of time were analyzed to assess
      differences between the two groups. The over-all incidence of prosthetic valve
      endocarditis during this 40 month period was 4.4%. The symptoms and signs in both
      groups were similar, except that PVE patients had more frequent occurrences of
      changing heart murmurs and splenic and cerebral emboli. Spleen scans may be
      helpful in the diagnosis of selected cases of culture-negative prosthetic valve
      endocarditis. There was no significant difference between the two groups for the
      various infecting microorganisms. However, the culture-negative prosthetic valve
      group had a mortality rate of 77.7% compared to 46.2% for the host valve group.
      In the HVE patients the oral cavity or urinary tract was the probable source of
      infection in 50.0% of the patients. In about one third of HVE cases, there was
      strong evidence that the infection was related to a therapeutic procedure,
      whereas nearly half of the PVE patients had clinical evidence of an extracardiac
      infection at the time of open-heart surgery. We emphasize the need for good pre-
      and postoperative surveillance to eliminate possible predisposing infections and
      appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis in all patients with valvular disease at times
      of risk. The survival rate in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis was
      highest in those patients who received "appropriate" antibiotics and, if
      significant congestive heart failure was present, surgical intervention was
      necessary.

PMID- 961576
TI  - A comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal treadmill stress testing.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to compare the results from four commonly
      used maximal treadmill stress tests: Balke, Bruce, Ellestad, and a continuous
      multistage running protocol. The results compared serial and maximal heart rate,
      metabolic demands, and ECG determinations. Fifty-one healthy men, 35 to 55 years
      of age, volunteered for this study and were dichotomized into trained and
      untrained subjects. Regression analyses showed all the tests to correlate highly.
      No significant differences were found between tests at maximum for V02, heart
      rate, and blood pressure, except for V02 for the Balke as compared to the running
      protocol (39 vs. 41 ml./Kg-min). The Balke protocol showed lower values at
      maximum in VE and RP than the other three tests as well as the most gradual rate
      of progression in MET cost (0.5 METS per minute). The increase for the Bruce and
      Ellestad tests was from 1 to 1.5 METS per minute, and a rapid initial increase (9
      METS in the first 3 minutes) made the running test undesirable as a screening
      method. Although serial plots of heart rate and MET costs were similar to those
      previously reported for different population samples, the present data further
      refined these values. Finally, a nomograph comparing treadmill time and V02, max.
      for the Balke, Bruce, and Ellestad tests was developed from these data.

PMID- 961577
TI  - The effects of increased blood viscosity on pulmonary vascular resistance.
AB  - The isolated left lower lobes of 15 dogs' lungs were perfused by means of a
      roller pump with blood at hematocrit values ranging from 31 to 80 per cent.
      Pressure-flow curves were constructed at blood flow rates from one half to three
      times the normal flow for the left lower lobe at each hematocrit level. The
      perfusion pressure was normalized with reference to the normal hematocrit(38 to
      48 per cent) and normal blood flow for the left lower lobe (20 ml. per kilogram
      per minute). From these normalized pressure-flow curves, normalized resistance
      flow curves were constructed at different mean hematocrit levels. Regression
      lines were drawn relating normalized pulmonary vascular resistance to hematocrit
      at different rates of pulmonary blood flow which might be found in patients with
      congenital heart disease. It was found that pulmonary vascular resistance rose in
      an exponential fashion as the hematocrit was increased, and that the blood
      viscosity determined both the shape of the resistance-flow curve and magnitude of
      the increase in resistance to pulmonary blood flow, especially when the pulmonary
      blood flow was less than normal and the hematocrit was greater than 54 per cent.
      The family of regression lines relating pulmonary vascular resistance to
      hematocrit at different flow rates may be used clinically in patients with
      congenital heart disease and polycythemia to determine if an elevated pulmonary
      vascular resistance is due to increased blood viscosity or obstructive pulmonary
      vascular disease. It is concluded that an increased blood viscosity due to
      polycythemia significantly alters the pulmonary hemodynamics of patients with
      congenital heart disease with either increased or decreased pulmonary blood flow.
      Increased blood viscosity may play an important part in the early initiation and
      development of pulmonary arteriosclerosis in patients with transposition of the
      great arteries.

PMID- 961578
TI  - Comparison of left atrial size and pulmonary capillary pressure with P wave of
      electrocardiogram.
AB  - The amplitude and duration of P waves in Leads II (P II), P terminal force in V1,
      (PV1) and the sums of P II and PV1 were compared in 37 subjects with left atrial
      size obtained by echocardiographic technique in 36 instances and with hemodynamic
      estimates of pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in 16 cases. The 22 females and
      15 males were subdivided into the following groups. Group I, four normal
      subjects, Group II, 11 patients with predominant aortic insufficiency (two of
      whom had a mild mitral insufficiency); Group III, 14 patients with mitral valve
      disease, seven of whom had mitral insufficiency (two with minimal aortic
      insufficiency) Group IIIa) and seven had mitral stenosis (Group IIIb); Group IV,
      eight patients with miscellaneous disorders, i.e., coronary artery disease (5),
      hypertension (2), and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (1). Good
      correlations were obtained between left atrial size and P in Lead II (P II) (r =
      0.74; p less than 0.001) and between P terminal force in V1 (PV1) and left atrial
      size (r = -0.69; p less than 0.001). In Group IV good correlation between PV1 and
      atrial size was noted. Some correlation between the sum of P II and PV1 and left
      atrial size (r = 0.51; p less than 0.02) was noted, but a better correlation was
      obtained in the patients with aortic insufficiency (r = 0.80; p less than 0.01).
      Pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were not reflected in changes in P II or PV1,
      except for the group with mitral stenosis (Group IIIb). Adding P II to PV1
      improved the correlation with wedge pressure for the entire group.

PMID- 961579
TI  - Postoperative hypertension: a hazard of abrupt cessation of antihypertensive
      medication in the preoperative period.

PMID- 961580
TI  - Rupture of interventricular septum in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Three cases of rupture of the interventricular septum occurring coincident with
      acute inferior myocardial infarction are reported and the relevant literature is
      reviewed. One patient under-went successful surgical repair and, in addition, had
      an aneurysmectomy. Clues and pitfalls in diagnosis as well as the possible
      confusion with ruptured papillary muscle are discussed. Due to a dual blood
      supply to the interventricular septum, rupture occurs most often in the setting
      of advanced, diffuse coronary artery disease. Hypertension or other factors may
      be of lesser importance. Early surgical approach is advocated and may of
      necessity include infarctectomy, aneurysmectomy, and coronary artery by-pass
      surgery in addition ot repair of the ruptured interventricular septum. Use of an
      intraaortic balloon counterpulsator may prove to be of considerable help in the
      preoperative and postoperative management of these patients.

PMID- 961581
TI  - Editorial: Mitral valve prolapse: a plea for unanimity.

PMID- 961582
TI  - Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade with alprenolol on ST-segment depression and
      circulatory dynamics during exercise in patients with effort angina.
AB  - 1. Nine subjects with severe coronary artery disease were studied during graded
      "sprint" and "steady-state" exercise before and after intravenous administration
      of the beta-receptor antagonist alprenolol. During "sprint" workload was
      increased every minute until maximum work capacity (Wmax) was reached. "Steady
      state" exercise was performed at work rates of 0.250, 0.50, and 0.75 of each
      subject's sprint Wmax. Variables measured included ST-segment depression, changes
      in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory gas exchange, and arterial blood
      composition. Cardiac output (indirect Fick) was measured during "steady-state"
      exercise. 2. Alprenolol did not alter Wmax during "sprint" but reduced the
      incidence of angina in both types of exercise. After the drug work capacity was
      limited by symptoms and signs suggestive of mild left ventricular failure. 3. The
      relationship between workload (normalized in terms of Wmax) and ST-segment
      depression was curvilinear. Under control conditions a given rate of work during
      "steady-state" exercise was assocaited with more marked ST-segment depression
      than during "sprint". Alprenolol displaced the work-ST-depression curve to the
      right in each type of exercise; now a given rate of work produced similar ST
      depressing during "steady-state" and "sprint" exercise. 4. Alprenolol attentuated
      the exercise tachycardia during both types of exercise. Cardiac output was lower
      in "steady-state" exercise after the drug than under control conditions.
      Metabolic effects included significant reduction in body oxygen consumption after
      alpreprenolol at 0.25 Wmax and diminished arterial lactate at 0.75 Wmax. The
      beneficial effects of the drug thus appeared to involve not only cardiac but
      peripheral effects on beta receptors. 5. Before alprenolol cardiac output was
      relatively fixed at all workloads, but after the drug there was a work-related
      rise in output in five out of nine subjects. Comparison with data in normal
      subjects suggested that in anginal subjects cardiac output at low "steady-state"
      workloads was inappropriately high.

PMID- 961583
TI  - Incidence and morphology of carotid shudders in aortic valve disease.
AB  - The incidence and morphology of shudders in carotid arterial pulse tracings were
      examined in 73 patients with aortic valve disease documented by cardiac
      catheterization. Two forms of carotid shudder were recorded: coarse and fine.
      Shudders were present in 67 per cent of patients with aortic stenosis, 48 per
      cent of patients with aortic insufficiency, and 57 per cent of patients with
      mixed aortic stenosis and insufficiency. No significant difference existed among
      these three groups of patients with respect to the over-all incidence of carotid
      shudders or with respect to the incidence of coarse or fine shudders. In patients
      with aortic insufficiency, stroke volume index (Fick) and phonocardiographic
      systolic ejection murmur amplitude were significantly greater (p less than 0.01,
      p less than 0.001, respectively) in those with coarse carotid shudders compared
      with those manifesting fine or absent shudders. Loud, flow-related, systolic
      ejection murmurs of aortic insufficiency are capable of producing radial
      vibrations in the aortic wall which are recorded as carotid shudders. The finding
      of a carotid shudder in a patient with aortic valve disease does not enable the
      physician to distinguish between stenosis, insufficiency, or mixed stenosis and
      insufficiency.

PMID- 961584
TI  - Comparison of the effects of atrial and ventricular stimulation on sinus node
      function in man.
AB  - Although sinus node function has been evaluated during premature atrial
      stimulation, no study of retrograde ventriculoatrial sinus node activation
      following premature ventricular stimuli has been reported. The purpose of this
      study was to investigate the production of compensatory and noncompensatory
      pauses by premature ventricular contractions through a comparison of the effects
      of atrial and ventricular stimulation on sinus node function. Eleven patients in
      sinus rhythm were studied with programmed introduction of premature atrial and
      ventricular stimuli outside the ventricular vulnerable period. The onset of sinus
      node reset, duration of return sinus cycle (A2-A3) during reset, and estimated
      sinoatrial conduction times were recorded. Sinus node function during premature
      ventricular stimulation was approximated by utilizing the interval between the
      last sinus beat and onset of retrograde atrial depolarization (A1-A2 interval).
      The return cycle length (A2-A3) during sinus reset compared at equal A1-A2
      intervals was significantly less with ventriculoatrial conduction (1,145 +/- 52
      msec. atrial vs. 1,076 +/- 52 msec ventriculoatrial; P less than 0.01 by paired t
      test) and the estimated sinoatrial conduction time was significantly less with
      ventriculoatrial conduction (71 +/- 7 msec. atrial vs. 25 +/- 7 msec.
      ventriculoatrial; P less than 0.01 by paired t test). Ventriculoatrial sinus
      reset occurred later in the sinus cycle than atrial reset in three of seven
      patients with sinus reset produced by both atrial and ventricular prematures.
      This study shows that the effects of ventriculoatrial conduction on sinus node
      function are significantly different from those of atrial stimulation alone. The
      return sinus cycle length during reset and estimated sinoatrial conduction time
      are significantly reduced with ventriculoatrial conduction. Although the zones of
      sinus reset with atrial and ventricular stimulation are approximately equal,
      ventriculoatrial depolarization may produce sinus reset later in the sinus cycle
      in some cases.

PMID- 961585
TI  - Similarity of renal glomerular hemodynamics in mammals.

PMID- 961586
TI  - ECG and VCG changes in experimental hemiblock and bifascicular block.
AB  - ECG and VCG changes in QRS configuration before and after left anterior
      subdivision block (LASB), isolated and combined with right bundle branch block
      (LASB combined with RBBB), were studied in canine hearts. In another series left
      posterior subdivision block (LPSB), isolated and combined with right bundle
      branch block (LPSB combined with RBBB), were also performed. With LASB, the A QRS
      axis deviated superiorly to the left and the QRS duration showed no significant
      prolongation. Additional RBBB to the existing LASB, moreover, rotated the A QRS
      axis counterclockwise, and prolonged the QRS duration significantly. With LPSB,
      the axis was deviated inferiorly to the right and the QRS duration showed no
      significant prolongation. Additional RBBB to the existing LPSB rotated the A QRS
      axis clockwise. The QRS duration showed significant prolongation.
      Vectorcardiographically, the initial part of the QRS loop did not show any
      essential changes with either LASB or LPSB. The main and terminal parts of the
      QRS loop, however, were deviated superiorly and to the left with LASB and
      inferiorly and to the right with LPSB. No changes were observed in the direction
      of rotation of QRS loop with either subdivision block. From these results it
      appears that the changes in the terminal forces are more of importance than the
      initial forces in the diagnosis of hemiblock.

PMID- 961587
TI  - Propranolol in experimental myocardial ischemia: dissociation of effects on
      contraction and epicardial ST segments.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that propranolol decreases the extent of myocardial
      injury in acute ischemia. Although other studies have shown that global
      myocardial performance is depressed, zonal effects of propranolol in this setting
      are unknown. Therefore, the effect of propranolol (1.0 mg. per kilogram) was
      investigated in nine dogs with the use of Walton-Brodie strain gauge arches and
      local epicardial electrograms (10 to 12 sites). The heart rate effects of
      propranolol were controlled by atrial pacing. After coronary occlusion, heart
      rate increased slightly without a significant change in blood pressure. Following
      the infusion of propranolol, heart rate decreased significantly from 165.0 +/-
      3.5 to 126.2 +/- 4.7 beats per minute (p less than 0.001) while both the systolic
      and diastolic blood pressures showed insignificant changes. After coronary
      occlusion, nonischemic zone tension showed no significant changes; however,
      propranolol decreased total tension from 105.2 +/- 2.5 per cent to 66.8 +/- 4.7
      (p less than 0.001). Similarly, propranolol further decreased total tension in
      the border zone from 84.4 +/- 6.7 per cent (p less than .02) to 50.6 +/- 5.1 (p
      less than 0.01). Ischemic zone tension also fell further (p less than 0.025)
      after propranolol. Restoration of prepropranolol heart rate had no significant
      effect on tension development. Following coronary occlusion, sigmaST increased
      from 5.7 +/- 2.2 to 72.9 +/- 20.1 mv. (p less than 0.001). Coincident with the
      decrease in heart rate and tension development induced by propranolol, sigmaST
      decreased to 60.8 +/- 18.8 mv. (p less than 0.05). When the heart rate was
      restored to prepropranolol level, sigmaST again rose to 73.2 +/- 16.9 mv. (p less
      than .005). Thus, propranolol does effect an improvement in ischemic injury which
      is related, at least in part, to the induced decrease in heart rate. A
      concomitant substantial decrease in local tension development also occurs,
      however. The latter observations may limit the potential usefulness of
      propranolol in this setting.

PMID- 961588
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of ajmaline.
AB  - Ajmaline, a rauwolfia derivative, has been found to possess potent antiarrhythmic
      effects. The present study has been designed to define the cardiovascular effects
      of this drug. Hemodynamic studies performed in anesthetized and conscious dogs
      demonstrated no significant changes in measured hemodynamic parameters at doses
      equal to or less than 2 mg. per kilogram. Studies in isolated papillary muscle
      demonstrated no negative inotropic effects until concentrations of 1 X 10(-4).
      Disparate results were obtained with regard to heart rate reflecting the state of
      autonomic tone. Electrophysiologic studies in both anesthetized and conscious
      dogs demonstrated a significant depression of intraventricular conduction with no
      significant effect on AV nodal conduction; ventricular automaticity was not
      affected. Ajmaline did not alter digitalis-induced AV nodal conduction
      prolongation. However, ajmaline dramatically altered or abolished ventricular
      arrhythmias secondary to acute ischemia. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate
      that ajmaline specifically depresses intraventricular conduction, suggesting that
      this drug would be particularly effective in the treatment of re-entrant
      ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 961589
TI  - Intraventricular trifascicular block verified by His bundle electrocardiography.
AB  - A patient with the combination of right bundle branch block and intermittent left
      anterior and left posterior hemiblock is presented. His bundle recordings proved
      that this type of intraventricular conduction defect appeared when the two left
      fascicles were damaged partially, and to a varying degree. The recordings also
      revealed a Grade 2 A-V block distal to the A-V node. The mechanism is discussed.

PMID- 961590
TI  - Acute coronary occlusion following blunt injury to the chest in the absence of
      coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - A 35-year-old man suffered transmural diaphragmatic wall infarction immediately
      after receiving a nonpenetrating trauma to his chest. During subsequent months
      crippling angina pectoris developed and coronary arteriography was performed. A
      complete obstruction of the left circumflex coronary artery was demonstrated 2
      cm. distal to its origin. In contrast to most cases previously published, in this
      case no signs of atherosclerosis were observed in the other coronary arteries. It
      must be assumed, therefore, that blunt trauma can induce complete coronary
      occlusion with infarction, even in subjects with normal coronary arteries.

PMID- 961591
TI  - The influence of inspiration on angina pectoris: a clue to right coronary artery
      disease.

PMID- 961592
TI  - Improvement in prognosis of myocardial infarction by long-term beta-adrenoceptor
      blockade.

PMID- 961594
TI  - Of the cardiac work-up.

PMID- 961593
TI  - The etiology of sino-atrial disorder (Sick Sinus Syndrome).

PMID- 961595
TI  - Letter: Subendocardial infarction: what happens later.

PMID- 961596
TI  - Letter: Severe mitral valve disease in children.

PMID- 961597
TI  - Occupational Health/Safety Program Accreditation Commission.
AB  - This presents a brief history of programs for accrediting occupational health
      activities with discussion of weaknesses and strengths. The relatively short life
      of the Occupational Health/Safety Program Accreditation Commission is reviewed
      with emphasis on its charge, goals and accomplishments. The mechanisms for
      accreditating Occupational Health and Safety Programs is described and some
      reasons for seeking accreditation are given.

PMID- 961598
TI  - Variation in trash composition in raw cottons.
AB  - Raw cotton from 4 machine picked varieties and 2 machine stripped varieties is
      examined by stereomicroscope and bright-field microscopy for presence of plant
      trash(bract, leaf, stem, seed, boll, and weed fragments-size range 841-2000mum)
      that gives rise to cotton dust during yarn manufacturing operations. Bract was
      found to be the major trash component in all raw cottons examined. Cotton leaf
      and non-cotton weed materials were also major trash components in most raw
      cottons.

PMID- 961599
TI  - Plant trash in linters and willowed picker: materials used in the cotton
      garnetting industry.
AB  - First cut linters and willowed picker, used in cotton garnetting, were examined
      for content of cotton bract an other plant trash. Bract was found to be a minimal
      contaminant of the trash of first cut linters. A significant amount of bract
      (about 9% of the trash) was present in willowed picker. Cotton seed hulls, a
      valuable oil mill by product, contained an insignificant amount of bract trash.

PMID- 961600
TI  - A rapid method for the determination of arsenic concentrations in urine at field
      locations.
AB  - A colorimetric method for arsenic in urine utilizing a portable hood and
      requiring minimal laboratory facilities is described. Urine samples are combusted
      in a hot plate-oven with MgO and Mg(No3)2. Arsine is generated from the ashed
      product and passed into silver diethyldithio-carbamate in pyridine. Inorganic and
      organic arsenicals in urine at 0.03 ppm with 6% variation is detectable.

PMID- 961601
TI  - The pregnant woman in industry.
AB  - The intent of this paper is to relate current thought in proper perspective to
      the mounting concern for the pregnant woman in industry. Embryo toxicology may
      demonstrate a need for lowered standards of exposure for the woman worker during
      a pregnancy. Lastly, a plan is offered to obtain data for comparison of female
      work populations which may or may not be exposed to certain, primarily airborn,
      contaminants.

PMID- 961602
TI  - The retention of large particles (greater than 2mum) in fibrous filters.
AB  - A simple method of testing fibrous filters to obtain the grade efficiency curve
      in the particle size range 2-22 mum is described. Dust collected by the method
      has been used to measure the retention efficency of model filters and it is shown
      that there is a maximun in the grade efficency curve. The influence of relative
      humidity on filter behaviour has been investigated. It is shown that the
      efficiency of filtration in high particle inertia systems increases with
      increasing relative humidity. It is considered that the reason for this is an
      increase in particle-fiber adhesion force.

PMID- 961603
TI  - An evaluation of fluorescent light sources for use in phototherapy of neonatal
      jaundice.
AB  - An evaluation of fluorescent lamps for use in the phototherapy of neonatal
      jaundice was undertaken by making spectral irradiance measurements of each lamp.
      Conclusions are drawn on the usefulness of current methods of measuring exposure
      dose to radiation from the lamps. UV hazards from the lamps are evaluated.

PMID- 961604
TI  - Echocardiogram of the porcine aortic bioprosthesis in the mitral position.
AB  - Echocardiography was performed in 10 consecutive patients who had a clinically
      normally functioning porcine aortic bioprosthesis in the mitral position. Strong
      well defined echoes were recorded from the anterior and posterior aspects of the
      xenograft stent. The maximal separation of the anterior and posterior stent
      echoes approximated the diameter of the stent at its base. The maximal excursion
      of the anterior stent was 5 to 10 mm (mean 7.5) with a mean systolic slope of 15
      to 35 mm/sec (mean 22.2) and diastolic slope of 11 to 59 mm/sec (mean 21.5). In
      all 10 patients it was possible to record an anterior xenograft leaflet with
      anterior movement at the onset of diastole and posterior movement at the onset of
      systole and with appropriately steep (more than 200 mm/sec) slopes. The diastolic
      (E-F) slope of the anterior leaflet in 9 of the 10 patients ranged from 9 to 38
      mm/sec (mean 19). In 6 of the 10 patients a posterior xenograft leaflet with a
      movement pattern symmetric with that of the anterior leaflet was recorded. In two
      patients, the central aortic leaflet was recorded with little diastolic
      displacement. These two patients also had mild aortic regurgitation, which was
      associated with diastolic shudder of the xenograft leaflets. Echocardiography was
      also performed in one patient who was later shown to have a 10 cm3 thrombus on
      the ventricular surface of a xenograft valve. The echocardiogram in this patient
      revealed the following abnormalities: (1) excessive anterior stent movement and
      systolic slope suggesting paravalvular leak in the presence of abnormal
      cinefluoroscopic valve tilt, and (2) multiple dense nonhomogeneous echoes between
      the anterior and posterior aspects of the valve stent, with an early diastolic
      clear space behind the anterior stent and abnormal echoes behind the posterior
      stent during systole. Echocardiography therefore appears to be useful in
      evaluating the porcine aortic bioprosthesis in the mitral position.

PMID- 961605
TI  - Myocardial infarction in young women.
AB  - This study of 24 women under age 40 years with myocardial infarction demonstrates
      that even in young women myocardial infarction is most commonly due to coronary
      atherosclerotic heart disease. Other causes of coronary occlusion were documented
      in 17% of these patients, indicating that these lesser causes of myocardial
      infarction are more common in young women than in older persons or in young men.
      In those patients with coronary atherosclerosis one or more significant risk
      factors could usually, but not always, be documented. The clinical manifestation
      of the coronary occlusion in the study group was not unlike its manifestation in
      groups of different ages or sex, or both.

PMID- 961606
TI  - Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusions on arteriovenous differences of
      glucose of free fatty acids and on tissue metabolic changes in dogs with
      developing myocardial infarction.
AB  - Glucose-insulin-potassium infusions were given to dogs for 6 hours, starting 30
      minutes after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Effects
      on substrate arteriovenous differences, indexes of ischemic damage and other
      tissue metabolic changes were compared with changes in dogs with comparable
      ligations but no infusions. Glucose-insulin-potassium increased the arteriovenous
      difference of glucose, decreased that of free fatty acid and decreased the
      arterial free fatty acid/albumin molar ratio. Glucose-insulin-potassium
      accelerated the rate of fall of the epicardial S-T segment in the infarct zone
      and prevented the small rise in S-T segment found in the perlinfarct and
      nonischemic zones. Glucose-insulin-potassium increased the tissue content of
      glycogen in peripheral infarct, periinfarct and nonischemic zones; increased
      tissue potassium ion/sodium ion ratios in epicardial infarct zones and in the
      periinfarct zone; increased adenosine triphosphate in the endocardial infarct
      zone; decreased inorganic phosphate in the periinfarct and nonischemic zones and
      in the endocardial infarct zone; and increased lactate in the central infarct and
      nonischemic zones. The phosphate potential increased in the periinfarct and
      nonischemic zones. Thus, many glucose-insulin-potassium effects were greater in
      the peripheral infarct and especially the periinfarct zones. Although increased
      anaerobic metabolism with lactate production could not be excluded as a mode of
      action of glucose-insulin-potassium, estimated rates of anaerobic glycolysis were
      very low, suggesting that other effects such as increased aerobic glycolysis
      decreased extraction of free fatty acid by the heart, increased tissue glycogen
      or a "membrane" effect might be of major importance.

PMID- 961607
TI  - Control of cardiac output in essential hypertension.
AB  - Cardiac and renal hemodynamics and cardiopulmonary and total blood volume were
      determined in 202 men, 101 with normotension and 101 of the same age with chronic
      essential hypertension, normal renal function and balanced sodium intake and
      urinary output. Cardiac output was identical in the two groups, whereas blood
      pressure and total peripheral resistance were significantly different. The two
      groups exhibited strong differences in the correlation study: (1) Correlations of
      blood pressure with, respectively, heart rate, cardiopulmonary blood volume and
      total blood volume were significant in the normotensive group but not in the
      hypertensive group. (2) Correlations of cardiac output with, respectively, heart
      rate, cardiopulmonary blood volume and total blood volume were significant in
      both groups. (3) Correlations of renal blood flow with, respectively, cardiac
      output, blood pressure and total blood volume were significant in the
      hypertensive group but not in the normotensive group. This study provides
      evidence that: (1) the volume and neural control of blood pressure are disrupted
      in hypertension whereas control of cardiac output is maintained; and (2) adaptive
      mechanisms involving renal function are necessary to the maintenance of normal
      cardiac output in patients with essential hypertension.

PMID- 961608
TI  - Echocardiographic sepctrum of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a
      clinicopathologic correlation in 19 newborns.
AB  - Ultrasonic studies were performed in 19 neonates with the hypoplastic left heart
      syndrome whose diagnosis was confirmed at angiography or autopsy, or both. The
      patients were classified in two echocardiographic groups: Group I, 10 infants
      whose ventricular septum could be recorded, and Group II, 9 infants whose septum
      could not be recorded. The findings in these groups were compared with those in
      60 neonates without congenital heart disease also studied with ultrasound. Two
      additional neonates who presented with signs of shock were also studied. The
      diagnostic echocardiographic features of hypoplastic left heart syndrome were:
      (1)a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension of less than 9 mm; (2)an aortic
      root diameter of less than 6 mm; (3)a ratio of left ventricular end-diastolic to
      right ventricular end-diastolic dimension of less than 0.6; and (4)a mitral valve
      echo that is absent or greatly distorted and of small amplitude. These
      echocardiographic criteria differed significantly from findings in the normal
      group (P less than 0.01). Echocardiography proved valuable in neonates with
      shock. It is a safe, reliable technique that can be used to delineate the
      intracardiac anatomy in sick neonates with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

PMID- 961609
TI  - Surgical correction in complete levotransposition of the great arteries with an
      unusual subaortic ventricular septal defect.
AB  - Six children with an uncommon variant of complete (that is, physiologically
      uncorrected) transposition of the great arteries are described. In this
      malformation, levoposition of the aorta is coincident with situs solitus and
      concordant atrioventricular relations. All patients underwent successful surgical
      correction. Four had a ventricular septal defect; in three, the defect was
      subaortic and because of its unusual anatomic features, a right ventriculotomy
      was required for repair. Interatrial transposition of venous return was carried
      out in all cases by insertion of a baffle, as in complete dextrotransposition of
      the great arteries. The surgical verification of the arterial positions in these
      cases illustrated the fallibility of the so-called loop rule. The significance of
      the cases in relation to terminology, classification and morphogenesis of this
      variant is discussed.

PMID- 961610
TI  - Asymmetric distribution of the pulmonary blood flow between the right and left
      lungs in d-transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Pulmonary angiograms, radionuclide lung images and chest roentgenograms were
      evaluated regarding the incidence, magnitude and natural evolution of
      maldistribution of the pulmonary blood flow between the lungs in 63 patients with
      dextrotransposition of the great arteries. Approximately half of these patients
      had some degree of greater perfusion of the right relative to the left lung. A
      significant correlation was demonstrated between the incidence of this
      maldistribution of blood flow and the angulation between the main and the right
      pulmonary arteries. For any given angulation between these vessels, additional
      pulmonary stenosis increased the incidence of disparity in perfusion. Our
      observations suggest the following developmental mechanisms: The maldistribution
      in flow results from the abnormal rightward inclination of the main pulmonary
      artery in the transposition malformation which straightens the flow axis from the
      main to the right pulmonary artery. Under these circumstances the momentum of the
      blood in the main pulmonary artery carries the blood preferentially into the
      right pulmonary artery. This momentum is increased when there is stenosis of the
      left ventricular outflow tract. Consequent differences in the mechanical
      properties of the two pulmonary vascular beds can increase this maldistribution.
      The disparity in perfusion between the lungs is not present in newborns with d
      transposition, appears to be progressive in severity and in time may result in
      almost complete cessation of effective perfusion of the left lung. The effect of
      the Mustard operation on this abnormality of flow is discussed.

PMID- 961611
TI  - Congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels: localization of the
      site of complete atrioventricular block using his bundle electrograms.
AB  - Complete atrioventricular block proximal to the bundle of His in a patient with
      congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels was documented using
      His bundle electrograms. The spontaneous rhythnm probably originated from the
      bundle of His and was responsive to carotid sinus massage, atropine and isometric
      and treadmill exercise. These electrophysiologic observations are consistent with
      recent anatomic studies of congenitally corrected transposition of the great
      vessels.

PMID- 961612
TI  - Pathologic correlations in a case of complete heart block with split His
      potentials resulting from a stab wound of the heart.
AB  - A 23 year old previously healthy man was stabbed in the anterior chest. This
      resulted in a ventricular septal defect and complete atrioventricular (A-V)
      block. The electrocardiogram revealed complete A-V block with a QRS pattern of
      right bundle branch block. His bundle recordings 26 days later revealed A-V
      dissociation with split His potentials (P-H1 interval of 100 msec and H2-V
      interval of 40 msec). During the study the escape QRS shifted from right to left
      bundle branch block with H2 potentials still preceding each QRS interval with H2
      V intervals of 40 msec. A permanent pacemaker was implanted because of persistent
      congestive heart failure and bradycardia due to A-V block. The patient
      subsequently became asymptomatic. He died suddenly 3 1/2 years later.
      Pathologically there were sizable openings in both the tricuspid and mitral valve
      substance and a ventricular septal defect involving the pars membranacea and part
      of the adjacent muscular septum. Serial sections of the conduction system
      revealed total destruction and fibrous replacement of the bifurcation and
      beginning of the right and left bundle branches and subtotal fibrous replacement
      of the branching bundle. Thus, the bifurcation of the bundle of His was totally
      absent at autopsy despite apparent electrophysiologic evidence of its existence
      26 days after the stab wound. A possible explanation for this discrepancy is the
      subsequent fibrosis of the bifurcation produced by hemodynamic changes at the
      lower margin of the ventricular septal defect.

PMID- 961613
TI  - Letter: Nervous system and inotropic effect of digitalis in dogs.

PMID- 961614
TI  - Letter: Glycolysis and electrogenesis.

PMID- 961615
TI  - Letter: Efficacy of long-acting nitrates. I. sublingual versus oral
      administration.

PMID- 961616
TI  - Letter: Efficacy of long-acting nitrates. II. Peroral isosorbide dinitrate.

PMID- 961617
TI  - Letter: Late supernormal excitation.

PMID- 961618
TI  - Nutritional status measures as predictors of nutritional risk in preschool
      children.
AB  - Data from 19 dietary and biochemical indices of nutritional status for 419
      participants in the Preschool Nutrition Survey were analyzed to determined the
      smallest number of variables that could be used to identify all children with any
      of measure below a criterion of adequacy. Serum transferrin iron and dietary iron
      intake identified 74% of those at nutritional risk. Additional information on
      dietary calories, calcium, ascorbic acid, thiamin, and vitamin A identified all
      subjects at risk.

PMID- 961619
TI  - Growth and development of three Yugoslav populations in different ecological
      settings.
AB  - The role of genetical and ecological factors in the physical growth and
      development was studied in three Yugoslav populations living in different
      ecological settings. Anthropometric measurements of 6,908 children and young
      adolescents ages 1 to 18 years were taken and the results were compared in regard
      to ethnic and ecological characteristics. The evidence is presented that
      significant improvement in physical characteristics follows the improvement in
      environmental factors including nutrition. In addition to an increase in body
      height, changes were also noted in the build of the bony frame of the population
      living under improved environmental conditions. There was a change in the shape
      of the skeleton from the squatty appearance of the short population to the more
      lanky shape of the tall population. It is concluded that systematic periodic
      collection of the information on child growth could serve as a useful monitoring
      system for the surveillance of ecological and nutritional trends of a country.

PMID- 961620
TI  - Letter: Lupinus mutabilis sweet-a potent food source from the Andean region.

PMID- 961621
TI  - Letter: A new term for plant fibers in nutrition.

PMID- 961622
TI  - Letter: Fortification of salt with iron.

PMID- 961623
TI  - Letter: Jejunoileal bypass.

PMID- 961624
TI  - Effect of oral contraceptives and vitamin B6 supplements on alanine and glycine
      metabolism.
AB  - Plasma alanine or glycine concentrations and blood pyruvate were studied before
      and after oral administration of the two amino acids to women using estrogen
      containing oral contraceptives and to a control group of women. Thirty oral
      contraceptive users and 14 controls received alanine loads (200 mg/kg of body
      weight). The two groups had similar fasting plasma alanine levels, but the
      fasting blood pyruvate was elevated in the contraceptive steroid-treated women.
      After alanine ingestion, the increases in plasma alanine were significantly lower
      in the oral contraceptive users. Both groups showed a rise in blood pyruvate;
      there were no differences in the increments above fasting values. Treatment with
      pyridoxine hydrochloride, 25 mg for 4 weeks, had not effect on the responses of
      11 oral contraceptive users to alanine loading. Twenty-four oral contraceptive
      users and 14 controls were studied before and after a glycine load (140 mg/kg of
      body weight). The fasting plasma glycine levels were similar, but lesser
      increases after ingestion of the amino acid occurred in the oral contraceptive
      treated group. Blood pyruvate concentrations in both oral contraceptive users and
      controls were unaffected by oral glycine loads.

PMID- 961625
TI  - Postprandial glucose, insulin, free fatty acid and growth hormone responses in
      children consuming all the day's protein in one meal.
AB  - BLOOD GLUCOSE, INSULIN (IRI), growth hormone, and plasma free fatty acids (FFA)
      were determined in six children consuming a diet of uneven distribution of
      protein relative to energy (study period). Preprandial and postprandial samples
      surrounding the 8 AM protein-free feeding and the 3 PM feeding containing all the
      day's protein were compared with values obtained in the same children similarly
      sampled while consuming an isonitrogenous isoenergetic diet of even protein
      distribution (control period). After the 8 AM feeding during the study period
      there was a mean maximal rise of blood glucose at 30 min of 51 mg/dl compared
      with a rise of 16 mg/dl during the control period. Glucose remained significantly
      elevated above fasting values at 120 min during the study but not the control
      period. IRI response after the 8 AM feeding was significantly greater and
      suppression of FFA was more marked during the study than during the control
      period. Glucose concentration 30 min after the 3 PM feeding was significantly
      lower during the study period than during the control period. A peak value
      occurred at 60 min during the study period which was equal to the 30 min peak
      control value. Despite the slower elevation of blood glucose during the study
      period, IRI rose at 30 min, possibly related to a larger influx of amino acids
      from the protein-containing meal. FFA rose at 30 and 60 min and were then
      suppressed by the slowly rising blood glucose. Growth hormone after both meals
      while consuming both diets was variable but considered normal. The qualitative
      changes in glucose-IRI-FFA responses were for the most part attributable to
      differences in the test meals and suggested little long-term adaptation to the
      uneven protein distribution diet.

PMID- 961626
TI  - Anti-platelet antibody determination by platelet factor 3 assay.
AB  - Anti-platelet antibody determinations by a recently introduced platelet factor 3
      assay (Pf-3 assay) were evaluated in 159 specimens from 95 patients who had low
      platelet counts. As a standard procedure, the 51Cr lysis test (51Cr test) was
      used. The 51Cr test and Pf-3 assay had an excellent correlation (results agreed
      for 80.5% of 159 specimens tested). Overall positive results for the 159
      specimens were 27.7% by the 51Cr test and 22.0% by the Pf-3 assay. A
      significantly high incidence of anti-platelet antibodies (71.4%) was found in
      patients who had received more than 10 units of blood transfusions, in contrast
      to a non-transfused group, which had an incidence of 6.3%. The difference between
      transfused and non-transfused groups was significant (x2 = 11.854, p less than
      0.001). The Pf-3 assay is easy to perform in most laboratories and yet sensitive
      enough to detect anti-platelet antibodies that were detectable by the 51Cr test.

PMID- 961627
TI  - The effect of increased contact activation time on the activated partial
      thromboplastin time.
AB  - With the kaolin-cephalin activated partial thromboplastin time technic, the
      plasmas of persons who have Fletcher factor deficiency have shown considerable
      shortening of clotting times when contact activation has been lengthened from 3
      (PTT-3) to 10 minutes (PTT-10). The authors demonstrate that in plasma of most
      normal individuals, and in coagulopathies of other sorts, only slight shortening
      usually occurs. Abnormal shortening occurs in plasmas of a few otherwise normal
      people, the "slow activators," and patients receiving coumarin drugs, who have
      greatly prolonged prothrombin times. Longer activation may produce greatly
      prolonged PTT's in plasmas containing heparin in relatively high concentrations.
      The authors discuss the significance of these findings.

PMID- 961628
TI  - Transfusion reaction with pulmonary infiltration associated with HL-A-specific
      leukocyte antibodies.
AB  - A case of a non-hemolytic transfusion reaction with pulmonary infiltration
      secondary to leukocyte antibodies is described, and previously reported cases are
      reviewed. This type of reaction can be diagnosed at the bedside when a patient
      develops fever, hypotension and dyspnea within a few hours following transfusion
      of whole blood or a plasma product. The roentgenogram of the chest shows
      pulmonary infiltrates with a normal cardiac silhouette constituting non-cardiac
      pulmonary edema. To provide laboratory confirmation of this reaction, it is
      essential to search for leukocyte antibodies by both leukoagglutinin and
      cytotoxic technics, as well as to determine HL-A phenotypes of both donor and
      recipient. As the plasma products involved usually come from multiparous women,
      donor parity should be a routine question in the donor interview in transfusion
      services. To prevent this reaction, which may prove fatal, blood donated by women
      who have two or more children should be used for packed cells only.

PMID- 961629
TI  - Electronic platelet counts with the Coulter counter. Reassessment of a correction
      factor.
AB  - Platelet counts are determined on the Coulter electronic counter by counting the
      diluted platelet-rich plasma obtained by sedimentation or centrifugation of whole
      blood. In calculating the whole-blood platelet count, an empirical correction
      factor for platelet-free plasma trapped by sedimented erythrocytes has been
      recommended, and a widely-distributed circular slide rule calculator incorporates
      the correction factor. In this study, visual and electronic platelet counts were
      compared in 100 specimens with counts ranging from 10 to 1,100 X 10(3) per mul
      and hematocrits ranging from 17.5 to 48.5%. Platelet-rich plasma samples prepared
      by a centrifugation method (Plateletfuge) gave machine counts in close agreement
      with those of samples prepared by sedimentation. Whole-blood platelet counts
      determined with the circular calculator were consistently lower than visual
      counts, with an average difference of -17%. The electronic counts were
      recalculated after elimination of the correction factor, and agreement then
      improved to an average difference of only +1.6%. The correction factor for
      trapped platelet-free plasma leads to erroneously low values and should not be
      used.

PMID- 961630
TI  - Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors. A clinicopathologic analysis
      of fourteen cases.
AB  - Uterine tumors with histologic resemblances to ovarian sex-cord tumors were
      encountered in 14 women in the fourth to sixth decades of life, most of whom had
      abnormal vaginal bleeding and enlarged uteri suggesting leiomyomas. The tumors in
      six cases (Group I) were identical to one or another form of well-recognized
      endometrial stromal tumor except for focal epithelial-like differentiation
      resembling that seen in sex-cord tumors. These tumors were mostly poorly
      circumscribed large mural masses. The focal sex-cord-like differentiation was
      manifested by cords, trabeculae, nests and tubules of epithelial-like cells;
      eosinophilic bodies resembling Call-Exner bodies were seen in one case. Five of
      the six patients with tumors of this type have been followed for postoperative
      intervals of 22 months to 15 years, and pelvic recurrences have developed in
      three. The tumors in eight cases (Group II) differed from those in Group I by
      having a predominant or exclusive pattern reminiscent of an ovarian sex-cord
      tumor. These tumors, most of which were single, well-circumscribed, yellow to
      tan, mural masses 4 to 10 cm in diameter, appeared benign, with no recurrence
      during postoperative periods of four months to seven years. The relations of the
      two groups of tumors to one another and to previously described similar tumors.
      including so-called granulosa-cell tumors and "plexiform tumors" of the uterus,
      are discussed, and an origin from endometrial stromal cells is postulated.

PMID- 961631
TI  - Brain-stem and adrenal abnormalities in the sudden-infant-death syndrome.
AB  - Fourteen of 28 sudden-infant-death syndrome (SIDS) victims had an abnormal
      proliferation of astroglial fibers in their brain stems and an enlarged mass of
      chromaffin cells in their adrenal medullas. Both of these abnormalities were
      associated with greater than normal muscle in the small pulmonary arteries,
      abnormal brown fat retention, and retained extramedullary erythropoiesis. These
      latter three findings are probably evidences of chronic alveolar hypoventilation
      and hypoxemia. The brain stem and adrenal abnormalities are probably also
      secondary to chronic hypoxemia.

PMID- 961632
TI  - Subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) following pneumonitis. Serologic
      confirmation three and a half years after death.
AB  - A case of fulminant subacute myelooptico-neuropathy that occurred in a native
      American women following pneumonitis instead of the usual gastrointestinal
      dysfunction is reported. After the acute stage, which left the patient paraplegic
      and partially blind, she suffered an exacerbation which resulted in her death 11
      months after the onset of illness. Autopsy disclosed symmetric optic and spinal
      demyelination. Neutralizing antibody titer against subacute, myelo-optico
      neuropathy virus was determined on postmortem serum 3 1/2 years after death and
      found significantly elevated.

PMID- 961633
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in American Negroes. Histologic classification of the disease
      in 143 untreated patients, and age distribution.
AB  - The Rye histologic classification of Hodgkin's disease has been applied to 143
      previously untreated cases of Hodgkin's disease in Negro patients seen in four
      hospitals in Washington, D.C.,during a 16-year period (1959-1974). The
      frequencies and age distributions of histologic subtypes were compared with those
      in American and two African series. Those histologic subtypes associated with
      poor prognoses (mixed-cellularity and lymphocytic depletion) predominated in
      American Negroes and in Negroes from Ibadan, Nigeria, and Kampala, Uganda. In an
      American series from Connecticut (approximately 98% Caucasian) the histologic
      subtypes lymphocytic predominance and nodular sclerosis were preponderant. There
      were statistically significantly less of the nodular sclerosis subtype (P less
      than 0.005), and more of the mixed-cellularity subtype in American Negroes
      compared with the Connecticut series (P less than 0.001). In contrast to findings
      in predominantly Caucasian populations, there was a predilection of the nodular
      sclerosis subtype for males in American and in African Negroes. This study showed
      that Hodgkin's disease in American Negroes epidemiologically corresponds to the
      so-called "intermediate pattern" of the disease.

PMID- 961634
TI  - The significance of focal glomerular sclerosis in children who have nephrotic
      syndrome.
AB  - This study was undertaken to learn the significance of focal glomerular sclerosis
      in children who have nephrotic syndrome. Tissue obtained by percutaneous renal
      biopsy 10-15 years previously was re-examined. Initially, two of the 29 biopsy
      specimens contained focal segmental hyalinosis or sclerosis and five of the 29
      had focal glomerular obsolescence. The paraffin blocks were serially sectioned
      and examined. Following this procedure, seven of the 29 biopsies had focal
      segmented hyalinosis and 16 of the 29 had focal glomerular obsolescence. The
      percentages of focal segmental hyalinosis and focal glomerular obsolescence were
      recorded. Only those patients whose focal segmental hyalinosis exceeded 2%
      progressed to renal failure. Age-matched autopsy material from patients dying
      without renal dysfunction was used as a control. Focal glomerular sclerosis was
      seen in 75.8% of the control specimens, although few glomeruli within each
      specimen were involved. Focal glomerular sclerosis may be found normally; it may
      be found in nephrotic children who do not develop renal failure. The
      quantification of sclerotic lesions may be of prognostic significance in
      childhood nephrosis.

PMID- 961635
TI  - Sparganosis in the United States. Report of a case.
AB  - A 20-year-old Philadelphia woman (recently moved from South Carolina) had
      sparganosis of her lower anterior abdominal wall. In the United States
      sparganosis occurs when man enters the life cycle of dog or cat tapeworms of the
      genus Spirometra. Most of the American cases have been reported from the
      southeastern United States, and the most probable source of infection is
      contaminated drinking water. Sporadic cases have also been seen in other parts of
      the country. If the pathologist is familiar with the morphology of spargana, the
      gross and histologic features are sufficient for identification of genus
      Spirometra.

PMID- 961636
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in aspirin hepatotoxicity.
AB  - A percutaneous liver biopsy was obtained from a 9-year-old boy who had elevated
      serum transaminase levels while receiving aspirin treatment for rheumatic fever.
      Electron microscopy showed extensive fine-structure changes of the hepatocytes,
      similar to those induced by hepatotoxic drugs. These included marked dilatation
      of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
      and mitochondrial abnormalities. These ultrastructural changes could be
      considered evidence that aspirin is hepatotoxic. The morphologic observations
      reported confirm the need for monitoring patients receiving systemic aspirin
      treatment transaminase measurements.

PMID- 961637
TI  - An evaluation of the usefulness of amylase isozyme differentiation in patients
      with hyperamylasemia.
AB  - Amylase assays measure total activity without differentiating the relative
      contributions of pancreatic- and salivary-type amylase isozymes. Since
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis allows identification of salivary-and pancreatic
      type isoxymes and their respective variants, serum and urine specimens from
      patients with the clinical diagnoses of mumps (4), pancreatitis (16), or
      undiagnosed hyperamylasemias (5) were compared with specimens from control
      subjects. Patients with mumps had elevations of salivary-type isozymes, while
      those with pancreatitis had elevations of pancreatic-type isozymes. Elevation of
      salivary-type isozymes was identified in the five patients who had undiagnosed
      hyperamylasemias; among these, the isozymes of two originated in neoplastic
      ovarian tissue and those of three, probably in the salivary glands. Amylase
      isozyme differentiation cannot unamibiguously identify the tissue source of
      hyperamylasemia. However, in patients whose hyperamylasemia is of unknown
      etiology or who respond atypically to therapy, amylase electrophoresis provides
      identification of the elevated isozyme type, thus providing the basis for the
      rational selection of further diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 961638
TI  - Simultaneous determination of plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, 11
      deoxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, cortisol, and 11
      deoxycortisol. Methods and applications.
AB  - A method for the simultaneous determination of aldosterone, corticosterone (B),
      11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC),
      cortisol, and 11-deoxycortisol in a single 1-ml sample of plasma is described.
      The method is applicable to both man and experimental animal. After extraction
      and purification by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), aldosterone was determined
      by radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing antibodies to aldosterone: B, DOC, cortisol
      and 11-deoxycortisol were determined by RIA employing antibodies to
      corticosterone; 18-OH-DOC was obtained colorimetrically using the Porter-Silber
      reagent. Recoveries after extraction and chromatography were: aldosterone 71% +/-
      9.4 SD; B 81% +/- 10.2; DOC 73% +/- 8.4; cortisol 65% +/- 7.2; 11-deoxycortisol
      74% +/- 6.3 using labeled steroids; 18-OH-DOC 82% +/- 8.7 using inert steroid.
      The method has a high specificity and is reproducible and accurate.

PMID- 961639
TI  - Changes in serum chemical values as a result of prolonged contact with the clot.
AB  - Changes in serum biochemical values as a function of serum-clot contact time were
      investigated. Time extending to 48 hours were studied by drawing sets of six
      specimens from ten subjects. Glucose, lactic dehydrogenase, the transaminases,
      potassium, alkaline phosphatase, and iron showed significant changes. Other
      common tests, including electrophoretic separations, were not affected.

PMID- 961641
TI  - Letter: Blood bank survey.

PMID- 961640
TI  - Letter: Serum acid phosphatase-normal values and conversion factors to I.U. and
      SI units.

PMID- 961642
TI  - Letter: Thrombin time in heparinized plasma.

PMID- 961643
TI  - Letter: Tourniquet test.

PMID- 961644
TI  - Letter: Bone marrow histology, aspiration versus biopsy.

PMID- 961645
TI  - Pneumonia and pleural effusion. Association with influenza A virus and
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - An 8-month-old infant with severe pneumonia and massive pleural effusions was
      found to have concurrent infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and influenza A
      virus. This was proved by the isolation of both agents from the pleural fluid. We
      believe this is the first case of isolation of an influenza virus from pleural
      effusions.

PMID- 961646
TI  - Empty sella syndrome secondary to intrasellar cyst in adolescence.
AB  - A 15-year-old boy had growth failure and failure of sexual development. The
      probable onset was at age 10. Endocrine studies showed hypopituitarism with
      deficiency of growth hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, an abnormal
      response to metyrapone, and deficiency of thyroid function. Luteinizing hormone
      level was in the low-normal range. Posterior pituitary function was normal.
      Roentgenogram showed a large sella with some destruction of the posterior
      clinoids. Transsphenoidal exploration was carried out. The sella was empty except
      for a whitish membrane; no pituitary tissue was seen. The sella was packed with
      muscle. Recovery was uneventful, and the patient was given replacement therapy.
      On histologic examination,the cyst wall showed low pseudostratified cuboidal
      epithelium and occasional squamous metaplasia. Hemosiderin-filled phagocytes and
      acinar structures were also seen. The diagnosis was probable rupture of an
      intrasellar epithelial cyst, leading to empty sella syndrome.

PMID- 961647
TI  - A case of gonococcal osteomyelitis. A complication of gonococcal arthritis.
AB  - Gonococcal osteomyelitis is a rare complication of gonococcal infections since
      the advent of antibiotics. It is important that physicians be aware of this
      potential complication so that it is recognized and appropriate therapy promptly
      instituted.

PMID- 961648
TI  - "Bridging bronchus". A previously undescribed airway anomaly.
AB  - This report describes the clinical features and pathologic anatomy seen in an
      infant with anomalous bronchial branching and other congenital anomalies. The
      patient died of respiratory insufficiency and infection, possibly fostered by the
      malformed airway and a coexistent partial anomalous venous return. At autopsy,
      bronchial drainage of the right middle and lower lobes was provided by a large
      bronchial branch that originated in the left main-stem bronchus and bridged the
      mediastinum before entering the contralateral lung. Since crossed anatomic airway
      relationships after formation of primary branches are imcompatible with current
      concepts of embryologic lung development, a brief critical review of the
      pertinent literature is undertaken.

PMID- 961649
TI  - Ocular manifestations of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - We report a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with severe
      peripheral chorioretinal pigment changes in addition to the more typical pigment
      clumping in the macula. The differential diagnosis of peripheral inactive
      chorioretinitis, the typical ocular findings, and clinical course of SSPE are
      discussed.

PMID- 961650
TI  - Teratogenic effect of anticonvulsant drugs.
AB  - Multiple malformations in all four children of a mother taking anticonvulsant
      drugs are reported, along with the extended family pedigree.

PMID- 961651
TI  - Letter: The liver and arthritis.

PMID- 961653
TI  - Letter: Diaphragmatic paralysis.

PMID- 961652
TI  - Letter: Reye syndrome: virus or artifact in liver?

PMID- 961654
TI  - Letter: Congenital rubella.

PMID- 961655
TI  - Letter: Bedtime stories.

PMID- 961656
TI  - Thanatopsis revisited. The family and the dying infant.

PMID- 961657
TI  - Fetal malformations and antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 961658
TI  - The prognosis of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 50 patients with childhood systemic lupus
      erythematosus seen during the past 13 years shows 35 living patients, 13 dead,
      and 2 lost to follow-up. Fourteen patients were males and 36 females, with the
      median age of onset 14 years. Clinical presentation was multisystemic in 31,
      primarily renal in 12, hematologic in 5, and atypical in 2. Renal involvement
      occurred at some time in all 50 patients. Central nervous system symptoms were
      present in 22 of 50. Survival in the present series is compared with previously
      reported survival models in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 961659
TI  - Approaches to preventing child abuse. The health visitors concept.

PMID- 961660
TI  - Radiological case of the month.

PMID- 961661
TI  - Use of prenatal glucocorticoid therapy to prevent respiratory distress syndrome.
      A supporting view.

PMID- 961662
TI  - Transient hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia. A consequence of malicious insulin
      administration.
AB  - On two occasions, a 3 1/2-year-old black girl had severe hypoglycemia associated
      with transient hepatomegaly. The plasma insulin level during the second
      hypoglycemic episode was excessive and led to a diagnosis of malicious insulin
      administration. We suggest that plasma be obtained for insulin determination in
      children with hypoglycemia, and that transient hepatomegaly may be a helpful sign
      in cases of insulin overdose.

PMID- 961663
TI  - Acute necrotizing pancreatitis in the guinea pig. Effect of chlorophyll-alpha on
      survival times.

PMID- 961664
TI  - Gastrin inhibition of the pyloric sphincter.

PMID- 961665
TI  - Fulminant cholangitis and septicemia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
      (ERC) in two patients with obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 961666
TI  - Clinical and roentgen manifestations of cholecystoduodenal fistula.

PMID- 961667
TI  - Discrete colonic ulcers associated with oral contraceptives.

PMID- 961668
TI  - Transient submandibular swelling following esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

PMID- 961669
TI  - Misleading SGOT (aspartate aminotransferase) values in obstructive jaundice due
      to pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 961670
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Intestinal distribution and stimulation by
      amino acids and medium-chain triglycerides.
AB  - Radioimmunoassayable gastric inhibitory polypeptide was measured in extracts of
      canine antrum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The highest GIP concentrations were
      found in the duodenum (347 +/- 53 ng/g) and jejunum (300 +/- 68 ng/g). An
      immunochemical similarity was demonstrable between porcine GIP and canine GIP.
      Dogs prepared with Mann Bollman fistulae were given an amino acid (AA) mixture or
      medium-chain triglycerides (MTC) by intraduodenal perfusion. With AA, a peak mean
      serum concentration of 672 +/- 106 pg/ml was reached 15 min after starting the
      perfusion. MCT resulted in a peak mean serum GIP concentration of 504 +/- 55
      pg/ml 30 min after beginning the perfusion. When compared to results previously
      reported from this laboratory, AA and MCT are not as potent as corn oil (long
      chain triglyceride) or glucose in stimulating GIP release. We conclude: (1)
      Immunoassayable GIP concentrations are highest in the canine proximal small
      intestine. (2) AA and MCT are weak stimulants of GIP release in the dog.

PMID- 961671
TI  - Comprehensive formal models for pancreatic calcium secretion. With reference to
      "exchange-diffusion," "two-component," and "unicellular" models of electrolyte
      secretion.
AB  - This is a theoretical paper in which comprehensive formal models are developed
      for all possible modes of entry of calcium into pancreatic juice. The 15 models
      include entry via: (1) the chloride-rich secretion, (2) the bicarbonate-rich
      secretion, (3) protein-bound calcium, and (4) interstitial fluid (ISF), plus the
      various possible combinations of these. Equations are presented for both calcium
      volume and calcium-bicarbonate relationships. Each equation is modified as
      necessary to conform to the three current models for sodium, chloride, and
      bicarbonate secretion: (1) "exchange-diffusion," (2) "two-component," and (3)
      "unicellular" models. We believe the models provide a sound theoretical framework
      on which to build an understanding of pancreatic calcium secretion. Subsequent
      papers will be concerned with the physicochemical state of calcium in the juice,
      the relative contribution of ISF, and the development of an overall model for
      pancreatic calcium secretion. The long-term objective is to provide a rational
      approach for the understanding of pancreatic calcification and stone formation.

PMID- 961672
TI  - A new model of stress ulcer in the rat with pylorus ligation and its
      pathogenesis.
AB  - Water-immersion stress for 7, 14, or 20 hr consistently induced linear or
      punctate stress ulcers (mucosal erosions) in the corpus of the stomach in intact
      rats. When the pylorus of the stomach had been ligated prior to stressing, the
      stress ulcers changed their morphological feature (mainly punctate and in one
      place elongated) and location (both in corpus and antrum). Histologically, the
      stress ulcer developed in the proximal antrum of pylorus ligated rats and
      penetrated into the muscularis mucosa. Sodium bicarbonate, chlorpromazine,
      hexamethonium, atropine, metiamide, and bilateral vagotomy markedly inhibited the
      stress ulcers which developed in the pylorus-ligated rats. Phentolamine and
      propranolol hardly affected the development of stress ulcers. Amylopectine evoked
      a new type of stress ulcer in the corpus when it was given to the pylorus-ligated
      rats.

PMID- 961673
TI  - Editorial: On the publication of theory and models in the journals of biomedical
      science.

PMID- 961674
TI  - Editorial: The gallbladder and bile composition.

PMID- 961675
TI  - Double-contrast gastrography.

PMID- 961676
TI  - Allopurinol-induced granulomatous hepatitis.

PMID- 961677
TI  - Myxedema ascites.
AB  - A 74-year-old man presented with mental obtundation and massive ascites without
      evidence of significant impairment of liver function. Thyroid function studies
      suggested hypothyroidism. Aspirated ascitic fluid had the characteristics of an
      exudate. Thyroid replacement therapy resulted in rapid clinical improvement with
      resolution of the ascites. Prompt recognition of myxedema ascites may prevent the
      inappropriate use of diuretic agents, therapeutic paracentesis, and sometimes
      unnecessary laparotomy.

PMID- 961678
TI  - Filiform polyposis of the colon. First report in a case of transmural colitis
      (Crohn's disease).
AB  - Filiform polyposis of the colon is characterized by multitudinous wormlike
      projections of mucosa and submucosa, and it has only previously been reported to
      be an unusual sequel to a prior limited episode of ulcerative colitis. The first
      reported instance complicating a 16-year course of typical transmural colitis
      (Crohn's disease) suggests that this benign proliferation may be a nonspecific
      submucosal response to two separated, but closely subadjacent zones of submucosal
      inflammation in either type of colitis. Although few cases of filiform polyposis
      are available for review, there has been no instance associated with carcinoma.
      The entity in itself does not represent an indication for colectomy.

PMID- 961679
TI  - A new substrate for the rapid evaluation of enteric microbial overgrowth.
AB  - The possibility of a new approach to diagnosis of intestinal bacterial overgrowth
      has been evaluated in laboratory animals. The diagnostic test involves oral
      administration of an enzyme-labile substrate consisting of para-aminobenzoic acid
      (PABA) conjugated to a bile acid. In the presence of enteric bacteria, PABA is
      split from the bile acid and is rapidly absorbed and excreted in the urine. The
      amount of PABA recovered during the 6 hr following the administered dose of the
      conjugate may be used as an index of bacterial overgrowth in the upper
      gastrointestinal tract. The procedure has been shown to be a reliable index of
      this condition in laboratory animal models.

PMID- 961680
TI  - Letter: A complication of prolonged intestinal intubation.

PMID- 961681
TI  - The asymptomatic HB6-Ag carrier: auto- and heterologous perils.
AB  - The asympatomatic carrier--usually discovered on offering to be a blood donor-
      presents a complex health problem which to date has received only "guarded"
      attention. These carriers may be dangerous, because they can transmit the HBs-Ag
      not only by parenteral but also by "nonparenteral" means, due to its presence in
      urine, feces, saliva, tears, semen, vaginal discharge, menstrual flow, breast
      milk, joint, ascitic and cerebrospinal fluids. The transmission by sexual contact
      is well established. Inapparent transmission may also occur from insufficient
      sterilization of instruments, by tatooing, ear piercing, by barbers, manicurists,
      dentists and by mosquitoes and bedbugs. Some of the characteristics of an
      asymptomatic HBs-Ag carrier seem to be: a young male, most often black, from a
      poor social and hygienic environment with a possible gene dependent immune
      deficiency state. Our experiences suggest that all newly admitted patients to the
      hospital personnel should have determinations of the presence of HBs-Ag in their
      blood, so that adequate steps can be taken to protect their contacts from
      infection.

PMID- 961682
TI  - Carcinoma of the gallbladder. A twenty-five year review.

PMID- 961683
TI  - Retrograde pancreatography: new contributions.
AB  - The standard technic for pancreatography was modified by using a metallic guide
      wire in the proximal half of the cannula so as to regulate pressure independently
      from that applied manually. The maximum pressure obtained by this method was
      measured in a polyethylene teflon cannula constructed to correspond to the
      Wirsung duct. Pressure was five times less when the guide wire was used. Our
      results in 33 patients correspond to experimental data. Only in 28% of our cases
      did the amylase rise slightly to a maximum of 290 Somogyi units. Acinar
      opacification was attempted by adding NaCO3 to a standard dye solution and was
      obtained in 20% of the cases (5 of 25). Maximum amylase elevation in this group
      was 263 Somogyi units. No complications resulted from the pressure measurements
      during pancreatography.

PMID- 961684
TI  - Endoscopic observation of the gastric mucus in vivo stained with azure A.
AB  - Gastric mucus was stained with Azure A, a cationic dye, which had the highest
      affinity with macromolecular constituents of the mucus, under such conditions as
      0.2% Azure A-0.5% NaHCO3 solution (pH 8.1) in dye concentration, staining for ten
      minutes, 37 degrees C in reaction temperature and the salt concentration and
      ionic strength below 6.0 x 10(-2). In rat and resected human stomachs, gastric
      mucus was clearly stained under these conditions. In human subjects, the in vivo
      stained muscu was observed endoscopically. The pyloric gland region. The
      difference was seen in the pattern of the gastric area between the fundic and
      pyloric gland region. Histological examination revealed that only the mucous
      layer was stained with Azure A. The stained macromolecules in the mucus and
      factors affecting the staining were discussed.

PMID- 961685
TI  - The role of coloscopy in the differential diagnosis between idiopathic ulcerative
      colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon.
AB  - The authors point out the striking significance of coloscopy in establishing a
      correct diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the colon. In particular, the most
      valuable endoscopic features are indicated which may permit distinguishing
      between idiopathic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon.
      Differentiation between these two diseases cannot always be achieved by means of
      available diagnostic procedures other than coloscopy. Moreover, the endoscopic
      findings enable an assessment to be made of the extent, stage, severity and
      course of either disease. The authors' experience encompass 2,478 coloscopy
      examinations: the observed cases of idiopathic ulcerative colitis are 182, those
      of Crohn's disease of the colon are 104.

PMID- 961686
TI  - Oxacillin-associated hepatitis.

PMID- 961687
TI  - Acute yersinial ileitis: a distinct entity.
AB  - A case report of documented Yersinial acute ileitis is presented. A review of the
      literature reveals that progression to Crohn's disease is uncommon. Yersinosis
      can present as several symptom complexes. Mesenteric lymphadenitis and terminal
      ileitis, however, appear to be the most common. The diagnosis is usually made
      during laparotomy for possible appendicitis, because the symptom complex may be
      very similar. If the only finding at laparotomy is a thickened edematous ileum,
      postoperative titers for Yersinia should be taken. A greater awareness is
      necessary before the true incidence and epidemiology can be ascertained.

PMID- 961688
TI  - Systemic sclerosis and regional enteritis occurring simultaneously.
AB  - A 58-year-old white female who had regional enteritis for many years insidiously
      developed scleroderma. A review of the literature failed to reveal any previous
      reports of this combination of diseases. The possible etiologies of both diseases
      are discussed along with their overlapping clinical manifestations.

PMID- 961689
TI  - The radiology corner: ischemia of the colon.

PMID- 961690
TI  - Acculturation and coronary heart disease in Japanese-Americans.
AB  - Among men of Japanese ancestry, there is a gradient in the occurrence of coronary
      heart disease (CHD). It is lowest in Japan, intermediate in Hawaii, and highest
      in California. This gradient appears not to be completely explained by
      differences in dietary intake, serum cholesterol, blood pressure or smoking. To
      test the hypothesis that social and cultural differences may account for the CHD
      differences between Japan and the United States, 3809 Japanese-Americans in
      California were classified according to the degree to which they retained a
      traditional Japanese culture. The most traditional group of Japanese-Americans
      had a CHD prevalence as low as that observed in Japan. The group that was most
      acculturated to Western culture had a three- to five-fold excess in CHD
      prevalence. This difference in CHD rate between most and least acculturated
      groups could not be accounted for by differences in the major coronary risk
      factors.

PMID- 961691
TI  - Influenza detection: a prospective comparison of surveillance methods and
      analysis of isolates.
AB  - Several prospective methods for surveillance of influenza were compared for the
      speed and efficacy with which they identified cases of influenza in metropolitan
      Atlanta during 1972-1975, a period in which two outbreaks of influenza occurred.
      In a large city-county hospital's outpatient clinics, systematic collection of
      pharyngeal cultures for virus isolation provided a rapid means for discovering
      the presence of influenzal illness and for monitoring the extent of the outbreak.
      Both obtaining cultures and determining the percentage of patients with
      respiratory complaints indicated an outbreak 3-5 weeks before epidemic disease
      was confirmed by a rise in the number of deaths due to pneumonia and influenza.
      Antigenic analysis of influenza A strains isolated during this three-year period
      showed that influenza A strains recovered in Atlanta in 1973-1974 (a non-epidemic
      year) were identical to the strains recovered in the 1974-1975 epidemic. Why no
      epidemic occurred in 1973-1974 in the presence of the epidemic strain of the
      virus is unknown, and the lack of an epidemic suggests that the role of virus
      persistence in the epidemiology of influenza requires further evaluation.

PMID- 961692
TI  - A study of hepatitis B antigen carriers among schoolchildren in Netanya, Israel.
AB  - In the town of Netanya 9162 elementary schoolchildren (age 6-14 years) were
      tested for hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) by the counter-electrophoresis method. The
      overall prevalence was 1.8% with a higher rate for males (2.2%) than for females
      (1.4%). Higher rates were observed among children born in the autumn and winter,
      particularly among the boys. This seasonal trend and male-female difference may
      partially be explained if infection occurs at circumcision. The ethnic
      distribution showed highest rates among children of Libyan and Yemenite origin
      (3.9% and 2.6%, respectively), and lowest rates among children of European and
      Israeli born parents (0.4% and 0.2%, respectively). Prevalence of HBsAg among
      children from large families and those from families living in poor and crowded
      quarters was very significantly higher than among children from smaller families
      living in richer areas and in less crowded conditions. These variables, which are
      closely associated with social class, remain significant after adjustment for
      ethnic origin and seem to account for a large proportion of the variation among
      the Israeli schoolchildren. The variation due to ethnicity is markedly reduced
      when adjusted for five other pertinent variables: age, sex, season of birth,
      crowding and family size. Assuming that prevalence of HBsAg in a population
      reflects the rates of infection (past or present), the results of this study
      strongly support the hypothesis that type B hepatitis in Israel behaves
      essentially as a contagious infection manifested primarily as a subclinical
      disease of early and mid-childhood.

PMID- 961693
TI  - Pharyngeal isolations of adenovirus 31 from a family population.
AB  - During a 14-month period in 1965 and 1966, adenovirus type 31 was isolated from
      26 pharyngeal swabs obtained on a routine schedule from children and adults
      during a study of respiratory viruses among members of a family population.
      Eighteen isolations were made in a four-day period, seven within the preceding
      five months, and the last, eight months earlier. A significant association
      between the isolation of adenovirus 31 and respiratory or gastrointestinal
      illnesses was not demonstrable. Limited tests demonstrated neutralizing antibody
      increases in a few paired sera of infected adults. The virus is antigenically
      related to adenoviruses 12 and 18 and is capable of inducing soft tissue tumors
      in mice.

PMID- 961694
TI  - Nosocomial infection with highly resistant, Proteus rettgeri. Report of an
      epidemic.
AB  - Over 22-1/2 months an epidemic of at least 127 cases of nosocomial infection
      developed from a strain of Proteus rettgeri resistant to all antibiotics commonly
      tested in hospital laboratories. Although there were at least four cases of
      septicemia and one related death, the majority of cases consisted of asymptomatic
      bacteriuria or clinically mild urinary tract infection. Indwelling urinary tract
      devices and antibiotic therapy were important predisposing factors. Data
      supported an association between increasing use of gentamicin and increasing
      rates of resistant infection. No common source was found, and contact spread
      appeared more likely. Control measures included efforts to reduce unnecessary
      exposure to the incriminated risk factors and to improve asepsis in the
      management of catheterized patients. An additional 36 cases and one related death
      were identified in the 7-1/2 months following the investigation and institution
      of control measures. Nosocomial infection with extremely resistant organisms may
      pose a serious hazard wherever indwelling urinary tract devices and antibiotics
      are used together intensively.

PMID- 961695
TI  - Distribution of suspected tick vectors and reported cases of Rocky Mountain
      spotted fever in California.
AB  - Evidence is presented for an area of human risk to Rocky Mountain spotted fever
      (RMSF) in California extending beyond the range of its classic tick vector,
      Dermacentor andersoni. Geographic, seasonal, and host distributions of
      Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor occidentalis suggest these species as
      potential vectors of RMSF in California outside the range of Dermacentor
      andersoni.

PMID- 961696
TI  - Oral rabies vaccine: evaluation of its infectivity in three species of rodents.
AB  - The safety of oral rabies vaccine was evaluated in 3 species of rodents, animals
      which might inadvertently consume field-distributed vaccine baits intended for
      foxes. The potentials for infection from bait ingestion and transmission through
      cannibalism were evaluated. Results indicate that ingestion of the vaccine baits
      used in these experiments will result in infection and disease of some rodents.
      Of 64 rodents which ate baits, 19 (30%) died of clinical rabies; the diagnosis
      was confirmed in 11 (17%), and 2 (3%) had demonstrable rabies virus in their
      salivary glands. Only 3 of 112 (3%) rodents that ate vaccine-infected rodents
      contracted rabies, and none had demonstrable virus in their salivary glands.

PMID- 961697
TI  - Effect of immunosuppressants on dogs exposed two and one-half years previously to
      Blastomyces dermatitidis.
AB  - Observation of 33 dogs exposed to Blastomyces dermatitidis over a  2 1/2 year
      period is reported. During the first 1 1/2 years six dogs died and 23 (77%)
      developed skin lesions. Clinical evidence of disease in all the animals then
      subsided and remained so through another year of observation. Nine animals were
      sacrificed after 120 weeks and several tissues were cultured from each one. The
      remaining 18 were given immunosuppressants--azathioprine, prednisone, and
      cyclophosphamide--for eight weeks prior to autopsy. About one-half of the dogs
      were found to be infected with Histoplasma capsulatum and all were negative for
      B. dermatitidis by culture. The dogs were thought to have been inadvertently
      exposed to H. capsulatum during the first eight weeks of observation from a
      nearby soil plot before being moved to a more remote shelter. Skin testing with
      histoplasmin and blastomycin and complement-fixation (CF) tests, performed at
      various intervals after exposure to B. dermatitidis, appeared to reflect the
      course of disease with the number of reactors to the H. capsulatum antigens
      remaining relatively high while the number of reactors to B. dermatitidis
      antigens fell with the passage of time. The blastomycin skin test results in
      these dogs, however, persisted far longer than positive Blastomyces CF results.
      These data suggest that most dogs exposed to B. dermatitidis exhibit clinical
      symptoms of disease after about 12 weeks, persisting for about one year. The
      majority of animals recover spontaneously and completely. With H. capsulatum,
      however, the infection can be subclinical for at least a two-year period.

PMID- 961698
TI  - Acute renal success. The unexpected logic of oliguria in acute renal failure.

PMID- 961699
TI  - Sepsis associated with decubitus ulcers.
AB  - Among 21 patients with sepsis attributed solely to decubitus ulcers, bacteremia
      was documented in 16 (76 per cent)9 Bacteremia involved obligate anaerobes in
      eight patients (50 per cent) and was polymicrobial in eight patients (50 per
      cent). Twelve of 17 patients who received antibiotics had persistent bacteremia;
      in five patients, bacteremia was terminated only after surgical debridement. Ten
      of these 21 patients died, eight despite appropirate antibiotics. Among 14
      patients who underwent surgical debridement, only four patients died. Surgical
      debridement and antibiotics effective against aerobic as well as anaerobic
      bacteria are both important in the treatment of this serious complication.

PMID- 961700
TI  - The cardiac conduction system in progressive systemic sclerosis. Clinical and
      pathologic features of 35 patients.
AB  - Progressive systemic sclerosis may be associated with focal myocardial fibrosis.
      Electrocardiographic abnormalities including conduction block are common in
      progressive systemic sclerosis but whether they are due to direct destruction of
      the specialized conduction tissue of the heart is uncertain. The conduction
      systems of 35 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were studied. Of these
      35 patients, 17 (50 per cent) had myocardial fibrosis of the type seen in
      progressive systemic sclerosis. In 10 of the 17, it was severe. Sinus node
      fibrosis was present in 13 patients and was nearly as frequent in those with as
      in those without the progressive systemic sclerosis myocardial lesion. Overlying
      pericarditis may have contributed to the fibrotic changes within the sinoatrial
      nodes in seven of the 13 patients. The atrioventricular node and main His bundles
      were normal. However, fibrotic changes were found in the proximal bundle systems
      in six patients. In three of the six, severe myocardial progressive systemic
      sclerosis was present, two had focal fibrous atrophy of the left bundle, and one
      had complete interruption of the right bundle. In only the latter patient was
      this reflected in the electrocardiogram which showed a right bundle branch block.
      Three patients without progressive systemic sclerosis myocardial lesions also had
      fibrous atrophy of a portion of the proximal left bundle branch, and in one the
      electrocardiogram showed an isolated left anterior hemiblock. Thus, morphologic
      abnormalities within the conduction system in our patients are difficult to
      attribute to progressive systemic sclerosis per se. Furthermore, although
      conduction abnormalities were more frequent in patients with myocardial disease,
      specific conduction system disease was not the cause in most patients. As has
      been noted in ischemic heart disease, the conduction system appears to be
      relatively spared from the myocardial changes of progressive systemic sclerosis,
      and the high incidence of conduction disturbances in this condition may be a
      consequence, rather, of damage to working myocardium.

PMID- 961701
TI  - Clinicopathologic conference: American Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 961702
TI  - Immunodeficiency, xanthomas and obstructive liver disease.
AB  - Chronic obstructive liver disease and secondary hyperlipidemia developed in an
      immunodeficient boy. Sequential addition of cholestyramine and phenobarbital to
      his medical regimen, following an initial response to bile drainage, resulted in
      the disappearance of xanthomas and pruritus, and the restoration of normal serum
      concentrations of lipids and bile acids. This improvement may result from
      shifting the bile acid pool from the peripheral blood compartment to the
      enterohepatic circulation.

PMID- 961703
TI  - Goodpasture's syndrome in a patient with the Nail-Patella syndrome.
AB  - A patient with the nail-patella syndrome in whom end-stage renal failuure
      developed as the result of Goodpasture's syndrome is described. Lesions
      characteristic of both rare diseases were seen on renal morphology. It is
      postulated that the glomerular membrane alteration of the nail-patella syndrome
      predisposed to the development of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody and
      hence Goodpasture's syndrome. A review of the incidence of renal failure in the
      nail-patella syndrome suggests that renal involvement can no longer be regarded
      as benign and that immune mechanisms may be related to progressive renal disease
      in some cases.

PMID- 961704
TI  - The appearance of nonlinear deposits of immunoglobulins in Goodpasture's
      syndrome.
AB  - A twenty year old woman presented with pulmonary hemorrhage and
      glomerulonephritis with linear deposition of IgG on the glomerular capillary
      basement membrane, and high titer of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody in
      her serum. Without treatment, renal function, which was transiently impaired, has
      improved, pulmonary hemorrhage subsided, and repeat renal biopsies have revealed
      the appearance of nonlinear in addition to the linear deposition of IgG on the
      glomerular capillary basement membrane in the face of diminished serum
      antiglomerular basement membrane antibody titer.

PMID- 961705
TI  - Splenosis: autotransplantation of splenic tissue.
AB  - Splenosis is the autotransplantation of splenic tissue that usually follows
      traumatic rupture of the spleen. Generally, the splenic implants are numerous and
      are located within the peritoneal cavity; however, extra-abdominal splenosis does
      occur. The implants are rarely clinically significant and are incidental findings
      at autopsy or at abdominal operation, unrelated to and distant from the splenic
      trauma and splenectomy. Splenic implants retain their ability to function, and
      recurrence of a hematologic disease for which the spleen was previously removed
      should alter the  clinician to the possibility of splenosis. The differential
      diagnosis includes accessory spleens, endometriosis, hemangiomas and metastatic
      cancer. We report three cases, two of which represent unusual complications of
      splenosis: a twisted pedicle of a splenic implant, which apparently caused
      abdominal pain, and recurrent Felty's syndrome associated with splenosis and an
      accessory spleen.

PMID- 961706
TI  - Regression of atherosclerotic stenosing lesions of the renal arteries and
      spontaneous cure of systemic hypertension through control of hyperlipidemia.
AB  - We describe a 49 year old woman with impressive regression of renal artery
      stenosing atherosclerotic lesions in response to sustained excellent control of
      hyperlipidemia. Initially, she had high blood pressure necessitating combined
      drug therapy with chlorothiazide, methyldopa and propranolol, with only
      moderately satisfactory control. Renal arteriography revealed a 90 per cent
      stenosing lesion of the right renal artery and 75 per cent narrowing of the left
      renal artery. Peripheral vein plasma renin was markedly increased at 32 ng/ml.
      With a combination of cholestyramine and clofibrate, serum lipids were maintained
      at normal values for several years. Increased blood pressure diminished
      spontaneously, and the patient has maintained normal blood pressures after
      discontinuation of antihypertensive therapy. Repeat renal arteriograms showed
      almost complete regression of the right renal artery lesion and a possible
      decrease in left renal artery disease. Peripheral vein plasma renin became normal
      at 3 ng/ml. This case illustrates that sustained control of hyperlipidemia could
      lead to regression of atherosclerotic nodules and impressive clinical improvement
      in certain patients.

PMID- 961707
TI  - Arthritis with an inflammatory dermatosis resembling Sweet's syndrome. Report of
      a unique case and review of the literature on arthritis associated with the
      inflammatory dermatoses.
AB  - A patient with a unique case of chronic episodic arthritis coincident with flares
      of acneform, pustular, nodular and ulcerating skin lesions was observed over a
      five-year period. This patient and a review of the literature on arthritis
      associated with the inflammatory dermatoses provide evidence which may
      interrelate several of these nosologically confusing skin conditions, e.g., the
      family of leukocytoclastic angiitides with the newly posited acute febrile
      neutrophilic dermatosis of Sweet. Systemic manifestations and a variety of
      acneform, pustular, nodular and ulcerating cutaneous lesions in the inflammatory
      dermatoses are best explained by small vessel involvement, with individual
      syndromes being determined by the type and degree of vascular change.
      Perivascular neutrophilic infiltration is the unifying histologic feature of
      these small vessel diseases. Neutrophil infiltration differentiates these
      entities, and our patient, from the histologically nonspecific inflammations of
      the skin, e.g., Behcet's disease and pyoderma gangrenosum, which, although
      capable of causing identically appearing skin lesions, consist predominantly of
      lymphocytic dermal infiltrates even in the earlier stages. It appears important
      to recognized these morphologically varied acute inflammatory dermatoses with
      perivascular neutrophilic infiltration in view of their systemic features and the
      dramatic efficacy of corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 961708
TI  - Absence of imune deficiencies in a case of progressive multifocal
      leukoencephalopathy.
AB  - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare disease related to a
      slow virus infection of the central nervous system; it is usually seen in
      patients who have impaired immunologic function. The present patient with biopsy
      proved PML was found to have no demonstrable defects in either cellular or
      humoral immunity as assessed by multiple parameters. Thus, it appears that PML
      may occur in the presence of intact immune responses.

PMID- 961709
TI  - Sickle cell--betao thalassemia variant with high hemoglobin F and mild clinical
      course.
AB  - A 70 year old Black woman had chronic hemolytic anemia without recurrent painful
      crises. Hemoglobin pattern by electrophoresis was hemoglobin S (69 to 71 per
      cent), hemoglobin A2 (4.6 per cent) and hemoglobin F (24 to 27 per cent). No
      hemoglobin A was detected, and the hemoglobin F was distributed heterogeneously
      in the red cells. Reticulocyte alpha/nonalpha globin chain synthetic ratios were
      1.44 to 1.62. Thus, the patient had a high hemoglobin F variant of S-beta zero
      (betao) thalassemia which has not been described previously. Her clinical course
      has been mild in comparison with S-betao thalassemia patients who do not have
      extremely elevated hemoglobin F levels.

PMID- 961710
TI  - Enterobacteriaceae identification compared by MORLOC (a new system) and API 20E.
AB  - Identifications of 201 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were compared by MORLOC (a new
      system) and the API 20E system. Identifications agreed for 192 isolates (95.5 per
      cent). Of the nine discrepancies, MORLOC was correct for four, API for three;
      neither for one; and for one, MORLOC agreed with the reference laboratory but
      apparently all three systems were incorrect. The MORLOC system requires an extra
      day for a TSI but is smaller and simpler and can be recommended as easier to use,
      more reproducible, less expensive, and, in this study, more accurate than the API
      20E.

PMID- 961711
TI  - Hematology problem of the month: band or seg?

PMID- 961712
TI  - Letter: Retraining of inactive medical technologists.

PMID- 961713
TI  - Hyperkalemia: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - We have considered a differential diagnosis of clinical hyperkalemia. The
      clinical signs and symptoms of patients with hyperkalemia are manifold and can
      involve many organ systems. The nonoliguric chronic renal failure patient with
      hyporeninemia and hypoaldosteronemia may have as one of his principal problems
      recurrent hyperkalemia. Treatment of this condition includes well-known
      modalities such as administration of calcium salts, NaHCO3, removal of potassium
      with resin or dialysis as well as placement of a transvenous pacemaker in
      anticipation of bradyarrhythmias or asystole.

PMID- 961714
TI  - Sodium and water: an overview.
AB  - The renal regulation of sodium is intertwined with the extracellular fluid volume
      (ECFV). Most adjustments in sodium elimination in man are accomplished via
      alterations in tubular reabsorption. The latter is sensitive to change in ECFV.
      An expanded ECFV results in less reabsorption and more excretion of sodium, and a
      contracted ECFV has the converse effect. There are direct and indirect mechanisms
      whereby ECFV influences sodium reabsorption. Patients with nephrotic syndrome,
      heart failure, and cirrhosis "behave" physiologically as normal individuals with
      a contracted ECFV. Water balance is normally determined by intake and losses in
      sweat which is always hypoosmotic to plasma, by evaporation from skin and lungs,
      and through renal excretion. The major factors that determine the ability to
      concentrate the urine are (1) the establishment of a concentrated environment
      around the collecting ducts, and (2) the elaboration and effects on the kidney of
      antidiuretic hormone. The evaluation of a patient with abnormalities of sodium
      and water rests initially and largely on clinical information. The clinical
      setting provides clues to anticipating, preventing, and interpreting distortions
      of body sodium and water. The laboratory can detect an abnormality, confirm or
      refute clinical assessment, and assist in the quantitative aspects of treatment
      and its efficacy.

PMID- 961715
TI  - Fluid and electrolyte disturbances in cirrhosis.
AB  - Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow may be normal, reduced or
      increased in cirrhosis. The mechanism of departures from normal is not known.
      Other renal functional changes in cirrhosis include avid sodium reabsorption,
      impaired concentrating and diluting abilities, and partial renal tubular
      acidosis. Fluid and electrolyte disorders are common. Sodium retention with edema
      and ascites should generally be treated conservatively because they tend to
      disappear as the liver heals and because forced diuresis has hazards. The
      indications for diuretics are (1) incipient or overt atelectasis; (2) abdominal
      distress; and (3) possibility of skin breakdown. Hyponatremia is common and its
      mechanism and treatment must be assessed in each patient. Hypokalemia occurs and
      requires treatment. Respiratory alkalosis and renal tubular acidosis seldom need
      therapy. The hepatorenal syndrome is defined as functional renal failure in the
      absence of other known causes of renal functional impairment. The prognosis is
      terrible and therapy is unsatisfactory. The best approach is not to equate the
      occurrence of renal failure in cirrhosis with the hepatorenal syndrome. Rather
      the physician should first explore all treatable causes of renal failure, eg,
      dehydration, obstruction, infection, heart failure, potassium depletion, and
      others.

PMID- 961716
TI  - Experimental studies on cataract.
AB  - I have discussed five aspects of lens metabolism and their possible relationship
      to cataract in man, and this has left me with five fundamental questions to be
      answered. 1. Are the fluorescent tryptophan derivatives, found only in the lens
      of man and higher primates, involved in the development of brown nuclear
      cataract? 2. Is naphthalene cataract in rabbits a model for any type of cataract
      in man--i.e., are quinones ever formed in the human eye? 3. Is diabetes the only
      cataract in which osmotic swelling is important? 4. Does self-digestion of
      protein in the human lens contribute to cataract development? 5. Are the
      consequences of the abnormal maturation of lens fibers, which occurs in
      tryptophan deficiency cataract in rats, ever seen in man?

PMID- 961717
TI  - Primary retinal degeneration: evidence of normal phagocytosis in the retinal
      pigment epithelium.
AB  - In rats with primary retinal degeneration, lens extraction combined with total
      retinal detachment provided a model for injection of a tracer of colloidal carbon
      into the subretinal space. Electron microscopy and acid phosphatase cytochemistry
      were subsequently used to analyze the ingestion of tracer by the retinal pigment
      epithelium. It was found that the attachment, ingestion, and digestion phases of
      the phagocytic process were apparently preserved. From this evidence it is
      suggested that there is no lack of phagocytic power in the retinal pigment
      epithelium of affected rat strains.

PMID- 961718
TI  - Histopathology of experimental ethambutol intoxication.
AB  - Ethambutol was administered to albino rats in their drinking water in doses of
      105 to 2,500 mg. per kilogram per day for 18 to 102 days. Sixteen per cent
      developed bilateral lesions consisting of focal axonal swelling without
      demyelination, in their optic chiasms and the intracranial portions of their
      optic nerves.

PMID- 961719
TI  - Effects of mechanical agitation on endothelial function of preserved corneas.
AB  - Corneas from adult albino New Zealand rabbits were stored in either MK medium or
      moist chambers at 4 degrees C. for 18 to 24 hours. During that time, half the
      corneas from each group were agitated for 8 hours to simulate the motion that
      might occur during long-distance shipment. The corneas were then placed in
      specular microscopes and perfused for 4 hours with a modified Krebs-Ringer
      solution at 34 degrees C. Serial measurements of corneal thickness made during
      temperature reversal showed that agitation had no effect on endothelial viability
      of corneas stored in either solution. Electron microscopy of selected corneas
      confirmed this finding.

PMID- 961720
TI  - Corneal water and electrolyte content following storage in moist chamber and MK
      medium.
AB  - Rabbit corneas were subjected to MK-medium or moist-chamber storage for periods
      up to 7 days. Sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations and hydration were
      measured. The hydration of corneas stored in MK medium was less than that of
      those stored in moist chambers. The sodium concentration of MK corneas remained
      stable for up to 7 days; the potassium concentration, however, decreased with
      increasingly longer periods of storage. Chloride concentrations quickly
      equilibrated with the high chloride level of MK medium. The concentration of
      sodium and chloride in moist chamber-stored corneas fell with progressively
      longer storage periods. Potassium showed an initial decrease in concentration
      followed by an increase in concentration that paralleled, and equilibrated with,
      the increasing acqueous humor concentration.

PMID- 961721
TI  - An improved model of experimentally induced ocular hypertension in the rabbit.
AB  - A model of experimentally induced ocular hypertension for the evaluation of
      antiglaucoma drugs in the unanesthetized rabbit is described. It is based on the
      intravenous infusion of suitable amounts of 5 per cent glucose solution, and
      advantageously substitutes the oral water load. The method is sensitive to drugs
      acting both on the outflow facility (2 per cent pilocarpine) and an aqueous humor
      formation (10 per cent guanethidine).

PMID- 961722
TI  - Levodopa in fulminant hepatic failure: preliminary report.

PMID- 961723
TI  - The WISC may not be a valid predictor of school performance for primary-grade
      minority children.
AB  - In the present investigation we studied the validity of the Wechsler Intelligence
      Scale for Children (WISC) for predicting several criterial teachers' ratings for
      primary-grade black, Anglo, and Mexican-American children. The results were
      rather striking: although validities for the combined groups were good (rs near
      .6), the validities calculated within each group presented a different picture.
      Validities were good for the Anglo children but near zero for the black and
      Mexican-American children. These results suggest that the WISC may be of little
      value in the assessment of the educability of minority children. The implications
      of these results for educational placement and the heredity-environment
      controversy were discussed.

PMID- 961724
TI  - Transfer of categorial clustering set in mildly retarded adolescents.
AB  - The relative effectiveness of instructions to adopt an organizational strategy
      vs. exposure to category labels was investigated. Twenty-four retarded
      adolescents were assigned to each of three conditions (blocking plus
      instructions, blocking plus labels, and blocking) for pretraining and training.
      Immediately after training, all subjects received a transfer task consisting of a
      new randomly organized list containing words from the same (training) categories
      for one-half of the subjects and from different categories for the other half.
      When exposure to category labels accompanied blocking, results indicated
      increased clustering and recall during the training phase and a trend toward
      increased clustering during the transfer phase.

PMID- 961725
TI  - Modifying maternal teaching style: effects of task arrangement on the match-to
      sample performance of retarded preschool-age-children.
AB  - Twenty-one mothers and their retarded preschool-age children were observed during
      six teaching sessions. Following the first three sessions, each mother-child dyad
      was assigned to one of the three groups. Groups were matched on measures of
      mother and child behavior and on measures of various mother and child background
      factors. Prior to the last three teaching sessions, mothers received instructions
      to modify certain aspects of their teaching style. The results indicated that
      children of mothers who had been instructed to present the materials of the task
      systematically obtained significantly higher performance scores during training
      than did children of mothers who either received no instruction or had been told
      to increase positive feedback for correct responses. Further, 6 of 7 children
      whose mothers had altered the manner in which they presented the task materials
      showed improvement on a test administered after training. These results suggest
      that nonverbal activities which precede responding are critical aspects of
      teaching style and deserve more attention than they have received in the past.

PMID- 961726
TI  - Acquisition of concepts by TMR children as a function of type of modeling, rule
      verbalization, and observer gender.
AB  - A four-factor repeated measures design was established in order to determine (a)
      whether or not TMR children could acquire a novel rule-governed concept via
      modeling and (b) the effects of type of modeling demonstration, verbal rule
      provision, and observer gender on concept matching and transfer by TMR children.
      Twenty-four male and 24 female TMR children (mean IQ=44 and mean MA=5.67 years)
      were divided into four groups each equated by stratified assignment on IQ and MA.
      One male and one female group were randomly selected to observe a live female
      model present (a) massed-demonstration trials while verbalizing the concept, (b)
      massed trials without the concept being verbalized, (c) distributed-demonstration
      trials with the conceptual verbalization, and (d) distributed trials without
      conceptual verbalization. Subjects were then presented with three transfer tasks,
      each subsequently requiring a greater degree of generalization from the
      demonstration task. It was found that TMR children could acquire and transfer the
      complex concept via modeling. Distributed demonstrations yielded better initial
      response matching, while massed demonstrations led to better transfer. Rule
      provision facilitated transfer for massed-demonstration groups and facilitated
      matching for the male distributed-trials groups.

PMID- 961727
TI  - Assessment of the physical work capacity of institutionalized mentally retarded
      males.
AB  - Educable and trainable mentally retarded males (N=37) were examined for physical
      work capacity. Analysis of results indicated that the physical work capacity of
      the test population was 20 to 30% below that cited in the literature for
      nonretarded subjects of similar age and sex. Evidence also suggested that
      developmental and maintenance programs of physical fitness were required in order
      for mentally retarded persons to qualify for and maintain employment on most of
      the manual occupational tasks cited.

PMID- 961728
TI  - Eye movements and conservation acceleration in mildly retarded children.
AB  - Thirty mildly retarded elementary-school children, 15 of whom had received
      perceptual/attentional training, were tested on four Piagetian conservation tasks
      (number, length, and continuous quantity solid/liquid) presented on 16 mm movie
      film with taped instructions. Eye movements were recorded during the response
      period for each task. Subsequent analyses of eye-movement patterns showed clear
      differences between the training and control groups. Trained conservers showed
      more visual exploratory activity and less perceptual centration than control
      group subjects. Moreover the eye-movement patterns of trained conservers closely
      approximated those shown by natural (i.e., untrained) retarded conservers in a
      previous study. The findings were discussed in terms of possible cognitive
      structural changes resulting from training and possible cognitive structural
      differences between mildly retarded and nonretarded children.

PMID- 961729
TI  - Nurses' expectations for accomplishment of mentally retarded patients.
AB  - As part of a larger study into the pattern of care delivered to hospitalized
      mentally retarded adults, an attitude survey was undertaken. Factor analysis on
      questionnaires returned by 696 nurses yielded a three factor solution. One
      factor, concerned with the expectations that nurses hold of the potential level
      of patient accomplishment, was examined. Different grades of staff were found to
      hold significantly different views on a scale ranging from "optimist" to
      "pessimist". Results from 30 hospitals showed that, after correcting for this
      grade effect, there were substantial institutional differences.

PMID- 961730
TI  - Life expectancy of mentally retarded persons in Canadian institutions.
AB  - Data obtained from Statistics Canada were presented on the mortality level and
      expectancy of life for profoundly retarded and severely and moderately retarded
      persons in Canadian institutions for the years 1966 through 1968. Previous
      studies of mortality statistics were reported in mortality rates, average age at
      death, and crude death rates which are affected by the age distribution of the
      population involved. The very young and the very old are underrepresented in
      institutions, and thus these measures are not as accurate as life expectancy
      tables, which present the number of years expected to live, are independent of
      age distribution, and provide a reliable statistical measure for future
      replication and international comparisons. Retarded persons in institutions are
      living longer than previously, but their life expectancy does not meet that of
      the general population. Estimates of life expectancy for this population are
      vital for planning purposes.

PMID- 961731
TI  - Utility of the Uzgiris and Hunt seales of sensorimotor development with severely
      and profoundly retarded children.
AB  - The reliability and validity of the Uzgiris and Hunt (1975) scales of
      sensorimotor development were examined with severely and profoundly retarded
      children. The subjects were 63 severely or profoundly retarded children between
      42 and 126 months of age. Thirty of the subjects were living in residential
      facilities, and 33 were living at home and attending day schools. All of the
      subjects were assessed on all six scales of the Uzgiris and Hunt instrument.
      Interexaminer and test-retest reliabilities were computed. Scalogram analyses
      were also computed for all but the Schemes scale. The findings were that the
      scales were reliable and, as theorized by Piaget, ordinal with the present
      sample. These findings were interpreted as indicating that these scales could be
      used reliably and validly with severely and profoundly retarded children. This
      was discussed in terms of the present and potential uses of these scales.

PMID- 961732
TI  - Sensory reinforcement of eyeblink rate in a decorticate human.
AB  - An unusual case of hydranencephaly was reported. The child survived for 19 years
      and showed evidence on three occasions of an increase in eyeblink rate with
      tactile reinforcement. Diagnosis was confirmed by an autopsy which revealed no
      preserved cortex in either hemisphere.

PMID- 961733
TI  - Role-taking ability and the interpersonal tactics of retarded children.
AB  - The relationship between social role-taking ability and preferences for
      interpersonal control tactics was assessed in 50 mentally retarded children.
      Feffer's Role-Taking Task and two hypothetical interpersonal control episodes
      were used as experimental measures. Results were that role-taking proficiency was
      associated with the development of alter-directed tactics or tactics by which the
      subject appeared to take into account the needs, motivations, or expectations of
      others. Neither MA nor IQ were significant predictors of interpersonal tactic
      choice. Controls for IQ and MA did not alter the significance of the association
      between role-taking and general tactic preferences.

PMID- 961734
TI  - A new approach to patients with suspected anaerobic postpartum pelvic infections.
      Transabdominal uterine aspiration for culture and metronidazole for treatment.
AB  - Oral metronidazole was given as therapy in 25 women with the clinical diagnosis
      of a postpartum anaerobic soft tissue pelvic infection following a vaginal
      delivery. There was a good clinical response in 80 per cent of these women. No
      anaerobic organisms resistant to metronidazole were recovered in the treatment
      failures. Different specimen collection techniques were evaluated, with anaerobes
      recovered in 4 per cent of the blood cultures, 26.3 per cent of the
      transabdominal endometrial aspirations, and 88 per cent of the transcervical
      endometrial samples. The aerobic recovery of organisms was 4 per cent from blood
      cultures, 15.8 per cent from transabdominal endometrial aspirations, and 96 per
      cent from the transcervical approach. The significance of these findings is
      discussed.

PMID- 961735
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated (greater than 2.5 ng. per milliliter)
      in 29 of 100 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). CEA
      concentration was related to the amount of intraepithelial neoplasia and to the
      presence of glandular extension. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of tumor cells
      was unrelated to CEA levels. CEA values returned to normal within 8 weeks
      following surgery in 77 per cent of patients. A persistently elevated (greater
      than 5.0 ng. milliter) plasma CEA value following conization was associated with
      residual CIN in the cervix. These results suggest that sequential CEA
      determinations may be of value in the follow-up of those cervical cancer patients
      who initially have high plasma antigen levels.

PMID- 961736
TI  - A hypothesis: the role of a high-risk male in the etiology of cervical carcinoma:
      a correlation of epidemiology and molecular biology.
AB  - Certain impressive epidemiological evidence appearing in the last few years leads
      to the conclusion that some males are more prone to have a spouse with squamous
      cancer of the cervix than others. Advances in knowledge in other fields,
      especially at the molecular biological level, enable speculation on reasons for
      this curious conclusion. These readily testable theories, together with an
      outline of the evidence on which they rest, form the substance of this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 961737
TI  - Outpatient evaluation of patients with atypical Papanicolaou smears: contribution
      of endocervical curettage.
AB  - A series of 603 patients referred with atypical Papanicolaou smears was evaluated
      by repeat smears, colposcopically directed cervical biopsies, and endocervical
      curettage. These techniques as a unit can establish an accurate outpatient
      diagnosis superior to any of these modalities used alone and comparable with
      findings in conization and hysterectomy specimens. Endocervical curettage has
      made a unique contribution to the evaluation of such patients; these curettings
      have allowed examination of tissue fragments and are more reliable in diagnosing
      neoplasia than are endocervical smears. Invasive carcinoma and its precursors
      confined to the anatomic endocervical canal can be recognized by this technique,
      and conversely the absence of neoplastic epithelium in adequate endocervical
      curettings rules out occult carcinoma. Indications for conization of the cervix
      are discussed in reference to the other biopsy and cytologic findings, and
      guidelines are presented for patient management, stressing clinicopathologic
      correlation and cooperation.

PMID- 961738
TI  - Volatile constituents of human vaginal secretions.
AB  - Vaginal secretions were serially studied for 44 ovulatory cycles from 12 patients
      by means of combined gas chromatograph--mass spectrometry to identify small
      organic volatile compounds. In 10 of these cycles ovulation was documented with
      plasma radoioimmunoassays for progesterone, estrogens, and LH. These secretions
      contain a complex mixture of acids, alcohols, hydroxyketones, and aromatic
      compounds. Lactic acid, acetic acid, and urea were found to be present in all
      patients and underwent sharp cyclical variations in concentration with maxima in
      all patients occurring at midcycle. Small-chain, volatile C2-C5 aliphatic acids
      which have been shown to induce mating behavior in male rhesus monkeys were found
      in only four patients. In these patients the above acids were found predominantly
      at midcycle and during the luteal phase.

PMID- 961739
TI  - Primary prostaglandins in amniotic fluid in pregnancy and spontaneous labor.
AB  - Primary prostaglandins have been measured by radioimmunoassay in the amniotic
      fluid of 80 patients. In late pregnancy, PGE2 was higher than PGF2alpha with an
      increase around 36 weeks (378 +/- 71 pg. per milliliter) without significant
      modification until term. PGF2alpha increased too, but only significantly at term.
      During spontaneous labor, PGE2 and PGF2alpha were higher than before the onset of
      labor. Through serial determinations in five patients, two steps can be
      distinguished: the first one with stable levels but large oscillations of PGE2
      and PGF2alpha and the second one starting at a variable stage of cervical
      dilatation with inversion of PGE2/PGF2alpha ratio (less than 1 and followed by an
      increase of both compounds more pronounced for PGF2alpha. It appears that PGE2 is
      concerned with the initiation of parturition while both PG's and mainly PGF2alpha
      are in relation to the contractions and the duration of labor.

PMID- 961740
TI  - Placental prostaglandin levels in pre-eclampsia.
AB  - Pre-eclampsia is characterized by uteroplacental ischemia. Prostaglandins can
      alter systemic blood pressure as well as regulate blood flow to the fetoplacental
      unit. In the present study, levels of prostaglandin E were significantly
      decreased in placental tissue from pre-eclamptic patients. Prostaglandin F, a
      potent vasoconstrictor, was markedly elevated. These observations indicate that
      altered placental metabolism of prostaglandins is an important factor in the
      pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 961741
TI  - Oral contraceptives--induced hypertension--nine years later.
AB  - Nine years have gone by since oral contraceptive hypertension was first
      recognized as a clinical entity. In that time it has become apparent that what at
      first was thought to be a rare disorder is extremely common. Indeed, overt
      hypertension develops, in time, in about 5 per cent of Pill users. Increases in
      blood pressure, albeit within the normal range, are still more common. Pill
      hypertension may develop gradually. It is sometimes quite severe, and it is
      characteristically reversible within a few months after therapy is stopped. Oral
      contraceptives produce changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,
      particularly a consistent marked increase in the plasma renin substrate
      concentration which may be associated with increases in plasma renin activity and
      aldosterone excretion. The estrogenic component of contraceptive pills appears to
      be the more important factor in producing abnormalities in the renin system. The
      mechanisms for the hypertensive response are not entirely clear since
      normotensive women using the pill may exhibit similar or even more marked changes
      in the renin axis. The pressor response could have both volume and
      vasoconstrictor components mediated by the sodium-retaining effects of the
      estrogen in the presence of a relatively, if not an absolutely, higher plasma
      renin activity, with the latter being held abnormal by the high plasma renin
      substrate levels. A failure of the kidneys to fully suppress renal renin
      secretion could thus be an important predisposing factor. Our in vitro
      experiments support the idea that the increased substrate is involved in
      pathogenesis because they indicate that in normal subjects plasma renin substrate
      is not present in "excess". Thus, a doubling of the physiologic levels of
      substrate by oral contraceptives leads to an almost twofold increase in the
      capacity for angiotensin production as indicated by studies of the initial
      reaction velocity. These observations define certain guidelines for applying oral
      contraceptive therapy. At least one base-line blood pressure measurement should
      be obtained, and blood pressure and weight should be followed a two- or three
      month intervals during treatment. Furthermore, oral contraceptive therapy may be
      contraindicated in women with a history of hypertension, renal disease, toxemia,
      or fluid retention. Others in whom oral contraceptives are relatively
      contraindicated include those with a positive family history of hypertension,
      younger women in whom a longer term commitment is likely, and groups, such as
      blacks, especially prone to hypertensive phenomena.

PMID- 961742
TI  - Systolic time intervals in normotensive and hypertensive human pregnancy.
AB  - Systolic time intervals were measured in 10 nonpregnant, 37 normotensive, and 18
      hypertensive pregnant women in both supine and lateral positions. With all the
      subjects in the supine position, left ventricular ejection time (LVET) was
      shortened; the pre-ejection period (PEP) lengthened, and the PEP/LVET ratio
      increased in normotensive late pregnancy compared with the nonpregnant state.
      Similar alterations in systolic time intervals were observed in hypertensive
      women in both early and late pregnancy in the supine position. In normotensive
      women in early pregnancy, alterations in systolic time intervals were
      inconclusive. When normotensive women in late pregnancy were turned from the
      supine into the left lateral position, a prolongation of LVET and a decrease in
      the PEP/LVET ratio were observed. When hypertensive women in late pregnancy
      adopted the left lateral position, no significant alterations in systolic time
      intervals occurred. Isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) was prolonged only in
      the hypertensive pregnant women in the supine position. The study suggests that
      left ventricular performance is diminished in normotensive women in late
      pregnancy when supine but improves when they adopt the lateral position. In
      addition, hypertensive pregnant women show evidence of diminished left
      ventricular performance which is not improved in late pregnancy by assumption of
      the left lateral position.

PMID- 961743
TI  - The relationship of hospital-acquired infection to invasive intrapartum
      monitoring techniques.
AB  - A 6 month survey of hospital-acquired uterine infection was done on the obstetric
      service of the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (LAS-USC)
      Medical Center to determine the impact of the duration of monitoring upon the
      incidence of maternal infection. There were significantly more infections among
      the population monitored and in women undergoing cesarean section. In diminishing
      order, the incidence of infection was: cesarean section monitored, 90 of 223
      (40.4 per cent); cesarean section not monitored, 56 of 271 (20.4 per cent);
      elective repeat cesarean section, 1 of 21 (5 per cent); vaginal delivery
      monitored, 33 of 1,236 (2.7 per cent); and vaginal delivery not monitored, 49 of
      3,445 (1.4 per cent). In comparing those patients with infection and those free
      of infection following equivalent routes of delivery, there was no statistical
      difference in the duration of monitoring. These results suggest that the interval
      of monitoring alone is not a significant clinical factor in the development of
      maternal soft-tissue pelvic infection in a high-risk obstetric population.

PMID- 961744
TI  - Renal clearances of estriol conjugates in normal human pregnancy at term.
AB  - In late human pregnancy more than 90 per cent of the total estriol (E3) in body
      fluids consists of four conjugates, estriol-3-sulfate (E3-3S), estriol-16
      glucosiduronate (E3-16G), estriol-3-glucuronide (E3-3G), and estriol-3-sulfate-16
      glucosiduronate (E3-3S-16G). Since the relative amounts of E3 in blood and urine
      would be determined by the kidney, the renal clearance of each conjugate was
      determined and compared with inulin and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) clearance, as
      measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the effective renal plasma flow.
      Five women were studied in the lateral decubitus position with inulin and PAH
      infusion. Samples of blood and urine were collected at 40 minute intervals and
      analyzed. The method for E3 conjugates involved separation of the four conjugates
      on Sephadex LH-20, enzyme hydrolysis, and radioimmunoassay. Renal clearances for
      E3-3S and E3-3S-16G were below inulin. E3-3G approximated inulin; E3-16G exceeded
      inulin and approached PAH. In plasma E3-3S-16G represented 48.4 +/- 7.2 per cent;
      in urine E3-16G represented 69.5 +/- 7.3 per cent of total E3. Thus, different
      conjugates predominate in blood and urine.

PMID- 961745
TI  - Neonatal respiratory distress following elective delivery. A preventable disease?
AB  - Twelve per cent of all infants with respiratory distress admitted to our neonatal
      intensive-care unit from November, 1973 to April, 1974, were born after elective
      intervention (15 cesarean sections and four vaginal inductions). All were white
      and 18/19 were private compared to yearly admissions of white (56 per cent) and
      private (57 per cent). Eighteen of 19 were admitted from the region via the
      transport service. Mean birth weight was 2.69 kilograms, with 18 infants over 2
      kilograms. Pediatric gestational age from a physical and neurological evaluation
      ranged from 32 to 39 weeks (mean 36.2 weeks) in contrast to obstetric dating
      which ranged from 38 to 44 weeks (mean 39 weeks). The obstetric dating was 3 or
      more weeks greater than the pediatric age in 11 infants. Pulmonary disease
      included transient tachypnea (5) and respiratory distress syndrome (14). No prior
      documentation of pulmonary maturity had been obtained in any of these infants.
      Mean hospitalization was 23 days (range 1 to 140), with estimated costs of $3,421
      per baby. Two infants died. Respiratory distress following elective delivery
      remains a potent source of on-going perinatal morbidity. Regional programs must
      direct increased educational efforts to eliminate this preventable disease.

PMID- 961746
TI  - The response of the human Fallopian tube to ergonovine and methyl-ergonovine in
      vivo.
AB  - Ergonovine maleate (EM) is a powerful stimulant of human tubal motility. It has
      been therefore thought that EM could interfere with normal ovum transport and
      serve as a contraceptive. The tube activating effects of EM and methyl EM were
      evaluated in 14 women and results confirmed that both are powerful stimulants of
      the human Fallopian tube. EM immediately post coitus significantly reduces the
      conception rate.

PMID- 961747
TI  - Suboptimal pregnancy outcome among women with prior abortions and premature
      births.
AB  - Data from 25,958 consecutive UCLA deliveries were analyzed to determine the
      effect of prior abortions and premature births on current pregnancy outcome.
      Perinatal death rate, combining stillbirths and neonatal deaths, increased more
      than threefold among women with at least one prior premature in birth and at
      least one prior abortion and approached 18 per cent of current deliveries when
      there were three or more prior premature births. Abnormal live births, defined as
      infants with either birth weight under 2,501 grams, gestational age less than 37
      weeks, or congenital anomalies, significantly increased as the number of prior
      abortions and premature births increased, each in a range of 0 through 3 or more.
      For example, among women with at least three prior premature births, there were
      greater than 50 per cent abnormal live births. The risk was mostly that of low
      birth weight and low gestational age, although there was a slight increase in
      congenital anomalies. The risk was reduced considerably when there were previous
      term births and was influenced variably by race, clinic classification, maternal
      illness, and prior pregnancy complications. This empirical data on pregnancy
      outcome should be useful in reproductive counseling among women with pregnancy
      losses and premature births.

PMID- 961748
TI  - Antepartum fetal heart rate and uterine activity studies: I. Preliminary report
      of accelerations and the oxytocin challenge test.
AB  - A series of 344 antepartum fetal heart rate studies in 209 high-risk patients is
      described. The importance of evaluation of accelerations of the fetal heart rate
      as well as periodic decelerations associated with uterine activity is
      demonstrated. Our data suggest that the absence of accelerations of the fetal
      heart rate during the recording period may be associated with increased perinatal
      morbidity. Late decelerations may occur in the same recording session as
      accelerations of the fetal heart rate. The association of late decelerations of
      the fetal heart rate with no accelerations during the recording session is highly
      suggestive of increased perinatal morbidity. In high-risk patients, accelerations
      of the fetal heart rate and no late decelerations with uterine activity are a
      reassuring finding, with 91 per cent of patients showing no increased perinatal
      morbidity.

PMID- 961749
TI  - Colonic pseudo-obstruction following termination of pregnancy and uterine
      operation.
AB  - Colonic pseudo-obstruction refers to a condition in which physical and radiologic
      findings identical to those associated with mechanical obstruction of the large
      bowel are found but in which no organic cause of the colonic distention is
      present. Cases of this condition have been reported in the world literature, of
      which 40 per cent have followed the termination of pregnancy or uterine
      operation. Three cases of this syndrome are presented. One followed normal
      vaginal delivery; one followed cesarean section, and the third followed elective
      abdominal hysterectomy. The literature on the subject is reviewed, and a possible
      anatomicophysiologic explanation, based upon a sympathetic-parasympathetic
      neurostimulatory imbalance, is put forward.

PMID- 961750
TI  - Classification of human fetal movement.
AB  - A study of fetal activity was undertaken as the first step in a series of
      physiologic fetal movement studies. A simple, safe, noninvasive, clinically
      applicable method for studying fetal movement with a tocodynamometer is
      described. Four basic types of fetal movement have been seen and defined in terms
      of their durations, recorded patterns, and descriptive terminologies for
      identifying each movement.

PMID- 961751
TI  - Reported live births following induced abortion: two and one-half years'
      experience in Upstate New York.
AB  - Thirty-eight live births following induced abortion were recorded in Upstate New
      York between July, 1970, and December, 1972. Twenty-six followed saline-induced
      abortion; twelve of these occurred at one hospital, and eight were associated
      with one physician. Underestimation of gestation and exchange of inadequate
      volumes of amniotic fluid and hypertonic saline produced concentrations
      insufficient to cause intrauterine death. Viable infants with iatrogenic central
      nervous system damage from salt poisoning are a possible consequence of
      improperly planned saline-induced abortions. These births provide further
      evidence for encouragement of contraception and early termination of unwanted
      pregnancy.

PMID- 961752
TI  - Ovarian morphology in women with anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
AB  - Ovarian biopsies from five women with the syndrome of hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism and anosmia who had not previously received exogenous gonadotropins
      were evaluated with special emphasis on follicular morphology. Follicular
      development past the primordial stage was rarely observed, suggesting that early
      stages of follicular maturation require amounts of gonadotropins in excess of
      those secreted in these women.

PMID- 961753
TI  - Excision of submucus fibroids with hysteroscopic control.
AB  - Hysteroscopy offers a new option in the diagnosis and management of submucus
      fibroids. The hysteroscopic excision of submucus fibroids in five cases is
      described. The problems and potentials of this approach are discussed.

PMID- 961754
TI  - Rational management of perinatal hydrocephalus.
AB  - Hydrocephalus of prenatal origin, which may be hereditary, is likely to be
      discovered more frequently and earlier in gestation with ultrasonic diagnosis. It
      is suggested that each case be analyzed according to a protocol which includes a
      full obstetric evaluation, complete genetic pedigree, determination of familial
      cranial size, and complete neuropathologic study. Destruction of the aqueductal
      area may deprive the investigator of much of the information needed for the
      thorough study of the case which is vital to counsel the parents concerning
      future pregnancies.

PMID- 961755
TI  - Choice of an oral contraceptive.

PMID- 961756
TI  - The effect of L-dopa and chlorpromazine on prolactin and growth hormone secretion
      in normal women.
AB  - The time course of simultaneous changes in prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone
      secretion in response to a single dose of L-dopa and chlorpromazine was
      determined in normal women. L-Dopa induced greater, but shorter (30 minutes),
      growth hormone release than concomitant suppression of PRL secretion. The PRL
      peak following chlorpromazine occurred at the same time as the nadir of PRL after
      L-dopa (3.5 hours). The quantity of PRL release inhibited by L-dopa equaled the
      amount of PRL secretion during the period of rebound, suggesting L-dopa inhibits
      PRL release, but not synthesis, by the pituitary.

PMID- 961757
TI  - Vasomotor symptoms, serum estrogens, and gonadotropin levels in surgical
      menopause.
AB  - Hormonal parameters of young women who developed vasomotor symptoms in the
      immediate postoperative period following castration are compared to those who
      remained asymptomatic. Only 37.5 per cent of 16 premenopausal women developed
      "hot flushes" after operation. Perimenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms and
      elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels demonstrated normal luteinizing
      hormone and estrogen values preoperatively. There were no statistically
      significant differences in total serum estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone, or
      luteinizing hormone concentrations between the group of patients with symptoms
      and the group withoyt symptoms. The results of the study indicate that rising
      gonadotropin or declining estrogen values appear to have no direct correlation to
      the onset of vasomotor symptoms in the immediate postoperative period. Thus, the
      precise etiology of the "hot flush" remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 961758
TI  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of vaginal adenosis and
      the cervical transformation zone in progeny exposed in utero to
      diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - Much attention has recently been focused on vaginal adenosis and other cervical
      and vaginal alterations occurring in female offspring exposed to
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero. These alterations consist of heterotopic
      glandular epithelium in the vagina, a characteristic cervical transformation
      zone, and the frequent presence of a cervical collar, or hood. It is believed
      that these changes occur during embryonic differentiation of the lower genital
      tract following failure of squamous epithelium to migrate in a cephalad direction
      to replace columnar epithelium which normally lines the vagina and ectocervix. A
      number of cases clear-cell carcinoma have occurred in DES-exposed girls who also
      had adenosis. In an attempt to characterize the cellular populations of these
      areas of adenosis, we have made an ultrastructural study which is herein
      reported.

PMID- 961759
TI  - Response of human uterine arteries to local anesthetics.
AB  - The in vitro effects of local anesthetics and norepinephrine upon strips of early
      gestation and term pregnancy uterine arteries were studied in eight cases. In
      another case, the effect upon uterine veins was studied with a standard organ
      bath used to record isometric contractions. Histologic preparations were made to
      verify the type of vessel studied. An artery obtained from an eight-week
      gestation did not respond to either lidocaine or mepivacaine. All other arterial
      specimens (radial and helicoidal strips) responded with slow, rising, strong
      contractions to diluted concentrations of both of these substances. Likewise they
      responded with rapid contractions when exposed to norepinephrine. Alpha blockers
      were unable to prevent the contractions triggered by the local anesthetics. The
      vein specimens did not respond to local anesthetics but contracted when
      stimulated by norepinephrine. Based on these observations and after brief review
      of some hypotheses advanced to explain post-paracervical anesthesia fetal
      bradycardia, it is postulated that this bradycardia is probably due to uterine
      artery spasm, causing decreased intervillous space blood flow and fetal hypoxia.

PMID- 961760
TI  - Reduction of the stretch modulus of human cervical tissue by prostaglandin E2.
AB  - Samples of cervical tissue were obtained from women immediately following term
      delivery from spontaneous labor or oral PGE2-induced labor and from a small
      nunber of nonpregnant women in the reproductive years undergoing hysterectomy for
      benign gynecologic disease. The measured strips were placed in a well-oxygenated
      bath at 37 degrees C. containing Ringer's solution and stretched at a constant
      rate while continuously recording length and tension. The data were converted to
      stress-strain diagrams. Each curve contained a long linear portion which allowed
      one to compute a stretch modulus for each sample. A total of 71 strips from 23
      patients was used. The average stretch modulus from the oral PGE2-induced
      patients was significantly lower than the spontaneous labor group (p less than
      0.005), which, in turn, was significantly lower than the stretch modulus of the
      nonpregnant cervical tissue. It was also noted that the yield point was lower in
      the PGE2 series when compared to the spontaneous labor series (p less than 0.05).
      The effect of the PGE2 at a bath concentration of 10(-5) to 10(-6)Gm. per cubic
      centimeter was to materially reduce the stretch modulus within 5 to 15 minutes of
      the drug addition in both the PGE2-induced and spontaneous labor series. The
      results of these experiments indicate that PGE2 has the effect of reducing
      cervial stiffness.

PMID- 961761
TI  - Spontaneous contractility and the response of the human uterine cervix to
      prostaglandins F2alpha and E2 during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha on the contractility of the uterine
      cervix was investigated in nonpregnant women throughout the menstrual cycle.
      PGF2alpha was found stimulatory to the cervix at all phases of the menstrual
      cycle, whereas PGE2 was inhibitory. The relaxing effect of PGE2 was most marked
      during midcycle.

PMID- 961762
TI  - Abnormal adolescent primiparous pregnancy: association of race, human chorionic
      somatomammotropin production, and smoking.
AB  - Abnormal pregnancies (33 per cent) were studied in 417 consecutive, unmarried,
      primiparous women, age 12 to 18 years (black, 54 per cent; white, 46 per cent).
      Black patients had no increase in abnormal pregnancies but had more infants
      weighting less than 2,500 grams (p less than 0.01). Black patients with pre
      eclampsia gained less weight than white patients (24 versus 34 pounds, p less
      than 0.05) and had smaller infants (2,834 versus 3,316 grams). In white patients,
      the mean age at menarche was earlier in women who lost their infants (11.0 versus
      12.7 years; p less than 0.01). Smoking was more prevalent in normal pregnancies
      (47 per cent) than abnormal pregnancies (38 per cent). Spontaneous abortion and
      fetal loss occurred more often in smokers (p less than 0.01). White women smoked
      more than blacks (60 versus 37 per cent). In mothers of infants weighting less
      than 2,500 grams, there were fewer smokers. Unexpectedly, smokers had less
      hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Human chorionic somatomammotropin values
      correlated with infant size. Levels of less than 4 mug per milliliter after 30
      weeks' gestation were identical in normal and abnormal pregnancies (4.4 per
      cent). They were associated with small infants but no fetal deaths and did not
      predict outcome of pregnancy.

PMID- 961763
TI  - Measurement of the pre-ejection period during labor with the use of arterial
      pulse time.
AB  - A new fetal parameter, the arterial pulse time, is described. It is the time from
      the onset of the fetal electrocardiographic recording to the arrival of the
      arterial pulse wave recorded at the fetal head. Since arterial pulse time differs
      from the pre-ejection period by only an apparently constant value, it is proposed
      as a potential method for obtaining the pre-ejection period during labor.

PMID- 961764
TI  - Observations on maternal oxytocin release during human labor and the effect of
      intravenous alcohol administration.
AB  - Serial blood samples were obtained from 97 women in spontaneous labor, and
      oxytocin levels were determined by a sensitive and highly specific
      radioimmunoassay. The following observations were made: (1) The hormone is
      released in a series of "spurts"; (2) the peak levels achieved are usually 2 to 5
      muU per milliliter and never exceed 12.5 muU per milliliter; (3) the frequency of
      spurt release increases as labor progresses, reaching a maximum in the second
      stage; (4) the frequency of spurt release is reduced during intravenous infusion
      of alcohol at levels which produce no obvious effect on uterine activity.

PMID- 961765
TI  - Needle puncture of fetus: a complication of second-trimester amniocentesis.
AB  - Needle puncture of the fetus has rarely been reported with midtrimester
      amniocentesis. This paper contains the report of five cases of needle scars in
      infants born after second-trimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of fetal
      genetic disorders. Since this complication may be more frequent than has been
      previously believed, there is the possibility that damage to the fetus may occur.
      It is suggested that the products of all abortions and all live-born and
      stillborn infants delivered following amniocentesis should be examined for
      evidence of injury.

PMID- 961766
TI  - In vitro perfusion of human placenta. V. Oxygen consumption.
AB  - 02 consumption by human term placenta has been measured during perfusion in
      vitro, with a technique that permits perfusion of the intervillous space as well
      as the umbilical circulation. The rate at which 02 was consumed was directly
      related to the rate at which it was supplied, within the limits studied. Previous
      estimates of 02 consumption yielded figures approximating 3 ml. per minute per
      kilogram of placenta, but these estimates were attained under conditions of
      limited oxygen supply. When oxygen was delivered to the placenta at rates
      believed to be those achieved in vivo, oxygen consumption approximated 10 ml. per
      minute per kilogram. This rate of 02 consumption is similar to those obtained
      from studies of animal placentas in vivo and is more consistent with that of an
      active metabolic organ. If one were to accept estimates of 02 consumption by the
      human fetus in utero, the present studies indicate that approximately one fifth
      of maternal oxygen supplied to the conceptus is diverted to support placental
      metabolism.

PMID- 961767
TI  - The significance of fetal electrocardiography in the diagnosis of intrauterine
      bradyarrhythmia.
AB  - From 11 cases of fetal bradycardia diagnosed by monitoring of 130 fetal
      electrocardiograms (ECG's) in high-risk pregnancies we have presented our
      experience in three selected cases of fetal bradyarrthythmia. Case 1 revealed on
      ECG blocked atrial premature beats simulating an extreme sinus bradycardia
      sequentially followed by conducted atrial premature beats. In case 2 we diagnosed
      ventricular premature beats in the form of persistent bigeminy which was
      controlled by intravenous propranolol. The last case illustrated the phenomenon
      of aberrant ventricular conduction known to occur in adult cardiology. The
      electrophysiologic basis of the variable arrhythmias was discussed. Detailed
      analysis of repeated direct fetal ECG's provided us with the diagnosis and
      understanding of the electrophysiologic mechanisms underlying the rhythm
      disturbances. This consequently determined the pharmacologic therapy and the
      obstetric approach relevant to each case. We have shown that by direct fetal
      electrocardiography it is possible to analyze accurately the rhythm disturbances.
      Persistent fetal bradycardia does not always signify fetal distress. We hope that
      this will lead to closer teamwork between the obstetrician and the cardiologist
      which will give an impetus to the future development of "fetal cardiology,"
      thereby enhancing our understanding of the electrophysiology of the fetal heart.

PMID- 961768
TI  - Moderate fetal bradycardia.
AB  - Fetal heart rates in the range of 100 to 119 beats per minute have been defined
      as moderate bradycardia. Twenty-five of 1,386 patients monitored during a 1 year
      period have manifested persistent moderate bradycardia. Moderate bradycardia is
      apparently related to fetal head compression, often in situations of relative
      cephalopelvic disproportion. It is alleviated by rotation of the vertex and does
      not appear to adversely affect the newborn infant.

PMID- 961769
TI  - Pelvic inflammatory pseudotumor: a case report.

PMID- 961770
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis by fetoscopy with subsequent normal delivery: report of a
      case.

PMID- 961771
TI  - Ultrasonic measurement of cervical dilatation during labor.

PMID- 961772
TI  - Antepartum detection of congenital complete fetal heart block: a case report.

PMID- 961773
TI  - Rectouterine fistula associated with the Cu-7 intrauterine contraceptive device.

PMID- 961774
TI  - Ultrasound localization of laminaria.

PMID- 961775
TI  - Correspondence: Diazoxide in treatment of severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive
      encephalopathy.

PMID- 961776
TI  - Letter: Sudden fetal death during monitored labor.

PMID- 961777
TI  - Letter: Sterilization guidelines.

PMID- 961778
TI  - Human uterine artery responses to lidocaine.
AB  - Uterine arteries from pregnant and nonpregnant patients were studied to define
      their responses to lidocaine. Although local anesthetics usually are considered
      vasodilators, these data indicate that the human uterine artery constricts when
      exposed to 1,000 mug of lidocaine in vitro. Furthermore, those arteries from
      pregnant patients exhibited significantly greater responses than did those from
      nonpregnant patients.

PMID- 961779
TI  - Repeat aborters.
AB  - In an attempt to learn more about the phenomenon of repeat abortions, 116 women
      seeking a repeat abortion were compared in various ways with three groups of
      women not seeking a repeat abortion but otherwise similar. From this study it is
      apparent that postabortion women become, over time, less persistent users of
      contraception than sexually active nonpregnant women. However, they are more
      likely to use contraception continually than are women seeking a first abortion.
      The abortion experience, with or without concurrent family-planning guidance,
      does not create universally sufficient long-lasting motivation to use of
      contraception. Some other factors which might contribute to this motivation are
      presented.

PMID- 961780
TI  - Fetal immune response following prematurely ruptured membranes.
AB  - Concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig)A1, and IgA2, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM have
      been determined in cord blood, amniotic fluid, and maternal serum in a group of
      patients with a history of prematurely ruptured membranes (PRM) prior to the
      onset of labor and in a control group of patients undergoing normal delivery and
      without a history of infection during pregnancy. IgA and IgD were determined by
      sensitive hemagglutination-inhibition tests; IgG and IgM, by radial
      immunodiffusion; IgE, by a radioimmunoassay. There was evidence for an immune
      response in 10 of 16 cases of PRM: five of 16 had increased IgA but normal IgM;
      three of 16 had increased IgA and IgM; two of 16 had high IgM and normal IgA in
      cord blood. In patients with significantly increased levels of either IgA or IgM
      or both, there was a decreased level of IgD. These changes are most likely the
      result of the immune response to ascending infection from the maternal genitals.
      The sensitive testing method employed could demonstrate the presence of IgD in 53
      per cent of normal cord blood samples and 72 per cent of amniotic fluid samples
      obtained at term. IgE was found in all normal cord blood and amniotic fluid
      samples tested. By concentrating the amniotic fluid up to 180-fold, IgM was
      demonstrated in all normal samples tested. The potential importance of IgA
      determinations in cord blood in addition to IgM determination for detection of
      intrauterine infections is stressed.

PMID- 961781
TI  - Abnormality in metabolism of 15N-labeled nitrate in toxemia.
AB  - The urinary excretion of 15N-labeled ammonium nitrate was studied during the last
      few weeks in patients with normal pregnancy and in those with toxemia. Marked
      diminution of the 15N label was found consistently in patients with toxemia in
      the urinary fraction consisting of nitrogenous compounds other than urea and
      ammonia. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.

PMID- 961782
TI  - Effect of ritodrine infusion on uterine and umbilical blood flow in pregnant
      sheep.
AB  - The effect of ritodrine upon uterine artery blood flow (UtBF) and umbilical vein
      blood flow (UmBF) was investigated in near-term chronic sheep preparations.
      During intravenous ritodrine infusions to the ewe in sequential dose rates from
      100 to 800 mug per minute, UtBF fell progressively to 43 per cent below control
      levels and mean maternal arterial pressure (MMAP) declined 20 per cent. During
      constant infusions of 100, 400, or 800 mug per minute of ritodrine to the ewe for
      120 minutes,, UtBF decreased 10, 37, and 31 per cent, respectively, and MMAP
      decreased 6, 20 and 25 per cent respectively. Dose-related maternal tachycardia
      and hyperglycemia occurred. There were no significant changes in UmBF, mean fetal
      arterial pressure, or fetal heart rate. During all infusions, maternal and fetal
      arterial pH, PCO2, and PO2 remained within normal physiologic limits.
      Simultaneous infusion of ritodrine (400 mug per minute) and propranolol (100 mug
      per minute) blocked the maternal tachycardia, but decreases in UtBF, MMAP, and
      UmBF were observed. Ritodrine infusions to the fetus (25 mug per minute) resulted
      in fetal tachycardia and a variable increase in UmBF.

PMID- 961783
TI  - Placental cultures for cytogenetic assessment in saline-aborted fetuses.
AB  - Confirmation of cytogenetically abnormal fetuses following saline abortion has
      been shown to be possible with the placenta as the source of viable fetal cells.
      The method is described in detail. In one third of cultures, only female cells
      were present. Differentiation between maternal and female fetal tissue when no
      numerical or structural cytogenetic disorder is present requires detailed
      analysis of fluorescently stained chromosomes for polymorphisms.

PMID- 961784
TI  - Incorporation of 14C-1-palmitate into rabbit fetal lipids in vivo.
AB  - 14C-1-palmitate was injected into rabbit fetuses in utero. Fetal liver, blood,
      carcass, and placenta collected after 15, 60, 180, and 360 minutes were analyzed
      for radioactivity in lipid classes. Incorporation differed with tissue and lipid.
      Highest total early specific activity was detected in plasma but later liver
      displayed the most extensive incorporation. Phospholipid incorporation was more
      rapid in all tissues than that of other glycerides. Plasma triglycerides did not
      display any radioactivity for 3 hours. Results point to multicentric origin of
      plasma lipids. Ready utilization of the palmitate indicates that maternal fatty
      acid transfer plays an important role in fetal lipid hemeostasis.

PMID- 961785
TI  - Fallopian tube and ovarian hydrocarbons.
AB  - Hydrocarbons of the human ovary and Fallopian tube have been studied by
      temperature-programmed gas chromatography. The major compounds present are a
      series of n-alkanes (C16 to C40), with the addition of iso and anteiso
      hydrocarbons. The human ovary and Fallopian tube hydrocarbons did not show
      significant changes during the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 961786
TI  - Progestational activity of danazol in the human female subject.
AB  - A progestational action of Danazol has not been reported in the human subject.
      Danazol administration for 1 month suppressed serum FSH and estradiol values, and
      the midcycle LH surge; ovulation promptly resumed after treatment. Administration
      to patients with polycystic ovarian disease resulted in increased LH values,
      elevated basal temperature, secretory findings in the endometrial biopsy, and
      menses. Ovarian biopsy did not document corpus luteum formation, and plasma
      progesterone did not rise. Administration of Danazol to an ovariectomized
      patients pretreated with estrogen resulted in an atypical endometrial secretory
      change. Clinical responses to Danazol may in part be explained by a
      progestational-like effect of the drug.

PMID- 961787
TI  - The late stage of serpiginous (geographic) choroiditis.
AB  - Serpiginous and geographic choroiditis, one and the same disease, is
      characterized by episodic involvement of the pigment epithelium and choroid. Each
      new lesion passes through an acute phase into an atrophic and scarring one. We
      observed 20 patients, some with long-term follow-up; some had eventual widespread
      involvement of both posterior poles. There was no basis for the disease, and
      treatment did not affect its course. In the patients with long-term disease there
      was widespread atrophy of the choroid and pigment epithelium and variable amounts
      of pigment clumping and subretinal fibrous tissue deposition. In nine patients
      discrete peripheral patches of atrophy were also found. In some eyes the atrophy
      at the posterior pole had become so confluent that the condition could have been
      mistaken superficially for a primary choroidal dystrophy. The uninvolved areas
      appeared to be normal. The electroretinogram and electrooculogram were only
      affected when extensive disease was present.

PMID- 961788
TI  - External buckling without drainage for selected detachments in aphakic eyes.
AB  - Of 325 patients with retinal detachments, 110 patients (34%) had aphakic eyes.
      These detachments were subdivided into three types based on their clinical
      appearance during indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Fifty-two
      patients (47%) had aphakic detachments (Type 3), categorized by small tears due
      to traction along a prominent posterior or vitreous base and the absence of
      visible retinal degeneration. Fifty of the 52 patients in this group were
      operated on by using a modification of the nondrainage procedure developed by
      Custodis, and employing cryosurgical coagulation and an external encircling
      buckle using a 3-mm silicone sponge. The sponge was secured beneath the retinal
      tear, and its length was shortened to produce a moderately elevated buckle.
      Although 50% of retinal tears were open at the end of the operation, 60% of all
      eyes operated on without drainage reattached in 16 hours, 90% in one week, and
      the remainder in two weeks. Visual acuity of 70% of these patients was 6/15
      (20/50) or better when tested six months after surgery. The operation did not
      wall away peripheral fluid, but closed retinal tears completely, reduced
      circumferential vitreous traction, and avoided drainage of subretinal fluid.

PMID- 961789
TI  - Melanocytic lesions of the eyelid skin.
AB  - We described the three histogenetic forms of cutaneous melanoma--lentigo maligna
      melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, and nodular melanoma. The first two
      forms have a flat spreading component or radial growth phase in the epithelium as
      well as in the invasive or vertical growth phase. Formerly these two lesions may
      have been confused with one another. Nodular melanoma has only the vertical
      growth phase. Examples of lentigo maligna melanoma and superficial spreading
      melanoma were found in eyelid lesions involving both the skin and conjunctiva.
      The distinctive histopathology of the cutaneous lesion was retained in the
      conjunctiva.

PMID- 961790
TI  - Malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva.
AB  - A retrospective study of 23 conjunctival melanomas using the Clark classification
      revealed that the three most common forms of melanoma described in the skin-
      lentigo maligna melanoma (Hutchinson's freckle with melanoma), superficial
      spreading melanoma, and nodular melanoma--can be recognized in the conjunctiva.
      As in the skin, lentigo maligna melanoma appears to be associated with a good
      prognosis compared to the prognosis associated with superficial spreading
      melanoma. These two forms of melanoma are both associated with an intraepithelial
      stage and had previously been grouped under one designate, cancerous melanosis.
      They can be distinguished histologically although definite clinical
      differentiation will be determined in the future. Some melanomas with an
      intraepithelial stage, however, cannot be definitely classified. Relating all
      conjunctival cancerous melanoses to Hutchinson's melanotic freckle is no longer
      justified.

PMID- 961791
TI  - A histologic study of calcific and noncalcific band keratopathies.
AB  - One hundred five cases previously diagnosed as band keratopathy were reexamined.
      We found that band keratopathy was calcific noncalcific, or mixture of both. The
      noncalcific band was identified as elastotic degeneration of collagen, known
      clinically by various alternate terms. Cases of so-called reduplication of
      Bowman's membrane were reexamined, and many demonstrated production of a thick
      basement membrane of the corneal epithelium, with or without massive
      calcification. Identification of calcific-band keratopathy was made by
      transmission electron microscopy even when the tissue had been previously
      decalcified.

PMID- 961792
TI  - Histologic studies of the vasculature of the anterior optic nerve.
AB  - Thirty-one normal human anterior optic nerves were studied in thin serial
      sections and their vessels stained by standard histologic stains and a new
      modification of the silver reticulin stain. The retrolaminar cribrosa was
      profusely supplied by centripetal and longitudinal vessels of pial origin; small
      branches of the central retinal artery were also seen. Longitudinal continuity of
      small vessels extended from the retrolaminar nerve to the retinal surface. This
      system freely anastomosed with three transverse systems; a significant anteriolar
      input from short posterior ciliary arteries in the sclera to the lamina cribrosa;
      smaller short posterior ciliary branches and occasional choroidal capillaries to
      the prelaminar portion; and branches derived from the central retinal artery in
      and around the disk. Vessels entering the prelaminar region at the level of the
      choroid were mainly derived from scleral branches of short posterior ciliary
      vessels entering through the border tissue of Elschnig, rather than from
      choroidal branches of ciliary arteries. Venous drainage for the anterior optic
      nerve was primarily through the central retinal vein, although alternate smaller
      paths to surrounding tissues were also identified.

PMID- 961793
TI  - Electron microscopic study of human papilledema.
AB  - Papilledema associated with neoplastic invasion of the orbit in the optic disks
      of two patients was found and examined by light and electron microscopy.
      Pathologic changes in the optic nerve head and nerve included axonal degeneration
      and mild interstitial edema. Axonal swelling appeared to be the major factor in
      the overall increase in tissue volume of the optic nerve head. Vascular and
      perivascular glial alterations were nonspecific.

PMID- 961794
TI  - Xerophthalmia and anterior segment blindness.
AB  - The prevalence of presumed vitamin A-related corneal scars among 5,589 preschool
      age Haitian children ranged from 1.2 per 1,000 in the south, to almost 1% in the
      famine-afflicted north. These scars accounted for at least 45% of all corneal
      scars, and all bilateral corneal blindness encountered. Most lesions were
      acquired during the first three years of life. There was no variation by sex or
      ecology of the sample site. This country of 5.5 million inhabitants acquires 345
      new surviving cases of vitamin A-related corneal destruction, over one fourth
      bilaterally blind, each year, although local ophthalmologists rarely encounter
      the disease and Bitot's spots were absent from our study population. Countrywide
      clinical prevalence surveys are the only unbiased means of determining the
      magnitude, severity, and geographic distribution of vitamin A-related corneal
      destruction, prerequisites for the design of public health prevention programs.

PMID- 961795
TI  - Thermokeratoplasty for keratoconus.
AB  - Thermokeratoplasty for keratoconus was performed in 29 eyes with follow-up
      periods ranging from less than four months to 24 months. Twelve patients obtained
      visual acuity better than 6/12 (20/40). Five patients required corneal
      transplantation.

PMID- 961796
TI  - Ultrastructure of keratoconus with healed hydrops.
AB  - The corneas of three patients with keratoconus were examined by light and
      electron microscopy within approximately four months after onset of severe
      hydrops. The rupture and detachment of Descemet's membrane resulted in formation
      of extensive ledges. New endothelium completely resurfaced the exposed posterior
      stroma and the corresponding anterior aspect of the ledges. The endothelium also
      regenerated considerable basement membrane. In one case, clustered endothelium
      near the free end of the ledge appeared to have undergone fibrous metaplasia with
      secretion of extensive fibrillar and basement membrane material.

PMID- 961797
TI  - Ocular findings in mannosidosis.
AB  - Three patients with typical features of mannosidosis and deficiency of alpha
      mannosidase activity, who were examined ophthalmologically, had similar
      lenticular opacities. Corneal opacities were absent. Chamber angle and striking
      ophthalmoscopic anomalies occurred in two young patients who had normal
      electroretinograms. Two patients had strabismus. Conjunctival biopsy specimens
      morphologically confirmed the lysosomal nature of this disorder.

PMID- 961798
TI  - Clinical and ultrastructural ocular histopathologic studies of adult-onset
      metachromatic leukodystrophy.
AB  - A twin brother and sister with adult-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy developed
      progressive central acuity loss and optic disk pallor. Both had normal
      electroretinograms and fluorescein angiography. Postmortem examination of the
      sister's eyes by histochemistry and electron microscopy revealed ganglion cell
      loss and optic atrophy. Cerebroside sulfate had accumulated in optic nerve glial
      cells. Optic atrophy was more advanced than in previously reported cases of
      infantile-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy. The pathologic process seemed to be
      retrograde optic nerve degeneration due to abnormal myelin metabolism.

PMID- 961799
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy with disease of the eye and optic nerve.
AB  - Adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-chromosome-linked recessive disease characterized by
      primary atrophy of the adrenal glands with or without Addison's disease and low
      plasma cortisol levels, and a degeneration of white matter of the central nervous
      system with blindness. In suspected cases of adrenoleukodystrophy an impaired
      rise in plasma cortisol levels after adrenocorticotrophin stimulation may be
      diagnostic. With the electron microscope, pathognomonic intracytoplasmic lamellar
      inclusions have been seen in adrenal cortical cells, peripheral nerve Schwann's
      cells, testicular interstitial cells, and in macrophages of the brain.
      Adrenoleukodystrophy appears to be a genetically determined lipid storage disease
      with an error in membrane sterol metabolism. A 10-year-old boy with
      adrenoleukodystrophy had visual loss, a prominent early symptom. The ocular
      abnormality consisted of a disproportionate loss of nerve fibers from the macular
      region. No intracytoplasmic lamellar inclusions were identified in cells
      representing macrophages within the optic nerve. They contained myelin debris
      suggestive of end-stage disease.

PMID- 961800
TI  - Plasma cell infiltration of the conjunctiva associated with pancytopenia,
      dermatitis, and polyclonal gammopathy.
AB  - A 73-year-old man developed conjunctivitis, epiphora, pancytopenia, dermatitis,
      and a polyclonal gammopathy. Diffuse infiltration and thickening of the
      conjunctiva and lacrimal canaliculi by plasma cells was present. Histopathologic
      examination suggested a reactive, chronic inflammatory response rather than
      neoplasia. The patient's ocular manifestations appeared to be related to his
      pancytopenia, dermatitis, and polyclonal gammopathy.

PMID- 961801
TI  - Increased intraocular pressure induced by corticosteroids.
AB  - Twelve patients who were highly responsive to topically administered
      betamethasone were subjected to various corticosteroid preparations (four times
      daily for four weeks). Each patient was tested in the same eye with
      fluorometholone, tetrahydrotriamcinolone, medrysone, and betamethasone and the
      potential to elvate intraocular pressure was determined. The response of
      intraocular pressure to all the corticosteroids was dose-related and a highly
      significant correlation was demonstrated between the concentration of
      betamethasone and the magnitude of intraocular pressure response. The order of
      potential of corticosteroids to elevate IOP was betamethasone 0.1%, betamethasone
      0.05%, tetrahydrotriamcinolone 1.25%, betamethasone 0.02%, fluorometholone 0.1%,
      medrysone 1.0%, and betamethasone 0.01%. Tetrahydrotriamcinolone 0.25% and
      fluorometholone 0.05 and 0.01% failed to elevate intraocular pressure
      significantly.

PMID- 961802
TI  - Plasma cortisol suppression test used to predict the development of primary open
      angle glaucoma.
AB  - Forty patients classified as high responders (GG) to dexamethasone testing
      (intraocular pressure greater than 31 mm Hg) without visual field loss were
      subjected to plasma cortisol suppression testing. After a five-year follow-up
      adequate data were available on 35 patients. Eighteen responded to 1.0 mg of
      dexamethasone-diphenylhydantoin suppression testing in a similar fashion to
      patients with primary open-angle glaucoma while 17 responded in a similar fashion
      to subjects classified as low (NN, intraocular pressure less than 20 mm Hg) and
      intermediate (NG, intraocular pressure 20 to 31 mm Hg) responders to
      dexamethasone testing. Eight of the 35 patients developed glaucomatous visual
      field loss during the follow-up period. These eight patients were not more
      sensitive to suppression of plasma cortisol than the 27 patients maintaining
      normal visual fields. Thus, plasma cortisol suppression testing failed to predict
      the development of primary open-angle glaucoma in GG responders.

PMID- 961803
TI  - Congenital homonymous hemianopia.
AB  - We reviewed eight cases of congenital homonymous hemianopia to emphasize the
      features that may help the clinician to diagnose a congenital disease. The
      patients were usually unaware of the visual field defect. The hemianopia was
      usually congruous when incomplete and the opticokinetic nystagmus had a normal
      pattern. Associated congenital ocular and neurologic abnormalities were common.
      Clinically recognizable atrophy or hypoplasia of the optic disk was found in all
      but one of the patients. There was often a history of neonatal or gestational
      difficulties followed by emotional, behavioral, and learning problems without
      mental retardation.

PMID- 961804
TI  - An accidental tarsorrhaphy caused by acrylic adhesive.
AB  - A 10-year old boy accidently splashed acrylic adhesive in his left eye. I
      separated the eyelids by cutting adherent eyelashes with the use of a
      biomicroscope for magnification illumination. Tests with rabbits demonstrated
      that the solvent nitromethane dissolved the adhesions but diluted the glue and
      led to adhesions between the tarsal portion of the eyelid and the cornea. I used
      acrylic adhesions successfully for a temporary relief of irritation in a patient
      with Bell's palsy.

PMID- 961805
TI  - Irrigating intraocular lens implanting forceps with capsular blower.

PMID- 961806
TI  - Marcus gunn (jaw-winking) syndrome.
AB  - Association of Marcus Gunn (jaw-winking) syndrome with ipsilateral familial cleft
      lip occurred in a 17-year-old white boy. He had anisometropia and esotropia with
      amblyopia of the involved eye. Jaw-winking and blepharoptosis improved to a
      cosmetically acceptable extent as the child grew older.

PMID- 961807
TI  - Editiorial: Vasculature of the anterior optic nerve.

PMID- 961808
TI  - Occupational therapy. Research seminar.

PMID- 961809
TI  - Performance in occupational therapy as a predictor of successful prevocational
      training.
AB  - Scores on three subtests of the Minnesota Follow-up Scale (MFS) were related to
      client outcomes in a prevocational training program in a study of 26 clients who
      were referred from an adult psychiatric day treatment unit. The results of the
      study agreed with a prediction that successful performance in occupational
      therapy in the day treatment unit, as measured by subtest 1, would be
      significantly related to successful client outcomes. the results regarding
      predictions for two other subtests were less conclusive because clients received
      high scores. Age and sex distributions showed that the younger male clients were
      most likely to be referred for prevocational training. The staff of the
      prevocational training program accepted the results of the study and also agreed
      that performance in occupational therapy (in the day treatment unit) should
      receive greater recognition by staff members as an important indicator of work
      potential when evaluating clients for referral to a vocational training program.
      It is planned to continue the use of the MFS in the day treatment unit as an aid
      for evaluating clients for referral purposes. Scores will continue to be related
      to client outcomes in the prevocational training program. Further study is also
      planned concerning the relationship of age and sex and sources to which clients
      are discharged or referred from the day treatment unit.

PMID- 961810
TI  - Modification of the employment handicaps of psychiatric patients by behavioral
      methods.

PMID- 961811
TI  - Behavior modification: a perspective.
AB  - Behavior modification is an approach for changing behavior based on a preliminary
      study of the individual. Behavior change is attempted once the individual's
      learning characteristics and the identification of the optimal learning
      conditions for the learner have been analyzed. The ability to analyze
      systematically and to develop behavior-environment relationships also brings a
      responsibility to the user to understand and master the principles and procedures
      of behavior modification. This article basically ignores the issue of selecting
      broad treatment goals and the authority of clinicians or teachers to work
      actively toward achieving these goals. The principal focus is to provide a
      perspective on the evaluation and use of behavior modification programs based on
      their conceptual and procedural foundations. Criticisms and the misuse of
      behavior modification programs are included as well as a set of guidelines for
      evaluating and developing effective ones.

PMID- 961812
TI  - Relationships between perceptual responses and accident patterns in children: a
      pilot study.
AB  - Many studies have been done to define factors related to accident tendencies in
      children, but few related these tendencies to developmental lags in visual
      perception. This pilot study explored the possibility that such a relationship
      exists. Twelve Caucasian females from similar socioeconomic backgrounds and age
      ranges were administered the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception.
      Performance on the perceptual test was compared to accident frequency levels for
      each child to determine whether or not a correlation between visual perceptual
      performance and accident frequency existed. Although statistically significant
      results were not obtained, the need for more definite research related to spatial
      relations, position in space, and figure ground perception was demonstrated.

PMID- 961813
TI  - A versatile wheelchair armrest attachment.

PMID- 961814
TI  - Syringe gauge.

PMID- 961815
TI  - A simple headstick for cerebral-palsied children.

PMID- 961816
TI  - Occupational therapy. Research seminar.

PMID- 961817
TI  - Additivity of effects within sectors of the sensitization zone of the Westheimer
      function.
AB  - In this paper, the fourth in a new series, we have examined the properties
      associated with illuminated sectors of the annular "sensitization" zone of the
      psychophysical Westheimer function. The results for one-, two-, and four-sector
      annular background fields indicate simple additivity of effects within the
      sensitization region when the flashing test field was set substantially above its
      increment threshold. Under such conditions effects of pattern orientation and
      borders within the sensitization zone were found to be negligible. The present
      findings provide a basis for relating the newly developed "transient-like"
      psychophysical test (which uses a windmill-type stimulus) to the Westheimer
      function. These data complement earlier clinical analyses of responses by
      patients whose Westheimer functions were studied near visual field lesions having
      sharp borders. The latter study is important in localizing this response function
      in the retina.

PMID- 961818
TI  - The stability of the shape of the human cornea.

PMID- 961819
TI  - Diffraction theory and visual hyperacuity.
AB  - The implications of the diffraction theory of light are examined as they relate
      to visual acuity and hyperacuity. Two incoherent point sources of light give rise
      to a double-peaked light distribution whose trough is 26% below the adjoining
      peaks when the sources are separated by Rayleigh limit of resolution, but the dip
      has vanished when the separation is 80% of the Rayleigh limit. Diffraction
      theory, however, places no restriction on the precision with which any single
      source can be localized. No paradox is therefore involved in having a point
      spread function with half-width one minute of arc and, at the same time, a
      localization threshold of a few seconds of arc, although the need for a
      sophisticated processing mechanism to achieve such low hyperacuity thresholds is
      emphasized.

PMID- 961820
TI  - The response patterns of simple cells in the primary visual pathway.

PMID- 961821
TI  - Feasibility or fantasy: good interprofessional relations between optometry and
      ophthalmology.

PMID- 961822
TI  - Ultrastructural evaluation of the interaction of glucocorticoids and vitamin D on
      bone cells in thyroparathyroidectomized rats.
AB  - To determine the direct effects of cortisol on bone, rats were
      thyroparathyroidectomized (T(X)PT(X)), fed a low-calcium diet, and given high (50
      mg/kg) or low (8 mg/kg) pharmacologic levels of cortisol with or without excess
      vitamin D3 (15,000 IU). Rats given vitamin D had osteoblasts and osteocytes
      interpreted ultrastructurally to be actively engaged in matrix synthesis,
      mineralization of matrix, and in calcium mobilization. Osteoclasts were numerous
      on metaphyseal trabeculae and in vascular channels of cortical bone. In T(X)PT(X)
      rats not given vitamin D, osteoblasts and osteocytes were interpreted to have
      reduced metabolic activity with minimal evidence of participation in bone
      formation or resorption. Cortisol at both dose levels failed to alter the
      electron microscopic appearance of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts with
      or without vitamin D. Bone turnover indicated by urinary hydroxyproline excretion
      was unaffected by cortisol treatment. These findings suggest that glucocorticoids
      have little direct action on bone cells and that their effects on calcium
      metabolism are probably mediated by an interference in intestinal calcium
      transport and by secondary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 961823
TI  - Eosinophil-enriched inflammatory response to schistosomula in the skin of mice
      immune to Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Exposure of the mouse skin to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae gives rise to acute,
      exudative inflammation in both normal and immune mice, but the immune response is
      anamnestically accelerated and is oesinophil-enriched, thereby enhancing
      opportunities for tegumental contact of schistosomula with host leukocytes,
      particularly with eosinophils. Many of the inflammatory changes occurring within
      the first 48 hours after exposure are due to cercarial products, e.g.,
      "penetration tracts," but some remain demonstrable when schistosomula
      metamorphosed in vitro are injected intradermally and are therefore directed
      against the schistosomula themselves, such as the leukocyte "streaming patterns"
      seen in their pathways. In contrast to earlier observations in primates, cellular
      responses to schistosomula in the mouse lung 4 days after penetration are minimal
      in either normal or immune mice. Thus, immune cellular responses to schistosomula
      in mice are limited to an early time period after cercarial penetration and are
      morphologically suggestive of an antibody-mediated response rather than of
      delayed hypersensitivity. Our observations complement earlier evidence suggesting
      that antibody-mediated host leukocyte contact with schistosomula initiates the
      killing of challenge parasites in immune mice, with the eosinophil probably
      playing a crucial role.

PMID- 961824
TI  - A macrophage-dependent factor that stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in
      vitro.
AB  - Whole blood serum (HBS) stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro,
      while platelet-poor plasma serum (PPPS) does not. Fibroblasts grown in the
      presence of PPPS are truly quiescent in that they are not deprived of nutrients
      in the culture medium and less than 3% of the cells synthesize DNA and divide. In
      vivo experiments have suggested that macrophages are necessary for stimulation of
      fibroplasia during wound repair. We have utilized the difference in growth
      promoting activity between HBS and PPPS to study the ability of macrophages to
      produce growth-promoting activity in cell culture. Guinea pig peritoneal
      macrophages cultured in vitro in medium containing PPPS release into the medium,
      either directly or indirectly, a factor (or factors) that stimulates the
      proliferation of guinea pig wound fibroblasts. This macrophage-dependent,
      fibroblast-stimulating activity (MFSA) is nondialyzable, heat stable (56 C for 30
      minutes), and requires culture in vitro for demonstration of activity. The
      relationship between MFSA and other growth factor(s) has not yet been determined.
      In contrast to the macrophage, lymphocytes prepared from mesenteric lymph nodes
      produced no figroblast-stimulating activity.

PMID- 961825
TI  - Effects of lipemia and trauma on experimental fat embolism.
AB  - According to some investigators, trauma is thought to bring about physical
      changes which produce a coalescence of normally dispersed blood lipids into fat
      droplets and pulmonary fat embolisms. Lipemia is thought to increase the extent
      of this embolization. If this theory is correct, intravenously infused labeled
      oil which is retained in the lungs should be mixed with and diluted by the fat
      emboli originating from the blood. Radioactive olive oil of known specific
      activity was slowly administered to a) control rats, b) rats made lipemic by
      dietary measures, c) severely traumatized rats, and d) traumatized lipemic rats.
      There was no difference in the specific activity of the oil recovered from the
      lungs of rats of any group, indicating that no recognizable amount of blood
      lipids had been added to the experimentally produced emboli.

PMID- 961826
TI  - The adrenal cortex in spontaneously hypertensive rats. A quantitative
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The adrenal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) has been examined by
      quantitative morphologic techniques for electron microscopy. The volume and
      surface area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the volume of Golgi apparatuses
      in zona glomerulosa cells of SHR was significantly greater than those of Wistar
      Kyoto strain (W/KY) normotensive controls; the volume of lipid droplets and
      nucleus was significantly less in SHR than in W/KY animals. A stimulation of the
      zona glomerulosa in SHR may well be attributable to the elevation in systolic
      blood pressure. A distinct lipid-free subglomerulosa was observed in the adrenal
      gland of W/KY rats; the cell volume was similar to that of the zona glomerulosa
      although the cells showed a significantly greater volume of mitochondria and
      surface area of mitochondrial membranes and greater volume of smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum and lysosomes. In the zona fasciculata, cell volume, volumes and
      surface area of mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and volume of
      lipid droplets were significantly lower in SHR than in W/KY rats. The volume of
      the Golgi apparatus was greater in SHR than in W/KY rats. Glycogen particles were
      observed in focal areas of some zona fasciculata cells. The adrenal cortex of
      another strain of normotensive Wistar rat (W/CFN) was compared with that of the
      W/KY and SHR. Although the relative adrenal weights of SHR and W/KY animals were
      identical, the weight of that in W/CFN was significantly smaller. The volume of
      the zona glomerulosa of SHR was significantly greater than that of W/KY although
      the volume of the zona glomerulosa in W/CFN was significantly greater than the
      other two groups. The volume of nucleus and lipid droplets of zona glomerulosa in
      W/KY was significantly greater than that in the S/CFN; the volume of the cell,
      mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and lysosomes, and
      the surface area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes of
      W/KY animals was significantly greater than those of W/CFN animals. It is
      concluded that the W/CFN rat is not an appropriate control for spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 961827
TI  - Acute lung injury induced by cadmium aerosol. I. Evolution of alveolar cell
      damage.
AB  - Following exposure to an aerosol of 0.1% (.005 M) cadmium chloride, rat lungs
      were examined at 6 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 days. By light microscopy,
      damage was multifocal and centered about respiratory bronchioles.
      Ultrastructurally, there was Type 1 cell edema with frequent loss of surface
      plasma membranes during the first 24 hours. After 2 days, the number of Type 2
      cells had markedly increased, and by 3 days the damaged alveoli were lined by
      plump cuboidal cells closely resembling Type 2 cells. By 4 days, these cells were
      flatter, the change being more marked by 7 days; by 10 days, the cells had
      regained the appearance of Type 1 cells through loss of osmiophilic bodies and
      superficial microvilli. We conclude that CdCl2 damages Type 1 cells, which are
      then replaced by proliferation of Type 2 cells. These cells lose their
      osmiophilic bodies and flatten out to replace the lost Type 1 cells, the process
      being almost complete by 10 days after the injury. This pattern resembles the
      injury caused by NO2, O3, and O2.

PMID- 961828
TI  - Symposium: The role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of disease. Introduction.

PMID- 961829
TI  - Animal model of human disease: adenosis and clear-cell carcinomas of vagina and
      cervix.

PMID- 961830
TI  - Voluntary inhibition of the myotatic reflex and premotor response to joint angle
      displacement.
AB  - EMGs from the deltoid muscle of the nonpreferred arm were obtained from 18
      subjects (9 males, 9 females). The EMGs resulted from a stretch reflex (reflex
      latency) from the fall of the relaxed arm from an electromagnet and from the
      resultant EMGs of a voluntary response to stop the preceived falling arm
      (premotor response). Ten normal trials were followed by 10 inhibition trials. By
      conscious relaxation of the arm and inhibition of the deltoid muscle, all
      subjects on most trials were able to completely eliminate the voluntary premotor
      responses. Elimination of the myotatic reflex proved much more difficult with two
      subjects completely inhibiting it on all trials and ten subjects on at least one
      trial; however when the reflex was not inhibited, the inhibited condition
      resulted in significantly reduced reflex duration and an increased reflex
      latency. No sex difference was found in the ability to inhibit the EMG responses.

PMID- 961831
TI  - Effects of a specific ecutaneous cold stimulus on single motor unit activity of
      medial gastrocnemium muscle in man.
AB  - The effect of a specific skin cooling stimulus on single motor unit (SMU)
      activity in the underlying medial gastrocnemius muscle on forty normal subjects
      was examined by computer analysis of the real time occurrence of each unit during
      a 12 minute experiment. Subjects (N, 17) discharging SMUs at a comfortable
      resting frequency (5.2 +/- 0.9 Hz) showed a tendency toward inhibitory responses
      during the first minute of cooling. Most subjects (13 of 18) who discharged SMUs
      at a frequency of 0.5 Hz underwent a statistically significant increase in SMU
      activity during the first minute and then a significant reduction in activity
      during the next minute of cooling. The general findings suggest that motor
      outflow can be altered in muscle underlying a specific thermal stimulus and that
      the central excitatory state of the nervous system plays a large role in
      determining how cutaneous cooling information will be processed to affect motor
      changes.

PMID- 961832
TI  - Effect of diazepam on muscle contraction in spasticity.
AB  - The direct effect of diazepam on skeletal muscle has been examined in 15 patients
      with neurological lesions resulting in spasticity. Diazepam 15-30 mg. IV reduced
      the amplitude of the compound action potential of the direct muscle response (M
      response) and the isometric twitch tension. It is postulated that diazepam may
      affect the contractile properties of muscle and, possibly, the electrical
      properties of the muscle membrane. These peripheral effects may contribute to the
      reported clinical benefits of the drug in patients with spasticity including
      those patients with complete spinal lesions.

PMID- 961833
TI  - Lengthening contraction and interpretations of active state tension in the
      isometric twitch response of skeletal muscle.
AB  - The plateau of tetanic tension in a lengthening contraction of muscle at any
      given length is always greater than that in an isometric contraction at the same
      given length. To account for this excess of tension, it is suggested that the
      contractile machinery is "locked" in a strained condition that might make the
      muscle capable of bearing a greater tension in a lengthening contraction than it
      can develop in an isometric contraction. It is proposed that this strained
      condition also occurs in a lengthening contraction of the twitch response. If
      this proposal is valid it seems certain that the plateu of tension in the
      lengthening contraction of the twitch response cannot be equated with the plateau
      of tension in the isometric contraction of tetanus. The design of the original
      concept, that the plateau of active state tension in the lengthening contraction
      of the twitch is equal to the plateau of tension (Po) in the isometric
      contraction of tetanus, is based upon the assumption that the contractile
      component is neither lengthening nor shortening during both of these plateaus.
      This assumption is made without considering the possibility that the plateau in
      the lengthening contraction might be due to concurrent lengthening of series
      elastic elements and shortening of the contractile component. To account for the
      plateau of tension observed after quick lengthening in the early phase of twitch
      contraction indirect evidence is presented favoring the view that the quick
      lengthening during stretch is followed by slow lengthening and stress relaxation
      (decrease of tension) in series elastic elements and simultaneous shortening and
      increase of tension in the contractile component. When the original concept of
      active state tension in the twitch response is interpreted in the light of
      lengthening contraction, it is concluded that the labeled or implied Po for the
      plateau of the active state tension is unwarranted and confusing. It seems that
      the primary source of confusion is the assumption that the tension a muscle is
      capable of bearing in a lengthening contraction is equatable with the tension it
      can develop in an isometric contraction.

PMID- 961834
TI  - African fossil tali: further multivariate morphometric studies.
AB  - Analysis of measurements from the tali of 21 individual fossil primates from
      Africa shows that the specimens fall into five clearly defined groups.
      Accordingly, these specimens have been included as groups along with extant
      species in a subsequent canonical analysis thus allowing the fossils to play
      their part in the determination of the canonical separations. The results of this
      procedure show that the five fossil groups lie in a part of the canonical space
      not occupied by any extant African primate. Their positions are between the
      envelope of Asiatic apes (Hylobates and Pongo) and the envelope of African forms
      near the edge which contains Pan and Papio. One fossil group is so similar to
      Hylobates that its talus may have functioned in locomotion in a parallel manner.
      Others lie near to Pongo in directions proceeding towards Pan and Papio and it is
      possible that this similarity may indicate remnants of morphological adaptation
      for climbing in these fossils. At the same time, however, individual specimens
      are closer to one or another of the extant groups and this considerable spread
      suggests that the locomotor adaptations as evidenced by talar morphology, of the
      primate fauna in Africa, may have been very different from those of the present
      day. This would not the inconsistent with the different habitats, floras and non
      primate faunas that may have characterized the East African scene at these
      earlier times. Particular fossils from Olduvai and Kromdraai that are supposed to
      be australopithecine and therefore bipeds, are confirmed (Oxnard, '72; Lisowski
      et al., '74) as being totally different from man in their talar morphology and
      essentially rather similar to the majority of the other fossil tali examined.

PMID- 961835
TI  - Genetic structure and heterozygosity in the kuru region, eastern highlands of New
      Guinea.
AB  - Genetic structure of 20 of the 37 linguistic groups in the Eastern Highlands of
      New Guinea including the kuru region is analyzed using information on blood
      groups and serum protein polymorphisms. The average individual is heterozygous at
      28.6% of loci and the average number of alleles per locus is 1.234. Coefficients
      of kinship for linguistic groups range from 0.005 for the sweet potato
      cultivating North Fore to 0.075 for the isolated Pawaians whose dietary staple is
      sago and who depend more on hunting and gathering. As one selects linguistic
      groups with smaller and smaller population size and increasing isolation, one
      finds that kinship coefficients rise as much as tenfold, but there is no
      concomitant loss of heterozygosity or trend toward fixation of alleles. Genetic
      relationships established by genetic distance trees and by principal components
      analysis are comparable and are consistent with other anthropological
      observations.

PMID- 961836
TI  - Prenatal origins of carpal fusions.
AB  - As shown in 138 embryos and fetuses in the 40-285 mm crown-rump length range,
      carpal and carpal-metacarpal "fusions" arise from incomplete separation of the
      cartilaginous precursors rather than from failure of initiation, thus accounting
      for the "fusions" seen in postnatal radiographs and the grooves that are evident
      enough in adult fusions. Radiographs selected from over 20,000 apparently normal
      individuals provide postnatal counterparts for the prenatal examples shown in
      histological sections.

PMID- 961837
TI  - Paradoxical bilateral asymmetry in bone size and bone mass in the hand.
AB  - Among 227 chronic renal disease patients, micrometer caliper radiogrammetric
      measurements of the second metacarpal at midshaft showed the right metacarpal to
      be larger (with greater bone area) and with a greater cortical area than the left
      second metacarpal, both in 208 right-handed individuals and in 19 left-handed
      individuals. This direction of asymmetry was individually characteristic of the
      majority of individuals, whether right-handed, left-handed or ambidextrous.

PMID- 961838
TI  - A study of nine polymorphic systems in the population of the Po Delta.
AB  - The present work reports a study of nine genetic polymorphic systems in the area
      of the Po Delta where malaria was endemic since the XIV century. Our data confirm
      some characteristics of this population already reported by other authors such as
      the high prevalence of thalassemia, the low prevalence of the rh (d) gene and the
      presence of G-6-PD deficiency. Among the other systems studied, i.e., AP, PGM1
      ADA and AK, only AP frequencies of Po Delta population are significantly
      different from those of other continental Italian populations, the PC allele
      showing the lowest frequency so far observed.

PMID- 961839
TI  - Differential contribution of stature phenotypes to assortative mating in parents
      of Philadelphia black and white school children.
AB  - Assortative mating for stature, weight, and the ponderal and Quetelet's indices
      is considered in a large sample of Philadelphia Blacks and Whites. The husband
      wife correlation for stature is positive and significant in Whites (r = 0.34,
      d.f. = 382), but negligible in Blacks (r = 0.06, d.f. = 420). Correlations for
      weight and the body indices are positive and significant in both samples, those
      for body indices showing some dependency on the husband-wife correlations for
      stature and weight. When couples are grouped into statural mating combinations on
      the basis of short (S), medium (M) and tall (T), White spouses' statures show an
      approximately linear relationship to one another. The distribution of Black
      spouses' statures, however, is not completely independent, even though the
      husband-wife correlation is close to zero. There are elements of both positive
      and negative assortative mating among Blacks, resulting in an excess of certain
      mating types over that expected on the basis of chance. These mating types are
      usually those in which the husband is shorter than the wife, except at the
      heterogenous extremes of the bivariate array.

PMID- 961840
TI  - Intussusception due to lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestine.

PMID- 961841
TI  - Localized gangrene of the cecum and acute articular rheumatic fever.

PMID- 961842
TI  - Invasive carcinoma of the colon and duodenum with duodeno-colic fistula: report
      of a case.

PMID- 961843
TI  - Sacral epidural analgesia for operations on the rectum.

PMID- 961844
TI  - Echinococcosis of the rectovaginal septum.

PMID- 961845
TI  - Escape of ascarides through herniorrhaphy wounds.

PMID- 961846
TI  - Vastus internus muscle transplant for the correction of anal incontinence: report
      of a case.

PMID- 961847
TI  - Metering of fluid intake and determinants of ad libitum drinking in rats.
AB  - The contributions of homeostatis mechanisms to spontaneous drinking were assessed
      in a study of residual oral drinking under several conditions of exogenous water
      administration. Continuous and/or discontinuous infusiors were conducted for long
      periods with dry food present ad libitum. The routes of administration were
      intravenous (IV), intragastric (IG) through a nasopharyngeal catheter. All
      infusions  reduced from noninfused levels, but the magnitude of that reduction
      was a function of both route and temporal characteristics. Continuous infusions
      were more effective via the IG route than IV, and a residual intake of about 10
      ml/24 h presisted at even the highest infusion rates. Discontinuous meal-paired
      IV infusions suppressed mid- and postmeal drinking, consistent with the 
      satisfaction of systemic needs induced by cry food intake. Meal-paired IG
      nasopharyngeal infusions competely suppressed drinking when the infusions
      exceeded  base-line intake by only about 20%. In marked contrast, corresponding
      IG infusions through a direct fistula catheter were relatively ineffective. In
      all cases the decreases in drinking were not of a nonspecific nature beacuse food
      intake was unchanged. The discussion considers the different levels of metering
      involved and the time-varying (derivative) nature of the infusion if was
      suggested that there is a nonhomeostatic contribution to normal drinking.

PMID- 961848
TI  - Isohemic blood volume expansion in normal and areflexive dogs.
AB  - The hemodynamic and renal responses to rapid intravascular volume expansion (VE)
      were studied in normal and areflexive dogs. "Isohemic" expansion was performed by
      infusing autologous blood (averaging 453 ml) thoroughly mixed with the
      circulating blood. In areflexive dogs cardiac output and arterial pressure
      doubled immediately after VE and fell back to control within 70 min; in normal
      dogs the circulatory response was less than one-third as great, but arterial
      pressure failed to return to control within 120 min. In the areflexive dogs,
      water, electrolyte, and total osmolar urinary output rose three- to fivefold
      after VE and declined thereafter, roughly following arterial pressure. In normal
      dogs the urine flow increased 40% immediately and rose further up to 70% in 60
      min. No evidence for a natriuretic hormone was seen. It is concluded that
      mechanical factors are mainly responsible for the increased excretion of water
      and solutes after VE. Direct nervous reflexes to the kidney seemed to play a
      quantitatively minor role in the renal response.

PMID- 961849
TI  - Arachidonic acid in splanchnic artery occlusion shock.
AB  - Arachindonic acid infused into the mesenteric vascular bed of normal
      pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs at a concentrations of 150 mug/kg per min
      produced no significant changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), portal
      vein pressure (PVP), screen filtration pressure (SFP), platelet count,
      circulating lysosomal enzyme or myocardial depressant factor (MCF) activities,
      nad only modestly increased superior mesenteric arter flow (SMAF)ans endogenous
      prostaglandin concentrations concentrations. It is concluded that arachidonic
      acid, at the infusion rate employed, dose not have any major effect on the
      circulatory status or on the lysosomal or platelet stability in normal dogs. In
      contrast, arachidonic acid administered to dogs in splanchnic artery occulusion
      (SAO) shock significantly exacerbated the decline in MABP seen after release of
      the occlusive clamps and also significantly reduced mesenteric blood flow. The
      hypothnsive of arachidonic acid appears to be partly due to the fatty acid itself
      and partly due to the metavolically formed prostaglandin endoct the platelet
      count or aggregability, lysosomal hydrolase activity, or MDF formation in the SAO
      shock dogs. These data suggest that increased endogenous prostaglandin
      concentrations in themselves are not a prime factor in the pathophysiology of
      circulatory shock, but that endogenous prostaglandin or related substances can
      significantly modulate the shock state.

PMID- 961850
TI  - PCO(2) and rate of formation of cerebrospinal fluid in the monkey.
AB  - Changes in cerebrospinal fluid formation rate (VF) with hypocapnia were measured
      by the ventriculocisternal perfusion technique in 24 rhesus monkeys anesthetized
      with nitrous oxide. In addition cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the
      hydrogen clearence methods, Vf in control animals declined at a mean rate of 2.3
      mul/min each hour during the last 4.5 h of a 7-h perfusion although variables
      known to effect Vf remained stable. Three hours after perfusion began, Vf of
      normocapnic controls was 41.4 mul/min +/- 5.4; CBF, 59P ML/100 G PER MIN. When
      Pco(2) was reduced to half of control, Vf fell to 35.6 mul/min +/- 6.3 and CBF
      fell by 27%. When Pco(2) was doubled, Vf fell to 33.1 mul/min +/- 5.3 and CBF
      increased threefold. The difference in Vf id significant only for the hypercapnic
      group (p=0.01). When animals were used as their own controls, three were no
      significant differences in Vf with hypercapnia compared to normocapnia. These
      results indicated that in the monkey variations of Pco(2) within broad
      physiologic limits, which are sufficient to cause large changes in CBF, have
      little effect of Vf.

PMID- 961851
TI  - Pineal multiunit activity in conscious quail: effects of light, blinding,
      ganglionectomy.
AB  - Multiunit activity (MUA) was recorded from thr pineal gland in unanesthetized
      male Japenese quail. The influence of light regimen on spontaneous and flash
      evoked firing patterns of pineal cells was investigated. Shortening the day
      length from 18 to 6 h/24 h resulted in a marked increase in pineal MUA. Pineal
      firing rate was higher during the dark than during the light fraction of the
      photoperiod. Flashlight stimulation always led to a marked inhibition of the
      pineal MUA. Cutting the optic nerves bilaterally resulted in a marked increase in
      the level of MUA. None of the experimental conditions altered the elevated MUA in
      blinded birds. Thus, photoperiod and light stimulation appeared to be important
      for pineal activity; however, no direct photosended quail. Superior cervical
      ganglionectomy resulted in slightly increased spontaneous MUA but did not inhibit
      pineal responses to flashlight stimulations.

PMID- 961852
TI  - Effects of lactate and glutamine on palmitate metabolism in rat kindey cortex.
AB  - Rat renal cortical slices were incubated with [1-(14)C]palmitate bound to 2.5%
      albumin. The following effects were found: a)1 mM palmitate utilization or
      oxidation to CO(2) varied according to the concentration of lactate in the media,
      it increased at 0.8 and 3.2 mM, was unchanged at 8 mM, and decreased at 16 mM.
      Esterification was stimulated at 3.2 mM lactate. b) Addition of glutamine (0.1
      mM) instead of lactate stimulated incomplete and complete oxidation of palmitate
      (1 mM), whereas high medium glutamine (10 mM) inhibited palmitate (1 mM)
      utilization, esterification, and oxidation to CO(2) but increased its incomplete
      oxidation. The low rate of exogenous palmitate oxidation observed in this study
      and the finding that exogenous palmitate oxidation is only partially inhibited at
      very high concentrations of exogenous lactate or glutamine are consistent with
      the view that these exogenous substrates contribute little to the oxidative
      metabolism of rat renal cortex in vitro, which probably depends on the supply of
      substrates endogenous to the tissue.

PMID- 961853
TI  - Hyperosmolarity: effects on nerves and smooth muscle of cutaneous veins.
AB  - Helical strips from dogs' saphenous veins were mounted in an organ bath (Krebs
      Ringer solution, 37 degrees C) for isometric tension recording. Additional strips
      were incubated with [7-3H]norepinephrine and mounted for superfusion and
      isometric tension recording. The perfusate was collected every 2 min for
      estimation of total radioactivity and for column chromatographic separation of
      [3H]norepinephrine and its metabolites. Increasing osmolarity by sucrose caused a
      slow contraction that was maximal at 500-550 mosM and was accompanied by a
      reduction in total 3H efflux. The contraction was unaffected by a Ca2+-free
      medium, alpha-adrenegic blockade, and beta-adrenergic stimulaton. It was
      depressed by cooling (29 degrees C) and by anoxia combined with a glucose-free
      medium. Contractions elicited by K+ and Ba2+ were augmented by hyperosmolarity,
      but those caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation, tyramine, and norepinephrine
      were depressed. The output of [3H]norepinephrine during nerve stimulation was
      reduced. Thus, the hyperosmolarity causes 1) contraction of vascular smooth
      muscle, 2) augmentation of the contractile response to K+ and Ba2+, 3) depression
      of the excitation caused by norepinephrine, and 4) inhibition of the neuronal
      release of norepinephrine.

PMID- 961854
TI  - Thermoregulatory effects of monoamine potentiators and inhibitors in the rat.
AB  - Exogenously administered monoamines may elicit variable thermoregulatory
      responses dependent on dosage, species, site of administration, ambient
      temperature, etc. In an attempt to reconcile several inconsistencies, we have
      undertaken a series of studies related to monoaminergic control of temperature
      regulation. Thus, intraventricular administration of serotonin (2.64-26.4 mug)
      and norepinephrine (3.3-32.8 mug) in rats evoked acute (15-60 min) dose-dependent
      hypothermic responses (delta Tre = 2 degrees C) that were gradually superseded by
      significant, more persistent hyperthermia (delta Tre = 1 degreee C).
      Administration of chlorimipramine or imipramine (total dose 40 mug), even in
      monoamine-depleted animals, caused long-lasting hyperthermic responses,
      presumably by the prevention of reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine at nerve
      terminals involved in thermoregulation. Pretreatment with the serotonin inhibitor
      cyproheptadine (4o mug) attenuated the hyperthermia achieved by central
      administration of chlorimipramine alone. We conclude that both monoamines can act
      as thermogenic agents under the conditions of these experiments.

PMID- 961855
TI  - Metabolic adaptations in brown adipose tissue of the hamster in extreme ambient
      temperatures.
AB  - Cold acclimation caused the following changes in the brown adipose tissue (BAT)
      of the hamster: the relative weight of the tissue increased, it color darkened,
      the multilocular structure predominated, and tissue protein content increased
      while fat content decreased. There was also an increase in the mitochondrial
      protein content. Heat acclimation had the opposite effects, i.e., the color
      became lighter, total and mitochondrial protein decreased, fat content increased,
      and tissue structure was mostly unilocular. Accordingly, cold acclimation was
      accompanied by increased tissue respiration in the presence of chi
      glycerophosphate (chi-GP) and succinate, whereas heat acclimation reduced the
      respiratory activity of the tissue with these substrates. Isolated BAT
      mitochondria from cold-acclimated animals increased activities of chi-GP and NADH
      oxidase, whereas the activities of succinic and cytochrome oxidases and the
      amount of mitochondrial cytochromes were unchanged. The effects of heat
      acclimation were more pronounced: there was a decrease in the activities of chi
      GP, succinic, NADH, and cytochrome oxidases, as well as in the cytochrome a and
      a3 content. When respiration of tissue slices on succinate was compared to the
      maximal potential respiration, as measured with mitochondria disrupted by
      freezing and thawing, it was found that the relative activity (slices vs.
      disrupted mitochondria) was highest in cold-acclimated animals and decreased
      progressively with increasing acclimation temperatures. It is suggested that the
      differences in the apparent activity of the mitochondria were due to changes in
      the conformation of the mitochondria as a result of acclimation.

PMID- 961856
TI  - Influence of vasopressin and amiloride on shunt pathways of frog skin.
AB  - Studies were done to determine the influence of vasopressin and amiloride on the
      sodium backflux of nonedge-damaged frog skin. As before, the bidirectional fluxes
      of sodium appeared to be limited primarily to the active transport pathways of
      control skins. When the skins were treated with vasopressin, the sodium backflux
      was increased selectively (over that of sucrose) and more so than  was expected
      for the active transportpathway alone. In control skins, amiloride had no effect
      on the flux of the shunt pathway. However, with vasopressin-treated skins,
      amiloride at 10(-6) M decreased the sodium backflux of the shunt pathway to
      levels observed previously for the control skins. These observations are
      compatible with the idea that the shunt pathway may in part be cellular and in
      part extracellular. When the changes in open-circuit voltage and shunt resistance
      caused by vasopressin and amiloride (as determined from the I-V relationships)
      were examined, the data were also found to be compatible with the idea that
      vasopressin exerted an influence on the shunt pathway of the frog skin, and this
      effect of vasopressin could be reversed by amiloride.

PMID- 961857
TI  - Rise in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen concentration in rats eviscerated after
      colure regulation.
AB  - Rats were exposed to 4 or 25 degrees C for 6, 12, and 24 h or for longer periods
      up to 2 wk, then eviscerated. The hourly changes in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen
      were followed for 4 h after operation, which because of functional removal of the
      liver allows amino acids released from the extrahepatic tissues to accumulate in
      the blood. Although cold exposure of tissues to accumulate in the blood. Although
      cold exposure of 24-h-fasted rats for 6 h before eviscerated resulted in an
      increased rate of rise of plasma alpha-amino nitrogen postoperatively, the rise
      was not significantly greater than warm controls until after 12 h of exposure.
      Thereafter, similar results were obtained whether cold was 12, 24, or 48 h or 14
      days duration. Fasting in the cold produced an immediate sharp rise after
      evisceration so that the concentration was 2 times the control value in 2 h. By
      contrast, animals allowed to eat adlibitum showed the rise after evisceration but
      it was progressively smaller in amount as the exposure extended beyond the 1st
      day. After 5 days there were no longer significant differences from control
      values. The reduction in rate of rise in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen coincided
      with cold-induced increases in food intake. The findings support the view that
      protein metabolism of muscle, the predominant extrahepatic tissue, may
      participate in thermogenesis when other sources of energy in the body have been
      depleted.

PMID- 961858
TI  - Reversal of hypoxic bradycardia by halothane or midcollicular decerebration.
AB  - Previous work suggests a primary vagal bradycardia during hypoxic excitation of
      the arterial chemoreceptors. In this study we examined whether tachycardia,
      resulting from withdrawal of vagal inhibition of the cardiac pacemaker, may also
      occur during hypoxia. Cats with cervical spinal section were ventilated with
      hypoxic gas mixtures or allowed to remain apneic in expiration while heart rate
      was continually monitored. During recovery from halothane anesthesia or following
      electrolytic midcollicular decerebration, the bradycardic response to hypoxic or
      asphyxic stimulation was reduced or was reversed to tachycardia. The extent of
      reduction or reversal of the bradycardia was positively correlated with the level
      of the arterial pressure which was adjusted by either hemorrhage or infusion of
      phenylephrine. These findings indicate a tachycardic component of the vagal
      response to hypoxia, integrated in the pontomedullary region of the brainstem and
      resulting from interaction between the chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes.

PMID- 961859
TI  - Influence of medium tonicity on respiration by suspensions of human platelets.
AB  - We describe the use of graded decrements of medium osmolarity to progressively
      unmask respiratory capacities of whole human platelets in suspension. This
      departure led to the first demonstration that human platelet mitochondria are
      capable of tightly coupled respiration that responds to addition of mitochondrial
      substrates, ADP, and inhibitors in a way that other mammalian mitochondria are
      expected to behave. In 300 mosM media added alpha-glycerophosphate (G3P),
      succinate, or ADP effected only slight stimulation of base-line O2 consumption.
      At 180 mosM O2 consumption peaked and was not significantly affected by succinate
      or ADP. At 80 mosM base-line O2 consumption fell precipitously and was restored
      by G3P or succinate prior to being raised to its highest levels by ADP. Added
      NADH had no effect on O2 consumption at 80 mosM but sharply stimulated it when
      platelet suspensions were exposed to 60 mosM media by pretreatment with distilled
      water. At 80 mosM, selected compounds that inhibit or uncouple oxidative
      phosphorylation of isolated mammalian mitochondria from a variety of cells
      exerted similar influences on while platelets.

PMID- 961860
TI  - Fever and antipyresis in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis.
AB  - Lizards (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) were placed in a desertlike environment in which
      the ambient temperature (Ta) at night (1800-0600 h) was 12 degrees C and the day
      (0600-1800 h) Ta was between 30 and 55 degrees C depending on the location within
      the chamber. When dead Aeromonas hydrophila (4 X 10(9) organisms) was injected
      into nine lizards, an elevation in body temperature (Tb) of 2.7 degrees C was
      observed during the same day. On the day after bacterial injection the lizards'
      body temperatures averaged 41.6 degrees C, an increase of 4.2 degrees C over
      their control day Tb. Further investigations on the febrile response of D.
      dorsalis were conducted at the University of Wisconsin's Biotron, where there
      exists a simulated desert environment with the light intensity, temperature, and
      humidity closely parelleling a typical spring day in the southwestern desert of
      the United States (the natural habitat of Dipsosaurus). In this environment
      injection of dead bacteria into seven lizards led to an average febrile response
      of similar magnitude (Tb = 40.5 degrees C) but with a longer latency than that
      found at the University of Michigan. Injection of 13 lizards with live A.
      hydrophila (5 X 10(9) organism subcut.) in the simulated desert at Michigan led
      to a daytime fever averaging 2.3 degrees C (mean Tb = 40.6 degrees C) over a 5
      day period. During the 6th and 7th day the lizards' body temperature returned to
      the normal or afebrile level. Injections of sodium salicylate along with dead A.
      hydrophila resulted in a dose-dependent attenuation of the febrile response.
      These results demonstrate that the reptilian febrile response is strikingly
      similar to avian and mammalian fever and suggest a common origin and perhaps
      function for the febrile mechanism.

PMID- 961861
TI  - Responses of rat brainstem neurons to carotid occlusion.
AB  - The distribution and features of cardiovascular neurons (CVN) were studied in the
      brainstem of chloralose-anesthetized rats. Only neurons yielding an immediate
      response to carotid occulsion (CO) were considered as CVN. The criterion was
      deduced from the response patterns of cardiovascular afferent (carotid sinus
      nerve) and efferents (sympathetic and vagal nerves) during CO. Seventy-two CVN
      were identified and were observed to be mostly in the medullarly reticular
      formation and to some extent in the nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus
      ambiguus. Fifty-five CVN (type A) decreased their firing rates in response to CO
      where 17 CVN (type B) increased their rates. Analyses of the time courses of
      their responses to CO revealed the convergence of the chemoreceptor and
      baroreceptor inputs onto some type A neurons. Electrical stimulation of the
      spinal cord evoked orthodromic responses in some neurons in both types. The
      evoked responses were blocked by CO in type A neurons whereas they were
      facilitated in those of type B. These results suggest that input from arterial
      baroreceptors, arterial chemoreceptors, and spinal ascending afferents is
      integrated within CVN.

PMID- 961862
TI  - Effects of 4-pentenoic acid on renal phosphate and calcium excretion in the dog.
AB  - The effects of 4-pentenoic acid (4-PA) on renal excretion of phosphate and
      calcium were studied in anesthetized mongrel dogs. The major metabolic action of
      4-PA is inhibition of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. In intact dogs undergoing
      modest saline diuresis, 4-PA caused significant decrease in the percentage of
      filtered phosphate reabsorbed. No statistically significant calciuria was
      observed. Similar results were observed in intact dogs undergoing more brisk
      saline diuresis as well as in acutely and chronically thyroparathyroidectomized
      dogs. However, when results were pooled, both phosphate and calcium excretions
      were significantly increased. The results are interpreted as demonstrating the
      importance of fatty acid oxidation in providing energy for the work of tubular
      phosphate reabsorption. Either the energy source for calcium reabsorption differs
      from fatty acid oxodation, or calcium reabsorption is less sensitive to changes
      in energy sources. The action of 4-PA is independent of the forces involved in
      saline diuresis and of parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 961863
TI  - Further studies on coupling between sodium transport and respiration in toad
      urinary bladder.
AB  - When sodium transport (JNa) and CO2 production (JCO2) were measured
      simultaneously in the toad urinary bladder in the absence of electrochemical
      gradients under conditions of spontaneous variation of JNa, the curve of JNa on
      JCO2, phiJNa/phiJCO2, was found to be highly linear in an individual epithelium.
      However, no unique value appeared to characterize a population of bladders. In an
      effort to investigate the nature of this variation, phiJNa/phiJCO2 was examined
      under a variety of conditions. It was found that agents that affect sodium entry
      into the active transport pool, e.g. vasopressin and amiloride, or those that
      influence the energy-linked exit step, e.g. ouabain and insulin, have no effect
      on the phiJNa/phiJCO2. To investigate the possibility of the presence of a
      significant backleak from the serosal side into the cell, the sodium
      concentration was changed to 75 and 160 mM. Neither of these maneuvers influenced
      phiJNa/phiJCO2 or (JCO2)JNa=O. Furthermore, in the absence of mucosal sodium,
      ouabain had no effect on JCO2, suggesting that no significant recirculation is
      occurring. It is concluded that for each individual epithelium JNa is coupled to
      JCO2, and their ratios appear, within experimental error, to be invariant. It is
      suggested that sodium traverses the active transport pathway largely or entirely
      in one direction.

PMID- 961864
TI  - Propagation of stimulated slow waves in cat intestinal muscle.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the propagation and propagation failure of the
      slow wave. Spontaneous slow waves and action potentials were recorded from the
      longitudinal muscle layer of small strips of cat jejunum. Slow waves could be
      stimulated electrically at intervals shorter than the spontaneous interval, and
      the velocity of propagation of these slow waves was slower than the spontaneous
      slow waves. The velocity of propagation was approximately proportional to the
      time between slow waves. At intervals about one-half the normal spontaneous
      interval the propagation became slow and unstable, which would result in the
      periodic failure of a single slow wave. This type of failure may underlie the
      formation of the slow-wave frequency gradient observed in the intact intestine.
      The wave shape of the external recording of the slow wave, together with the
      measurement of electrotonic current spread in strips of isolated muscle, suggest
      that the slow wave propagates by local circuit currents in an electrically
      excitable cablelike tissue.

PMID- 961865
TI  - Determinants of glomerular filtration rate in the dog.
AB  - Micropuncture techniques were used to evaluate the determinants of glomerular
      filtration in hydropenic dogs. Stop-flow and servo-null techniques were used to
      estimate the glomerular capillary and proximal tubule hydrostatic pressures. The
      validity of stop-flow estimates was verified by comparisons with direct puncture
      of glomerular capillaries in Munich-Wistar rats. Efferent arteriolar oncotic
      pressure was calculated from the filtration fraction and systemic protein
      concentrations. This calculation was verified in separate experiments by
      measurement of the protein concentration in blood collected directly from
      efferent arterioles. In 14 dogs, estimated glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)
      averaged 65.8 +/- 2.9 mmHg and proximal tubule pressure (PT) averaged 20.5 +/-
      1.3 mmHg. The net hydrostatic filtration pressure (GCP - PT) of 45.3 +/- 2.7 mmHg
      was significantly higher than the efferent arteriolar oncotic pressure (piEA) of
      33.2 +/- 2.8 mmHg (P less than .001). These findings indicate that filtration
      dynamics in the dog are characterized by filtration pressure disequilibrium.

PMID- 961866
TI  - Maturation of contractile response of ductus arteriosus to oxygen and drugs.
AB  - Contractile responses of rings of ductus arteriosus from fetal and neonatal
      guinea pigs were studied in buffered Krebs-Henseleit solutions of various oxygen
      tensions. Oxygen-induced contraction of ductus arteriosus increased with
      gestational age, peaking at term and attenuating within 24 h after birth.
      Contractions of ductus in response to potassium were not different in term and
      preterm fetuses. Maximal contractile response of pre- and postductal aortic rings
      to oxygen was 8.3% of the maximal oxygen-induced contraction of ductal rings from
      the same fetuses. Pulmonary artery was quite insensitive to oxygen. Of 12 ductus
      exposed to bradykinin in the absence of oxygen seven contracted (maximal response
      was obtained with 15.0 ng/ml). Exposure of ductus to bradykinin in the absence of
      oxygen enhanced subsequent contractions of ductal smooth muscle rings to air.
      Atropine failed to inhibit the oxygen-induced contraction of ductus. These data
      suggest that acetylcholine is not essential for oxygen-induced contraction of the
      guinea pig ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 961867
TI  - Intestinal ion transport: effect of norepinephrine, pilocarpine, and atropine.
AB  - The effects of parenteral pilocarpine, atropine, and norepinephrine on salt and
      water transport were studied in jejunum and ileum of anesthetized rats.
      Pilocarpine increased jejunal transmural PD, reduced absorption of Na, K, HCO3,
      and H2O, and increased secretion of Cl; in ileum, it caused secretion of Na and
      H2O, elicited secretion of K, and reduced the absorption of Cl. In both segments,
      perfusate became more akaline, and there was less of a rise in PCO2. Atropine
      prevented all changes caused by pilocarpine. Atropine alone increased jejunal
      absorption of Na and HCO3 and acidity of perfusate, implying that cholinergic
      nerves influence transport. Norepinephrine augmented jejunal absorption of Na,
      Cl, and H2O but caused no change in PD. In ileum, norepinephrine increased
      absorption of Na and Cl, reduced the rise in pH, increased the rise in PCO2 of
      perfusate, but did not affect net HCO3 movement. With all agents, when Na
      absorption increased, perfusate became more acidic in jejunum and less alkaline
      in ileum, evidence of an association between Na and H transport.

PMID- 961868
TI  - Effect of vasopressin on sodium excretion and plasma antinatriferic activity in
      the dog.
AB  - Vasopressin (VP) was administered for 1 h intravenously to hydropenic,
      anesthetized dogs in doses of 1.0-1.25 mU/kg per min. In 14 experiments, sodium
      excretion (UNA V) increased from a mean of 13 +/- 5 to a peak of 96 +/- 21
      mueq/min 40 min after beginning infusion (P less than .001). Urine flow and
      potassium excretion increased from 0.18 +/-.04 ml/min and 20 +/- 2 meuq/min to
      peak values of 0.6 +/- .08 ml/min and 61 +/- 9 mueq/min, respectively (P less
      than .001), with no significant increase in glomerular filtration rate. No
      significant changes in UNA V occurred in eight sham control experiments of in six
      experiments in which VP was given at 75 muU/kf per min. To test the hypothesis
      that VP might be natriuretic indirectly by releasing a natriuretic substance,
      plasms ultrafiltrates were tested for toad bladder antinatriferic activity(AA).
      During steady-state control, AA was -10 +/- 3%. Thirty and sixty minutes after
      beginning VP, AA increased to -24 +/- 3% (P less than .05) and -26 +/- 2% (P less
      than .001), respectiviely. No significant change in plasma AA occurred in either
      sham controls or in animals given the subnatriuretic VP dose. Incubation of
      plasma with 1,000 muU/ml VP caused no increase in AA. The data show that VP
      natriuresis is accompanied by an increase in plasms AA. The results suggest that
      vasopressin natriuresis in hydropenic dogs at least in part to the release of a
      humoral inhibitor of renal tubular sodium transport.

PMID- 961869
TI  - Effect of serotonin on brown adipose tissue and on its sympathetic neurons.
AB  - Previously we have shown that there are two types of sympathetic neurons in the
      rat interscapular brown fat-pad: long adrenergic neurons with cell bodies located
      in the paraspinal ganglia and short adrenergic neurons with cell bodies located
      within the pad itself. The present studies examine 1) the uptake of
      [3H]norepinephrine by these neurons, 2) the effect of serotonin on release of the
      catecholamine, and 3) the metabolic action of serotonin on brown fat.
      [3H]norepinephrine uptake from the medium in which brown fat slices are incubated
      is linear with time up to 90 min. This uptake is blocked by both cocaine and
      imipramine. As these drugs block uptake by sympathetic neurons, the
      [3H]norepinephrine is probably taken up by neurons and not by some other cell in
      the pad. Serotonin creatinine sulfate, but not creatinine sulfate, promotes the
      release of the catecholamine from these neurons. Serotonin also exerts a
      norepinephrine-like metabolic effect on slices of normal brown fat. It stimulates
      lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis. Serotonin has no effect on isolated brown fat
      cells or on slices of reserpinized tissue. It also does not potentiate the action
      of norepinephrine on these last two preparations. Therefore serotonin's action on
      brown fat is mediated by norepinephrine-containing stromal cells. The data
      suggest that the rat brown fat-pad has sympathetic neurons that can take up
      norepinephrine and that serotonin exerts its metabolic effect by stimulating the
      release of norepinephrine from these neurons.

PMID- 961870
TI  - Effect of insulin on canalicular bile formation.
AB  - Mongrel dogs were prepared by cholecystectomy, ligation of the lesser pancreatic
      duct, and insertion of gastric and duodenal cannulas. The common bile duct was
      cannulated through the duodenal fistula. After bile flow had been stabilized by
      intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate the dogs were given an intravenous
      injection of insulin or 0.9% NaCl (control). Insulin caused marked increases in
      bile flow, chloride output, and biliary clearance of erythritol and small
      increases in bicarbonate output and bile salt output. The increased erythritol
      clearance indicates that canalicular secretion contributes to insulin choleresis
      in dogs.

PMID- 961871
TI  - Effect of potassium on ammoniagenesis by renal mitochondria.
AB  - Ammonia production by rat renal cortical mitochondria was studied with both in
      vivo and in vitro manipulation of potassium to further elucidate the mechanisms
      relating potassium homeostasis and renal ammonia production. Mitochondria from
      potassium-depleted animals demonstrated an increase in ammonia production at all
      glutamine concentrations studied, which ranged from 0.5 to 10 mM. This increase
      in ammoniagenesis compared favorably in degree of change with and was of
      sufficient absolute magnitude to entirely account for the findings observed both
      in renal cortical slices studied in vitro and in the intact animal. When rotenone
      is added to the medium, increased ammoniagenesis is still detected, indicating
      that either glutamine entry into the mitochondria and/or the activity of
      phosphate-dependent glutaminase are critical rate-controlling steps. In contrast
      to studies with renal slices, a decrease in ammonia production was not apparent
      with cortical mitochondria from chronically potassium-loaded animals. In vitro
      alterations of the potassium homeostasis. Therefore, these experimental
      manipulations either do not activate an effector mechanism which takes place in
      vivo, or the alteration in ammoniagenesis requires an adaptation over time that
      is not achieved with this in vitro approach.

PMID- 961872
TI  - Mineralocorticoid activity of 18-OH-DOC and DOCA in dogs with an aortic-caval
      fistula.
AB  - The mineralocorticoid activity of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) was
      measured during chronic electrolyte balance studies or during the postprandial
      increase in electrolyte excretion in conscious dogs with an aortic-caval fistula.
      In the chronic balance study, daily doses of DOCA and 18-OH-DOC ranging from 1 to
      25 mg were administered intramuscularly for 3 consecutive days each, 6 h prior to
      feeding. For the postprandial study, 2-10 mg of DOCA and 18-OH-DOC were
      administered at feeding and postprandial electrolyte excretion was measured
      hourly for 6 h. Sodium and fluid retention in the dogs with an aortic-caval
      fistula was related to the dose of mineralocorticoid administered and equivalent
      sodium-retaining responses were achieved with 6-10 times more 18-OH-DOC than
      DOCA. Rapid absorption of both steroids was suggested from the postprandial
      measurements of urinary sodium excretion. Slight potassium retention occurred
      during the chronic administration of large doses of DOCA but the postprandial
      potassium responses produced by the steroids were variable and suggested a slight
      kaliuresis. The data also emphasize the importance of mineralocorticoids in
      sodium retention and ascites formation in this experimental model of high-output
      heart failure.

PMID- 961873
TI  - Effects of digitalis and calcium on papillary muscles in normal and hypoxic
      states.
AB  - The effects of digoxin and ouabain in 2.5 and 4.0 mM extracellular calcium were
      studied in well-oxygenated and hypoxic isolated, isometrically contracting cat
      papillary muscles. Muscle digoxin content was measured at the conclusion of the
      digoxin experiments. In the well-oxygenated environment muscles in the higher Ca
      bathing media reached peak glycoside inotropic effect sooner and contained 2.7
      times more digoxin. During hypoxia and reoxygenation muscles contracting with
      glycosides performed no differently than those without a glycoside present.
      Muscle digoxin content was lowered at the end of hypoxia (P less than 0.05) in
      2.5 mM Ca; after reoxygenation digoxin content was significantly greater than
      either before or after hypoxia (P less than 0.001). Hypoxic depression of muscle
      performance was attenuated in 4.0 mM Ca but muscles in 2.5 mM Ca showed greater
      improvement during reoxygenation even though the muscles in 4.0 mM Ca had
      significantly greater digoxin content at the end of reoxygenation (P less than
      0.02). It therefore is concluded that, although altered extracellular calcium can
      alter performance during hypoxia and reoxygenation, muscle performance is not
      aided by the presence of digitalis and under these conditions performance cannot
      be correlated with muscle digoxin levels.

PMID- 961874
TI  - Suppressive effect of endotoxin on erythropietin-responsive cells in mice.
AB  - Infection may be associated with failure of erythropoiesis, and endotoxin has
      been shown to cause a decrease in the number of erythroid cells in the marrow of
      mice. We have investigated the effect of endotoxin on erythropoiesis in BDF1 mice
      by studying its effect on the incorporation of intravenously administered 59Fe
      into peripheral red cells. In normal mice the injection of endotoxin 2 and 3 days
      prior to the administration of 59Fe results in suppression of its incorporation
      into red cells. In exhypoxic polycythemic mice, endotoxin suppresses the response
      to erythropoietin injection when the endotoxin is given prior to or at the same
      time as the erythropoietin. This effect is much less marked when endotoxin is
      given after erythropoietin. We conclude that endotoxin either 1) impairs the
      function of erythropoietin-responsive cells, 2) competively decreases erythroid
      progenitors by stimulating granulocytes, or 3) inactivates erythropoietin.

PMID- 961875
TI  - Digestion of tripeptides and disaccharides: relationship with brush border
      hydrolases.
AB  - Intestinal digestion of two tripeptides (leucyl-glycyl-glycine, prolyl-glycyl
      glycine) and two disacchrarides (sucrose, maltose) was examined in the hamster by
      intestinal perfusion in vivo and hydrolysis of the substrates by microvillus
      membranes. Perfusion studies showed that luminal disappearance rates of leucyl
      glycl-glycine were significantly higher than prolyl-glycyl-glycine (P less than
      o.001), sucrose (P less than 0.001), and maltose (P less than 0.005). Hydrolytic
      products of leucyl-glycyl-glycine, sucrose, and maltose were detected in the gut
      lumen in appreciable concentrations, whereas negligible concentrations of prolyl
      glycyl-glycine products were present. Leucyl-glycyl-glycine hydrolysis in
      microvillus membranes was markedly higher than prolyl-glycyl-glycine (P less than
      0.001), which was predominant in the cytoplasmic fraction. These results indicate
      that leucyl-glycyl-glycine, like sucrose and maltose, is hydrolyzed at the
      membrane. With some tripeptides, i.e., leucyl-glycyl-glycine, digestion occurs at
      the microvillus membrane with subsequent transport of hydrolytic products into
      the intestinal epithelial cell. Other tripeptides, i.e., prolyl-glycyl-glycine,
      may cross the membrane and undergo intracellular hydrolysis by cytoplasmic
      peptidases.

PMID- 961876
TI  - Renal handling of [(14)C]mannose.
AB  - The uptake of D-[(14)C]mannose by adult rat kidney cortex slices has been
      examined. The process involved appeared to be saturable and oxygen dependent and
      to be inhibited by glucose, galactose, chi-methyl-D-glucoside, and phlorizin.
      Extensive metabolism of the sugar occurred. (14)CO(2) was produced to an extent
      comparable to that from D-glucose. Radioactive compounds accumulated in the
      tissue, approximately 50% of which were in the form of phosphorylated or other
      polar intermediates. The remaining neutral fraction consisted of mannose with a
      small amount of label in glucose and an unidentified compound which behaves like
      an alditol. Mannose concentration in the intracellular fluid was never greater
      than that of the medium.

PMID- 961877
TI  - Oral contraceptives, norethindrone and mestranol: effects on tissue levels of
      minerals.
AB  - The study involved three levels of dietary zinc (deficient, marginal, and
      adequate) and four hormonal conditions; namely, no steriods, norethindrone,
      mestranol, and norethindrone plus mestranol. The steroids were incorporated into
      diets and fed to 11-wk-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. After 10 wk of treatment,
      various tissues were excised for mineral assays by atomic-absorption
      spectrophotometry. Both steroids, reduced weight gain. Mestranol depressed plasma
      zinc, tibia copper and magnesium, and liver iron, but elevated the zinc levels in
      liver and erythrocytes, plasma copper, liver magnesium and calcium, and iron
      content of tibia and heart. In general, the effect was most prominent with
      adequate zinc but diminished in magnitude with the reduction of zinc intake. In
      addition, norethindrone increased heart iron and tibia calcium. Mestranol
      appeared to be the main causative factor and may have induced a possible shift of
      minerals from one pool to another. As expected, zinc deficiency resulted in the
      reduction of zinc concentrations of plasma, tibia, kidney, and pancreas, and the
      elevation of copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium concentrations of various
      tissues.

PMID- 961878
TI  - Permeability of renal peritubular capillaries to neutral dextrans dextrans and
      endogenous albumin.
AB  - Renal lymph-to-renal vein concentration ratios (CL/CV) for neutral dextrans (18
      42 A effective radii) and endogenous serum albumin were measured in rats before
      and during acute colume expansion with isoncotic plasma or Ringer solution. Under
      all conditions studied, CL/CV decreased with increasing dextran size, in normal
      hydropenia falling from 0.93 +/- 0.03 SE at 18 A to 0.24 +/- 0.02 a 42 A (n =
      12). Albumin (36 A pradius) behaved in a manner similar to a 40 A dextran, CL/CV
      averaging 0.33 +/- 0.03 (n = 12) in hydropenia. For all dextran sizes studied and
      for albumin, CL/CV decreased markedly during either form of volume expansion.
      Ringer loading produced significantly greater decreases in CL/CV for the larger
      dextrans and albumin than did plasma loading, and also resulted in much greater
      increases in renal lymph flow, while causing increases in whole kidney fluid
      reabsorption similar to those with plasma loading. With a compartmental model in
      which diffusion of dextrans and albumin from capillary lumen to interstitium is
      opposed by capillary uptake of tubule reabsorbate, these results are interpreted
      to indicate that connective reflection coefficients for dextrans with radii great
      than or equal to 36 A and albumin are essentially equal to 1. Indirect evidence
      is therefore provided that albumin and the larger globulins exert their full
      osmotic pressures across the walls of peritubular capillaries.

PMID- 961879
TI  - Hepatic venous compliance and role of liver as a blood reservoir.
AB  - Changes in hepatic blood volume in response to rapid elevations in hepatic venous
      pressure were examined in cats using hepatic plethysmography. The liver was
      intact and received blood from an intact portal vein and hepatic artery. The
      hepatic blood volume increased in response to elevated venous pressure.
      Compliance of the hepatic capacitance vessels became greater as the distending
      venous pressure was increased over the range of venous pressures studied (0-9.4
      mmHg). When hepatic venous pressure was elevated to 9.4 MMHg, the hepatic blood
      volume more than doubled. The liver serves as an important buffer for rapid
      changes in blood volume, the importance increasing with greater infused volumes
      of fluid. While overall venous compliance decreased at distending pressures in
      excess of 5-6 mmHg, the compliance of the hepatic capacitance vessels shows
      marked increases at pressures above this level. Expansions of the blood volume
      results in elevations of central venous pressure. Within a few minutes the
      hepatic capacitance vessels sequester a significant proportion of the added
      volume. As long as central venous pressure is raised, the liver demonstrates a
      secondary fluid buffering role by filtering large volumes of fluid across the
      vascular bed into the peritoneum.

PMID- 961880
TI  - Sympathetic nervous control of cat ileocecal sphincter.
AB  - A perfusion method was designed in order to investigate that effects of
      stimulation of the splanchnic and lumbar colonic nerves on the ileocecal
      sphincter (ICS) of the cat. Splanchnic and lumbar colonic nerve stimulation at
      physiological frequencies, i.e., below 10-12 impulses/s, elicited a contraction
      of the sphincter concomitant with an inhibition of the motility of the adjacent
      parts of the small and large intestines. It is concluded that the splanchinc and
      lumbar colonic nerves contract the ICS by a direct effect on the sphincter and
      not via a contraction of the intestine surrounding the sphincter. Guanethidine
      and phenoxybenzamine but not propranolol blocked the contraction of the ICS. It
      is suggested that the splanchnic and lumbar colonic nerves control the sphincter
      via an alpha-adrenergic mechanism. Inhibitory fibers within the splanchnic or
      lumbar colonic nerves to the ICS were not found. The excitatory in the ICS
      elicited by adrenaline, nor-adrenaline, or phyenylephrine infusion was completely
      blocked by phenoxybenzamine. Propranolol did not block the effect on ICS of these
      drugs. On the contrary, an augmented response could be shown, indicating
      unmasking of an excitatory alpha-receptor response by blockade of inhibitory beta
      receptors. Further support for these inhibitory beta-receptors was provided by
      the finding that isoprenaline had a relaxing effect on the sphincteric muscle, an
      effect that was blocked by propranolol. In order to block the inhibitory effect
      on the small and large intestine elicited by splanchnic and lumbar colonic nerve
      stimulation, both phenoxybenzamine and propranolol had to be administered.

PMID- 961881
TI  - An examination of transcapillary water flux in renal inner medulla.
AB  - We recently demonstrated that net fluid uptake occurs in the capillary system of
      the inner medulla. To define the site of fluid uptake, the concentration of
      protein was determined in plasma from descending vasa recta at the base and tip
      of the exposed papilla in Munich-Wister rats. The vasa recta plasma-to-arterial
      plasma protein concentration ratio (VR/P) was 1.43 +/- 0.09 at the base and 1.66
      +/- 0.09 at the tip. These results, which indicate fluid loss from the descending
      vasa recta, are difficult to explain on the basic of hydraulic and oncotic forces
      alone. The osmolality of the contents of descending vasa recta increased between
      base and tip (delta = 72 +/- 30 mosmol/kg H2O). If the increase in osmolality of
      plasma in descending vasa recta lags behind that of the adjacent medullary
      interstitium, a transcapillary osmotic driving force exists favoring water loss
      from descending vessels. It is concluded that fluid uptake by the inner medullary
      circulation occurs beyond descending vasa recta in interconnecting capillaries or
      ascending vasa recta. In our view the most likely interpretation of these results
      is that fluid movement across vasa recta in the inner medulla is influenced by
      three forces: those owing to transcapillary differences in osmotic, oncotic, and
      hydraulic pressures.

PMID- 961882
TI  - Role of sinoatrial ring bundle in internodal conduction.
AB  - The role of the sinoatrial ring bundle (SARB) in internodal conduction was
      examined by the microelectrode technique in excised rabbit hearts. The spread of
      the sinus impluse to the surrounding tissues was shown to proceed anteriorly
      toward the right branch of the crista terminalis significantly faster than toward
      the other direction. Thus the right SARB and the right branch of the crista
      terminalis close to the sinus node were the earliest areas excited by the sinus
      impulse in the areas surrounding the sinus node. It was further shown that the
      activation sequence does not initiate from the right SARB to the right branch of
      the crista terminalis via the junction of these two structures. Cutting the SARB
      did not produce any delay in conduction from the sinus node to the
      atrioventricular (AV) node. The conduction velocity measured at the endocardial
      surface by two microelectrodes has proved that conduction in the crista
      terminalis was significantly faster than in the SARB. The upstroke of the action
      potential from the crista terminalis was also steeper than that from the SARB.
      These results suggest that the SARB is not the main route for impulse propagation
      from the sinus node to the AV node; the fastest internodal conduction therefore
      takes place with wide wave fronts, along the crista terminalis.

PMID- 961883
TI  - Renal excretion of urate in mongrel and Dalmatian dogs: a micropuncture study.
AB  - Free-low micropunction experiments were performed in mongrel dogs and in
      Dalmatian coach hounds infused with urate to obtain Purate levels of 0.15-0.21 mM
      before and during the infusion of pyrazinioc acid (PZA). In the absence of PZA,
      mongrel dogs excreted approximately 50% and Dalmatians 140% of filtered loads of
      urate. In mongrel dogs net reabsorption occurred only in the proximal convoluted
      tubules. PZA enhanced net proximal reabsorption and revealed the occurrence of
      proximal secretion, whereas fractional urate excretion in the urine decreased
      only slightly. In Dalmation dogs urate fluxes across walls of proximal convoluted
      tubules resulted in either net reabsorption or net secretion, with no mean
      change. Net urate secretion occurred between superficial late-proximal and early
      distal tubules, and considerably decreased fractional excretion of urate. The
      renal handling of PZA was similar in mongrel and in Dalmatian dogs.

PMID- 961884
TI  - Left ventricular force-length relations of isovolumic and ejecting contractions.
AB  - To determine the interrelationships between ejecting and isovolumic force-length
      relations and the extent to which the left ventricle will shorten, data obtained
      in 27 isolated, servo-regulated hearts were examined. For each heart a series of
      contractions, variably loaded (delta L) were derived for a thickwalled sphere and
      normalized by the cross-sectional area of muscle and length at zero end-diastolic
      pressure. It was found that within the physiological range examined total and
      active force were essentially a linear function of initial L with respective
      increments or reductions in slope produced by positive or negative shifts in
      contractile state. The force-L relations obtained isovolumically and at end
      ejection were virtually identical. For a given ejection pressure, end-systolic L
      was constant, despite variations in filling and therefore independent of initial
      L and deltaL; moreover, the L to which the ventricle shortened was determined by
      the course of the systolic force L-relation. Thus, irrespective of loading, delta
      L occurs within the confines of the contractile state-dependent isovolumic force
      L relation and where the latter is equivalent to the end-systolic force-length
      relation.

PMID- 961885
TI  - Fibrin-induced release of platelet serotonin.
AB  - Human platelets were reacted with polymerized fibrin formed from human
      fibrinogen. The platelets adhered to the fibrin particles and this adhesion was
      followed by the release of serotonin from prelabeled platelets. The adhesion of
      platelets to fibrin was not inhibited by adenosine or prostaglandin E1. However,
      the subsequent Ca2+-dependent release of platelet serotonin was completely
      inhibited by these compounds. After the initial platelet-fibrin interaction, ADP
      and serotonin released from activated platelets may lead to additional platelet
      aggregation and release. Therefore, in addition to clot stabilization, fibrin
      serves as an initiator of the platelet release reaction. This in turn initiates
      the self-amplifying process of platelet aggregation.

PMID- 961886
TI  - Lactate production in isolated perfused rat lung.
AB  - The ability of the isolated perfused rat lung to produce lactate under aerobic
      and hypoxic conditions has been studied. The lung has been found capable of
      producing lactate at a rate of 53 mumol/g dry wt per h in the presence of as
      great as 1 mM extracellular lactate under aerobic conditions. Essentially 100% of
      the lactate synthesized was derived from [U-14C]glucose. When hypoxic, the rate
      of lactate production doubled, but only 60% was found to be derived from [U
      14C]glucose. When the perfused lung was exposed to aerobic conditions following
      hypoxia, it was found that lactate production did not decrease. However, lactate
      production from [U-14C]glucose did increase. It is concluded that lung tissue
      possesses a high rate of lactate production under aerobic contitions from glucose
      in comparison to glucose oxidation to CO2. When the lung is hypoxic, lactate
      production increases as a probable result of amino acid catabolism with little
      anaerobic energy production occurring. The effect of hypoxia was not reversed
      within the duration of the performed experiments.

PMID- 961887
TI  - Glucagon, insulin, and gluconeogenesis in fasted odd carbon fatty acid-enriched
      rats.
AB  - Forty-eight male rats were fed a nutritionally complete diet containing 30% of
      dietary energy as fat. For 24 animals (control) the fat source was corn oil, for
      the remaining 24 rats (experimental) the fat source was a triundecanoin-corn oil
      mixture (7:3, wt/wt). After 6 wk, groups of control and experimental rats were
      killed after 0, 24, and 48 h of fasting. In the experimental group, adipose
      tissue fatty acids contained, on average, 280 mmol undecanoate/mol fatty acid. In
      the control group, no odd-numbered fatty acids were present. During fasting, the
      experimental groups had higher plasma glucose and alanine levels, higher plasma
      insulin-to-glucagon ration, and lower liver phosphenol pyruvate caboxykinase. The
      results suggest that the terminal propionate residues generated when odd carbon
      fatty acids are oxidized become gluconeogenic precursors and cause a reduced need
      for gluconeogenesis from protein.

PMID- 961888
TI  - Renal urate excretion at various plasma concentrations in the rat: a free-flow
      micropuncture study.
AB  - Free-flow micropuncture experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats
      undergoing moderate mannitol diuresis and infused with urate-containing
      solutions. The resulting plasma urate concentrations ranged from 37.5 +/- 2.4 to
      601.2 +/- 23.8 muM. With urate loading, the fraction of filtered urate excreted
      in pelvic urine increased from 0.32 +/- 0.02 to 0.92 +/- 0.05 mu M, but net
      secretion was not observed. At normal urate levels net reabsorption occurred
      along superficial proximal tubules, whereas net secretion could be demonstrated
      at the highest plasma urate levels. Net movements of urate did not appear to
      occur across the walls of the lower segments of nephrons.

PMID- 961889
TI  - Time course of ureteral changes with obstruction.
AB  - Chronic obstruction is characterized by a marked degree of ureteral dilatation
      and tortuosity which develops in the presence of a relatively low intraluminal
      pressure. To define the mechanism for the development of this relationship,  the
      pressure-tension-deformation relationships of acute and chronically obstructed
      ureters were investigated. Rabbit ureters, in vivo, were obstructed and
      deformation correlated with intraluminal pressure. During the initial 3 h of
      obstruction, ureteral resting pressure increased from approximately 0 to 42 cm
      H2O, and diameter increased 16% with a slight increase in length. Subsequently,
      average wall tension (tensile stress) and intraluminal pressure declined,
      although deformation persisted. Between 6 h and 8 days after the onset of
      obstruction, intraluminal pressure remained essentially unchanged. During this
      time interval, ureteral deformation continued gradually and progressively as the
      ureter underwent creep both circumferentially and longitudinally. This was
      associated with a marked increase in average wall tension. At 8 days the diameter
      had increased by 170% and the length by 25%.

PMID- 961890
TI  - Biliary excretion of dye in dogs infused with BSP or its glutathione conjugate.
AB  - A comparison of the maximal rates of biliary excretion (Tm), of dye in dogs
      infused with either BSP or its glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH) was carried out.
      Tm was much higher when BSP-GSH rather than BSP was infused. This was accounted
      for by a significantly higher concentration of dye in bile of dogs receiving BSP
      GSH. Evidence is presented that BSP and its conjugated metabolites compete for a
      common transport carrier and that BSP disproportionately depresses the biliary
      excretion of conjugated dye compounds. This latter observation accounts for the
      depressed dye Tm found during infusion of BSP. Choleresis invariably accompanied
      dye excretion. When BSP-GSH was infused, enhanced bile flow could be accounted
      for by the predicted osmotic activity of dye transported into bile. By contrast,
      the choleresis measured during infusion of BSP was significantly greater than
      that predicted. An additional mechanism for choleresis is operative, therefore,
      when unconjugated BSP is infused. Administration of taurocholate enhanced dye Tm
      when BSP-GSH was infused. Since increments of canalicular bile flow induced by
      theophylline and glucagon did not enhance dye excretion into bile, this effect by
      taurocholate appears to be related to taurocholate excretion per se rather than
      to the enhanced canalicular bile flow which accompanies its excretion.

PMID- 961891
TI  - Vitamin K2 absorption by rat everted small intestinal sacs.
AB  - Small intestinal absorption of vitamin K2 was investigated in vitro. Experiments
      with increasing concentrations of the vitamin up to 900 nM revealed linerity
      between the concentration and the rate of absorption (r = 0.99). Addition of
      metabolic uncouplers and inhibitors such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium azide, and
      potassium cyanide did not decrease the rate of absorption of the vitamin (P less
      than 0.05). Absorption rate of the vitamin increased when taurocholate was
      replaced by a nonionic detergent, Pluronic F-68. The addition of butyric and
      octanoic acids to the incubation solution caused an increase in the absorption
      rate of vitamin K2. No change in the absorption of the vitamin occurred in the
      presence of oleic and linoleic acid. Addition to vitamins K1 and K3 to the
      incubation solution did not change the rate of vitamin K2 absorption. These
      findings suggest that vitamin K2 is absorbed by the small bowel by a passive
      noncarrier-mediated diffusion process. The rate of diffusion varied when the
      lipid and bile salt composition of the incubation solution was modified. Distal
      intestinal absorption of vitamin K from bacterial sources coupled with colonic
      absorption of the vitamin may be the major constant source of vitamin K in
      mammals.

PMID- 961892
TI  - Effects of norepinephrine on mechanics of arteries in vitro.
AB  - The effects of smooth muscle activation on the pressure dependence of arterial
      wall characteristic impedance were studied with isolated segments of canine iliac
      and carotid arteries. Measurements of external diameter and transmural pressure
      were made before and after activation of the arterial smooth muscle (SM) by
      norepinephrine (NE) in concentrations of 0.5 and 5 mug/ml and used to compute
      values of characteristic impedance (Z0). In the absence of SM tone, values of Z0
      for both arterial sites increased monotonically with transmural pressure. For the
      larger [NE], values of ZO exhibited a minimum at pressures of the order of 125
      mmHg and increased for both larger and smaller values of pressure, For the
      smaller [NE], values of Z0 showed a similar pressure dependence but with a
      broader minimum. It is concluded that the previously demonstrated constancy of
      vascular impedance with changes in arterial pressure is at least the result of
      the presence of a tonic level of SM activation in conduit arteries.

PMID- 961893
TI  - Degradation of prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha by the canine liver.
AB  - Degradation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) by the liver was
      determined in 16 dogs. PGE2 (8 dogs) or PGF2 alpha (8 dogs) was infused into the
      left ventricle at rates of 3.75, 7.5, 15, 37.5, and 75 mug/min. Blood samples
      obtained simultaneously from the portal vein (PV), hepatic vein (HV), and
      abdominal inferior vena cava (IVC) at each infusion rate were tested for PGE or
      PGF concentration by radioimmunoassy. During PGE2 infusion the mean PGE
      concentrations in the PV were 0.60, 1.05, 1.40, 2.29, 4.80, and 7.29 ng/ml at
      each infusion rate, Corresponding concentrations in the HV were 0.51, 0.62, 0.71,
      0.96, 1.94, and 2.62 ng/ml, and in the IVC 0.51, 0.95, 1.31, 1.96, 4.31, AND 5;18
      NG/ML. During PGF2 alpha infusion, the mean PGF concentrations in the PV were
      0.32, 0.59, 0.73, 1.73, 4.11, and 7.11 ng/ml at the respective infusion rates;
      Corresponding concentrations in the HV were 0.26, 0.24, 0.33, 0.48, 0.49, and
      0.96 ng/ml, and in the IVC 0.32, 0.50, 0.61, 1.10, 2.40, and 4.17 ng/ml. Thus,
      these data indicate that the canine liver has substantial, but not unlimited,
      capacity for degradation of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in the portal circulation.
      Whether or not PGE or PGF levels in the PV may exceed this capacity during
      periods of stress or whether this enzymatic mechanism may be suppressed by either
      physiological or pharmacological factors is not known.

PMID- 961894
TI  - Responses of abdominal vascular capacitance to stimulation of splachnic nerves.
AB  - In chloralose-anesthetized dogs the abdominal circulation was vascularly isolated
      without opening the abdominal cavity. The region was perfused at constant flow
      through the aorta and drained at constant pressure from the inferior vena cava.
      Changes in resistance were calculated from changes in perfusion pressure and
      changes in capacitance were calculated by integrating changes in venous outflow.
      Stimulation of both splanchnic nerves at 20 Hz increased resistance by 135% and
      reduced capacitance by 7.20 ml kg-1. The capacitance responses at 1 and 2 Hz
      (3.42 and 5.43 ml kg-1) were 48 and 67% of the responses at 20 Hz, However, the
      resistance responses at 1 and 2 Hz (14 and 31% increase) were only 12 and 26% of
      the responses at 20 Hz. After occlusion of the splenic pedicle, capacitance
      responses were reduced by about 40%. Although changes in inferior vena caval
      pressure changed the volume of blood in the abdomen by 0.92 ml kg-1 cmH2O-1, the
      responses to stimulation were relatively constant in any one animal at constant
      venous pressures between 5 and 15 cmH2O.

PMID- 961895
TI  - Effects of food deprivation on protein synthesis and degradation in rat skeletal
      muscles.
AB  - The effects of food deprivation on protein turnover in rat soleus and extensor
      digitorum longus (EDL) were investigated. Muscles were removed from fed or fasted
      growing rats, and protein synthesis and breakdown were measured during incubation
      in vitro. Rates of synthesis and degradation were higher in the dark soleus than
      in the pale EDL. One day after food removal protein synthesis and RNA content in
      the EDL decreased. On the 2nd day of fasting, rates of protein catabolism in this
      muscle increased. Little or no change in synthesis and degradation occurred in
      the soleus. Consequently, during fasting the soleus lost much less weight than
      the EDL and other rat muscles. In unsupplemented buffer or in medium containing
      amino acids, glucose, and insulin, the muscles of fasted rats showed a lower rate
      of protein synthesis expressed per milligram of tissue but not per microgram of
      RNA. Thus the decrease in muscle RNA on fasting was responsible for the reduced
      synthesis observed under controlled in vitro conditions. In vivo the reduction in
      muscle protein synthesis on fasting results both from a lower RNA content and
      lower rate of synthesis per microgram of RNA. Reduced supply of glucose, insulin,
      and amino acids may account for the lower rate of synthesis per microgram of RNA
      demonstrable in vivo.

PMID- 961896
TI  - Short-range stiffness of slow fibers and twitch fibers in reptilian muscle.
AB  - The semitendinous muscle of the lizard Tilique contains both slow and twitch
      fibers; by subdivision of its motor nerve, fibers of each type may be stimulated
      separately. When, during repetitive stimulation of nerve filaments, the muscle
      was lengthened or shortened, the tension changes included an initial short-range
      stiffness, followed by a later compliance. With increasing velocities of
      movement, the short-range stiffness increased toward a limiting value. For slow
      fibers this limiting value was reached with lower velocities of movement than for
      the twitch fibers. Provided that the same velocity of movement was used and the
      movements began from similar initial isometric tensions, the slow fibers resisted
      the movements with a greater stiffness than the twitch fibers. It is suggested
      that not all of the observed differences between the two fiber types can be
      interpreted simply in terms of differences in rates of formation and breakdown of
      cross-links.

PMID- 961897
TI  - Integration of the cardiovagal mechanism in the medulla oblongata of the cat.
AB  - The central cardiovagal mechanism of the medulla oblongata was explored by
      stimulation and ablation techniques in the anesthetized cat. Insertion of an
      electrode into the nucleus solitarius (NS) occassionally evoked slight and
      transient bradycardia, but similar mechanical irritation to the nucleus ambiguus
      (NA) usually evoked prolonged and intense bradycardia. Electrical stimulation of
      the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DNV) produced no or little bradycardia.
      Stimulation of NS and NA consistently produced cardiac slowing with a latency of
      less than 2 s and the effect was more prominent in the NA. Contralateral vagotomy
      did not significantly affect the bradycardia on the NS and NA stimulation but
      ipsilateral vagotomy caused a complete abolition. Lesions of the NA or DNV
      largely or completely abolished the bradycardia consequent to NS stimulation.
      Extensive destruction of the NS and/or DNV did not affect the bradycardia
      resulting from NA stimulation. Destruction of the ventral midline area partially
      reduced th bradycardia on NS STIMULATION BY 36-54%. The results suggest that the
      sequence of the three vagal nuclei for cardiac inhibition runs in the following
      order: NS, DNV, and NA. Synaptic connections are probably scanty in the DNV. Part
      of the vagal pathway passes through the ventral midline area before it reaches
      the NA. A scheme of the neural pathway for reflex bradycardia of vagal origin has
      been proposed.

PMID- 961898
TI  - Gastrointestinal metabolism of cadmium in experimental iron deficiency;.
AB  - The average gastrointestinal uptake 4 h after an intragastric dose of 400 nmol of
      cadmium chloride labeled with 109CdCl2 in iron-deficient mice, 25%, was
      significantly greater than the result, 16%, in iron-normal animals, and more
      cadmium entered the body of the former, 3.8%, than the latter, 2% (P less than
      0.05). Between 4 and 72 h, gastrointestinal radioactivity declined without
      further increase in body activity; however, more radiocadmium remained in the
      duodenum of iron-deficient than iron-normal animals (P less than 0.05). The
      radiocadmium sequestered in the duodenum was bound to a protein with a molecular
      weight of about 12,000. After subcutaneous injection of radiocadmium, the rate of
      excretion of radioactivity from the body was similar in iron-normal and iron
      deficient mice; however, a greater proportion of the injected dose accumulated in
      the duodenum of the iron-deficient animals (P less than 0.05). Thus, the
      intestinal adapative response to iron deficiency may enhance cadmium toxicity,
      whereas sequestration and subsequent excretion of cadmium by the intestinal
      mucosa serves to protect the body against toxic effects. The duodenum,
      particularly in iron-deficient mice, is especially vulnerable to the toxic
      effects of cadmium.

PMID- 961899
TI  - Micropuncture studies of glucose transport in the dog: mechanism of renal
      glycosuria.
AB  - Clearance and micropuncture studies were performed in 23 dogs without glucose
      loading to examine the tubule mechanism of renal glycosuria. Studies were carried
      out in three groups of animals before and after 10% extracellular volume
      expansion, and administration of maleic acid in low dose at 150 mumol/kg and in
      high dose at 300 mumol/kg. Specific hexokinase methods were used for the
      determination of glucose in tubule fluid and urine. Under control conditios,
      glucose reabsorption occurred predominantly in the proximal tubule. In all three
      groups, proximal tubule reabsorption of both sodium and glucose was inhibited in
      the second phase, showing a good correlation between the two. In contrast,
      fractional urinary glucose excretion remained unchanged after volume expansion
      and low-dose maleic acid, indicating reabsorption of virtually all the increased
      glucose load at a further "distal" site. On the other hand, significant
      glycosuria developed after high-dose maleic acid that was a result of reduced
      glucose reabsorption in the distal nephron, in addition to the proximal effect.
      It was concluded that distal glucose transport plays a significant role in
      regulating urinary glucose excretion and maintains renal thershold for glucose,

PMID- 961900
TI  - Protein metabolism in burned rats.
AB  - Incorporation of [2-14C]glycine was used to estimate serum protein synthesis in
      four groups of rats. These were the control (group C); 20% body surface burn
      (group B); 20% burn, seeded with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (group BI); and burned
      infected treated topically with mafenide (alpha-amino-p-toluenesulfonamide)
      acetate (group BIS), a treatment which controls P, aeruginosa burn-wound
      infection in humans. On the 6th day postburn the relative specific activities of
      all fractions were increased in the order BI greater than BIS greater than B
      greater than C, as were the concentrations of the globulins; Serum albumin
      concentration fell, being lowest in BI. Tissue albumin contents, measured by
      radioimmunoassay, of eviscerated blood-free bodies of rats were (mg/100 g rat
      wt): C, 207; B, 294; BI, 256. Analyses of individual tissues showed that the
      difference was due to increased albumin content in the burn-wound area. The
      tissue albumin was of normal molecular size and was immunologically reactive. We
      conclude that the prolonged hypoalbuminemia following burn injury is not a
      consequence of impaired albumin synthesis, but a result of altered
      compartmentation.

PMID- 961901
TI  - Cerebral circulation and norepinephrine: relevance of the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - The systemic administration of norepinephrine has minimal effects on the cerebral
      circulation, perhaps due to blood-brain barrier mechanisms. To test hypothesis,
      the cerebrovascular effects of norepinephrine beyond the blood-brain barrier were
      studied in anesthetized baboons, Intraventricular norepinephrine (40 mug/kg)
      resulted in significant increases in cerebral blood flow (40%), cerebral oxygen
      consumption (21%), and cerebral glucose uptake (153%). Intracarotid hypertonic
      urea opens the blood-brain barrier by osmotic disruption; Consequent to
      hypertonic urea, the intracarotid infusion of norepinephrine, 50 ng/kg-min,
      significantly increase cerebral blood flow (49%), cerebral oxygen consumption
      (21%), and cerebral glucose uptake (76%), It appears probable that the
      cerebrovascular responses to norepinephrine are dependent on the integrity of the
      blood-brain barrier; It is likely that the increase in cerebral blood flow,
      associated with norepinephrine when it bypasses the barrier, is secondary to an
      increase in cerebral metabolism.

PMID- 961902
TI  - Influence of endogenous norepinephrine on cerebral blood flow and metabolism.
AB  - The influence of brain norepinephrine on cerebral metabolism and blood flow was
      examined because exogenous norepinephrine, administered in a way that the blood
      brain barrier is bypassed, has been shown to effect pronounced changes in the
      cerebral circulation. Reserpine (40 mug/kg, by intracarotid infusion) was
      administered in order to release brain norepinephrine in five anesthetized
      baboons. Reserpine significantly increased cerebral oxygen consumption (23%) and
      cerebral blood flow (50%). This response lasted for approximately 60 min. In a
      further  five animals, effects of central beta-adrenoreceptor blockade were
      studied. Pro pranolol (12 mug/kg-min) produced an immediate, significant
      reduction in both cerebral oxygen consumption (40%) and cerebral glucose uptake
      (39%). Cerebral blood flow was reduced minimally. However, the responsiveness of
      the cerebral circulation to induced hypercapnia was severely attenuated from a
      gradient of 3.22 before, to 1,11 after, administration. These experiments suggest
      that central norepinephrine can influence the cerebral circulation primarily
      through noradrenergic effects on brain metabolism.

PMID- 961903
TI  - Frank-Starling relationship as an important determinant of fetal cardiac output.
AB  - The importance of the Frank-Starling mechanism was evaluated in seven chronically
      instrumented fetal lambs (128-141 days gestation). Continuous determinations of
      left ventricular (LV) internal dimensions and pressures were obtained while LV
      end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was reduced by superior vena cava occlusion and
      increased by infusion of fetal blood into left atrium. A highly significant
      relationship was found to exist between stroke volume and LV extent of shortening
      (delta D) (r = + 0.99, P less than 0.001). Altering LVEDD from 10,5 to 13mm or LV
      end-diastolic pressure from 2.5 to 8 mmHg resulted in a 68% augmentation, in
      delta D. Spontaneous respiratory efforts resulted in frequent beat-to-beat
      variations in LVEDD and delta D, which maintained cardiac output constant over a
      wide range of respiratory rates. Moreover, LV output determined by indicator
      dilution techniques remained unchanged over a wide range of spontaneous heart
      rates (114-180 beats/min) as a result of changes in delta D appropriate to
      alterations in LVEDD. Thus, changes in resting myocardial fiber length are of
      fundamental importance in fetal cardiovascular homeostasis and, within
      physiologic limits, it is quite clear that the Frank-Starling mechanism is
      operative and effective in the fetal lamb;

PMID- 961904
TI  - Ion transport and structure of urinary bladder epithelium of Amphiuma.
AB  - The urinary bladder of Amphiuma exhibits stable transport properties and an
      electrical potential difference in vitro. The lumen is significantly negative to
      the serosa and under short-circuited conditions flux rations for Na and Cl of
      5.92 +/- 0.42 and 1.81 +/- 0.20, respectively, were observed. The close agreement
      between the short-circuit current and net Na flux suggests that most, if not all,
      of the current is carried by Na. Both ouabain and amiloride decreased the short
      circuit current and the mucosal-to-serosal (M leads to S) flux of Na. Furosemide
      caused a transient increase in the M leads to S flux of Na and Cl but ADH was
      without effect. In bladders that had high transmural resistance, a net movement
      of K in the M leads to S direction under short-circuited conditions with flux
      ratios of up to 2 could be observed. The epithelium of the Amphiuma bladder
      consists of three cell types: granular cells, basal cells, and mitochondria-rich
      cells. No goblet cells are present. The mitochondria-rich cells comprise less
      than 5% of the population of the surface epithelium in Amphiuma in contrast to
      other amphibian bladders, where it accounts for up to 25% of the population.

PMID- 961905
TI  - Urate reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule of the rat kidney.
AB  - Urate reabsorption was examined in the rat utilizing clearance and in vivo
      microperfusion techniques. In control rats, the fractional excretion of urate
      averaged 12.5 +/- 1.3% of the filtered load, with 60-70% of perfused urate
      reabsorbed at 2 mm of perfused tubule length (urate efflux). Increasing the
      perfusion concentration of urate to 6, 12, and 25 mg/100 ml did not alter the
      fractional rate of reabsorption. The acute administration of chlorothiazide
      resulted in a fall in GFR and Curate such that the fractional excretion was
      unchanged from controls and averaged 13.3 +/- 2.0%, without an associated change
      in urate reabsorption from proximal perfusates despite the presence of
      significant inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption. By contrast, the chronic
      administration of chlorothiazide accompanied by a low-sodium diet resulted in a
      significantly lower fractions excretion rate of urate of 7.95 +/- 0.5% and a
      significant increase in reabsorption of sodium and water as well as urate from
      microperfusates, In control rats receiving an infusion of 5% mannitol in isotonic
      saline, urate secretion was demonstrated by the urinary precession of [2
      14C]urate from [methoxy-3H]inulin following placement of these isotopes on the
      surface of the kidney. The additional infusion of chlorothiazide did not alter
      this pattern of isotope recovery in the urine.

PMID- 961906
TI  - Influence of sympathetic nerves on oxygen uptake or resting mammalian skeletal
      muscle,.
AB  - Gracilis muscles of anesthetized dogs were isolated and perfused with blood at
      constant flow. Oxygen uptake (Vo2) was measured by spectrophotometry of paired
      arterial and venous samples and monitored by continuous recording of HbO2
      saturation. The sympathetic chain, connected to the isolated muscles, was
      stimulated electrically with supramaximal pulses. High frequencies (8-16/s)
      increased vascular resistance (R, ratio to control 1.86 +/- 0.6 SEM) and
      decreased Vo2 (0.61 +/- 0.02). Both effects could be maintained 10 min or longer.
      After stimulation there was an increase in Vo2, which could be less than equal
      to, or greater than the O2 deficit, depending on the stimulation frequency, the
      period of stimulation, and the blood flow. Low frequencies (0.5-4/s) increased R
      (1.39 +/- 0.04) and increased Vo2 during (1,18 +/- 0.03) and after stimulation.
      In several experiments there was an initial decrease in Vo2 which changed to an
      increase during the stimulation period while R remained elevated. These
      observations indicate that the decrease in Vo2 is due to closure of precapillary
      sphincters, whereas the increase is a direct effect on cell metabolism.

PMID- 961907
TI  - Noncompensation of adipose mass in partially lipectomized mice and rats.
AB  - The effects of surgical ablation of adipose tissue were studied in normal mice
      and rats. It was found that: 1) restortation of adipose tissue does not occur
      locally in epididymal fat pads of young rats. 2) Bilateral epididymal fat pad
      removal in mice disrupts the testes and causes the other fat depots to accumulate
      excess lipid, but these effects are not sustained; After a sufficient recovery
      period, testes appear normal and no excess lipid is found in the remaining
      depots; 3) Temporary enlargement of remaining depots is probably due specifically
      to epididymal pad removal. It does not occur in response to inguinal depot
      removal, nor in response to disruption of the testes alone; 4)The quantity of
      lipid stored by a rapidly growing mouse depends on the number of intact depots in
      the mouse. These results suggest that surgical removal of fat does not lead to
      compensatory growth of fat. Autoregulation of adipose tissue mass, if it occurs,
      most likely operates through detection of adipocyte size rather than adipocyte
      number or total fat mass.

PMID- 961908
TI  - Afterload-induced homeometric autoregulation in isolated cardiac muscle.
AB  - Pressure-induced homeometric autoregulation (HAR) has been demonstrated by many
      investigators in the mammalian ventricle; In isolated cardiac muscle, however,
      several investigators have reported the opposite effect (anti-HAR); namely, that
      the first beat after a transition from isotonic to isometric contraction is the
      most forceful, with a decline over several beats to a steady state. In the
      present study we find that trabeculae from the canine right ventricle demonstrate
      either HAR or anti-HAR, depending on the rate of stimulation, the calcium level,
      and the temperature. Higher calcium, higher temperature, and lower rate of
      stimulation produce either less HAR or more anti-HAR. When only temperature and
      rate of stimulation are varied, in each muscle there is a unique rate for each
      temperature above which HAR occurs and below which anti-HAR occurs.

PMID- 961909
TI  - Polyamine synthesis in liver and kidney of flounder in response to methylmercury.
AB  - The effect of methylmercury administration on polyamine synthesis was studied in
      the liver and kidney of the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). A
      single injection of methylmercury resulted in five- and sevenfold elevations of
      ornithine decarboxylase activity in the liver and kidney within 15 and 45 h,
      respectively. There were elevations of both putrescine- and spermidine-stimulated
      S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities (approximately 1.5-fold) in both
      tissues. Evaluation of the polyamine accumulation patterns in these tissues
      indicated that in the liver all three polyamines increased in concentration until
      48 h and then decline. In the kidney, the concentration of putrescine increased
      steadily until it was 200% of control at 72 h and then declined. Spermidine
      concentration decreased throughout the time studied and was 17% of control at 1
      wk. There was no significant change in the concentration of spermine throughout
      the period studied. The changes in the polyamine pools and in the activities of
      the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes after methylmercury administration are
      consistent with an involvement of the polyamines in the recovery phase to a toxic
      dose of methylmercury.

PMID- 961910
TI  - Effects of peptide hormone structure on H+ secretion by Necturus gastric mucosa.
AB  - The actions of human synthetic gastrin I(G), the C-terminal tetrapeptide of
      gastrin (T), and the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP) on acid
      secretion and transepithelial potential difference (PD) of the isolated Necturus
      gastric mucosa were determined. All three peptides induced H+ secretion, but the
      maximum H+ output was less with OP than with G or T. G and OP produced their
      maximum H+ output at lower molar concentrations than T. G- and OP-stimulated
      secretion was long sustained, but T-stimulated secretion rapidly returned to
      basal levels. T- and G-stimulated secretion was partially inhibited by the
      addition of OP. Evidence is presented that T rapidly disappears from solutions
      exposed to gastric mucosa, whereas G does not. Washing sensitized the mucosa to
      subsequent addition of T. The results suggest that the action of the common C
      terminal tetrapeptide of G, T, and OP is modified by the preceding amino acid
      sequences, and that T, the smallest of the three peptides, is rapidly degraded by
      gastric tissue in vitro. The implications of the work for the study of
      gastrointestinal hormone structure-function relationships in isolated tissue
      preparations are discussed.

PMID- 961911
TI  - Effects of potassium depletion on control of breathing in awake rats.
AB  - Possible mechanisms for the variable ventilatory response to metabolic acid-base
      disturbances have been examined in normal and K-depleted rats. Ventilatory
      measurements are correlated with CSF acid-base data. The ratios VE/VO2 and
      1/PaCO2 are utilized as indices of alveolar ventilation. The log of these indices
      correlates closely with CSF [H+] independent of [K+] except at very low CSF [H+]
      where the change in log 1/PaCO2 and log VE/VO2 per change in CSF [H+] is much
      diminished in low-K rats. This finding suggests the presence of an additional
      stimulus to breathing in the low-K rat opposing the inhibitory effect of low CSF
      [H+]. Otherwise the chemical control of ventilation appears to be normal.
      However, low-K rats always breath with a low-flight-Vt pattern and occasionally
      with abnormal rhythms. The similarity of the low K breathing pattern to that
      reported in awake animals with vagotomy and pneumotaxic center (PC) lesions
      suggests that the altered breathing pattern in depletion involves vagal and/or PC
      pathways. The similarity of the low-K breathing pattern to that observed with
      reserpine administration together with the known relationships of K and
      catecholamine metabolism lead to the speculation that K depletion alters
      breathing via an effect on central catecholamine metabolism. However, other
      mechanisms involving changes in membrane excitability and intracellular pH in K
      depletion might also be involved.

PMID- 961912
TI  - Renal responses of Australian lungfish to vasotocin, angiotensin II, and NaCl
      infusion.
AB  - The Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) responds to intravenous
      injections of 0.63 ng/kg or more of arginine vasotocin with increased dorsal
      aortic blood pressure, inulin clearance, urine flow, and tubular rejection of
      Na+. Single injections of 1 ng/kg or more of angiotensin II or norepinephrine
      also increase dorsal aortic pressure but do not cause consistent diuresis and
      natriuresis, Continuous infusions of angiotensin II or repeated injections of
      norepinephrine produce sustained hypertension and more modest diuresis and
      natriuresis than are seen after injections of arginine vasotocin that cause less
      hypertension. Infusions of isosmolar or hyposmolar NaCl solutions increase blood
      pressure, inulin clearance, urine flow, and tubular Na+ rejection in a manner
      resembling the response to argininge vasotocoin injections. These data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that arginine vasotocin is released in response to
      volume expansion in lungfishes and that it may act on the kidney as a diuretic
      and natriuretic hormone. They do not rule out a more direct action of expansion
      on renal functions.

PMID- 961913
TI  - Renal sugar transport in the winter flounder. I. Renal clearance studies.
AB  - The renal handling of several sugars was examined using clearance techniques in
      the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. The nonmetabolizable sugar
      alpha-methyl-D-glucoside was extensively reabsorbed, with consequent accumulation
      in renal tissue to nearly twice plasma concentration. Both glucose and phlorizin
      abolished reabsorption and reduced tissue-to-plasma ratios (T/P). D-Galactose was
      reabsorbed. However, the T/P for free galactose was only 0.6 (total sugar was
      1.7). Glucose and phlorizin produced only a transient decrease in reabsorption
      and no change in T/P. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose showed neither net reabsorption nore
      secretion. Nevertheless, kidney T/P were inexcess of 6 for total sugar and 1.2
      for free sugar, indicating entry through the peritubular face of the tubule.
      Neither glucose nor phlorizin altered 2-deoxy-D-glucose clearance, but both
      reduced T/P for total sugar (2.4) and free sugar (0.7). Thus, several systems
      govern the handling of these sugars at the luminal membrane of the renal tubule,
      just as has been previously demonstrated at the peritubular membrane in this
      species.

PMID- 961914
TI  - Renal sugar transport in the winter flounder. II. Galactose transport system.
AB  - The structural specificity of the transport of 0.5 mM D-galactose and 2-deoxy-D
      galactose by teased renal tubules of the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes
      americanus was investigated. The sugar uptake reflects preponderantly transport
      at the antiluminal membrane of tubular cells. Both sugars compete for the
      transport sites, indicating the sharing of a common carrier. 1) The structural
      requirements for the hexose-carrier interaction were defined by an inhibiton
      analysis using 12 structurally analogous sugars (5 mM): a (pyranose) ring
      structure; a free hydroxyl on C1; free hydroxyls (equatorial configuration) on C3
      and C4; an oxygen on C6. Close packing in the vicinity of C2 is indicated. 2)
      Consonant with the requirement of a free C1-OH, beta-methyl-D-galactoside is not
      transported 3) Increasing concentrations (0.05-0.5 mM) of phlorizin and phloretin
      inhibit sugar uptake by lowering cellular levels of phosphorylated hexoses,
      whereas the levels of free sugars are not depressed. The possibility of an
      interaction of the sugar at C1-0H with a phosphorylated group at the carrier as
      the first step in the translocation process of both hexoses across the basal
      membrane is raised.

PMID- 961915
TI  - Alanine metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the rat.
AB  - The metabolism of alanine and several other gluconegoneic substrates was studied
      in anesthtized fed and fasted rats, i.e., rats with low and high rates of
      gluconeogenesis. Glutamine was released by the hindquarter (muscle) in both
      groups, whereas lactate, pyruvate, and alanine were taken up in fed rats and were
      released during starvation. Despite this, blood levels of alanine, lactate, and
      pyruvate were diminished in fasting rats, suggesting increased extraction by
      liver. Treatment of fasted rats for 24 h with phloridzin caused glycosuria and
      secondarily led to hypoglycemia and an intensification of the chargesobserved
      with fasting, i.e., hyperketonemia, hyperglucagonemia, and increased
      gluconeogenesis (assessed by urea N excretion). Blood alanine was decreased, even
      though the release of alanine from muscle was increased. Pretreatment with
      triamcinolone and administration of exogenous alanine both attenuated the
      hypoglycemia and ketosis, It is concluded that 1) in states of heightened
      gluconeogenesis, alanine release from muscle may not keep pace with extraction by
      liver and blood alanine decreases; 2) the release of alanine, lactate, and
      pyruvate from muscle parallel each other suggesting common control factors; and
      3) in the red state muscle is an important site of lactate disposition.

PMID- 961916
TI  - Organic solutes in fluid absorption by renal proximal convoluted tubules.
AB  - Proximal convoluted tubules were dissected from rabbit kidneys and perfused with
      artificial solutions in vitro. The effect of various organic solutes on rate of
      fluid absorption and transepithelial voltage was tested by removing solutes from
      or adding them to perfusate and/or bath. Omission of albumin from the bath caused
      rate of fluid absorption to descrease 33% without any change in voltage. Omission
      of glucose, lactate, alanine, and citrate from the bath had no effect. In
      contrast, when they were removed from perfusate, rate of fluid absorption fell by
      45-75% (depending on whether they were replaced by NaCl or mannitol and NaCl),
      and voltage (normally negative in lymen) decreased to near zero. Adding glucose
      or alanine individually to perfusate caused a small increase in rate of fluid
      absorption and a relatively large increase in voltage. alpha-Methyl-D-glucoside
      and cycloleucine (which are transported but not metabolized) had effects similar
      to glucose and alanine, except that voltage changes were not as great. Phlorizin
      (10(-5) M in perfusate) had the same effect as removing glucose from perfusate.
      When glucose and alanine were added to perfusate, epithelial cell swelled
      significantly. Lactate and citrate also caused rate of fluid absorption to
      increase when they were added to perfusate, but they did not affect
      transepithelial voltage nor did they cause cells to swell significantly. Possible
      mechanisms of these effects and the role of organic solutes in fluid absorption
      by proximal convoluted tubules are discussed.

PMID- 961917
TI  - Osmotic interaction of plasma proteins with interstitial macromolecules.
AB  - The osmotic interaction of plasma proteins with collagen and hyaluronate has been
      evaluated by measuring the oncotic pressure of mixed solutions of varying
      composition. Collagen, despite its insolubility, exhibits a pronounced volume
      exclusion effect on plasma proteins, and the oncotic pressure of mixed solutions
      is considerably higher than that of the plasma protein stock solution. The volume
      exclusion of collagen on small molecules such as sucrose is negligible. A
      solution composed of 1.6% plasma proteins, 20% collagen, and .4% hyaluronate in
      Ringer solution, approximating the composition of the interstitium, was found to
      yield higher oncotic pressures than those previously reported from the
      interstitium. The probable role of impurities and degradation in the isolation
      process is discussed. Results reported earlier from in vitro and in vivo studies
      indicated that tissue oncotic pressures are considerably higher than generally
      recognized and that tissue fluid is in probable osmotic equilibrium with lymph in
      skin and muscle.

PMID- 961918
TI  - Renal tubular reabsorptive response to hypernatremia.
AB  - Renal tubular reabsorptive response to rapid infusions of isotonic saline and 5%
      NaCl solutions were measured during brisk ethacrynic acid diuresis in
      anesthetized dogs. When adjustments were made for effects of variations in volume
      expansion, as indexed by plasma protein concentration ([Pprot]), tubular
      reabsorption of sodium per unit filtrate volume (TNa/GFR) was found to be
      significantly and positively correlated with plasma sodium concentration ([PNa])
      despite hypernatremia and total body surfeit of sodium. The proportions of sodium
      and water reabsorbed were also homeostatically inappropriate, since the sodium
      concentration in the reabsorbate was somewhat in excess of that in contemporary
      plasma ultrafiltrate. These findings signify that glomerulotubular balance holds
      when the filtered load of sodium is increased by an increment in [pNa] as well as
      GFR. It is proposed that the moiety of tubular reabsorption (some 75% of GFR)
      studied here is more closely related to regulation of volume than of osmolality
      of sodium concentration, and the primary regulation exerted is on tubular volume
      reabsorption (bulk fluid reabsorption) rather than on the amount of sodium
      reabsorbed.

PMID- 961919
TI  - Subcellular membrane fatty acids of rat heart after cold acclimation or
      thyroxine.
AB  - Relative percent changes in fatty acid (FA) composition of heart mitochondria and
      microsomes from 30-day-warm-acclimated and cold-acclimated rats were determined
      by gas chromatography. Rats in both environmental groups received thyroxine (T4)
      (1 mg/kg per day) or propylthiouracil (PTU) (5 mg/rat per day) for 10 days prior
      to sacrifice. Mitochondrial total unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) decreased in
      cold-acclimated rats relative to warm-acclimated controls but not in cold
      acclimated animals receiving PTU. In mitochondria of the T4-treated warm
      acclimated group, the relative content of linoleate decreased and that of
      stearate increased. Heart microsomes from warm-acclimated rats receiving T4
      showed large increases in the percentage content of palmitate and stearate
      accompanied by reductions in linoleate and arachidonate. In cold-acclimated
      control rats, the relative content of stearate was elevated in both membrane
      fractions. The results suggested that thyroid hormones may decrease the TUFA
      composition of heart subcellular membranes by a relative increase in percent
      stearic acid and decrease in percent linoleic acid. Similar FA changes in these
      membranes in cold-acclimated rats may be related to the action of thyroid
      hormones.

PMID- 961920
TI  - The identification and treatment of adult brain dysfunction.
AB  - The authors hypothesize that adults who have had minimal brain dysfunction as
      children constitute a distinct diagnostic entity, adult brain dysfunction (ABD),
      which may exist alone or with a variety of other psychiatric syndromes. Patients
      with ABD share a basic impairment in ability to focus attention effectively; they
      may have different personality structures, symptom complexes, and behavioral
      patterns. However, with medication that corrects this impairment, remarkable
      improvement in the presenting symptoms and in the ability to work in therapy may
      occur, leading to changes in personality structure and behavior.

PMID- 961921
TI  - Reversal of tricyclic-overdosage-induced central anticholinergic syndrome by
      physostigmine.
AB  - Although there is evidence that the delirium, stupor, coma, and seizure-like
      activity seen in overdosage with tricyclic antidepressants and antiparkinson
      drugs are due to the central anticholinergic activity of these agents, patients
      with overdosage of these drugs are still frequently misdiagnosed. The authors
      present a case of reversal of anticholinergic-drug-induced prolonged coma,
      myoclonus, and choreoathetosis by physostigmine. This report supports the
      anticholinergic basis of the clinical manifestations of such overdosages,
      provides information on the role of acetylcholine and dopamine in psychiatric and
      movement disorders, and illustrates dramatically the need for accurate diagnosis
      and treatment.

PMID- 961922
TI  - Marijuana and hostility in a small-group setting.
AB  - The authors used several indices to assess the relationship between marijuana and
      hostility as both inner affect and verbal behavior in a small-group setting.
      Marijuana subjects reported a small but statistically significant decrease in
      hostile feelings after the introduction of a frustration stimulus. They also
      showed significantly less verbal hostility than placebo subjects both before and
      after introduction of a frustration stimulus. The authors note that research
      findings on marijuana and hostility are not consistent and suggest a
      multidetermined relationship based on dose, environment, nature of the
      frustration stimulus, and intraindividual factors.

PMID- 961923
TI  - The treatment of anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The authors report on their treatment of 32 young patients with severe anorexia
      nervosa who had lost an average of 37% of their original body weight. The
      therapeutic approach, conceived to meet both the physiological and the
      psychological needs of the patients, was carried out in a psychiatric unit for
      adolescents in a general hospital and involved separation of the patient from his
      or her family, treatment of the malnutrition, individually planned psychotherapy,
      and concurrent work with the family. The importance of accepting the patient's
      uniqueness, maintaining long-term contact, and encouraging the patient's striving
      toward constructive growth and autonomy is emphasized.

PMID- 961924
TI  - Neuropsychological and EEG disturbances in polydrug users.
AB  - EEG and neuropsychological evaluation of 66 polydrug users revealed that 43% had
      EEG abnormalities and 45% had neuropsychological impairment 3 weeks after
      admission to a polydrug study unit. At 5-month follow-up, 27% of 30 retested
      subjects were still impaired neuropsychologically. Impairment may be related to
      extensive involvement with sedatives, alcohol, or heavy polydrug use. The authors
      suggest that cerebral dysfunction in polydrug users might be the result of
      organicity of intermediate duration and that deficits may be experienced by some
      beyond 5 months of reduced use or abstinence. Organicity may dictate structured,
      reality-based intervention techniques, especially early in treatment.

PMID- 961925
TI  - A description and evaluation of an outpatient intensive psychotherapy center.
AB  - The intensive psychotherapy center described and evaluated in this paper is
      unique because of its intensity and the fact that available treatment modalities
      are integrated into the program. Pateints are literally immersed in therapy on a
      full-time basis for an average of 3 weeks. Assessment of the program through the
      use of questionnaires completed by 335 patients at the time of discharge showed
      significant improvement in their presenting symptoms, interpersonal
      relationships, ability to work, and general level of comfort. An 8-month follow
      up study of 171 patients revealed that this improvement was retained.

PMID- 961926
TI  - Quality-of-care standards and professional norms.
AB  - Incursions upon professional prerogatives are increasing with the advent of new
      requirements for accoutability; this has stemmed in part from the government's
      enlarged role in paying for mental health services. The author discusses the
      effect of professional norms on the assessment of quality of care, including the
      concepts of risk and autonomy, observability and privacy, the perspective of
      time, and the appropriateness of the penalty. He offers some suggestions for the
      design and implementation of quality-of-care standards that he believes will
      benefit both professionals and administrators, as well as protect the patient.

PMID- 961927
TI  - Mental health services in the public and private sectors.
AB  - Analysis of data on mental health service providers indicates that in 1971 the
      private sector accounted for 34% of inpatient days, 86% of outpatient visits, 44%
      of expenditures by source of funds, and 51% of expenditures by receipt of funds.
      The author believes that mental health professionals must familiarize themselves
      with the economic interests influencing national health insurance proposals and
      with public policy making processes if they are to help preserve appropriate
      roles for the public and private sectors in mental health service delivery.

PMID- 961928
TI  - Utilization of prepaid services by patients with psychiatric diagnoses.
AB  - The authors document and discuss the utilization of psychiatric services in a
      rural group practice before and after the institution of a prepaid health plan.
      They found that the utilization of psychiatric services increased dramatically
      during the first year of the plan's operation. The increase in outpatient
      utilization continued throughout the 3 years studied, but inpatient utilization
      decreased after the first year and later reached a level lower than that seen
      before the plan was instituted. One possible reason for the decline in inpatient
      utilization is that increased outpatient care prevents hospitalization.

PMID- 961929
TI  - Milieu therapy: toward a definition for reimbursement.
AB  - The authors identify certain essential elements and processes within the milieu
      therapy approach that could provide the basis for reimbursement of this treatment
      modality under insurance. They also examine a philosophical framework, various
      guidelines, and a mechanism for accountability in the use of this form of
      treatment.

PMID- 961930
TI  - Psychotherapy fees and residency training.
AB  - Many residents in psychiatry tend to ignore their patients' attitudes and
      behavior concerning payment of fees for psychotherapy. The authors report on a
      new fee policy program designed to earn additional revenue for a low-fee
      outpatient psychotherapy clinic; they stress the therapeutic importance of
      resident and patient attention to fee-related issues.

PMID- 961931
TI  - Albinism and schizophreniform psychosis: a pedigree study.
AB  - The author presents a pedigree study of albinism associated with schizophreniform
      psychosis and concludes that the evidence of an association between the two
      traits is strong; the evidence for genetic linkage is suggestive. The pineal
      hormone melatonin and the melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibitory factor may be
      etiologic determinants of psychosis associated with albinism.

PMID- 961932
TI  - Anticholinergic exacerbation of phenothiazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome.
AB  - The authors used tremography to record the bilateral digital tremor of a patient
      showing extrapyramidal system effects in response to withdrawal from
      phenothiazines. They found that changes in the amplitude of tremor correlated
      with clinical ratings of extrapyramidal disturbance. Changes in the amplitude and
      in the spectrum of tremor were similar to the bipolar paradoxical changes seen
      during intoxication with an anticholinergic psychotogen.

PMID- 961933
TI  - Rapid treatment of acute psychosis.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with acute functional psychoses were treated with
      intramuscular haloperidol in a three-hour period. There was almost complete
      remission of cardinal symptoms (thought disorder, hallucinations, and delusional
      activity) in this period for 11 patients. Acute dystonia, easily reversed, was
      the only significant side effect. The authors therefore suggest that outpatient
      management may be feasible and preferable in the treatment of some acute
      psychotic episodes.

PMID- 961934
TI  - Attitude of psychiatric residents toward patient requests.
AB  - The authors assessed residents' comfort in dealing with 14 previously identified
      types of patient requests in inpatient, outpatient, and acute service settings.
      First-year residents expressed significantly more discomfort than more
      experienced residents on 11 categories. They were also significantly less
      comfortable in the acute service than the inpatient setting. All residents
      expressed more comfort dealing with dynamic, psychological, and "nonsevere"
      requests. These findings suggest a need to teach residents specific therapeutic
      responses to various categories of requests and to evaluate the desirability of
      starting the residency experience on an acute service.

PMID- 961935
TI  - Treatement of excessive weight gain in patients taking lithium.
AB  - Six female primary affective disorder patients who had gained an average of 9.5
      kg while taking lithium lost an average of 2.9 kg on a 10-day 900 calorie a day
      hospital diet containing 100 mEq of sodium per day. No evidence of lithium
      toxicity was observed on this regimen. There was no evidence that fluid retention
      played a major role in the weight gain.

PMID- 961936
TI  - Treatment of tricyclic intoxication.

PMID- 961937
TI  - Letter: Diphenylhydantoin treatment of bulimia.

PMID- 961938
TI  - Letter: Cogwheel rigidity in lithium therapy.

PMID- 961939
TI  - Editorial: "A house divided".

PMID- 961940
TI  - Editorial: Boundary lines and the peoples' health.

PMID- 961941
TI  - Difficult issues in health planning, development, and review.
AB  - To give an overview of the kinds of issues expected to be encountered by the new
      Health Systems Agencies being established in conformity with Public Law 93-641,
      the authors draw from the experiences of the Comprehensive Health Planning agency
      and Regional Medical Program of an Upstate New York area. Problems faced together
      in the years 1972 to 1975 in health planning, development, review, and public
      policy are described. The unusual geographic and working relationship of these
      agencies makes them, together, a useful prototype of the HSA to examine.

PMID- 961942
TI  - A Bayesian approach to health project estimation.
AB  - This paper illustrates how a Bayesian statistical approach was used to estimate
      the outcomes of the National Tuberculosis Program in India. Such an estimate, it
      is argued, is necessary for a proper judgement about a project's social
      usefulness. The process of medical care delivery is reduced to a set of
      conditioned probabilities. The numbers are estimated using as source material
      medical records, the results of medical research, and the opinion of experts.
      Bayesian methods of estimation are used and their value is discussed. The final
      discussion contains a brief treatment of the role of project analysis in public
      decision making. The place of Bayesian methods in project analysis is briefly
      illustrated, demonstrating their operational value in the field of public health
      decision making.

PMID- 961943
TI  - Nursing assessment in industry.
AB  - In order to be able to offer nursing service to industry, a community health
      agency must have some knowledge of the industry and the daily problesm faced by
      both management and worker. The nursing process can serve as a framework for the
      gathering of necessary information and planning of sound care. The five-step
      nursing process, which includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation
      and evaluation, is discussed and annotated model Assessment Guide for Nursing in
      Industry is given (Appendix A). The six areas from which information should be
      gathered when assessing an industry are the following: I. The community in which
      the industry is located: II. The industry, its historical development, policies,
      and projections; III. The plant or physical structure; IV. The working
      population; V. The industrial process of the plant; VII. The existing health
      program. Once the assessment is completed and a diagnosis formulated, services
      can be offered based on specific, defined needs.

PMID- 961944
TI  - Efficacy information in contraceptive counseling: those little white lies.
AB  - Various procedures for estimating the effectiveness of a method of contraception
      have been devised. These measures, in turn, have been used in populations which
      differ widely in their propensity to use contraceptives properly. Therefore, a
      wide array of failure rates is available in the family planning literature.
      Unfortunately, because of differences in measurement and in choice of population,
      a random selection of these reported failure rates will not produce a consistent
      ordinal or cardinal ranking of methods by their effectiveness. Moreover, such a
      wide variety or reported rates permits the family planning practitioner to choose
      selectively in order to maximize the attractiveness of his favorite method(s). By
      surveying family planning personnel in two major cities, we found that they do
      indeen appear to place the methods they actively dispense in an extremely
      favorable position. Specifically, they are biased against the traditional
      contraceptives, foam and the condom. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical
      underpinnings of the measurement of effectiveness, report the apparent bias in
      the levels of contraceptive effectiveness reported to the patient, and finally,
      recommend a procedure for eliminating the jumble of rates in the literature and
      the consequent confusion among family planning personnel.

PMID- 961945
TI  - Applications of a job classification system in occupational epidemiology.
AB  - An occupational preventive medicine program attempts to control exposure so
      workers experience no detrimental effect on health. In a chemically complex
      industry, the definition of exposure is difficult because of the many different
      chemicals used and produced, the many different jobs and processes with
      qualitatively different exposures, and the movement of workers from job to job.
      Jobs have therefore been grouped on the basis of process or product into
      functionally homogeneous categories called occupational titles (OT's). Work
      experience can now be quantified independent of exposure (or by the dominant
      toxicants in each OT) and compared to health outcomes. Examples are discussed of
      the application of OT's to studies of the mortality and morbidity experience in
      the rubber industry, and the development of dose-response relations.

PMID- 961946
TI  - Radiation therapy among A-bomb survivors.
AB  - Survey of hospitals and clinics where atomic bomb survivors and their comparisons
      reported having received radiation therapy confirmed that 137 were so treated.
      The malignancies of five subjects were possibly related to their earlier
      radiation therapy rather than their atomic bomb radiation exposure, stressing the
      importance of recording all medical X-ray exposures as a potential variable in
      epidemiological studies of cancer etiology.

PMID- 961947
TI  - The use of utilization review records as a source of data on nursing home care.
AB  - Data form the Utah nursing home Utilization Review Program, 1970-73, provide a
      description of the population of nursing home patients in Utah and changes over
      time in patient medication and measures of activity. These data are analyzed
      according to type of care in home: personal, intermediate, or comprehensive. The
      collection of data in utilization review programs can help to evaluate the
      quality of care as well as appropriateness of placement, provided the information
      collected is designed with these ends in mind.

PMID- 961948
TI  - Self-help models and consumer intensive health practice.

PMID- 961949
TI  - Letter: Coming to grips with the main issue.

PMID- 961950
TI  - Editorial: The practitioner and the compliant patient.

PMID- 961951
TI  - Editorial: Radical inequality and neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 961952
TI  - Communication, compliance, and concordance between physicians and patients with
      prescribed medications.
AB  - Forty-six practicing physicians and 357 patients with diabetes mellitus or
      congestive heart failure were the subjects for this study, which focuses on the
      impact of medication regimen and doctor-patient communication in affecting
      patient medication-taking behavior and physician awareness of these behaviors.
      Four types of medication errors were defined: omissions, commissions, scheduling
      misconceptions and scheduling non-compliance. The average error rates were 19 per
      cent, 19 per cent, 17 per cent and 3 per cent, respectively. The combined average
      error was 58 per cent; scheduline non-compliance on the part of the patient was a
      minor component. Specific aspects of the medication regimen were associated with
      increased errors: (1) the more drugs involved between the doctor-patient pair,
      the greater the errors of omission and commission; and (2) the greater the
      complexity of the scheduling, the greater the errors of commission and scheduling
      misconceptions. If the patient did not know the function of all his drugs, errors
      of commission and scheduling misconception increased. Neither characteristics of
      patients nor the severity of disease were influential in determining the extent
      of medication errors. For patients with congestive heart failure, good
      communication of instructions and information from physician to patient was
      associated with low levels of all types of errors.

PMID- 961953
TI  - Racial difference in incidence of ABO hemolytic disease.
AB  - In this review of 7,464 consecutive infants born at North Carolina Memorial
      Hospital, hemolytic disease from ABO incompatibility was found to be two to three
      times as common in black infants as in white infants. The statistical
      significance of the difference remained high as more restrictive criteria for ABO
      hemolytic disease were applied. ABO disease, serious enough to cause an indirect
      serum bilirubin of 15 mg/100ml or higher, had an incidence in black newborns as
      great as the incidence of Rh hemolytic disease in whites. In contrast, the
      general prevalence and severity of hyperbilirubinemia was not found to be higher
      in black newborns than in white infants. The difference cannot be attributed to
      differences in the prevalence of ABO blood groups between the two races. Policies
      of early discharge of newborns could be affected by the finding that ABO
      erythroblastosis is two to three times as common in black infants as in white
      infants.

PMID- 961954
TI  - Estimates of motor vehicle seat belt effectiveness and use: implications for
      occupant crash protection.
AB  - Estimates of the effectiveness of seat belts, when used, in reducing motor
      vehicle occupant deaths vary widely. A recently publicized claim by one analyst
      that seat belts reduce vehicle occupant deaths 70-80 per cent is based on studies
      found to contain fundamental systematic error. Deaths occur only 50 per cent less
      often to belted compared to nonbelted vehicle occupants in crashes, according to
      previously unanalyzed data from three U.S. states during recent years. New belt
      systems would be about 60 per cent effective with 100 per cent use. But surveys
      of observed belt use in 1975 U.S. cars indicate that two-thirds of drivers were
      not using belts. Prospects for widespread adoption and enforcement of belt use
      laws in the U.S. are not encouraging. Substantial reductions in fatal and other
      injuries would result from the adoption of requirements mandating automatic
      (passive) protection for front seat occupants in crashes with forward
      decelerations.

PMID- 961955
TI  - Trends in intravenous drug abuse as reflected in national hepatitis reporting.
AB  - A procedure for obtaining an indicator of trends in illicit intravenous (I.V.)
      drug use-a form of drug use which is very harmful and difficult to measure-has
      been developed using national hepatitis surveillance data. Hepatitis reports are
      separated into two groups: one containing mostly cases related to transmission
      via I.V. drug use and the other containing cases related to transmission via
      personal contact and blood transfusion. The analysis of ten years of national
      hepatitis reporting (1966 to 1975) shows an almost ten-fold rise in drug-related
      hepatitis cases from 1966 to 1972. In the last three years the number of cases
      has declined but remains substantially greater than the pre-epidemic levels. The
      rise in I.V. drug-related cases began in the 1960's among minority groups living
      in the center cities of the East and West Coasts and spread during the 1970's
      into the suburbs of these cities and into metropolitan areas throughout the
      United States. Limitations of this indicator of I.V. drug use relate to the
      characteristics of the surveillance system and to the underlying relationship of
      hepatitis to I.V. drug use.

PMID- 961956
TI  - Dental visits by income and race in ten urban and two rural areas.
AB  - Household surveys in 12 low income areas found large differences in dental visit
      rates after control for income and race. The dental visit rate for Red Hook (NYC)
      exceeded the national rate whereas in seven of the areas the rate was below
      national averages by 40 per cent or more. The ranges in dental visit rate for low
      income Blacks was from two-thirds the national rate (in two areas of the South)
      to two to three times greater than the comparable national rate (in three areas
      of the Northeast). Lesser but nevertheless large variations among area dental
      visit rates existed for other race and income groups.

PMID- 961957
TI  - Brucella canis infectivity rates in stray and pet dog populations.
AB  - A serological survey of 200 healthy, mature dogs was made to determine Brucella
      canis infectivity rates. The 9 per cent rate reported in the stray dogs was
      significantly higher (0.05 less than P greater than 0.025) than the 1 per cent
      rate found in pet dogs. These rates coupled with a predictably growing stray dog
      population have patent zoonotic implications.

PMID- 961958
TI  - Use of the hospital emergency room in relation to use of private physicians.

PMID- 961959
TI  - Letter: On alternative approaches to immunizing children.

PMID- 961960
TI  - Letter: Random thoughts on abortion attitudes.

PMID- 961961
TI  - Letter: On abortion and right to life.

PMID- 961962
TI  - Letter: Comments on obesity study.

PMID- 961963
TI  - Letter: On screening for parasites.

PMID- 961964
TI  - Letter: On 'controlling one's environment'.

PMID- 961965
TI  - Letter: On role of radiation in leukemogenesis.

PMID- 961966
TI  - Letter: A universal physical form--its feasibility and potential.

PMID- 961967
TI  - Suprascapular neuropathy in the differential diagnosis of rotator cuff injuries.
AB  - Four cases of suprascapular neuropathy treated by nonoperative means have been
      presented. Complete recovery occurred in all four. The anatomy of the
      suprascapular nerve and probable mechanisms of injury secondary to traction have
      been discussed. The importance of electromyography in diagnosis has been
      stressed. Longer periods of nonoperative treatment are recommended here than by
      previous authors. Since the lesion is felt not to be an entrapment phenomenon
      but, rather, a traction injury, operative treatment should consist of release of
      the nerve at the notch to reduce the possibility of further traction injury, and
      a neurolysis should be done as well.

PMID- 961968
TI  - Achilles tendonitis in runners: a report of five cases.
AB  - Achilles tendonitis is a significant disability in the runner and may often cause
      runners to lose an entire season of competition. The exact pathophysiology of the
      problem is uncertain. However, it is the belief of the authors that Achilles
      tendonitis in the runner often represents a microscopic tear in the tendon which,
      if not adequately treated, may lead to a macroscopic tear. We recommend surgical
      treatment in those patients with chronic symptoms who have not responded to
      conservative measures.

PMID- 961969
TI  - A dynamic method of repair for acute and chronic acromioclavicular disruption.
AB  - The authors have presented a surgical procedure for disruption of the
      acromioclavicular joint with or without fracture of the lateral end of the
      clavicle. The results of the dynamic repairs have been excellent with restoration
      of stability and normal strength in all cases. The majority of this group were
      vigorous young high school college and professional athletes prior to their
      injury and all were returned to their previous activities.

PMID- 961970
TI  - An evaluation of the Elmslie-Trillat procedure for management of patellar
      dislocations and subluxations: a preliminary report.
AB  - The Elmslie-Trillat procedure involves lateral retinacular release, medial
      capsular reefing, and medial transposition of the anterior tibial tubercle hinged
      on a distal periosteal attachment. It is an easily performed procedure and is an
      excellent method for realignment of the extensor mechanism in cases of
      dislocation and subluxation of the patella. In our series of 52 cases with 6-24
      months postsurgical evaluation, 46 cases, or 88 percent were rated as good or
      excellent. It must be emphasized that this technique is used only if the
      epiphyseal plates are closed.

PMID- 961971
TI  - "Toot-Toot" or spectator sports. Psychological and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 961972
TI  - Clinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament instability in the athlete.

PMID- 961973
TI  - Therapeutic evaluation of oxantel pamoate (1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2
      [trans-3-hydroxystyryl] pyrimidine pamoate) in severe Trichuris trichiura
      infection.
AB  - The efficacy of oxantel pamoate (1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2-[trans-3-hydroxystyryl]
      1-methyl pyrimidine pamoate) was evaluated in 25 children with severe Trichuris
      infection. The presence of chronic dysentery and sigmoidoscopic demonstration of
      whipworms in the intestinal mucosa were the criteria for inclusion in the trial.
      Most of these patients had severe anemia, rectal prolapse, digital clubbing,
      hypoproteinemia, and growth retardation. There were a high incidence of
      concomitant parasitism with other intestinal helminths and with Entamoeba
      histolytica and Giardia lamblia. Sigmoidoscopic grading of Trichuris load and egg
      count in the feces were carried out prior to treatment and 2 days after each
      course of oxantel therapy. Oxantel was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg body
      weight twice daily for a 3-day course. Satisfactory response, as judged by relief
      of dysentery and absence of whipworms from the mucosa at sigmoidoscopy, was
      achieved in 17 patients after the first course and in the remaining 8 patients
      after a second course of oxantel. The drug was well tolerated and no side effects
      were noted during or after treatment. It is concluded that oxantel is a safe and
      effective anthelmintic for severe clinical trichuriasis.

PMID- 961974
TI  - Mebendazole in treatment of severe Trichuris trichiura infection in Malaysian
      children.
AB  - Children with severe Trichuris trichiura infection pose significant social,
      clinical, and therapeutic problems in Malaysia. Thirty such children were
      investigated, and mebendazole was found to be safe and effective in the treatment
      of severe trichuriasis but it had to be given for a longer period than currently
      recommended. A poor correlation was found between egg load and worm burden in
      these children. Direct visualization of the rectal and colonic mucosa was the
      most reliable method of assessing severity in untreated cases, and response to
      treatment. The eggs of Trichuris that had been exposed to mebendazole were
      morphologically altered and not viable when incubated. This may be of
      considerable epidemiological importance.

PMID- 961975
TI  - Effect of inoculum size and length of infection on the distribution of Toxocara
      canis larvae in the mouse.
AB  - The effect of inoculum size and time on the distribution of Toxocara canis larvae
      in the mouse was investigated by recovering larvae from various body regions 7,
      14, 28, and 56 days after administration of either 200, 600 or 1,000 infective
      eggs to groups of ten male mice. An analysis of variance of larval recoveries
      from the carcass, liver, brain and cardiopulmonary system suggests that inoculum
      size was a significant factor determining the proportional recovery for each of
      these sites. Length of infection was significant in relation to numbers of larvae
      in the anterior carcass, genitourinary system, brain and heart plus lungs, while
      length of infection and inoculum size acting in concert influenced the numbers of
      larvae recovered from the carcass, liver, brain, heart and lungs. Crowding
      effects, manifested as altered dispersion rates, were seen in the heavier
      infections.

PMID- 961976
TI  - Immunoglobulin E: raised levels in sera and pleural exudates of patients with
      paragonimiasis.
AB  - Serum IgE concentrations of patients with paragonimiasis were determined by a
      radioimmunosorbent test. The mean concentration was 3,462.3 IU/ml in a group of
      13 cases of paragonimiasis miyazakii in which patients showed clinical symptoms
      and/or positive immunological diagnostic tests, and 1,026.6 IU/ml in a control
      group of 13 individuals who had eaten uncooked freshwater crabs, Potamon dehaani,
      but had been found to be free from the infection. Moreover, the IgE level of the
      pleural exudates obtained from four patients with paragonimiasis miyazakii on the
      day of bleeding or within several days after was significantly higher than that
      of their sera, ranging between 4,200 IU/ml and 10,000 IU/ml. This was true also
      in a case of paragonimiasis westermani. Sera and pleural exudates of patients
      with both forms of paragonimiasis were applied to immunosorbent columns of
      Sepharose 4B beads coupled with saline extracts of Paragonimus miyazakii, P.
      weetermani, or P. ohirai. IgE eluted from the corresponding column was considered
      to be specific, being around 5% to 10% of the total IgE.

PMID- 961977
TI  - Schistosomiasis in the Gorgol Valley of Mauritania.
AB  - Schistosomiasis may be increasing in West Africa due to the development of water
      resource projects which were given a strong impetus by the disastrous Sahelian
      drought. This report concerns the existing epidemiology of schistosomiasis in
      West Africa for the Fourth Region of Mauritania, along the Gorgol River. In this
      area two reservoirs are proposed, to supply a new rice irrigation system. During
      May and November 1974, field surveys were made to determine the prevalence and
      intensity of schistosomiasis, and the relevant species of snails. The surveys
      were made as a basis for designing the irrigation systems to minimize
      transmission. The only snails found in the area were two species of Bulinus;
      therefore, the human population was tested for Schistosoma haematobium. A high
      prevalence of schistosomiasis was found in M'Bout, the town nearest the proposed
      reservoir at Foum Gleita. Prevalence rates were lowest in Kaedi near the
      confluence of the Gorgol and Senegal rivers. During the period between the first
      and second survey the incidence rate among children in M'Bout became very high
      (68%), probably because of increased water contact related to the rains that
      broke the long drought in August 1974.

PMID- 961978
TI  - Tissue degradation of calcific Schistosoma haematobium eggs.
AB  - Calcific eggs of Schistosoma haematobium were separated from an inactive sandy
      patch in a cystectomy specimen from an Egyptian farmer; the purified egg
      suspension was injected into tail veins of inbred mice, some of which were killed
      immediately and some at intervals of 1, 2, 11, 14, 30, 90, 120, 180, and 365
      days. Lungs were examined by tissue digestion and histologic analysis. Calific
      egg burdens decayed in an exponential manner (eggs/g of lung tissue = 284.9e
      0.001x where e = natural log and x = time in days), with a loss of 5,610 eggs/g
      of lung tissue, i.e., 98% reduction over the year of the experiment. Histologic
      examination revealed that calcific S. haematobium eggs incited a typical
      granulomatous reaction as they decalcified.  Compared with viable egg
      granulomata, the response to calcific eggs was accelerated in onset, of lesser
      magnitude but persisted longer. Small numbers of calcific eggs persisted for at
      least 1 year after injection of either viable or calcific eggs. It is concluded
      that despite the apparent lack of tissue reaction to calcific eggs in chronic
      bladder lesions, these eggs are not antigenically exhausted foreign bodies.
      Moreover, it is shown that calcific eggs are degraded in significant numbers by
      mammalian tissue.

PMID- 961979
TI  - Hycanthone dose-response in treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni in St. Lucia.
AB  - Clinical trials of hycanthone (single intramuscular dose) were undertaken in
      schistosomiasis mansoni patients in St. Lucia at five dose levels: 3.0, 2.5, 2.0,
      1.5, and 1.0 mg/kg body weight. The most common side effect, vomiting, decreased
      in frequency from 51% at the highest dose to 3% at the lowest; minor side effects
      showed a similar trend. Three fecal specimens were examined before and at 6
      months after treatment by qualitative, quantitative, and hatching techniques. All
      dose levels caused reductions in egg excretion of 89 to 98%. Rates of cure
      (absence of eggs by all three methods) according to dose (descending),
      pretreatment egg output (0-19, 20-49, 50-399, 400+ eggs/ml feces), and age (0-7,
      8-14, 15-29, 30+ years) were analyzed to estimate the effect of each variable if
      the others had been constant. For dose, the standardized percentage success rates
      were 53.9%, 62.0%, 51.2% 54.0%, and 27.4%; for egg output, 67.0%, 51.8%, 43.2%,
      and 21.7%; and for age, 25.2%, 34.5%, 59.3% and 57.4%. Logit regression analysis
      shows a significant difference in cure rate (a) between the lowest dose and all
      others, among which latter there was no difference, (b) between patients
      excreting 0 to 49 eggs/ml before treatment and those excreting 50+ eggs/ml, and
      (c) between the age groups 0 to 14 and 15+ years. All dose levels caused some
      regression in enlargement of liver or spleen. A dose of 1.5 to 2.0 mg/kg body
      weight is considered to be as effective as one of 3.0 mg/kg and more acceptable
      for a control program because of the marked reduction in side effects.

PMID- 961980
TI  - Relation of intensity of infection to disease in hamsters with acute
      schistosomiasis mansoni.
AB  - Groups of young hamsters were exposed to 3, 20, 40, 80, or 160 cercariae. A
      highly significant correlation was observed between the number of cercariae, worm
      burdens, and liver and fecal egg counts. The most heavily infected animals were
      the first to lose weight and die. Hamsters exposed to 20 or more cercariae and
      harboring a mean of 4.2 or more worm pairs developed significant hepatosplenic
      disease by 10 weeks after infection as assessed by hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and
      the development of portal hypertension. Lightly infected animals with single worm
      pairs did not develop significant disease.

PMID- 961981
TI  - Anti-liver antibody in rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum.
AB  - Anti-liver antibody has been demonstrated in the sera of Schistosoma japonicum
      infected rabbits. By the 8th week after exposure to cercariae, perceptible levels
      of autoantibody were present and appeared to be direct predominantly determinants
      located in the cell membrane of the hepatocyte.

PMID- 961982
TI  - Evaluation of immunodiagnostic techniques for the detection of human hydatid cyst
      carriers in field studies.
AB  - In a study of 662 sera from a hydatidosis endemic area, the indirect
      hemagglutination test based on a minimal nonspecificity criterion of positivity
      and the latex agglutination (LA) test were found to be suitable screening
      techniques for the detection of sera positive to the arc 5, diagnostic of hydatid
      infection. The lower nonspecificity of the LA test, its greater simplicity and
      its excellent correlation with the immunoelectrophoresis test suggest that it is
      the choice screening technique for use in field surveys or seroepidemiologic
      studies of hydatid disease. The advantages and limitations of this serologic
      approach for the detection of human hydatid cyst carriers in field studies are
      discussed.

PMID- 961983
TI  - Bubonic plague from direct exposure to a naturally infected wild coyote.
AB  - An 11-year-old boy developed axillary bubonic plague and plague meningitis 3 days
      after skinning a dead coyote near Albuquerque, New Mexico. The coyoto carcass was
      recovered 10 days later, and Yersinia pestis was isolated from spleen and marrow
      of the animal. This is the first report of human plague from exposure to a
      coyote. A review of experimental and epidemiologic studies suggests that severe
      plague infection in members of the family Canidae is unusual, and that the risk
      of acquiring plague from direct contact with coyote tissues is minimal.
      Nevertheless, certain precautions are outlined for persons working with wild
      coyotes.

PMID- 961984
TI  - Experimental alimentary infection of anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis) with
      Mycobacterium ulcerans.
AB  - Pathogenic Mycobacterium ulcerans were recovered from the stool of anole lizards
      up to 11 days after inoculation by stomach tube. M. ulcerans was isolated from
      the liver of 3 of 20 lizards and acid fast bacteria were seen in the mucosa of
      intrahepatic bile ducts in 2 of these 10 weeks post-inoculation. These results
      provide equivocal support for our hypothesis that herpetofauna are a reservoir of
      infection with M. ulcerans.

PMID- 961985
TI  - Sickle cell trait, hemoglobin C trait, and Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - In a controlled study in Ghana, the hemoglobin electrophoretic pattern in 112
      patients with Burkitt's lymphoma was compared to that of their nearest neighbor
      controls of the same age, sex, and tribe, as well as their sibling controls.
      Analysis of the data obtained did not show any statistically significant
      protective advantage for sickle cell trait against Burkitt's lymphoma. Hemoglobin
      C trait appeared to offer a slight protective advantage (p less than 0.1), but
      this did not reach statistical significance. These results do not disprove the
      malaria co-factor hypothesis in the etiology of 0urkitt's lymphoma, but deprive
      it of an additional indirect evidence in its favor.

PMID- 961986
TI  - Autopsy analysis of disease frequency in Kinshasa, Republic of Zaire.
AB  - Between July 1973 and December 1974, 304 autopsies were done at Hopital Mama
      Yemo, Kinshasa, Republic of Zaire. The causes of death and sudden death were
      tabulated and analyzed. The frequency of various diseases and groups of diseases
      among all the individuals and a large subset of individuals who died
      traumatically are tabulated and discussed. The present report is the most
      quantitative, albeit only, current estimate of mortality and prevalence of
      diseases in Zaire.

PMID- 961987
TI  - Relation of mosquito density to bird: mammal feeding ratios of Culex tarsalis in
      stable traps.
AB  - Stable traps, each baited with a jackrabbit and either a chicken or a pheasant,
      collected more than 21,000 mosquitoes in the Sacramento Valley, California, in
      1972 and 1973. The focus of interest was the feeding behavior of Culex tarsalis,
      a primary vector of encephalitis viruses. Generally, feeding success was less and
      feeding rates on the jackrabbit were greater when larger numbers of mosquitoes
      were collected, or when a bird was exposed that was less receptive to mosquito
      feeding. Greater feeding rates on the jackrabbit apparently resulted from
      decreased feeding on the avian host and from diversion of mosquitoes to the
      jackrabbit. Figures are given that show how changes in feeding rates on birds
      affect the probabilities that a mosquito that feeds twice would feel both times
      on a bird, or on a bird and then on a mammal. Relatively small collections of
      nine mosquito species other than C. tarsalis revealed distinct species
      differences in feeding behavior. Aedes malanimon showed a preference for
      jackrabbit, which is relevant to its role as a vector of western equine
      encephalitis and California encephalitis viruses.

PMID- 961988
TI  - Brugia malayi in a cervical smear.
AB  - A microfilaria, identified as that of Brugia malayi, was found in a routine
      cervical smear from a healthy, 38-year-old female Malaysian aborigine.

PMID- 961989
TI  - Evaluation of the slide-latex agglutination and intradermal (Casoni) tests for
      echinococcosis.
AB  - Fifty-one patients with surgically proven hydatid disease were examined with the
      intradermal (ID) (Casoni) and latex-agglutination (LA) tests. Before surgery,
      results of the former test were 80.4% positive and of the latter were 82.3%. For
      105 persons who were diagnosed free of hydatid cysts by surgical, clinical and
      serological observations, 6.7% were positive with the ID test and 4.8% with the
      LA test. The close agreement between results obtained with the LA and ID tests in
      this selected group of patients suggests that the LA test merits further
      evaluation as a diagnostic tool.

PMID- 961990
TI  - Effects of Ascaris infection of nutritional status in children.
AB  - The nutritional status of 30 children infected with Ascaris lumbricoides was
      compared with that of 30 uninfected controls matched for age, race, sex, and
      family income. Statistically significant evidence of an adverse effect of
      ascariasis on serum albumin levels and plasma vitamin C levels was found, but no
      child had inadequate levels of these nutrients. Suggestive evidence of an adverse
      effect of the infection on weight for height and on riboflavin nutriture was also
      found. There were no significant differences between infected and control
      children with respect to seven other laboratory measurements.

PMID- 961991
TI  - Anisakid larva from the throat of an Alaskan Eskimo.
AB  - An anisakid nematode, identified as Phocanema sp. fourth-stage larva, was
      "pulled" from the throat of a 46-year-old Alaskan Eskimo. The nematode is
      described and illustrated.

PMID- 961992
TI  - Strongyloides fulleborni-like infections in man in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - During the course of a survey of intestinal parasites among the inhabitants of
      villages along the Fly River in the Kiunga region of Papua New Guinea, eggs of a
      Strongyloides species were found in the feces of several persons. In subsequent
      studies, 93 (17.8%) of 520 persons examined from five villages were found to be
      infected with this parasite. The examination of parasitic and free-living stages
      of the worm revealed that it is very similar to S. fulleborni, a parasite of
      monkeys, baboons and apes in Africa and Asia, although a definitive
      identification could not be made with the material available. Since non-human
      primates have apparently never inhabited New Guinea, the origin of these S.
      fulleborni-like infections is unknown.

PMID- 961993
TI  - Serum glycoproteins in schistosomiasis.
AB  - Serum glycoprotein electrophoretic fractions as well as protein bound hexose and
      seromucoid levels were measured in 21 male Egyptian patients before and after
      treatment for schistosomiasis, and in 8 normal controls. Results indicate that
      alpha1 and gamma-glycoprotein were significantly higher while beta-glycoprotein
      was lower in bilharzial patients than in controls. Protein-bound hexose and
      seromucoid levels were also significantly elevated in the patients. After
      treatment, the levels of these fractions approached those of the controls.

PMID- 961994
TI  - Chemotherapy of  hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus) in mice with
      mebendazole and bithionol.
AB  - We treated female Swiss Webster mice with heavy, long standing infections of
      Echinococcus granulosus with mebendazole, 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 days
      and bithionol, 70 mg/kg every other day for four doses. Necropsy performed 6
      weeks after completion of therapy showed no gross or histologic differences
      between untreated controls and bithionol-treated mice or their cysts. Mebendazole
      treated mice had a significant decrease in the total number of cysts (15 vs.
      100), with many of those present being ruptured. Electron microscopy of intact,
      mebendazole-treated cysts revealed a marked increase in vacuolization and
      disarray of the distal cytoplasm, dilated and degenerating microtubules, increase
      in the size and number of lysosomes, a decrease in the number of normal appearing
      golgi, and increased density of mitochondria. Several mice died shortly after the
      termination of mebendazole therapy, all with ruptured cysts. Due to the large
      volume of the cysts, the presumed cause of death was acute volume overload, but
      toxic or anaphylactic reactions could not be excluded. We suggest that any
      proposed chemotherapy of humans with hydatid disease be done cautiously, with
      careful monitoring.

PMID- 961995
TI  - Epidemic influenza in a hill tribe of northwest Thailand.
AB  - An investigation of an epidemic of respiratory disease in a remote region of
      northwest Thailand revealed Influenza A/H3N2 as the etiologic agent. This
      epidemic would not have been recognized were it not for an unusual increase in
      respiratory disease following a meeting attended by residents of many villages.
      The influenza strains isolated most closely resembled A/Port Chalmers/1/73 when
      tested by hemagglutination inhibition but showed consistent antigenic differences
      when tested by quantitative neutralization. It is suggested that the differences
      noted between this strain and influenza viruses isolated elsewhere may have been
      due to the sequential transmission of influenza through partially immune people.

PMID- 961996
TI  - Endemic rabies in Ghana. Epidemiology and control measures.
AB  - Rabies is well established in Accra and there has been no decline in canine or
      human cases during the past 5 years. In the first 6 months of 1975, canine cases
      almost doubled over the period average. So far dogs are the only confirmed
      carnivorous vector in Ghana. A clear seasonal peak exists, so that intervention
      efforts can be times to achieve a maximum impact. Persons at greatest risk of
      contracting rabies are males and school-aged children, who need improved
      educational and post-dog bite services. The fundamental issue for health policy
      is to achieve a proper balance between environmental, preventive and treatment
      aspects of rabies. The report describes problems with logistics, canine vaccine
      shortage and failures, lack of owner cooperation, and control of a large stray
      dog population. Several proposals to improve coordination and organization of
      control programs are suggested.

PMID- 961997
TI  - Epidemiology of an outbreak of head lice in Georgia.
AB  - An outbreak of head lice infestation (pediculosis) occurred in elementary school
      children in Barrow County, Georgia, in January 1974. An investigation was
      initiated to define the magnitude of the outbreak, determine factors that
      contribute to transmission, and disseminate information on control. All
      elementary school children in the county were examined for head lice and answered
      a questionnaire. Fifty-three (3%) of 1,783 white pupils were infested, but none
      of the 500 black pupils was infested. Distribution of infestation in the white
      pupils was influenced by grade, bed-sharing, socioeconomic status, infestation of
      other family members, crowding in the home, and family size; distribution was not
      influenced by hair length or the sex of the pupil. Recommendations for control
      based on the results of the investigation included procedures for identifying and
      processing cases, distributing free pediculicides, continuing surveillance,
      educating school personnel and parents on how to control the parasite.

PMID- 961998
TI  - Species identification of blood meals from Culex tarsalis that had fed on
      passeriform birds.
AB  - Blood-engorged Culex tarsalis (4,209) collected during 1960 to 1965 in Kern
      County, California and previously shown to have fed on passeriform birds by the
      precipitin test were further tested by the more sensitive passive
      hemagglutination inhibition test (PHI). It was shown that these mosquitoes fed
      principally on House Finches and House Sparrows, the most common passeriform
      birds found in the collection areas. These data demonstrate the usefulness of the
      PHI test for the identification of arthropod blood meals from closely related
      species.

PMID- 961999
TI  - Field evaluation of arthropod repellent netting as a ground cloth against ticks.
AB  - Tick repellent, wide-mesh net ground cloths were tested against Amblyomma
      americanum (Linnaeus) by the CO2 bait technique. Two repellents, N,N-diethyl
      metatoluamide (deet) and 3 acetyl-2-(dimethyl-5-heptenyl)-oxazoladine, and two
      netting fabrics were compared. All combinations tested provided over 90%
      protection. The effectiveness of repellent ground cloths against chiggers is
      discussed.

PMID- 962000
TI  - Comparison of morbidity interviews with a health examination survey in rural
      Africa.
AB  - This paper describes a study of the Danfa Comprehensive Rural Health and Family
      Planning Project, Ghana. The report compares information obtained from morbidity
      interviews with information obtained during subsequent health examinations. One
      to 4 days prior to examination by a team of physicians, 3,653 rural Ghanaians
      were interviewed by a team of auxiliary workers. Information obtained from the
      interview survey was noticeably different from examination diagnoses. Significant
      health problems such as malaria, intestinal parasites and diarrhea, as well as
      minor and chronic conditions were seriously under-reported. Interview findings
      were more accurate for children, women in the reproductive age group, and in
      cases in which the disease caused considerable discomfort or diability. Although
      individual examination was eight times as costly as an interview, small scale
      rural health examination surveys of a representative sample of the population are
      recommended to provide accurate morbidity information for health planners.

PMID- 962001
TI  - Isolation of Leishmania from a black rat in the Baghdad area, Iraq.
AB  - Leishmania was recovered from a black rat in the Baghdad area, Iraq. Leptomonads
      from samples of blood and tissues of this animal cultivated on NNN medium
      produced visceral leishmaniasis when injected into white mice. This is the first
      record of natural visceral leishmaniasis in a non-human host in Iraq.

PMID- 962002
TI  - Oral transmission of Brugia pahangi to dogs.
AB  - Oral transmission of Brugia pahangi, already demonstrated in jirds, has now been
      accomplished in dogs. Beagle puppies, four anesthetized and two unanesthetized,
      were exposed to B. pahangi by instilling third-stage larvae (L-3s) into the
      mouth. Infections matured in all the dogs, and adult worms were recovered mainly
      from the mandibular, retropharyngeal, and axillary lymphatics. Worms were
      relatively numerous and peripheral microfilaremia developed in the dogs exposed
      under anesthetic, while worms were infrequent and microfilariae were found only
      intracardially in the dogs exposed without anesthetic. It appears that in orally
      exposed dogs, as in jirds studied earlier, the successful L-3s probably
      penetrated mucosa in or near the mouth.

PMID- 962003
TI  - Half-body radiotherapy of advanced cancer.
AB  - Half-body radiotherapy to deliver doses up to 1000 rads in a single exposure
      evolved to meet a need in treating patients with advanced cancer. Large fields
      are required and a high radiation output. Treatments are well tolerated, although
      radiation sickness occurs in 80% of upper half and 33% of lower half-body
      treatments. Marrow depression is not a problem and the second half body can be
      treated when the peripheral blood count has returned to normal. Subjective
      improvement occurs in most patients and this group had a median survival of six
      months.

PMID- 962004
TI  - Localization of gallium-67 citrate in salivary glands following radiation
      therapy.
AB  - Gallium-67 citrate was found to localize in the salivary glands of eight patients
      after therapeutic doses of radiation to a treatment field including the glands.
      In two patients, autopsy evidence to the effect that no primary disease was
      present to explain such uptake was obtained. In another two patients the abnormal
      uptake was not observed on follow-up. The recognition that radiation sialadenitis
      is a potential cause of false-positive gallium scintiscans is important in their
      interpretation.

PMID- 962005
TI  - Editorial: Emergency room physicians.

PMID- 962006
TI  - Current status of diagnosis and management of strangulation obstruction of the
      small bowel.

PMID- 962007
TI  - Disease of the gallbladder in patients with normal cholecystograms.
AB  - In contrast with what has widely been assumed, disease of the gallbladder
      sometimes remains undertected by even repeated cholecystography or cholegraphy.
      Chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, and acalculous cholesterolosis can escape
      detection by roentgenography of the gallbladder. Of 4,000 patients subjected to
      cholecystectomy between 1962 and 1973, the cholecystogram had been normal in only
      two. The range of indications for the operation has since been widened. Patients
      with typical symptons of gallbladder disease or recurrent pancreatitis of unknown
      origin have been operated on despite a normal cholecystogram. Within as short a
      period as eight months, an additional six patients with a normal cholecstogram
      have been operated on at our hospitals. Treatment consisted of cholecystectomy
      also in the four patients in whom no stones could be palpated in the gallbladder.
      Gross and microscopic examination of the gallbladder in these patients revealed
      cholesterolosis. When last seen, seven of the eight patients were still symptom
      free an average fifteen months after the operation.

PMID- 962008
TI  - Diagnostic considerations in acute alcoholic and gallstone pancreatitis.
AB  - Comparison of a group of patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis with a group
      with gallstone pancreatitis has established the serum amylase level on admission
      as one of the most useful laboratory tests in aiding to differentiate the two
      entities. A serum amylase level greater than 1,500 IU was most often due to
      gallstone pancreatitis, as was elevation of the serum bilirubin and alkaline
      phosphatase levels.

PMID- 962009
TI  - Surgical management of impotence: progress report.
AB  - Our experience utilizing a new design Lash-Maser silicone implant in the surgical
      management of impotence has been detailed. The present series includes twenty
      five patients, twenty-three of whom achieved satisfactory intercourse without
      problems or complications. The implant's simplicity of design, function, and
      surgical implantation is appealing.

PMID- 962010
TI  - Surgical considerations in hyperparathyroidism: reappraisal of the need for
      multigland biopsy.
AB  - Sixty-seven cases of neck exploration for suspected hyperparathyroidism were
      reviewed. Thirty-nine patients underwent removal of an adenoma with biopsy of one
      or more other parathyroid glands. In another group, nine patients underwent
      removal of the adenoma only. Both groups have had no recurrences of
      hyperparathyroidism in follow-up periods of two months to twelve years. The data
      presented indicate that removal of a parathyroid adenoma alone, without biopsy of
      other tissue, represents satisfactory treatment. Experience with hyperplastic
      glands is also reviewed. Subtotal parathyroidectomy was effective treatment in
      all patients, but a 30 per cent incidence of hypocalcemia was noted after this
      operation.

PMID- 962011
TI  - Bone scans of the facial bones: normal anatomy.
AB  - Some features of facial anatomy have been identified on 99mTc polyphosphate bone
      scans by a comparison of scans, radiographs, and photographs. 99mTc polyphosphate
      bone scans are used clinically to show bone injury and increased osteoblastic
      activity; the primary use is to identify malignancy and other diseases involving
      bone. A knowledge of normal anatomy is of the utmost importance in the accurate
      interpretation of bone scans of the face.

PMID- 962012
TI  - Pulmonary function studies after smoke inhalation.
AB  - Pulmonary function studies were performed within 72 hours of injury in seven
      patients with smoke inhalation injury diagnosed by positive 133Xe
      scintiphotographs and in eight patients with burns of similar size but with
      negative 133Xenon scans. The former patients showed decreased peak flow,
      decreased flow at 25, 50, and 75 per cent of vital capacity, and an elevated
      pulmonary resistance. In addition, single breath nitrogen tests revealed evidence
      of maldistribution of ventilation/perfusion abnormalities. Total lung capacity,
      functional residual capacity, and compliance (both dynamic and static) were
      similar in the two groups. Pulmonary function studies can be of assistance in
      evaluating smoke inhalation, estimating the severity, and following the course of
      patients with this disorder.

PMID- 962013
TI  - The centrineurogenic etiology of the respiratory distress syndrome: induction by
      isolated cerebral hypoxemia and prevention by unilateral pulmonary denervation.
AB  - Twenty-eight anemic control dogs were subjected to isolated cerebral hypoxemic
      (PO2,35+/-5 mm Hg) perfusion for 2 hours. All were found to have functional
      pulmonary impairment. Two hours later, twenty were sacrificed and found to have
      the bilateral anatomic complex of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). All
      those not sacrificed expired within 20 hours with progressive respiratory
      distress and at autopsy had the bilateral anatomic complex. Twenty-three beagles
      with chronic denervation (autotransplantation) of the left lung also were
      subjected to the 2 hour isolated cerebral arterial hypoxemic perfusion. Minimal
      pulmonary functional impairment was measurable in all. Ten of sixteen were long
      term survivors. The six that succumbed did not appear to suffer respiratory
      deaths. These six, as well as seven sacrificed 2 hours after perfusion, had the
      anatomic complex of RDS in the normally innervated right lungs. However, the
      denervated left lungs were anatomically normal. These findings are offered as
      additional evidence that RDS has a centrineurogenic etiology. We postulate the
      following sequence: "shock" causes cerebral (probably hypothalamic) cellular
      oxygen deprivation and dysfunction; there is autonomically mediated, increased
      resistance of the pulmonary venules ("postcapillary sphincters"); this leads to
      capillary hypertension, congestion, hemorrhage, edema, surfactant inactivation,
      and atelectasis. Pulmonary denervation blocks this sequence and protects the
      lung.

PMID- 962014
TI  - Nonanastomotic aneurysms in venous homologous grafts and bovine heterografts in
      femoropopliteal bypasses.
AB  - In the absence of a suitable autologous vein for a long distal femoropopliteal
      bypass, the homologous vein appears to be a good substitute. However, the patency
      rate after one year is less than 50 per cent and nonanastomotic aneurysms
      occurred in one third of our patients followed for more than one year. These two
      complications may be related to an immune response which may be lessened by
      preservation of the graft in the frozen state. Bovine heterografts function well
      when placed subfascially for femoropopliteal bypasses ending above the knee.
      Failure rate is high when the distal end of the graft extends across the knee
      joint. In our experience nonanastomotic aneurysms have developed in 50 per cent
      of patent grafts followed for more than one year, although other surgeons have
      reported an incidence of only 3 to 20 per cent. In the follow-up of twenty-three
      venous homografts and twenty bovine heterografts placed as femoropopliteal
      bypasses, eight nonanastomotic aneurysms appeared and required replacement. This
      occurrence was noted in more than 33 per cent of grafts patent beyond one year.
      When an adequate autologous vein is not available, the composite Dacron-vein
      graft is the best substitute.

PMID- 962015
TI  - Swelling of the hand after arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis.
AB  - Despite a high patency rate and low incidence of infections, several
      complications have been described with the Brescia subcutaneous arteriovenous
      fistula. We recently observed five patients with swelling of the hand and wrist
      secondary to increased distal vein flow. Ligation of the distal vein, with or
      without proximal reconstruction resulted in cure. Proximal vein patency must be
      assessed.

PMID- 962016
TI  - Hypercoagulability in mesenteric venous occlusion: report of two cases.

PMID- 962017
TI  - Idiopathic perforation of the colon in a newborn.
AB  - Although infrequent, idiopathic perforation of the colon in the newborn is a
      surgical emergency. Etiology remains obscure. Diagnosis of a pneumoperitoneum,
      prompt operative intervention, and the use of antibiotic therapy are essential to
      the survival of these infants.

PMID- 962018
TI  - Spontaneous return of function after surgical excision of the seventh cranial
      nerve in parotid tumor surgery.
AB  - Spontaneous return of function after surgical excision of the seventh cranial
      nerve in surgery of parotid tumors is not impossible. This seems to occur through
      the several existing neural pathways between the fifth and seventh cranial
      nerves. It is probable that voluntary motor impulses by reeducation find their
      way from the cortex through the fifth cranial nerve to the respective muscles.

PMID- 962019
TI  - The renal compression syndrome.
AB  - A clinical example of perirenal compression producing documented renin-mediated
      hypertension is presented. The pathophysiology of this disorder is discussed as
      it relates to renin release mechanisms. In the future, recognition of the renal
      compression syndrome may obviate needless nephrectomies since simple removal of
      the source of compression should result in the cure of hypertension.

PMID- 962020
TI  - Pancreatic trauma: a new diagnostic approach.
AB  - The difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of solitary pancreatic injury when
      there is no other indication for surgical exploration of the abdomen are
      discussed. We suggest that endoscopic transduodenal pancreatography is a reliable
      diagnostic tool of great help in evaluating such injuries with little morbidity.

PMID- 962021
TI  - Unusual presentation of hydatid disease.
AB  - Hydatid disease is endemic in most areas in Iran where sheep are raised, and
      diagnosis is fairly easy in a majority of cases. However, this fairly common
      disease may become very difficult and even impossible to diagnose. The most
      important factor in diagnosing hydatid disease is the awareness of its
      possibility. The striking clinical resemblance between hydatid disease and
      malignant diseases of some organs makes the correct diagnosis essential. In
      countries where this disease is endemic, any growing mass or tumor should arouse
      suspicion of hydatid disease.

PMID- 962022
TI  - Acute venous hemodialysis using the unipuncture apparatus.
AB  - Hemodialysis is a well recognized treatment modality for the support of patients
      with acute renal failure. In such patients, rapid access to the circulation for
      hemodialysis is important. For those patients with self-limited acute renal
      failure in whom recovery is expected, a rapid means of gaining temporary access
      to the circulation would be particularly desirable. The Seldinger technic for
      femoral vein catheterization and the use of the unipuncture dialysis apparatus
      have been combined to meet this requirement. The efficiency of unipuncture
      dialysis through a single femoral catheter compares favorably with the efficiency
      of dialysis by the standard two catheter technic.

PMID- 962023
TI  - Functional longevity of intraperioneal drains: an experimental evaluation.
AB  - Various types of drains were inserted into the peritoneal cavity of twenty-eight
      dogs. After one to seven days, all drains failed to show the presence of 200 cc
      of colored fluid injected intraperitoneally. On autopsy, all tubes were
      surrounded and occluded by omentum.

PMID- 962024
TI  - [Sleep, a process of acquisition and regulation of action].

PMID- 962025
TI  - [Influence of the instrumental and social environment on central nervous system
      excitability in the male Wistar rat: measurement of the reactivity of the
      reticulocortical system].

PMID- 962026
TI  - [Influence of the instrumental and social environment on the structure of a
      sample of the waking-sleep cycle in the male Wistar rat: correlations with the
      changes in reticulocortical system excitability].

PMID- 962027
TI  - [Effect of certain diuretics on thyroid function in rats].

PMID- 962028
TI  - [Hemoglobin solution as an oxygen transporter. Study of physico-chemical and
      pharmacological properties].

PMID- 962029
TI  - [Fractures of the upper tibia and thromboembolic risk].

PMID- 962030
TI  - [Serum levels of IgE, IgA, eosinophylia and response to phytohemagglutinin in 100
      girls with parasitic diseases and 50 controls].

PMID- 962031
TI  - [Difluocortolone valerate in various dermatosis].

PMID- 962032
TI  - [Determination of aminophylline levels in blood, following oral administration].

PMID- 962033
TI  - [On the mechanism of action of acupuncture analgesia (author's transl)].
AB  - The correlation between the effects of acupuncture (A) and hypnosuggestion (H) on
      subjective pain perception was studied in normal volunteers using somatosensory
      evoked potentials technique. Both methods influenced identically the subjective
      pain perception and affected the evoked cortical responses similarly. In those
      subjects in whom analgesia was achieved, location of the A needles proved
      unimportant and the suppression of the cortical response elicited by A or H was
      identical. This could be explained by cortically induced inhibitory activity in
      descending control systems for both methods. A. analgesia thus appears to be a
      suggestive modality which depends on individual susceptibility. A specific
      cultural background also seems to be of importance.

PMID- 962034
TI  - [Clinical and experimental results with acupuncture-analgesia (author's transl)].
AB  - Operations under acupuncture analgesia have been performed in Vienna since March
      1972. A total of 102 procedures has been performed with "classical" Chinese
      acupuncture analgesia. Additionally given analgesics, psychodynamic factors and
      neurophysiological components are of joint importance. Our success rate in these
      cases was 64 p.c. Since October 1972 we call "two-phase-acupuncture-analgesia".
      Up to June 1975 72 operations were performed under some modifications of this
      method. In a neurophysiological study 17 volunteers and in 2 patients undergoing
      stereothalamotomies depression or even disappearance of evoked potentials was be
      observed during acupuncture with alectrical stimulation. Thus an interaction
      between pain stimuli and acupuncture stimuli in the thalamus could for the first
      time be demonstrated in man.

PMID- 962035
TI  - [Combined acupuncture-analgesia as a method in general anesthesia (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The clinical results of 162 operations performed with combined-acupuncture
      analgesia are reported. The experiences so collected are satisfying. This method
      seems suitable for anaesthetic practice. Total absence of toxity good analgesia
      and the negligible circulatory reactions give this method advantages in the
      anesthetic treatment of old and poor risk patients. A heavy disadvantage is that
      the method in time consuming is expensive in personnel.

PMID- 962036
TI  - [Changes of bloodchemical parameters of healthy volunteers under influence of
      acupuncture (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of acupuncture on some biochemical parameters in blood was
      investigated in healthy volunteers. These results were compared with two control
      series. The significant increase especially of free fatty acids concentration
      must be considered as an effect of acupuncture.

PMID- 962037
TI  - [On the application of electric stimulation currents in operations. Concept of a
      clinically applicable device (author's transl)].
AB  - With the use of high voltage electric currents in patients who initally have been
      anaesthetised, the anaesthesiologist faces new aspects. For this reason basic
      principles of physical medicine and medical engineering with respect to special
      problems are described. The majority of impulses current generators used so far
      do not even comply with the first principal requirement of any therapy namely
      knowledge of the dose of the agent applied. A system for electric currents
      crossing the body is outlined, which is characterized by constant current and
      isovoltage-free outlets in connection with a special ECG-amplifier and a control
      pattern. This apparatus for the first time guarantees maximal safety in clinical
      use. First animal experiments demonstrate the possibility of the risk if this
      method is applied in a inexperienced manner: in all animals ventricular
      fibrillation could be achieved when the electrodes were used in a position near
      the heart and there appeared to occur nonspecific reactions when current was
      directed through the brain (ear acupuncture)

PMID- 962038
TI  - [Observations on the course of leucocytes in cardiac surgery under acupuncture
      analgesia (author's transl)].
AB  - In 11 cardiosurgical patients leucocyte and differential counts were made
      performed during and after surgery. In some cases Lymphocyte transformation and
      migration inhibitiontest was studied. Comparing cases under conventional
      neurolept anaesthesia with those who had acupuncture Analgesia
      (electrostimulation) it appeared that the number of leucocytes was rising
      significantly higher in the latter, although the total number of lymphocytes
      remained constant. In lymphocyte transformation and mirgration inhibitiontest the
      observed decrease seemed to be less pronounced. Because a trial applying
      acupuncture in healthy persons resulted in no change in the number of leucocytes,
      it is suggested that the surgical trauma and related catecholamine release might
      be of importance. No definite result could be obtained.

PMID- 962039
TI  - [Electrical stimulation anaesthesia in abdominal surgery in special consideration
      of selective proximal vagotomie (author's transl)].
AB  - 107 abdominal operations were performed using in a combined electrostimulating
      anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was indued by etomidate (about 15 mg) and fentanly
      (about 0,2 mg). After administration of pancuronium (5-7 mg) intubation was
      performed. During continuous intermittent relaxation anaesthesia was maintained
      by a mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen 4:2 (in poor risk patients: 3:3) and
      electrical stimulation at certain body-and ear-points. Electrical stimulation was
      done using impulse currents with frequencies of 10 to 15 Hz and a current
      intensity of about 40 mA. During extremly painful periods of operations 30% of
      the patients showed maximal heart rates and only in 5% of cases did blood
      pressure exceed preoperative values by about 50%. Especially in poor risk
      pateints the results of electro-stimulating anaesthesia are excellent. At this
      time, however, it should not be recommanded as a routine method for general
      surgery; questions concerning regulating mechanisms need to be answered first.

PMID- 962040
TI  - Letter: Acupuncture analgesia.

PMID- 962041
TI  - Determination of vanilmandelic acid in pig urine and chicken feces by gas-liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 962042
TI  - A modified method for determining available lysine in protein recovered from heat
      treated potato juice.

PMID- 962043
TI  - Stability studies on fluorescein isothiocyanate--bovine serum albumin conjugate.

PMID- 962044
TI  - Chromatographic separation of methionine, methionine sulphoxide, methionine
      sulphone, and their products of oral microbial metabolism.

PMID- 962045
TI  - Method for purification of large cyanogen bromide peptides by carboxymethyl
      cellulose chromatography in 8 M urea. Application to the purification of cyanogen
      bromide peptides from staphylcoccal enterotoxin A, phosphoglycerate kinase, and
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 962046
TI  - Actinomycin D binding to DNA and chromatin: a colorimetric procedure suitable for
      the analysis of turbid preparations and for simultaneous processing of several
      samples.

PMID- 962047
TI  - Comparison of fractionation methods for DNA of varying base composition by
      equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation.

PMID- 962048
TI  - Sensitive assay for cellulase and dextranase.

PMID- 962049
TI  - Radio gas chromatography of steroid metabolites by collection of radioactive
      fractions on thin layer chromatography plates.

PMID- 962050
TI  - A rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human luteinizing hormone.

PMID- 962051
TI  - Measurement of thymine dimers in DNA by thin-layer chromatography. II. The use of
      one-dimensional systems.

PMID- 962052
TI  - An examination of the rate assay to determine the active site normality of
      papain.

PMID- 962053
TI  - Preparation of N-alpha-acetyl-l-ornithine from N-alpha-acetyl-L-arginine, a new
      substrate for arginase.

PMID- 962054
TI  - Affinity chromatography of cereal alpha-amylase.

PMID- 962055
TI  - Inhibition of dehydrogenases of sulfonated polystrene, a possible contaminant of
      cation-exchange resins.

PMID- 962056
TI  - The use of sodium dodecylsulphate-acrylamide-gel electrophoresis to analyse
      trypsin preparations.

PMID- 962057
TI  - Isolation of tryptophan-containing peptides by adsorption chromatography.

PMID- 962058
TI  - Decomposition of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine during acid hydrolysis.

PMID- 962059
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of brain adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 962060
TI  - Temperature effects on affinity chromatography of two lectins from the seeds of
      Ricinus communis.

PMID- 962061
TI  - A simplified method for determination of amino sugars in glycoproteins.

PMID- 962062
TI  - Determination of acid-labile sulfide in subchloroplast particles containing
      Triton X-100.

PMID- 962063
TI  - A new radiolabeled protein renin substrate.

PMID- 962064
TI  - A sensitive method for the quantitative estimation of cytochromes a and a3 in
      tissues.

PMID- 962065
TI  - An evaluation of effectiveness of bio-glas in molecular sieving of polypeptides
      in guanidine hydrochloride.

PMID- 962066
TI  - Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of Secretin and gastrin.

PMID- 962067
TI  - Interference by unstable nucleotides in the study of enzymes that cleave N
      glycoside bonds in nucleic acids.

PMID- 962068
TI  - Detection of cytochromes on sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gels by their
      intrinsic fluorescence.

PMID- 962069
TI  - Application of general ligand affinity chromatography for the mutual separation
      of deoxyribonclease and ribonuclease free of protease contamination.

PMID- 962070
TI  - A multiple sample precipitator.

PMID- 962071
TI  - A sensitive competency assay for concanavalin A binding.

PMID- 962072
TI  - Design and construction of a new electrophoretic light-scattering chamber and
      applications to solutions of hemoglobin.

PMID- 962073
TI  - Enzymatic assay for glutathione.

PMID- 962074
TI  - A simple method for the isolation of undegraded giant RNA molecules.

PMID- 962075
TI  - Electrophoretic behavior of oligonuceleotides containing 5-hydroxymethyl
      cytosine.

PMID- 962076
TI  - A fluorometric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in
      tissues.

PMID- 962077
TI  - Detection of proteolytic enzymes in polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 962078
TI  - Liquid scintillation counting of aqueous solutions of potassium salts in a Triton
      X-100/toluene scintillant.

PMID- 962079
TI  - Liquid scintillation counting of aqueous samples using triton-containing
      scintillants.

PMID- 962080
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of beta-aminopropionitrile.

PMID- 962081
TI  - Rapid determination of total nitrogen in biological materials with chromic acid.

PMID- 962082
TI  - Semiautomated gel chromatpgraphy to characterize broad molecular weight
      distributions of cytoplasmic extracts from Coastal Bermuda grass.

PMID- 962083
TI  - A micro-analytical method for measurement of prolactin synthesis in individually
      cultured rat pituitary cells.

PMID- 962084
TI  - Quantitative analysis of total membrane-bound sugars and amino sugars as alditol
      acetates by combined thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and
      radiogas chromatography.

PMID- 962085
TI  - A reliable mapping method for sequence determination of oligodeoxyribonucleotides
      by mobility shift analysis.

PMID- 962086
TI  - A rapid assay for epoxide hydratase activity with benzo (a)pyrene 4,5-(K-region)
      oxide as substrate.

PMID- 962087
TI  - Determination of 2'-O-methyl groups in 32P-labeled RNAs.

PMID- 962088
TI  - Bile acids. XLVIII. Separation of conjugated bile acids by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 962089
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol in cow plasma.

PMID- 962090
TI  - Fluorometric assay of sialic acid in the picomole range: a modification of the
      thiobarbituric acid assay.

PMID- 962091
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of amino acid phenylthiohydantoins:
      comparison with other techniques.

PMID- 962092
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase assay using ion-exchange paper.

PMID- 962093
TI  - Preparative isolation of band 3, the predominant polypeptides of the human
      erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 962094
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectral characteristics of aporphine and
      tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids.

PMID- 962095
TI  - A radiometric method for the determination of choline acetylase activity based on
      thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 962096
TI  - S-Methylation of cysteine residues in peptides and proteins with dimethylsulfate.

PMID- 962097
TI  - Multiple liquid-liquid partition. I. Theory of countercurrent distribution (CCD).

PMID- 962098
TI  - Multiple liquid-liquid partition. II. Theory of Martin--Synge distribution (MSD).

PMID- 962099
TI  - Multiple liquid-liquid partition. III. Comparison of countercurrent distribution
      (CCD) and Martin--Snyge distribution (MSD).

PMID- 962100
TI  - Determination of elastolytic activity with elastin--rhodamine.

PMID- 962101
TI  - Properties and analysis of a stable derivative of pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid for
      use in metabolic studies.

PMID- 962102
TI  - Disruption of solid tissue for plasma membrane preparation.

PMID- 962103
TI  - New chromogenic substrates for X-prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase.

PMID- 962104
TI  - Evaluation of the fluorescamine test for monitoring completion of coupling on
      nitrochloromethylated resin.

PMID- 962105
TI  - Bile and detergent interaction with the radioassay for vitamin B12 binders using
      protein and dextran-covered charcoal.

PMID- 962106
TI  - Highly charged radioactive initiator methionyl transfer RNA from in vivo labeled
      HeLa cells.

PMID- 962107
TI  - Cryptic "photon" quenching in dioxane-based liquid scintillation mixtures.

PMID- 962108
TI  - Purification of human liver acid beta-D-galactosidases using affinity
      chromatography.

PMID- 962109
TI  - Fluorometric determination of DNA in Chlamydomonas.

PMID- 962110
TI  - A new method for determination of molecular weights of proteins by
      electrophoresis across a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gradient
      gel.

PMID- 962111
TI  - An automated continuous determination of oxygen with high sensitivity.

PMID- 962112
TI  - Sensitive, solid-phase assay of proteolytic activity.

PMID- 962113
TI  - Visualization of leucineaminopeptidase activity after acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 962114
TI  - An enzymatic method for the extimation of octopine.

PMID- 962115
TI  - Comparative purity of commercially available sodium dodecyl sulfates: a simple
      criterion.

PMID- 962116
TI  - Preparation of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'
      phosphosulfate (PAPS) prepared by an improved procedure.

PMID- 962117
TI  - Affinity chromatography of Aspergillus acid proteinase on an N, 0
      dibenzyloxycarbonyl-tyrosine-AH-Sepharose 4B column.

PMID- 962118
TI  - Hexokinase binding to polypropylene test tubes. Artifactual activity losses from
      protein binding to disposable plastics.

PMID- 962119
TI  - Identification of aqueous phase amino acid phenylthiohydantoins on polyamide
      sheets.

PMID- 962120
TI  - Rapid separation of cobyrinic acid and its biosynthetic precursors by ion
      exchange paper chromatography.

PMID- 962121
TI  - Effects of luciferin concentration on the quantitative assay of ATP using crude
      luciferase preparations.

PMID- 962122
TI  - Rapid determination of areas of Gaussian curves and diffusion coefficients.

PMID- 962123
TI  - Separation and quantitative determination of 2-acetyl-aminofluorene and its
      hydroxylated metabolites by high pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 962124
TI  - An appraisal of radioiodination methods for peptide mapping.

PMID- 962125
TI  - A differential pulse polarographic assay for O-methylation of catechols by
      catechol-O-methyltransferase.

PMID- 962126
TI  - Rapid and efficient separation and identification of the two molecular forms of
      human adenosine deaminase by thin-layer gel filtration chromatography.

PMID- 962127
TI  - Interaction of epsilon-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-L-lysine with bovine colostral anti
      DNP immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1): concentration independence.

PMID- 962128
TI  - A simple micro-assay for inorganic phosphate.

PMID- 962129
TI  - A combined radiogas chromatograph/mass spectrometer detects intermediates in
      mycophenolic acid biosynthesis.

PMID- 962130
TI  - In vitro RNA iodination with the aid of chloramine T.

PMID- 962131
TI  - Application of glycinamidation to structural studies of hemoglobin.

PMID- 962132
TI  - Ultramicroassay for plasma renin concentration in the rat using the antibody
      trapping technique.

PMID- 962133
TI  - The use of standards in the analysis of fluorescence decay data.

PMID- 962134
TI  - An amino-acid analyzer preamplifier for colorimetry at 405 nm and for coupling to
      a computer.

PMID- 962135
TI  - A method for the isolation of the active principle of Solanum malacoxylon.

PMID- 962136
TI  - Separation of high molecular weight heterodisperse RNA and rRNA by polyacrylamide
      gels.

PMID- 962137
TI  - Improved method for removal of albumin from serum affinity chromatography.

PMID- 962138
TI  - An efficient scintillation radioassay system and sensitive protein assay for
      submilligram quantities of subcellular membranes.

PMID- 962139
TI  - Advances in the analysis of amino acid phenylthiohydantoins by high performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 962140
TI  - Comparison of porcine liver tRNA preparations: purification of tRNA and its
      separation from RNA-peptidyl complexes.

PMID- 962141
TI  - Direct microdetermination of manganese in normal serum and cerebrospinal fluid by
      flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

PMID- 962142
TI  - Determination of platinum and palladium in blood and urine by flameless atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry.

PMID- 962143
TI  - Standards for iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc in laser microprobe emission
      spectrometry of biological material.

PMID- 962144
TI  - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance
      determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulates.

PMID- 962145
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative analyses of bansyl derivatives of dopamine and some
      of its metabolites in urine samples by electron impact and field desorption mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 962146
TI  - Ultraviolet derivatization of digitalis glycosides as 4-nitrobenzoates for liquid
      chromatographic trace analysis.

PMID- 962147
TI  - Determination of aromatic amines by an adsorption technique with flame ionization
      gas chromatography.

PMID- 962148
TI  - Amperometric response enhancement of the immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme
      electrode.

PMID- 962149
TI  - Characterization of trace metal--organic interactions by anodic stripping
      voltammetry.

PMID- 962150
TI  - Standardization of methods for the determination of traces of mercury. Part II.
      Determination of total mercury in materials containing organic matter.

PMID- 962151
TI  - An enzyme electrode based on immobilized arylsulfatase for the selective assay of
      sulfate ion.

PMID- 962152
TI  - Determination of total mercury in workroom air by atomic absorption or X-ray
      fluorescence spectrometry after collection on carbon-loaded paper.

PMID- 962153
TI  - Kinetic determination of adrenaline, L-dopa and their mixtures with a stopped
      flow spectrophotometric technique.

PMID- 962154
TI  - Determination of aluminium in biological tissue by flameless atomic absorption
      spectrometry.

PMID- 962155
TI  - A rapid method for the determination of methylmercury chloride in water samples
      by gas chromatography with a microwave emission spectrometric detector.

PMID- 962156
TI  - [Research on optimal conditions of function of a lactate-specific enzyme
      electrode. Application to its determination in blood].

PMID- 962157
TI  - An enzyme reactor electrode for determination of amino acids.

PMID- 962158
TI  - Sensitive infrared measurement of pilocarpine--isopilocarpine isomerization.

PMID- 962159
TI  - The spectrophotometric determination of arsenic in sea water, potable water and
      effluents.

PMID- 962160
TI  - An activated enzyme electrode for creatinine.

PMID- 962161
TI  - An automatic potentiometric analyzer for atmospheric hydrogen fluoride
      determinations.

PMID- 962162
TI  - Assay of cholinesterase in an electrode system with an immobilized substrate.

PMID- 962163
TI  - Stability of flavonoid complexes of copper(II) and flavonoid antioxidant
      activity.

PMID- 962164
TI  - Generation of standard metal oxide particulates in the respirable range.

PMID- 962165
TI  - Determination of lead in confection wrappers by atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 962166
TI  - Epithermal neutron activation analysis of elements present in trace quantities in
      biological materials.

PMID- 962167
TI  - Gas chromatography--atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of
      tetraalkyllead compounds.

PMID- 962168
TI  - Adrenal cortical hormones in the spermatic vein of 95 patients with left
      varicocele.
AB  - Adrenocortical hormones were measured in the peripheral and spermatic venous
      blood samples, taken simultaneously at the time of a high vasoligation for left
      varicocele in 95 patients. Our results do not confirm the hypothesis of MacLeod
      that the deleterious effects of a varicocele on male fertility are caused by an
      higher local concentration of adrenocortical hormones, due to venous reflux
      through incompetent valves. If this is the case it occurs only in a minority of
      patients.

PMID- 962169
TI  - Kinetics of the male gametogenesis.
AB  - The kinetics of the male gametogenesis during the pregonadal period,
      prespermatogenesis, and "early" spermatogenesis has been described in detail.
      Concerning spermatogenesis in the adult individual reference is made to the
      articles of Courot, Hochereau-de Reviers and Ortavant (1970) and of Clermont
      (1972). The comparison of female and male gametogenesis (Fig. 1) shows that the
      "gonia stage" (asterisks) of the female germ cells is limited to one
      proliferation wave only, whereas the "gonia stage" of the male germ cells
      consists of a first proliferation wave, comparable to that of oogonia, a
      preparative phase to initiate spermatogenesis, and a second proliferation wave
      with renewal and differentiation of the spermatogonia. Germ cells in the "gonia
      stage" are highly sensitive towards ionising radiation and cytostatic drugs.

PMID- 962170
TI  - Comparative cytomorphologic aspects of the male germ cells, especially of the
      "Gonia".
AB  - During early development of the human testis the male germ cell first appears as
      primordial germ cell or gonocyte and enters the prospermatogonial stage after the
      twelfth week of gestation. Prospermatogonia lack glycogen particles and are
      connected by intercellular bridges. During the same period in the ovary the
      female germ cell undergoes its oogonial stage. Prospermatogonial and oogonial
      development have been studied histologically in three laboratory species (white
      mouse, Acomys caharhinus dimidiatus. golden hamster). According to the
      therminolgy of Hilscher et al. (1974) proposed for the rat, prospermatogonia have
      to be subdivided into M- T (1)- and T (2)-prospermatogonia. In the ovary they
      correspond to oogonia, oocytes in the prophase of meiosis and oocytes in the
      diplotene stage.

PMID- 962171
TI  - Longitudinal growth of the seminiferous tubules in LH and FSH treated rats.
AB  - New born Sprague Dawley rats were injected daily either with 50 (n=8), 100 (9) or
      200 (10) mug FSH; with 50 (9), 100 (5), 200 (10) mug LH; with a combination of 50
      mug FSH + 50 mug LH (10); or with the vehicle 0.9% saline (10). The animals were
      sacrificied at an age of 16 days. There was no influence of the hormones on the
      body weight. FSH caused a dose dependant stimulation of the testes growth (163,
      186, 227 mg for the 50, 100 and 200 mug group; control 139 mg; diff. to control P
      less than or equal to 0.05, 0.01, and 0.01), whereas LH had no effect (123, 154
      and 133 mg for the 50, 100 and 200 mug. LH group). The weight of the seminal
      vesicles was increased slightly by LH only (Diff. to control P less than 0l01).
      The serum androgen level was not changed by any of the treatments. The stage of
      the spermatogenesis was not altered by the hormones. There was no significant
      difference in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules. The higher testes weight
      after FSH administration was caused by an increase of length of the seminiferous
      tubules (25 m, 30 m and 35 m for 50 mug, 100 mug, and 200 mug FSH; control 23 m;
      diff.: P less than or equal to 0.05, less than or equal to 0.01, less than or
      equal to 0.01). The conclusion is that FSH has a specific effect on the
      longitudinal growth of the seminiferous tubules in prepubertal rats.

PMID- 962172
TI  - Variation in the stock of testicular stem cells and in the yield of
      spermatogonial divisions in ram and bull testes.
AB  - Two types of stem spermatogonia- type A0 and A1 spermatogonia- have been observed
      in ram and bull testes. Type A0 spermatogonia are present in the impuberal
      testis. Their total number/testis does not vary greatly during life of bull. Type
      A0 spermatogonia give rise to type A1 spermatogonia which appear at the onset of
      spermatogenesis; their total number/testis increases during and after puberty.
      Total numbers of type A0 and A1 spermatogonia/testis are not correlated in the
      ram while total numbers of type A1 spermatogonia and Sertoli cells are
      correlated. Hemicastration performed in impuberal calves induces an increase in
      numbers of Sertoli cell/type A1 spermatogonia/testis. In adult ram, the total
      number of A0 and A1 spermatogonia decreases during the non sexual season and
      increase again in the sexual season. After hypophysectomy performed in adult
      rams, the number of A0 spermatogonia/testis is not modified while that of A1
      spermatogonia decreases. In ram and bull, 6 spermatogonial generations were
      detected before the germ cells undergo meiosis. In the adult ram and bull, the
      type A1 spermatogonia originate mostly after divisions of A2 spermatogonia. Few
      of them arise from A0 spermatogonia. The yield of primary spermatocytes from
      spermatogonial divisions is very low, one third and one half of the expected
      number in the bull and ram respectively. In ram, thus yield positively correlated
      to LH plasma levels (0.5; P = 0.05). In hypophysectomized ram, this yield is
      nearly equal to zero.

PMID- 962173
TI  - Kinetics of histone and protamine synthesis during meiosis and spermiogenesis in
      the mouse.
AB  - The separation of mouse spermatogenic cell nuclei by sedimentation velocity at
      unit gravity has been used to determine the timing of histone and "mouse
      protamine" synthesis, and the turnover of basic nuclear proteins throughout
      spermatogenesis. Animals were injected with 3H-arginine or 3H-lysine and at
      various time intervals (2 hours post-label or from 1 to 30 days post-label)
      germinal cell nuclei preparations were separated on the staput. Labelled histones
      and mouse protamine were extracted from staput separated nuclei with
      hydrocholoric acid and fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Results indicate that histones are synthesized in association with DNA
      replication in spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes, in pachytene primary
      spermatocytes and in spermatids stages 11-16, simultaneously with "mouse
      protamine". Experiments are reported showing that histones synthesized in
      pachytene primary spermatocytes and in spermatids stages 11-16 are retained in
      epididymal spermatozoa, while histones synthesized before meiosis are no longer
      detectable onto chromatin after meiosis.

PMID- 962174
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on the differentiation of spermatids in man.
AB  - Ultrastructural aspects of the normal development of human spermatids are
      presented. Eight typical pictures of differentiation of spermatids are described
      based on cytological details of the acrosome, nucleus and tail. The transient
      appearance of a spindle-shaped body, connected to the principal piece of the
      tail, is pointed out. In most cases, malformed spermatids have developmental
      disturbances of only one component of the cell, e.g. of the acrosome, nucleus or
      tail. Some typical malformations are described.

PMID- 962175
TI  - Soluble proteins of guinea pig seminal vesicle lumen: purification and partial
      characterization.
AB  - Luminal contents of guinea pig seminal vesicle were extracted with 0.154 M NaCl
      and the soluble protein fraction was studied by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100
      column chromatography; anionic, cationic, and SDS-polyarcylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis; isoelectric focusing; molecular weight determinations by SDS
      polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis; analysis for neutral carbohydrate;
      sucrose density-gradient centrifugation for determination of sedimentation
      coefficients; and amino acid analyses. Four protein fractions (referred to as
      proteins 1, 2, 3, and 4 in order to elution) were obtained by DEAE-cellulose
      column chromatography. Proteins 1, 2, and 4 gave single major bands in multiple
      disc gel electrophoretic systems. Protein 3 gave one major band and one minor
      component believed to be a fragment of a primary vesicular protein. Protein 1 is
      very basic and probably represents the clotting protein of guinea pig semen. The
      three nonclotting proteins could not be detected in serum and are probably
      intrinsic to seminal vesicle epithelium. All four proteins were found in animals
      weighing 700 g or more; only two of the three nonclotting proteins were found in
      more than half of the younger animals. This makes it even more likely that one or
      more of the nonclotting proteinc could serve as a useful gene marker in studies
      of androgen mechanisms.

PMID- 962176
TI  - [Animal experimental studies on the effects of noise stress on male fertility].
AB  - Psychic stress is able to cause male infertility. Stieve found out
      aspermatogenesis in executed men. Cockett et al. immobilized 5 Macaca-Monkeys 15
      to 40 days in capsule module under simulated space flight conditions and detected
      severe testicular degeneration. Carosi and Calabro reported about workers exposed
      to industrial noise over a period of years; the number of offspring was found to
      be much lower than in non exposed families. We examined the effect of noise on
      the fertility of 21 male guinea pigs. Sounding of 110 dB lasted 3-5 hours daily
      over a period of 22-31 days. Histological examination of the testicular tissue
      did not show any disorder of spermatogenesis. We believe that the negative result
      is attributed to failings in the test arrangement. Sounding only lasted for a
      maximum of 31 days. However, the duration of spermatogenesis in guinea pigs is
      about 40 days. Moreover the sounding maximum was only 5 hours per day, yet the
      time of recovery took 4-5 times longer every day. Consequently the daily short
      term depression of the neuroendrocrinium affected the gonadotropine secretion in
      similarity to the daily biorhythmic variation. Therefore the expected inhibition
      of fertility by the neuroendrocrinic way could not be demonstrated. Our
      experiments also revealed another problem. In noise-exposed guinea pigs there was
      8.2 per cent tubuli contorti without complete spermatogenesis. Moreover, in the
      control group even 9.9 per cent of the tubuli was found to be sperm-free. It is
      not clear why such a contrary reaction occurred. However, it is possible that
      hormonal stimulation increased temporarily as a result of noise stress. It should
      be noted that this effect has also been reported by Arguellis.

PMID- 962177
TI  - Editorial: Do let the blood pressure drop and do use myocardial depressants!

PMID- 962178
TI  - Halothane-induced decrease in experimental myocardial ischemia in the non-failing
      canine heart.
AB  - The effect of halothane on net myocardial oxygen balance of ischemic myocardium
      was studied in the non-failing canine heart. Myocardial ischemia was produced by
      repeated reversible occlusions of a coronary artery; the severity of ischemia was
      estimated by summating ST-segment elevations (sigma ST) obtained by epicardial
      ECG mapping at 15 to 18 sites. Control measurements were obtained before and
      after administration of halothane (0.75 per cent) to six dogs with chloralose
      urethane basal anesthesia. Halothane was associated with significant decreases of
      systemic arterial pressure (P less than .001), heart rate (P less than .01), and
      the product of systolic arterial pressure X heart rate (P less than .01), an
      indirect index of myocardial oxygen consumption, while left atrial pressure
      remained unchanged at normal levels. sigmaST during occlusion was less (P less
      .001) during halothane (26.5 +/- 7.4 (SD) mv) than before (36.6 +/- 5.4 mv) or
      after (34.4 +/- 8.2 mv) its administration. Thus, halothane decreased the
      severity of experimentally-induced myocardial ischemia in the non-failing canine
      heart. The data suggest that, in the absence of ventricular failure, halothane
      influences the relationship between myocardial oxygen supply and demand in a
      favorable direction when coronary blood flow is limited.

PMID- 962179
TI  - Onset of succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia following denervation.
AB  - Denervation injuries in baboons were used to define the time course of the
      hyperkalemic response to succinylcholine. Half-peak increase in serum potassium
      (2.78 mEq/l) occurred 8.4 days following injury. Peak increase (5.5 mEq/l)
      appeared 14 days after injury. However, changes in potassium levels begin as
      early as four days after injury. Succinylcholine or other depolarizing muscle
      relaxants should not be used after the fourth day following an injury or
      denervation that involves two or more limbs.

PMID- 962180
TI  - The effects of diazepam on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in rats and
      its synergistic interaction with nitrous oxide.
AB  - The effects of diazepam on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen uptake
      (CMRO2) was studied using a 133xenon modification of the Kety-Schmidt (1948)
      technique in paralyzed, artifically ventilated rats with and without simultaneous
      administration of 70 per cent nitrous oxide. Diazepam was given iv in doses that
      induced light to heavy sedation or general anesthesia. When given with 70 per
      cent nitrous oxide, diazepam in sedative and anesthetic doses lowered CBF and
      CMRO2 to about 60 per cent of control. In the absence of nitrous oxide all doses
      of diazepam caused moderate (20-30 per cent) decreases in CBF, but CMRO2 remained
      unchanged or was only slightly lowered. It is concluded that diazepam interacts
      with nitrous oxide to produce a reduction in CMRO2 similar to that seen in
      barbiturate anesthesia, but that alone the drug produces sedation and anesthesia
      without a comparable decrease in CMRO2.

PMID- 962181
TI  - Sodium nitroprusside: pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutics.
AB  - Sodium nitroprusside is a potent, effective, and readily reversible direct
      vasodilating agent. It is broken down by hemoglobin into cyanide, which is in
      part detoxified by liver and kidney to thiocyanate. Some cyanide, especially in
      nitroprusside- "resistant" individuals who need large amounts of the drug,
      appears to remain free to cause cyanide poisoning. Patients requiring inordinate
      amounts probably should not continue to receive the drug, although maximum dosage
      limits for long-term therapy are not established. Blood thiocyanate levels do not
      indicate the extent to which free cyanide is limiting oxygen utilization in
      essential tissue, nor do blood cyanide levels. Metabolic acidosis, elevated
      lactate levels, elevated lactate/pyruvate ratios, and elevated mixed venous blood
      oxygen content are at present the best indications of the presence of cyanide
      poisoning during nitroprusside administration. Nitroprusside appears useful for
      induction of hypotension during surgery, and for treatment of hypertensive
      emergencies from all causes, although continuance for more than a few days is
      probably unwise. The reductions of cardiac afterload and ventricular filling
      pressure by nitroprusside appear useful in treatment of severe myocardial failure
      or infarction, but studies of myocardial cyanide toxicity are needed before
      complete acceptance of this therapy is warranted. Initial dose rates between 0.5
      and 1.5 mug/kg/min are recommended only as starting points for very careful
      titration. Total projected intra-operative dosage should be calculated as quickly
      as possible and should not exceed 3-3.5 mg/kg. It is hoped that future studies
      will reveal the maximum dose of nitroprusside that can safely be metabolized in a
      24-hour period, and may indicate that cofactors of rhodanase such as thiosulfate,
      or cobalamins such as hydroxocobalamin, can be administered with nitroprusside to
      prevent cyanide poisoning.

PMID- 962182
TI  - A flask for preparation of standards in gas chromatography.
AB  - An inexpensive modification to the stopcock of a conventional gas-sampling bulb
      permits convenient preparation of standards for gas chromatography.

PMID- 962183
TI  - Errors in intraoperative hematocrit determination.

PMID- 962184
TI  - Scavenging system for the Harvey blood oxygenator.

PMID- 962185
TI  - Prolonged depression of respiratory rate following methadone analgesia.

PMID- 962186
TI  - Diagonal ear-lobe crease as an indicator of operative risk.

PMID- 962187
TI  - Pulmonary interstitial edema after multiple venous air emboli.

PMID- 962188
TI  - Chronic hematoma--a complication of percutaneous catheterization of the internal
      jugular vein.

PMID- 962189
TI  - Letter: Dose, potency, and square root of time.

PMID- 962190
TI  - Genotype and retention of the ejaculatory reflex in castrated male mice.
AB  - Genotype proves to be an important factor affecting the retention of sexual
      responsiveness following castration. Male F1 hybrids between C57BL/6 females and
      DBA/2 males (B6D2F1) show very prolonged retention. Experiment 1 used a diallelic
      design using C57BL/6, DBA/2 and BALB/c strains and showed that heterosis per se
      is not an adequate explanation of the superior retention of the B6D2F1 genotype.
      Experiment 2 showed that neonatal injections of 100 mug TP to B6D2F1 male mice
      did not result in better retention of the ejaculatory reflex after castration in
      adulthood. B6D2F1 males from both experiments who exhibited the ejaculatory
      reflex for many months after castration went through a 'difficult period' in the
      first 10 to 12 postcastration weeks. During this time, ejaculation latency
      increased fourfold, and then returned to the original level. On the other hand,
      the proportion of males reaching the ejaculatory threshold during this period
      first declined then increased.

PMID- 962191
TI  - Effects of adrenalectomy on the sexual behaviour of castrated and intact BDF1
      mice.
AB  - Two experiments investigate the effects of adrenalectomy on the capacity of male
      mice of the BDF1 genotype (C57B1/6Fa male X DBA/2 female) to retain sexual
      behaviour following castration. Adrenalectomy is without effect and it is
      suggested that androgens can play no part in the maintenance of sexual behaviour
      in these castrates.

PMID- 962192
TI  - Postcastration retention of sexual behaviour in the male BDF1 mouse: the role of
      experience.
AB  - Male BDF1 mice (the F1 progeny of a cross between C57BL/6 females with DBA/2
      males) show a remarkable retention of sexual behaviour following castration. Two
      experiments were conducted to describe in detail the postcastration copulatory
      performance of the BDF1 male mouse and to determine to what extent such
      performance is influenced by experience prior to castration. Experiment I found
      that castration leads to significant increases  in the number of mounts and
      intromissions needed to reach ejaculation, and to a significant increase in
      ejaculation latency. Experiment II found that although precastrational sexual
      experience is not essential for the performance of the ejaculatory reflex after
      castration, it does influence the frequency of its occurrence. Furthermore, type
      of post-weaning social experience influenced the display of ejaculatory behaviour
      by non-experienced castrates, as those with female social experience were
      superior to those with social experience with males or no social experience. The
      interactions of experience, hormones and genotype in the control of sexual
      behaviour in the BDF1 male are discussed.

PMID- 962193
TI  - Communication and spatial relationships in a colony of common grackles.
AB  - Most communication among common grackles Quiscalus quiscula occurs at distances
      of less than a few metres in the noisy environment of a breeding colony. This
      report examines both the adaptations of communication to these conditions and the
      effects of communication in regulating individual's spatial relationships. For
      each of six vocalizations and five action patterns studied in one colony, I
      consider variation in the form of the display, the circumstances associated with
      its use, and the responses it elicits. Each individual, male or female, has one
      characteristic, stereotyped song pattern that would facilitate individual
      recognition between mates. Variation in the components of vocalizations and
      action patterns is of two kinds: unidimensional, with either covarying or nested
      components, or multidimensional, with independently varying components,
      alternatives that have different implications for communication. The wide
      spectrum sounds made by common grackles offer advantages in close-range
      communication in colonies, because the ease of locating such signals would
      minimize the cocktail-party effect, although they would have disadvantages in
      long-range communication. Most vocalizations of common grackles lack assocations
      with specific responses or external contexts, a situation that should often
      characterize short-range communication between acquainted individuals. The
      responses to vocalizations vary with context, especially the initial spatial
      relationships and identities of the interactors.

PMID- 962194
TI  - The effects of pregnancy on asthma: a prospective study.
AB  - Forty-seven pregnant asthmatics were studied in a prospective study. Maternal
      asthma was exacerbated in 43%, most often in the last trimester. Normal
      physiologic alterations of pregnancy are reviewed as plausable explanations for
      the course of asthmatic patients during pregnancy.

PMID- 962195
TI  - The impact of chronic asthma on the developing child: observations made in a
      group setting.
AB  - Fourteen asthmatic children between 11 and 14 years of age participated in weekly
      group discussion sessions for nine months. The purposes were to allow open
      discussion about asthma, to mutually educate the children and staff about the
      medical and social implications of their disease and to give the patients a
      chance to deal with adults without fear of reprimand or betrayal of trust. Anger,
      envy, fear, sadness and guilt were the emotions predominant in the sessions.
      Group sessions may offer a further modality in the total care of the asthmatic
      child.

PMID- 962196
TI  - Anaphylaxis after ingestion of sodium bisulfite.

PMID- 962197
TI  - Penicillin-associated pulmonary hypersensitivity reaction and interstitial
      nephritis.

PMID- 962198
TI  - Prolonged bleeding times after aspirin ingestion in patients with aspirin
      idiosyncrasy.
AB  - Measurements of the bleeding time after the ingestion of small doses of aspirin
      in patients with aspirin idiosyncrasy demonstrate a marked prolongation compared
      with control patients. Confirmation of this finding offers a clue to the
      pathogenesis of this condition. Despite the prolonged bleeding time,
      gastrointestinal haemorrhage is an uncommon event in patients with aspirin
      idiosyncrasy.

PMID- 962199
TI  - Letter: Presidential address.

PMID- 962200
TI  - Letter: Allergic urinary problems.

PMID- 962201
TI  - Properties and relationships of broad bean stain virus and Echtes
      Ackerbohnenmosaik-Virus.

PMID- 962202
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of prepubertal porcine uterine tube epithelium.
AB  - Ultrastructural details of prepubertal porcine uterine tube (oviduct) were
      studied in normal, growing gilts and compared with observations reported in other
      species. Tissues from the ampulla region of uterine tube were taken from 6
      prepubertal gilts (106 to 139 days old) to determine cytodifferentiation of
      ciliated and secretory cells. The epithelium consisted of 2 distinctive cells,
      the ciliated and the secretory cells. Cilia were observed in the uterine tube of
      prepubertal gilts; however, degeneration of cilia was not observed in the present
      study. Most prominent observations were the occurrence of fibrous granules in the
      apical cytoplasm of ciliated cells. These fibrous granules contained electron
      dense material and were present near basal bodies. The most unusual feature was
      the occurrence of procentrioles around a condensation form. These data indicate
      that ciliated cells are sensitive to estrogen. Intimate morphologic association
      between fibrous granules and basal bodies indicate that fibrous granules might
      provide precursor material for the development of cilia and rootlets. The
      cytoplasm of the secretory cells contained rough endoplasmic reticulum of tubular
      form and numerous ribosomes. Evidence for synthesis, storage, and release of
      secretory granules was not apparent. It is suggested that the secretory cells are
      not sensitive to the low, circulating concentration of plasma estrogen. The
      ultrastructure of the stromal cells and lymphatic capillary was described for the
      1st time. The uterine tube stromal cells were characterized by prominent nucleus
      and a few cytoplasmic organelles. The lymphatic capillaries were distinguished by
      the blood capillaries, their much wider lumen, endothelium with an attenuated
      cytoplasm, absence of basal lamina, and overlapping and interdigitating
      intercellular junctions. The fine structure of the porcine uterine tube lymphatic
      capillary generally resembled that of other mammalian species.

PMID- 962203
TI  - Sequential changes of estrogens and progesterone at prostaglandin-induced
      parturition in the sow.
AB  - Parenteral administration of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) is efficient in
      inducing parturition in late pregnant swine. The purpose in the present study was
      to investigate the sequential changes of progesterone and estrogens at
      prostaglandin-induced parturition in the sow. Six of 7 sows (86%) treated once
      intramuscularly with 12.5 mg of PGF2alpha on days 110, 111, 112, or 113 of
      pregnancy farrowed within 39 hours after the injection. One PGF2alpha-treated sow
      and 2 sows given placebo injections on days 110 and 111 of pregnancy farrowed 90
      to 130 hours later. The injection of PGF2alpha decreased the peripheral plasma
      concentration of progesterone in a manner similar to that observed immediately
      prepartum in normally farrowing sows. Estrogen patterns were similar in PGF2alpha
      treated and control sows.

PMID- 962204
TI  - Decoquinate in the control of experimentally induced coccidiosis of calves.
AB  - Decoquinate administered orally in a grain mix at dosages of 0.5, 0.538, 0.7, and
      0.8 mg/kg of body weight suppressed oocyst discharge and bloody diarrhea in
      calves inoculated 3 days later with 100,000 oocysts of Eimeria bovis (experiment
      1, n = 12 calves) or with 100,000 oocysts each of E bovis and Eimeria zuernii
      (experiment 2, n = 16 calves). Doses of 0.1, 0.163, 0.243, 0.3, and 0.362 mg/kg
      of body weight gave only partial suppression of oocyst discharge and diarrhea.
      Clinical signs of coccidiosis did not recur for 23 days after the treatment was
      discontinued.

PMID- 962205
TI  - Changes of biochemical constituents in bovine fetal fluids with gestational age.
AB  - Serum, amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, stomach contents, and urine were taken
      from 141 bovine fetuses 120 to 245 days old. The concentrations of the
      biochemical constituents were examined in tests to ascertain systematic changes
      with increasing crown-rump length, i.e., gestational age. As the crown-rump
      length increased, glucose concentrations decreased in allantoic fluid, amniotic
      fluid, and stomach contents; creatinine and uric acid concentrations increased in
      serum, allantoic fluid, and stomach contents; thyroxine concentrations increased
      in serum and allantoic fluid; potassium decreased in amniotic fluid and stomach
      contents; and total iron-binding capacity increased in amniotic fluid. The data
      in the present report can be used to identify the fetal fluid obtained by
      amniocentesis, to estimate the age of the fetus, and to aid the diagnosis of
      nutritional or infective processes that might affect the fetus.

PMID- 962206
TI  - Cutaneous hypersensitivity and isoantibody production in cattle injected with
      live or inactivated Anaplasma marginale in bovine and ovine erythrocytes.
AB  - Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and the production of isoagglutinins against
      normal bovine erythrocytes were measured in cattle inoculated with erythrocytic
      preparations containing live or inactivated Anaplasma marginale. The effect of
      blood group substances versus parasitic components on induction of delayed
      cutaneous hypersensitivity and isoimmunity was examined by using test antigens
      derived from normal and parasitized erythrocytes, virulent A marginale in bovine
      erythrocytes, and attenuated A marginale in ovine erythrocytes. The use of
      inactivated vaccine of bovine origin induced production of isoantibodies and
      cutaneous hypersensitivity to both bovine and ovine blood group factors, whereas
      a similar vaccine preparation of ovine origin stimulated antibodies and cutaneous
      reactivity only against ovine blood group factors.

PMID- 962207
TI  - Utilization of proteins by the equine species.
AB  - Protein digestion, nitrogen retention, plasma protein, plasma urea, and plasma
      free amino acids were determined for ponies fed 3 different protein supplements.
      Substitution of casein, corn gluten meal, or corn gluten meal plus lysine for a
      portion of the cornstarch in a low-protein basal ration increased apparent
      digestion of protein. Substitution with either casein or corn gluten meal plus
      lysine produced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in nitrogen retention,
      whereas the corn gluten meal substitution did not. Nitrogen retention, expressed
      as percentage of nitrogen absorbed, was increased significantly (P less than
      0.05) by the addition of casein to the basal ration. Significant change in plasma
      protein concentration did not occur when different sources of protein were added
      to the basal ration, but plasma urea nitrogen increased significantly (P less
      than 0.05) in the ponies given the casein variation of the ration. Lysine
      supplementation resulted in a marked increase in plasma lysine concentration.
      Seemingly the equine species responds to differences in the quality of dietary
      protein.

PMID- 962208
TI  - Feline glomeruli: morphologic comparisons in normal, autolytic, and diseased
      kidneys.
AB  - Twelve cats were used to study autolytic changes in glomerular morphology and
      compare these with lesions of naturally occurring feline renal disease. The 12
      cats had normal clinical, urinary, and blood features. One kidney (0-hour
      control) was excised immediately after a given cat was euthanatized, and portions
      of it were prepared for light and electron microscopy. The opposite kidney
      (autolytic) remained in situ for selected postmortem intervals, up to 24 hours,
      at which time it was similarly processed. Renal tissues from 4 additional cats (3
      with proteinuria and 1 with diabetes mellitus) were processed and examined for
      comparison. Zero-hour control kidneys had the following mean quantitations: renal
      weight was 9.9 g; glomerular diameter, 83 mum; number of cells per glomerulus in
      1-mum section was 63; and diameter of cell nuclei was 6.3 mum for mesangial, 6.7
      mum for visceral epithelial, and 6.4 mum for endothelial. In comparison with 0
      hour control kidneys, autolytic kidneys had increased weight and glomerular
      diameter, but the diameter of cell nuclei decreased. Basement membrane thickness
      and glomerular cell numbers did not differ between 0-hour control and autolytic
      kidneys. Kidneys from 4 diseased cats had increased glomerular diameter and
      glomerular basement membrane changes characterized by hyalin thickening and dense
      deposits. These changes are compatible with a lesion diagnosis of membranous
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 962209
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of selenium-vitamin E-deficient
      chicks.
AB  - Chicks fed a semisynthetic basal diet deficient in selenium and vitamin E for 14
      to 22 days developed skeletal myodegeneration and exudative diathesis. Chicks fed
      the basal diet supplemented with either 0.2 ppm of selenium (as selenite) or 100
      IU alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg were protected from deficiency disease, but chicks
      fed the basal diet plus 0.4% L-cystine were not protected. Pectoral muscles of
      deficient chicks were red and edematous. Light and electron microscopic study of
      affected muscles revealed fibers with hyaline and granular degeneration. In
      hyalinized fibers, the initial ultrastructural alterations were increased density
      of the sarcoplasm and myofibrils, dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, formation
      of subsarcolemmal vacuoles, and disruption of mitochondrial membranes. In later
      stages, alterations in these fibers included myofibrillar disruption and lysis,
      nuclear pyknosis and lysis, disruption of the plasma membrane with persistence of
      basal lamina and scattered adhering satellite cells, and eventual invasion by
      macrophages. In fibers with granular degeneration, the ultrastructural
      observations included decreased density of the sarcoplasm, prominent
      mitochondrial swelling and distortion, and multiple foci of myofibrillar lysis
      that eventually coalesced to produce generalized lysis. Prominent vascular
      lesions associated with exudative diathesis were present in degenerated muscle
      but were not considered to precede development of fiber alterations. Affected
      blood vessels had endothelial cells with mitochondrial damage and accumulations
      of cytoplasmic dense bodies and areas of endothelial disruption with adhering
      fibrin thrombi.

PMID- 962210
TI  - Age-dependent resistance of chickens to salmonella in vitro: phagocytic and
      bactericidal activities of splenic phagocytes.
AB  - The phagocytic and bactericidal activities to Salmonella pullorum (strain 9-25)
      or Salmonella senftenberg (strain 99D) were examined in chicken splenic
      phagocytes from 0-day-old to 2-month-old chickens. The phagocytic activity
      against S pullorum increased in splenic phagocytes from chickens older than 7
      days, but significant changes in activity against S senftenberg were not observed
      during the experimental period. The bactericidal activity of splenic phagocytes
      against S senftenberg was higher than that of phagocytes against S pullorum
      during the same period. Increase of the bactericidal activity against S pullorum
      was observed with increasing age, but the activity of the splenic phagocytes from
      0-day-old chickens against S senftenberg was similar to that of the phagocytes
      from 2-month-old chickens. Although delayed hypersensitivity was confirmed by
      delayed wattle reaction in 2-month-old chickens sensitized with living S
      pullorum, the sensitization did not markedly affect phagocytic and bactericidal
      activities.

PMID- 962211
TI  - Effect of diethylcarbamazine on indexes of fertility in the male dog.
AB  - Four nondescript male dogs were given diethylcarbamazine citrate for 6 months at
      the rate of 13.2 mg/kg/day, twice the daily dose recommended for prevention of
      heartworm infections; 4 nonmedicated dogs were sham controls. Semen was collected
      and evaluated weekly or monthly for 6 months. There was no statistically
      significant deterioration in quantity, morphology, motility, or viability of
      sperm from the medicated dogs as compared with that of the controls.

PMID- 962212
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid creatine phosphokinase in the normal dog.
AB  - Sixty-seven cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from 44 healthy dogs were
      assayed for creatine phosphokinase enzyme activity. All samples contained 1 Sigma
      unit or less of creatine phosphokinase. Temporal variability within individuals
      was minimal. The biological characteristics and potential use of this enzyme in
      neurologic disease are discussed.

PMID- 962213
TI  - Serum cortisol (hydrocortisone) values in normal dogs as determined by
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay method was utilized to determine serum cortisol
      (hydrocortisone) concentrations in normal dogs. The mean value was 2.32 mug/dl
      (minimum, 0.94; maximum, 3.70; with a coefficient of variation of 29.7%). Samples
      had been collected in the morning of the diurnal cycle. The cortisol antibody
      used was highly specific for cortisol and showed little cross reaction with other
      common physiologic corticosteroids, when they were assayed, using the
      radioimmunoassay procedure described.

PMID- 962214
TI  - Pharmacology of procaine in the horse: a preliminary report.
AB  - Rapid intravenous injection of 1 g of procaine hydrochloride in Thoroughbred
      mares produced variable signs of central nervous system excitation for as long as
      4 minutes. Plasma concentrations of procaine were similarly variable and
      transient, decreasing with a half-life of approximately 25 minutes. In vitro,
      plasma from freshly collected equine blood hydrolyzed procaine with a half-life
      of approximately 7.5 minutes. This hydrolysis was apparently due to plasma
      esterases. Penicillin, when added free or complexed as procaine-penicillin, did
      not protect procaine against hydrolysis by these plasma esterases at pH 7.4.

PMID- 962215
TI  - Susceptibility of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) to Mycobacterium
      paratuberculosis.
AB  - Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were exposed to Mycobacterium
      paratuberculosis by intraperitoneal and oral routes. Fourteen weeks after
      exposure, the gerbils were necropsied and tissues were cultured and examined
      microscopically. Results of the study showed that gerbils can be infected with M
      paratuberculosis but are not suitable for studies of paratuberculosis.

PMID- 962216
TI  - Esculin hydrolysis by Streptococcus dysgalactiae.
AB  - In a mastitis control program based on eradication of intramammary infection, it
      is important to differentiate streptococci. According to earlier reports,
      Streptococcus dysgalactiae was unable to hydrolyze esculin. Preliminary data from
      the present study indicated that under optimal conditions, some strains of S
      dysgalactiae were capable of esculin hydrolysis. In a study of 45 strains of S
      dysgalactiae, 55.5% were able to hydrolyze esculin. In the past, these organisms
      would probably have been identified as Streptococcus uberis. Streptococcus
      dysgalactiae is more sensitive to antibiotics than S uberis, and the infection is
      easier to eradicate from infected glands.

PMID- 962217
TI  - Extracellular antigens of Moraxella bovis.
AB  - The extracellular antigens of 2 isolates of Moraxella bovis were isolated by
      ammonium sulfate precipitation of cell-free culture filtrate, purified by
      filtration and differentiated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic
      techniques. The extracellular filtrate from rough types had 2 specific
      extracellular antigens in addition to those in the culture filtrate of smooth
      type cells of the same isolate. The extracellular antigens produced by smooth
      type cells were identical in all isolates of Moraxella bovis. The serotype
      specific extracellular antigens of 2 isolates were serologically identical but
      were different from those of a 3rd isolate. The possibility of serotyping M bovis
      isolates, on the basis of their extracellular rough-type antigens, was suggested.
      Although both serotype-specific antigens were destroyed by trypsin treatment, 1
      antigen was also heat-labile and partially destroyed by formalin treatment.

PMID- 962218
TI  - Models of behavior disorder. a formal analysis based on Woods's taxonomy of
      instrumental conditioning.

PMID- 962219
TI  - Treadmill stress tests as indicators of presence and severity of coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - The configuration, time of onset, and duration of depressed ST segments during
      and after treadmill exercise testing were evaluated in 269 patients with
      angiographically proven coronary artery disease and 141 normal subjects. The test
      specificity was 93% and sensitivity 64%, the latter being influenced by the type
      of ST response; false-positive responses were rare with depressed, downsloping
      STs (1 of 123, 1%), occurred more frequently with horizontal ST depression (9 of
      60, 15%), and occurred commonly with slowly upsloping STs (15 of 47, 32%).
      Depressed downsloping STs, ischemic changes appearing in the first 3 minutes of
      exercise, and those persisting past 8 minutes in recovery were associated with
      91%, 86%, and 90% prevalences of two- to three-vessel or main left coronary
      disease, respectively. It is concluded that attention to configuration, time of
      onset, and duration of ischemic ST depression aids both in assessing the validity
      of exercise responses in diagnosing coronary artery disease and in delineating
      patients with advanced coronary obstruction.

PMID- 962220
TI  - Aspirin-induced ultrastructural changes in human gastric mucosa: correlation with
      potential difference.
AB  - Aspirin breaks the gastric mucosal barrier. We studied the effect of aspirin on
      this barrier, correlating changes in potential difference and ultrastructure.
      Mean control potential difference for seven subjects was -48 +/- 1.0 mV. Oral
      aspirin, 600 mg in 100 ml of saline, reduced potential difference to -39 +/- 1.4
      mV (P less than 0.001) within 10 minutes. Gastric biopsies were taken during
      control, aspirin- instillation, and recovery periods. Damage was present in all
      biopsies after aspirin. Light microscopy showed focal cell disruption, loss of
      mucous granules, and apical membrane rupture. Transmission electron microscopy
      showed intact tight junctions. Scanning electron microscopy showed loss of normal
      cobblestone cell apices, giving a honeycombed surface. Ten minutes after aspirin,
      25% of surface epithelial cells were damaged. Marked recovery was noted at 1 hr,
      with a normal potential difference and only 9% cell damage. We conclude that
      single "routine" doses of aspirin cause focal damage to normal human gastric
      mucosa.

PMID- 962221
TI  - Renal vein thrombosis, nephrotic syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus: an
      association in four cases.
AB  - We report here four cases of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with the
      nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis and review six familiar cases
      previously noted in the literature. Renal biopsy in each of our cases showed
      changes consistent with the membranous type of lupus nephropathy. We discuss the
      exclusive appearance of this pattern in relation to renal vein thrombosis in
      other forms of renal disease. The occurance of renal vein thrombosis in patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus and the nephrotic syndrome supports the
      evidence that the thrombosis is a complication rather than a cause of the
      nephrotic syndrome. The presence of pleuritic pain in a patient with systemic
      lupus erythematosus and the nephrotic syndrome should alert the clinician to the
      possibility of renal vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. With appropriate
      diagnosis and anticoagulation therapy, our patients had a benign course during 7
      to 48 months of follow-up.

PMID- 962222
TI  - Erythrocyte filterability and heme catabolism during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Erythrocyte filterability, reticulocyte count, total serum bilirubin, and CO
      hemoglobin percent saturation (COHb) were measured throughout one menstrual cycle
      in 17 women. The filterability was significantly depressed during the
      progesterone phase compared with the estrogen phase. The depressed filterability
      was accompanied  by significant increases in reticulocyte count, total serum
      bilirubin, and COHb. Significant correlations were seen between filterability,
      reticulocyte count, and total serum bilirubin. However, COHb did not correlate
      significantly with any of the other variables studied. This is probably due to
      increased ventilation during the progesterone phase balancing the increased
      endogenous production of CO. It is possible that cyclic variations in heme
      turnover are related to changes in erythrocyte characteristics during the
      progesterone phase.

PMID- 962223
TI  - Reversible restrictive lung disease stimulating asthma.
AB  - A young adult woman presented with spontaneous and exercise-induced episodic
      dyspnea without wheezing. During dyspneic episodes all static lung volumes
      decreased markedly, the inspiratory capacity fell from 3.0 to 1.1 litres and
      total lung capacity from 5.3 to 2.6 litres. Airway resistance (Raw) remained
      normal, and maximal expiratory flows at low absolute lung volume actually
      increased. Static compliance decreased from 0.153 to 0.077 litre/cmH2O, and the
      elastic recoil increased from 2.8 to 4.8 cmH2O at 50% of baseline total lung
      capacity when dyspneic. Upstream airway resistance (Rus) remained unchanged, 1.7
      cmH2O/litre/sec. All physiologic variables indicated a reversible restrictive
      process exists, the origin of which is unclear. It is concluded that the episodic
      increase in elastic recoil properties results in [1] loss of volume primarily in
      the alveolar ducts and sacs, [2] preservation of normal Rus by an increase in
      driving pressure, and [3] maintenance of normal Raw by stabilization of larger
      airways.

PMID- 962224
TI  - Letter: Diagonal ear-lobe crease and coronary artery sclerosis.

PMID- 962225
TI  - Medicine and mass communication: an agenda for physicians.
AB  - Because the medical content of the mass media significantly affects public
      attitudes and behavior, physicians should participate more fully as critics and
      sources of that content. Attempts to sway audiences with medical information
      alone are often unsuccessful. Communication is more likely to be effective when
      it offers people something they want, such as satisfaction of a need or
      legitimation of an existing value. Except for advertising, the media seldom
      engineer their impact intentionally. Instead, the producers of news and
      entertainment rely heavily on sources, critics, and pressure groups outside the
      communications industry. By mastering the patterns of media impact and the
      rudiments of public relations, physicians can make the media a useful tool of
      medicine.

PMID- 962226
TI  - Editorial: Caring for the dependent elderly.

PMID- 962227
TI  - Letter: Marathon racing and myocardial infarction.

PMID- 962228
TI  - Letter: Lipids and coronary artery disease.

PMID- 962229
TI  - Letter: Ethanol and angina pectoris.

PMID- 962231
TI  - Letter: Echocardiography of pericarditis.

PMID- 962230
TI  - Letter: Diazoxide and myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 962232
TI  - Letter: Free medical care in China.

PMID- 962233
TI  - Letter: Preventing isoniazid hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 962234
TI  - Letter: Hereditary angioedema and heparin therapy.

PMID- 962235
TI  - Letter: Bromergocryptine and the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome.

PMID- 962236
TI  - Letter: Reset osmostat in hyponatremia.

PMID- 962237
TI  - Letter: Thyrotoxic hypercalcemia, renal tubular acidosis, and pancreatitis.

PMID- 962238
TI  - Letter: Familial leukemia and dry cleaning.

PMID- 962239
TI  - [2 cases of post-radiation stenosis of the main cerebral artery trunks].
AB  - Two cases of common carotid stenosis as a late complication of radiotherapy are
      reported. One of them was treated by subclavian-carotid by-pass. Delayed lesions
      of medium and large arteries after radiotherapy are reviewed, with emphasis on
      the neck vessels--and the surgical possibilities.

PMID- 962240
TI  - [Disorders of intracardiac conduction during ankylosing spondylarthritis. Apropos
      of 19 cases].
AB  - The authors have collected 19 cases of ankylosing spondylitis with an alteration
      of intracardiac conduction. The lesions are usually situated high in the bundle
      of His, as shown by successive electrocardiograms and endocavitary studies.
      Progression by regressive acute episodes and the response to anti-inflammatory
      agents suggests that the disorder of conduction is inflammatory in origin.
      Syncopal attacks are rare (1 case out of 19) and a pacemaker is rarely indicated.
      Almost half the patients had aortic insufficiency, one patient had tricuspid
      stenosis and two patients had heart failure in the absence of any valvular
      lesion. The associated ankylosing spondylitis is characterised by the severity of
      the inflammatory signs (average sedimentation rate 50 mm in the first hour) and
      by the extent of peripheral articular involvement and extra-rheumatological
      manifestations. Almost one in two patients had iritis, with the same proportion
      applying to a past history of Reiters syndrome.

PMID- 962241
TI  - [Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Spontaneous adrenal haemorrhages are rare but non exceptional. They mainly occur
      in elderly men (mean age: 61 years). The main risk factors are: anticoagulant
      therapy (prescribed for myocardial infarction, occlusive vascular ou
      thromboembolic disease), hypertension and chronic respiratory insufficiency, as
      in the present case. The clinical picture is one of abdominal of lumbar pain with
      abdominal distension, circulatory collapse, often delayed and sometimes preceeded
      by an hypertensive bout, quite often fever with leucocytosis. Hyponatraemia and
      hyperkalaemia, are not constant features. The diagnosis is often not made until
      laparotomy, and it even can be missed there. In fact, plasma cortisol level or,
      if unavailable, urinary corticosteroid measurements are the best diagnostic
      procedures, permitting adequate therapy and giving best chances of survival. They
      must always be made in a patient with abdominal signs falling into one of the
      above mentioned etiologic categories.

PMID- 962242
TI  - [Renal manifestations of Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - The occurrence of renal manifestations of Hodgkin's disease may result from
      multiple physio-pathological processes: mechanical, by obstruction of the vessels
      or excretory systems of the kidneys; specific, by lymphogranulomatous
      infiltration of the parenchyma; immunological, as immunune complex
      glomerulonephritis or, more frequently, as amyloid disease; infective or
      metabolic as a complication of long term corticosteroid or immunodepressive
      therapy. These various causes of renal problems during Hodgkin's disease lead to
      the observation of three principal clinical pictures: acute renal failure,
      chronic renal failure and permanent proteinuria with or without nephrotic
      syndrome. Acute renal failure generally results from a severe infection with toxi
      infective shock. More rarely it is related to thrombosis of the renal veins, with
      a grave prognosis, or to unreteral compression with anatomical or functional
      exclusion of the contralateral kidney. Chronic renal failure may be caused either
      by distension of the excretory pathways, progressively obstructed or invaded by
      the Hodgkin's process and requiring specific therapy to relieve the obstruction
      (cobaltotherapy, chemotherapy), by specific infiltration of the renal parenchyma
      or by amyloid disease. Permanent proteinuria, with or without nephrotic syndrome,
      may be the presenting feature of renal vein thrombosis, amyloidosis or
      paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 962243
TI  - [Acute hypercalcemia revealing an association of adrenal insufficiency and
      thyrotoxicosis].

PMID- 962244
TI  - [Cerebral abscess and congenital heart diseases].

PMID- 962245
TI  - [Regressive course of spinal cord compression caused by Paget's disease under the
      effects of calcitonin].

PMID- 962246
TI  - [Nervous system leprosy in metropolitan France. Remarks on problems posed by it].

PMID- 962247
TI  - [A case of isolated melitococcic necrotizing hepatic granulomatosis. Diagnostic
      problems and role of surgical treatment].

PMID- 962248
TI  - [Comparative data of labial gland biopsies and scintigraphy with technetium 99m
      of the principal salivary glands in sarcoidosis].

PMID- 962249
TI  - [Pure febrile forms of hepatic amebiasis. Apropos of 9 cases].

PMID- 962250
TI  - [Taxonomic positions of H2S-Enterobacteria in relation to the genus (Citrobacter)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This work studies the classification, by numerical procedure, of 111 strains
      belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Their taxonomic position is
      discussed, in relation to the genus Citrobacter, Levinea, Enterobacter, to which
      some appear to be closely associated. The study is based on the usual biochemical
      and nutritional characters as shown by the utilisation of substrates tested as
      sole sources of carbon and energy. Six hierarchical classes can thus be defined.
      Their degree of affinity with members of the Enterobacteriaceae groups or genera
      is discussed. The diverse origins of the strains examined (human, soil, aquatic)
      are certainly the cause for the individualization of the new classes.

PMID- 962251
TI  - A study of the capacity of soils to induce nodules in Alnus glutinosa (L.)
      Gaertn. and Myrica gale L., with special reference to the specificity of the
      endophytes.
AB  - One hundred soil samples from sites in North, Centre and West of Spain were
      examined for their capacity to induce nodules in alder (Alnus glutinosa) and bog
      myrtle (Myrica gale). Soils from A. glutinosa communities particularly from
      places where Myrica was absent, were checked for their infectivity towards M.
      gale. There was a good correlation between the results, since there was not one
      single sample which could induce nodules in Myrica which did not do the same in
      alder. The nodules formed on M. gale plants grown in soils collected from alder
      habitats showed acetylene-reducing activity at a level comparable to that
      described in the literature, in the case of other Myrica species. Considering
      together the results now obtained and in previous work, the possibility of cross
      inoculation between M. gale and A. glutinosa, is again put forward and it is thus
      held that no specificity can be assigned, for the time being, to the respective
      endophytes.

PMID- 962253
TI  - [Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Summarized proceedings of
      International Committee for Virus Taxonomy].

PMID- 962252
TI  - [Search of some glycosidases in 22 species of (Bacillus) (author's transl)].
AB  - Disc-method has been applied in order to bring to light three enzymes: beta
      xylosidase, alpha-fucosidase, and alpha-mannosidase in 22 species of Bacillus; an
      unequal distribution of those enzymes which may be applied to differential
      diagnosis of some species was so shown.

PMID- 962254
TI  - Letter: Senile (atonic) entropion.

PMID- 962255
TI  - Quantification of intraocular malignant melanoma volume: a preliminary report.
AB  - Intraocular malignant melanoma size is a significant prognostic indicator. No
      accurate volume determining technique has been generally utilized. Plastic models
      and selected geometric formulae were used to demonstrate a technique for volume
      calculation of intraocular malignant melanomas. The accuracy of geometric
      analysis is shown to be superior to previous "size" calculations. We believe this
      increased accuracy would be useful in following patients for tumor growth
      utilizing A and B scan ultrasonography as well as in quantifying tumor volumes in
      the histopathology laboratory.

PMID- 962256
TI  - Fluorescein angiography of the fundus after pars plana vitrectomy.
AB  - In diabetic patients with massive vitreous hemorrhage, fluorescein angiography
      after pars plana vitrectomy demonstrated varying degrees of vascular involvement
      depending on the stage of the basic disease process. Arteriolar occlusions,
      capillary bed drop-out, microaneurysms, and neovascularization were common
      findings. We concluded that diabetic retinopathy continued its course behind the
      cloudy vitreous, sometimes leading to retinal ischemia and subsequent spontaneous
      involution, macular disease, or retinal detachment. In addition, some of these
      patients were also subject to nondiabetic diseases, such as senile macular
      degeneration, that could not be detected preoperatively, but that reduced visual
      acuity postoperatively. In the nondiabetic patients with vitreous hemorrhage,
      visual acuity after vitrectomy usually depended on the degree of coincident
      macular disease.

PMID- 962257
TI  - Systemic toxicity of cyclopentolate hydrochloride in adults following topical
      ocular instillation.
AB  - A case reported of a 27-year-old white woman who developed systemic toxicity
      after the local instillation of one drop of 2% cyclopentolate solution in each
      eye. The usefulness and toxic reactions of this very valuable drug are discussed.
      It is recommended that every ophthalmologist should warn not only the parents of
      the children, but also the adult patients about the possibility of systemic
      reaction before this drug is used and where possible the lowest concentration of
      solution be used. It is also suggested that a sufficient amount of injectable
      physostigmine salicylate be kept handy in the office emergency kit.

PMID- 962258
TI  - Vitreochorioretinal degeneration associated with trichomegaly.
AB  - A 15-year-old white boy had bilateral vitreochorioretinal degeneration associated
      with trichomegaly. Findings on electroretinography and fluorescein angiography
      provided additional information on the retinal changes not noted in 3 previously
      reported cases having these associated features. Although similar on
      ophthalmoscopy, fluourescein angiography, and by electroretinography, the retinal
      disease in our patient differed from cases of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and
      retina in having normal plasma ornithine levels.

PMID- 962259
TI  - Possibility of isoproterenol therapy with soft contact lenses: ocular hypotension
      without systemic effects.
AB  - An experimental investigation performed in the rabbit pointed out the possibility
      of administering isoproterenol at low concentrations with the aid of soft contact
      lenses presoaked in 0.2% isoproterenol for 60 to 120 minutes. A reduction in
      intraocular pressure ranging from 23% to 32% was observed in 21 out of 24
      glaucomatous patients. Duration of hypotension in 50% of eyes treated was more
      than 8 hours. Thus, a therapeutic effect was obtained with a concentration (0.2%)
      approximately 50 times lower than that previously employed clinically (2.4%). No
      systemic side effects, such as arterial hypotension and increase in heart rate,
      were noted.

PMID- 962260
TI  - Clinical evaluation of fluorescein 25%.

PMID- 962261
TI  - Laser interferometry: evaluation of potential visual acuity in the presence of
      cataracts.

PMID- 962262
TI  - Angle closure glaucoma in a patient with pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule.
AB  - Glaucoma with gonioscopically open angles is found in a variable number of
      patients with capsular pseudoexfoliation. A patient is described who presented
      with bilateral pseudoexfoliation and unilateral acute angle closure glaucoma.
      Previously the association of these two clinical entities was thought to be
      coincidental. Certain characteristics of the present case suggest that
      pseudoexfoliation may occasionally be casually related to acute angle closure,
      possibly through the production of a pupillary block phenomenon.

PMID- 962263
TI  - Late spontaneous rupture of a corneal laceration.

PMID- 962264
TI  - Causes for removal of the eye: a study of 890 eyes.
AB  - This study is a review of 890 cases of eye enucleations performed over a period
      of 22 years. The major cause for enucleations was trauma, accounting for 39.7% of
      the eyes enucleated. Chronic inflammatory diseases accounted for 22.1%, glaucoma
      for 11.5% and tumours for 9.2% in this group. Retinal diseases were responsible
      for 5.5% of the eyes; vascular occlusion for 5%; and miscellaneous causes for the
      remaining 7%. Injuries were everyday tools and small flying missiles caused most
      of the trauma. Previously planned surgical operations accounted for 15% of the
      enucleations. Forty-eight of these eyes had epithelial or fibrous downgrowths
      resulting from inflammation, secondary glaucoma, and phthisis bulbi. A more
      careful selection of cases and better surgical techniques might significantly
      lower these statistics. Also, vascular occlusion should be given a high level of
      suspicion in all intractable cases of glaucoma of unexplained etiology. As a
      general rule, enucleations should not be performed because of the suspected
      presence of sympathetic ophthalmia.

PMID- 962265
TI  - Vascular pseudopapillitis: ischemic optic neuropathy.
AB  - There are two acute ischemic processes of the optic nerve. Vascular
      pseudopapillitis or ischemic optic neuropathy is characterized by a palid
      papilledema, followed by an optic atrophy, by a reduction of the visual acuity
      and fascicular defects of the visual field. Arteritis temporalis is characterized
      by the same ophthalmologic signs and by a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
      Histologic examination of the temporal artery permits not only the diagnosis, but
      also the differentiation between the two diseases, which are due to an
      involvement of the short posterior ciliary arteries or of the central vascular
      system or pial system of the optic nerve head.

PMID- 962266
TI  - Recent experiences on the ophthalmologic complications of oral contraceptives.
AB  - I have added 16 cases to the preciously reported 4 cases where ophthalmologic
      complications occurred in connection with oral contraceptives. In some cases,
      occlusion of the central retinal artery, prethrombosis of the central retinal
      vein, prolonged narrowing of the retinal arteries, perivasculitis, hemorrhage in
      the macular region, and inflammations of the anterior segment of the eye,
      resistance to therapy developed, and in some cases, lesions of the optic nerve
      causing visual loss of different degree and papillitis occurred. In the
      background of the different clinical entities, common pathologic origin might be
      supposed,--the disturbance of the chorooretinal circulation. In patients taking
      the pill for the longest time interval, delicate lenticular opacities developed.

PMID- 962267
TI  - Current managment of glaucoma in Italy.

PMID- 962268
TI  - A new concept of the sympathetic pathways to the eye.
AB  - The sympathetic pupillociliary pathways controlling the dilatation of the pupil
      in man have been recorded by many authorities as passing via the first and/or
      second thoracic (dorsal) rami to the lower part of the stellate (first thoracic)
      ganglion. It has been stated by these and other authorities that the removal of
      the lower part of the stellate ganglion and/or resection of the first and/or
      second thoracic rami would produce a Horner's syndrome. This currently accepted
      concept of the sympathetic pathways to the eye we believe to be incorrect. Our
      entire clinical experience has consistently contradicted the findings and reports
      of other investigators. It is suggested that the ability afforded by a new
      surgical approach to reach, dissect, and exactly control the line of resection
      without undue trauma to the stellate ganglion has made possible for the first
      time a definitive statement concerning the entry of the pupillociliary pathways
      into the sympathetic chain. It is, therefore, postulated that the preganglionic
      neurons controlling the pupil enter the upper portion of the stellate ganglion by
      a separate paravertebral route leaving the ventral roots of the eighth cervical,
      first and/or second thoracic nerves. Our entire clinical experience refutes the
      concept that these pathways pass via the first ramus communicans to the first
      thoracic ganglion. This thesis is based on and supported by the results of new
      surgical approach originally designed to permit a more direct exposure and to
      overcome many of the deficiencies of current surgical approaches. The anterior
      transthoracic, transpleural wound employed allows a more direct approach and a
      more accurate and complete dissection of this segment of the sympathetic supply
      to the head, neck, upper extremity, heart, and coronary vessels without incurring
      the undesirable sequela of a Horner's syndrome in 93% of patients.

PMID- 962269
TI  - Anterior uveitis and leptospirosis.
AB  - Seven patients with anterior uveitis due to leptospirosis are presented. The
      diagnosis was based upon serologic tests and exclusion of other etiologic
      possibilities. Six patients came from a well-known endemic area of leptospirosis
      during the time of epidemics and one case came from an area which was not known
      to be endemic at the time. In 5 patients the uveitis was bilateral. The disease
      was mild in all but 2 patents who needed systemic administration of steroids. The
      posterior part of the eye was not involved in any of the cases.

PMID- 962270
TI  - Retinal detachment in a 9-year-old girl with Marfan's syndrome and a limbal
      incisional staphyloma.

PMID- 962271
TI  - Eyelash tolerated in the anterior chamber and cornea.
AB  - Cilia may be carried into the eye following a penetrating injury. Such a case of
      a cilium in the anterior chamber is described. The cilium was discovered years
      later following an injury. A cilium was noted to extend through the cornea into
      the anterior chamber barely touching the anterior lens capsule. Although the lens
      surface directly directly adjacent to the foreign body was clear, an anterior
      capsule lens opacification and area of posterior syncechia were noted at the 3
      o'clock meridian. The eye was quiet with no cell or flare noted. The vision was
      20/20.

PMID- 962272
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of the organ of Corti in normal and sound
      damaged guinea pigs.
AB  - A method was evolved by which the organ of Corti could be examined in its
      entirety with the scanning electron microscope, the organ meanwhile retaining its
      spiral form. This made it possible to assess traumatic effects on the cochlea and
      qualify lesions in terms of extent, localization and pattern. It was also found
      possible eventually to cut the same specimen into sections for cellular and
      subcellular studies. The number of guinea pigs examined totalled 91, divided into
      three groups. The first group was used to study the anatomy of the organ of Corti
      with special reference to normal variations and artifacts. Unmistakable
      indications were found that the longest stereocilia of the inner hair cells are
      linked to the tectorial membrane. The animals of the second group were exposed to
      pure tones of high intensity, whereupon, lesions of the organ of Corti were
      described according to intensity, time, and frequency. Three different types of
      otologic drills were used to perform mastoidectomies on temporal bones and on the
      cadaver. The noise produced was analyzed as to intensity and frequency range. It
      was found that the drill with the lowest rpm (and highest torque) produced the
      highest noise intensities, at levels which can be traumatic to the human organ of
      hearing. The animals of the third group were exposed to the amplified noise
      produced by otologic drills of three different types. The resulting lesions in
      the organ of Corti were examined by the method described for scanning electron
      microscopy and compared. In spite of the wide variation in individual lesions,
      patterns of degeneration of three different types could be distinguished. The
      high-speed and the very-high-speed drill inflicted less damage on the organ of
      Corti than the low-speed drill. It is therefore advised to refrain from using the
      latter drill in prolonged operations.

PMID- 962273
TI  - Experiences with the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve in aortic and mitral valve
      surgery.
AB  - During a four-year period, aortic or mitral valve replacements with the Bjork
      Shiley tilting disc valve were performed in 114 cases. The series comprises 75
      aortic, 34 mitral and 5 double valve replacements. In the aortic valve group
      (AVR) concomitant resection of the ascending aorta (cystic medial necrosis
      aneurysm)) was carried out in 5 cases, aortocoronary bypass in 2 cases and
      closure of a VSD in one case. Antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative
      anticoagulant treatment were used routinely. The hospital mortality rates were6
      8.0% in the AVR-group (single aortic valve mortality 7.1 %), 8.8% in the MVR
      group and 60% in the double valve group. Late mortality in the AVR-group was
      2.8%. There were no late thromboembolic complications in this group. Aortography
      showed grade II--III regurgitation (paravalvular leaks) in 15 % of the cases. In
      the MVR-group the late mortality was 9.7%. One patient died because of
      malfunction (thrombosis) of the prosthesis. The thrombotic complication was
      obviously caused by discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy. The clinically
      estimated functional capacity NYHA classification) improved considerably,
      especially in the MVR-group.

PMID- 962274
TI  - Four years' experience of valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley tilting-disc
      prosthesis.
AB  - 105 valve replacements with the Bjork-Shiley tilting-disc prosthesis have been
      performed in 99 patients with an overall mortality of 12%. The hospital mortality
      for 73 single aortic valve replacements was 10%, for 24 single mitral valve
      replacements 13%, and for 5 double valve operations 20%. One late death (1%)
      occurred in a case with single aortic valve replacement. The follow-up period of
      the first patients with aortic valve replacement is 4 1/2 years, and that of
      those with mitral valve replacement over 2 1/2 years. The most common late
      complication in patients with mitral valve replacement was a paravalvular leak
      (19%), whereas in patients with aortic valve replacement slight haemolytic
      anaemia (4%) and late thromboembolism (3%) occurred most frequently. 84 of the 87
      survivors showed manifest clinical improvement in their preoperative status and
      increased exercise tolerance.

PMID- 962275
TI  - Reemployment related to functional and haemodynamic changes after aortic or
      mitral valve replacement.
AB  - The objectives of this longitudinal study were to determine the proportion of
      individuals who return to work following aortic or mitral valve replacement, and
      to compare the functional and haemodynamic status in those who return to work
      with those who do not return to work. The study includes a total of 133 subjects
      who were all  examined 12--24 months after the operation. Based on this
      investigation, an overall reemployment rate of 44 % was found. Return to work was
      more frequent in the younger group than in the older group. Furthermore, while
      the patient's opinion of the extent of his physical handicap was of some
      importance when return to work was discussed, there did not appear to be any
      significant relationship between the working or the non-working group and
      objective indices of improvement as decrease in heart volume, regression of left
      ventricular hyperthrophy in the electrocardiogram, increase in cardiac output and
      decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure. Most important was the observation that the
      rate of return to work was closely related to the employment status before
      operations. The conclusion reached was that individuals who return to work were
      more likely to be those who were employed up to the time of the operation, while
      return to work after a long period of unemployment before operation was unusual,
      irrespective of the surgical results.

PMID- 962276
TI  - Closed mitral valvulotomy.
AB  - During an average follow-up period of five years (from 1966 to 1975) 60 patients,
      43 females and 17 males, were subjected to closed mitral valvulotomy at the Oulu
      University Central Hospital. Two patients died when still in hospital, and one
      died later at home. 25 % of whole series, and 41 % of the patients with atrial
      fibrillastion presented with a history of preoperative systemic embolism.
      Intraoperative embolism occurre in one patient, and late embolism in two
      patients. All these patients survived. Excellent or good results were recorded
      for 66 % of the living patients. Significant mitral calcification and/or
      preoperative regurgitation affected adversely both mortality and functional
      results. Closed mitral valvulotomy still offers excellent palliation with a minor
      risk for a significant number of carefully selected patients with mitral
      stenosis.

PMID- 962277
TI  - Haemodilution in cardiopulmonary bypass using a gelatine derivative for priming.
AB  - The effects of cardiopulmonary bypass haemodilution and a gelatine derivate for
      priming were evaluated by serial determinations of the acid-base and electrolyte
      balances, arterial oxygenation, urinary output, postoperative chest x-ray,
      cardiac rhythm and electrophoresis in 40 patients undergoing open heart surgery.
      It was noted that the priming solution used provided an excelllent buffer system
      to stabilize the derangements in acid-base and electrolyte balance without any
      side effects in oxygenation, urinary output, cardiac function or plasma proteins.
      The utilisation of haemodilution in cardiopulmonary bypass is discussed.

PMID- 962278
TI  - Rupture and successful repair of the heart following blunt chest injury.
AB  - A case of cardiac rupture secondary to blunt chest injury and its successful
      surgical repair is described. A review of the literature based on eleven previous
      similar cases is given.

PMID- 962279
TI  - Operative treatment of carotid artery occlusion. A follow-up study.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients have been subjectes to 134 carotid artery
      reconstructive procedures. 81 patients had TIA syndrome, 2 had acutely
      progressing stroke and 17 had symptomless stenosis at the carotid artery
      bifurcation. In 121 instances a bifurcation endarterectomy was performed, in 6
      cases the internal or common carotid artery was resected and reconstructed, in 5
      cases allograft- and in 2 cases autologous vein was used for the reconstruction.
      An intraluminal shunt was used in 93 operations. Operative mortality occurred in
      4 patients, one was a case of acutely progressing stroke. Late mortality occurred
      in 16 patients. A follow-up study was carried out in the remaining 80 patients.
      According to the patients' own judgement symptomatic relief was good in 52.5 %,
      satisfactory in 40 % and unchanged in 7.5 %.

PMID- 962281
TI  - Editorial: Cardiovascular surgery.

PMID- 962280
TI  - Acute coeliac artery occlusion: initial collateral blood flow from the superior
      mesenteric artery. An experimental study.
AB  - The collateral blood flow from the superior mesenteric artery after acute
      occlusion of the coeliac truck was measured in experiments in dogs. Immediately
      after clamping of the coeliac axis the collateral flow was about 30 % of the
      original coeliac blood flow. During an observation time of three hours the
      collateral flow increased, the corresponding value at the end of experiment being
      about 50 %. At the same time the blood pressure in the coeliac artery rose from a
      mean value of 20 mmHg to 35 mmHg. The initial collateral blood flow was evidently
      not sufficient, since after this short occlusion period ischaemic changes, even
      necrosis, were observed in the liver and stomach in some of the test animals.

PMID- 962282
TI  - Experience with surgery of the heart valves.
AB  - A review is given of a 15 year experience of valve replacement with Teflon cusps,
      pericardial cusps, Starr-Edwards, Key-Shiley, Wada-Cutter and Bjork-Shiley
      artificial valve prosthesis. The Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valves have shown the
      lowest gradient and blood trauma and excellent durability in more than 1 000
      implantations during a 7 year period. Anticoagulation therapy is considered
      necessary with all types of artificial heart valves. Thrombo-embolism is
      negligible after aortic valve replacement (1 episode in 4 000 patient months) but
      still a problem in the mitral position (4 episodes in 1 000 patient months).

PMID- 962283
TI  - The prognostic factors of arterialized bypass veins in the lower extremities.
AB  - A follow up study on 251 in situ bypass procedures on the lower extremities is
      done 3 years postoperatively. Patency of the bypass is correlated to smoking
      habits, anticoagulant therapy, age at operation and the diameter of the vein
      bypass. At follow up 13% of the patients had died and 217 extremities in 195
      patients were examined. Using the Chi-square test we found that patency of the
      bypasses was primarily dependent uon the diameter of the bypass vein, and
      secondly on smoking habits and anticogulant therapy. Age was only of minor
      importance for patency.

PMID- 962284
TI  - [Experiences and problems with aortic valve prosthesis during 14 years].

PMID- 962285
TI  - Surgical treatment of arterial embolism. Fifteen years experience.
AB  - A series of 102 surgical operations for arterial emboli in 85 patients during a
      fifteen-year period is presented. Seventeen patients were operated upon before
      the institution of the Fogarty balloon embolectomy catheter. 82 embolectomies
      using the Fogarty embolectomy catheter were carried out in 68 patients with a
      mortality of 32%. The amputation rate in the surviving patients was 39%. The most
      common cause of death was severe underlying heart disease, while the most
      important reason for amputation after an unsuccessful embolectomy was concomitant
      occlusive atherosclerosis, and to a lesser degree, a delay in the performance of
      the embolectomy.

PMID- 962286
TI  - The effect of hepatic dearterialization and re-dearterialization on carcinoid
      liver metastases.
AB  - A 48-year-old woman with severe carcinoid syndrome caused by multiple liver
      metastases was treated by hepatic dearterialization. After the operation, urinary
      5-HIAA excretion fell transiently to normal levels and the patient was symptom
      free for six months. After one year the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome had
      recurred and a re-dearterialization was performed. A favourable clinical effect
      was again achieved, but the relief of symptoms lasted only six months. The
      changes in urinary 5-HIAA excretion and SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin, alkaline
      phosphatase, cholesterol, PP activity as well as serum protein levels were
      uniform after both operations to an astonishing degree. Histological specimens
      taken at reoperation showed that the carcinoid metastases in the anterior parts
      of the liver were largely necrotic. The necrotic areas has peculiar features,
      e.g. the necrosis was partly incomplete and ghost like carcinoid structures could
      be seen.

PMID- 962287
TI  - The effect of time factors on blood alcohol levels in accident victims.
AB  - Variations of alcohol involvement (AI) by time as well as the effect of the time
      interval between the last alcohol intake and accident occurrence, arrival, and
      specimen collection on blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) were studied in 1012
      accident victims. In was found that 53% of accidents on Saturdays were alcohol
      related, the corresponding percentage being 39% on Fridays and Sundays and 31% on
      other days. AI rose from its lowest figure (16%) in the morning to its highest
      (67%) in the following small and early hours. Most of the alcohol-involved
      accidents occurred with rising blood alcohol suggesting that this stage of
      intoxication might have a higher injury risk than the later stage with decreasing
      blood alcohol. The delay before arrival and specimen collection often led to a
      drop in BAC values which should be remembered when planning studies on AI in
      accidents and when interpreting the results of such investigations.

PMID- 962288
TI  - Intussusception of the appendix caused by an adenovillous papilloma.
AB  - A case of intussusception of the appendix caused by an adenovillous papilloma in
      the appendix is reported. The condition was combined with acute appendicitis. The
      different clinical pictures are described. Due to the varied symptoms the
      diagnosis of intussusception of the appendix is rarely made preoperatively. The
      aetiology is briefly discussed. The treatment is operative with removal of the
      appendix or an appropriate resection.

PMID- 962289
TI  - Cardiopulmonary bypass time and renal function.
AB  - Patients undergoing open-heart surgery were divided into two groups according to
      cardiopulmonary bypass time: in Group I the bypass time was less than 60 minutes
      (25 patients) and in Group II more than 60 minutes (25 patients). Renal function
      parameters were investigated preoperatively, during the operation and for two
      days-postoperatively. The urine volume and excretion of sodium and potassium
      increased significantly in both groups during the bypass period compared to the
      values of the pre-bypass period. Significant differences (p less than 0.001) were
      seen during the bypass period in free water clearance: -0,8 +/- 0.6 ml/min in
      Group I and -0.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min in Group II, and in creatinine clearance: 114 +/-
      42 ml/min in Group I and 60 +/- 12 ml/min in Group II. The inter-group
      differences in free water and creatinine clearances were significant (p less than
      0.001) from the bypass period to the second day period. In Group II, urine
      osmolality was significantly lower in serum osmolality significantly higher from
      the bypass period to the third day period compared to the values of Group I. The
      excretion of sodium and potassium was higher in Group I during bypass and
      postoperatively and this was reflected in the serum values of sodium and
      potassium. According to our results, signs of functional renal impairment were
      seen in the group with the longer perfusion. In this group, however, the patients
      were older and had a higher preoperative serum creatinine mean value than the
      patients with the shorter perfusion. The mechanism of functional renal impairment
      is discussed.

PMID- 962290
TI  - The effect of nitrous oxide on renal function in open heart surgery.
AB  - The renal function of 20 patients undergoing open-heart surgery was investigated
      pre-, per- and postoperatively. The patients were anaesthetized with a
      combination of morphine, halothane, oxygen and nitrous oxide (the nitrous oxide
      group), and the remaining ten with a combination of morphine, halothane, oxygen
      and air (the air group). The renal function tests included urine flow, sodium and
      potassium excretion, and creatinine and free water clearance. As a consequence of
      the anaesthesia, the mean arterial pressure declined half an hour after
      induction, being lower than the preoperative level by 15% (p less than 0.001) in
      the nitrous oxide group and lower by 11% (p less than 0.05) in the air group. At
      the same time the urine sodium/potassium ratio was 1.3 in the nitrous oxide group
      and 1.9 in the air group. Free water clearance was significantly (p less than
      0.01) greater in the air group. During the perfusion the sodium/potassium
      excretion ratio was 1.7 in the nitrous oxide group and 4.1 in the air group (p
      less than 0.01). On the second day, creatinine clearance was significantly lower
      in the nitrous oxide group than in the air group (p less than 0.05). On the third
      day, urine flow was significantly higher and urine osmolality significantly lower
      (p less than 0.05) in the air group than in the nitrous oxide group.

PMID- 962291
TI  - Effect of castration and long-term oral oestrogen therapy with oestriol succinate
      on serum lipids.
AB  - The effects of continuous oestriol succinate therapy (2 mg/day) of three years'
      duration on serum cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were investigated
      on 50 women with a mean age of 48 years. In addition, the effects of castration
      only were investigated in 10 women with a similar mean age. One month after
      castration the serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels were
      significantly raised (p less than 0.05). During oestriol succinate therapy the
      cholesterol level tended to decrease. In the control group without hormone
      therapy, the cholesterol level showed a tendency to rise during the three years.
      The serum triglyceride and phospholipid levels remained almost unchanged during
      the oestriol succinate therapy and differed not from corresponding values of the
      control group.

PMID- 962292
TI  - The microscopical appearance of the subcutaneously transposed spleen.
AB  - The microscopical appearance of rat splenic tissue has been examined after
      subcutaneous transposition of the spleen and after portal vein ligation in rats
      subjected to splenic transposition. The histological picture was compared to that
      of control animals. Apart from congested red pulp and capsular fibrosis in the
      subcutaneous position did not seem to result in serious histological changes in
      the spleen. In three patients treated with subcutaneous transposition of resected
      spleen because of portal hypertension, histological needle biopsies from the
      splenic tissue were made postoperatively. Principally the same histological
      changes were found in the clinical as in the experimental material.

PMID- 962293
TI  - The host reaction to toxic agents.
AB  - The identification of side effects of chemotherapeutic and environmental agents
      has assumed a central role in current day medical practice. Since 1962, the
      formal recognition of the functional role of host factors in drug idiosyncrasies
      has resulted in the delineation of the discipline of pharmacogenetics. This
      investigative arena deals with inborn errors of metabolism which affect drug
      metabolizing enzymes or alter the effects of drugs in the body. In addition to
      relating to an understanding of the molecular basis of drug toxicity, these
      considerations are relevant to the teratologic role of alcohol and dilantin and
      to the role of environmental agents in the pathogenesis of neoplasia.

PMID- 962294
TI  - Chronic toxic nephropathies--diagnosis and management.
AB  - As a result of industrial and medical progress, man is exposed to an ever
      changing array of chemicals, drugs and biological products. The kidneys are
      extremely vulnerable to chronic toxic effects of these substances. Although acute
      renal failure, nephrotic syndrome and renal tubular disorders result from acute
      nephrotoxicity, chronic renal failure with renal failure and hypertension result
      from chronic nephrotoxicity. Heavy metals, analgesic agents and antimicrobials
      are the common nephrotoxic substance producing chronic renal disease. Medical
      management consists of preventive exposure measures and early detection of
      nephrotoxicity by modern industrial medicine. In addition, early clinical
      diagnosis with appropriate management may prevent the need for chronic
      hemodialysis and renal transplantation.

PMID- 962295
TI  - Monitoring for precursors of health impairment from toxic agents.
AB  - It is essential that one be able to diagnose when disorders are caused by drugs
      and toxic agents. It is also essential that scientists strive toward the ultimate
      goal of preventing such disorders. To this end, it is necessary to evaluate
      laboratory procedures for their capability to detect changes which precede
      disorders of health impairment. To accomplish this, some knowledge of the
      relationship between the exposure to a chemical agent and the effect owing to
      that exposure is required. The complexities of the dose-effect relationship are
      discussed with regard to the estimation of exposure, the effect owing to the
      exposure and the population exposed to the chemical agent.

PMID- 962296
TI  - Modes of action of toxic agents.
AB  - The principal modes of action of toxic agents are discussed in relation to the
      type of chemical bond formed between the poison and the target constituent of
      tissues. Alteration of enzyme activity, interference with the binding of
      poisonous chemicals to proteins, intercalation with nucleic acids, disturbances
      in electrolyte balance and the disorganization of cellular water and membrane
      lipids are illustrated as toxic processes involving ionic or van der Waals
      forces. The reactions of heavy metals with tissue nucleophiles and of exogenous
      nucleophiles with tissue metals are given brief attention in connection with
      coordinate-covalent binding. Covalent binding of poisons can arise from the
      incorporation of an antimetabolite into a larger molecule or reactions of
      electrophiles or free radicals with tissue constituents. These modes of action
      are illustrated by chemicals that produce necrosis, allergy or cancer.

PMID- 962297
TI  - The effects of drugs on embryonic development.
AB  - A review of the literature demonstrated the difficulties in evaluating the
      teratogenic effect of drugs in man. Since epidemiologic studies provide
      suggestive rather than definitive data and results of the current drug testing in
      laboratory animals may not be applicable to man, the need to develop alternative
      methods of predicting teratogenicity was apparent. To develop such techniques by
      studying a possible mechanism of teratogenesis, experiments were performed using
      a teratogenic folic acid-deficiency and antagonism with 9-methyl pteroylglutamic
      acid in the pregnant rat. Embryos developing abnormally in response ot this
      regimen consumed oxygen at a significantly decreased rate. Similar significant
      reductions in oxygen consumption were found both in rat embryos malforming in
      response to maternal vitamin A acetate administration, and in mouse embryos in
      response to teratogenic doses of diphenylhydantoin. It was suggested that such
      measurements of oxidative metabolism or related techniques may have application
      in predicting drug teratogenicity and could aid present epidemiologic and empiric
      approaches to identification of human teratogens.

PMID- 962298
TI  - Pitfalls in iodine-125 digoxin measurement.
AB  - Pitfalls in Iodine-125 digoxin methods are reviewed. Problems may arise from
      instrumentation, reagents, methodology, medications and variation in patient
      specimens. The laboratory has an obligation to avoid these errors and ways are
      available to accomplish this.

PMID- 962299
TI  - Mechanism of the toxic action of carbon monoxide.
AB  - Our studies indicate that a high concentration of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) does
      not interfere with the O2--carrying capacity of the blood. In dogs, both the
      transfusion of erythrocytes containing 80 percent COHb and the i.p. injection of
      carbon monoxide (CO) gas do not produce CO toxicity even though the COHb is above
      50 percent. Dogs inhaling CO (13 percent in air) for 15 minutes died within 15
      minutes to 65 minutes with an average COHb level of 65 percent. The probable
      toxic action of CO is on the cellular respiration taking place in the
      mitochondria when CO competes with O2 for cytochrome a3. The presence of
      dissolved CO in plasma, which is necessary for CO to enter the tissue, probably
      occurs when the exchange takes place between alveolar air and the blood in the
      lungs. When air containing CO is inhaled, there will be a significant CO tension
      in the blood when it leaves the lungs and when it reaches the organs especially
      the heart and brain. While COHb level is useful as a clinical measure of CO
      exposure, the most important mechanism by which CO causes toxicity is its
      combination with cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 962300
TI  - Correlation between dental maturity, height development and sexual maturation in
      normal girls.
AB  - The correlation between the dental maturity and the different measures of sexual
      development, i.e. the age at menarche, the ages at breast and pubic hair
      development, and the age of peak height velocity, was found to be low in healthy
      girls. Multiple regression analyses between the predictors height and growth rate
      at the chronological age of a certain stage of the dental development and each of
      the predictands age at menarche, breast development, and age of peak height
      velocity improved the residual standard deviation significantly in comparison
      with the standard deviation of the distribution of these variables.

PMID- 962301
TI  - Skeletal maturity of the hand and wrist in Oaxaca school children.
AB  - Skeletal maturity of the hand and wrist (Tanner-Whitehouse II system) was
      assessed in a sample of 394 school children 5 to 18 years of age, in the city of
      Oaxaca, Mexico. The socio-economic background of the sample was relatively poor
      and the group appeared to have a poor nutritional history (via height and weight
      measurements). At most ages, the mean skeletal ages of Oaxaca school children are
      below the British means, and about 60 per cent of the children have skeletal ages
      below their chronological ages.

PMID- 962302
TI  - Carriage patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in a healthy non-hospital population
      of adults and children.
AB  - Bacteriological examination of healthy school children and adults for
      Staphylococcus aureus by weekly swabbing of nose, throat and hands over extended
      periods demonstrated a general transition from persistent to transient carrier
      status between 10 and 20 years of age. Adult transient carriers were commoner
      among manual than office workers and frequently yielded biochemically atypical
      isolates, possibly because of acquired resistance to typical strains. Nasal
      carriage was commonest, but children frequently yielded the organism from both
      nose and throat.

PMID- 962303
TI  - Skeletal maturity and the prediction of age at menarche.
AB  - The regression of age at menarche on the difference between bone age and
      chronological age was estimated using hand/wrist radiographs taken between the
      ages of 10 and 15 years of 352 British girls whose ages at menarche were known.
      The regression was used to determine, in the case of girls who had not yet
      menstruated at a given chronological age and bone age, (a) the most probable age
      at menarche, and (b) the age by which 95 per cent would have experienced
      menarche. The results were compared with predictions made on the basis of
      chronological age alone. The range of error of predictions based on chronological
      age only decreases as age increases. This is true also when bone age is taken
      into account but, at all ages, the error of prediction using bone age as well as
      chronological age was less than that of prediction based on chronological age
      alone.

PMID- 962304
TI  - Validity of the ultrasonic technique as a method of measuring subcutaneous
      adipose tissue.
AB  - Subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements, at abdomen, suprailiac, subscapular,
      and mid-triceps sites, made with the ultrasonic and skinfold caliper techniques
      were compared using data from 20 women and 17 men from a pool of subjects of 22
      women and 20 men. In addition, comparisons were made between ultrasonic, soft
      tissue roentgenographic and skinfold caliper techniques at the suprailiac and mid
      triceps sites on 6 women and 12 men. Repeat measurements with the ultrasonic
      technique produced correlation coefficients of 0-87 and above. Correlations
      between skinfold caliper and ultrasonic measurements were generally higher among
      women than men over each of the four sites. A highly significant relationship, r
      = 0-88, was observed between the ultrasonic measurements and soft-tissue
      roentgenograms over the mid-triceps site. The correlation between the fat-muscle
      interface measured on the roentgenogram and ultrasonic measurements at the
      suprailiac site was 0-78. Multiple echoes and interfaces were observed at the
      suprailiac site on some subjects.

PMID- 962305
TI  - The age of menarche in Nigerian girls.
AB  - The median ages at menarche were obtained from a sample of 2029 urban and 328
      rural Nigerian girls by the status quo method, and calculated by probits. The
      median age at menarche for the urban girls was 13-70 +/- 0-03 years whilst it was
      14-50 +/- 0-09 years for the rural girls. There were significant differences in
      the median menarcheal ages of the girls according to the level of education and
      the occupation of the parents, and their geographical residence. The number of
      siblings and the birth rank of the girls did not influence the age of onset of
      menstruation. A secular trend towards earlier menarcheal age at a rate of 5 to 6
      months per decade was observed amongst children of the professionally privileged
      group. The earliest menarche occurred amongst girls with university-educated
      fathers or mothers; in this group the median was 13-26 +/- 0-06 years, a value
      comparable with current European medians.

PMID- 962306
TI  - Weight and skinfold variation at menarche and the critical body weight
      hypothesis.
AB  - The weight and skinfolds of 36 longitudinally studied British girls were analysed
      to determine their variability from two years pre-menarche to two years post
      menarche. If the critical body weight hypothesis of Frisch and Revelle (1970) is
      true, a reduction in the variability of these parameters would be expected at
      menarche compared to times before and after this event. No such reductions in
      variability were apparent.

PMID- 962307
TI  - The secular trend in age at menarche in the Netherlands.
AB  - The mean age at menarche of girls in Utrecht city, the Netherlands, in 1971 and
      1972 was estimated by probit analysis as 13-37 years with a standard deviation of
      1-17 years. This result is compared with similar data obtained in the Netherlands
      in 1955 and 1965.

PMID- 962308
TI  - Antenatal events and postnatal growth and survival of children in a rural
      Guatemalan village.
AB  - The biological features of all pregnant women and newborn infants in a typical
      rural village of Guatemala have been studied form 1964 to the present; 458
      pregnancied have been analysed. The mothers averaged 143.1 cm in height 52.9 kg
      in weight and 9 mm in triceps skinfold. The diet of most was adequate in
      percentage protein but inadequate in iron and other nutrients. Infection was
      common, two or more episodes occurring in 40 per cent of pregnancies. The newborn
      population had a birthweight averaging 2533 g and length 45.6 cm. Thirty-four per
      cent were less than 2501 g at 37 weeks gestation or over; seven per cent were pre
      term. The infants' growth was followed till age six years. Survival correlated
      strongly with birth weight and gestational age. Pre-term infants showed the
      poorest survival in neonatal and postneonatal infancy; but the survivors thrived
      therafter. The term-small-for-gestational age infants had poor survival in
      infancy and during the second and third years. Term infants with adequate weight
      for-gestational age had the best survival rate. Postnatal physical growth
      correlated with birth weight and gestational age but pre-term adequate-for
      gestational age infants showed a rate of growth as good as that of term infants.

PMID- 962309
TI  - Handedness and the cerebral representation of speech.
AB  - Hand preferences vary not discretely but continuously and the continuum of
      preference is closely and reliably linked with a continuous roughly Normal
      distribution of differences between the hands in skill. Questions about
      handedness can be usefully formulated in terms of the distribution of differences
      in skill and in terms of the theshold or criterion which divided those likely to
      be classified as right handers from those likely to be classified as left
      handers. A theory of the origin of hand preferences suggests that three factors
      are involved. The first in non-genetic accidental variation in the development of
      the two sides of the body in all bilaterally symmetrical species showing limb
      preferences. The second in a systematic bias to the right hand in man, probably
      linked with the tendency for the left hemisphere to serve speech. The third is
      socio-cultural factors affecting the expression of sinistrality. An explanation
      of the relation between hand preference and cerebral speech laterality requires
      the assumption that in some individuals the factor biasing speech to the left
      hemisphere is absent. This would imply that the bias is not a universal species
      character but that it is subject to genetic variation. Making the simplest
      possible further assumptions that in the absence of bias, the laterality of
      handedness and of cerebral speech are independent and each governed by chance, it
      is possible to account for the distribution of right and left handers with
      dysphasias following right and left unilateral cerebral lesions.

PMID- 962310
TI  - Developmental correlates of handedness in a national sample of 11-year-olds.
AB  - Some developmental correlates of hand preference in a large nationally
      representative sample of 11-year-old schoolchildren were examined. Non-right
      handedness was found to have slight, but statistically significant, associations
      with deficits of performance on certain standardized attainment and ability
      tests; with "poor speech" as assessed impressionistically by teachers in school;
      and with "poor control of hands" as similarly assessed by teachers. Non-right
      handedness was not associated with defects of articulation or stammering as
      assessed by doctors in a medical examination; nor withperformance on a clinical
      speech test; nor with writing productivity or syntactic maturity. There were
      substantial sex differences in the frequencies of non-right handedness, but no
      social class differences.

PMID- 962311
TI  - The rare allele SOD-A(2) in the Italian population.
AB  - Data are reported on the distribution of SOD-A electrophoretic phenotypes in the
      Italian population, and on the concentration of SODA-A-2-1 phenotype in a family
      group of a small village. The frequency of the rate allele SOD-A(2) is estimated
      and compared with the frequency in other populations. By applying a model of
      population dynamics for rare neutral genes estimates are derived of the mean
      first arrival time and mean age, in generations, of SOD-A(2) allele.

PMID- 962312
TI  - Unifactorially inherited attributes of the population of Holy Island,
      Northumberland.
AB  - The genetic polymorphisms of the Holy Island population show some differences
      from a mainland series. The significance of the results is discussed in terms of
      specialized gene flow and population size. Some interactions between the
      polymorphic systems are discussed.

PMID- 962313
TI  - A factor analysis of Ethiopian children's measurements.
AB  - Thirteen anthropometric measurements of Kaffa district schoolchildren in Ethiopia
      were factor analysed. Two factors emerged which may be interpreted as (a) body
      size and (b) fat mass.

PMID- 962314
TI  - Age of onset of puberty in urban Argentinian children.
AB  - A cross-sectional study in La Plata city, Argentina yielded mean ages of onset of
      breast and pubic hair developments in 504 girls and of genitalia development in
      498 boys of 10.8, 11.0 and 11.8 years respectively. These values are close to
      those reported previously for various other populations.

PMID- 962315
TI  - Thoracic and lumbar spinal curvatures in Nigerian adults.
AB  - The thoracic and lumbar curvatures of 105 Nigerian adults have been measured with
      a flexible rule (flexicurve). The lumbar curvature is relatively greater in
      women. Compared with a previous survey of Europeans, the curvatures in both men
      and women appear to be about 20 per cent greater in Nigerians. This is likely to
      be a genetic difference but the Nigerian practice of carrying heavy loads on the
      head may be a contributory factor.

PMID- 962316
TI  - Haptoglobin distribution in north-east England.

PMID- 962317
TI  - The genetics of specific reading disability.
AB  - Members of the immediate families of twenty children with specific reading
      disability were examined to determine the prevalence of reading disability within
      the families. A procedure was developed for identifying adults who may have
      compensated for a disability manifested more clearly in childhood. Forty-five
      percent of 75 first-degree relatives of the parents were affected and there was a
      significantly greater number of affected male relatives than females. No single
      mode of genetic transmission is evident after inspection of the pedigrees. It is
      suggested that the disorder is genetically heterogeneous and that subgroups of
      disabled readers should be looked for.

PMID- 962318
TI  - The segregation of human chromosome polymorphisms.
AB  - The inheritance of C-band and Q-band polymorphisms have been investigated in 32
      families. C-band inversion and size polymorphisms appear to segregate in a
      Mendelian manner, with the possible exception of the very large variant of
      chromosome number 9 which may be selectively inherited. There is some evidence to
      suggest a preferential segregation of Brilliant Q-band polymorphisms but it may
      be that this is an artifact caused by insufficient data and scoring error.

PMID- 962319
TI  - Optimal and discriminating birth weights in human populations.
AB  - A new model for estimating the optimal birth weight of a sample of infants from a
      human population, based on conditional survival probability, is developed. Also,
      a method is developed for estimating the 'lower discriminating birth weight'
      (LDBW), the weight below which an infant has a greater probability of dying than
      surviving, and the 'upper discriminating birth weight' (UDBW), the weight above
      which an infant has a greater probability of dying than surviving. These models
      are tested using previously published human birth weight data from British,
      German, Indian, Italian, and United States samples. The relationship between LDBW
      and 'prematurity' is briefly discussed.

PMID- 962320
TI  - Differential growth of human foetal gonads with respect to sex and body side.
AB  - Measurements have been carried out on the gonads of 54 human foetuses, 29 males
      and 25 females. Crown-rump lengths ranged between 140 and 212 mm. The criteria
      used were fresh weight, total protein contents and total DNA contents. It was
      found that for any given crown-rump length class, the mean values of testes
      exceeded those of ovaries for all three criteria. It was also found that the mean
      values of right gonads exceeded those of left gonads. Since in true
      hermaphrodites, testes are preferentially situated on the right and ovaries on
      the left side, it is concluded that there is a causal relationship between
      increased growth rate and testicular differentiation. It is suggested that in
      normal development this function is performed by the Y chromosome.

PMID- 962321
TI  - PTC testing of infants.

PMID- 962322
TI  - A matrix method for calculating recurrence risks of unilocal disorders for
      genetic counselling.
AB  - A matrix method to calculate conditional likelihoods in a pedigree and use them
      to determine recurrence risks for unilocal disorders in genetic risks is
      presented in this paper. Different matrices are assigned to individual members of
      the pedigree and combined into matrix expressions. The method is explained for X
      linked recessive conditions and autosomal dominant conditions with incomplete
      penetrance.

PMID- 962323
TI  - The use of matrices in calculating mendelian probabilities.
AB  - It is shown that the method of calculation of probabilities for genetic
      counselling developed by Bolling, Chase and Murphy can be generalized to give the
      relative probabilities for any single individual in any pedigree for any
      mendelian condition. The calculations only require matrix multiplications (of one
      kind or another), and the expressions can be written down and evaluated directly,
      whether by hand or by computer.

PMID- 962324
TI  - Chromatid exchanges in ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Werner syndrome,
      and xeroderma pigmentosum.
AB  - The frequency of BrdU-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in cultured
      lymphocytes from patients with ataxia telangiectasia, Werner syndrome, and
      xeroderma pigmentosum was normal. The rate was increased in xeroderma pigmentosum
      following exposure to ultraviolet light and spontaneously raised in the Bloom
      syndrome. Quadriradial exchanges between homologous chromosomes in Bloom syndrome
      not only involve sister chromatids but also homologous (non-sister) chromatids.
      This could result in the formation of recombinant chromosomes and is viewed as a
      genetically determined form of increased somatic recombination in man.
      Endoreduplicated metaphases showed 'twin' and 'single' exchanges in a 1:2 ratio.
      This suggests a comparable frequency of exchanges at both divisions and provides
      evidence for the polarity of the chromatid subunits and the presence of a single
      chain of DNA.

PMID- 962325
TI  - Visual classification of banded human chromosomes. I. Karyotyping compared with
      classification of isolated chromosomes.
AB  - Visual karyotyping and visual classification of isolated chromosomes was carried
      out by seven investigators on 22 trypsin banded metaphases of average quality.
      The karyotyping experiment resulted in an average error rate of 0-1% (zero-0-4%)
      and the classification of isolated chromosomes resulted in an error rate of 3% (2
      5%). The B and F group chromosomes were found to be most difficult to classify
      when isolated, while no errors were made of the no. 1 and the X chromosome. Large
      differences were seen in the resulting error pattern for the individual
      investigators both with regard to their total error rate and also the chromosome
      types which they most frequently misclassified. Based upon these error patterns
      it is suggested that more than 95% of the chromosomes in an average quality
      material contain features upon which a reliable visual classification can be
      made. Thus there may be a potential possibility that these chromosomes may be
      classified by computer on the basis of these features. The fact that visual
      karyotyping is much more reliable than visual classification of isolated
      chromosomes indicated that computer classification of chromosomes should include
      programming capable of making appropriate comparison between the chromosomes in
      the metaphase and at the same time take into account the expected presence of 23
      chromosome pairs for normal cells. This would simulate the human performance of
      visual karyotyping and make a classification possible of at least some of the
      remaining 5% difficult chromosomes.

PMID- 962326
TI  - C- and Q-band polymorphisms in the chromosomes of three human populations.
AB  - The incidence of the various classes of C-band and Q-band polymorphisms on ten
      pairs of chromosomes in the human complement have been investigated in three
      Scottish populations, two from the mainland (newborn and 14 year olds) and one,
      of individuals over 65 years, from an island in the Outer Hebrides. Although
      there is an overall similarity between the populations, there are some
      differences, especially with the island group. For all populations, over 90% of
      the C-band size variants fall within the medium class. Rather more variation is
      found in the Q-band intensity polymorphisms: the island population appears to
      have fewer Brilliant and Intense variants than do the other two groups, 2-9 per
      person as compared to 4-2 and 3-9 for the newborn and 14 year olds respectively;
      this may be an age difference rather than a population difference.

PMID- 962327
TI  - Expression of a mouse immunoglobulin V gene in homozygote and heterozygotes.
AB  - Our earlier work had demonstrated a fine-specificity idiotype in anti-NP
      antibodies of C57Bl/6 mice. It was controlled by a VH gene (VH-NPb). The idiotype
      could be demonstrated in all anti-NP of the C50Bl/6 mice (IgG, IgA, IgM including
      natural anti-NP). The VH-NPb gene is condominant with CBA allele F1 hybrid mice
      in the production of natural antibodies but dominant over the CBA allele in
      immune antibody formation (92% of F1 mice were like C57Bl/6). Probably the
      product of this gene has a higher affinity for NP than the average affinity of
      idiotype-negative antibody in the F1 hybrids. Both the codominance in natural
      antibodies and the dominance in immune antibodies had the peculiar characteristic
      that genotypically identical individuals varied a great deal. The share of
      idiotype-positive antibody in the total natural anti-NP titre of (C57Bl/6 x
      CBA)F1 mice varied from less than 33% to more than 67%. In immune antibodies
      individual differences were still greater, in ca 92% of mice only idiotype
      positive anti-NP could be detected and in ca 8% only idiotype-negative antibody
      was detectable. Only few F1 hybrid mice had detectable amounts of both types.
      Homozygous mice of the LP strain behaved in all aspects like the F1 mice. Of
      their natural anti-NP titres 50% were due to idiotype-positive antibody and in
      the immune antibodies the figure was 86%. Individual non-immune sera again
      contained varying mixtures of idiotype-positive and idiotype-negative antibody,
      but immune sera contained only one or the other type. The third allotype b strain
      tested, C57Bl/Ka, took an intermediary position between LP and C57Bl/6. Ca 70% of
      natural anti-NP titres were due to idiotype-positive antibody but all immune anti
      NP was idiotype-positive.

PMID- 962328
TI  - Somatic generation of antibody diversity.
AB  - Hybridization of lambda-mRNAs to excess liver DNA yielded results compatible with
      gene reiteration frequencies of three or less. Purified mRNA from tumors
      producing structurally different lambda chains were used in competition
      hybridization experiments. An unlabeled lambda-mRNA competed with another,
      labelled mRNA to the same extent as homologous unlabelled lambda-mRNA. Mouse DNA
      was digested with Eco R-I restriction endonuclease and fractionated by gel
      electrophoresis. A DNA fragment carrying the V lambda-gene(s) was indentified in
      this digest. This fragment hybridized with lambda-mRNAs coding for two different
      lambdaV regions equally well. These results indicate that base sequence homology
      among lambda-mRNAs is so high that any lambda-mRNA should cross-hybridize with
      all or most of germ line V lambda genes. From amino acid sequence data, it is
      argued that there are probably more than 25 different lambdaV regions. Hence it
      is concluded that the number of germ line genes is too small to account for the
      diversity of lambda chains.

PMID- 962329
TI  - Homologies in the active site regions of lactate dehydrogenases.

PMID- 962330
TI  - The identification of phosphorylated neo-lnositol as an anionic component of the
      Amoeba cell surface.

PMID- 962331
TI  - Substrate specificity of flavanone synthase from cell suspension cultures of
      parsley and structure of release products in vitro.

PMID- 962332
TI  - Immunodeficiencies in severe atopic dermatitis. Depressed chemotaxis and
      lymphocyte transformation.
AB  - Various reports have indicated assorted immune defects in atopic dermatitis, but
      the prevalence and degree of the defects remain unclear. We assessed various
      immunological factors in 14 patients with atopic dermatitis to determine whether
      immunodeficiencies were present consistently and were reflected by the patients'
      clinical characteristics. A high incidence of cutaneous infection was noted.
      Cutaneous delayed-hypersensitivity testing showed anergy in eight (67%) patients.
      Only the seven patients with the most severe condition showed altered leukocyte
      function, as determined by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocyte chemotaxis
      and by lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemaglutinin. All three cell types where
      shown to be simultaneously dysfunctional during  severe atopic flares.
      Chemotactic studies during clinical remissions disclosed notable improvement in
      cell migration. Serum IgE levels were elevated in each patient, but did not
      correlate with the degree of cutaneous anergy or altered leukocyte function.

PMID- 962333
TI  - Topically applied thiabendazole in the treatment of scabies.
AB  - Forty patients were treated for scabies with a 10% suspension of thiabendazole
      applied externally. Thirty-two patients (80%) had a satisfactory response to one
      course of therapy, while a second course was necessary in six (15%). Two patients
      (5%) required intralesional injections of triamcinolone diacetate because of
      persistent scabious nodules.

PMID- 962334
TI  - Vulval epidermoid cysts in the Igbos of Nigeria.
AB  - Epidermoid cysts are reported to be uncommon on the vulva. However, among the
      Igbos of Nigeria, the vulva was the most common site of such cysts in a series of
      specimens examined at a central laboratory. Vulval epidermoid cyssts probably
      arise as a result of traumatic implantation during ritual circumcision.

PMID- 962335
TI  - Persulfate hair bleach reactions. Cutaneous and respiratory manifestations.
AB  - Ammonium persulfate is widely used to "boost" peroxide hair bleaches. These
      persulfates can produce a variety of cutaneous and respiratory responses,
      including allergic eczematous contact dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, localized
      edema, generalized urticaria, rhinitis, asthma, and syncope. Some of these
      reactions appear to be truly allergic while others appear to be due to the
      release of histamine on a nonallergic basis. Patch tests may be performed with 2%
      to 5% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate. Scratch tests may result in asthma
      and syncope. In some patients, merely rubbing a saturated solution of ammonium
      persulfate into the skin will evoke a large urticarial wheal. Hairdressers should
      be made aware that these ammonium persulfate hair bleach preparations may provoke
      severe reactions and should seek medical attention if the client complains of
      severe itching, tingling, a burning sensation, hives, dizziness, or weakness.

PMID- 962336
TI  - Epidermal nevus and rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - A child with an epidermal nevus was diagnosed at the age of 15 months as having
      an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder. This child also had pigmentary
      abnormalities characteristic of the epidermal nevus syndrome. The question is
      again asked whether patients with epidermal nevi have an increased incidence of
      tumors. It is suggested that the thorough evaluation of these patients as
      recommended by Solomon should also include an alertness for the development of
      earlier-than-anticipated neoplasms.

PMID- 962337
TI  - Erosive adenomatosis of the nipple.
AB  - Erosive adenomatosis of the nipple is a rare, usually benign neoplasm of the
      major nipple ducts. Although morphologic features may distinguish it from Paget
      disease, histopathological differentiation is simple. Recognition of this tumor
      may spare needless mastectomy.

PMID- 962338
TI  - Perinevoid alopecia. An unusual variety of alopecia areata.
AB  - We report three cases of alopecia areata occurring around central, pigmented
      nevi. The histologic appearance of the central nevus was that of the halo nevus.
      Removal of the nevus did not appear to alter the natural course of the alopecia.
      Histochemical studies showed a substantial increase of acid mucopolysaccharides
      in the dermis in each case.

PMID- 962339
TI  - Umbilical endometrioma (silent type).
AB  - Umbilical endometrioma is an uncommon entity and is rarely asymptomatic. A 24
      year old black woman had an asymptomatic, spontaneous umbilical endometrioma. The
      lesion was excised and the diagnosis was histologically confirmed.

PMID- 962340
TI  - Steatocystoma multiplex.
AB  - Steatocystoma multiplex is a poorly understood clinical condition characterized
      by numerous cutaneous cysts. The lesions can be confused with milia, epidermal
      inclusion cysts, sebaceous cysts, dermoids, and the cysts of acne vulgaris. This
      patient has hypotrichosis and multiple milia-like cysts on the face and scalp,
      showing the histologic characteristics of steatocystoma multiplex.

PMID- 962341
TI  - Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. A skin marker of internal malignancy.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman had acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. She developed
      excessive growth of lanugo-like hair all over her body two years prior to the
      sudden appearance of a rapidly growing, localized, solid mammary tumor. Of 12
      published cases, nine have been associated with an internal malignant neoplasm
      and obviously, as in the present case, the cutaneous symptoms may serve as a skin
      marker by preceding the tumor diagnosis for up to two years.

PMID- 962342
TI  - Phototoxic textile dermatitis ("bikini dermatitis").
AB  - Phototoxic textile dermatitis with subsequent hyperpigmentation developed in two
      patients after they wore bikini bathing suits. After extraction of the dye from
      the bathing suits, 15 fractions could be visualized by two-dimensional thin-layer
      chromatography. Two of these fractions are found in Disperse Blue 35, an
      anthraquinone dye known to give rise to occupational phototoxic dermatitis, but
      which, to our knowledge, has never been reported to cause dermatitis in
      consumers. One of the two fractions was also found to cause phototoxic reactions
      in normal subjects.

PMID- 962343
TI  - Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in a black mother and daughter.
AB  - Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare genodermatosis with clinical hallmarks of
      alopecia, nail dystrophy, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. This report calls
      attention to the first reported cases, to our knowledge, of hidrotic ectodermal
      dysplasia in a black mother and daughter.

PMID- 962344
TI  - Hepatitis and bone destruction as uncommon manifestations of early syphilis.
      Report of a case.
AB  - We describe a patient with a painful lytic lesion of the clavicle and a granuloma
      of the liver in late secondary syphilis. The classic "moth-eaten" alopecia of the
      scalp as well as eyebrows and eyelashes suggested syphilis, although an initial
      false-negative VDRL test for syphilis (prozone phenomenon) caused a delay in
      diagnosis. Bone as well as liver involvement in early syphilis may be more common
      than previously recognized.

PMID- 962345
TI  - Letter: Weight loss and psoriasis.

PMID- 962346
TI  - Letter: Pruritic cutaneous sarcoidosis.

PMID- 962347
TI  - Letter: Scabies in Greece.

PMID- 962348
TI  - Letter: Gold compounds vs corticosteroids in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris.

PMID- 962349
TI  - Letter: Primary cutaneous aspergillosis due to Aspergillus terreus.

PMID- 962350
TI  - Letter: Completely patient vitellointestinal duct.

PMID- 962351
TI  - Letter: Multiple sequential skin cancers: the risk of skin cancer in patients
      with previous skin cancer.

PMID- 962352
TI  - Inhibition of induction of human contact sensitization by topical
      glucocorticosteroids.
AB  - Ten healthy human volunteers were exposed to a primary sensitizing dose of 1 mg
      dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by an open topical technique within an area that had
      been pretreated with a potent topical glucocorticosteroid compound. Quantitative
      elicitation testing was performed on the opposite side by an open patch test
      technique two weeks after the sensitizing application. One (10%) of the ten
      subjects became sensitized. A matched control group of ten subjects was similarly
      sensitized without steroid treatment. Eight (80%) of the ten became sensitized.
      One month later, five of the eight test subjects in whom sensitization had been
      prevented were retested in an identical fashion without steroid pretreatment, to
      determine if any degree of tolerance had been induced. All five subjects became
      sensitized. Topical glucocorticosteroids inhibited the development of
      sensitization to topically applied DNCB. Tolerance was not induced by this single
      process.

PMID- 962353
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis and stomatitis caused by a cinnamic aldehyde-flavored
      toothpaste.
AB  - A patient had acute stomatitis and dermatitis due to a popular toothpaste
      containing cinnamon oil flavor. Cinnamon cassia oil is known as a topical
      sensitizer and was demonstrated to be the offending allergen. Cinnamic aldehyde
      and related chemicals are used widely, so that patients having cinnamon allergy
      may be exposed to many sources. There is difficulty in diagnosing allergic
      contact stomatitis.

PMID- 962354
TI  - Dermatologists in the United States, 1968 through 1973.
AB  - From 1968 to 1973, the number of dermatologists in the United States per 100,000
      population gradually increased from 1.6 to 1.8, with the West and Northeast
      regions showing relatively higher rates and the South and North Central regions
      showing relatively lower rates. The variation in rate, considered by geographic
      divisions, can be analyzed to identify areas in the United States that may be in
      need of additional dermatologists. Given the current number of dermatologists
      being certified by the American Board of Dermatology and given the current death
      rate, there appear to be a sufficient number of dermatologists to ensure future
      growth.

PMID- 962355
TI  - Proceedings: Epidermolysis bullosa.

PMID- 962356
TI  - Letter: Penetration of topical steroid preparations.

PMID- 962357
TI  - Secondary syphilis and sarcoidosis.

PMID- 962358
TI  - Erythema multiforme and hematuria.

PMID- 962359
TI  - Letter: Transillumination as diagnostic aid.

PMID- 962360
TI  - Treatment of dermatomyositis in childhood.
AB  - Analysis of the response to corticosteroid therapy in a personal series of 8
      consecutive cases of dermatomyositis in childhood shows that there are advantages
      in a moderate dosage, short-term treatment schedule, with gradual tapering of the
      dosage as soon as there is clinical improvement without waiting for full
      remission, and in trying to stop steroid therapy within six months rather than
      following the more prolonged regimen currently still in vogue. Clinical response
      is a more reliable guide to progress than serum enzyme levels. Review of
      published reports suggests that overtreatment with corticosteroids may be a
      factor in chronicity of the disease and failure of adequate long-term response.

PMID- 962361
TI  - Association of cystic fibrosis with allergy.
AB  - Immediate skin hypersensitivity to various inhalant allergens was present in 59%
      of 123 children with cystic fibrosis (CF), a much higher percentage than in the
      general population. This is consistent with the idea that atopy arises as a
      result of impaired handling of antigen at mucosal surfaces. The allergic CF
      children had more chest infections, a worse chest x-ray appearance, and lower
      peak expiratory flow rates. Allergic diseases were also frequent in the CF
      obligate heterozygotes (32% of mothers and 26% of fathers). It is suggested that
      the heterozygotes may also have a mucosal abnormality resulting in defective
      antigen handling.

PMID- 962362
TI  - Long-term assessment of children exposed in utero to carbimazole.
AB  - Twenty-five children aged 3 to 13 years who had been exposed in utero to
      carbimazole were assessed physically and psychologically to evaluate the long
      term effects of the drug on growth and development. 2 children had congenital
      malformations but all had normal pituitary-thyroid function and appeared to have
      grown and developed normally.

PMID- 962363
TI  - Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration in the human newborn.
AB  - Twenty-one healthy newborn infants whose mothers had normal pregnancies and
      deliveries were studied. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone
      concentration (PAldo) were measured by semimicro methods in cord blood and on the
      6th day of life. PRA and PAldo were increased in cord blood compared with values
      previously found in healthy infants between 1 month and 1 year of age. There was
      a twofold reduction in both values by the 6th day. PRA and PAldo were positively
      correlated when cord blood and 6th-day values were considered as a whole, but no
      significant correlations were found between either cord blood PRA or cord blood
      PAldo and their respective values on the 6th day. The PRA and PAldo findings were
      not related to birthweight, the infant's sex, weight change, 6th-day urinary
      sodium, or blood pressure measurements. The type of milk feed did not influence
      PRA but PAldo was slightly greater in bottle-fed babies on the 6 day. These
      observations confirmed that the inverse relationship between PRA, PAldo, and age
      extends into the neonatal period but they suggest that the balance of factors
      controlling these variables at birth is different to that operating at the age of
      6 days.

PMID- 962364
TI  - Follow-up of 13 children after ureterosigmoidostomy.
AB  - Follow-up of 13 children who had had a ureterosigmoid anastomosis 3 1/2 to 10
      years previously and whose initial urogram had been satisfactory, showed that
      growth was normal and that there was no serious metabolic disorder. In particular
      whole-body potassium did not differ significantly from normal values (as given by
      Langham, 1961). Asymptomatic urinary infection is the chief hazard in these cases
      but is difficult to diagnose and may lead to progressive dilatation of the
      ureters.

PMID- 962365
TI  - Achondrogenesis type I. A familial subvariant?
AB  - The clinical, pathological, and radiological features of 2 male sibs with a
      severe and lethal form of micromelic dwarfism are desribed. The family also
      includes 2 normal sibs. The histological and radiological appearances suggested a
      diagnosis of achondrogenesis type I, but the markedly deficient ossification of
      the skull and the presence of intrauterine rib fractures were atypical. These
      changes have been observed in two other families with 2 or more infants with
      suspected achondrogenesis, raising the possibility that these familial cases may
      be a subvariant of achondrogesis or even a distinct disease entity. The disease
      appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive and death occurs shortly after
      birth because of severe pulmonary hypoplasia.

PMID- 962367
TI  - Pre- and postoperative growth in persistent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - Children with a persistent ductus arteriosus requiring ligation under 6 months of
      age show evidence of intrauterine growth retardation. By the time of operation
      the weight centile of 17 (71%) of 24 such infants had fallen, but 20(84%) of the
      24 gained weight postoperatively. Those who did not so were either large-for
      dates infants growing towards the normal or small-for-dates infants who remained
      small postoperatively.

PMID- 962366
TI  - Homozygous cystinuria and the oculo-cerebro-renal dystrophy of Lowe in same
      family.
AB  - The mother and daughter in a family had homozygous cystinuria and were also
      heterozygous carriers of the oculo-cerebro-renal dystrophy of Lowe. The daughter
      was also epileptic. The son had Lowe's syndrome and the father an increased
      urinary excretion of cystine and lysine. This evidence together with other case
      reports suggests that the defect in cystinuria and that of Lowe's syndrome may be
      connected.

PMID- 962368
TI  - Neonatal thyrotoxicosis is associated with transplacental passage of human
      thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (HTSI).
AB  - A woman who developed thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy had a high level of HTSI at
      the time of delivery. The baby had high levels of HTSI initially but, unlike the
      mother, the levels fell, giving a half-life of HTSI of 10 days.

PMID- 962369
TI  - Hypoaldosteronism in three sibs due to 18-dehydrogenase deficiency.
AB  - Three sibs all presented in the early neonatal period with a salt-losing
      syndrome. The salt-losing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was diagnosed
      and appropriate treatment with glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticosteroids, and
      additional dietary salt started. Although early life was maintained with
      difficulty, with age all 3 children required decreasing amounts of replacement
      steroids to maintain normal plasma electrolyte balance. They were reinvestigated
      at the ages of 15 years and 8 years (twins), when cortisol synthesis and
      metabolism proved normal, but aldosterone synthesis was blocked by deficiency of
      18-dehydrogenase. Rational treatment of these cases of a salt-losing syndrome in
      which aldosterone synthesis alone is blocked due to lack of the enzyme 18
      dehydrogenase requires the administration of a mineralocorticosteroid drug only.
      Since deoxycorticosterone (acetate or pivalate) requires intramuscular
      administration, as life-long therapy oral fludrocortisone is preferable. Although
      fludrocortisone has glucocorticoid activity, the "hydrocortisone equivalent"
      effect of the small dosage used was unlikely to inhibit either pituitary
      corticotrophin or growth hormone production.

PMID- 962370
TI  - Lack of breast feeding and early weaning in infants of Asian immigrants to
      Wolverhampton.
AB  - Fifty Asian immigrant mothers who would have expected to breast feed their
      infants had they remained in rural Asia were studied. There was a striking
      reduction in the incidence and duration of breast feeding on arrival in the
      United Kingdom, and a fall in the age of weaning. The availability of an
      alternative to human milk is the most important factor reducing the incidence of
      breast feeding. Only 2 (4%) of the 46 infants followed prospectively were breast
      fed. Reasons for not breast feeding were sought and the results indicated that
      the majority of mothers were frightened, misinformed, or apathetic about breast
      feeding. If breast feeding is to be promoted, antenatal education and
      encouragement is essential. The advantages of human milk need to be stressed.
      Potentially serious mistakes occurred in preparing bottle feeds, and vitamin
      supplements were often inadequate. Later weaning could be encouraged by the staff
      of well baby clinics.

PMID- 962371
TI  - Congenital paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.
AB  - Ten infants who had paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in utero or at birth are
      reported. Because of apparent fetal distress, caesarean section was performed in
      4 cases and labour was induced in 1. Birthweight was generally large for
      gestational age. Severe ascites and hydrops at birth were manifestations of
      cardiac failure. Atrial flutter was recorded in 4 infants and supraventricular
      tachycardia in 5. The WoLff-Parkinson-White syndrome became evident later in 2.
      Digoxin was given to all 10 infants, and cardioversion was required and was
      effective in 4. Known recurrences in childhood have occurred in only 1 patient.
      Congenital atrial tachyarrhythmias may be commoner than generally believed, and
      fetal electrocardiography may help to avoid unnecessary termination of pregnancy.
      Blood sugar determinations are important, since neonatal hypoglycaemia was found.
      Cardioversion should be performed promptly in severely ill infants or if there is
      no response to digoxin. Care is required to avoid digoxin toxicity.

PMID- 962372
TI  - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Search for prenatal factors in 66 sporadic
      cases.
AB  - In a family and epidemiological survey of 66 cases of arthrogryposis multiplex
      congenita all cases were found to be sporadic and no family association with
      clubfoot, congenital dislocation of the hip, or hereditary neuromuscular disease
      was found. The mothers were significantly older than average. Oligohydramnios was
      noted in only one-third of cases but many other complications of pregnancy,
      including probable attempts at abortion, had occurred. It is likely that most
      cases of arthrogryposis are nongenetic and result from a defective intrauterine
      environment, whether hormonal, vascular, mechanical, or possibly infective.

PMID- 962373
TI  - Alterations in head shape of newborn infants after caesarean section or vaginal
      delivery.
AB  - Alterations of head shape in preterm, small-for-dates, and term normal infants
      were studied by measuring occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), biparietal
      diameter (BPD), and occipitofrontal diameter (OFD) at intervals after birth. In 9
      preterm infants born by elective caesarean section ther was a 5-2% reduction in
      BPD and 2-0% reduction in OFC at the age of 7 days. In 18 term infants born by
      elective caesarean section these changes were 2-4% and 0% respectively in BPD and
      OFC. In 25 preterm infants born by vertex vaginal delivery there was a
      significant fall in OFC of 0-7% at the age of 7 days and of 2-4% in BPD, but no
      significant change in OFD. In 19 small-for-dates infants born vaginally OFC
      increased 1-0% and OFD 2-7% at 7 days, but BPD decreased 2-5%. After the first
      week all three measurements increased in both groups of vaginal deliveries. The
      results show that shrinkage and biparietal flattening of the skull occur during
      the first week of life in preterm and term infants born by caesarean section and
      in preterm infants born vaginally. This fact should be borne in mind when
      comparing the measurements of an infant's head size with published norms.

PMID- 962374
TI  - Echovirus 19 infection in infants under six months.
AB  - Twenty-four infants under 6 months infected with echovirus 19 are described, They
      were the youngest of the many children admitted to hospitals in Newcastle and
      Gateshead during an epidemic in the north-east of England in 1974. Generally, the
      younger the child the more severe the illness, which affected the upper
      respiratory tract, the gut, the skin, and the meninges, and sometimes caused as
      state of collapse resembling septicaemic shock. Polymorphonuclear pleocystosis of
      the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sometimes suggested bacterial meningitis, so that
      antibiotics were given in 38% of cases. The virus was recovered with a high
      success rate from nasopharyngeal secretions, CSF, and stool.

PMID- 962375
TI  - Severe echo 19 virus infection in a neonatal unit.
AB  - An epidemic of echo 19 virus infection in a neonatal unit affecting 12 babies
      with one death is described. With one exception it was confined to the neonatal
      unit and medical and nursing staff were also affected. The unit was closed for 9
      days, then was disinfected, and there was no recurrence.

PMID- 962376
TI  - Organic aciduria. Treatable cause of floppy infant syndrome.
AB  - A floppy infant is described who has an inborn error of organic acid metabolism
      due to defective activity of the enzyme beta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase. She
      presented with hyperventilation, hypotonia, and regression of motor and
      intellectual development. She responded to treatment with biotin.

PMID- 962377
TI  - Balanced translocation, impaired sperm motility, and offspring anomaly.
AB  - An infant with multiple physical abnormalities, failure to thrive, and mental
      deficiency, all probably due to a 22/11 chromosomal translocation is described,
      and the implications of inducing pregnancies in childless couples are discussed.

PMID- 962378
TI  - Letter: Life tables for cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 962379
TI  - Enhancement of sperm acrosin activity by glycerol-pretreatment - quantitative
      estimations.
AB  - Acetic acid treatment of spermatozoa, a method suitable for optimal extraction of
      the acrosomal proteinase acrosin, was used to show the influence of glycerol on
      sperm acrosin activity. Short-time pretreatment of semen samples with glycerol in
      concentrations up to 35% (v/v) caused a 1.5-2.5 fold increase in sperm acrosin
      activity. Higher glycerol concentrations caused a decrease in sperm acrosin
      activity due to leakage of the enzyme into the suspension medium. A further
      increase in sperm acrosin activity was observed during aging of semen in the
      presence of glycerol. In this case, the height of the increase depends on the
      glycerol concentration applied as well as incubation temperature and time. The
      acrosin activation pattern induced by glycerol was not influenced by proteinase
      (acrosin) inhibitors. On the other hand, addition of glycerol to spermatozoa from
      which the seminal plasma had been removed and substituted by physiological saline
      caused only a small increase in sperm acrosin activity. This indicates the
      occurrence of a seminal plasma factor which is either stimulated (activated) by
      glycerol or which can penetrate the membranes and subsequently activate acrosin
      only in the presence of glycerol. This seminal plasma factor was not consumed
      during activation and could be transfered to another sperm sample. However, a
      protecting influence of such a factor on the sperm head membranes and thus an
      indirect activation effect, i.e. better extractibility of acrosin, has also to be
      considered. The glycerol-induced rise of the acrosin activity is not caused by
      reversible conformational changes of the enzyme molecules: acrosin activity was
      not diminished if glycerol was removed from semen samples or extracts later on.
      The possibility that the observed increase in BAEE-splitting activity is due to a
      so far unknown proteinase may be excluded: the activity completely disappeared by
      neutralization due to formation of the acrosin-inhibitor complex and appeared
      again by acidification, a well known characteristic of acrosin and its
      inhibitors. Factors which are probably responsible for the glycerol-induced
      activation of acrosin-membrane effects and the activation of a precursor from of
      acrosin-are discussed.

PMID- 962380
TI  - [Immunological investigations in lichen planus patients (author's transl)].
AB  - 30 patients suffering from generalized lichen planus (= L.p.) have been examined
      by the following methods in order to more precise information regarding their
      immune-status: 1. Quantitative determination of immuno-globulins including
      complement fraction (beta 1C/A) 2. Intracutaneous tests with recall-antigens 3.
      Investigation of cutaneous sensitivity to DNCB 4. Lymphocytemigrationinhibition-
      and Lymphocytetransformationstests. The results obtained were not statistically
      significant when comparing the results of this investigation in patients
      suffering from L.p. with the control group. Therefore, the theory that
      immunological processes are the basis of these occurences is still under
      discussion. Further studies applying more specific methods should be conducted in
      order to clarify this problem.

PMID- 962381
TI  - [Morphological and biochemical investigations of hairs in inborn errors of amino
      acid metabolism (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of inborn errors of metabolism on the amino acid content, the
      structure and growth of human hair has been studied in patients suffering from
      Phenylketonuria, Cystinosis, Homocystinuria and Tyrosinosis. Examiniation of
      hairs under the scanning electron microscope reveals defects and abnormalities
      such as a plicated pattern of the cuticula in patients with Phenylketonuria and
      Cystinosis. The amino acid content of the hydrolized hair keratin of all patients
      was within normal range and did not reveal significant changes of phenylalanine,
      cystine, homocystine, methionine or tyrosine. Disturbance in hair growth was
      determined by evaluation of standardized hair root samples. The results indicate
      an increase in hair root atrophy with increasing severity of the disorder of
      amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 962382
TI  - [Penetrations kinetics and distribution of topically applied estrogens (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The penetration into the single layers of human skin in vitro of 17 alpha
      estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol and estriol was investigated. The radiolabeled
      substances were incorporated into 4 standard ointments and into an alcoholic
      solution mixture. After application to the skin and after different penetration
      periods, the horny layer was taken off by adhesive tape stripping. The epidermis
      and the dermis were separated by slicing them down parallel to the skin surface
      in a freeze microtome. In each single layer, the amount of substance was
      determined and calculated relative to the applied quantity and in absolute
      concentrations (mug per tissue weight and molarity). Besides the expected
      dependence of the penetration on the type of ointment, there is a distinct
      dependence on the chemical structure: estriol penetrates considerably slower and
      in less concentrations into the living layers of the human skin than the
      estradiols. Furthermore, estriol reaches the dermis only in low concentrations so
      that this substance may be termed epidermotropic. 17 alpha-estriol which has only
      weak sexhormone properties in humans penetrates as well as the sexhormone 17 beta
      estradiol.

PMID- 962383
TI  - Separation, isolation, and amino acid composition of the albumin-like fraction
      from psoriatic scales.
AB  - The albumin-like fraction of psoriatic scales was isolated either directly by
      slab gel electroporesis or after previous treatment with polyethylene glycol6000.
      After both isolation procedures the amino acid composition was determined. Both
      proteins were rich of glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine. On the other hand both
      contained very small amounts of cysteine and tyrosine. Only after the direct
      isolation procedure the amino-sugar galactosamine could be detected.

PMID- 962384
TI  - Dopa-positive cells and melanin in basal cell epithelioma (BCE).
AB  - In 47 out of 61 bce's, melanocytes were detectable with the aid of Dopa-reaction.
      In 24 of these cases, the percentage of tumour cells was less 5%, and in 23 it
      was more. The melanocytes preferred the periphery of the epithelial tumour
      formations. Only when the proportion of melanocytes exceeded 5% were they also to
      be found in the central parts of the tumours. Generally the melanocytes were more
      numerous in the upper parts of tumours, next to the epidermis. Our findings
      strengthen the opinion, that bce is a tumour of the primary hair germ.

PMID- 962385
TI  - Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in naevoid basal-cell epithelioma.
AB  - The activities of 27 enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and the proportions of
      lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes were determined in epidermis, in superficial
      epitheliomas and in several solid tumours biopsied from a patient with basal-cell
      naevus syndrome. The activity patterns varied from that of normal epidermis to
      that found in basal-cell epitheliomas. Thickened epidermis, superficial
      epitheliomas and some of the solid tumours presented an intermediate pattern.
      Histologically similar lesions sometimes differed markedly in their enzyme
      activities.

PMID- 962386
TI  - [Experimental inoculation of Leishmaniasis tropical from man to man (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Experimental transformation of leishmaniasis from man to man was demonstrated.
      The infection occurs through direct inoculation of the leishmania organism in the
      amastigote form: from an ulcer of a leishmania papule some materials were
      obtained and were inoculated intradermally in the thigh of one of the authors.
      Within weeks a red papule has developed in the place of inoculation from which
      the microorganisms were frequenctly demonstrated. The papule was cured
      spontaneously within 70 weeks under a formation of a flat pigmented scar. In the
      electronenmicroscopy the microorganisms were seen to be located intracellular.
      The microorganism had a double outer membrane, an oval nucleus, and a kinetoplast
      out of which (in the phlebotomus fly or in the culture) the future flagellum
      would be formed.

PMID- 962387
TI  - Ultrastructural studies in epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria. III. Recessive
      dystrophic types with dermolytic blistering (Hallopeau-Siemens types and inverse
      type).
AB  - Ultrastructural examination was performed in 42 biopsy specimens from 22 patients
      with the Hallopeau-Siemens types or with the inverse type of epidermolysis
      bullosa dystrophica recessiva. The patient group consists of 8 cases of the
      localized Hallopeua-Siemens type, 9 of the generalized Hallopeau-Siemens type and
      5 of the inverse type. The origins of the biopsy specimens are involved, intact
      and experimentally frictioned skin from blister-predilected sites, as well as
      clinically normal skin from nonpredilection sites. It is confirmed that all the
      blisters initiate below the basal lamina. Anchoring fibrils are moderately to
      markedly decreased in most cases, while they are normal in 3 other cases. It is
      thought that secondary degradation of anchoring fibrils and/or collagen fibrils
      plays an important role in blistering mechanism in the Hallopeau-Siemens and
      inverse types of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, whereas a primary
      aplasia of anchoring fibrils as causative defect has been out ruled.

PMID- 962388
TI  - Early metastases in regional lymph nodes and prognosis of malignant melanoma.
      Histological and clinical examinations in 104 lymphadenectomized patients.
AB  - In 104 malignant melanoma patients who underwent lymphadenectomy (67 females, 37
      males), correlations were studied between histologically diagnosed lymph node
      metastasis, the type of malignant melanoma and the depth of invasion according to
      Clark, as well as other parameters. In 35.6% of the patients, metastases of the
      primary tumor were found in one or several regional lymph nodes. In about one
      third of the patients, the clinical and histological lymph node findings were
      proven to diverge. The female:male ratio of generally about 2:1 shifted to 1:1 in
      the group of patients with lymph node metastasis, i.e. cases with lymph node
      metastasis were found significantly increased in the male sex, and also, when
      primary tumors were localized on the trunk. A prognostic correlation between the
      two parameters, sex and localization, is suggested by the high incidence of
      histologicallly diagnosed metastases in 1 or 2 lymph node regions, when malignant
      melanomas were localized on the trunk in males. As to the types and the micro
      stages of primary tumors, the number of cases collected until now does not permit
      establishing clear correlations with the incidence of lymph node involvement.
      Calculating the 5-year-survival rates for patients with and without lymph node
      metastasis according to the "actuarial method", we found the prognosis to depend
      largely on the presence or absence of lymph node involvement, even at a time as
      early as at primary tumor excision. Our results support the indication for
      prophylactic lymphadenectomy in malignant melanoma, provided the primary tumor
      has reached or surpassed the micro-stage 3.

PMID- 962389
TI  - Fluorescence-microscopic investigations of pigment cells of lentigo maligna
      (melanosis circumscripta praeblastomatosa Dubreuilh) and lentigo maligna
      melanoma.
AB  - With fluorescence-histochemical methods (formalin-induced fluorescence), the
      different stadia of development of lentigo maligna (Morbus Dubreuih) and lentigo
      maligna melanoma were investigated. In this way, the special stadia can be
      clearly characterized using the fluorescence-microscope. In the earliest stadium
      of malignancy, only the pigment-cells of the basal part of the epidermis seem to
      be numerous. At this time, these cells are mainly arranged as palisades in the
      basal layer, and their strongest dendrites are usually directed towards the
      corneal layer. As the malignancy progresses, the pigment-cells are arranged in
      several layers in the basal epidermis. In this case, polymorphism of the cells is
      obvious and their dendrites spread in all directions. A further stadium shows
      pathological alterations resembling a lentigo with long rete ridges. The atypical
      cells cluster together into the so-called pseudonests, predominantly at the tips
      of these rete ridges. With the fluorescence-microscope, dendrites are seldom
      visible here. In the stadium of tumorous growth, all above-described alterations
      of the epidermis in lentigo maligna are no longer detectable. Malignant cells in
      the dermis, which form as a tumor mode, seldom show dendrites. These cells are
      mainly round or oval-shaped; at best there are some spindle cells in certain
      areas of the tumor. The epidermis covering the tumor node is infiltrated by some
      tumor cells but the characteristic alterations as described above for the various
      stadia of lentigo maligna are no longer visible. Even fluorescence
      microscopically, a tumor node of lentigo maligna does not seem to be different
      from a primary nodular melanoma or a tumor node of a superficial spreading
      melanoma, if the flat parts of the tumors are not considered in the diagnosis.

PMID- 962392
TI  - American surgery-1976.

PMID- 962390
TI  - Comparison of the surface glycoprotein components in the isolated cells of
      hamster melanotic and amelanotic melanomas.
AB  - A suspension of melanoma cells isolated non-enzymatically from tumors (melanotic
      and amelanotic) of transplantable melanoma in Syrian hamster was treated with
      trypsin to obtain surface material. In the material released from the cell
      surface contents of protein, aminosugars, fucose, sialic acids and hexoses were
      determined. Differences in the composition of the surface material derived from
      two kinds of melanoma were observed. The differences in the surface glycoprotein
      composition seem to be related to biological properties of both melanomas.

PMID- 962393
TI  - Which breast to biopsy: an expanding dilemma.
AB  - To provide insight into the significance of findings reported from screening
      asymptomatic women for breast cancer, we reviewed 19,928 mammographic studies
      with the accompanying physical examination and correlated these findings with 554
      breast biopsies. Of 83 breast biopsies with suspicious findings on both physical
      examination and mammography, 72 demonstrated breast cancer (87%). Of 155 biopsies
      for suspicious  changes on mammography alone, 50 (32%) demonstrated breast
      cancer. The accuracy of suspicious mammography was independent of findings
      limited to physical examination, 34 (17%) had breast cancer; 31 were in 152
      biopsies of patients with mammography interpreted as normal (20%) and three were
      in biopsies of 52 patients (6%) in whom a visualized  mass was interpreted as
      benign. One hundred and twelve breast biopsies were performed for changes
      interpreted as normal or benign. Six malignancies were discovered (5%). No cancer
      was found in 31 biopsies for nonpalpable benign mammographic abnormalities. Our
      results emphasize the importance of discriminating between nonvisualization of a
      mass and mammographic recognition of either a benign or malignant tumor. The
      reliability of interpretation is considerably greater for a visualized lesion
      than a nonvisualized one.

PMID- 962394
TI  - Immunobiology of operable breast cancer: an assessment of biologic risk by
      immunoparameters.
AB  - The concept of whether immune function was related to risk of  recurrence was
      examined in patients with operable breast cancer in whom careful clinical and
      pathologic staging had been performed. Patients were classified according to the
      risk of recurrence. The "low risk" group included patients with minimal breast
      cancer, noninfiltrating cancer, or infiltrating cancer less than 1 cm with
      negative nodes. The "high ridk" group included patients with lesions greater than
      1 cm or who had greater than or equal to 4 nodal metastases or who had
      macrometastases at Level II or III (apex). In the "intermediate risk" group were
      patients with infiltrating cancer less than 1 cm or with less than 4 nodal
      metastases at I only. Immune reactivity was assessed by skin tests, by
      measurement of absolute lymphocyte count, T and B cells, lymphocyte stimulation
      by mitogens and a battery of common antigens, serum immunoglobulins and
      complement levels. There were 134 patients with operable breast cancer and 63
      patients with benign breast lesions. The breast cancer patients showed minimal or
      no impairment of DNCB skin test. Only patients with nodal metastases showed a
      slight but not significant impairment of DNCB responses (80% were DNCB positive
      compared to 90% in the controls.) The lymphocyte responses to mitogens were
      normal in the breast cancer patients, but there was a significant depression of
      lymphocyte responses to certain recall antigens such as Candida albicans and E
      coli. The absolute lymphocyte count and the T cell counts were normal, but B
      cells bearing complement receptors were decreased and B cells bearing sufface
      immunoglobulins were increased in the breast cancer patients. Analysis of immune
      function according to the pathologic stage of disease "risk of recurrence"
      categories showed no correlation with skin tests or lymphocyte levels. A striking
      and paradoxical finding was the demonstration that patients with  "low risk"
      cancer overall had markedly lower responses to the battery of stimulating
      mitogens and antigens than found in patients with "high risk" or "intermediate
      risk" disease. Only the lymphocyte responses to PHA showed a significant linear
      correlation with increasing pathologic stage or "risk of recurrence." Current
      evidence from this study suggests that PHA response is markedly influenced by the
      primary tumor burdenand thus indirectly reflects the risk of recurrence.

PMID- 962395
TI  - Limb salvage from a multidisciplinary treatment approach for skeletal and soft
      tissue sarcomas of the extremity.
AB  - Multimodality management of extremity skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas with
      preoperative intra-arterial Adriamycin and radiation therapy, radical surgical
      resection and postoperative chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy has resulted in
      preservation of a functional extremity in 13 or 14 patients. Seven of 8 patients
      with Stage IIIA and IIIB soft tissue sarcomas, managed with preoperative intra
      arterial Adriamycin and radiation therapy, followed by en bloc soft tissue
      resection and 6 patients with bone sarcomas managed by preoperative treatment,
      followed by bone resection and replacement with cadaver bone allografts, remained
      free of disease from 4 to 34 months. The results of the combined modality
      approach were significantly better than the results obtained in patients managed
      by surgical resection alone, or by combination of operation with another single
      modality, both in terms of short term-recurrence free survival and salvage of a 
      functional extremity.

PMID- 962396
TI  - Risks in therapeutic portacaval and splenorenal shunts.
AB  - Analyses of the records of 120 patients who underwent portacaval shunting (PCS,
      57%) or splenorenal shunting (SRS, 43%) from 1966-1973 disclosed that patients in
      each group undergoing elective shunts had the same preoperative physical
      condition and postoperative mortality rates (approximately 20%). Although the
      post-operative death rate from emergency shunts was 48%, patients having these
      procedures were poorer risks. Long-term incidences of encephalopathy were the
      same, irrespective of the type of shunt (PCS, 46%; SRS 36%, P greater than 0.5).
      Despite comparisons of data most unfavorable for PCS, 5-year survival rates were
      also the same after either type of shunt (all PCS, 29 +/- 7.5%, SRS, 42.0 +/-
      7.4%, P = 0.23). The survival rate after elective PCS was also the same as after
      SRS during the entire 5-year period. However, the survival after all elective PCS
      and SRS was significantly greater than after emergency PCS (P range = 0.005
      0.038); the poorer results of emergency shunting could be partly attributed to
      the poorer condition of patients selected. A numerical score based on serum
      bilirubin concentrations, ascites, and urgency of shunting reliably predicts
      postoperative mortality. Long-term encephalopathy is predicted by a history of
      encephalopathy and the urgency of shunting.

PMID- 962397
TI  - Hepatic artery flow improvement after portacaval shunt: a single hemodynamic
      clinical correlate.
AB  - We have documented a highly significant increment in hepatic arterial flow
      following a portacaval shunt in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and portal
      hypertension. In contrast with other hemodynamic variables, the increment in
      arterial flow was directly related to morbidity, hospital mortality, and long
      term survival. Patients with increments smaller than 100 ml/min had the worst
      clinical results. They accounted for all of the hospital mortality, the largest
      incidence of encephalopathy, and the worst long term cumulative survival rates.
      The extent of the increment was not related directly to the type of shunt but,
      rather, to some intrinsic capability of the cirrhotic liver to increase its
      arterial flow in response to the relief of sinusoidal hypertension produced by
      the shunt. This capablilty appears related to the degree of entrapment of the
      hepatic arterioles by the fibrous tissues of cirrhosis. This encasement of
      arterioles should change the elastic properties of the hepatic arterial bed and
      we propose to measure these properties by determining the characteristic input
      impedance of the arterial bed.

PMID- 962398
TI  - The surgical treatment of constrictive fibrous endocarditis.
AB  - Constrictive fibrous endocarditis is a pathological entity described by Loeffler
      in 1936. Its etiology is unknown. The clinical course is characterized by an
      evolution towards cardiac insufficiency leading rapidly to a fatal outcome.
      Moderen paraclinical investigations are necessary to assess the diagnostic.
      Caridac catheterization brings the proof of adiastole and angiogardiography
      reveals the shape of amputation of the ventricle with auriculoventricular
      regurgitation. The operative procedure consists of resection of the ventricular
      fibrosis including the valves and auriculo-ventricular valve replacement by a
      prosthetic valve. The disease affects both Caucasians and Negros. Our experience
      includes 5 cases. The indications for operation and their results are discussed.

PMID- 962399
TI  - The treatment of acute traumatic rupture of the aorta: a 10-year experience.
AB  - Forty-three patients with aortic rupture secondardy to blunt trauma have been
      treated at the University of Micigan within the past 10 years with an overall
      salvage rate of 70%. The diagnosis should be suspected in anyone who has
      sustained a high speed decelerating injury, if the chest roentgenogram shows
      media-stinal widening, whether or not there is hypertension of the upper
      extremities; systolic murmur, or external evidence of chest injury. Aortography
      should be employed to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the site or sites of
      rupture. Repair of the lesion should be undertaken as soon as possible and takes
      priority in most instances over associated injuries. Repair in almost all cases
      can be accomplished safely and quickly using a bypass shunt without the aid of
      extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 962400
TI  - Long-term survival after resection for bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - Of 915 resections for bronchogenic carcinoma over a 25-year period (1945-1969),
      249 patients survived over 5 years; 127 of the patients eligible survived over 10
      years, 61 over 15 years, and 22 over 20 years. The case material was divided into
      three time periods: 1945-49, 1950-59 and 1960-69, as well as by extent of
      resection. Lobectomy became the operation of choice, pneumonectomy being reserved
      for the more extensive lesions. Observed survival rates  at 5, 10 and 15 years
      for 561 patients in the lobetomy series were 35, 22 and 15%, respectively, but
      strikingly increased to 41, 28 and 19% in the 1960-69 period. Observed rates  for
      354 patients having pneumonectomies were similar for three time periods, being
      16, 8 and 6% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Relative survival rates for the
      lobectomy series at 5, 10 and 15 years rose from 33, 28 and 26%, repectively, in
      the 1950-59 period to 50, 39 and 35% in the last  time period, becoming a near
      horizontal curve segment after 5 years. Dominant factors in survival were extent
      of the lesion and stage of nodal involvement, histologic type and location being
      less significant.

PMID- 962401
TI  - Biliary lipid excretion after hepatic portoenterostomy.
AB  - Since 1974, 16 consecutive infants with biliary atresia have been treated by
      hepatic portoenterostomy employing an exteriorized Roux-en-Y intestinal segment
      (Miluliez). Simultaneous, sequential analyses of bile pigments and lipids in
      serum and biliary drainage were performed. In the 11 patients with sustained bile
      drainage, progressive increases in bile volume, bilirubin and biliary lipid
      concentrations correlated well with their subsequent return toward normal in the
      serum. Despite relief of biliary obstruction, four patients have had progressive
      liver cirrhosis. The other 7 have residual liver damage which has been stable, or
      in two instances, improved, at late biopsy. The clinical and biochemical results
      suggest that both obstructive and parenchymal factors are operative in infants
      with biliary atresia.

PMID- 962402
TI  - Repair of ventricular septal defect in the first two years of life using profound
      hypothermia-circulatory arrest techniques.
AB  - Ventricular septal defect repair had been performed in 57 infants ages 21 days to
      21 months and under 10 kg in weight using profound hypothermia-circulatory arrest
      technics. Severe congestive heart failure was the indication for operation in all
      but two infants under 6 months of age, and in those under 3 months there was
      usually an associated moderate or large sized atrial septal defect or patent
      ductus arteriosus or a coarctation. In infants over 6 months controlled heart
      failure was accompanied by failure to thrive and often recurrent respiratory
      infections. The main indication for surgery in three infants was repeated severe
      respiratory infections and in 7 infants, ages 10-15 months, an elevation of
      pulmonary vascular resistance of 6 units M2 or more. There were two hospital
      deaths among the 49 infants without coarctation (ages 6 and 20 months) and two
      among the 8 with coarctation. Postoperative respiratory and other complications
      were uncommon. On late review there was no significant residual VSD amongst the
      11 recatheterized patients. Psychometric studies in 19  children who had reached
      the age of three to four years gave no evidence of cerebral damage due to the
      circulatory arrest period. In view of these results palliative pulmonary artery
      banding is no longer performed for VSD in infancy unless there is a Swiss cheese
      septum or an associated severe coarctation.

PMID- 962403
TI  - Informed consent: recall by patients tested postoperatively.
AB  - When tested for recall between 4 and 6 months following operation, 20 patients
      failed to remember accurately major portions of their informed consent interview.
      Documentation of the details of consent in the clinical record is considered
      advisable.

PMID- 962404
TI  - In vivo evaluation of the Lillehei-Kaster heart valve prosthesis.
AB  - In vivo evaluation of the Lillehei-Kaster heart valve prosthesis was performed in
      28 patients; 22 had undergone aortic valve replacement and 6 had had mitral valve
      replacement. Mean pressure gradients ranged from 6 to 53 mm Hg in aortic
      prostheses; valve area varied from 0.83 to 2.9 cm2. The maximum opening angle of
      80 degrees was never reached in this group of patients; opening angles ranged
      from 57 to 74 degrees without evidence of disc malfunction. There was no
      correlation between the ratio of effective to geometric valve area and the degree
      of opening of the disc occluder. Similar results were found in the mitral valve
      group. Gradients ranged from 6.0 to 12.5 mm Hg and valve area from 1.6 to 2.2
      cm2. The maximum opening angle was 59 to 63 degrees. It is concluded that
      incomplete opening of the disc occluder in pivoting-disc valves is not
      necessarily a sign of disc malfunction. Lillehei-Kaster valves smaller than 18 mm
      in internal diameter should be avoided in adults, and outflow aortoplasty for
      implantation of a larger prosthesis should be used in patients who have a narrow
      aortic root.

PMID- 962405
TI  - Aortic valve replacement with the Hancock porcine xenograft.
AB  - The Hancock porcine xenograft stabilized with the glutaraldehyde process was used
      for isolated aortic valve replacement in 71 patients from March, 1972, to July,
      1975. Aortic stenosis was the primary diagnosis in 52 patients and aortic
      insufficiency in 19. There were 52 men and 19 women ranging in age from 18 to 82
      years; 14 patients were older than 70 years. One patient was in Functional Class
      II, 50 in Class III, and 20 in Class IV preoperatively. Seventy-three patients
      undergoing Bjork-Shiley aortic valve replacement during the same period are
      presented for comparison. The operative mortality was 3% (2 of the 71 patients);
      4 of the remaining 69 patients (6%) died in the late postoperative period. No
      patient was placed on anticoagulation during the postoperative course, and there
      was 1 postoperative embolus in a patient with chronic atrial fibrillation (1.4%).
      With a mean follow-up period of 17 months, 60 patients are now in Functional
      Class I, 4 in Class II, and 1 in Class III. Seven patients have had transvalvular
      gradients and effective valve areas measured postoperatively that ranged from 32
      to 5 mm Hg and 0.9 to 2.9 cm2 in 21 through 25 mm (OD) sizes.

PMID- 962406
TI  - Surgical treatment of large ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension
      in the first 24 months of life.
AB  - A total of 74 patients under 24 months of age with large ventricular septal
      defects (VSD) and pulmonary hypertension were subjected to surgical treatment
      from 1969 through 1975. Emergency pulmonary artery (PA) banding was performed in
      13 patients during the first year of life with 1 death from postoperative
      respiratory failure. Primary closure of the VSD was performed in 61 patients
      using simple hypothermia and short-term coronary perfusion, with an operative
      mortality of 1.6%. There were no late deaths or neurological disturbances. Normal
      hemodynamic data were obtained in all 7 patients who underwent postoperative
      cardiac catheterization from one month to five years after the primary
      correction. It is concluded that primary closure of a VSD in infancy is
      reasonable and that PA banding is indicated only for those patients less than 6
      months old with a complicated defect or in an emergency situation.

PMID- 962407
TI  - The Blalock-Taussig operation: the procedure of choice in the hypoxic infant with
      tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - From 1971 to 1975, 17 consecutive patients aged 1 day to 4 years underwent
      Blalock-Taussig shunts for severe tetralogy of Fallot. Three infants were under 6
      weeks of age and 7 (41%) under 1 year. There were no hospital deaths.
      Modification of the shunt technique adapts it to any size infant. The subclavian
      artery is divided at its major branches and the end spatulated to enlarge it. The
      artery is occluded while the shunt is constructed. No intraoperative
      complications were encountered; all patients have a shunt murmur with no early or
      late closure. No child has had heart failure or hypoxic spells. Flows measured at
      operation equaled one-quarter to one-half of the child's normal cardiac output.
      Ligation of the shunt at subsequent repair is uncomplicated. One child died three
      years later at correction from causes unrelated to the shunt. With appropriate
      modifications in technique, the Blalock-Taussig shunt is the operation of choice,
      at any age, for palliation of severe tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 962408
TI  - The operative problem of small left atrium in total anomalous pulmonary venous
      connection: report of 5 patients.
AB  - A moderately small left atrium is a common finding in total anomalous pulmonary
      venous connection (TAPVC). In most patients in whom the common pulmonary vein is
      anastomosed to the left atrium, the small size of this chamber does not interfere
      with good operative results. Recently a patient was encountered in whom the left
      atrium measured less than 2 cm in its greatest dimension. This atrium was too
      small to take an anatomosis with the common pulmonary vein. Therefore the common
      pulmonary vein was anastomosed primarily to the right atrium, the floor of the
      fossa ovalis was excised, and a pericardial conduit was constructed.
      Subsequently, 4 additional patients have been similarly treated. The problem of
      small left atrium in TAPVC is discussed.

PMID- 962409
TI  - Pulmonary venoocclusive disease.
AB  - Pulmonary venoocclusive disease has been established as a definite clinical
      entity characterized by congestive cardiac failure with pulmonary arterial
      hypertension, chronic interstitial pulmonary edema, and normal wedge pressure on
      cardiac catheterization. This disease was diagnosed and confirmed in a patient
      during life. A review of the 32 patients reported earlier has been done in an
      attempt to fine possible etiological agents. Early recognition and treatment with
      anticoagulants, methylprednisolone, aspirin, and dipyridamole may improve the
      prognosis.

PMID- 962410
TI  - Transaxillary minithoracotomy: the optimal approach for certain pulmonary and
      mediastinal lesions.
AB  - This report concerns the use of transaxillary thoracotomy for a variety of
      pulmonary, pleural, and mediastinal conditions in 50 patients. Primary and
      metastatic carcinomas, pneumothoraces, and benign lesions such as bronchogenic
      cysts and neurogenic tumors can be identified, evaluated, and treated with
      confidence. Reduced postoperative pain and morbidity, rapid return of arm and
      shoulder movements, reduced hospital stay, and excellent cosmetic result are
      among the advantages of this approach when compared with the usual posterolateral
      thoracotomy.

PMID- 962411
TI  - Emergency open lung biopsy.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients underwent open lung biopsy on an emergency basis. The
      clinical course in each case was deteriorating rapidly, and all were in
      respiratory failure. The correct diagnosis was established in 96% of the biopsies
      (27 of the 28 patients). The clinical diagnosis prior to biopsy was in error or
      incomplete in 15 (55%) of the patients. Specific therapy was lifesaving in 12 of
      the 28 patients. The value of the procedure outweighed the complications.
      Thrombocytopenia and positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation were not
      contraindications to biopsy.

PMID- 962412
TI  - Mediastinopleuroscopy: a new approach to the diagnosis of intrathoracic diseases.
AB  - With the advent of modern therapy, it has become essential to obtain a tissue
      diagnosis in all cases of pulmonary and mediastinal disease. Since it is often
      necessary to resort to thoracotomy as a final step in making such a diagnosis, we
      have sought a procedure that is simpler while capable of providing the same
      information. Through a standard cervical mediastinoscopy incision, the
      mediastinum is first explored; if the diagnosis is not obtained, the mediastinal
      pleura is digitally opened and lung or pleural biopsies are taken. In the course
      of 1,100 mediastinoscopies since 1969, 275 pleuroscopies have been done. We were
      able to obtain a tissue diagnosis in 102 (78%) of 131 patients with bronchogenic
      carcinoma, in 92 (91%) of 102 with benign pulmonary disease, and in all 20 (100%)
      with pleural disease.

PMID- 962413
TI  - Carcinoid tumors of the lung.
AB  - Resection of typical bronchial carcinoid was carried out in 203 patients. The
      average age was 48 years, and the sex distribution was approximately equal.
      Bronchoscopy was the most definitive diagnostic procedure, even though 15% of the
      tumors were located in the segmental bronchus or beyond. Conservative resection
      including local removal of the lesion was the treatment of choice, but distal
      suppuration and location of the tumor necessitated pneumonectomy in 54 (27%) of
      the patients. The incidence of metastasis was 5% (11 patients), and the overall
      hospital mortality was 3%. Of patients who qualified for follow-up, 94% survived
      5 years, and of those who were asymptomatic preoperatively, 98% survived 5 years.
      The 10- and 25-year survival rates for the group as a whole were 87 and 66%,
      respectively.

PMID- 962414
TI  - Reflux control following extended myotomy in primary disordered motor activity
      (diffuse spasm) of the esophagus.
AB  - We have previously reported the results of extended esophageal myotomy and Belsey
      hiatal hernia repair in 21 patients. Reflux was considered to be a late
      complication of this operation, and gastroplasty has subsequently been added.
      Thirty-four patients have now been surgically treated, 17 with myotomy and Belsey
      repair and 17 with myotomy, gastroplasty, and Belsey repair. Eight of the 17 with
      Belsey repair developed clinical and roentgenographic signs of reflux 6 to 27
      months following operation without evidence of hernia recurrence; 5 of the 8
      patients have required further operation, with the addition of gastroplasty for
      reflux control. Seventeen patients were treated primarily by extended myotomy,
      gastroplasty, and Belsey repair. None of the patients who underwent gastroplasty
      have reflux symptoms, and only 1 shows a trace of reflux radiologically.

PMID- 962415
TI  - Simplified lateral chest incision for most thoracotomies other than sternotomy.
AB  - Our experience using the lateral simplified thoracotomy incision for most chest
      work other than operations requiring median sternotomy is reported. The incision
      provides adequate exposure, yet preserves major muscle masses and decreases the
      postoperative morbidity. Return of normal ipsilateral arm function appears to be
      hastened in the postoperative period. In addition, the incision is easier to open
      and close than the standard incision.

PMID- 962416
TI  - Vertical axillary thoracotomy: a functional and cosmetically appealing incision.
AB  - Vertical axillary thoracotomy offers the specific advantages of minimum trauma
      and maximum preservation of chest wall function. A cosmetically acceptable scar
      results. The vertical axillary thoracotomy is specifically indicated in patients
      requiring less than the maximum intrathoracic exposure provided by the most
      traumatic posterolateral or anterolateral thoracotomy. The surgical technique is
      presented.

PMID- 962417
TI  - Total spinal anesthesia: a rare complication of intrathoracic intercostal nerve
      block.
AB  - Total spinal anesthesia following intrathoracic intercostal nerve blocks with
      bupivacaine performed for postoperative pain relief during thoracotomy is
      described. Possible mechanisms for this complication include: (1) inadvertent
      placement of the needle through an intervertebral foramen, (2) puncture of a long
      dural cuff, and (3) intraneural injection with central spread. Recognition of
      this potential complication is important, and facilities for proper support must
      be available.

PMID- 962418
TI  - Massive pulmonary embolism permitting paradoxical systemic arterial embolism:
      successful surgical management.
AB  - The case of a young woman, receiving oral contraceptives, who developed massive
      pulmonary embolism producing circulatory collapse and paradoxical arterial
      embolism through a patent foramen ovale is documented.. Limb viability was
      threatened. Emergency management included removal of arterial and pulmonary
      emboli, surgical closure of the patent foramen ovale, inferior caval
      partitioning, ovarian vein ligation, and short-term anticoagulation. Recovery was
      rapid and complete.

PMID- 962419
TI  - Pulmonary embolism and intracardiac shunt: a unique indication for operation.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism with right-to-left intracardiac shunt presents a special
      problem for the clinician. A review of the literature and 4 personal cases, all
      diagnosed antemortem, are presented. On the basis of this information certain
      conclusions are drawn, and we suggest the problem to be a unique indication for
      the consideration of surgical intervention.

PMID- 962420
TI  - Editorial: Role of the Blalock-Taussig operation in the hypoxic infant with
      tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 962421
TI  - Comparative study of 1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)-piperazine and its
      enantiomorphs on analgesic and othe pharmacological activities in experimental
      animals.
AB  - The analgesic activity of (+/-)-1-cycylohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)-piperazine
      (MT-45) was comparable to that of morphine. The activity of the S(+)-isomer was
      1.14 to 1.97 times in mice and 1.00 and 1.23 times in rats as potent as MT-45,
      and 18.3 to 61.6 times as potent as the R(--)isomer, which was approximately
      comparable to that of Spa. The hyperglycemic and miotic activities of MT-45 and
      its S(+)-isomer in rabbits were negligible or very low, though they showed potent
      morphine-like activites. On the other hand, the R(--)-isomer showed no or very
      weak effects on those, while Spa showed definite effects. These results suggest
      that the modes of action of MT-45 and its enantiomorphs are partly different from
      those of morphine and Spa, and it may be concluded that MT-45 belongs to a new
      series of compounds having a potent analgesic activity.

PMID- 962422
TI  - The anti-inflammatory profile of proquazone.
AB  - Proquazone, 1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-7-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone is an orally
      effective anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic compound in animal models.
      The compound is less ulcerogenic than indomethacin in the rat and appears to
      potentiate the anti-inflammatory and thymus involution effects of hydrocortisone
      in this species. That a nonacidic nonsteroidal compound would display a spectrum
      of anti-inflammatory activity similar to that previously found only with acidic
      compounds will be the subject of further investigations.

PMID- 962423
TI  - 4-nitro-2-phenoxymethanesulfonanilide (R-805): a chemically novel anti
      inflammatory agent.
AB  - The anti-inflammatory activity of the sulfonanilide, 4-nitro-2
      phenoxymethanesulfonanilide (R-805) has been demonstrated in conventional models
      (carrageenan-induced edema of the rat's paw, UV-induced erythema of guinea-pig
      skin, adjuvant-induced arthritis of the rat). R-805 differs from most currently
      available acidic anti-inflammatory drugs in that its functional acidic group is
      not carboxyl. The relative anti-inflammatory potency of R-805 is comparable to
      indomethacin. Calculation of acute therapeutic indices (LD50/ED50) for 8 acidic
      anti-inflammatory drugs show R-805 to possess a more favourable index than the
      other drugs examined.

PMID- 962424
TI  - In-vitro metabolism of etomidate by rat liver fractions.
AB  - (R)-(+)-etomidate and (S)-(-)-etomidate were found to be metabolized in-vitro by
      various rat liver homogenization fractions: the 16,000 g supernatant fraction
      caused a more intensive metabolic breakdown than the microsomal fraction; the
      100,000 g supernatant fraction was only slightly active. The metabolism was
      somewhat more rapid and more extensive for the (R)-(+)-etomidate than for the (S)
      (-)-isomer. For both isomers, a dose-dependence was observed: the smaller the
      substrate concentration, the smaller the relative amount of unmetabolized drug,
      and the more the rate of metabolic breakdown after a certain incubation time
      slowed down. Only minor qualitative differences between the metabolic pathways of
      the two isomers were observed. The main metabolic pathway for the in-vitro
      metabolism was the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester. Decarboxylation and oxidative N
      dealkylation were also observed.

PMID- 962425
TI  - The plasma protein binding and distribution of etomidate in dog, rat and human
      blood.
AB  - The interactions of etomidate and its major metabolite  (R 28 141) with plasma
      proteins were studied by equilibrium dialysis with a multiple cell system. A 4%
      human serum albumin solution was able to bind 78.5% of the etomidate, and 60.5%
      of R 25 141, whereas a 1.5% human gamma globulin solution bound etomidate for not
      more than 3% and did not bind R 28 141 at all. The association constants and free
      binding energies for the binding of etomidate and R 28 141 to human serum albumin
      were determined. Plasma protein binding of etomidate was 75.4% in the dog and
      76.5% in man; in rat plasma 79.5% of the radioactivity was bound to the plasma
      proteins, however the etomidate was partly hydrolyzed, even in the presence of
      sodium fluoride. In the rat 29.7% was distributed to the blood cells, 55.9% bound
      to plasma proteins and 14.4% was present in plasma water; in the dog the
      distribution percentages were 42.1%, 43.7% and 14.2% respectively, and in man
      37.7%, 47.6% and 14.7% respectively. The major metabolite of etomidate was
      distributed for 26.3% to the human blood cells, 47.4% was bound to plasma
      proteins and 26.2% was present in the plasma water; its plasma protein binding
      amounted to 64.3%. Etomidate was bound at or in the blood cells, whereas R 28 141
      was not.

PMID- 962426
TI  - [Comparative activity of ethaverine and papaverine on chronotropic and
      dromotropic cardiac functions in the anesthetized dog].
AB  - Ethaverine inhibits both atrioventricular conduction and heart rate, starting at
      a dosage of 1 mg/kg, injected i.v. into the anaesthetized dog. In the
      experimental conditions used, ethaverine is clearly different from papaverine,
      which stimulates both at a dosage between 1 and 10 mg/kg, and which only produces
      an inhibitory effect starting at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, with the appearance of
      cardiotoxic phenomena. After total cardiac denervation the inhibitory action of
      ethaverine persists partially, especially at the atrioventricular level, which is
      probably due to a direct effect on the heart muscle. The observed differences can
      hardly be explained by a more pronounced cardiac toxicity. Consequently, the
      ethyl-derivative of papaverine constitutes, in certain aspects, a molecule with
      original pharmacological properties.

PMID- 962427
TI  - Cardiac chronotropic mechanisms of dimethyl sulphoxide: inhibition of
      acetylcholinesterase and antagonism of negative chronotropy by atropine.
AB  - The chronotropic effects of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were studied in
      spontaneously beating rabbit atria. Low concentrations of DMSO (0.14, 0.42 M)
      produced slight positive chronotropic (+C) responses; 0.84 and 1.41 M DMSO caused
      significant negative chronotropic (--C) responses. All concentrations decreased
      contractile strength. Atropine sulphate (10)-7) to 10(-5) M) antagonized the
      chronotropic effects, but not the inotropic effects. In the presence of atropine
      all DMSO concentrations produced significant +C responses. Reserpine pretreatment
      or propranolol did not affect contractile responses to DMSO in the absence or
      presence of atropine. DMSO produced concentration-dependent inhibition of
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of atrial homogenates. The results indicate
      that the --C responses are due specifically to AChE inhibition by DMSO and
      resulting cholinergic influences on the atrial pacemaker. Adrenergic mechanisms
      do not appear to mediate the +C responses. Data presented here provide evidence
      that a cardioactive effect of DMSO is mediated by a well-defined receptor-linked
      mechanism, and that this effect can be modified by a specific receptor blocking
      agent.

PMID- 962428
TI  - Studies using KWD 2058, a derivative of terbutaline in isolated atrial and
      tracheal preparations from the guinea-pig.
AB  - KWD 2058 is a derivative of terbutaline in which the ring hydroxy groups are
      esterified with isobutyric acid. In guinea-pig atrial and tracheal preparations
      KWD 2058 produced slowly developing beta-receptor mediated actions which were
      absent in preparations pretreated with physostigmine. Incubation of KWD 2058 with
      guinea-pig plasma resulted in the production of a compound which was
      indistinguishable from terbutaline on both a qualitative and quantitative basis.
      KWD 2058 produced negative inotropic and chronotropic actions and increased the
      effective refractory period of guinea-pig atria. In addition, KWD 2058 produced a
      non-competitive antagonism of chronotropic responses to (--)-isoprenaline in
      atria. It is concluded that KWD 2058 has no affinity for beta-adrenoreceptors and
      that any beta-agonistic activity displayed is due to its hydrolysis product,
      terbutaline.

PMID- 962429
TI  - Effects of dipyridamole on the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig's taenia
      coli.
AB  - Effects of dipyridamole on the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig's taenia coli were
      studied using the single and double sucrose gap method. Dipyridamole (10(-5) M)
      affected neither the non-adrenergic inhibitory junction potential, elicited by
      field stimulation, nor the membrane hyperpolarization induced with ATP applied
      exogenously, but did potentiate the accompanying relaxations. The muscle spike
      activity was reduced by dipyridamole without affecting the membrane potential or
      the membrane resistance. Carbachol induced a depolarization of the muscle cell
      membrane and thus a contraction of the muscle. Dipyridamole did not modify the
      membrane potential change produced by carbachol but decreased the size and time
      course of the contraction. From these results it is concluded that dipyridamole
      does not potentiate non-adrenergic relaxations by interfering with the
      neuromuscular transmission, which has been assumed to be purinergic.

PMID- 962430
TI  - In vivo antispasmodic activity of Sulcotidil.
AB  - Suloctidil was tested in vivo for its antispasmodic activity on peripheral and
      cerebral circulations. In the perfused dog hind limb preperation, suloctidil was
      found to inhibit after 2 and 5 min, the vasospasm induced by norepinephrine or
      angiotensin; at equal dose, and at the game time intervals, it was more potent
      than cinnarizine and papaverine. BaCl(2) induced spasms of the pial arterial of
      the rabbit were also rapidly alleviated by i.a. suloctidil (3.5 mug/kg or more),
      in conditions where papaverine and vincamine were inactive.

PMID- 962431
TI  - The inhibitory action of dopamine on the anterior tibialis muscle preparation
      antagonized by pimozide and chlorpromazine.
AB  - In the cat anterior tibialis muscle preparation dopamine produces a decrease on
      indirectly evoked twitch contraction when it is administered intraarterially but
      not on intravenous injection. Edrophonium (0.3 mg/kg) exerts only a brief
      antagonism to the dopamine-induced inhibition. The phenothiazine derivative,
      chlorpromazine (CPZ, 400 mug/kg) which possesses both alpha and dopaminergic
      blocking properties significantly reduces the action of dopamine on skeletal
      muscle. However, phentolamine (1 mg/kg), an alpha adrenergic blocker is without
      effect, possibly indicating that the dopaminergic blocking characteristic of CPZ
      is responsible for decreasing the action of dopamine. A more selective
      dopaminergic blocking agent, pimozide (100 and 200 mug/kg) is an effective
      antagonist to the paralysis caused by dopamine on the anterior tibialis muscle.
      The results of this investigation suggests the possibility that a dopaminergic
      receptor may be present in or on skeletal muscle.

PMID- 962432
TI  - Factors influencing tolerance to d-amphetamine-induced anorexia in rats.
AB  - Three experiments were concerned with tolerance to anorexia induced by d
      amphetamine. In experiment 1, one group of rats on a 2 hr food deprivation
      schedule received 2 mg/kg of d-amphetamine 15 min before eating every other day
      for a month. A second group of rats on a similar schedule received the same dose
      of d-amphetamine immediately after eating. When compared to a saline-treated
      control group, the former group showed significant decreases in weight and food
      intake; tolerance to the amphetamine-induced anorexia began to occur toward the
      end of the experiment. The latter group showed a significant decrease in food
      intake on the non-drug days and an overall weight loss when compared to the
      control group. Experiment 2 demonstrated that tolerance to d-amphetamine-anorexia
      was related to the duration of drug administration per se. Experiment 3 showed
      that taste can be a factor in influencing the rate of tolerance to d-amphetamine
      induced anorexia. These results indicate that both pharmacological and
      experiential factors play an important role in determining the rate of tolerance
      to this action of d-amphetamine.

PMID- 962433
TI  - Indirect and direct depressive effects of morphine on activation of lamina V cell
      of the spinal dorsal horn induced by intra-arterial injection of bradykinin.
AB  - Small doses of morphine (0.3-2.0 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited, in the majority of intact
      rabbits, the unitary activities of the lumbar lamina V dorsal horn neurons
      induced by intra-arterial injection of bradykinin, a potent pain producing
      substance, but not in spinal rabbits. A large dose of morphine (5.0 mg/kg),
      however, inhibited the bradykinin-induced response even in spinal rabbits. These
      results suggest that morphine, in small doses, inhibits the sensory transmission
      of bradykinin-induced pain at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, through its
      facilitatory action on the descending inhibitory mechanism; in large doses the
      level of dorsal horn is directly inhibited.

PMID- 962434
TI  - Effects of thyroxine pretreatment and calcium on the isolated perfused rat heart.
AB  - Phosphorylase a activity was the same in isolated perfused hearts from euthyroid
      and thyroxine-pretreated rats. Perfusion with 3.6 mM Ca2+ caused an increase in
      phosphorylase a in hearts from euthyroid as well as those from thyroxine
      pretreated animals, but the Ca2+-induced stimulation of phosphorylase activity
      was similar in both groups over the time course studied. Greater conversion of
      phosphorylase b to a occurred with 7.2 mM than with 3.6 mM Ca2+ in both groups,
      but once again thyroxine pretreatment did not significantly influence the
      conversion of phosphorylase b to a. Isometric systolic tension increased in
      response to 3.6 mM and 7.2 mM Ca2+ in hearts from normal and thyrotoxic rats, but
      thyroxine pretreatment did not appreciably alter the nature of this response.
      While spontaneous heart rate was higher in hearts from thyroxine-pretreated rats,
      perfusion with 3.6 mM or 7.2 mM Ca2+ had no significant effect on heart rate in
      hearts from euthyroid or thyrotoxic rats.

PMID- 962435
TI  - Vas deferens desensitization by noradrenaline and other drugs.
AB  - Desensitization of the isolated rat vas deferens was demonstrated by using
      noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, carbachol, acetylcholine or barium chloride
      as a test concentration after a large concentration (concentration producing a
      contraction that was 80% of the maximum) of the same agonist. The large
      concentration of noradrenaline caused desensitization in response to 5
      hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine but not to carbachol and barium chloride.
      Desensitization is not altered by reserpine--in pretreatment of rats with
      reserpine or reserpine in Tyrode solution--imipramine and 6-hydroxydopamine.
      Surgical denervation or modification of the sodium and calcium concentration of
      the Tyrode solution did not either alter desensitization. Results show that in
      the rat isolated vas deferens desensitization is not mediated by an action of
      noradrenaline on the adrenergic neuron.

PMID- 962436
TI  - Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2 alpha and polyphloretin phosphate of
      domestic fowl.
AB  - The predominant effect of PGE1, E2, and F2 alpha on systemic arterial pressure of
      domestic fowl is hypotension. PGE1 and E2 are approximately equiactive and PGF2
      alpha is about 10 times less active than E1 and E2, PGE1 and E2 produce sudden
      hypotension with gradual recovery while F2 alpha produces fall in blood pressure
      with both slow onset and recovery. Polyphloretin phosphate itself produces
      depressor responses in chickens and antagonizes the depressor responses to the
      prostaglandins dose-dependently.

PMID- 962437
TI  - Duration of analgesia and hyperactivity in mice after single injections (S.C. and
      I.V.) of heroin.
AB  - ED50 values for analgesia (tail-clip method) at 30 min after heroin HCl
      administered i.v. or s.c. in groups of Swiss-Webster mice were not significantly
      different. Nor was the duration of the analgesia following various doses of
      heroin significantly different after i.v. or s.c. injections, although there was
      a tendency for the latter route to have a longer effect. Hyperactivity (mean
      levels in groups of 5 mice, measured by an Activity Meter), though variable, was
      increased after s.c. injections of heroin in a dose-related manner up to doses of
      10 mg/kg. Larger doses progesssively prolonged the peak levels of hyperactivity.
      Because the degree and duration of both analgesia and hyperactivity were parallel
      over a wide range of doses of heroin HCl in these mice, a close relationship
      between the two underlying mechanisms seems very likely.

PMID- 962438
TI  - The effect of acetylcholine on bile flow.
AB  - The effect of acetylcholine on bile flow was studied in isolated perfused rat
      liver. Acetylcholine added into the perfusion medium altered bile flow in a way
      analogous to mechanical clamping and opening of the common bile duct. This effect
      was potentiated by physostigmine and antagonized by atropine. The results suggest
      that acetylcholine can pass from portal sinusoidal blood into the biliary tract,
      possibly through the terminal bars of bile canaliculi, and cause an obstruction
      in the biliary tree. Suggested mechanism could explain the observed decreased and
      increased bile flow caused by cholinergic drugs or vagal stimulation in the
      earlier experiments.

PMID- 962439
TI  - Intestinal absorption and biliary excretion kinetics of 14C-labeled methadone in
      the rat.
AB  - Intestinal abosrption, biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of d,l
      methadone were studied in male, female, fasted and fed rats by monitoring the
      appearance of radioactivity in the portal vein, the inferior vena cava, and the
      bile following intraduodenal administration of 2-14C-d,l-methadone. An early peak
      in portal concentration was not reflected in the peripheral blood or in the bile.
      An enterohepatic circulation exists, but is minimal, accounting for less than 1%
      of the dose in the first hr. Experimental diversion of the bile flow from the
      lumen of the duodenum has little effect on the relative percentage of methadone
      vs. metabolites circulating in the blood. However, bile diversion was associated
      with a 2 to 3 fold increase in the concentration of methadone and its metabolites
      in portal and peripheral blood 30 min following administration. Eighty to 90% of
      the 14C in the portal blood is present as methadone and 60 to 70% of the 14C in
      peripheral blood is methadone while less than 10% of the radioactive materials in
      the bile is methadone. The amount of metabolite No. 1, metabolite No. 2 and water
      soluble metabolites vary with over 60% of the radioactive compounds in
      recirculated bile in the form of water soluble materials.

PMID- 962440
TI  - [The influence on heart conduction time and refractory period of in vitro and in
      vivo prostaglandins].
AB  - The effects of PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2alpha on conduction time and functional
      refractory period in the isolated rabbit atrium and in the cat heart in vivo were
      investigated. In the isolated rabbit atrium the PGs (10(-8)--10(-5) g/ml) were
      without any effect in this respect. In contrast there was a dose-dependent
      decrease of conduction time and prolongation of functional refractory period in
      the cat heart in vivo following PG-infusions (2,0--8,0 mug/kg/min i.v. over a
      period of 5 min). These findings indicate the absence of a direct quinidine-like
      membrane action of PGs in the heart. The indirect, depressive effects of PGs on
      conduction time and functional refractory period in the heart in vivo, should be
      considered responsible for the antiarrhythmic action of PGs.

PMID- 962441
TI  - Actions of suloctidil and of the Ca-antagonist cinnarizine of the rat aorta.

PMID- 962442
TI  - Acetylcholine inhibits potassium evoked release of 3H-norepinephrine in different
      blood vessels of the dog.

PMID- 962443
TI  - Hypertension and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 235 patients at the National Institutes of Health who
      met at least five criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) indicated that
      45% were hypertensive. Approximately two thirds of these hypertensive patients
      had creatinine clearances of more than 60 ml/min and nonnephrotic range
      proteinuria. Only 16% of normotensive patients had creatinine clearances of less
      than 60 ml/m9n. A subgroup of 36 patients with SLE and with biopsy-proved diffuse
      renal disease were studied. For these patients, the presence of hypertension
      could not be correlated with the degree of proteinuria or hematuria, with the
      level of serum complement, or with the presence of casts, focal necrosis,
      crescent formation, or interstitial inflammation. Hypertensive patients had a
      median age of 24.5 years; the majority had creatinine clearances of more than 60
      ml/min. In SLE, hypertension is not necessarily associated with advanced renal
      disease, and high blood pressure may occur relatively early in the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 962444
TI  - Secondary pituitary insufficiency: report of three cases of ectopia or
      hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland.
AB  - Three patients with clinical and laboratory manifestations suggestive of
      pituitary insufficiency due to the presence of a pituitary tumor were found to
      have long-standing myxedema. The insidious appearance of the signs of
      hypothyroidism was explained by the cause of their disease--an ectopic thyroid
      gland in two patients and hemiagenesis of the thyroid in the third. Early
      recognition and treatment of such cases is important.

PMID- 962445
TI  - Hemolysis caused by factor VIII concentrates.
AB  - Immune hemolytic anemia is a recognized complication of the use of factor VIII
      concentrates. Hemolysis is obscured often by the presence of active bleeding.
      Where hemolysis has been demonstrated, red blood cell (RBC) destruction has been
      attributed to anti-A antibodies found in the transfused material. We present two
      episodes of hemolysis associated with the use of factor VIII concentrate. In the
      first, a high titer of "immune" anti-A (1:256) was present in the factor VIII. In
      the second, the patient's RBCs were group B, and the hemolysis was caused by anti
      B antibody in the factor VIII concentrate. In addition, the antibody titer in the
      material that was received was much lower than previously described. The RBC
      destruction presumably occurred because of the massive dosage of factor VIII
      concentrate administered on order to overcome a factor VIII inhibitor.

PMID- 962446
TI  - Oral-contraceptive-induced hypertension after adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy.
AB  - The cause of oral-contraceptive-induced hypertension in certain susceptible
      subjects is obscure. We describe a woman who was receiving replacement doses of
      fludrocortisone acetate after adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy who developed high
      blood pressure while ingesting an estrogen-containing oral contraceptive. Renin
      substrate level was increased, but renin activity was suppressed and unresponsive
      to tilting. The patient developed a markedly exaggerated natriuresis when infused
      with saline. Both blood pressure and her responses to infused sodium and tilting
      normalized after discontinuance of the oral contraceptive medication. In this
      adrenalectomized patient, the estrogenic component of the pill acting
      synergistically with a fixed ("nonsuppressible") replacement dose of
      mineralocorticoid seems to have caused a volume-related hypertension.

PMID- 962447
TI  - Chiasmal syndrome due to intrasellar abscess.
AB  - A 43-year-old woman had diabetes insipidus and amenorrhea. There was
      panhypopituitarism on endocrine testing and visual field examination showed
      inexorably progressive loss to bitemporal hemianopsia. All radiographic findings
      were normal, but craniotomy disclosed the cause of this chiasmal syndrome to be
      an intrasellar abscess which, on culture, grew a Gram-positive anaerobe,
      Peptococcus. Intrasellar or pituitary abscess is rare, but it must always be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of the chiasmal syndrome, since loss of
      pituitary and visual function may occur much more rapidly than with the tumors
      most often responsible for this syndrome and since surgical cure is possible.

PMID- 962448
TI  - Ascaris lumbricoides--a reminder.
AB  - A Vietnamese refugee was admitted to the hospital with signs and symptoms of an
      acute condition within the abdomen. Examination ultimately led to the
      roentgenographic diagnosis of an Ascaris lumbricoides infestation. The patient
      recovered after medical treatment with intravenous fluids and nasogastric
      suction, followed by piperazine citrate administration. This ubiquitous parasite
      has the potential for causing many serious abdominal complications. An awareness
      of this disease is particularly timely, in view of the recent influx of nearly
      150,000 Indo-Chinese into North America.

PMID- 962449
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis with complete heart block.
AB  - A patient with complete heart block due to ankylosing spondylitis exhibited an
      unusually brisk increase in ventricular rate with exercise. Despite broad
      ventricular (QRS) complexes, His bundle electrograms demonstrated a His
      deflection before each QRS complex and thus established the level of
      atrioventricular (A-V) block to be proximal to or localized to the His bundle. A
      junctional pacemaker accounted for the brisk response to exercise, atropine, or
      isoproteronol. Left bundle branch block pattern and prolongation of infranodal
      conduction time (H-Q) suggested additional disease involving the His bundle
      and/or right fascicle. Wide-spread disease affecting A-V nodal and infranodal
      conduction was compatible with pathologic changes seen in this disease. Because
      the pacemaker was able to respond to stress promptly and with appropriate
      increase in heart rate, the patient appeared not to warrant pacemaker
      implantation in his present state.

PMID- 962450
TI  - Abnormalities of urinary sediment and renal failure following sulfinpyrazone
      therapy.
AB  - A patient with recurrent thrompophlebitis had sterile pyuria with white blood
      cell casts and transient, mild renal failure during therapy with sulfinpyrazone.
      These abnormalities resolved on cessation of therapy, but similar changes in the
      urinary sediment recurred during therapy with sulfinpyrazone. These abnormalities
      resolved on cessation of therapy, but similar changes in the urinary sediment
      recurred during a second course of sulfinpyrazone therapy.

PMID- 962451
TI  - Letter: Heinz body hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 962452
TI  - Letter: Actinomyces--a fungus?

PMID- 962453
TI  - Letter: Estrogen and bone loss.

PMID- 962454
TI  - Editorial: A bid for BARD.

PMID- 962455
TI  - Early care of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A fixed life support station (LSS) was established in the emergency department of
      a community hospital in order to provide early care for patients with suspected
      acute myocardial infarction (MI). Prospective studies were conducted on 154
      patients with verified acute MI. Median time from onset of symptoms to
      electrocardiographic monitoring was 164 minutes. Overall hospital mortality for
      these patients was 15.6%. Of 112 patients less than 70 years old, 51 arrived
      within two hours; only three (6%) of the 51 died. Patients arriving within two
      hours of the onset of symptoms in clinical class I had an incidence of
      cardiogenic shock (CS) of 2%, while those arriving two hours or more after the
      onset of symptoms in clinical class II had an incidence of CS of 26% (P less than
      .005). A fixed LSS in a community hospital is feasible and effective for early
      care of patients with acute MI and may facilitate identification of patients at
      highest risk for development of CS.

PMID- 962456
TI  - Reversal of intractable uremic pericarditis by triamcinolone hexacetonide.
AB  - Of 74 patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis who were observed during a 21
      month period, seven developed uremic pericarditis. Five of these patients
      developed intractable pericarditis, unresponsive to intensive dialysis and
      pericardiocentesis, and were treated with prolonged pericardial drainage (16 to
      60 hours) by an indwelling polyethylene catheter and instillation of
      triamcinolone hexacetonide. Evidence of intractability was based on either the
      recurrence of cardiac tamponade after pericardiocentesis (two patients) or
      progression in the size of the pericardial effusion despite four weeks of
      intensive dialysis (three patients). These five patients recovered and
      subsequently were observed from 1 to 15 months with no evidence of recurrent
      pericarditis. This procedure may be an effective alternative to the surgical
      management of intractable uremic pericarditis, particularly in the patient at
      high risk for anesthesia and major surgery.

PMID- 962457
TI  - Low-dosage heparin in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Two patients developed acute renal failure; creatinine clearances fell to 13 and
      34 ml/min, respectively, and one patient was oliguric. Renal biopsies in both
      patients gave results that were compatible with rapidly progressive
      glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Both patients were treated with low-dosage heparin
      sodium infusion (8,000 units/day) and prednisone for two to four weeks, followed
      by oral anticoagulant (warfarin) and antithrombotic agents (dipyridamole). In the
      two patients, creatinine clearance rose to at least 60 ml/min, and no bleeding
      complications were observed. Repeat renal biopsy specimens that were obtained
      after three to six months of treatment showed no evidence of active
      glomerulonephritis in either patient, but there was extensive scarring and
      fibrosis. Low-dosage heparin infusion may arrest and partially reverse the renal
      failure associated with RPGN in some cases, while avoiding the bleeding
      complications that are frequently observed in patients treated with larger
      dosages of heparin.

PMID- 962458
TI  - [Suicide of a woman by multiple gash, cut and stab wounds].

PMID- 962459
TI  - [Attempted murder with electric current. Criminal-technical investigation].

PMID- 962460
TI  - [Autopsy technic in forensic odontology with conservation of the external soft
      parts of the face].

PMID- 962461
TI  - [Drug deaths].
AB  - In the Federal Republic of Germany there exist no statistical datas concerning
      death related to drug dependence until now. We propose to define death in
      connexion with drug dependence as the death of a drug dependent person caused by
      direct or indirect effect of the drug used. We first report on several
      international investigations; then the results of our own investigation in 40
      cases of death in connexion with drug dependence in the district of Nordbaden are
      presented in detail. As a result it seems necessary to register drug dependent
      persons and to isolate those who are resistent to any therapy and thus represent
      a focus for further expansion of drug consuming.

PMID- 962462
TI  - [White blood stains?].
AB  - Following to bullet wounds of the upper maxillary region and of the lungs great
      quantities of blood were expectorated by the victim soiling the clothes of the
      perpetrator. (These cloth consisted of a mixture of wool and synthetic fibers
      producing a rough surface.) The suit was washed out in cold water and dried. The
      only macroscopic findings were intensively stained white to grey spots missing
      any brown or red color portion. These were identified to consist of fibrin.
      Extensive examination proved the existence of blood spots of group A.
      Experimental stains applied to the same cloth showed identical changes after
      washing out.

PMID- 962463
TI  - [X-ray identification as a supplement to dactyloscopy].

PMID- 962464
TI  - [Microspetrophotometric studies on textile-fibers].

PMID- 962465
TI  - Cysteine and S-sulfocysteine biosynthesis in phototrophic bacteria.
AB  - Forteen species (17 strains) of phototrophic bacteria as well as one strain of
      Thiobacillus denitrificans were tested for cysteine synthase and S-sulfocysteine
      synthase. All strains contain cysteine sythase active with O-acetylserine; only
      the Chromatiaceae, two species of the Rhodospirillaceae and T. denitrificans
      contain S-sulfocysteine synthase. In six species repression by different sulfur
      compounds in the medium was studied. In Chromatium vinosum, cysteine synthase was
      found to be constitutive, while in the Rhodospirillaceae tested the enzyme is
      repressed by sulfide. Thiosulfate had a derepressive effect in Rhodopseudomonas
      globiformis but strongly repressed cysteine synthase in R. sulfidophila and R.
      palustris. Cysteine had only moderate effects with the species tested.

PMID- 962466
TI  - A description of glucose uptake in Navicula pelliculosa (Breb) Hilse including a
      brief comparison with an associated Flavobacterium sp.
AB  - Navicula pelliculosa and an associated Flavobacterium sp. were isolated from the
      epiphyton of Scirpus maritimus, an emergent macrophyte growing in a brackish
      drainage dyke. Both micro-organisms possessed active transport systems for
      glucose uptake. In N. pelliculosa the transport system was fully induced in the
      dark in the absence of glucose, and subsequently inactivated when transferred to
      the light in the absence of the substrate. The presence of glucose during the
      dark induction period prevented the achievement of maximum specific activity of
      the transport system, while incubation at a high light intensity with or without
      the presence of the substrate resulted in a very marked inhibition of glucose
      uptake. Inhibition in the light was partially offset by blocking photosynthetic
      electron flow with 3'(3,4 dichlorophenyl)1'1' dimethyl urea. The transport system
      accumulated 3-O-methyl glucose against a concentration gradient and was highly
      specific for glucose as there was no competition by most of the other sugars
      tested. However, 6-deoxyglucose was taken up instead of glucose and this
      suggested that glucose was transported in a non-phosphorylated state, whereas
      inhibition of glucose transport activity with dicyclohexylcarbodimide implicated
      the involvement of an adenosine triphosphatase on the cell membrane. Inhibitors
      of oxidative phosphorylation tetrachlorosalicylaniline and carbonylcyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone also inhibited glucose transport activity. The affinity of
      the diatom for glucose was greater than that shown by the bacterium, but the Km
      for glucose transport, 1.5x10-5M was too high to allow effective removal of
      glucose at in situ concentrations.

PMID- 962467
TI  - [Kluyveromyces blattae sp. n., a new multispored yeast for Blatta orientalis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A new hitherto undescribed species of yeast of the genus Kluyveromyces has been
      isolated for the intestinal tract of the oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis).
      A description of the new species including latin diagnosis is given.

PMID- 962468
TI  - On the effect of glucono-delta-lactone on the yeast Pichia polymorpha.
AB  - Investigation has been made into the action of glucono-delta-lactone on living
      cells of Pichia polymorpha in relation to the uptake of D-(U-14C)glucose, and the
      incorporation of (2-14C) uracil and L-(U-14C) threonine into RNA and protein
      respectively. Other factors such as the action of glucono-delta-lactone on cell
      morphology and on enzymic synthesis have also been studied. The action of this
      compound on beta-glucanase has been found to take place in the hydrolytic power
      and not in the synthesis.

PMID- 962469
TI  - [Purification and characterization of peroxidase from Phellinus igniarius
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) of the basidiomycet Phellinus igniarius was derived
      from mycel and a medium containing glucose and extract of yeast by using various
      methods of preparation. The enzyme resists extreme conditions (pH, temperature
      salt concentration). Its optimum pH for activities is in the acid range. Two
      isoenzymes were found. The molecular weight, isoelectric point, Michaelis-Menten
      constant, indolacetic acid oxidase activity and spectral and analytical
      properties of this peroxidase were determined. It is assumed that the enzyme has
      an intracellular as well as an extracellular field of activity.

PMID- 962470
TI  - Some effects of light on the viability of rhodopsin-containing halobacteria.
AB  - Under starvation conditions, rhodopsin-containing halobacteria show a light
      accelerated death under aerobic conditions. This is attributed to photooxidative
      processes. Under anaerobic conditions, halobacteria die rapidly in the dark, and
      light prevents death. Since it has been shown by others that lightdriven ATP
      synthesis can occur under anaerobic conditions, it is postulated that rhodopsin
      mediated photophosphorylation is of survival value for this organism in the
      brines in which it lives, especially because the solubility of oxygen is low in
      highly saline waters and anaerobic conditions can often develop.

PMID- 962471
TI  - Mating in Chlamydomonas eugametos. A scanning electron microscopical study.
AB  - A technique has been developed by which mating gametes of Chlamydomonas eugametos
      can be studied in the Scanning Electron Microscope. A detailed description of the
      mating process, from the initial flagellar agglutination until the release of
      free vis-a-vis pairs, is presented. Flagella appear to agglutinate at random
      points on their surface. This is followed by a rapid increase of the contact area
      such that they "line-up" tip to tip. Flagella always exhibit a typical position
      prior to cell fusion. After cell fusion the flagella of a pair separate rapidly
      while the female have shortened about 33%. In a vis-a-vis pair the  plasma bridge
      has contracted. The observations are interpreted in terms of a specific
      reorganization of the sexuale aggregate.

PMID- 962472
TI  - Characteristics of ribonucleic acids isolated for Botryodiplodia theobromae
      pycnidiospores.
AB  - Nucleic acids isolated for dormant and germinated Botryodiplodia theobromae
      pycnidiospores contain five distinct species of RNA. They include two ribosomal
      species, two "ribosomal-associated" species and transfer RNAs. Sedimentation
      coefficients of 25.1S and 18S were obtained for the two ribosomal RNA species and
      5.8S and 5S for the two "ribosomal-associated" RNA components. Molecular weights
      of 1.20,0.67,0.054 and 0.035x106 daltons were obtained after formaldehyde
      treatment and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels for these same four RNAs.
      Methylated nucleotides were present in the transfer RNAs and large and small
      ribosomal RNAs; in contrast 5.8S and 5S RNAs contained few methylated
      nucleotides. In  addition to the 5 distinct RNA species, polyadenylate-containing
      RNA was isolated from both dormant and germinated spores.

PMID- 962473
TI  - Metabiolic products of microorganisms. Tirandamycin B(author's transl).
AB  - Streptomyces flaveolus, strain Tu 1240 produces besides Tirandamycin A, a
      hitherto unknown antibiotic, which is closely related to Tirandamycin A. The new
      antibiotic Tirandamycin B contains one additional hydroxylgroup. Both antibiotics
      exhibit a similar antimicrobial spectrum and they seem to have the same mechanism
      of action. According to the data obtained from mass spectrometry, 13C-and 1H-NMR
      spectra formula II could be deduced for Tirandamycin B.

PMID- 962474
TI  - [Cerebral localization of the psychic processes (historical approach)].

PMID- 962475
TI  - [Morphological bases of the evolution of the E.E.G. in man. I. Relation between
      weight of the brain and the E.E.G. frequency from the 1st 6 postnatal months
      until 9 years of age].

PMID- 962476
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of primary induction in fowl. Preliminary note
      (1.)].

PMID- 962477
TI  - [Parenteral administration of sorbitol solution and its impact on sorbitol,
      glucose, fructose and lactate concentration in the blood of cattle, sheep and
      piglets].
AB  - Significant rise of fructose in the blood plasma of cattle resulted from an
      application of sorbite solution (0.5 g sorbite per kg live weight), with its
      onset as early as during the infusion. The highest concentration was reached 15
      minutes after completion of infusion. Rise in glucose (11 mg/100 ml plasma on
      average) failed to prove statistically significant and dropped temporarily (after
      60 to 120 minutes) below the original value. The lactate level in the blood went
      up temporarily and reached its maximum 30 minutes from the end of infusion.
      Sorbite solution (1 g/kg live weight) was intravenously applied to sheep and tock
      fructose to its maximum after 30 minutes. Intraperitoneal application of sorbite
      solution (1 g/kg live weight) was tolerated well also by piglets and triggered an
      age-dependent decline of glucose in blood plasma.

PMID- 962478
TI  - [Endocrine and spermatogenic testicular function. 2. Correlations between food
      protein quality, testosterone level in testes, spermatogenesis and nuclear volume
      of interstitial cells of Leydig in the adult rat].
AB  - Male adult Wistar rats were given different food proteins through 21 days,
      including casein and four-per-cent methionine (K diet), maize gluten with amino
      acid added (M + As diet), maize gluten alone (M diet), and casein with four-per
      cent methionine mixed one to three with gelatin (K/G diet). Testicular
      testosterone levels per 100 g live weight were about 411 ng (in animals aged 130
      days) or 326 ng in animals aged 160 days) following 21 days of K or M + As
      feeding (rRP = ten per cent). Roughly 70 per cent of those values were obtained
      by M or K/G feeding. The use of 20 per cent rRP gave 342 ng in connection with M
      + As feeding or 289 ng when it accompanied M feeding (the latter figures being
      recorded from animals aged 160 days). The eight cyclic phases of the germinal
      epithelium were completely development, independent of RP quality, in all test
      animals. The nuclear volume of the interstitial cells of Leydig responded with
      highly significant variation (p less than 0.01) to diets with ten per cent rRP of
      different qualities, but no significant morphokinetic effect was recorded by
      karyometric from diets with 20 per cent rRP.

PMID- 962479
TI  - [Nutrient demand of erysipelothrix bacteria].
AB  - Studies into the nutrient demand of Erysipelothrix insidiosa led to the
      preparation of a nutritive medium with high bacterial yield which is recommended
      for quantity breeding of bacteria. The medium was complex and did not contain
      serum but the following components: peptone S, yeast extract, glucose, Na2HPO4,
      arginine, and Tween 80.

PMID- 962480
TI  - [Variations of glucose, fructose, sorbite and electrolyte concentration following
      intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of sorbite-electrolyte solution to
      cattle and sheep].
AB  - Different quantities of sorbite-electrolyte solution were intravenously
      administered to eight heads of cattle and four heads of sheep (application values
      being 50 g sorbite, 0.3049 g MgCl2-6H2O, 0.3728 g KCl, 0.5477 g CaCl2-6H2O, 5.265
      g NaCl, 6.804 g sodium acetate-3H2O with 1,000 ml distilled water). Different
      rises of sorbite, fructose, and glucose were recorded from the blood plasma.
      Certain manifestations of incompatibility and intolerance phenomena were
      observed, among them increase of cardiorespiratory activity and muscular tremor.
      Those findings were obtained primarily from animals which exhibited also strong
      rise in glucose concentration. One of the sheep died. Larger quantities of
      solution (2,000 ml or 4,000 ml) were intraperitoneally applied to ten heads of
      cattle and tolerated by them with no reaction. Sorbite in blood plasma usually
      reached its maximum two or three hours from application, however, without any
      rise of fructose or glucose. Slow drip infusion or intraperitoneal infusion are
      the techniques recommended for application of the above sorbite-electrolyte
      solution to ruminants.

PMID- 962481
TI  - [Editorial: In favor of the development of multi-center studies in
      hepatogastroenterology].

PMID- 962482
TI  - [Routine double contrast radiography for the detection of colonic polyps
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962483
TI  - [Gastroscopy with gastric biopsy in 50 patients with carcinoma of the stomach
      radiologically probable or certain (author's transl)].

PMID- 962484
TI  - [Renal tubular acidosis and alcoholic liver disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 962485
TI  - [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to a gastric gastrinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 962486
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the colon. Report of a case possibly induced by radiotherapy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962487
TI  - Mortality in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy and
      antidepressants.
AB  - The treatments of 519 depressed patients hospitalized from 1959 to 1969 were
      compared in a three-year follow-up study with particular reference to mortality.
      The electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) group had a significantly lower mortality
      than the inadequate antidepressant treatment group (P less than .05) and the
      group that received neither ECT nor antidepressants (P less than .025). Although
      the adequate antidepressant treatment group had a low mortality, statistically
      significant differences between this and other treatment groups could not be
      documented. Nonsuicidal deaths (P less than .005), and particularly myocardial
      infarctions (P less than .01), were significantly more frequent in the
      inadequately treated group compared to the adequately treated group. The
      superiority of adequate treatment is especially striking among men and among the
      older age groups. The results underscore the importance of adequate treatment of
      depression, especially in the older man.

PMID- 962488
TI  - Neuroendocrine regulation in depression. I. Limbic system-adrenocortical
      dysfunction.
AB  - The regulation of hypothalamopituitary-adrenal (HPA) function in depressed
      patients was studied by a midnight dexamethasone suppression test. By using an
      observation period of 24 hours postadministration of dexamethasone, a graded
      series of abnormal test responses was identified. Depressed patients show
      abnormal early escape from suppression rather than absolute resistance to HPA
      suppression by dexamethasone. With increasing severity of depression, this escape
      occurs progressively more early on the day after administration of dexamethasone.
      These abnormalities were strongly related to the presence of HPA hyperactivity
      before dexamethasone was given. The essential disturbance of neuroendocrine
      regulation in depression is a failure of the normal brain inhibitory influence on
      the HPA system. This disinhibition of HPA activity suggests that there is an
      abnormal limbic system drive on the HPA axis in primary depressive illness.

PMID- 962489
TI  - Neuroendocrine regulation in depression. II. Discrimination of depressed from
      nondepressed patients.
AB  - Forty-two patients with endogenomorphic depression (ED) and 42 patients with
      other psychiatric disorders received an overnight dexamethasone test of
      hypothalamopituitary-adrenal (HPA) suppressibility. Plasma and urinary cortisol
      measures showed that the ED patients had significantly greater HPA activity
      before dexamethasone and less complete HPA suppression after dexamethasone. High
      cortisol vlaues after dexamethasone correlated strongly with spontaneous HPA
      disinhibition, as indicated by high baseline midnight plasma cortisol levels.
      Criteria for defining normal suppression responses were developed. All patients
      with depressive neuroses and most patients with other nondepressive disorders had
      completely normal responses to dexamethasone. About half of the ED patients had
      abnormal responses, whether or not they were receiving other drugs at the time of
      the test. Drug-free patients with depressive neuroses or other disorders showed
      no abnormal responses to dexamethasone. The effects of psychotropic drugs on the
      test require further study. Patients with two or more abnormal cortisol values
      after administration of dexamethasone were identified correctly as ED at
      confidence levels close to 100%. The dexamethasone suppression test may be of
      value as a laboratory aid in the diagnosis of "endogenous" depression.

PMID- 962490
TI  - Incidence and signficiance of mixed affective states in a bipolar population.
AB  - The simultaneous existence of manic and depressive symptoms in a manic-depressive
      patient was first described by Kraepelin. This so-called mixed state has come to
      have much theoretical significance in recent hypotheses about the nature of
      bipolar affective disorders. In this investigation a mixed state is shown to be
      the initial episode in 31% of 84 manic-depressive outpatients. Moreover, the
      presence of "mixed" features does not correlate with severity of illness or mood
      circularity, but does correlate with sedative abuse and poor response to
      psychopharmacologic treatment. These results suggest that the "continuum
      hypothesis" and its satellite theories represent viable conceptualizations of the
      nature of manic-depressive illness.

PMID- 962491
TI  - Hopelessness, depression, and suicide intent.
AB  - One hundred fifty-four suicide attempters, threateners, and psychiatric controls
      were rated on suicide intent scales and given tests to assess hopelessness,
      depression and self-rated suicide risk. Ninety-four subjects were retested one
      month later. Both hopelessness and depression were significantly greater in
      suicidal subjects. In threatenets, hopelessness and depression scores differed
      significantly between high and low suicide intent subjects. In attempters ranked
      by suicide intent at time of testing, more and less suicidal subjects differed
      significantly in hopelessness and depression scores. Both depression and
      hopelessness were sensitive to changes in suicide risk during the one-month
      follow-up. In all analyses, hopelessness correlated more highly with suicide
      intent than did depression. The data were regarded as supporting the hypothesis
      that hopelessness is more closely related to suicide intent than is depression.

PMID- 962492
TI  - Emergence of myasthenia gravis during treatment with lithium carbonate.
AB  - In a patient with recurrent episodes of severe mania, classical manifestations of
      myasthenia gravis developed for the first time during treatment with lithium
      carbonate. Four episodes were recorded in which the appearance of progressive
      weakness coincided with subacute or long-term lithium carbonate administration
      during periods of psychiatric remission. In each instance, neurologic symptoms
      were ameliorated or disappeared shortly after the drug was discontinued or its
      dosage was reduced. There was no evidence of lithium carbonate toxicity or
      electrolyte disturbances at any time during treatment. Based on a literature
      review of animal studies and related clinical reports, a mechanism of
      peripherally mediated neuromuscular cholinergic insufficiency is proposed. In
      addition, the differential diagnosis of muscle weakness during lithium carbonate
      administration is discussed.

PMID- 962493
TI  - Correlation between plasma and cerebrospinal levels of imipramine.
AB  - This study measured the levels of imipramine hydrochloride and desipramine
      hydrochloride (desmethylimipramine) in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      in 11 depressed patients. The oral doses correlated significantly with the plasma
      levels irrespective of different diagnostic categories. The CSF levels varied
      significantly. In the endogenous depressive group the CSF levels were
      significantly higher in responders as compared to nonresponders. The CSF levels
      of the nonresponders in the endogenous depressive group, and of both responders
      and nonresponders in the schizo-affective groups, were similar.

PMID- 962494
TI  - Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report.
AB  - Current emphasis on early case finding, outpatient care, and on longitudinal
      studies of asymptomatic patients has focused attention on the community
      adjustment of psychiatric patients. Thus, simple and inexpensive methods such as
      self-report scales, which allow the routine assessment of patient adjustment, are
      potentially useful. The derivation and testing of such a method, the Social
      Adjustment Scale Self-Report, is described. This scale covers the patient's role
      performance, interpersonal relationships, friction, feelings and satisfaction in
      work, and social and leisure activities with the extended family, as a spouse,
      parent, and member of a family unit. Self-report results based on 76 depressed
      outpatients were comparable to those obtained from relatives as well as by a
      rater who interviewed the patient directly.

PMID- 962495
TI  - Personality patterns in insomnia. Theoretical implications.
AB  - Subjects with a primary complaint of insomnia (N = 124) were evaluated with
      Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPIs). A high percentage of
      subjects (85%) had one or more MMPI scales elevated to a pathological degree. The
      scales most elevated were, in order. 2 (depression), 7 (psychasthenia), and 3
      (conversion hysteria). A striking finding was the preponderance of depression.
      This was indicated by the frequency in which scale 2 was elevated above 70, the
      frequency in which this this scale had the highest elevation, and the frequency
      of MMPI code types that included scale 2. Four common MMPI code types
      representing various types of depression were noted, indicating considerable
      homogeneity for code types in this sample. The predominant personality styles in
      this sample were characterized by the internalization of psychological
      distrubances rather than by acting out or aggression. We propose that this
      internalization produces a state of constant emotional arousal and resultant
      physiological activation and that this process is a psychophysiological mechansim
      underlyling insomnia.

PMID- 962496
TI  - The pro-heroin effects of anti-opium laws in Asia.
AB  - Over 25 years anti-opium laws were enacted by three Asian governments in
      countries where opium use was traditional. Within months, heroin use suddenly
      appeared; and within a decade, heroin addiction surpassed opium addiction. The
      laws led to (1) increased price of narcotic drugs, (2) a heroin "industry," (3)
      corruption of the law enforcement system, and (4) major health problems involving
      parenteral drug use. The Asian experience indicates that antinarcotic laws can be
      effective only with careful preparations: (1) changing society's attitude toward
      the traditional drug from ambivalence to opposition; (2) mobilizing resources to
      treat and rehabilitate all addicts within a short period of time; (3) developing
      the social will to incarcerate all "recidivist" addicts for a prolonged period;
      and (4) preventing narcotic production or importation.

PMID- 962497
TI  - [On epidemiology of gastric cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - 257 stomach cancer patients and 766 controls were interviewed using a
      standardized questionnaire for 35 variables. The two groups were compared by
      multivariate variance analysis. This analysis results in a combination of 20
      variables significantly connected with gastric cancer. The rankorder of the most
      prominent variables is as follows: no food intolerance, higher alcohol
      consumption, living place near Berlin, occupation labourer, early loss of teeth,
      car driving, no gallstones, smoking and age. It can be assumed that these
      variables are of aetiological importance. In the aetiology of gastric cancer,
      exogenous cancerogens seem to play a more important role than endogenous factors.
      In two further multivariate variance analysis, control group is divided into
      persons with and persons without chronic gastritis verified by blind gastric
      biopsy and compared with gastric cancer patients, too. A fourth analysis is
      limited to female only. The results of the three last mentioned analysis are
      similar to those of the first one and also similar to results from other
      countries based on univariate analysis. The computed combination of variables was
      used for diagnosis of gastric cancer by discriminance analysis in the persons
      forming the material for this study. This diagnosis was correct in 71% of gastric
      cancer patients and in 72% of control persons.

PMID- 962498
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms of the stomach in Berlin, capital of the G.D.R. - An
      analysis of the state of diagnosis and treatment].
AB  - In Berlin, capital of the German Democratic Republic, 7,386 new cases of gastric
      cancer (ICD 151) were registered in the period from 1955 to 1969 and in year
      1973. 52 percent of patients were male. Percentage of cases 75 years old and
      more, increased from 21% (1955-1959) to 36% (1965-1969). There were only slight
      changes in incidence. About 30% of cases were in the operable stages I and II.
      With rising age, the proportion of the advanced stages III and IV increases. No
      real progress as made in early diagnosis of stomach cancer as measured by stage
      distribution during observation period. Patient's delay from first symptom to
      first visit was shorter than one month in 40%, physician's delay from first visit
      to correct diagnosis was shorter than one month in 54%. 15% of patients were
      treated within one month after first symptom and 47% within three months. There
      was no correlation between duration of history and percentage of early stages.
      When observation periods 1955 to 1959, 1960-1964, 1965-1969 and 1973 are
      compared, we find an increase in old patients (75+ years), a decrease of
      localized stages I + II, and a decrease in resection rate. Therefore, a decrease
      in survival rates is to be expected. Crude 5-year survival rate was 6.4% (1955
      1959) and 6.2% (1960-1964). When we compare data from Berlin with observations in
      the Region of Erfurt and in Birmingham Region, the situation of detection and
      treatment of stomach cancer in Berlin seems to be somewhat better. Finally, some
      suggestions for the improvement of control of stomach cancer are made.

PMID- 962499
TI  - [A model for the valuation of mass attendance and attendance duration of patients
      with malignant neoplasms (author's transpl)].
AB  - By means of a combination of two methods known in demography - life table and
      estimates for intercensal years - probabilities of prevalence of cancer patients
      and duration of disease from onset to death are calculated. Starting-points are
      the incidence know by cancerregistration and death certificates. The results of
      the model are compared with the results of a special point prevalence counting.
      Both methods gave about the same results.

PMID- 962500
TI  - [Investigations for using cell- and organ culture in sensibility tests for
      cytostatics in human ovarial-carcinomas (author's transl)].
AB  - Comparison was proved from meaning of cell culture and organ culture in
      therapeutic sensibility tests for cytostatics in ten human ovarial-carcinomas.
      The sensibility for cytostatics was determined with morphological criteria in
      cell culture and with the activity-patterns of some enzymes (lactate
      dehydrogenase, NADH-diahorase) in organ culture. In these investigations the
      tumors have shown approximate conformity in the state to cytostatic-sensibility
      as seen with the two different methods. It seems to be possible, according to
      these investigations, to use enzyme-histochemical parameters from organ culture
      for inquiry of cytostatic-sensibility of tumors.

PMID- 962501
TI  - [Testing of bronchial carcinoma for sensitivity against cytostatics in tissue
      culture (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on determinations of sensitivity against cytostatics of tumour cell
      cultures from 70 bronchial carcinomas and 5 neoplastic effusions. The take rate
      was 56%. Most tumors tested were in vitro sensible against vinblastin and
      cyclophosphamid and resistant (moderately or completely) against 5-fluoro-uracil
      and Methotrexat.

PMID- 962502
TI  - [Contribution to stability test of daunoblastin solutions (author's transl)].
AB  - It is known that drugs are not unlimitedly stable. Dilutions of the
      antineoplastic agent daunoblastin used in the clinic and experimental work, were
      examined, whether they could be stored for several days. By means of
      impulscytophotometry, spectral-photometric measurements, counting of surviving
      cells and estimation of DNA-synthesis after culturing pieces of tissue in the
      presence of daunoblastin it could be established that this drug, diluted even
      four days ago, still possesses sufficient activity.

PMID- 962503
TI  - [Studies for a mathematical model of the proliferation kinetics of mammary
      carcinomas by means of electronic data processing (author's transl)].
AB  - Continuing an earlier publication in which the growth of spontaneous mammary
      carcinomas in female mice of a C3H inbred strain was described, in the present
      paper the growth rate is expressed by a mathematical function, and is adapted by
      electronic data processing to the experimental values of 60 tumors classified
      into seven "growth types". For mathematical description the tumors were
      conveniently assumed to have a spherical shape, and the main reason  for the
      reduction in volume increase with increasing tumor size was thought to be
      insufficient supply with oxygen and the essential nutrients S. Including the
      experimental data of all carcinomas investigated, the minimum concentration of S
      necessary for mitotic activity of the tumor cells was calculated to be 65% of the
      normal level. As the average for all the tumors investigated, a time of at least
      33 hrs is required for the tumor volume to double.

PMID- 962504
TI  - Diagnostic value of chromosome examination in effusions from cancer patients.
AB  - Fifty nine effusions (6 from patients with benign diseases and 53 from cancer
      patients) were examined cytologically and cytogenetically. Only diploid cells
      were observed in the benign effusions. The majority of malignant effusions had
      chromosomal changes, but in three cases where cytologic examination had revealed
      the presence of malignant cells, only diploid metaphases were found. No false
      positive diagnoses were made either by the cytologic or by the cytogenetic
      technique. The concomitant use of cytologic and cytogenetic examinations has
      substantially improved the correctness of the diagnosis. If by cytologic
      examination 43 of the 53 effusions from cancer patients were diagnosed as
      positive, 4 as suspicious and 6 as negative, the combined results of the
      cytologic and cytogenetic examination can be summarized in 49 positive, 1
      suspicious and 3 negative cases. The implications of these data for the medical
      practice are briefly discussed.

PMID- 962505
TI  - [In vitro testing and clinical experience with 5-fluorouracil in gynaecologic
      cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - 201 pretherapeutic tests for sensitivity of gynaecologic cancers against 5
      fluorouracil were performed. Only 8.5% of cases proved to be sensitive in tissue
      culture. Clinical results with 5-FU monotherapy were unsatisfactory. 5-FU should
      only be used very critically in gynaecologic neoplasims. The value of predictive
      tests for sensitivity against cytostatics in planning individualized selective
      chemotherapy is emphasized.

PMID- 962506
TI  - [Substances with carcinogenic activity (second edition) (author's transl)].
AB  - A list of substances with carcinogenic activity is presented as a 2nd
      supplemented edition. The list includes synonyma and test routes of the
      substances and should be looked as information material for employers and
      managers in various fields of industry, agriculture etc., hygiene and
      occupational and health service. The list is available as a paper-back (265
      pages).

PMID- 962507
TI  - [Sarcomas in syrian hamster, induced by an oncorna virus and cellfree
      transmissible (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. Application of hamster papova virus to newborns of Syrian hamster has produced
      some s.c. sarcomas after a 5 to 6 month latency period, by virtue of the strong
      inducer effect of this papova virus to endogenous (latent) oncorna viruses. 2.
      Cellfree filtrates from a polymorphorus-cell sarcoma produced in this way, when
      applied to newborn hamsters of the spontaneously tumour-free hamster line HaP,
      again lead to sarcoma formation after a latency period of 3--8 months in about
      20% of the animals; the same holds for cellfree filtrates of these cellfree
      induced sarcomas and their transplantation generations. 3. In these tumours C
      type oncorna viruses, but no papova virus, could be demonstrated regularly. 4.
      The hamster specificity of this sarcoma virus is suggested by the complete
      absence of a tumorigenic effect of the cellfree filtrates from these hamster
      sarcomas in mice and rats. The preferential induction of hamster sarcomas by
      sarcoma filtrates, in conjunction with the fact that filtrates from hamster
      leukoses, indicates a certain difference between hamster leukemia and hamster
      sarcoma viruses.

PMID- 962508
TI  - [Mesothelioma in syrian hamster. V. Macroscopic and histologic investigation of
      transplanted mesothelioma in solid and ascitic form (author's transl)].
AB  - Transplantable mesothelioma lines are described, which have been inoculated
      successively either s.c. or i.p. in solid and ascitic form. Increases of the
      degree of malignancy could be demonstrated for macroscopically biological
      parameters. The latent periods became shorter with increasing in vivo passages.
      In the histological picture, progressive dedifferentiation of the tumour cells
      with rising tendency towards infiltrative growth was observed.

PMID- 962509
TI  - Ferritin as a surface marker for immunoscanning electron microscopy. observation
      of individual ferritin particles on erythrocytes.
AB  - This paper comprises a part of our study to examine whether ferritin can be used
      as an immunological surface marker for high resolution scanning electron
      microscopy. In the first part of the study individual ferritin particles in a
      sample of purified ferritin were demonstrated as spheres with a diameter of about
      170 A by use of fixation by glutaraldehyde and thin coating by ion sputtering. In
      the second part of this study, ferritin particles as indicating the antigen sites
      of blood group A were also recognized on the erythrocytes by the same techniques
      as in the first part. Ferritin deposition differed in amount among the
      erythrocytes, but without regard to the shape of the cells. On the individual
      erythrocytes, heavier depositions tended to occur in the concavity of the cell.
      In conclusion, ferritin is useful as a surface marker in immunoscanning electron
      microscopy. It has the benefit, in comparison with the other markers hitherto
      reported, of allowing us to observe the fine features of the cell surface under
      immunological reaction.

PMID- 962510
TI  - Possible function of human brown adipose tissue as suggested by observation on
      perirenal brown fats from necropsy cases of variable age groups.
AB  - In 134 out of 180 perirenal fat samples (74%) derived from Japanese necropsy
      cases aged from 1 month to 86 years, the brown fat tissue persisted in variable
      amounts. Brown fat cells were classified into 6 types: Type 1 cells are fat
      depleted cells filled with granular cytoplasm and are believed to be produced
      after oxidation of fat for heat production. Type 2 cells are small-locular cells
      suitable for rapid oxidation of fat droplets. Type 3 (middle-locular) and 4
      (large-locular) represent fat-storage cells containing large amounts of fat. Type
      5 cells are thought to be transitional forms between multilocular brown fat cells
      and monolocular white fat cells. Type 6 (cytoplasm-rich multilocular) cells,
      usually found together with Type 1 cells, are thought to be fat-depleting or 
      consuming cells, since in them fat droplets are reduced in number and size
      probably in consequence of oxidation of fat, but by contrast granular cytoplasm
      is increased in amount separating the individual fat droplets by thick
      cytoplasmic septa. The occurrence of Types 1 and/or 6 cells that has been
      revealed in 65 out of the total 180 samples (36%), suggests that the oxidation of
      fat for the thermogenesis proceeds in the brown fat tissue and that brown fat
      cells partially undergo fat depletion. In the present study, the thermogenesis of
      human brown fat tissue was suggested chiefly with regard to the occurrence of
      Types 1 and/or 6 cells. In the majority of perirenal fat samples from infants (1
      11 months) relatively numerous Types 1 and 6 cells were frequently revealed
      together with Type 2 cells, suggesting rapid and active heat production in
      support of the view that in human infants the brown fat tissue may be
      thermogenetically active to maintain body temperature. In the same manner, marked
      ability to produce a considerable amount of heat was evidenced in  brown fat
      tissue of children and teenagers. In younger and elderly adults the frequency of
      occurrence and the amount of the perirenal brown fat tissue were decreased but
      Types 1 and/or 6 cells could be found in 17-40% of them, infrequently together,
      with Type 2 cells, suggesting persistence of the thermogenic activity with
      occasional large heat production especially in younger adults (20-39 years).
      Thus, the results obtained in this study have clarified that the human brown fat
      tissue can respond to stimuli given to the body by oxidation of stored fat even
      in the latest decades of life. In cases of death from burning, drowning,
      bleeding, drug poisoning etc., numerous Types 1 and/or 6 cells were found,
      suggesting that an active fat oxidation would take place in brown fat tissue
      assumedly as the result of the raised noradrenalin level in this tissue. The so
      called small cytoplasmic cells found in perirenal fats from cases of death from
      liver cirrhosis and other causes were assumed to be atrophic fat-depleted brown
      fat cells.

PMID- 962511
TI  - Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on the remodelling of the tracheal
      cartilage.
AB  - Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on the remodelling of the rat tracheal
      cartilage have been carried out. The thickness of the tracheal cartilage was
      constant, during the observation periods (1 to 54 days after birth). The external
      perichondrium of the tracheal cartilage consisted of active fibroblasts and
      intercellular fibrils. The inner part of this perichondrium was a chondrogenic
      layer, where appositional growth was taking place. On the other hand, the
      internal perichondrium contained fibroblast-like cells, which were nearly twice
      as large as the external perichondrial fibroblasts in size and were arranged in
      three or four layers. The cells had well developed organella and large vacuoles
      which contained numerous fragments of  fibrils and/or glycosaminoglycan. Many
      cytoplasmic processes protruded to the cartilage matrix, where the intercellular
      fibrils were particularly irregular in arrangement. Some vacuoles included
      collagen fibrils. Based on an intense acid phosphatase activity in these vacuoles
      and other findings, the fibrils were thought to be phagocytosed collagen of the
      cartilage matrix. An extensive alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated on
      the plasma membrane of fibroblasts and chondroblasts in the external
      perichondrium. The present investigation revealed distinct functional difference
      between the external and internal perichondrium of the tracheal cartilage. It is
      resorbed at the internal perichondrium, while it appositionally grows at the
      external perichondrium. The fibroblast-like cells of the internal perichondrium
      play an essential role in resorption of the matrix in cartilage remodelling.

PMID- 962512
TI  - A versatile method for purification of diphtheria toxoid for immunization
      purposes.
AB  - Diphtheriae growth supernatant.  The toxoid was quantitatively recovered from the
      immunosorbent in two fractions: the first in 0.005 M hydochloric acid and the
      second in 6' M urea containing 0.1 M HCL.  Both fractions were soluble in aqueous
      solvents, and both had a similar specific activity:  between 200 and 250 Lf/mg
      protein, and about 1.5 protective unit (ED50) per l Lf unit, as assayed in guinea
      pigs. Using the same procedure, the specific activity of a commerical toxoid
      preparation, purified and concentrated, was increrased two fold, from 130 Lf/mg
      to 260 Lf/mg protein.

PMID- 962513
TI  - Application of the leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test in clinical
      management of diseases of the respiratory system.
AB  - Results of the leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test using RT23 tuberculin
      were compared with the skin reaction of tuberculin (OT), intensity of bacillary
      excretion and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. LMI tests were made at the
      beginning and toward the end of the courses of antituberculosis treatment. In
      patients suffering from sarcoidosis (BBS), the LMI test was performed using
      Kveim's antigen and RT23 tuberculin.

PMID- 962514
TI  - Colony forming units (CFU) in bone marrow associated with heterotopic bone
      formation by epithelial cells grafted in mice.
AB  - The presence of bone marrow accompanying heterotopic bone induction in mice did
      not increase the number of endogenous spleen colonies. However, such bone marrow,
      as judged by the ability to form exogenous spleen colonies, contains colony
      forming cells (CFC). No significant difference was found between the
      concentration of CFC in the induced and in the femoral bone marrow. This
      indicates a qualitative similarity between these two types of bone marrow inasfar
      as hemopoietic activity is concerned.

PMID- 962515
TI  - Immunoglobinuria in the acute phase of viral hepatitis in children and the
      influence of HBAg antigen.
AB  - Urinary excretion of immunoglobulins of the A, G and M classes was studied in 14
      children suffering from viral hepatitis without HBAg antigenemia, and in 12
      children with viral hepatitis accompanied by HBAg antigenemia. The control group
      consisted of 11 healthy children. Over fourfold increase in excretion of IgA, and
      only twofold increase in IgG were observed. The difference in excretion of A and
      G immunoglobulins, despite their similar molecular weight, was attributed to
      increased active excretion of IgA by the kidneys, probably due to stimulation by
      the virusemia. In no case were immunoglobulins of the M class encountered in the
      urine.

PMID- 962516
TI  - GPT polymorphism in the Polish population.
AB  - In a sample of the Polish population numbering 703 subjects, three GPT types were
      encountered with the following frequencies: GPT1-1 0.265, GPT 2-1 0,509 and GPT 2
      20.226. Frequencies of GPT1 and GPT2 genes were 0.519 and 0.481 respectively.
      Distribution of types in 217 mother-child pairs and in 12 families with 36
      children was consistent with the hypothesis that the GPT system is dependent on a
      pair of codominant alleles and confirms that the GPT 1-1 and GPT 2-2 types are
      homozygotes, and GPT 2-1 is a heterozygote.

PMID- 962517
TI  - Frequency of occurrence of the Gm(21) factor in the Polish population.
AB  - In a sample of the Polish population of 610 subjects, frequency of the Gm(21)
      factor was determined and compared with the frequency of Gm(1). The Gm(21) factor
      was found with a frequency of 0.359, and Gm(1) with 0.370. Both factors were
      present in 35.7% of sera examined. Factor Gm(1) alone, unaccompanied by Gm(21),
      was encountered in 8 sera, and factor Gm(21) without Gm(1) only in one serum.

PMID- 962518
TI  - Activity of cobalt-activated acylase and Australia antigen (HBAg) in children
      suffering from viral hepatitis.
AB  - Activity of Coiactivated acylase in the serum was investigated in 120 children
      aged 3 months to 15 years, divided into five age groups, suffering from viral
      hepatitis (VH). No differences were found in the mean values of acylase activity
      between the ages of 3 months and 6 years, and progressively rising values in
      older age groups. Statistical analysis showed significance of the difference
      between the youngest age group and the group of children aged 12-15 years. A
      study of the dynamics of acylase activity in the course of the disease in 20
      children showed rapidly declining values of this enzyme activity. Presence of
      HBAg in the serum was demonstrated in 12 children, in whom levels of acylase
      activity in the serum were similar to those in children without HB antigenemia,
      but the small number of cases examined does not permit conclusions. Acylase
      activity increases with age. This enzyme activity was observed in the serum of
      96%, and HBAg in 10% of the examined children.

PMID- 962519
TI  - [Synthesis and configuration of chiral 5-dialkylated N-methyl-barbiturates
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962520
TI  - [1,7-Cyclisation of 1-Acetoacetyl-indoles (author's transl)].

PMID- 962521
TI  - [Structure of a third bisabololoxide from Matricaria chamomilla L (AUTHOR'S
      TRANSL)].

PMID- 962522
TI  - [The structure of "N-methylnicoton" (author's transl)].

PMID- 962523
TI  - [Synthesis and structure of substituted N-benzylpiperidone carboxylates].

PMID- 962524
TI  - [Photolysis of 4-amino-, 4-alkoxy- and 4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3
      pyrazolin-5-ones (author's transl)].

PMID- 962525
TI  - [Ringalkylated and isomeric nicethamide derivatives (author's transl)].

PMID- 962526
TI  - [N-Aryl-derivatives of 3-substituted anthranilic acids (author's transl)].

PMID- 962527
TI  - [The mechanism of synthesis of sterically hindered benzhydryl aminoethers].

PMID- 962528
TI  - [Synthesis and biological effect of enantiomeric 3-acetoxyquinuclidines].

PMID- 962529
TI  - [Influence of viscosity of the solvent on the dissolution rate (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 962530
TI  - [Thiocyanato-chrom(III)-complexes with nicotine and the analytical determination
      of this alkaloid (author's transl)].

PMID- 962531
TI  - [Interaction of ring substituted benzylamines with lecithin (author's transl)].

PMID- 962532
TI  - [A new identification reaction for glutethimide].

PMID- 962533
TI  - [Nucleophile substitution in the course of the Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement.
      3. Substitution of the methoxy group in the 2' position].

PMID- 962534
TI  - [Sulphur containing heterocycles from benzothienylethylamine (author's transl)].

PMID- 962535
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacological test of N-(3'-methoxy-benzamidomethyl)-D
      norephedrine and Analogous Compounds (author's transl)].

PMID- 962536
TI  - [Synthesis of quinolino(4,5:b,c)(1,5)benzodiazepine derivatives].

PMID- 962537
TI  - [Photosynthesis of 5-phenyl-5,10-dihydro-dibenzo(b, e)(1,4)-diazepin-11-one from
      1.2-diphenyl-indazolone (author's transl)].

PMID- 962538
TI  - [Analgesic activity of some reduced Mannich-bases of the monoacyl-biphenyl series
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962539
TI  - [The reaction of griseofulvin with potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962540
TI  - [Adamantane derivatives of benzotriazole (author's transl)].

PMID- 962541
TI  - [The components of Arnica species. IX. Two sesquiterpene lactones from the
      flowers of Arnica longifolia].

PMID- 962542
TI  - [Cyclisation of phthaladehyde with acetophenones (author's transl)].

PMID- 962543
TI  - [Determination of enantiomeric purity of phenyl alkyl carbinols by means of
      chiral lanthanide shift reagents (author's transl)].

PMID- 962544
TI  - [Synthesis and evaluation of 4-(2'-acyloxy-ethoxy)-acetophenone-guanylhydrazones
      with cardiac activity (author's transl)].

PMID- 962545
TI  - [Enol acetates from 2-benzoyl-l-indanones (author's transl)].

PMID- 962546
TI  - [Oxidative degradation of the N-methylnicotones (author's transl)].

PMID- 962547
TI  - [3-Aryl-2,2,4-trisethoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidones-5, by Michael addition (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 962548
TI  - [Imidazoles from iminoesters and alpha-amino- or alpha-acylaminoketones and
      liquid ammonia (author's transl)].

PMID- 962549
TI  - [A new synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted 6-pyridones (author's transl)].

PMID- 962550
TI  - [Reactions of tartaric acid with resorcinol (author's transl)].

PMID- 962551
TI  - [The reaction of 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxypropionic acids with N
      monosubstituted hydroxylammonium chlorides and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide].

PMID- 962552
TI  - [Imidazole syntheses. 8. N-Substituted imidazoles according to Weidenhagen].

PMID- 962553
TI  - [Octahydro-bispyridinium-4-pyrono chloride].

PMID- 962554
TI  - [The aminolysis of beta-phenylglycide esters. 3. Chemical structure proof].

PMID- 962555
TI  - [Detection of benzodiazepines with the colour reaction by Sawicki and Johnson
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962556
TI  - [Homologous, vinylogous, and ring alkylated nicethamide analogs (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 962557
TI  - [Nortropane-3beta-acetic acid, tropaquinuclidine and dehydrotropaquinuclidine
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962558
TI  - [Substances first isolated from the essential oils of two artemisia-species, 1.
      Spathulenol, an azulenogenic C15-alcohol (author's title)].

PMID- 962559
TI  - [A further product from intermolecular reactions during the photolysis of
      phenazone (author's transl)].

PMID- 962560
TI  - [Dehydrogenation of N-secondary cyclic aminals and acylaminals].

PMID- 962561
TI  - [A theoretical study of structure-activity-relationship in a series of
      benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides with antihypertensive activity (author's transl)].

PMID- 962562
TI  - [Synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-ketones (author's transl)].

PMID- 962563
TI  - [A new synthesis for arborine and structurally analogous 4(1H)-quinazolinones.
      1].

PMID- 962564
TI  - [Synthesis and configurational assignment of 1-(9'-fluorenyl)-ethylamine
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962565
TI  - [N-(3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrophthalyl)glutamic acid imide].

PMID- 962566
TI  - [The reaction of diazepam with 1,3-dinitrobenzene].

PMID- 962567
TI  - [4'-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminoethyl)flavone].

PMID- 962568
TI  - Electromyographic temporal analysis of gait: normal human locomotion.
AB  - The telemetered electromyographic (EMG) activity of pretibial muscles (tibialis
      anterior), triceps surae (lateral gastrocnemius), medial hamstring group and
      quadriceps (vastus lateralis) of 20 normal subjects was examined during
      locomotion. The ages of the subjects ranged from 8 to 72 years (mean, 37 years).
      A microswitch shoe was used to correlate the EMG activity with eight specific
      components of the gait cycle. Tibialis anterior showed two peaks of activity, the
      first at the swing-stance transition, the second at the stance-swing transition.
      Gastrocnemius showed a single peak of activity recorded during push-off. The
      medial hamstring showed its greatest activity during deceleration in the swing
      phase. Vastus lateralis demonstrated peak activity at the transition from swing
      to stance. The mean cadence was 106 steps per minute. Swing phase occupied 39.6%
      and stance phase 60.4% of the gait cycle.

PMID- 962569
TI  - Electromyographic temporal analysis of gait: hemiplegic locomotion.
AB  - The telemetered electromyographic (EMG)  activity of quadriceps, hamstrings,
      triceps surae and pretibial muscles on the affected side of 20 adult hemiplegic
      subjects was examined during locomotion. The subjects ranged in age from 29 to 68
      years (mean, 52.1). Duration of the lesions ranged from 1 month to 8 years: in 
      11 subjects the duration of the lesions ranged from 1 to 9 months (mean, 4.9
      months), and in the remaining  9 subjects from 1 to 8 years (mean, 4 years 2
      months).  Shoes with five microswitches, two in the heel and three in the sole,
      were used to correlate the  EMG activity with eight specific components of the
      gait cycle. The results of the study showed a loss of the phasic pattern
      associated with normal locomotion. The hemiplegic subjects showed the greatest
      activity in the period of midstance. Expressed as a percentage of the total
      cycle, the mean stance time of the paretic lower limb was 67% and the mean swing
      time was 33%. The unaffected lower limb showed a stance phase of 80% and a swing
      phase of 20%.

PMID- 962570
TI  - Physical training program for rehabilitating extremely obese patients.
AB  - Performance records of 22 extremely obese adult patients undergoing physical
      rehabilitation in a multi-disciplinary program were used to devise three
      progressive training protocols to which patients can be individually assigned.
      These protocols include "fastest pace" walking and jogging and are designed to
      rehabilitate patients to a two-mile continuous walk within three, five or seven
      weeks. Specific definition of progressions in distance/work session units are
      given and criteria for assigning patients to each protocol are discussed. The
      program allows  time for psychological as well as physiological adaptation and
      improves the rehabilitative process by eliminating much of the variability and
      regression previously attributed to patient manipulation.

PMID- 962571
TI  - Restraining forces in various designs of knee ankle orthoses: their placement and
      effect on the anatomical knee joint.
AB  - A biochemical evaluation was conducted on double upright knee ankle orthoses,
      which were instrumented with strain gauge transducers to determine the magnitudes
      of the restraining forces exerted on the leg. Measurements were made on six
      commonly used designs of orthoses worn by spinal cord injured persons ambulating
      with a swing-through gait. The measurements were used to determine distribution
      of forces on the limb  as well as their effect on anatomical knee shear. Based on
      the experimental data, the following basic principles of optimal orthosis design
      were identified: The forces required to stabilize the knee should be minimized by
      applying the stabilizing force as close as possible to the knee center, and by
      maintaining the anatomical knee as straight as possible. When the major portion
      of the knee stabilizing force is applied below the knee, the shear on the
      anatomical knee structures is markedly reduced. Further, the stabilizing forces
      should be well distributed over tolerant areas.

PMID- 962572
TI  - Sexual adjustment and feminine attractiveness among spinal cord injured women.
AB  - Responses to semistructured interviews with 31 spinal cord injured women yielded
      sexual adjustment scores and material concerning sexual compensation and orgasm,
      bowel and bladder programs, and methods of enhancing attractiveness. Sexual
      adjustment scores were unrelated to time since injury. Few subjects reported the
      need to  make special provision to control elimination during sexual activity.
      Openness and honesty with mates were stressed. Those with high sexual-adjustment
      scores compensated for lost sensation and mobility. Orgasm descriptions and most
      attractiveness-related behaviors resembled those of able-bodied women; some
      attractiveness behaviors specifically compensated for disability.

PMID- 962573
TI  - Recent developments in opiate research and their implications for psychiatry.
AB  - Considerable progress in opiate research has been made during the last few years
      regarding the identification and localization of opiate receptors in vitro and in
      vivo, the analysis of drug-receptor interactions and the characterization of an
      endogenous ligand of the opiate receptor. There is little evidence that effects
      induced by chronic exposure to opiates - development of tolerance and dependence 
      are due to changes in opiate receptor mechanisms; it is supposed that the
      adaptive changes occur mainly in the chain of events triggered by the drug
      receptor interaction. Such changes may be directly or indirectly related to the
      metabolism of neurotransmitters and/or cyclic nucleotides. The obvious links
      between physical and psychic equivalents of opiate dependence are discussed.
      Present data points to the significance of brain stem and limbic structures in
      both these processes, monoamines probably playing an important role. Relations
      between psychic manifestations of opiate addiction and mental disorders are
      pointed out.

PMID- 962574
TI  - [Potassium activity in the cat cortex: experimental epilepsy].
AB  - Two mechanisms are discussed which link extracellular potassium accumulation and
      epileptogenic neuronal hyperactivity in the cortex. The potassium concentration
      (aK) of the environment of a repetitively discharging membrane can increase
      sufficiently for a supra-threshold depolarization at afferent erminals. This can
      explain the finding of ectopic spike generation and the antidromic breakthrough
      in thalamo-cortical projections after a primary cortical discharge. Spread and
      recurrent enhancement of excitatory drives may be the result of this mechanism.
      Initiation and termination of seizure is not explained by potassium accumulation.
      There is a ceiling level in potassium of about 10 mequ/1 which is strictly
      maintained during normal as well as epileptiform activity. This level is probably
      not high enough for depolarizing inactivation of neuronal membranes. Stimulation
      of cortical afferents can have a dual effect on aK. After a primary shortlasting
      increase, aK can reach subnormal values. This is possibly brought about by a
      stimulated re-uptake of K+. Seizures can be initiated at these subnormal levels.
      The effect of the re-uptake e.g. hyperpolarization of terminal afferents and
      increase of evoked transmitter release is discussed for the initiation for
      paroxysmal activity.

PMID- 962575
TI  - [Psychiatry, morphology and behaviour genetics (author's transl)].
AB  - No organic substrate is known for endogenous psychoses, neuroses and behaviour
      disorders. Therefore genetic studies have to depart from the behavioural level.
      This approach has yielded the empirical risk figures which depend on genetic and
      environmental factors. Beyond this level behaviour genetics endeavours to clarify
      the genetic mechanisms underlying normal and abnormal behaviour. In the
      schizophrenias f.i. several stretegies have been developed to approach the
      genetic basis: Mathematial models as to the mode of inheritance; use of modified
      classificatory and diagnostic criteria for genetic analysis; search for phenomena
      representing steps between genotype and phenotype and showing a clear mode of
      inheritance, f.i. biochemical or electrophysiological characters. In case the
      neurotransmitters are not changed in quality or total quantity but in
      compartmentation in the genetic defect might be localized in the pre- or
      postsynaptic membranes or receptors. Genetic factors are also involved in
      nonpsychotic behaviour disorders but to a lesser degree. They can be demonstrated
      even in psychoses with somatic background.

PMID- 962576
TI  - [Body-centered group psychotherapy in acute schizophrenics. Evaluation by rating
      of ego functions (Bellak et al., 1973)].
AB  - 37 acute schizophrenic inpatients were studied in respect to the therapeutic
      effect of the body-centered group psychotherapy (korperzentrierte
      Gruppenpsychotherapie). The evaluation was made by the rating of ego functions
      (Bellak et al., 1973). The acute schizophrenic patients with somatic disturbances
      (functional ones, body illusions and halluzinations, depersonalisation) turned
      out to make significantly better progress in ego functions (p less than 0.05)
      than the control sample.

PMID- 962577
TI  - [Sex chromosome aberration screening among male psychiatric patients (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors report of sex chromosome aberration screenings among the patients of
      the male psychiatric department, University Medical School, Pecs. 310 patients
      were investigated. The X-chromatin was detected in buccal smears with thionin
      staining and the Y-chromatin in peripheric blood smears with quinacrin-staining
      by the help of fluorescentoptical technique. Two Klinefelter-patients and one YY
      patient were diagnostized. The Klinefelter-patients were psychopaths and mentally
      subnormal, the YY-patient was a paranoid schizophrenic. The incidence of
      Klinefelter syndrome is 0.64%, that of the YY syndrome is 0.32%. Mental relations
      of sex chromosome aberrations are discussed in detail.

PMID- 962578
TI  - [Excretion of acetyl urea in milk following oral 14C-acetyl urea administration
      to dairy cows].
AB  - 2 experimental cows were fed acetyl urea several weeks before the trial was
      started. The first cow received a daily amount of 200 g and the second cow 855 g.
      On the first day of experiment both cows were given 5 mCi of 14C acetyl urea
      intraruminally. Up to 6 hrs after the beginning of the experiment acetyl urea in
      blood plasma was shown to contain a higher proportion of 14C activity than urea.
      0.21 g urea and 0.18 g acetyl urea were contained in 1 kg of milk from cow No 1
      while 1 kg of milk from cow No 2 contained 0.18 g urea and 0.12 g acetyl urea.
      The feeding of acetyl urea to dairy cows is not recommended on the basis of the
      fact that any further contamination of human nutrition with foreign substances
      should be possibly avoided.

PMID- 962579
TI  - [Effect of zinc deficiency and varying zinc supplements on resorption and
      retention in dairy cows].
AB  - 5 lactating cows were used in a trial to investigate the process of Zn absorption
      and Zn retention under conditions of Zn deficiency and variations in Zn
      supplementation. The apparent Zn absorption was found to be markedly increased if
      the animals were fed a Zn deficient semisynthetic diet containing 6 mg Zn per kg
      of dry matter during the depletion period. Apparent Zn absorption continued to
      rise with continuing Zn depletion. Over a period of 6 weeks of Zn depletion the
      mean rate of Zn absorption was 58% with increases from 51% to 64% between the 1st
      and 6th week of experiment. After 19 weeks of Zn depletion 75% of the
      supplemented zinc were absorbed. With a Zn supply of 22 ppm and 54 ppm the rate
      of apparent Zn absorption decreased to 51% and 44% while still higher Zn
      supplements, up to 436 ppm, produced only a slight further decline down to 40%.
      The absolute Zn balances were shown to be directly associated with the level of
      Zn supply, all the more so because a linear relationship was found to exist
      between the levels of alimentary zinc supplementation and absolute Zn retention.
      Under conditions of Zn deficiency the cows exhibited a negative Zn balance, where
      animals with the highest milk yields showed the most negative Zn balances and
      remained for the longest period in the negative phase. With increasing periods of
      Zn depletion a homeostatic mechanism of Zn regulation in the organism of the
      animals became more and more pronounced so that at advanced stages of Zn
      depletion Zn retention of some extent occurred.

PMID- 962580
TI  - [Relationship between food protein quality and adrenal cortex function. 6.
      Interrelationship between aminotransferase activity (GPT1, GOT2) and the status
      of adrenal cortex function].
AB  - Growing male Albino rats were adrenalectomized and then treated with
      corticosterone in an attempt to determine the activity of amino transferases (GPT
      and GOT) in the liver and in the mucosa of the small intestine over a period
      during which the animals received dietary proteins of varying quality. However,
      statistically significant differences in the enzyme activity were established for
      only those groups in which the animals exhibited differences in the functional
      state of the adrenal cortex. Differences due to changes in the quality of the
      dietary protein were not observed. From this was concluded that the activity of
      the amino transferases in the tissues is largely dependent on the action of
      corticosteroids.

PMID- 962581
TI  - [Relationship between food protein quality and adrenal cortex function. 7.
      Relationship between activity of selected liver and small intestine hydrolases
      and adrenal cortex function].
AB  - Male Wistar rats received 10% true digestible crude protein of varying quality
      (maize gluten (MK) = low protein quality; maize gluten + lysine, tryptophan,
      threonine, isoleucine (MK + AS) = high protein quality) for a period of three
      weeks. The trial was carried out to investigate the activity of the two enzymes
      leucine-arylamidase (LNA) and aminotripeptidase (TP) in the liver and the mucosa
      of the small intestine and that of alpha and gamma amylases and of total amylases
      in the mucosa of the small intestine in animals exhibiting differences in the
      functional state of their adrenal cortices (adrenalectomized animals (AE), normal
      rats (N) and animals receiving additional treatment with cortisol (KS). It was
      found that mucosal LNA and gamma amylase did not respond to functional changes in
      the adrenal cortex. Mucosal LNA had a higher activity if the dietary protein was
      of low quality and a lower activity if the protein quality was high. The level of
      liver LNA activity was significantly lower in N and KS animals than in AE
      animals. The highest activity of mucosal and liver TP was found in KS animals; it
      was lowest in N animals. Statistically significant differences brought about by
      changes in the quality of dietary proteins were only found to occur in the KS
      group. The activity of alpha amylase and total amylases was found to be lowest in
      N animals; it was significantly higher in animals of the AE and KS groups.
      Animals of the N and KS groups receiving MK + AS exhibited a significantly higher
      level in their alpha and total amylase activities than animals in the same group
      receiving MK. Here, the "permissive action" of glucocorticosteroids on
      metabolically active hydrolases is clearly evident. The pattern of mucosal LNA
      activity in the small intestine and that of gamma amylase may be regarded as
      further characteristic evidence for the digestive action of these enzymes. Liver
      LNA and liver TP as well as mucosal TP and alpha amylase acted like metabolic
      enzymes.

PMID- 962582
TI  - [Effect of endogenous factors on ash concentration and contents of calcium,
      magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, copper and manganese in the
      bristles of pigs. 5. Mineral composition of pig bristels influenced by pregnancy
      and lactation].
AB  - 77 sows were used in a trial bristles were taken from these animals (a) on the
      84th day of pregnancy, (b) on the day of gestation and (c) on the 42nd day of
      lactation. The average ash content of the bristles was 1.23%. It was not found to
      be influenced by gestation. Before gestation the Ca content of the bristles rose
      significantly while the Na and K content decreased (P less than 0.05). The Mg, P
      and Cu content of the bristles increased during lactation whereas the F content
      fell significantly. The concentrations of all other elements did not change
      significantly in the phase of pregnancy and during lactation.

PMID- 962583
TI  - [Nutritional value of wine yeast for sheep and swine].
AB  - A digestibility trials was carried out with male sheep and one with fattening
      pigs to investigate the digestibility of wine yeast. 4 two-year-old male sheep
      and 5 castrated male pigs (live weight approximately 80 kgs) were used as
      experimental animals. The following digestibility data (%) were established on
      the sheep: organic matter: 78.9; energy: 79.1; crude protein: 61.1; crude fat:
      88.8; crude fibre: 88.8; NFE 86.1. The corresponding data for the pigs were 55.4;
      46.3; 22.7; 12.1; 92.7; 69.8. Thus, the resulting energy concentration was
      approximately 630 EFr units or 405 EFs units and the content of digestible crude
      protein in the dry matter was about 16% for ruminants and 6% in the pigs.

PMID- 962584
TI  - [Secretion of endogenous amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract and amino acid
      resorption in the swine].
AB  - A trial was performed with 2 fistula pigs (each with 2 fistulas, one located
      about 30 cm below the pyloric orifice and the other at the end of the small
      intestine). Animal A received a casein diet containing 14% crude protein for a
      period of 2 weeks before the tracer amino acid was administered. Animal B
      received the same diet for a period of 10 days and was then fed a diet (at the
      same protein level) containing gluten as sole protein source. The two tracer
      amino acids, 14C-U-L-leucine and 3H-4,5-(N)-L-lysine, were injected
      intravenously. The passage rates for dry matter, organic matter and N measured at
      the beginning of the small intestine were higher than the rate of intake. The
      rate of passage of amino acids was also found to be increased relative to the
      rate of intake. In general, this increase involved the non-essential amino acids
      to a much larger extent. A considerable proportion of the amino acids passing
      into the large intestine is not excreted with the faeces but is probably
      converted in catabolic processes. It is for this reason that any values for the
      efficiency of amino acid absorption calculated on the basis of data on the faecal
      excretion of amino acids will not provide conclusive evidence for the
      availability of dietary amino acids in processes of the intermediate metabolism.
      The rate of secretion of 3H and 14C radioactivity into the digesta of the small
      intestine was found to increase rapidly within 1-2 hrs after administration of
      the tracer amino acids. The 14C radioactivity detected was found to be almost
      exclusively derived from 14C leucine while only about 60% of the 3H activity
      found in the digesta of fistula I were shown to be bound to lysine. Labelled
      lysine and leucine (of endogenic origin) are absorbed into the small intestine at
      a slower rate (i.e. endogenic proteins are less efficiently digested) than the
      non-radioactive amino acids (of exogenic origin) so that a process of
      concentration of endogenic amino acids is observed towards the end of the small
      intestine.

PMID- 962585
TI  - [Problem of nitrogen metabolism in monogastric animals].
AB  - A new method has been developed for determining the proportion of endogenic and
      exogenic faecal N by measuring the degree of specific labelling in the feeding
      stuff (administered orally) and in the excreta (faeces and urine). The method has
      also been developed to find out whether the endogenic excretion of intestinal N
      is actually independent of the N intake. The present technique had been worked
      out on the basis of the model that had been originally established by Czarnetzki
      et al. in 1969 with the aim of characterizing processes of nitrogen metabolism in
      monogastric animals. As a result, a multi-compartment model was developed and a
      number of conclusions were derived from it. These conclusions were tested in 3
      series of experiments on rats fed 15N labelled spring barley and 15N labelled
      feed yeast. Additionally, 15N labelled experimental rats were used receiving
      unlabelled extracted soya bean meal. The proportion of endogenic intestinal
      nitrogen (DVN) varied between 15-22% relative to the proportion of N ingested.
      The relative proportion of endogenic faecal N in the tota faecal N was found to
      be 100% in the case of the nitrogen-free diet. With increasing levels of dietary
      N this proportion lended to decrease down to a final value that was quite
      characteristic for each partitular feeding-stuff. The absolute amount of
      endogenic faecal N, however, was found to increase with increasing N levels. This
      shows that contrary to current views, DVN is not constant and is not independent
      of protein intake. Rather, a close relationship was found to exist between the
      level of N intake and DVN excretion (r = 0.951...0.972). So, the proportion of
      exogenic N contained in the faeces is much smaller than was previously assumed on
      the basis of the classical and regressive methods. These were based on the
      assumption that DVN is constant. Consequently, higher digestibility values will
      be obtained in comparison with those calculated on the basis of the previous
      methods. Digestibility data for spring barley increased from 83.9 to 95.6, i.e.
      by 11 digestibility units; for feed yeast there was an increase by 6.2 units,
      from 83.3 to 90.0; and for extracted soya bean meal an increase of 6.2 units was
      observed (from 90.7 to 96.9).

PMID- 962586
TI  - Effects of splenectomy on production of poly I:C induced serum interferon in
      rabbits.
AB  - Splenectomy in rabbits causes a temporary reduction in interferon responding
      capacity of Poly I:C, followed by a period of hyperreactivity. At the same time a
      fraction of interferon with slightly different physiocochemical properties
      emerges. This could indicate that the spleen plays a relatively important role in
      the interferon response to Poly I:C. Splenectomy could be followed by the
      development of a compensatory cell population responsible for the production of
      interferon with slightly different molecular weight, isoelectric point and
      stability in urea.

PMID- 962587
TI  - Interferon induction and sensitivity as correlates to virulence of Venezuelan
      encephalitis viruses for hamsters.
AB  - Venezuelan encephalitis (VEE) virus strains, which differ in virulence for adult
      hamsters, were compared with respect to (a) sensitivity to hamster interferon
      (IF) in vitro and in vivo and (b) induction of IF in plasma and target tissues
      (spleen, bone marrow and brain) following subcutaneous inoculation. In vitro, in
      cultures of a continuous line of hamster kidney cells, hamster interferon
      inhibited the replication of a benign VEE strain (BeAr 35,645) more than another
      benign strain (TC-83 vaccine) or two hamster-virulent strains (68 U 201 and
      Trinidad donkey). In vivo, in hamsters given poly I: poly C 24 hours before virus
      to induce interferon formation, BeAr 35,645 and TC-83 virus infections were
      prevented more frequently than infections with virulent strains Trinidad donkey
      and 68U201. Benign VEE strains BeAr 35,645 and TC-83 induced only slightly lower
      concentrations of IF in plasma, bone marrow, spleen and brain than virulent
      strains Trinidad donkey, 63Z21 and 68U201. However, concentrations of infectious
      BeAr 35,645 virus were significantly lower in these tissues than virulent
      strains, resulting in higher ratios of IF: invectious virus, suggesting efficient
      interferon induction. Benign strain TC-83 showed irregular relationships between
      IF and infectious virus in plasma or blood and tissues, Splenectomy significantly
      depressed plasma plasma IF responses to TC-83 virus 20 to 30 hours after
      inoculation. Interferon appears to be a factor that influences virulence of VEE
      viruses for hamsters.

PMID- 962588
TI  - Epizootic congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle: isolation
      of Akabane virus from affected fetuses.
AB  - Previous serolgoical studies strongly suggested Akabane virus to be the etiologic
      agent of epizootic abortion and congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly in
      cattle, and this view was further corroborated in this study by the isolation of
      the virus from an aborted fetus in an epizootic of the disease and from a fetus
      extracted froma cow which was suggested by serologic tests to have a recent
      infection with the virus. The latter fetus had histological changes of
      encephalomyelitis and polymyositis, and specific antigens of Akabane virus was
      shown by the immunofluorescent technique in brain tissues as well as skeletal
      muscular tissues. The virus was recovered from various fetal tissues and fluids,
      and in relatively large amounts from brain, spinal cord, cerebral fluid, skeletal
      muscles and fetal placenta. The intracranial inoculation of suckling mice, 1-2
      days of age, was the most sensitive system for Akabane virus isolation and HmLu
      1, a continuous cell line from hamster lung, seemed almost as sensitive as
      suckling mice.

PMID- 962589
TI  - Growth inhibition of human lymphoblastoid Daudi cells in vitro by interferon
      preparations.
AB  - Human interferon (HIF) preparations inhibited the propagation of Daudi cells in
      stationary suspension cultures, while a control preparation showed no such
      effect. The growth inhibition (= anticellular) activity of differently pretreated
      HIF preparations was determined by the reduction of 14C-labelled thymidine (14C
      TDR) uptake in a microassay system. These studies demonstrated that the degree of
      anticellular activity is directly proportional to the antiviral activity of
      different HIF preparations. These preparations were obtained from peripheral
      leukocytes (lHIF) or diploid fibroblasts (fHIF). Together with gel chromatography
      results, and the sensitivity of the anticellular activity to tryptic digestion
      and heat inactivation, these results suggest that the anticellularly active
      substance is a protein which is very similar to, or identical with, interferon.

PMID- 962590
TI  - [Use of roentgenography for roentgeno-anatomic research].
AB  - The three-year-long experience of the use of electroroentgenography for
      anatomical investigations has shown that the details of the picture of anatomical
      objects which are insufficiently contrast in conventional roentgenograms may be
      revealed in electroroentgenograms. The obtained data speak of good prospects of
      application of electroentgenography in rentgenoanatomical studies.

PMID- 962591
TI  - [Programmed control of students' knowledge through natural anatomic
      preparations].

PMID- 962592
TI  - [X-ray anatomy of the maxillary sinuses].
AB  - In a complex roentgenological investigation of 12 anatomical preparations of the
      cranium and of 100 isolated maxillary bones (including multiplane roentgenography
      and the artificial contrasting of the antrum of Highmore) it has been established
      that in adult people the maxillary sinuses have as a rule, a shape of an
      irregular truncated pyramid (96%), rarely - a rounded shape. The standard
      roentgenograms of the cranium can reveal comparatively small portions of osseous
      walls of the maxillary sinuses. Special spot-films are necessary for studying the
      sinus walls on their full length.

PMID- 962593
TI  - [X-ray anatomy of the inferior mesenteric artery according to findings of
      intravital angiography].
AB  - The article describes the results of roentgenological analysis of 905 patients
      having no pathological manifestations in the basin of the inferior mesenteric
      artery. The percutaneous catheterization of the aorta after Seldinger was made in
      all the patients. The authors have established that the typical variant of the
      artery is characterized by its appearance at the level of the third lumbar
      vertebrum body, by the branching of the trunk downwards to the left at an angle
      of 26,6 degrees +/- 0,2 (6-6,31 degrees) and by the main type of branching. The
      described rentgenological features of the vessel are helpful for the correct
      recognizing of the vessel in angiograms made in clinical conditions. The authors
      are likely to be the first to distinguish 10 variations of the branching of the
      inferior mesenteric artery and to give a detailed information on projection
      relationships of this vessel.

PMID- 962594
TI  - [Autoradiographic study of the early stages of human female meiosis in organ
      culture].
AB  - Incorporation of H3-thymidin in developing germinative cells and the movement of
      the label in successive stages of preprophase and prophase of meiosis were
      studied in the organic culture of the ovaries of 7-12 and 23 week human embryos
      by the method of autoradiography. H3-thymidin was incorporated by oognia and
      oocytes of the last stages of preleptotene with a thin uneven network of
      chromatin in the nucleus and by oocytes of the stage of leptotene and, rarely,
      zygotene. In oocytes with prochromosomes the label appeared within 12 hours. The
      cells labeled in the premeiotic DNA synthesis were changed into the zygotene
      stage within 4 days, into the pachytene stage- within 14 days. The development
      took 7-14 days from the last premitosis S-period to zygotene. Oogoniums divided
      two times for 7 days. Gz-period of oognia -1/2 of mitosis lasts an average of 10
      hours. The S-period of oogonia lasts for about 9 hours.

PMID- 962595
TI  - [Age and changes in the thyroid gland of A/He mice (morphometric and
      histochemical studies)].
AB  - Changes in the thyroid gland of mice A/He in postnatal ontogenesis were studied
      at the age of from 1 to 547 days by methods of morphometry and quantitative
      histochemistry. During the first days of life an active growth of the organ,
      accumulation of colloid, increase of the relative volume of the follicular
      epithelium in which the intensity of the histoenzymological reactions increased
      were observed. In the period of sex maturation the excretion of colloid was
      noticed as well as an increase of the height of follicular cells with activation
      of some of their enzymatic systems. Later on, while aging, the follicular cells
      gradually become flatter, the level of some enzymatic reactions of thyrocytes
      drops, the relative volume of colloid increases and its histochemical properties
      change. In the gland of animals older than 6-7 months well pronounced cystic
      changes were found.

PMID- 962597
TI  - [Understanding and applying the historical method in morphology].

PMID- 962596
TI  - [Structure of the walls of the main arteries exposed to experimental
      hypergravitation and hypokinesia].
AB  - The structure of the wall of the carotid humeral and femoral arteries and the
      aorta was studied by histological methods in 260 rabbits under effects of
      positive longitudinal unendurable stresses, stresses of the training character
      and hypokinesia. Under study also was the structure of components of the aorta
      adventitia microcirculatory bed with the impregnation of tissue sections after
      V.V. Kuprijanov. The reversibility of morphological changes in the wall was
      studied after effects of the above factors and their different combinations. The
      experiments have shown the morphological changes in the wall to be of similar
      type and to consist of hyperelastosis and atrophy of the media under chronic
      stimuli. In the microcirculatory bed there occurred dilatation of postcapillaries
      and venules, diapedesic hemorrhages suggesting phenomena of stagnation. All the
      morphological changes were reversible speaking of great adaptive potentialities
      of the vascular system.

PMID- 962598
TI  - [Character of changes in the microcirculatory bed of the mesentery of the small
      intestine in experimental acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - On the first day of the development of acute coronary insufficiency there appears
      a spastic state of all the vascular system of the small intestine mesentery and a
      deceleration of the blood flow. On the third day after ligation of the coronary
      artery branch against the background of spasmed arterioles the alternation of
      sites of constricted and dilated capillaries, postcapillaries and venules was
      observed, i.e., there was a well pronounced spasticatonical state of the
      microcirculation bed vessels. On the fifth and seventh day the characteristic
      features were dilatation and decreased tonus of the venous part of the
      microcirculatory bed, redistribution of blood and more considerable disorders in
      microcirculation with aggregation and diapedesis of erythrocytes.

PMID- 962599
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the supraoptic nucleus and posterior lobe of the
      pituitary following experimental burns].
AB  - The dynamics of the ultrastructure of the neurosecretory system in the postburn
      period is characterized by phasic of organells of neurosecretory cells and
      synapses on their bodies and processes. Immediately after burn there appear
      pronounced signs of an increased formation of secretion synchronous to a
      considerably increased functional activity of synaptic structures. Of the
      opposite character are fine structures in neurocytes in the subsequent period (1
      1,5 hour after burn). Phenomena of disintegration and degeneration of organells
      are developing in the cells. In the posiologically active neurohormones and
      degeneration of membrane structures gradually increase at all the observed stages
      of the burn trauma. All the elements of the supraoptic nucleus and the posterior
      lobe of the hypophysis early responding to the effect of such a powerful extreme
      factor are involved in the response of the organism to burn. It should be noted
      that immediately after burn there appears an increased permeability of
      capillaries followed by extravasation of formed elements and liquid blood. It
      steadily increases with the development of the process.

PMID- 962600
TI  - [Topography of the intraorganic veins of the pancreas].
AB  - The article describes the veins of the head, body and tail of the pancreas and
      the blood from them. Two ways of the blood outflow are found: 1.along the splenic
      and mesenteric veins and 2. along the splenic vein. The greatest amount of
      anastomoses is found in the area of transition from the head to the body. Three
      forms of the pancreatic venous bed are established: segmentary, reticular and
      mixed forms.

PMID- 962601
TI  - [Plasticity of the circulatory bed of the vermiform appendix in the presence of
      circulatory disorders within it].
AB  - The methods of macro-microscopy and angio-roentgenography were used to study the
      change of blood vessels of the vermiform process in 80 rabbits. Six series of
      experiments were performed with the exclusion of the appendicular artery and vein
      and their direct branches in different combinations. The normal circulatory bed
      was studied in 10 rabbits. It has been established that the circulatory bed of
      the rabbit vermiform process is characterized by a very complicated structure and
      has numerous intervascular connections. The latter possess high plasticity
      sustaining the sufficiently developed collateral circulation and the recovery of
      the blood inflow disturbed in the process. The work describes specific features
      of the process circulatory bed changes under the conditions of the experiments.
      The data obtained should be taken into account when modeling acute appendicitis
      in the rabbit by disturbing its vascularization.

PMID- 962602
TI  - [Cytophotometric determination of DNA concentration in the nuclei of the human
      placental trophoblast in late toxemias of pregnancy].
AB  - The distribution of trophoblast nuclei of the human placenta by their ploidy was
      studied in normal pregnancy and in late pregnancy toxemias by the monowave emthod
      of cytophotometry in visible light. In the plasmodiotrophoblast a pronounced
      increase in the amount of nuclei in the S-phase (up to 40%) was noted in late
      toxemias which suggests a considerable activation of the DNA synthesis. The
      placenta cytotrophoblast in late toxemias is substantially different from that in
      normality. The Langhans cells disappear almost completely while in normality they
      are present in young terminal villi till the very end of pregnancy. The amount of
      the island cytotrophoblasts is much greater, the distribution of nuclei according
      t the DNA content being of absolutely different character than in normality. A
      great amount of hypodiploid nuclei (up to 36%) was observed which are absent in
      normal conditions as well as much greater fluctuations in the amount of diploid
      nuclei (from 4% to 37%) as compared with the normal amount (25.9%). These data
      show a high amitotic activity in the island cytotrophoblast in late toxemias. The
      above changes in the plasmodiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast might be considered
      as a compensatory reaction of the placenta to a considerably increased
      vacuolization and deep atrophic processes in degenerating villi.

PMID- 962603
TI  - [Pathways of transcranial blood flow].
AB  - The injection of the injectional mass into the internal and external carotid
      arteries has shown the presence of perforant arteries in the bones of the cranial
      fornix. The method of impregnation of vessels by silver nitrate in sections of
      decalcified cranium bones enabled the author to establish the penetration of thin
      blood vessels into the cranial cavity through sutures. Blood vessels
      simultaneously found to be present in the spongy and compact substance of the
      cranial fornix bones. The totalities of the above vessels are considered as
      transcranial vascular communications. Their possible significance in hemodynamics
      is discussed.

PMID- 962604
TI  - [Classification of neurons of the cat neocortex].
AB  - Different forms of neurons of the temporal cortex of the adult cat were studied
      in frontal and sagittal sections by the Golgi method in the author's
      modification. It was shown that the 2nd type Golgi cells (spider neurons, basket
      cells, spindle stellate cells with two bunches of processes, stellate cells with
      radial processes, Martinotti's cells) are characterized by local restruction of
      their processes and differ from one another in the specificity of axonal
      aborizations. The comparison of axonal systems of the pyramidal and above forms
      of the 2nd type Golgi cells has shown the set of collaterals of one pyramidal
      cell to consist of fragments of axonal branching of different forms of short-axon
      neurons. On the basis of the data obtained the pyramidal neuron is considered as
      a universal type of cell. The structural features of its receptive surface
      sustain the converging on it of a wide range of polymodal signals, the difference
      in the quality of presynaptic structures being responsible for the plasticity of
      a functional change of its integrative activity.

PMID- 962605
TI  - [Morphologic changes during neuroplastic nerve restoration].
AB  - The dynamics of ultrastructural changes in plastic recovery of the function of
      the additional nerve by the anterior branch of the second cervical nerve was
      studied. The nerve cells at the level of the donor-nerve were found to be highly
      reactive and plastic. It was established that in the process of heterogenic
      regeneration of the nerve the most substantial changes in neuronal structures
      were observed during the first two months. The cysterns of the endoplasmic
      network remained dilated for a long time after platic operation with might be
      related with the increased protein metabolism in the neuron.

PMID- 962606
TI  - Detecting colorectal cancer.

PMID- 962607
TI  - Diagnostic patterns in disability Arizona and the nation.

PMID- 962608
TI  - Observation of virus-like particles in a carcinoma of the penis.

PMID- 962609
TI  - Current trends in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 962610
TI  - Colonic endometriosis.

PMID- 962611
TI  - Recent advances in diagnosis and management of laryngotracheobronchitis and
      epiglottitis.

PMID- 962612
TI  - Antibiotics and the kidney.

PMID- 962613
TI  - The chromosome 49, XXXXY syndrome: report of a case in an adult.

PMID- 962614
TI  - Snakebite in Arizona.

PMID- 962615
TI  - What has happened to the clinician in obstetrics?

PMID- 962616
TI  - Radiology case No. 12. Asbestosis and right pleural mesothelioma.

PMID- 962617
TI  - Antibiotics and the kidney -- II: antibiotic induced nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 962618
TI  - Influenza immunization campaign.

PMID- 962619
TI  - Editorial: Narcissism.

PMID- 962620
TI  - Predictive disability evaluation.

PMID- 962621
TI  - [Editorial: Critical evaluation of results of the ergometric tests].

PMID- 962622
TI  - International angiographic nomenclature of the human coronary circulation.

PMID- 962623
TI  - [Evaluation of the diameter of the base of the great vessels. Comparison between
      autopsy and angiographic methods].

PMID- 962624
TI  - [Substitution of the aortic and mitral valve by Lillehei Kaster prosthesis.
      Analysis of 55 cases].

PMID- 962625
TI  - [Coronary risk factors in the rural population. I. Physical capacity of rural
      workers and other professional Brazilian groups, studied by the ergometric
      cycle].

PMID- 962626
TI  - [Involvement of the myocardium in meningococcal meningitis].

PMID- 962627
TI  - [Left ventricular performance in coronary ventriculography].

PMID- 962628
TI  - [Pulmonary vascularization in carriers of congenital heart diseases. II. Study of
      the pulmonary arterial component in the systemic pulmonary anastomosis].

PMID- 962629
TI  - [Phonocardiographic evaluation of the left ventricular function in progressive
      systemic sclerosis].

PMID- 962630
TI  - [Radiological study of patients with a Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis].

PMID- 962631
TI  - [Agenesis of the right coronary ostium associated to aortic valve insufficiency.
      Report of a case].

PMID- 962632
TI  - [Syphilitic coronary ostial obstruction].

PMID- 962633
TI  - Familial myasthenia gravis. Report of four cases.
AB  - Two pairs of siblings with myasthenia gravis, belonging to two different
      families, are reported. This is the only record of familial myasthenia during the
      past twenty years, in a total of 145 patients seen at the Neurological Clinic of
      the Sao Paulo Medical School. In spite of the fact that myasthenia gravis does
      not show hereditary characteristics, the peculiar features of the four cases
      justify the present report. The two pairs of siblings were born from non
      myasthenic nor consanguineous parents. The disease started at birth showing
      bilateral partial eyelid ptosis in all patients. The course of the illness has
      been favorable. There was no thymoma.

PMID- 962634
TI  - [Polyneuropathy caused by tuberculostatics. Study of motor nerve conduction in 29
      patients].
AB  - The electroneurographic study in 29 patients, during treatment with isoniazid for
      pulmonary tuberculosis in 12 months period is reported. The patients age were
      between 16 and 70 years. During the study period motor nerve conduction velocity
      was done every two months in the median, ulnar and peroneal nerves. The
      statistical analysis in a 6 months period, revealed p greater than 0.05
      (nonsignificant) at the median and peroneal nerves, in spite of the lowering of
      the motor nerve conduction in a 12 months period. The same findings were observed
      with the ulnar nerve, but p less than 0.01 (significant). It was impossible to
      establish a correlation between the motor nerve conduction velocities and the
      clinical findings observed in the patients. This paper, in the author's opinion,
      shows that the nerve motor conduction technique is worthless in the follow up of
      isoniazid patients.

PMID- 962635
TI  - [Decompression craniotomy in acute brain edema. Apropos of 30 operated cases].
AB  - Uni or bilateral decompressive craniotomy was carried out in 30 patients bearing
      severe cerebral edema of etiology predominantly traumatic. Coma, midriasis and
      decerebrate state were the mostly commonly clinical features presented. The
      average survival in the series was 46.6%.

PMID- 962636
TI  - [Value of cytogenetic study in transsexualism].
AB  - By reviewing the syndromic manifestation, transsexualism in characterized as a
      psychiatric entity, apart from homossexualism and transvestism. The two main
      feasible etiologic causes of transsexualism are discussed: the psychoanalytical
      hypothesis based upon psycossexual regression with imprinting of maternal figure
      and the neuroendocrine model which assumes alterations of the gender role
      identity centers in the hypothalamus. On the grounds of the latter explanation
      and after the scheme that seems to occure in the Morris syndrome whose cells (XY)
      do not respond to the masculinizing effect of plasma testosterone, it is proposed
      that transsexuals should possess detectable or cryptic sex-chromosome mosaicism
      affecting hypothalamic centers of gender role identity which do not respond to
      the androgenic secretion produced by primitive gonad. This possibliity explains
      the excessive prevalence of the syndrome among men, its typical features in the
      male as well as its sporadic occurrence. Cytogenetic investigation reveals that
      the frequency (32%) of sex-chromosome mosaicism among 25 transsexuals and 40
      normal control people, both groups presenting the proportion of the mosaicism
      practically null. The karyotypic criterion as a valuable aid in the syndrome
      diagnosis is considered.

PMID- 962637
TI  - [Ciliospinal reflex in man].
AB  - The study of the ciliospinal reflex in twenty-three patients is reported. The
      patients were divided into two groups: the first with spinal cord lesions and the
      second one with brain stem lesions. The authors discuss the pathways and the
      mechanisms of the ciliospinal reflex in man and emphasize their value on the
      diagnosis of brain stem lesions.

PMID- 962638
TI  - [Cerebrovascular diseases of the "moyamoya" type].
AB  - The case of a 34-year-old caucasian male with subarachnoid hemorrahge is
      reported. The right carotid arteriogram shows the typical internal carotid artery
      occlusion at the syphon, whith an abnormal vascular network at the base of the
      brain; the right anterior and middle cerebral arteries fill from the vascular
      network and through meningocortical anastomoses; the right posterior
      communicating and cerebral arteries are tortuous and hypertrophic. The left
      carotid arteriogram shows hypertrophy of the common and internal carotid
      arteries; both anterior and middle cerebral arteries fill from this side; the
      anterior communicating artery is thick (foetal type) and a median anterior
      cerebral artery to the corpus callosum is present. It is the authors' view that
      the "moyamoya" disease is a congenital one, since the abnormal vascular network
      at the base of the brain would not be necessary, in this case, to preserve good
      collateral circulation to the right cerebral hemisphere. No other case with the
      typical findings of "moyamoya" disease on one side and hypertrophy of the carotid
      arteries on the other was found in the literature.

PMID- 962639
TI  - [Carcinoma of the choroid plexus. Report of a case].
AB  - The case of a three-years-old male with intracranial hypertension is reported.
      Without a clear clinical diagnosis, a gradual deterioration ocurred before his
      death, 8 days later. The neuropathological examination of the brain revealed a
      tumor with indistint borders at the right lateral ventricle, with granulous
      surface, pink-gray colour, irregular necrotic and hemorragic areas, invading the
      adjacent brain tissue. The histopathological study revealed a malignant variant
      of the choroid plexus tumor, of extreme rarity in the central nervous system. The
      biological and histological criteria accepted by Lewis, Rubinstein and Polak for
      the correct diagnosis of this type of tumour are discussed.

PMID- 962640
TI  - [Metastatic carcinoma involving the cauda equina].
AB  - The case of a 60 year-old man who had an indifferenciated carcinoma in the lung
      is reported. He had received cobaltotherapy and had improved. After 3 months a
      lumbar pain had began and the patient was hospitalized. A myelography with
      lipiodol demonstrated and intra-dural mass. At operation a big intra-dural tumor
      including the cauda equina was found. The microscopic examination revealed an
      undifferenciated carcinoma, that inflitrated the epi and peri-nerual space.

PMID- 962641
TI  - [Clinico genetic discussion on Apert's syndrome. Apropos of a case].
AB  - After a short introduction about the so-called Apert's syndrome. a clinical
      suggestive case is reported. Discussion shows how a clinic-genetical procedure
      may help the clinicians.

PMID- 962642
TI  - [Pituitary apoplexy after pneumoencefalogram].
AB  - A case of pituitary apoplexy following the performance of a pneumoencephalogram
      is reported. No such a case has been published in the literature, to the author's
      knowledge. The etiopathogenetic mechanism is discussed and a recomendation is
      made that surgery should be performed straight after completion of the
      pneumoencephalogram, should it show a significant supraselar extension of a
      pituitary adenoma, even in the absence of increased intracranial pressure.

PMID- 962643
TI  - Effects of nerve stimulation on human muscle.
AB  - A phasic program of femoral nerve stimulation was used  to reduce refractory knee
      flexion contractures in five patients. In one, rectus femoris was tenotomized
      before starting stimulation to reduce hip flexion contracture. Muscle biopsies
      were performed before and after 5 to 12 weeks of intermittent stimulation  at
      separated sites on the same muscle. In the four patients where muscle contraction
      was isometric, type I fibers increased 3.7%, 6.4%, 48.4%, anand 30.4%,
      respectively. Both fiber types in each patient showed an increase in size ( p
      less than .001). In the tenotomized muscle, where contraction was isotonic at a
      shortened length, the proportion of type I fibers decreased from 40.2% to 25.4%,
      and their mean diameter also decreased (p less than .001). These observations
      suggest that the physical conditions of contraction may be more important than
      the pattern of neuronal discharge in determining the metabolic profile of human
      muscle fibers.

PMID- 962644
TI  - Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and myelopathy. A long-term follow-up study.
AB  - The natural history of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in a series of 55 patients
      resulted in a moderate to severe disability during a mean period of 45 months.
      Results of operation for myelopathy indicated improvement in one group that was
      maintained for a mean of 85 months. In another group, progressive worsening
      occurred after operation, or late worsening occurred, in some instances as long
      as 8 to 12 years after improvement and plateau. Patients with cervical
      spondylotic radiculopathy tended to be separated from those with myelopathy with
      respect to presentation, symptom complex, and operative result. Results of
      operation for radiculopathy were consistently good. A worsened disability
      postoperatively for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy was associated
      with the preoperative symptom of sphincter disturbance and the sign of lower
      extremity weakness. Change in hand movement after operation for myelopathy and
      change in distance walking ability were not correlated with numerous preoperative
      factors. A trend of improvement in disability following anterior interbody fusion
      and a tendency to worsen in disability following all varities of laminectomy were
      significant.

PMID- 962645
TI  - Anticonvulsant drug mechanisms. Phenytoin, phenobarbital, and ethosuximide and
      calcium flux in isolated presynaptic endings.
AB  - Phenytoin, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, and procaine hydrochloride were evaluated
      for their ability to inhibit Ca2+ flux into isolated presynaptic endings
      (synaptosomes) prepared from rabbit neocortex. Calcium influx produced by
      depolarizing concentrations (69 mM) of K+ was inhibited 7% to 63% by phenytoin,
      phenobarbital, or procaine, whereas ethosuximide was ineffective. Decreased Ca2+
      influx was observed with as little as 0.08 mM phenytoin and 0.04 mM
      phenobarbital. In contrast, 4 mM procaine was needed to produce an effect. These
      results lead to the conclusion that ability to produce membrane stabilization is
      not a property of all anticonvulsant drugs; however, this property may be
      essential for the action of drugs effective in the treatment of major seizures.

PMID- 962646
TI  - Regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Electromyographic evidence.
AB  - Eight patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and seven normal children
      of similar age were studied with a new electromyographic method for coherent
      displays of potentials. Five hundred motor unit potentials (MUPs) were analyzed
      in 20 proximal and distal muscles representing a wide spectrum of dystrophy. The
      progressive MUP disintegration by dropping out of muscle fibers was documented,
      as well as a high incidence of spontaneous fibrillation. A total of 386 late
      component (LC) potentials followed the 500 MUPs at consistent latencies. No LC
      occurred in normal children. The LCs result from motor axon sprouts innervating
      muscle fibers that are newly formed either by segmentation of existing muscle
      fibers (focal neucrosis and membrane repair) or by muscle regeneration. Axons in
      DMD can thus collaterally innervate additional muscle fibers. These processes
      must delay the onset and progression of clinical weakness in DMD patients.

PMID- 962647
TI  - Clinical vs quantitative evaluation of cutaneous sensation.
AB  - A comparison of the evaluation of cutaneous sensation by neurologic examination
      and by quantitative assessment in 107 patients with various neuromuscular disease
      has shown that there is a reasonably good correlation between the recognition of
      abnormalities of cutaneous sensation by clinical and by quantitative methods.
      Clinical neurologists tend to underestimate abnormalities of touch-pressure
      sensation. The quantitative evaluation of cutaneous sensation is useful in
      quality control of the clinical examination, in correlating the nature of
      sensation loss with the compound action potential and morphometry of biopsied
      nerve, in providing a score of sensation to follow the course and the effect of
      treatment protocols, and in monitoring for an adverse effect on sensation by an
      environmental or industrial poison. There is a good correlation between
      abnormality of touch-pressure sensation and loss of large myelinated fibers of
      sural nerve in neuropathy.

PMID- 962648
TI  - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in migraine.
AB  - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was measured during headache-free
      intervals in 17 patients with migraine and during the headache interval in 16
      patients with muscle contraction headache, as well as in 40 normal subjects. The
      DBH activity was significantly higher in the migraine patients (46.5+/4.5 units)
      than in the controls (24.9+/2.4 units), whereas no significant difference was
      observed between the patients with muscle contraction headache (29.4+/4.5 units)
      and the controls.

PMID- 962649
TI  - Cerebellar degeneration with Hodgkin disease. An immunological study.
AB  - A 21-year-old woman with subacute cerebellar degeneration was found to have
      Hodgkin lymphoma. Radiation therapy for the lymphoma halted the progression of
      her neurological disease. Using an immunofluorescent technique, we found the
      patient's serum to have antibodies to cerebellar Purkinje cells.

PMID- 962650
TI  - Letter: Brain specialization for language: not dependent of literacy.

PMID- 962651
TI  - Letter: Absence of Bell phenomenon during a blink.

PMID- 962652
TI  - Letter: Giant cell tumor of the temporal bone.

PMID- 962653
TI  - Letter: Unilateral proptosis and visual field defect associated with
      hydrocephalus.

PMID- 962654
TI  - Letter: Birth order and left-handedness.

PMID- 962655
TI  - Letter: Sensory losses in poliomyelitis.

PMID- 962656
TI  - Rapid eye movements in myasthenia gravis. II. Electro-oculographic analysis.
AB  - Voluntary saccades were studied by electro-oculography in ten patients with
      myasthenia gravis (MG)  and in eight patients with other types of
      ophthalmoplegia. Despite limited range of eye movements, maximum velocities of 20
      degree and 40 degree saccades in patients with MG were not significantly
      different from  those in normal individuals, whereas maximum velocities in
      patients with other types of ophthalmoplegia were significantly decreased. In
      some myasthenic patients, small amplitude saccades were hypermetric and had high
      velocities, appearing clinically as "quiver" movements characteristic of MG. In
      MG the preservation of saccades with high initial velocities, even in the
      presence of severe ophthalmoplegia, suggests that muscle fibers generating rapid
      movements during saccades (twitch fibers) can be relatively spared when muscle
      fibers responsible for maintenance of excentric gaze (tonic fibers) are severely
      affected.

PMID- 962657
TI  - Limits of constriction in the treatment of retinal detachment.
AB  - A constricting silicone band was added to 13% of local sponge buckle operations
      in this series. The purpose was to relieve circumferential traction or to
      maintain a high buckle. The inclusion of a cerclage did not require drainage of
      subretinal fluid. The rate of reattachment without drainage (42 of 50
      detachments) is comparable to what might be expected if the subretinal fluid had
      been drained. Constriction was controlled and limited to between 10% and 25% of
      the circumference of the eye. Anterior segment  ischemia requiring relaxation of
      the band occurred in two patients; scleral erosion did not occur.

PMID- 962658
TI  - Hereditary congenital alacrima.
AB  - We describe a family with markedly deficient lacrimation from infancy and
      punctate corneal epithelial erosions. An autosomal dominant inheritance pattern
      is suggested. A hypoplasia of the lacrimal gland in this family was suggested by
      pharmacologic testing and by histopathologic examination of the lacrimal gland of
      the proposita. The family investigated in this report represents the first
      instance of hereditary congenital alacrima without associated ocular or adnexal
      abnormalities and apart from systemic disorders such as the Riley-Day syndrome
      and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

PMID- 962659
TI  - Surgical decisions in chronic angle-closure glaucoma.
AB  - A retrospective study of 57 eyes with chronic angle-closure showed that eyes with
      visual field loss are less likely to be improved by iridectomy than those without
      visual field loss in the presence of visual field loss, trabeculectomy achieved
      more satisfactory control of glaucoma than did iridectomy, and there was no
      noticeable difference in surgical complications between iridectomy and
      trabeculectomy in this small series. It is suggested that iridectomy is indicated
      for most cases of chronic angle closure without visual field loss, especially if
      the pressure is medically controllable. In the presence of visual field loss,
      iridectomy is usually a wise choice if medical control is easily achieved
      preoperatively. However, trabeculectomy might be the best choice in most patients
      with visual field loss and medically uncontrolled pressure, regardless of the
      gonioscopic findings.

PMID- 962660
TI  - Ocular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with normal lysyl hydroxylase activity.
AB  - We report two brothers affected with what has been called either fragilitas oculi
      or the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. Previously reported cases of the Ehlers
      Danlos syndrome type VI showed a deficiency of lysyl hydroxylase in cultured
      fibroblasts. Assays of cultured skin fibroblasts from these two boys yielded
      normal activity of this enzyme, suggesting that there are two variants of this
      disease.

PMID- 962661
TI  - Color perimetry.
AB  - Seven subjects were studied to determine the reproducibility of color isopters
      utilizing a Tubingen perimeter with targets equated for radiant energy and
      separate for heterochromatic flicker luminance. Achromatic threshold recognition
      of targets for equal luminance gave smaller isopters with longer wavelengths
      (red). Color recognition thresholds, on the other hand, showed large blue,
      midzone red and green, and small yellow isopters. The target recognition and
      color recognition thresholds for equal energy targets gave smaller red isopters.
      The data support Traquair's contention that all color isopters would be
      equivalent if hue, saturation, and intensity were equated. Clinically, the
      detection of subtle peripheral and central field defects might reside in the use
      of appropriately selected equally bright-colored targets.

PMID- 962662
TI  - Subretinal tracks in ophthalmomyiasis.
AB  - Three cases of presumed infestation of the human globe by the maggot of a true
      fly (order of Diptera) are presented. In each case, migration of the maggot
      through the subretinal space produced widespread ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein
      angiographic changes that are believed to be pathognomonic of subretinal
      ophthalmomyiasis. Despite extensive  changes in the retinal pigment epithelium,
      each of the three patients expressed few symptoms and manifested minimal visual
      deficit.

PMID- 962664
TI  - Further experience with the pinch technique for repair of eyelid deformities.
AB  - The pinch technique has been found to be useful in repairing cosmetic eyelid
      deformities. However, the local anesthetic containing hyaluronidase must be
      injected only in small amounts and only into the subcutaneous space. Scar tissue
      and skin that is firmly adherent to underlying muscle do not yield a satisfactory
      ridge, and therefore, the pinch technique should not be used. Ectropion can be
      predicted by the observation of eversion of the lid margin when even only minimal
      skin is pinched, and impending ectropion can be discovered by our "lean forward
      and look up" maneuver. An ectropion repair can then be combined with the
      blepharoplasty surgical operation. The pinch technique has also been found useful
      when upper and lower blepharoplasties are joined laterally to elevate the lateral
      canthus and eliminate "crow's feet." One component of a repair of trichiasis also
      involves the use of the pinch technique.

PMID- 962663
TI  - Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid.
AB  - A 37-year old woman had received multiple radiation treatments between the ages
      of 6 months and 15 years for an extensive cavernous hemangioma of the left side
      of the face. At the age of 27 years, a biopsy specimen from a lesion of the left
      buccal commissure disclosed  squamous cell carcinoma arising in chronic
      radiodermatitis. Multiple cutaneous lesions were excised surgically, and
      extensive skin grafting of the left side of the face was performed. At the age of
      35, she developed a tumor of the left upper and lower eyelids that extended into
      the orbit, which proved to be a sebaceous gland carcinoma. Following left orbital
      exenteration, the tumor promptly recurred in the socket. The patient died with
      widespread metastatic lesions nine months after exenteration. This case, which,
      to our knowledge, represents the fourth example of postradiation sebaceous gland
      carcinoma of the eyelids, differs from the previously reported cases in that the
      radiation therapy had been given for a benign cutaneous condition.

PMID- 962665
TI  - Vitreous membranes. A light and electron microscopical study.
AB  - Patients with pigmented vitreous membranes were subjected to partial vitrectomy,
      and the membranes were studied by light and electron microscopy. Two yellow ochre
      membranes from eyes removed at autopsy were also examined. The membranes were 
      composed of degenerating red cells and a delicate matrix of collagen. Phagocytic
      cells of uncertain origin and migrating retinal pigment epithelial cells were
      present in some of the membranes. Vascular channels were observed in only two
      cases, in which the membranes had clinical features different from those in the
      remaining cases. The development of new techniques of vitrectomy and the
      relatively normal clinical appearance of the posterior pole of the retina in
      these cases both suggest the potential clinical value of vitreous membrane
      excision. Additional histopathologic studies of vitrectomy specimens will enhance
      our understanding of the indications for this procedure.

PMID- 962666
TI  - Aqueous ascorbate concentration in hereditary buphthalmic rabbits.
AB  - Some  aqueous humor constituents, including ascorbate, protein, and sodium,
      potassium, and calcium ions, were analyzed in three groups of adult buphthalmic
      (bu/bu) rabbits from strain AXBU/J and in control rabbits of the closely related
      strain AX/J. Aqueous humor ascorbate concentration of the normal strain was
      22.5/"2.3mg/100ml. The buphthalmic rabbits that had no meaningful clinical signs
      of glaucoma at the time of sample collection had lower values
      (11.7/"1.7mg/100ml). Much lower values were observed in the bu/bu mutant rabbits
      that showed mild to severe glaucoma: 8.9/"3.8mg/100 ml and 1.9"/0.4mg/100ml,
      respectively. It was concluded that reduction of aqueous ascorbate is a
      biochemical  change associated with the pathological development of buphthalmia
      in rabbits of the AXBU/J strain. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear.

PMID- 962667
TI  - Electron microscopical study of the Fleisher ring.
AB  - The  Fleischer ring of keratoconus was studied with the transmission electron
      microscope in four corneal buttons. The ring was characterized by accumulations
      of ferritin particles in the widened intercellular spaces and/or in the
      cytoplasmic vacuoles of the corneal epithelium. Both changes were prominent in
      basal layers in three cases; in one case, ferritin-containing vacuoles were noted
      in wing cell layers. Ferritin particles were also scattered over the corneal
      epithelium in all cases. For comparison, normal human corneas and conjunctivas
      were studied. Ferritin particles were scattered over the corneal epithelium and
      throughout the basal cells of the conjunctiva. They were not found in corneal
      stroma or endothelium. In conjunctival stroma, numerous ferritin particles were
      observed in the cytoplasm of some macrophages. Possible origin of these particles
      and the cause of their deposition are discussed.

PMID- 962668
TI  - Intraocular penetration of the soluble antiviral, Ara AMP.
AB  - Earlier studies on intraocular penetration of the antiviral drugs idoxuridine and
      vidarabine (formerly Ara A) reveal that either inactive metabolites from the
      former or very low levels of less active metabolites from the latter actually
      enter the aqueous. Additionally, to achieve therapeutic levels, systemically
      administered vidarabine must be given in large fluid volumes because of poor
      solubility. The present time-curve study on the intraocular penetration of the
      highly soluble nucleotide form of vidarabine, Ara AMP, reveals that, in rabbits,
      very high aqueous levels of the antiviral metabolite, Ara Hx, are achieved after
      intravenous does in small fluid volume. Moderately low levels are attained after
      subconjunctival injection, extremely low levels are attained after
      subconjunctival injection, and extremely low levels are present after topical
      administration. This indicates that intravenous  and possibly subconjunctival
      injection may be useful in treatment of deep ocular herpetic disease.

PMID- 962669
TI  - Visolett magnifier. Evaluation and optics.
AB  - The Visolett is a glass, nonspectacle magnifier that rests on the paper,
      producing 1.8X to 2.5X magnification. It is one of the most useful nonspectacle
      magnifiers, because it is simple to use and diffusely concentrates illumination
      on its own field, enhancing the magnification. The optics differ from usual hand
      magnifiers in that the magnification does not increase with the dioptric power.

PMID- 962670
TI  - Fundus photography without a fundus camera.
AB  - A camera for fundus photography can be assembled from a standard indirect
      ophthalmoscope, a single-lens reflex camera, and a modest amount of easily
      available additional equipment. This camera can be used to record moderate detail
      of the posterior portion of the fundus and optic nerve head and can be used in an
      office, a hospital room, or an operating room.

PMID- 962671
TI  - Biomicroscopical choroidoscopy (uveoscopy) and transillumination gonioscopy.
AB  - A fiber optic sleeve that fits over a Goldmann three-mirror lens, as well as an
      independent cable used in conjunction with the Goldmann lens, are described for
      transillumination biomicroscopical examination of the anterior chamber angle and
      the uvea. High-intensity retroillumination is provided to the anterior and
      posterior segments of the globe without production of heat to the eye. Present
      clinical uses as well as possible future research with the instruments are
      discussed.

PMID- 962672
TI  - A recalcitrant corneal ulcer.

PMID- 962673
TI  - Letter: Alkali retinopathy.

PMID- 962674
TI  - Letter: "Atypical angiomatosis retinae".

PMID- 962675
TI  - Letter: Role of the general ophthalmologist.

PMID- 962677
TI  - Letter: Incontinentia pigmenti.

PMID- 962676
TI  - Letter: Choroidoscopy.

PMID- 962678
TI  - Letter: Whither neuro-ophthalmology.

PMID- 962679
TI  - Letter: Binocular fixation pattern.

PMID- 962680
TI  - Letter: Punctal stenosis-caused by idoxuridine or acrodermatitis enteropathica?

PMID- 962681
TI  - [Experimental examinations in plate-prebending--a contribution to the
      biomechanics of compression osteosynthesis (author's transl)].
AB  - The rigid fixation of bone fragments by compression osteosynthesis with plate
      produces a high degree of resistance against bending forces, and over the surface
      friction against rotatory movements. In this way, a uniform distribution of
      pressure extending over the whole bone section is effected. But by virtue of the
      asymmetric positioning of the plate on bone-shaft, a torque effect is caused when
      strain is applied bringing about a distraction of the cortex on the side opposite
      the plate. Human femoral and tibial specimens would be osteomatized and then
      stabilized with AO plate adapted to conform to the surface of the bones, under a
      tension of 70 and 140 kp. With narrow plates having a inferior rigidity there is
      a greater distraction than is the cause with the wide plates. To compensate
      against the torque effect, the plates would be prebent. Two measuring methods
      would be investigate by which the correlation between prestraining and prebending
      could be determined. To achieve a constant distribution of pressure the narrow
      plates would have to be prebent to a greater degree than the wide ones, and the
      DC plates more than the standard plates.

PMID- 962682
TI  - [Release of antibiotics from bone cement and penetration to infected cortical
      bone (author's transl)].
AB  - Addition of antibiotics to bone cement is used more and more in orthopedics and
      traumatology. Indications are discussed: 1. infection prophylaxis in replacement
      arthroplasty, 2. therapy and recidive prophylaxis in infected arthroplasty, 3.
      therapy of chronic osteomyelitis. Our own experiments show release of antibiotics
      from bone cement Palacos and penetration into cortical bone after experimental
      osteomyelitis. Carbenicillin and Cephalotin show high level of concentration for
      2 weeks, after 3 weeks there is no concentration evident. Lincomycin and
      Gentamycin in the first days show high tissue levels, after decrease and increase
      again after second week. Gentamycin was examined during 10 months showing high
      levels after this time.

PMID- 962683
TI  - Indomethacin-induced delayed fracture healing.
AB  - A patient with an ankle joint fracture-dislocation was preoperatively treated
      with indomethacin. As in previous animal experiments, indomethacin was found to
      have an inhibitory effect on bone formation. It is suggested that indomethacin
      should be used with caution if periosteal fracture healing is anticipated.

PMID- 962684
TI  - [The dependence of the removal torque of a leg screw a screw surface and
      implantation time (author's transl)].
AB  - The experiment was performed on 17 sheep tibiae in vivo. 4.5 mm ASIF leg screws
      with a constant insertion torque (68.6 Ncm) but different surfaces (smooth or
      rough) were removed after 3 s, 7, 28, 56 and 112 days after insertion. The screws
      with a rough surface which were implanted for 28 days and longer exhibited a
      significantly greater removal torque. For instance rough screws which were
      implanted for 112 days displayed a removal torque eight times greater than after
      3 s.

PMID- 962685
TI  - [Structure and solidity of new bone in a cortical gliding hole by implanted leg
      screw (author's transl)].
AB  - Leg screws were implanted in 30 tibia diaphysis. 112 days later in the gliding
      hole there was new lamellar bone round of the screw head, neck of screw and into
      the both first screw threads. After screw explantation we measured in 8 cases the
      solidity of the new bone. Under conditions of tension measurement, we use 341 N
      per millimeter cortical thread surfaces to put out all new bone from the gliding
      hole. The results of these tension measurements were cylindric fragments. The
      remodelling into the gliding hole seems to be the results of static stress and
      dynamic compensation for reaching a defect in living cortical bone.

PMID- 962686
TI  - [Hyperextending ruptures of vessels in course of arthroplasties of the hip and
      knee (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors referred specific complications in the course of arthroplasties of
      the hip and of the knee: hyper-extending-ruptures of vessels in sequence of
      indirect lesions. Causes of these so far not described complications are extreme
      passive articulations of hip respectively knee during operation. Clinical
      symptoms are enumerated, the pathogenetic mechanisms explicated and directions
      for treatment given. Important are the knowledge of these complications and the
      measure for their prophylaxis.

PMID- 962687
TI  - [Causes and treatment of delayed callusformation and pseudarthrosis following
      fractures of the shaft of the humerus (author's transl)].
AB  - In the OHH, during the years 1969 to 1974, 28 patients were operatively treated
      because of delayed callusformation or pseud-arthrosis, following a fracture of
      the shaft of the humerus. It was possible to inquire about and to re-examine 20
      patients. The operative treatment had, when possible been achieved by
      osteosynthesis through plates (25 cases). Each of the so treated cases lead to
      healing of the bone, additional nerve lesion did not in one case occur because of
      the operation. Objectively seen, there existed in 7 patients a slight, final
      restriction of movements, for the abduction and outside rotation in the shoulder
      joint. 6 patients complained of being sensitive to weather changes. The different
      treatment method of the fracture of the humerus and pseudarthrosis was discussed.

PMID- 962688
TI  - [Chronic recurrent dislocation of the elbow joint (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper discusses 3 recurrent dislocations of the elbow joint. As possible
      cause for the etiology of the dislocation the author offers the post-traumatic
      flattening of the semilunar notch of the ulna. In 2 cases, a successful repair
      using the Kapel procedure was performed.

PMID- 962689
TI  - [Technique for allogeneic transplantation of knee joint (author's transl)].
AB  - Ever since Lexer's first attempts to remedy destroyed knee-joints by
      transplanting homioplastic material, the cup joint transplantation as developed
      by Pap and Krompecher has proved to be expedient and suitable thanks to the
      recent work performed by Wolkow. In order to assure that the process is safe from
      the mechanical standpoint, i.e. guarantee an accurate fit of the transplant to
      the recipient joint portion, in particular in the femur condyle area, the author
      has developed a method whereby the joint cups are cut rut of the donor material
      in accordance with pre-produced patterns and the oecipient joint portion is
      shaped to the correct form by means of similar patterns produced on the basis of
      X-rays.

PMID- 962690
TI  - [Clinical experiences with a new total wrist prosthesis (author's transl)].
AB  - For many individuals the preservation of wrist motion is essential for
      augmentation of fine motor control of the hand and fingers. When significant
      functional disability exists at the wrist, currently available surgical treatment
      includes soft tissue arthroplasty, carpectomy, or arthrodesis. A total wrist
      joint has recently been developed which offers the patient the potential of a
      pain-free, stable, and mobile wrist. Based upon the principles of total joint
      replacement as applied to the hip and knee, the prosthesis is secured to the
      carpus and radius with methylmethacrylate cement following removal of the
      navicular, lunate, and head of the capitate. The configuration of the prosthesis
      interface provides for the two planes of motion normally seen at the wrist; 90
      degrees of flexion and extension and 50 degrees of radial ulnar deviation are
      permitted by the design. Candidates for total wrist replacement are patients who
      exhibit far advanced disease at the wrist and who might be considered for
      arthrodesis, but in whom the permanent loss of motion would represent a
      significant handicap. To date, 20 prostheses have been inserted in 17 patients.
      The longest follow-up is 14 months. All but 2 patients have gained a useful range
      of motion. All patients have noted dramatic relief of pain and deformity,
      permitting them to perform tasks which were preoperatively impossible.

PMID- 962691
TI  - [The importance, indication and operative technique of dorsal synovectomy of the
      knee joint in rheumatic diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - From a logical basis, it is reasonable to postulate that a synovectomy must be
      maximally as complete as possible. The indications and operative technique of
      radical synovectomy of the dorsal part of the knee joint are presented. The
      statistically significant improvement of the results of knee synovectomy by an
      additional dorsal approach is referred to.

PMID- 962692
TI  - [Vascular complications following alloplastic hip replacement (author's transl)].
AB  - Two patients with complications of the pelvic vessels have been seen at our
      institution after total hip replacement. One had a false aneurysmn of the deep
      femoral artery, the other presented an arterio-venous fistula. Causes, symptomes
      and diagnosis of vascular complications during hip replacement are reviewed.

PMID- 962693
TI  - [Differentialdiagnostic of the kneearthrography: bursa--ganglion--capsule rupture
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Based on 600 arthrogramms physiologic recessus is compared with ganglion for
      differential-diagnostic purposes. The great variance between small and big
      recessus of the regio genu posterior will be demonstrated. Flexion of the knee
      joint favour confusion with ganglion. The radiologic and differential diagnostic
      valuable criteria of the physiologic recessus and ganglion is shown. Finally the
      characteristics of Baker's cyst as well as posterior capsule rupture are
      discussed.

PMID- 962694
TI  - [Statistical analysis of congenital hip dysplasia is not possible in the first
      months of life! (author's transl)].
AB  - The question whether congenital hip dysplasia can be defined statistically has
      been raised again by Kristen, Dorda and Zweymuller. These authors believe that a
      definition is possible by statistical methods. Compiling a normal material for
      statistical evaluation, however, needs a clinical separation of normal and
      dysplastic joints before. And this--in our opinion--is not possible during the
      first half year of life. The only possible way is a long-term follow-up. In our
      own investigation children with higher acetabular indices have been followed up
      to 5 years and more. Only by this clinical evaluation is it possible to say which
      joints have developed normally and which have not. This is a clinical diagnosis
      of hip dysplasia, not a statistical.

PMID- 962695
TI  - [Scoring system for evaluation of severity and progress of chronic posttraumatic
      osteomyelitis (author's transl)].
AB  - From the anamnestic data of 50 patients suffering from chronic posttraumatic
      osteomyelitis a severity scoring system was developed, based on the duration of
      the disease, the time of hospitalization and the number of surgical
      interventions. The clinical course of 18 patients, undergoing an autovaccination
      treatment, was registered by another scoring system ("Munich-Murnau-Scale")
      regarding wound morphology, bone radiology and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

PMID- 962696
TI  - Experimental evaluation of a new implant material in frontal sinus obliteration:
      a preliminary report.
AB  - Frontal osteoplasty with exogenous material has been uniformly unsuccessful both
      experimentally and clinically. Our experiment was designed to test the long-term
      behavior of a new poly (tetrafluoroethylene)-carbon fiber implant material
      (Proplast) in a canine frontal sinus model. Varying conditions such as removal of
      the sinus mucoperiosteum, closure of the nasofrontal ducts, exposure of dura
      mater, and cerebrospinal fluid leaks were studied at intervals up to one year.
      Proplast was 100% successful in obliteration of the canine frontal sinus. The
      ultraporous nature allowed rapid vascularization, collagen ingrowth, and new bone
      formation, and led to stabilization rather than sequestration. Frontal
      obliteration with Proplast may be clinically superior to osteoplasty with any
      other presently available exogenous material or with osteoneogenesis alone, and
      may even obviate the few complications encountered with adipose implants. Only
      longer range experimental and clinical evaluation will provide the answer.

PMID- 962697
TI  - Dermoid cysts of the head and neck in children.
AB  - The sporadic occurrence of several dermoid cysts of the head and neck in children
      led us to investigate the relative incidence in a series of 594 epidermal cysts
      in which 33 such lesions were found. We review the classification of dermoid
      cysts according to their embryogenesis and location to help avert diagnostic or
      therapeutic pitfalls. This study emphasizes the importance of adequate general
      anesthesia and excision of these interesting lesions.

PMID- 962698
TI  - When the weeping stopped: an otologist views otorrhea and gentamicin.
AB  - Gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic solution, 0.3%, was used ototopically in the
      treatment of 300 patients with otorrhea associated with acute and chronic ear
      conditions and to obtain a preoperative "dry state" in 93 cases in which surgical
      operation was indicated. Bacterial cultures, antibiograms, and audiometric tests
      were conducted before, during, and after ototopical therapy. Gentamicin
      susceptible pathogens were isolated in all cases. A totally "dry state", after
      three weeks of therapy, was considered evidence of clinical success.
      Administration of gentamicin was by means of a wick or at the rate of 0.3 to 0.4
      ml twice daily. Clinical success was observed in 271 cases. There were no signs
      of ototoxicity and only one reported instance of skin reaction. This simple,
      inexpensive treatment is particularly adaptable to situations in which
      specialized bacteriological testing facilities are unavailable and a broad
      spectrum antibiotic is indicated.

PMID- 962699
TI  - Investigation of the mesotympanum's reaction to silastic and gelatin film.
AB  - The section of the cat's mesotympanum, denuded of mucosa, to Silastic and gelatin
      film was studied and compared with the contralateral control ear, which was also
      denuded of mucosa. The ears were studied by horizontal pathological sections
      taken one, two, four, and six months post-lympanotomy and insertion of either
      gelatin film or Silastic. The Silastic, gelatin film and control ears were
      compared for inflammatory reaction, amount of fibrosis, and the quality and
      quantity of mucosal regeneration. The inflammatory reaction was increased in the
      ears with Silastic compared with their corresponding control ears or to the ears
      with gelatin film. The amount of fibrosis and the quality and quantity of mucosal
      regeneration was essentially the same in the Silastic, gelatin film, and control
      ears. This study shows that both substances are well tolerated in the middle ear
      and that neither substance stimulated or inhibited the regrowth of mucosa or
      fibrous tissue when compared with the control.

PMID- 962700
TI  - Mycobacterium fortuitum mastoiditis.
AB  - Improved techniques of bacteriologic identification have led to increasing
      recognition of the clinical significance of the atypical or anomymous
      mycobacteria. Mycobacterium fortuitum, included in group IV of Runyon's
      classification because of its characteristic rapid growth, is widespread in
      nature as a saprophyte. Its facultative pathogenicity has received increasing
      attention in the literature recently with reports of a number of isolated
      infections, epidemics, and deaths. We report a case of mastoiditis due to M
      fortuitum and discuss the pathogenesis and treatment. This is the first known
      report of the organism causing otolaryngologic disease.

PMID- 962701
TI  - Radiation-induced salivary gland tumors: report of a case.
AB  - I discuss radiation-induced salivary gland tumors, with special emphasis on those
      tumors thought to be secondary to childhood head and neck irradiation for benign
      diseases. I report such a case and review the literature. Statistically, 77.6% of
      irradiation-induced tumors occur in the parotid gland and 22.4% in the
      submaxillary and minor salivary glands. A greater proportion of malignant tumors
      are noted in the submaxillary and minor salivary glands. At present, there is no
      demonstrable relationship between tumor occurrence and the amount of radiation
      recieved. Young children are more susceptible to irradiation-induced salivary
      tumors than older individuals.

PMID- 962702
TI  - Porencephalic cyst of the mastoid.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy developed a porencephalic cyst of the mastoid in conjunction
      with otitic meningitis and cerebrospinal otorrhea. A defect of the tegmen tympani
      allowed extrusion of the cyst into the antrum and the mesotympanum. The otorrhea
      was controlled by closure of the defect. Our review of 251 cases in the
      literature showed no prior incidence of mastoid involvement by a porencephalic
      cyst.

PMID- 962703
TI  - Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the temporal bone.
AB  - Metastatic carcinoma involving the temporal bone is an unusual occurrence. A
      review of the world literature reveals a total of 102 reported cases. Secondary
      cancers of the temporal bone arise most frequently from mammary, renal, and
      bronchogenic carcinomas, all of which show a tendency to metastasize to bone. The
      pathogenesis of spread to the temporal bone is most commonly by the hematogenous
      route, but extension from intracranial involvement has also been noted. The
      symptoms of facial nerve paralysis, otalgia, and aural discharge are consistently
      associated with patients found to have aural cancers. These symptoms are,
      however, most frequently indicative of mastoid infection; it is therefore,
      imperative to consider the possibility of a malignant neoplasm in patients with
      these symptoms.

PMID- 962704
TI  - Perichondritis of the ear as a complication of acupuncture.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman developed pain, tenderness, and swelling at the site where a
      short acupuncture needle had been placed in the helix of the pinna.
      Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from this LESION. Which was treated with
      removal of the needle and intravenously administered nafcillin. The patient
      recovered completely and had no scarring.

PMID- 962705
TI  - Pathologic quiz case: recurrent fibrous dysplasia of left frontal bone.

PMID- 962706
TI  - Plasma corticosterone levels during recovery from LiCl produced taste aversions.

PMID- 962707
TI  - Stabilization of photically evoked after-discharge activity: control procedures
      and effects of classical trace conditioning.

PMID- 962708
TI  - Kindling rates in inbred mice: an analog to learning?

PMID- 962709
TI  - Factors influencing the choice of fixed-level ear in the ABLB test.
AB  - The use of the worse ear as the fixed-intensity one in the ABLB test has been
      recommended. This recommendation has been criticised on three grounds. The
      present work studies these arguments, both theoretically and in light of recent
      experimental and clinical data, in terms of accuracy of results and of various
      operational and empirical factors. It is concluded that for achieving each
      loudness balance it is markedly better to follow the recommendation to keep the
      worse ear at a fixed intensity and to vary the intensities delivered to the
      better ear.

PMID- 962710
TI  - Masking level difference: another tool for the evaluation of peripheral and
      cortical defects.
AB  - Masking level difference (MLD) due to binaural unmasking was measured for speech
      signals (5-word meaningful sentences) masked by broad-band noise. Tests were
      carried out in a group of patients with unilateral cerebral lesions of vascular
      origin and apparently normal pure-tone audiograms (CNS patients), in a control
      group (normally hearing young adults) and in 5 other groups of patients
      (conductive symmetrical hearing loss, conductive asymmetrical hearing loss,
      bilateral presbyacusis, unilateral sudden deafness, Meniere's disease). Testing
      pattern implied three or more S/N ratios in the listening conditions, of SmNm,
      Sdelta tNo and SmNu (noise correlated), and the speech signal intensity was 70 dB
      SPL re 20 muPa for the control group, whilst for the pathological cases, speech
      level intensities were established by means of alternate binaural loudness
      balance and simultaneous balancing median-plane localization procedures to assess
      subjective suprathreshold sound image localization at the midline. The results
      obtained in the control group and in the patients are discussed. With specific
      reference to the CNS patients, a statistically significant tendency was evident
      for the binaural condition to produce more MLD when the ear leading in time was
      ipsilateral to the normal hemisphere. The importance of this and of sensitized
      speech testing methods in CNS disorders is discussed on the basis of the results
      obtained in the CNS patients.

PMID- 962711
TI  - Tracking of complex binaural images.
AB  - Subjects were presented with an initially stationary binaural image formed by the
      fusion of two identical pulses, without interaural time difference (ITD), at the
      two ears. The image was then made to traverse the subject's auditory perceptual
      space by introducing ITD, varying linearly with time, under computer control. The
      direction of movement, i.e. towards the right or left ear, could be reversed by
      the listener, by pressing a button. Subjects were requested to keep the image
      central, by pressing the button when they judged that deviation from subjective
      centre had occurred. Experiments of this type can be considered as analogous to
      Bekesy audiometry, where the subject automatically traces his threshold of
      hearing, in that here the listener traces out his auditory perceptual centre as
      it varies with time. Hence, equivalent analyses to those employed for Bekesy
      audiometry are possible. Subsequent to the initial part of the experiment, an
      additional pulse was added to one channel, preceding the original pulse, to form
      a pulse pair. The monaural masking of the original pulse by this additional pulse
      thus acts to shift the pre-existing binaural image. The effect of varying the
      amplitude and onset time of the masking pulse, relative to the original pulse, on
      the Bekesy-type trace was examined.

PMID- 962712
TI  - [Early potentials evoked by acoustic stimuli: further results (author's transl)].
AB  - The research work carried out during the last years explains only partially the
      true nature of the short-latency (less than 50 ms) auditory evoked responses
      (PEP) in man. Widespread support is given to the hypothesis suggesting a double
      origin: myogenic and cortical with varying predominance between the two according
      to the position of the active electrodes and the stimulation parameters. PEP
      appears to have different characteristics according to the electrode coupling,
      i.e. inion-lobe, vertex-parietal, and vertex-mastoid. Experiments carried out on
      normally hearing subjects, on subjects with normal hearing but with marked
      vestibular signs, and on subjects with severe hearing loss and normal vestibular
      findings show that the presence of auditory function is one of the essential
      conditions for the generation of the PEP. Conversely, no influence on PEP is
      apparent following simultaneous and bilateral inhibition of the steady action
      potential of the ampullary nerve. Whichever the theoretical origin of the PEP is,
      it may be concluded that, since the results obtained during the clinical work are
      still incomplete and controversial, it is not possible to consider the PEP as a
      true expression of the vestibular function.

PMID- 962713
TI  - Intensity and frequency discrimination monitored by evoked response audiometry:
      clinical application.
AB  - Delta 1 and delta f repetitive stimuli superimposed on continuous 0.5-, 1- and 4
      kHz carrier tones were administered to 20 normally hearing persons, 8 adults with
      sensorineural hearing loss, 10 adults with conductive hearing loss and 22
      children subjected to evoked response audiometry (ERA) for assessment of hearing
      acuity. The intensity modulation depth ranged from + 1 to 10 dB. In the subjects
      with normal hearing and in the adult patients, three carrier tone levels were
      used whenever possible: 20, 40, and 60 dB SL. The frequency modulation depth
      ranged from -1 to -10% of the carrier tone frequency. The same levels for the
      carrier tone were used: 20, 40, and 60 dB SL. With a carrier tone level of 20 dB
      SL, a clear-cut vertex response was noted in 80% of the tests carried out in the
      normal adults with 5-dB delta i stimuli and with delta f stimuli of -3 to -5% in
      magnitude; the same figures are valid for the patients with sensorineural and
      conductive hearing loss. The patients with sensorineural hearing loss showed a
      tendency to give vertex responses with lower delta i stimuli than subjects with
      normal hearing. However, this difference was not statistically significant.
      According to our results, the children tested can be roughly divided into two
      groups, the first including subjects with responses to delta i stimuli of +5 and
      +10 dB and delta f stimuli of -5% and -10%; the second group including subjects
      with no clear-cut responses to these stimuli.

PMID- 962714
TI  - Influence of tonic reflex activities on the slow auditory evoked potential.
AB  - Possible influences of tonic reflex activities on the slow auditory evoked
      potential were investigated. For this purpose, the slow auditory evoked potential
      was picked up in 18 volunteers with normal hearing in relaxed position and in
      postures corresponding to reflex-induced positions and in 15 patients with
      cerebral palsy (CP) in tonic reflex patterns. No influence on latency for N120
      and P215 due to postures could be observed. Latency within CP patients was age
      dependent. The effect of the reflex-inhibiting pattern (RIP) - the pattern
      inhibiting tonic reflex activity in CP patients as far as possible - on potential
      amplitude was different in the two groups. The effect of RIP in CP patients was
      comparable to the relaxed position in volunteers. This difference points toward
      an influence of tonic reflex activity on the slow auditory evoked potential.

PMID- 962715
TI  - The acoustic reflex at low sensation levels.
AB  - The acoustic stapedial reflex, which normally occurs at a hearing level of about
      80 dB, can be detected at lower levels by means of preactivation. Two techniques
      are presented, which allow the detection of reflex activity at intensities from
      30 to 50 dB HL. It was the authors' intention to find a way to determine the
      hearing threshold from the stapedius reflex threshold even in patients, in whom
      the hearing threshold was not horizontal.

PMID- 962716
TI  - High-sulphur proteins from alpha-keratins. I. Heterogeneity of the proteins from
      mouse hair.
AB  - The heterogeneity of the reduced and S-carboxymethylated high-sulphur protein
      fraction from mouse hair has been examined by chromatography and polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis at pH values above and below the isoelectric region.
      Considerable heterogeneity is observed both in size (molecular weight range 12000
      45000) and in charge. Amino acid analysis of a number of column chromatographic
      fractions shows the high-sulphur proteins to be largely composed of proteins with
      a carboxymethylcysteine content above 25 residues and a pronounced heterogeneity
      in arginine content. Their chromatographic behaviour is similar to that observed
      for the ultra-high-sulphur proteins from wool.

PMID- 962717
TI  - Solid-phase assay for luteinizing hormone in mouse plasma.
AB  - A solid-phase tube assay for measuring LH levels in mouse plasma is described.
      The assay utilizes an antiserum to ovine LH and ovine LH standards and it
      measures LH levels in 20 mul of plasma with a sensitivity of less than 0.6 ng/ml.
      Various parameters affecting the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were
      investigated. Serial dilutions of plasma from pregnant mice, a pituitary
      homogenate from mice and plasma from hypophysectomized mice, injected
      subcutaneously with ovine LH, ran parallel with ovine LH standards in plasma from
      hypophysectomized mice and plasma with low LH levels from intact mice. Ovine TSH
      showed about 12% cross reaction in the assay system, whilst rat FSH and prolactin
      and also ovine FSH, prolactin and GH showed practically no cross reaction.
      Measurements of plasma LH levels have been made in hypophysectomzied mice after
      injection with different vehicles containing 10 or 50 mug LH or 50 mug FSH per
      animal. Daily measurements of LH levels throughout pregnancy in the mouse show a
      rise in LH level prior to implantationand a further rise around mid-pregnancy
      which drops off sharply to levels which remain fairly constant until parturition
      when there is another rise.

PMID- 962718
TI  - High-sulphur proteins from alpha-keratins. II. Isolation and partial
      characterization of purified components from mouse hair.
AB  - The present paper continues the study of the reduced and S-carboxymethylated high
      sulphur proteins from mouse hair. Fractions have been obtained in a substantially
      purified form by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate at pH 6,
      followed by ion exchange chromatography on cellulose phosphate at pH 2.6.
      Approximately 80% by weight of the high-sulphur proteins fall into the ultra-high
      sulphur category (carboxymethylcysteine content greater than 26 residues per 100
      residues), and they cover a molecular weight range of 17000-28000. The components
      show a remarkable diversity in amino acid composition; for example the contents
      of arginine and glycine each vary by about 3:1. The remainder of the proteins
      contain 17-20 residues per 100 residues of carboxymethylcysteine, are smaller in
      size (molecular weight 11500), and also show great diversity in overall amino
      acid composition. Molecular weights were determined by chromatography on
      controlled-pore glass and confirmed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and
      Sepharose 6B. A comparison of the results suggests that the values obtained
      should be reliable to within 10%.

PMID- 962719
TI  - In vitro culture, storage and transfer of goat embryos.
AB  - Goat embryos collected 5 and 7 days after mating, were cultured in vitro at 37
      degrees C for 2 days, or stored at 5 degrees C for 1 or 2 days and then cultured
      for 2 days, or stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) for 2-4 weeks and then
      cultured for 1 day. After culture some of the embryos were transferred to
      recipient does. Culture and storage was carried out in Dulbecco phosphate buffer
      enriched with 25% goat serum. 1M glycerol or 2M dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was
      added to the media used for frozen storage. Thirteen of 15 embryos cultured
      without prior storage showed apparently normal development in culture. Ten of the
      13 were transferred and five kids were born. Twenty of 38 embryos stored at 5
      degrees C developed in culture and six kids were born following the transfer of
      17 embryos. Duration of storage at 5 degrees C had no marked effect upon
      subsequent development. Six of 48 frozen stored embryos developed in culture. All
      six were transferred and three kids were born.

PMID- 962720
TI  - Repression, derepression and activation of nitrogenase in Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - Ammonium ion repressed nitrogenase in cells fixing N2 gas. Immunological tests
      and electrophoresis in various gels show that components I (Fe-Mo-S protein) was
      completely repressed by ammonium, whereas component II (Fe-S protein) apoprotein
      was not markedly affected. Component II from ammonium-grown cells, however, was
      inactive since it did not cross react with component I to reduce C2H2 to C2H4.
      The inactive component II apoprotein is immunologically identical to its active
      counterpart from cells fixing N2. Identical protein patterns were also observed
      in various gel-electrophoresis systems. Oxygen-inactivated component II may be
      reactivated with FeSo4. This salt is preferable to ferrous ammonium sulphate
      which inactivated component I. Immunodiffusion under aerobic conditions shows
      that purified component I is composed of aggregated and non-aggregated forms
      which are antigenically distinct. The aggregate was dissociated by treatment with
      sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) into a single antigenic species which was further
      resolved into two subunits on SDS disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 962721
TI  - Production of endogenous acetate by the liver in lactating ewes.
AB  - The production of endogenous acetate by the liver has been investigated in
      lactating ewes using animals with indwelling arterial, and portal and hepatic
      venous cannulae. The capacity of the liver to produce acetate from acetyl-CoA in
      vitro has also been examined using homogenates prepared from liver biopsy
      samples. Mean arterial, portal and hepatic venous blood acetate concentrations in
      four ewes at 4 weeks lactation were 0.40, 1.00 and 1.46 mM respectively. The mean
      exogenous and endogenous acetate production rates were 56 and 54 mmol/h
      respectively, giving a total of 110 MMOL/h. The mean portal-hepatic venous
      difference in free fatty acid concentration was 81 muM. Converting this uptake of
      free fatty acids by the liver (based on palmitate as a standard) to 2-carbon
      equivalents, the acetate produced accounted for 70% of the fatty acids taken up.
      The correlation coefficient (r2) between uptake of free fatty acids and
      production of acetate by the liver was 0.83 (P less than 0.01). Calculation of
      the net acetate production in vivo gave a mean value for the production of
      acetate of 0.75 nmol/min. Calculation of the in vitro enzymic capacity of the
      liver to produce acetate from acetyl-CoA gave a mean of 0.94 mmol/min. These
      results indicate that enzymic production of acetate from acetyl-CoA, via
      carnitine acetyltransferase and acetylcarnitine hydrolase (see Costa and Snoswell
      1975a), can adequately account for the substantial production of acetate by the
      liver in lactating ewes.

PMID- 962722
TI  - Studies on monotreme proteins. VII. Amino acid sequence of myoglobin from the
      platypus, Ornithoryhynchus anatinus.
AB  - Myoglobin isolated from skeletal muscle of the platypus contains 153 amino acid
      residues. The complete amino acid sequence has been determined following cleavage
      with cyanogen bromide and further digestion of the four fragments with trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, pepsin and thermolysin. Sequences of the purified peptides were
      determined by the dansyl-Edman procedure. The amino acid sequence showed 25
      differences from human myoglobin and 24 from kangaroo myoglobin. Amino acid
      sequences in myoglobins are more conserved than sequences in the alpha- and beta
      globin chains, and platypus myoglobin shows a similar number of variations in
      sequence to kangaroo myoglobin when compared with myoglobin of other species. The
      date of divergence of the platypus from other mammals was estimated at 102 +/- 31
      million years, based on the number of amino acid differences between species and
      allowing for mutations during the evolutionary period. This estimate differs
      widely from the estimate given by similar treatment of the alpha- and beta-chain
      sequences and a constant rate of mutation of globin chains is not supported.

PMID- 962723
TI  - Haemoglobins of the shark, Heterodontus portusjacksoni II. Amino acid sequence of
      the alpha-chain.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the alpha-chain of the principal haemoglobin from the
      shark, H. portusjacksoni has been determined. The chain has 148 residues and is
      acetylated at the amino terminal. The soluble peptides obtained by tryptic and
      chymotryptic digestion of the protein or its cyanogen bromide fragments were
      isolated by gel filtration, paper ionophoresis and paper chromatography. The
      amino acid sequences were determined by the dansyl-Edman procedure. The insoluble
      "core" peptide from the tryptic digestion contained 34 residues and required
      cleavage by several prosteases before the sequence was established. Compared with
      human alpha-chain there are 88 amino acid differences including the additional
      seven residues which appear on the amino terminal of the shark chain. There is
      also one deletion and one insertion. The chain contains no tryptophan but has
      four cysteinyl residues which is the highest number of such residues recorded for
      a vertebrate globin.  In the alpha1beta1 contact sites there are four changes in
      the oxyhaemoglobin form and six deoxy form. Nine of the 16, alpha1beta1 contact
      sites show variation while three of the haem contact sites have changed in
      comparison to the residues known to be involved in these interactions in horse
      haemoglobin alpha-chain. Use of the sequence data to estimate a time of
      divergence of the shark from the main vertebrate line yielded the value of 410 +/
      46 million years. The data, in general, support the palaeontological view that
      bony fishes arose before the elasmobranchs.

PMID- 962724
TI  - Insect-control chemicals from plants. III. Toxic lignans from Libocedrus
      bidwillii.
AB  - Feeding tests showed that the powdered dried leaves and leaf extracts of L.
      bidwilli are toxic to the larvae of the housefly (Musca domestica), and the
      codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella). The powdered material was not toxic to the
      light-brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana). The most active toxin is the
      lignan beta-peltatin-A methyl ether (II) and at a concentration of 100 ppm in a
      chemically defined diet it gave 98% mortality of housefly larvae.

PMID- 962725
TI  - Play materials and toys in the education of young children.

PMID- 962726
TI  - Problems encountered in the diagnosis of galactosaemia.

PMID- 962727
TI  - A five year survey of small for dates infants for chromosomal abnormalities.

PMID- 962728
TI  - Health Survey - disadvantaged schools.

PMID- 962729
TI  - Corticosteroids and avascular necrosis of the femoral head in childhood.

PMID- 962730
TI  - Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice in Chinese, Malay and Indian infants.

PMID- 962731
TI  - A complication of Gaviscon in a neonate - "the Gavisconoma".

PMID- 962732
TI  - Childhood urinary canddiasis successfully treated with 5-fluorocytosine.

PMID- 962733
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in systemic Candida albicans infection
      treated successfully with heparin and prothrombin concentrate.

PMID- 962734
TI  - Some physical characteristics, including pock marks, tattoos and disabilities, of
      convict boys transported to Australia from Britain c.1840.

PMID- 962735
TI  - Pulmonary diseases of cattle in the Kimberley District of Western Australia.
AB  - A survey of pulmonary disease in cattle slaughtered in the Kimberley district of
      Western Australia, incidental to the monitoring of lungs for contagious bovine
      pleuropneumonia (CBPP), was initiated in 1969. The results of the first 3 years
      are reported and indicate the complete absence of CBPP, the occurrence of
      actinobacillosis as the most common pulmonary lesion, the existence of
      phycomycosis in a few lungs each year, the frequent presence of subacute and
      chronic bronchopneumonias and interstitial pneumonias possibly as sequelae of
      actinobacillosis, tuberculosis and the pneumomycoses, and the relatively low
      incidence of fibrinous and necrotic pneumonias of other bacterial origin.

PMID- 962736
TI  - Vaccination of lambs against infection with Taenia ovis.
AB  - A trial was designed to test the efficacy of vaccination of lambs against field
      challenge with T. ovis eggs using 3 different levels of pasture contamination.
      Three concentric paddocks (1.62 hectares each) were used and the inner paddock
      was heavily contaminated with T. ovis eggs by tethering 2 dogs, experimentally
      infected with T. ovis, at 5 different points in the paddock over a period of 1
      month. Four groups of lambs were used. Sixty lambs, from a property known to be
      free of T. ovis for 2 years previously, were divided into 2 groups of 30 each;
      one group was vaccinated with T. ovis culture antigen (vaccinated group=V) while
      the other was vaccinated with culture medium without antigen (sham-vaccinated
      group=SV). Thirty mature sheep were obtained from a property with a recent record
      of T. ovis infection (previous natural exposure to infection group=PNE) and 15
      lambs were artificially reared from birth under cestode-egg-free conditions
      (artificially reared groups= AR). Ten animals from groups V, SV, and PNE, and 5
      AR lambs were grazed on each of the 3 concentric paddocks for 6 weeks, and then
      all animals were slaughtered and their total muscle mass (including heart,
      diaphragm, tongue and masseters) examined, by slicing, for T. ovis cysticerci.
      The mean total numbers of T. ovis cysticerci recovered were as follows: Inner
      paddock, PNE 45.5, AR 47.6, SV 107.8, V 6.5; Middle paddock, PNE 5.2, AR 9.0, SV
      8.2, V 0.3; Outer paddock, PNE 2.9, AR 2.8, SV 2.3, V 0.2. There were 4 major
      conclusions from this study. Firstly, vaccination was more effective than
      previous natural exposure to infection in preventing establishment of new
      cysticerci. Secondly, although vaccination effectively reduced the numbers of
      cysticerci, those that became established were mostly viable at the time of
      slaughter. In contrast, PNE sheep had greater numbers of cysticerci but the
      majority were degenerating. Vaccination, therefore, did not seem to stimulate a
      complete immunological response. Thirdly, the presence of T. hydatigena in lambs
      did not prevent subsequent infection with T. ovis. Fourthly, T. ovis eggs were
      dispersed from the inner paddock to the outer paddock.

PMID- 962737
TI  - Genetic resistance to Marek's disease.
AB  - A programme to control MD by genetic selection was tested by selecting breeding
      sires and dams whose progeny were found to have above average resistance to MD
      following inoculation at day old with infectious material. Under conditions of
      natural exposure, Australorp pullets from parents selected for resistance had a
      lower incidence of MD lesions than an unselected Australorp group. In
      experimentally challenged Australorp chickens the incidence of MD was
      significantly lower in progeny derived from mating resistant Australorp sires
      with unselected dams than in progeny from an unselected Australorp line. Under
      conditions of experimental and natural exposure to MD, crossbred chickens derived
      from resistant White Leghorn sires and Australorp dams had a lower incidence of
      MD lesions than the chickens derived from susceptible White Leghorn series and
      unselected Australorp dams.

PMID- 962738
TI  - Gastro-intestinal parasites of feral cats in New South Wales.
AB  - A total of 146 feral cats from several localities in New South Wales were
      examined for the presence of gastro-intestinal parasites. The cestodes recorded,
      and their prevalence, were Taenia taeniaeformis (21.9%), Spirometra erinacei
      (61.0%) and Dipylidium caninum (11.6%). One animal contained 31 T. serialis
      scolices considered to be the contents of a recently ingested Coenurus serialis.
      The common nematodes encountered and their prevalence were Toxocara cati (21.9%)
      and Ancylostoma spp (23.3%). Uncinaria stenocephala were found in 2 cats and a
      stomach wall tumour containing Cyathospirura dasyuridis was found in 1 cat, An
      acanthocephalan resembling Oncicola canis was the most prevalent parasite among
      feral cats in this survey. High burdens of S. erinacei, D. caninum, Ancylostoma
      spp and Oncicola sp were found. Samples from 4 localities in New South Wales were
      compared and there were major differences in the prevalence of T. taeniaeformis,
      D. caninum and T. cati. Ancylostoma spp occurred only in the Sydney (53.2%) and
      the Warren (4.8%) areas. Oncicola sp was not present in the Sydney area, but
      occurred in the Young area in 23.5% of the feral cats examined and in the Warren
      area (33.3%) and was most prevalent in the Menindee area (79.2%).

PMID- 962739
TI  - The comparative incidence of foot rot in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle.
AB  - Data on incidence of foot rot were collected over 2 years in a mixed herd of both
      Bos taurus and Bos indicus breed types. The level of infection was significantly
      higher in the Bos taurus breeds than in the Bos indicus breeds and raises the
      possibility of using resistant breeds where foot rot constitutes a major economic
      problem.

PMID- 962740
TI  - Dermal ulceration of mullet (Mugil cephalus).
AB  - Phycomycotic granulomas are described in the skin of 7 mullet (Mugil cephalus)
      from extensive outbreaks of dermal ulceration in fish in south-east Queensland.
      The fungus involved was probably a member of the Family Saprolegniaceae, but was
      not cultured from the lesions. A myxosporidian infection was present in some
      fish. The primary cause of the disease is uncertain.

PMID- 962741
TI  - Bilateral adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma in a premature calf.

PMID- 962742
TI  - Vascular hamartoma of the ovary in a cow.

PMID- 962743
TI  - Letter: balanitis and vulvo-vaginitis in sheep.

PMID- 962744
TI  - Letter: The occurrence of Eperythrozoon ovis in Queensland.

PMID- 962745
TI  - Letter: Postoperative lameness after the use of halothane as a general
      anaesthetic in horses.

PMID- 962746
TI  - Letter: Origin of toxicity in parasitised annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum).

PMID- 962747
TI  - Radionuclide studies of posterior fossa lesions in children.

PMID- 962748
TI  - Oral radiological evaluation of the biliary tract.

PMID- 962749
TI  - The pseudogallbladder--opacification of the duodenal cap at cholangiography.

PMID- 962750
TI  - Barium enema study in pelvic abscess.

PMID- 962751
TI  - When should we send in our rads to bat alone?

PMID- 962752
TI  - Ultrasonic evaluation of pelvic masses.

PMID- 962753
TI  - Incomplete urethral duplication.

PMID- 962754
TI  - Effects of testicular radiation.

PMID- 962755
TI  - Malformations of the hand associated with congenital heart lesions.

PMID- 962756
TI  - Angiographic findings in cerebrovascular accidents complicating congenital heart
      disease.

PMID- 962757
TI  - Skeletal changes in divers.

PMID- 962758
TI  - Rupture of the knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis a reminder in differential
      diagnosis.

PMID- 962759
TI  - Isolation of adenoviruses and reoviruses from avian species other than domestic
      fowl.
AB  - Adenoviruses and reoviruses were isolated from pigeons and mallard ducks. In
      addition, adenoviruses were isolated from budgerigars and a bantam and a reovirus
      was isolated from a turkey. Primary identification of these viruses was by
      electron-microscope examination. It was further possible to assign the 4
      adenoviruses to recognized fowl serotypes, and the reoviruses shared a common
      antigen with fowl reoviruses. These viruses were isolated from a variety of
      clinical conditions.

PMID- 962760
TI  - Effect of furazolidone in feed on immune response of turkeys vaccinated with live
      Pasteurella multocida in drinking water.
AB  - In 2 trials, turkey poults were fed diets containing 0.011% furazolidone: in one
      trial until 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days before vaccination with live Pasteurella
      multocida (CU) in the drinking water; and in a second trial with the furazolidone
      added to the diet 4 days before the vaccination or 1, 3 or 5 days after. This
      0.011% level of medication did not appear to reduce the immune response.

PMID- 962761
TI  - Further observations on the use of a bivalent bacterin against Haemophilus
      gallinarum.
AB  - Chickens vaccinated with two doses of a bivalent Haemophilus gallinarum bacterin
      were protected against seven strains of the organism. Vaccinated and unvaccinated
      birds with antibody to Mycoplasma gallisepticum had increased HI titers when
      challenged with H. gallinarum. Birds positive for antibody to Mycoplasma
      gallisepticum which were not challenged showed no increase in HI titer.

PMID- 962762
TI  - Congenital anomalies of domestic fowl: seven cases.
AB  - In 13,483 necropsies of domestic fowl, six anomalies were recorded: bifurcation
      of the metasternum, duplication of the ileum, pancreas divisum (partial), vesica
      fellea occulta, aplasia of the left cecum, and aplasia of the right kidney (2
      cases).

PMID- 962763
TI  - Isolation of Mycobacterium avium serotype 3 from a white-headed tree duck
      (Dendrocygna viduata).
AB  - Tuberculous lesions were observed at necropsy in the liver of 1 of 10 White
      headed Tree ducks (Dendrocygna viduata) imported from Nigeria. Microscopic
      examination revealed granulomas with acid-fast bacilli; Mycobacterium avium
      serotype 3 was isolated. Two chickens inoculated intraperitoneally with the
      isolant had gross and microscopic granulomas in the liver at necropsy 62 days
      after inoculation. Isolants from chickens were serologically similar to the
      strain isolated from the duck.

PMID- 962764
TI  - Air sac and renal mucormycosis in an African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus).
AB  - A case of mucormycosis in an African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus) involving
      air sac and kidney is described. The causal fungus, Absidia corymbifera, had
      produced sporangia in the air-sac lesion.

PMID- 962765
TI  - An outbreak of trematodiasis in domestic geese.
AB  - Losses greater than 3% were incurred in a large flock of domestic geese on summer
      pasture. Necropsy of the sick birds revealed no significant bacterial or viral
      isolates. The trematodes Echinostoma revolutum and Notocotylus attenuatus were
      present in considerable numbers, respectively in the small and large intestines.

PMID- 962766
TI  - Duck deaths from accidental ingestion of anthelmintic.

PMID- 962767
TI  - Enhancement of hemagglutinating activity of Haemophilus gallinarum by trypsin.
AB  - It is shown that hemagglutination (HA) activity of Haemophilus gallinarum is
      enhanced by trypsin. HA activation was more effective at 37 C than at room
      temperature.

PMID- 962768
TI  - Bilateral memory for monocular one-trial passive avoidance in chicks.

PMID- 962769
TI  - Pup attraction to lactating Sprague-Dawley rats.

PMID- 962770
TI  - Further studies concerning an experimentally induced labor division between rats.

PMID- 962771
TI  - Variations in postweaning environment and sensitivity to electric shock in male
      and female rats.

PMID- 962772
TI  - Penile movements and the sensory control of copulation in the rat.

PMID- 962773
TI  - Combined electroconvulsive shock and cycloheximide inhibition of brain protein
      synthesis in vivo.

PMID- 962774
TI  - Auditory stimulation of coturnix embryos Coturnix coturnix japonica and its later
      effect on auditory preferences.

PMID- 962775
TI  - Non-nurturent functions of mother-young interaction in the agouti (Dasyprocta
      punctata).

PMID- 962776
TI  - Intragastric water and the acquisition of schedule-induced drinking.

PMID- 962777
TI  - A miniaturized photocell assembly for monitoring heart rate in freely behaving
      Aplysia (Mollusca: Gastropoda).

PMID- 962778
TI  - Second year treatment outcome of alcoholics treated by individualized behavior
      therapy: results.

PMID- 962779
TI  - The learning theory model of neurosis--a new approach.

PMID- 962780
TI  - Obsessional-compulsive checking.

PMID- 962781
TI  - Moderate drinking as an alternative to alcohol abuse: a non-aversive procedure.

PMID- 962782
TI  - Antidepressive behaviour: a preliminary report.

PMID- 962783
TI  - A theoretical analysis of high and low therapeutic demands.

PMID- 962784
TI  - Effects of vicarious reward and punishment on social imitation in chronic
      psychotics.

PMID- 962785
TI  - Modification of excessive drinking by cue exposure.

PMID- 962786
TI  - Neuropsychological servosystems, consciousness, and the problem of embodiment.
AB  - Recent work in neurophysiology has begun to close the paradigmatic gap between
      neurophysiology and the psychology of embodied behavior and movement. The present
      paper surveys these developments, traces the origins of the split between
      neurophysiology and neuropsychology and suggests that recent work by Pribram may
      provide a link between the psychology of consciousness, the neurophysiology of
      movement, and the growing body of work on nonverbal communication.

PMID- 962787
TI  - [Influence of autolysis on the quantitative cytoarchitecture of rat hepatocytes.
      (An ultrastructural morphometric study) (author's transl)].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Autolysis is very often a reason for cell damage and is also super
      imposed on many other cell damages. Already one hour of autolysis causes serious
      changes in cell metabolism, which can be demonstrated morphometrically. MATERIAL
      AND METHODS: Experiments were made with 10 male adult Wistar rats. 5 animals were
      for control purposes and 5 animals had to undergo a 1-hour's autolysis. The
      morphometric analysis of the liver parenchymal cells was based on the information
      of Weibel et al. (1968) with the help of a computer program. RESULTS AND
      DISCUSSION: The consequence of the drop in energy caused by autolysis is an
      enlargement of the liver cell which is possibly due to a breakdown of the energy
      dependent ionic pumps. One of the earliest observable cell changes is a so-called
      "Kernwandhyperchromatosis" and chromatin condensation within the nuclei, whereby
      the Kernwandhyperchromatosis is seen to be a direct consequence of the increase
      in lactate and decrease of pH. ATP-sufficiency causes a disturbed function of
      mitochondrial membranes. The microchondria are swollen, the number of
      mitochondrial grana is clearly reduced. An enlargement of the mitochondrial outer
      membrane takes place by folding while the surface of mitochondrial cristae
      remains unchanged. As a consequence of the altered membrane activities also the
      peroxisomes swell at reduced numerial density. At unchanged total volume of RER
      the surface of the granulated membranes of the RER decrease by 50%. This decrease
      caused by ribosome detachment of the granulated membranes corresponds to the
      enlargement of the degranulated membrane parts of the nedoplasmic reticulum. The
      vesiculation is caused by an unspecific damage of cytoplasm. While the density of
      its volume and the membrane surface remain unaltered, the SER also shows a
      tendency to small vesiculation caused by an unspecific damage of cytoplasm. The
      increase in number and volume of the lysosomes and vacuoles of unknown origin
      speaks for a lysosomal activity. The cell compartment responsible for protein
      synthesis shows the most impressive morphometric and morphologic changes, which
      eventually can be explained by a decrease of protein synthesis which is needed to
      obtain enough energy for a well operating physiological equilibrium.

PMID- 962788
TI  - Paneth cell tumor. An additional case of duodenal adenoma with malignant change.
AB  - A papillary adenoma with malignant change consisting of only Paneth cells and
      their precursors is described. Neoplastic proliferation of Paneth cells is
      discussed from a point of view of cell biology.

PMID- 962789
TI  - [The results of surgery by means of metal synthesis in one extremity and
      conservative treatment in the other extremity of the same patient in fractures of
      long bones[].

PMID- 962790
TI  - [Experiences with the radiation-sterilized surgical covering foil].

PMID- 962791
TI  - [Osteosynthesis in children].

PMID- 962792
TI  - [Errors before and during percutaneous wire fixation of juvenile supracondylar
      upper arm fractures].

PMID- 962793
TI  - [Results of pericapsular ilium osteotomy in the therapy of the flat acetabulum in
      hip luxation].

PMID- 962794
TI  - [The effect of immobilization and muscle relaxants on muscle metabolism and
      reactability after hip surgery--electro physiological study].

PMID- 962795
TI  - [Results of the transposition of the trochanter in symptomatic coxa vara].

PMID- 962796
TI  - [Is there a good reason for total endoprosthesis after functional hip
      arthrodesis].

PMID- 962797
TI  - [Pseudoaneurysm of the deep femoral artery after nailing of the femur neck].

PMID- 962798
TI  - [Statistics on 537 functionally stable fully documented osteosyntheses in 500
      patients from the orthopedic hospital at Leipzig].

PMID- 962799
TI  - [Introductory data for the documentation of surgically treated bone fractures].

PMID- 962800
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in the region of shoulder girdle (1969-1971)].

PMID- 962801
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in the region of the shoulder girdle (1972)].

PMID- 962802
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in forearm fractures (1969-1971)].

PMID- 962803
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in forearm fractures (1972)].

PMID- 962804
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in femoral fractures (1969-1971)].

PMID- 962805
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in femoral fractures (1972)].

PMID- 962806
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in fractures of the patella (1972)].

PMID- 962807
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in fractures of the lower leg (1969-1971)].

PMID- 962808
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in fractures of the lower leg (1972)].

PMID- 962809
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in bone fractures with participation of the ankle joint (1969
      1971)].

PMID- 962810
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in bone fractures with participation of the ankle joint (1972)].

PMID- 962811
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in pseudoarthroses (1969-1972)].

PMID- 962812
TI  - [Questionnaire-data evaluation with the relevation of incidence data as well as
      of data from selected interrogated subjects in suitable structures].

PMID- 962813
TI  - [Late results of 1351 osteosyntheses (evaluation of follow-up examination
      questionnaires)].

PMID- 962814
TI  - [Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in the synovial membrane changed
      by inflammation].

PMID- 962815
TI  - [Experiences with serological studies in the diagnosis of osseous tuberculosis].

PMID- 962816
TI  - [Importance of synovectomy in the treatment of tuberculosis of the joints].

PMID- 962817
TI  - [Overextensible joints].

PMID- 962818
TI  - [Treatment of fractures of the coxal femoral end in children].

PMID- 962819
TI  - [Results after conservative treatment of Perthes' disease].

PMID- 962820
TI  - [Our experiences with Ludloff's method of surgical reposition of hip
      dislocation].

PMID- 962821
TI  - [Substitution of tumorous bone segments by Palacos].

PMID- 962822
TI  - [Task and method of the radiological examination in the diagnosis of bone and
      soft part tumors].

PMID- 962823
TI  - [Wound infection in orthopedic interventions].

PMID- 962824
TI  - [Problem of residual monomer content in various bone cements].

PMID- 962825
TI  - [The general anesthetic Ketanest (Vetaler for anesthesia of young Gottinger
      miniature swine].

PMID- 962826
TI  - [Histochemical changes in the cervix uteri of swine in late pregnancy II].

PMID- 962827
TI  - [Primary sarcoma of the gallbladder in a dog].

PMID- 962828
TI  - [Semen collection and artificial insemination in the rat].

PMID- 962829
TI  - [Are our domestic mammals color blind?].

PMID- 962830
TI  - Protocol of analysis of the components present in mono- and polyspecific
      antisera.

PMID- 962831
TI  - Iron absorption and iron deficiency.

PMID- 962832
TI  - Early signs of nutritional deficiency.

PMID- 962833
TI  - Malnutrition in patients with gastric resection.

PMID- 962834
TI  - Cell autophagy of the liver in starvation and undernutrition.

PMID- 962835
TI  - Dependence of the circadian rhythm of body and liver protein, lipid and glycogen
      on the hours of protein intake.

PMID- 962836
TI  - Linoleic acid deficiency in young animals.

PMID- 962837
TI  - Early signs of vitamin A deficiency in Bulgaria.

PMID- 962838
TI  - Early signs of thiamine deficiency.

PMID- 962839
TI  - [Hypochondriasis and paranoia].

PMID- 962840
TI  - [Illness experience of the functionally handicapped. A contribution to
      diagnostics].

PMID- 962841
TI  - [Psychosomatic disorders in criminals during imprisonment. Results of a survey
      and case report].

PMID- 962842
TI  - [Psychosomatic pathology].

PMID- 962843
TI  - [Psychosomatic and somatopsychic aspects of irritability].

PMID- 962844
TI  - Variations in rat liver chromatin composition during growth and the heterotic
      response.
AB  - The manifestation of hybrid vigor with regard to the inheritance of body weight
      was established as a postweaning phenomenon in rats. Liver weight gain generally
      corresponded to body weight gain and also reflected hybrid vigor. The protein/DNA
      ratios of the chromatin from livers of inbred and heterotic hybrid male rats were
      found to increase with increasing age in growing rats. Hybrid chromatin had
      higher protein/DNA ratios throughout the age range studies. The difference
      between hybrids and inbreds were greatest in the early postweaning stages of
      growth and maturation. The RNA/DNA ratios of chromatin from livers of inbred and
      hybrid male rats were also found to exhibit trends within certain developmental
      periods.

PMID- 962845
TI  - Gene action in fish of tetraploid origin. IV. Ribosomal DNA amount in clupeoid
      and salmonoid fish.
AB  - Phylogenetically tetraploid species of the fish order Isospondyli generally have
      twice the mean ribosomal gene content as closely related species on the
      phylogenetically diploid level. Considerable intraspecific variation of rDNA
      amount was observed. These findings are discussed in view of the hypothesis that
      selective loss of ribosomal genes may account for diminishing genic activity in
      phylogenetically tetraploid organisms.

PMID- 962846
TI  - Allelic polymorphism in arabian camel ribonuclease and the amino acid sequence of
      bactrian camel ribonuclease.
AB  - Pancreatic ribonucleases from several species (whitetail deer, roe deer, guinea
      pig, and arabian camel) exhibit more than one amino acid at particular positions
      in their amino acid sequences. Since these enzymes were isolated from pooled
      pancreas, the origin of this heterogeneity is not clear. The pancreatic
      ribonucleases from 11 individual arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius) have been
      investigated with respect to the lysine-glutamine heterogeneity at position 103
      (Welling et al., 1975). Six ribonucleases showed only one basic band and five
      showed two bands after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting a gene
      frequency of about 0.75 for the Lys gene and about 0.25 for the Gln gene. The
      amino acid sequence of bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) ribonuclease isolated
      from individual pancreatic tissue was determined and compared with that of
      arabian camel ribonuclease. The only difference was observed at position 103. In
      the ribonucleases from two unrelated bactrian camels, only glutamine was observed
      at that position.

PMID- 962847
TI  - Identificativn of inbred strains of mice, Mus musculus. I. Genetic control of
      inbred strains of mice using starch gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 962848
TI  - Strain distribution and linkage relationship of a mouse embryonic hemoglobin
      variant.
AB  - Search for structural variants of three globin chains (x, y, z), synthesized only
      during mouse embryonic hematopoiesis, was carried out by electrophoretic analysis
      of blood from 12-day embryos, all with C57BL/6 mothers, and fathers from 115
      inbred stocks selected for their diverse genetic origins. Structure of the beta
      chains of adult hemoglobins differed among the tested strains, with 57 carrying
      the Hbbs allele, 56 the Hbbd allele, and two the Hbbp allele. The search revealed
      no x- or z-chain variants but confirmed and extended knowledge of a previously
      described y-chain variant. Blood of all embryos sired by males from the 57 Hbbs
      strains contained only y'-chains, while blood of au embryos sired by Hbbd or Hbbp
      males contained y2-chains as well as the y1-chains inherited from their C57BL/6
      mother. The locus controlling structure of the y-chain of mouse embryonic
      hemoglobins is thus extremely closely linked to the locus controlling structure
      of adult hemoglobin beta-chain, with maximum possible recombination frequency
      less than 0.019.

PMID- 962849
TI  - Genetic and developmental variation of hemoglobin in the deermouse, Peromyscus
      maniculatus.
AB  - A genetic investigation of electrophoretic hemoglobin variants of the deermouse,
      Peromyscus maniculatus, shows three alleles, Hblf, Hblr, and Hblo, at a
      duplicated site controlling the six adult phenotypes. The Hblf allele has not
      been described previously. The hemoglobin locus is not closely linked to the
      albino locus. Fetal hemoglobin is distinct from any of the adult components and
      has a slower electrophoretic mobility. The fetal phenotype changes to the adult
      type between the days 15 and 18 of prenatal life.

PMID- 962850
TI  - Isolation, determination of structure and synthesis of the acid-labile conjugate
      of aldosterone.
AB  - 1. After administration of 600mg of 3H-labelled aldosterone to human volunteers,
      57 mg of homogeneous acid-labile conjugate was isolated from the urine and
      identified as aldosterone 18 beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. 2. Esterification and
      acetylation of the conjugate gave a tetra-acetate methyl ester, which, by
      measurement of the optical rotation and nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectrum, was
      shown to be a beta-glucosiduronate. This tetra-acetate methyl ester was
      synthesized in approx. 10% yield by the Koenigs-Knorr procedure. 3. Removal of
      the acetyl and methyl ester groups from the tetra-acetate methyl ester with
      alkali was accompanied by almost complete isomerization at C-17 to give 17
      isoaldosterone 18 beta-D-glucosiduronic acid. 4. To prevent inversion at C-17
      during removal of the acetate and ester groups of beta-glucosiduronate (a) the
      3,20-disemicarbazone was prepared, (b) the acetate and ester groups were removed
      from the disemicarbazone by treatment with alkali, and (c) the semicarbazone
      groups were removed from the product at pH 2.0, and aldosterone 18 beta-D
      glucosiduronic acid was obtained in 47% overall yield. 5. In the presence of
      components used to synthesize beta-glucosiduronate by the Koenigs-Knorr reaction
      this substance is converted slowly into the alpha-glucosiduronate; this
      conversion is responsible, in part, for the low yield of beta-glucosiduronate. 6.
      Two additional conjugates were obtained in the Koenigs-Knorr reaction; a
      provisional structure was assigned to one substrate. The other substance is a C
      18 alpha-glucosiduronate. Removal of the acetyl and ester groups from C-18 alpha
      glucosiduronate gave the alpha-glucosiduronic acid in 84% yield and the 17
      isoaldosterone alpha-glucosiduronic acid in 12% yield. 7. The rate at which
      several types of beta-glucuronidase hydrolyse the foregoing steroidal alpha- and
      beta-glucosiduronic acids is given.

PMID- 962851
TI  - The role of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase in the hepatic supply of
      tetrahydrobiopterin in rats.
AB  - The reduction of 7,8-dihydrobiopterin to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin by rat liver
      tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate-NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC
      1.5.1.3) is competitively inhibited by trimethoprim lactate (apparent Ki 0.285
      muM). An apparent Michaelis constant of 43 muM for dihydrobiopterin was obtained,
      which is 430 times higher than the reported Km for dihydrofolate with this
      enzyme. The reduction of dihydrobiopterin is thus more susceptible to inhibition
      by trimethoprim lactate than is the reduction of dihydrofolate. However,
      intraperitoneal administration of trimethoprim had no significant effect on the
      hepatic supply of tetrahydrobiopterin in rats.

PMID- 962852
TI  - Studies on the cholesterol ester hydrolase of Trogoderma (Coleoptera).
AB  - The enzyme cholesterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13) was detected in the larvae
      of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts). The pH and temperature
      optima for the enzyme were 6.6 degrees and 37 degrees C respectively. The mol.wt.
      of the enzyme was 76000-80000. The enzyme was equally effective in hydrolysing
      cholesteryl acetate, stearate and oleate. Cholesterol derivatives, namely the
      chloride and the methyl ether, inhibited the enzyme activity almost completely.
      It was also inhibited completely by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. This inhibition was
      reversed by the addition of dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione or cysteine. The
      enzyme activity was associated predominantly with the 104000 g fraction.

PMID- 962853
TI  - Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a kidney brush-border serine peptidase.
AB  - Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, an enzyme that releases dipeptides from substrates with
      N-terminal sequences of the forms X-Pro-Y or X-Ala-Y, was purified 300-fold from
      pig kidney cortex. The kidney is the main source of the enzyme, where it is one
      of the major microvillus-membrane proteins. Several other tissues contained
      demonstrable activity against the usual assay substrate glycylproline 2
      naphthylamide. In the small intestine this activity was greatly enriched in the
      microvillus fraction. In all tissues examined, the activity was extremely
      sensitive to inhibition by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate (Dip-F), but
      relatively resistant to inhibition by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride. It is a
      serine proteinase which may be covalently labelled with [32P]Dip-F, and is the
      only enzyme of this class in the microvillus membrane. The apparent subunit
      mol.wt. estimated by sodium dodecyl-sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis
      and by titration with [32P]Dip-F was 130 000. Gel-filtration and sedimentation
      equilibrium methods gave values in the region of 280 000, which is consistent
      with a dimeric structure, a conclusion supported by electron micrographs of the
      purified enzyme. Among other well-characterized serine proteinases, this enzyme
      is unique in its membrane location and its large subunit size. Investigation of
      the mode of attack of the peptidase on oligopeptides revealed that it could
      hydrolyse certain N-blocked peptides, e.g. Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro. In this respect
      it is acting as an endopeptidase and as such may merit reclassification and
      renaming as microvillus-membrane serine peptidase.

PMID- 962854
TI  - The separation and characterization of the methylumbelliferyl beta-galactosidases
      of human liver.
AB  - 1. A previously uncharacterized form of human liver acid beta-galactosidase (EC
      3.2.1.23), possibly a dimer of molecular weight 160 000, was resolved by gel
      filtration. It has the same ability to hydrolyse GM1 ganglioside as the two other
      acid beta-galactosidase forms. 2. The low-molecular-weight forms of acid beta
      galactosidase undergo salt-dependent aggregation. 3. The high-molecular-weight
      component may consist of the low-molecular-weight forms bound to membrane
      fragments. It can be converted completely into a mixture of these forms. 4. The
      neutral beta-galactosidase activity can be resolved into two forms by DEAE
      cellulose chromatography. They differ in their response to Cl-ions. 5. A new
      nomenclature is suggested for the six beta-galactosidases so far found in human
      liver. 6. The enzymic constituents of the beta-galactosidase bands resolved by
      electrophoresis were re-examined. The A band contains three components. A two
      dimensional electrophoretic procedure for resolving the A band is described. 7.
      The effect of neuraminidase treatment on the behaviour of beta-galactosidases in
      various separation systems is examined.

PMID- 962855
TI  - A steady-state kinetic study of the reaction catalysed by the secondary-amine
      mono-oxygenase of Pseudomonas aminovorans.
AB  - 1. Secondary-amine mono-oxygenase (proposed EC group 1.14.99.-) was partially
      purified from trimethylamine-grown Pseudomonas aminovorans by (NH4)2SO4
      fractionation, gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography on 5-aminopentylamino
      Sepharose, and affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound NADH. 2. Some problems
      in the affinity-chromatography step are discussed. 3. A steady-state kinetic
      analysis varying substrate, oxygen and electron-donor concentrations was
      performed, which, over the concentration range studied, gave a series of families
      of approximately parallel double-reciprocal plots. From secondary and tertiary
      plots, Michaelis constants of 0.160 mM, 0.086 mM and 0.121 mM were obtained for
      dimethylamine, NADPH and oxygen respectively. 4. Product-inhibition studies
      supported the postulated Hexa Uni Ping Pong (triple-transfer) reaction mechanism.

PMID- 962856
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of the binding of bilirubin by ligandin and aminoazo-dye
      binding protein A.
AB  - Ligandin and aminoazo-dye-binding protein A both bind bilirubin at a single site.
      Quantitative studies of the interactions using difference spectrophotometry show
      that at pH 7.0, protein A binds the tetrapyrrole with an association constant (K)
      greater than or equal to 2 X 10(7) litre/mol, whereas binding by ligandin is
      slightly weaker (K = 7 X 10(6) litre/mol) at this pH. The protein-bilirubin
      complexes give rise to absorption and fluorescence spectra quite different from
      those of unbound bilirubin and also to large Cotton effects. It appears that on
      binding to both proteins, the ligand is forced into a rigid twisted configuration
      in a hydrophobic environment. Ligandin and protein A resemble serum albumin in
      their interactions with bilirubin.

PMID- 962857
TI  - Creatine kinase. Modification of the working enzyme.
AB  - Protection against inhibition of creatine kinase by iodoacetamide is measured by
      the decrease in the rate constant for the inhibition reaction; A mixture of
      purified substrates at equilibrium protects quite strongly when all the
      components of the mixture are nearly saturating. The protection by substrates
      'working' in the forward direction only (from creatine and MgATP) was measured by
      carrying out the experiment rapidly at low concentrations of the enzyme; by
      varying the concentration of substrate it was found that the amount of protection
      when the substrates of the forward reaction are saturating is about 80% (100%
      protection would imply a value of zero for the rate constant of the inhibition
      reaction). The effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ are compared. It is already known that
      the complex creatine-NO3--MgADP, which is considered to be either a transition
      state analogue or an analogue of an intermediate in the reaction pathway,
      protects fully against iodoacetamide, whereas creatine and MgADP alone, or
      together without NO3-, do not protect. This suggests that the degree of
      protection by the working enzyme represents the proportion of enzyme molecules
      that have a conformation complementary to a creatine-PO3-MgADP intermediate.

PMID- 962858
TI  - Presence of type III collagen in guinea-pig dermal scar.
AB  - Guinea-pig dermal scar was shown to contain type III collagen, and, from
      densitometric analysis of gel electrophoretograms, it was shown to have a higher
      concentration than the surrounding dermis. This finding is consistent with the
      'embryonic' nature of newly formed dermal wound tissue, reflected in increased
      hydroxylation of collagen lysine and the presence of dihydroxylysinonorleucine
      (after reduction) as the major cross-link.

PMID- 962859
TI  - Types I and II collagens in intervertebral disc. Interchanging radial
      distributions in annulus fibrosus.
AB  - Intervertebral disc is a highly specialized cartilaginous tissue, containing two
      genetic types of collagen (I and II). Analysis of peptides from a CNBr digest of
      collagen showed that the proportions of I and II varied gradually and inversely
      across pig annulus fibrosus, with exclusively type I at the extreme outer edge
      and exclusively type II in the nucleus pulposus.

PMID- 962860
TI  - Elongation of (omega-14C)oleic acid and (omega-14C)nervonic acid.
AB  - During feeding experiments with [omega-14C]oleic acid and [omega-14c]nervonic
      acid to adult rats, 14C-labelled C26, C28 and C30 fatty acids were recovered from
      the intestinal mucosa, liver, plasma, kidney and stools. The structures of these
      fatty acids were determined by g.l.c., radio-g.l.c. and mass spectrometry. The
      Schmidt and Ginger degradation methods indicated that most of the 14C found in
      these extra-long fatty acids remained in the omega position. These radioactive
      extra-long fatty acids were found mainly in the polar lipids of rats killed 3 or
      15 h after being fed on labelled oleic acid or nervonic acid. Rats killed 63 h
      later yielded only traces of these extra-long fatty acids. When the rats were
      given antibiotics or received the same radioactive fatty acids by intravenous
      injection, the labelled extra-long fatty acids could not be detected in any of
      the tissues. We conclude that they were probably synthesized by elongation of
      oleic acid and nervonic acid by intestinal micro-organisms (probably yeasts) and
      then absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 962861
TI  - Higher-plant mitochondrial ribosomes contain a 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid
      component.
AB  - Ribosomes from higher-plant mitochondria contain 5S rRNA, in contrast with the
      mitochondrial ribosomes of animals and fungi, in which such a component has not
      been detected. In common with the ribosomes of prokaryotes and chloroplasts,
      higher-plant mitochondrial ribosomes do not appear to contain an RNA equivalent
      to the 5.8 S rRNA that is found in eukaryoytes hydrogen-bonded to the largest of
      the cytoplasmic rRNA species.

PMID- 962862
TI  - An explanation of apparent sudden change in the activation energy of membrane
      enzymes.
AB  - If an enzyme-lipid mixture forms phases of pure lipid and enzyme-lipid solution,
      and enzyme activity depends on the composition of the enzyme-lipid solution, the
      temperature-dependence of lipid solubility in the enzyme-lipid solution leads to
      apparent sudden changes in enzyme activation energy without activity
      discontinuities at lipid phase transition temperatures.

PMID- 962863
TI  - Turkey liver xanthine dehydrogenase. Relation between nicotinamide-adenine
      dinucleotide oxidoreductase activity and the content of functional enzyme.
AB  - The turkey liver xanthine dehydrogenase-catalysed oxidation of NADH by Methylene
      Blue, by ferricyanide or by O2 is not dependent on the integrity of the active
      centre persulphide groups. By contrast, the NADH-dichlorophenol-indophenol
      oxidoreductase and NADH-trinitrobenzenesulphonate oxidoreductase activities are
      directly proportional to the content of functional enzyme. These findings help to
      identify the sites of egress of electrons to oxidizing substrates.

PMID- 962864
TI  - Subcellular localization of ornithine decarboxylase in liver of control and
      growth-hormone-treated rats.
AB  - 1. Ornithine-2-oxo acid aminotransferase activity was inhibited by amino
      oxyacetate (10(-5) M). This permitted the measurement of ornithine decarboxylase
      in the presence of mitochondria by using the 14CO2-trapping technique. 2.
      Subcellular fractionation of rat liver by differential centrifugation, followed
      by the assay of ornithine decarboxylase in the presence of amino oxyacetate and
      of marker enzymes for each fraction, demonstrated that ornithine decarboxylase
      was located in the cytosol. 3. The greatly increased ornithine decarboxylase
      activity observed after growth-hormone administration was also found to be
      localized in the cytosol. 4. The Km of ornithine decarboxylase from rat liver for
      ornithine was 28 muM. Administration of growth hormone 4 h before death did not
      affect the apparent affinity of ornithine decarboxylase for ornithine.

PMID- 962865
TI  - Active-site determinations on forms of mammalian brain and eel
      acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - Three forms of brain acetylcholinesterase were purified from bovine caudate
      nucleus tissue and determined by calibrated gel filtration to have mol.wts. of
      approx. 120 000 (C), 230 000 (B) and 330 000 (A). [3H]Di-isopropyl
      phosphorofluoridate (isopropyl moiety labelled) was purified from commercial
      preparations and its concentration estimated by an enzyme-titration procedure.
      Brain acetylcholinesterase preparations and enzyme from eel electric tissue were
      allowed to react with [3H]di-isopropyl phosphorofluridate in phosphate buffer
      until enzyme activity was inhibited by 98%. Excess of [3H]di-isopropyl
      phosphorofluoridate that had not reacted was separated from the labelled enzyme
      protein by gel filtration, or by vacuum filtration or by extensive dialysis. The
      specificity of active-site labelling was confirmed by use of the enzyme
      reactivator, pyridine 2-aldoxime. The forms of brain acetylcholinesterase were
      calculted to contain approximately two (C) four (B) and six (A) active sites per
      molecule respectively. Acetylcholinesterase (mol.wt. 250 000) from electric-eel
      tissue was estimated to contain two active sites per molecule. Gradient-gel
      electrophoresis was used to confirm the estimation of molecular weights of brain
      acetylcholinesterase forms made by gel filtration. Under the conditions of
      electrophoresis acetylcholinesterase form A was stable, but form B was converted
      into a species of approx. 120 000 mol. wt. Similarly, form C of the brain enzyme
      was converted into a 60 000-mol.wt. form during electrophoresis. These results
      are in general accord with the suggestion that the multiple forms of brain
      acetylcholinesterase may be related to the aggregation of a single low-molecular
      weight species.

PMID- 962866
TI  - The purification and properties of ferritin from human serum.
AB  - 1. Ferritin has been isolated from the serum of four patients with iron overload
      by using two methods. 2. In method A, the serum was adjusted to pH 4.8 and heated
      to 70 degrees C. After removal of denatured protein, ferritin was concentrated
      and further purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. In most
      cases, only a partial purification was achieved. 3. In method B, ferritin was
      extracted from the serum with a column of immuno-adsorbent [anti-(human
      ferritin)] and released from the column with 3M-KSCN. Further purification was
      achieved by anion-exchange chromatography followed by the removal of remaining
      contaminating serum proteins by means of a second immunoadsorbent. Purifications
      of up to 31 000-fold were achieved, and the homogeneity of the final preparations
      was demonstrated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 4. Serum ferritin
      purified by either method has the same elution volume as human spleen ferritin on
      gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Serum ferritin has a relatively low iron
      content and iron/protein ratios of 0.023 and 0.067 (mug of Fe/mug of protein)
      were found in two pure preparations. On anion-exchange chromatography serum
      ferritin has a low affinity for the column when compared with various tissue
      ferritins. Isoelectric focusing has demonstrated the presence of a high
      proportion of isoferritins of relatively high pI. 5. Possible mechanisms for the
      release of ferritin into the circulation are briefly discussed.

PMID- 962867
TI  - Contemporaneous isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid
      polymerase and poly(A) polymerase from rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - 1. Poly(A) polymerase and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from rat liver
      mitochondria can be completely separated by using two different chromatographic
      procedures. 2. Poly(A) polymerase can only incorporate ATP into acid-insoluble
      material and strongly depends on the addition of an endogenous factor (probably
      containing a mixture of oligoribonucleotides), but it is not stimulated by DNA.
      3. RNA polymerase is fully DNA-dependent and rifampicin-sensitive, but was not
      stimulated by the endogenous factor mentioned above. 4. The chromatographic
      behaviour of the two enzymes, together with the properties described, suggest
      that they represent two different protein molecules.

PMID- 962868
TI  - Isolation of albumin from whole human plasma and fractionation of albumin
      depleted plasma.
AB  - The dye Cibacron Blue F-3-GA was conjugated to Sepharose to provide an affinity
      column for serum albumin. Passage of whole human plasma through a column of
      Cibacron Blue-Sepharose results in the removal of approx. 98% of the albumin. The
      latter can be quantitatively recovered by desorption with NaSCN. Albumin-depleted
      plasma can be readily resolved into discrete fractions by a combination of
      conventional biochemical techniques. In particular, the resolution of plasma
      proteins with properties similar to those of native human plasma albumin can
      readily be accomplished by ion-exchange chromatography of the Sepharose-dye
      treated plasma on DEAE-cellulose.

PMID- 962869
TI  - Studies on sequencing of peptides from the carboxyl terminus by using the
      thiocyanate method.
AB  - We report on our experience in applying the thiocyanate method developed by Stark
      (1968) (Biochemistry 7, 1796-1807) to the sequencing of short peptides from the
      carboxyl end in free solution. Yields fell to very low levels after three cycles
      of degradation. The method was time-consuming because of the filtration and
      freeze-drying stages involved. To overcome these problems, peptides were attached
      to modified polystyrene polymers for sequential degradation in the solid phase,
      and a maximum of six amino acids was determined. Also, ribonuclease was attached
      to active-ester glass beads and sequential degradation was carried out to
      determine six amino acids at the C-terminal end of this protein.

PMID- 962870
TI  - The amino acid sequence of pike-whale (lesser-rorqual) pancreatic ribonuclease.
AB  - Pancreatic RNAase (ribonuclease) from the pike whale (lesser rorqual,
      Balaenoptera acutorostrata) was isolated by affinity chromatography. The protein
      was digested with different proteolytic enzymes. Peptides were isolated by gel
      filtration, preparative high-voltage paper electrophoresis and paper
      chromatography. The amino acid sequence of peptides was determined by the dansyl
      Edman method. Although we do not have an amino acid composition for the whole
      protein, all peptide bonds were overlapped by one or more peptides. Residues 85
      96 are bridged by a peptide of unstaisfactory composition and the sequence here
      depends, at least in part, on homology for its confirmation. Another region in
      which a similar situation obtains is residues 39-40. This pancreatic RNAase
      differs at 24-33% of the positions from all other mammalian pancreatic RNAases
      sequenced to date, except for pig RNAase, from which it differs by 19%. This
      indicates that whale RNAase has evolved independently during the larger part of
      the evolution of the mammals. Lesser-rorqual pancreatic RNAase is partially
      glycosidated (30%) at asparagine-76 in an Asn-Ser-Thr sequence (residues 76-78).
      Pig RNAase also has carbohydrate attached to asparagine-76 and is identical with
      lesser-rorqual RNAase in residues 76-98. Detailed evidence for the sequence has
      been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50066 (11 pages) at the British
      Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, W. Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from
      whom copies may be obtained on the terms ginen in Biochem. J. (1976) 135, 5.

PMID- 962871
TI  - Enzymes of 2-oxo acid degradation and biosynthesis in cell-free extracts of mixed
      rumen micro-organisms.
AB  - The enzymes of 2-oxo acid decarboxylation and 2-oxo acid synthesis (EC 1.2.7.1
      and EC 1.2.7.2) were isolated and partially purified from cell-free extracts of
      rumen micro-organisms. The lyase was active with pyruvate, 3-hydroxypyruvate and
      2-oxobutyrate. The synthase was active with acetate, 2-oxoglutarate or succinate.
      Pyruvate synthase was separated from pyruvate lyase by Sephadex G-200 gel
      filtration. With Sephadex filtration, approximate mol.wts. of 310000 and 210000
      were determined for pyruvate lyase and pyruvate synthase respectively.

PMID- 962872
TI  - Deviation from Michaelis-Menten kinetics for fumarase.
AB  - A study of the steady-state kinetics of fumarase over an extended concentration
      range, using novel methods of analysis, reveals an initial-rate equation of at
      least fourth degree for malate as substrate at pH 7.0, with no kinetically
      significant dead-end complex formation even up to concentrations of 100 mM. In
      the absence of demonstrable enzyme-aggregation phenomena, this is interpreted as
      indicating co-operative effects overlooked previously, although a mixture of
      isoenzymes, each individually of high degree and giving a complex curve, may be a
      contributing factor.

PMID- 962873
TI  - Comparative activity of arylsulphatases A and B on two synthetic substrates.
AB  - Rat liver and human skin fibroblasts arylsulphatase A and B activities on both 4
      methylumbelliferyl sulphate and 4-nitrocatechol sulphate were compared. The
      intracellular distribution of activity differed markedly when 4
      methylumbelliferyl sulphate was used from that observed with 4-nitrocatechol
      sulphate. No discrimination between control and metachromatic leucodystrophy or
      mucopolysaccharidosis (type VI) could be achieved when 4-methylumbelliferyl
      sulphate was used as substrate. These results contrast sharply with those
      obtained with 4-nitrocatechol sulphate and cast doubt on the validity of 4
      methylumbelliferyl sulphate as substrate for the determination of arylsulphatase
      A and B activities.

PMID- 962874
TI  - Biotin-binding protein from chicken egg yolk. Assay and relationship to egg-white
      avidin.
AB  - 1. Biotin in chicken egg yolk is non-covalently bound to a specific protein that
      comprises 0.03% of the total yolk protein (0.8 mg/yolk). This biotin-binding
      protein is not detectable by the normal avidin assay owing to the biotin being
      tightly bound. Exchange of [14C]biotin for bound biotin at 65 degrees C is the
      basis of an assay for this protein. 2. Biotin-binding protein from egg yolk is
      distinguishable from egg-white avidin on Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, although
      the sizes of the two proteins appear quite similar. 3. Biotin-binding protein is
      denatured at a lower temperature and freely exchanges biotin at lower
      temperatures than does avidin. 4. The biotin-binding protein in egg yolk is
      postulated to be responsible for the deposition of biotin in egg yolk. D
      [carboxyl-14C]Biotin injected into laying hens rapidly appears in the egg bound
      to yolk biotin-binding protein and avidin. Over 60% of the radioactivity is
      eventually deposited in eggs. The kinetics of biotin deposition in the egg
      suggests a 25 day half-life for an intracellular biotinyl-coenzyme pool in the
      laying hen.

PMID- 962875
TI  - The interactions of haem with ligandin and aminoazo-dye-binding protein A.
AB  - 1. The interactions of ferriprotoporphyrin IX with ligandin and aminoazo-dye
      binding protein A result in absorption spectra in the Soret region characteristic
      of the ligand in its monomeric state. 2. Both proteins are able to bind ferrous
      as well as ferric haem. 3. Ferriprotoporphyrin IX is bound at a single site on
      both proteins. At pH7.0, I 0.16M, difference-spectrophotometric measurements gave
      association constants of 10(7) and 4 X 10(6) LITRE/MOL FOR LIGANDIN AND PROTEin A
      respectively. Under the same conditions fluorescence-quenching experiments gave
      an association constant of 2 X 10(7) litre/mol for ligandin. 4. Bilirubin,
      bromosulphophthalein and oesterone sulphate each compete with haem for binding by
      the two proteins. 5. Ferriprotoporphyrin IX bound to both ligandin and protein A
      is able to form co-ordination complexes with CN-, but not, to any measurable
      extent, with either N3- or F-. From these results it is suggested that binding by
      the two proteins may not involve the haem iron atom. 6. Both haem-protein
      complexes give rise to measurable extrinsic Cotton effects in the Soret region.
      7. The formation and properties of the ligandin- and protein A-haem complexes are
      compared with those of haem-albumin, haemoglobin, myoglobin and other
      haemoproteins.

PMID- 962876
TI  - The identification of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, a new component of urinary stones.
AB  - Stones passed by a child homozygous for a deficiency of the enzyme adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase have been identified by u.v., i.r. and mass
      spectrometry as 2,8-dihydroxyadenine.

PMID- 962877
TI  - Methods for fitting equations with two or more non-linear parameters.
AB  - 1. Descriptions are given of two ways for fitting non-linear equations by least
      squares criteria to experimental data. One depends on solving a set of non-linear
      simultaneous equations, and the other on Taylor's theorem. 2. It is shown that
      better parameter estimates result when an equation with two or more non-linear
      parameters is fitted to all the sets of data simultaneously than when it is
      fitted to each set in turn.

PMID- 962878
TI  - Two methods for fitting a rectangular hyperbola to data from several animals.
AB  - Two methods are described for fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation to sets of
      data with a common michaelis constant but different maximum velocities. One of
      them uses the method of least squares, and the other is based on the direct plot
      of Eisenthal & Cornish-Bowden [Biochem. J. (1974) 139, 715-720].

PMID- 962879
TI  - Some properties of a soluble methane mono-oxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus
      strain Bath.
AB  - Soluble extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath), obtained by centrifugation
      of crude extracts at 160000g for 1h, catalyse the NAD(P)H- and O2-dependent
      disappearance of bromomethane, and also the formation of methanol from methane.
      Soluble methane mono-oxygenase is not inhibited by chelating agents or by most
      electron-transport inhibitors, and is a multicomponent enzyme.

PMID- 962880
TI  - Interaction of pepstatin with pig pepsinogen.
AB  - In contrast with pepsin, pepsinogen does not bind pepstatin at pH values between
      5.3 and 2.5. Pepsinogen is not retarded by pepstatin immobilized on to aminohexyl
      Sepharose at pH5.3 or 4.1, whereas at pH3.0 activation takes place during the
      chromatography, with retardation of the resultant pepsin.

PMID- 962881
TI  - Instability of rat liver chromatin and other nuclear non-histone proteins in
      alkaline solution.
AB  - Non-histone proteins from rat liver nuclei and chromatin were shown to be
      hydrolysed in 0.1M or-1M-NaOH solutions both at 4 degrees and 18 degrees C; 24h
      in 1M-NaOH at 18 degrees C is sufficient to break down approx. 77% of these
      proteins to low-molecular-weight peptides. Loss of protein material banding in
      the region of pH5.5-8.0 has been demonstrated by isoelectric focusing in
      polyacrylamide gels, and fine high-molecular-weight bands are no longer visible
      on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The results
      indicate that care must be taken when analysing non-histone-protein fractions to
      avoid exposure to alkaline pH conditions.

PMID- 962882
TI  - The 3H-labelling of bilirubin.
AB  - A simple method has been developed for the preparation of 3H-labelled bilirubin
      IX-alpha from bilirubin dimethyl ester. The label is located in the propionic
      acid side chains, and there is no isomerization of the bilirubin during the
      preparation.

PMID- 962883
TI  - Isolation of (copper, zinc)-thioneins from the livers of copper-injected rats.
AB  - The mixed copper- and zinc-binding proteins, with mol.wt. of approx. 12000,
      induced in rat liver after injection of copper were isolated and characterized as
      metallothioneins. Three separate forms were obtained, with 7-11% total metal in
      the protein, equivalent to 2.6-1.6 cysteine residues/metal atom.

PMID- 962884
TI  - Radioimmunological identification of tropoelastin.
AB  - Antiserum was prepared in sheep against insoluble elastin isolated from embryonic
      chick aortae. In an indirect immunoprecipitation test, the antiserum reacted
      quantitatively with small amounts of radioactively labelled purified tropoelastin
      prepared from embryonic-chick aortae. The antiserum did not cross-react with
      chick procollagen, and the antiserum uas used to identify radioactively labelled
      tropoelastin secreted by chick aorta cells in suspension culture.

PMID- 962885
TI  - Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in adipose tissue in vivo
      by glucocorticoids and insulin.
AB  - 1. The regulation of the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC
      4.1.1.32) in epididymal adipose tissue, liver and kidney in vivo was studied
      immunochemically. 2. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) synthesis in adipose
      tissue is increased by starvation, diabetes and noradrenaline, and decreased by
      re-feeding and insulin. These changes were also seen in adrenalectomized rats and
      are qualitatively similar to those observed for the liver enzyme. This indicates
      the involvement of cyclic AMP as an inducer and insulin as a de-inducer in the
      regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in both tissues. (Induction
      and de-induction are defined as selective increase and decrease respectively in
      the rate of enzyme synthesis, regardless of the mechanism involved.)3.
      Adrenalectomy had little effect on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)
      synthesis in liver and kidney, but increased the synthesis rate of the adipose
      tissue enzyme. Starvation and adrenalectomy had additive effects in increasing
      the synthesis rate of adipose-tissue phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). In
      adrenalectomized diabetic rats glucocorticoids increased phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase (GTP) synthesis in liver and kidney while decreasing enzyme
      synthesis in adipose tissue. De-induction of adipose tissue phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase (GTP) is therefore regulated independently by glucocorticoids and
      insulin. 4. Although liver, kidney and adipose-tissue phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinases (GTP) are seemingly identical, there is an apparent tissue
      specific differentiation in regulatory systems for the enzyme.

PMID- 962886
TI  - The effect of cobalt on the uptake of plasma iron by the liver.
AB  - 1. After an intraperitoneal injection of 59Fe the recovery of radioactivity in
      the liver, but not in other tissues, was increased in cobalt-pretreated rats.
      There was no proportional increase in the radioactivity recovered from liver
      haem. 2. Rats were injected intravenously with serum containing protein-bound
      59Fe and 125I-labelled albumin as a marker. At various times after injection the
      specific radioactivities of iron in plasma and of non-haem iron in liver were
      determined; corrections were applied for the content of plasma in samples of
      liver. In cobalt-pretreated rats there was a more rapid loss of 59Fe
      radioactivity from the plasma and a corresponding increase in the uptake of 59Fe
      into liver non-haem iron. 3. The results are discussed in relation to the
      possible sites of action of cobalt, and the possibility is considered that only a
      fraction of the liver non-haem iron may be involved.

PMID- 962887
TI  - Induction of benzo[a]pyrene Mono-oxygenase in liver cell culture by the
      photochemical generation of active oxygen species. Evidence for the involvement
      of singlet oxygen and the formation of a stable inducing intermediate.
AB  - 1. The photochemical generation of excited states of oxygen in liver cell culture
      by the mild ilumination of culture medium containing riboflavin, results in
      stimulation of benzo[a]pyrene 3-mono-oxygenase, a cytochrome P-450-linked mono
      oxygenase. 2. The same large increase in mono-oxygenase activity was found when
      medium containing riboflavin was illuminated in the absence of cells and then
      stored in the dark for 24h before contact with the cells. From this it may be
      inferred that stimulation is due to the formation of a stable inducer in the
      culture medium. Further experiments indicate that the stable inducer is due to
      the photo-oxidation of an amino acid. 3. Evidence that singlet oxygen is
      responsible for initiating the stimulation of the mono-oxygenase is based on the
      use of molecules that scavenge particular active oxygen species. Of all the
      scavengers tested, only those that scavenge single oxygen inhibited the
      stimulation. 4. A hypothesis is developed to relate the stimulation of the mono
      oxygenase by singlet oxygen in cultured cells to the regulation of the cytochrome
      P-450 enzyme system in vivo. It is suggested that single oxygen generation within
      cells may be a common factor linking the many structurally diverse inducers of
      the enzyme system.

PMID- 962888
TI  - Anti-ketogenic effect of glucose in the lactating cow deprived of food.
AB  - 1. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a constant infusion of
      glucose on the ketosis that is observed when dairy cows are deprived of food in
      early lactation. 2. Cows in early lactation were first deprived of food for 4
      days (96h) to induce a 'fasting ketosis'. Glucose was then infused intravenously
      at a constant rate of 0.75 g/min for 48h while deprivation of food was
      maintained. At the end of this 48 h period, blood and liver ketone-body
      concentrations had decreased to values well below those found in healthy fed
      cows. 3. On the assumption that the anti-ketogenic effect of glucose was mainly
      due to suppression of hepatic ketogenesis, it was concluded that two anti
      ketogenic mechanisms had been identified. These were (a) a decrease in the
      availability of free fatty acids for hepatic oxidation, and (b) anti-ketogenic
      changes within the liver itself. 4. These latter anti-ketogenic changes were
      twofold. The first was a major increase in the hepatic concentrations of citrate
      and 2-oxoglutarate. The second was an increase in the degree of oxidation of the
      hepatic cytosol. It was proposed that both these intrahepatic changes might
      indicate an augmentation of the quantity of oxaloacetate available for
      condensation with acetyl-CoA derived from fat oxidation. 5. Hepatic glycerol 1
      phosphate concentration fell substantially after glucose infusion. 6. Glucose
      infusion into fed cows produced qualitatively similar effects to those observed
      in the unfed cows. However, blood and liver ketone-body concentrations were not
      decreased to the same extent in the fed cows as in the unfed cows.

PMID- 962889
TI  - The metabolism and binding of catecholamines by the hepatic microsomal mixed
      function oxidase of the rat.
AB  - Noradrenaline and adrenaline were metabolized by an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent
      process located within the hepatic microsomal fraction of the rat. Metabolism was
      inhibited by CO and compound SKF 525A, but not by pargyline, an inhibitor of
      monoamine oxidase, or by 3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzoic acid, an inhibitor of
      catechol O-methyltransferase. It is concluded that the enzyme system responsible
      for the metabolism of the catecholamines was the microsomal mixed-function
      oxidase. The Km for noradrenaline was 2.4 mM and for adrenaline 1.0 mM, and V
      15.6 and 3.6 nmol/min per mg of microsomal protein respectively. Both
      catecholamines bound to the microsomal fraction, producing a type II spectral
      change, with a Ks for noradrenaline of 0.9 mM and for adrenaline of 1.0 mM, and
      showed other characteristics of type II compounds by inhibited the reduction of
      cytochrome P-450 by NADPH and exhibiting an enhanced metabolism in the presence
      of acetone. The major product of catecholamine metabolism was an as yet
      unidentified alkali-labile compound, which did not correspond to any of the
      recognized catecholamine metabolites.

PMID- 962890
TI  - Serum glycoprotein synthesis after partial hepatectomy in the rat.
AB  - The incorporation in vivo of D-[1-14C]glucosamine into serum glycoproteins and
      proteins of liver microsomal fractions shows a decrease in the early stages (24h)
      after partial hepatectomy compared with sham-operated animals; 72h after partial
      hepatectomy the specific radioactivity of hexosamines bound to liver microsomal
      fractions reaches the same value as for sham-operated animals.

PMID- 962891
TI  - Animal liver tryptophan pyrrolases: Absence of apoenzyme and of hormonal
      induction mechanism from species sensitive to tryptophan toxicity.
AB  - 1. Liver tryptophan pyrrolase exists as holoenzyme and apoenzyme in rat, mouse,
      pig, turkey, chicken and possibly man. 2. The apoenzyme is absent from cat, frog,
      gerbil, guinea pig, hamster, ox, sheep and rabbit. 3. The hormonal mechanism of
      induction of the pyrrolase is absent from species lacking the apoenzyme. 4. The
      concentrations of tryptophan in livers and sera of these species are lower than
      in species possessing the apoenzyme. 5. Species lacking the apoenzyme or the
      hormonal induction mechanism have a deficient kynurenine pathway and are
      sensitive to the toxicity of tryptophan. 6. It is suggested that these species
      are not suitable as models for studying human tryptophan metabolism. 7. The
      possible significance of these findings in relation to veterinary and human
      neonatal care is discussed.

PMID- 962892
TI  - The metabolism of steroids in the fatty liver induced by orotic acid feeding.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of 4-[4-14C]androstene-3,17-dione, 4-[4-14C]pregnene-3,20
      dione, 5alpha-[4-14C]androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol, [4-14C]cholesterol, 7alpha
      hydroxy-4-[6beta-3H]cholesten-3-one, 5beta-[7beta-3H]cholestane-3alpha,7alpha
      diol and [3H]lithocholic acid was studied in the microsomal fraction of livers
      from control and orotic acid-treated male rats. 2. As a result of the treatment
      the orotic acid-fed rats had fatty livers and subnormal concentrations of
      cholesterol and triglycerides in serum. 3. The 6beta- and 7alpha-hydroxylation of
      4-androstene3,17-dione, and the 2alpha-, 2beta- and 18-hydroxylation of 5alpha
      androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol, and the 5alpha-reduction of 4-androstene-3,17
      dione and 4-pregnene-3,20-dione were decreased by 40--50% in orotic acid-fed
      rats. Other oxidative and reductive reactions of the steroid hormones were not
      significantly affected. 4. The 12alpha-hydroxylation of 7alpha-hydroxy-4
      cholesten-3-one was decreased by about 50%, whereas the 7alpha-hydroxylation of
      cholesterol and the 26-hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol were
      not significantly decreased. The 6beta-hydroxylation of lithocholic acid was
      stimulated by 40%. 5. The results are discussed in relation to present knowledge
      of the heapatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and to the recent findings of an
      abnormal bile acid metabolism in liver disease.

PMID- 962893
TI  - The effect of insulin and glucocorticoids on the synthesis and degradation of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in rat adipose tissue cultured in vitro.
AB  - 1. Epididymal adipose tissue from the rat was maintained in culture for periods
      of up to 96h. 2. After an initial decrease in protein synthesis during the first
      24h of culture, the adipose tissue recovered its capacity to synthesize and
      accumulate proteins of a relatively large size. 3. The activity of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase decreased in a parallel manner, but increased
      again after 24h of incubation of the tissue in culture, to a value twice that
      noted in the tissue in vivo. This increase in enzyme activity was due to an
      increase in its rate of synthesis. 4. Both insulin and dexamethasone (9alpha
      fluoro-16alpha-methyl-11beta,17,-21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione)
      inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis, but dexamethasone also
      decreased total protein synthesis. 5. The half-life of phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase in adipose tissue cultured in vitro was 5--7h and was not altered
      by insulin or dexamethasone. 6. It is concluded that both insulin and
      glucocroticoids lower the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in rat
      adipose tissue by decreasing its rate of synthesis.

PMID- 962894
TI  - Differences between newly formed and recycled free small ribosome subunits in
      liver cytoplasm.
AB  - Heterogeneity among the free small ribosomal subunits of rat liver was studied.
      Newly made free small subunits differ from the bulk of the free subunits in the
      following ways. (1) The newly made free small subunits sediment slightly faster
      than most free small subunits and form a band at slightly lower densities. (2)
      Mature free small subunits, prepared under conditions which minimize the amount
      of loosely bound protein, readily dimerize in solutions of low ionic strength.
      Little dimerization is found with newly formed subunits. This permits the
      separation of fractions enriched in newly formed subunits. (3) The fraction
      enriched in newly formed subunits contains a distinctive additional protein as
      compared the most of the free small subunits.

PMID- 962895
TI  - The concentration dependence of the heme heme interaction of hemoglobin S.

PMID- 962896
TI  - Conjugated effect of light and uroporphyrin on porphobilinogen.

PMID- 962897
TI  - Circulating DNA levels in man.

PMID- 962898
TI  - Quantitative determination of catecholamines in human red blood cells by gas
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 962899
TI  - The micro-assay of intestinal disaccharidases.

PMID- 962900
TI  - AMP-aminohydrolase of human skeletal muscle: the inhibitory effect of alanine.

PMID- 962901
TI  - Subunit structure of isomeric chondroitin sulfates from normal human urine.

PMID- 962902
TI  - The hexosamine and sulfate-containing components in the urine of normal children.

PMID- 962903
TI  - Study of a family with Los Angeles, Duarte, and classical galactosemia variants
      of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase.

PMID- 962904
TI  - A simple fluorometric assay for lipoperoxide in blood plasma.

PMID- 962905
TI  - A more specific indicator for use in the determination of amniotic fluid
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios.

PMID- 962906
TI  - Insulin's effect on glucose oxidation independent of glucose transport.

PMID- 962907
TI  - Mechanism and significance of the mammalian pathway for elimination of D
      glutamate; inhibition of glutathione synthesis by D-glutamate.

PMID- 962908
TI  - Binding specificity of a HeLa DNA-binding protein to DNA and homopolymers.

PMID- 962909
TI  - Binding of magnesium by proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane compartment.

PMID- 962910
TI  - NMR observation of the interaction of small oligopeptides wit, phospholipid
      vesicles.

PMID- 962911
TI  - Opiate receptor affinity of peptides related to Leu-enkephalin.

PMID- 962912
TI  - The synthesis and opiate activity of beta-endorphin.

PMID- 962913
TI  - Species variability of N-terminal sequence of avian erythrocyte-specific histone
      H5.

PMID- 962914
TI  - Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins. The structure of subunit I of
      monellin.

PMID- 962915
TI  - Caffeine enhancement of the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of ultraviolet
      irradiation in a xeroderma pigmentosum variant strain of human cells.

PMID- 962916
TI  - A novel method for isolation of conditional-lethal mutants of mycoplasma and
      mycoplasmaviruses.

PMID- 962917
TI  - Anticodon loop sequences of transfer RNA Ser CGA and transfer RNA Ser IGA from
      the posterior silkgland of Bombyx mori L.

PMID- 962918
TI  - Preferential effect of oestradiol 17 beta in vivo on the protein synthetic
      activity of uterine membrane-bound ribosomes.

PMID- 962919
TI  - Studies on the disaggregation of elongation factor 1 by elastase.

PMID- 962920
TI  - A non-penetrating thiol reagent mimics cytochalasin A inhibition of secretory
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 962921
TI  - Is L-gulonolactone-oxidase the only enzyme missing in animals su0ject to scurvy?

PMID- 962922
TI  - Requirement for cellular associations in the development of Caulobacter
      crescentus.

PMID- 962923
TI  - Distribution of cholesterol between the outer and inner halves of the lipid
      bilayer of mycoplasma cell membranes.

PMID- 962924
TI  - The effect of phosphorylation of gizzard myosin on actin activation.

PMID- 962925
TI  - Effect of hemin and isonicotinic acid hydrazide on the uptake of iron from
      transferrin by isolated rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 962926
TI  - Carboxins: powerful selective inhibitors of succinate oxidation in animal
      tissues.

PMID- 962927
TI  - Identification of a major extracellular non-collagenous glycoprotein synthesised
      by human skin fibroblasts in culture.

PMID- 962928
TI  - Biological activity of in vitro synthesised protein: binding of Semliki Forest
      virus capsid protein to the large ribosomal subunit.

PMID- 962929
TI  - Antagonism of botulinum toxin by theophylline.

PMID- 962930
TI  - This isolation of a new, low-potential, iron-containing electron-transfer protein
      from rumen bacteria.

PMID- 962931
TI  - Integration of the lambda genome in the absence of site-specific integration
      function: isolation of an abnormally permuted prophage lambda.

PMID- 962932
TI  - Changes in L-ornithine decarboxylase activity during the cell cycle.

PMID- 962933
TI  - A theoretical analysis of the binding of palmitate by human serum albumin.

PMID- 962934
TI  - Evidence for a coordination position available to solute molecules on one of the
      metals at the active center of reduced bovine superoxide di smutase.

PMID- 962935
TI  - Quantitation of labile sulfide content and P700 photochemistry in spinach
      photosystem I particles.

PMID- 962936
TI  - Isoenzymes of an acyltransferase from rabbit mammary gland: solubilization of the
      micelle-specific species with Triton X-100.

PMID- 962937
TI  - Action of concanavalin A on thymocytes studied by a fluorescent probe.

PMID- 962938
TI  - Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in HeLa cells by glucocorticoids.

PMID- 962939
TI  - Preferential conformation of the endogenous opiate-like pentapeptide Met
      enkephalin in DMSO-D6 solution determined by high field H NMR.

PMID- 962940
TI  - Metabolic cooperation studied by a quantitative enzyme assay of single cells.

PMID- 962941
TI  - Calcium-dependent phosphorylation of specific synaptosomal fraction proteins:
      possible role of phosphoproteins in mediating neurotransmitter release.

PMID- 962942
TI  - Photo-induced potentials across a polymer stabilized planar membrane, in the
      presence of bacteriorhodopsin.

PMID- 962943
TI  - Intestinal calcium and phosphate transport in genetic hypophosphatemic mice.

PMID- 962944
TI  - Maturation of collagenous tissue: specific in vivo proteolytic cleavage of only
      alpha1(I) chains.

PMID- 962945
TI  - Increased brain myo-inositol 1-phosphate in lithium-treated rats.

PMID- 962946
TI  - The distribution of tyrosyltubulin ligase in brain and other tissues.

PMID- 962947
TI  - Threonine synthetase from higher plants: stimulation by S-adenosylmethionine and
      inhibition by cysteine.

PMID- 962948
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide generation by the alternate oxidase of higher plants.

PMID- 962949
TI  - Lipid transfer proteins as a tool in the study of membrane structure. Inside
      outside distribution of the phospholipids in the protoplasmic membrane of
      Micrococcus lysodeikticus.

PMID- 962950
TI  - The occurrence of ethanolamine and galactofuranosyl residues attached to
      Penicillium charlesii cell wall saccharides.

PMID- 962951
TI  - "Specific" binding of radioiodinated transferrin to polypropylene culture tubes.

PMID- 962952
TI  - Heparin reacts stoichiometrically with thrombin during thrombin inhibition in
      human plasma.

PMID- 962953
TI  - Evidence for distinct 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA and geranyl-CoA carboxylases in
      Pseudomonas citronellolis.

PMID- 962954
TI  - Turnover of amino-terminal acetylated and non-acetylated hemoglobins in vivo.

PMID- 962955
TI  - Extra components in kinetoplast DNA preparations from Crithidia fasciculata.

PMID- 962956
TI  - Resonance Raman evidence for Fe (IV) in compound II of horseradish peroxidase.

PMID- 962957
TI  - The role of fatty acid binding protein on the metabolism of fatty acids in
      isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 962958
TI  - Disaggregation of elongation factor 1 by extracts of Artemia salina.

PMID- 962959
TI  - Effect of triarimol on cholesterol biosynthesis in rat-liver subcellular.

PMID- 962960
TI  - Induction of the platelet release reaction by concanavalin A-relation of con A
      binding to release and modification of release by ATP, PGE1 and amantadine.

PMID- 962961
TI  - Mode of action of cis-dichloro-diammine platinum(II) on mouse Ehrlich ascites
      tumour cells.

PMID- 962962
TI  - The effect of the convulsant allylglycine (2-amino-4-pentenoic acid) on the
      activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase and the concentration of GABA in
      different regions of guinea pig brain.

PMID- 962963
TI  - Effect of aminoglutethimide and adreno-blocking agents on morphine-induced
      hyperglycemia.

PMID- 962964
TI  - Co-operativity in the cyclic model for drug-receptor interaction.

PMID- 962965
TI  - Changes in liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 induced by dietary proteins and
      lipid material.

PMID- 962966
TI  - Glucuronide synthesis in the isolated perfused rat lung.

PMID- 962967
TI  - Identification of 8, 9-dihydro-8, 9-dihydroxy-7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene as
      a rat liver metabolite of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene.

PMID- 962968
TI  - Synaptosomal transport and acetylation of 3-trimethylamino-propan-1-ol.

PMID- 962969
TI  - Association of Sjogren's syndrome with HLA-B8.
AB  - HLA antigens were examined by microdroplet lymphocyte cytotoxicity in 31 patients
      with Sjogrens syndrome. Fifty percent of 22 Causcasian patients (7 of 17 females
      and 4 of 5 males) had HLA-B8, as compared to 21% of 1205 controls (P=0.002). The
      presence of HLA-B8 was not correlated with parotid salivary flow,
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or focus score. Because of its association with a
      number of autoimmune diseases, including Sjogren's syndrome, it is suggested that
      HLA-B8 is genetically liked to an immune response gene(s) that predisposes the
      individual to autoimmune phenomena. The expression of autoimmunity may be
      determined by infectious or environmental factors.

PMID- 962970
TI  - Rheumatoid factor in acute bacterial endocarditis.
AB  - Sera from 55 parenteral drug abusers with endocarditis due to Staphylococcus
      aureus were assayed for the presence and titer of rheumatoid factor. Thirteen
      (24%) of the 55 patients with endocarditis had sera positive for rheumatoid
      factor at one point or another in their courses; only 2 (7%) of 30 noninfected
      drug users were found to be positive. It appeared that more severe cases, as
      evidenced by duration of fever after initiation of antibiotic therapy, were more
      likely to develop rheumatoid factor.

PMID- 962971
TI  - Connective tissue synthesis by cultured scleroderma fibroblasts. I. In vitro
      collagen synthesis by normal and scleroderma dermal fibroblasts.
AB  - The authors have been unable to demonstrate an increase in collagen synthesis by
      fibroblasts isolated from  sclerodermatous skin. In order to elucidate this
      problem further, scleroderma fibroblasts were biopsied from upper dermis, from
      lower (including subcutaneous) dermis, and from adjacent clinically noninvolved
      skin. All cell lines failed to show a significant increase in collagen synthesis
      when they were compared to control fibroblast lines. One difference among them
      was that fibroblasts from involved areas showed a rate of collagen synthesis
      equal to or less than cells isolated from adjacent clinically noninvolved sites.

PMID- 962972
TI  - Fibrous myopathy. A rheumatic complication of drug abuse.
AB  - A progressive fibrous myopathy may result from chronic intramuscular drug abuse.
      This complication may mimic other rheumatic disorders and early recognition may
      prevent disability. The patient described here presented with fixed flexion and
      extension contracture of hips and knees, respectively, after abusing meperidine
      and other agents for 3 years. Soft tissues of thighs and buttocks were "wood
      hard," EMG showed absence of action potentials in affected muscles, and biopsy
      revealed extensive replacement of muscle with dense, acellular fibrous tissue.
      Possible mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 962973
TI  - Intracellular distribution of radiogold. Localization to large granule membranes.
AB  - The distribution of gold in Kupffer cells and in subcellular fractions of rat
      liver was studied at intervals following intraperitoneal injection of 195Au
      sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine). Kupffer cells, isolated by digestion of whole
      liver with Pronase, had radioactive gold counts per milligram of protein that
      were twice the counts in the digested liver supernatant. After fractionation of
      liver cells by differential centrifugation, radiogold was found predominantly in
      the nuclear, mitochondrial, and lysosomal fractions. When the distribution of
      isotope was related to the protein content, the highest gold concentration was
      found in the lysosomal fraction, where it was 28 times that in the soluble
      fraction. Most radiogold was nondialyzable, probably a result of binding to
      larger intracellular compounds. Approximately 95% of the nondialyzable gold was
      in the organelle membrane of attached to membrane-adsorbed material, as
      determined by treatment of dialyzed mitochondrial and lysosomal fractions with
      Triton X-100. These data suggest that the intracellular locus of gold action may
      reside in organelle membranes.

PMID- 962974
TI  - Carpo:metacarpal ratio. A new quantitative measure of radiologic progression of
      wrist involvement in rheumatioid arthritis.
AB  - Analysis of 878 hand films shows the carpo : metacarpal ratio to be a sensitive
      quantitative index of progression of carpal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.
      This index, easily calculated by dividing the lengths of the carpus by the third
      metacarpal, showed marked consistency in the ratio regardless of age, race, or
      sex in normal adults. A decreased ratio correlated highly with recognized
      radiographic stages of rheumatoid arthritis and thus suggested utility in
      longitudinal studies of patients with this disease.

PMID- 962975
TI  - Letter: Salicylate-induced hepatic injury.

PMID- 962976
TI  - Letter: Hemarthrosis secondary to heparin therapy.

PMID- 962977
TI  - Letter: Diminished in vitro growth of epidermal epithelial cells in PSS.

PMID- 962978
TI  - Letter: RA in dogs.

PMID- 962979
TI  - Letter: Resorption of the mandible in vinyl chloride acro-osteolysis.

PMID- 962980
TI  - Administration of corticosteroids to induce maturation of fetal lung.

PMID- 962981
TI  - Relationship between lipid composition and antibiotic-resistance to isoniazid,
      streptomycin, p-aminosalicylic acid, ethambutol, rifampicin in mycobacteria.
AB  - The content of neutral lipids, peptido-glycolipids and phospholipids, separated
      by solvent extractions and TLC, was investigated and compared in various strains
      of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in Mycobacterium avium. The examined strains
      could be divided into two groups: (i) those possessing a stable INH-resistance
      with a chromosomal location for the resistance genes, in which the content of
      total lipids and the distribution of lipid subfractions were modified with
      respect to the control strain H37Rv; (ii) those strains, such as the mutants
      resistant to streptomycin (Sm), ethambutol (EM), p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and
      rifampicin (R/AMP), uncorrelated drugs with different genetic location of the
      antibiotic-resistance, in which a disturbance of the lipid metabolism does not
      appeared to be significant. TLC and chemical analysis of INH-mutants suggested
      that the decrease of the cell lipids was associated with the peptidoglyco
      phospholipid fraction, while the neutral lipids were characterized by a most
      elevated amount of both menaquinone-9 and free fatty acids, and by comparable
      levels of both glycerides and total fatty acids with respect to the sensitive
      strain. In the pattern of fatty acid shorter than C26 of all the fractions
      studied, no significant differences were observed between the H37Rv strain and
      the other resistant strains, including the M. avium. In the course of the lipid
      analysis no unusual phospholipids in addition to CL, PE and phosphatidylinositol
      oligo-mannoside (PIM) were detected. Reasoning in a speculative way, the dramatic
      fall of the complex lipid elaboration in the INH-resistant mycobacteria, may
      underline a role for these substances in the envelope of the mycobacterial cell
      that defends itself from the selecting attack of the antibiotic molecule and that
      keeps this phenotypic expression of INH-resistance in the mutants.

PMID- 962982
TI  - [Epidemic giardiasis in a nursery and the use of nimorazole in its control
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962983
TI  - [First observations on the variations of parasitic helminth populations from the
      Chilean rodent Octodon degus (author's transl)].

PMID- 962984
TI  - [Diphyllobothrium pacificum (Nybelin, 1931), Margolis 1956. First two human cases
      of infection in Northern Chile (author's transl)].

PMID- 962985
TI  - [Frequency of bovine cysticercosis in Lo Valledor abattoir, Santiago, Chile
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 962986
TI  - [A survey on some nematode parasites of Rattus norvegicus and Ctenomys maulinus
      from Chile (author's transl)].

PMID- 962987
TI  - [Search for Enterobius vermicularis infection in children from two boarding
      schools of the city of Antofagasta. Comparison of the perianal swab Graham's
      method with a modification of the same technique (author's transl)].

PMID- 962988
TI  - [Statistical aspects of human hydatidosis in Chile (1970-1974) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 962989
TI  - Studies on the advent of ureotelism hydrolysis of endogenous and exogenous
      arginine by rat liver arginase.

PMID- 962990
TI  - Association of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - To investigate the association between medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT)
      and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), we assayed 78 sera from patients with thyroid
      diseases for CEA, employing the radioimmunoassay of double antibody technique.
      All 13 sera from patients with MCT had high levels of CEA, ranging from 14 to 170
      ng/ml. Increased serum CEA was noted even in cases of small, localized carcinoma.
      By contrast, serum CEA levels were normal (below 10 ng/ml) in all other
      histological types of thyroid carcinoma (33 cases), except for one case of
      papillary adenocarcinoma. In 32 patients with non-malignant thyroid diseases,
      with few exceptions serum CEA levels remained within the normal range. The
      elevated serum levels of CEA in MCT returned to normal after successful
      operation. Furthermore, very high tissue concentrations of CEA were demonstrated
      in MCT. The results indicate that CEA is actively produced by MCT, and that its
      measurement is useful in the diagnosis and management of the disease. It is
      suggested that the highly specific association of CEA with MCT may well be
      related to a defect of neural crest origin.

PMID- 962991
TI  - Anti-tumour immunity in malignant melanoma assay by tube leucocyte adherence
      inhibition.
AB  - Tumour antigen-induced inhibition of leucocyte adherence was modified for use in
      glass test tubes (Tube LAI assay) for the study of cell-mediated anti-tumour
      immunity to human malignant melanoma. Peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of 20 out
      of 25 patients (80%) with active malignant melanoma responded to an extract of
      malignant melanoma with LAI, whereas only 4-5% of 475 control subjects showed a
      response. The malignant melanoma patients reacted to both allogeneic and
      autologous extracts of malignant melanoma which indicates a common cross-reacting
      antigen. Malignant melanoma patients did not respond to unrelated tumour
      extracts. The LAI was mediated by PBL (monocytes) "armed" with cytophilic anti
      tumour antibody specific for the sensitizing tumour antigen. The anti-tumour
      response of the malignant melanoma patients was dependent on the stage of the
      cancer, and 11 out of 13 Stage I patients had a positive NAI,  whereas patients
      with disseminated cancer had decreased response. The diminished LAI in patients
      with large tumour burdens appeared to be the result of release of tumour antigen
      systemically. Also, surgery and chemotherapy depressed LAI. Although LAI was
      depressed after surgical excision of the cutaneous melanoma, most patients showed
      LAI 1-3 months later. Tumour-free melanoma patients monitored for one year by the
      Tube LAI assay showed a decline in their anti-tumour immunity 5-6 months after
      surgery. The NAI was low or negative after the 8th post-surgical month in tumour
      free patients. Patients with residual malignant melanoma showed persistent or 
      recurrent LAI after the 8th post-surgical month. LAI reactivity monitored after
      "curative" surgery for malignant melanoma may assist in determining whether the
      patient is tumour-free or has a recurrence.

PMID- 962992
TI  - Chemical transformation of Chinese hamster cells. I. A comparison of some
      properties of transformed cells.
AB  - Fifty-one subclones from carcinogen-treated cells of 3 tissues (kidney, liver and
      prostate) of the male Chinese hamster have been studied to determine the
      relationships of 3 criteria of in vitro transformation: morphological change,
      increased plating efficiency and growth in soft agar. There was no correlation
      between increased plating efficiency and the other 2 parameters. Morphological
      change was not always easily recognisable, particularly in cells derived from
      liver, and was not always a stable feature of any given subclone. This may be due
      to the technique of isolation used (ring cloning) or may be due to chemically
      treated cells requiring long periods of culturing before attaining a stable
      phenotype. When a stable morphological appearance was achieved, there was good
      correlation between transformed morphology and colony formation in soft agar. The
      problems of scoring morphological change as an assessment of malignant
      transformation, and the importance of spontaneous morphological changes are
      discussed.

PMID- 962993
TI  - Serum ferritin concentration in untreated Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Serum ferritin has been estimated in 125 untreated patients with Hodgkin's
      disease. Increasing concentrations are found at each advancing stage of the
      disease and high concentrations are found in patients with systemic symptoms. In
      all cases this is associated with a low serum Fe concentration and reduced
      transferrin saturation. There is no relationship between serum ferritin
      concentration and histological type of disease. The findings are compatible with
      a non-specific response of the reticuloendothelial system to malignancy,
      producing a secondary disorder of Fe metabolism.

PMID- 962994
TI  - Clinical trial of combination chemotherapy and specific active immunotherapy in
      disseminated melanoma.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were randomly allocated
      to two treatment groups. The first group C received combination chemotherapy
      consisting of DTIC and ICRF 159. The second group (C+I) received the same
      chemotherapy but were also immunized with 2 X 10(7) irradiated allogeneic
      melanoma cells mixed with 50 mug of percutaneous BCG. The survival rates in both
      treatment groups C and (C+I) were not significantly different, and only minor
      enhancement of the chemotherapy was found in the (C+I) group. A similar pattern
      of tissue response was observed in both groups: lymph node, skin and, to some
      extent liver metastases, respond better than other sites.

PMID- 962995
TI  - Distribution of survival times of 12,000 head and neck cancer patients who died
      with their disease.
AB  - The lognormal parametric statistical model can provide, for groups of carcinoma
      cervix patients, good estimates of long-term survival fractions several years
      earlier than would otherwise be possible. The present paper extends this model
      work to head and neck cancer by using a minimum chi-squared test for goodness of
      fit (P greater than 0-05), to study the distribution of survival times of
      patients who died with their cancer present. Some 12,000 case histories were
      available from 7 hospital registries, 4 regional cancer registries and one
      national registry (the OPCS). All histories were followed up for at least 10
      years subsequent to treatment and could be grouped into one of 8 cancer sites:
      antrum, floor of mouth, larynx, nasopharynx, pyriform fossa, post cricoid, tonsil
      and tongue. The theoretical distributions investigated were the lognormal,
      negative exponential and skew exponential. The results showed that the lognormal
      provided the best overall fit to the data, although the range of optimum values
      for the lognormal parameter, S, differed with cancer site. The optimum range did,
      however, usually include the value S=0-45. These results will now permit the
      second stage of validation of the lognormal model to proceed for head and neck
      cancers.

PMID- 962996
TI  - Faecal steroids and bacteria and large bowel cancer in Hong Kong by socio
      economic groups.
AB  - In a study of three socio-economic groups in Hong Kong, the high income group had
      a high faecal concentration of bile acids, especially the dihydroxy bile acids,
      compared to the low income group. The faecal bile acids were also more highly
      degraded. The faecal flora contained more bacteroides and fewer eubacteria. Very
      few of the clostridia able to dehydrogenate the steroid nucleus were isolated. An
      epidemiological study based on street blocks indicated that the high income group
      also have a higher incidence of cancer of the large bowel and of the breast. The
      results are discussed in terms of theories on the aetiology of large bowel
      cancer.

PMID- 962997
TI  - The processing of digits by children with specific reading disability (dyslexia).

PMID- 962998
TI  - Predictions of mortality from mesothelial tumours in asbestos factory workers.
AB  - Using the accumulated data on deaths from mesothelial tumours among cohorts of
      male and female factory workers at a London asbestos textile factory, the
      mortality from this cause up to the year 2000 AD has been predicted. The
      limitations of the methods used are pointed out, but it is estimated that for men
      the mortality due to mesothelial tumours will be between 7% and 11% of the total
      mortality and somewhat higher for women. The highest number of deaths from
      mesothelial tumours will occur during the 1980s, thereafter the numbers will
      decline because of the decreasing size of the cohort resulting from general
      mortality.

PMID- 962999
TI  - Monitoring liver disorders in vinyl chloride monomer workers using greyscale
      ultrasonography.
AB  - Recognition that vinyl chloride could be hepatotoxic led to a survey of workers
      to determine whether changes had been induced by past exposure, and to evaluate
      standard liver function tests as monitors of early liver abnormalities. Standard
      liver function tests were found to be unsuitable for the detection of such
      abnormalities in the population at risk. Of 487 workers examined, 102 (20-9%) had
      abnormalities on initial testing but only two were finally shown to have portal
      hypertension; in both cases, thrombocytopaenia provided the first diagnostic
      evidence since liver function tests were normal. Furthermore, 40 (35-7%) of 112
      control subjects had initial test abnormalities. A sample of 19 workers with
      various exposures to vinyl chloride monomer were examined blind by greyscale
      ultrasonography. Five with minimal or no exposure were confirmed as normal but 12
      of the remainder had abnormalities. These consisted of an enlarged portal vein
      (seven instances), splenomegaly (eight), and changes in hepatic texture (seven).
      Five of these 12 cases had previously been considered normal. It was concluded
      that greyscale ultrasonography had many advantages over standard methods for
      screening workers exposed to hepatotoxic chemicals, and should be the subject of
      a large scale evaluation.

PMID- 963000
TI  - Loss of pulmonary elastic recoil in workers formerly exposed to proteolytic
      enzyme (alcalase) in the detergent industry.
AB  - Sixty-seven workers in the detergent industry whose exposure to proteolytic
      enzyme ceased in 1969 have been examined clinically and functionally. By
      comparison with 42 lightly and moderately exposed subjects, 13 heavily exposed
      subjects showed significant loss of pulmonary elastic recoil as evidenced by
      increased lung volumes and increased pulmonary compliance, but there were no
      differences in airways resistance or other parameters of lung function. No
      difference was found between the two groups in relation to symptoms on exposure,
      current exercise tolerance, skin reactivity to the proteolytic enzyme alcalase,
      trypsin inhibitor capacity, and other features. An increased clinical grade of
      breathlessness was associated with evidence of airways obstruction, but not of
      altered elastic recoil. Comparison of the data on lung mechanics with results
      obtained in 1970 suggests that partial recovery of pulmonary elastic recoil may
      have occurred in some cases. It is also suggested that diminished elastic recoil,
      in the absence of impairment of transfer factor at rest, may reflect altered
      physical properties of the lung fibre network without loss of effective surface
      area available for gas exchange.

PMID- 963001
TI  - Byssinosis: a follow-up study of cotton ginnery workers in the Sudan.
AB  - A follow-up study of lung function tests and dust measurements was undertaken in
      ginnery workers employed in five ginning factories. Respiratory symptoms and
      respiratory function tests (FEV1 and FVC) were first recorded in 1967 on a total
      of 382 workers (323 permanently employed ginnery workers, 35 seasonal farfara
      workers, and 24 fire brigade men as controls). In 1969 after a six-month break
      from ginning before the start of the season, a follow-up study of lung function
      tests was undertaken on 96% of the same workers (306 ginnery workers, 35 farfara,
      and 24 fire brigade men). Because of the lapse of two years a new adjustment for
      age and height was made so as to compare the FEV1 measured in the follow-up
      study. The fire brigade men showed an expected fall in FEV1 during the two-year
      period, whereas the ginnery workers showed a rise presumably because they had had
      no dust exposure during the previous six months. The differences between the
      degree of change in these groups were statistically significant. In 1967 only the
      fine dust (less than 7 mum) was measured, while in 1969 the concentration of fine
      and medium dust, that is, less fly was measured. The factories were divided into
      three groups according to dust concentration. Comparison between the three
      factory groups and farfara shows a positive association between the level of dust
      concentration less fly and the prevalence of cough and phlegm. Since age did not
      appear to be a significant factor in the prevalence of byssinosis, comparisons
      between permanent workers in these three groups of factories and farfara workers
      taken separately were made without age standardization. The overall differences
      were statistically significant. There was a marked trend showing a positive
      association between prevalence of byssinosis and level of cotton dust
      concentration in the factories. The correlation between dust levels and the
      prevalence of byssinosis was nearly perfect when the time factor was included.

PMID- 963002
TI  - Acute inhalation toxicity of cotton plant dusts.
AB  - The number of free lung-cells was studied in guinea-pigs after acute exposure to
      extracts of various cotton dusts. A good correlation was found between the
      increase in number of leucocytes in the airways and the number of Gram-negative
      bacteria in the different dusts. Experiments using the Shwartzmann reaction and
      the Limulus titration test demonstrated a relationship between the content of
      different endotoxins in the dusts and the pulmonary reaction. A model for the
      acute exposure effects after exposure to cotton dust is proposed.

PMID- 963003
TI  - Energy expenditure and physiological performance of Sudanese cane cutters.
AB  - The thermal and exercise tolerances of 165 Sudanese cane cutters were measured in
      the laboratory and related to work performance and productivity in the cane
      fields. The results showed that the amount of cane cut per minute in the field
      was significantly correlated with changes in body weight (r = +0-53) during the
      third hour of work, aerobic energy expenditure (r = + 0-43), and cardiac
      frequency during work. These variables in turn were associated with predicted
      maximal power output (VO2 max) measured in the laboratory. The average energy
      expenditure during cane cutting was 1-66 +/- 0-33 1/min-1 (34-9 kJ/min-1) which
      represents approximately 60% of the workers predicted VO2 max. This rate of
      energy expenditure was sustained in the cane fields for at least three hours
      without significant pauses for rest. The sweat losses measured in 32 cane cutters
      during the two and three hours of work averaged 637 +/- 221 and 770 +/- 282 g/h-1
      respectively, while the mean urine temperature immediately on cessation of effort
      was 37-74 +/- 0-46 degrees C. Despite the additional environmental heat load of
      the tropics, it would seem that cane cutters performing a self-paced task
      demanding heavy physical effort, are able to sustain work levels well in excess
      of those recommended for most European factory workers without obvious signs of
      fatigue or heat stress.

PMID- 963004
TI  - Urinary non-precipitable lead in lead workers.
AB  - Sixty-six workers engaged in lead-glazing pottery with a presumed moderate
      exposure to lead were studied. The group comprised 20 men with long-term exposure
      to lead and positive laboratory signs of increased lead absorption (Group A); 22
      with long-term exposure and negative laboratory signs (Group B); 11 with short
      term exposure and positive laboratory signs (Group C); and 13 with short-term
      exposure and negative laboratory signs (Group D). In addition, 14 workers
      employed in casting the kelmet alloys with presumed heavy exposure to lead (Group
      E) and seven healthy individuals (Group F) were included. Urine samples from all
      the subjects were analysed to determine, first, the total lead using the ashing
      technique, and then the precipitable lead using the coprecipitation technique of
      Cholak, Hubbard, and Burkey (1948), but modified slightly by us. Thus, the non
      precipitable lead fraction in urine was the difference between the two
      measurements and this was also expressed as a percentage of the total lead. The
      mean total lead and the mean proportion of non-precipitable lead were 0.62
      mumol/l and 48.7%, 0.35 mumol/l and 44.9%, 0.40 mumol/l and 48.9%, 0.17 mumol/l
      and 24.6%, 1.43 mumol/l and 44.3%, 0.14 mumol/l and 18.8% for Groups A, B, C, D,
      E, and F respectively, showing that a large part of urinary lead was eliminated
      as precipitable lead in Groups D and F who had normal lead excretion, while about
      half was eliminated as non-precipitable lead in the other four groups who had
      excessive lead excretion. No essential difference in the proportion of non
      precipitable lead among Groups A, B and C excluded the possibility that the
      proportion might be directly related to the period of exposure to lead and to the
      laboratory findings of excessive lead absorption. The mean proportion of non
      precipitable lead for the physiological (up to 0.240 mumol/l), intermediate
      (0.241 to 0.721 mumol/l), and excessive (above 0.722 mumol/l) total lead levels
      was 26.7, 41.3, and 52.3% respectively, in the lead workers comprising Groups A,
      B, C, and E each showing increased lead excretion when grouped together. these
      data suggested that, when urinary lead is within the normal range, it is excreted
      largely as precipitable lead even in individuals exposed to lead, and that the
      principal conditions determining the excretion of non-precipitable lead would be
      the current or recent degree of lead absorption. The excretory mechanisms and the
      biological significance of the non-precipitable lead are also discussed.

PMID- 963005
TI  - Erythrocyte fluorescence and lead intoxication.
AB  - Blood samples from people exposed to inorganic lead were examined by fluorescence
      microscopy for excess erythrocyte porphyrin. With continued lead absorption,
      fluorescent erythrocytes appeared in the circulation of workers handling this
      metal or its compounds, and they progressively increased in number and
      brilliance. These changes ensued if the blood lead concentration was maintained
      above 2-42 mumol/l (50 mug/100 ml), and preceded any material fall in the
      haemoglobin value. At one factory, 62-5% of 81 symptomless workers showed
      erythrocyte fluorescence attributable to the toxic effects of lead. Excess
      fluorocytes were found in blood samples from a child with pica and three of her
      eight siblings. These four were subsequently shown to have slightly increased
      blood lead concentrations (2-03 to 2-32 mumol/l). Fluorescence microscopy for
      excess erythrocyte porphyrin is a sensitive method for the detection of chronic
      lead intoxication. A relatively slight increase in the blood lead is associated
      with demonstrabel changes in erythrocyte porphyrin content. The procedure
      requires little blood, and may be performed upon stored samples collected for
      lead estimation. The results are not readily influenced by contamination, and
      provide good confirmatory evidence for the absorption of biochemically active
      lead.

PMID- 963006
TI  - Parosmia and hyposmia induced by solvent exposure.

PMID- 963007
TI  - A mathematical model for conflicting judgements caused by stress, applied to
      possible misestimations of speed caused by alcohol.

PMID- 963008
TI  - A model for institutional disturbances.

PMID- 963009
TI  - Catalytic activation of transfer ribonucleic acid by a mammalian protein.
AB  - A tRNA activator has been isolated from mammalian organs which increases the
      capability of tRNA to accept certain amino acids through the action of mammalian
      aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. This activity may be separated from the aminoacyl
      tRNA synthetases for isoleucine, lysine, serine, and methionine by fractionation
      of liver or pancreas cytosol with ammonium sulfate or by chromatography over
      Sephadex G-200. The tRNA activating material is nondialyzable and is destroyed by
      trypsin or short heating. It acts catalytically. A molecular weight of
      approximately 45,000 was obtained by chromatography of tRNA activator on a
      calibrated Sephadex G-150 column. Activator increases acceptance of yeast tRNA
      for the amino acids isoleucine, leucine, lysine, serine, and methionine. It shows
      higher activity on liver tRNAMet f, tRNAMet m, and tRNALys than on unfractionated
      liver tRNA. Removal of protein from mammalian tRNA by extra phenol extractions,
      chromatography, or proteinase treatment increases its response to activator.

PMID- 963010
TI  - Nearest neighbor analysis of heparin: identification and quantitation of the
      products formed by selective depolymerization procedures.
AB  - Heparin was carboxyl-reduced with sodium boro[3H]hydride and converted to a
      mixture of oligosaccharides by treatment with nitrous acid at pH 2. The
      oligosaccharide mixture was aldehyde-reduced with sodium boro[3H]hydride and the
      mixture of products, labeled both in the hexoses formed in the carboxyl-reduction
      step and in the reducing sugars formed in the nitrous acid reaction, was
      separated and analyzed. The major product, L-idosyl 2-sulfate leads to anhydro-D
      mannitol 6-sulfate (I), contained 60% of hexoses derived from the hexuronic acid
      residues in the original heparin. A second product, which contained 15% of the
      hexoses derived from the hexuronic acid residues in the original heparin, was
      identified as a tetrasaccharide composed of two L-idosyl 2-sulfate residues, one
      anhydro-D-mannitol 6-sulfate residue (the reducing end),and a
      hydroxymethylpentose sulfate residue formed by deamination of a disulfated D
      glucosamine residue without bond cleavage. Several additional disaccharides
      derived from the regions of the polymer which contained D-glucuronic acid
      residues and lower degrees of O-sulfation were also identified among the
      deamination products. The oligosaccharides that were obtained accounted for 100%
      of the original carboxyl-reduced heparin, and paper chromatographic profiles of
      the oligosaccharide separations can be used as a fingerprint of the heparin
      preparation. The properties of I were examined in greater detail. The glycosidic
      bond of the L-idosyl 2-sulfate residue was found to be extremely labile to 0.1 N
      HCl at 100 degrees C, hydrolyzing with a t 1/2 of 18 min to give high yields of L
      idose 2-sulfate and anhydro-D-mannitol 6-sulfate. L-Idofuranose was also
      identified as an intermediate in the conversion of L-idose 2-sulfate to L-idosan.
      The acid lability of the L-idosyl 2-sulfate bond in I offers a new route for the
      selective cleavage of carboxyl-reduced heparin.

PMID- 963011
TI  - Oligosaccharides of human milk: isolation and characterization of two new
      nonasaccharides, monofucosyllacto-N-octaose and monofucosyllacto-N-neooctaose.

PMID- 963012
TI  - 2-Imino-2-methoxyethyl 1-thioglycosides: new reagents for attaching sugars to
      proteins.
AB  - Cyanomethyl 1-thioglycosides ofD-galactose, D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D
      glucose, and D-mannose were prepared from the respective pseudothiourea
      derivatives and chloroacetonitrile. The nitrile group in these cyanomethyl
      thioglycosides can be converted to a methyl imidate group by treatment with
      sodium methoxide or HC1 in dry methanol to yield 2-imino-2-methoxyethyl 1
      thioglycosides (IME-thioglycosides). The factors influencing the yield of IME
      thioglycosides were investigated. The most convenient method of preparing IME
      thioglycosides was treating 0.1 M cyanomethyl thioglycoside peracetate in dry
      methanol with 0.01 M sodium methoxide at room temperature for 24-48 h (50-60%
      yield). These IME-thioglycosides reacted readily with simple amines, amino acids,
      and proteins in mildly alkaline buffer solutions. Alpha-amylase and lysozyme
      modified with these reagents under appropriate conditions retained full
      activities. Thus the IME-thioglycosides constitute a new group of reagents for
      attaching sugars to proteins.

PMID- 963013
TI  - Attachment of thioglycosides to proteins: enhancement of liver membrane binding.
AB  - Thioglycosides of D-galactose, D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and D-mannose
      were covalently attached to Aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase, hen's eggs
      lysozyme, and bovine serum albumin by amidination, diazo coupling, and amide
      formation. The binding of the newly formed glycoproteins (neoglycoproteins) to
      rabbit liver membranes was measured, using asialoorosomucoid as a reference.
      Attachment of D-galactosides by any of the three methods enhanced binding by
      several orders of magnitude. Coupling of a comparable number of D-mannosides or N
      acetyl-D-glucosaminides had little or no effect. Attachment of D-glucosides also
      enhanced binding but to a variable extent depending on the method of attachment.
      Thus, the behavior of neoglycoproteins toward rabbit liver membranes closely
      paralleled that of serum glycoproteins (Ashwell and Morell, 1974) with respect to
      sugar specificity.

PMID- 963014
TI  - Biosynthesis of steroid sulfates by the boar testes.
AB  - The steroidogenic enzymes present in boar testicular tissue have been shown to
      use steroid sulfates as substrates. Pregnenolone sulfate, doubly labeled with 3H
      in the nucleus and 35S, was incubated with the microsomal fraction of boar
      testicular tissue and a reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide generating system
      and 17-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate as well as dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate were
      isolated. These products had the same 3H to 35S ratio as the substrate
      demonstrating that the conversions had taken place with the sulfate group intact.
      Thus testicular 17-hydroxylase and C-17,20-desmolase can convert delta5-3beta-yl
      sulfates into products which still contain the sulfate group at C-3. An unusual
      steroid sulfate, doubly labeled 5,16-androstadien-3beta-yl sulfate, was also
      isolated demonstrating that such an olefin can be biosynthetized via steroid
      sulfate pathways. In a second experiment small amounts of [3H]-21
      hydroxypregnenolone sulfate were isolated from the incubation of [3H]pregnenolone
      sulfate with microsomes from boar testes. The isolation of the 21-hydroxylated
      steroid sulfate is taken as support for the hypothesis that delta16 steroids are
      biosynthesized from their C21 precursors by events that are initiated by
      oxygenation at C-21.

PMID- 963015
TI  - Role of cyclic electron transport in photosynthesis as measured by the
      photoinduced turnover of P700 in vivo.
AB  - The light-induced turnover of P700 was measured spectrophotometrically in a wide
      variety of algae and some photosynthetic mutants. Analysis of the
      postillumination recovery of P700+ revealed that the apparent first-order rate
      constant for reduction via the cyclic pathway was much lower that that via the
      noncyclic pathway. After activation of photosystems 1 and 2 the half-time for
      reduction of P700+ was 5-20 ms, whereas after activation of primarily photosystem
      1 a longer half-time of ca. 150 ms was observed. The extent of the photooxidation
      of P700 was the same in both regimes of illumination. The longer half-time was
      also noted after inhibition of photosystem 2 by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1
      dimethylurea or mild heat shock and in mutant algae known to lack a functional
      photosystem 2. No signal was observed in mutants lacking P700 itself but those
      strains lacking either plastocyanin or cytochrome f were capable of a very slow
      turnover (reduction t 1/2 greater than 500 ms at room temperature). This very
      slow turnover was not affected by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone or the
      plastoquinone antagonist, 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone,
      indicating that the pathway for reduction of P700+ in these mutants is not energy
      linked and does not utilize the intersystem electron transport chain. The slow,
      150 ms, reduction of P700+ due to cyclic flow was not observed when cells were
      engaged in photosynthesis at high-light intensities. The data are interpreted as
      evidence for the involvement of the total functional pool of P700 in both
      electron transport pathways, and we suggest that cyclic electron transport does
      not contribute to photosynthesis in oxygen-evolving autotrophs.

PMID- 963016
TI  - Proton magnetic resonance study of the intramolecular association and
      conformation of the alpha and beta pyridine mononucleotides and nucleosides.
AB  - The chemical shifts and coupling constants are reported for the proton nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the alpha and beta anomers of the oxidized
      and reduced pyridine mononucleotides and nucleosides. The pseudorotational
      conformational analyses of the ribose coupling constants indicate that the ribose
      conformation for beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide, beta NMN, can best be
      described by a 3:1 mixture of interconverting 3'-exo (S) and 2'-exo (N)
      conformers. Reduction of betaNMN to betaNMNH results in phase angles consistent
      with interconverting 2'-endo (S) and 3'-endo (N) conformers without changes in
      the conformer populations. Cleavage of the 5'-phosphate from betaNMN has a
      significant effect on the phase angles (becoming more like those for betaNMNH),
      conformer population (the N and S conformers become nearly equal), and the
      distribution of the rotational isomers around the ribose 4'-5' bond to the
      exocyclic methylene (the gauche-gauche population decreases by about 25%). In
      contrast, for betaNMNH these parameters are all insensitive to dephosphorylation.
      The pseudorotational analysis has been extended to define the conformational
      parameters of alpha nucleotides. Analysis of the coupling constants for the alpha
      anomers indicates that the phase angles, conformer populations, and rotational
      isomers are generally insensitive to dephosphorylation, whereas both the phase
      angle and conformer populations are strongly dependent on the redox state of the
      base, alphaNMN being predominantly 2'-endo and alphaNMNH exclusively 2'-exo. The
      rotational isomers around the 4'-5' and 5'- O bonds are found to be insensitive
      to.the large changes in ribose conformation in the absence of any interaction
      with the base. The results are discussed in terms of relative contributions from
      base-ribose, ribose-side chain, and base-side chain interactions to the general
      conformational restraints imposed by the cis-2'-3'-hydroxyl interaction in beta
      nucleotides and the additional cis-2'-hydroxyl-base interaction in alpha
      nucleotides. The significance of these interactions with respect to the enzymatic
      and nonenzymatic properties of the pyridine nucleotides is also considered.

PMID- 963017
TI  - The construction and testing of a simple, slow delivery-rapid quench apparatus.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive, slow delivery-rapid quench apparatus is described. The
      apparatus can be used to mix small volumes (about 50 mul) of equilibrium mixtures
      of enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes with a quenching solution,
      ideally to inactivate the enzyme more rapidly than such complexes can be
      inconverted. The efficiency of the apparatus is tested by (a) injecting basic
      solutions of an indicator dye into acid and observing the length of the
      unbleached plume of dye produced at the delivery tip and (b) by forming an enzyme
      substrate complex with 32P-labeled phosphoglucomutase and measuring the extent of
      label transfer prior to inactivation by the quenching solution. Problems that may
      be encountered in attempts to inactivate equilibrium mixtures of enzyme-substrate
      and enzyme-product complexes without producing quenching artifacts are
      considered.

PMID- 963018
TI  - Thermodynamics and mechanism of the PO3 transfer process in the
      phosphoglucomutase reaction.
AB  - The equilibria among the central complexes in the phosphoglucomutase system were
      evaluated by (a) using an excess of enzyme plus Mg2+ to prepare mixtures with
      glucose phosphates in which essentially no free glucose phosphates were present;
      (b) inactivating the enzyme in such mixtures by means of a procedure that
      prevents substantial interconversion of the central complexes; and (c) assaying
      the quenched mixture for glucose 1-P, glucose 1-6-P2, and glucose-6-P. The
      fractional amounts of Ep-Mg-Glc-1-P, ED-Mg-Glc-P2, and Ep-Mg-Glc-6-P present at
      pH 7.5 and 24 degrees C were 0.13, 0.54, and 0.33. (Ep and ED are the phospho and
      dephospho forms of the enzyme, respectively). From these fractions and the
      equilibrium isotope exchange constants for the three sugar phosphates, true
      dissociation constants can be calculated for each of the above complexes: 8.5
      muM, 19 nM, and 57 muM, respectively. Relative to the rate of PO3 transfer to
      water, a 3 x 10(10)-fold rate increase is produced by binding glucose-1-P to the
      Mg2+-enzyme (Ray, jr., W.J., Long, J.W., and Owens, J.D. (1976), Biochemistry,
      the following paper in this issue). This "substrate-induced rate effect" is
      equivalent to a difference of some 14 kcal in Gibbs activation energies for
      transfer to chemically similar hydroxyl groups, and most of this energy
      difference ultimately must be rationalized in terms of binding interactions
      involving the phosphoglucosyl moiety. Three different mechanisms for using
      substrate binding energy to reduce the activation energy of the subsequent
      catalytic step are examined as possible explanations for the substrate-induced
      rate effect. These mechanisms emphasize (a) enthalpic destabilization and (b)
      (entropic) immobilization of reactant groups during formation of the enzyme
      substrate complex, and (c) increased binding interactions of nonreactant groups
      during the subsequent approach to the transition state. As a test for enthalpic
      destabilization of the enzymic phosphate group, values of deltaG degrees' for the
      hydrolytic cleavage of this group in Ep and Ep-Glc-1-P are calculated from
      equilibria measured at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C: about -1 and +1.4 kcal/mol,
      respectively. To test for destabilization of the acceptor hydroxyl group in the
      enzyme-substrate complex, deltaG degrees' for equilibrium, Ep-Glc-P in
      equilibrium ED-Glc-P2, is compared with that for the corresponding process
      involving the nonrigid acceptor, 1,4-butanediol monophosphate: about -0.9 and 
      1.9 kcal, respectively. These results are not consistent with a large enthalpic
      destabilization of the reactant groups in the Ep-Glc-1-P complex. To test for
      entropic immobilization of reactant groups, glucose-6-phosphate is considered as
      a bidentate ligand, and the chelate effect on the binding and subsequent enzymic
      transfer reaction that arises from covalently linked the sugar ring and the PO3
      group is evaluated. Reference reactions involving xylose as a PO3 acceptor both
      in the presence and absence of bond (inorganic) phosphite are used...

PMID- 963019
TI  - An analysis of the substrate-induced rate effect in the phosphoglucomutase
      system.
AB  - The rate constant for the catalytic transfer of the active-site PO3 group from
      rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase to the hydroxyl group of a water molecule is
      about 3 x 10(-8) s-1 under optimal reaction conditions, but in the absence of the
      normal substrate, viz., at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C, in the presence of saturating
      Mg2+; the corresponding constant for transfer to the 6-hydroxyl group of glucose
      1-phosphate under analogous conditions, about 1000 s-1, is larger than this by
      some 3 x 10(10)-fold. Since no single factor appears to be capable of providing a
      rationale for a majority of this "substrate-induced rate effect" (Ray, jr., W.J.,
      and Long, J.W. (1976), Biochemistry, the preceding paper in this issue), the
      change in the PO3-transfer rate produced by binding various parts of the
      phosphoglucosyl moiety to the enzyme, both separately and concurrently, was
      investigated. The rate of PO3 transfer to water is increased by up to 1000-fold
      by binding entities that provide the active site with a second PO3 group, e.g.,
      ethyl phosphate or inorganic phosphite. Using an alcoholic acceptor further
      increases transfer efficiency (in the presence of bound phosphite): increase with
      methanol, about 2000-fold on a molar basis. The reactivities of ten other primary
      aliphatic alcohols vary by nearly 600-fold as the acidity of the PO3 acceptor is
      varied over a 4000-fold range. Although no straightforward relationship is
      observed between the efficiency of an alcohol as an acceptor and its acidity -
      presumably because of complications due to steric effects, for example - an
      increased transfer rate of 100-fold, relative to the water reaction, is estimated
      for a simple primary alcohol with a pKa similar to that expected for the 6
      hydroxyl group of glucose 1-phosphate, when the alcohol is present at a
      concentration of 1 M. Joining an alcoholic acceptor and a PO3 group via five
      apparently inert bridging units changes PO3 transfer to an intramolecular
      process; in the case of 1,4-butanediol monophosphate the rate of transfer also
      increases by 240-fold, relative to the analogous reaction in the presence of 1 M
      propanol and bound inorganic phosphite. Comparable values also are obtained in
      comparisons of PO3 transfer rates for trans- 1,4-butenediol and 1,4-butynediol
      monophosphates relative to 1 M allyl and propargyl alcohols, respectively, in the
      presence of bound phosphite. An increased rate of transfer also is produced by
      binding the xylosyl part of the glucose ring, either when the acceptor is an
      hydroxyl group attached to the ring or when it is the hydroxyl group of a water
      molecule, e.g., as in the water reaction facilitated by bound xylose 1-phosphate.
      These and other results suggest that most of the differences between the rates of
      the water reaction and the glucose 1-phosphate reaction can be rationalized in
      terms of four fairly discrete factors whose approximate values are as follows:
      the PO4 factor, 1000-fold; the C-OH/H-OH factor, 100-fold; the nucleophile
      binding factor, 250-fold; and the (CHOH)3-bridging factor, 200-fold...

PMID- 963020
TI  - The thermodynamic and structural differences among the catalytically active
      complexes of phosphoglucomutase: metal ion effects.
AB  - When the identity of the metal ion activator, M, is changed within the series,
      Zn2+, Co2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Cd2+, the equilibrium distribution among the
      central complexes in the phosphoglucomutase system is markedly altered. (The
      central complexes are Ep-M-Glc-6-P, ED-M-Glc-1,6-P2, and Ep-M-Glc-1-P, where Ep
      and ED are the phospho and dephospho forms of the enzyme). This altered
      distribution is caused by a metal-specific change in the equilibrium constant for
      transfer of the enzymic PO3 group to bound glucose monophosphates: 65-fold as M
      is varied from Zn2+ to Cd2+. This change in equilibrium is related to metal
      specific differences in chemical potential of the phosphate group in the Ep-M
      complex; these differences in chemical potential remain in the Ep-M-Glc-1-P and
      Ep-M-Glc-6-P complexes, but essentially disappear in the ED-M-Glc-1,6-P2 complex.
      If glucose monophosphates are considered as substrates, and glucose bisphosphate
      as the product, there is a direct relationship between the equilibrium
      concentration of enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes (when these are
      varied by changing the identity of the bound metal ion) and the ultraviolet
      spectrum of the equilibrium mixture of complexes, as assessed by difference
      spectroscopy (Peck, E.J., Jr., and Ray, W.J., Jr. (1969), J. Biol, Chem. 244,
      3754). These spectral changes apparently are caused by an alteration in the
      conformation of the enzyme during transfer of a PO3 group between the enzyme and
      the glucose phosphate moiety, or as the result of it. The extent to which
      conformational changes accompany group-transfer processes in other enzymic
      systems is not clear, but it is possible that analogous changes may help to
      account for the "half-of-the-sites reactivity" observed with a number of
      multimeric enzymes.

PMID- 963021
TI  - Synthesis of human [9-leucine-B] Insulin.
AB  - The synthesis and isolation in purified form of [Leu9-B]insulin, a biologically
      active analogue of human insulin, is described. This analogue differs from the
      parent molecule in that the polar residue, serine, occupying position 9 in the B
      chain and located on the outside of the insulin molecule, has been replaced with
      the hydrophobic leucine residue. For the synthesis of this analogue the [Leu9]B
      chain of human insulin was chemically synthesized by the fragment condensation
      approach and isolated in the S-sulfonated form. Combination of this compound with
      the sulfhydryl form of human A chain afforded [Leu9-B]insulin. Separation of this
      analogue from the combination mixture and isolation as the hydrochloride in
      purified form were accomplished by chromatography on a carboxymethylcellulose
      column with an acetate buffer (pH 3.3) and an exponential sodium chloride
      gradient. [Leu9-B]Insulin possesses a potency of 13-14 IU/mg when assayed by the
      mouse convulsion method and 11-12 IU/mg by the radioimmunoassay method as
      compared to 23-25 IU/mg possessed by the natural hormone.

PMID- 963022
TI  - Synthesis of two biologically active insulin analogues with modifications at the
      N-terminal and N- and C-terminal amino acid residues.
AB  - The synthesis and isolation in purified form of two analogues of insulin is
      described. [21-Isoasparagine-A] ([Iasn21-A]) insulin differs from the parent
      molecule in that the amino acid residue, asparagine, found at the C terminus of
      the A chain (A21) has been replaced by isoasparagine. [Sar1, Iasn21-A] insulin
      differs from insulin in that both the A1 and A21 amino acid residues, glycine and
      asparagine, have been substituted by sarcosine and isoasparagine, respectively.
      The synthesis of these analogues followed the pattern employed in this laboratory
      for the synthesis of insulin and its analogues. The S-sulfonated derivatives of
      the A chain analogues were chemically synthesized, converted to their sulfhydryl
      forms, and then combined with the S-sulfonated B chain to produce the respective
      insulin analogues. Isolation of the insulin analogues from the combination
      mixtures was effected by chromatography on a carboxymethylcellulose column with
      an exponential sodium chloride gradient. By the mouse convulsion assay method
      [Iasn21-A]insulin possessed a potency of 21 IU/mg and [Sar1, Iasn21-A] insulin 15
      IU/mg. The radioimmunoassay method gave values of 16 IU/mg for the former and
      7IU/mg for the altter analogue. The natural hormone has a potency of 23-25 IU/mg
      by both assay methods. These data indicate that the alpha- and beta-carboxyl
      groups of the A21 amino acid residue are nearly equivalent in terms of their
      contribution to the expression of the biological activity of insulin.
      Furthermore, these data strengthen the speculation (Cosmatos, A., Johnson, S.,
      Breier, B., and Katsoyannis, P. G. (1975), J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 2157)
      that the change in the relative positive charge at the N-terminal amino acid
      residue of the A chain is responsible for the considerable decrease in the
      immunoreactivity observed in such modified insulins.

PMID- 963023
TI  - Synthetic, cross-linked polypentapeptide fo tropoelastin: an anisotropic,
      fibrillar elastomer.
AB  - Physical properties of the cross-linked polypentapeptide of tropoelastin are
      reported along with chemical characterization of key intermediates in its
      synthesis. 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra are reported on the
      constituent pentamers and their respective high polymers which verify structural
      and conformational integrity. Scanning electron microscopy of the cross-linked
      material formed without orientation and with flow orientation is reported. The
      former demonstrates the inherent fibrillar and anisotropic nature of the
      synthetic product. Stress-strain studies show the cross-linked polypentapeptide
      to exhibit elastomeric properties that are dependent on the water content of the
      matrix. At high water contents the elastic modulus is less than that of wet
      native aortic elastin and becomes greater on drying.

PMID- 963024
TI  - Cross-linked polypentapeptide of tropoelastin: an insoluble, serum calcifiable
      matrix.
AB  - The synthetic, cross-linked polypentapeptide of tropoelastin has been shown to
      calcify from serum alone even when separated from the serum medium by a dialysis
      membrane with a low-molecular-weight cut off. By microprobe analysis, it appeared
      that the only serum elements required for the calcification were calcium and
      phosphorus. Furthermore, thin sections of the calcified matrix showed the
      calcification to occur throughout the matrix, and thereby verified that it is a
      bulk property of the matrix and not an interfacial property. To our knowledge
      this is the first demonstration of an insoluble, synthetic polypeptide to
      function as a serum calcifiable matrix and by doing so it opens the door to
      potential medical applications.

PMID- 963025
TI  - Hybridization of maize chloroplast DNA with transfer ribonucleic acids.
AB  - Hybridization of [125I] tRNA to chloroplast DNA indicates that 0.60-0.75% of
      maize chloroplast DNA contains sequences complementary to maize tRNA,
      corresponding to 20-26 tRNA cistrons. Green maize seedlings contain about twice
      the amount of chloroplast DNA-hybridizable tRNA as etiolated maize seedings. tRNA
      from green or etiolated maize seedlings was also aminoacylated in vitro with 21
      labeled amino acids and then incubated with filters containing chloroplast DNA,
      tRNAs charging a total of at least 16 different amino acids hybridized with
      chloroplast DNA. Most of these plastid aminoacyl-tRNAs were present in higher
      concentrations in tRNA isolated from green maize seedlings, although there were
      several exceptions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a
      complete or nearly complete set or tRNAs can be transcribed from chloroplast DNA.

PMID- 963026
TI  - Poly(adenylic acid)-containing RNA from plastids of maize.
AB  - Hybridization experiments with chloroplast DNA and 125I-labeled RNA from maize
      seedlings suggest that chloroplasts and etioplasts contain detectable amounts of
      RNA that contains poly(adenylic aicd) (poly (A)) and was transcribed from
      chloroplast DNA. About 6% of the total poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from maize
      seedlings hybridized to chloroplast DNA. Poly(A)-containing RNA could also be
      isolated directly from purified chloroplasts that were treated with ribonucleases
      to reduce cytoplasmic contamination. At least 65% of this poly(A)-containing RNA
      hybridized to chloroplast DNA. Chloroplast poly(A) tracts average about 45
      nucleotides in length, one-half the average size of poly(A) tracts from whole
      cells. The poly (A) tracts themselves are probably added to plastid RNAs
      following their transcription, because maize chloroplast DNA was found not to
      contain poly(dT).

PMID- 963027
TI  - Inverted repetitive sequences in the human genome.
AB  - A specific class of DNA sequences, the inverted repetitive sequences, forms
      hairpin-like structures in denatured DNA by the folding back of a single linear
      chain. The reassociation process of these sequences is unimolecular and the rate
      is extremely fast. Inverted repetitive sequences comprise 6% of the total human
      genome. They appear to be heterogeneous in length with an overall average length
      of 190 nucleotides. The inverted sequences are represented in almost all families
      of repetition frequencies, highly repetitive as well as very few copies per
      genome. They are not localized at unique sites on metaphase chromosomes. It is
      estimated that there are approximately 2 X 10(6) inverted repeats per haploid
      human genome. The biological function of this class of sequences is unknown.

PMID- 963028
TI  - Histone-histone interactions within chromatin. Preliminary characterization of
      presumptive H2B-H2A and H2B-H4 binding.
AB  - Cyanogen bromide peptide analyses of cross-linked histones show that histone 2B
      possesses separate binding sites for histones 2A and 4. Various polymorphic forms
      of H2A and H4 in chromatin are bound to H2B through these binding sites. These
      interactions are thus a fundamental structural feature of chromatin. Additional
      data strongly suggest that H2B is bound to H2A and H4 simultaneously in vivo.
      Mouse L cells were treated with either tetranitromethane (TNM) or ultraviolet
      (uv) light at 280 nm in order to induce the cross-linking of histone 2B in their
      chromatin to either histone 4 or 2A. The characteristics of these cross-linking
      agents and the reactions they induce suggest that the cross-links define loci
      within the actual binding sites between these histones. Characterization of the
      cyanogen bromide peptide fragments of the H2B-H4 and H2B-H2A dimers showed that
      the C terminal half of H2B contains the link to H4 (also near its C terminus),
      whereas the N-terminal half contains the link to H2A. Treatment of the cells with
      both uv light and TNM results in the appearance of a single new trimer which we
      presume to be H2A-H2B-H4. We conclude form this that H2B interacts simultaneously
      with H2A and H4 in chromatin through separate binding sites. Further analysis
      shows that several acetylated subspecies of H4 are represented in the H2B-H4
      dimer and that at least two of the polymorphic forms of H2A are present in the
      H2B-H2A dimer. These data reveal that the H2A-H2B-H4 association is an important
      underlying structural feature of chromatin.

PMID- 963029
TI  - An experimental method correcting for absorption flattening and scattering in
      suspensions of absorbing particles: circular dichroism and absorption spectra of
      hemoglobin in situ in red blood cells.
AB  - An experimental approach to interpretation of the anomalous absorption and
      circular dichroism (CD) spectra of hemoglobin in situ in red blood cells is
      reported. Absorption flattening effects have been overcome by use of high cell
      concentratons in very short light path cuvettes. Differential scattering
      contributions to circular dichroism have been resolved using a CD instrument
      capable of variable detection geometry. Scattering effects have also been
      resolved using media of high refractive index to match that of the red blood
      cell. The results are in agreement with a parellel calculational analysis of red
      blood cell CD spectra, which predicted the relative magnitudes of the flattening
      and differential scattering CD contributions. An experimental absorption spectrum
      has been obtained for hemoglobin in the red blood cell with scattering and
      flattening eliminated. This quantitatively simulates the spectrum of a hemoglobin
      solution. The methods described should be widely applicable to conformational
      studies of macromolecules in their native environment.

PMID- 963030
TI  - The role of methionine-192 of the chymotrypsin active site in the binding and
      catalysis of mono(amino acid) and peptide substrates.
AB  - We find that specific oxidation for the Met-192 residue in delta-chymotrypsin to
      methionine sulfoxide results in a twofold increase in Km(app) and unchanged kcat
      in the hydrolysis of N-acetyl mono(amino acid) amide substrates. However, the
      catalyzed hydrolyses of N-acetyl dipeptide amide substrates by (methionine
      sulfoxide)-192-delta-chymotrypsin (MS-delta-Cht) shows a four- to fivefold
      decrease in kcat and unchanged Km(app) with respect to delta-chymotrypsin.
      Hydrolysis of alpha-casein by MS-delta-Cht shows a similar 4.2-fold decrease in
      kcat. These results imply that the Met-192 acts differently with substrates that
      bind only in the primary, S1, binding site (i.e., AcPheNH2) from those that bind
      to more extended regions of the enzyme active site. In the binding of c+AcPheNH2 
      and AcTrpNH2, the results support a mechanism in which the Met-192 acts to slow
      the rate of sustrate dissociation from the Michaelis complex to free substrate
      and enzyme. This is in agreement with the x-ray crystallographic structure of
      dioxane inhibited alpha-chymotrypsin (Steitz, T., et al. (1969), J. Mol. Biol.
      46, 337). However, this mechanism is not apparent when peptide and protein
      substrates bind. The decrease in kcat on Met-192 modification of approximately
      fivefold in the hydrolysis of polypeptide substrates show a small, but
      significant, catalytic contribution of the Met-192 toward the lowering of the
      energy of activation polypeptide substrate hydrolysis by chymotrypsin. This may
      support the crystallographic model of Fersht et al. (Fersht, A., et al. (1973),
      Biochemistry 12, 2035) in which it is proposed that the Met-192 participates in
      the distortion of bound polypeptide substrates toward the reaction transition
      state configuration and, thus, plays a role in catalysis. However, if this
      mechanism occurs, the effect is small, only contributing about 1 kcal/mol to the
      lowering of the reaction activation energy.

PMID- 963031
TI  - Histidine decarboxylase of Lactobacillus 30a: inactivation and active-site
      labeling by L-histidine methyl ester.
AB  - Histidine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus 30a is rapidly and irreversibly
      inactivated upon incubation with L-histidine methyl ester. The rate of
      inactivation is first-order with respect to remaining active enzyme and exhibits
      saturation kinetics with a kinact of 1.2 mM and an apparent first-order rate
      constant of 0.346 min-1 at pH 4.8 and 25 degrees C. On complete inactivation, 3
      mol of [14C]histidine (from L-[14C]histidine methyl ester) and 2 mol of 14C (from
      L-histidine [14C]methyl ester) are bound in nondialyzable form per mol (190 000
      g) of protein inactivated with a corresponding loss of three of the five DTNB
      titratable--SH groups that are essential for activity of the native enzyme.
      Imidazole propionate, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, protects against
      inactivation, loss of --SH groups, and incorporation of radioactivity from both
      the histidine and the methyl ester moieties of the labeled inhibitor, and kinetic
      evidence indicates that imidazole propionate and histidine methyl ester compete
      for binding at the active site of histidine decarboxylase in a mutually exclusive
      manner. Treatment of the labeled protein with either alkali or hydroxylamine
      results in the quantitative release of radioactivity. These data suggest that
      inactivation of histidine decarboxylase by L-histidine methyl ester results from
      two different modes of interaction between the inhibitor and the active site of
      histidine decarboxylase; the major interaction involves an essential -SH group.

PMID- 963032
TI  - Maleylacetone cis-trans-isomerase: affinity chromatography on glutathione-bound
      sepharose. Two-substrate-binding sequence from inhibition patterns.
AB  - Maleylacetone cis-trans-isomerase isolated from Vibrio 01 binds glutathione
      strongly; Km = 1.4 X 10(-4) M. Oxidized glutathione and S-methylglutathione are
      competitive inhibitors, KI = 9.4 X 10(-4) and 1.2 X 10(-3) M, respectively. Based
      on these interactions, three different glutathione-bound agarose affinity
      adsorbents were synthesized and tested. Affinity chromatography of the isomerase
      with one of these affords 70- to 100-fold purifications. In separate syntheses,
      portions of the affinity arm were prepared and examined as to their inhibitory
      properties in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The fragment, containing glutathione
      bound through its sulfur to the carbon chain, is a powerful competitive inhibitor
      for glutathione (KI = 6 X 10(-5) M). The results described suggest that the
      isomerase binds glutathione through the backbone of the tripeptide and that the
      thiol group is required for activity. The initial velocity patterns of the enzyme
      catalyzed reaction resulting from simultaneous variation of glutathione and
      maleylacetone concentrations were examined in the absence and presence of
      inhibitors resembling glutathione. The observed kinetic patterns suggest an
      ordered sequence of binding maleylacetone first followed by glutathione.

PMID- 963033
TI  - Interactions between the subfractons of calf thymus H1 and nonhistone chromosomal
      proteins HMG1 and HMG2.
AB  - The nonhistone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2, interact with the various
      subfractions of calf thymus H1 with a high degree of specificity. Subfractions 1b
      and 2 interact very strongly with HMG1 to form heterodimers. In contrast,
      subfractions 3a and 3b interact much more weakly. HMG2 interacts with 3a and 3b
      but shows no detectable complexing with 1a and 2.

PMID- 963034
TI  - Tubulin-nucleotide interactions during the polymerization and depolymerization of
      microtubules.
AB  - The interactions of nucleotides and their role in the polymerization of tubulin
      have been studied in detail. GTP promotes polymerization by binding to the
      exchangeable site (E site) of tubulin. The microtubules formed contain only GDP
      at the E site, indicating that hydrolysis of E site GTP occurs during or shortly
      after polymerization. Tubulin prepared by several cycles of polymerization and
      depolymerization will polymerize in the presence of ATP as well as GTP.
      Polymerization in ATP is preceded by a distinct lag period which is shorter at
      higher concentrations of ATP. As reported by others ATP will transphosphorylate
      bound GDP to GTP. Under polymerizing conditions the maximum level of GTP
      formation occurs at about the same time as the onset of polymerization, and the
      lag probably reflects the time necessary to transphosphorylate a critical
      concentration of tubulin. The transphosphorylated protein can be isolated and
      will polymerize without further addition of nucleotide. The transphosphorylated
      GTP is hydrolyzed and the phosphate released during polymerization. About 25% of
      the phosphate transferred from ATP is noncovalently bound to the subunit as
      inorganic phosphate and this fraction is also released during polymerization. The
      nonhydrolyzable analogue of GTP, GMPPNP, will promote microtubule assembly at
      high concentration. GMPPNP assembled microtubules do not depolymerize in Ca
      concentrations several fold greater than that which will completely depolymerize
      GTP assembled tubules; however, addition of Ca prior to inducing polymerization
      in GMPPNP prevents the formation of microtubules. Thus GTP hydrolysis appears to
      promote depolymerization rather than polymerization. GDP does not promote
      microtubule assembly but can inhibit GTP binding and GTP induced polymerization.
      GDP does not, however, induce the depolymerization of formed microtubules. These
      experiments demonstrate that tubulin polymerization can not be treated as a
      thermodynamically reversible process, but must involve one or more irreversible
      steps. Exchange experiments with [3H]GTP indicate that the "E" site on both
      microtubules and ring aggregates of tubulin is blocked and does not exchange
      rapidly. However, during polymerization and depolymerization induced by raising
      or lowering the temperature, respectively, all the E sites become transiently
      available and will exchange their nucleotide. This observation does not suggest a
      direct morphological transition between rings and microtubules. The presence of a
      blocked E site on the rings explains the apparent transphosphorylation and
      hydrolysis of "N" site nucleotide reported by others.

PMID- 963035
TI  - Protein rotational relaxation as studied by solvent 1H and 2H magnetic
      relaxation.
AB  - Earlier studies of the magnetic field dependence of the nuclear spin magnetic
      relaxation rate of solvent protons in solutions of diamagnetic proteins have
      indicated that this dependence (called relaxation dispersion) is related to the
      rotational Brownian motion of solute proteins. In essence, the dispersion is such
      that 1/T1 (the proton spin-lattice relaxation rate) decreases monotonically as
      the magnetic field is increased from a very low value (approximately 10 Oe); the
      dispersion has a point of inflection at a value of magnetic field which depends
      on protein size, shape, concentration, temperature, and solvent composition. The
      value of the proton Larmor precession frequency nu(c) at the inflection field
      appears to relate to tau (R), the rotational relaxation time of the protein
      molecules. We have measured proton relaxation dispersions for solutions of
      various proteins that span a three-decade range of molecular weights, and for one
      sample of transfer ribonucleic acid. We have also measured deuteron relaxation
      dispersions for solutions of three proteins: lysozyme, carbonmonoxyhemoglobin,
      and Helix pomatia hemocyanin with molecular weight 900 000. A quantitative
      relationship between both proton and deuteron dispersion data and protein
      rotational relaxation is confirmed, and the point is made that magnetic
      dispersion measurements are of very general applicability for measuring the
      rotational relaxation rate of macromolecules in solution. It has been previously
      shown that the influence of proton motion on the relaxation behavior of the
      solvent is not due to exchange of solvent molecules between the bulk solvent and
      a hydration region of the protein. In the present paper, we suggest that the
      interaction results from a long range hydrodynamic effect fundamental to the
      situation of large Brownian particles in an essentially continuum fluid. The
      general features of the proposed mechanism are indicated, but no theoretical
      computations are presented.

PMID- 963036
TI  - Conformational properties of the complexes formed by proteins and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate.
AB  - Circular dichroism spectra have been obtained for albumin, alpha
      chymotrypsinogen, collagen, concanavalin A, elastase, hemoglobin, histone f2b,
      alpha-lactalbumin, lactate dehydrogenase, beta-lactoglobulin, lysozyme,
      myoglobin, papain, ribonuclease A, and thermolysin in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol. While all spectra have the shape anticipated
      for a mixture of random coil and alpha helix, the intensities differ markedly
      ([theta]222 ranges from --1400 to --15 000 deg cm2/dmol). The variation in the
      circular dichroism can be quantitatively explained by a model which assumes that
      the arginyl, histidyl, and lysyl residues have an enhanced probability of
      propagating a helical segment in the presence of the detergent. The model also
      permits the computation of dimensional properties (unperturbed end-to-end
      distance and radius of gyration) for polypeptides of known amino acid sequence.
      Such computations have been performed for 67 proteins. The computed dimensions
      are compatible with experimental values and with the molecular weight dependence
      of the transport properties of the complexes. Furthermore, the model can account
      for the abnormal transport properties of the sodium dodecyl sulfate complexes
      formed by ribonuclease A, collagen fragments, and histones f2a1, f2a2, f2b, and
      f3. Even though some of the protein--sodium dodecyl sulfate complexes have
      helical contents as high as 50%, their overall conformation more closely
      approximates that of a random coil than a rod.

PMID- 963037
TI  - Nuclear estradiol receptor in the adult rat uterus: a new exchange assay.
AB  - A protamine exchange assay has been developed to measure uterine nuclear estrogen
      receptor in mature rats exposed to estradiol (E). After ovariectomized
      adrenalectomized mature rats are injected with E, estrogen receptor (RnE) is
      extracted from uterine nuclei with 0.6 M potassium chloride, diluted, and
      quantitatively precipitated with protamine sulfate. The precipitate is subjected
      to a ligand exchange with radiolabeled estradiol (E), with or without unlabeled
      diethylstilbesterol, to determine nonspecific binding. At 37 degrees C complete
      exchange of E for E in RnE is observed at 2.5 h; virtually no receptor
      degradation occurs up to at least 5 h. Exchange does not occur at 4 degrees C.
      Using the protamine assay, the depletion of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (Rc)
      and the accumulation of RnE were studied at various doses of E at specific time
      points. Increasing doses of E result in a decrease of Rc with an equal increase
      of RnE. At the highest dose of E (10 mug) Rc is completely depleted within 10
      min, by 6 h it is 25% replenished, and by 24 h returns to slightly above control
      levels. Within 10 min after the injection, RnE increases to 80-90% of the
      original cytoplasmic level of receptor (approximately 2-3 pmol/mg of DNA or
      approximately 1.5 pmol/100 mg of uterus). At 6 h RnE is 75% depleted and it is
      completely absent at 24 h. The protamine assay permits precise quantitative
      studies of nuclear estrogen receptor and avoids the problems of receptor
      degradation and excessive nonspecific binding often found in exchange reactions
      at elevated temperatures.

PMID- 963038
TI  - Synthesis and properties of poly(O6-methylguanylic acid) and poly(O6
      ethylguanylic acid).
AB  - The nucleotide analogues, O6-methyl- and O6-ethylguanosine diphosphate, have been
      synthesized and polymerized to high-molecular-weight homopolymers with
      polynucleotide phosphorylase. The ultraviolet spectra of these polymers show
      marked hypochromicity, which suggests that they possess considerable secondary
      structures. Graphs of optical denisty vs. temperature in 0.15 M NaC1 indicate
      that cooperative melting occurs for both polymers, and that the secondary
      structure of poly(O6-methylguanosine monophosphate) is somewhat more stable than
      that of poly (O6-ethyl-guanosine monophosphate). Mixing experiments show that
      these analogue polymers no longer form helical structures with poly(C), nor do
      thye form helices with poly(U). We would conclude from these data that
      environmental mutagens and carcinogens which react at the O6 position of guanine
      not only disrupt normal base-pairing relationships, but may also affect the
      secondary structure of nucleic acids.

PMID- 963039
TI  - Binding of platinum and palladium metallointercalation reagents and antitumor
      drugs to closed and open DNAs.
AB  - The interaction of platinum and palladium complexes with closed and nicked
      circular and linear DNAs was investigated by a variety of methods. Cationic metal
      complexes containing flat, aromatic ligands, such as 2,2',2''-terpyridine, o
      phenanthroline, and 2,2'-bipyridine, interfere with the usual fluorescence
      enhancement of ethidium bromide by competing for intercalation sites on calf
      thymus DNA. Metal complexes having kinetically exchangable ligands, including the
      antitumor drugs cis-[(NH3)2PtCl2] and [(en)PtC12], inhibit noncompetitively the
      DNA-associated ethidium fluorescence enhancement by binding covalently to the
      bases and blocking potential intercalation sites. Only the metallointercalators
      were capable of altering the DNA duplex winding, as judged by the effects of
      these reagents upon the electrophoretic mobility and sedimentation behavior of PM
      2 DNAs. Long-term (t greater than 120 h) interactions of metal complexes with PM
      2 DNAs I, I0, and II, corresponding to superhelical, closed relaxed, and nicked
      circles, respectively, showed that covalent binding occurs the most readily to
      DNA I, possibly because of the presence of underwound duplex regions in this
      tightly wound superhelical DNA. The active antitumor drugs cis-[(NH3)2PtC12] and
      [(en)PtC12] bind covalently to DNA I under conditions where the inactive trans-
      [(NH3)2PtC12] does not. Most of the complexes studied were capable of producing
      chain scissions in PM-2DNA I. Exceptions are the kinetically inert complexes
      [(bipy)Pt(en)]2+ and (terpy)Pt(SCH2CH2OH)]+, suggesting that covalent binding
      might be a prerequisite for nicking.

PMID- 963040
TI  - The effect of hydrogen peroxide on CO2 fixation of isolated intact chloroplasts.
AB  - Low concentration of hydrogen peroxide strongly inhibit CO2 fixation of isolated
      intact chloroplasts (50% inhibition at 10(-5) M hydrogen peroxide). Addition of
      catalase to a suspension of intact chloroplasts stimulates CO2 fixation 2--6
      fold, indicating that this process is partially inhibited by endogenous hydrogen
      peroxide formed in a Mehler reaction. The rate of CO2 fixation is strongly
      increased by addition of Calvin cycle intermediates if the catalase activity of
      the preparation is low. However, at high catalase activity addition of Calvin
      cycle intermediates remains without effect. Obviously the hydrogen peroxide
      formed at low catalase activity leads to a loss of Calvin cycle substrates which
      reduces the rate of CO2 fixation. 3-Phosphoglycerate-dependent O2-evolution is
      not influenced by hydrogen peroxide at a concentration (5x10(-4) M) which
      inhibits CO2 fixation almost completely. Therefore the inhibition site of
      hydrogen peroxide cannot be at the step of 3-phosphoglycerate reduction. Dark CO2
      fixation of lysed chloroplasts in a hypotonic medium is not or only slightly
      inhibited by hydrogen peroxide (2,5x10(-4) M), if ribulose-1,5-diphosphate,
      ribose 5-phosphate or xylulose 5-phosphate were added as substrates. However,
      there is a strong inhibition of CO2 fixation by hydrogen peroxide, if fructose 6
      phosphate together with triose phosphate are used as substrates. This indicates
      that hydrogen peroxide interrupts the Calvin cycle at the transketolase step,
      leading to a reduced supply of the CO2-acceptor ribulose 1,5-diphosphate.

PMID- 963041
TI  - Concentration-dependent effects of salicylaldoxime on chloroplast reactions.
AB  - Salicylaldoxime has been found to have a variety of concentration-dependent
      effects on chloroplast activities. At low concentrations (less than 10 mM),
      salicyladoxime reversibly inhibits all reactions which involve Photosystem II.
      Since the DCMU-insensitive silicomolybdate Hill reaction is also inhibited, one
      site of inhibition is definitely located before the DCMU-sensitive site, possibly
      before the photoact. The inhibition kinetics and the response of chloroplast
      fluorescence may indicate another site in the DCMU-sensitive region. At almost
      exactly the same concentrations (less than 10 mM), salicylaldoxime uncouples
      phosphorylation reversibly, whether it is supported by Photosystem II or by
      Photosystem I. At higher concentrations (approx. 20 mM) salicylaldoxime inhibits
      Photosystem II irreversibly, uncouples irreversibly, and begins to cause changes
      in chloroplast light scattering which could be manifestations of membrane damage.
      At very high concentrations (approx. 45 mM) salicylaldoxime irreversibly inhibits
      Photosystem I activity in the region of plastocyanin. This is indicated by the
      ability of salicylaldoxime to inhibit the photooxidation of cytochrome f but not
      the photooxidation of P-700.

PMID- 963042
TI  - Phosphorylation of nucleotides bound to chloroplast membranes and their role in
      photophosphorylation.
AB  - 1. The initial rapid phosphorylation of membrane-bound ADP yields [gamma- 32P]
      ATP. Long term illumination of chloroplasts resulted in the introduction of label
      in the beta position of ADP and ATP. 2. It is concluded that the initial acceptor
      in photophosphorylation is ADP and not AMP. The appearance of 32Pi in the beta
      position of the nucleotide fractions is probably the result of side reactions not
      directly involved in the photophosphorylation mechanism. 3. The inhibitor
      phlorizin affects similarly the phosphorylation of bound ADP and the net
      photophosphorylation reaction. 4. The uncoupler nigericin has different effects
      on the phosphorylation of membrane-bound ADP and the net photophosphorylation
      reaction. Dissipation of energy by low concentrations of the uncoupler affects
      primarily the step(s) of ATP release to the medium, while steps leading to the
      interconversion of Pi and ADP to form bound ATP are less sensitive and are
      inhibited by relatively higher uncoupler concentrations.

PMID- 963043
TI  - Anisotropy of photosynthetic membranes and the degree of fluorescence
      polarization.
AB  - The degree of fluorescence polarization, P, of unoriented and magnetically
      oriented spinach chloroplasts as a function of excitation (400-680 nm) and
      emission wavelengths (675-750 nm) is reported. For unoriented chloroplasts P can
      be divided into two contributions, PIN and PAN. The latter arises from the
      optical anisotropy of the membranes which is due to the orientation with respect
      to the membrane plane of pigment molecules in vivo. The intrinsic polarization
      PIN, which reflects the energy transfer between different pigment molecules and
      their degree of mutual orientation, can be measured unambiguously only if (1)
      oriented membranes are used and the fluorescence is viewed along a direction
      normal to the membrane planes, and (2) the excitation is confined to the Qy
      (approximately 660-680 nm) absorption band of chlorophyll in vivo. With 670-680
      nm excitation, values of P using unoriented chloroplasts can be as high as +14%,
      mostly reflecting the orientational anisotropy of the pigments. Using oriented
      chloroplasts PIN is shown to be +5+/-1%. The excitation wavelength dependence
      studies of PIN indicate that the carotenoid and chlorophyll Qy transition moments
      tends to be partially oriented with respect to each other on a local level
      (within a given photosynthetic unit or its immediate neighbors).

PMID- 963044
TI  - Kinetics and stoichiometry of light-induced proton release and uptake from purple
      membrane fragments, Halobacterium halobium cell envelopes, and phospholipid
      vesicles containing oriented purple membrane.
AB  - We have used flash spectroscopy and pH indicator dyes to measure the kinetics and
      stoichiometry of light-induced proton release and uptake by purple membrane in
      aqueous suspension, in cell envelope vesicles and in lipid vesicles. The
      preferential orientation of bacteriorhodopsin in opposite directions in the
      envelope and lipid vesicles allows us to show that uptake of protons occurs on
      the cytoplasmic side of the purple membrane and release on the exterior side. In
      suspensions of isolated purple membrane, approximately one proton per cycling
      bacteriorhodopsin molecule appears transiently in the aqueous phase with a half
      rise time of 0.8 ms and a half-decay time of 5.4 ms at 21degreesC. In cell
      envelope preparations which consist of vesicles with a preferential orientation
      of purple membrane, as in whole cells, and which pump protons out, the
      acidification of the medium has a half-rise time of less than 1.0 ms, which
      partially relaxes in approx. 10 ms and fully relaxes after many seconds.
      Phospholipid vesicles, which contain bacteriorhodopsin preferentially oriented in
      the opposite direction and pump protons in, show an alkalinization of the medium
      with a time constant of approximately 10 ms, preceded by a much smaller and
      faster acidification. The alkalinization relaxes over many seconds. The initial
      fast acidification in the lipid vesicles and the fast relaxation in the envelope
      vesicles are accounted for by the misoriented fractions of bacteriorhodopsin. The
      time constants of the main effects, acidification in the envelopes and
      alkalinization in the lipid vesicles correlate with the time constants for the
      release and uptake of protons in the isolated purple membrane, and therefore show
      that these must occur on the outer and inner surface respectively. The slow
      relaxation processes in the time range of several seconds must be attributed to
      the passive back diffusion of protons through the vesicle membrane.

PMID- 963045
TI  - Light-dependent inhibitory action of p-nitrothiophenol on photosystem II in
      relation to the redox state of electron carriers.
AB  - The photosystem-II activity of chloroplasts was inhibited by the treatment with p
      nitrothiophenol (NphSH) in the light, and the inhibition was accompanied by a
      change of the fluorescence spectrum. Aromatic mercaptans examined were active in
      causing this inhibition and fluorescence change. These effects of p
      nitrothiophenol were highly accelerated by blocking the electron transport of the
      oxidation side of photosystem II by carbonyl-cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone
      (CCCP) or Tris-HC1 or heat pre-treatment, whereas these were suppressed by
      blocking the transport on the reduction side by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1
      dimethylurea (DCMU). It was deduced that the site of NphSH action in the electron
      transport chain is closer to the reaction center of photosystem II that the
      blocking site of CCCP or Tris-HC1 or heat, and that such a site in photosystem II
      is exposed to be modified with NphSH when electron carriers on the oxidation side
      of photosystem II are oxidized by illumination.

PMID- 963046
TI  - A highactivity ATP translocator in mesophyll chloroplasts of Digitaria
      sanguinalis, a plant having the C-4 dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis.
AB  - The effect of exogenous adenine nucleotides on CO2 fixation and oxygen evolution
      was studied with mesophyll protoplast extracts of the C4 plant Digitaria
      sanguinalis. Exogenous ATP was found to stimulate the rate of pyruvate and
      pyruvate+oxalacetate induced CO2 fixation, as well as reverse the inhibition of
      CO2 fixation of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone and several electron
      transport inhibitors. The ATP-dependent stimulation of CO2 fixation varied from
      40 to 70 mumol CO2 fixed/mg chlorophyll per h, suggesting that ATP was crossing
      the chloroplast membranes at rates of 80-140 mumol/mg chlorophyll per h, since 2
      ATP are required for each CO2 fixed. Fixation of CO2 could also be induced in the
      dark by exogenous ATP, in which case ADP accumulated outside the chloroplasts...

PMID- 963047
TI  - Binding of radioactively labeled carboxyatractyloside, atractyloside and
      bongkrekic acid to the ADP translocator of potato mitochondria.
AB  - 1. The inhibition of the ADP-stimulated respiration of potato mitochondria by
      carboxyatractyloside is relieved by high concentration of ADP or by the uncoupler
      carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). Atractyloside is a
      much less potent inhibitor than carboxyatractyloside. The inhibition of the ADP
      stimulated respiration required about 60-times more atractyloside than
      carboxyatractyloside. 2. [35S]carboxyatractyloside and [3H]bongkrekic acid bind
      to potato mitochondria with high affinity (Kd = 10 to 20 nM, n=0.6-0.7 nmol per
      mg protein). Added ADP competes with carboxyatractyloside for binding; on the
      contrary ADP increases the amount of bound bongkrekic acid. [3H]atractyloside
      binds to potato mitochondria with a much lower affinity (Kd=0.45 muM) than
      carboxyatractyloside or bongkrekic acid. 3. Bound [3H]atractyloside is displaced
      by ADP, carboxyatractyloside and bongkrekic acid. The displacement of bound
      [35S]carboxyatractyloside by bongkrekic acid and of bound [3H]bongkrekic acid by
      carboxyatractyloside is markedly increased by ADP. 4. Bongkrekic acid competes
      with [35S]carboxyatractyloside for binding. Addition of a small concentration of
      ADP considerably enhances the inhibitory effect of bongkrekic acid on
      [35S]carboxyatractyloside binding. 5. The adenine nucleotide content of potato
      mitochondria is of the order of 1 nmol per mg protein. ADP transport in potato
      mitochondria is inhibited by atractyloside 30- to 40-times less efficiently than
      by carboxyatractyloside.

PMID- 963048
TI  - Deuterium oxide effects on excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle.
AB  - 2H2O (99.8%) Ringer's solution greatly reduces the twitch and tetanus of frog
      sartorius muscle and, as specially shown here, slows the onset features of the
      mechanical output of the twitch by: (a) increasing the time (LR) from stimulus to
      start of latency relaxation; (b) slowing the development of the latency
      relaxation, and (c) greatly decreasing the rate of onset of tension development.
      These changes reflect effects of 2H2O on excitation-contraction coupling and they
      represent the critical direct effects of 2H2O on muscle since it does not depress
      either the action potential or the intrinsic myofibrillar contractility. The
      increase in LR is attributed to slowed inward electrical propagation in the T
      tubule. But the critical effect of 2H2O on frog muscle is to greatly depress
      mobilization of activator Ca2+. The depression of the Ca2+ mobilization and of
      its effects on the activation of contraction evidently result from (a) a lowered
      rate of release of Ca2+ from the sar coplasmic reticulum, as indicated by the
      slowed development of the latency relaxation, (b) a decreased amount of Ca2+
      released in a twitch, and (c) a reduced speed of diffusion of the Ca2+ to the
      contractile filaments. The depressed mobilization of Ca2+ is apparently the
      essential  cause of 2H2O's general depression of twitch and tetanus output.

PMID- 963049
TI  - Multiple-flash development of thermoluminescence bands in dark-grown spruce
      leaves.
AB  - Spruce leaves greened in darkness were devoid of three of the five
      thermoluminescence bands found for mature leaves. These bands were developed
      rapidly by exposure of the dark-grown leaves to continuous light. The development
      of these bands was studied by illumination with repetitive flashes at varied
      intervals. Flashes at intervals of 1 s were the most effective in inducing these
      bands. Those at shorter or longer intervals were less effective. It was deduced
      from these data that the development of these bands is a multiquantum process
      which involves at least two photo-events with a dark reaction between them.

PMID- 963050
TI  - Maturation of ribosomes in yeast. I Kinetic analysis by labelling of high
      molecular weight rRNA species.
AB  - To study the maturation of ribosomes in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, protoplasts
      were pulse labeled with [5-3H]uridine at 15 degrees C. Investigation of the
      cellular location of pulse-labelled ribosomal RNA precursor and mature ribosomal
      RNA shows that both the 37-S precursor RNA, common to both 17-S and 26-S rRNA, as
      well as the 29-S RNA, the direct precursor of 26-S rRNA, are located in the
      nucleus. Most of the 18-S RNA, the direct precursor of 17-S rRNA, is found in the
      cytoplasmic fraction. Apart from 37-S and 29-S RNA the nucleus also contains an
      appreciable amount of 26-S rRNA as well as a small quantity of 18-S RNA. These
      data indicate that processing of 29-S to 26-S RNA occurs in the nucleus, whereas
      the conversion of 18-S RNA to 17-S rRNA takes place in the cytoplasm. The
      kinetics of appearance of pulse-labelled 26-S and 17-S rRNA in the various
      cytoplasmic ribosomal particles indicate, that newly formed 40-S ribosomal
      particles are almost immediately incorporated into 80-S ribosomes and polysomes.
      On the other hand, there appears to exist a fairly large cytoplasmic pool of
      newly synthesized ribosomal particles containing 26-S rRNA and sedimenting at
      about 60 S. The kinetics of appearance of newly formed 26-S and 17-S rRNA in
      mature ribosomes show that the maturation of the large ribosomal subunit takes
      about twice as much time as that of the small subunit.

PMID- 963051
TI  - Maturation of ribosomes in yeast. II. Position of the low molecular weight rRNA
      species in the maturation process.
AB  - Yeast protoplasts were pulse labelled with [5-3H] uridine and the labelling
      kinetics of the low molecular weight rRNA species were determined in order to
      gain more insight into the position of those small rRNAs in the process of
      ribosome maturation. 7-S RNA, the immediate precursor of 5.8-S rRNA, is found to
      be present only in the nucleus, indicating that the conversion of 7-S to 5.8-S
      RNA is a nuclear event. 5.8-S rRNA is observed in the cytoplasm almost
      immediately after its formation. This as well as the presence of only a small
      amount of 5.8-S RNA in the nucleus, shows that the ribosomal precursor particles
      of the large ribosomal subunit are very rapidly transported into the cytoplasm
      once 5.8-S rRNA is formed. Most of the newly synthesized 5-S RNA is found in the
      nucleus. This nuclear 5-S rRNA is mainly present in the ribosomal precursor
      particles. However, a small pool of free 5-S rRNA is probably also present.

PMID- 963052
TI  - Evidence for the synthesis of tubulin on membrane-bound and free ribosomes from
      rat forebrain.
AB  - Evidence is presented that tubulin is synthesized in cell-free systems derived
      from rat forebrain containing either membrane-bound or free ribosomes. Both
      systems were supplemented with saturating amounts of messenger RNA (from either
      membrane-bound of free ribosomes) and soluble enzyme and initiation factors from
      whole forebrain. Synthesized products were chracterized by two biochemical
      purification methods for brain tubulin isolation. These methods of tubulin
      analysis indicated that both cell free systems synthesized the same relative
      amounts of tubulin.

PMID- 963053
TI  - Effects of ionizing radiation of RNA metabolism in cultured mammalian cells. III.
      Specific reduction in mRNA synthesis during resumed division and plateau phases
      following exposure to 800 rads of x irradiation.
AB  - The cell growth response of cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, line CHO, to
      800 rads of X irradiation involves a period of division delay, followed by a
      period of resumed division which terminates in a plateau phase. Over 95% of the
      cells die eventually. No direct effects of RNA or protein metabolism are evident
      during the delay period. During the resumed division and beginning of plateau
      phases, however, a specific and relatively constant reduction in mRNA synthesis
      relative to messenger-like RNA and heterogenous nuclear RNA synthesis is
      evidenced. The ratio of mRNA to messenger-like RNA synthesis ranges from 0.8 to
      0.65 during these phases. The effect is not due to altered cell-cycle
      distribution, and evidence is presented to indicate that it is probably not a
      compensatory response to the unbalanced growth that occurs during the division
      delay period.

PMID- 963054
TI  - Culture conditions affect photoreactivating enzyme levels in human fibroblasts.
AB  - Photoreactivation of pyrimidine dimers in mammalian cells occurs under our
      experimental conditions but has not been observed under conditions used by
      others. We have tested three possible differences in experimental procedures
      including dimer separation and analysis methods, illumination conditions and cell
      culture techniques. We show that out methods of dimer separation and analysis
      indeed measure cis-syn pyrimidine dimers and give results in quantitative
      agreement with the methods of others. We find that while light pre-illumination
      of fibroblasts from the xeroderma pigmentosum line XP12BE or of normal cells does
      not affect the cellular capacity for dimer photoreactivation. However, we show
      that cell culture conditions can affect photoreactivating enzyme levels and thus,
      cellular dimer photoreactivation capacity. Cells grown in Eagle's minimal
      essential medium (supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum) contain very low
      levels of photoreactivating enzyme and cannot photoreactivate dimers in their
      DNA; however, companion cultures maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's
      minimal medium do contain photoreactivating enzyme and can photoreactivate
      cellular dimers.

PMID- 963055
TI  - Partial purification and properties of the reticulocyte guanylating enzyme.
AB  - The guanylating enzyme which catalyzes the insertion of a guanine residue into
      one of the isoacceping tRNAHis of rabbit reticulocytes has been purified
      approximately one-hundred fold. It is free of nuclease activity. The enzyme does
      not catalyze the replacement of inserted radioactive guanine by unlabeled
      guanine, indicating that the reaction is irreversible. We have separated the
      histidyl-tRNA of reticulocytes into three isoacceptors. Previous work showed that
      the last histidyl-tRNA to elute from RPC-5 columns was the product of the
      guanylation reaction. This reports shows that the same late-eluting peak also
      contains the substrate for the guanylating enzyme, indicating that the guanine
      insertion reaction is chromatographically silent. The isoaccepting tRNAHis that
      is the substrate for the guanylating enzyme does not contain the hypermodified
      base known as Q. It is the other major reticulocyte tRNAHis that coantains Q,
      showing that at least in the reticulocyte the role of the guanylating enzyme is
      not the conversion of the Q form of tRNA to the homogeneic G form. The purified
      enzyme does not insert any base other than guanine into tRNA.

PMID- 963056
TI  - Incorporation of radioactive amino acids into protein in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The incorporation of radioactivity from a 14C-labelled amino acid mixture (algal
      protein hydrolysate) into protein in isolated rat hepatocytes has been studied.
      The incorporation rate declined with increasing cell concentration, an effect
      which could be explained partly by isotope consumption, partly (and largely) by
      isotope dilution due to the formation of non-labelled amino acids by the cells.
      At a high extracellular amino acid concentration, the rate of incorporation into
      protein became independent of cell concentration, because the isotope dilution
      effect was now quantitatively insignificant. The time course of protein labelling
      at various cells concentrations correlated better with the intracellular than
      with the extracellular amino acid specific activity, suggesting that amino acids
      for protein synthesis were taken from an intracellular pool. With increasing
      extracellular amino acid concentrations both the intracellular amino acid
      concentration, the intracellular radioactivity and the rate of incorporation into
      protein increased. Protein labelling exhibited a distinct time lag at high amino
      acid concentrations, presumably reflecting the time-dependent expansion of the
      intracellular amino acid pool. The gradual increase in the rate of protein
      labelling could be due either to an increased intracellular specific activity, or
      to a real stimulation of protein synthesis by amino acids, depending on whether
      the total intracellular amino acid pool or just the expandable compartment is the
      precursor pool for protein synthesis.

PMID- 963057
TI  - Arterial elastin synthesis in the young chick.
AB  - In the growing chick a marked stimulation in soluble and mature arterial elastin
      synthesis occurs 2 and 5 weeks after hatching. Measurement of [3H]valine and
      [3H]proline incorporation into arterial soluble protein during this period
      indicated that most of the label is found in a 70 000 dalton protein subunit. The
      labeled soluble subunit had the characteristics of native soluble elastin or
      tropoelastin. During the period in which the greatest percentage increase in
      mature elastin occurs, the highest specific activities of soluble [3H]valine
      labeled protein were observed. These changes were striking and suggest a
      developmental period for the growing chick in which factors related to elastin
      metabolism may be more easily studied.

PMID- 963058
TI  - Stimulation of albumin synthesis by keto analogues of amino acids.
AB  - (1) The effect of ketoanalogues of branched-chain amino acids on albumin
      synthesis was examined in two biological systems using the [14C]carbonate
      technique. (2)alpha-Ketocaproic acid, the ketoanalogue of leucine, was able to
      reverse the reduced synthesis rate observed when isolated livers, from well
      nourished animals were perfused with blood from rats deprived of dietary protein
      for 48 h. (3) A mixture of ketoanalogues of the three branched-chain amino acids,
      leucine, isoleucine and valine, was able to increase albumin synthesis per unit
      dry liver weight to above normal levels when administered intragastrically to
      rats 16 h after partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 963059
TI  - The formation and annealing of structural defects in lipid bilayer vesicles.
AB  - It is shown that sonication of phospholipid-water dispersions below the
      crystalline leads to liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (Tc)
      produces bilayer vesicles with structural defects within the bilayer membrane,
      which permit rapid permeation of ions and catalyze vesicle-vesicle fusion. These
      structural defects are annihilated simply by annealing the vesicle suspension
      above Tc. The rate of annealing was found to be slow, of the order of an hour for
      T = 3 degrees C above Tc, but annealing is complete within 10 min for T = 10
      degrees C above Tc. It is proposed that these structural defects are fault
      dislocations in the bilayer structure, which arise from a population defect in
      the distribution of the lipid molecules between the outer and inner monolayers,
      when small bilayer fragments reassemble to form the small bilayer vesicles during
      the sonication procedure. Such a population defect can only be remedied by lipid
      transport via the inside in equilibrium outside flip-flop mechanism, which would
      account for the slow kinetics of annealing observed even at 3 degrees C above the
      phase transition.

PMID- 963060
TI  - Standing-gradient osmotic flow. Examination of its validity using an analytical
      method.
AB  - The solutions to the non-linear differential equations governing solute-solvent
      coupling in the intercellular spaces of epithelial layers have been obtained by
      using an analytical method, rather than the usual numerical ones. When the
      present series solution includes second-order correction terms, the concentration
      and velocity profiles obtained by the analytical method agree very well with
      those coming from numerical solutions. This method has further allowed us to
      examine the standing-gradient hypothesis when applied to the backwards fluid
      transport system of the corneal endothelium. With the information presently
      available for the relevant parameters (osmotic permeability, rate of transport,
      radius and length of the spaces, and location of the pumping sites), near
      isotonicity of the transported fluid would not be explained by the standing
      gradient model.

PMID- 963061
TI  - Biochemical studies on abnormal erythrocyte membranes. Protein abnormality of
      erythrocyte membrane in biliary obstruction.
AB  - Biochemical studies on erythrocyte membranes from eleven obstructive jaundice
      patients (due to various disorders) have been undertaken, By scanning electron
      microscopic observation these erythrocytes were spur and target in appearance.
      The lipid composition showed a marked increase in both cholesterol and
      phosphatidylcholine. In addition to these changes, it was unexpectedly
      demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate that
      a specific membrane protein component 4.2 was reduced or absent in all cases
      tested. This membrane protein abnormality was identical with that of hereditary
      spherocytosis erythrocyte membranes. It is of particular interest to note that
      after surgical relief of biliary obstruction in a typical case of common duct
      cholelithiasis, the disc electrophoretic pattern of erythrocyte membranes became
      normal and both lipid composition and red cell morphology returned to normal.

PMID- 963062
TI  - Alkali-labile oligosaccharides from glycoproteins of different erythrocyte and
      milk fat globule membranes.
AB  - Phenol extraction of horse, sheep, cow, pig and human erythrocyte membranes and
      human milk fat globule membranes gave glycoprotein fractions, all of which were
      shown by gas chromatography to contain the reduced disaccharide beta-D-galactosyl
      (1-3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminital after treatment with alkaline borohydride. Cow
      and pig erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins were found however to contain much
      lower amounts than the erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins of the other species
      tested. After gel filtration, a tetrasaccharide was isolated from horse and sheep
      glycoproteins containing the disaccharide plus two molecules of sialic acid.
      Periodate oxidation together with paper chromatography of alkaline degraded
      fragments showed these two molecules of sialic acid to be linked to positions C3
      and C6 of the galactosyl and N-acetylgalactosamine residues respectively.
      Evidence was obtained for a similar structure from pig and cow erythrocyte
      glycoproteins and human milk fat globule membrane glycoproteins although the
      complete structure was not elucidated. In all native glycoprotein fractions, the
      unsubstituted disaccharide beta-D-galactosyl (1-3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine was
      found to be present to different extents. Haemagglutination inhibition tests
      against human anti-T serum, Arachis hypogoea and Vicia graminea by desialylated
      glycoproteins showed the presence of the T-antigen, confirming the chemical
      findings. Inhibition was found to be proportional to the chemically detected
      amounts of disaccharide in each fraction. Evidence for a second carbohydrate
      chain in horse, sheep and human erythrocyte glycoproteins with a sialic acid
      substituted N-acetylgalactosamine residue as the terminal sequence was obtained
      using the agglutinin from Helix pomatia.

PMID- 963063
TI  - Preparation and characterization of calcium-binding and other hydrophobic
      proteins from synaptic membranes.
AB  - A number of hydrophobic proteins have been separated and purified to varying
      degrees from synaptic membranes derived from bovine brain. The proteins, which
      have been obtained using preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis, have been
      analyzed for molecular weight, amino acid composition, peptide mapping, N
      terminal amino acids, and for their ability to bind calcium and ATP. A number of
      the proteins bound calcium, the greatest binding being associated with a
      component having a molecular weight of 1.6 - 10(4), a binding capacity of 4
      calcium/molecule, and a Km of 1.5 - 10(-5) M. An acidic tryptic peptide derived
      from this protein was evidently responsible for the calcium-binding. ATP binding
      appeared to be confined largely to the higher molecular weight proteins. From the
      peptide mapping there appears to be a similar acidic component in a number of the
      proteins exhibiting calcium-binding. ATP-binding was associated mainly with the
      high molecular weight proteins, particularly those which consisted of numerous
      basic tryptic peptides.

PMID- 963064
TI  - The chromaffin granule surface. Localization of carbohydrate on the cytoplasmic
      surface of an intracellular organelle.
AB  - Intact chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medulla are shown to have complex
      carbohydrates on their external (cytoplasmic) surface. This is demonstrated by
      the facts (1) that granules can be agglutinated by wheat germ agglutinin, and (2)
      that significant amounts of sialic acid can be removed from the granule surface
      with neuraminidase. Glycoproteins located in the granule membrane, and not
      glycolipids, are the molecules that mediate wheat germ agglutinin agglutination.
      The possible involvement of granule surface carbohydrate in the process of
      exocytosis is discussed.

PMID- 963065
TI  - The affinity of rat liver ribosome subunits for degranulated rough microsomal
      membranes.
AB  - Potassium and magnesium ion concentrations affected the extent but not the
      specificity of binding in vitro of 60-S and 40-S ribosome subunits to
      degranulated rough microsomal membranes from rat liver. Scatchard plots revealed
      that under ionic conditions most likely to resemble those in vivo, the affinity
      constants for binding 60-S subunits were approximately four-times greater than
      those characterizing 40-S subunit binding. Further, the extent to which subunits
      bound at saturation was close to the level of ribosomes present in intact
      membranes.

PMID- 963066
TI  - Voltage dependent potassium fluxes and the significance of action potentials in
      Acetabularia.
AB  - Membrane potential, Vm, and K+ (86Rb+) fluxes have been measured simultaneously
      on individual cells of Acetabularia mediterranea. During resting state (resting
      potential approx. -170 mV) the K+ influx amounts to 0.24-0.6 pmol-cm-2-s-1 and
      the K+ efflux to 0.2-1.5 pmol-cm-2s-1. According to the K+ concentrations inside
      and outside the cell (40:1) the voltage dependent K+ flux (zero at Vm = EK = -90
      mV) is stimulated approx. 40-fold for Vm more positive than EK. It is calculated
      that during one action potential (temporary depolarization to Vm more positive
      than EK) a cell looses the same amount of K+, which leaks in during 10-20 min in
      the resting state (Vm = -170 mV). Since action potentials occur spontaneously in
      Acetabularia, they are therefore suggested to have a significant function for the
      K+ balance of this alga.

PMID- 963067
TI  - Photo-activated inhibition of sulfate equilibrium exchange in human erythrocyte
      ghosts by a 4-azido-2-nitrobenzoate derivative of phlorizin.
AB  - Like phlorizin, two glycosidic esters of phlorizin, the 4-azido-2-nitrobenzoate
      (ANB-phlorizin) and the 2-nitrobenzoate (NB-phlorizin) were found to be effective
      inhibitors of SO42- equilibrium exchange at the outer but not at the inner
      membrane surface of the human erythrocyte ghost. After photolysis of ghost
      suspensions in the presence of extracellular ANB-phlorizin an irreversible
      inhibition of SO42- exchange was observed, while photolysis of intracellular ANB
      phlorizin was without effect. After photolysis in the presence of extracellular
      or intracellular tritiated ANB-phlorizin gel electrophoresis of the labelled
      membranes revealed similar locations of binding. These findings suggest that the
      sidedness of action of ANB-phlorizin could not be related to inaccessibility of
      the inner membrane surface for the agent but that inhibition occurs via binding
      to fixed sites at the outer membrane surface that are not associated with a
      mobile carrier which crosses the membrane.

PMID- 963068
TI  - Effects of electrical gradients on volume flows across gall bladder epithelium.
AB  - A volumetric method has been developed which permits continuous registration of
      volume flows across epithelial tissues. The method was applied to volume flow
      measurements across rabbit gall bladder epithelium. The rate of fluid
      reabsorption measured in this way was twice as high as previously observed in sac
      preparations of the gall bladder. This is probably due to better aeration and
      stirring of the mucosal solution. It was demonstrated that electrical gradients
      across the gall bladder induced volume flows towards the negative electrode. In
      non-transporting bladders volume flows were linearly related with current between
      300 and 900 muA in both directions. However, volume flow rates were three times
      higher from mucosa to serosa than in the opposite direction. From the magnitude
      of polarization potentials, observed after switching off the current, the
      conclusion was reached that all of the current-induced volume flow is an osmotic
      flow due to salt polarization in the unstirred layers of the tissue. By
      implication, so-called streaming potentials observed during osmotic flows reflect
      solely polarization effects. In actively transporting gall bladders a 200 muA
      current increased or decreased the flow rate twice as much as expected from
      polarization effects alone. Therefore passage of current interfered directly with
      the active transport mechanism of gall bladder epithelium.

PMID- 963069
TI  - Oxidative damage of retinal rod outer segment membranes and the role of vitamin
      E.
AB  - Highly purified bovine rod outer segment membranes show loss of structural
      integrity under an air atmosphere. Obvious ultrastructural changes are preceded
      by increases in absorbance below 400 nm. These changes are inhibited by Ar or N2
      atmospheres and appear to be due primarily to oxidative damage to the
      polyunsaturated fatty acids of the membrane lipids. Loss of polyunsaturated fatty
      acids, formation of malonaldehyde and fluorescent products characteristic of
      lipid oxidation accompany the spectral alterations. The elevated ultraviolet
      absorbance can largely be removed from the membranes by gentle extraction of the
      lipids using phospholipase C and hexane without changing the visible absorbance
      of rhodopsin. We have found a large seasonal variation in the endogenous level of
      alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the bovine rod outer segment preparations. For
      much of the year we find that the rod outer segment membranes contain higher
      levels of alpha-tocopherol than have been previously reported in biological
      membranes. Rod outer segments which are low in endogenous tocopherol can be
      protected from oxygen damage by adding exogenous tocopherol. The rod outer
      segments are extremely susceptible to oxygen damage due to the unusually high
      content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane lipids. The presence of
      tocopherol inhibits oxygen damage but does not eliminate it. The tocopherol in
      the rod outer segments is consumed in air, thus complete protection from
      peroxidation in vitro requires an inert atmosphere as well as high levels of
      tocopherol. This work suggests that extensive precautions against oxidative
      degradation should also be employed in studies of other membrane systems where
      important deleterious effects of oxygen may be less obvious.

PMID- 963070
TI  - Interaction of concanavalin A with rabbit thymocyte plasma membranes. Distinction
      between low affinity assoication and positively cooperative binding mediated by a
      specific glycoprotein.
AB  - 1. We have analyzed the interaction of the mitogenic lectin, concanavalin A, with
      purified plasma membranes isolated from rabbit thymocytes. 2. Scatchard analyses
      show that in native membranes binding is positively cooperative at low
      concanavalin A concentrations and non-interacting at high lectin levels. 3. In
      contrast, membranes treated with 0.0064 M glutaraldehyde exhibit diphasic
      Scatchard plots, indicating the presence of high- and low-affinity binding sites.
      The high-affinity zone corresponds to the region of positive cooperativity in
      native membranes. 4. The number of high-affinity binding sites per cell
      equivalent corresponds approximately to the number of glycoprotein (mol. wt.
      55000) molecules (1-10(6)/cell), but account for less than 25% of the total
      lectin binding. 5. Treatment of membranes with 0.0064 M glutaraldehyde
      selectively crosslinks the glycoprotein (mol. wt. 55000) and its multimers,
      correlating directly with the modifications of concanavalin A-binding. 6. We
      conclude that high-affinity binding of concanavalin A to thymocyte membranes is a
      cooperative process mediated by the glycoprotein (mol. wt. 55000). We further
      conclude that the bulk of concanavalin A binding is through low-affinity
      associations, not involving specific membrane macromolecules.

PMID- 963071
TI  - Non-linear capacitive effects at planar lipid bilayers.

PMID- 963072
TI  - Deuterated fatty acids as Raman spectroscopic probes of membrane structure.
AB  - Raman spectra are reported for the C-D stretching region of stearic acid-d35
      bound in egg lecithin multilayers. The temperature dependence of the spectra
      shows that the linewidth of the C-D stretching bands is a sensitive and non
      perturbative probe of membrane hydrocarbon chain conformation. The utility of
      this approach for studying lipid conformation in membranes containing a
      significant fraction of non-lipid component is discussed.

PMID- 963073
TI  - A measurement of the proton pump current generated by bacteriorhodopsin in black
      lipid membranes.
AB  - The light-induced electrical current generated by black lipid membranes
      containing bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium has been measured
      directly. It is shown that a measurement of membrane potential can also be used
      to obtain the proton pump current developed during illumination. Evidence is
      presented that the charge movement across the membrane is associated with the
      release of protons in the photoreaction cycle of bacteriorhodopsin. The time
      variation of the pump current when the light is turned on suggests the rapid
      depopulation of some initially occupied state.

PMID- 963074
TI  - Large volume liposomes by an ether vaporization method.

PMID- 963075
TI  - Synthesis and turnover of leghaemoglobin in lupin root nodules.
AB  - 1. The problem of whether leghaemoglobin is synthesized on plant of bacterial
      ribosomes in root nodules of yellow lupin has been examined. 2. Leghaemoglobin,
      soluble plant protein and soluble bacteroid protein were labelled with 14C
      administered by uptake of 14CO2. 3. Exposure of roots to 1 mM D-threo
      chloramphenicol resulted in inhibition of soluble bacteroid protein synthesis,
      but leghaemoglobin synthesis and soluble plant protein synthesis were unaffected.
      This result is consistent with leghaemoglobin being synthesized on plant
      ribosomes. 4. After nitrogen-fixing plants had been supplied with a pulse of
      14CO2, the decay of specific radioactivity of nodule protein fractions was
      observed. Leghaemoglobin had an apparent half-life of 18 days and is a stable
      protein in nitrogen-fixing yellow lupin nodules.

PMID- 963076
TI  - Molecular weight determinations on the alpha-globin and beta-globin mRNAs.
AB  - The globin mRNAs containing between 30 and 40 polyadenylate residues can be
      separated from thos mRNAs containing longer poly(A) regions by Millipore filter
      binding. The molecular weights of the alpha-and beta-globin mRNAs containing this
      size class of poly(A) have beed determined by lectrophoresis on 3.7%
      polyacrylamide gels in the presence of 99% formamide. Because the number of
      adenylic acid residues in these mRNAs is known, the number of non-poly(A)
      nucleotides can be accurately calculated. The molecular weight of the beta-globin
      mRNA is 235 000 +/- 28 000 (736 +/- 88 nucleotides) and that of the alpha-globin
      mRNA is 208 900 +/- 43 870 (653 +/- 78 nucleotides). By subtracting the number of
      nucleotides in the coding and poly(A) regions, the number of non-coding
      nucleotides in the beta-globin mRNA were calculated to be 261, 69 more than the
      193 present in the alpha-globin mRNA. Comparison of size estimates of newly
      synthesized globin mRNAs containing longer average lengths of poly(A) shhowed
      that there is no comparable processin of the 5' termini of the alpha-and beta
      globin mRNAs concomitant with the stepwise degradation of the poly(A)  regions
      which occur as the mRNAs mature.

PMID- 963077
TI  - Preferential regulation of protein synthesis initiation complex formation by
      purine nucleotides.
AB  - A comparison of the affinities of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and eukaryotic
      elongation factor 1 for GTP and GDP, and of the responses of initiation and
      elongation complex formation to various GTP mol fractions indicated that the
      initiation reaction was more sensitive to changes in the GTP: GDP ratio. In vitro
      regulation of the GTP: GDP ratio by the adenylate energy charge, a sensitive
      control parameter, also demonstrated a preference for regulation of formation of
      initiation complexes when compared to elongation complexes. These studies suggest
      that, based on the availability of energy, initiation is the rate-limiting step
      in the overall protein synthetic process.

PMID- 963078
TI  - N(3) soordination by a purine analog. The crystal structure of trichloro(8
      azaadeninium)zinc(II).

PMID- 963079
TI  - Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. VII. Initiation of protein synthesis in
      isolated intact pea chloroplasts.
AB  - Isolated intact pea chloroplasts use light energy to synthesise N-formayl [35S]
      methionylpuromycin when incubated with L-[35S]methionine and puromycin. Control
      experiments establish that this synthesis occurs on chloroplast ribosomes, and
      not on contaminating mitochondrial or bacterial ribosomes. The amount of N
      formylmethionylpuromycin formed suggests that each messenger RNA that is being
      translated in vitro undergoes initiation at least twice. We conclude that
      isolated, intact pea chloroplasts carry out the initiation of protein synthesis,
      as well as the elongation and termination of polypeptide chains.

PMID- 963080
TI  - Ribosomal RNA synthesis in the mycelium of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. High
      molecular weight RNA.
AB  - Total RNA was extracted from 24 h old mycelia of Phycomyces blakesleeanus which
      had been grown in liquid culture. Heavy molecular weight RNA was fractionated on
      2.6% polyacrylamide gels. 1. The main cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA fractions had
      molecular weights of 1.34 and 0.72-16(6). 2. [3H]Uridine pulse labelling of
      cultures revealed an initial ribosomal RNA precursor of molecular weight 2.5
      10(6). 3. An intermediate precursor for the 1.34 - 10(6) dalton peak was found,
      having a molecular weight of 1.6-10(6). 4. Pulse-chase experiments, using
      [3H]methionine, showed the flow of synthesis as being (see article). 5. Mature
      0.72-10(6) dalton RNA appeared prior to the 1.34-10(6) dalton RNA but no
      immediate precursor for it was detected.

PMID- 963081
TI  - Chain elongation and joining of DNA synthesized during hydroxyurea treatment of
      Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - We have previously presented evidence that hydroxyurea treatment of synchronized
      G1 Chinese hamster cells did not prevent the entry of cells into the DNA
      synthetic period but that the DNA synthesized during this period (in which total
      DNA synthesis was severely depressed) was quite small (Walters, R.A., Tobey, R.A.
      and Hildebrand, C.E. (1976) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com. 69, 212-217). In view of
      the reported effects of hydroxyurea on deoxyribonucleoside metabolism and
      possible relationship to control of DNA replication (Bjursell, G. and Reichard,
      P. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248,3904-3909 and Walters, R.A., Tobey, R.A. and
      Ratliff, R.L. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 319, 336-347), we examined the fate
      of DNA synthesized during and shortly after hydroxyurea treatment to determine if
      this DNA exhibited any kinetic behavior which might be an indicator of aberrant
      synthesis. We found that, upon hydroxyurea removal, DNA grew at a linear rate of
      0.98 +/- 0.12 - 10(6) dalton/min (0.98 +/- 0.12 mum/min) for about 2.3h.
      Beginning at 2.3 h, DNA with a molecular weight approx. 1.4 - 10(8) was very
      rapidly integrated into bulk DNA of greater than or equal to 3.5 - 10(8) daltons.
      The apparent growth rate of the 1.4 - 10(8) dalton DNA was approx. 10.6 mum/min.
      The data suggest that, at least for this DNA, joining into bulk DNA required one
      third to one-half of the S period to begin and once begun, occurred very rapidly.
      The possibility of inegration of replicon clusters is considered.

PMID- 963082
TI  - Histone inhibition of DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells permeable to
      macromolecules.
AB  - Mouse L Cells, grown in suspension culture can be rendered permeable to exogenous
      deoxynucleoside triphosphates by a cold shock in a near isotonic buffer system.
      These cells use the deoxynucleotides to synthesize DNA in a semiconservative
      fashion. The addition of 0.05% Triton X-100 to this system increases the
      permeability of the cells so that exogenously supplied macromolecules gain access
      to the DNA. When DNAase and phosphodiesterase are added to the detergent
      permeabilized cells, the cell DNA is rapidly degraded, demonstrating that the
      enzymes reach the DNA within the first 2 min of the incubation period. Addition
      of whole calf thymus histone or histone fractions to the detergent-permeabilized
      cells inhibits DNA synthesis. The lysine-rich histone, F is a more effective
      inhibitor than the arginine-rich histone, F3. The other histone fractions
      including the slightly lysine-rich fractions, F2a and F2b, are intermediate
      between F1 and F3 as inhibitors of DNA- synthesis. Kinetic analysis demonstrates
      that the added histones increase apparent Km and reduce V of DNA synthesis in the
      permeabilized cells. These studies suggest the possibility that histones alter
      the association of the DNA replication complex and the DNA template in a manner
      that reduces the rate of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 963083
TI  - Double strandedness of nascent DNA of a higher plant (Vicia faba).
AB  - After a pulse of 5-10 min with [3H]thymidine, labeled DNA extracted from
      embryonic axes of Vicia seeds sedimented as a rather homogeneous peak at approx.
      10S in an alkaline sucrose density gradient, as described in our previous paper
      ((1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 395, 314-321). The sedimentation pattern of the
      same pulse-labeled DNA in a neutral gradient showed a wide range of sizes from
      approx. 14 S to more than 40 S. However, most of these labeled DNA components,
      including the 14-20 S shorter fragments, were shown to have a double-stranded
      structure by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Further investigations on
      neutral sucrose gradients revealed a decreased occurrence after a chase, and
      final disappearance after a longer chase period of these shorter double-stranded
      fragments. A possible secondary structure of the newly synthesized DNA in a
      higher plant (Vicia faba) is discussed.

PMID- 963084
TI  - Free and membrane-bound ribosomes. VI. Distribution of free sulphydryl groups in
      rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes.
AB  - When free and membrane-bound ribosomes were titrated with N-ethyl[14C]-maleimide
      or 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), 25 free SH groups were detected in 
      polysomes, 10 in the 60 S subunit and 14 in the 40 S subunits. When individual
      ribosomal proteins were analysed, one large subunit protein L14 was found to be
      strongly labelled compared to the other ribosomal proteins, in polysomes,
      monosomes and subunits. However, two additional protein spots from the small
      subunit were more radioactive in monosomes and subunits than inpolysomes. In all
      these studies, it was found that the distribution of free SH groups in free and
      membrane-bound ribosomes was identical except for the few proteins which were
      reported before to be specific for free or membrane-bound ribosomes (Fehlmann, .,
      Bellemare, G. and Godin, C. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 378, 119-124 and
      Fehlmann, M., Bellemare, G. and Godin, C. (1975) FEBS Lett. 59, 8-12).

PMID- 963085
TI  - [Distribution of identical amino acid residues in the primary structure of
      proteins].
AB  - It is shown that the distribution of identical amino acid residues in the primary
      structure of 83 non-homologous proteins containing about 14 000 amino acids is
      near to a casual one, i.e. it is determined by the amino acid composition. A
      characteristic feature of such distribution is an increased probability of a
      common grouping of amino acid residues.

PMID- 963086
TI  - [Selective broadening of NMR lines as a criterion in studying the interaction of
      Mn(II) with amino acids and peptides in D20].
AB  - A proton NMR study was carried out on complexes of Mn(II) with amino acids and
      peptides in aqueous solution. The theory, based on the Solomon-Bloembergen
      equations, was summarized and discussed. Different types of equilibria involving
      the anionic and zwittrionic forms of the amino acids were taken into account,
      together with the presence of outer- and inner-sphere species. The related
      correlation times were evaluated. Sarcosine, beta-alanine, threonine, tyrosine,
      valine, beta-alanine, proline, histidine and cystein complexes with Mn(II) were
      investigated on the basis of the NMR spectra. Moreover, diglycine and triglycine
      were studied in the presence of manganous ion at different pH value. The findings
      were discussed in terms of selective broadening of the NMR peaks and compared
      with data in the literature.

PMID- 963087
TI  - [Optical measurements of nucleic acids in the presence of phenol and protein
      impurities].
AB  - Spectrophotometric method of determining the presence of phenol admixture in
      nucleic acid samples is presented. The method is based on determining the optical
      density ratio at 270 and 240 nm. This ratio is highly sensitive to the presence
      of phenol in solution. The method of determining nucleic acid concentration in
      the presence of phenol is also described. It is based on recording circular
      dichroism values at 265 nm for RNA and 275 nm for DNA. It is shown that the ratio
      of optical densities of nucleic acid samples at 260 and 280 nm is not a very
      sensitive criterion of the presence of proteins in solution. A much more
      sensitive characteristics is the ratio of circular dichroism values at 222 and
      265 nm.

PMID- 963088
TI  - [Formalin-induced chemiluminescence in model protein-lipid systems].
AB  - Mechanisms of formalin--induced luminescence of protein-lipid complexes have been
      studied. Free radical reactions of lipid oxidation were shown to be necessary for
      generating luminescence quanta. The luminescence intensity was mostly promoted by
      fluorescing products formed in the reoxidized system protein-lipid. Formalin
      induced flash of luminescence in these systems may evidently serve as an express
      method for analysing protein sample contamination with unsaturated lipids.

PMID- 963089
TI  - [Determination of the mechanism of action of antioxidants in lipid systems from
      chemiluminescence in the presence of ferrous oxide].
AB  - Different action mechanisms of antioxidants affecting various stages of
      chemoluminescence developing in the lipid systems with ferrous ions are
      considered theoretically. Experimental studies are carried out on beta-naphtol
      and 5-oxitriptamine--antioxidants whose action mechanism in other systems has
      been investigated. It is concluded while comparing the experimental data with
      theoretical concepts that beta-naphtol in mitochondria and liposome suspensions
      binds the radicals according to the "sticking" mechanism, while 5-oxitriptamine
      reduces hydroperoxides.

PMID- 963090
TI  - [The simplest biochemical autogenerator--open enzyme reaction, S in equilibrium
      with P, with substrate inhibition].
AB  - Considered is the mathematical model of an open reversible enzymic reaction S
      equilibrium P with enzyme E inhibited by excess substrate S. The quasi-stationary
      output characteristic of the reaction, v(p), is shown to be of hysteretic Z
      shaped form. It gives the rate of the product formation, v, as a function of of
      p=P], provided d[S]dt=0. Owing to hysteresis of the characteristic the reaction
      can exhibit 1 to 3 stationary states of different stability. Under specified
      conditions there occur self-oscillations in the reaction. Multiple stationary
      states and self-oscillations take place only with positive v, i.e. when the net
      flux is from S to P. The reaction considered is the simplest of all biochemical
      oscillators studied thus far.

PMID- 963091
TI  - [Oxidation-reduction potentials of chlorophyll pigments in photosynthesizing
      organisms on different levels of evolutionary development].
AB  - According to polarographically measured EOred of bacteriochlorophyll "a",
      chlorobium chlorophyll "660", "b" and "a" chlorophylls (-0.67 V, -0.73 V, -0.79
      V, -0.86 V-n.h.e.) and literature data about Eoox of these pigments (+/-0.62 V, +
      0.62 V, + 0.78 V, +0.77 V correspondingly) it has been shown that chemical energy
      stored in the singular photochemical set is increased in the evolution of the
      photosynthetic apparatus. It has apparently resulted in the possibility of
      evolutionary approach to utilization of more inert and more accessible (water)
      electron donors and favoured further development of photosynthesizing organisms.

PMID- 963092
TI  - [Experimental verification of a mathematical model of plasma protein and
      erythrocyte regeneration after blood loss].
AB  - The regeneration process after 40% bleeding is mathematically regular. Albumin,
      hemoglobin and red cells regeneration is expressed by the fraction-linear
      function. This law is true for albumin resotration only immediately after blood
      loss. Red cells and hemoglobin recovery begins only 3 days after acute bleeding,
      when albumin concentration rises by 90% of the normal level. Mathematical
      regularity of albumin regeneration was destroyed after the liver denervation or
      spleenectomy.

PMID- 963093
TI  - [Biopolymer crystallization in malignant tumors].
AB  - It is shown by statistical analysis of structural studies of different polymers
      and polypeptides compounds, qualitative considerations and experimental studies
      of ascite strain of Ehrlich tumour that the growth of the tumour is accompanied
      by a specific course of crystallization of biopolymers.

PMID- 963094
TI  - [Structural changes in ganglioside micelles during interaction with serotonin].
AB  - Structure changes of ganglioside micelles in the process of serotonin bonding are
      considered. It was shown by viscosimetric and differential refraction studies
      that stretching of elliptical ganglioside micelles in the serotonin bonding
      process took place. The scope of micelles form changes depends on the pH value.
      An increase of the micelles summary negative charge at pH 9 increased the number
      of bonding centres and simultaneously caused deeper deformation of micelles due
      to the repulsion of the identically charged groups.

PMID- 963095
TI  - [Distribution of small hydrophobic molecules in membranes. II. Heterogeneity of
      binding centers on a phospholipid bilayer surface].
AB  - 4-dimethylaminochalcone (DMC), a hydrophobic uncharged fluorescent probe, was
      bound to a phospholipid bilayer surface and was distributed in different binding
      sites. Sites whose polar groups of phospholipid and hydration shell molecules
      were the least mobile had the greatest affinity to DMC. The increase
      DMC/phospholipid ratio resulted in DMC molecules getting bound to sites of a
      lesser affinity whose polar groups were more mobile. Cholesterol presence caused
      DMC binding to the first type of sites only.

PMID- 963096
TI  - [2 mechanisms of membrane electroconductivity with tetrachloro-2
      trifluoromethylbenzimidazole (TTFB)].
AB  - It has been found during galvanostatic measurements under the conditions of
      diffusion overtension that charge transfer through the membrane is carried out by
      the transfer of a proton from a neutral form to an anion (acidic region), or by
      transfer of a negative charge--dimer due to the formation of a hydrogen bond
      between them on the membrane border (alkaline region).

PMID- 963097
TI  - [Potential difference across subcellular particle membranes. I. Chemiosmotic and
      chemielectric mechanism of generation].
AB  - Transformation of light energy, of substrate oxidation and ATP hydrolysis energy
      into electric form during both oxidative and photo-phosphorylation can be
      described not only by means of chemiosmotic but also by chemielectric hypothesis.
      The latter hypothesis supposes, that dehydrated protons are taken up by
      electrostatic forces into the inner part of the membrane. Protons move into the
      input channels following electrons driven by chemical forces. Inside the membrane
      H+-ions are released into the output channels when electrons are transferred to
      the next electron carriers. Output H+-channels eject protons towards the other
      side of the membrane along the gradient of rising polarization of the channels.
      The inner resistance of chemielectric potential generators is lower than that of
      chemiosmotic one. A model of chemielectric mechanism is proposed. According to
      this mechanism electrons driving protons move along nonheme iron proteins and H+
      ions are released into the output channels from semiquinones and hydroquinones.

PMID- 963098
TI  - [Potential difference across subcellular particle membranes. II. Compensation
      method of measurement].
AB  - "Zero-loop" of the molecular potential transformer of submitochondrial particles
      (SMP) is separated from the remaining electron transfer chain by rotenone, and
      its e.m.f. ET=0,003+RT/2F in [NADP X H] [NAD+]/[NADP+] [NAD X H] volts is used in
      the compensative method of measurement of the potential difference across the SMP
      membrane (delta USMP). The phospholipid membrane, measuring the concentration of
      the penetrating anions in the solution contained SMP, is used as "zero
      indicators". This concentration drops monotonically with increase in delta USMP.
      Delta USMP is equal to ET when the addition of substrates of transhydrogenase
      reaction with definite ET does not change the potential across phospholipid
      membrane.

PMID- 963099
TI  - [Eserine-induced change in membrane potential of frog muscle fibers].
AB  - The action of eserine of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) reversible inhibitor of frog
      muscle fibres membrane potential (MP) under various physico-chemical conditions
      in external solution was studied. The data obtained show that changes of external
      pH in any direction decrease the depolarisation of the membrane produced by
      eserine. The dose-effect curve is linear at pH 7, but it has saturation at pH 6
      and pH 9. Dependence of the membrane depolarisation in the presence of eserine
      upon calcium ions concentration in external solution is S-shape. Protonophore
      3C1CCP (carbonilcianamid-m-3C1-phenylhydrazon) depolarises the membrane further
      in the presence of eserine. Valinomycin under these conditions completely
      restores the MP. Evidence is obtained that eserine reduces potassium permeability
      of the muscle membrane. It is supposed that membrane-bound AchE is involved in
      the ionic permeability regulation of the muscle membrane at rest.

PMID- 963100
TI  - [Spectroscopic study of the interaction of cationic dyes with mitochondria].
AB  - Data are presented on the changes of absorption spectra of two cation dyes: nils
      blue and acridine orange while binding them with intact mitochondria of the rat
      liver in various functional states. It is found that when the dyes are bound with
      mitochondria characteristic changes proceed in the absorption spectra of dyes.
      These changes show that the formation of the dye molecule dimers is more
      intensive on the membrane than in solution. Energisation of mitochondria leads to
      a more intensive formation of acridine orange dimers, but the formation of nils
      blue dimers becomes less intensive. A suggestion is made about different nature
      of the interaction between these dyes and active groups of the mitochondria
      membrane.

PMID- 963101
TI  - [Are the reciprocal sliding of protofibrils and the shortening of thick filaments
      during muscle contraction based on a common molecular mechanism?].
AB  - It is assumed that the back stroke of myosin bridges in a contracting fibre is
      determined by nucleotide binding. Then an inhibition of actomyosin dissociation
      can lead to the shortening of the thick filaments. Possible existence of a
      protein control system, suppressing this dissociation is discussed.

PMID- 963102
TI  - [Inactivation of skeletal muscle actin from newborn and adult rabbits in
      different conditions of polymerization and sample storage].
AB  - Changes in polymerization degree of actin of newborn and adult rabbit muscles
      while storing solutions were studied. It is found that under different
      polymerization and storage conditions including the presence of ATP, Ca++ ions, 2
      metacaptoethanole of ethanole which slow down the inactivation of actin the
      latter proceeds faster in newborn rabbits than in adult ones. It is suggested
      that with different inactivation rate of actin of newborn and adult rabbits are
      associated the differences in their polymerization degree found earlier.

PMID- 963103
TI  - [Asymmetrical behavior of small intestine epithelium under osmotic pressure].
AB  - The influence of wide interval of osmotic gradients on transepithelial potential
      differences through small intestine were investigated. It was found, that ion
      permeability begins to rise at osmotic pressures equal to 0.200-0.250 osmomol on
      serosal side and 0.350-0.400 osomomol on mucosal side. The variatin in behaviour
      of osmotic potential differences caused by flows directed from mucosal solution
      to serosal one and in the reverse direction at smaller osmotic pressure is shown.
      An assumption was made that observed features of behaviour of osmotic potential
      differences were due to structural reorganization in intracellular junction.

PMID- 963104
TI  - [Deformation and morphogenesis of Acetabularia cell membrane. I. Relation of
      deformation to genetic and geometric factors].
AB  - Relationships between the changes of geometric shape, volume and deformations of
      the apical growth part of acetabularia cell are studied. Jung module E
      approximately 25 kg/cm2, viscosity coefficient of the apex cell theta 4 - 10(4)
      kg-sec/cm2 and intracellular pressure P approximately 1 kg/cm2 are measured. Cell
      shape formation according to Waddington is concerned with simple physical factors
      which are under the genetic control. It is shown that uneven deformations with
      the loss of shape stability bring about periodic cell complications.

PMID- 963105
TI  - [Deformation and morphogenesis of Acetabularia cell membrane. II. Local
      mechanisms of regulating viscoelastic deformations].
AB  - Relationships between growth velocities of some parts of Acetabularia cell, ratio
      between the thickness of the cell membrane and apex diameter (its constructive
      rigidity), intracellular pressure and viscose-elastic deformations are used for
      physical substantiation of Waddington's concepts concerned with the existence and
      important search of local morphogenetic mechanisms. Their realization in a
      strongly deformated regions of Acetabularia cell membrane is shown. The
      relationship between viscosity, synthesis of the material and dimensions of
      region and intracellular pressure is found.

PMID- 963106
TI  - [Electric parameters and equivalent schematics for Acetabularia cells].
AB  - Was measured values of electric resistance (R) and capacity (C) of A.
      mediterranea cell at different levels of the membrane potential (MP). At the
      level -170 mV, RRP=4,3 KOm-cm2, at the level -80 mV REP=1,4 KOm-cm2. At both
      levels of MP C congruent to 1,3-10(3) mkF/cm2. A variant of equivalent electric
      scheme of the cell is suggested. Values of the elements comprising the scheme are
      presented, which allow an approximate reproduction of the value of MP levels and
      of transient processes between them.

PMID- 963107
TI  - [Relation between light-induced intracellular and extracellular bioelectric
      reactions of plants].
AB  - The parallel registration of light-induced changes of electrical potential of the
      water plant Elodea has been made with the help of intracellular-microelectrode
      and extracellular-contact methods. It has been shown that the curve of the light
      induced bioelectrical reaction (LBR) under the extracellular registration was
      similar to the curve of the first differential of light-induced changes of
      intracellular electrical potential (LIP), but with a negative sign. Thus, the
      kind of changing of LBR, as the first differential of LIP, may give information
      about intracellular potential of ground plants, for which the microelectrode way
      of registration was impossible. The likeness between LBR of Elodea and the ground
      plants studied suggests the general regularities in the light-induced changes of
      electrical potentials of different plants.

PMID- 963108
TI  - [Relation of light-induced fluorescence quenching of Atabrine to photosynthetic
      electron transport in isolated pea chloroplasts].
AB  - Light-induced fluorescence quenching of atebrin in isolated pea chloroplasts was
      studied. The observed quenching effect was shown to be influenced by DCMU, ADP+P
      and cofactors of photosynthetic electron transport. In the presence of ADP+P the
      amplitude of the quenching in control plants was not changed, whereas in the pea
      mutant blocked at PS2 it was considerably decreased. However the dark decay rate
      of the quenching effect in both cases increased 2-3 folds.

PMID- 963109
TI  - [Work of large information systems].
AB  - The problem of application of informational ideas to the study of large
      informational systems, such as brain, is considered. Analysis follows some ideas
      of Winograd and Kowan's theory of reliable computations in the presence of noise.
      In the beginning of paper the "material analogy" for intuitive understanding of
      Shannon's results is proposed. Afterwards there is given the formulation of
      coding theorem for the case of "informational collective"--a large group of
      informational sources and receivers. In conclusion it is shown that such
      properties of neuronal structures as "stochastic" neural connections are
      reasonable from the point of information theory.

PMID- 963110
TI  - [Boundary conditions for excitation propagation equations which do not distort
      the picture of impulse movement].
AB  - New boundary conditions for the equations of excitation propagation are
      suggested. These conditions prescribe in the point in the end of the fiber the
      action potential which would be developed there, if half-infinite fiber would
      proceed further. The conditions suggested 1) in a number of cases allow to obtain
      an undistorted picture of excitation propagation, e.g. the picture when impulses
      fall out when a chain of impulses moves along the fiber; 2) save computer time
      and memory. Boundary conditions for syncitium and flat medium are considered.

PMID- 963111
TI  - [Calculation of wave velocity in an excitable medium].
AB  - Analytical descriptions for the form and velocity values of sharp fronts in the
      impulse propagating in excitable medium are derived. In initial equations the
      form of nonlinear function is prescribed by the polynom of the third of fifth
      power.

PMID- 963112
TI  - [EEG potential theory in a model with thin brain integuments. III. Source-
      tangential double layer in the cortex].
AB  - Estimates of EEG-potentials obtained in the model of polylayer spherical and flat
      cables indicate that the geometry of the skull has only little influence.
      Potentials of EEG of the radial dipole and the tangential double layer are
      expressed by simple formules in these models. A theoretical explanation
      concerning great dispersion of ECoG to EEG ratio and identity of EEG-potentials,
      registered by two electrodes spaced within about 2 cm of one another, is
      presented.

PMID- 963113
TI  - [Moments in human leg joints during walking].
AB  - An automated method is developed to obtain the moments of internal forces in the
      leg joints during walking. A considerable variability of joints moments is
      observed, which sufficiently exceeds that of the kinematic parameters of walking.
      For normal walking three different types of joints moments can be distinguished.
      The formal foundation for the variability of the moments is given, and a
      hypothesis is proposed, according to which the variability is associated with the
      keeping of equilibrium.

PMID- 963114
TI  - [Modelling the reaction of the horizontal cell layer to non-uniform light].
AB  - A mathematical model of horizontal cells in fish retina is constructed. Some
      conclusions and hypotheses concerning potential distribution and synaptic current
      are discussed.

PMID- 963115
TI  - [Torsional movements of the human eye. I. Torsional movements on inclining the
      head towards the shoulder].
AB  - The characteristics of the torsional eye movements during head tilting were
      investigated. Different conditions were used in the experiments. The subjects
      were in sitting and lying positions in the light and in the dark. A new method of
      recording with the suction device of Yarbus and the simple optical system allowed
      to have records without some redundant components of movement. This made record
      processing less complex and more accurate. The torsional drift in the slow phase
      of the eye movement was found present under any conditions. When being recorded
      simultaneously both eyes in man were in identical and synchronous movement.

PMID- 963116
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of enzyme-solubilized collagen fibrils].

PMID- 963117
TI  - [Conformational state of histones].

PMID- 963118
TI  - [Effect of increased osmotic pressure on the state of liver cell contacts and
      surface].

PMID- 963119
TI  - [Properties of the spinal center pacemaker in frog lymph hearts].

PMID- 963120
TI  - The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the hinge ligament in
      bivalve molluscs.

PMID- 963121
TI  - Nervous control of ciliary activity in gastropod larvae.

PMID- 963122
TI  - Inheritance of demographic and production parameters in the marine copepod
      Eurytemora herdmani.

PMID- 963123
TI  - The production of aposymbiotic hydra by the photodestruction of green hydra
      zoochlorellae.

PMID- 963124
TI  - Urease from the lugworm, Arenicola cristata.

PMID- 963125
TI  - Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding: II. Feedback,
      expectation, olfaction, illusions.

PMID- 963126
TI  - Control systems model of the spontaneous and light-evoked patterns of the
      compound action potentials in the eye of Aplysia.

PMID- 963127
TI  - Generation of the nervous impulse and periodic oscillations.

PMID- 963128
TI  - A possible model for the electrical responses of frog rods during light and dark
      adaptation.

PMID- 963129
TI  - Neurodynamics--an approach to theoretical neurophysiology.

PMID- 963130
TI  - Critical bands and filter characteristics in the ear of the housemouse (Mus
      musculus).

PMID- 963131
TI  - Some comments on the derivation of the Wiener filter for average evoked
      potentials.

PMID- 963132
TI  - The singularities of the visual mapping.

PMID- 963133
TI  - CSF amine metabolites, clinical symptoms, and body movement in psychiatric
      patients.
AB  - The relationships between CSF monoamine metabolites (HVA and 5HIAA), nurses'
      ratings of clinical symptoms, and telemetered measures of motor movement of ten
      schizophrenic and ten depressed patients were investigated. There was a
      significant negative correlation between CSF 5HIAA and both agitation ratings and
      motor movement in the schizophrenics. CSF HVA correlated positively to anxiety
      and anger in the depressives. The schizophrenics had a significantly higher CSF
      HVA than the depressives which appeared unrelated to motor movement. The effects
      of serotonin turnover and arousal in schizophrenia and the association between
      CSF metabolite gradients, stress, motor movement, and biogenic amine levels in
      depression are discussed.

PMID- 963134
TI  - Alcoholism: averaged visual evoked response amplitude-intensity slope and
      symmetry in withdrawal.
AB  - Alcohol withdrawal has been characterized in terms of some EEG changes but seldom
      in terms of the averaged evoked response. Characteristics of the AER, such as
      amplitude, latency, and the least-squares slope of the AER amplitude as a
      function of stimulus intensity, have been found to change as a function of
      arousal and to separate some psychiatric groups. Seventeen alcoholics in
      withdrawal, 27 stabilized alcoholics, and 30 control volunteer subjects
      participated in an experiment to determine the changes in AER characteristics in
      withdrawal. Four stimulus intensities were presented to the subjects from a Grass
      PS 22 photostimulator with the flash sources 102 cm from the nasion. AER
      amplitude, the slope of the amplitude as a function of stimulus intensity, and
      bilateral symmetry scores were calculated for group comparison. Withdrawal and
      stabilized alcoholics were found to have significantly greater AER amplitudes at
      all intensity levels. Greater A-I slope from the right hemisphere and higher
      symmetry were found for withdrawal alcoholics than the other two groups.

PMID- 963135
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: potential for drug abuse.
AB  - Both the amphetamines and MAO inhibitors share common clinical and
      pharmacological properties, namely, (i) to clinically induce euphoriant
      stimulating type and psychotomimetic effects in certain individuals, and (ii) to
      increase, albeit by different mechanisms, the amount of functionally available
      neurotransmitter (catecholamines and indoleamines) at the receptor site. The
      present data now indicate that, like the amphetamines, the use of MAO inhibitors
      can be clinically associated with dependence-tolerance. Perhaps these clinical
      findings will converge with other clinical-biochemical data in helping to define
      the specific amine(s) responsible for not only the clinical effects of these
      drugs but also the etiopathogenesis of major psychiatric illnesses such as the
      affective disorders and schizophrenia.

PMID- 963136
TI  - Effects of mescaline on flinch and movement shock thresholds in rats.

PMID- 963137
TI  - Letter: Parent-child similarity in some childhood behavior characteristics.

PMID- 963138
TI  - Letter: The sex ratio of siblings of schizophrenics.

PMID- 963139
TI  - Subjective wellbeing and temporal patterns of sympathetic-adrenal medullary
      activity.
AB  - Sixteen male subjects performed an audiovisual-conflict during 1 h of an ordinary
      day of work. Adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion and subjective reactions were
      measured before, during, and after the test period as well as at corresponding
      points in time in a control day of ordinary work with interruption. This program
      was carried out on two occasions, which were expected to differ with respect to
      the subjects' general mental condition and wellbeing. There were large
      intraindividual as well as interindividual variations in the rate at which
      adrenaline output decreased after the stress period. The results support the
      hypothesis that rapid recovery to baseline levels is positively related to a
      relaxed, alert and subjectively pleasant state of mind.

PMID- 963140
TI  - Organismic, stimulus and task determinants of phasic and tonic heart rate and
      skin conductance changes.
AB  - The effects of three variables (perceptual style 'leveling--sharpening', stimulus
      intensity and task) on tonic and phasic heart rate and skin conductance responses
      were studied. 24 levelers and 24 sharpeners received a series of 25 auditory
      stimuli under two instructions (task): in one task subject had to listen
      carefully to possible small differences between tones (intake task) and in the
      other task the subject had to count back silently and could neglect the tones
      (rejection task). One third of each group received tones of 50 dB, one third 75
      dB and one third 100 dB. Results show that task has a strong effect on tonic
      responses in the direction predicted from Lacey's intake--rejection hypothesis.
      There is hardly any effect of task on phasic responses: only at the first trial
      heart rate tends to decelerate more in the intake than in the rejection task.
      Stimulus intensity does not influence tonic responses but very strongly affects
      phasic responses: deceleration to 50 and 75 dB, acceleration to 100 dB. GSR
      amplitude increases monotonically as a function of stimulus intensity. There is
      no difference between levelers and sharpeners with regard to tonic responses.
      Concerning phasic heart rate, sharpeners decelerate more than levelers and
      levelers have greater GSRs than sharpeners. It is suggested that tonic changes
      are relatively more under cognitive control, whereas phasic changes are more of a
      non-cognitive reflex-like nature. A relationship between the distinction arousal
      activation as proposed by Pribram and McGuinness (1975) and the results of this
      experiment was suggested.

PMID- 963141
TI  - Bilateral EEG differentiation of stimuli.
AB  - The EEG of both right and left hemispheres was monitored while subjects were
      presented with words, music, arithmetical problems and abstract pictures, (15
      trials of each treatment, 9 sec per trial). The left side of the brain was most
      activated during presentation of words and arithmetic, whilst the right side of
      the brain was most activated during presentation of music. In addition, the right
      side was more activated during exposure to arithmetic than to words. The pictures
      were not differentiated by either side of the brain and it is possible that they
      had the effect of deactivating or relaxing subjects, since they yielded high
      abundance values compared with other stimuli. This study confirms earlier
      findings showing significant between-hemisphere ratios for arithmetic and words.
      In addition, however, the within-hemisphere analyses show that music affects the
      right hemisphere (without inducing between-hemisphere changes) and that
      arithmetic also activates the right hemisphere if compared with the non
      activating effects of words.

PMID- 963142
TI  - Signal onset and task variables in auditory evoked potentials.
AB  - Two auditory evoked potential studies were run to determine the effects of
      stimulus rise times on amplitude of N1-P2 onset and offset potentials. Onset
      potentials were reduced with increased onset durations. No consistent
      relationship was found in N1-P2 offset potentials as a function of stimulus rise
      time. The effects of listening tasks and stimulus duration were also examined.

PMID- 963143
TI  - Summated vertex potentials to auditory and visual stimuli.

PMID- 963144
TI  - A modification of the Johnson-Neyman technique comparing two regressions, applied
      to treatment effects dependent on baseline levels.
AB  - Treatment effects can often depend on baseline (pre-treatment) variables. This is
      ignored in many studies, or else the relationship is removed statistically by
      analysis of covariance. The latter method, however, assumes that slopes are equal
      and also loses information on the base-line contribution. Instead, the Johnson
      Neyman technique does not assume that slopes are equal and furthermore permits
      examination of the baseline contribution. The method was devised for education
      research and is here extended to biological studies. However, the method assumes
      that variances are equal for the regressions, which might not be always so. The
      mmodification proposed accommodates inequalities of variance, whether intrinsic
      to the regressions or resulting from differences in group size. The Johnson-
      Neyman technique is discussed in relation to alternative analyses and, in
      appropriate situations, is considered to yield more information. Furthermore,
      with the refinement described, it involves even fewer assumptions and becomes
      more powerful.

PMID- 963145
TI  - Serum FSH, LH, and prolactin in adult ovariectomized mice bearing silastic
      implants of estradiol: responses to social cues.

PMID- 963146
TI  - Annual testosterone rhythm in the black bear (Ursus americanus).

PMID- 963147
TI  - Age and sex differences in prolactin response to phenothiazines in rats.

PMID- 963148
TI  - Androgen control of the sexual maturation pheromone in house mouse urine.

PMID- 963149
TI  - The extraction of acrosin from human spermatozoa.

PMID- 963150
TI  - Cholinergic effects on bull and chimpanzee sperm motility.

PMID- 963151
TI  - Brain monoamine metabolism of turkey hens in various stages of their reproductive
      life cycle.

PMID- 963152
TI  - Chromatographic separation of puberty accelerating pheromone from male mouse
      urine.

PMID- 963153
TI  - Isolation of principal and basal cells from the epithelium of the hamster caput
      epididymidis by unit gravity sedimentation.

PMID- 963154
TI  - Factors which affect the relative contributions of ovarian and uterine arteries
      to the blood supply of reproductive organs in guinea pigs.

PMID- 963155
TI  - The effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on corpus luteum function in the Gottingen
      miniature pig.

PMID- 963156
TI  - Effect of antisera to gonadotropins on follicular development and fertility of
      mice.

PMID- 963157
TI  - The production of Mullerian inhibiting substance by the fetal, neonatal and adult
      rat.

PMID- 963158
TI  - Plasma levels of progesterone in pseudopregnant rabbits actively immunized with a
      progesterone-protein conjugate.

PMID- 963159
TI  - Cell loss of the aged rat blastocysts in relation to their viability.

PMID- 963160
TI  - The effect of passive immunization with hetero and isoimmune anti-ovary antiserum
      on the feritlization of mouse, rat and hamster eggs.

PMID- 963161
TI  - Testicular responses to photoperiod are blocked by lesions of the suprachiasmatic
      nuclei in golden hamsters.

PMID- 963162
TI  - Differing effects of comparable serum testosterone concentration on gonadotropin
      secretion in pre- and postpuberal orchidectomized rats.

PMID- 963163
TI  - Influence of genetically sterile males on fecundity of Norway rats.

PMID- 963164
TI  - The role of adrenal rhythmicity in puberty: effects of intermittent steroid
      replacement.

PMID- 963165
TI  - The ovarian artery as the final component of the local luteotropic pathway
      between a gravid uterine horn and ovary in ewes.

PMID- 963166
TI  - Telemetry in health care.
AB  - This article reviews the use of telemetry in health care. Monitoring of
      biological signals of medical importance such as the EKG, EEG, and EOG are
      described. Employment of telemetry in critical medical and surgical environs such
      as the delivery and operating suites is covered. The enormous importance of
      telemetry compatible with public communication systems such as voice grade
      telephone lines for remote medical care is discussed. The article does not enter
      into strictly engineering systems aspects in any detail; this was not the intent
      of the author. Nor is there any pretence to a completeness obviously not possible
      within its confines. It does concentrate on radio (wireless) telemetry
      transmissions over relatively great distances with freedom of patient movement.

PMID- 963167
TI  - Coating evolution with an implantable biological battery.
AB  - A cathode of smooth platinum in a right endoatrial position and an anode of Domal
      magnesium were used to construct a hybrid bioelectric battery designed to power a
      pacemaker. In use the cathode is gradually covered by a coating consisting of a
      crystalline layer and a layer of connective tissue. This coating is responsible
      for the system change in the reduction process at the cathode level: the transfer
      from an oxygen to a hydrogen system. This system change causes a voltage drop in
      the bioelectric battery. This paper deals with oxygen diffusion across the tissue
      layer, as well as with various spectral and chemical analyses. A high level of
      calcium and phosphorus in the different analyses carried out seems to show that
      the presence of these elements is related to the coating of the cathode. The
      effect on the formation of the coating of the position of the cathode is also
      discussed.

PMID- 963168
TI  - Knee forces during the activity of getting out of a chair with and without the
      aid of arms.
AB  - This is a preliminary study of the knee forces during the activity of getting out
      of a chair with and without the aid of arms. The equipment limited the study to
      the phase of the activity where no contact occurred between the subject and the
      chair seat. The model of the knee considered was two-dimensional, and quasi
      static. Analysis showed that the forces acting in both compartments of the knee
      were comparable with those occurring during other non-strenuous activities such
      as level walking. It was also shown that the use of arms to aid rising from a
      chair causes considerable reduction in both joint and muscle forces.

PMID- 963169
TI  - Stochastic model of metastases formation.
AB  - A mathematical model is developed to describe the dynamics of the hematogenous
      metastatic process to the lung from a solid tumor growing in a peripheral body
      site. The accumulation of tumor cell clumps of various sizes in the pulmonary
      circulation and the formation of metastatic foci are described by a non
      homogeneous, two-dimensional Markov process. An analytical solution is found for
      the special case of metastases produced by the intravenous injection of tumor
      cell clumps. The system is decoupled experimentally to determine the time-varying
      entrance rate of tumor cell clumps into the circulation from a growing
      fibrosarcoma and the number of metastatic foci produced by the intravenous
      injection of tumor clumps. Model validation is based on comparisons of model
      simulations with data for the development of metastatic foci and the probability
      of cure following tumor excision. The model is used to simulate hypothetical
      therapy to prevent tumor metastases.

PMID- 963170
TI  - A stochastic model for censored-survival data in the presence of an auxiliary
      variable.
AB  - In clinical trials and other investigations of survival time, information is
      often available on a time-dependent event other than survival. An example of such
      an auxiliary event in cancer studies is objective progression of disease. While
      some patients expire without experiencing objective disease progression, others
      die after progression is observed. This paper proposes a stochastic model which
      utilizes this type of information in the evaluation of survival time. Our
      intentions in presenting this model are to provide a means of relating survival
      and another time-dependent event to one another (each of which may be used in the
      evaluation of a patient's condition), and to obtain more precise estimates of
      survival time by exploiting its relationship with this other event. The intrinsic
      aspects of the model are related to the semi-Markov model proposed by Weiss and
      Zelen [1965]. An important difference is that the present model incorporates
      incomplete (censored) observations as well as covariante variables. Analysis of
      the model via the method of maximum likelihood and its testability are discussed.
      The methods are applied to the results of a recent lung cancer study.

PMID- 963171
TI  - A generalization of the one-sided two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic for
      evaluating diagnostic tests.
AB  - Suppose a continuous diagnostic measurement is used to classify patients, and
      suppose E1 false negative errors and E2 false positive errors result. The
      quantities E1 and E2, and the total number of misclassifications, L = E1 + E2,
      depend on the choice of cut-off value. We have determined the null distribution
      of min L, where minimization is over all possible cut-off values. The statistic,
      min L, can be used as a quick one-sided two-sample test, and min L is also useful
      for evaluating publications which present only a 2 X 2 table of false positives,
      false negatives, true positives and true negatives. In such cases, one can use
      min L to assess the usefulness of the diagnostic measurement, even if one
      suspects that the authors chose that particular cut-off value which minimized L
      after looking at the data. We extend these results to a more general weighted
      loss L = vE1 + MUE2 where v and mu are positive integers, and we show that min L
      is a generalization of the one-sided two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic,
      and, indeed, exactly equivalent to that statistic for appropriate choices of v
      and mu.

PMID- 963172
TI  - Life tables with concomitant information.
AB  - A regression model for the analysis of survival data adjusting for concomitant
      information is developed. The model presented can lead to the log linear
      exponential model (Glasser [1967]) and the life table regression model of Cox
      [1972]. In addition, the model described can be used to analyze data from the
      commonly employed actuarial life table. A discussion of the special case where
      one is comparing two survival curves is presented. The methods developed are
      illustrated using data from a clinical trial investigating treatments for lung
      cancer.

PMID- 963173
TI  - Use of the logistic model in retrospective studies.
AB  - A logistic regression model is used to study the association between a
      dichotomous exposure variable and a disease. The method takes into account
      factors that may confound the association and leads to a quantitative study of
      the influence of factors which are related to the strength of the association.
      Special results are given for matched pair data. A case-control study relating
      post-menopausal estrogen use and endometrial cancer provides illustration.

PMID- 963174
TI  - The efficiency of the multiple trial randomized response technique.
AB  - It has been proven theoretically that repeated administration of two-related
      question randomized response technique (RRT) substantially increases the
      efficiency by reducing the variance of the estimate. The realtive efficiency of
      RRT to direct question with various number of trials per respondent under various
      degrees of truthful response and various conditions has also been examined.
      However, if the respondent becomes more concerned about his anonymity, then the
      mean square error may be larger. A field study of limited scope conducted in
      Taichung, Taiwan indicated that this multiple trial RRT model is at least as
      feasible as, if not more feasible than, the conventional single trial RRT. There
      was no sign suggesting cooperation of respondents had deteriorated because each
      was asked to repeat the procedures three times. If the number of trials did not
      exceed three, we believe that the increase in the cost of survey and "exhaustion"
      of respondents from repeated administration of the same set of questions would be
      negligible. Hence, we believe that this multiple trial technique is a feasible
      and useful survey method for study of various contemporary social problems of
      sensitive nature. More field testing, particularly in different socio-cultural
      settings, is necessary however, before a general conclusion may be drawn.

PMID- 963175
TI  - Comparing the joint agreement of several raters with another rater.
AB  - In laboratory proficiency surveys which use reference laboratories for the
      evaluation of participant laboratories, a measure of the agreement of the
      participant laboratory with the reference laboratories is needed which considers
      the extent of agreement (or disagreement) among the reference laboratories
      themselves. In, a measure of nominal scale agreement, is proposed. In is
      interpreted as follows: Let a specimen be selected at random and rated by a
      reference laboratory which itself has been randomly selected from the n reference
      laboratories. If the specimen was also rated by the participant laboratory, this
      second rating would agree with the first at a rate In of the rate that would be
      obtained by a second randomly selected reference laboratory. An approximate
      (large sample) confidence interval for the ratio In is developed. In order to
      account for the more general case of scaled agreement, a weighted index of
      agreement is also considered.

PMID- 963176
TI  - Testing for a single outlier from a general linear regression.
AB  - Several authors have considered the problem of detection of outliers from the
      general linear model Y = Xbeta + mu. Ellenberg [1973] among others, has advocated
      use of a detection method which involves examination of the set of internally
      standardized least squares residuals. Mickey [1974] and Snedecor and Cochran
      [1968], apparently concerned about the usefulness of an outlier detection method
      which is based on residual estimates that themselves are biassed by the presence
      of the outlier, have proposed two other alternatives. It is shown that the three
      approaches are exactly equivalent. A detection procedure is described which uses
      as its test statistic the maximum of the internally standardized least squares
      residuals, and upper and lower bounds for the percentage points of the test
      statistic are given by Bonferroni inequalities. The computations required to
      obtain these approximate percentage points are illustrated in a numerical
      example. Finally, a brief simulation study of the performance of the procedure
      illustrates that the power of the test can be influenced by the position of the
      outlier vis-a-vis the structure of the design matrix X.

PMID- 963177
TI  - Properties of diagnostic data distributions.
AB  - In applications of statistical methods to medical diagnosis, information on
      patients' diseases and symptoms is collected and the resulting data-base is used
      to diagnose new patients. The data-structure is complicated by a number of
      factors, two of which are examined here: selection bias and unstable population.
      Under reasonable conditions, no correction for selection bias is required when
      assessing probabilities for diseases based on symptom information, and it is
      suggested that these "diagnostic distributions" should form the principal object
      of study. Transformation of these distributions under changing population
      structure is considered and shown to take on a simple form in many situations. It
      is argued that the prevailing paradigm of diagnostic statistics, which
      concentrates on incidence of symptoms for given disease, is largely inappropriate
      and should be replaced by an emphasis on diagnostic distributions. The
      generalized logistic model is seen to fit naturally into the new framework.

PMID- 963178
TI  - On the use of Pocock and Simon's method for balancing treatment numbers over
      prognostic factors in the controlled clinical trial.

PMID- 963179
TI  - Skewness in commingled distributions.
AB  - A likelihood ratio test is given for distinguishing skewness from commingled
      distributions, using a power transform to remove skewness appropriately for each
      of the alternatives tested. The alternative hypotheses postulate that the
      transformed data are from one normal or a mixture of two or three normal
      homoscedastic distributions. Since each mixture has unique asymmetry, skewness is
      estimated simultaneously with the means, proportions and variance of components.
      Commingling cannot be rigorously proven in this way, as some other transform may
      provide a better approximation to normality. However, the error of asserting
      admixture whenever there is skewness has been avoided, and estimates of admixture
      parameters provide a basis for more conclusive tests in relatives or other
      populations. Two examples are given, one in which adjustment for skeweness left
      evidence of commingling.

PMID- 963180
TI  - Variations in carcinoembryonic antigen levels correlated with tobacco consumption
      in normal subject.

PMID- 963181
TI  - Maintenance immunotherapy of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia using unirradiated
      blast cells and B.C.G.

PMID- 963182
TI  - Release of specific hepatic enzymes into medium in primary liver cell cultures.

PMID- 963183
TI  - Active immunological enhancement of sarcoma 180 in splenectomized Swiss mice.
AB  - Maximal enhancement of tumor growth was obtained in Swiss mice, with or without
      spleen, inoculated with S180 within a subcutaneously implanted glass cylinder and
      pretreated with soluble tumor antigen.

PMID- 963184
TI  - Transient antibodies to DNA polymerase in acute hepatitis B and related diseases.
AB  - Sera from patients with acute hepatitis, cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, as well
      as sera from healthy carriers and controls were examined for HBS antigen, DNA
      polymerase activity and for antibodies to HBS, HBC and DNA polymerase. The data
      presented suggest that in acute hepatitis the DNA polymerase test enabled us to
      diagnose at least 20% more cases of hepatitis B than with the RIA but that the
      DNA polymerase test is of little value for the screening of blood donors since
      all the healthy carriers gave negative results. As concerns the antibodies to DNA
      polymerase they appeared in at least 50% of the patients with acute hepatitis,
      they were transient and only detectable at the early beginning of the disease.
      These antibodies were also found to be different from the anti-HBS and anti-HBC
      antibodies.

PMID- 963185
TI  - Interactions of short chain aliphatic hydrocarbons with human blood and
      haemoglobin A solutions.
AB  - The solubilities  of methane, propane, butane and propylene were measured in
      human whole blood, human plasma and defatted haemoglobin solutions at 37 degrees
      C. For these four hydrocarbons the solubility coefficient (alpha = ml of gas STPD
      dissolved in one mal of the solvent under a pressure of one atmosphere) is higher
      in plasma than in an isoosmolar aqueous solution and higher in whole blood than
      in plasma. This is due to the presence of proteins and particularly of
      haemoglobin as shown by the dependence of alpha upon the concentration of
      haemoglobin in the medium. O2 capacity of human blood is not altered in the
      presence of these hydrocarbons and its affinity for O2 is slightly decreased.

PMID- 963186
TI  - Intestinal colonization with lactobacilli strains in neutropenic patients.
AB  - In order to protect granulopenic patients against infections by pathogens from
      their own digestive tract, large amounts of lactobacilli were given to 5 patients
      whose intestinal flora had been suppressed by oral antibiotics. In all these
      cases, lactobacilli failed to prevent spontaneous recolonization of the
      gastrointestinal tract by enteric bacteria. Six attempts of colonization were
      made; in spite of the importance of the inoculum administered orally, large
      numbers of lactobacilli were recovered from stools in only two cases.

PMID- 963187
TI  - [Effect of cycloleucine on renal uptake of dibasic amino acids and cystine].
AB  - Cycloleucinead ministration (a synthetic amino acid) to rats produces a selective
      hyperaminoaciduria bearing on dibasic amino acids (lysine, arginine, ornithine)
      and cystine. Interference of cycloleucine with tubular reabsorption of these
      amino acids was studied "in vitro", using rat kidney cortex slices. When dibasic
      amino acids and cystine are at physiological concentrations, the data indicate
      that cycloleucine decreases their intracellular accumulation. However, effect of
      cycloleucine "in vitro" is not specific whatsoever its concentration; similar
      results are obtained with neutral amino acids such as alpha-alanine and valine.
      Inhibitory effects are not modified by the presence of several amino acids in the
      incubation medium. The results are interpreted as evidence for a dissociation
      between "in vitro" cellular accumu-lation and "in vivo" transepithelial
      transport.

PMID- 963188
TI  - An analysis of the effect of random and ageing mechanisms on the survival of
      platelets.
AB  - Human platelets survival curves make it possible to estimate two factors which
      could be held responsible for the disappearance of cells: a) random destruction
      b) ageing of the platelets. This study was devoted to non-thrombocytopenic
      patients with chronic vascular disease. In 40% of the cases, the platelet
      destruction was found to be due to normal ageing of the cells combined with a
      random destruction process. The estimation of both of these parameters is of
      interest for the clinical survey of these patients. The statistical analysis of
      the remaining 60% of the cases presented here has demonstrated a pure linear
      disappearance of the labelled platelets. This obsveration favours ageing as the
      cause of the destruction of the platelets.

PMID- 963189
TI  - A simple method for the measurement of labelled compound incorporation into cells
      in culture.
AB  - A simple method for the measurement of labelled compound incorporation into cells
      in layer culture was developed. Compared to other methods it proves to spare time
      and to be more sensitive owing to the fact that cells are not detached from the
      culture vials until the end of the manipulation as these are dissolved in the
      scintillation medium together with the cells just before counting.

PMID- 963190
TI  - Salivary immunoglobulin determinations: their diagnostic value in Sjogren's
      syndrome.
AB  - Salivary immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) determinations are performed on 74
      patients with and without Sjogren's syndrome (SS). In normal subjects IgA is the
      only immunoglobulin detected in saliva by classical immunodiffusion methods.
      Correlations between the presence of IgG and/or IgM in saliva and other
      functional and objective clinical parameters and hsitological aspects of minor
      salivary glands are studied. In SS the prescence of IgG and/or IgM is in close
      relationship with "sialography index" which is the most reliable clinical
      investigation. These results point out that salivary immunoglobulins
      determinations constitute a simple and specific complementary test for SS
      diagnosis; they may allow the clinicians to observe the progress of the disease
      or to evaluate effectiveness of drugs.

PMID- 963191
TI  - Photon attenuation and energy absorption coefficients in various biological
      samples.

PMID- 963192
TI  - The histochemical localization of xanthine oxidase in the rat liver.

PMID- 963193
TI  - Auto-immunity in primary myelofibrosis.

PMID- 963194
TI  - Normal humoral immunity in hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 963195
TI  - An attempt of treatment of malignant melanoma with bovine pineal tissue.
AB  - Seven incurable patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were injected
      (subcutaneously, sometimes intravenously) with homogenate of bovine pineal
      tissue. The daily injections of large quantities of pineal tissue appeared to be
      harmless for patients. Many-fold injections (during 9.5 months) of large
      quantities of pineal tissue (up to 3950 g) in 1 of 7 cases produced certain
      effect on subcutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma, i.e. causing reduction
      and even disappearance.

PMID- 963196
TI  - Significance of dimers to the size of newly synthesized DNA in UV-irradiated
      Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - DNA synthesized after UV irradiation is smaller than that in unirradiated cells
      even when pulse-labeling times are increased to compensate for the overall
      reduction in the rate of DNA replication. By isolating newly replicated DNA,
      incubating it with dimer-specific endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus, and
      analyzing it on alkaline sucrose gradients, we have been able to demonstrate that
      this DNA is synthesized in segments corresponding in size to the interdimer
      distance on the parental strand. In addition, the same DNA analyzed on neutral
      gradients shows no reduction in molecular weight as a result of UV irradiation
      and/or endonuclease digestion. Our data are thus inconsistent with the presence
      of "gaps" in newly synthesized DNA opposite the dimers on the parental strand. We
      suggest that if such gaps are produced as a result of delayed synthesis around
      dimers, they are filled before the growing point reaches the next dimer.

PMID- 963197
TI  - Chemotropism indices for polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Trajectories of polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are responding to a chemical
      gradient are analyzed in order to deduce probability distributions of the angles
      between successive path segments. The turn angle probability distributions thus
      obtained are seen to be strongly dependent on the direction of locomotion prior
      to a turn, in that cells usually turn to maintain alignment along an axis
      directed towards the chemoattractant source. A mathematical model based on these
      observations is developed in order to understand the relationship between net
      chemotactic response and parameters characterizing stochastic movements of
      individual cells. In particular, the manner in which the chemotropism index
      depends on details of the turn-angle distributions is examined. When bias in the
      direction of turn is induced by a chemotactic field, transition from random
      motion to directed response occurs most abruptly if the turn-angle distribution
      is narrow. "Accommodation," viz., a dependence of the mean angle of turn upon
      prior orientation, is found to have relatively little effect on the magnitude of
      the response.

PMID- 963198
TI  - Effects of light adaptation on the purple membrane structure of Halobacterium
      halobium.
AB  - Absorption, circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion of the
      bacteriorhodopsin containing purple membrane form Halobacterium halobium were
      studied in regard to the structural stability of this membrane during the
      photoisomerization of the retinal of the bacteriorhodopsin from the 13-cis to the
      all-trans configuration. The following conclusions were reached: (a) the
      macromolecular structure (protein-protein interaction which may result in the
      possible exciton interaction of the retinal pi-pi* (NV1) transition moments and
      protein-lipid interaction) are not significantly altered, (b) possibilities of
      delocalized conformation changes of the apoprotein involving secondary and/or
      tertiary structure can be ruled out, (c) localized secondary structure
      conformation changes of the apoprotein must be limited to the involvement of no
      more than one or two amino acid residues and localized tertiary structure
      conformation changes of the apoprotein must be limited to a very short segment of
      the protein chain containing only a few aromatic amino acid residues, and (d) the
      interaction between the apoprotein and retinal seems to be relatively more
      pronounced when the retinal is in the all-trans form than the 13-cis from and
      also the apoprotein seems to impose a more pronounced dissymmetric constraint on
      the retinal in the all-trans form than in the 13-cis form.

PMID- 963199
TI  - Prediction of the conformation of the histones.
AB  - The secondary structures of the histones, H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 have been
      predicted utilizing the predictive scheme of Chou and Fasman (Biochemistry
      13:211, 222[1974]) and a new set of conformational parameters based on the X-ray
      data of 29 protein structures. The alpha-helical, beta-sheet, reverse beta-turns,
      and random coil regions of these proteins are carefully delineated. Structures
      are specified which are most probably under various environmental conditions,
      i.e., for changes in ionic strength, association between histones and in
      association with DNA. Potential conformational changes within these histones are
      also predicted.

PMID- 963200
TI  - On electron transfer.
AB  - The tunneling transfer of electrons between two sites, appropriate to biological
      intermolecular electron transfer, contains physical considerations which are not
      important in the tunneling transfer between two metals. Analyses (such as the
      recent one by Hales) based on the well-known formula for the latter but applied
      to the former case are quantitatively and qualitatively misleading.

PMID- 963201
TI  - Fragmentation of chromatin with 125I radioactive disintegrations.
AB  - The DNA in Chinese hamster cells was labeled first for 3 h with [3H]TdR and then
      for 3 h with [125I]UdR. Chromatin was extracted, frozen, and stored at -30
      degrees C until 1.0 X 10(17) and 1.25 X 10(17) disintegrations/g of labeled DNA
      occurred for 125I and 3H respectively. Velocity sedimentation of chromatin (DNA
      with associated chromosomal proteins) in neutral sucrose gradients indicated that
      the localized energy from the 125I disintegrations, which gave about 1 double
      strand break/disintegration plus an additional 1.3 single strand breaks,
      selectively fragmented the [125I] chromatin into pieces smaller than the [3H]
      chromatin. In other words, 125I disintegrations caused much more localized damage
      in the chromatin labeled with 125I than in the chromatin labeled with 3H, and
      fragments induced in DNA by 125I disintegrations were not held together by the
      associated chromosomal proteins. Use of this 125I technique for studying
      chromosomal proteins associated with different regions in the cellular DNA is
      discussed. For these studies, the number of disintegrations required for
      fragmenting DNA molecules of different sizes is illustrated.

PMID- 963202
TI  - Computer simulation of movement-generating cross-bridges.
AB  - A stochastic computational method was developed to study properties of cross
      bridge models for muscle contraction, by following the time history of individual
      cross-bridge model of Andrew Huxley (1957) and a modified two-state model with
      more realistic behavior during steady stretching are used as examples. The method
      can readily compute steady-state force during shortening and stretching and force
      transients following rapid changes in length. Computations of velocity with a
      steady load and of velocity transients are more sensitive to the randomness
      inherent in the stochastic method.

PMID- 963203
TI  - Computer simulation of flagellar movement. IV. Properties of an oscillatory two
      state cross-bridge model.
AB  - A stochastic computational method is used to examine the properties of a simple
      two-state cross-bridge model, of a type which has been shown previously to self
      oscillate without requiring any feedback control of the active process. The force
      transients obtained with this model show the major features observed with
      oscillatory insect fibrillar flight muscle. The effects of viscosity and cross
      bridge detachment rate on the frequency of oscillation of the model resemble the
      effects of viscosity and ATP concentration on flagellar oscillation, and the
      relationship between turnover rate and frequency of oscillation is also
      consistent with observations on flagella. However, the amplitude of oscillation
      of the model does not show the degree of frequency-independence which is typical
      of flagella.

PMID- 963204
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of skeletal muscle: anisotrophy of the
      diffusion coefficient of the intracellular water.
AB  - The anisotropy of the spin-diffusion coefficient Ds of water protons in skeletal
      muscle has been studied by pulsed NMR methods. The mid-portion of the tibialis
      anterior muscle of mature male rats was placed in a special sample holder by
      means of which the muscle fiber orientation theta relative to the diffusion
      direction could be varied over the range 0 degrees less than or equal to theta
      less than or equal to 90 degrees. The value of Ds(theta) was determined for theta
      = 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees. The measured anisotropy Ds(0)/Ds(90) was
      1.39, and the value of Ds(0) was 1.39 X 10(-5) cm2/s. These results are
      interpreted within the framework of a model calculation in which the diffusion
      equation is solved for a regular hexagonal network similar to the actin-myosin
      filament network. The large anisotropy, and the large reduction in the value of
      Ds measured parallel to the filament axes lead to two major conclusions: (a)
      interpretations in which the reduction in Ds is ascribed to the effect of
      geometrical obstructions on the diffusion of "free" water are ruled out; and, (b)
      there is a large fraction of the cellular water associated with the proteins in
      such a way that its diffusion coefficient is substantially reduced.

PMID- 963205
TI  - Relaxation phenomena in human erythrocyte suspensions.
AB  - Previous work has shown that the application of the Joule heating temperature
      jump technique of Eigen and de Maeyer to an istonic suspension of human
      erythrocytes induced an interiorization of [3H-A1glucose and a hemolysis of the
      red cells (Tsong, T.Y., and E. Kingsley, J. Biol. Chem. 250:786 [1975]). The
      result was interpreted as due to the thermal osmosis effect. Further
      considerations of the various effects of the Joule heating technique indicate
      that the hemolysis of the red cells may also be caused by the rapid dielectric
      perturbation of the cell membranes. By means of turbidity measurements of the
      suspensions we have detected at least four relaxation times. Two of the faster
      ones (tau1 approximately 20 mus and tau2 approximately 5 ms) are tentatively
      attributed to water relaxations in the membrane structures. The other two are
      attributed to membrane ruptures (tlag approximately 0.1s) and the hemolysis
      reaction (tau3 approximately 0.5 s). Studies with the erythrocytes from different
      hematological disorders indicate that whereas the two slower relaxations are
      sensitive to the overall physical property of the red cell membranes the two
      faster relaxations are not. These observations are consistent with the above
      assignment of the relaxation processes. The apparent activation energies are,
      above assignment of the relaxation processes. The apparent activation energies
      are, respectively, 8.4, 12.0, and 11.8 kcal/mol for the tau1, tau2, and tau3
      reactions. Experiments with erythrocyte ghosts indicate a single relaxation for
      the water permeation, and biphasic kinetics for the membrane rupture and
      resealing reactions. The phenomena reported here may contribute to our
      understanding of water transport and molecular release in cellular systems.

PMID- 963206
TI  - Models for 1/f noise in nerve membranes.
AB  - A recently proposed model for 1/f(w-1) noise in nerve membrane (Clay and
      Schlesinger, 1976; Lundstrom and McQueen, 1974) is shown to be mathematically
      inconsistent in several respects. A self-consistent model based on similar
      membranes lipid orientation fluctuation effects is proposed.

PMID- 963207
TI  - Branched bimolecular lipid membranes.
AB  - Branched bimolecular lipid membranes separating three and four aqueous phases
      have been formed. The procedure is based on the technique of Montal and Mueller
      generalized to three and four lipid surface films spanning an appropriate
      aperture. The technique to produce Teflon structures for the mechanical support
      of branched bilayers is presented. The existence of the branched bilayer was
      established by measuring the specific capacity, specific resistance, and the
      gramicidin-induced single channel conductance of each branch. These structures
      should facilitate the study of transport properties of ionophores and other
      molecules and may also serve as model systems for the study of cell fusion.

PMID- 963208
TI  - Laser light-scattering spectroscopy: a new application in the study of ciliary
      activity.
AB  - A uniquely precise and simple method to study ciliary activity by laser light
      scattering spectroscopy has been developed and validated. A concurrent study of
      the effect of Ca2+ on ciliary activity in vitro by laser scattering spectroscopy
      and high speed cinematography has demonstrated that this new method is simpler
      and as accurate and reproducible as the high speed film technique.

PMID- 963209
TI  - Exact solution of the unidimensional Poisson-Boltzmann equation for a 1:2 (2:1)
      electrolyte.
AB  - The unidimensional Poisson-Boltzmann equation for a 1:2 (2:1) electrolyte has
      been solved analytically. The results have been compared with those obtained from
      the linearized equation. It is shown that in physiological conditions the
      difference may be greater than 10%. The value of the derivative of the potential
      in x=0, (dpsi/dx)x=0, has been used by many authors in the evaluation of the
      superficial charges of biological membranes. The value of (dpsi/dx)x-0 have also
      been compared with the ones derived from the linearized equation. The difference
      may be greater than 25%. Our results suggest that the linearization of the
      Poisson-Boltzmann equation for a 1:2(2:1) electrolyte may be greatly misleading.

PMID- 963210
TI  - Activation-inactivation coupling in Myxicola giant axons injected with
      tetraethylammonium.
AB  - Myxicola giant axons internally injected with tetraethylammonium chloride to
      block potassium currents were examined under voltage clamp. The sodium
      inactivation time constants obtained from the decline in INa during step
      depolarizations were substantially smaller than those obtained using conditioning
      prepulses to the same potentials and the ratios agreed with previous observations
      using TTX. Inactivation shifts were also measured and found to be comparable to
      previous results.

PMID- 963211
TI  - The electrical resistivity of cytoplasm.
AB  - The apparent cytoplasmic resistivity of two different giant cells has been
      measured using an extension of a previously developed single microelectrode
      technique. Each cell is penetrated by a metal microelectrode whose complex
      impedance is measured as a function of frequency between 500 kHz and 5.7 MHz. By
      plotting the measured impedance data on the complex Z plane and extrapolating the
      data to infinite frequency, the substantial effects of electrode polarization can
      be overcome. For Aplysia giant neurons and muscle fibers of the giant barnacle,
      the extrapolated cytoplasmic specific resistivities are 40 and 74 omega-cm,
      respectively, at infinite frequency. The barnacle data are in excellent agreement
      with sarcoplasmic resistivity values derived from the measured cable properties
      of other marine organisms, and from high frequency conductivity cell measurements
      in intact barnacle muscle tissue. In the Aplysia neurons, the frequency-dependent
      part of the electrode impedance is larger when the electrode is in a cell than
      when it is in an electrolyte solution with the same specific resistivity as the
      aqueous cytoplasm; however, the phase angle of the frequency-dependent component
      of the electrode impedance is the same in both cases. This suggests that the high
      apparent values of cytoplasmic resistivity found using the single microelectrode
      technique at lower frequencies probably reflect an artifact caused by reduction
      of the effective surface area of the electrode by intracellular membranes, with a
      corresponding increase in its polarization impedance.

PMID- 963212
TI  - Volume of reaction by the Archibald ultracentrifuge method (lobster hemocyanin).
AB  - Samples of lobster hemocyanin (Homarus americanus) under conditions of reversible
      reaction between whole (25 S) and half (17 S) molecules have been subjected to
      accurately known nitrogen pressures in analytical ultracentrifuge cells. A
      modified pressurization chamber of the type developed by Schumaker and colleagues
      has been constructed for this purpose. The molecular weight was then determined
      at the top (liquid-gas) meniscus, by means of the Archibald method. The
      logarithmic dependence upon pressure of the derived equilibrium constant then
      gave directly the volume of reaction. Experiments were performed in veronal
      citrate buffers at pH 8, where the molar volume of formation of whole
      (dodecameric) molecules from half molecules appears to be negative, and at pH
      8.46 in veronal-citrate buffer in the presence of 0.003 molar free calcium ion,
      where the molar volume of formation was estimated to be + 390 cm3/mole. In
      glycine-sodium hydroxide buffer at pH 9.6 containing 0.0047 molar free calcium,
      the molar volume of formation of whole molecules was estimated to be +120 +/- 70
      cm3, corresponding to an estimated difference in partial specific volume between
      whole molecules and half molecules of only 1.3 (10)-4cm3/gram. The correctness of
      the sign of this value in glycine buffer has been verified by pressure-jump light
      scattering experiments.

PMID- 963213
TI  - Simulation studies of self-associating systems; discrimination between specific
      and isodesmic associations.
AB  - The possibilities of discriminating between definite and indefinite (isodesmic)
      modes of self-association are explored by fitting the different models to
      stimulated data, using non-linear least-squares curve-fitting to determine the
      fitting parameters for real and impostor models. It was found that over an
      extensive range of values for the equilibrium constant of a non-ideal isodesmic
      generating model, only a non-ideal monomer-dimer-tetramer-octamer was a
      successful impostor model. Some criteria for rejecting inappropriate models are
      discussed.

PMID- 963214
TI  - Sedimentation equilibrium techniques: multiple speed analyses and an overspeed
      procedure.
AB  - The use of a single high-speed sedimentation equilibrium experiment to analyze
      mixed associating systems is inadequate to determine the association mode even if
      the molecular weight of one species is known. Simultaneous analysis of the
      concentration distributions at three equilibrium speeds greatly reduces the lack
      of uniqueness. Linear least-squares multi-speed fits discriminate between
      association models in which the molecular weights are assumed. Experiments at a
      series of initial concentrations as well as rotor speeds further increases the
      discrimination. An overspeed procedure is proposed. The overspeed time depends
      only slightly on the sedimenting species molecular weight, but significantly on
      the frictional ratio. A minimal overspeed time may be estimated.

PMID- 963216
TI  - Inferring a molecular weight distribution, an ill-posed problem; and establishing
      the molecular weight scale using magnetic float techniques.

PMID- 963215
TI  - Improvement in precision of sedimentation-equilibrium experiments with an on-line
      absorption scanner.
AB  - An on-line computerized optical absorption scanner for the analytical
      ultracentrifuge has been developed and tested. It makes direct use of the
      instantaneous photomultiplier output, which is digitized and averaged by the
      computer. It incorporates a stepping motor to drive the photomultiplier, two
      analog-to-digital converters, and a device which monitors precessional movement
      of the rotor. The scanner has been employed chiefly in sedimentation equilibrium
      experiments, and techniques have been devised to correct for the adverse effects
      of inhomogeneities of apparent absorbance which arise from the cell windows.
      Correction for rotor movements which occur during the scan is also possible. The
      completed apparatus is a successful one, and provides a significant improvement
      in precision, speed and convenience over the commercially available scanners. The
      limitations on precision inherent in the present design are examined, and it is
      concluded that the combined effects of window inhomogeneities and rotor movement
      lead to uncertainty of the measured absorbance which is unlikely to be reduced
      below +/- 0.001 A.

PMID- 963217
TI  - Molecular weights and molecular-weight distributions from ultracentrifugation of
      nonideal solutions.
AB  - Ultracentrifugation, membrane osmometry and capillary viscometry experiments have
      been performed on two dextran samples, which have molecular-weight distributions
      (MWDs) similar to those of dextrans used as blood plasma extenders. The
      manufacturer reported values of Mn and MW, determined by end group analysis and
      by light scattering, respectively. Our values of Mn, determined by osmometry, and
      MW, calculated from ultracentrifugal and viscometry experiments, agreed quite
      well with the manufacturer's results. Good agreement was obtained with values of
      MW and BLS (the light scattering second virial coefficient) obtained from
      sedimentation equilibrium experiments at different speeds using sector or
      nonsector-shaped centerpieces. Several ways of obtaining MW, MZ and BLS from
      sedimentation equilibrium experiments are presented. We have also shown how to
      obtain the speed-dependent term of the sedimentation equilibrium second virial
      coefficient. Both BLS and the speed-dependent nonideal terms could be used to
      correct the sedimentation equilibrium data, so that ideal values of d in c/d(r2)
      or dc/d(r2) could be estimated and used to obtain the MWDs of the dextran
      samples. Both Donnelly's and Scholte's methods were used with the sedimentation
      equilibrium data. With both methods, unimodal MWDs were encountered, which gave
      good agreement with the manufacturer's MWDs, obtained by a combination of
      analytical gel chromatography and light scattering. Uncorrected sedimentation
      equilibrium data gave MWDs quite different from the manufacturer's results. The
      MWD calculated from the differential distribution of sedimentation coefficients
      also gave a unimodal MWD, but this MWD did not give a good agreement with the
      sedimentation equilibrium results or with the manufacturer's results.

PMID- 963218
TI  - Sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge and diffusion of macromolecules carrying
      electrical charges.
AB  - The calculation of Alexandrowicz and Daniel of the charge effect in the
      sedimentation of macromolecules carrying electrical charges was reformulated by
      introducing buoyant molecular weights and concentrations of electroneutral
      components only (rather than those of the ionized species) in the final
      equations. Some interesting limiting cases are discussed. A similar calculation
      was performed for the case of isothermal diffusion. It is also shown how the
      present discussion relates to more elaborate treatments of the sedimentation and
      diffusion of polyelectrolytes by the methods of irreversible thermodynamics.

PMID- 963219
TI  - Numerical study of the Johnston-Ogston effect in two-component systems.
AB  - Numerical solutions of the Lamm equation are presented for systems exhibiting the
      Johnston--Ogston effect. From these solutions it is apparent that the movement of
      the maxima of the concentration gradient curves reflects the sedimentation
      velocity of the slow or fast components in their appropriate plateaus. A simple
      generalization of the Johnston--Ogston analysis is presented, valid for all
      centrifugation times in a radial field and sector shaped cell provided only that
      there exist both a plateau of the slow component by itself and the mixed plateau
      with both slow and fast components present.

PMID- 963220
TI  - Anomalies in sedimentation. V. Chains at high fields, practical consequences.
AB  - The theory of a preceding paper [B.H. Zimm, Biophys, Chem. 1 (1974) 279] is used
      to calculate a numerical table for the change of sedimentation coefficient with
      centrifugal field for chain molecules. A simple formula is found to fit the
      results within 1.3% up to the centrifugal field at which S/So = 0.377; this
      formula is S/So=(1+0.1155y2)-1/4, where y is proportional to M2/So times the
      centripetal acceleration, M being the molecular weight and So the sedimentation
      coefficient at zero acceleration. Applying this formula to DNA, we conclude that
      at a given centrifuge speed the sedimentation coefficient must reach a maximum at
      a particular molecular weight and be smaller at higher molecular weights. The
      value of the maximum depends on the conditions, but can come at less than 150 S
      for DNA under typical conditions. When a maximum is present, the profile of a
      sedimenting non-homogeneous band is also severely distorted.

PMID- 963221
TI  - UV laser scanning and fluorescence monitoring of analytical ultracentrifugation
      with an on-line computer system.
AB  - A new optical system for the analytical ultracentrifuge is described, which
      permits sedimentation to be monitored by fluorescence. The optical system is
      based on a laser light source, which is focused to a narrow (50 micron) beam. The
      radical scanning of the beam provides information on the distribution of
      fluorescing material with distance in the centrifuge cell. Data collection and
      processing are performed in conjunction with an on-line computer system which
      sorts incoming fluorescence pulses according to rotor hole and cell sector,
      averages families of pulses to improve signal to noise ratios and fits the data
      (in the experiments reported here) to equations to determine sedimentation
      coefficients. Initial experiments with the system have been performed with bovine
      serum albumin and indicate that sedimentation can be readily monitored by
      fluorescence with solutions at concentrations as low as 20 micrograms per ml,
      with excitation at 257 nm. At these concentrations, the optical density is only
      in the 0.01 range, too low for experiments with absorption-scanner optical
      system. Even lower concentrations can be used when fluorescent labels are used
      with excitation in the visible region of the spectrum. The preliminary studies
      indicate that fluorescence monitoring of sedimentation will substantially enhance
      the range of experimental possibilities in ultracentrifugation by improving both
      the sensitivity of measurements and the discrimination between sedimenting
      species on the basis of their fluorescence characteristics.

PMID- 963222
TI  - Collecting and processing records from the ultracentrifuge in "real-time" using
      an on-line computer.
AB  - An analytical system consisting of an analytical cantrifuge coupled 'on-line' to
      a computer was assembled and tested. Collection of records from up to 9 solutions
      was achieved through programmes which sum readings to reduce noise as well as
      controlling the positioning of the scanner. With this system it was found that
      the limit on accuracy for molecular weights at concentrations less than 0.01 g cm
      3 was +/- 3% estimated from sedimentation equilibrium experiments. The same
      system was used to collect records for similar concentrations from velocity
      experiments by employing a scanning schlieren. In this case the accuracy in
      estimating sedimentation coefficients was similar to those found when measuring
      photographs. Since the collection yields detailed information about the shape of
      the sedimenting boundary, the centroids of the boundary were routinely computed
      by second moment analysis rather than relying on the position of the maximum of
      the schlieren peak. In the same analysis estimates of diffusion coefficients were
      made routinely by calculating corrected height/area ratios for each scan. These
      calculations were made during the real-time of the experiment, so making
      available molecular parameters rather than records which must be evaluated some
      time after stopping the experiment.

PMID- 963223
TI  - A television scanner for the ultracentrifuge. II. Multiple cell operation.
AB  - The "Optical Multichannel Analyzer" (OMA) is a commercially available instrument
      that with the absorption optical system of the ultracentrifuge, provides an
      entire 500 channel intensity profile of a cell in real time. With its own analog
      todigital converter, the OMA integrates a selectable number of 32.8 msec scans to
      provide a time-averaged image in digital form. This paper describes an interface
      controller for operation of the OMA with single- and double-sector cells in multi
      cell rotors, simulating double-beam measurement required for absorbance
      determinations. The desired sector is selected by "gating" the intensifier stage
      of a "Silicon Intensified Target" vidicon (SIT) used as the light detector. The
      cell location in the rotor and the position of the gate relative to the cell
      centerline is obtained from a phase-locked loop circuit which divides each
      rotation of the rotor into 3600 parts independent of rotor speed. (This circuit
      employed with photo-multiplier scanners would select the gate position for
      integration of photomultiplier pulses.) From examination of appropriate signals
      with an oscilloscope, it was verified that gate positions and widths are located
      with an accuracy of 0.1degree or better and with a precision of +/- 0.1 mus. The
      light intensity profile for any desired cell can be examined in "real time", even
      during acceleration of the rotor. Additional circuits employing a 10 MHz crystal
      clock 1) control the automatic collection of data for all sectors in multicell
      rotors at digitally selected time intervals, 2) display the rotor speed, and 3)
      indicate the elapsed time of the experiment. Constructed but not tested are
      additional circuits for pulsing a laser into the absorption or Rayleigh optical
      system. The accuracy of the pulsed SIT has been demonstrated by measurement of
      absorbances of solutions and also by sedimentation equilibrium experiments with
      myoglobin. The estimated error is 0.003 for absorbances ranging from 0 to 1. The
      interface-controller operates extremely well, but problems related to the pulsed
      SIT (optimum gate position relative to the sector opening shape of high-voltage
      pulse, slight pincushion distortion) require more work.

PMID- 963224
TI  - MaD, an automated precise analytical ultracentrifuge scanner system.
AB  - The various hardware components of this scanning system, a mechanical split-beam
      scanner with its photomultiplier measuring slit, minimum analog electronics and
      an important digital part (computer, interface), are intimately interwoven by an
      elaborate software. A high degree of automation and sophistication is thus
      reached. On the one hand, all the photoelectrons coming from each light pulse are
      integrated. The result, after conversion to digital form enters the computer; a
      high precision is thus reached: 10(-5) absorbance unit (A.U.) under very
      favorable conditions, and 10(-4) A.U. for conventional sedimentation studies. On
      the other hand, during its motion along the image, the precise slit position is
      permanently known by the system: the sector image is thus segmented into
      precisely defined zones, inside which the average absorbancies are determined,
      punched, plotted and printed. New and very useful utilizations and improvements
      of analytical ultracentrifugation are now possible: the fixed radius mode,
      permits precise s determination by following the radial dilution; s can be
      precisely measured by time difference curves even when the solution absorbancy is
      comparable to the base line variations (0.01 A.U.); round trip analyses permit
      very long analyses without the absorbancies distributions distorsions due to very
      long one-way scans during sedimentations runs; reductions of the effect of the
      stray light by a factor of ten. This system has been in routine use for four
      years.

PMID- 963225
TI  - Some general aspects regarding the interpretation of binding data by means of a
      Scratchard plot.
AB  - The question is quantitatively examined which general information can be obtained
      from experimental data of ligand binding to macromolecules if represented by a
      Scatchard plot. In particular, the curvature as well as the intercepts and slopes
      at both coordinate axes are analyzed assuming rather general conditions including
      cooperative behavior (with applications to some simplified cases of interest in
      practice). The results should provide a basis for attempts to elucidate the
      binding mechanism of a system encountered in experimental work.

PMID- 963226
TI  - Studies on the origin of the tip potential of glass microelectrode.
AB  - 1. Tip potential (TP) of glass microelectrodes filled with 3 M KCl increased
      remarkably with the increase in the storage period in 3 M KCl solution at 37
      degrees C, while the electrode resistances decreased gradually. 2. The electrical
      conductivity through the thin glass wall near the tip was found to increase in
      parallel with the TP increase. 3. The e.m.f. across the thin glass wall in the
      tip region was directly measured. This seems to contribute to the TP generation
      of the microelectrode when the conductivity of the glass wall is significantly
      high in the tip region. 4. Effects of the acid treatment of glass employed and
      the acidification of fillant electrolyte solution suggested that fixed negative
      charges on the glass wall play a fundamental role in the TP formation. 5. Based
      on these experimental results, it was concluded that not only the diffusion
      potential through the tip pore but also the interfacial potential through the
      thin glass wall near the tip contributes to the TP generation, and the
      contribution of the latter increases with a long exposure period of the
      electrodes to electrolyte solution. 6. In this connection, technical problems
      related to reduction of the tip potential were also discussed.

PMID- 963227
TI  - Subunit symmetry of tetrameric phosphorylase a.
AB  - Native crystallographic data of tetrameric phosphorylase a crystals, space group
      P21, have been collected photographically to 3 A resolution. These data have been
      used in Patterson search methods in reciprocal and real space. The tetramers were
      found to exhibit molecular 222 symmetry. The cross vector between the centres of
      the two symmetry related tetramers in the unit cell was determined by two
      different translation function methods. On the basis of these rotation and
      translation function results a model for the arrangement of monomers within the
      tetramer and of tetramers in the unit cell is proposed; The 222 symmetry of the
      tetrameric molecule is found only when high resolution diffraction data are
      included (i.e. higher than 6 A). At lower resolution other symmetries dominate.
      Calculations with the proposed model have shown that these spurious symmetries
      result from the nonspecific overlap of protein-protein and solvent-solvent cross
      vectors. These results emphasize the importance of high resolution data when
      noncrystallographic symmetry of globular proteins is studied.

PMID- 963228
TI  - Measurements on fast light-induced light-scattering and -absorption changes in
      outer segments of vertebrate light sensitive rod cells.
AB  - Flash-induced changes of light-absorption and of light-scattering of vertebrate
      rod outer segments (ROS) from frog and cattle in suspension were measured at 380
      and 800 nm. The photometer used allows the observation of light intensity changes
      under well defined angles. We studied the successive decrease of the signal
      amplitude in series of flashes. One flash bleaches about 1% rhodopsin. The
      following results are discussed: 1. The signal at 380 nm is a superposition of
      the absorption change caused by formation of metarhodopsin II and of a biphasic
      additional signal. The latter exists only for the initial range of bleaching (15
      to 25% rhodopsin). 2. At 800 nm three scattering signals are observed which are
      characterized by their successive amplitude decrease and time course: N: A small
      signal with time course and successive amplitude decrease comparable to the
      metarhodopsin II absorption change, probably arising from a structural change
      within the disc membrane. Ni: A slow signal, disappearing with the first flash,
      which may be understood as an outer membrane effect. P: A biphasic signal with a
      successive decrease rate, by a factor of 10 to 20 higher than that of the
      metarhodopsin II signal. The two kinetically different components are separated
      by variation of the observation angle. Two regions of different extension appear
      to change structurally with different time course. "P" may reflect an influence
      of the light-induced transmitter release on disc shape and/or mass.

PMID- 963229
TI  - Evidence for chromophore-chromophore interactions in the purple membrane from
      reconstitution experiments of the chromophore-free membrane.
AB  - We recently presented evidence showing that the visible CD spectrum of the purple
      membrane from Halobacterium halobium consists of two contributions: a broad
      positive band centered at the absorption maximum due to the interaction of the
      chromophore with the protein to which it is bound, and an exciton coupling band
      due to the interaction between chromophores of adjacent bacteriohodopsin
      molecules in the hexagonal surface lattice (Heyn et al., 1975); This
      interpretation receives strong support from the present experiments in which the
      chromophore-free membrane is reconstituted by the addition of retinal. Since the
      coupling signal arises from the interaction between pairs of neighboring
      chromophores, its contribution to the spectrum would be expected to be very small
      in the initial stages of the titration experiment, but increasing quadratically
      with the percentage reconstitution. The broad positive band, on the other hand,
      is expected to increase linearly with the percentage reconstitution. On the basis
      of these considerations a satisfactory explanation of the CD reconstitution
      experiments could be given. Since it appears to be impossible to explain the
      titration experiments without the quadratic term, we conclude that chromophore
      chromophore interactions play an important role. No significant changes in
      secondary structure upon reconstitution should be detected consistent with our
      binding model which neglects cooperativity;

PMID- 963230
TI  - Some similarities between processes at biological membranes and lipid bilayers.
AB  - Several processes at biological membranes can be simulated by experiments with
      artificial lipid bilayer membranes. Three selected examples are discussed: The
      uncoupler induced proton permeability of lipid bilayers, the initiation of action
      potential like voltage responses in lipid membranes, and the reconstitution of
      active cation pumps across planar lipid bilayers or lipid vesicles.

PMID- 963231
TI  - Investigation of the relation between structure and function in myelinated nerve
      fibres with be aid of ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - Ultraviolet radiation induces two photochemical alterations relevant to
      excitability in the nodal membranes: A selective blocking of the sodium
      permeability and a potential translation of the voltage dependent kinetic
      parameters of sodium inactivation and activation along the potential axis in the
      negative direction. The underlying processes are two different photoreactions,
      since 1) the action spectrum of the blocking effect shows a marked peak near 280
      nm and rapidly decreasing sensitivity towards higher and lower wavelengths, while
      the action spectrum of the potential shift increase with lower wavelengths; 2)
      the blocking effect is enhanced by a more positive holding potential, while the
      potential shift is decreased; 3) the potential shift can be prevented intraaxonal
      application of l-cysteine or 2-mercaptoethanol, but the blocking effect is not
      affected.

PMID- 963232
TI  - The structure of two alanine containing ferrichromes: sequence determination by
      proton magnetic resonance.
AB  - Metal coordination confers an extraordinary structural stability to the
      ferrichromes which, independent of their variable amino acid composition, results
      in a basically unperturbed conformation for all the homologous peptides in the
      series. The proton magnetic resonance (pmr) characteristics for Al3+ analogues
      (alumichromes) reflect this conformational isomorphism in usual solvents so that
      single site substitutions are clearly recognized in the pmr spectra. Thus, the
      substitution of glycine by L-alanine or L-serine introduce new resonances
      characteristic of the sidechains and alter the pattern of the amide NH pmr region
      in that doublets substitute for glycyl triplets at the same site. Since for
      glycine- and L-serine containing alumichromes the resonances have already been
      identified, it is possible to unequivocally establish the primary structure of
      the two L-alanyl homologues ferrichrome C (see article) and sake colorant A (see
      article) on the basis of the comparative pmr spectra of their Al3+ analogues,
      namely, alumichrome C and alumisake. The resonance assignment, and hence the site
      occupancy, is substantiated by the temperature coefficients of the NH chemical
      shifts, rates of 1H-2H exchange and homonuclear proton spin decoupling
      experiments centered on the NH spectral region. Occupancy of site 1 by a glycine
      residue is observed for all known ferrichromes, which serves to conserve a
      "hairpin" turn. This method of obtaining sequence information should prove of
      general use for other systems of homologous polypeptides, provided their
      conformations are not affected by the residue substitutions.

PMID- 963233
TI  - Optical and electrical studies on dansyllysine-valinomycin in thin lipid
      membranes.
AB  - Dansyllysine-valinomycin, a fluorescent analogue of the ionophore valinomycin was
      synthesized and incorporated into black lipid membranes. Its concentration inside
      the membrane was measured fluorometrically and was also determined from
      electrical relaxation experiments, which were analyzed on the basis of a
      previously proposed carrier model. The results of both methods agreed within less
      than one order of magnitude. This appears satisfactory in view of the sources of
      error inherent in both procedures. A conductance increment per carrier molecule
      of about 3 - 10(-17) omega-1 was obtained for dansyllysine-valinomycin in
      diphytanoyllecithin membranes at 25 degrees C and 1 M RbCl in the aqueous phases.
      This is about 400 times smaller compared to unmodified valinomycin in monoolein
      membranes. The difference is mainly caused by the change in the membrane
      properties and to a smaller extent by the structural modification of the carrier.

PMID- 963234
TI  - The effect of temperature on canine papillary muscle.
AB  - Measurements of the total duration, tA, of the action potential for canine
      papillary muscle in the temperature range 25-45 degrees C are shown to follow the
      law ta = tau exp (Q/kBT), with tau and the activation energy Q independent of
      temperature, T, and kB equal to Boltzmann's constant. The value obtained for Q =
      0.65 +/- 0.10 eV. Results are also presented for the temperature dependence of
      points V(x) on the action potential curve, where x is the percentage of
      repolarisation within the range 30% less than x less than 100%.

PMID- 963235
TI  - Cooperative disordering of single-stranded polynucleotides through copper
      crosslinking.

PMID- 963236
TI  - Threshold effects observed in conformation changes induced by electric fields.

PMID- 963237
TI  - Hydrogen-deuterium exchange of the tryptophan residues in bovine alpha
      lactalbumin.

PMID- 963238
TI  - Influence of ribose 2'-O-methylation on GpC conformation by classical potential
      energy calculations.

PMID- 963239
TI  - Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. The correlation between clotting kinetics and
      morphology of fibrin polymerized in different solvent media.

PMID- 963240
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of an ionizable polyhexapeptide collagen model.

PMID- 963241
TI  - The X-Pro peptide bond as an nmr probe for conformational studies of flexible
      linear peptides.

PMID- 963242
TI  - Nmr studies of the molecular conformations in the linear oligopeptides H-(L-Ala)n
      L-Pro-OH.

PMID- 963243
TI  - An electrostatic model for collagen fibrils. The interaction of reconstituted
      collagen with Ca++, Na+, and Cl-.

PMID- 963244
TI  - Evidence for long-range interactions in DNA. Analysis of melting curves of block
      polymers d(C15A15)-d(T15G15),d(C20A15)-d(T15G20), and d(T15G20).

PMID- 963245
TI  - Geometry of DNA-dye intercalation complexes from the study of linear dichroic
      spectra of stretched films.

PMID- 963246
TI  - Reconstitution of collagen-fold structure with stretching of gelatin film.

PMID- 963247
TI  - Vibrational spectrum of the unordered polypeptide chain: a Raman study of feather
      keratin.

PMID- 963248
TI  - Studies on cyclic peptides. IV. Conformation of cyclo(Sar-Sar-Gly)2, cyclo(Sar)6,
      and cyclo(Sar-Gly-Gly)2 and their conformational change induced by alkali
      thiocyanates.

PMID- 963249
TI  - Effect of concentration on the aggregation of poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) in
      dioxane: critical concentration and maximum length for linear head to tail
      aggregates.

PMID- 963250
TI  - The optical birefringence of DNA solutions induced by oscillatory electric and
      hydrodynamic fields.

PMID- 963251
TI  - Binding of water and electrolytes to proteins. An equilibrium dialysis study.

PMID- 963252
TI  - Racemization in the synthesis of sequential polypeptides using N
      hydroxysuccinimide esters.

PMID- 963253
TI  - The effects of isolated N-methylated residues on the conformational
      characteristics of polypeptides.

PMID- 963254
TI  - Excited electronic states of the ethidium cation.

PMID- 963255
TI  - Electric field-induced conformational changes of polyp(L-lysine) studied by
      transient electric birefringence.

PMID- 963256
TI  - Influence of D and L amino-acid residues on the conformation of peptides in
      solution: A carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of cyclo(prolyl-leucyl).

PMID- 963257
TI  - N-acetylchitosan gel: a polyhydrate of chitin.

PMID- 963258
TI  - Induced circular dichroism of acridine orange bound to double-stranded RNA and
      transfer RNA.

PMID- 963259
TI  - Studies of peptide conformation: backbone folding of tetrapeptide derivatives in
      methanol and water.

PMID- 963260
TI  - Dinucleoside monophosphates. II. Nearest neighbor interactions.

PMID- 963261
TI  - Synthesis of sequential oligopeptides and polypeptides having the sequence of L
      alanyl-L-leucylglycine.

PMID- 963262
TI  - An easy method for retrieving atomic coordinates from CPK space-filling molecular
      models.

PMID- 963263
TI  - Letter: Comparison of different theoretical descriptions of helix-coli transition
      in DNA.

PMID- 963264
TI  - Letter: Method for measurement of charge in collagen and polyelectrolyte
      composite materials.

PMID- 963265
TI  - The dependence of the swelling of elastin on elongation, and its importance in
      fluorescene probe analysis.

PMID- 963266
TI  - Letter: Viscosity/molecular-weight relationship of poly(alpha-L-glutamic acid) in
      water and in water/dioxane mixtures.

PMID- 963267
TI  - Conformation of poly(DL-valine) obtained by the polymerization of the N-carboxy
      anhydride.

PMID- 963268
TI  - A procedure for the facile synthesis of amino-acid N-carboxyanhydrides.

PMID- 963269
TI  - Time-dependent Hartree calculations of nucleic acid hypochromism.

PMID- 963270
TI  - Circular dichroism and structure of the complex of acridine orange with polyp(L
      glutamic acid).

PMID- 963271
TI  - Applications of computerized pattern recognition: a survey of correlations
      between pharmacological activities and mass spectra.
AB  - Correlations between mass spectra and pharmacological activities were surveyed by
      means of computerized learning machine and cluster analysis. The principal
      component analysis and the nonlinear mapping techniques were used for the feature
      selection of the data set.

PMID- 963272
TI  - Mass spectral study of derivatives of the four bilirubin-IX isomers.
AB  - The beta, gamma and delta isomers of bilirubin-IX show a decreased stability as
      compared with the IXalpha isomer; characteristic mass spectra are obtained only
      for the tetrakis-(trimethylsilyl) derivatives of the IXalpha and IXgamma isomers.
      Hydrogenation of the vinyl substituents increases the thermal stability of the
      bilirubins and gives rise to a characteristic mass spectrum for the tetrakis
      (trimethylsilyl) derivative of meso-bilirubin-IXdelta. The ethyl anthranilate
      azopigments derived from the four bilirubins yield characteristic mass spectra,
      except for the two unstable divinyl substituted azodipyrroles (mol. wt. 416),
      derived from bilirubin-IXbeta and IXdelta. The corresponding mol. wt. 420
      azopigments derived from the hydrogenated bilirubins are thermally stable.
      Elucidation of mass spectral fragmentation pathways is facilitated by the varying
      positions of the substituents and by deuterium labelling, and permits the
      assignment of structures to the various isomeric azodipyrroles.

PMID- 963273
TI  - Trimethylsilyl group migration during electron impact and chemical ionization
      mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl ethers of 20-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-3
      ones and 20-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-ones.
AB  - The electron impact and chemical ionization (isobutane) mass spectra of the TMS
      derivatives of 20-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-3-ones and 20-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-ones
      include ions [M--44]+-attributable to loss of a CH3CHO fragment from C-17 with
      migration of the TMS group to the charge-retaining fragment. Mass spectra of
      isotopically labelled ([3-18O], [20-18O] and [2H9-TMS]) analogues are consistent
      with this mechanism; [2H9-TMS] labelling further indicates that subsequent loss
      of a methyl group from [M--44]+-ions does not involve the TMS group.
      Corresponding ions are not observed at significant abundance in the spectra of
      20beta-trimethylsilyloxy-5alpha-pregnane and 20beta-trimethylsilyloxy-4-pregnen-3
      one 3-O-methyloxime. In the electron impact mass spectrum of the t
      butyldimethylsilyl ether of 20beta-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, an ion is observed
      corresponding to loss of 44 atomic mass units from the intense [M--C4H9]+ ion.

PMID- 963274
TI  - Mass spectrometry of N-acylated daunorubicin derivatives.
AB  - The mass spectra of peracetylated daunorubicin, N-octanoyl-, N-dodecanoyl- and N
      (N'-dodecanoyl-glycyl)daunorubicin, and perdeuteroacetylated N
      dodecanoyldaunorubicin were analyzed. Major fragmentation pathways were suggested
      and ion compositions were determined by high resolution measurements.

PMID- 963275
TI  - Field desorption mass spectrometry of phospholipids. II--Fragmentation of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline from comparison of d0, d4 and d9 species.
AB  - Field desorption mass spectra have been obtained for dipalmitoylphosphatidyl
      choline-d0, -d4 and -d9. The two latter compounds were synthesized from
      dimethylene-d4 choline bromide and trimethyl-d9 choline bromide, respectively.
      Comparison was made of spectra of these three compounds obtained at different
      field anode temperatures in order to establish the composition of the major
      cleavage, rearrangement, and association ions. At low anode heating currents
      (less than or equal to 20 mA) the most intense peak is [M + 1]+ which accounts
      for c. one-third of the total ionization. At higher temperatures various
      fragmentation processes, some of which are without analogy in electron impact
      mass spectrometry, become more important. The presence of an intermolecular
      methyl transfer process had been confirmed.

PMID- 963276
TI  - Electron impact-induced reactions of N6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine and related
      cytokinins.
AB  - Fragmentation reactions of the biologically important N6-(3-methyl-2
      butenyl)adenyl moiety have been re-examined with the aid of systematic deuterium
      labeling in the sidechain and by examination of the 1- and 7-deazanucleoside
      analogs. It is concluded that the diagnostic reactions which involve expulsion of
      C3H7 proceed predominantly by ring closure from the sidechain double bond to N-1
      (ion a). Base-containing ions m/e 135 and 148 were confirmed to arise mainly by
      rearrangement of hydrogen from the methyl terminus to N6 and simple cleavage,
      respectively, but with significant contribution from other pathways involving
      transfer of sidechain hydrogens to the base.

PMID- 963277
TI  - Quantitative determination of salbutamol in plasma, as either its trimethylsilyl
      or t-butyldimethylsilyl ether, using a stable isotope multiple ion recording
      technique.
AB  - Two methods are described for the determination of salbutamol in human plasma.
      The drug is extracted from the plasma as a salbutamol tetraphenylboron ion pair
      and determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Trideuterio-salbutamol is
      used as an internal standard. In the first method an extensive purification
      procedure is used to separate salbutamol from plasma cholesterol which interferes
      in the assay. Salbutamol is then determined as its TMS-ether using a multiple ion
      recording technique to measure the intensity of the fragment ion m/e 369 and the
      ion m/e 372 from the TMS ether of trideuterio-salbutamol. The second method is
      based on the ion pair extraction of salbutamol into heptan-3-one and its
      determination by gas chromatography mass spectrometry as the t-butyldimethylsilyl
      ether. The base peak in the mass spectrum of the t-butyldimethylsilyl-salbutamol
      is an ion of m/e 495, which is of sufficiently high mass to distinguish it from
      any of the ions which arise from t butyldimethylsilyl-cholesterol. Six replicate
      analyses of plasma samples containing 1 ng salbutamol ml-1 were carried out using
      both methods. When the first method was used the mean value obtained was 1.3 ng
      ml-1 and the coefficient of variation was 17.7%. When the second method was used
      the mean value obtained was 0.95 ng ml-1 and the coefficient of variation was
      10%. The second method is more rapid and therefore preferable for use in clinical
      pharmacological studies. This method has been used to determine the plasma
      salbutamol concentrations at varying times after either a 4 mg oral or a 200 mug
      intravenous dose of salbutamol to man.

PMID- 963278
TI  - The use of N-succinyl derivatives in the study of amino acids and peptides by
      mass spectrometry.
AB  - The terminal amino group of amino acids and peptides is blocked as the N-succinyl
      derivative by reaction with succinic anhydride. The product is then converted to
      the N,O-permethyl derivative in order to increase its volatility for use in mass
      spectrometry. The permethylated N-succinyl derivative retains the advantages of
      the permethylated N-acetyl derivative in regard to ease of preparation on a small
      scale, volatility and the presence of characteristic fragmentation patterns in
      their mass spectra. However, peaks in the high mass region are more abundant due
      to loss of CH3O-from the N-succinyl carbomethoxyl group as well as from the C
      terminal carbomethoxyl group. Ions characteristic of the sequence and of
      individual amino acids are observed, and molecular weight can be determined from
      the relatively abundant ion at [M--CH3O]+ and from the weak molecular ion.

PMID- 963279
TI  - Identification of N-nitrosodimethylamine in ambient air by capillary gas-liquid
      chromatography mass spectrometry computer.
AB  - Organic vapors in ambient air, at or near an industrial site in Baltimore,
      Maryland, were collected by adsorption on a sorbent of porous polymer (Tenax GC,
      35/60). The pollutants were recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed by gas
      liquid chromatography mass spectrometry computer using capillary glass SCOT
      columns. N-Nitrosodimethylamine was identified from its mass spectrum as a
      constituent of the atmosphere in the areas sampled. The identification of this
      compound was confirmed by comparison of its mass spectrum with that of authentic
      N-nitrosodimethylamine; identical retention times of unknown and authentic
      compound on three different capillary columns were observed.

PMID- 963280
TI  - Use of a tapered fluidized bed as a continuous bioreactor.
AB  - Reactor systems based on tapered fluidized beds are being developed for aqueous
      bioprocesses in which adhering microorganisms or immobilized active biological
      fractions are used. The use of a fluidized bed prevents biomass buildup,
      accommodates particulates in the feed stream, is compatible with gas sparging,
      and allows easy removal or addition of the active materials. The tapered reactor
      tends to stabilize the fluidized bed, thus allowing a much wider range of
      operating conditions. Preliminary experimental results and an empirical
      mathematical model of the tapered bed indicate that bed stability is associated
      with a decreasing velocity and void-fraction profile up the bed and the pressure
      drop across the bed decreases with increasing flow rates. The tapered fluidized
      bed bioreactor is being evaluated for use in the enzymatic production of
      hydrogen, microbiological denitrification, and microbiological degradation of
      coal conversion aqueous waste streams. The enzyme catalyzed conversion of lactose
      to glucose and galactose was used in the evaluation of the reactor concept.

PMID- 963281
TI  - Automatic membrane-filtration system for the "on-demand" supply of large volumes
      of sterile medium in continuous culture.
AB  - The construction and use of an automated membrane filtration system is described
      which produces 300 liters per day of sterile medium over at least four months of
      continuous fermentation. The capacity of the system is limited only by choice of
      filter type and has applications in continuous pilot plant work or medium-scale
      batch fermentation, in the bulk supply of communally used laboratory medium, in
      supplying banks of small-scale continuous fermentors, and for remote control of
      medium supply in hazardous fermentations (e.g., methane) with great savings in
      time and materials. Only two sterile storage jars are needed, irrespective of the
      total demand for the medium.

PMID- 963282
TI  - Hydrolysis of starch by a mixture of enzymes in a membrane reactor.

PMID- 963283
TI  - Formulation of structured growth models.

PMID- 963284
TI  - High performance enzyme reactors.

PMID- 963285
TI  - A feed model for a nongrowth associated fermentation.

PMID- 963286
TI  - Aerobic microbial growth in semisolid matrices: heat and mass transfer
      limitation.
AB  - A conceptual model of aerobic microbial growth in semisolid matrices were
      developed as a first step in the prediction of the rate of breakdown in semisolid
      cellulosic material. The conceptual model was described by a series of equations
      simplified by the assumption of steady-state microbial activity, and heat and
      mass transfer limitation. Temperature and oxygen distribution in compost piles
      were measured experimentally at the Butler County Mushroom Farm, Butler County,
      Pennsylvania, to test the validity of these assumptions. The compost piles
      consisted of ground corn husks, straw, and race horse manure. The data fit with
      the model was excellent with deviation between model predictions (as solved by an
      anglog computer) and actual temperature measurements never exceeding 3 degrees C.
      The effects of compost pile geometry, external temperature, compost density,
      external oxygen concentration, and insulation at the bottom of the pile were then
      predicted using a digital computer to solve the model. The predicitions show that
      the maximum breakdown rate occurs for an optimum height (which depends upon the
      system), insulating the base increases the breakdown rate, increasing the
      external temperature increases the initial breakdown rate but decreases the
      pseudo-steady-state breakdown rate and the uniformity and any increase in the
      external oxygen concentration increases the breakdown rate but decreases the
      uniformity.

PMID- 963287
TI  - Utilization of cellulosic materials through enzymatic hydrolysis. II. Preliminary
      assessment of an integrated processing scheme.
AB  - An integrated processing scheme is described for the conversion of a celluosic
      waste (newsprint) to sugrsa by enzymatic hydrolysis and then to ethanol and yeast
      by fermentation. The unconverted solids are burned to produce process energy
      requirements and surplus electrical power. Preliminary designs and cost studies
      are developed to provide a rough perspective on the potential economic
      feasibility of this method of cellulose utilization.

PMID- 963288
TI  - Stabilization of catalase by covalent attachment to dextran.

PMID- 963289
TI  - Preparation and characterization of hexokinase covalently bound to controlled
      porosity glass.

PMID- 963290
TI  - A clinical study of the lupus anticoagulant.
AB  - Eighty-three patients with circulating anticoagulants were studied at The New
      York Hospital. The lupus-type anticoagulant, an inhibitor of the prothrombin
      activator complex, was demonstrated in 58 patients. The inhibitor was identified
      using the blood and tissue thromboplastin inhibition tests. Inhibition by the
      lupus anticoagulant was augmented in 67% of these patients by a cofactor present
      in normal plasma. The lupus inhibitor was detected primarily because of an
      unsuspected abnormal coagulation test. One-half of the patients with the lupus
      type anticoagulant did not have systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 963291
TI  - Acquired storage pool disease in platelets during disseminated intravascular
      coagulation.
AB  - A patient with clinical and laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation associated with deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism developed
      a qualitative platelet abnormality characterized by a defective release reaction.
      Second-phase aggregation induced by ADP and adrenaline was impaired, and reduced
      collagen-induced aggregation was accompanied by defective release of ADP and ATP.
      The decrease in total platelet ATP and ADP, the high ATP:ADP ratio in the
      presence of normal amounts of metabolic adenine nucleotides, and the low content
      of serotonin associated with abnormal uptake and metabolism of the exogenous
      amine suggested that the defective platelet function was due to lack of the
      platelet organelles in which serotonin and nonmetabolic adenine nucleotides are
      normally stored. Acquired storage pool disease is likely to be related to
      exposure of circulating platelets to aggregating agents, with their degranulation
      occurring during disseminated intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 963292
TI  - A platelet abnormality in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome of man.
AB  - Platelets from two probands homozygous for the Chediak-Higashi syndrome have
      approximately 10% of the normal number of serotonin-containing dense bodies as
      visualized electron microscopically in air-dried whole mounts. Since transport of
      serotonin across the platelet plasma membrane proceeds at a normal rate, and the
      few dense bodies present appear to store normal amounts of serotonin, the absence
      of dense bodies may account for the low platelet serotonin values found in these
      patients.

PMID- 963293
TI  - Immunologic characterization of canine factor VIII.
AB  - Canine factor VIII (FVIII) preparations isolated from cryoprecipitates by gel
      chromatography were pooled to provide one batch of antigen for simultaneous
      immunization of two rabbits and a goat. The goat and rabbit antisera had similar
      FVIII-neutralizing titers, but the latter had seven to ten times more
      precipitating titer for FVIII-related antigen (FVIII-RA). Absorption with
      material low in FVIII had little effect on the precipitating titer of the rabbit
      antibody, but it abolished the precipitating capacity of the goat antibody and
      caused a 20% reduction in the neutralizing titer of both antisera. Results
      obtained in the Laurell assay with the two different antisera were similar. This
      finding was true whether the FVIII-RA levels were reduced, normal, or elevated,
      as well as for heat-treated and frozen-thawed plasmas. Both antisera were
      neutralized by the same canine plasma to a similar extent. Analysis of FVIII
      concentrates by crossed immunoelectrophoresis suggested that canine FVIII-RA was
      heterogeneous, with slow-and fast-migrating components. The presence of more than
      one antigenic site on the FVIII complex was also supported by the disparity
      between the FVIII-neutralizing and -precipitating titers of goat antiserum and by
      the demonstration that FVIII-RA, FVIII-neutralizing antigen, and procoagulant
      activity varied independently.

PMID- 963294
TI  - Relationships between thrombopoiesis and erythropoiesis: with studies of the
      effects of preparations of thrombopoietin and erythropoietin.
AB  - The effects of administration of partially purified human urinary erythropoietin
      and rabbit thrombopoietin, and of endogenously produced erythropoietin and
      thrombopoietin on both red cell and platelet production were examined in mice.
      Partially purified thrombopoietin was prepared from rabbit plasma by sequential
      fractionation with ammonium sulfate precipitation, and DEAE and Sephadex G-100
      chromatography. Preparations of thrombopoietin and partially purified human
      urinary erythropoietin (NIH No. H-11-TaLSL) were administered subcutaneously to
      normal mice, and the rate of incorporation of selenomethionine-75 Se into
      platelets was measured as an index of thrombopoietic activity of the infused
      material. Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin were assayed for erythropoietic
      activity by measuring the rate of appearance of 59Fe in the red cells of
      posthypoxic polycythemic mice. Preparations containing thrombopoietin had barely
      measurable erythropoietic activity, and 7 units of partially purified
      erythropoietin had little thrombopoietic activity. When endogenous levels of
      erythropoietin were increased by hypoxia, platelet production was not enhanced.
      Similarly, increased levels of thrombopoietin, induced in response to
      thrombocytopenia produced by platelet antiserum, did not alter red cell
      production. These data suggest that physiologically increased levels of
      thrombopoietin do not stimulate erythropoiesis, and that physiologically
      increased levels of erythropoietn do not stimulate thrombopoiesis. However,
      currently available, partially purified preparations of erythropoietin and
      thrombopoietin may be capable of stimulating both platelet and red cell
      production if used in sufficient quantities.

PMID- 963295
TI  - Duplication of part of the long arm of chromosome 1 in marrow cells of a treated
      case of myelomatosis.
AB  - In a case of classical myelomatosis treated with melphalan, a clone of cells with
      a chromosomal abnormality was found in the bone marrow during remission. There
      was good reason to think that the hemopoietic cells, rather than plasmacytoma
      cells, were implicated. Although the clone persisted, no evidence of leukemia
      developed over a period of observation of 2 yr. The anomaly was interpreted as a
      duplication of part of the long arm of chromosome 1, which appeared to involve
      the segment q21 to q31.

PMID- 963296
TI  - Some observations of the hematopoietic status in vivo and in vitro on mice of
      genotype S1/S1d.
AB  - Studies on the mechanism of anemia in mice of genotype S1/S1d have implicated the
      hematopoietic stroma (the hematopoietic inductive microenvironment, HIM) rather
      than hematopoietic stem cells as the site of the defect. Using methylcellulose
      supported bone marrow culture systems, we have observed, in addition to classical
      hematopoietic colonies, the formation of surface associated fibroblastic plaques
      that could stimulate hematopoietic colony growth. These plaques were hypothesized
      to be derived from bone marrow stroma precursors. In view of the reported stromal
      based defect in S1/S1d mice, studies were initiated, using our culture system, to
      determine if abnormalities exist in the plaque-forming potentials of these mice.
      Relative to controls, bone marrow derived from S1/S1d mice exhibited a
      significant decrease in hematopoietic colonly-forming units in culture, but no
      differences were apparent in the absolute numbers of fibroblastic plaque-forming
      units or in the ability of such plaques once derived to stimulate hematopoietic
      colony growth when overlain with fresh normal bone marrow preparations.
      Quantitative studies on the bone marrow of the S1/S1d mice revealed a marked
      reduction in total nucleated cells per femur. The importance of evaluating the
      results of bone marrow cultures in an absolute (i.e., number of units per femur)
      rather than a relative (i.e., number of units forming in a constant cell
      inoculum) term was underlined by these studies.

PMID- 963297
TI  - Synthesis of cobalamin coenzymes by human lymphocytes in vitro and the effect of
      folates and metabolic inhibitors.
AB  - The uptake of 57Co-cyanocobalamin (CN-Cbl) and its conversion to 5
      deoxyadenosylcobalamin (Ado-Cbl), methylcobalamin (Me-Cbl), and hydroxocobalamin
      (OH-Cbl) has been studied in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-transformed lymphocytes
      from normal subjects and patients with patients with pernicious anemia. Uptake
      and conversion were much greater by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes than by mature non
      transformed lymphocytes. In normal cells, uptake of 57Co-CN-Cbl and synthesis of
      the cobalamin coenzymes were approximately linear between 3 and 48 hr incubation.
      Ado-Cbl was the major cobalamin formed, and after 72 hr the cells contained about
      twice as much Ado-Cbl as Me-Cbl. Uptake by lymphocytes from patients with
      untreated pernicious anemia (PA) was greater than that by normal lymphocytes, but
      the proportions of Ado-Cbl and Me-Cbl synthesized by each were similar. Folic
      acid and methyltetrahydrofolate enhanced synthesis of Me-Cbl both in normal and
      in PA cells, while methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil depressed it. This depression
      was overcome by 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, suggesting that an uninterrupted folate
      cycle may play an important role in Me-Cbl synthesis.

PMID- 963298
TI  - Fetal hemoglobin production.

PMID- 963299
TI  - Platelet volume and aspirin-induced inhibition of aggregation.

PMID- 963300
TI  - Detection of carriers of hemophilia by hemorrhagometry.
AB  - Hemorrhagometry measures bleeding time, bleeding intensity and blood loss from a
      small standardized skin wound. In patients with hemophilia these values are
      within the normal range when hemorrhagometry is performed at room temperature (24
      degrees C). However, when the wound is cooled to 17 degrees C (cold tolerance
      test), bleeding time is abnormally long in hemophiliacs. Therefore we applied
      this test to carriers of hemophilia. The cold tolerance test was performed in 16
      proven and 6 probable carriers (criteria according to Nilsson). 14 proven and 4
      probable carriers showed abnormal bleeding times of 15 min and more. When
      hemorrhagometry was performed at room temperature, the carriers could not be
      distinguished from normal control persons. Of 15 sisters and aunts of
      hemophiliacs without male offspring (potential carriers) 9 had abnormal cold
      tolerance test findings, in fair agreement with the probability of 0.5 to be
      expected theoretically. Thus the hemorrhagometry cold tolerance test seems to be
      helpful in detecting carriers of hemophilia.

PMID- 963301
TI  - Erythroid colony formation (CFUe) in fetal liver and adult bone marrow and spleen
      from the mouse.
AB  - The methyl cellulose modification of the CFUe technique has been applied to 14
      day fetal liver and adult bone marrow and spleen from CBA/CA mice. Optimized
      doses of fetal calf serum, alpha-thioglycerol, erythropoietin and cell
      suspensions have been obtained from dose response curves in order to standardize
      the technique. The slopes of the erythropoietin and cell dose response curves
      indicate a greater sensitivity by fetal liver to the hormone than bone marrow or
      spleen. The proportion of cells in the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle, as
      measured by the CFUe technique, has been estimated by administering hydroxyurea.
      Two hours after the drug was injected, 89% of fetal liver cells, 71% of bone
      marrow cells and 81% of spleen cells were found to be in the S-phase.

PMID- 963302
TI  - Simazine residue dynamics in small ponds.

PMID- 963303
TI  - Possible effect of lead on egg-shell thickness in kestrels 1874-1974.

PMID- 963304
TI  - The relation of urban atmospheric variables to asthmatic bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 963305
TI  - Evaluation of the humoral immune response of children with low lead exposure.
AB  - Twelve lead-exposed children, with evidence of metabolic impairment, and seven
      non-lead exposed children were examined for evidence of impairment of their
      immunological response. There were no differences between the control group and
      the lead exposed group with reference to complement levels, immunoglobulins, or
      anamnestic response to the tetanus toxoid antigen. It remains to be demonstrated
      whether or not there is deficient response to primary immunization, whether other
      antigens are more affected by lead, or whether impairment of humoral immune
      response requires a more serious degree of lead intoxication.

PMID- 963306
TI  - Early inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by manganese in rat gonads.

PMID- 963307
TI  - 0rganochlorine insecticides in the blood of occupationally exposed people in
      Sudan.

PMID- 963308
TI  - Toxicity of water-soluble fractions of no. 2 fuel oil and South Louisiana crude
      oil to selected stages in the life history of the polychaete, Neanthes
      arenaceodentata.

PMID- 963309
TI  - Distribution of n-parrafins in selected marine benthic organisms.

PMID- 963310
TI  - Analysis of water extracts of crude petroleum by gel permeation chromatography.

PMID- 963311
TI  - Duration of a DDT-induced shift in the selected temperature of Atlantic salmon
      (Salmo salar)

PMID- 963312
TI  - Trans-nonachlor residues in human adipose tissue.

PMID- 963313
TI  - Effects of atropine sulphate treatment on hepatic mixed function oxidase system
      during Baygon intoxication.

PMID- 963314
TI  - A simple procedure for the confirmation of residues of alpha-and beta-endosulfan,
      dieldrin, endrin, and heptachlor epoxide.

PMID- 963315
TI  - Isolation and identification of polychlorinated styrenes in Great Lakes fish.
AB  - Octachlorostyrene was prepared by two independent synthetic routes, and GC
      retention time data as well as a mass spectrum of the standard were obtained. A
      comparison of these data with those observed for a component in fish from Lake
      Huron, Lake Ontario, and the lower Detroit River indicates that octachlorostyrene
      is present in fish residues from these sources. In addition, mass spectral data
      indicated the presence of several hepta and hexachlorostyrene isomers in these
      fish. Further studies should be concerned with quantification of OCS and
      evaluation of possible sources of these compounds, such as impurities in products
      produced by exhaustive chlorination or as by-products in the electrolytic
      production of chlorine.

PMID- 963316
TI  - Organochlorine insecticide residues in ducklings and their dilution by growth.
AB  - Residues of DDT, DDD, DDE, and dieldrin in 7 species of ducklings from Alberta,
      Canada, were measured. Levels of DDT and metabolites ranged from 0 to 36.48 ppm
      in fat of 96% of the birds and from 0 to 0.97 ppm im muscle from 67% of the
      birds. Residue levels of dieldrin ranged from 0 to 2.62 ppm in fat and from 0 to
      0.11 ppm in muscle of 43 and 19% of the birds, respectively. Growth dilution was
      considered to be the most significant factor in reducing the insecticide residue
      levels in the ducklings. DDT (total DDT, DDE, and DDD) residue levels were
      decreased with increased weight of pintail (A. acuta), baldpate (Mareca
      americana), and gadwall (A. strepera) ducklings. Dieldrin used in grasshopper
      control did not contribute to residue levels in the ducklings. Contamination by
      DDT was considered to have originated from outside the habitat. No dieldrin or
      DDT residues were found in ducklings' food sources analysed.

PMID- 963317
TI  - Methoxychlor effects on hepatic storage of vitamin A in rats.
AB  - Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000
      ppm of methoxychlor for 16 weeks under ad libitum- and restricted-feeding
      regimens. Methoxychlor at 10,000 ppm was lethal to some rats, reduced food
      consumption and growth, and increased liver weight relative to body weight.
      Methoxychlor at 1,000 ppm reduced food consumption and growth of rats fed ad
      libitum but did not reduce growth of restricted-fed rats. Reduced hepatic storage
      of vitamin A was detectable when methoxychlor was fed at levels of 100 ppm or
      higher.

PMID- 963318
TI  - Organochlorine pesticide residues in uropygial glands and adipose tissue of wild
      birds.

PMID- 963319
TI  - Effects of daily oral subtoxic doses of a wet lead-based paint on cattle.
AB  - Cattle were dosed daily with a wet lead-based paint at a rate of about 6 mg of
      lead per kg per day for 60 weeks. The cattle did not exhibit overt symptoms of
      lead toxicosis. Blood and fecal samples collected during the study, and tissue
      samples obtained at slaughter of the animals were analyzed for lead by atomic
      absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace. Levels of lead in
      whole blood generally did not exceed 0.5 ppm. The residues of lead in feces
      reached as high as 1000 ppm. Highest residues in tissues were in calcified bone,
      the kidney cortex, kidney medulla, and then in liver. Residues of lead in muscle,
      brain, spleen, and bone marrow were similar to residues of lead in the control
      animal. Calves born to 2 test animals had elevated levels of lead in bone, kidney
      and liver.

PMID- 963320
TI  - Effects of light, magnesium, and cyanide on accumulation of mercury by a fresh
      water diatom, Synedra.

PMID- 963321
TI  - The activity of delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme in the
      interrenal tissue of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) exposed to
      sublethal concentrations of zinc.
AB  - The effects of exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) to three
      sublethal concentrations of zinc (0.248, 0.528 and 1.14 ppm) on delta 5-3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta HSDH) enzyme activity in the head
      kidney tissue was investigated. The activity of this enzyme was localized by the
      reduction of a tetrazolium salt to formazan at the site of activity. Using
      subjective methods to indicate the degree of activity and indirectly assess the
      degree of corticosteroid production, the zinc-exposed rainbow trout showed a
      greater degree of delta 5-3 beta HSDH activity compared to the control fish. This
      increase in enzyme activity has been associated with the stimulation of the
      pituitary-interrenal axis by the noxious stress of zinc.

PMID- 963322
TI  - The effect of lead and cadmium on liver, kidney, and brain levels of cadmium,
      copper, lead, manganese, and zinc, and on erythrocyte ALA-D activity in mice.
AB  - Lead and cadmium were administered intraperitoneally, singly and jointly, to the
      mice. The levels of cadmium, copper, manganese, lead and zinc were determined in
      liver, kidney and brain by atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique and
      delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity was determined in
      erythrocytes. The tissue levels of some of these metals were found significantly
      altered by cadmium and lead both, but cadmium was found to have no effect on
      blood on ALA-D activity.

PMID- 963323
TI  - Effects of heavy metals on fin regeneration in the killifish, Fundulus
      heteroclitus.

PMID- 963324
TI  - Uptake and storage of 14C-labeled endrin by the livers and brains of pesticide
      susceptible and resistant mosquitofish.

PMID- 963325
TI  - The effect of anaerobiosis on measurement of sulfite pulp mill effluent
      concentration in estuarine water by U.V. spectrophotometry.

PMID- 963326
TI  - The toxicity of benomyl, thiophanate-methyl, and BCM to four freshwater
      organisms.
AB  - The EC50 or LC50 values after a 2-day exposure of the three fungicides benomyl,
      thiophanate-methyl and BCM, have been determined using four freshwater organisms:
      Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Daphnia magna, Lebistes reticulatus and Salmo gairdneri.
      The influence of BCM on the reproductive capacity of Daphnia was also
      investigated and from these data provisional ecological limit was established.

PMID- 963327
TI  - Effect of cholinesterase inhibitor malathion on whole body irradiated rats.

PMID- 963328
TI  - Uptake and distribution of chloronaphthalenes and their metabolites in pigs.

PMID- 963329
TI  - A comparison of DDT and methoxychlor accumulation and depletion in sheep.

PMID- 963330
TI  - A note on the use of a stochastic mammillary compartmental model as an
      environmental safety model.

PMID- 963331
TI  - A theory of ambiguous pattern perception.

PMID- 963332
TI  - Algorithms for finding most dissimilar images with possible applications to
      chromosome classification.

PMID- 963333
TI  - Diffusion through a membrane: approach to equilibrium.

PMID- 963334
TI  - Other developments regarding the concept of energy in biological systems.

PMID- 963335
TI  - Mechanical aspects of osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 963336
TI  - Tolerance pattern of the anorexigenic action of amphetamines, fenfluramine,
      phenmetrazine and diethylpropion in rats.
AB  - The tolerance pattern to anorectic drugs was studied in starved rats by measuring
      two consecutive 2 h food intakes. 2 There was a reduction in the first 2 h food
      intake with development of complete tolerance after fenfluramine and
      phenmetrazine, and of partial tolerance after amphetamine, (+)-amphetamine and
      diethylpropion. 3 During the second 2 h intake, the anorectic effect was
      transient after fenfluramine and diethylpropion; while there was an absolute
      increase in the intake after amphetamine and (+)-amphetamine. 4 A pair-feeding
      experiment revealed that the increase in the second 2 h food intake was not a
      direct effect of the drug but a consequence of the deficit in food intake during
      the preceding 2 hours. 5 There was an overall correlation between the food and
      water intake. 6 A significant loss in body weight was observed after amphetamine,
      fenfluramine and phenmetrazine but not after (+)-amphetamine or diethylpropion. 7
      The results indicate that so-called tolerance to the anorexigenic effect of drugs
      is apparent rather than real and that the duration of food access is a
      determining factor. The body weight changes may be brought about by the metabolic
      effects of these drugs rather than their effect on food and water intake.

PMID- 963337
TI  - Oestrogenic, anti-oestrogenic and fertility effects of some triphenylethanes and
      triphenylethylenes related to ethamoxytriphetol (MER 25).
AB  - Five triphenylethylenes, a triphenylethane and a triphenylethanol, carrying
      methyl substituents ortho to one or both of the ring oxygen functions, have been
      examined for oestrogenic, and antioestrogenic activity in mice, and three of the
      compounds, alpha-[4-(beta-diethylaminoethoxy)-3, 5-xylyl]-alpha-phenyl-beta-4
      methoxyphenyl-ethanol (IV), alpha'-[4-(beta-diethylaminoethoxy)-3, 5-xylyl]-4
      methoxy-bibenzyl (V) and alpha'-[4-(beta-diethylaminoethoxy)-3, 5-xylyl]-4
      methoxy-stilbene (VI), were tested for their effects on fertility in mice. 2
      Orthomethylation reduces oestrogenic and/or anti-oestrogenic activity compared
      with the reported activities of non-methylated analogues. 3 The anti-oestrogenic
      ethamoxytriphetol (MER 25) reduced fertility in mice whereas its inactive
      dimethylated analogue (IV) was ineffective. The weakly active anti-oestrogens, V
      and VI, did not affect fertility in mice.

PMID- 963338
TI  - Dual effects of aspirin in guinea-pig lungs.
AB  - Dual effects of aspirin were demonstrated in guinea-pig lungs: (a) aspirin (3.3
      mg/kg i.v.) antagonized bronchoconstriction induced by slow reacting substance of
      anaphylaxis (SRS-A); (b) aspirin produced bronchoconstriction when injected in
      the presence of propranolol into guinea-pigs in vivo at 330 mg/kg, or into guinea
      pig isolated lungs in vitro as a 4% solution (40 mg/ml). 2 The severity of
      bronchoconstriction following administration of aspirin was directly related to
      the degree of beta-adrenoceptor blockade and to the age of the guinea-pigs.
      Aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction was prevented in vivo and in vitro by
      atropine and it could be reversed in vivo by atropine. Aspirin-induced
      bronchoconstriction was not inhibited by vagotomy or phenoxybenzamine. 3 These
      data suggest that the mechanism involved in aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction
      may be local cholinergic stimulation and that reduced beta-adrenergic drive may
      be a predisposing factor.

PMID- 963339
TI  - The ionization of phenolic amines, including apomorphine, dopamine and
      catecholamines and an assessment of zwitterion constants.
AB  - The dissociation constants of many phenolic amines, including benzylamines,
      phenethylamines, phenylethanolamines, phenylpropylamines, catecholamines, and
      apomorphine have been measured by potentiometric titration at 25 degrees C.
      Measurements have also been made with many of their methoxy derivatives and with
      series of phenolic quaternary ammonium salts. Some compounds were also studied at
      37 degrees C. 2 Usually at least five titrations were made with each compound and
      Debye--Huckel theory was applied to convert concentrations to activities but the
      estimates of pKa were not constant and found to increase with increasing
      concentration. The range studied was usually 5-15 mM and a least-squares line
      fit, based on the empirical assumption that pKa varies with (concentration)1/2,
      has been used to calculate values for 10 mM solutions and to extrapolate to
      infinite dilution and to 100 mM. The dependence of pKa on concentration was much
      less at 37 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. 3 At 37 degrees C the pKa values of
      many biologically interesting compounds in the group, dopamine, noradrenaline,
      adrenaline and isoprenaline, coryneine (the trimethylammonium derivative of
      dopamine) and apomorphine are within 1 log unit of physiological pH, indicating
      the presence of a significant proportion of either the zwitterion or of the
      uncharged phenolic amine. 4 Zwitterion constants have been estimated from the pKa
      values of the phenolic amines and those of their methoxy and quaternary
      trimethylammonium analogues. Zwitterion formation does not appear to be
      associated with activity at alpha-adrenoceptors and probably not with activity at
      beta-receptors. The active species seems likely to contain the unionised phenolic
      group but at dopamine receptors this may be in the uncharged phenolic amine
      rather than in the phenolic ammonium salt.

PMID- 963340
TI  - Calcium depletion of synaptosomes after morphine treatment.
AB  - It was confirmed that morphine administration in vivo produced a selective
      decrease in the calcium content of synaptosomal fractions prepared from rat
      cerebral cortices. This effect was prevented by naloxone. 2 After morphine or
      naloxone, there were no changes in the sodium, potassium and magnesium contents
      of any of the seven subcellular fractions tested. 3 Since the selective calcium
      loss was found to occur from fractions similar to those reported to exhibit
      opiate receptor binding, it is concluded that calcium may play a role in the
      action of narcotic agonist drugs.

PMID- 963341
TI  - Effect of ionizing radiation on prostaglandin-like activity in tissues.
AB  - One to 7 days after whole body exposure of mice to a single dose of 700 R of x
      rays, little or no change was detected in prostaglandin-like activity in the
      brain, blood and seminal vesicles. Slight increases in intestinal and renal
      tissue were not significant. In the lung, mean activity rose from 62 ng/g to a
      transient peak of 145 ng/g wet weight on the fourth day (P less than 0.05). In
      the spleen, mean levels rose steadily from 13.2 ng/g to 259 ng/g on the fourth
      day (P less than 0.01), and were still 184.4 ng/g on the seventh day. 2
      Prostaglandin-like activity was measured 4 days after single doses of 200-700 R.
      In the lung, a significant rise was produced by 600 and 700 R, and in the spleen
      by 200-700 R. 3 Thin layer chromatography showed that part of the prostaglandin
      like activity in spleen extracts had RF similar to that of [3H]-prostaglandin E1,
      and part to that of [3H]-prostaglandin F2alpha. 4 Splenic tissue from mice
      exposed to 700 R four days earlier, inactivated prostaglandin E1 less potently
      than did tissue from non-irradiated mice.

PMID- 963342
TI  - Interactions of isoprenaline and prostaglandin E2 with respect to myocardial
      contractile force, coronary vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen consumption
      in guinea-pig isolated hearts.
AB  - Left ventricular pressure (LVP), left ventricular pressure derivative (LV
      dp/dtmax), coronary vascular resistance (CVR) and myocardial oxygen consumption
      (Qo2) were measured simultaneously in isolated, electrically driven hearts of
      guinea-pigs at constant perfusion rate. 2 LVP, LV dp/dtmax, CVR and Qo2 were
      greatly decreased by either the addition of prostaglandin E2 (50 ng/ml) to the
      perfusion fluid or pretreatment of the animals with reserpine. 3 Isoprenaline
      (0.5 nM to 100 nM) induced increases in LVP, LV dp/dtmax and Qo2. In the presence
      of prostaglandin E2, there was a parallel shift of the isoprenaline concentration
      response curve for LVP and LV dp/dtmax. This effect was not seen, after the
      animals had been treated with reserpine. 4 Qo2 was also decreased by
      prostaglandin E2 only in non-reserpine treated animals. 5 CVR was diminished by
      isoprenaline in the untreated group. However, there was increase in CVR, when
      isoprenaline was added to either prostaglandin E2 or reserpine-pretreated hearts
      which was enhanced in the reserpine plus prostaglandin E2-treated group (P less
      than 0.01). 6 The results give evidence for different actions of prostaglandin E2
      on isoprenaline concentration-response curves for LVP, LV dp/dtmax and CVR.

PMID- 963343
TI  - The effects of morphine on the release of noradrenaline from the mouse vas
      deferens.
AB  - Electrical field stimulation of the mouse vas deferens (TO and C57/BL strains)
      caused the release of noradrenaline into the bathing medium. 2 Phenoxybenzamine
      (30 muM) or phentolamine (36 muM) plus cocaine (13 muM) caused a considerable
      increase in the noradrenaline output. 3 In the vasa deferentia from TO mice the
      output per pulse of noradrenaline was constant at frequencies of stimulation from
      0.5 to 15 Hz whereas in the vasa deferentia from C57/BL mice the output per pulse
      of noradrenaline increased two-fold from 1.5 to 15 Hz. 4 Morphine (2 muM)
      inhibited the contractions of the vasa deferentia from TO mice. This effect was
      greater at low (0.1-1 Hz) than at high (10 Hz) frequencies of stimulation.
      Morphine (2 muM) did not inhibit the response of the tissue to exogenous
      noradrenaline. 5 Morphine (1 muM) reduced the noradrenaline output from the vasa
      deferentia of TO mice stimulated at 1.5 Hz but did not reduce the noradrenaline
      output at 15 Hz. At 1.5 Hz the reduction of noradrenaline output was reversed by
      naloxone (0.05 muM). 6 Morphine (5 muM) did not inhibit the uptake of [3H]
      noradrenaline into the vasa deferentia from TO mice. 7 Only in high
      concentrations (ID50 30.88 muM) did morphine inhibit the contractions of the vasa
      deferentia from C57/BL mice. 8 Normorphine (100 muM) did not reduce the
      noradrenaline output from vasa deferentia of C57/BL mice.

PMID- 963344
TI  - The vasodilator actions of isoprenaline, histamine, prostaglandin E2, glucagon
      and secretin on the hepatic arterial vascular bed of the dog.
AB  - The sympathetically-innervated arterial vascular bed of the dog's liver was
      perfused from a femoral artery. Arterial blood flow and perfusion pressure were
      measured continuously, and the hepatic arterial vascular resistance calculated.
      The preparation provided a means of assessing hepatic arterial vasodilatation
      quantitatively. 2 Isoprenaline, histamine, prostaglandin E2, glucagon and
      secretin were injected intra-arterially and all evoked dose-dependent
      vasodilatation of the hepatic arterial vascular bed. 3 The maximum reduction in
      the calculated hepatic arterial vascular resistance of 37-38% was the same for
      each of the five substances. 4 Comparisons on a weight basis revealed that
      prostaglandin E2 was the most potent, followed in potency order by secretin,
      isoprenaline, histamine and glucagon. 5 Comparisons on a molar basis showed that
      secretin and prostaglandin E3 were intrinsically considerably more potent than
      isoprenaline, histamine or glucagon. 6 The onset of the vasodilatator responses
      to secretin, isoprenaline, histamine and prostaglandin E2, was rapid, and the
      duration of their actions was brief. 7 The onset of the vasodilator effects of
      glucagon was slow and its duration of action very prolonged. 8 The implications
      of these observations with respect to the physiological control of the hepatic
      arterial vascular bed of the dog are discussed.

PMID- 963345
TI  - A rapid method for the estimation of prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase
      activity and its application to pharmacology.
AB  - A novel double-isotope assay for prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase (PGDH) is
      described. 2 The assay is simple, rapid, precise, completely specific for PGDH,
      and free from artefacts. The results obtained correlate well with a conventional
      assay. 3 The method is versatile, being applicable to estimations of enzyme
      activity in cell-free systems as well as perfused organs, and is well suited to
      the assay of PGDH inhibitors.

PMID- 963346
TI  - Noradrenaline modulation of the responses of the cerebellar Purkinje cell to
      afferent synaptic activity.
AB  - Noradrenaline, applied by microiontophoresis to rat cerebellar Purkinje neurones,
      selectively depressed spontaneous neuronal discharge. Simple spike and complex
      spike excitations, evoked by stimulation of the mossy and climbing fibres, were
      relatively preserved during the inhibition of spontaneous activity, and the
      number of full-sized action potentials in the complex spike increased. Inhibition
      mediated by the basket and stellate cells was augmented. Thus, relative to the
      change in spontaneous activity, noradrenaline increased the responsiveness of the
      Purkinje cell to afferent input.

PMID- 963347
TI  - Public interest: private grief.

PMID- 963348
TI  - The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness.
      A comparison of schizophrenic and depressed neurotic patients.
AB  - This study is a replication and extension of past work carried out by Brown,
      Birley and Wing (1972) concerning the influence of family life on the course of
      schizophrenia. In the original research the index of emotion expressed by a key
      relative about the patient at the time of key admission proved to be the best
      single predictor of symptomatic relapse in the nine months after discharge from
      hospital. In the present study this main finding of Brown et al has been
      replicated for two clinically different groups of psychiatric patients. The
      expressed emotion of the relative again seems to be associated with relapse
      independently of all other social and clinical factors investigated. In addition,
      important additive effects between various social influences and pharmacological
      treatments have been revealed which make it possible to predict relapse patterns
      in schizophrenia with considerable precision. The patterns of these relationships
      with relapse are different for the two clinical groups studied, patients with
      schizophrenic psychosis and with depressive neurosis.

PMID- 963349
TI  - Rationing out-patients: a defence of the waiting list.
AB  - New psychiatric out-patients were offered immediate or delayed appointments
      (average delay 12 weeks) in random order. The two groups thus formed, comprising
      234 patients, were shown to be comparable in some important respects. Immediate
      appointments were taken up significantly more frequently than delayed
      appointments, and 12 per cent of immediate and 22 per cent of delayed patients
      did not receive any psychiatric service. No evidence was found that delay
      increased other medical services supplied. Non-attenders were presumed to suffer
      from "neurosis" and "personality problem". Initial attenders used more services
      than those who failed to keep their first appointment but came later. A waiting
      list is proposed as a screening device to limit out-patient referrals.

PMID- 963350
TI  - Some possible childhood indicators of adult schizophrenia inferred from children
      of schizophrenics.
AB  - Prospective developmental data on 33 children of consensus diagnosed
      schizophrenic parents were compared to control samples of children of other
      psychiatric patients and children of normal parents. Contrary to several reports
      the children of schizophrenics, observed from birth to age seven, were remarkably
      normal on a host of pregnancy and delivery variables, neurological examinations,
      physical growth measures, and psychological tests. However, a combination of
      three indicators characterized five of the 116 children, and all five were
      offspring of schizophrenics (17 per cent of the high risk sample), thus matching
      the expected lifetime risk for schizophrenia previously observed in such samples.
      Case histories show that all five children have enduring patterns of
      maladjustment and exhibit behaviours often reported in the premorbid histories of
      schizophrenics. Most have family histories heavily loaded with schizophrenia. In
      terms of a diathesis-stress model, these five children appear especially
      vulnerable to future schizophrenia in the absence of rational methods of
      prevention.

PMID- 963351
TI  - Trainees' competence in psychiatric case writing.
AB  - An assessment was made of 100 case records written by junior medical staff
      working in a psychiatric teaching hospital. Thirty-nine items were rated, and
      considerable gaps were found in the records. The Mental State was more poorly
      recorded than the History; the Formulation and Summary were more satisfactory.
      Possible reasons for the findings are discussed, including methodological
      difficulties, administrative considerations, and attitudes of junior staff. The
      implications for the training and assessment of junior psychiatrists are
      explored.

PMID- 963352
TI  - Serum creatine kinase in acute psychosis.

PMID- 963353
TI  - Monosymptomatic hypochodriasis.

PMID- 963354
TI  - The differentiation of paranoid from affective psychoses by patients' premorbid
      characteristics.
AB  - Various premorbid characteristics of a group of patients aged 50 or over
      suffering from paranoid psychoses (N = 54) were compared with those of patients
      of similar age suffering from affective psychoses (N = 57). (The diagnoses were
      those of the consultants.) The presence of deafness was investigated in the
      manner described by Cooper et al(1974). Using the discriminant function method,
      the diagnostic groups were highly significantly differentiated by six independent
      variables, which in combination predicted 40 per cent of the variance. These
      were: a 'schizoid personality' factor, the number of surviving children,
      precipitating events, deafness, family history and social class.

PMID- 963355
TI  - Deafness and psychiatric illness.
AB  - Review of the literature concerning the relationship between deafness and
      psychiatric disorder reveals differences in the pattern of illness depending on
      the severity of deafness and the age of onset. In particular, the prevalence of
      schizophrenia in the prelingually deaf is similar to that found in the normal
      population, whereas the hard of hearing are over-represented among samples of
      patients suffering from paranoid psychoses in later life. Possible modes of
      action of long-standing hearing loss in the aetiology of paranoid illnesses are
      considered: the psychological and social consequences of deafness, the possible
      contribution of sensory deprivation phenomena, and the interference of hearing
      loss in attention, perception and communication. Finally, possible future lines
      of research are suggested.

PMID- 963356
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness.
AB  - Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an important enzyme in the catabolism of brain
      biogenic amines. Platelet MAO has been reported to be moderately reduced in manic
      depressive patients and markedly reduced in schizophrenic patients. This enzyme's
      activity has been shown to be under a large degree of genetic control and has
      been proposed as a 'genetic marker' in schizophrenia. A transcultural replication
      of the finding of low platelet MAO in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness
      was carried out at the Jerusalem Mental Health Centre. Manic-depressive patients
      were found to have higher platelet MAO activity than schizophrenic patients, as
      reported previously, but control individuals were as low as the schizophrenic
      patients. It is unlikely that platelet MAO activity is a transculturally-valid
      marker for schizophrenia.

PMID- 963357
TI  - Whole blood adenosine triphosphate in manic-depressive illness.
AB  - Whole blood cell ATP concentration was estimated in a group of manic and
      depressed patients and in a group of normal subjects. There were no significant
      differences between patient and control groups, nor in the patient groups were
      there any significant changes with recovery.

PMID- 963359
TI  - Polygenic inheritance of epilepsy and febrile convulsions: analysis based on a
      computational model.
AB  - Two series of patients with epilepsy and with febrile convulsions were analysed
      on Slater's computational model for evidence on the mode of inheritance. The
      study demonstrated that in both series a polygenic inheritance may be more likely
      than an autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance.

PMID- 963358
TI  - Thyroid dysfunction in female psychiatric patients.
AB  - Biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction in 98 unselected female psychiatric
      admissions led to the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in three cases which would
      otherwise have passed unrecognized. It is suggested that female psychiatric
      patients over the age of 40 should routinely be screened for thyroid disorder.

PMID- 963360
TI  - Physique, personality and mental illness in southern Chinese women.
AB  - A number of anthropometric measurements were made on Southern Chinese women.
      These were 317 schizophrenics, 44 with affective disorder, 47 neurotics and
      normal controls. All groups and sub-groups compared were matched for mean age and
      socio-economic status. It was found that the intercorrelations between body
      build, personality and type of mental illness were on the whole similar to those
      reported for Caucasians.

PMID- 963361
TI  - Marriage and neurosis in a modern residential suburb: an application of the Ryle
      Marital Patterns Test.
AB  - The Ryle Marital Patterns Test measures the affection and domination aspects of
      marriage. Its original administration illustrated a partial association between
      poor marital adjustment (as measured by low affection scores and non-egalitarian
      domination scores) and neuroticism (as measured by CMI score). The present paper
      confirms these associations using a group of suburban women defined as neurotic
      by their GP. Related studies suggest similar patterns.

PMID- 963362
TI  - Help-seeking in depressed out-patients following maintenance therapy.
AB  - This paper reports on the clinical status, help-seeking and subsequent treatment
      experiences of 150 women one year after they had completed out-patient
      maintenance treatment by amitriptyline and/or psychotherapy for a depressive
      episode. While the majority of patients were asymptomatic at follow-up, a
      substantial minority had a return of acute symptoms and 2 per cent made minor
      suicide attempts during the year. Admission to hospital was rare. However, only
      30 per cent of the patients did not seek any treatment during the year and the
      majority received some psychotropic medication. The findings support the long
      term need for prompt access to treatment by patients who have recovered from an
      acute depression.

PMID- 963363
TI  - Socio-cultural determinants of attempted suicide among West Indians in
      Birmingham: ethnic origin and immigrant status.
AB  - The author studied the significance of ethnic origin and immigrant status in
      attempted suicide. Epidemiological data (1969-72) indicated that self-poisoning
      among West Indian immigrants in Birmingham was less prevalent than among natives
      there but more prevalent than in the West Indies. The association of recent
      pregnancy with attempted suicide among young immigrant patients was noteworthy.
      Attempted suicide among immigrants was often relatively benign; few abused
      alcohol or drugs or made repeated attempts. The markedly lower male rate of
      attempted suicide, and its rarity in older persons, confirms previous findings.

PMID- 963365
TI  - Letter: the homeless person and the psychiatric services.

PMID- 963364
TI  - The aftermath of parental suicide for children.
AB  - Thirty-six children between the ages of 2 and 17 bereaved by the suicide of a
      parent were followed up after 5 to 17 years. The children's home life before
      bereavement had been abnormal because of mental illness, and family disruption
      and pre-suicide stresses were significantly related to present functioning. An
      incidence of psychological morbidity greater than that of a comparison group was
      observed. Some children appear to cope with the experience of parental suicide
      without serious consequences; for a few there was relief from an insupportable
      situation.

PMID- 963366
TI  - Monosymptomatic hypochondriasis, abnormal illness behavior and suicide.

PMID- 963367
TI  - A review of experimental techniques related to anthropometric assessment.

PMID- 963368
TI  - The effect of microwave therapy upon muscle blood flow in man.
AB  - Muscle blood flow was measured using a radioactive tracer technique in five
      normal subjects. Flow values obtained during application of 2450 MHz microwave
      therapy were compared with resting values and in each case the treatment produced
      a significant increase; the mean values being 2.9 ml/100g/min at rest and 11.4
      ml/100g/min during application of the microwave therapy. Comparison is made with
      previous studies using other therapeutic agents and it is concluded that the most
      significant effect on muscle blood flow is produced by microwave therapy.

PMID- 963369
TI  - The mobilising effects of repeated measurement on hip flexion.

PMID- 963370
TI  - Joint mobility changes due to low frequency vibration and stretching exercise.

PMID- 963371
TI  - Annotation limitation of mobility in major joints of 231 sportsmen.

PMID- 963372
TI  - Some reactions to a dry-land training programme for dinghy sailors.
AB  - A dry-land winter training programme for dinghy-sailors is described. Individual
      elements include circuit training, specific exercises for muscle strength and
      endurance, and distance running. Ten international-class sailors followed a
      progressive regimen of this type for 14 weeks after completion of the 1973
      season. Excess weight and skinfold thicknesses were reduced, while muscle
      strength, endurance and anaerobic capacity increased. Aerobic power remained
      substantially unchanged, although a smaller oxygen debt was incurred in reaching
      maximum effort. Team members were enthusiastic about the benefits gained from the
      training, commenting on their greater tolerance of the hiking position and all
      proposed to continue or to increase their efforts during subsequent winters.
      Racing results during 1974 were also an improvement on the 1973 record. However,
      it was difficult to link physiological gains to improvements in the relative
      rankings of individual competitors under either light or high wind conditions;
      the main factor changing relative standings seems to have been the additional
      year of competitive experiences in younger team members.

PMID- 963373
TI  - Exercise and live longer.

PMID- 963374
TI  - British pilot study of exercise therapy. I. Middle-aged men.
AB  - The physiological and biochemical effects of a carefully graduated course of
      vigorous gymnasium training with two or three weekly exercise sessions lasting
      only 15 minutes have been studied in middle-aged London business men. Activity
      diaries and psychological questionnaires indicated that these men had a positive
      attitude to exercise which was probably greater than average. The gymnasium
      exercises caused a large oxygen debt and considerable rises in plasma
      catecholamines and lactate levels. A close correlation was found between the
      pulse rate during exercise and the Borg scale of perceived exertion, so that both
      could be used to ensure that short periods of exercise were sufficiently vigorous
      to produce a training effect, and protect against over-exertion. The
      acceptability of this particular exercise regime was shown by the low fall-out
      and injury rate. It is suggested that this exercise training programme possesses
      many features which are advantageous if increased physical activity is to be more
      widely used as a method of reducing some of the risk factors in coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 963375
TI  - British pilot study of exercise therapy. II. Patients with cardiovascular
      disease.
AB  - Two groups of middle-aged men, one with and one without overt cardiovascular
      disease, were studied while they were taking part in a specially designed course
      of exercise therapy in a gymnasium. The "patients" group had at least two months
      pre-treatment to allow physical recovery and mental re-education before their
      initial very small test dose of exercise. Using short periods of progressive,
      mainly weight-loaded, isotonic exercises carefully regulated by control of pulse
      rate and avoidance of symptoms of over-exertion, both groups showed large
      increases in effort capacity and reductions in resting pulse rate, blood pressure
      and plasma lipid levels within two months. The safety of this particular form of
      exercise was shown in this high-risk population by the low drop-out rate and the
      absence of cardiovascular accidents in the gymnasium over a ten year period. It
      is suggested that, given suitable training of the staff and using the safeguards
      described, the presence of doctors and a cardiac resuscitation team is
      unnecessary in a gymnasium specializing in cardiac rehabilitation. This makes it
      possible for rehabilitation and physiotherapy departments throughout the country
      to carry out this effective and positive form of exercise therapy.

PMID- 963376
TI  - Maximal exercise studies in Scottish athletes.
AB  - We have studied maximal oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate, maximal exercise
      ventilation and the ventilatory response to exercise in 24 male and 14 female
      Scottish athletes. The values for maximal oxygen uptake are similar to those
      reported in other international studies. In eight athletes repeat measurements of
      maximal oxygen uptake 7-11 months after the initial study showed no change from
      the initial values. The values for the ventilatory response to exercise in our
      athletes were normal. The relationship is discussed between maximal oxygen uptake
      and ventilatory responses to exercise, hypoxia and hypercapnia and it is
      suggested that these may be related to athletic event.

PMID- 963377
TI  - The reproducibility of submaximal work heart rates-an interim report.
AB  - Work heart rates were taken from four subjects performing standardized bouts of
      work on the Monark Ergometer. Whilst a linear relationship was observed between
      heart rate and work intensity on any one day, it is evident that day to day
      variations in the position (intercept) of these lines exists. The slopes are
      virtually identical for all subjects and for different days, however the position
      of the lines differs widely both between and within subjects. The best linear
      regression equation developed for the prediction of heart rate after 180 seconds
      of work from pre-exercise heart rate and work intensity was found to have 95%
      confidence limits of +/- 12.7 beats. Heart rates are reproducible 95% of the time
      to within +/- 12.2 beats when pre-exercise heart rate is ignored.

PMID- 963378
TI  - Effectiveness of an exercise regime on the rehabilitation of chronic obstructive
      lung disease patients using heart-rate as the parameter.

PMID- 963379
TI  - Astrand-ryhming step test norms for college students.

PMID- 963380
TI  - The role of exercise in prevention and in the treatment of coronary heart
      disease. Exercise and the prevention of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 963381
TI  - The role of exercise in prevention and in the treatment of coronary heart
      disease. Exercise in coronary disease.

PMID- 963382
TI  - Radiology now. Renal trauma: the place of arteriography.

PMID- 963383
TI  - A simple new formula for relating changes in renal length to changes in renal
      volume.
AB  - A simple new formula for relating changes in renal length to changes in renal
      volume is derived. It is not assumed that the kidney is any given shape, but it
      is assumed that a kidney does not change its shape when it enlarges. It is shown
      that the fractional change in renal volume equals three times the fractional
      change in renal length plus three times the fractional change in renal length
      squared. Examples of applications of the formula using figures for changes in
      renal length, published elsewhere in the literature, are given for renal
      hypertrophy in both childhood and adult life and for volume changes during
      excretion urography.

PMID- 963384
TI  - Thallium 201 chloride uptake in tumours, a possible complication in heart
      scintigraphy.
AB  - An abnormal uptake pattern of 201Tl thallous chloride observed during myocardial
      scintigraphy of a patient with known thoracic tumour localization suggested the
      possibility that thallous chloride may also accumulate in tumours. This was
      confirmed by observing 201thallous chloride accumulation in rhabdomyosarcoma
      implants in rats. Thallium 201 accumulation in tumour cells should be borne in
      mind as a possible complicating factor when using this reagent for the evaluation
      of cardiac conditions in oncological patients.

PMID- 963385
TI  - Pharmaco-cholangiography with anticholinergic drugs in the dog.
AB  - The effect of atropine and pipenzolate bromide (PB) in different dosage levels
      was investigated in intravenous cholangiography with 0.6 ml/kg iodipamide infused
      over 30 minutes in six cholecystectomized dogs (20-36 kg) equipped with Thomas
      cannulas through which the common bile duct could be cannulated. Doses of 1 mg
      atropine and 20 mg PB, half the dose given intravenously just prior to the
      contrast agent and the other half with the iodipamide infusion, had the greatest
      effect in decreasing the bile flow (atropine-24% at 60, PB-23% at 30 minutes) and
      increasing the bile iodine concentration (atropine + 16%, PB + 14%). The biliary
      iodipamide excretion rate was not affected.

PMID- 963386
TI  - Liver volume determination by ultrasound: a feasibility study.
AB  - The feasibility and precision of an ultrasound method for determining the volume
      of the liver have been assessed using a Nuclear Enterprises B-scan machine. A
      relation between estimated liver volume and body weight has been established,
      showing that liver volume can be determined with a precision of +/- 195 cm3 (P
      less than or equal 0-05). With the standard non-grey-scale imaging technique
      employed there is a degree of uncertainty in deciding the liver boundaries, and
      this constitutes the major source of error.

PMID- 963387
TI  - The analysis of radioisotope brain scans by comparison with normal patterns of
      uptake.
AB  - A previously described method for the computer analysis of radioisotope brain
      scans has been further developed. A patient scan is matched with a series of
      "normal" scans to find the closest fit and the "normal" scan is then subtracted
      from the patient scan. The results are displayed in terms of the standard
      deviation from the normal. In a clinical trial the computer assessments were
      found to be less accurate than those of two groups of observers. One reason for
      these disappointing results is related to the simple criteria used to choose and
      fit the best "normal" to a particular patient scan. A second reason is the
      optimization of the scanner/photoscan combination to 99Tcm pertechnetate as a
      brain scanning agent which results in patient-to-patient variation becoming more
      important. This reduces the potential of a simple numerical analysis to improve
      results.

PMID- 963388
TI  - Diffuse arterial calcification of the uterus. An unusual radiographic appearance.

PMID- 963389
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of the extrahepatic bile-duct.

PMID- 963390
TI  - Aortoenteric fistula: a late complication of abdominal aortic bypass surgery.

PMID- 963391
TI  - Radiation exposure from EMI scanner-multiple scans.

PMID- 963392
TI  - Aminography in the early diagnosis of hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 963394
TI  - Possible application of a radiotherapy simulator for imaging of body cross -
      sections.

PMID- 963393
TI  - Focal spot measurements.

PMID- 963395
TI  - Vaginal ureterolithotomy.
AB  - The vaginal approach to the low ureteric calculus may provide an easy, rapid and
      safe solution to a difficult surgical problem. It is important to select the case
      with care and, provided basic surgical principles are followed, the complications
      should be minimal. 3 recent successful cases are described and a further 2 in
      which the technique failed due to proximal displacement of the stone. The
      importance of adequately immobilising the calculus prior to ureterotomy is
      emphasised.

PMID- 963396
TI  - Appendix ureteroplasty.

PMID- 963397
TI  - The use of bromocriptine in the treatment of the unstable bladder.
AB  - Initial experience with the use of bromocriptine in 24 patients with troublesome
      micturition symptoms associated with an unstable bladder is described. 14
      patients responded symptomatically to treatment with bromocriptine and these
      results were confirmed by a double blind trial in this group. 11 of these
      patients had previously failed to benefit from treatment either with drugs or
      vesical distension. It is concluded that bromocriptine has a part to play in the
      treatment of some cases of primary detrusor instability.

PMID- 963398
TI  - Bladder and urethral innervation in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Bladder and urethral innervation was studied in 52 patients with multiple
      sclerosis using a signal tracing technique (evoked reflex latency measurement). 
      The majority of the patients showed prolonged signal transit times indicative of
      demyelinating plaques localised to the lumbosacral spinal cord.  Futhermore,
      impairment of the corticospinal innervation of the pudendal nucleus was found in
      29 patients indicating lesions of the pyramidal tract.

PMID- 963399
TI  - Ectopia vesicae complicated by squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 963400
TI  - Chronic bacterial prostatitis: new therapeutic aspects.
AB  - 6 cases with chronic bacterial prostatitis were reviewed. The effort and patience
      required to diagnose this condition accurately by means of differential urine and
      prostatic secretion cultures is extremely worthwhile. Cotrimoxazole, which has
      been suggested as a most effective antibacterial drug in chronic bacterial
      prostatitis, cured only 3 out of our 6 patients and then only after continuous
      treatment for 4 months. 2 of the remaining patients were cured by a 10 to 14
      days' course of kanamycin and the third was probably cured by streptomycin. On
      theoretical grounds neither of these lipid insoluble drugs should be capable of
      penetrating the prostatic epithelium. The implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 963401
TI  - An osteolytic lesion as a presentation of bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 963402
TI  - Posterior urethral duplication.

PMID- 963403
TI  - Random bone marrow biopsy in the staging of carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Random bone marrow biopsies were examined in 28 patients with proven carcinoma of
      the prostate. In 6 cases (28-5%) bony metastases were demonstrated and in 2 of
      these X-ray skeletal surveys were negative. It is suggested that bone marrow
      biopsy should be done in the staging of carcinoma of the prostate when other
      investigations are negative, especially when an occult primary is suspected, when
      radical treatment is contemplated and in clinical trials.

PMID- 963404
TI  - Regression of penile mestastases of prostatic carcinoma with cyproterone acetate
      therapy.

PMID- 963405
TI  - Amoebiasis of the penis.

PMID- 963406
TI  - Vasoplasty: a new technique.
AB  - A technique by which plain catgut is used as an internal splint in vasoplasty is
      described. 28 cases have been carried out, of which only 4 have failed.

PMID- 963407
TI  - Congenital urethral polyp in a child.

PMID- 963408
TI  - Comparison of sterile bag, clean catch and suprapubic aspiration in the diagnosis
      of urinary infection in early childhood.
AB  - Bag, clean catch and suprapubic specimens of urine were taken on the same day in
      a group of 30 unwell infants and young children. On microbiological grounds
      suprapubic aspiration was far superior to clean catch collection and clean catch
      collection superior to bag collection in the diagnosis of urinary tract
      infection.

PMID- 963409
TI  - A knot in the urethra.

PMID- 963410
TI  - Comparison of hydrophilic polymer-coated latex, uncoated latex and PVC indwelling
      balloon catheters in the prevention of urinary infection.
AB  - Latex, hydrophilic polymer-coated latex and PVC balloon indwelling urethral
      catheters were compared in respect of the urinary tract infections arising in
      association with their use in male patients. The polymer (Hydron) coating
      conferred no benefit over uncoated latex which in turn was indistinguishable from
      PVC. No significant differences in the spectra of infecting organismns were
      observed between the 3 catheter types.

PMID- 963411
TI  - Ileal replacement of ureter of solitary kidney: 22-year follow-up.

PMID- 963412
TI  - Colo-anal sleeve anastomosis in the treatment of diffuse cavernous haemangioma
      involving the rectum.
AB  - An operative technique, involving a colo-anal sleeve anastomosis, is described
      for the treatment of cavernous haemangioma of the rectum. All the patients with
      this condition treated since 1930 at St Mark's Hospital are reviewed, and the
      presentation and results of treatment in the last 5 patients who have had a
      resection and colo-anal sleeve anastomosis are discussed.

PMID- 963413
TI  - The effect of an infusion of low molecular weight dextran on peripheral
      resistance in patients with arteriosclerosis.
AB  - Low molecular weight dextran is frequently given to improve the flow of blood to
      the periphery, but its mode of action is uncertain. We measured the effect of an
      infusion of 500 ml of Dextran 40 on the peripheral resistance in 12 patients
      undergoing reconstructive surgery for atherosclerotic occlusion of the
      superficial femoral artery. After the infusion, values of packed cell volume and
      blood viscosity indicated haemodilution. There was a consistent increase in mean
      flow and a fall in peripheral resistance. There was no correlation between change
      in viscosity and change in peripheral resistance, but there was a good
      correlation between the percentage change in resistance and the initial
      resistance. This suggests that the increase in flow of blood was due to reflex
      vasodilatation rather than to any reduction in viscosity.

PMID- 963414
TI  - Plasma fibrinolysis and postoperative deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - In 23 high risk patients the change in plasminogen activator activity in response
      to surgical operation was studied by euglobulin lysis time (ELT) and fibrin plate
      lysis before, during and for up to 6 days following a major surgical procedure.
      Fibrin degradation products (FDP) were also measured. The aim was to relate any
      changes to postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as diagnosed by the 125I
      fibrinogen test. Peroperative increase and postoperative inhibition of
      fibrinolytic activity were seen in all the patients. Changes in fibrinolytic
      activity as measured by the ELT and during the first 24 hours by the fibrin plate
      technique were similar. This suggests that during this period the response was
      independent of plasma fibrinogen changes. There was no significant difference in
      these parameters between patients who developed DVT and those who did not. The
      relationship between venous thrombo-embolism and elevation of serum FDP was
      confirmed.

PMID- 963415
TI  - Benign oesophageal stricture following oral potassium chloride therapy.
AB  - A patient is described who developed a benign oesophageal stricture following
      cardiac surgery. A brief review of the literature is given and the possible
      dangers of oral potassium cholride therapy in patients with dysphagia are
      highlighted.

PMID- 963416
TI  - Perforated peptic ulcer: a comparison of long term results following partial
      gastric resection or simple closure.
AB  - The results of simple closure were compared with those of partial resection in
      the treatment of perforated peptic ulcer. The investigation was carried out 7-13
      years after the primary operation on 126 patients who had been allotted to one of
      the two treatment methods on the basis of an almost randomized schedule. Better
      late results were obtained with partial resection than with simple closure in
      patients in the age range 50-59 years at operation, with short duration of
      perforation and with a long history of symptoms before perforation. None of the
      patients treated with partial resection later underwent surgical treatment for
      recurrence of symptoms. In the simple closure group 27.3 per cent needed further
      surgery at 3 months to 10 years after perforation.

PMID- 963417
TI  - Functional results of different reconstructive procedures after total
      gastrectomy.
AB  - In 181 patients six reconstructive procedures were performed after total
      gastrectomy: Roux-en-Y (95), Henley (42), omega (21), Tomoda (16, Rosanov (4) and
      neogastrium (3). The functional results 2-4 months after operation were studied
      and compared by medical observers independently of the surgeons who had selected
      and performed the reconstructive procedures. Analysis of the functional results,
      and consideration of the degree to which the functional disorders associated with
      the various reconstructive procedures lend themselves to treatment, suggest that
      the Henley reconstructive procedure is the best, with the Roux-en-Y as a good
      second-best.

PMID- 963418
TI  - Duodenoscopic papillotomy and gallstone removal.
AB  - Using an experimental insulated duodenoscope and a diathermy wire, papillotomy
      has been performed on 10 patients under diazepam sedation. Seven patients had
      common bile duct stones (6 following cholecystectomy) and 3 had papillary
      stenosis. Nine of the patients had severe medical or surgical contraindications
      to further operative treatment. Papillotomy was successful in all patients, with
      no significant bleeding or other complications. Repeat endoscopy 6-14 days after
      papillotomy demonstrated a healed biliary orifice of 7-10 mm diameter. Stones had
      already passed in 3 of the 7 patients; in 2 others, stones were extracted using
      balloon catheters or Dormia type baskets. Two larger stones could not be removed;
      in one of these patients the stone and basket became impacted at the papilla and
      had to be removed surgically 2 days later. Endoscopic papillotomy is an
      acceptable alternative to surgery in high risk patients, particularly in the
      treatment of retained common bile duct stones. If long term results prove
      satisfactory, the technique will have wider application.

PMID- 963419
TI  - An acute abdomen: spontaneous rupture of liver during pregnancy.
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of liver during pregnancy is presented as an example of an
      acute abdomen admitted to a casualty department of a general hospital. The
      literature is reviewed and emphasis is placed on clinical awareness and earlier
      diagnosis as a means to reduce the high mortality.

PMID- 963420
TI  - The microflora of the obstructed bowel.
AB  - A study of the alterations of intestinal microflora that occur in acute small and
      large bowel obstruction is presented. The results are discussed in relation to
      the duration of obstruction, the site of obstruction, the recovery following
      relief of obstruction and the septic complications which profoundly affect the
      prognosis of these common surgical emergencies.

PMID- 963421
TI  - Malignant cold thyroid nodules in hyperthyroidism.
AB  - In 65 hyperthyroid patients with a cold nodule a carcinoma was found at operation
      in 14 cases, i.e. a malignancy incidence of 21-5 per cent. In 859 euthyroid cases
      with a cold thyroid nodule 104 malignant lesions (12-1 per cent) were found. The
      difference is statistically significant. Surgery in cases with a cold thyroid
      nodule is strongly indicated if this occurs in a hyperthyroid gland.

PMID- 963422
TI  - School pregnancies.

PMID- 963423
TI  - Elective surgery and the pill.

PMID- 963424
TI  - HLA and disease: a conundrum.

PMID- 963425
TI  - Contaminated infusion fluids.

PMID- 963426
TI  - Welded hair.

PMID- 963427
TI  - Mental health reforms.

PMID- 963428
TI  - Antibiotics for respiratory illness.

PMID- 963429
TI  - Active observation in management of acute abdominal pain in childhood.
AB  - Out of 363 children admitted to a surgical unit with acute abdominal pain only
      126 (35%) had an operation. Of these, 20 first underwent a period of "active
      observation." This procedure, used to help reach a diagnosis or decision in
      doubtful cases, is safe and useful and may be applied at home or in hospital.

PMID- 963430
TI  - Prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension: studies in a random population
      sample.
AB  - The prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension was determined in a random
      sample of 7455 Swedish men aged 47 to 54 years. Three hundred and sizty-one men
      were undergoing treatment for hypertension. Seven hundred and ninety-eight men
      who had blood pressures above 175/115 mm Hg at preliminary screening were
      recalled for further blood pressure measurements. Those on treatment and all the
      untreated men whose blood pressures were still over 175/115 mm Hg then underwent
      extensive investigation for secondary hypertension. Renal parenchymal
      hypertension was found in 25 (3-6%) patients, renovascular hypertension in four
      (0-6%), and other forms of secondary hypertension in 11 (1-6%). The investigation
      led to surgical treatment in only two cases (0-3%). The low prevalence of
      secondary hypertension, especially surgically curable forms of hypertension,
      makes routine screening for these cases unnecessary, at least when patients with
      hypertension have been found at screening. These data must be taken into account
      in planning community control programmes in hypertension.

PMID- 963431
TI  - Hepatitis B virus infection in dental surgical practice.
AB  - Sixty-one dental surgeons at King's College Hospital were interviewed to
      establish the incidence of attacks of viral hepatitis and to relate this to
      environmental risk factors. Six (10%) had a history of hepatitis, in one case due
      to infection with the hepatitis B virus. Screening blood for HBsAg by
      radioimmunoassay showed no carriers of the antigen, but transient antigenaemia
      was observed in one dentist. Antibody to HBsAg, tested by radioimmunoassay, was
      detected in four dentists (7%), only one of whom had had clinical hepatitis.
      Dental surgeons may be more at risk from infection with the hepatitis B virus
      than the general population, although this should be minimised in hospital
      practice, where the most infected patients will already have been identified and
      appropriate precautions can be taken. The risk of transmission from an antigen
      positive dentist to his patients is probably much smaller, and there is no
      evidence to restrict his clinical activities.

PMID- 963432
TI  - Bronchial carcinoma with pleural spread causing unilateral thoracic
      hyperhidrosis.

PMID- 963433
TI  - Hypothermia and Wernicke's encephalopathy.

PMID- 963434
TI  - Benign intracranial hypertension after withdrawal of topical steriods in an
      infant.

PMID- 963435
TI  - Oxytocin and neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 963436
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis in two sisters.

PMID- 963437
TI  - Statistics at square one. XVI-The chi squared 2 tests.

PMID- 963438
TI  - Career problems of women doctors.
AB  - Information was received from 61 women doctors who were having difficulty
      continuing with medical careers. Two main problems were disclosed. Firstly,
      despite the special arrangements made for women doctors, it is difficult to
      obtain postgraduate training. The provision of supernumerary posts does not seem
      to offer a satisfactory solution. Secondly, doctors who have completed
      postgraduate training but cannot yet return to full-time work are unable to
      obtain posts at an appropriate level. Both of these problems stem primarily from
      the need for part-time work by the mothers of young children. Most of the doctors
      wish to return to full-time or nearly full-time work when family responsibilities
      are fewer. In view of the increasing proportion of women doctors it seems
      important that large numbers are not unnecessarily lost from professional work.
      Some possible approaches to solving the problems are suggested.

PMID- 963439
TI  - Use of creatine kinase for detecting severe X-linked muscular dystrophy carriers.
AB  - Women thought to be at risk of being carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy were
      given "odds" against their having an affected child. These were calcuated from a
      combination of the genetic risk from the family history and an estimation of the
      biochemical risk from measuring the serum creatine kinase concentration. The
      women were told the actual risk estimate and it was put into perspective for them
      as a high, medium, or low risk. Of 25 women at high risk six have had children,
      all girls; the two in the medium-risk group have had no children; and the 46
      women at low risk have had 19 boys and 25 girls. None of the boys has the
      disease. With detailed counselling most potential carriers of this disease reach
      decisions in child bearing that are in line with their degree of risk.

PMID- 963440
TI  - An unnecessary risk to children.

PMID- 963441
TI  - Sedatives for alcoholics.

PMID- 963442
TI  - Clonazepam in treatment of tardive oral dyskinesia [letter].

PMID- 963443
TI  - Travellers' diarrhoea.

PMID- 963444
TI  - Dextropropoxyphene poisoning.

PMID- 963445
TI  - Diazoxide in treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 963446
TI  - Thyrotoxic vomiting.

PMID- 963447
TI  - Nicotine chewing gum.

PMID- 963448
TI  - Rheumatoid cervical subluxation.

PMID- 963449
TI  - Predicting illness by numbers.

PMID- 963450
TI  - Mid-trimester termination.

PMID- 963451
TI  - Prophylactic use of bronchodilators.

PMID- 963452
TI  - Treatment of blood/injury/illness phobia.

PMID- 963453
TI  - Medical manpower and hospital staffing.

PMID- 963454
TI  - Disease at the Elephant.

PMID- 963455
TI  - The closure of dirty and untidy wounds.

PMID- 963456
TI  - The search for a psychiatric Esperanto.

PMID- 963457
TI  - Teaching of anatomy.

PMID- 963458
TI  - Immunological factors in pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 963460
TI  - Beyond Calais.

PMID- 963459
TI  - Symptomatic care in motor neurone disease.

PMID- 963461
TI  - Intracranial aneurysms: analysis of results of microneurosurgery.
AB  - Subarachnoid haemorrhage from intracranial aneurysms has a poor prognosis.
      Operative management of intracranial aneurysms was once considered ineffective.
      The first 100 cases treated by micorsurgery were analysed to see whether
      mortality and morbidity were reduced. Modern surgical techniques halved the total
      mortality but the morbidity was unaltered. Results can be improved by delaying
      surgery seven days and by treating any hypertension before surgery.

PMID- 963462
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic assessment by telephone electrocardiographic
      monitoring of ambulatory patients.
AB  - The electrocardiograms of ambulatory patients have been monitored over the
      telephone by staff of the intensive cardiac care unit using equipment in the
      unit. Telephone monitoring is a useful way of diagnosing transient symptomatic
      arrhythmias and a reliable aid in supervising the patient's rhythm at the
      beginning or end of treatment. The doctor has direct contact with the patient at
      the time of his symptoms so that he can reassure or instruct him. This system
      costs relatively little in manpower and equipment and permits relatively long
      periods of follow-up. It is effective, however, only in symptomatic cases in
      which the rate or rhythm disturbances last long enough to be transmitted. Also
      important are the negative findings when the patient complains of symptoms and
      abnormal findings during routine telephone transmissions. Accurate detection of
      transient ischaemic changes seems to be less reliable, and further technical
      improvements are required.

PMID- 963463
TI  - A new look at the neonatal electrocardiogram.
AB  - Among 818 newborn babies whose electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded between
      April 1975 and April 1976 were 57 babies with recordings that fell outside the
      accepted normal range. Preliminary observations have identified the need to
      define more clearly the range of normal variation. Twelve babies showed
      asymptomatic conduction abnormalities, three of which were thought sufficiently
      serious to need treatment. Two babies died suddenly, one of whom had abnormal
      conduction on the ECG and histologically demonstrated abnormalities of the
      conducting system. This continuing prospective study may indicate a link between
      conducting tissue abnormalities and the sudden infant death syndrome. Ten babies
      had congenital cardiac anomalies, four of which were first discovered because of
      an abnormal screening cardiogram. Electrocardiography, a simple and noninvasive
      procedure, may be a valuable addition to the routine neonatal examination.

PMID- 963464
TI  - Cutaneous ectopic schistosomiasis.
AB  - Two cases of cutaneous schistosomiasis due to ectopic ova have recently been
      seen. Both patients presented with abdominal papular lesions, which were found on
      biopsy to contain schistosoma ova. To reach these abdominal sites mature worms
      probably migrate from the portal circulation to the paraumbilical veins, where
      they anastomose with veins of the caval system.

PMID- 963465
TI  - Perforation of ileal duplication in old age.

PMID- 963466
TI  - Time course of changes in concentration of some plasma components after
      frusemide.

PMID- 963467
TI  - Further nursing care in general practice.

PMID- 963468
TI  - Career preferences of doctors graduating in 1974.
AB  - Questionnaires were sent to all 2348 doctors who had graduated from medical
      schools in England, Scotland, and Wales in 1974 asking about their career
      preferences. Most were in their second preregistration post, and the response
      rate was 86-1%. The most popular first choice of career was general practice (665
      of the responders; 32-9%), followed by medicine (454; 22-5%), surgery (321; 15
      9%), and paediatrics (129; 6-4%). Only 507 of the responders (25-1%), however,
      stated that their preference was "definite". First choices differed widely
      between men and women graduates and between graduates of different medical
      schools.

PMID- 963469
TI  - XVII-Some non-parametric tests.

PMID- 963470
TI  - Genetic counselling and genetic registers.

PMID- 963471
TI  - Metabolic bone disease in Asians.

PMID- 963472
TI  - Cancer of the oesophagus.

PMID- 963473
TI  - Hazards of smallpox vaccination.

PMID- 963474
TI  - Replacement of the knee joint.

PMID- 963475
TI  - Rheumatoid atlantoazial subluxation.

PMID- 963476
TI  - Oral irritation with gentian violet.

PMID- 963477
TI  - Hypoglycaemia in children undergoing operations.

PMID- 963479
TI  - Thyrotoxic vomiting.

PMID- 963478
TI  - Lung cancer and smoking: is there proof.

PMID- 963480
TI  - Out-of-hours calls in general practice.

PMID- 963481
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome in the blind.

PMID- 963482
TI  - Porcine dermis dressing versus Bisgaard therapy for leg ulcers.

PMID- 963483
TI  - Volvulus of the small bowel in a diabetic patient.

PMID- 963484
TI  - Acute gastric dilatation after trauma.

PMID- 963485
TI  - Effects of pethidine on the newborn.

PMID- 963486
TI  - Extrapyramidal side effects of lithium treatment.

PMID- 963487
TI  - Pyloric stenosis and sustained-release iron tablets.

PMID- 963488
TI  - A hazard of apple-eating.

PMID- 963489
TI  - Doctors, contraception, and sterilisation.

PMID- 963490
TI  - Medical manpower and hospital staffing.

PMID- 963491
TI  - Animal model studies of genital chlamydial infections. Immunity to re-infection
      with guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis agent in the urethra and eye of male
      guinea-pigs.
AB  - A previous report demonstrated that male guinea-pigs could be infected in the
      urethra with guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) agent and that the
      infection was transmitted during mating from infected males to females. In the
      experiments reported here, inoculation of male guinea-pigs in the urethra with
      GPIC organisms resulted in infection which subsided spontaneously in about 2
      weeks. Males were demonstrated to be completely resistant to urethral challenge
      with 10(3)ID50 when tested 6 weeks after urethral infection. These guinea-pigs,
      immune to re-infection of the urethra, remained susceptible to infection of the
      eye, but this ocular infection was shorter in duration than that in previously
      uninfected control animals. Infection in the eye resulted in immunity to both
      ocular and urethral infection when animals were challenged 6 weeks after the
      ocular infection.

PMID- 963492
TI  - Distribution of eight serotypes of Ureaplasma urealyticum in cases of non
      gonococcal urethritis and of gonorrhoea, and in healthy persons.
AB  - The isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum was 57 per cent. from 47 patients
      with non-gonococcal urethritis, 40 per cent. from forty patients with gonorrhoea,
      47 per cent from healthy sailors, and 53 per cent. from healthy students and
      laboratory technicians. No difference in distribution of eight serotypes among 45
      isolates from these groups was demonstrated and no particular serotype could be
      correlated with disease symptoms.

PMID- 963494
TI  - Editorial: Diarrhoea in neonates.

PMID- 963493
TI  - Treatment of trichomoniasis in females with and without gonorrhoea.
AB  - 46 women with trichomoniasis and gonorrhea were treated with nimorazole (300 mg
      twice daily for 7 days) and a trichomonal cure rate of 90-2 per cent. was noted.
      In addition, 53 of 112 patients with trichomoniasis but without gonorrhoea, were
      treated with metronidazole (200 mg three times a day for 7 days) and 59 with
      nimorazole (300 mg twice daily for 7 days) in a randomized trial. The cure rates
      were 96 and 90-5 per cent. respectively. There was no significant difference in
      the results noted in the two groups. Neither the trichomonal infection itself nor
      the result of antitrichomonal therapy was affected by antigonococcal therapy (one
      day treatment with ampicillin or single-dose therapy with doxycycline). No
      increase was noted in the frequency of candidiasis after antitrichomonal therapy
      (in patients without gonorrhoea) or after antigonococcal therapy, but there was
      substantial variation between consecutive specimens in the prevalence of C.
      albicans.

PMID- 963495
TI  - Brucella abortus infection in sheep. II. Experimental infection of ewes.

PMID- 963496
TI  - The behaviour of lambs on the first day after birth.

PMID- 963497
TI  - The serological classification of streptococci isolated from diseased pigs.

PMID- 963498
TI  - Technique for arterial and mixed venous blood sampling in working saddle horses.

PMID- 963499
TI  - Salmonella infection and contamination of veal calves: a slaughterhouse survey.

PMID- 963500
TI  - Experimental Border disease in sheep: dose-response effect.

PMID- 963501
TI  - Small intestinal infusion studies in the calf.

PMID- 963502
TI  - Infectious necrotic hepatitis of sheep: an epidemiological survey on Welsh farms.

PMID- 963503
TI  - A technique for the investigation of the action of drugs on the neuromuscular
      junction in the intact horse.

PMID- 963505
TI  - A view of specialization within veterinary practice.

PMID- 963504
TI  - Some biological factors affecting survival, with particular relation to farm
      animals.

PMID- 963506
TI  - Radiographic studies on the developing feline skull. I. The foetal skull.

PMID- 963507
TI  - The application of imidocarb dipropionate for the control of Theileria annulata
      infection in Egyptian cattle used for testing rinderpest vaccine.

PMID- 963508
TI  - The derivation of gnotobiotic calves by a hysterotomy and slaughter technique.

PMID- 963509
TI  - Milk iodine content as an estimate of the dietary iodine status of sheep.

PMID- 963510
TI  - Rapeseed meal as a protein supplement in the diet of growing and fattening pigs.

PMID- 963511
TI  - Relationships between teat shape, production and mastitis in Friesian cows.

PMID- 963512
TI  - Persistent infection of cattle with the herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever
      and observations on the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 963513
TI  - Surveys of bovine blood chemistry in Scotland. II. Serum proteins, cholesterol,
      calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium.

PMID- 963514
TI  - Irradiated Eimeria brunetti, E. necatrix and E. tenella in the simultaneous
      immunization of chickens.

PMID- 963515
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity in bovine and ovine erythrocytes in relation to
      blood selenium concentration.

PMID- 963516
TI  - Pregnancy diagnosis in the cow from milk progesterone concentration.

PMID- 963517
TI  - A note on the statistical aspects of pregnancy diagnosis.

PMID- 963518
TI  - Milk progesterone as a parameter for fertility control in cattle; methodological
      approaches and present status of application in Germany.

PMID- 963519
TI  - Relationship between milk progesterone concentration and milk yield, fat and
      total nitrogen content.

PMID- 963520
TI  - Factors affecting progesterone in milk for pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle.

PMID- 963521
TI  - Use of progesterone concentrations in plasma and milk in the diagnosis of
      pregnancy in domestic cattle.

PMID- 963522
TI  - The use of milk progesterone radioimmunoassay in the diagnosis and treatment of
      subfertility in dairy cows.

PMID- 963523
TI  - The establishment and operation of a central laboratory for pregnancy testing in
      cows.

PMID- 963524
TI  - Early diagnosis of non-pregnancy in cattle: the first eighteen months of a
      commercial service.

PMID- 963525
TI  - Progesterone assays of milk and the control of infertility.

PMID- 963526
TI  - Clinical application of the progesterone-in-milk test.

PMID- 963527
TI  - Prospects and problems of pregnancy and fertility diagnosis in the pig by aid of
      progesterone determination.

PMID- 963528
TI  - Effects of x-radiation on the spinal cord: an experimental study of the
      morphological changes in central nerve fibres.
AB  - The morphological changes in central nerve fibres after irradiation have been
      studied in the spinal cord of young adult rats exposed to 100-6 000 rad doses of
      250 kV x-rays using the technique of single fibre teasing as well as conventional
      light and electronmicroscopic examination of cord sections. Two groups of
      degenerative changes were found in myelinated fibres. The first consisted of
      breakdown of paranodal myelin and nodal widening. These changes were found as
      early as two weeks after exposure to 500-6 000 rad doses and increased in
      frequency with dose and time in the first two months after irradiation. Paranodal
      myelin breakdown was less frequent after two months but nodal widening was more
      prominent. Increasing numbers of thinly myelinated fibres were found after three
      months suggesting that paranodal demyelination was followed by remyelination.
      This early group of changes confined to the myelin sheath provides a possible
      pathological basis for the self-limited sensory syndrome which sometimes occurs
      within a few weeks or months of irradiation of the spinal cord in man. The second
      type of change which was also first detected as early as two weeks after
      irradiation and which appears to be unrelated to the first, consisted of random
      Wallerian-type degeneration of fibres of all calibres in the spinal white matter.
      The number of affected fibres was initially small but increased with time and
      there was no clear dose relationship. This random fibre degeneration is probably
      the forerunner of the later-occurring delayed radionecrosis of the spinal cord
      which other workers have found to occur with a latent period of up to twelve
      months after exposure to doses exceeding 1900 rads to the rat.

PMID- 963529
TI  - Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity.
AB  - Two cases of encephalomyelitis are described in which the major clinical
      manifestation was muscular rigidity and stimulus-sensitive muscular spasms. It is
      suggested, from pathological evidence, that this rigidity was of spinal origin,
      and that this disorder is a rare but recognizable entity. Comparison is made with
      previously reported cases of rigidity of spinal origin, including encephalitis
      lethargica, and with 'subacute myoclonic spinal neuronitis' and the 'stiff man
      syndrome.'

PMID- 963530
TI  - Delayed visual perception and delayed visual evoked potentials in the spinal form
      of multiple sclerosis and in retrobulbar neuritis.
AB  - (1) We have used both subjective and evoked potential tests to study cases of
      multiple sclerosis with no history of retrobulbar neuritis (spinal patients) and
      compared them with patients with multiple sclerosis who had experienced an attack
      of retrobulbar neuritis (RBN). We measured the delay of steady-state evoked
      potentials (EPs) elicited by flicker in the medium-frequency (13-25 c/s) range,
      by flicker in the high-frequency (30-60 c/s) range, and by pattern-reversal. We
      also measured the delay in seeing (perceiving) both an increase of light
      intensity and a decrease of light intensity. (2) The difference between
      perceptual delays for the left and right eyes (D s) was abnormal when retrobulbar
      neuritis affected only one eye (22/22 patients) even when acuity and discs were
      normal. It might be supposed that this perceptual test would be ineffective when
      both eyes were affected by retrobulbar neuritis. However, the value of D was
      abnormal in cases of bilateral retrobulbar neuritis (5/5 patients). Probably the
      principal reason is that demyelination was patchy in the patients studied. For
      this same reason the difference between perceptual delays for two sites in the
      visual field (T s) may also be abnormal. In principle the perceptual delay test
      can be effective even when both eyes are similarly delayed: abnormal values of T
      were recorded in 5 spinal patients for whom D was normal. (3) Perceptual delays
      were measured for an extended group of 19 patients suffering from spinal multiple
      sclerosis. Taking both D and T into account, the perceptual delay test alone
      picked out 12/19 spinal patients. The perceptual delay test has the advantage
      over EP tests that it can detect islands of demyelination as small as 3 degrees
      diameter, and the apparatus is cheap and straightforward to use. (4) Thirteen
      patients with spinal multiple sclerosis, including 6 with no ocular signs or
      symptoms, were examined with a battery of two evoked potential and one perceptual
      test. Ten patients had clearly abnormal visual delays. Results for the remaining
      3 were equivocal. Delay tests can reveal visual damage in most patients who have
      not experienced an attack of RBN as well as in practically all patients who have
      experienced an attack. (5) Correlations between the results of the various tests
      were different in spinal patients and in multiple sclerosis patients who had
      experienced an attack of retrobulbar neuritis. Flicker EPs, pattern EPs and
      visual perception were all delayed in every RBN patient, whereas for spinal
      patients different tests could pick up different patients. Flicker EPs picked up
      5/13 spinal patients, pattern EPs 6/13, perceptual delay (D) picked up 4/13 and
      perceptual delay T picked up 7/13. (6) Delay tests divided spinal multiple
      sclerosis patients into two fairly distinct groups. In one group pattern EPs and
      perception were delayed; in the other group flicker EPs were delayed. This
      grouping corresponded to a clinical distinction between long-standing patients
      with visual signs and recent patients without visual signs...

PMID- 963531
TI  - Aluminium, neurofibrillary degeneration and Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Aluminium is neurotoxic and results in the proliferation of 100 A diameter
      filaments in the cytoplasm of certain neurons. The aluminium concentration for 7
      normal human brains was 1-9 +/- 0-7 SD mug/g dry weight (n = 208 samples). The
      aluminium content of 585 areas sampled in 10 post-mortem cases of Alzheimer's
      disease ranging in age from 50 to 88 years, in which the diagnosis was based on
      the specific histological appearances, revealed an elevated aluminium content in
      some regions. A range of 0-4 - 107-0 mug/g was encountered and 28 per cent of all
      regions sampled had concentrations in excess of 4 mug/g. Five of 6 cerebral
      biopsies from patients with Alzheimer's disease also had elevated aluminium
      content. In 2 additional Alzheimer's brains with neurofibrillary degeneration
      restricted to certain anatomical areas, elevated aluminium content was found to
      be associated with neurofibrillary degeneration and not with senile plaques.
      Furthermore, elevated aluminium content in multiple cortical regions was not
      found in 2 vascular dementias of the elderly. While the cytotoxic concentration
      for human neurons is unknown, the cytotoxic concentration for cat's cerebral
      neurons appears to lie between 4 and 6 mug/g dry weight.

PMID- 963532
TI  - The neuropathology of progressive rubella panencephalitis of late onset.
AB  - The clinicopathological changes in a case of progressive rubella panencephalitis
      of late onset have been presented. The prominent pathological findings in the
      brain included diffuse destruction of white matter with perivascular inflammatory
      cells and gliosis, moderate neuronal loss, numerous amorphous vascular deposits
      in the white matter and severe generalized cerebellar atrophy. These changes are
      compared and contrasted with those found in congenital rubella and other latent
      viral illnesses.

PMID- 963533
TI  - Benign myopathy, with autosomal dominant inheritance. A report on three
      pedigrees.
AB  - Three pedigrees are described in which 28 living siblings suffered from a benign
      myopathy. The first symptoms were observed around the fifth year of life. The
      proximal muscles were more involved than the distal muscles, the extensors more
      than the flexors. Due to a marked paresis of the extensor digitorum communis
      muscles 22 patients showed a flexion contracture of the interphalangeal joints of
      the last four fingers. In addition 20 patients showed a flexion contracture of
      the elbows and 12 patients had a plantar flexion contracture of the ankles. A
      high incidence of congenital torticollis was found. The histopathological
      features were non-specific and remarkably uniform and consisted of a marked
      variation in muslce fibre diameter and a very marked increase of fatty tissue.
      Light-microscopy and electronmicroscopy did not show any specific structural
      changes. There was normal distribution of type I and type II fibres, without type
      grouping or preferential atrophy of one of the fibre types. Lobulated type I
      fibres were found in 6 out of 12 biopsies. Post-mortem study of one case did not
      show any convincing features of a neurogenic disorder. As no relationship could
      be found between the siblings of the 3 pedigrees as far back as the beginning of
      the eighteenth century, this myopathy seemed to be a new nosological entity.

PMID- 963534
TI  - Transplantation of central and peripheral monoamine neurons to the adult rat
      brain: techniques and conditions for survival.
AB  - The conditions for survival of transplants of peripheral and central monoamine
      neurons in the adult rat brain were studied using fluorescence histochemistry.
      Pieces of the superior cervical ganglion from newborn and adult rats and CNS
      tissue containing noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and indolamine (IA) neurons
      from embryonic, newborn and adult rats were transplanted to various brain sites
      using different techniques: insertion of the graft by means of a glass rod, by
      "injection", or by direct implantation of the graft in a resection cavity. Three
      principally different locations for the graft were tested: within the brain
      parenchyma in the caudal diencephalon and the caudate nucleus; onto the dorsal
      surface of the caudate nucleus; and onto the pial covering in the choroidal
      fissure after removal of the overlying cortex and parts of the hippocampal
      formation. Attempts were also made to transplant to the dorsal surface of the
      caudate nucleus or the hippocampus with the aid of an "artificial" vascular bed,
      achieved by previous transplantation of an iris. Consistent survival of the
      transplanted central and peripheral neurons was obtained only when the transplant
      was placed in contact with a vessel-rich tissue, such as the pia in the choroidal
      fissure or the "artificial" vascular bed. While the majority of the monoamine
      containing neurons in the transplants died within the first month after
      transplantation, a significant number of neurons (up to about 150 in the
      ganglionic pieces and up to about 500 in the embryonic or newborn CNS pieces)
      survived for at least half a year in the brain. Survival of transplanted adult
      central monoamine neurons was not observed. A substantial outgrowth of axons was
      observed from all types of neurons in their new location. These newly formed
      fibers formed extensive fiber patterns within the transplant itself, around pia
      vessels, and within the adjacent brain tissue, above all in the hippocampal
      formation. The usefulness of the present transplantation technique for the
      exploration of mechanisms underlying reformation of axonal connections in the
      adult mammalian CNS is discussed.

PMID- 963535
TI  - Pathways linking L-phenylalanine and 2-phenylethylamine with p-tyramine in rabbit
      brain.
AB  - Concentrations of labeled p-tyramine and 2-phenylethylamine were measured in
      rabbit brain 10 min after the intraventricular administration of either
      radioactive amine. In both cases the recoveries of the newly synthesized amine
      and of the unchanged precursor were significantly increased in animals pretreated
      with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline. Significant amounts of both
      amines were present in rabbit brain 10 min after the intraventricular injection
      of labeled L-phenylalanine. Pretreatment with pargyline increased their
      recoveries, whereas alpha-methyldopa (an L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
      enzyme inhibitor, L-AAADI) decreased them considerably, and no significant
      alteration was found in L-alpha-methyldopa hydrazine (a peripheral L-AAADI)
      pretreated animals. These results provide evidence for a new biochemical pathway
      in brain for p-tyramine biosynthesis, with L-phenylalanine (bypassing the
      formation of L-tyrosine) or 2-phenylethylamine as precursors. The significance
      and implications of these metabolic routes are discussed, especially considering
      that p-tyramine itself can be converted to catecholamines.

PMID- 963536
TI  - Ganglioside localization in cerebellar cortex: an immunoperoxidase study with
      antibody to GM1 ganglioside.

PMID- 963537
TI  - Dynamic properties of mechanoreceptor neurons mediating the defensive gill
      withdrawal reflex in Aplysia.

PMID- 963538
TI  - Pre- and postsynaptic action of substance P at the Mauther fiber-giant fiber
      synapse in the hatchetfish.

PMID- 963539
TI  - The action of acetylcholine and L-glutamic acid on rat caudate neurons.

PMID- 963540
TI  - Relative convulsant potencies of structural analogues of penicillin.

PMID- 963541
TI  - Properties and subcellular inter-relationships of presumptive estrogen receptor
      macromolecules in the brains of neonatal and prepubertal female rats.

PMID- 963542
TI  - An autoradiographic study of changes in relative incorporation of [3H]-methionine
      in nuclei of the amygdala and related brain areas of male, female and
      androgenised females prior to puberty.

PMID- 963543
TI  - Adaptation of the liquid cation exchange method for the assay of 3,4-dihydroxy-L
      phenylalanine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxylases in rat brain.

PMID- 963544
TI  - Effect of temperature on postsynaptic potentials of cat spinal motoneurones.
AB  - The effect of spinal cord temperature on excitatory postsynaptic potentials
      (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) were measured by means of
      intracellular recordings from lumbar motoneurones of 43 cats. While body
      temperature and oil bath temperature were maintained between 37 and 38 degrees C,
      the temperature of the spinal segment under investigation was changed separately
      in the range between 30 and 42 degrees C. Cooling consistently produced an
      increase in amplitude and duration of both, mono- and poly-synaptic EPSPs and
      recurrent and direct IPSPs. Warming caused the opposite effect. The input
      resistance of the motoneurones was inversely related to the spinal cord
      temperature, while the latency of action potentials produced by intracellular
      injection of outward current was directly and exponentially related to spinal
      temperature. Although the data do not provide a quantitative differentiation of
      pre- versus postsynaptic temperature effects, they are consistent with the notion
      that temperature dependent changes on postsynaptic membrane properties contribute
      to the observed PSP changes. It is further suggested that similar postsynaptic
      temperature effects may be concerned in temperature sensitivity of proposed
      specific central neurones.

PMID- 963545
TI  - Changes in multiunit activity and EEG induced by the administration of natural
      progestins to flaxedil immobilized cats.
AB  - The effects of progesterone (P) and 7 of its metabolites on the EEG and multiunit
      activity (MUA) of various limbic structures were studied in flaxedil immobilized
      cats. Most progestins inhibited the MUA of the mesencephalic reticular formation,
      hippocampus and hypothalamus and induced cortical EEG synchronization. MUA
      changes in the mesencephalic reticular formation frequently preceded EEG
      synchronization. Progestins reduced in the 5 beta postition (pregnanolone,
      epipregnanolone and pregnanedion) inhibited neuronal discharge and synchronized
      EEG activity with shorter latencies and in lower doses than those reduced in the
      5 alpha position (allopregnanolone and allopregnanedion). Progestins having the
      delta 4,3-keto structure (P, 20 alpha-hydroxy pregnenone, 20 beta-hydroxy
      pregnenone) induced electrophysiological changes with prolonged latencies and in
      doses significantly higher than ring A reduced progestins. Administration of
      epipregnanolone to "cerveau isole" preparations depressed neuronal firing in
      those structures located rostral to the level of the brain stem transection
      (hypothalamus, hippocampus), but failed to increase the already synchronized
      cortical activity. These results suggest that: a, ring A reduction increases the
      capacity of P and other delta 4,3-keto progestins to inhibit neuronal discharge
      in certain brain areas and b, changes in neuronal firing induced by progestins
      are not necessarily mediated through the cat brain stem reticular formation.

PMID- 963546
TI  - Systematic examination in the rat of brain sites sensitive to the direct
      application of morphine: observation of differential effects within the
      periaqueductal gray.
AB  - An extensive mapping of the rat brain (403 sites) ranging from AP +8 to AP -3
      revealed that the region showing maximum sensitivity to the intracerebral
      administration of morphine in the elevation of the nociceptive threshold lay
      within the periaqueductal gray. Analysis of the distribution of responsive sites
      indicated that the most active sites, those having the shortest latency of
      effect, were located within the ventrolateral aspect of the caudal periaqueductal
      gray. These antinociceptive actions of morphine were observed to be both dose
      dependent and reversible by the administration of naloxone. We observed that
      microinjections of morphine could produce changes in the pinch withdrawal
      response which were distributed in a crude somatotopic fashion. Injections into
      the rostral aspect of the periaqueductal gray yielded a block of the pinch
      response in the rostral portions of the body, whereas such injections into the
      caudal periaqueductal gray always yielded a whole body analgesia. In the rostral
      sites, transient ipsilateral blocks of the pinch response were occasionally seen.
      A pinch block limited to the hind paws alone was never observed. It is suggested
      that morphine acting through the periaqueductal gray may actuate a potent
      supraspinal modulatory system related to the transmission of information derived
      from behaviorally aversive stimuli.

PMID- 963547
TI  - A quantitative autoradiographic and electrophysiological study of the
      reinnervation of the dentate gyrus by the contralateral entorhinal cortex
      following ipsilateral entorhinal lesions.
AB  - The post-lesion proliferation of contralateral enthorhinal afferents which occurs
      in response to ipsilateral entorhinal lesions was quantitatively analyzed with
      autoradiographic and electrophysiological techniques. In both cases, the extent
      of the crossed projection to the dentate granule cells was quantified on the
      basis of a contralateral/ipsilateral (C/I) ratio. Autoradiographic measures of
      grain density in the entorhinal terminal field indicates that the very sparse
      crossed entorhinal projection in intact animals proliferates approximately 6-fold
      following unilateral entorhinal lesions (on the basis of an increased C/I ratio
      of grain density in animals with long standing unilater entorhinal lesions).
      Furthermore, the total number of grains in the entorhinal terminal zone (obtained
      by subtracting background from non-terminal regions) also increases approximately
      6-fold, indicating that compression of the neuropil cannot be the factor
      responsible for the increased grain density. These increases in the anatomical
      extent of the crossed projection as a consequence of unilateral entorhinal
      lesions are also reflected electrophysiologically. In operated animals, the C/I
      ratio of the extracellular population EPSP (a measure of the synaptic current
      generated by the crossed projections) also increase 5-8 fold. In addition, while
      in normal animals, no population spikes are observed following stimulation of the
      contralateral entorhinal area (indicating an absence of synchronous grnaule cell
      discharge in response to contralateral entorhinal input), such population spikes
      are quite prominent in the reinnervated dentate gyrus, indicating a large
      increase in the effective synaptic drive of the proliferated crossed projections.

PMID- 963548
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of the projection from the contralateral entorhinal
      cortex to the dentate gyrus in normal rats.
AB  - The projection from the contralateral entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus is
      shown to exert a monosynaptic excitatory action. Stimulation of the contralateral
      entorhinal cortex evokes unitary granule cell discharges in the dentate gyrus.
      This evoked activity is followed by a period of inhibition lasting about 50 msec.
      Laminar analyses of field potentials generated by contralateral medial entorhinal
      stimulation localize the synaptic activity to the middle portion of the granule
      cell dendrites. This localization is consistent with the termination site of the
      contralateral entorhinal projection as previously shown anatomically. Earlier
      studies have indicated that the entorhinal cortex excites only the ipsilateral
      dentate gyrus. These findings now demonstrate that the cortical input to the
      dentate gyrus is bilateral in normal rats. However, the contralateral projection
      appears to be much less efficacious than the ipsilateral input.

PMID- 963549
TI  - Discharge patterns of bulbo-pontine respiratory unit populations in cat.
AB  - Respiration related units (RRU) were recorded during a stratigraphic exploration
      of medulla and pons from the cervical junction to the caudal part of the
      pneumotaxic system in the semi-chronic locally anesthetized 'isolated respiratory
      centre' of the cat. Metal 'low impedance, capacitance compensated'
      microelectrodes recorded multi-unit signals from which unitary discharges were
      discriminated and processed by computer; it is suggested that using these
      techniques, the sample was a good representation of the total unit population.
      The phase relation to phrenic discharge was determined on cycle triggered time
      histograms. Of 23,000 units, 28% had a definite respiratory modulation. Examined
      individually, each RRU showed a stable discharge pattern corresponding to one of
      various respiratory types, the majority of which have been described previously.
      Both temporal and spatial distributions of RRU discharges were analyzed. Temporal
      distribution of peak firing frequencies (PFF) of 5,000 RRU sampled anatomically
      at random showed two main populations whose modes were observed during
      inspiration (I) or expiration (E). Troughs were observed in the histogram at the
      transition from I to E and E to I, thus indicating low probability for finding
      phase spanning RRU in the medulla and pons up to the pneumotaxic level. These
      statistical results turned out to be identical to those obtained with an a priori
      classification method comparable to that used in most of the previous works. In
      addition, the PFF distribution suggested that the E population could be further
      divided into 3 sub-populations whose modes fall in early, mid, and late
      expiration respectively. Comparison of RRU temporal distribution in two regions,
      one rostral, another caudal to a frontal Horsley-Clarke plane situated 3 mm in
      front of the obex, showed that, in the caudal region, 70% of the RRU were I
      units, while, in the rostral medulla and pons, equal proportions of I and E
      neurons were found. Temporal distribution of RRU peak frequencies was studied
      separately in anatomical structures where the probability of finding RRU was
      high. No clear correspondence between RRU types and anatomy could be found, but
      marked differences between structures were observed, thus suggesting nevertheless
      a different spatial distribution for I and E populations.

PMID- 963550
TI  - Three dimensional representation of bulbo-pontine respiratory networks
      architecture from unit density maps.
AB  - Results of the preceding paper32 suggest that bulbo-pontine respiration related
      units (RRU) could be classed into 4 populations according to the relation of
      their peak firing frequency to the respiratory cycle: one inspiratory (I) and 3
      expiratory (E) (early, mid and late). A further study of their spatial
      distribution is reported. Recorded units totalling 26,520 were distributed
      through a matrix of unitary cubes of which about 2,000 were found within the
      limits of the medulla and pons. Both percentage and density of respiratory and
      non-respiratory units were estimated in each cube. Statistical analysis of unit
      distribution showed a high probability of finding RRU in certain regions. The
      probability of finding I and E units in separate cubes was high, whereas there
      was no probability better than chance for recording one of the 3 E types
      separately from the 2 others. Therefore, only two populations, I and E, could be
      considered for spatial analysis. A thresholding technique applied to I and E unit
      density figures in unitary cubes demonstrated a definite limit for I and E
      populations. A computerized, three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the outer
      surfaces of the I and E networks showed that half a medullary system consisted of
      2 contiguous and uninterrupted columns extending from the cervical junction up to
      the pneumotaxic system. The main body of the I population was found in the caudal
      third and dorsolateral part of the bulbopontine region, while the main body of
      the E population was in the middle third in a ventromedial position. Both have
      caudal and rostral extensions that run parallel to the main axis of the brainstem
      and give rise to several lateral branches; these lie in close contact and
      interdigitate extensively, especially in the rostral third of the bulbopontine
      region. From the outer limits of I and E networks, a progressive increase of unit
      density levels was observed towards the core; it showed that inside both I and E
      populations, RRU aggregate into high density foci (HDF). Large HDF were found in
      the main body of each population. Smaller HDF were observed scattered throughout
      the medulla; I, and to a lesser extent E, HDF invade and surround sensory and
      motor nuclei and roots of the branchial nerves.

PMID- 963551
TI  - Acid phosphatase in rat neurohypophyseal dispersions and its fractions enriched
      for neurosecretosomes and pituicytes after water deprivation and lactation.
AB  - Neurohypophyseal dispersions and fractions enriched for neurosecretosomes and
      pituicytes were prepared from rats subjected to 6 days of water deprivation and 9
      10 days of lactation as stimuli of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS).
      After water deprivation the content of the fractions changed in such a way that
      the neurosecretosomes, and to a lesser extent also the pituicytes, accumulated at
      a lower density within the gradient used for separation. Stimulation by means of
      lactation did not show such changes when a comparison was made with dioestrus.
      Microchemical and histochemical tests for acid phosphatase showed that most of
      the activity in the controls was present in the neurosecretosomes. A rough
      calculation, which takes into account the different yields for the dispersion
      elements, showed a rather equal distribution for acid phosphatase activity
      between axonal and pituicytic compartments of the intact neurohypophysis. The
      known acid phosphatase activity response of the neural lobe after HNS
      stimulation, which was also detectable in the dispersion, resulted
      histochemically in an increased staining intensity for both neurosecretosomes and
      pituicytes, but with microassay it was distributed along a gradient similar to
      oxytocin. It was therefore concluded that this lysosomal enzyme response within
      the neurophypophysis is preferentially localized in the neurohypophysis is
      preferentially localized in the neurosecretory axons.

PMID- 963552
TI  - Sleep and motor activity of the rat during ultra-short light-dark cycles.
AB  - The vigilance states and motor activity of the rat were recorded during
      ultrashort light-dark (LD) cycles. The LD schedules were the following: 10 min
      light -- 10 min dark (LD 10:10), LD 7.5:7.5, LD 5:5 and LD 2.5:2.5. With all
      short LD schedules, paradoxical sleep (PS) and high motor activity occurred more
      frequently during dark periods than during light. PS and motor activity were
      rapidly enhanced by darkness and inhibited by light, whereas the percentages of
      total sleep and slow wave sleep were only gradually decreased during the dark
      periods and increased during light. Compared to the LD 12h:12h control days,
      sleep was enhanced by all short LD schedules, an effect that was most marked in
      the circadian phase of maximum waking (corresponding to the LD 12h:12h dark
      period). The short LD cycles interacted with an intrinsic sleep cycle, whose
      period is approximately 10 min. Interval histograms of PS episodes showed that an
      optimal synchronization of the ultradian sleep rhythm is achieved when the period
      of the LD cycle or its multiple correspond also to 10 min. It is suggested that
      the response of PS and motor activity to changes in illumination may be due to
      common mechanisms.

PMID- 963553
TI  - Evidence for banding of the cat's ipsilateral retinotectal connection.

PMID- 963554
TI  - Brain catecholamines: detection in vivo by means of differential pulse
      voltammetry at surface-modified platinum electrodes.

PMID- 963555
TI  - Tryptamine-N-methyltransferase activity in brain tissue: a re-examination.

PMID- 963556
TI  - [Pregraduate medical education in the Soviet Union. Bratisl. lek. listy, 65,
      1976, no.4 (author's transl)].

PMID- 963557
TI  - [Hiparthrodesis in our clinical material (author's transl)].

PMID- 963558
TI  - [Critical evaluation of some laboratory parameters of derangements in calcium,
      magnesium and phosphorus metabolism in patients treated by chronic intermittent
      haemodialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 963559
TI  - [Effect of corticosterone, glucagon and growth hormone on gastrointestinal
      propulsive motility in rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 963560
TI  - [Contribution to diagnosis of early stages of pregnancy (author's transl)].

PMID- 963561
TI  - [Some endogenous factors in the mechanism of closure of ductus arteriosus
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 963562
TI  - [Follow-up study of patients with a viral hepatitis history (with regard to
      possible sequelae) (author's transl)].

PMID- 963563
TI  - [Effect of allopurinol on the increase of uric acid and ammonia serum levels
      after physical load in healthy subjects (author's transl)].

PMID- 963564
TI  - [Mental development in children following obstetric operations (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 963565
TI  - [Trichostrongylidosis in man--the first autochthonous cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 963566
TI  - [Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the extremities].

PMID- 963567
TI  - Methionine supplementation of low protein diets for broiler chicks in the
      tropics.
AB  - In the first experiment, diets containing 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 or 24% protein with
      no methionine supplementation were tested, while in the second experiment diets
      containing 16, 18 and 20% supplemented with methionine to give 90, 100 or 110% of
      the recommended N.R.C. levels were compared with an unsupplemented 24% protein
      diet. 2. Methionine supplementation of the low protein diets stimulated faster
      gains than the unsupplemented diets but not enough to surpass the response to the
      24% protein control diet. 3. It was concluded that a high protein diet
      unsupplemented with methionine was more economical to feed to broilers than
      supplemented low protein diets.

PMID- 963568
TI  - The effect of short heat stress upon leucocyte count, plasma corticosterone
      level, plasma and leucocyte ascorbic acid content.
AB  - Cocks were exposed to 1 or 2 h at 24 degrees C; blood samples were taken before
      and immediately after treatment and for a period of 20 h thereafter. 2. Heat
      caused a significant decrease in leucocyte counts, an increase in corticosterone
      concentration in plasma and an increase of ascorbic acid in plasma and in
      leucocytes. 3. These four measures can be used to indicate a stress response and
      the measurements can be done without harming the animal.

PMID- 963569
TI  - Inheritance of body weight and rate of gain in Japanese quail.
AB  - The effects of hatch date, location and sex on the body weight and rate of gain
      in Coturnix coturnix japonica were examined. 2. The data conformed to a mixed and
      adjustments were made for the fixed effects sex, hatch date and location.
      Adjustment improved the precision of the estimates by reducing the error
      variances significantly. 3. Rearing equal numbers of birds from each family at
      different locations made the interactions negligible. 4. Weight gain was greater
      if illumination intensity up to 35 d was less. 5. Females were not heavier on the
      1st day but were heavier on the 14th and 35th days than males. 6. Variance
      components and genetic parameters were estimated.

PMID- 963570
TI  - On estimating non-additive genetic parameters in chickens.
AB  - Several economically important traits in two Leghorn populations (over 9000
      birds) were examined for additive and non-additive components of genetic variance
      and sex-linked effects. Data were analysed by two different statistical models
      based on least-squares procedures. 2. Six different covariances were first
      calculated between relatives; i.e., full-sibs 3/4-sisters, half-sisters, dam
      daughters, grandam-granddaughters and aunt-nieces. 3. From the covariances,
      weighted least-squares equations were used to obtain estimates of variance
      components for additive genetic, dominance, maternal and sex-linkage effects. 4.
      The estimates of non-additive components were highly variable but generally small
      compared with the additive genetic estimates. 5. In general this study suggests
      that for most traits, with the possible exception of rate of egg production,
      there is relatively little non-additive genetic variation. 6. The consequences of
      possible negative correlations between additive effects and maternal effects are
      considered as they might apply to egg production in poultry.

PMID- 963571
TI  - Method of colostomy and cannulation of the chicken.
AB  - A procedure for colostomising birds from 3 weeks to 5 months of age is described.
      2. A plastic cannula was inserted into the fistula 10 d after surgery to keep it
      open. 3. Provided that the cannula was changed regularly at 10-d intervals there
      was no constipation or dilation of the intestine.

PMID- 963572
TI  - Heritabilities and genetic correlations in related dwarf and normal broiler
      populations.
AB  - Heritability estimates were higher for 8-week body weight in dwarf than in normal
      broiler populations due to the maternal effects of dwarf dams. 2. The dwarfing
      gene dw did not induce new genetic variability for egg weight, 30-week body
      weight and age at sexual maturation. 3. Genetic correlation estimates showed that
      the selection for 8-week body weight will increase egg weight in dwarf pullets
      more than in normals. 4. Within a dwarf population it should be possible to
      increase 8-week body weight without influencing the mature size of pullets.

PMID- 963573
TI  - Neutron diffraction studies of vertebrate striated muscle.

PMID- 963574
TI  - Neutron diffraction analysis of the structure of retinal photoreceptor membranes
      and rhodopsin.

PMID- 963575
TI  - Direct methods for the analysis of lamellar neutron diffraction from oriented
      multilayers: a difference Patterson deconvolution approach.
AB  - We have described here a direct method for the solution of the phase problem for
      lamellar neutron diffraction from hydrated oriented multilayers of model
      membranes. As a result, the neutron-scattering profiles of such model membranes
      can be uniquely determined. We note that such methods can easily be extended to
      cases in which the thickness of the water layer w is somewhat greater than d/2 as
      long as it is substantially less than d [e.g., w less than 3d/4 would suffice,
      since deltaP(-d/4 less than or equal to x less than or equal to d/4) would
      contain only contributions from see article without overlapping contributions
      from see articles and to cases in which isotopic labeling is used instead of
      partial H2O-D2O exchange.

PMID- 963576
TI  - Neutron diffraction studies of oriented retinal rods.

PMID- 963577
TI  - The structure of carbon monoxide myoglobin: real-space refinement.
AB  - The refinement results in optimum positioning of atoms in the density in most
      cases, and the juxtaposition of positive and negative density leads to high
      contrast in the maps and rapid convergence of the refinement. The real-space
      technique is particularly useful in handling the problem of peak overlap, which
      is difficult in the neutron case. All refinements to date have been done on the
      original map, which was phased without hydrogen and deuterium atoms, but the next
      series of refinements will contain H and D atoms, hydrogen exchange information,
      and structured water molecules. Comparison of the refinements of CO, Mb and met
      Mb have shown the iron atom to move nearly into the heme plane. No deuterium atom
      exists to bond the distal histidine to the CO ligand. Atomic coordinates of all
      atoms and water molecules will be published on completion of the refinements.

PMID- 963578
TI  - Use of the tangent formula for the refinement of neutron protein data.
AB  - The tangent refinement technique has been shown to work marginally for protein
      neutron data, at least to the extent that the images of all atoms except hydrogen
      are sharpened. However, the process is very sensitive to over-refinement, and all
      the maps were sharpened excessively. Refinements in the squared structure were
      more stable, and the maps were somewhat better than those from the original
      structure refinement. This technique might be helpful in certain instances, but
      the poor quality of the maps prevents it from being generally useful. Perhaps the
      tangent refinement technique will be more fruitful in application to neutron
      protein data when experimental phase information is available.

PMID- 963579
TI  - Small-angle scattering of proteins in solution.

PMID- 963580
TI  - The scattering of neutrons by catalase: a study of molecules, subunits, and
      tubules.

PMID- 963581
TI  - Neutron-scattering studies of chromatin.

PMID- 963582
TI  - A neutron television camera detector.
AB  - The system under development has a large counting rate capability; this is
      extremely important where the total background count exceeds the total counts in
      the signals of interest. Its spatial resolution is of the order of one mm, which
      is perfectly adequate for neutron work, while the screen size of 400 mm is
      reasonable. The main limitation of the system is its limited counting efficiency,
      and this is directly attributable to the optical self-absorption of the neutron
      phosphor. Any newly developed transparent phosphor with the same light output
      would immediately change the situation. The success of the electronics hardware
      in reducing random noise is demonstrated in Figure 3, which shows in the bottom
      trace the live video output when the input to the system is a grey-scale test
      chart. The top trace is the output after the image has been digitally integrated.
      Figures 4 and 5 show the monitor outputs of the see articles x-ray system with a
      "still" diffraction pattern of a crystal of GPD (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase). Figure 4 is a photograph of the "live" video display, and Figure
      5 is the digitally summed image. All coherent noise in the system, i.e., all
      noise synchronized with the TV scans has to be kept lower than the first bit
      threshold. However, this requirement can be relaxed when dealing with diffraction
      patterns, such as those from single crystals, for which a local background is
      subtracted from the pattern.

PMID- 963583
TI  - Development of large-area, position-sensitive neutron detectors.

PMID- 963584
TI  - Fly's eye: a counting camera for thermal neutrons-some applications, problems,
      and prospects.
AB  - An area detector for thermal neutrons based on image intensification techniques
      has been described. Some capabilities and limitations of the detection system
      have been discussed. Among the former are high spatial resolution, high
      instantaneous counting rate, electronic zoom, time-gating, and integration. The
      detector is limited in that the maximum counting rate for a resolution element is
      60 regularly spaced counts per second. Also, the nonuniformity of response over
      the detector puts a limit on the useful size and necessitates point-by-point
      calibration. In addition, a higher efficiency for neutron detection would be
      desirable. Some typical applications of the system are crystal inspection,
      neutron magnetic diffraction topography, and searches for temperature-induced
      changes in diffraction patterns. The future application of solid-state television
      sensors and microchannel-plate intensifiers to improve the system were briefly
      mentioned.

PMID- 963585
TI  - Linear position-sensitive counter system for protein crystallography.

PMID- 963586
TI  - Investigation of biological macromolecular systems with a pulsed neutron source-
      a review.
AB  - The conclusion that can be drawn on the basis of the above considerations is that
      investigation of biological macromolecules and crystalline structures by SAS and
      diffraction of neutrons with the TOF method is feasible. The main difficulties of
      the TOF method (the wavelength dependence of the incident beam, resolution power,
      and detector efficiency; the need for their determination and up-to-date values)
      are compensated for by its advantages. Both methods allow a high data
      accumulation rate and optimal employment of the incident neutron spectrum. The
      latter has been achieved by utilizing a dominant part of the Maxwellian spectrum
      and by a more uniform distribution of statistical accuracy over the most
      informative measuring range. Another advantage is the high degree of
      monochronatization of the incident neutron beam by the TOF method. The rigid
      requirements concerning the data accumulation rate and the capacity of the on
      line system computer memory are technical problems but not basic ones.

PMID- 963587
TI  - Multilayer monochromators for neutron scattering.

PMID- 963588
TI  - Some focusing techniques and their application to low-angle neutron scattering.
AB  - Both imaging and simple converging collimator systems can provide a focused
      neutron beam. Each system has been tested and appears suitable for exploitation.
      Imaging systems employing bent multilayer monochromators can be made simply by
      elastically bending a flat multilayer. The periodic spacing of the multilayer can
      be made to match that of the sample. The converging Soller slit provides a purely
      geometric means of prouducing a focused beam. Wavelength spread and distribution
      across the beam can be controlled separately. Soller-slit technology is further
      advanced than that of multilayers. The experiments sketched above demonstrate
      that converging or focused neutron beams suitable for low-angle scattering work
      can be produced with existing technology. Focusing incurs little or no loss of
      intensity and does not seriously distort the resolution function of a low-angel
      instrument. It permits a small spectrometer to make use of both advanced detector
      technology and large samples and thus to approach the capability of a much larger
      machine.

PMID- 963589
TI  - The analyzer in neutron protein crystallography.
AB  - The use of a pyrolytic graphite analyzer is shown to contribute to the
      cleanliness of a neutron protein crystallographic study. If neutrons of
      approximately 1.5-A wavelength are used, higher orders are reduced by nearly an
      order of magnitude, and background (arising largely from incoherent inelastic
      neutron-proton scattering) is reduced by nearly a factor of five. These
      advantages are gained at the expense of approximately 50% of measured integrated
      intensity and a distortion of integrated intensity with scattering angle. Because
      background scatter is generally large compared with peak reflectivity of a
      protein, the large background reduction by the analyzer more than compensates for
      reduced peak intensity to improve the statistics of most peak reflectivity
      measurements. The luminance function distortion of intensity data is not large,
      produces a slight smearing of atomic scattering density, and can be calculated
      and adjusted for in the data.

PMID- 963590
TI  - A short introduction to resolution errors in solution scattering data.

PMID- 963591
TI  - Data analysis of low-angle diffraction by.one-dimensional crystals.

PMID- 963592
TI  - Dynamics of polypeptide chains.

PMID- 963593
TI  - Inelastic neutron scattering from synthetic and biological polymers.

PMID- 963594
TI  - A  synthesis of partially deuterated cholesterol.

PMID- 963595
TI  - Advantages of neutron scattering for biological structure analysis.

PMID- 963596
TI  - Neutron diffraction analysis of metmyoglobin.

PMID- 963597
TI  - Introduction to the theory of elastic neutron scattering.

PMID- 963598
TI  - Inelastic scattering of neutrons and possible biological applications.
AB  - The field of neutron inelastic scattering has probably been developed to the
      stage where it can begin to help the biologist. Because essentially no
      experimental data have been obtained, it is difficult either to draw conclusions
      or to make forecasts except on the basis of general hypotheses. It seems likely,
      however, that the next stage is up to biologists. After reviewing those
      biological problems in which molecular dynamics might play an important role,
      they should suggest specimens of interest which can give inelastic peaks with
      existing spectrometers operating with 5 to 10-A neutrons at angles greater than
      5degrees and with resolutions of approximately 50 mueV. These specimens may
      involve molecules slightly smaller and more mobile than some biologists would
      like, but a successful outcome might lead to the development of spectrometers
      capable of working in a more satisfactory range. In this event the return may
      well prove rewarding to the biologists.

PMID- 963599
TI  - Influence of pesticides on the activities of some oxidoreductases in the
      miracidia of Fasciola hepatica. Histochemical data.

PMID- 963600
TI  - Modern interpretation of Haeckel's biogenetic law.

PMID- 963601
TI  - Lysozyme level in blood serum of white Leghorn hens from flocks of different size
      depending on the egg-laying cycle.

PMID- 963602
TI  - Electrophoretic characteristics of mitochondrial and cytosol RNA from calf brain.

PMID- 963603
TI  - Change in the biocatalytic activity of blood serum in animals infected with
      parasites. Investigations by the chemiluminescence method.

PMID- 963605
TI  - Serological and haematological investigations in the course of experimental
      Toxocara canis infections in laboratory mice.

PMID- 963604
TI  - Inhibitory effect of pesticides on phosphatase, glucosidase and
      acetylcholinesterase activity in miracidia of Fasciola hepatica. Histochemical
      data.

PMID- 963606
TI  - The middle-weight molecular peptide fraction obtained from rat liver plasma
      membrane-enriched preparation.

PMID- 963607
TI  - The properties of UV-inactivated Measles Virus.

PMID- 963608
TI  - Carotenoids content in some crustaceans from the Baltic Sea.

PMID- 963609
TI  - Tissue culture of isolated epithelial cells of the bovine oviduct.

PMID- 963610
TI  - Baculovirus-like particles in the reproductive tracts of female parasitoid wasps.
AB  - Virus-like particles have been found in specific regions of the reproductive
      tracts of three different braconid wasps, all parasitoids of the tobacco budworm,
      Heliothis virescens. The particles are nuclear in origin, and Feulgen
      cytochemistry of particulate fluid in the calyx and oviducts of one species has
      revealed the presence of DNA. On the basis of apparent structural homologies, it
      is suggested that the parasitoid particles are related to baculoviruses.

PMID- 963611
TI  - Effect of volatile inhibitors from natural and amended soils on germination of
      sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina.
AB  - Studies on volatile soil fungistasis showed that sclerotia of Macrophomina
      phaseolina are not sensitive to volatiles liberated by natural soils with varying
      pH values. Soil amended with alfalfa hay (1%, w/w) liberated volatiles
      fungistatic to sclerotia only when the assay was performed 2 weeks or less after
      amendment. Chitin-amended soils liberated fungistatic volatiles from 1 to 3 weeks
      after amendment. Indirect evidence indicated that ammonia may be the active
      volatile in amended soil. It was concluded that fungistatic volatiles may not
      play an important role in the survival of sclerotia in nature.

PMID- 963612
TI  - Bacteriocins of Streptococcus bovis.
AB  - Forty-seven strains of Streptococcus bovis were tested for bacteriocin
      production. Fourteen were found to produce bacteriocins, while all 47 were
      sensitive to at least one of these bacteriocins. The bacteriocins, on the basis
      of their host range on S. bovis strains, formed six groups. A representative of
      each group was selected and characterized by temperature stability, sensitivity
      to trypsin and lipase, sedimentation by centrifugation, ability to pass through
      dialysis tubing, host range on other bacterial species, and conditions for
      production in liquid media. A correlation between mannitol fermentation and
      bacteriocin production was noted.

PMID- 963613
TI  - Site of action of nonheme iron in the malate (flavine adenine dinucleotide)
      pathway of Mycobacterium phlei.
AB  - Irradiation with ultraviolet light (360 nm) of cell-free extracts, electron
      transport particles, and soluble components from Mycobacterium phlei resulted in
      the loss of malate oxidation by the flavine adenine dinucleotide pathway both in
      cell-free extracts and reconstituted systems. Addition of vitamin K1 restored the
      loss to the extent of 14% and 11% in cell-free extracts and reconstituted systems
      respectively. Electron-transport particles from M. phlei upon reduction with
      malate exhibited electron-paramagnetic resonance signals at g = 2.002 and 1.94,
      characteristic of napthosemiquinone and nonheme iron protein, respectively. Upon
      irradiating the particles with ultraviolet light (360 nm) these signals were not
      observed. Particulate flavine-adenine-dinucleotide-dependent malate dehydrogenase
      (EC 1.1.1.37) of M. phlei assayed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl
      tetrazolium bromide and phenazine methosulfate - 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
      systems, which trap electrons at cytochrome c and at the flavine level
      respectively, was inhibited by o-phenanthroline. These observations suggest that
      nonheme iron protein is sensitive to ultraviolet light (360 nm) and participates
      before or in combination with flavine in the malate (flavine adenine
      dinucleotide) pathway of M. phlei.

PMID- 963614
TI  - Bacterial degradation of ethylene and the acetylene reduction test.

PMID- 963615
TI  - Differences in physicochemical and antigenic properties of chlamydial strains.
AB  - Antigenic analysis of Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis, and Lymphogranuloma
      venereum (LGV) revealed basic physicochemical differences among the three
      chlamydial strains. These were manifested in structural, isoelectric points,
      absorption spectra, and in the characteristics of the chromophobe-containing
      proteins. The effective period of sonication for C. psittaci and C. trachomatis
      is around 60 min during which the linkages most susceptible to external
      sonication forces were broken, releasing all attainable cellular components.
      Denaturation studies demonstrated that less than 50% of protein content of C.
      psittaci was denatured after 1 h of sonication, only 5% in the case of C.
      trachomatis. The protein and carbohydrate content of the most reactive fractions
      in macrophage-spreading inhibition test were different for LGV and C.
      trachomatis. The structural differences appear to determine the antigenic
      properties observed among the chlamydial strains as well as the specificity and
      probably the mechanisms (s) of cellular immune reactivity to Chlamydiae. This in
      turn may explain the failure of chlamydial vaccines, prepared from stock strains,
      to protect immunized children against 'wild' chlamydial strains.

PMID- 963616
TI  - Colonial variation in Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 and characterization of
      the polysaccharide from a variant strain.
AB  - Stock cultures of Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 require special attention to
      maintenance and propagation to assure consistent production in good yields of the
      extracellular polysaccharide xanthan. Under customary conditions of propagative
      maintenance on agar slants, variant colony types develop that are smaller in size
      than the normal type. The rate of regression of the normal to the variant forms
      was diminished when the D-glucose content of the stock medium was sufficient to
      avoid depletion during storage and when transfer to fresh medium was reduced to
      14-day intervals. Under conditions for polysaccharide production, the normal
      large-colony type gives crude culture liquors after 48 h of 7000 centipoise (cp)
      viscosity; the predominant variant form gives only 4000 cp. On the basis of 2.1%
      initial D-glucose, biopolymer yields for the normal and variant strains were 62
      and 43%, respectively. Polysaccharide produced by the variant (small-colony type)
      differs adversely in solution properties from that of the parent strain (large
      colony type); it differs also in its lower content of pyruvic acid and O-acetyl
      substituents. The molar ratios of constituent sugars (D-glucose, D-mannose, and D
      glucuronic acid), however, were identical in polysaccharides with the normal and
      variant strains. Exclusion of colonial variants from fermentations is
      prerequisite to production of xanthan optimum in properties and yield.

PMID- 963617
TI  - Reduction of acetylene by stationary cultures of free-living Rhizobium sp. under
      atmospheric oxygen levels.
AB  - The reduction of acetylene to ethylene by stationary (non-shaking) cultures of
      free-living rhizobia under atmospheric oxygen levels has been demonstrated. Under
      these conditions the development of the activity is inhibited by 10 mM NH4Cl and
      about 20% of oxygen is required for maximal activity. When the stationary
      cultures were shaken, oxygen concentrations of 1% and higher were found to be
      inhibitory. Specific activities of 20 and 40 nmol of acetylene reduced h-1 mg-1
      protein were observed.

PMID- 963618
TI  - In field survival of Rhizoctonia solani in soil and in diseased sugarbeets.
AB  - Persistence of Rhizotonia solani in the field was investigated by ascertaining
      survival (competitive saprophytic activity) in soil and survival in diseased
      plants. Except for one instance, low levels of R. solani survived overwinter in
      artificially and naturally infested soils. In a sandy loam soil, cropped to
      sugarbeets, inoculum density increased throughout the growing season from low
      early spring levels to high levels in July and August. In a silty clay soil,
      cropped to sugarbeets, inoculum density remained low with only a slight increase
      throughout the growing season. Survival of R. solani in diseased sugarbeets
      placed on the soil surface was greater than survival in diseased beets buried in
      soil. Little reduction in percentages of beets yeilding R. SOLANI COLONIES TOOK
      PLACE FROM November to April in either buried or unburied beets. The major
      reduction in survival of R. solani in buried beets occurred during the 6-week
      interval from April to June.

PMID- 963619
TI  - A modified procedure for studying enzyme secretion in yeast sphaeroplasts:
      subcellular distribution of invertase.
AB  - A significantly modified procedure for investigating enzyme secretion from yeast
      sphaeroplasts, and results from its application are described. Sphaeroplasts were
      derepressed for invertase biosynthesis in the presence of helicase and
      fractionated to reveal the distribution of high and low molecular weight forms of
      invertase. Secreted enzyme was found to be of high molecular weight, exclusively.
      Less than 10% of the total invertase activity was present in washed sphaeroplasts
      and of this, 43% was soluble, consisting of both high and low molecular weight
      forms of invertase. Washed membranes retained 32% of the internal invertase
      activity, and on solubilization with Triton X-100 the enzyme was found to be of
      an intermediate molecular weight. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that invertase is glycosylated at the plasma membrane.

PMID- 963620
TI  - [Metabolic activity of Candida lipolytica adsorbed to bentonite with hydrophobic
      chains].
AB  - The respiration of Candida lipolytica on n-tetradecane is decreased in the
      presence of bentonite. This inhibition is less pronounced by the introduction of
      hydrophobic chains on the bentonite. Oxygen demand of resting cells varies with
      the length of hydrophobic chains. In fermentor, addition of adsorbant does not
      stimulate growth, but assimilation of n-tetradecane is enhanced with certain
      concentrations of the adsorbant. On glucose, addition of hydrophobic chains on
      the adsorbant does not change the effects of bentonite on exogenous respiration
      and substrate assimilation.

PMID- 963621
TI  - Characterization of group A streptococcal M-proteins purified by two methods.
AB  - Ten different group A streptococcal M-protein preparations purified by
      trichloroacetic acid precipitation and three M-protein preparations purified by
      cellulose chromatography were examined by SDS and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and analyzed for amino acid composition and N-terminal amino
      acids. Fingerprinting (both tryptic and chymotryptic) was performed on the
      cellulose purified preparations of M1, M12, and M29 proteins which showed these
      proteins to be structurally related. Trypsin produced mas with 37 to 42 peptides,
      whereas chymotrypsin digestion resulted in 8 to 12 peptides,  depending on the M
      type. Sequencing was performed on the M12 protein and tentative identification of
      nine N-terminal amino acids made. Molecular weights of the cellulose and TCA
      purified M-proteins were determined by SDS gel electrophoresis and chromatography
      on G-200 Sephadex, with comparable results, indicating followed the patterns
      established for M-proteins, with high concentrations of lysine, aspartic acid,
      glutamic acid, alanine, and leucine. All 10 proteins had L-alanine as their N
      terminal amino acid. Evidence for a one way cross-reaction between type 1 and
      type 29 streptococci was also found.

PMID- 963622
TI  - The citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger: regulation by zinc of growth
      and acidogenesis.
AB  - The citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger is divided into two consecutive
      phases, a growth phase when the cells proliferate but do not accumulate citrate,
      followed by an accumulating phase when they produce citrate but do not
      proliferate, or else do so at a much reduced rate. When studied in a low sucrose
      (0.4-0.8%) mpinimal salts medium the growth-accumulation alternative was
      controlled by the concentration of zinc: high zinc (about 1-2 muM) maintained
      growth phase, while at low zinc (below 1 muM) growth became limited by zinc
      deficiency and the cultures passed into accumulating phase. Addition of zinc to
      accumulating cultures resulted in their reversion to growth phase. Iron,
      manganese, calcium at concentrations as high as 5-10 muM had no influence on
      either growth or citrate accumulation. These results suggest that zinc plays a
      role in the regulation of growth and citric acid accumulation.

PMID- 963623
TI  - The fine structure of conidial development in the genus Torula. IV. T.
      thermophila Cooney & Emerson.
AB  - Torula thermophila produced typical chlamydospores either as intercalary chains
      within prostrate hyphae or as terminal swellings on short, lateral, hyphal
      branches. Mature chlamydo-spores were spherical, dark brown, smooth-surfaced
      structured structures with thick, single-layed cell walls (= secondary wall
      layer) usually differentiated into an outer electron-dense zone and an inner
      electron-transparent zone. Disarticulation and sport release occurred after the
      disintegration of the original hyphal wall. The thallospores of T. thermophila
      arise in a manner different from the blastospores produced by other species of
      Torula and are structurally more closely related to the spores produced by
      Humicola insolens. However until further work has been completed on spore
      development in the Torula-Humicola complex of fungi the name T. thermophila is
      retained.

PMID- 963624
TI  - Antibody production in milk serum of goats experimentally infected with Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
AB  - Instillation of the goat's mammary gland with Neisseria gonorrhoeae colony type
      T1 has elicited and antibody response in the goat milk serum (GMS). Purification,
      and characterization of the GMS by gel filtration, electrophoresis,
      immunodiffusion, analytical ultracentrifugation, and serological analyses
      demonstrated thtat the active immune component was mainly in the IgA and IgG
      fractions (F2 and F3) of GMS.

PMID- 963625
TI  - California encephalitis virus proliferation in Yukon mosquitoes incubated at low
      temperatures.
AB  - Replication of a subarctic Bunyavirus, California encephalitis (snowshoe hare
      subtype), was detected in salivary glands and thoraces of wild-caught Aedes
      communis mosquitoes from the Yokon Territory, after intrathoracic inoculation
      with 0.1 to 100 mouse LD50 virus, and incubation for 7 to 21 days throughout
      their viable temperature range of 0 to 23 degrees C. Immunoperoxidase staining
      confirmed that viral replication occurred in the cytoplasm of acinar cells of
      salivary glands, both by ligh microscopy and electron microscopy. Replication of
      another subarctic Bunyavirus, Northway, and a subtropical Flavivirus, Murray
      Valley encephalitis, was also demonstrated by infectivity by infectivity
      titrations and immun operoxidase reactions in salivary glands of A. communis
      incubated at 0, 13, and 23 degrees C for 7 to 21 days.

PMID- 963626
TI  - Toxicity and plant growth regulator effects of cytochalasin H isolated from
      Phomopsis sp.
AB  - A biologically active metabolite was found in crude extracts of an unidentified
      species of Phomopsis isolated from weevil-damaged pecans. Purified metabolite was
      toxic to day-old cockerels, with an LD50 of 12.5 mg/kg, and was markedly
      inhibitory to growth the floral development of tobacco plants at concentrations
      of 10(-2) to 10(-4) M. IR and 1H-nmr spectra indicated an alkylpheny moiety with
      a single nitrogen atom present as a secondary amide; and acetate ester, OH, CH3,
      and a trans-double bond function. Elemental and high-resolution mass-spectral
      analysis indicated a formula of C30H39NO5 and a molecular weight of 493.2886. The
      metabolite was identified as cytochalasin H.

PMID- 963627
TI  - A cellulase complex in culture filtrates of Penicillium citrinum.
AB  - During growth in a liquid medium that contained a single soluble or an insoluble
      cellulosic carbon source Penicillium citrinum released a complex of cellulase
      enzymes into the medium. A temperature of 30 degrees C was best for cellulase
      production. Presence of carbon-containing compounds, particularly glucose,
      inhibited cellulase activity. The enzyme complex was separated by gel filtration
      followed by ion-exchange chromatography into 11 components, 4 of high molecular
      weight and 7 of low molecular weight. One of the components (Bb) had the
      character of C1 cellulase enzyme. When the components were combined they released
      more reducing sugars from cullulosic substrates than when they were used singly.

PMID- 963628
TI  - In vitro binding of sterols by extracts from Mucor rouxii cells grown under
      different environmental conditions.
AB  - Aqueous cell wall and cytoplasm extracts from Mucor rouxii cells grown under
      acrobic and anaerobic (oxygen-limiting) conditions were obtained. Both of the
      extracts from the anaerobic and aerobic cells solubilized lanosterol and
      ergosterol but not to the same extent; ergosterol was complexed about 2-3 times
      greater than the same concentration of lanosterol. It was also apparent that the
      relative bindingcapacities of the cell extracts were dependent on the cell growth
      environment. Two additional fractions were obtained from each extract by (a)
      methanol precipitation and (b) refluxing in 2% aqueous potassium hydroxide
      solution followed by methanol precipitation. The binding activities of these
      precipitates and the corresponding precipitates from yeast extract were compared
      and the results indicated a range of binding activites which depended on both the
      extract and the sterol. The data suggested that the in vitro sterol binding of M.
      rouxii extracts was not due to one particular macromolecule but that a number of
      compounds were involved in this complexation process.

PMID- 963629
TI  - Photoreactivating property of the Vibrio cholerae cell system.
AB  - Ultraviolet-inactivated chlora phage PL163/10 underwent a maximum of abot 36% of
      photoreactivation within the host V. cholerae cells. UV-inactivated but non
      infected V. cholerae cells also underwent the same degree of photoreactivation.

PMID- 963630
TI  - The metabolism of carbohydrates by extremely halophilic bacteria: identification
      of galactonic acid as a product of galactose metabolism.
AB  - Cell-free extracts prepared from the extremely halophilic bacterium Halobacterium
      saccharovorum oxidize galactose and accumulate a product which reacts as if it
      were a lactone. The product does not act as a reducing sugar and contains all six
      of the carbon atoms initially present in galactose. The product was jugged to be
      galactonic acid, based on the behavior of the acetylmethyl ester derivative of
      the product and the pentaacetyl derivative of the galactonic methyl ester during
      gas chromatography.

PMID- 963631
TI  - [A new serotype of Salmonella isolated in Canada: Salmonella montreal (43(1),
      43(2):c:1 5)].

PMID- 963632
TI  - Magnesium requirement of Staphylococcus aureus for repair from sublethal heat
      injury.
AB  - Heating in potassium phosphate buffer causes Staphylococcus aureus to lose its
      salt tolerance and 30-40% of its cellular Mg2+. Repair from injury (regain of
      salt tolerance) occurred when injured cells were incubated under optimal
      conditions in synthetic media containing penicillin to prevent growth. Cells died
      when phosphates or amin acids were omitted from the medium. Omission of vitamins,
      glucose, Na+, and K+ had no effect. Omission of Mg2+ diminished repair. In a
      minimal repair medium (MRM) which contained only 3 X 10(-6) M Mg (as an
      impurity), injured cells rapidly regained their original Mg content. About 20-50%
      of the cells also regained their salt tolerance provided that less than 10(9)
      cells/ml were used. With 10(10) cells/ml there was no repair and cellular Mg
      content was half that of the control. Addition of 10(-3) M ethylenediamine
      tetraacetic acid (EDTA) to MRM also prevented repair. Addition of 10(-2) M Mg to
      MRM EDTA permitted complete repair.

PMID- 963633
TI  - The relationship between chemical structure of attractants and chemotaxis by a
      marine bacterium.
AB  - The chemotactic responses of a marine pseudomonad to steroisomers and analogues
      of amino acids and sugars were tested. The data reveal that the bacterium is
      equally attracted to D, L, and DL forms of the amino acids. In contrastr,
      chemical analogues of the amino acids and glucose yielded significantly lower
      chemotactic responses. The threshold of bacterial detection was 10(-8) M for
      leucine and cysteine. However, the threshold molarity of most of the analogues
      was higher than those of the related amino acids and sugars.

PMID- 963634
TI  - Biodegradation rates of components of petroleum.
AB  - Rates of microbial biodegradation of components of South Louisiana crude oil were
      determined by computer analysis of data obtained from computerized mass
      spectrometry. Total residue of the oil decreased exponentially with time, with
      maximum decrease noted at logarithmic phase, whereas asphaltenes and resins
      increased at the logarithmic phase of growth. Saturates decreased continuously
      during growth. Microbial degradation of components of crude oil was concluded to
      be a dynamic process.

PMID- 963635
TI  - An unusual occurrence of multiple sclerosis in a small rural community.
AB  - Ten patients with multiple sclerosis were found to have lived in close proximity
      in a Nova Scotia farming community of 150 people. All had drunk unpasteurized
      milk as children, were teetotallers, ate a high animal fat diet, and were well
      educated. Of greater interest was the observation that six of the ten cases were
      related in two family groups. The only time all patients lived in the community
      at the same time was in 1951 and 1952 during a polio outbreak. The relationship
      of polio to multiple sclerosis bears further study. The average age of the
      patients when they had measles was 11.8 years. Evidence suggests a link between
      risk of multiple sclerosis and both late onset of measles and pubertal age. Late
      onset of measles may be important in this cluster. Further epidemiological
      studies are needed to examine the age of onset of measles in M.S. cases.

PMID- 963636
TI  - Shy-Drager syndrome. Neuropathological correlation and response to levodopa
      therapy.
AB  - The post-mortem examination of the nervous system of a patient with Shy-Drager
      syndrome successfully treated with levodopa (Sharpe et al, 1972) revealed
      features of striato-nigral degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a
      cerebellar system degeneration and a loss of approximately 75% of sympathetic
      preganglionic neurons. Lewy bodies were not present and no detectable changes
      were observed in the sympathetic prevertebral ganglia. While the limited and
      transient beneficial effect of levodopa on the bradykinesia in our case is
      possibly due to the progressive loss of striatal dopaminergic receptors seen in
      striatonigral degeneration, we propose that in Shy-Drager syndrome, levodopa
      therapy benefits orthostatic hypotension because of a suppression of the central
      depressor action of this drug. This suppression is attributable to functional
      disconnection of sympathetic ganglia secondary to the loss of preganglionic
      neurons or to degeneration of central autonomic catecholaminergic systems.

PMID- 963637
TI  - Intellectual performance in multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease a
      replication study.
AB  - A consistent feature in dementia is an overall intellectual deterioration. The
      present study investigated the intellectual performance of patients with
      Alzeheimer's disease (AD) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) using the Wechsler
      Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). For reliability and generality purposes two
      independent samples of patients were collected. Significant differences in
      Education Level (EDU) and Performance IQ (PIQ) were obtained for the first
      sample, with the AD group having a significantly higher EDU level. The MID group
      obtained a higher PIQ. No significant differences were found in the second
      sample, but EDU level approached significance with the AD group again having a
      higher EDU level. A discriminant function analysis classified 81% of the patients
      in the first sample and 100% diagnostic accuracy was obtained for the second
      sample using the 11 predictor variables. A maximum R2 stepwise regression was
      performed in order to detect the "best" model of variables discriminating between
      the diagnostic groups. For the first sample the "best" model was the two variable
      model, including EDU and Full Scale IQ, accounting for 40% of the variance. The
      simplest model for the second sample was the one variable model including EDU,
      accounting for 20% of the variance. Quantitative differences were found between
      the AD samples. Time since onset of the disease was offered as a possible
      influence in the quantitative differences in the AD samples. Sampling biases in
      the behavioral study of dementia are discussed. Successful replication was
      obtained.

PMID- 963638
TI  - Intracranial dysgerminomas.
AB  - We have reported three cases of intracranial dysgerminoma. The origin of these
      tumors has been controversial for a long time. It is now accepted that they
      develop from germ cells. The diagnosis is often difficult to confirm because of
      the varity of signs. If their origin is now accepted, the best way to deal with
      these lesions is still controversial. They can be macroscopically removed if they
      are in the pineal region. Such treatment is not possible for suprasellar tumors.
      Since these tumors can metastasize, radiation should be administered as soon as a
      pathological diagnosis is obtained. It is our belief that it should be
      administered to the whole spinal axis.

PMID- 963639
TI  - Congenital intraspinal extradural cysts (intraspinal meningocele).
AB  - A case of congenital, intraspinal, extradural cyst is reported with pain as the
      only presenting feature. In the past, the lack of pain has been considered one of
      the characteristics of these rare lesions. In other reported cases, when pain has
      been present, it was minimal and never the presenting feature. The clinical and
      radiographic features and the surgical treatment are described. The pathogenesis
      is discussed and the literature reviewed. An addition to the surgical technique
      is given whereby one of the post operative complications may be obviated.

PMID- 963640
TI  - Computer tomography in disseminated sclerosis.
AB  - A case is reported where the appearance of acute, diffuse, disseminated sclerosis
      on computer tomography (Ct scan) is described and the literature is reviewed.
      This disease may give rise to multiple, small areas of diminished X-ray
      absorption which may decrease in size during the course of the disease. The
      histological features of one of the lesions was correlated with the radiological
      findings. It is suggested that, perhaps, only during the active stage of
      demyelination can the lesions be detected on the Ct scan.

PMID- 963641
TI  - Histological changes in trout testis produced by injections of salmon pituitary
      gonadotropin.

PMID- 963642
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the head region of bovine spermatozoa.

PMID- 963643
TI  - Cardiovascular responses of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus
      (Walbaum), to acute temperature increase.

PMID- 963644
TI  - Platynosomum andersoni n. sp. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) from bile ducts of
      Rattus huang (Bonhote).

PMID- 963645
TI  - Zschokkella embiotocidis sp.n. (Protozoa, Myxosporida) from California pile
      perch, Damalichthys vacca, and striped perch, Embiotoca lateralis.

PMID- 963646
TI  - Ceratomyxa anoplopoma sp.n. (Protozoa, Myxosporida) from the sablefish,
      Anoplopoma fimbria.

PMID- 963647
TI  - [Editorial: A broader role for C.P.H.A].

PMID- 963648
TI  - Report of a case of meningococcaemia and follow-up of contacts.

PMID- 963649
TI  - Primary health care.

PMID- 963650
TI  - Utilization of physician services in a prison population.

PMID- 963651
TI  - Nursing health assessment of preschool children in Perth County.

PMID- 963652
TI  - The refractive status of Belcher Island Eskimos.

PMID- 963653
TI  - Sentinel flock monitoring procedures for western encephalomyelitis in Manitoba
      1975.

PMID- 963654
TI  - Equine epizootic of western encephalomyelitis in Manitoba-1975.

PMID- 963655
TI  - An epidemic of Western encephalomyelitis in humans-Manitoba, 1975.

PMID- 963656
TI  - Weather conditions affecting mosquito populations in southern Manitoba during
      1975.

PMID- 963657
TI  - Western encephalomyelitis in Manitoba, 1975: the decision-making process.

PMID- 963658
TI  - Emergency measures and mosquito control operations during the 1975 western
      encephalomyelitis outbreak in Manitoba.

PMID- 963659
TI  - Public information on western encephalomyelitis and emergency mosquito control in
      Manitoba, 1975.

PMID- 963660
TI  - Environmental monitoring of insecticide applications during the emergency
      mosquito control operation in Manitoba, 1975.

PMID- 963661
TI  - Assessment of the emergency mosquito control operation in Manitoba, 1975.

PMID- 963662
TI  - Analysis of western encephalomyelitis surveillance and control programs in
      Manitoba, 1975.

PMID- 963663
TI  - [Western encephalomyelitis in Manitoba during 1975: summary and recommendations].

PMID- 963664
TI  - The arbovirus problem in Canada.

PMID- 963665
TI  - Cognitive adaptation in latency. The construction of social reality.

PMID- 963666
TI  - [Social adaptation of the child in the latency period].

PMID- 963667
TI  - New family structures and the latency child.

PMID- 963668
TI  - The treatment of the latency child.

PMID- 963669
TI  - Combined approaches in the treatment of latency children and their families.

PMID- 963670
TI  - Disulfiram implantation. Modes of action.

PMID- 963671
TI  - [Effects of positive reinforcement, punishment, and stimulus control in the
      treatment of tics].

PMID- 963672
TI  - Childhood firesetting.

PMID- 963673
TI  - Investigational studies of selected hematological parameters in fresh and mailed
      blood of six species of domestic animals.

PMID- 963674
TI  - Cryogenic and immunotherapeutic treatment of myxoma in the horse.

PMID- 963675
TI  - Haemophilus parahemolyticus associated with abortion in swine.

PMID- 963676
TI  - The veterinary profession: a practitioner's view of the public's opinion.

PMID- 963677
TI  - Veterinary medicine--the public's opinion--views from a professional
      organization.

PMID- 963678
TI  - The veterinary profession: the public opinion as viewed by the food-animal
      industry.

PMID- 963679
TI  - The veterinary profession: the public's opinion as viewed by the urbanite.

PMID- 963680
TI  - Focus on prevention.
AB  - Cardiovascular disease in Canada is estimated to cost over $1.2 billion each
      year. Advances made in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases have decreased
      the mortality rate associated with them, but the incidence of such diseases may
      nonetheless be termed epidemic. Leading epidemiologists suggest that control of
      this epidemic can only be attained through primary prevention....

PMID- 963681
TI  - Anatomic and physiologic dynamics.

PMID- 963682
TI  - Head to toe. A straightforward approach to patient assessment and charting.

PMID- 963683
TI  - Childhood cardiac anomalies: a review.

PMID- 963684
TI  - A new look at cardiac catheterization equipment.

PMID- 963685
TI  - Enforced proximity to stress in the client environment.

PMID- 963686
TI  - Integration of chemotherapy into combined modality treatment of solid tumors VII.
      Adenocarcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 963687
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the fluoropyrimidines: implications for their clinical use.

PMID- 963688
TI  - A synthesis of 3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B.
AB  - 3',4',-Dideoxykanamycin B, the kanamycin B derivative that is active against
      resistant bacteria, was prepared from kanamycin B via N-tosylation, 3',4'-O
      sulphonylation, 3',4'-unsaturation, and hydrogenation. The unsaturated
      intermediate was obtained from the 3',4'-di-O-sulphonyl derivatives by the action
      of sodium iodide in N,N-dimethylformamide; if zinc dust was added in this
      reaction, aziridine derivatives were formed. Removal of the tosyl group was
      successfully performed by using sodium in ammonia-ethylamine.

PMID- 963689
TI  - Synthesis of the allo-analogue of trehalose.
AB  - Selective benzoylation of HO-2 and HO-2' of 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside with N-benzoylimidazole
      led to the exclusive formation of 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Oxidation
      of either the dibenzoate or the corresponding ditosylate with methyl sulphoxide-
      phosphorus pentaoxide gave the 3,3'-diulose, and subsequent reduction with
      borohydride gave the 3,3'diepimers having the allo-allo configuration. De
      esterification and hydrolysis of the benzylidene substituents gave alpha-D
      allopyranosyl alpha-D-allopyranoside.

PMID- 963690
TI  - Synthesis of L-fucose 2-, 3-, and 4-sulphates.
AB  - Treatment of L-fucose with an excess pf pyridine-sulphur trioxide gave an
      equilibrium mixture of mono-, di-, and tri-sulphates. L-Fucose was sulphated
      under optimal conditions for monosulphate formation, and the monoester fraction
      was isolated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The isomeric L-fucose 2-, 3-,
      and 4-sulphates (1-3) were separated on a DEAE-cellulose column by elution with
      borate buffer. The structures of 1-3 were established by electrophoresis, colour
      tests, periodate oxidation, and, for the 2-isomer, by comparison with a specimen
      of 1 that had been definitively synthesised via methyl 3,4-O-isopropylidene-alpha
      L-fucopyranoside (6) and methyl alpha-L-fucopyranoside 2-(barium sulphate) (5).
      The latter was rapidly hydrolysed in hot, dilute acetic acid to 1 and methyl
      alpha-L-fucopyranoside (4).

PMID- 963691
TI  - [Synthetic polysaccharides containing D-glucose and 3,6-anhydro-D-glucose
      residues].

PMID- 963692
TI  - An approach to the synthesis of branched-chain amino sugars from C-methylene
      sugars.
AB  - The reaction of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-C-methylene-alpha-D-ribo
      hexofuranose (4) with mercuric azide in hot 50% aqueous tetrahydrofuran yielded,
      after reductive demercuration, 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-C
      methyl-alpha-D-glucofuranose (5). Partial, acid hydrolysis of 5 afforded the diol
      7, which gave 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5,6-di-O-methanesulphonyl-3-C
      methyl-alpha-D-glucofuranose (8) on sulphonylation. On hydrogenation over a
      platinum catalyst and N-acetylation, the dimethanesulphonate 8 furnished 3,6
      acetyleprimino-3,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-O-methanesulphonyl-3-C-methyl
      alpha-D-glucofuranose (9), which was also prepared by an analogous sequence of
      reactions on 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-O-methanesulphonyl-3-C-methyl
      6-O-toluene-p-sulphonyl-alpha-D-glucofuranose (13). The formation of the N
      acetylepimine 9 establishes the D-gluco configuration for 5. 1,2-O-Isopropylidene
      3-C-methylene-alpha-D-ribo-hexofuranose (20) reacted with mercuric azide in
      aqueous tetrahydrofuran at approximately 85 degrees to give 3,6-anhydro-1,2-O
      isopropylidene-3-C-methyl-alpha-D-glucofuranose (22) as a result of
      intramolecular participation by the C-6 hydroxyl group in the initial
      intermediate.

PMID- 963693
TI  - G.L.C. of the O-trimethylsilyl derivatives of hexuronic acids.
AB  - The free acids, sodium salts, and lactones of several hexuronic acids have been
      studied as their O-trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography using
      SE-30 and XE-60 liquid phases. Silylation was best performed in methyl
      sulphoxide. The equilibrium between the various forms of a hexuronic acid in
      methyl sulphoxide was also studied by g.l.c. following silylation. The
      hexamethyldisilazane used in the silylation disturbed the equilibrium attained in
      the solvent, but this was overcome by premixing the hexamethyldisilazane with
      chlorotrimethylsilane. Methyl sulphoxide and the silylating reagents gave a two
      phase system in which the derivative was favourably partitioned into the upper
      layer. Partition coefficients and stabilities of the derivatives were measured,
      and a g.l.c. method for the analysis of the hexuronic acids was thereby
      developed. The oximes of the hexuronic acids were studied as alternative
      derivatives for g.l.c., and their equilibrium compositions and g.l.c. retention
      times are recorded.

PMID- 963694
TI  - Reaction of derivatives of methyl 2,3-O-benzylidene-6-deoxy-alpha-L
      mannopyranoside with butyllithium: synthesis of methyl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-methyl
      alpha-L-erythro-hexopyranosid-3-ulose.
AB  - Methyl 2,3-O-benzylidene-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside (2) reacted with
      butyllithium to give a mixture of 1,5-anhydro-3-C-butyl-1,2,6-trideoxy-L-ribo-hex
      1-enitol (3) and its L-arabino analogue (4), together with methyl 2,3,6-trideoxy
      alpha-L-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside (5). In contrast, the 4-O-methyl-analogue (8)
      of 2 was converted by butyllithium into methyl 2,6-dideoxy-4-O-methyl-alpha-L
      erythro-hexo-pyranosid-3-ulose (9), which was further characterized as its oxime
      10. The 4-O-benzyl analogue of 8, obtained as two separate diastereoisomers (6
      and 7) differing in configuration at C-2 of the dioxolane ring gave a complex
      misture of products on treatment with butyllithium.

PMID- 963695
TI  - Synthesis of benzyl and allyl ethers of D-glucopyranose.
AB  - Starting from allyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as a key
      intermediate, the following crystalline compounds were prepared: 2-O-allyl-3,4,6
      tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (11) and its p-nitrobenzoate; 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D
      arabinofuranose (12) and the corresponding arabinitol; allyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl
      alpha-D-glucopyranoside (7); 3,4,6-tri-o-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (8); 2-0-allyl 3,
      4-di-o-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (17) and its bis(p-nitrobenzoate); and 3,4-di-O
      benzyl-D-glucopyranose (19). The p-nitrobenzoates of compounds 11 and 17 are
      potential intermediates for the synthesis of the glycolipids of the cytoplasmic
      membranes of Streptococci.

PMID- 963696
TI  - Structure of the levan elaborated by Streptococcus salivarius strain 51: an
      application of chemical-ionisation mass-spectrometry.
AB  - The polysaccharide elaborated by Streptococcus salivarius strain 51 contains beta
      D-fructofuranose residues linked through positions 2 and 6, as well as 1, 2, and
      6. The approximate numbers of terminal, non-reducing D-fructofuranose residues
      and those linked through positions 2 and 6, and through 1, 2, and 6 in the
      average repeating-unit are 1, 7, and 1, respectively. The branches through the
      beta-(2 leads to 1)-linkage contain up to at least four D-fructofuranose
      residues. Chemical-ionisation mass-spectrometry aids the assignment of structures
      to O-acetyl-O-methylalditols obtained in methylation analysis.

PMID- 963697
TI  - A 13C-N.M.R. spectral study of chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C: evidence of
      heterogeneity.
AB  - Chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C produce well-resolved 13C-n.m.r. spectra which
      allow for a more complete characterization than that available from their p.m.r.
      spectra. The 13C data fully support earlier evidence as to the main structural
      features of these glycosaminoglycans, but they also show that many chondroitin
      preparations are substantially heterogeneous in composition. Thus, spectra of
      chondroitin A and C have the appearance of composites representative of both
      types of polymer: specimens of A may contain 25% of the C-type of structural
      sequence, and C,30% of the A-type of sequence; 10-20% of unidentified
      constituents, including a residue bearing a 6-sulfate group, are present in the
      specimens of chondroitin B. Chemical-shift and 1JC-H values found for the L
      iduronic acid residues of chondroitin B, as well as the effect of gadolinium
      nitrate on the relaxation properties of its 13C nuclei, indicate that this moiety
      possesses the alpha configuration and favors the 1C4(L) conformation.
      Corresponding data for the acetamidodeoxy-D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid
      residues of the chondroitins are consistent with the beta-anomeric configuration
      and 4C1(D) conformation in all instances.

PMID- 963698
TI  - Some properties of a fungal beta-D-glucanase preparation.
AB  - A commercial enzyme preparation, of fungal origin, contained a mixture of beta-D
      glucanases which were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography to give a
      mixture of an endo-(1 leads to 4)- and an exo-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucanase.
      These two enzymes were then separated by molecular-sieve chromatography on
      Sephadex G-150. The purified exo-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucanase has a relatively
      high specificity for (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages, and has no action
      on lichenin.

PMID- 963699
TI  - Preparation and characterization of a dextran-amylase conjugate.
AB  - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase was attached to dextran after activation
      of the polysaccharide by using a modification of the cyanogen bromide method. The
      soluble dextran-amylase conjugate was purified by molecular-sieve chromatography.
      The conjugated enzyme has greater stability than the unmodified enzyme at low pH
      values, during heat treatment, and on removal of calcium ions with a chelating
      agent. Attachment of dextran to alpha-amylase did not alter the Michaelis
      constant of the enzyme acting on starch. The polysaccharide-enzyme conjugate
      probably consists of a cross-linked aggregate of many dextran and many enzyme
      molecules, in which a proportion of the enzyme molecules, although not
      inactivated, are unable to express their activity, except after dextranase
      treatment.

PMID- 963700
TI  - 4-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-D-glucuronic acid: a component of the Klebsiella type 37
      capsular polysaccharide.

PMID- 963701
TI  - The agar-type polysaccharide from the red alga Ceramium rubrum.
AB  - Aqueous extraction of the red alga C. rubrum gave a galactan sulphate and,
      possibly, a separate glucan and xylan. The galactan sulphate has an alternating
      structure of the agar-type with D-galactose or 6-O-methyl-D-galactose as one
      alternating unit, and L-galactose, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, and their respective
      2-methyl ethers as the other unit. Sulphate hemi-ester groups are present on
      position 6 of both D- and L-galactose residues, with smaller amounts on positions
      2 and 4 of, probably, D-galactose residues. The polysaccharide differs from
      others previously examined in that most of the L-galactose residues are non
      sulphated.

PMID- 963702
TI  - Structural investigations of the extracellular polysaccharide elaborated by S19,
      a Xanthomonas-type bacterium.
AB  - The extracellular, acidic heteropolysaccharide from Xanthomonas S19 consists of D
      glucuronic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-mannose residues in the
      approximate molar ratios of 1.6:3:1:1, plus acetyl groups linked to C-2 and/or C
      3 of a large proportion of the glucose residues. Methylation studies showed that
      the glucose is present as non-reducing end-group also as 1,2- and 1,4-linked
      units, the galactose residues are solely 1,3-linked, a major proportion of the
      mannose residues are 1,2,4-linked and the rest 1,2-linked. A high proportion of
      the glucuronic acid units are 1,4-linked. Periodate oxidation confirmed the
      presence of these linkages. The disaccharides D-Glc-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glc, D-Glc
      (1 leads to 2)-D-Man, D-Glc-(1 leads to 3)-D-Gal, D-Gal(1 leads to 2)-D-Glc, D
      GlcA-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcA, and beta-D-GlcA-(1 leads to 4)-D-Man were isolated
      from a partial hydrolysate of the polysaccharide, and characterised. The
      similarities and differences between this polysaccharide and those from other
      Xanthomonas species are discussed.

PMID- 963703
TI  - [Complete structure of three galactoxyloglucans (amyloids) from seeds].
AB  - D-Galacto-D-xylo-D-glucans (amyloids) from Balsamina, Tropaeolum, and Tamarindus
      seeds behave in a similar manner in the presence of various glycosidase
      preparations: slow depolymerization by enzymes from several germinated or non
      germinated seeds, and hydrolysis into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by
      commercial cellulase and hemicellulase preparations from fungi. A purified
      cellulase from Penicillium notatum gave a dialyzable fraction almost exclusively
      composed of alpha-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-D-glucose residues and a
      nondialyzable fraction composed of chains of beta-D-(1 leads to 4) [With some (1
      leads to 3)]-glucopyranosyl residues; beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)
      alpha-D-xylosyl groups are linked to some of the beta-D-glucosyl residues at O-6.
      The presence of (1 leads to 3)-linkages in the D-glucan chain of the Balsamina
      was verified by methylation and sequential periodate oxidation-borohydride
      reduction; the distribution of the substituents on the D-glucan chain is not
      regular. The main D-glucan backbone, where the  beta-D-glucosyl residues are
      partly linked at O-6 to beta-D-galactosyl-(1 leads to 2)-D-xylosyl groups, is
      linked to D-glucan chains where almost all the D-glucose units are linked at O-6
      by one alpha-D-xylosyl group. The presence of 3,6-di-O-methyl-D-glucose after
      permethylation and hydrolysis suggests that the xyloglucan chains are linked to O
      2 of the D-glucosyl units of the galactoxyloglucan backbone.

PMID- 963704
TI  - Monomethyl sugars in extracellular polysaccharides from slow-growing Rhizobia.

PMID- 963705
TI  - 6-Thio-beta-D-fructopyranose.

PMID- 963706
TI  - The synthesis of derivatives of O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-L
      serine.

PMID- 963707
TI  - Neighbouring acetamido-group participation in reactions of derivatives of 2
      acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose.
AB  - Kinetic measurements suggest that neighbouring acetamido-group participation
      occurs in the spontaneous hydrolysis and methanolysis of o-carboxyphenyl 2
      acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside and in the spontaneous hydrolysis of 2,4
      dinitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy
      beta-D-glycopyranosyl fluoride. The methanolyses of these compounds proceed with
      predominant retention of configuration which is also consistent with neighbouring
      acetamido-group participation. The oxazoline intermediate which would arise from
      such a process was detected during methanolysis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D
      glucopyranosyl fluoride in the presence of bases by n.m.r., i.r., and u.v.
      spectroscopy. Attempts to isolate the oxazoline were unsuccessful.

PMID- 963708
TI  - [The supreme human aim--all for man, all for his welfare].

PMID- 963709
TI  - [Comment on the problem of carbon dioxide diffusion in the lungs (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 963710
TI  - [Partial blood oxygen pressure and pulmonary ventilation changes in patients with
      fractures with a view to traumatic fat embolism development (author's transl)].

PMID- 963711
TI  - [Effect of long-term algic stimuli on the intensity of hypalgesia induced by
      acupuncture].

PMID- 963712
TI  - [Glucagon and the metabolism under intense physical load (author's transl)].

PMID- 963713
TI  - [Effects of the character of laboratory exertion on the standard of aerobic
      performance].

PMID- 963714
TI  - [Number of daily meals and frequency of physical exercise in relation to age,
      quantity of body fat and somatic traits].

PMID- 963715
TI  - [Internal body temperature gradient as an index of circulatory efficiency in
      hyperthermic dry air environment (author's transl)].

PMID- 963716
TI  - [Result of 30-year follow-up of health state of 2nd world war czechoslovak
      rezistance movement participants in one district (author's transl)].

PMID- 963717
TI  - [Social and economic problems of patients after myocardial infarction (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 963718
TI  - [Cystic fibrosis and C cells of thyroid gland (author's transl)].

PMID- 963719
TI  - [Cardiovascular surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 963720
TI  - Surgery of the esophagus and cardia.

PMID- 963721
TI  - Some aspects of accident surgery problems (author's transl).

PMID- 963722
TI  - [Bile duct surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 963723
TI  - [Traditions of abdominal surgery at our clinic and its new trends (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 963724
TI  - The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, pars lateralis of the rat. Synaptic
      organization and conditions for axonal sprouting.
AB  - The synaptic organization of the pars lateralis portion of the ventral lateral
      geniculate nucleus is similar to that of other thalamic nuclei. There are four
      types of synaptic knobs (RL, RS, F1, F2). RL knobs are large and irregularly
      shaped, contain round synaptic vesicles and make multiple asymmetrical junctions.
      They are found primarily in "synaptic islands" making contact with gemmules,
      spines, small dendrites, and other synaptic profiles containing pleiomorphic
      synaptic vesicles (F2). Smaller RS knobs contain round vesicles and make
      asymmetrical junctions with the same type of elements as RL knobs, with the
      exception of the F2 profiles, but are seldom found in synaptic islands. F1 knobs
      contain flattened synaptic vesicles and form symmetrical junctions with F2 knobs,
      gemmules, spines, and small-medium dendrites in synaptic islands, throughout the
      neuropil, and on the proximal dendrites and soma of the largest type of neuron.
      F2 knobs are irregularly shaped, contain pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles and make
      symmetrical junctions primarily with gemmules and spines in synaptic islands.
      They are postsynaptic to RL and F1 knobs. Occipital decortication indicates that
      cortical terminals are of the RS type. Bilateral enucleation indicates that
      retinal terminals are of both the FL and RS type. The large amount of geographic
      overlap of retinal and cortical terminals on gemmules, spines, and small
      dendrites found in the neuropil outside of synaptic islands logically would
      maximize axonal sprouting between these two sources.

PMID- 963725
TI  - Spermatogenesis of a marine snail, Littorina sitkana.
AB  - The fine structure of the spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid of a marine
      snail, Littorina sitkana is described. The ring centriole (annulus) is formed
      from the distal centriole and it migrates to the base of the mitochondrial region
      where it lies in a joint-like structure which is formed by an area of invaginated
      plasma membrane. The distal and proximal centrioles are at first perpendicular to
      each other but the proximal centriole rotates to a position coaxial with the
      distal centriole and fuses with it. The peripheral doublet fibers are continuous
      between the two centrioles but the central fibers originate only in the distal
      centriole. The acrosome differentiates from the proacrosomal granule which is
      derived from a Golgi body. Microtubules, present at this stage, may assist
      acrosomal formation. Chromatin condensation begins with the formation of fibrous
      strands, then to lamellar plates which become folded and later twisted around the
      flagellar shaft. In the final stages the lamellae appear in cross section as
      concentric rings which eventually fuse to form a homogeneously dense nuclear
      tube.

PMID- 963726
TI  - Inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase by concanavalin A: evidence for localization on the
      outer surface of the plasma membrane.
AB  - 5'-Nucleotidase activity of rat liver plasma membrane is markedly inhibited by
      concanavalin A. Taken together with a unilateral pattern of labelling of
      concanavalin A binding sites with hemocyanin, the results indicate that an
      allosteric site of the enzyme is at the outer surface of the membrane.

PMID- 963727
TI  - Gap junctions between astrocytes during growth and differentiation in organ
      culture systems.
AB  - Fetal rat neocortex maintained in organ culture systems with the use of sponge
      foam matrices and millipore filter platforms undergoes growth and
      cytodifferentiation along classical neuronal and glial lines up to 36 days in
      vitro (DIV). Astrocytic differentiation is characterized by accumulation of 80-90
      A glial filaments in the cell bodies and processes of astrocytes. Gap or nexus
      junctions closely resembling those formed in mammalian brain in situ are
      identified by 15 DIV. By 36 DIV, interastrocytic gap junctions are numerous and
      frequently join extensive lengths of adjacent glial plasma membranes. The results
      suggest that these organ culture systems may provide a favorable environment for
      the study of cellular structure and function of coupled neuroglia.

PMID- 963728
TI  - A scanning electron microscope study of the development of free axonal sprouts at
      the cut ends of dorsal spinal nerve roots in the rat.
AB  - Rat dorsal spinal nerve roots were cut and the tip on the ganglionic side of the
      cut was examined by scanning electron microscopy at 0, 7, 20 and 48 h after
      operation. Seven hours after cutting, free axonal sprouts had started to protrude
      from the cut end of the nerve. After 20 h the free sprouts were more profuse than
      at 7 h but were smaller and had a rougher surface. At both 7 and 20 h many of the
      sprouts consisted of a stalk 2-7 mum in diameter with a bulbous end 5-20 mum in
      diameter. A few branching sprouts were seen. At 48 h the sprouts were shrunken
      with a deeply furrowed surface. The significance of the surface structure of the
      sprouts is discussed.

PMID- 963729
TI  - Histochemical light microscopic study of catecholamine containing paraganglia in
      the human pelvis.
AB  - Histological and histochemical techniques have been employed to determine the
      structure and autonomic innervation of paraganglia located in the human pelvis.
      In foetal and early postnatal tissues, paraganglia formed rounded cellular masses
      which were frequently in company with the autonomic  nerves and ganglia of the
      urinary bladder and other pelvic viscera. The constituent cells contained only
      small amounts of cholinesterase and were unrelated to enzyme positive autonomic
      nerves; acetylcholinesterase containing nerves were occasionally observed in the
      capsule and the fibrous septa of the pelvic paraganglia. In early postnatal
      specimens, pelvic paraganglia frequently contained single or multiple "pacinian
      like" corpuscles, each possessing a central region which was rich in both acetyl
      and pseudocholinesterase. These structures were rarely observed within autonomic
      ganglia and were absent 4 1/2 years post partum. By means of a histochemical
      technique, pelvic paraganglia were found to contain catecholamine which was
      attributed to the presence of relatively large quantities of noradrenaline. These
      observations have been discussed with particular reference to the results of
      other studies on the autonomic innervation of paraganglia.

PMID- 963730
TI  - Uptake of ferritin by the cephalopod optic gland.
AB  - Horse spleen ferritin, injected into the blood of the octopus, leaves the
      capillaries via pericyte junctions and windows. One hour after the
      administration, ferritin has entered the optic gland main cells; three hours
      later, it is accumulated in dense-bodies. The evidence for resorption supports
      earlier papers reporting that the ultrastructure of the organ is unusual for an
      endocrine gland.

PMID- 963731
TI  - The ultrastructure of the integument of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata.
AB  - The morphology and ultrastructure of the lateral body integument of the
      leptocephalus, glass eel, pigmented elver, and adult stages of the American eel,
      Anguilla rostrata, were examined with light and electron microscopy. The
      integument consists of an epidermis separated by a basal lamina from the
      underlying dermis. Three cell types are present in the epidermis in all stages.
      Filament-containing cells, which are the principal structural cell type, are
      increasingly numerous at each stage. Mucous cells, which secrete the mucous that
      compose the mucous surface coat, are also more numerous in each subsequent stage
      and are more numerous in the anterior lateral body epidermis than in the
      posterior lateral body epidermis of the adult. Club cells, whose function is
      unknown, are most numerous in the glass eel and pigmented elver. Chloride cells
      are common in the leptocephalus which is marine and infrequent in the glass eel.
      They are not present in the pigmented elver and adult which inhabit estuaries and
      freshwater. Lymphocytes and melanocytes are also present in some stages. The
      dermis comprises two layers: a layer of collagenous lamellae, the stratum
      compactum, and an underlying layer of loose connective tissue, the stratum
      spongiosum. There is a progressive increase in epidermal thickness at each stage
      which is paralleled by an increase in the thickness of the stratum compactum.
      Rudimentary scales are present in the dermis of the adult. The increase in the
      number of epidermal filament-containing cells, epidermal thickness and stratum
      compactum thickness is correlated with an increased need for protection from
      abrasion and mechanical damage as the eel moves from a pelagic, oceanic habitat
      to a benthic, freshwater habitat. The increase in mucous cell numbers is likewise
      correlated with an increased need for the protective and anti-bacterial action of
      the mucous surface coat in the freshwater environment.

PMID- 963732
TI  - A look into the cock-pit of the fly. The architecture of the lobular plate.
AB  - An anatomical investigation has been carried out on the third optic ganglion of
      the fly, Musca domestica. Two systems of giant units, the dendritic arborizations
      of which are arranged orthogonally relative to each other, dominate the neuropile
      of this ganglion. The elements of the two systems have been reconstructed using a
      graphical procedure based on histological sections. One system branches
      predominantly in the dorso-ventral direction, the other one in the anterior
      posterior direction. Both systems of the giant units have a twin system composed
      of elements smaller in diameter and strictly parallel to the main units. The two
      systems have been termed the Vertical and Horizontal Systems. The elements of the
      two systems of fibers project into the periesophageal region where they come into
      contact with other descending elements. Electron microscopic investigations show
      that the two systems are post-synaptic at the level of the ganglion from which
      they originate. The horizontal system has been shown to be post and pre-synaptic
      in nature during its course in the mid-brain and ultimately presynaptic at its
      endings in the periesophageal ring. The peculiar geometric arrangement of the two
      anatomical systems of fibers suggests a precise function in relation to the
      visual world and in particular to the detection of the direction of motion. The
      accuracy of the structural pattern displayed by the giant units in the lobular
      plate seems to suggest that this optic ganglion represents the ultimate orderly
      projection of the external world in the brain of the fly. A short review of the
      electrophysiological data concerning this ganglion has been tentatively
      correlated with some behavioral data related to the visual orientation and
      fixation in insects.

PMID- 963733
TI  - The ultrastructure of paraganglia associated with the inferior mesenteric ganglia
      in the guinea-pig.
AB  - The paraganglia of the inferior mesenteric ganglia in the guinea-pig are composed
      of small chromaffin cells containing an abundance of granule-containing vesicles.
      The chromaffin cells are almost completely surrounded by satellite cells. In
      areas in which satellite cell processes do not intervene, the membranes of
      adjacent chromaffin cells are closely apposed and often form specialized
      attachment zones. The paraganglia contain a dense capillary network, the
      endothelial cells of which are often extremely attenuated and show areas of
      fenestration. The processes of chromaffin cells approach close to the capillary
      walls and are often bare of satellite cells covering on the side facing the
      capillary. Evidence has been obtained for the exocytotic release of the contents
      of chromaffin cell vesicles into pericapillary spaces. Synapses of cholinergic
      and noradrenergic axons are seen on the chromaffin cells. The cholinergic axons
      degenerate when the praganglia are decentralized, but the noradrenergic axons,
      which appear to arise from the local inferior mesenteric ganglia, remain intact.
      The results suggest that the paraganglia have an endocrine function.

PMID- 963734
TI  - Electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of separate neurophysin
      vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic nerve fibres in the neural lobe of
      the rat hypophysis.
AB  - By means of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at
      the electron microscopic level, it was demonstrated that the hormones of the
      neural lobe of the rat hypophysis are located in separate neurophysin
      vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic nerve fibres. These observations
      confirm the results of our previous immunocytochemical studies at the light
      microscopic level.

PMID- 963735
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in spermatozoa of the brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus
      vulpecula (Marsupialia), during epididymal transit. Part II: The acrosome.
AB  - The acrosome in spermatozoa from the caput epididymidis of the Australian Brush
      tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, typically forms a cup-like structure,
      sitting on the anterior third of the dorsal surface of the nucleus. The base of
      the acrosomal 'cup' is narrowly separated from the nuclear surface, while the
      body of the 'cup' projects voluminously away from the nucleus. During epididymal
      transit these pronounced marginal extensions of the acrosome are retracted
      towards the nucleus, and the electron dense acrosomal material undergoes a
      process of compaction within the plasma membrane of the head to produce the
      convex ovate form of the definitive acrosome. During this process a variety of
      bizarre forms of the acrosome are produced before its final configuration is
      attained.

PMID- 963736
TI  - Spermiogenesis in the brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia).
      The development of the acrosome.
AB  - Acrosome development in the Australian Brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus
      vulpecula, displays a number of extraordinary features. This is particularly
      evident in the later stages of spermiogenesis, when the area of the nuclear
      surface bounded by the nuclear ring, and covered by the acrosome, is reduced
      considerable. As a result, the acrosomal material becomes located over its
      definitive position on the anterior third of the dorsal nuclear surface; in this
      process it is thrown into a series of folds, and a wide subacrosomal space is
      formed. Further changes around the time of spermiation result in the release of a
      spermatozoon in which a thin layer of acrosomal material is closely applied to
      the nucleus over the area of the definitive location of the acrosome, whilst its
      margins are greatly extended and project freely away from the nucleus. The latter
      feature does not appear to have been reported for the sperm of other mammals.

PMID- 963737
TI  - Second-order ocellar neurons in the brain of the honeybee (Apis mellifera).
AB  - Electrophoretic injection of Procion Yellow M-R4 into the ocellar tract of the
      worker bee has revealed the following: Two types of giant axon run from the
      lateral ocellus to the circumesophageal neuropile, where one branches
      ipsilaterally and the other contralaterally. A third type comes from the median
      ocellus and can be traced into the cervical connectives. The largest dendritic
      complex is in the circumesophageal neuropile; in addition, fiber endings have
      been demonstrated in the following areas: in the subretinal region, along the
      optic commissure, in the medulla interna, in the subesophageal ganglion and
      between the neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis. -- The giant fibers
      are enclosed in a glial sheath. Three types of cell body are described. One is
      associated with the glia; another, larger cell type comprises giant-axon somata.
      The third type of cell is small, and cannot yet be identified. Some of the
      histological results are discussed with respect to the possible function of the
      ocellus.

PMID- 963738
TI  - Distribution of plague in Rhodesia as demonstrated by serological methods.

PMID- 963739
TI  - Trapping and serum testing of rodents caught prior to the outbreak of plague in
      Rhodesia.

PMID- 963740
TI  - Mono-amniotic twins with true knot between cords.

PMID- 963742
TI  - Measles and the birth rate.

PMID- 963741
TI  - The extent of the practice of family planning among Africans in Mashonaland.

PMID- 963743
TI  - Serum enzyme changes in viral hepatitis in Africans.

PMID- 963744
TI  - A study of the clinical features of malaria in Rhodesia. Part IV. European cases.

PMID- 963746
TI  - My will is in order--is yours?

PMID- 963745
TI  - Materialism, opulence and affluence.

PMID- 963747
TI  - An outbreak of acute adult gastroenteritis ("hypersecretory diarrhoea") in the
      African with two deaths.

PMID- 963748
TI  - The production of antibodies to allogeneic tumor cells by mouse spleen in vitro.

PMID- 963749
TI  - Immune response to Gross virus-induced lymphoma: cryopreservation of functional
      activity of rat lymphocytes and tumor cells.

PMID- 963750
TI  - Stimulation of the immune response against SRBC by reduction of corticosterone
      plasma levels: mediation by mononuclear phagocytes.

PMID- 963751
TI  - Cytolytic antibodies to murine lymphomas elicited by immunization with allogenic
      and syngenic tumors.

PMID- 963752
TI  - Restoration of humoral immune functions following transplantation of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes into cyclophosphamide-treated chicks.

PMID- 963753
TI  - Endothelial-lymphocyte interactions in vitro. I. Adherence of nonallergised
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 963754
TI  - Immunological reactivity of the lung. I. A guinea pig model for the study of
      pulmonary mononuclear cell subpopulations.

PMID- 963755
TI  - Immunological reactivity of the lung II. Cytotoxic effector function of pulmonary
      mononuclear cell subpopulations.

PMID- 963756
TI  - [Frequency and course of functional syndromes of the digestive apparatus
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 963757
TI  - [Importance of transparietal cholangiography for the diagnosis of jaundice
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 963758
TI  - [Megaduodenum (author's transl)].

PMID- 963759
TI  - [Study tour to the German Federal Republic].

PMID- 963760
TI  - [The diagnostic and operative methods dealing with urinary incontinence used in
      gynecological departments (author's transl)].

PMID- 963761
TI  - [Contribution to the problem of the diagnostic and pathogenesis of the urinary
      incontinence in women (author's transl)].

PMID- 963762
TI  - [Evaluation of cystometric curves ascertaining functional ability of the urinary
      bladder (author's transl)].

PMID- 963764
TI  - [The usefulness of examining tests in gynecological urology (author's transl)].

PMID- 963763
TI  - [A simple test evaluating the descensus-type of urinary incontinence (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 963765
TI  - [Phlebographic tracing of the venous system in the true pelvis before and after
      the surgical treatment of the urinary incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 963766
TI  - [The significance of excretion urography used for indications of gynecological
      operations (author's transl)].

PMID- 963767
TI  - [Ultrasonics in preoperative preparation of irritable urinary bladder complicated
      by urinary incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 963768
TI  - [A contribution to preoperative examination used in gynecological-urological
      operations (author's transl)].

PMID- 963769
TI  - [A method of ureteral catheterization by fluid insertion (author's transl)].

PMID- 963770
TI  - [Complex preparation for vaginal operations in elderly women (author's transl)].

PMID- 963771
TI  - [Cardiotonic preparation of female-patients before gynecological vaginal
      operations (author's transl)].

PMID- 963772
TI  - [The relevance of indications used in operative treatment of the urinary
      incontinence with regard to the postoperative effect (author's transl)].

PMID- 963773
TI  - [Indications and techniques of vaginal operations (author's transl)].

PMID- 963774
TI  - [Results gained by operative treatment of the urinary incontinence (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 963775
TI  - [Evaluation of postoperative effect after vaginal plastic operations (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 963776
TI  - [Arterio-venous difference of foetal aminoacids evidenced by various methods of
      plasma deproteination (author's transl)].

PMID- 963777
TI  - [Secretion of proteohormones and steroids in postmenopause and in women with
      corporal uterine cancer (author's transl)].

PMID- 963778
TI  - [Echinococcal infections of the small pelvis].

PMID- 963779
TI  - [Behcet's disease of the vulva].

PMID- 963781
TI  - [Letter: Comments on various problems of assistance in gynecologic operations].

PMID- 963780
TI  - [Letter: Comments on the article of Balak K, Budinska B, Chmelik V. : Various
      problems of assistance in gynecologic operations].

PMID- 963782
TI  - [Gynecologic-obstetrical forensic-medicine problems from the materials of the
      Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic].

PMID- 963783
TI  - [Distribution of intravenously injected 24 NaCl in the tissues of alkali- and
      acid-burned rabbit eyes].

PMID- 963784
TI  - [Changes of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in the rabbit eye during the
      early phase of alkaline and acid burn].

PMID- 963785
TI  - [Effect of contact lenses on the corneal epithelium].

PMID- 963786
TI  - [Effect of aqueous humor exchange on the vitality of corneal epithelium].

PMID- 963787
TI  - [Electrophysiological responses of the visual system to structured photic
      stimuli].

PMID- 963788
TI  - [Fluorescence angiography in pseudoedema of the optic disk].

PMID- 963789
TI  - [Color of the iris and the type of primary glaucoma].

PMID- 963790
TI  - [Cryotherapy of corneal diseases].

PMID- 963792
TI  - [Barkan's goniotomy].

PMID- 963791
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of retinal detachment in children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 963793
TI  - [Nevoid hamartoma of the upper eyelid].

PMID- 963794
TI  - [Epidemic of keratokonjunctivitis at the IInd Eye Clinic in Prague during 1974
      1975].

PMID- 963795
TI  - [Electric drill for removing foreign bodies and its residues from the cornea and
      conjunctiva].

PMID- 963796
TI  - [Comparison of the results of conservative and surgical treatment of compression
      root syndrome in the lumbar region].

PMID- 963797
TI  - [Mental symptomatology in the so-called temporal epilepsy. Group of 150 patients
      at the RCPD (Regional Center for Paroxysmal Diseases)].

PMID- 963798
TI  - [Differential diagnosis pitfalls in cerebellar angioreticulomas].

PMID- 963799
TI  - [Echoencephalography--a screening method for the examination of expanding
      hemispheral processes].

PMID- 963800
TI  - [Experiences with a modification method of the stretch-reflex in
      electromyography].

PMID- 963801
TI  - [A criticism of the century-old dogma attributing a leading role in speech to the
      auditory apparatus. Wernicke's center is nonexistent. The central integrator of
      speech and all semiotic systems in the proprioceptive logasthetic section of the
      area supramarginalis in the dominant hemisphere].

PMID- 963802
TI  - [Clinical proofs against the existence of Wernicke's acoustic center of speech].

PMID- 963803
TI  - [Cortical projection of the area of lingual proprioception in man].

PMID- 963804
TI  - [Physiopathology and diagnosis of brain disorders in semiotic systems: inner
      speech (thought), speech, spoken and written calculation, music and
      constructional apraxia].

PMID- 963805
TI  - [Delinquents and non-delinquents registered at juvenile antialcoholic clinic in
      Prague (author's transl)].

PMID- 963806
TI  - [A comparison of first admissions of mania in Prague, Aarhus and London (a
      transcultural study linked up with the International pilot study of schizophrenia
      of WHO)].

PMID- 963807
TI  - [Treatment of schizophrenia using depot neuroleptics (author's transl)].

PMID- 963808
TI  - [Aphrodisiacs (author's transl)].

PMID- 963809
TI  - [Sexual adaptation in two-year-old marriage (author's transl)].

PMID- 963810
TI  - [Specific and non-specific variables in psychotherapy (author transl)].

PMID- 963811
TI  - [Experience with clozapine in psychiatric home practice (author's transl)].

PMID- 963812
TI  - [Psychopathology of case of Klinefelter's syndrome with chromosomal finding
      48,XXXY (author's transl)].

PMID- 963813
TI  - [Hoigne syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 963814
TI  - [Human reproduction and healthy development of the children's population].

PMID- 963815
TI  - [Psychological significance of early rehabilitation of movement defects in
      children].

PMID- 963816
TI  - [Treatment and rehabilitation of children with minimal brain dysfunction].

PMID- 963817
TI  - [Effect of regular long-term physical exercises on physical fitness in asthmatic
      children].

PMID- 963818
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of clubbed fingers].

PMID- 963819
TI  - [Problems of foreign bodies in lower respiratory airways in children].

PMID- 963820
TI  - [Mesenteric lymphadenitis in a child caused by a combined infection with Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium].

PMID- 963821
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum as an additional finding or a cause of acute abdomen in
      children].

PMID- 963822
TI  - [Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar's syndrome)].

PMID- 963823
TI  - [Problems in criteria for the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis in childhood].

PMID- 963824
TI  - [Relation of body weight to body height in the 2nd 3-year period of life].

PMID- 963825
TI  - [Experiences with a counseling center for parents of adopted children].

PMID- 963826
TI  - [Evaluation of screening for phenylketonuria after 6 years of existence of the
      laboratory].

PMID- 963827
TI  - [Genetic counseling in families with a phenylkenonuric child].

PMID- 963828
TI  - [Erythromycin stearate Spofa--coated tablets for pediatric practice].

PMID- 963829
TI  - [Poisoning by nasal drops Sanorin in a 2-year-old toddler].

PMID- 963830
TI  - Bromosulfophthalein half-time elimination test in children with chronic liver
      disease after single intravenous administration of the dye.

PMID- 963831
TI  - [Behaviour of monosynaptic spinal reflexes in the application of double stimuli
      in normal children].

PMID- 963832
TI  - Speech problems in a national survey: assessments and prevalences.
AB  - In this paper we present data on the prevalence of speech problems in a
      nationally representative group of children according to three modes of
      assessment. There was a large measure of disagreement between the assessments.
      Sex, social class, birth order and family size differences were examined. There
      was indirect evidence to suggest that the social class differences in the
      teacher's assessments of poor speech could be explained in terms of differences
      in children's dialect and language rather than a reflection of speech deficits.
      Finally we examined the relationship between parental assessment and the three
      modes of assessment. Overall, the degree of concurrence was low.

PMID- 963833
TI  - An electrogenic sodium pump and baroreceptor function in normotensive and
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Postexcitatory depression (PED) and adaptation were examined in slowly adapting
      aortic baroreceptors of normotensive rats (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR); an aortic arch-aortic nerve preparation in vitro was used. PED was
      elicited either mechanically by employing single or double pressure steps, or
      electrically by antidromic stimulation of the aortic nerve. During PED the axon
      of the receptor was capable of conducting action potentials and the receptor
      itself could respond to increased pressures. The relationship between duration of
      PED and number of impulses preceding it was hyperbolic. In NTR's and SHR's PED
      was abolished by ouabain or solutions containing no potassium, neither of which
      affected the steady state pressure-volume relationship of the aorta. These
      interventions, which are known to block electrogenic pumps, also lowered the
      pressure threshold and increased the curvature of the steady state pressure
      frequency curve. Furthermore, lithium, another agent that blocks electrogenic
      pumps, also abolished PED. Thus, PED is attributed mainly to an electrogenic
      sodium pump which operates normally in baroreceptors. We found that adaptation
      from peak transient to steady state frequency did not appear to be altered
      significantly when the pump was blocked. Blockage of the pump by ouabain is
      responsible for the baroreceptor reflex effects elicited by this drug. We
      conclude that resetting and reduced sensitivity in SHR baroreceptors are not
      attributed to significant differences in electrogenic pump activity.

PMID- 963834
TI  - Effect of variation in dietary NaCl intake on total and fractional renal blood
      flow in the normal and mercury-intoxicated rat.
AB  - We studied the effect of different chronic (3-4 weeks) dietary salt intakes on
      intrarenal hemodynamics of normal and mercury-intoxicated rats. Cardiac output
      (CO), total renal blood flow (RBF), and the zonal perfusion rate in the outer
      cortex (OC) and inner cortex (IC) were measured by the radioactive microsphere
      method. The distribution of cortical blood flow was calculated as the
      distribution index (DI), which reflects the ratio OC/IC. Rats were placed on a
      high salt diet (group I), intermediate salt diet (group II), or low salt diet
      (group III). For each group control rats (subgroup A) and mercury-intoxicated
      rats (subgroup B) were studied. No effect of the different salt intakes on the DI
      could be detected. The DI in group IA was 2.35 +/- 0.14; in IIA, 2.40 +/- 0.16;
      and in IIIA, 2.38 +/- 0.09 (P greater than 0.05). After mercury injection RBF
      changed from 5.32 +/- 0.36 ml/g.min(-1) (IIA) to 3.31 +/- 0.20 ml/g.min(-1), IIB
      and from 4.32 +/- 0.11ml/g.min(-1) (IIIA) to 1.98 +/- 0.10 ml/g.min(-1) (IIIB) P
      less than 0.01). The DI was lowered to 1.53 +/- 0.06 (IIB) (P less than 0.05) and
      to 1.16 +/- 0.10 (IIIB) (P less than 0.01). In both IIB and IIIB a marked
      elevation of the blood urea was noted (IIB = 97 +/- 9 MG/100 ML AND IIIB = 182 +/
      25 mg/100 ml). In group IB no effect on RBF, OC, IC, or DI could be observed
      (for all values, P greater than 0.05) despite similar histological renal lesions.
      Group IB rats also had normal blood urea levels (31 +/- 6 mg/100 ml;P greater
      than 0.05). We conclude (1) that variations in dietary salt intake appear to have
      no detectable effect on the intracortical blood flow distribution; and
      furthermore (2) that the mercury-induced acute renal failure (ARF) is
      characterized hemodynamically by a total renal and preferential outer cortical
      ischemia and that chronic salt loading prevents the ARF while preserving normal
      renal perfusion.

PMID- 963835
TI  - Effects of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia on left ventricular function and
      distribution of cardiac output in dogs, with particular reference to the
      mechanism for tachycardia.
AB  - Sodium pentobarbital (PB), 30 mg/kg, iv, was administered to 30 conscious dogs
      instrumented for measurement of cardiac output and regional blood flow
      distribution, left ventricular (LV) diameter, LV pressure, dP/dt, and dD/dt,
      i.e., velocity of myocardial fiber shortening. Ventilation was controlled during
      anesthesia to maintain arterial blood gases at control values for conscious dogs.
      The anesthetic produced an initial transient, peripheral vasodilation but the
      steady state effects 15-30 minutes later were characterized by slight reductions
      in mesenteric flow and cardiac output and increases in mesenteric and systemic
      resistances, whereas iliac and renal resistances were not significantly different
      from control. When heart rate rose, PB increased end-systolic diameter and
      decreased coronary resistance, LV end-diastolic diameter, dP/dt/P (42%), and
      shortening velocity (36%). When heart rate was controlled, PB still increased end
      systolic diameter and decreased shortening velocity and dP/dt/P, as occurred
      during spontaneous rhythm, but end-diastolic diameter rose instead of falling and
      coronary resistance did not change. After recovery from bilateral cervical
      section of both carotid sinus and aortic nerves, PB failed to elicit tachycardia.
      Thus, PB affects systemic and regional hemodynamics only slightly, but depresses
      the myocardium markedly. The tachycardia associated with PB anesthesia in intact,
      trained dogs appears not to be only vagolytic, as previously thought, but is
      predominantly mediated through the arterial baroreceptor reflex.

PMID- 963836
TI  - Bioassay in vivo for circulating vasoactive agents after renal artery
      constriction in dogs.
AB  - We used the gracilis muscle vascular bed to bioassay blood from the two renal
      veins, vena cava, and aorta continuously for the presence of vasoactive agents
      before and for 45 minutes after partial occlusion of the left renal artery in
      dogs. Compared to comparable blood samples from control dogs, left renal venous,
      vena caval, and aortic blood, but not right renal venous blood, from dogs with
      renal artery constriction developed vasoconstrictor activity. This was associated
      with increased renin concentration in plasma from the left renal vein and the
      vena cava and an increase in systemic arterial pressure. In dogs pretreated with
      indomethacin, blood from the right renal vein also showed vasoconstrictor
      activity. Pretreatment with antirenin serum abolished all of the differences
      between control and experimental dogs. These findings suggest that during acute
      unilateral renal artery constriction the constricted kidney releases renin and
      the contralateral kidney releases prostaglandins in sufficient quantity to
      produce systemic vascular effects.

PMID- 963837
TI  - beta-adrenergic blockade in essential hypertension: reduced renin release despite
      renal vasoconstriction.
AB  - The acute effects of small doses of intravenous propranolol on renin release and
      on circulatory dynamics were studied at the time of renal arteriography in 12
      persons with essential hypertension. All of the subjects had a normal peripheral
      renin response to chronic sodium depletion and all had normal renal function.
      Seven subjects received a 10-mEq sodium diet. At the time of arteriography,
      arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, cardiac output, renal blood flow, and
      arterial and renal venous renin activity were measured before and 6-20 minutes
      after the intravenous administration of propranolol (9-18 mjg/kg). Average renin
      secretion rate in the salt-depleted subjects fell from 367 +/- 80 (SEM) U/ml per
      100 g/min to 122 +/- 51 U/ml per 100 g (P=0.03) and renal plasma flow fell from
      189 to 155 ml/min per 100 g (P = 0.018). We also found that in the salt-loaded
      subjects, renal plasma flow fell from 213 to 184 ml/min per 100 g (P = 0.025),
      whereas renin secretion did not change significantly in either group. We conclude
      that propranolol rapidly blocks renin release despite circulatory changes which
      ordinarily constitute a stimulus for renin secretion, i.e., renal
      vasoconstriction and reduced renal blood flow.

PMID- 963838
TI  - Gestational changes in pulmonary vascular responses in fetal lambs in utero.
AB  - Pulmonary arterial (PA) blood flow patterns, changes in pulmonary blood flow, and
      pulmonary vascular responses to graded hypoxemia and intravenous acetylcholine
      (ACh) were studied in 15 fetal lambs in utero 3-12 days after surgical
      implantation of an electromagnetic flow transducer and PA catheter. Phasic PA
      flow in the fetus was forward only during the first third of systole, almost zero
      during midsystole, and backward during late systole and early diastole. In
      contrast, neonatal lambs showed forward PA flow throughout systole. The
      constriction of the fetal pulmonary vasculature in response to progressive
      hypoxemia varied with gestational age. At 103 days there was no significant drop
      in PA flow and only a small increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) with
      hypoxemia. The greatest increase in Rp was seen in fetuses after 121 days of
      gestation. This response was unaffected by alpha- and beta-sympathetic and
      parasympathetic blockade. Similarly, the pulmonary vascular response to ACh
      injected into the fetal jugular vein depended on gestational age. Little or no
      increase in pulmonary flow was noted in the youngest fetus, whereas ACh produced
      a marked increase in pulmonary flow in festuses over 120 days of gestation. These
      data suggest that the mechanisms by which hypoxemia constricts and ACh relaxes
      the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle are not fully developed in fetal lambs at
      100 days of gestation and furthermore, that these mechanisms progressively
      develop during the last third of gestation.

PMID- 963839
TI  - Lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in experimental renovascular
      hypertension in the baboon.
AB  - The effect of chronic renovascular hypertension on the autoregulation of cerebral
      blood flow was studied in anesthetized baboons. Cerebral blood flow was measured
      by the intracarotid 133Xe clearance method. Six baboons with renal hypertension
      of 8-12 weeks' duration were compared with six normotensive controls. The lower
      limit of autoregulation was determined following controlled hemorrhage. In the
      initially normotensive baboons, cerebral blood flow remained constant until mean
      arterial pressure had decreased to the range of 45-59 mm Hg. Thereafter, cerebral
      blood flow decreased with each further decrease in mean arterial pressure. In the
      chronically hypertensive baboons cerebral blood flow autoregulated until the mean
      arterial pressure had decreased to the range of 75-89 mm Hg. Therefore, the lower
      limit of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow was shifted to higher absolute
      levels of mean arterial pressure in baboons with chronic renovascular
      hypertension presumably due to adaptive changes in the cerebral circulation.

PMID- 963840
TI  - The response of canine coronary vascular resistance to local alterations in
      coronary arterial P CO2.
AB  - The effect of hypercapnia on coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was studied in
      seven open-chest dogs. Coronary blood flow was supplied to the cannulated left
      main coronary artery from the femoral artery by a precision pump. Coronary
      arterial PCO2 was locally controlled with a small membrane oxygenator in the
      coronary perfusion circuit. Each PCO2 change was made at a constant coronary
      flow, and CVR was calculated from the ratio of perfusion pressure to flow.
      Coronary sinus (CS) PCO2 and PO2 were recorded continuously from blood withdrawn
      through a CS catheter. Normocapnia (PCO2 = 42.3 +/- 2.8 mm Hg) was obtained with
      a membrane oxygenator gas composition of 95% O2-5% CO2, and hypocapnia was
      produced with 100% O2-0% CO2. In addition to physiology normal coronary flow
      (determined by a CS PO2 of 20-30 mm Hg) relatively high and low flow states were
      studied. At a normal control CS PO2, a decrease in coronary arterial PCO2 from
      42.3 +/- 2.8 to 23.8 +/- 1.3 mm Hg caused CVR to increase by 84.2%, from 1.27 +/-
      0.06 to 2.30 +/- 0.04 units. Since pH was inversely related to PCO2, the effect
      on CVR may have been mediated through a pH change. CS PCO2 decreased from 65.2 +/
      1.9 to 39.4 +/- 1.3 mm Hg. myocardial oxygen consumption was unchanged.
      Increases in CVR of 74.5, 119.5, and 69.3% occurred during hypocapnia in three
      additional experiments in which control arterial PO2 was maintained at 52-90 mm
      Hg. When CS PO2 was greater than 30 mm Hg, the normocapnic CVR was high, and was
      only minimally increased by hypocapnia. When coronary flow was reduced to an
      ischemic level there was little response in CVR to hypocapnia. Thus the level of
      arterial PCO2 can have an important effect on CVR independent of changes in O2
      consumption. Myocardial PCO2, derived from metabolically produced CO2 and
      contributed to by arterial CO2, may be a major factor in normal control of
      coronary flow.

PMID- 963841
TI  - The effect of prostaglandin A1 on renin and aldosterone in man.
AB  - Blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma aldosterone (PA), renin, and cortisol were
      monitored during graded intravenous infusions of prostaglandin At (PGA)1), 0.075
      0.6 mug/kg min-1, alone and superimposed on angiotensin II (A II) administration
      in five normal men. The infusions of PGA1 did not affect blood pressure, but did
      progressively increase the pulse rate up to 15.2 +/- 2.0 (SEM- beats/min at the
      highest prostaglandin dose (0.6 mug/kg min-1). Both PA and plasma renin activity
      (PRA) increased in a dose-related fashion in response to the prostaglandin
      infusions. Aldosterone increased from a control of 4.8 +/- 0.4 to 20.7 +/- 1.2 ng
      and PRA increased from 0.9 +/- 0.1 to 5.4 +/- 0.4 ng/ml hr-1 at the dose of 0.6
      mug/kg min-1. The correlation between the aldosterone and renin values was r =
      0.85 P less than 0.001. In separate experiments, acute volume expansion with 2
      liters of saline did not affect the increase in renin activity induced by
      exogenous prostaglandin. A II (5 ng/kg min-1) increased aldosterone and blood
      pressure and decreased the pulse rate. The hemodynamic effects were progressively
      reversed by the superimposed prostaglandin infusions, but the observed changes in
      renin and aldosterone concentrations were not further altered. The PA response to
      A II infusions was not influenced by indomethacin pretreatment. Prostaglandin A
      (infusion) appears to have a direct effect on renin release in man.

PMID- 963843
TI  - ST-segment mapping. Realistic and unrealistic expectations.

PMID- 963842
TI  - Morphology and relationship to extensibility curves of human mitral valve chordae
      tendineae.
AB  - Human mitral valve chordae tendineae in which elastic response curves are
      nonlinear have also been found to exhibit extensibility that increases with
      chordal size and decreases with chordal age. We used selective enzymatic
      digestion and scanning transmission electron microscopy to explain these
      observations. Removal of the outer elastin sheath by enzymatic digestion did not
      significantly affect the elastic response of this tissue. Scanning electron
      microscopy revealed that the collagen fibers in the central core of young chordae
      exhibited a very wavy pattern but the pattern in adult specimens was relatively
      straight. The increased waviness accounted for the greater extensibility of the
      young specimens. The collagen fibers from young and old chordae consisted of a
      network of collagen fibrils that became more collapsed when the tissue was fixed
      under tension. This network arrangement of the fibrils explains the nonlinearity
      in the elastic response of the tissue. Transmission electron micrographs showed
      that the density of collagen fibrils decreased as chordal size increased. The
      number of fibrils per 10(-8) cm2 of the central core decreased from 182.4 (SE =
      1.3) to 131.3 (SE = 1.6) as average chordal cross-sectional area increased from
      0.0016 cm2 to 0.0268 cm2. This difference in fibril density provides an
      explanation for the greater extensibility shown by the thicker chordae. The
      collagen fibril diameters ranged from 516 A to 552 A.

PMID- 963844
TI  - ST-segment potentials and mapping. Theory and experiments.

PMID- 963845
TI  - Echocardiographic detection of intracardiac right-to-left shunts following
      peripheral vein injections.
AB  - A contrast echocardiographic technique using peripheral vein injections for the
      detection and localization of intracardiac right-to-left shunting is described.
      Fifty children underwent cardiac catheterization and peripheral contrast
      echocardiographic studies. The site, degree, and direction of shunting were
      established at catheterization by oximetry, indicator dilution analysis and/or
      angiography. Peripheral vein injections were performed from the right antecubital
      vein or the right saphenous vein. Right-to-left shunts were documented at
      catheterization in 27/50 patients; contrast echocardiographic studies indicated
      the presence and level of shunting in all 27 patients. The contrast
      echocardiographic technique using peripheral vein injections detects and
      localizes right-to-left intracardiac shunting. It is a safe and sensitive method
      to evaluate systemic desaturation in ambulatory and postoperative patients.

PMID- 963846
TI  - Echocardiographic features of congenital left ventricular inflow obstruction.
AB  - The echocardiographic features of congenital left ventricular inflow obstruction
      are described in six patients. The echocardiograms in two patients with cor
      triatriatum were distinguished by normal mitral valve motion and an abnormal echo
      within the left atrium. In two patients with supravalvar mitral ring, in addition
      to abnormal mitral valve motion, an abnormal echo, presumably originating from
      the obstructive membrane, was located between the anterior and posterior mitral
      leaflets. In two cases of parachute mitral valve, mitral valve motion was
      abnormal. In one of these cases there were multiple mitral valve echoes similar
      to those found in supravalvar mitral ring. The echocardiographic identification
      of an obstructive membrane within the left atrium is difficult because of the
      occurrence of artifacts. However, membranes may be identified if careful scanning
      techniques are employed in patients in whom left ventricular inflow obstruction
      is suspected. The echocardiogram is useful in detecting mitral valve
      abnormalities in these patients and is valuable in cases where mitral valve
      replacement is contemplated.

PMID- 963847
TI  - Multiple accessory pathways in patients with the pre-excitation syndrome.
AB  - We have studied 135 patients with the pre-excitation syndrome and have
      demonstrated evidence of multiple accessory pathways in 20 patients. Five
      patients had two distinct accessory atrioventricular (A-V) connections,
      associated with enhanced A-V node conduction in one patient. Twelve patients had
      a single accessory A-V connection associated with enhanced A-V conduction. In one
      of these there was an additional fasciculo-ventricular connection. One patient
      had an accessory A-V connection associated with a nodoventricular bundle. Two
      patients had fasciculo-ventricular connections combined with enhanced A-V
      conduction. The latter two patients had electrocardiograms suggestive of a
      complete accessory A-V connection. Patients with enhanced A-V conduction had
      shorter cycle lengths during reciprocating tachycardia, primarily because of a
      short A-H during the dysrhythmia, than those without such conduction. In
      addition, patients with enhanced A-V conduction demonstrated more rapid
      conduction from atrium to His bundle during induced atrial fibrillation and two
      developed life-threatening ventricular responses during atrial fibrillation. A
      nodo-ventricular pathway was documented to participate in reciprocating
      tachycardia in one patient. Surgery was undertaken in 13 patients. In 11, the
      intraoperative mapping studies confirmed the preoperative predictions. In two
      patients, the presence of a second accessory A-V connection was documented after
      ablation of one.

PMID- 963848
TI  - Use of changes in the epicardial QRS complex to assess interventions which modify
      the extent of myocardial necrosis following coronary artery occlusion.
AB  - The goal of this study was to determine if changes in the epicardial QRS complex
      after coronary artery occlusion (CAO) can be used to evaluate the efficacy of
      interventions designed to limit infarct size. Forty-one open-chest dogs with CAO
      were studied: 15 were controls, 18 received hyaluronidase and eight received
      propranolol starting 20 minutes after CAO. Epicardial ECGs were recorded at
      specific time intervals to analyze ST-segment elevation and changes in Q and R
      waves. Transmural specimens were obtained 24 hours after CAO from the same sites
      at which ECGs were recorded. Q wave development (deltaQ), R wave fall (deltaR),
      and their combination (deltaR + deltaQ) at 24 hours correlated with the extent of
      necrosis, as determined by myocardial creatine phosphokinase activity depression
      and histologic appearance. In the control group ST-segment elevation 15 minutes
      after CAO (ST15M) predicted changes in Q and R waves 24 hours later; in the
      treated groups, the same ST15M prior to drug administration resulted in
      significantly less QRS changes. Thus, 1) Q wave development and R wave fall 24
      hours after CAO accurately reflect myocardial necrosis. 2) ST15M predicts
      subsequent changes in Q and R waves. 3) The efficacy of hyaluronidase and
      propranolol, agents previously shown to reduce myocardial necrosis, can be
      detected by less Q wave development and a smaller fall in R wave voltage.

PMID- 963849
TI  - The protective effect of hyperosmotic mannitol in myocardial ischemia and
      necrosis.
AB  - Morphologic and hemodynamic changes that occur following coronary occlusion are
      examined. The effectiveness of hyperosmotic mannitol in lessening the extent of
      myocardial damage is assessed and mechanisms for its action discussed. Forty and
      60 min of coronary vascular occlusion followed by 15 and 45 min of reflow were
      associated with a persistence of ischemia following reflow of blood, as
      established by infusions of silastic into the aortic root. Electron microscopic
      studies demonstrated myocardial and endothelial cell swelling at the end of the
      reflow period. The process of cell swelling appeared to be initiated during the
      period of arterial occlusion. This cell swelling was reduced by elevation of
      serum osmolality by 30-40 mOsm above control with the administration of mannitol
      during and following occlusion. There was an associated 40-50% reduction of
      vascular resistance following occlusion if mannitol was administered. In
      addition, the extent of necrosis, which was widespread in untreated hearts 12
      hours after occlusion, was strikingly less in the hearts of dogs which received
      mannitol. Thus, in ischemic myocardium, elevation of osmolality by mannitol
      reduces myocardial necrosis, probably through its restoration of normal cell
      volume.

PMID- 963850
TI  - Regional contractility. Selective depression of ischemic myocardium by verapamil.
AB  - The effects of verapamil (0.02-0.2 mg/kg) on contractility in normal and
      partially ischemic myocardium were compared with the changes following
      propranolol (0.01-1.0 mg/kg). Regional contractile function was studied in open
      chest dogs with ultrasonic crystals and ischemia was controlled by graded
      occlusion of a carotid-to-coronary artery shunt. Reduction in shunt perfusion
      pressure (40-55 mm Hg) resulted in hypokinesia. Verapamil depressed contractility
      in ischemic myocardium in 5/5 dogs, but did not alter the maximum velocity of
      shortening (max V) or end-diastolic segment length in normal myocardium.
      Propranolol in doses sufficient to depress ischemic myocardium also depressed
      contractile function in normal myocardium. In two dogs without coronary
      occlusion, verapamil (up to 1.0 mg/kg) increased end-diastolic segment length but
      did not reduce max V. We conclude that verapamil selectively depresses ischemic
      myocardium, a finding that may have clinical implication since ischemic injury
      can be decreased by reducing contractility (and thereby MVO2).

PMID- 963851
TI  - Stress testing with ST-segment depression at rest. An angiographic correlation.
AB  - Near maximal graded exercise tests and coronary angiograms were compared in 37
      patients with a history of chest pain and with ST segment depression at rest, who
      were free of obvious nonischemic causes of ST depression. Additional ST
      depression of 0.1 mV or more occurred with exercise in 26 patients and 23 of
      these had obstruction of one or more coronary arteries (sensitivity = 0.92).
      Eleven patients showed no additional ST-segment depression with exercise, and
      nine of these had normal coronary angiograms (specificity = 0.75). Patients with
      no increase in ST depression on exercise developed the highest heart rates; those
      with asymptomatic additional ST depression achieved intermediate rates; and those
      with anginal attacks during testing demonstrated the least heart rate
      acceleration. Those with less coronary obstruction exercised longer on the
      treadmill than those with more obstruction. Those showing added ST depression
      were predominantly men (18 of 26) and were older (mean 54 years) than those who
      did not (mean 44 years). No test complications were encountered. This study
      suggests that safe and effective stress testing may be accomplished not only in
      persons with normal resting ECGs but also in selected patients who have abnormal
      ST segments at rest.

PMID- 963852
TI  - Limitations of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigrams.
AB  - The reliability of myocardial perfusion scintigrams with thallium-201 (201Tl) for
      detecting areas of hypoperfusion was assessed in 16 closed-chest dogs. Variable
      areas of ischemia were produced either by occluding or stenosing the left
      anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac scintigrams taken in four
      projections were compared with regional myocardial perfusion maps. Segmental
      concentrations and segmental perfusions were quantitated by counting the
      emissions from 201Tl and the microspheres in each of 96 segments of the left
      ventricle. In addition, studies with a phantom were performed. The results
      indicate: 1) The emissions from 201Tl and from microspheres correlated well in
      ischemic segments (r = 0.93 +/- SE 0.02). 2) Seven of twelve ischemic hearts had
      definitely abnormal scintigrams and in each of these the hypoperfused zone was
      greater than 4.9 grams and perfusion was decreased by more than 45%. 3) In the
      phantom, abnormal scintigrams could be detected in the presence of lesser
      deficits than in the dogs. The limitation of the thallium perfusion scintigrams
      will be the inconsistent detection of small perfusion deficits.

PMID- 963853
TI  - Effect of coronary thrombus age on fibrinogen uptake.
AB  - A study was carried out to define the time limits during which an experimental
      coronary thrombus remains capable of incorporating fibrinogen. 131I-fibrinogen
      was given to intact anesthetized dogs at different time intervals, up to 67
      hours, following the formation of a coronary thrombus by catheter-electrode.
      Radioactivity of the recovered thrombi as a whole and segmentally divided, was
      determined following variable time intervals of exposure to circulating
      fibrinogen and was expressed as thrombus/blood ratio. The results indicate that
      coronary thrombi formed in a normal coronary vessel remain capable of
      incorporating fibrinogen for at least eighteen hours, with no significant
      differences in the segmental distribution of radioactivity. These findings do not
      support the view that the recovery of isotopic fibrinogen, which was given after
      the onset of coronary symptoms, in thrombi from patients with myocardial
      infarction establishes that the thrombus was initiated after the ischemic
      process.

PMID- 963854
TI  - Continuous murmur following Mustard operation for transposition of the great
      arteries. A sign of pulmonary venous obstruction.
AB  - Three patients developed severe pulmonary venous obstruction following Mustard
      operation for transposition of the great arteries. Each patient had a soft
      continuous murmur with distinct diastolic accentuation at the low left sternal
      border or xiphoid area. Simultaneous recording of intracardiac sound and pressure
      in one patient showed that the murmur originated at the site of obstruction in
      the surgically-constructed pulmonary venous atrium. Selective cineangiograms
      demonstrated the baffle to be the cause of the obstruction. A continuous murmur
      in a patient following Mustard operation may suggest significant pulmonary venous
      obstruction.

PMID- 963855
TI  - De subitaneis mortibus. XX. Cardiac electrical instability in the presence of a
      left superior vena cava.
AB  - Abnormalities of cardiac rhythm have been reported by others in patients with a
      persistent left superior vena cava. We present the histological findings from
      postmortem examination of the cardiac conduction system of two such patients. The
      first patient was a schoolboy who died suddenly and unexpectedly. His sinus node
      was abnormally small, his A-V node contained numerous venous lacunae and was
      stretched out beneath the enlarged coronary sinus, both A-V node and His bundle
      were dispersed in the central fibrous body in a fetal pattern, and isolated
      fragments of A-V nodal tissue were connected to the myocardium at the crest of
      the interventricular septum. The second patient complained of palpitations many
      months prior to surgical correction of an interventricular septal defect; his
      postoperative course included multiple arrhythmias and he died suddenly on the
      16th postoperative day. Although his sinus node was histologically normal, the
      nutrient artery contained a polypoid fibromuscular  mass virtually occluding its
      lumen; his A-V node and His bundle were also dispersed in the central fibrous
      body in the fetal pattern, and the A-V node contained numerous venous lacunae as
      well as being histologically disorganized in its cytological pattern. These
      anatomical findings may indicate a basis for various forms of cardiac electrical
      instability, and deserve consideration in the future evaluation of any patient
      found to have a persistent left superior vene cava, but particularly if there is
      clinical evidence suggesting an arrhythmia or conduction disturbance.

PMID- 963856
TI  - Aprindine.

PMID- 963857
TI  - Minimize interobserver differences.

PMID- 963858
TI  - Differentiation of 2:1 A-V block from sinus bradycardia as diagnosed by
      echocardiography.

PMID- 963860
TI  - Displacement cardiography and cardiogenic oscillations.

PMID- 963859
TI  - Ejection fraction and mitral insufficiency.

PMID- 963861
TI  - Predisposing factors and the development of reaginic allergy in infancy.
AB  - In a prospective study of fifty-eight newborn infants of parents with reaginic
      allergy, twenty-seven developed eczema and twenty-eight positive prick tests to
      one or more of six antigens during the first year of life. These reaginic
      manifestations were related to presymptomatic transient IgA deficiency. The
      development of positive skin tests was also related to HLA A1 B8, and to season
      of birth. The order of frequency of positivity was Dermatophagoides, grass
      pollens, cat fur, feathers and cow's milk. The skin tests were often positive in
      infants in whom serum IgE was not detected. The eczema disappeared and the skin
      tests became negative in some infants at the end of the first year. This work
      suggests that sensitization in the new-born period is important in the subsequent
      development of disease.

PMID- 963862
TI  - Immunological development in infants of allergic parents.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulins were determined every 4 months from cord blood to age 2
      years in ninety-two infants of allergic parents. By 7 months of age, the
      concentration of IgA was significantly greater in infants who developed atopic
      dermatitis than those who did not. The IgA was also significantly greater than in
      matched non-allergic controls. The difference continued to the end of the 2-year
      study. No significant difference was found in the three groups for levels of IgG
      and IgM. These findings differ from the results of a previous report and possible
      explanations are presented.

PMID- 963863
TI  - Asthma and wheezy bronchitis in children. Skin test reactivity in cases, their
      parents and siblings. A controlled population study of sex differences.
AB  - Twice as many boys as girls are prone to wheeze (15-3% compared with 7%). This
      study examines the possible immunological basis for this phenomenon. There were
      1064 children in this survey. The family of each wheezy child was indexed, and a
      control sample of families was selected. At least 85% of the study population
      were skin tested for Type 1 allergic reactions. An interval survey of values for
      FEV1, FVC and PEFR against height was completed. Of 118 wheezy subjects there
      were 83/542 boys and 35/522 girls. Single and multiple sensitivity, the capacity
      to react to two or more major allergens, is examined. Of the child asthmatics,
      significant differences from controls emerge for pollens, foods and the house
      dust mite. These differences are borne out with multiple sensitivity. (P greater
      than 0-001.) Of the brothers and sisters of asthmatics, only the sisters show
      differences from controls. This is true for grass pollen, cow's milk and the
      house dust mite, and also to a highly significant degree for multiple sensitivity
      (P greater than 0-001). When the incidence of multiple sensitivity is expressed
      for all children in the asthma group, that is, cases and their siblings, the sex
      difference is not demonstrable. The mothers (P greater than 0-05) and fathers (P
      greater than 0-01), of asthmatics also differ from control parents in respect of
      skin sensitivity. If multiple sensitivity is equated with atopy, it may not be
      the main determination of the capacity to wheeze, and thus of the sex difference.
      The mean curve for interval PEFR for asthmatic children was significantly lower
      than that of control children and of the brothers and sisters of asthmatics.

PMID- 963864
TI  - Demonstration of reaginic antibodies on human basophils by immune adherence to
      allergen-coated Sepharose beads.
AB  - Human basophils purified by gradient density centrifugation and differential
      glass bead adherence were interacted with grass pollen allergen in particulate
      form prepared by covalent coupling of Dactylis glomerata protein concentrate to
      Sepharose beads. Basophils from allergic subjects were found to interact
      specifically with the allergen-coated bead surface in a manner so highly
      characteristic that false negatives with basophils from non-allergic subjects or
      subjects with unrelated allergies were not encountered. Microscopic examination
      indicated that the specifically stained malleable basophils had adapted in a
      multi-point attachment to the rigid bead surface by becoming one-sidedly
      flattened against it. When using basophils from highly pollen sensitive subjects
      all the beads carried basophils and sometimes as many as thirty per bead. The
      percentage of beads with basophils and the number of basophils per bead roughly
      correlated with clinical history and skin tests. Immunocytoadherence of the
      basophils to the allergen-coated beads was specifically inhibited by anti-IgE and
      anti-allergen antibodies, including reagins.

PMID- 963865
TI  - Intranasal steroid aerosol in perennial rhinitis: comparison with an
      antihistamine compound.
AB  - Intranasal betamethasone valerate aerosol, given for 28 days, was compared with
      an oral antihistamine compound in a couble-blind, double-dummy, cross-over trial
      involving thirty patients with perennial rhinitis. The steroid aerosol was more
      effective in reducing symptoms and was preferred by the patients (P less than 0
      01). Nasal blockage index, calculated from oral and nasal peak expiratory flow
      measurements, did not provide useful or additional information. There were no
      side effects from the steroid and Candida albicans was not cultured from nasal
      swabs. It is concluded that beta-methasone valerate aerosol is a suitable short
      term alternative for patients whose perennial rhinitis fails to respond to
      conventional therapy.

PMID- 963866
TI  - The relationship between bronchial histamine reactivity and atopic status.
AB  - It has been proposed that increased production of IgE, a feature of atopy, is a
      cause of the non-specific bronchial hyper-reactivity that is characterisitc of
      asthma. This hypothesis was examined by selecting groups of subjects with asthma
      or rhinitis and a group of healthy control subjects and studying the relationship
      between their bronchial histamine reactivity and their atopic status. In none of
      the groups tested was there a significant association between the degree of
      bronchial histamine reactivity and either the serum level of total IgE or the
      number of extracts of aeroallergens giving positive prick test reactions.

PMID- 963867
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative comparison of pollen calendars for plain and
      mountain areas.
AB  - A comparison of the quantity and the quality of pollen content in the atmosphere
      of two regions, one of the plains bordering the Mediterranean sea (altitude 40
      m), the other of the mountains of the Pyrenees (altitude 1550 m), was made during
      the climatological year 1974-1975. The method which was used intercepts the
      pollen flux of the atmosphere with a vertical filtering unit, which is exposed
      facing the direction of wind on the filtering door of the weather-vane and
      collects much larger quantities of pollen than the other techniques of
      collection. The atmospheric currents displace from one region to another numerous
      spores and pollens, the trajectories of which are directly influenced by the
      general circulation of the atmosphere. The density of these fluxes can be very
      large, reaching 2500 grains/m3 of air at M.T.P.R. in the last week of January;
      the taxons collected are very numerous (more than 700). The atmospheric transfer
      of pollen modifies largely the pollen content of the atmosphere of different
      flowering domains. These interferences manifest themselves in the simplest cases
      by the presence of two peaks of concentration, the principal corresponding to the
      local efflorescence, the second to the pollen transferred from other regions. The
      pollen concentrations in the mountains are one-third of those in the plains.
      Pollination in the mountains is several weeks late in comparison to the plain
      during the first semester, whereas during the second semester, it is the plains
      that show a certain delay. These findings show why some allergic patients who go
      to the mountains during summer are affected twice by pollination.

PMID- 963868
TI  - Identification of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the sera of African
      asthmatics.
AB  - Of eighty African asthmatics, sixty-three had significant levels of specific IgE
      against the house dust mite dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. By contrast, grass
      specific IgE was found in six patients and mould-specific IgE in none. Sixty
      three patients also had symptoms predominantly during the rainy season. Positive
      skin tests against D. pteronyssinus correlated well with the presence of mite
      specific IgE, as did the size of these skin test weals with the amount of
      specific IgE. For grass pollen and moulds there was no such relationship. There
      was no correlation between a history of sensitivity to house dust and either skin
      tests or specific IgE against D. pteronyssinus. The results support previous
      findings that it is allergy to house dust mite and not to grass pollens or moulds
      which is important in producing the seasonal symptoms in our patients.

PMID- 963869
TI  - Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents--persulphate salts and henna in
      hairdressers.

PMID- 963870
TI  - Asthma due to 'glycyl compound' powder--an intermediate in production of
      salbutamol.

PMID- 963871
TI  - Preanesthetic care. Preoperative management of the patient with a full stomach.

PMID- 963872
TI  - Transportation and emergency care. Emergency medical systems.

PMID- 963873
TI  - Preanesthetic care. Intoxication and trauma.
AB  - On the basis of the above discussion, a number of useful guidelines appear for
      the anesthetic management of alcohol and drug abusers. 1. Because of the
      decreased ability of intoxicated patients to withstand hemorrhage, blood
      replacement therapy should probably be instituted earlier than in the
      nonintoxicated patient. 2. Because the chronic alcoholic may actually be iso
      osmotically overhydrated, fluid therapy must be planned with care. 3. Because of
      the tendency to hypoglycemia, glucose should be added to the fluid management
      regimen. 4. Because of the enzyme induction effect of chronic ETOH ingestion,
      anesthetic agents that are in part metabolized (methoxyflurane, halothane,
      fluroxene) are perhaps best avoided. Increased ability to metabolize anesthetic
      agents appears to be associated with toxicity. 5. Because ETOH is a CNS
      depressant and has been shown to have amnesia-inducing properties,
      supplementation of nitrous oxide-relaxant technique with narcotics or other
      depressant drugs should be reduced, if not eliminated. 6. Because acutely
      intoxicated individuals are more prone to hypothermia, their core temperature
      should be monitored intraoperatively. All intravenous fluids should be warmed and
      a warming blanket should be employed, if necessary, to maintain body temperature.
      7. Because of the sympathomimetic effect of many of the drugs, pulse and blood
      pressure can be misleading in the assessment of blood loss.

PMID- 963874
TI  - Intraoperative patient care. Agents and technics.

PMID- 963875
TI  - Intraoperative patient care. Fluid therapy.

PMID- 963876
TI  - Transportation and emergency care. Emergency assessment and management.
AB  - An organized approach for the management of the multiply injured patient has been
      presented. Adequate equipment and ancillary facilities support patient care. The
      principles of airway management, treatment of shock, and specific organ injuries
      have been described. More than one surgical discipline may work on a patient
      simultaneously; however, one physician, preferably the trauma surgeon or general
      surgeon, is in charge and coordinates the consultative care.

PMID- 963877
TI  - Intraoperative patient care. Airway management.

PMID- 963878
TI  - Intraoperative patient care. Multiple injuries.

PMID- 963879
TI  - Postanesthetic care. Respiratory care.
AB  - Careful management of all severely patients, traumatized particularly those
      undergoing general anesthesia and surgery, is essential to prevent the
      development of serious pulmonary problems in the postoperative period. In
      addition to insuring adequate oxygenation, humidification, and analgesia,
      particular attention should be paid to careful monitoring of volume therapy,
      efficient filtration of banked blood, and the prevention of aspiration.

PMID- 963880
TI  - Economic aspects of trauma.

PMID- 963881
TI  - Use of intra-aortic balloon pump in cardiac surgical patients; the Cleveland
      Clinic experience, 1975-1976.

PMID- 963882
TI  - Management of anesthesia for open heart surgery during pregnancy.

PMID- 963883
TI  - Evaluation of left ventricular function by cardiac catheterization,
      echocardiography, and systolic time intervals.

PMID- 963884
TI  - Echocaediographic determination of the etiology of severe mitral regurgitation.

PMID- 963885
TI  - Cardioversion: ten-year Cleveland Clinic experience.

PMID- 963886
TI  - Electrocardiographic findings in 125 patients with idiopathic prolapse of the
      mitral valve studied by angiography.

PMID- 963887
TI  - The interactions between iophenoxic acid, iopanoic acid, bilirubin and human
      serum albumin as studied by fluorescence and Sephadex gel filtration.
AB  - Iophenoxic acid increases the fluorescence of bilirubin bound to human serum
      albumin at drug/albumin molar ratios lower than 1, while iopanoic acid decreases
      it. The fluorescence enhancement results probably from a change in the
      fluorescence efficiency due to an iophenoxic acid-induced conformational change
      in the albumin, which in turn causes displacement of bilirubin from the protein.
      Iophenoxic acid does not affect the high-affinity bilirubin binding site of
      albumin. Therefore any enhancement in bilirubin fluorescence caused by the drug
      indicates that bilirubin is bound to the low-affinity binding sites of albumin.
      The use of iophenoxic acid in the determination of the extent of saturation of
      the high-affinity bilirubin binding site of albumin may be of value in the
      clinical management of infants with neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 963888
TI  - Mammalian acetoacetate decarboxylase activity. Its distribution in subfractions
      of human albumin and occurrence in various tissues of the rat.
AB  - In this article further information is presented about the characteristics of the
      mammalian enzyme acetoacetate decarboxylase (acetoacetate carboxylase, EC
      4.1.1.4). The Michaelis-Menten plot shows a sigmoidal relationship between the
      enzyme activity (v) and the substrate concentration (s) indicating an allosteric
      hindrance. Because of this, the KM value can only be predicted to be equal to or
      less than 1 X 10(-1) M. Cysteine and glutathione, although activating the
      spontaneous decarboxylation, have no effect upon the enzyme activity. From
      experiments with human albumin by means of gel filtration with Sephadex G-200, it
      can be concluded that the acetoacetate decarboxylase activity does not depend
      upon the degree of polymerisation of albumin. From experiments performed by means
      of ion exchange chromatography the enzyme activity may be localized in the non
      mercaptalbumin fraction. Investigation of enzyme activity in homogenates of
      various rat tissues, as well as in their respective subfractions, reveals that:
      (1) the specific activity of brain tissue exceeds those of liver and kidney and
      (2) most of the activity in liver tissue is localized in the 20 000 X g
      supernatant, containing the endoplasmatic reticulum, the ribosomes and the
      soluble part of the cytoplasm, while in brain tissue a high activity is found in
      the nuclei fraction.

PMID- 963889
TI  - Determination of serum triglycerides by mass fragmentography.
AB  - A mass fragmentographic reference method for determination of serum triglycerides
      is described. A fixed amount of a mixture of [1,1,2,3,3-2H5]glycerol tripalmitate
      and [1,1,2,3,3-2H5]glycerol trioleate (500 nmol) is added to a fixed amount of
      serum (250 mul) and extracted with chloroform/methanol (2 : 1, v/v). The
      triglycerides are isolated by means of thin-layer chromatography. The glycerol
      obtained after acid hydrolysis is converted into the tri-trimethylsilyl
      derivative and the amount of unlabeled glycerol is determined from the ratio
      between the recordings at m/e 218 m/e 222, obtained after analysis with a gas
      chromatograph-mass spectrometer equipped with an MID (multiple ion detector). The
      two ions correspond to the peak at M--90 and M--91 in the mass spectrum of the
      tri-trimethylsilyl derivative of unlabeled and (1,1,2,3,3-2H5)-labeled glycerol.
      The relative standard deviation of the method in the range 0.4--5.8 mmol/l was
      2.4%. A fully enzymatic routine method for determination triglycerides was
      compared with the mass fragmentographic reference method. There was a good
      correlation between the two methods (r = 0.995) and the regression coefficient
      was 1.19.

PMID- 963890
TI  - The relationship between serum carnitine levels and the nutritional status of
      patients with schistosomiasis.
AB  - Serum carnitine levels were investigated in a group of normal adults and two
      groups of patients with active schistosomiasis who also showed signs of
      malnutrition and vitamin deficiency. The first group consisted of 16 patients
      with Schistosoma mansoni and/or Schistosoma haematobium infection. They received
      an adequate diet supplemented with vitamin and iron therapy and received no
      treatment for their parasitic infection till their hemoglobin levels were
      restored to normal. The second group consisted of 12 patients with
      schistosomiasis as well as intestinal polyposis. They received the same diet as
      the first group but because of their poor condition were immediately treated for
      parasitic infection. Results showed that both groups of patients had subnormal
      levels of serum carnitine with the polyps patients (Group II) having a
      significantly lower level than patients with simple schistosomiasis (Group I).
      After nutritional repletion a significant increase was observed in the carnitine
      levels of most patients in group I indicating a relationship between the
      nutritional status of the patients and their serum carnitine levels. The patients
      with polyps also showed considerably increased carnitine levels after treatment
      and dietary repletion. The usefulness of serum carnitine measurement as an index
      of protein malnutrition in man is discussed.

PMID- 963891
TI  - Lysosomal enzymes in cerebral atrophy.
AB  - In seven patients with cerebral atrophy due to pre-senile dementia and/or
      cerebrovascular disease, the activity of acid phosphatase in lumbar cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) was higher (p less than 0.05) than in six controls. The activity of
      arylsulphatase and beta-galactosidase in CSF was the same in the two groups. In
      the serum, the activities of acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase were the same in
      the two groups but the activity of beta-galactosidase was lower (p less than
      0.02) in patients with cerebral atrophy.

PMID- 963892
TI  - A method for the statistical evaluation of results in external quality control
      surveys.
AB  - A method for the evaluation of results in external quality control surveys is
      developed on purely statistical grounds. This system allows to establish accuracy
      and precision of assay methods by comparing statistical data from subsequent
      surveys. However, for a particular survey the overall accuracy, precision and
      quality of each laboratory are defined in statistical terms and visually
      displayed. Results for each laboratory are summarized on a two-page computer
      printout. Per component assayed and combining all components determined in the
      particular survey, the laboratory is assigned one of the four possible
      qualifications i.e. "very good", "moderate" or "bad". A few general conclusions
      drawn from experimental data of previous surveys are reported.

PMID- 963893
TI  - Automated determination of the antitrypsin activity of serum.
AB  - An automated determination of the serum antitrypsin activity is described in
      which all reaction parameters have been optimized. The determination is carried
      out by measuring the difference between the activity of a standard amount of
      trypsin with and without addition of serum. Trypsin activity is measured using N
      alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide as a substrate. The assay is performed by
      means of an automatic enzyme reaction rate analyser the Vitatron AKES. The
      antitrypsin activity is expressed in Inhibitor Units making standardization of
      the trypsin preparation superfluous. Normal values of the antitrypsin activity
      for some of the most frequently occurring genetic variants of alpha1-antitrypsin
      are given.

PMID- 963894
TI  - An active site peptide from human placental alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - A preparation of human placental alkaline phosphatase was labelled covalently at
      the active site with [32P]orthophosphate. Treatment with trypsin gave essentially
      one radioactive peptide, the active site peptide, of approximately 2300 molecular
      weight. Dansylation of the peptide showed that the amino-terminal residue was
      glycine. After acid hydrolysis the only radioactively-labelled amino acid present
      was serine phosphate. The amino acid composition was similar to those
      compositions reported for active site peptides from other alkaline phosphatases.

PMID- 963895
TI  - The determination of progesterone receptors in breast cancer and their
      relationship to estrogen receptors.
AB  - A simple method for the assay of specific progesterone receptors in breast cancer
      tissue is described. Progesterone receptors were detected in 63 of 74 breast
      cancer specimens (85%). Estrogen receptor positive tumors had a wide range of
      progesterone receptor concentrations, but in 77% of cases the level was above 3
      fmol/mg protein. The progesterone receptor level was generally low in tumors
      lacking estrogen receptors, 75% of the samples having concentrations between 0
      and 3 fmol/mg protein. Unlike estrogen receptors, age had no influence on the
      number of progesterone receptors in breast cancer tissue.

PMID- 963896
TI  - Oxalic acid determination in plasma.
AB  - A method is described for the estimation of oxalic acid in plasma. After removing
      interfering substances with an ion-exchange resin, oxalic acid is reduced to
      glycolic acid, which forms a coloured compound with chromotropic acid. No special
      equipment is required. A good recovery and precision are found.

PMID- 963897
TI  - The influence of cysteine, reduced glutathione and 2-mercaptoethanol on creatine
      phosphokinase activity in muscular diseases.

PMID- 963898
TI  - Effect of riboflavin treatment on human red cell pyruvate kinase deficiency.
AB  - The effect of riboflavin on six patients with hemolytic anemia due to hereditary
      pyruvate kinase deficiency was studied. Treatment over a period of four to six
      months produced no significant hematologic or enzymologic changes in the variants
      investigated.

PMID- 963899
TI  - Excretion of neuraminic acid-containing trisaccharides in the urine during
      pregnancy.
AB  - The excretion of neuraminic acid-containing trisaccharides in the urine during
      the course of normal pregnancy was studied. Neuraminyl-lactose and neuraminyl
      galactosyl-(l led to 4)-N-acetylglucosamine were identified, and their excretion
      patterns were analyzed by thin-layer and gas chromatography. A progressive
      increase in the outputs of these acidic oligosaccharides was observed during the
      course of pregnancy in all cases studied. Neuraminyl-lactose excretion increased
      threefold, from 13.7 +/- 1.75 to 37.1 +/- 2.56 mg/24 h, and neuraminyl-galactosyl
      N-acetylglucosamine twofold, from 8.4 +/- 1.27 to 15.3 +/- 2.21 mg/24 h (Mean +/-
      S.E.).

PMID- 963900
TI  - Circular dichroism of myeloma proteins of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclass
      specificity.

PMID- 963901
TI  - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria: deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A lyase.
AB  - A marked deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase activity is
      present in cultured skin fibroblasts from a baby with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric
      aciduria.

PMID- 963902
TI  - Cryoglobulins in urine.

PMID- 963903
TI  - A simple and rapid method for isolation of serum lipoproteins from the other
      serum protein constituents.

PMID- 963904
TI  - A screening test for patients suspected of having Turner syndrome.
AB  - An index has been devised using dermatoglyphics and selected physical traits to
      screen  for patients suspected of having Turner syndrome. About 60% of females
      with and without Turner syndrome can be diagnosed as having or not having the
      syndrome with a 98% or greater probability. The patient's score on the index,
      expressed in probability, can be used to decide whether chromosome studies should
      be done. Using the approach demonstrated in this pilot study, the discriminative
      power can be increased by adding more features and by enlarging the sample to
      permit division of features into more discriminating classes.

PMID- 963905
TI  - Origin of the extra chromosome in trisomy 16.
AB  - Chromosome analysis was carried out on 22 spontaneous abortuses with trisomy 16
      and their parents by means of sequential Q- and C-banding techniques. In seven
      cases, the extra chromosome No. 16 originated from a non-disjunctional error in
      the first meiotic division in the mother, and in two cases from an error in the
      first meiotic division in the father. In two cases, non-disjunction had occurred
      during the second meiotic division (one in the mother and one in the father). It
      seems that trisomy 16, although independent of maternal age, most frequently
      results from a first meiotic non-disjunction in the mother.

PMID- 963906
TI  - Genetic risks in Perthes' disease.
AB  - A population study of Perthes' disease in South Wales over a 25-year period has
      shown a low risk of the disorder in relatives. The risk of Perthes' disease in
      sibs is under 1% (2 in 323), while the risk to children of an children of an
      affected parent is about 3% (1 in 35) when adjusted for age of onset. No
      increased risk was found in relatives of patients with bilateral as compared with
      unilateral Perthes' disease. A mating between two affected individuals resulted
      in monozygotic twins concordant for Perthes' disease, but no familial
      concentration to suggest the action of a single major gene was found. The
      importance of excluding generalised disorders which may mimic Perthes' disease
      and may show Mendelian inheritance is emphasised, but it is concluded that true
      Perthes' disease has a relatively minor genetic component.

PMID- 963907
TI  - Cultured fucosidosis fibroblasts: a simple technique demonstrating storage of
      tritiated-fucose labeled material.
AB  - Incorporation of tritiated fucose into the acid-soluble and acid-insoluble
      fractions of cultured fucosidosis and control fibroblast monolayers was
      determined over a 10-day period. Fucosidosis cells incorporated significantly
      more label into the acid-soluble, but not the acid-insoluble fraction, than
      control cells. The ratio of acid-insoluble radioactivity increased lineraly from
      1 to 10 days for the fucosidosis cells, indicating the storage of low molecular
      weight partial degradation products.

PMID- 963908
TI  - Surface receptors on human haematopoietic cell lines.
AB  - The expression of complement receptors, of Fc receptors, of SRBC receptors and of
      S-Ig was investigated on human haematopoietic cell lines of proved malignant
      derivation. According to their origin and to a panel of phenotypic markers these
      lines have been classified into lymphoma lines, myeloma lines and leukemia lines.
      Results were compared with those obtained on non-malignant EBV carrying
      lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Among the lymphoid cell lines the LCL showed a
      pattern of B-lymphocyte surface markers, i.e. surface immunoglobulins, C3
      receptors but low density of Fc receptors. The non-Burkitt lymphoma lines bore in
      varying degree these B-lymphocyte markers. The lines U-698 M and DG-75 were
      exceptional in having only surface immunoglobulin. The Burkitt lymphoma lines had
      all B-lymphocyte markers. The myeloma lines differed from the lymphoid lines in
      lacking C3 and Fc receptors and showed only trace amounts of surface
      immunoglobulins. In contrast to lymphoid and myeloma lines, the leukaemia lines
      were completely lacking surface immunoglobulins, but showed C3 and Fc receptors
      in variable densities. On line, the ALL derived line MOLT-3 showed the capacity
      to spontaneous rosette formation with SRBC. The findings that LCL presented a
      homogeneous pattern of B-lymphocyte surface markers may be of value in order to
      discriminate between these lines and lines derived from haematopoietic
      malignancies other than Burkitt lymphomas.

PMID- 963909
TI  - Differences between plasma and serum complement in patients with chronic liver
      disease.
AB  - Of sixty patients with chronic liver disease, eight with cirrhosis or chronic
      hepatitis had very low serum CH50 but normal plasma CH50. The complement
      component profiles of these sera revealed markedly decreased C4 and C2 activities
      and normal C3T (C3-C9) activities. From these results, it is suggested that the
      early acting complement components had been non-specifically activated during
      blood coagulation in these patients. No difference between plasma and serum CH50
      was found in patients with hepatitis B(s) antigen.

PMID- 963910
TI  - A new haemolytic assay for the second component of complement (C2) in human
      serum.
AB  - A new, specific haemolytic assay for C2 is described using EAC43 (Antrypol) cells
      and serum deficient in C4 and C2 from a patient with hereditary angio-oedema. The
      method is simple and the results in pathological and normal sera correlate well
      with those obtained using the EA and C2-deficient serum method.

PMID- 963911
TI  - Hapten-specific lymphocyte transformation in humans sensitized with NDMA or DNCB.
AB  - The primary immune response to a contact sensitizing dose of para-N
      dimethylnitrosaniline (NDMA) and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was obtained in
      humans and measured in vitro by increased thymidine incorporation into sensitized
      lymphocytes. No cross-reaction was found between these two haptens, and it is
      thus possible on two separate occasions to quantify and follow the primary
      cellular immune response in man.

PMID- 963912
TI  - An analysis of lymphocytes with both T-cell marker and IgG or complement
      receptors in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 963913
TI  - Transient cryoglobulinemia and glomerular deposits in rabbits after injection of
      aggregated human gamma-globulin.

PMID- 963914
TI  - Transfer of tuberculin sensitivity by transfer factor in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 963915
TI  - Chemotactic response of mouse macrophages to culture fluids mitogen-stimulated
      spleen cells.

PMID- 963916
TI  - Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of the first component of complement (C1) by
      heparin.

PMID- 963917
TI  - Cell-mediated lympholysis by human neonatal lymphocytes.

PMID- 963919
TI  - Progress in "regionalization" of perinatal care.

PMID- 963918
TI  - Case report. Adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 963920
TI  - Regionalization of perinatal care for the United States.
AB  - A scheme of regionalization is proposed in which a regional perinatal system
      within a defined geographic area permits access of the high risk mother-fetus and
      infant to the appropriate level of technology for improved perinatal outcome.

PMID- 963921
TI  - The perinatal research program of the National Institute of Child Health and
      Human Development.
AB  - The Institute's research emphasis is on the interrelationships of specific health
      and developmental problems in the antenatal, perinatal, and infant periods, and
      the effects that these events may have upon maternal health, maternal-infant
      relationships, and subsequent development and well being of the child.

PMID- 963922
TI  - Newborn Country USA.
AB  - "Newborn Country USA" describes a concept for a regionwide, integrated perinatal
      care system that serves a population of more than four million. How the four
      sectors of the Denver Regional Perinatal Center - The Children's Hospital,
      Denver, Denver General Hospital, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, and the
      University of Colorado Army Medical Center - interact as a regional resource,
      relate to 223 hospitals in portions of 10 states, and assist in serving a portion
      of 70,000 live births in 1976 are reported.

PMID- 963923
TI  - Neonatal intensive care in community hospitals and remote areas. The problems and
      a possible solution.
AB  - This has been a brief summary of the problems emerging as more community
      hospitals develop neonatal intensive care, analyzing their possible origins and
      significance. A description of one solution to the problem has been given,
      exemplified by an outreach program from the University of California, San Diego,
      and University Hospital, San Diego, with the community of Las Vegas, Nevada. We
      feel strongly that the responsibilities of medical schools toward community
      hospitals and toward regionalization in isolated communities should be unique and
      are not covered by usual regulations or traditional concepts of regionalization.

PMID- 963924
TI  - The large private hospital and neonatal intensive care.
AB  - The experiences of the Methodist Hospital of Indiana in integrating family
      physicians into neonatal intensive care are related, and some useful
      organizational innovations in neonatal nursing are suggested.

PMID- 963925
TI  - Regionalization and service medicine.
AB  - A comprehensive plan for perinatal regionalization in the medical facilities of
      the military services is advocated. Factors peculiar to military medicine which
      must be recognized in planning are discussed.

PMID- 963926
TI  - Principles of organization of an obstetrical unit from scratch.
AB  - The previous discussion has attempted to outline some basic principles in
      developing a high-risk obstetrical unit from scratch. Needless to say, emphasis
      in specific areas will be dictated by community needs, financial resources,
      numbers and training of personnel, and space limitations. The basic functions of
      patient care, education, and self-evaluation can be accomplished in any high-risk
      obstetrical unit.

PMID- 963927
TI  - Principles of organization of a neonatal intensive care unit from scratch.
AB  - This discussion has dealt with major principles to be considered when planning
      and organizing an infant special care unit. However, there remains one very
      important principle in the organization of any such unit: the job is never
      complete. As concepts and practices relative to care of the high-risk neonate
      change, so must organization of any unit delivering this care be modified and
      reorganized.

PMID- 963928
TI  - Major architectural considerations in programming perinatal care facilities.

PMID- 963929
TI  - Preventing obsolescence in the design of a perinatal unit.
AB  - Basic principles are offered to support the suggestion that use of special care
      space must be made with a mind toward prevention of obsolescence. Certain
      conventional design features should be examined critically and decisions made as
      to their applicability to the needs of a particular program.

PMID- 963930
TI  - Obstetrics: basic equipment needs.
AB  - The enunciation of equipment requirements has been attempted as needs appear
      today. Detailed and technical specifications for some of this equipment must be
      understood prior to major acquisitions. An awareness of current trends in
      clinical research can often be obtained from appropriate consultants which should
      forestall obsolescence. Finally, it must be reemphasized that the proper and
      intelligent use of equipment or diagnostic methods is essential. Likewise, the
      need to employ many of these techniques may become apparent only by paying close
      attention to the patient's clinical historical comments or as a result of skilled
      clinical observations.

PMID- 963931
TI  - Specialized electrical grounding needs.

PMID- 963932
TI  - Equipment maintenance.
AB  - Basic to the success of the perinatal intensive care unit is a cooperative
      liasion between the medical and nursing staff and the clinical engineering staff.
      To this end the functions of the clinical engineering staff are preventive
      maintenance, inventory documentation, pre-purchase evaluation, emergency repair,
      personnel education, and management integration.

PMID- 963933
TI  - Laboratory and blood bank needs of a perinatal center.
AB  - Prenatal and neonatal laboratory diagnostic tests are discussed in terms of
      purpose, technique, and evaluation of results. The need for quick access to fresh
      blood products must be appreciated by the blood bank, and the perinatologist must
      have a thorough understanding of blood products and the need for established
      procedures to guarantee safe transfusion.

PMID- 963934
TI  - Diagnostic radiography and ultrasound in the perinatal intensive care unit.
AB  - A range of possible solutions to common problems associated with radiographic
      examination of the newborn is presented. The various modes in which ultrasound is
      currently used as a diagnostic modality are reviewed together with recent
      innovations that have greatly increased the clinical utility of the technique.

PMID- 963935
TI  - Climate and environmental concepts.
AB  - What constitutes an optimal environment is still under question, but active
      research involves determining which external stimuli are beneficial and which are
      detrimental to infants. Temperature control and visual, auditory, proprioceptive,
      and tactile stimulation are discussed.

PMID- 963936
TI  - Family centered maternity care: its relationship to perinatal regionalization and
      neonatal intensive care.
AB  - For several months prior to birth a major portion of a family's attention,
      conversation, thought, and often worry, is directed toward the idea of a new
      child. This prolonged attention and anticipation contribute to making childbirth
      an emotionally charged experience. In psychological terms, it is therefore a
      critical period of peak motivation for learning, and a time to peak
      susceptibility to reinforcement. Theory, reason, and scientific evidence indicate
      thng with childbirth and early postpartum experiences, can significantly affect
      subsequent parental behaviors, the child's central environment influence.
      Evidence strongly suggests that these parental attitudes and behaviors so crucial
      to the child's ultimate well-being are learned rather than derived instinctually,
      and therefore they are malleable and can be taught, directed, and corrected.
      Through education and reinforcement it is possible to encourage parental
      behaviors and child interactions which are products of feelings of control,
      competence, accomplishment, understanding, and caring. Similarly we can recognize
      and work toward replacing attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that express fear,
      worry, and insecurity about the child. Over the past 50 years major changes have
      occurred in the practice of obstetrics and newborn pediatrics. Other major
      changes will necessarily occur as we move toward perinatal regionalization.
      Changes instigated solely on physiologic data can have unrecognized collateral
      effects on the psychological component of the childbirth experience. All
      concerned health care personnel, especially obstetricians and pediatricians, can
      insist that the importance of desirable mother-father-child interactions be
      recognized and that practices fostering them be afforded a high priority. I would
      like to endorse a comment from a recent article by Richmond concerning the advent
      of behavioral pediatrics by adding that behavioral obstetrics is also "an idea
      whose time has arrived".

PMID- 963937
TI  - Mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit: an examination of some problems and
      consequences of modern intensive care on mother-infant interaction.

PMID- 963938
TI  - Family crisis care.
AB  - By examining aspects of the family crisis care program in the Newborn Special
      Care Unit at Yale-New Haven Hospital, an illustration is made of one approach to
      utilizing the theory of crisis intervention in the development of a family
      oriented program of preventive intervention. The elements reviewed are adaptable
      as a framework for initiating such a program or as a reference for assessing
      programs now under development in other perinatal centers.

PMID- 963939
TI  - Perinatal educational demands.

PMID- 963940
TI  - Training of personnel-pediatrics.
AB  - The educational programs that have been developed in newborn special care
      facilities have two purposes: first, they teach personnel the manual skills that
      are necessary to manage the sick newborn infant; second, they provide personnel
      with a better understanding of neonatal pathophysiology so that they can begin to
      recognize the subtle responses of the sick neonate. With these skills and
      knowledge, the nursery staff assumes a more active role in the team's effort to
      preserve a child's life.

PMID- 963941
TI  - Anesthesiology and perinatal care.

PMID- 963942
TI  - The infant transport service.
AB  - The ultimate goal of an infant transport service is the reduction of neonatal
      morbidity and mortality in a given area. In order to attain this goal, the
      program must provide for the controlled transfer of a stabilized infant. Sub
      objectives will include but not be limited to the integration of a readily
      available and knowledgeable ambulance service, the selection of appropriate
      transport teams, the establishment and maintenance of ongoing communications
      between all parties, the teaching of neonatal medicine to stimulate thereferring
      hospital to begin infant stabilization, and the constant evaluation of the
      overall performance of the infant transport system to detect defects in the
      system.

PMID- 963943
TI  - Organization and structure of a joint Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
      Pediatrics within the medical school framework.

PMID- 963944
TI  - Nursing aspects and organization for perinatal care.

PMID- 963945
TI  - Nursing aspects and organization for perinatal care: the newborn intensive care
      unit.

PMID- 963947
TI  - Head and neck oncologic surgery: today and tomorrow.

PMID- 963946
TI  - Follow-up studies on the low birth weight infant.

PMID- 963948
TI  - A review of immunology and head and neck tumors.

PMID- 963949
TI  - Management of the facial nerve.

PMID- 963950
TI  - The CORE resection: composite regional ear resection.

PMID- 963951
TI  - Intraoral cancer of the minor salivary glands.
AB  - Intraoral minor salivary gland carcinomas are relatively uncommon. The glands are
      concentrated in the mucosa of the mouth but occur over a wide area in the head
      and neck region. Little is known about the etiologic factors responsible for
      these tumors. Histologically, most salivary gland tumors are similar to those
      occurring in the parotid gland, but are more likely to be malignant. The most
      common presentations is an asymptomatic submucosal mass on the palate in a
      patient in the fifth or sixth decade, although it can occur in any age group.
      Neck node metastases occur in about one fourth of these patients. Surgical
      resection is the treatment of choice; irradiation may be a useful adjunctive
      method of palliation. Multiple recurrences over a long period of time are the
      rule, with 5 year survival for all malignant lesions being 44.5 per cent. The
      survival decreases another 10 per cent for each succeeding 5-year period of
      follow-up.

PMID- 963952
TI  - Function and appearance following surgery for intraoral cancer.
AB  - Operations for intraoral carcinoma do produce deformities and loss of function.
      Historically, surgeons have constantly tried to correct or improve these
      deficiencies. The tendency on the part of the surgeon is to replace each bit of
      tissue removed, hoping that if the site appears normal the patient will be
      normal. The appearance of the patient has as a rule been given more attention
      than the functional result. Dysfunction is related to the alteration of certain
      anatomic and physiologic conditions identified as: (1) inability to obliterate
      the anterior oral cavity, (2) defects in the palate, (3) inability to close off
      the oropharyngeal space, and (4) disturbance of normal channels to bypass the
      larynx. Lateral mandibulectomy and radical neck dissection performed for cancer
      of the retromolar area, lower gum, lateral tongue, or floor of the mouth will in
      most instances result in very acceptable cosmetic and functional results. These
      patients look well, speak well, eat and swallow well, and can assume their usual
      role in society. Further surgical attempts to improve any deficiencies are
      discouraged. Patients sometimes ask about bone grafting or devices to replace the
      resected mandible and our recommendations are very emphatic on the negative side.

PMID- 963953
TI  - Intraoral reconstruction in head and neck cancer surgery.
AB  - Numerous techniques are available to resurface the oral cavity. These range from
      the very simple and straightforward to the very difficult and complex. Certainly
      for small lesions, local excision and direct approximation of mucosa is all that
      is necessary. For larger defects, particularly those which will require some
      other form of reconstruction, additional tissue must be brought into the
      operative defect. For superficial excisions, skin or mucosal grafts are adequate
      to resurface the mouth. For areas of extensive resection, flaps of some type are
      required. The use of local random flaps, regional arterialized flaps, and
      myocutaneous flaps have been described. The decision for their use must be as
      individual as each patient. Free flap transfer has specific theoretical benefits.
      The advantages and disadvantages of each technique have been presented and, it is
      hoped, will allow the reconstructive surgeon greater latitude in selecting a
      technique of reconstruction.

PMID- 963954
TI  - Haemodynamics and body fluid volumes in response to fluid loading in conscious
      dogs: non-excretory renal influences.
AB  - 1. Twelve conscious, chronically instrumented dogs were subjected to rapid
      loading with sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/1; saline) before and 1 day after
      bilateral nephrectomy (six dogs) or ureterocaval anastomosis (six dogs).
      Measurements were performed up to 3 h after the fluid load and included cardiac
      output with an electromagnetic flowmeter, mean arterial pressure and right atrial
      pressure with chronically implanted catheters, interstitial fluid pressure with a
      plastic capsule, heart rate, extracellular fluid volume, erythrocyte volume,
      plasma volume, plasma protein concentration and other variables. 2. The increase
      in cardiac output in response to saline load was significantly prolonged in the
      anephric dogs compared with those with uretero-caval anastomosis; mean arterial
      pressure, right atrial pressure and heart-rate changes were similar in both
      groups. 3. Plasma volume appeared to increase more in the anephric dogs than in
      those with uretero-caval anastomosis during the first hour after the infusion,
      although conflicting results were obtained with different estimates of plasma
      volume changes. Interstitial fluid pressure increased significantly less in the
      anephric dogs in the early stages of the fluid load. 4. Effective vascular
      compliance (the ratio of the change in blood volume to the change in right atrial
      pressure) appeared increased in the anephric dogs. On the other hand, the change
      in cardiac output for a given change in right atrial pressure was found to
      increase after bilateral nephrectomy. 5. It is suggested that the prolonged
      increase in cardiac output observed in anephric dogs was not the consequence of
      preferential plasma volume expansion nor of decreased venous compliance, but may
      reflect an alteration in the cardiac function curve.

PMID- 963955
TI  - The esterification of exogenous fatty acids by adipose tissue of
      hypertriglyceridaemic subjects with or without diabetes mellitus.
AB  - 1. The esterification of exogenous palmitate to diglyceride and triglyceride in
      adipocytes was studied in obese and diabetic patients with and without
      hypertriglyceridaemia. The rate of esterification correlated significantly with
      the triglyceride content of adipocytes. 2. In diabetic patients with
      hypertriglyceridaemia, the rate of esterification to triglyceride was
      significantly greater than in diabetic patients with normotriglyceridaemia. This
      difference could not be attributed to differences in glucose tolerance or to the
      degree of obesity. 3. Fasting plasma insulin levels were greater in the
      hypertriglyceridaemic group than in the normotriglyceridaemic group. The
      difference in esterification rates could have been due to differences in
      adipocyte size. 4. The esterification of fatty acid in adipose tissue of diabetic
      patients was lower than in non-diabetic subjects and this difference could not be
      accounted for by differences in adipocyte size or differences in the
      intracellular pools of fatty acid in adipose tissue. 5. The role of
      esterification of exogenous fatty acids in adipose tissue as a possible
      determinant of the uptake of glyceride fatty acids from plasma is discussed.

PMID- 963956
TI  - The response of arginine vasopressin and plasma renin to postural change in
      normal man, with observations on syncope.
AB  - 1. Fourteen mildly hydropenic normal volunteers were slowly tilted at a constant
      rate from the horizontal to the 85 degrees head-up position in order to study the
      interrelationship between plasma arginine vasopressin concentration, plasma renin
      activity and the change of plasma volume. 2. Nine subjects did not develop vaso
      vagal symptoms and were studied for 45-60 min. Arginine vasopressin rose
      biphasically in all subjects: a small initial rise, which was seen at 3 min and
      persisted for 30 min, was followed by a striking rise between 30 and 45 min, when
      the fall of plasma volume had reached its maximum (17%). 3. Plasma renin activity
      reached a maximum at 30 min but fell by 45 min, as plasma concentration of
      arginine vasopressin rose. 4. Five subjects developed vaso-vagal symptoms 4-24
      min after reaching 85 degrees when the study was terminated. A striking increase
      of arginine vasopressin concentration was seen within 4 min of syncope, but there
      was no change of plasma osmolality, cortisol concentration or renin activity.

PMID- 963957
TI  - Influence of sodium restriction upon two models of renal hypertension.
AB  - 1. Restriction of dietary salt intake does not affect the development or
      maintenance of hypertension in rats with unilateral renal ischaemia whether the
      contralateral kidney is present (Goldblatt 2 model) or not (Goldblatt 1 model).
      2. Acute dietary salt depletion induces a similar loss of sodium and fall in body
      weight with little change in blood pressure in both normal and hypertensive rats.
      3. Excision of the ischaemic kidney in rats with short-term (less than 50 days)
      Goldblatt 2 hypertension restores the mean blood pressure to normal, whereas
      Goldblatt 1 hypertensive rats show only a partial response. Previous salt
      depletion of this model enhances the blood pressure response to nephrectomy. 4.
      Sodium retention plays no part in the development or maintenance of Goldblatt 2
      kidney hypertension. However, although sodium retention is normally involved in
      the Goldblatt 1 model, hypertension can develop in the absence of dietary sodium.

PMID- 963958
TI  - Potassium transport across the distal colon in man.
AB  - 1. The mechanism of potassium transport across human distal colon was
      investigated in twenty-two individuals without evidence of bowel disease, by
      using a dialysis method in conjunction with measurements of the transepithelial
      potential difference (p.d.). 2. Whether potassium was absorbed or secreted
      depended on its initial concentration in the lumen. The potassium net flux was
      approximately zero when the luminal potassium concentration was between 30 and 50
      mmol/l. 3. Potassium secretion rate was little affected by sodium absorption
      rate, or by the luminal sodium concentration or by the osmolality of the luminal
      solution. 4. Potassium secretion rate was increased by partial substitution of
      other cations for sodium, in the descending order Li greater than NH4 greater
      than Rb greater than Na. Potassium concentration increased on average to over 80
      mmol/l when lithium was in the lumen. 5. The observed transepithelial p.d. was
      inadequate to account for the intraluminal potassium concentrations attained, the
      discrepancy being most marked when ammonium or lithium was in the lumen.  It is
      suggested that some potassium is secreted by the epithelial cells and this
      component of the total potassium flux into the lumen is increased when rubidium,
      ammonium or lithium is substituted for sodium.

PMID- 963959
TI  - Blood flow through the calf during recovery from fractures of the lower limb.
AB  - 1. Venous occlusion plethysmography has been used to measure the blood flow in
      the calves of nineteen patients with fractures of the lower limb and in six
      normal control subjects. 2. The resting blood flows were significantly higher in
      the injured legs than in uninjured legs, irrespective of the site of injury.
      Flows in the uninjured limbs were similar to those of the control subjects. 3.
      During reactive hyperaemia after 10 min arterial occlusion, the increase of flows
      in both legs of the patients was significantly lower than in the control
      subjects. Because of the increased resting flow, the maximal flow in the injured
      leg was similar to that in the control subjects, whereas the maximal flow in the
      uninjured leg was significantly lower than in the control group. 4. The changes
      in resting flow cannot be accounted for by a change in the proportions of tissues
      in the limb but they may be explained by an increase of the flow through muscle
      secondary to a relative increase in the mass of slow to fast muscle fibres.

PMID- 963960
TI  - Effects of immersion in water and changes in intrathoracic blood volume on lung
      function in man.
AB  - 1. In healthy, normal subjects simultaneous peripheral venous occlusion of all
      four limbs caused a small but significant increase in vital capacity (VC) and
      single-breath carbon monoxide transfer factor (DLCO) without significantly
      changing total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), pulmonary gas flow or
      pulmonary compliance. 2. Immersion in water to the neck resulted in a small but
      significant fall in VC, FEV 1.0/FVC and TLC, and a rise in DLCO, but flow/volume
      curves and 'closing volume' were unchanged. Peripheral venous occlusion during
      immersion only significantly increased VC and DLCO; pulmonary compliance and
      flow/volume curves did not alter significantly. 3. It is concluded that
      peripheral venous occlusion produces these effects by altering intrathoracic
      blood volume. Water immersion reduces TLC, mainly from the hydrostatic pressure,
      and VC is reduced from both the hydrostatic pressure and the increase in
      intrathoracic blood volume consequent on immersion. The increase in DLCO is due,
      almost entirely, to the increase in intrathoracic blood volume.

PMID- 963961
TI  - [Current problems in the treatment of human brucellosis].

PMID- 963962
TI  - [Therapeutic report on an injectable aldosterone antagonist (K-canrenoate) in
      states of water-salf retention].

PMID- 963963
TI  - [Trimethoquinol by intravenous administration. I. Hemodynamic effects].

PMID- 963964
TI  - [Evaluation of the anti-hypertensive effect of spironolactone: trial of combined
      therapy with spironolactone and alpha-methyldopa].

PMID- 963965
TI  - Estrogen-induced hypertension.

PMID- 963966
TI  - Common bacterial urinary tract infections in women.
AB  - Unfortunately, there is no general consensus as to how long patients with
      bacteriuria or urinary tract infections should be monitored and certainly there
      is no agreement on how long recurrent episodes should be treated beyond ten days
      to two weeks. The most important points to remember are: 1. Culture the urine
      both at the time of therapy and during follow-up. The patient should be examined
      periodically for the presence of bacteruria. If bacteria cannot be eradicated, at
      least the physician is aware of the organism most likely causing the patient's
      symptoms. 2. Do not subject the patient with frequent recurrent (chronic) and
      complicated infections to continual antibacterial therapy, but rather, manage the
      acute episodes. 3. Use prophylaxis, particularly single bed-time doses for
      dysuria and frequency symptoms. 4. Screen for bacteriuria during pregnancy. 5.
      Avoid the use of catheters except where absolutely necessary. 6. Avoid systemic
      prophylaxis of infection in patients with catheters; rather, use closed-system
      drainage with antibacteri-irrigation. It is to be hoped within the next few
      years, studies now underway will allow specific recommendations regarding the
      management of asymptomatic bacteruria, the duration of therapy for recurrent
      infections, the prevention and treatment of L-form bacterial infections, and
      indications for urologic procedures.

PMID- 963967
TI  - Mortality from cervical cancer: can it be prevented now?

PMID- 963968
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha therapy.
AB  - Prostaglandins are widely  distributed in the nervous system and have important
      effects on nerve cells. Prostaglandins of the E series tend to cause sedation,
      whereas this action is much less obvious with F prostaglandins. Prostaglandin
      therapy for termination of pregnancy is usually administered by the intrauterine
      route, which means that only very low concentrations of prostaglandin E2 or
      prostaglandin F2alpha reach the cerebral circulation after passage through the
      highly effecient metabolizing system in the lungs. The blood-brain barrier may
      also reduce the amount of prostaglandin reaching the nerve cells.However,
      prostaglandin F2alpha appears to have been responsible for major convulsions in a
      small proportion of patients, and the appearance of epileptiform spike activity
      has been clearly demonstrated in some patients with normal pretreatment EEGs.
      Prostaglandin E2 has not been reported to cause convulsions or epileptiform spike
      activity in normal women, although deterioration of an already abnormal EEG has
      been seen in one patient. Although the risk of convulsions with prostaglandin
      F2alpha is low, it seems preferable to use prostalgandins E2 where possible,
      particularly on patients with a history of epilepsy.

PMID- 963969
TI  - Emergency treatment of wounds of the colon.
AB  - Colonic wounds vary greatly in their severity and the number of concomitantly
      injured organs. Relatively few colonic wounds are single; these can usually be
      treated by primary repair. The approach to colonic wounds generally must be
      selective and take into account the degree of associated shock,contamination, and
      surrounding tissue damage. Judicious application of the wide variety of technical
      approaches available today has increased the incidence of primary repair to over
      50% and has reduced mortality to 10% to 15%.

PMID- 963970
TI  - Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the adolescent.

PMID- 963971
TI  - Evolution of LDH isozymes during programmed cell death.

PMID- 963972
TI  - Fate of dietary linoleic and linolenic acids in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis
      (L.).

PMID- 963973
TI  - Isolation of collagen granules from the foot of the sea mussel, Mytilus
      californianus.

PMID- 963974
TI  - The species specifity of the contractile protein composition of the bivalve
      molluscs.

PMID- 963975
TI  - The lysozyme of the plaice Pleuronectes platessa L.

PMID- 963976
TI  - Incorporation of 3H-leucine into the cuticle and haemolymph proteins of Locusta.

PMID- 963977
TI  - Investigation of the constituent sterols of Venus gallina.

PMID- 963978
TI  - Haptoglobins in snakes.

PMID- 963979
TI  - Steroid biosynthesis in the whelk, Buccinum undatum.

PMID- 963980
TI  - Resolution of glycoproteins of Pacific salmon's blood by electrophoresis and by
      fractional precipitation and chromatography.

PMID- 963981
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of a second toxin from the scorpion
      Tityus serrulatus.

PMID- 963982
TI  - The hemoglobins of the fresh-water teleost Hoplias malabarica (Bloch, 1794):
      heterogeneity and polymerization.

PMID- 963983
TI  - Direct adaptation of cells to temperature: similar changes of LDH isozyme
      patterns by in vitro and in situ adaptations in Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 963984
TI  - Characteristic of isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase isolated from some crayfish
      Orconectes limosus Raf. (Crustacea: Decapoda) tissues.

PMID- 963985
TI  - Phosphoglucose isomerase isozymes in the characid fish Cheirodon axelrodi:
      evidence for a spontaneous gene duplication.

PMID- 963986
TI  - A study of glyceryl ethers--I. Content of alpha-glyceryl ethers in marine
      invertebrates from the Sea of Japan and tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean.

PMID- 963987
TI  - Protein, RNA, and DNA metabolism in relation to ovarian vitellogenic growth in
      the flounder Platichthys flesus (L.).

PMID- 963988
TI  - Inexpensive teletype terminal modification for automated off-line analysis of
      radioassay data.

PMID- 963989
TI  - Interactive graphics in the analysis of neuronal spike train data.

PMID- 963990
TI  - Iterative character weighing in numerical taxonomy.

PMID- 963991
TI  - Deconvolution program for non-computer scientists.

PMID- 963992
TI  - About the impossible concept of schizophrenia.

PMID- 963993
TI  - The ubiquitous symptoms of schizophrenia.

PMID- 963994
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive neurosis: record, follow-up, and family studies. I.
      Inpatient record study.

PMID- 963995
TI  - Life stress and emotional crisis: the idiosyncratic interpretation of life
      events.

PMID- 963996
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy and EEG correlates in depressive disorders.

PMID- 963997
TI  - On the relevance of animal studies on lithium to the understanding of lithium
      therapy.

PMID- 963998
TI  - Contraception for the severely psychiatrically disturbed: confusion, control, and
      contraindication.

PMID- 963999
TI  - Psychotropic drug prescription in family practice.

PMID- 964000
TI  - Chemotherapeutic preference of native and foreign specialists: a move toward
      consensus.

PMID- 964001
TI  - Grieving medical students: educational and clinical considerations.

PMID- 964002
TI  - Patient comments about hospitalization: implications for change.

PMID- 964003
TI  - Psychologic effects of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in advanced cancer
      patients.

PMID- 964004
TI  - The effects of combat on the normal personality: war neurosis in Vietnam
      returnees.

PMID- 964005
TI  - The supervisor-supervisee relationship in psychotherapy training from the
      perspective of interpersonal attraction.

PMID- 964006
TI  - [Psychiatry and humanitarianism].
AB  - Opposing positions on mental disorder in current psychiatry, their origins and
      therapy are presented through a few extreme viewpoints. Considering the
      foundations of the 'medical model' of psychiatric disorder (Griesinger), it is
      evident that this model is not a closed system, but rather an open approach which
      still has validity today. The humanitarian roots of psychiatry prevented
      Griesinger from treating various positions in an absolute or ideological manner.
      Finally, the concept of 'illness' is discussed in relation to psychophysiological
      activation research. Pathology changes in each different situation and is
      therefore not a static phenomenon. Mental disturbance is not determined by
      absolute measures, but rather by a reduction in variability of reactions to the
      particular situation. This concept of illness can determine somato-, psycho-, and
      sociotherapeutic measures. Psychiatry can only remain based on humanitarian
      concepts as long as the sciences upon which it is founded are kept in appropriate
      relation to one another.

PMID- 964007
TI  - Obesity: some psychological and physiological considerations.
AB  - The case report of an obese patient deals with his background, history of life
      and its correlation to obesity. The causes, circumstances and habits of eating
      are almost a perfect expression of the traditional theories of obesity. This case
      report emphasizes the correlation between the psychiatric theory that divides the
      obese people into adult and juvenile types and the histological findings that
      obesity can be divided into hyperplastic and hypertrophic types according to the
      quality and quantity of the fat cells. In fact these two theories may be
      manifestations of the basic, yet unknown cause of obesity. A doubt to the
      classical theories is cast by the operation of jejunoileostomy which changes many
      personality characteristics which were considered primary in obesity.

PMID- 964008
TI  - The dream of a twenty-four-year-old graduate student. Existential and Jungian
      considerations.
AB  - There are dreams that portray with unusual clarity critical junctures in a
      person's life. Inasmuch as the realm from which the images of a dream emerge is
      of the same nature as the source of genuine fairy tales, it is intuitively
      perceptive of the latter's deeper meanings. Thus suitable fairy tale themes can
      enhance the experiential insight into dreams. The young student's dream that we
      discussed indicates a sharp awareness of several existential disharmonies. He
      confuses the messages originating in his innermost self with external demands
      against which he still rebels blindly; he is incapable of metamorphosing
      creatively the numerous disorganized urges within himself; and he thus cannot
      achieve a positive relationship with his deeper potentials which are set aside.
      The comparison of the dream with an analogous, charming Romansh tale portraying a
      harmonious solution of the young man's impasse proved to be of crucial help.

PMID- 964009
TI  - Transport of a burn patient for immersion hydrotherapy.

PMID- 964010
TI  - A review of the first 101 total hip arthroplasties performed at the Hartford
      Hospital October 1971 to December 1972.

PMID- 964011
TI  - An ambulatory surgical service by Norwalk Hospital Department of Surgery.

PMID- 964012
TI  - The Pacemaker follow-up clinic a three year experience.

PMID- 964013
TI  - Hypercalcemia and metastatic intestinal leiomyosarcoma: a case of ectopic
      parathyroid hormone production.

PMID- 964014
TI  - Some guidelines for evaluation and management of psychiatric patients.

PMID- 964015
TI  - Evaluation of the cytological examination in mass survey of gastric cancer.
AB  - The significance of the cytological examination in the diagnosis of gastric
      cancer, especially in the detection of the early cancer of the stomach, was
      examined in 1200 cases subjected to the cytological examination in the mass
      survey, including 181 cases with early cancer of the stomach, 148 cases with
      advanced cancer of the stomach. Comparison of the detection rates of cancer in
      cases of surgically confirmed stomach cancer revealed that cytological
      examination is more reliable than endoscopic and X-ray examinations of the
      stomach. In only a few instances, the false negative and false positive diagnoses
      were made, and therefore it is important for correct diagnoses to correlate the
      cytological finding with the other findings. The importance of cytological
      examination was clearly indicated by examination of the annual detection rate of
      early cancer, which showed a sudden increase after the period of the introduction
      of the cytological method in mass survey.

PMID- 964016
TI  - A new fiberintestinoscope type FIS-T1 patterned after intestinal biopsy tube.
AB  - A new type of fiberintestinoscope (FIS-T1) patterned after an intestinal biopsy
      tube was developed for observing the small intestine beyond the ligament of
      Treitz. The flexible part of the new FIS has been made as pliable as the Cantor
      tube or the Miller-Abbott tube so that the tip of the new FIS is carried on into
      the small intestine by peristaltic activity along its natural configuration. A
      balloon attached near the tip of the new FIS acted as a bolus, enabling
      peristaltic activity to carry the fiberscope to the distal portion. In order to
      facilitate the passage of the fiberscope, it was also advisable to keep changing
      the posture and position of the body with a minimum of fluoroscopic exposure.
      Inflation of the balloon as well as air feeding through the air channel of the
      fiberscope made possible satisfactory observation. In a patient suffering from
      protein-losing gastroenteropathy, multiple white spots on the diffuse rough
      surface of the mucosa were visualized by using the new FIS. Histological finding
      of the biopsy specimen taken from near the ligament of Treitz by using the
      fiberduodenoscope showed dilated lymph vessels in the villi.

PMID- 964017
TI  - Further studies on lipid-chemical differences between cancerous and adenomatous
      polypous tissues in the human large intestine.
AB  - 17 cases of cancer and 18 cases of adenomatous polyp in the large intestine were
      subjected to lipid-chemical studies of their tissues in order to clarify the
      biochemical differences between malignant neoplastic growth and benign growth.
      Cancerous and adenomatous polypous tissues were collected by biopsy or surgical
      operation together with the respective control tissues. One part of the total
      lipid extracted from each tissue was separated into triglyceride and phospholipid
      fraction by a thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The fatty acid composition and
      content of each lipid fraction were measured by a gas-liquid chromatography
      (GLC). When the fatty acid composition of a phospholipid was expressed in terms
      of the deviation rate, that of C14:0 was remarkably increased and that of C20:4
      was remarkably decreased in the cancerous cases as compared with the respective
      values of the cases of adenomatous polyp. More definite differences were
      recognized between the cancerous cases and the cases of adenomatous polyp, when
      the ratio of the deviation rate of C14:0 to that of C20:4 was calculated in each
      case. Namely, the ratios distributed between 2.064 and 4.125 in 10 cancerous
      cases, and between 0.393 and 1.856 in 16 cases of adenomatous polyp, indicating
      the biochemical differences between cancerous tissues and adenomatous polypous
      tissues.

PMID- 964018
TI  - Ischemic colitis.
AB  - Although several hundred cases of ischemic colitis have been reported from
      western countries, no case has been reported in our country. Ischemic colitis is
      a well established entity. Clinicopathological manifestations, disgnosis,
      treatment and prognosis of the disease are well known. A majority of reported
      cases were not particularly unusual. Two cases, of which one showed an unusually
      long lasting acute episode but good prognosis, and the other presented a
      diagnostic problem and was found to have a fibrous stricture due to ischemic
      colitis in the sigmoid colon at surgery, were described and discussed in relation
      to their symptoms, diagnosis and prognosis.

PMID- 964019
TI  - Chronic hepatitis: a follow-up study.
AB  - 51 cases of chronic hepatitis were followed up by serial liver biopsies. 6 cases,
      all of which were of the active type, showed transition to liver cirrhosis within
      5 to 10 months after the initial biopsy which had indicated chronic hepatitis. In
      109 cases of liver cirrhosis, the antecedent acute hepatitis had been found
      within a relatively short period, usually 2 to 3 years before the establishment
      of the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Whether these cases which showed rapid
      transition to liver cirrhosis after acute hepatitis should be included in the
      group of chronic hepatitis or in another group remains to be settled.

PMID- 964020
TI  - Clinical evaluation of iron metabolism in pancreatic disease.
AB  - In order to estimate the possible influence of pancreatic disease upon iron
      absorption, fecal analysis was carried out after administration of 5 mg iron
      labeled with 59Fe. Twelve cases of pancreatic calcification, 7 cases of chronic
      pancreatitis, 3 cases each of pancreatectomy and miscellaneous diseases, and 52
      cases for control were studied. Significant elevation of iron absorption was
      observed in 4 or 21 patients with pancreatic diseases. Two of the 4 cases were
      also found to have low transferrin saturation and the other two have had a long
      history of heavy alcoholic intake. There was no definite correlation between the
      iron absorption rate and the total bicarbonate secretion, and duration of the
      diseases. Three cases treated with pancreatectomy failed to show increased iron
      absorption. The alternative administration of 59Fe and 55Fe for consecutive 4
      days either alone or together with pancreatin or secretin was done to see the
      effect of these preparations on iron absorption. No significant inhibitory effect
      of these preparations on the iron absorption was noticed. These observations
      suggest that exocrine pancreatic function seldom appears to influence directly
      iron absorption, and that iron deficiency and ingestion of alcoholic beverages
      can be important factors affecting the iron absorption in pancreatic diseases.

PMID- 964021
TI  - Continuous secretin infusion with pancreozymin pretreatment as a pancreatic
      function test.
AB  - This paper deals with a pancreatic function test with the submaximal dose of
      secretin given by continuous infusion after injection of cholecystokinin
      pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) in the submaximal dose. The active elimination of bladder
      bile by CCK-PZ pretreatment decreased the influence of biliary contamination, and
      the volume output and the bicarbonate concentration were stabilized by the
      continuous infusion of secretin. As a result, the coefficients of variation in
      the volume output and the bicarbonate concentration were calculated to be about
      15 and about 5%, respectively. These variations were considerably smaller than
      those obtained in the standard secretin test. Therefore, the present study is
      expected to improve the diagnostic means for pancreatic excretory dysfunction.

PMID- 964022
TI  - A diagnostic re-evaluation of electric skin resistance, skin temperature and
      deeper tenderness in patients with abdominal pain.
AB  - Diagnostic re-evaluation of measurement of electric skin resistance (ESR), skin
      temperature (ST) and deeper tenderness (DT) was performed in patients with
      abdominal pain due to pancreatitis, cholecystopathy and duodenal ulcer. These
      determinations were conducted when the pain was complained of and after the pain
      ceased by paravertebral anesthesia. ESR was decreased on the opposite tender
      points of the abdominal walls as compared with those values of the healthy
      abdominal walls. On the contrary, ESR was increased on the suffered body areas in
      patients with active myelitis. ESR was decreased on the abdominal walls where
      visceral pain was induced by inflation of a balloon attached to the apex of a
      Miller-Abbott double lumen tube. DT tended to show decrease, while ST a slight
      increase, when the pain was evoked. However, in these pain induced experiments,
      ST changes were not so remarkable as those of ESR. A viscero-cutaneous reflex
      machanism and the predominance of sympathetic nerve control might be possible
      causes to produce these changes. Several important factors influencing the
      determination of the ESR were also discussed.

PMID- 964023
TI  - Minute gastric cancer.
AB  - Nineteen cases of minute early gastric cancer were diagnosed under endoscopical
      examinations. Diagnosis was established by endoscopic biopsy in 18 cases, and
      exceptional one case of type IIb was incidentally found. Some of the endoscopic
      characteristic features of superficial depressed minute cancer were mentioned. By
      these findings, the diagnosis of superficial depressed minute cancer is possibly
      made in certain extent only by endoscopic observation. Prognosis of minute
      gastric cancer is excellent. Especially in the minute early cancer, the actual 7
      year-survival rate was 100%. Prognosis of minute advanced cancer is also quite
      good. Minute gastric cancers can be found clinically and are almost completely
      curable.

PMID- 964024
TI  - Clinical significance of Congo red test.
AB  - Clinical significance of Congo red test was studied, especially on its relation
      to the liver function and amyloidosis. No significant relationship was observed
      between Congo red test and Indocyanin green test in cases of various liver
      diseases except liver cirrhosis. Histological studies also revealed that there
      were no pathologic features specifically affecting Congo red index (CRI), even
      though CRI in cases of various liver diseases tended to be increased as compared
      with other diseases. As a cause of increased CRI which was seen most remarkably
      in cases of liver cirrhosis, obstructive change of the liver blood flow followed
      by the hepatic tissue damage is suspected. The concept that Congo red test is a
      kind of the hepatic excretory function test does not have, from our data, enough
      evidence. The present study confirmed our previous data on the fate of Congo red
      injected intravenously, which indicated that this test is one of the best tests
      available for RES function and this test is related mainly to Kupffer's cell
      rather than to the so-called hepatic excretory function. There were no cases
      which showed notable decrease of CRI in experimental amyloidosis and in clinical
      amyloidosis, and it can be said that Congo red test is not the best test for the
      diagnosis of amyloidosis.

PMID- 964025
TI  - Erythrocyte rosette forming activity of macrophage.
AB  - Erythrocyte rosette forming activities of the rat lung macrophage, peritoneal
      macrophage, Kupffer cells and expressed splenic cells were studied. The
      erythrocytes employed were fresh human red blood cell (RBC), fresh sheep RBC
      (SRBC), and tanned SRBC coated with bovine albumin or with bovine gamma-globulin.
      The macrophages were mixed with RBC at a ratio of 1 to 100 or 200 in gelatin
      veronal buffer or phosphate buffered saline. The experiments were carried out at
      4 degrees C. No autologous serum nor anti-RBC serum was added to the experimental
      system. 10 to 20 per cent of the lung macrophages formed rosette and their entire
      surfaces were covered with RBC. The peritoneal macrophage and Kupffer cells were
      also capable of forming rosette with fresh SRBC as well as with SRBC coated with
      bovine albumin or with bovine gamma-globulin. Examinations for cell surface
      immunoglobulin of alveolar macrophage, peritoneal macrophage, Kupffer cells and
      splenic cells revealed that alveolar and peritoneal macrophages apparently
      possessed surface gamma-globulin and that almost all of these macrophages
      possessed surface immuno-globulin. In order to examine the effect of different
      natures of SRBC on in vivo phagocytosis, rats were immunized with SRBC by
      injecting various SRBC into the femoral or the portal vein and the hemagglutinin
      titer was studied. The maximum hemagglutinin titer was observed in the rat
      injected with fresh SRBC into the femoral vein and the minimum hemagglutinin
      titer was observed in the splenectomized rat injected with fresh SRBC and in the
      rat injected with SRBC coated with albumin or gamma-globulin into the femoral or
      portal vein. Immunological role of Kupffer cells was discussed.

PMID- 964026
TI  - Long-term corticosteroid therapy of idiopathic aplastic anemia.
AB  - The results of a long-term corticosteroid therapy performed in 55 patients with
      idiopathic aplastic anemia are reported. Of these patients, cure was attained in
      20 patients, remission in 5, and improvement in 10. The duration of the treatment
      of cured cases ranged from 138 to 1109 days with a median of 522 days. The
      results were much better than those with other treatments conventionally
      performed. However, necessity of paying attention to side-effects was pointed
      out.

PMID- 964027
TI  - Hemorrhagic diathesis in Weber-Christian disease.
AB  - A case of a 21-year-old woman with Weber-Christian disease, associated with
      consumption coagulopathy and adequately controlled over the past year or more by
      corticosteroid and heparin therapy, has been described. Through the study on this
      case, it was concluded that a hemorrhagic diathesis complicating Weber-Christian
      disease, at least in advanced cases, was characterized by consumption
      coagulopathy associated with enhanced blood coagulability which arises from
      hyperlipemia due to abnormal lipid metabolism and further, that the consumption
      coagulopathy was modified by diminished synthesis of clotting factors and
      activation of the fibrinolytic system due to the secondary hepatic impairment. It
      might also be likely that systemic vascular changes contribute to the activation
      of the clotting system as a trigger of clotting factor consumption. The complex
      pathophysiology of a hemorrhagic diathesis in this disease seemed to be brought
      about by a complex combination of such a variety of factors. In addition,
      decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate observed characteristically during
      hemorrhage might probably have a direct correlation with hypofibrinogenemia due
      to consumption coagulopathy in advanced cases.

PMID- 964028
TI  - Histo-clinical classification and follow-up study of gastric polyp.
AB  - Gastric polyp was found in 1,616 cases or 0.23% of 711,455 persons through the
      gastric mass-survey. They were classified into 3 groups: hyperplastic polyp in
      61%, gastric polyposa in 34%, and polyp composed of metaplastic epithelium with
      marked atypism (ATP) in 5%. Gastritis polyposa was subclassified into 5 groups
      according to its histo-clinical features. Malignant degeneration was suspected in
      5 or 2.1% of 236 hyperplastic polyps operated, while no polyp which had changed
      into cancer was experienced among 974 polyps followed-up by biopsy during the
      time course of 6 months to 11 years at the longest. On the other hand,
      coexistence of gastric cancer was found in 13% of cases with ATP. In polyps
      composed of metaplastic epithelium, there are two kinds of polyp: metaplastic
      polyp in hyperplastic proliferation and neoplastic polyp. In the follow-up study
      of 1,104 polyps, the growth of polyp was seen in only 14, and 12 of which were
      hyperplastic polyp. No change from gastritis polyposa to hyperplastic polyp was
      observed. The increase in size in 14 polyps was seen mostly 3 to 4 years after
      they were found and was always transient. From these results, it is considered
      that most of gastric polyps clinically detected have already completed their
      growth.

PMID- 964029
TI  - Fasting therapy for psychosomatic diseases with special reference to its
      indication and therapeutic mechanism.
AB  - It has been well known that the fasting therapy which was invented in Medical
      School of Tohoku University reveals an excellent effect upon various kinds of
      psychosomatic diseases, but its therapeutic mechanism and suitable indication are
      not yet explained completely. In order to corroborate these problems, this study
      was undertaken on 262 cases of psychosomatic diseases in the field of internal
      medicine. It is a complete fasting for 10 days with nothing by mouth except for
      drinking water, and 500 ml of parenteral fluid containing vitamins are
      administered intravenously every day. Absolute bed rest and self meditation are
      required in a closed individual room, and patients are not allowed to meet anyone
      but physicians and nurse in charge. The return to normal ordinary diet follows
      the order of fluid diet, soft diet and semiordinary diet during 5 days. In the
      period of the therapy, various clinical and laboratory examinations were carried
      out. Significance of these examinations consists in prediction of possible danger
      during the fasting period and elucidation of its therapeutic mechanism.
      Consequently, an outstanding efficacy rate of 87% with excellent prognosis was
      attained, and the following diseases were determined as suitable indication of
      this therapy; irritable colon, dysorexia nervosa, borderline hypertension,
      neurocirculatory asthenia, bronchial asthma, mild diabetes mellitus, obesity,
      lumbago without organic findings, conversion hysteria, various neurosis with
      somatic symptoms and masked depression. Possible mechanism of action of the
      therapy is that fasting acts as an extreme stress on the function of the
      autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, then it regulates the function of whole
      body including the brain, also it acts as one of the behaviour therapy for
      abnormal conditioning.

PMID- 964030
TI  - Role of the kidney in gastrin metabolism.
AB  - Fasting blood gastrin level among various clinical entities was measured by means
      of radioimmunoassay. Hypergastrinemia of various degrees was found in some cases
      of chronic renal failure. During angiography arteriovenous difference of gastrin
      level was investigated in the kidney in 22 patients without renal diseases. The
      high rate of gastrin removal from the blood circulation by the kidney was also
      confirmed in the synthetic human gastrin 1-17 (SHG 1-17) infusion experiment in
      dogs. In this study, hypergastrinemia seen in renal diseases was thought to be
      caused partly by impaired gastrin metabolism in the kidney.

PMID- 964031
TI  - Endoscopical polypectomy of the gastric polyp with electro-coagulation wire loop.
AB  - A forward-viewing fiberscope equipped with two channels was designed for safer
      and easier gastric polypectomy under endoscopic control using electro-surgical
      technique. No electrical accident, bleeding, perforation or significant
      complications were noticed. Mucosal ulcerations at the polypectomy site healed
      within a month leaving minor scars behind. In 30 cases, U1 II gastric ulcers
      developed after polypectomy, which healed leaving convergence of mucosal folds
      behind. Fiberscopic excision of gastric polyps was also useful for establishing a
      reliable diagnosis of gastric polyp cancer which is sometimes overlooked by
      routine biopsy procedure. It may be the "perfect biopsy". The patient with
      gastric polyp who is aware of his own illness and feels uneasy can be released
      from his anxiety and regain both physical and mental health at the cost of
      minimal risks of endoscopic polypectomy.

PMID- 964032
TI  - Evaluation of mass screening program for stomach cancer.
AB  - Particular method and program of mass survey examination of gastric cancer were
      introduced into Miyagi Prefecture and the results accumulated during the past 14
      years are presented. During this period, 1,427 cases of gastric cancer (0.18%),
      as well as many cases of other diseases of the stomach and duodenum, were found
      by the mass survey. 450 cases were those of early cancer in which invasion of
      carcinoma was limited to the mucosa and submucosa. The ratio of surgically
      confirmed early cancer cases to all the stomach cancer cases was 36.4%. Almost in
      all cases of early stomach cancer there were neither complaints nor clinical
      symptoms; that is, they were the cases of so-called preclinical cancer of the
      stomach. The prognosis after surgery of early stomach cancer was remarkably
      favorable with a five-year survival rate over 90% and the death rate due to
      stomach cancer was actually decreased in the surveyed population.

PMID- 964033
TI  - Extraventricular lesions demonstrated by gastric photofluorographic study.
AB  - In a mass survey for diseases of the stomach with photofluography, lesions other
      than those of the stomach were studied in 85,040 subjects. Gastric lesions were
      detected in 2.17%, while other lesions were found in 1.97%, giving an
      approximately similar ratio. Duodenal lesions were found most frequently and in
      1.47%, followed by intraabdominal calcification in 0.44%. Among duodenal lesions,
      duodenal ulcer was seen in 0.14%, and duodenal diverticulum in 0.34%. Among
      diseases with abdominal calcifications, calcification of lymph nodes was found
      most frequently and in 0.24%, followed by cholelithiasis in 0.085% and
      urolithiasis in 0.004%. Lower esophageal lesions were found in 0.05%, in which
      esophageal diverticulum was the most frequent and found in 0.034%.

PMID- 964034
TI  - Relationship between disturbances of micellar formation and steatorrhea.
AB  - In order to clarify the correlation between decrease in micellar formation and
      degree of steatorrhea, upper intestinal content was analyzed after administering
      a test meal of Borgstrom et al. Fecal fat was also measured. It was demonstrated
      that micellar phase was composed chiefly of fatty acid and monoglyceride, with
      low concentrations of diglyceride and triglyceride. The fat composition of
      micellar phase was nearly constant in normal subjects and in cases of
      malabsorption syndrome. The correlation between the ratio of micellar fat to the
      whole ingested fat in the intestinal content and daily excretion of fecal fat was
      very marked.

PMID- 964035
TI  - Abnormal micelle formation in various malabsorption syndromes.
AB  - In order to clarify the abnormal micelle formation in various malabsorption
      syndromes, the analysis of upper intestinal contents after administering a test
      meal of Borgstrom et al. was performed. It was demonstrated that the percentage
      of micellar fat to total fat and lipase concentrations decreased markedly from
      the normal controls despite of normal concentrations of bile salts and pH in
      cases of pancreatitis and pancreatectomy. In contrast, it was shown that the
      percentage of micellar fat was markedly low and the concentrations of conjugated
      bile salts were reduced in cases of ileal diseases. Unconjugated bile salts were
      detected although the concentrations of total bile salts were normal in blind
      loop syndrome. The correlation between the percentage of micellar fat and lipase
      concentrations or bile salts concentrations in normal controls and various
      malabsorption syndromes was also reported.

PMID- 964036
TI  - Cytological diagnoses of early gastric cancer.
AB  - To evaluate the clinical value of gastric cytology in the detection of stomach
      cancer, the results of cytological examinations in 417 cases of early cancer of
      the stomach in which cancer cell infiltration was limited to the mucosa or
      submucosa were analyzed. The cytological examination revealed positive for cancer
      cells in 93% of these cases, and therefore it is concluded that this method is
      not only useful but indispensable for the diagnosis of early cancer of the
      stomach. The gastric cytology proved to be more reliable than the endoscopic and
      X-ray examinations in terms of detection rate of the early gastric cancer. Among
      various cell collection methods for gastric cytology, which include the washing,
      abrasive and fibergastroscopic methods, the washing method under direct vision by
      the use of fiberscope showed the highest value of positivity (92.8%) in the cases
      of early cancer of the stomach. With the help of endoscopic guidance and biopsy
      techniques, the cytological examination further increased its reliability and
      ability in the detection of early gastric cancer. Cancer lesions even smaller
      than 1 cm can now be correctly diagnosed by the gastric cytology.

PMID- 964037
TI  - Crohn's disease, non-specific ulcers of the small intestine, and idiopathic
      proctocolitis in a Japanese university hospital from 1954 to 1974.
AB  - Most of the cases of Crohn's disease reported in Japan were originally treated
      surgically as acute appendicitis and, after appendectomy, they were diagnosed as
      acute terminal ileitis or acute Crohn's disease, which should belong to a
      category different from typical Crohn's disease, according to the international
      nomenclature by the Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences in
      1973. Reviewing our university hospital records from 1954 to 1974, the incidence
      of typical Crohn's disease and idiopathic proctocolitis has been increasing,
      while the patients with intestinal tuberculosis have been decreasing. Clinical
      and histopathological features of operated three groups of our patients with
      Crohn's disease of the small intestine, non-specific ulcers of the small
      intestine and prestomal ileitis were comparatively studied. Furthermore, 9 cases
      of operated Crohn's disease of the colon and 23 cases of operated idiopathic
      proctocolitis were similarly evaluated. The importance of diagnosing Crohn's
      disease as a whole from both clinical and histopathological stand points of view
      was emphasized, and main differential diagnostic criteria between Crohn's disease
      and idiopathic proctocolitis were discussed.

PMID- 964038
TI  - Providing services for adolescents who live with seizures.

PMID- 964039
TI  - [Extension injuries of the cervical spine].

PMID- 964040
TI  - [Peculiarities of spine fractures in patients over 60 years of age].

PMID- 964041
TI  - [Fatigue fracture of the femur].

PMID- 964042
TI  - [Treatment of complications following fractures of long bones by means of
      compression-traction devices. An evaluation].

PMID- 964043
TI  - [Terramycin-micro in the treatment of bone tissue infections].

PMID- 964044
TI  - [Familial occurrence of Dupuytren's contracture].

PMID- 964045
TI  - [Compression syndromes of the ulnar nerve caused by anatomic changes within the
      ulnar sulcus of the humerus].

PMID- 964046
TI  - [Intraneural compression of the median nerve].

PMID- 964047
TI  - [Evaluation of traction forces during Harrington's surgery for idiopathic
      scoliosis in children and adolescents].

PMID- 964048
TI  - [Growth of the spine following its fusion in children and adolsescents with
      idiopathic scoliosis].

PMID- 964049
TI  - [Remote clinical and radiological results of surgical treatment of clubfoot].

PMID- 964050
TI  - [Studies of tibial torsion and alignment of the foot in healthy children].

PMID- 964051
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hallux valgus in juveniles].

PMID- 964052
TI  - [Unusual case of diabetic arthropathy of the hip].

PMID- 964053
TI  - [New model of an orthopedic table].

PMID- 964054
TI  - [Re-intervention on the small intestine].

PMID- 964055
TI  - [Complications of ileostomy and colostomy and their treatment].

PMID- 964056
TI  - [Effectiveness of antibiotic premedication in colonic surgery].
AB  - The value of preoperative bowel preparation with antibiotics in colon surgery was
      studied in a prospective randomized trial: 58 patients received only mechanical
      and dietary preparation and 50 patients were treated additionally with a
      combination of neomycin and bacitracin 4 days preoperatively. Bacteriologic
      studies of stools from the day before beginning of preparation and from the day
      before surgery which were done quantitatively per 1 gram stool revealed that the
      fecal flora of 90% of the patients with colonic disease is abnormal. After
      antibiotic treatment a significant reduction of Escherichia coli, Bacteroides,
      Bifidus, Clostridium, and Proteus was obtained in more than 70% of the patients.
      The effect on Klebsiella was poor. Candida were increased in 86% of the cases
      without resulting in a systemic candida infection. In the stool samples of 16
      patients no bacteria were found after antibiotic treatment. If there was a high
      bacterial count in the preoperative stool infectious complications followed
      postoperatively. The rate of infectious complications was 28 (48.7%) in the
      control group and 7 (14%) in the antibiotic group. This significant lower rate of
      complications speaks in favor of preoperative bowel preparation with neomycin and
      bacitracin, especially in the absence of adverse side-effects.

PMID- 964057
TI  - [2 years of experience with balanced oral feeding in abdominal surgery].
AB  - Together with the progress of surgical technique there is the continued
      development of pre- and postoperative care of patients. There are two fields for
      the use of BSD (balanced synthetic diet): I. Preoperative: a) Full caloric
      nutrition b) Intestines free from waste matter and lowering of bacterial content.
      II. Postoperative: Interruption of the vicious circle of diminished offer of
      nutrition, postoperative katabolism, which increases the need for amino-acids and
      so interferes with the process of wound-healing and the protection against
      infection.

PMID- 964058
TI  - [Physical flow studies of new surgical aspiration drains].
AB  - Mathematical and experimental results demonstrate that the customary Redon drain
      as well as the improved Neo-Redovac drain develop suction only over a short
      initial distance. The above mentioned innovation of three additional oval holes
      does not increase efficiency. The disadvantage of rapidly diminished suction is
      overcome in the "Ulmer Drain", in which equidistant openings of continually
      increasing aperture are aligned towards the drain end.

PMID- 964059
TI  - [The so-called spontaneous nodular panniculitis (Weber-Christian lipodystrophy)].
AB  - Enlarged lymph nodes and a tumor, the size of a man's fist, were found in the
      abdomen of a female patient of 63. Histologic diagnosis determined a non
      suppurative panniculitis with typical proliferation of foam cells and reactive
      inflammatory infiltration attaining the stage of granulomatosis. The disease is
      seen as granulomatous histiocytosis; a sure explanation of its pathogenesis is
      not yet possible.

PMID- 964060
TI  - [Re-intervention on the large intestine].

PMID- 964061
TI  - [Are transfusion directives realizable and meaningful?].

PMID- 964062
TI  - [The programmed medical report in surgery].
AB  - Our experience in programs for semi-automatic medical reports developed and used
      in the course of the last 4 years was as follows: 9 programs for inpatients and 3
      for outpatients have been developed. Programs for semi-automatic medical reports
      have proved especially advantageous in frequent diseases (as for example
      appendicitis, cholelithiasis) and in managing large special consulting hours for
      outpatients with predominantly similar diseases. Due to rational and cheap work
      the use of semi-automatic medical reports in a certain range shows an alternative
      to the conventional ways of writing from dictation.

PMID- 964063
TI  - [X-ray archivation with microfilm].
AB  - The LogEtronics X-Ray Microfilms system, which is used in our clinic as well as
      in two other Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallkliniken for archiving of x-ray
      films, has enabled us to microfilm all x-rays of 4 years within 14 months. The
      conception of the microfilm system has also stood the test from the point of view
      of fulfilling all legal requirements.

PMID- 964064
TI  - [Esophagopericardial fistula with tension pneumopericardium].
AB  - Reported on is a 72 year old man in whom a diverticulum of the lower esophagus
      had perforated into the pericardium causing pyopneumopericardium and cardiac
      tamponade during esophagoscopy. After resuscitation and drainage of the
      pericardial cavity the patient ameliorated and three weeks later the fistula
      between the esophagus and the pericardial sac had closed at least functionally as
      judged by a gastrografin-swallow. Planned definitive surgical closure of the
      fistula could not be performed because the patient's condition deteriorated
      following tracheobronchial aspiration. He succumbed due to bilateral pleuro
      bronchopneumonia, progressive renal failure and central circulatory
      dysregulation. Reviewing 24 reported cases the clinical signs, etiology,
      differential diagnosis, therapeutic management and prognosis of this rare
      condition are discussed.

PMID- 964065
TI  - [Blunt renal trauma: diagnosis, therapy and possible complications].
AB  - 223 cases of blunt renal injuries, which were observed over a period of 19 years
      at the department of Surgery, University of Graz, are presented in this study.
      The value of several diagnostic procedures and the therapy are discussed in
      respect of early and late complications and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 964066
TI  - [Solitary bone cysts in the foot].
AB  - The localisations of bone cysts known under the title of "intraosseous ganglion,
      synovial cyst of bone and solitary unicameral cyst" are summarised from the
      literature. Two of the authors' patients are added to the few cases of talar
      cysts recorded up to the present. In addition, a patient with a calcaneal cyst is
      described. The cysts can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin. The various
      theories concerning their etiology are discussed. The clinical findings,
      differential diagnosis and therapy of subchondral bone cysts particularly in the
      region of the foot are considered.

PMID- 964067
TI  - [Cultivation possibility for obligatory anaerobic bacteria from contaminated
      cotton carriers after storage. Comparative testing of simple swabs and swabs in
      transport medium using Stuart's method].
AB  - 26 strains of obligate anaerobic bacteria, which had been isolated from clinical
      specimens, were tested for their survival on artificially contaminated cotton
      swabs after storage. All strains could hardly if at all be cultivated, if the
      cotton swabs had been stored in empty test tubes at 4 degrees C for 48 hrs. In
      contrast to that it was possible to cultivate all strains without significant
      reduction of their number from swabs, which were stored at 4 degrees C for 48 hrs
      in test tubes containing Stuart's transport medium. The necessity of an
      improvement of techniques and transport-methods to isolate anaerobic bacteria is
      discussed. The use of a special transport medium is recommended as an important
      aid to the early recognition of anaerobic infection.

PMID- 964068
TI  - [Treatment of varicosis].

PMID- 964069
TI  - [Indication, technic and results of thrombectomy].

PMID- 964070
TI  - [Surgical possibilities in the treatment of the post-thrombotic syndrome].

PMID- 964071
TI  - [Angiomatous malformations].

PMID- 964072
TI  - [Wound infection following arterial surgery in the pelvis-leg region].
AB  - In a series of 581 reconstructions of the aorta to the leg arteries, 28 cases
      (4.8%) developed wound infection with positive microbiological identification.
      There were 24 monoinfections with significant prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus
      and S. epidermis. Thirteen patients with prosthetic implants and one patient with
      autologous saphenous vein bypass showed graft infection, which occurred in 13
      patients as a complication of reoperation for bleeding or graft occlusion in the
      early postoperative period. The incidence of vascular infection in patients
      without reoperation was 0.4%. The risk of wound infection could not be lowered by
      the use of prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics. Five (33%) patients with
      graft infection died because of sepsis and/or rupture of anastomosis. In the
      group of 9 survivors there were 3 patients with excision of the graft and limb
      preservation without reconstruction, and 3 patients with partial or total
      excision of the graft and successful simultaneous axillofemoral or obturator
      bypass. From this study it is assumed that improvement of indication and
      operative technique in reconstructive procedures is more promising in preventing
      wound infection than the extended administration of prophylactic antibiotic
      drugs. In case of vascular infection the excision of the graft is very urgent and
      consequent "extraanatomic" reconstruction can prevent loss of limb and life.

PMID- 964073
TI  - [Spontaneous splenic rupture].
AB  - Discussion of rupture of the spleen apparently without cause; the patient
      suffered no trauma nor did he have a disease of the spleen. The conclusion is
      that the rupture occurred spontaneously.

PMID- 964074
TI  - [Is the correction of a protruding external ear a technically simple operation?].

PMID- 964075
TI  - [Isolated traumatic dislocation of the upper tibio-fibular joint. Report of 2
      cases].

PMID- 964076
TI  - [Bundle nailing. Contribution on the technical improvement of the extraction of
      elastic round-nails using Hackethal's method from the bone marrow space of long
      bones].

PMID- 964077
TI  - [Shock and shock management].

PMID- 964078
TI  - [Postoperative and post-traumatic respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 964079
TI  - [Acute postoperative and post-traumatic kidney failure].

PMID- 964080
TI  - [Delirium and coma within the scope of surgical intensive therapy].

PMID- 964081
TI  - [Ischemic necroses of the colon and rectum following alloplastic vessel
      substitution of the abdominal aorta].
AB  - Arterial insufficiency to the colon and rectum followed by ischemic necrosis of
      this bowel portion is considered to be a rare complication after resection of
      abdominal aortic aneurysms and alloplastic replacement of the abdominal aorta in
      arterial occlusive disease. The main symptom is diarrhea and mucus or blood in
      stool. Sigmoidoscopic examination is of diagnostic value; the treatment of choice
      has to be colostomy and resection. A causative factor for the development of
      large bowel necrosis is diminution of collateral blood supply, which is discussed
      in detail.

PMID- 964082
TI  - [Lymph flow disorders following arterial surgery of the leg].
AB  - In a series of 342 arterial reconstructions of the iliacolic to popliteal
      arteries 24 patients with lymph vessel damage were observed. The diagnosis of
      lymphedema was established in 18 patients by clinical findings and in 2 of them
      the diagnosis was confirmed by lymphography with followup of 1 year. Three
      patients developed an internal lymphogenic cyst, 3 showed an external lymph
      fistula, and 1 patient developed an infection of a dacron bifurcation graft. The
      infection occurred when an additional occlusion of the left femoral artery was
      bypassed with an autologous saphenous vein graft and a lymph cyst in the groin,
      which was excised several times, became infected. The patient was treated
      successfully by excising the graft and performing an axillofemoral bypass.
      Although cases of surgical damage to lymph vessels following arterial
      reconstructions are rare in the literature, it is assumed that this complication
      occurs more often than reported, because of lack of lymphographic information.

PMID- 964083
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the portal vein].
AB  - A case report of a 34-year-old female with leiomyoma of the portal vein is
      presented. The tumor was found accidentally, when laparatomy with diagnosis of
      cholelithiasis was performed. Total excision of the leiomyoma including a part of
      the anterior wall of the portal vein was necessary and could be carried out. The
      continuity of the portal vein could be preserved using continuous vascular
      suture. Microscopical examination of the tumor showed an increased proliferation
      rate in the leiomyoma; therefore the tumor was classified "semimalignant". A
      review of the literature concerning leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the central
      and the peripheral veins showed 91 published cases and no other report of portal
      vein leiomyoma. The tumors of the vena cava inferior, which have been observed
      mostly, are listed in particular.

PMID- 964084
TI  - [Liver resection under occlusion of hepato-duodenal ligaments. Renunciation of a
      textbook opinion].
AB  - The belief that the hepatoduodenal ligament should only be clamped for 5-10 min,
      then the clamp released for a shorter or longer period, can no longer be upheld.
      The author's clinical investigations have shown that continous clamping up to 20
      min can be tolerated by the liver without adverse effect. The authors consider a
      clamping time of 30-40 min tolerable particularly if the liver is cooled by
      pouring cold Ringer's solution over it. In one case, splenic capsule rupture was
      a complication of clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament.

PMID- 964085
TI  - [Unusual indication for 2/3 gastroduodenopancreatectomy in ulcer of the papilla,
      acute pancreatitis and massive ascites].
AB  - A 32-year-old worker, an alcoholic with a history of duodenal ulcer for 2 years,
      was admitted because of weight loss, severe pain in the upper abdomen, and
      ascites. Serum lipase was 1200 mU. X-ray showed a possible postbulbar ulcer.
      Laparotomy was performed, and 10 1 ascitic fluid were evacuated, the latter
      caused by a peripancreatic callosity compressing the portal vein. FINDINGS:
      multiple necrotic areas in the pancreas; sequestrum cavity in the head of the
      pancreas connected with a callous ulcer at the duodenal papilla (histology: no
      malignancy). Two-thirds gastric resection, subtotal duodenopancreatectomy,
      extirpation of the gallbladder and common bile duct, splenectomy,
      gastroenteroanastomosis, and antecolic hepatojejunostomy were performed. After a
      transitory cerebrovascular incident, the patient was discharged on the 34th
      postoperative day. The patient has gained 11 kg, and works in the construction
      business. The pathogene development, frequency of complications, and therapy of
      postbulbar ulcer are described.

PMID- 964086
TI  - [Modification of postoperative intestinal atony using caerulein. Comparative
      studies in the rat and man].
AB  - The effect of caerulein upon postoperative enteral paralysis was investigated in
      animals and men. The increase in motility effected by cerulein in rats was proved
      by the increase in passage demonstrated after administration of radioactive test
      food (51CrO4Na2 solution). A clinical survey comprising 20 patients in the
      postoperative period following cholecystectomy, compared to an untreated control
      group, confirmed our findings.

PMID- 964087
TI  - [Proximal rupture in the triceps surae a typical, but often unrecognized injury].
AB  - An account is given of 12 high ruptures of the triceps surae, a traumatic lesion
      of the medial belly of the gastrocnemius, caused by sudden overstreching of the
      muscle by concomitant ankle dorsiflexion and full knee extension. In all cases
      the authors found characteristic clinical features. Surgical exploration in 5 of
      12 cases verified the ruptures of the musculotendinous junction of the medial
      gastrocnemius belly. A follow-up study of 2 years showed that the surgical
      treatment seems to be better, especially in younger and athletic patients.

PMID- 964088
TI  - [Studies on the antibacterial efficacy of Cu-compounds in combination with
      acridine orange as additive to a polymethylacrylate].
AB  - Copper acetate of suitable specific surface (Kupferacetat Fargua) and copper
      acetate plus acridin orange intermixed with Palacos powder have bactericidal
      efficacy against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterias depending on bacterial
      species. The Palacos osseous cement releases the intermixed substances over long
      periods of time. There exists a mutual influence on the bactericidal increase of
      both substances.

PMID- 964089
TI  - [Extraction of a severed cava catheter using a calculi catcher].

PMID- 964090
TI  - [Intraoperative choledochoscopy. Experiences with a new choledochoscope].

PMID- 964091
TI  - [Experiences with an instruction sheet for plaster casts].

PMID- 964092
TI  - [Cryogenic surgery of malignant tumors of the trachea. Experimental research in
      rats with Walker's carcinoma].

PMID- 964093
TI  - [Evaluation of the kidney function by means of radioisotope technic after
      ligation of the vena cava above the renal veins, (experimental study in
      rabbits)].

PMID- 964094
TI  - [Modifications of the hemodynamic parameters induced by variations of the
      distributed vascular resistances simulated on an experimental model with
      increased constant general pressure].

PMID- 964095
TI  - [Evaluation of the clinical picture, diagnostic problems and results of surgical
      treatment in 65 patients with cancer of the pancreas].

PMID- 964096
TI  - [Heart of the aged person].

PMID- 964097
TI  - [Therapeutic and surgical deliberation over the surgical treatment of cervico
      trochanteric fractures in the aged. Apropos of 200 cases].

PMID- 964098
TI  - [Apposition of the serous surface of a jejunal loop in the treatment of hepato
      choledochal defects (clinical and experimental study)].

PMID- 964099
TI  - [Extra skeletal plasmacytic sarcoma located in the pancreas].

PMID- 964100
TI  - [Current moral and economic aspects of indications for surgery].

PMID- 964101
TI  - [Arterial complications of the Fogarty ballon catheter].

PMID- 964102
TI  - Single copy DNA and structural gene sequence relationships among four sea urchin
      species.
AB  - Measurements of the divergence of single copy DNA sequences among four sea
      urichin species are presented. At a standard criterion for reassociation (0.12 M
      phosphate buffer, 60 degrees C, hydroxyapatite binding) we observe the following
      extents of reaction and reductions in thermal stability for single copy DNA
      reassociation between Strongylocentrotus purpuratus tracer and heterologous
      driver DNA: S. drobachiensis 68% and 2.5 degrees C; S. franciscanus 51% and 3.5
      degrees C; Lytechinus pictus 12% and 7.5 degrees C. The implied extents of
      sequence relatedness are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships of these
      species. The rate of single copy sequence divergence in the evolutionary lines
      leading to the Strongylocentrotus species is estimated to be 0.06-0.35% per
      million years. The rate of divergence of total single copy sequence has been
      compared to that of structural gene sequences represented in S. purpuratus
      gastrula polysomal messenger RNA. When closely related species, S. purpuratus and
      S. franciscanus, are compared, these polysomal sequences are found to diverge at
      a lower rate than does the total single copy sequence. For two very distantly
      related species, S. purpuratus and L. pictus, a small fraction of the single copy
      DNA sequence is probably conserved. These conserved sequences are not enriched in
      their content of structural gene sequences.

PMID- 964103
TI  - Haploid genome reactivation and recovery by cell hybridization. Induction of DNA
      synthesis in spermatid nuclei.
AB  - DNA replication in haploid spermatid nuclei has been induced by hybridization of
      mouse early spermatids to proliferating HeLa cells. Use of polyethylene glycol
      rather than inactivated Sendai virus as the cell fusion agent was found to be
      essential to the production of large numbers of heterokaryons containing
      spermatid nuclei. DNA replication was detected in the heterokaryons by
      autoradiography. Density of silver grains over spermatid nucleic closely
      approximated the grain density over labelled HeLa nuclei in the same
      heterokaryons. Mouse centromeric heterochromatin appeared to be labelled last
      during the spermatid DNA synthetic period. On the average, HeLa nuclei in
      heterokaryons began DNA synthesis before spermatid nuclei. Results indicated,
      however, that DNA synthesis by HeLa nuclei might not be a prerequisite for
      spermatid DNA synthesis. These experiments demonstrate induction of DNA synthesis
      in spermatid nuclei, the first major step toward reactivation and recovery of
      their haploid genome by cell hybridization.

PMID- 964104
TI  - Chromosome constitution of in vitro segregated haploid and diploid cells of the
      mouse.
AB  - The composition in segregated haploid sets of paternal and maternal chromosomes
      has been studied in order to verify whether their composition is uniparental of
      mixed, fixed or variable. Primary cultures where prepared using kidneys from
      hybrids of strains of Mus musculus in which the parental chromosomes are
      distinguishable; the maternal set consists of 20 teleocentric chromosomes, the
      paternal set of 9 metacentric chromosomes, derived by Robertsonian fusion and 2
      telocentrics. Applying Seabright's banding technique, an analysis of segregated
      haploid and diploid cells, which have originated spontaneously through
      polyploidisation-segregation processes was carried out. It was concluded that the
      haploid sets have a variable composition of paternal and maternal chromosomes.

PMID- 964106
TI  - The treatment of high fistula-in-ano.

PMID- 964105
TI  - Analysis of the frequency of sister chromatid exchange in different regions of
      chromosomes of the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii).
AB  - The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) has been determined for C band
      and non-C band regions of chromosomes of the kangaroo rat after staining with the
      fluorescence plus giemsa (FPG) technique. After one complete round of DNA
      synthesis in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining of the C band
      regions revealed simple or complex asymmetries between chromatids. After two
      complete rounds of DNA synthesis in the presence of BrdU "harlequin" chromosomes
      were observed. Analysis of the distribution of SCE in chromosomes at their 1st
      and 2nd mitosis showed that relatively few exchanges occur within C band regions,
      although the frequency of SCEs is high at the junction between C band and non-C
      band chromosome regions.

PMID- 964107
TI  - Fistula-in-Ano: perineal fistula of intra-abdominal or intrapelvic origin
      simulating fistula-in-ano--report of seven cases.
AB  - Fistulas manifesting in the perianal region but originating in the abdomen often
      have their true origin not recognized for extended periods. Examples of seven
      such complex cases are presented and discussed. Removal of the abdominal
      abnormality is mandatory before any cure can be effected; the perianal portion
      usually heals without any special local treatment.

PMID- 964109
TI  - Fistula-in-ano: management of perianal suppuration.

PMID- 964108
TI  - Fistula-in-ano: a ten-year follow-up study of horseshoe-abscess fistula-in-ano.
AB  - A preliminary report in 1965 described a conservative surgical procedure for the
      management of acute and chronic horseshoe anal fistulas. The operation has been
      used exclusively at the Ochsner Clinic for this problem since 1963. Forty-one
      patients were treated from 1963 to 1973. The paper reviews the pathology of acute
      and chronic horseshoe anal fistulas and describes the surgical procedure for both
      acute and chronic horseshoe abscess anal fistulas with accompanying
      illustrations. The excellent results with minimal deformity of the anus and anal
      canal are attributed to avoidance of severing the superficial external sphincter
      between its coccygeal origin and the anus. Of the 41 patients treated in the
      period from 1963 to 1973, healing was good, and there has been no recurrence.

PMID- 964110
TI  - Fistula-in-ano: management of Chrohn's fistula.

PMID- 964111
TI  - Fistula-in-Ano: discussion.

PMID- 964112
TI  - Volvulus of the sigmoid colon: a ten-year study.
AB  - A ten-year study of volvulus of the sigmoid colon is presented. Although the
      results of treatment of volvulus of the sigmoid colon are generally improving,
      the challenge for further improvement remains.

PMID- 964113
TI  - Malignant duodenocolic fistula: report of two cases, each with one or more other
      synchronous gastointestinal cancers.
AB  - Two patients had duodenocolic fistulas, each following a carcinoma of the colon
      in the area of the hepatic flexure that had perforated into the duodenum. The
      first patient was treated by a radical pancreatoduodenectomy with right
      colectomy; the second by subtotal colectomy with excision of the duodenal wall
      and suture. Both patients are alive and without evidence of recurrent disease. In
      addition, the first patient had two other primary carcinomas, in the cecum and in
      the stomach, and the second patient had another primary in the sigmoid. The
      definitive procedure had to be adjusted to encompass all lesions. The radical
      operation in one stage seems to be the preferred procedure and certainly is most
      satisfactory as a cancer operation. Our patient treated by this procedure has
      survived more than 11 years. An intestinal fistula related to colonic carcinoma,
      evan though rare, should not be considered as a separate entity. Treatment of the
      cancer with an en-bloc resection of the communicating organs should be employed
      if possible.

PMID- 964114
TI  - Adenocarcinoma arising in a sigmoid diverticulum: report of a case.
AB  - A case of adenocarcinoma arising in a sigmoid diverticulum is presented. A
      patient who had colonic diverticulosis was found to have one diverticular lumen
      distended by tumor mass. Microscopically, this was seen to be adenocarcinoma
      arising from the diverticular mucosa. Apparently, this is the first reported case
      of adenocarcinoma arising in an intact diverticulum of the colon.

PMID- 964115
TI  - Gangrene and spontaneous perforation of the cecum as a complication of pseudo
      obstruction of the colon: report of three cases and speculation as to etiology.
AB  - "Pseudo-obstruction of the colon" refers to a condition in which physical and
      radiologic findings identical to those associated with mechanical obstruction of
      the large bowel are found, but in which no organic cause of colonic distention
      can be identified. These cases may involve progressive proximal large-intestinal
      dilation to the point of cecal perforation or necrosis. Two cases of spontaneous
      perforation of the cecum and one case of gangrene of the cecum secondary to
      proximal distention of the right colon that followed pseudo-obstruction of the
      colon are presented. Various etiologic factors reported in the medical literature
      are discussed and analyzed, and an anatomicophysiologic explanation of a possible
      mechanism, based on sympathetic-parasympathetic neurostimulatory imbalance, is
      offered.

PMID- 964116
TI  - [O-beta-diethylaminoethylhydroxylamine--reagent for DNA conformation in
      solution].

PMID- 964117
TI  - [Toxicity of organosilicon alcohols, mercaptans and their derivatives].

PMID- 964118
TI  - [Mechanism of non-adrenergic inhibition of gastric electromotor activity].

PMID- 964119
TI  - [Uranoscopus scaber--transitional form in the evolution of electric organs in
      fishes].

PMID- 964120
TI  - [Effect of brain extracts from the White Sea polychaete Nephthys minuta Theel on
      its acclimatization to lowered salinity of the surrounding medium].

PMID- 964121
TI  - [Role of promotor sites of transcriptions in microevolutionary processes].

PMID- 964122
TI  - [Methylation of preformed DNA in rat liver cell nuclei and mitochondria].

PMID- 964123
TI  - [Endocrinal regulation of the reactivation of diapausing pupae of the cabbage
      butterfly Pieris brassicae L].

PMID- 964124
TI  - [Substrate specificity of immobilized lipases].

PMID- 964125
TI  - Quantitative significance of skin thermoreceptor pulsation in thermoregulation
      mechanisms according to data from non-anesthetized animals.

PMID- 964126
TI  - [Effect of 4-vinylpyridine and 4-vinylpyridinium oxide polymers and their
      copolymers on the hemolytic activity of complement].

PMID- 964128
TI  - Distinctions with little difference: pseudo-competition in the pharmaceutical
      industry.

PMID- 964127
TI  - What should the doctor carry in the case?

PMID- 964129
TI  - Drugs and diet in the hereditary hepatic porphyrias.

PMID- 964130
TI  - Altered gastrointestinal function and the absorption of drugs.

PMID- 964131
TI  - Oxpentifylline (Trental) in peripheral arterial disease.

PMID- 964132
TI  - Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium).

PMID- 964133
TI  - Fybranta - brain as a tablet.

PMID- 964135
TI  - Computerised transverse axial tomography of the brain.

PMID- 964134
TI  - The medicines act and "me-too" drugs.

PMID- 964136
TI  - Vaginal candidosis (moniliasis).

PMID- 964137
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the kidney (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In 140 patients who were suspected of having space-occupying lesions of the
      kidney the ultrasound findings were analysed. There were no false negative
      results. Out of 4 false positives two could be explained by nontumourous focal
      renal disease. In a further 10 cases a space-occupying lesion could not be
      excluded with certainty on the grounds of the ultrasound investigation alone. Out
      of a total of 96 space-occupying lesions (48 solid tumours, 48 cystic processes)
      83 were correctly diagnosed sonographically.

PMID- 964138
TI  - [Dose-activity relationships of the BCG vaccine for newborn infants (author's
      transl)].
AB  - BCG vaccine with the Kopenhagen strain was injected intracutaneously in 217
      newborn infants in four different concentrations (22.000, 50.000, 110.000, and
      160.000 organisms per dose). 171 children could be followed up and tested. The
      results showed a good activity (tuberculin conversion) with a low risk (no
      ulcers, no severe regional lymph node swelling). There were no complications. As
      would be expected the conversion rate was highest (95%) with the vaccine with the
      highest concentration (160.000 U per dose). This concentration is thus
      recommended for the general BCG vaccination of newborn infants. In contrast to
      previous experience tuberculin conversion could be demonstrated in 22 babies
      without a local reaction at the vaccination site. In 13 children the opposite was
      true.

PMID- 964139
TI  - [Out-patient treatment of periproctitic abscesses (author's transl)].
AB  - A total of 237 patients were treated over a period of five years for anorectal
      abscesses. Wide circular opening with removal of all purulent foci and necroses
      from outside had been preferred, because almost only "late forms" of anorectal
      inflammatory processes (perianal and ischiorectal abscesses) were seen.
      Sphincterotomy was possible in only a few patients. Postoperative fistulae
      occurred in 14% of the patients.

PMID- 964140
TI  - [Elimination of toxic peptides from amanita phalloides by charcoal perfusion in
      vitro (author's transl)].
AB  - Charcoal perfusion in vitro resulted in virtually complete detoxication of an
      extract from 170 g of Amanita phalloides in aqueous or plasma protein solution.
      After 4 min of perfusion the amanitin content was reduced to 1-2% after 15 min it
      was less than 1% of the starting material. Under the same conditions toadstool
      toxin was eliminated from plasma protein solution too: after 4 min of perfusion a
      dose of remaining material, corresponding to the LD70 of the starting material,
      was nontoxic in mice.

PMID- 964141
TI  - [Therapy with granulocyte transfusions].

PMID- 964142
TI  - [Cytostatic hair loss as biological model. Cytostatic effect on healthy body
      cells].

PMID- 964143
TI  - [Physician's discretion in information duty].

PMID- 964144
TI  - [Nerve root lesions by neural therapy].

PMID- 964145
TI  - [On "Constancy of neoplasm risk in man"].

PMID- 964146
TI  - [On "Constancy of neoplasm risk in man"].

PMID- 964147
TI  - [Consumption coagulopathy in subarachnoid hemorrhage?].

PMID- 964148
TI  - [Liver function in zero diet].

PMID- 964149
TI  - ["Anemia heart"].

PMID- 964150
TI  - [Coarctation of the aorta on the plain chest x-ray (author's transl)].
AB  - Chest X-rays were analysed in 22 male and 16 female patients (mean age 30.7
      years) with coarctation of the aorta. The results were correlated with
      angiography, haemodynamic pressures and operative findings. The left subclavian
      artery was prominent in 33 cases, signs indicating a collateral circulation (rib
      notching, internal mammary artery) were present in 26 cases. In addition there
      were changes of cardiac and aortic configuration. The least reliable sign was
      constriction of the aorta due to the stenosis itself. Frequent combinations of X
      ray signs were dilatation of the left subclavian artery and a collateral
      circulation, in addition to signs of increased pressure (n = 25). Less frequently
      (n = 8) only a dilated subclavian artery and signs of increased pressure were
      found. The prominence of the subclavian artery was particularly marked in
      systolic pressure gradients through the stenosis of greater than 40 mm Hg, and
      the formation of a collateral circulation when average aortic pressure
      differences above and below the stenosis were less than 40 mm Hg. Collaterals
      were to be found most frequently with a correlation of 2:1 of the systolic
      gradient to the mean pressure gradient delta Ps/delta Pm. A very good correlation
      existed comparing X-ray signs with findings at operation. The diagnosis of
      coarctation of the aorta can thus be made with sufficient certainty from the
      plain chest X-ray.

PMID- 964151
TI  - [ECG changes in dextran intolerance (author's transl)].
AB  - In a 46-year-old patient following infusion of 5-10 ml of dextran ECG changes
      resembling those of infarction occurred together with severe left-sided chest
      pain, tachycardia, and an immeasurably low blood pressure. Rapid recovery
      occurred and normalisation of the ECG within an hour without signs of an
      intermediate phase. On these grounds it can be assumed that these previously
      unrecognised changes are probably the expression of a short-term coronary
      perfusion disturbance as part of an anaphylactoid reaction of the intima.

PMID- 964152
TI  - [Pathogenesis of postvagotomy syndrome].

PMID- 964153
TI  - [Therapy of postvagotomy syndrome].

PMID- 964154
TI  - [Copyright concerning significance of the note "Is not to be used for other
      purposes" on expert testimonies].

PMID- 964155
TI  - [A/New Jersey/76 influenza virus endemic in swine?].

PMID- 964156
TI  - [Diagnosis of chronic alcoholiem].

PMID- 964157
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase in pregnancy].

PMID- 964158
TI  - [Age pigmentation].

PMID- 964159
TI  - [Prevention of contrast media adverse effects].

PMID- 964160
TI  - [Granulocyte transfusions].

PMID- 964161
TI  - [New approach to jaundiced newborn infants].

PMID- 964162
TI  - [Etiology, symptoms and therapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 964163
TI  - [Effect of seasonal variations of daylight on bilirubin level in premature
      infants].

PMID- 964164
TI  - [Surgical treatment of morbid obesity].

PMID- 964165
TI  - [Caustic ulcerations caused by cement].

PMID- 964166
TI  - [Clinicopathological conference 36. Persistant fever in a child].

PMID- 964167
TI  - [Are parathormone determination of clinical value?].

PMID- 964168
TI  - [Long-term results of neonatal surgery].

PMID- 964169
TI  - [Cholangiography in connection with cholecystectomy].

PMID- 964170
TI  - [Primary vesico-ureteral reflux in adults].

PMID- 964171
TI  - [Body constitution and coronary heart disease].

PMID- 964172
TI  - [Computerized tomography].

PMID- 964173
TI  - [Latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of meningococcal and haemophilus
      meningitis].

PMID- 964174
TI  - [Ruptured pregnant rudimentary uterine horn].

PMID- 964175
TI  - [Clinico-pathological conference XXXVII. Progressive ataxia, tetraparesis and
      mental deterioration in a school aged girl].

PMID- 964176
TI  - Pulmonary embolic disease in Kenya.

PMID- 964177
TI  - Iatrogenic vascular injuries.

PMID- 964178
TI  - Bleeding in louse-borne relapsing fever in Ethiopia; clinical and laboratory
      features in 29 patients.

PMID- 964179
TI  - Cost analysis of out-patient services at Kiambu District Hospital, Kenya.

PMID- 964180
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 964181
TI  - The geographical distribution of onchocerciasis in Malawi.

PMID- 964182
TI  - Indications for patient management in an intensive care unit.

PMID- 964183
TI  - Brucella meningitis--a case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 964184
TI  - Viral hepatitis during pregnancy in Ethiopia.

PMID- 964185
TI  - Observations on helminthozoonoses in Zambia.

PMID- 964186
TI  - Venesection therapy in haemosiderosis.

PMID- 964187
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis: an occupational hazard.

PMID- 964188
TI  - An evaluation of secondary infertility in Kenya.

PMID- 964189
TI  - Use of bladder flap in reconstruction of lower third of the ureter.

PMID- 964190
TI  - Isolation of respiratory syncytial virus from patients with lower respiratory
      tract infections in a paediatric observation ward in Kenya.

PMID- 964191
TI  - Some observations on congestive cardiac failure in African patients in Dar es
      Salaam.

PMID- 964192
TI  - Disease pattern in Ukambani, Kenya.

PMID- 964193
TI  - Lightning stroke on Ukerewe Island: a case report.

PMID- 964194
TI  - Acute volvulus of the stomach: a case report.

PMID- 964195
TI  - Electrophysiological studies in hemiplegia: lower motor neurone findings and
      correlates.

PMID- 964196
TI  - Computer analysis of the correlation between the activity of the masseter muscles
      during unilateral chewing in man.

PMID- 964197
TI  - Relation between nerve axon size and muscle unit size and speed in motor units of
      cat hind limb muscles.

PMID- 964198
TI  - Response variables and the CNV revisited.

PMID- 964199
TI  - Alcoholic myopathy, electrophysiological study.

PMID- 964200
TI  - Scalp distribution of somato-sensory evoked potentials and aging.

PMID- 964201
TI  - Electromyographic investigation of procerus and frontalis muscles.

PMID- 964202
TI  - Tonic neck reflex influence on tendon and Hoffmann reflexes in man.

PMID- 964203
TI  - Muscle potentials evoked by supramaxinal nerve stimulation and their prognostic
      value in recent nerve injuries.

PMID- 964204
TI  - Comparison of electrical activity and duration of tension in the human rectus
      femoris muscle.

PMID- 964205
TI  - Comparative in vitro biological activity of 1-34 N-terminal synthetic fragments
      of human parathyroid hormone on bovine and porcine kidney membranes.
AB  - 1-34 N-terminal fragments of human parathyroid hormone with sequences according
      to Brewer et al (hPTHB) and to Niall et al (hPTHN) were synthesized and compared
      for their ability to activate bovine and porcine kidney cortex membrane adenylate
      cyclase. Results show that these two hormone sequences are able to activate these
      membranes but at least in this in vitro assay, hPTHN is about 10 times more
      active than hPTHB on bovine as well as on porcine membranes. These "apparent
      potencies" with respect to the potency of bPTH 1-34 in bovine and porcine
      membrane assay systems are respectively 4% and 11% for hPTHB and 39% and 156% for
      hPTHN. These relative potencies may be interpreted as corresponding to species
      specificity of the hormone receptor structural relationships.

PMID- 964206
TI  - Induction of uterine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by antiestrogens. Inhibition
      of estradiol-mediated induction of ODC: a possible mechanism of action of
      antiestrogens.
AB  - The ability of antiestrogens (tamoxifen and nafoxidine) to affect uterine
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the ovariectomized rat was determined. Tamoxifen
      citrate (1 mg or 10 mg/kg) and nafoxidine (0.5 mg/kg) markedly elevated ODC
      levels. Tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) given for 4 days totally inhibited the E2 (0.5
      mug/kg)-mediated induction of ODC. Similarly nafoxidine (0.5 mug/kg) given once a
      day for 2 days inhibited the E2-mediated induction of ODC. The relation of the
      inhibition of ODC induction by antiestrogens to their mechanism of action as
      antiestrogens is discussed.

PMID- 964207
TI  - Uterine tubulin production during early pregnancy in the rabbit.
AB  - Rabbit uterine tubulin levels rise rapidly in the preimplantation period to peak
      values of about 10-fold in the endometrium and about 4-5 fold in the myometrium
      on days 3-5 of pregnancy. Endometrial tubulin falls to non-pregnancy levels by
      mid-pregnancy while myometrial tubulin declines much more slowly. The rise in
      tubulin exceeds the early rate of increase in total uterine protein and DNA.
      Following implantation, tubulin content of the decidual basal plate area
      increases rapidly to peak about day 12 then declines. Production of uterine
      tubulin appears capable of a major, short term response to gonadal hormone
      stimulation.

PMID- 964209
TI  - Long-range planning.

PMID- 964208
TI  - The half-life of luteinizing hormone in intact and castrated quail during
      photoperiodic stimulation.
AB  - In the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) the plasma concentration of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) depends on the physiological state of the animal. Low
      levels are found in sexually immature birds on short days (0.8 +/- 0.1 (n = 20)
      ng/ml) while after exposure to long days, sexually mature birds have a
      significantly higher LH level (4.4 +/- 0.4 (n = 20) ng/ml). Castration of long
      day males results in an even higher rise in LH concentration to 16.8 +/- 1.8 (n =
      16) ng/ml. When the half-life (t1/2) of circulating LH was determined it was
      found to have two components: a fast t 1/2 of about 6 min and a slower component
      of either 20 min (determined by a radioisotope method), or 40 min (following
      hypophysectomy). No significant difference was observed in either of these
      components between birds in the three physiological states (short days, long
      days, castration plus long days). It would appear, therefore, that since the half
      life of plasma LH remains constant, the difference in circulating LH observed
      under the various physiological conditions results solely from a change in the
      rate of LH secretion.

PMID- 964210
TI  - Association seeks amendment of health manpower bill.

PMID- 964211
TI  - The role of dental auxiliaries in the future dental health care delivery system.

PMID- 964212
TI  - Early response of gastric mucosa to ingested asbestos dust and the dissolution of
      nickel.

PMID- 964213
TI  - Pollen mitosis and pollen tube growth inhibition by SO2 in cultured pollen tubes
      of Tradescantia.

PMID- 964214
TI  - The reliability of measures of amphibole fiber concentration in water.

PMID- 964215
TI  - A method to distinguish between arsenic in and on human hair.

PMID- 964216
TI  - The effects of dietary lead content and food restriction on lead retention in
      rats.

PMID- 964217
TI  - The cytogenetic effects of ozone: inhalation and in vitro exposures.

PMID- 964218
TI  - Thyroid responses to acoustic stimulation.

PMID- 964219
TI  - Ozone, temperature, and mortality in Rotterdam in the summers of 1974 and 1975.

PMID- 964220
TI  - Hyperplastic changes in the rat distal tubular epithelial cells following in
      utero exposure to methylmercury.

PMID- 964221
TI  - Influence of magnesium on the intestinal absorption of lead.

PMID- 964222
TI  - Ultraviolet exposure patterns.

PMID- 964223
TI  - Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase: inhibition in ducks dosed with lead shot.

PMID- 964224
TI  - The effect of amostie and chrysotile asbestos on the clearance of TiO2 particles
      from the lung.

PMID- 964225
TI  - Epidemiology of mesothelioma in Israel.

PMID- 964226
TI  - Operator response factors in the location and control of foot pedals.

PMID- 964227
TI  - The influence of adaptation on subjective velocity for an observer in simulated
      rectilinear motion.

PMID- 964228
TI  - Ergonomic study on above-knee prosthetic rehabilitees carrying graded loads.

PMID- 964229
TI  - Effect of background constraint on visual search times.

PMID- 964230
TI  - Head protection in sport with particular application to ice hockey.

PMID- 964231
TI  - Ergonomics in relation to sanitary ware design.

PMID- 964232
TI  - The effect of memory load on the circadian variation in performance efficiency
      under a rapidly rotating shift system.

PMID- 964233
TI  - A comparison of heart rates during blind mobility and car driving.

PMID- 964234
TI  - A study of passenger behaviour on a slow speed travellator system.

PMID- 964235
TI  - Continuous measurement and rapid kinetics of ATP synthesis in rat liver
      mitochondria, mitoplasts and inner membrane vesicles determined by firefly
      luciferase luminescence.
AB  - Oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria, the mitoplast or inner
      membrane-matrix fraction, and inverted inner membrane vesicles was studied with
      firefly luciferase luminescence. All preparations showed relatively high ATP/O
      ratios under initial reaction conditions in the presence of Mg2+, but only intact
      mitochondria demonstrated significant respiratory control. Mitochondria and
      mitoplasts, but not vesicles, catalyzed nearly complete conversion of ADP to ATP.
      Vesicles converted between 50% and 70% of added ADP to ATP establishing a
      phosphate potential of 9.8 to 10.5 kcal/mol (43.9 kJ/mol). In "loosely coupled"
      submitochondrial systems which do not display respiratory control, the phosphate
      potential appears to be a useful parameter of the integrity of the
      phosphorylating membrane, while ATP/O ratios may be dependent on the relative
      concentrations of ADP and ATP in the reaction medium. The rapid kinetics of
      oxidative synthesis of ATP by inverted inner membrane vesicles was investigated
      in stopped-flow rapid-mixing experiments. After an oxygen pulse to reduced
      vesicles, ATP synthesis commenced within 20 ms. In antimycin-inhibited vesicles,
      ATP synthesis resulting from the rapid oxidation of the terminal portion of the
      respiratory chain commenced within 20ms and took approximately 100 ms for half
      completion. Since half oxidation of the terminal portion of the respiratory chain
      occurs within a few milliseconds, ATP synthesis resulting from such redox
      reactions must occur over a significantly longer time course than the redox
      reactions themselves.

PMID- 964236
TI  - The structure of pentasaccharides and hexasaccharides from blood group substance
      H.
AB  - Six individual reduced pentasaccharides and hexasaccharides were isolated after
      sodium borohydride degradation of blood group substance H from pig stomach
      linings. Their structure was determined by means of periodate oxidation,
      methylation analysis, mass spectrometry, partial acid and enzymic hydrolysis and
      chromic anhydride oxidation. It has been found that all the oligosaccharides
      investigated contain the common tetrasaccharide core to which terminal alpha-L
      fucose and N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine residues are attached. Some problems of
      carbohydrate chain heterogeneity in blood group substances are discussed.

PMID- 964237
TI  - Human-polymorphonuclear-leucocyte neutral protease and its inhibitor. Studies
      with fluorescein-labelled polymeric collagen fibrils as a substrate.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leucocytes were obtained from the synovial fluids of
      patients with inflamed knee joints suffering either from Reiter's syndrome or
      from rheumatoid arthritis. The polymorphonuclear leucocytes were collected by
      gentle centrifugation followed by disruption and their subcellular fractionation
      by centrifugation in 0.34 M sucrose to provide a granule fraction and a post
      granule supernatant fraction. 0.5 M KCl extraction of the granule fraction
      yielded neutral protease activity, similar to trypsin, when assayed against
      fluorescein-labelled polymeric collagen fibrils. The post-granule supernatant
      fraction contained an inhibitor towards the neutral protease and trypsin. The
      inhibition of the neutral protease was found to be time-dependent, this
      inhibition being released after 1.5-2 h. In contrast, the inhibition of trypsin
      was irreversible and this property was used to devise an assay procedure for the
      inhibitor.

PMID- 964238
TI  - Synthesis of the brain-specific S-100 protein in a cell-free system from wheat
      embryo programmed with poly(A)-containing RNA from rabbit brain.
AB  - Polyadenylated polysomal RNA was prepared from rabbit cerebral hemispheres using
      phenol extraction and chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. This RNA directed
      the synthesis of the brain-specific S-100 protein in cell-free extracts from
      wheat embryo. S-100 protein was absent from the products of endogenous
      incorporation and from a reaction programmed with kidney mRNA. These results
      suggest that S-100 protein mRNA contains a poly(adenylic acid) sequence and rule
      out the necessity of a brain-specific factor for translation of -S100 protein
      mRNA.

PMID- 964239
TI  - Structural determination of three glycoasparagines isolated from the urine of a
      patient with aspartylglycosaminuria.
AB  - Three different glycoasparagines have been isolated from the urine of a patient
      with aspartylglycosaminuria and their structures determined using sugar, amino
      acid and methylation analysis, enzymic degradation and measurements of the
      optical rotations. The structures were 2-acetamido-1-N-(4'-L-aspartyl)-2-deoxy
      beta-D-glucopyranosylamine (yield 135 mg/l) beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to
      4)-2-acetamido-1-N-(4'-L-aspartyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylamine (yield 35
      mg/l), and alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1 leads
      to 4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2-acetamido-1-N
      (4'-L-aspartyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylamine (yield 30 mg/l). The first two
      compounds have previously been described, whereas the third compound is different
      from any of the glycoasparagines isolated before.

PMID- 964240
TI  - Structure and function of rat-liver ribosomes. Modification by 2-methoxy-5
      nitrotropone treatment.
AB  - Rat liver ribosomes and 60-S ribosome subunits were treated with the primary
      amino-group-specific reagent 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone. Important differences in
      the sensitivity of several ribosomal activities to inactivation by the reagent
      were observed. While elongation-factor-dependent activities are totally abolished
      in the treated particles, peptidyl transferase activity is either unaffected in
      60-S ribosomal subunits or even strongly stimulated in 80-S ribosomes. Analysis
      of the ribosomal proteins modified by nitrotropone made it possible to draw some
      conclusions on their accessibility in the ribosomal structure and to relate some
      proteins with their involvement in the ribosome active centers. Thus, proteins
      L3, L13, L15 and L23 seem to be in a rather well protected position while
      proteins L10, L35, L37, X1 and X2 are totally exposed to the reagent. The protein
      accessibility also depends on the ribosome conformation, proteins L14 and L17,
      for instance, being sensitive in 80-S ribosomes and protected in 60-S subunits.
      In relation to the implication of proteins in functional centers, the data
      presented here together with other data obtained from protein-deficient core
      particles seem to indicate a possible role of proteins L21 and/or L26 in the
      peptidyl transferase center.

PMID- 964241
TI  - A novel pathway for the synthesis of solanidine in the isolated chloroplast from
      greening potatoes.
AB  - Synthesis of chlorophyll always preceded the synthesis of solanine in cold-stored
      potatoes in the presence of dim light (30--40 lux). Isolated chloroplasts from
      green peelings were able to fix CO2. The evidence obtained showed a direct
      reduction of CO2 to formate, which was the primary product of fixation. Apart
      from this the chloroplasts were capable of incorporating NaH14CO3, [14C]formate,
      [2-14/C]glycine, [2-14C]pyruvate, [2-14C]acetate, [2-14C]mevalonate and [U
      14C]serine into the solanidine moiety of the alkaloid. The intermediates in the
      pathway between CO2 and acetate have been identified as formate, glycine, serine
      and pyruvate. The localization of the enzymes involved in the reaction sequence
      viz. serine hydroxymethyl-transferase, and pyruvic dehydrogenase complex, in the
      isolated chloroplast has been established.

PMID- 964242
TI  - The keratin chains of avian scale tissue. Sequence heterogeneity and the number
      of scale keratin genes.
AB  - The three major proteins of chick scale keratin were isolated as their S
      carboxymethylated derivatives and shown to be similar or identical in molecular
      weight by gel filtration but to be distinct by amino acid analysis and gel
      electrophoresis. The major amino-terminal sequence of scale keratin chains was
      determined and shown to be highly homologous to the corresponding region of
      feather keratin chains. The carboxyl-terminal peptides of the three scale keratin
      fractions differed in sequence but were all homologous to the carboxyl-terminal
      segment of feather keratin chains. The pronounced concentration of cysteine
      residues at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal segments suggested a similar
      role for these regions in both scale and feather keratin chains, namely to
      provide a disulphide-linked matrix to maintain the organisation of fibrils which
      arise from the internal hydrophobic segments of both types of chain. Analysis of
      a large hydrophobic segment from each of the three isolated protein fractions
      revealed that each was composed largely of repeating tripeptide units of the type
      Gly-Gly-X (where X = Phe, Leu or Tyr). At a few positions in each hydrophobic
      peptide, microheterogeneity was apparent in the sequences indicating that each
      isolated protein fraction was composed of at least three different chains each
      encoded by a different gene. A minimum of nine keratin genes are therefore
      expressed in scale tissue.

PMID- 964243
TI  - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity and
      stability.
AB  - There are two forms of ornithine decarboxylase with respect to pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate (pyridoxal-P) affinity in exponentially-growing Swiss 3T3 mouse
      fibroblasts: form I (Km approximately 10 muM) accounts for 30% of the total
      activity, and form II (Km approximately 0.4 muM) the remainder. Each form of the
      enzyme is in rapid equilibrium with ornithine and pyridoxal-P; neither form
      recognizes the Schiff base between ornithine and pyridoxal-P as a substrate.
      Total pyridoxal-P concentrations indicate that both forms may normally be at
      least partially active in vivo. Upon stimulation of 3T3 cells by pituitary growth
      factors, form I becomes undetectable within 4 h. As total activity increases over
      10-fold during this time and continues to increase thereafter, a possible
      conversion of form I to form II could account for this increase only if the Km
      change reflects other changes in preexisting enzyme. The rates of cofactor
      dissociation are apparently the same for each form and neither rate changes with
      the growth state. Since rapid equilibrium kinetics apply, the forms apparently
      differ in their rate of cofactor association. The half-lives of the two forms in
      vivo are the same in unstimulated cells when measured concurrently. Also, the
      half-life of total activity decreases markedly upon stimulation as form II
      becomes dominant. These and other observations are not consistent with pyridoxal
      P serving a major protective function for the enzyme in vivo.

PMID- 964244
TI  - A comparison of some kinetic properties of soluble and bound lactate
      dehydrogenase isoenzymes at different temperatures.
AB  - A comparison was made of some kinetic properties of three chicken lactate
      dehydrogenase isoenzymes (1, 3 and 5) at 4, 16, 23 and 40 degrees C. Assays were
      performed with an enzyme concentration of 0.01 muM at pH 6.0. Under the
      conditions of assay, lactate dehydrogenase 3 and 5 bound to the particulate
      fraction of homogenized skeletal muscle and were evaluated in the soluble and
      particulate state. Binding of isoenzymes 3 and5 to the cellular particulate
      fraction decreased V. This decrease was much greater for lactate dehydrogenase 5
      and 3. Values of V for lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 1 and 3 did not follow a
      simple Arrhenius relationship; there was a rapid change in activity between 16
      and 23 degrees C. The apparent Km (pyruvate) values of all isoenzymes (bound or
      soluble) increased with increasing temperature, changing 4--10-fold. The apparent
      Km for lactate dehydrogenase 5 was greater than that for lactate dehydrogenase 3,
      which in turn was greater than that for lactate dehydrogenase 1.

PMID- 964245
TI  - Structure-activity relationships in acetylcholinesterase reactions. Hydrolysis of
      non-ionic acetic esters.
AB  - The Michaelis-Menten parameters kcat, Ks(app) and the second-order rate constants
      kII = k2/Ks of acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of 25 acetic esters with
      non-ionic leaving groups have been determined at 25 degree C and pH 7.5 in 0.15 M
      KCL. A linear relationship between the substrate noncovalent binding capacity and
      the leaving group hydrophobicity, and a multiparameter correlation of the
      acetylation reaction rate constant logarithm with the leaving group inductive
      effect, hydrophobicity, and steric effect, have been established. The acetyl
      enzyme deacetylation rate constant has been calculated. Taken together, a fairly
      complete understanding of acetylcholinesterase specificity is possible. The data
      are consistent with a model of the acetylcholinesterase active site, in which the
      catalytically active groups are located at the bottom of a jaws-like slit with a
      limited range of hydrophobic walls that provide the sorption of the substrate
      leaving groups not longer than that in n-butyl acetate.

PMID- 964246
TI  - Synthesis of a class of DNA-binding proteins in synchronized untransformed and
      virus-transformed cells.
AB  - The synthesis of a classs of proteins with affinity for denatured DNA has been
      studied in synchronized cultures of the established hamster fibroblast line HIL-1
      and its virus-transformed derivative NIL-1-hamster sarcoma virus. It has been
      found that the synthesis of a DNA-binding protein (P6, molecular weight 50 000)
      in synchronized untransformed NIL-1 cells follows a pattern different from that
      observed in the transformed cells. The protein is low in stationary cultures of
      NIL-1 and NIL-1-hamster sarcoma virus but increases after the cells are
      stimulated to grow, although the time of maximal P6 synthesis relative to
      cellular DNA synthesis is different in NIL-1 and NIL-1-hamster sarcoma virus. In
      contrast, the pattern of synthesis of two other DNA-proteins (P7 and P8') in
      essentially identical in synchronized untransformed and transformed cells. P7 is
      very low in resting cultures of both types of cells, but greatly increases early
      after the cells are stimulated to divide, while P8'is hish in stationary cultures
      and decreases slightly after the initiation of cellular DNA synthesis has
      occurred.

PMID- 964247
TI  - Non-equivalence of human hemoglobin chains in the oxidation-reduction and heme
      transfer reactions. A 13C nuclear-Magnetic-resonance study.
AB  - 12C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been applied to the
      investigation of chain non-equivalence for two reactions of human hemoglobin:
      oxidation-reduction and hemetransfer. The method is based on previous
      observations that in the carbonyl region, Hb13CO gives two well-resolved
      resonances which arise from 13C of carbonyls bound respectively to the alpha and
      beta chains; moreover, integration of spectra allows on e to estimate their
      relative abundance. A mixture of ferrous and ferric hemoglobins in dye-mediated
      oxidation-reduction equilibrium can be formally considered to be equivalent to
      two redox couples in equilibrium, namely alphaIII/alphaII and betaIII/betaII;
      from a knowledge of these ratios, one can conclude whether the chains are
      equivalent or not in their oxidation-reduction properties. In this work, these
      ratios were evaluated by reacting the redox systems with 13CO and integrating the
      13C NMR spectra. The results show differences in the intrinsic oxidation
      reduction potentials of the chains in hemoglobin tetramer, E1/2(beta)being higher
      than E1/2(alpha)in neutral solution but not at pH9 and above. The binding of
      inositol hexakisphosphate does not modify the difference between beta and alpha
      though substantially increasing the overall potential The results are discussed
      in the light of current hypotheses to account for the change of Hill coefficient
      with pH for the reaction studied. The non-equivalence of chains is shown also for
      heme transfer from methemoglobin. For the phosphate-free protein, the beta chains
      lose heme more rapidly than that alpha chains; the addition of inositol
      hexakisphosphate results in the decrease of overall heme transfer as well as of
      chain heterogeneity.

PMID- 964248
TI  - Structural studies of chicken erythrocyte histone H5.
AB  - Spectroscopic studies (nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism and
      infrared) have been carried out on chicken erythrocyte histone H5 and on  three
      peptides cleaved therefrom: 1-31, 32-197 and 58-197. It is shown that at ionic
      strengths above o.1M part of the H5 molecule takes up a globular conformation
      containing 14% alpha helix but no beta sheet structure. Several details of the
      circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonace spectra indicate that the
      globular region is located in the N-terminal half of the molecule and this
      proposal is supported by the observation that the peptide 32-197 is largely
      incapable of folding and the peptide 59-197 is completely incapable of folding.
      Structural similarities and differences between histone H5 and histone H1 are
      discussed.

PMID- 964249
TI  - Calcium regulation in heart cells. The interaction of mitochondrial and
      sarcoplasmic reticulum with troponin-bound calcium.
AB  - A study has been carried out of the interaction of dog heart mitochondria and
      sarcoplasmic reticulum with Ca2+ bound to troponin or to its Ca2+-binding
      component (troponin-C). Both organelles are able to release more than 80% of the
      Ca2+ bound to the two proteins. However, sarcoplasmic reticulum is only able to
      do so in the presence of oxalate, whereas mitochondria are active also in the
      absence of permeant Ca-complexing anions. On the other hand, calcium uptake in
      heart mitochondria is severely inhibited by Mg2+. The results are discussed with
      reference to the problem of the control of Ca2+ in heart sarcoplasm.

PMID- 964250
TI  - The structure of Artemia salina haemoglobins. A comparative characterisation of
      four naupliar and adult heamoglobins.
AB  - Haemoglobins of Artemia salina were investigated during development and the
      results obtained are summarised as follows. a)A new haemoglobin (haemoglobin N)
      was induced de novo in the hatching nauplius, but not in the prenauplius nor in
      the embryo. b)Haemoglobin N seemed not to be synthesised in the adult. c)The
      adult contained three distinct haemoglobins (haemoglobins I, II and III) in a
      quantitative ratio of 1:6:3, respectively, and these haemoglobins were not
      detected in nauplius. d)Isoelectric points determined were 5.7,5.6,5.7, and 5.9
      for haemoglobin N, I, II and III, respectively. e)All four haemoglobins contained
      one large polypeptide (Mr= 1.1-1.3 X 10(5)) and possibly two minir polypeptides
      (Mr = 8-9.5 X 10(4) and Mr = 5.4 X qo(4), respectively).

PMID- 964251
TI  - Acetyl-CoA hydrolase; activity, regulation and physiological significance of the
      enzyme in brown adipose tissue from hamster.
AB  - 1. Acetate production in hamster brown adipose tissue is a consequence of the
      existence of an acetyl-CoA hydrolase. The enzyme is soluble and is localised to
      the mitochondrial matrix. 2. Acetyl-CoA hydrolase has an apparent Km for acetyl
      CoA of 51 muM and a specific activity at 30 degrees C of 870 nmol of acetate
      formed/min per mg 100 000 X g supernatant protein. 3. The enzyme is
      noncompetitively activated by ADP and inhibited by NADH and the effect of these
      nucleotides may well serve to regulate the enzyme activity in vivo. 4. A strong
      product inhibition by CoA is observed. The inhibition is of S-linear-I-hyperbolic
      noncompetitive nature. 5. The hydrolase has a q10 of 2.0, which represents a 7.3%
      change in the rat of acetate production per degrees C. The energy of activation
      is 12,200 cal/mol (53905 J/mol). 6. The regulatory role of acetyl-CoA hydrolase
      for fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue of the hamster (a hibernator) at
      low as well as at normal body temperature is discussed.

PMID- 964252
TI  - Solubilization of the chromatin-bound estrogen receptor from chicken liver and
      fractionation on hydroxylapatite.
AB  - 1. High-affinity estrogen-binding sites can be solubilized from the liver
      chromatin of estrogenized chickens by treatment of the chromatin with 2 M KCL/5 M
      urea and fractionation on hydroxylapatite. Two estrogen-binding proteins are
      eluted from hydroxylapatite columns by 20mM phosphate (binding protein I) and
      200mMphosphate (binding protein II), respectively. 2. The binding protein I is
      part of a non-histone protein fraction containing acid-soluble and insoluble
      proteins, whereas the binding protein II elutes together with high molecular
      weight nonhistone proteins containing acid insoluble proteins only. Both binding
      proteins exhibit the smae affinity for estradiol (Kd approximately 10(-9) M). 3.
      From chromatin of untreated chickens very small amounts of binding protein I (0.1
      pmol/mg protein compared to 1.9 pmol/mg protein from estrogenized chickens) with
      the smae affinity for estradiol as that from estrogenized animals can be
      solubilized. Binding protein II is not detectable. 4. The "soluble nuclear
      estrogen receptor" extracted from crude liver nucleir of estrogenized chickens by
      0.5 M KCL behaves on hydroxylapatite very similarly to salt/urea-dissociated
      chromatin with respect to the binding protein I. No binding protein II, however,
      can be demonstrated. 5. Chromatography of various preparations on Bio-Gel A-1.5 m
      indicates that the binding protein II is a residual chromatin fragment containing
      an unseparated binding protein-DNA complex, whereas the binding protein I
      represents the solubilized nucleic-acid-free chromosomal estrogen receptor. The
      "soluble nuclear receptor" and the binding protein I, however, are not identical
      with respect to their chromatographic behaviour on Bio-Gel A-1.5m, even though
      their estrogen binding entity remaining after trypsin treatment seems to be very
      similar.

PMID- 964253
TI  - Functional identity of the monomeric and multiple forms of elongation-factor 1
      from Krebs-II mouse ascites-tumor cells.
AB  - Highly purified 3H-labelled elongation factor 1 (EF-1) from Krebs II mouse
      ascites tumour cells was separated into biologically active monomeric and
      aggregate forms of the enzyme by either gradient centrifugation or gel
      filtration. When corrected for their content of inactive enzyme both forms of the
      factor were found to be equally active whether tested in the binding or synthesis
      reaction. The only form of the enzyme found bound to ribosomes was the monomer;
      it was therefore concluded that the aggregate form of the enzyme must first
      dissociate before it reacts with the ribosome. The stoichiometry of the aminoacyl
      tRNA binding reaction to ribosomes in the presence of guanosine nucleotides was
      also studied. It was found that one molecule of aminoacyl-tRNA and of Guo-5'-P2
      CH2-P is bound per molecule of EF-1 bound to the ribosome. Following interaction
      with a release from, the ribosomes, EF-1 was found to be predominantly monomeric.

PMID- 964254
TI  - The kinetics in vivo of the synthesis of albumin-like protein and albumin in
      rats.
AB  - The incorporation of radioactivity into total protein, albumin-like protein and
      albumin in liver and into total protein and albumin in blood plasma, was studied
      for a time period of 2 h after intraportal injection of L-[1-14C]leucine. 1. In
      the liver, radioactivity began to increase in albumin-like protein before 2.5 min
      and in albumin at about 10 min after injection. In the plasma, radioactive
      albumin appeared at about 15 min. No albumin-like protein could be detected in
      the plasma. 2. Maximum radioactivity was reached first in albumin-like protein,
      then in hepatic albumin and finally in albumin in the blood-stream. The maximum
      specific radioactivity of albumin-like protein was 15 times higher than that of
      extravascular hepatic albumin which, in turn, was 6 times higher than that of
      plasma albumin. 3. The increase of radioactivity in albumin in the blood
      corresponded almost quantitatively to the decrease of radioactivity in albumin
      like protein. 4. It is concluded that the albumin-like protein is the precursor
      of albumin in vivo. It is converted into albumin 5-6 min before the appearance of
      newly synthesized albumin in the blood-stream.

PMID- 964255
TI  - The amino-acid sequence of the alpha-crystallin A chains of red kangaroo and
      Virginia opossum.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the A chain of the eye lens protein alpha-crystallin
      from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) was completely determined by manual Edman
      degradation of tryptic, thermolytic and cyanogen bromide peptides. The sequence
      of the alpha-crystallin A chain from the Virginia opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)
      was deduced from amino acid analyses and partial Edman degradation of peptides.
      The 173-residue A chains of kangaroo and opossum differ in six positions, whereas
      comparison with the bovine alpha-crystallin A chain reveals 17 and 22
      substitutions, respectively. Most substitutions occur in the COOH-terminal part
      of the chain.

PMID- 964256
TI  - Hamster brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria. The role of fatty acids in the control
      of the proton conductance of the inner membrane.
AB  - The specific ability of fatty acids to increase the proton conductance of the
      inner membrane of mitochondria from the liver and brown adipose tissue of cold
      adapted hamsters was compared. The liver and brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria
      had their effective proton conductances increased by respectively 0.028 and 0.94
      nmol H+- min-1. (mV of proton electrochemical gradient)-1 for each nmol of
      palmitate bound. No difference could be detected between the abilities of liver
      and brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria to bind fatty acids. Purine nucleotides did
      not displace farry acids from the brown-adipase-tissue mitochondria. The
      endogenous fatty acid content of hamster brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria
      prepared in the absence of album was found to be equivalent to 17 +/-  7 nmol of
      palmitate/mg protein. The fatty acid content was reduced to 1 nmol/mg after
      preincubation of the mitochondria with CoA, ATP and carnitine. No inert pool of
      fatty acids could be detected. The endogenous fatty acids of hamster liver
      mitochondria were less than 4 nmol of palmitate equivalent/mg protein. Some of
      the fatty acid associated with the brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria originates
      during preparation of the mitochondria. In the light of these results, the
      physiological role of the fatty acids in controlling the proton conductance of
      the brown-adipose-tissue mitochondrial inner membrane, and hence- non-shivering
      thermogenesis, is re-evaluated.

PMID- 964257
TI  - Messenger RNA translation in the presence of homologous and heterologous tRNA.
AB  - The effect of tRNA distribution in the cell on the rate of specific protein
      synthesis has been investigated. A tRNA-dependent cell-free protein-synthesizing
      system derived from Krebs-II ascites cells has been worked out. In this system it
      is possible to synthesize specific proteins (egg-white proteins or globin) by the
      translation of oviduct or reticulocyte messenger RNA in the presence of tRNA from
      homologous or heterologous tissues. The rate of translation of a give messenger
      RNA is optimal in the presence of tRNA from the homologous tissue. The lower
      level of protein synthesis obtained with an excess of heterologous tRNA can be
      overcome by adding the homologous tRNA. Nevertheless homologous isoaccepting
      species partly purified by a reversed-phase chromatography or a benzoylated DEAE
      cellulose column cannot fully restore the optimal synthesis, eliminating the
      hypothesis according to which a particular tRNA species is involved in this
      phenomenon. The correct distribution of tRNA is necessary for optimal translation
      of a messenger RNA.

PMID- 964258
TI  - Isolation and chracterization of rat-lens messenger RNAs. Comparison of lens
      proteins, synthesized in lens culture and in homologous and heterologous cell
      free systems.
AB  - Messenger RNA has been isolated from rat lens tissue. The mRNA species which
      codes for the A2 chain of alpha-crystallin, revealed the same extremely high
      sedimentation value (14S) as the corresponding messenger from calf lens. However,
      it has been shown that in rat lens the 14-S messenger preparation directs the
      synthesis of an additional alpha-crystallin chain, designated as alpha-X with an
      approximate molecular weight of 24000. For comparative purpose crystallin
      synthesis has also been studied as well in cultured rat lens cells as in the rat
      lens cell-free system.

PMID- 964259
TI  - Identification of a membrane protein involved in mitochondrial phosphate
      transport.
AB  - A specific labeling by radioactive N-ethylmaleimide of a protein involved in
      phosphate transport was obtained by protecting one of the two-SH-groups of the
      transport system with low concentrations of mersalyl. Subsequently, the other
      free-SH groups were blocked with excess N-ethylmaleimide. Removal of mersalyl by
      cysteine and subsequent inbucation with labeled N-ethylmaleimide results in a
      "specific" binding of N-ethylmaleimide to one-SH group functionally involved in
      phosphate transport. The isolated inner membrane fraction of the labeled
      mitochondria was subjected to dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. The followin
      results were obtained. 1. The difference of the radioactivity pattern on the
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel of inner membrane proteins, labeled with N
      [14C]ethylmaleimide in the absence and with N-[3H-A1-ethylmaleimide in the
      presence of mersalyl during preincubation of mitochondria, shows only one main
      labeled peak. The same labeled peak is obtained from the difference of labeling
      after preincubation with a constant low concentration of mersalyl at 32 degrees C
      and at 0 degrees C. 2. The position of the labeled peak on the dodecylsulfate
      polyacrylamide gel corresponds to a protein of molecular weight of 26500 +/- 800.
      3. The amount of one of the two-SH groups, involved in phosphate transport, was
      estimated to be 30 nmol per g of mitochondrial protein.

PMID- 964260
TI  - Light-induced increase in the activity of maize plastid DNA-dependent RNA
      polymerase.
AB  - Illumination of dark-grown maize plants induces a rapid rise in DNA-DEPENDENT RNA
      polymerase activity in plastids. Within 16 h illumination the enzyme activity is
      isolated plastids increases 3-4 fold as compared to other dark-grown plants
      illuminated for only 2 h. This change in activity is unaccompanied by either a
      quantitative rise in the amount of chloroplast RNA polymerase or qualitative
      changes in the purified enzyme. It is suggested that other factors may be present
      which interact either with the enzyme or the DNA template and that these factors
      are responsible for the light-induced enhancement of the RNA polymerase activity
      inplastids.

PMID- 964261
TI  - Isopycnic centrifugation of thyroid iodoproteins: selectivity of endocytosis.
AB  - Isopycnic centrifugation in RbCl was shown to be an effective method both for
      evaluating the iodine content of thyroglobulin labelled in vivo and for the
      fractionation of thyroglobulin molecules as a function of their iodine content.
      Iodination and degradation of thyroid iodoproteins were studied by this method
      and by zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. Based on these methods
      it was shown that iodination in vivo is a selective process, 19-S and poorly
      iodinated thyroglobulin having a higher reactivity toward iodine than 27-S and
      iodine-rich thyroglobulin. The disappearance of iodoproteins from the thyroid was
      evaluated by equilibrium, labelling the iodoproteins, blocking iodine
      incorporation with thiourea derivatives and observing (by sucrose gradient and by
      RbCl isopycnic centrifugation) at different times the properties of the remaining
      molecules. Among molecules of different size (19-S and 27-S) and among molecules
      of the same size (19 S) but different iodine content it was shown that
      reabsorption from the thyroid gland occurred at the same rate. It was concluded,
      therefore, that the degradative pathway is essentially a random, non-selective
      process. Newly iodinated (pulse-labelled) iodoproteins were degraded faster than
      preexisting molecules. Among the pool of those newly iodinated thyroid proteins,
      27-S molecules were reabsorbed faster than 19-S molecules and iodine-rich
      thyroglobulin molecules were reabsorbed faster than the iodine-poor ones. Since
      iodination in vivo occurs as repeated pulses of iodine incorporation, it is
      suggested that this latter phenomenon is a regulatory mechanism which minimizes
      degradation of molecules which are iodine-poor and have a lower hormonal content.

PMID- 964262
TI  - Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. Purification,
      chemical composition, and partial sequences of the structural proteins.
AB  - The four structural proteins of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2 have been
      purified by dissociation of the virus in the presence of acetic acid followed by
      a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography in the presence
      of sodium dodecylsulfate and guanidine hydrochloride. Amino acid analyses of each
      of the proteins were performed and correlated with the properties and functions
      of the proteins. Protein I has the highest polarity and is the only water-soluble
      protein. Protein II has a rather high polarity and hydrophobicity index and
      probably interacts electrostatically and hydrophobically with the bilayer.
      Proteins III and IV have low polarities and possess the solubility properties of
      proteolipids. At least protein III and perhaps also protein IV may interact with
      the bilayer. No fatty acids are covalently linked to these proteins. Tryptic
      fingerprints showed that proteins I and II contain a high proportion of
      hydrophobic peptides, but especially protein I also contains a large number of
      hydrophilic peptides. Proteins III and IV have relatively few hydrophobic
      peptides despite their relatively high hydrophobicity. Protein IV has two
      distinct regions, as shown by partial sequence studies. Basic amino acids at the
      N-terminus would serve for interaction with the viral DNA, the following
      hydrophobic sequence might interact with protein III or with the bilayer.

PMID- 964263
TI  - Matrix-bound phosphoglucose isomerase. Formation and properties of monomers and
      hybrids.
AB  - Dimeric phosphoglucose isomerase from rabbit muscle was immobilized by reaction
      with cyanogen-bromide-activated Sephrose 4B. The catalytic parameters and
      stability properties of the free and matrix-bound isomerases were essentially
      identical. Total monomerisation of the matrix-bound enzyme was achieved with 8 M
      urea as determined by a study in which one subunit was labelled with
      iodo[14C]acetate and the other with the 3H-labelled reagent. Although matrix
      bound monomers were devoid of isomerase activity, they were still capable of
      binding the substrate. Matrix-bound monomers exhibited the ability to redimerize
      with soluble isomerase subunits from either rabbit or human yielding
      catalytically active dimers. Yeast isomerase monomers, in contrast, did not yield
      active hybrids with the rabbit monomers. Furthermore, soluble subunits, which had
      been inactivated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were also capable of hybridizing
      with and inducing catalytic activity in the matrix-bound monomers. These studies
      indicate the prerequisite of dimer formation for catalytic activity but the
      independent action of the catalytic centers of the dimer.

PMID- 964264
TI  - A structural study on a macro-glycolipid containing 22 sugars isolated from human
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 964265
TI  - Effects of prolactin and progesterone on expression of casein genes. Titration of
      casein mRNA by hybridization with complementary DNA.
AB  - Prolactin injected into pseudopregnant rabbits induced lactogenesis. Progesterone
      injected simultaneously considerably reduced this effect. The content of mRNA for
      casein in total cellular RNA and in total polysomal RNA was estimated during
      these two hormonal actions using a hybridization technique. The synthesis of DNA
      complementary to casein mRNA was carried out with mRNA obtained from polysomes
      immunoprecipitated with anti-casein antibody. The content of casein mRNA was
      determined by hybridization of this cDNA with the RNA fractions. This technique
      revealed that prolactin induced the synthesis of mRNA for casein whereas
      progresterone greatly limited this effect of prolactin. These variations of
      casein mRNA content are in good agreement with values previously determined by
      translation and with the ability of mammary gland to synthesize casein.

PMID- 964266
TI  - Formation of extracellular protein A by Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus contains cell wall protein A as well as extracellular
      protein A. The two types of protein A have very similar amino acid compositions,
      electrophoretic mobilities and sizes. The release of extracellular protein A from
      exponentially growing bacteria is dependent on protein synthesis de novo and
      protein A is released directly after being synthesized on the ribosomes. Bacteria
      in the stationary phase, however, release protein A as a result of cell lysis.
      Protoplasts have been isolated which produce protein A as extensively as the
      intact bacteria but because of the absence of of the formation of extracellular
      protein A is observed from cells also producing cell wall protein A.

PMID- 964267
TI  - Analysis of proteins synthesized in mitochondria of cultured mammalian cells. An
      assessment of current approaches and problems in interpretation.
AB  - 1. The conditions which enable highly efficient utilization of [35S]methionine by
      cultured mammalian cells and the resolution of selectively labelled mitochondrial
      products are described. 2. Analysis of mitochondria purified from cells labelled
      in the presence or absence of inhibitors of cytoplasmic (or mitochondrial)
      protein synthesis indicated that about 5% of the [35S]methionine incorporated
      into mitochondrial proteins results from synthesis on mitoribosomes. 3. The
      electrophoretic profile of the detergent-solubilized proteins of mitochondrial
      isolated from cells which were labelled in the presence of 50 mug/ml emetine was
      similar to those obtained with extracts prepared by direct solbuilization of the
      intact cells after incorporation of label. 4. Pulse-labelling studies suggested
      that the components resolved by electrophoresis and autoradiography under the
      conditions described, apparently represent discrete and stable end products
      radiography under the conditions described, apparently represent discrete and
      stable end products of mitochondrial protein synthesis. No post-synthetic
      modification or degradation of these products was detected. 5. Erythromycin was
      found to suppress the synthesis of additional labelled products which were
      detected in extracts of one cell line, when analysed by procedures which normally
      detected only mitochondrially synthesized proteins. These additional bands were
      attributed to the synthetic activity of Mycoplasma.

PMID- 964268
TI  - Kinetic studies of the reactivity of the sulfhydryl groups of glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The reaction of sulfhydryl groups of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      from rabbit and pig muscles with a large molar excess of 5,5'-dithiobis(2
      nitrobenzoate) (Nbs2) shows three-phasic pseudo-first-order kinetics. Since the
      fastest reaction between active cysteine-149 and Nbs2 is apparently biphasic,
      half-of-the-sites reactivity towards Nbs2 is suggested. Further sulfhydryl groups
      become reactive as an effect of conformational changes in the protein molecule
      after formation of a mixed disulfide on cysteine-149. In the presence of 40 mM
      borate the reaction is biphasic only, and two sulfhydryl groups per subunit react
      very quickly. The bound NAD+ is only partially released even after a long
      reaction with Nbs2. It was demonstrated that the two NAD+ binding sites with the
      highest dissociation constants have no significant effect on the reaction between
      cysteine-149 and Nbs2.

PMID- 964269
TI  - Diffusion of dextran in concentrated solutions.
AB  - A free-diffusion method has been developed for the determination of the
      intradiffusion coefficient ('self-diffusion coefficient') of a polymer in highly
      concentrated solutions. A fraction of the polymer is labelled with a small amount
      of light-absorbing substituent. The diffusion of this labelled species, present
      in low concentration, is followed in the presence of a high concentration of
      unlabelled material with the aid of absorption optics in the analytical
      ultracentrifuge. The diffusion proceeds over a boundary at which the difference
      in concentration of unlabelled material is varied. The average concentration of
      total polymer and the concentration of the labelled material are, however,
      constant. From theoretical considerations it is shown that by extrapolation of
      the diffusion coefficient so obtained to zero concentration difference of total
      material, the intradiffusion coefficient of the polymer at that concentration is
      obtained. The procedure also permits the ordinary translational diffusion
      coefficient to be estimated. The method has been applied to two dextran fractions
      with weight-average molecular weights of 19000 and 150000, which were labelled
      with fluorescein groups. As expected, the intradiffusion coefficient decreases
      with increasing polymer concentration, the decrease being more pronounced for the
      high-molecular-weight material. This decrease in the diffusion rate of dextran
      is, however, less than the corresponding decrease in the sedimentation rate which
      proteins with similar hydrodynamic parameters experience in dextran solutions.
      This agrees with the hypothesis that flexible linear polymers move through a
      network as chains rather than as hydrodynamic spheres. By combining measurements
      of the ordinary diffusion coefficient and the intradiffusion coefficient, it is
      possible to calculate the thermodynamic properties (as expressed by the virial
      expansion) of the system. This method is of particular importance in studies on
      concentrated solutions of high-molecular-weight polymers.

PMID- 964270
TI  - Respiratory failure and cardiac disturbances in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary abnormalities are frequently encountered in myotonic dystrophy.
      We present five patients with myotonic dystrophy who entered the intensive care
      unit in acute respiratory failure. The possible etiologic factors of pulmonary
      complications are reviewed. The most important is probably aspiration pneumonia.
      The difficulties in the treatment of the respiratory failure are emphasezed.
      Myotonia of the chest muscles and diaphragm make artificial ventilation
      difficult. Recovery is delayed chiefly by swallowing disturbances. General
      anaesthesia is hazardous. Four patients presented cardiac arrhythmias and/or
      conduction abnormalities which were transient.

PMID- 964271
TI  - A nomogram to obtain pulmonary shuntflow (Qs/Qt).
AB  - A nomogram to simplify the determination of pulmonary shunt is presented. It is
      based on Leigh's et al. shunt-equation (1969). The nomogram aggregates the
      factors which contribute most to the pulmonary shunt in acute respiratory
      failure. Arterial and venous oxygen saturation, Hb content, arterial oxygen
      tension and barometric pressure do influence strongly the result of calculated
      shuntflow. For the factors with little importance in the calculation (vapor
      pressure, mixed venous oxygen tension, alveolar-CO2 tension), international mean
      values are used. The shunt determined with the nomogram deviates less than 1%
      from the calculated values, if the range of PCO2 is between 32 and 52 mm Hg and
      the error does not exceed 1,5% with a PCO2 up to 82 mm Hg unless it is combined
      with a very low Hb and a high mixed venous saturation. By the nomogram the effect
      of the different parameters on the shunt can be very well illustrated. Especially
      mistakes in determination of the mixed venous saturation and of arterial O2
      tension result in errors. Too high saturation values in mixed venous blood occur
      in distally located catheters due to pulmonary capillary admixtures. This
      contamination can be easily detected if the relationship between PVO2 and PACO2
      is examined. The other source of error lies in the technical problems of PO2
      determination in high ranges and is caused by escape of O2 into the PO2-electrode
      and O2-consumption of the blood. The end effect which the factors of O2 escape
      have on the accuracy of PO2 determination in high ranges is demonstrated with
      blood samples which have been equilibrated with different gas mixtures at
      different temperatures and had their PO2 measured at regular intervals. The error
      in PaO2 measurement can be reduced if blood-gas analyses are performed
      immediately or on cooled samples.

PMID- 964272
TI  - Side effects of doxapram infusion.
AB  - Four cases are reported where patients reacted with severe restlessness, violence
      or hallucinations at low doses of doxapram infusion. A possible association with
      hepatic dysfunction is discussed. These reactions persisted long after the
      cessation of doxapram infusion and the various treatments used are described.

PMID- 964273
TI  - The use of tombramycin in the management of severe infections. Clinical and
      pharmacological data.
AB  - Tobramycin was used in the treatment of 35 severe infections. Its clinical
      effectiveness was confirmed in broncho-pulmonary infections without septicemia
      and in septicemia without lung involvement. Poor results were obtained in
      septicemia where the initial site 9 infection was in the lungs. This antibiotic
      appeared as a very good antistaphylococcal agent. In vitro superiority over
      gentamicin against Pseudomonas was not be confirmed clinically. Tobramycin
      deserves to be administered initially in serious infections because of the
      possibility that the causative organism might be a gentamicin-resistant,
      tobramycin susceptible strain. Three such cases were observed in our 35 patients.
      This susceptibility dissociation in favor of tobramycin was demonstrated in two
      strains of Klebsiella and one strain of Enterobacter. A dosage regimen in
      patients with impaired renal function is proposed. It requires confirmation.

PMID- 964274
TI  - Special education research: retrospect and prospect.

PMID- 964275
TI  - Development and evaluation of a resource teacher program.

PMID- 964276
TI  - Results of a competency based teacher training program.

PMID- 964277
TI  - Retrograde atrial preexcitation following premature ventricular beats during
      reciprocating tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - In 34 successive patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome premature beats
      were induced from the right ventricular apex during reciprocating tachycardia
      (RT) at progressively shorter coupling intervals. The presence of an accessory
      pathway was confirmed by a reduction in the atrial cycle length (A-A interval)
      during which the premature ventricular beat was introduced. This retrograde
      preexcitation occurred at a time when the His-AV node pathway was refractory;
      i.e. there was premature activation of the atria over a pathway other than the
      His-AV node. 3 patients were excluded because of unsatisfactory or unstable H-H
      intervals. In the remaining 31 patients with constant preceding H-H intervals,
      the A-A interval shortened; (a) 35-65 msec in 4 patients with right-sided
      pathways and normal conduction during RT and by 110 msec in a 5th patient with a
      right-sided pathway, in whom bundle branch block aberration persisted during RT,
      (b) 45 msec in the single patient with both a right-sided and a septal accessory
      pathway, (c) 35-65 msec in 5 patients with septal pathways, and (d) 15-35 msec in
      only 4/20 patients with left-sided pathways and normal conduction during RT. Left
      sided ventricular premature beats were introduced in 5 patients with left-sided
      pathways and normal conduction in RT. In 4/5, left-sided premature beats
      shortened the A-A interval 40-75 msec whereas right-sided premature beats at the
      same coupling interval failed to do so. In the fifth case, the left-sided
      premature resulted in a 65 msec abbreviation of the A-A interval compared to 30
      msec from the right ventricular outflow tract and 15 msec from the right
      ventricular apex. In 5 patients with left-sided pathways, right ventricular
      premature beats were introduced during RT with left bundle branch block
      aberration, and shortened the A-A interval 30-50 msec in all of these, whereas
      right-sided premature beats in 4 of the 5 during normal conduction failed to do
      so. This technique is useful to confirm the participation of accessory pathways
      in reciprocating tachycardias associated with the preexcitation syndromes, and
      emphasizes the importance of the site of stimulation used relative to the
      location of the accessory pathway. Because of the possibility of multiple
      accessory pathways, stimulation of the left ventricle should be performed in
      patients undergoing surgery for preexcitation unless the left ventricle is
      already inplicated by right-sided studies.

PMID- 964278
TI  - The retrograde His bundle deflection: its recognition and value in the analysis
      of tachyarrhythmias induced by stimulation on the T wave.
AB  - Interpretation of deflections presumably retrograde His bundle in origin has to
      be performed in context considering the coexisting changes in simultaneously
      recorded intracardiac and surface leads. His bundle electrocardiography thus
      conceived is helpful in the analysis of the runs of ectopic beats elicited by
      premature ventricular stimulation during the antecedent T wave in patients
      without coronary artery or primary myocardial disease. Identification of AV nodal
      echoes within the paroxysms as well as the subsequent runs of reciprocating
      tachycardias, was possible in patients with and without preexcitation, although a
      thorough study of these cases also requires recording of coronary sinus and low
      lateral right atrial electrograms. The behavior of the retrograde H deflection in
      respect to the first extra beat following the premature QRS complex helped in
      excluding bundle branch reentry. The latter is improbable in patients with
      'complete' bundle branch block pattern, if extra beats show a contralateral
      bundle branch morphology. However, in absence of bundle branch block, retrograde
      H deflections were not helpful in elucidating the mechanisms of pacemaker-induced
      intraventricular (bundle branch, fasicular or vulnerability-related) reentry.

PMID- 964279
TI  - A study of the acute electrophysiological and cardiovascular action of
      disopyramide in man.
AB  - The acute electrophysiological and hemodynamic effects of intravenous
      disopyramide (1.5 mg/kg body weight) were studied in 12 patients with suspected
      coronary artery disease. Plasma levels of disopyramide were monitored.
      Disopyramide delayed conduction within the His-Purkinje system and increased the
      effective refractory period of the atrium. Conduction within the AV node and its
      refractory period, however, was not significantly altered by the drug. The
      corrected Q-T interval was significantly increased. Disopyramide increased
      systemic arterial pressure and slightly raised the left ventricular end diastolic
      pressure. Heart rate, cardiac and stroke index were unaltered. Peak mean levels
      of disopyramide were reached 5 minutes after the injection of the drug.

PMID- 964280
TI  - A new approach to simultaneous multiple unipolar and bipolar esophageal
      electrocardiograms, and the findings in normal sinus rhythm.
AB  - A multielectrode catheter for esophageal electrocardiography, using the cardia as
      point of fixation and reference, was tested in 10 normal adults. The ECG
      configurations derived from simultaneous multiple unipolar and bipolar leads in
      normal sinus rhythm are delineated. The bipolar recordings are particularly
      informative as they demonstrate the separate depolarization of each atrium, the
      distribution of atrial potentials in the sagittal plane with an obligatory shift
      in polarity at the midatrial level, and the pattern of left atrial
      depolarization. No previous report seems to have compiled these distinctive
      features.

PMID- 964281
TI  - Prinzmetal's variant angina: clinical, angiographic and pathologic correlations
      in two typical cases.
AB  - ECG and cinecoronary angiography of two patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina
      are reported. A pathologic study was performed on both. In one case, a transient
      luminal obstruction of the left circumflex coronary artery became apparent during
      selective coronary arteriography. Histologic examination of the corresponding
      coronary segment revealed a severe concentric atherosclerotic process with a
      normal-sized muscular layer, so that the angiographic transient occlusion might
      be attributed to an arterial spasm. In the second case no angiographic narrowings
      were demonstrated by cinecoronary angiography. Nevertheless, histologic
      examination revealed significant obstructive atherosclerotic narrowing in some
      coronary segments. It is suggested that atherosclerotic disease may be present
      also in cases with variant angina who have apparently normal coronary angiograms.

PMID- 964282
TI  - The grip test: a simple method for the assessment of left ventricular
      performance.
AB  - 37 patients with mixed cardiac pathologies were subjected to isometric exercise
      (hand grip) during routine cardiac catheterization. On the basis of a simple and
      safe grip test it was possible to distinguish three groups of patients according
      to the left ventricular pressure at rest and its response to this test. Group 1
      consisted of 14 patients with left ventricular end diastolic pressures remaining
      below 12 mm Hg both at rest and on exercise. These patients were considered to
      have normal left ventricular function some, even in the presence of organic heart
      disease. No deaths occurred in this group during the follow-up period which
      averaged 33.8 months. At the other extreme (Group 3) there were 12 obviously
      disabled patients with resting left ventricular filling pressures above 12 mm Hg
      rising further under isometric stress. Six of these patients (50%) died during
      the period of the study. (Average follow-up 21.4 months). By the application of
      the hand grip test, an intermediate population (Group 2) of 11 patients was
      discernible. These patients were able to maintain a normal cardiac reserve at
      rest (LVEDP less than 12 mm Hg) but not during isometric effort (LVEDP greater
      than 12 mm Hg). Two of these patients (18%) died during the follow up period
      (average 22.1 months). Assuming a pathological progression with time from groups
      1-3 and in view of the different prognoses observed in the course of the long
      term follow-up it would appear that the Group 2 patients should be considered
      more critically and offered more active management.

PMID- 964283
TI  - Familial prevalence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy.
AB  - Echocardiography was used to detect the familial prevalence of asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy in relatives of patients with proven idiopathic hypertrophic
      subaortic stenosis. Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis is only one
      clinical expression of a cardiomyopathic disease spectrum, including asymptomatic
      patients having asymmetric septal hypertrophy as a characteristic anatomic marker
      which can be detected by echo. The validity of previous proposed criteria to
      detect this marker was checked in our population. Therefore we examined normal
      subjects, patients with fixed left ventricular outflow obstruction (valvular
      aortic stenosis), and those with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis who
      served as index cases. A septal thickness exceeding that of the free left
      ventricular posterior wall by 30% separates patients with a cardiomyopathy from
      those without this disease. 27 of 73 examined relatives of 14 index cases were
      found to have asymmetric septal hypertrophy. In those instances where information
      was available from the parents of the index cases, one parent was found to be
      affected. When the examined group is considered from a parent-child relationship
      (including the index case when appropriate), it included 78 children of affected
      single parents of which 20 males and 19 females had asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy. The history, clinical examination and electrocardiogram were not
      useful to detect the disease. The results suggest an autosomal dominant mode of
      inheritance of asymmetric septal hypertrophy with a high penetrance.

PMID- 964284
TI  - Effect of transducer placement on echocardiographic mitral valve systolic motion.
AB  - The influence of transducer position and angulation upon the mitral systolic echo
      was studied in 100 presumably healthy females. Echocardiographic studies were
      performed from the second, third, fourth and fifth intercostal spaces (ICS). The
      role of the sound beam's path relative to cardiac motion was assessed by
      analyzing the recorded mitral valve pattern as a function of transducer
      orientation, independent of the absolute ICS used. With the transducer directed
      caudally when both mitral leaflets and left atrium were recorded, holosystolic or
      midsystolic posterior motion of the mitral valve leaflet echo was seen in 59% of
      the subjects. These patterns, recorded this way, were not related to
      phonocardiographic signs suggesting mitral valve prolapse. Best correlation with
      phonocardiographic findings was obtained when the echocardiographic examination
      was performed with the transducer either perpendicular to the chest in the
      sagittal plane, or pointing slightly cephalad ('perpendicular' position). With
      the transducer in 'perpendicular' position, both holosystolic and midsystolic
      posterior motion of the mitral systolic echo, deviating more than 2 mm from a
      line joining the C and D points, were highly related statistically to
      phonocardiographic findings suggesting mitral valve prolapse. This study
      demonstrates that transducer position and angulation on the chest wall are
      important determinants of echocardiographic appearance of mitral valve during
      systole. Only the 'perpendicular' transducer position should be used when
      analyzing echocardiograms for the presence of mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 964285
TI  - Exercise performance in children and adolescents after surgical repair of
      tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary function studies at rest and during submaximal and maximal
      exercise were performed in 21 children and adolescents who had undergone surgical
      correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Maximal oxygen uptake of the patients was
      84.6% of healthy peers matched for age and height. The reduced aerobic capacity
      can mainly be attributed to a reduction in stroke volume. In the presence of a
      reduced stroke volume normal cardiac output during submaximal exercise was
      achieved and maintained by an increase in heart rate. During maximal exercise,
      however, the heart rate did not exceed that of the healthy controls and the
      results for the children in this series are about 20% higher than those reported
      in the literature for adults who had undergone surgical repair of a tetralogy.
      Persistent impairment of cardiac function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot
      who have undergone corrective surgery may represent a residual outflow tract
      obstruction in the right ventricle, impaired function of the left ventricle or
      the result of restricted physical activity.

PMID- 964286
TI  - On the clinical value of mechanocardiography.

PMID- 964287
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of diazepam in disordered liver function.
AB  - The plasma elimination curves of diazepam following intravenous administration of
      10 mg were studied in nine patients with cirrhosis of the liver and four patients
      without liver disease. The data were analyzed according to a two compartment
      model. The mean biological half-life (T/2) of diazepam was increased five-fold in
      patients with cirrhosis compared to the controls (164 hours vs. 32.1 hours). The
      plasma clearance of diazepam could be correlated neither with a quantitative
      measure of liver function, as estimated by galactose elimination capacity, nor to
      semiquantitative measures of liver function, such as serum albumin and
      prothrombin. It is suggested that the plasma clearance of diazepam is an
      inaccurate index of its rate of hepatic metabolism due to the complex kinetics of
      the drug.

PMID- 964288
TI  - Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of diazepam after single and subchronic doses.
AB  - In seven healthy male volunteers the effects of the pattern of dosing on the
      pharmacokinetics of diazepam have been studied. A cross-over design was employed
      that consisted of three parts: a single intravenous dose (0.1 mg/kg), and oral
      dosing (10 mg/day) for six days followed by an intravenous bolus (0.1 mg/kg) on
      the seventh day, followed by re-examination of a single intravenous dose after
      diazepam (D) and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam (DD) had been completely
      eliminated. Plasma levels of D and DD were monitored by a specific, sensitive GLC
      method. In younger patients (n = 5, age 29 - 35 years) the elimination half-life,
      T1/2(beta), of D was 33.9 +/- 10.6 h (mean +/- S.D.) after the single dose. The
      control study gave an almost identical result (35.7 +/- 12.1). After subchronic
      dosage in all patients T1/2(beta) showed a modest but significant prolongation
      (paired t-test p less than 0.01) to 52.9 +/- 17.4 h. It was caused by a
      significant decrease (p = 0.016) in total plasma clearance (Cl), from 26.0 +/-
      10.8 ml/min. Older patients (age 43-60 years) showed the same phenomenon.
      Blood/plasma ratios remained constant indicating no change in protein binding.
      Biliary excretion of D was measured in five patients with a T-tube. Only
      negligible amounts (0.3 - 0.4%) of administered D were excreted within 3 days
      after subchronic dosage, which demonstrates a lack of enterohepatic cycling of D.
      After multiple administration of D, there was accumulation of DD to levels
      approximately five times higher than after a single dose. The possibility that
      the slower elimination of D after subchronic treatment might be caused by DD was
      also supported by experiments in dogs and rabbits. After pretreating rabbits with
      DD and maintaining a high DD plasma level, there was prolongation of T1/2(beta)
      from 2.7 h to 5.2 h, with a corresponding decrease of Cl from 101.6 ml/min to
      23.4 ml/min. Similar results were obtained in dogs. It is concluded that the
      disposition of D is altered by subchronic use and may be regulated by the plasma
      DD concentration.

PMID- 964289
TI  - Coumarin-7-hydroxylase activity in microsomes from needle biopsies of normal and
      diseased human liver.
AB  - The specific activity of coumarin-7-hydroxylase was measured in liver microsomes
      from normal subjects and patients with liver disease. Liver specimens were
      obtained by needle biopsy and the microsomal fraction was separated by
      differential centrifugation. Its freedom from mitochondria was demonstrated by
      the absence of succinic dehydrogenase, a marker enzyme for mitochondria. Liver
      from healthy subjects showed variation in the specific activity of coumarin-7
      hydroxylase from 0.16 to 0.65 nmol-mg-1-min-1, which is probably due to genetic
      factors. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver, chronic fatty hepatitis (chronic
      alcoholic hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis showed a significantly lower
      mean hydroxylase activity. There was no significant difference in the mean level
      of hydroxylase between patients with subacute viral hepatitis or chronic
      persistent hepatitis and the normal controls.

PMID- 964290
TI  - Binding of four sulphonamides to human albumin.
AB  - The four sulphonamides studied--furosemide, tolbutamide, sulfafurazole and
      sulfonamidochlorobenzoic acid--bind to human albumin at the same sites but with
      decreasing affinity. These sites are also common to other drugs, namely
      acenocoumarin, chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, phenylbutazone and warfarin. In
      plasma, the four sulphonamides considered bind mainly to albumin, but also, at
      higher concentrations, to globulins, to an extent that increases as their
      affinity for albumin lessens.

PMID- 964291
TI  - Does chenodesoxycholic acid have a lipid lowering effect in primary
      hyperlipoproteinemia?

PMID- 964292
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprenolol in the treatment of
      hypertension. II. Relationship to its effect on blood pressure and plasma renin
      activity.
AB  - The kinetics of alprenolol, in relation to its effect on blood pressure and
      plasma renin activity, have been studied in sixteen patients. A within-patient
      comparison was made between therapy for six weeks with placebo or alpronolol 200
      mg thrice daily. Thirteen patients responded to alprenolol by a signoficant fall
      in blood pressure. In three other patients treatment did not lower blood
      pressure. In the group as a whole there was no significant correlation between
      the fall in systolic, diastolic or mean blood pressure, and the steady-state
      plasma alprenolol concentration, renin status, or degree of beta blockade.
      However, the thirteen responsive patients showed a significant relationship (p
      less than 0.05 - 0.001) between the log mean steady-state plasma alprenolol
      concentration and the hypotensive response.

PMID- 964293
TI  - Serum digoxin levels in patients of a general practice in Germany.
AB  - Serum digoxin levels were determined in 33 outpatients of a general practice in
      the countryside, on three occasions at intervals of 8 weeks. All the patients
      were on long term digoxin treatment, about 2 years on average. About 14 days
      after the first and the second visits the results of the measurements were sent
      to the patients, with a comment about their reliability in taking treatment
      according to the serum digoxin level. At the first visit half of the serum
      digoxin level were lower than 0.5 ng/ml; the mean serum concentration was 0.52
      ng/ml. There was no correlation between serum concentration and age, dose or
      creatinine level; but there was with replies to the question about regularity of
      drug intake. The mean serum level at the second and the third visits was 0.88
      ng/ml and 0.89 ng/ml, respectively. A correlation was found between the dose and
      the serum digoxin level. From these results it seems that compliance by the
      patient plays a major role in producing steady state levels of drugs.

PMID- 964294
TI  - Studies on the lymphocytes of sheep. I. Recirculation of lymphocytes through
      peripheral lymph nodes and tissues.
AB  - Recirculating lymphocytes were collected from the efferent ducts of peripheral
      somatic nodes and incubated in vitro with 51Cr. After washing, the labeled cells
      were returned to the sheep by i.v. injection. The partitioning of the labeled
      cells between blood and efferent (intermediate) lymph, or between efferent and
      afferent (peripheral) lymph was monitored for the next 24 h by assaying the
      radioactivity in appropriate samples of cells. The labeled lymphocytes took
      several hours to migrate through the nodes so that they equilibrated between
      blood and lymph in about 10 h. This pattern was not altered grossly during the
      inductive phase of an immune response. The small numbers of lymphocytes which
      migrated through peripheral tissues entered the lymph at least quickly as those
      that migrated through lymph nodes.

PMID- 964295
TI  - Suppressor cells in rabbit peripheral blood.
AB  - Rabbit peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) added to cultures of autologous spleen
      cells, primed in vivo to sheep red cells, are able to suppress with high efficacy
      the secondary in vitro response of the spleen cells to that antigen. Removal of
      nylon wool adherent cells from PBL abolishes the suppressive effect. When the PBL
      are fractionated by velocity sedimentation the suppressor cells can be separated
      from the responding cells. The circulating lymphocytes, freed from the inhibiting
      effect, either by nylon wool absorption or by velocity sedimentation
      fractionation, are able to give a strong secondary in vitro anti-SRC response, in
      which the long latency period, usually observed when PBL are stimulated with
      antigen in culture, is abolished or at least reduced. The suppressor effect
      present in the PBL is not due to granulocytes, platelets or erythrocytes.

PMID- 964296
TI  - Ontogeny of adherent cells. I. Distribution and ontogeny of A cells participating
      in the response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro.
AB  - An adherent (A) cell function required for the in vitro antibody-forming response
      to sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) antigen has been demonstrated in a culture medium
      enriched with nucleic acid precursors and 2-mercaptoethanol. The essential
      function is fulfilled best by adult adherent cells of the spleen, to some extent
      by bone marrow and perhaps lymph node A cells, and poorly or not at all by
      peritoneal or lung A cells. Ontogenetic studies reveal the absence or inhibition
      of neonatal A cell synergistic function in the in vitro response to SRBC. The
      capacity of splenic adherent cells to collaborate with column-separated
      nonadherent cells appears only from the third or fourth day after birth, with
      ratio indices reaching levels significantly greater than nonsynergistic
      background by the fifth day and showing little further increase until the second
      week of age.

PMID- 964297
TI  - Cell surface immunoglobulin. XV. The presence of IgM and an IgD-like molecule on
      the same cell in murine lymphoid tissue.
AB  - The present studies were designed to determine whether IgM and "IgD" are on the
      same cell in the mouse. Thus, radioiodinated murine lymphocytes were treated with
      anti-mu and complement to kill IgM-bearing cells. The dead cells were removed by
      gradient centrifugation. Results indicate that a portion of the IgD is removed by
      depleting IgM-bearing cells. Using cells from thoracic duct or lymph nodes but
      not spleen, it was evident that some of the double bearers are large lymphocytes.

PMID- 964298
TI  - Concentrations of three hapten-binding immunoglobulins in pooled normal human
      serum.
AB  - The amount of natural anti-DNP-cap, anti-NIP-cap or anti-ABA-TYR in human IgM was
      measured by using immunoabsorbents and hapten elution. We found that 1.0% of
      pooled human IgM is specific for DNP-cap, 0.2% for NIP-cap and 0.02% for ABA-TYR.
      Haptens NIP and DNP were found to be cross-reactive when tested with natural
      antibodies even though they were not cross-reactive when tested with immune
      antibodies.

PMID- 964299
TI  - The effects of dantrolene sodium on cardiac and skeletal muscle in rats.
AB  - Dantrolene sodium in different concentrations was administered to the
      spontaneously beating heart placed in a modified Langendorff apparatus. Heart
      frequency and contractility were recorded. Dantrolene sodium was also
      administered to the rat diaphragm. Twitch tension after indirect supramaximal
      stimulation was recorded. Dantrolene sodium produced a long lasting dose
      dependent reduction of the contractility of the isolated rat heart up to 75% of
      control values. It had no effect on the heart frequency. The drug also decreased
      the force of contraction of the rat skeletal muscle in vitro to the same extent.
      The diaphragm appeared to be more sensitive to low concentrations of dantrolene
      sodium than was heart muscle i.e. the dose-response curve on rat diaphragm was
      flatter. It may be concluded however that higher concentrations of dantrolene
      sodium may effect the contractility of heart muscle as well and that this may
      have clinical implications.

PMID- 964300
TI  - Increase in the coronary vascular resistance by indomethacin in the isolated
      guinea pig heart preparation in the absence of changes in mechanical performance
      and oxygen consumption.
AB  - Experiments were performed in isolated guinea pig hearts, perfused at constant
      volume. Left ventricular pressure, left ventricular dp/dtmax, coronary vascular
      pressure and coronary venous pO2 were measured continuously. Indomethacin (1.4 X
      10(-6) M) increased coronary vascular resistance by 15% over control (p less than
      0.01) without altering the myocardial contractile force. When PGE2 (1.4 X10(-8)
      M) was subsequently added, it abolished the indomethacin action and lowered the
      coronary vascular resistance below the pre-indomethacin control value. This
      increase in coronary vascular resistance caused by indomethacin was also seen
      when the animals were pretreated with reserpine and/or the adrenoceptor blocking
      agents phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, but was prevented completely by previous
      addition of PGE2 (1.4 X 10(-7) M). The results provide evidence for possible
      involvement of endogenous prostaglandin-like substances in the maintenance of
      coronary vascular resistance in the isolated guinea pig heart.

PMID- 964301
TI  - Isoprenaline and canine cardiac refractory periods.
AB  - Atrioventricular refractory periods and their modifications induced by variable
      doses of sioprenaline have been investigated in dogs. Premature atrial stimuli
      (St2) were applied at variable intervals following regular stimuli (St1) which
      ensured atrial pacing. Atrial (AERP), nodoventricular (NERP) and global (GERP)
      effective refractory periods, as well as the global functional refractory period
      (GFRP) were determined before, during and after infusion of the drug. In low
      doses, isoprenaline did not significantly alter these various parameters. This
      confirms its lack of dromotropic effect on the healthy heart. In contrast, high
      doses of the drug significantly reduced the refractory periods, probably by
      simple correction of the negative dromotropic effects resulting from
      overstimulation. Also when the infusion was stopped, marked but reversible
      conduction depression was observed. It would appear that this reflects
      'exhaustion' of cell metabolism induced by the drug.

PMID- 964302
TI  - The effects of amiodarone on the sinus node activity of the rabbit heart.
AB  - The action of amiodarone (1.5 X 10(-5) M) on sinus node activity of spontaneously
      beating isolated right atria of rabbit at 30 degrees C was investigated using a
      microelectrode technique. The drug significantly increased the action potential
      duration and decreased the slope of diastolic depolarization, both effects
      leading to a reduction of the sinus rate. In contrast to beta-blocking agents,
      amiodarone reduced but did not completely abolish the adrenergic effects on the
      sinus node activity. It is concluded that the amiodarone-induced bradycarida
      observed in clinical trials might be due to a direct effect of the drug on the
      sinus node.

PMID- 964303
TI  - Effect of probenecid on endogenous and exogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      and homovanillic acid in the rat brain.
AB  - The two dopamine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and
      homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured in corpus striatum and hippocampus in rats
      after an intracerebroventricular injection of DOPAC or HVA. Probenecid 200 mg/kg
      i.p. increased the concentration of HVA by the same factor in both control
      animals and animals treated with HVA. Probenecid had no effect on the DOPAC
      concentration in control animals or in animals treated with DOPAC. After DOPAC
      intraventricularly some increase in the HVA concentration could be seen.
      Pargyline 75 mg/kg was given i.m. and the decline of HVA and DOPAC in corpus
      striatum was compared in animals with or without probenecid treatment (200 mg/kg
      i.p.). In the control animals DOPAC declined more rapidly than did HVA. In the
      probenecid-treated animals there was no change in the DOPAC curve while the HVA
      showed a slower elimination but still with an exponential curve. The conclusion
      is drawn that there is an active mechanism for the excretion of DOPAC which is
      not identical with the excretion mechanism for HVA. A considerable part of the
      dopamine is directly deaminated to DOPAC in vivo and some of this DOPAC is
      probably O-methylated to HVA.

PMID- 964304
TI  - Uptake and release of catecholamines in sympathetic nerve fibres in the spleen of
      the cod, Gadus morhua.
AB  - The effects of drugs known from mammalian experiments to interfere with uptake
      and release of adrenergic transmitters in the sympathetic nerve terminals have
      been investigated on perfused spleen and isolated spleen strips from the cod.
      Cocaine and desipramine inhibit the accumulation of 3H-noradrenaline in the
      perfused spleen, probably by interfering with uptake mechanisms. Both drugs also
      shift to the left the dose-response curves for noradrenaline and adrenaline on
      isolated strips, cocaine being most potent. The maximal contraction force of
      isolated strips also increases after cocaine when noradrenaline is the agonist,
      but not when methacholine is used or on chronically denervated strips. This
      effect of cocaine is therefore not due to a general postsynaptic effect. Tyramine
      and amphetamine both release stored 3H-noradrenaline from the perfused spleen,
      and tyramine also contracted the spleen strips. In contrast to the situation in
      mammals, the dose-response curve for tyramine is not affected by cocaine, and
      tyramine (up to 10(-3) M) present in the bath does not potentiate the dose
      response curve for noradrenaline on isolated strips. Different uptake mechanisms
      for tyramine and noradrenaline into the nerve terminal are therefore suggested
      for the cod sympathetic fibres. The alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent
      phentolamine produces an increase in overflow of label during nerve stimulation
      at 5Hz in the perfused spleen preloaded with 3H-noradrenaline. An alpha
      adrenoceptor-mediated control of the release of catecholamines, similar to that
      in mammals, appears to be present in the cod.

PMID- 964305
TI  - Uptake and release of catecholamines in sympathetic nerve fibers in the spleen of
      the cod, Gadus morhua.
AB  - The effects of denervation or pretreatment with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine on
      the contractile responses of the cod spleen have been studied. The contraction
      produced by tyramine is abolished by pretreatment with reserpine or 6
      hydroxydopamine and by denervation. The response to tyramine is restored in
      reserpine-treated strips after exposure to noradrenaline, but this is not the
      denervated or 6-hydroxydopamine-treated strips. The response to noradrenaline is
      potentiated by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment or denervation, while neither acute (2
      days) nor chronic (8 days) reserpine treatment have any detectable effect. The
      effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and denervation are probably due to specific
      supersensitivity caused by the loss of the presynaptic uptake mechanisms on
      destruction of the nerve terminals, but contribution by a non-specific
      postsynaptic supersensitivity is not completely excluded. The effect of
      acetylcholine is also significantly potentiated by pretreatment with 6
      hydroxydopamine or denervation, but not by reserpine, while the dose-response
      curve for carbachol is not affected by the specific cholinesterase inhibitor BW
      284 C51, denervation or 6-hydroxydopamine. The degree of potentiation of the
      acetylcholine curve caused by both denervation and 6-hydroxydopamine treatment is
      very similar to that produced by BW 284 C51. It is concluded therefore, that the
      cholinesterase is associated with nerve fibres which are destroyed by denervation
      and 6-hydroxydopamine. Although the cod spleen receives both cholinergic and
      adrenergic sympathetic innervation all responses to nerve stimulation of the
      perfused spleen are abolished after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. The possibility
      is suggested that the sympathetic fibres to the cod spleen represent a primitive
      type of neuron, with both catecholamines and acetylcholine present within the
      same terminals.

PMID- 964306
TI  - Enhancement of stereospecific opiate binding to neural membranes by phosphatidyl
      serine.
AB  - An effort was made to elucidate the possible involvement of phosphatidyl serine
      in the opiate receptor by examining stereospecific 3H-dihydromorphine binding to
      neural membrane preparations in the presence of exogenous phosphatidyl serine.
      The addition of phosphatidyl serine to suspensions of either synaptic membranes
      or a microsomal fraction significantly enhanced both high and lower affinity
      binding, the Kd's being 1.0 X 10(-9) and 5.7 X 10(-9) M without lipid and 5.0 X
      10(-10) and 3.8 X 10(-9) M with added phosphatidyl serine. Phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine and lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine had an inhibitory effect on opiate
      binding. Sulfatides had a slight enhancing effect, while other acidic lipids and
      lecithin were without any effect. With the use of 3H-dansyl phosphatidyl serine
      it was established that sufficient exogenous lipid was associated with the
      membrane to account for the enhancement of opiate binding. The results were
      discussed from the standpoint of the modification of membrane lipids and their
      possible significance for the binding of opiates and other ligands. It is
      suggested that phosphatidyl serine may be an important component of the opiate
      pharmacophore.

PMID- 964307
TI  - Acute effects of morphine on regional brain levels of acetylcholine in mice and
      rats.
AB  - Morphine increased levels of acetylcholine in mouse striatum in a dose-dependent
      manner, the increase occurring at the lowest dose previously found to produce
      analgesia and coinciding with the time of peak analgesic effect. Naloxone blocked
      this increase. After repeated injections of high doses of morphine, no effect was
      seen. The hippocampus was the only other brain region showing an effect, and this
      after a high dose. In the rat, morphine (30 and 90 mg/kg) increased striatal
      acetylcholine levels. At these and lower doses (2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) the
      ratios in the striatum of levels of acetylcholine to levels of dopamine were
      significantly increased. Only at the highest dose did morphine increase the
      levels of dopamine in the striatum and of acetylcholine in the hippocampus.
      Morphine did not change the levels of dopamine in the striatum and of
      acetylcholine in the hippocampus. Morphine did not change the levels of
      norepinephrine in either the hypothalamus or cortex of the rat.

PMID- 964308
TI  - A conditional cell division mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardii having an
      increased level of colchicine resistance.

PMID- 964309
TI  - Effects of trypsin on protein synthesis in macrophages.

PMID- 964310
TI  - Histone acetylation during meiosis in Lilium microsporocytes.

PMID- 964311
TI  - Induction of cell proliferation by a migration factor released from a transformed
      cell line.

PMID- 964312
TI  - DNA replication in synchronized cultured mammalian cells. VI. The temporal
      replication of ribosomal cistrons in synchronized cell lines.

PMID- 964313
TI  - Regulation of cap formation by concanavalin A and differentiation of myeloid
      leukemic cells. Relationship to free and anchored surface receptors.

PMID- 964314
TI  - Further studies on a mutant mammalian cell line defective in mitosis.

PMID- 964315
TI  - Regeneration of plasmalemma and surface properties in macrophages.

PMID- 964316
TI  - Phenylalanine hydroxylation and tyrosine requirement of cultured cells. Evidence
      of phenylalanine hydroxylation in mastocytoma cells in culture.

PMID- 964317
TI  - Differential Giemsa staining in plants. III. DNA base composition.

PMID- 964318
TI  - Absence of metabolic cooperation in PHA-stimulated human lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 964319
TI  - Restriction of CEA synthesis to the stationary phase of growth of cultured human
      colon carcinoma cells.

PMID- 964320
TI  - Interactions between living and zinc-fixed cells in culture.

PMID- 964321
TI  - Parathyroid hormone inhibition of induction of alkaline phosphatase activity by
      hydrocortisone and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine in HeLa cells.

PMID- 964322
TI  - Binding of concanavalin A by normal, herpes virus-transformed, and trypsin
      treated hamster embryo fibroblasts.

PMID- 964323
TI  - Decreased synthesis of nucleolar RNA in aging human cells in vitro.

PMID- 964324
TI  - The interconversion of purine nucleotides during Ilyanassa embryogenesis.

PMID- 964325
TI  - Specific patterns of neuron arrangement and of synaptic articulation in the
      medial geniculate body.
AB  - Golgi and electron microscopic analysis of the known cellular layers in
      concentric shells of the ventro-lateral portion of the medial geniculate body
      revealed a flat grid of high density neuropil filling the space between the
      geniculocortical relay cells, forming essentially a single cell layer in each
      lamina. The "skeleton" of this neuropil grid is made up by the interdigitating
      dendritic tufts of the geniculocortical relay cells, joined together by a rich
      system of desmosomoid adhesion plaques. The "holes" of the "skeleton" are filled
      in by the multilobed dendritic appendages of Golgi type II interneurons and the
      grape-like terminals of the inferior collicular specific afferents. Additional
      axon terminals of other sources--terminals of descending corticogenicular fibers,
      axons of the Golgi type II interneurons and terminals of the initial collaterals
      of the geniculocortical relay cells--contribute only to a very insignificant
      fraction of neuropil volume. The Golgi type II interneurons are oriented in
      perpendicular direction to the cell layers so that they may bridge with their
      dendrites several successive layers. Although the general expression "synaptic
      glomeruli" used in other relay nuclei for this type of specific synaptic
      arrangement is hardly applicable to this grid-like neuropil, the essential
      synaptic articulation pattern of all thalamic relay nuclei is well maintained.
      The specific inferior collicular afferents are presynaptic to both relay cell
      dendrites and to the multilobed dendritic appendages of Golgi type II cells,
      which in turn are presynaptic to the same dendritic regions of the relay cells
      receiving the bulk of the specific afferents.

PMID- 964326
TI  - Types of interneurons and their participation in the neuronal network of the
      medial geniculate body.
AB  - Three different types of interneurons can be separated in the Golgi picture, and
      many of their details can be identified under the electron microscope, in the
      medial geniculate body (MGB) of the cat: (1) typical short axon Golgi II. cells
      of the thalamic type, (2) somewhat larger Golgi type II cells with medium range
      axon, and (3) spidery neurogliform short axon cells. The most distinctive
      features of the two first types (1) and (2) are their irregular drumstick shape
      appendages, increasing in number as well as in length and irregularity of their
      stalks towards the periphery of the dendrites. These appendages form the vast
      majority of synaptic profiles in the aggregations of synaptic neuropil
      (glomeruli) of the nuclei, and they are both presynaptic and postsynaptic by the
      usual standards applied for the evaluation of the polarity of synapses. The
      characteristic beaded dendrites of the (3) neurogliform cell type can be
      recognised particulary easily in the electron microscopic picture. They are both
      presynaptic and postsynaptic in structural polarity. All identified process
      profiles of interneurons contain flattened (F-type) or pleomorphic synaptic
      vesicles. Membrane contacts, in which the interneurons appear to be presynaptic
      are either of the symmetric (Gray type II) or of an intermediate type. The
      membrane contacts of postsynaptic portions of the interneurons are usually of the
      asymmetric type (Gray type I) and the presynaptic profiles contain round (R-type)
      vesicles. The larger one have been shown already earlier to be derived from
      specific sensory (inferior collicular) afferents, while many of the smaller ones
      could be identified in the present study as being derived from cortico-geniculate
      descending pathways, arising from the auditory areas. Some of the synaptic
      contacts of the interneurons are apparently derived from other interneurons, the
      presynaptic profiles being often equivocal or more likely of axonal origin (all
      interneurons have clear axons in the Golgi picture). The occurrence of three
      distinct types of interneurons--probably all of inhibitory nature--the complexity
      in synaptic arrangement, and more particularly in the dendritic linkage of
      numerous synaptic sites does not favour such simple explanations as surround
      inhibition by forward or by backward inhibition, but suggests more sophisticated
      modes of impulse processing in the MGB.

PMID- 964327
TI  - Adapting reflexes controlling the human posture.
AB  - Doubt about the role of stretch reflexes in movement and posture control has
      remained in part because the questions of reflex "usefulness" and the postural
      "set" have not been adequately considered in the design of experimental
      paradigms. The intent of this study was to discover the stabilizing role of
      stretch reflexes acting upon the ankle musculature while human subjects performed
      stance tasks requiring several different postural "sets". Task specific
      differences of reflex function were investigated by experiments in which the role
      of stretch reflexes to stabilize sway doing stance could be altered to be useful,
      of no use, or inappropriate. Because the system has available a number of
      alternate inputs to posture (e.g., vestibular and visual), stretch reflex
      responses were in themselves not necessary to prevent a loss of balance.
      Nevertheless, 5 out of 12 subjects in this study used long-latency (120 msec)
      stretch reflexes to help reduce postural sway. Following an unexpected change in
      the usefulness of stretch reflexes, the 5 subjects progressively altered reflex
      gain during the succeeding 3-5 trials. Adaptive changes in gain were always in
      the sense to reduce sway, and therefore could be attenuating or facilitating the
      reflex response. Comparing subjects using the reflex with those not during so,
      stretch reflex control resulted in less swaying when the task conditions were
      unchanging. However, the 5 subjects using reflex controls oftentimes swayed more
      during the first 3-5 trials after a change, when inappropriate responses were
      elicited. Four patients with clinically diagnosed cerebellar deficits were
      studied briefly. Among the stance tasks, their performance was similar to normal
      in some and significantly poorer in others. Their most significant deficit
      appeared to be the inability to adapt long-latency reflex gain following changes
      in the stance task. The study concludes with a discussion of the role of stretch
      reflexes within a hierarchy of controls ranging from muscle stiffness up to
      centrally initiated responses.

PMID- 964328
TI  - Effect of peripheral anatomy on the fine structure and histochemistry of the
      Rolando substance: degenerative atrophy of central processes of pseudounipolar
      cells.
AB  - Disappearance of fluorid-resistant acid phosphatase activity from the ipsilateral
      Rolando substance after transection of the peripheral nerve, is shown to be due
      to the cessation of enzyme supply from dorsal root ganglion cells to their
      central terminals. This is accompanied by (or ensues in consequence of) a fine
      structural derangement of these terminals ("degenerative atrophy"). Fine
      structural alterations of axon terminals undergoing degenerative atrophy, though
      similar to some extent to those seen during early phases of a Wallerian
      degeneration, are markedly different. Also myelinated nerve fibers, both in the
      dorsal horn and in dorsal columns, are affected by degenerative atrophy. This
      important, new trophical feature of sensory ganglion cells suggests a delicate
      metabolic balance between peripheral and central axonal branches of bipolar
      (pseudounipolar) cells. Degenerative atrophy raises serious implications in
      evaluating hodological experiments based upon Wallerian degeneration and offers
      new perspectives for theoretical and clinical neurology.

PMID- 964329
TI  - Inhibitory interaction between the vestibulo-ocular reflexes arising from
      semicircular canals of rabbits.
AB  - In anesthetized albino rabbits, electric pulse stimulation was applied to
      ampullary branches of the vestibular nerve. Reflex discharges evoked from a canal
      in an extraocular muscle were depressed very effectively by conditioning
      stimulation at a certain other canal. The present systematic survey revealed that
      this reflex depression occurred specifically in 3 combinations of conditioning
      and testing canals; 1. anterior and posterior canals of the same side; 2.
      anterior and posterior canals of the opposite sides; and 3. horizontal canals of
      the two sides. Occurrence of postsynaptic inhibition in oculomotor neurons, on
      the other hand, was indicated by appearance of slow muscle potentials in
      extraocular muscles. It was confirmed that this motoneuronal inhibition did not
      contribute to the reflex depression in the above combination (1). Even in
      combinations (2) and (3), the accompanying motoneuronal inhibition was eliminated
      by adjusting intensities of canal stimuli or by severing its pathway in the
      medulla, or it was discriminated from the reflex depression by their different
      latencies and time courses. Hence, it was concluded that the reflex depression
      was attributable, at least largely, to non-motoneuronal inhibition, presumably
      postsynaptic inhibition at relay neurons for vestibulo-ocular reflexes. Slow
      muscle potentials evoked from a canal were also used as testing responses, but
      their depression could not be detected after conditioning at other canals.

PMID- 964330
TI  - Suppression of accompanying reactions to prolonged noxious stimulation during
      animal hypnosis in the rabbit.

PMID- 964331
TI  - Induction of tremor in hypoxic gerbils by re-entry into a normoxic environment.

PMID- 964332
TI  - Ultrastructure of visual callosal axons in the rabbit.

PMID- 964333
TI  - Anoxic changes of extracellular potassium concentration in the cerebral cortex of
      young rats.

PMID- 964334
TI  - Variations in conduction velocity and excitability following single and multiple
      impulses of visual callosal axons in the rabbit.

PMID- 964335
TI  - Neurotrophic regulation of prejunctional and postjunctional membrane at the
      mammalian motor endplate.

PMID- 964336
TI  - Quantitative study of bromophenol blue diffusion in the rabbit brain.

PMID- 964337
TI  - Growth of myelinated lumbosacral ventral root fibers in kittens after early
      postnatal dorsal rhizotomy, dorsal rhizotomy and spinal cord hemisection, or
      sciatic neurectomy.

PMID- 964338
TI  - Differential effects of two visual cortical lesions in the rabbit.

PMID- 964339
TI  - In vivo limb tissue development in the absence of nerves: a quantitative study.

PMID- 964340
TI  - Residual spatial vision of cats with lesions of the visual cortex.

PMID- 964341
TI  - Electrophysiological identification of neurons in locus coeruleus.

PMID- 964342
TI  - Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis in the regenerating limb of salamanders
      treated with a DL-methadone or narcotic antagonists.

PMID- 964343
TI  - Catecholamine responses to experimental spinal cord impact injury. II. Fate of
      intravenous (3H) norepinephrine.

PMID- 964344
TI  - Mesencephalic and diencephalic commissures and interocular transfer in the
      goldfish.

PMID- 964345
TI  - Denervated frog skeletal muscle: calcium content and kinetics of exchange.

PMID- 964346
TI  - Physiological characterization of efferent cervical sympathetic fibers influenced
      by changes of illumination.

PMID- 964347
TI  - Free grafting of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in the rat after marcaine
      pretreatment.

PMID- 964348
TI  - Interocular equivalence after optic nerve regeneration in goldfish.

PMID- 964349
TI  - The social consequences of teenage parenthood.
AB  - The adolescent mothers consistently experienced great difficulty in realizing
      their life plans, when compared with their classmates who did not become pregnant
      premaritally in their early teens. Marital instability, school disruption,
      economic problems, and difficulty in family size regulation and child-rearing
      were some of the complications brought on by their premature, unscheduled
      childbearing.

PMID- 964350
TI  - Fertility control services for adolescents: access and utilization.
AB  - More than one million teenagers get pregnant each year; six in 10 pregnancies end
      in live births--the rest in induced or spontaneous abortions. More than one-third
      of the births are out of wedlock. Yet, two-thirds of teenage pregnancies and half
      of the births are not intended. Some two million teenagers at risk of unintended
      pregnancy are now using effective birth control methods; but two millions are
      still denied them.

PMID- 964351
TI  - Economic consequences of teenage childbearing.

PMID- 964352
TI  - Teenagers: fertility control behavior and attitudes before and after abortion,
      childbearing or negative pregnancy test.
AB  - Following abortion or delivery, teenagers' knowledge and use of effective
      contraception improved markedly; but those who had negative pregnancy tests
      continued to take risks--and to get pregnant--subsequently. Most sexually active
      teenagers were poorly educated on the facts of reproduction, and began to have
      intercourse before seeking contraception.

PMID- 964353
TI  - Prior sexual behavior of teenagers attending rap sessions for the first time.

PMID- 964354
TI  - Food and nutrition strategies in national development. Ninth Report of the Joint
      FAO/WHO Expert Committe on Nutrition.

PMID- 964355
TI  - Biosynthesis of polyprenol phosphate sugars by Ceratitis capitata extracts.

PMID- 964356
TI  - Inhibition by griseofulvin of microtubule assembly in vitro.

PMID- 964357
TI  - A rapid assay method for spermidine and spermine synthases. Distribution of
      polyamine-synthesizing enzymes and methionine adenosyltransferase in rat tissues.

PMID- 964358
TI  - Differential binding to renal receptor subpopulations as an explanation of
      mineralocorticoid agonist action.

PMID- 964359
TI  - Presence of two forms of acetylcholine receptor with different isoelectric points
      in the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus and their catalytic
      interconversion in vitro.

PMID- 964360
TI  - The inability of the lion, Panthera leo, L. to desaturate linoleic acid.

PMID- 964361
TI  - NMR studies of catecholamines, Acid dissociation equilibria in aqueous solutions.

PMID- 964362
TI  - Separation of a new protease from cathepsin B1 of rat liver lysosomes.

PMID- 964363
TI  - X-ray diffraction from chloroplast membranes oriented in a magentic field.

PMID- 964364
TI  - Aryl-azido atractylosides as photoaffinity labels for the mitochondrial adenine
      nucleotide carrier.

PMID- 964365
TI  - A ferredoxin from halobacteria.

PMID- 964366
TI  - Levels of granular organization of chromatin fibres.

PMID- 964367
TI  - Synthesis of fluorescent acyl-cholines with agonistic properties: pharmacological
      activity on Electrophorus electroplaque and interaction in vitro with Torpedo
      receptor-rich membrane fragments.

PMID- 964368
TI  - Action of ricin from Ricinus communis L. seeds on eukaryote ribosomal proteins.

PMID- 964369
TI  - Topology of the GTP-binding site of adenylyl cyclase from pigeon erythrocytes.

PMID- 964370
TI  - Binding of serum polypeptides to the plasma membrane outer surface.

PMID- 964371
TI  - Binding of inert metal complexes to deoxyribonucleic acid detected by linear
      dichroism.

PMID- 964372
TI  - The crystal structure of a post-synaptic neurotoxin from sea snake at A
      resolution.

PMID- 964373
TI  - Specific phosphorylation in vitro of a protein associated with ribosomes of
      interferon-treated mouse L cells.

PMID- 964374
TI  - Phosphorylase b: the critical dependence of a two-state conformational transition
      upon the enzyme concentration.

PMID- 964375
TI  - Genetic transfer of the capacity to form bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes in
      Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.

PMID- 964376
TI  - Kinetic studies of an allosteric enzyme under artificial conformational
      constraints imposed by a tight immobilization into proteic membranes.

PMID- 964377
TI  - Cross-linked guaran: a versatile immunosorbent for D-galactopyranosyl binding
      lectins.

PMID- 964378
TI  - Determination of the rates of synthesis and degradation of enzymes by complex
      formation with radioactive ligands.

PMID- 964379
TI  - Fatty acid composition changes in mitochondrial membrances induced by dietary
      long chain fatty acids.

PMID- 964380
TI  - Binding of ganglioside by the chains of tetanus toxin.

PMID- 964381
TI  - Prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues and prostaglandid D2 as substrates of human
      placental 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase.

PMID- 964382
TI  - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase in glioma and neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 964383
TI  - Analysis of murine oncornovirua 4S RNA for the presence of 'spot 1 RNA'.

PMID- 964384
TI  - The in vivo stimulation of phosphorylation of rat liver proteins by fusidic acid.

PMID- 964385
TI  - Is the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase in the rat substantia nigra coupled
      with 'autoreceptors'?

PMID- 964386
TI  - Physiological and biochemical aspects of circadian rhythms.

PMID- 964387
TI  - Circadian rhythms and photoperiodic time measurement in mammals.
AB  - Many mammalian species display seasonal breeding patterns correlated with annual
      cycles of change in the physiology and morphology of the reproductive system.
      Such annual reproductive cycles are often photoperiodically controlled (i.e, the
      annual change in day length determines when reproductive activity begins and when
      it ends within the annual cycle). Photoperiodic control of seasonally appropriate
      changes in reproductive activity is dependent on an endogenous time measuring
      process. Among mammals the physiological basis of photoperiodic time measurement
      has been studied most extensively in the golden hamster. Studies with this
      species indicate that photoperiodic time measurement is executed by the circadian
      system. The time measuring process depends on a circadian oscillation of
      responsiveness to light with properties similar to those of the hypothetical
      rhythm originally proposed by Bunning to explain photoperiodic phenomena in
      plants. The available evidence strongly suggests the participation of the pineal
      gland and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the photoperiodic regulation of
      mammalian reproductive cycles. However, little is known regarding concrete
      physiological mechanisms, and the extent to which the SCN and the pineal gland
      may participate in the time measuring process per se remains to be determined.

PMID- 964388
TI  - The role of prostaglandins in vascular homeostasis.

PMID- 964389
TI  - Renal prostaglandins in relation to sodium regulation and hypertension.
AB  - The renal inner medulla is very rich in prostaglandins as well as in the enzymes
      that biosynthesize prostaglandins. When given intravenously, prostaglandin E or A
      will cause a natriuresis. Using a quick-freeze method one can measure the in vivo
      concentration of prostaglandins in the kidney. After a high NaCl intake for 2
      weeks, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in rat kidneys decreases 40%
      below control. After 2 weeks of a low NaCl diet, the intrarenal PGE2
      concentration approximately doubles. Blockers of prostaglandin synthesis have
      recently been shown to cause a natriuresis. These observations are compatible
      with the possibility that intrarenal PGE2 acts locally as an antinatriuretic
      hormone. Intrarenal prostaglandins may also have a role in certain forms of
      hypertension. The interstitial cells of the renal papilla appear to be able to
      secret antihypertensive humoral substances and can also synthesize
      prostaglandins. They have diminished numbers of cytoplasmic lipid granules in
      several forms of experimental hypertension. Moreover, using the quick-freeze
      method, the kidneys of "post-salt" hypertensive rats have a 36% lower intrarenal
      PGE2 level than is present in "post-salt" normotensive controls. Moreover, the
      kidneys from Kyoto spontaneously hypertensive rats have almost a three times
      greater intrarenal PGF2alpha concentration from Kyoto normotensive controls. The
      abnormal prostaglandin concentrations in these two types of hypertension may
      constitute key integral features of the control mechanisms through which the
      kidney brings about high blood pressure.

PMID- 964390
TI  - An outbreak of methylmercury poisoning due to consumption of contaminated grain.
AB  - An outbreak of methylmercury poisoning took place in the fall and winter of 1971
      72 in Iraq. Six thousand five hundred and thirty cases were admitted to hospitals
      throughout the country and 459 died in hospital. The outbreak was the result of
      eating homemade bread prepared from wheat treated with a methylmercury fungicide.
      The wheat was intended for planting purposes only. Signs and symptoms of
      poisonings in adults indicate that the major site of action of this form of
      mercury is the central nervous system. Severe brain damage also resulted from
      prenatal exposure when the mother ingested large amounts of the contaminated
      bread. The frequency of signs and symptoms in an exposed population was found to
      be related to the estimated maximum blood levels, i.e., the concentration in
      blood at the end of exposure. A small percentage of the population exhibited a
      significant increase in complaints of paresthesia at maximum blood levels in the
      range of 240 to 480 ng Hg/ml. At higher blood levels a greater proportion of the
      population complained of paresthesia and other signs and symptoms became
      apparent.

PMID- 964391
TI  - Epidemiological studies on cadmium in the environment in Japan: etiology of itai
      itai disease.

PMID- 964392
TI  - Evaluation of intramuscular 15(s)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha tromethamine
      salt for induction of abortion, medications to attenuate side effects, and
      intracervical laminaria tents.
AB  - Sixty gravidas 8 to 20 menstrual weeks' gestation were studied to evaluate (1)
      the efficacy of intramuscularly administered 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin
      F2alpha tromethamine (15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha) as an abortifacient; (2) the
      effectiveness of prochlorperazine and Lomotil for attenuation of vomiting and
      diarrhea; and (3) the practicability of augmenting this prostaglandin dose
      schedule with intracervical laminaria tents. Group I subjects received 250 mug of
      15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha intramuscularly every 2 hours for the initial 24 hours and 500
      mug for the next 24-hour period. Group II received the same dose schedule of
      prostaglandin and prearranged doses of prochlorperazine and Lomotil. Group III
      received the same dose schedule of prostaglandin after intracervical laminaria
      tents had been inserted, and prochlorperazine and Lomotil were administered by
      the prearranged dose schedule. It appears that (1) the 15(S)-Me-PGF2alpha was
      effective in inducing abortion; (2) a significant decrease in body temperature
      occurred; (3) the abortifacient effectiveness of this prostaglandin dose schedule
      was not altered by the regimen of prochlorperazine and Lomotil; (4) only diarrhea
      was significantly attenuated with the regimen of prochlorperazine and Lomotil;
      and (5) laminaria augmentation was not useful.

PMID- 964393
TI  - Intrauterine extra-amniotic 15(s)-15-methyl prostaglandin f2 alpha for induction
      of early midtrimester abortion.
AB  - Twenty-six patients 13 to 15 weeks pregnant received extraovular 15(S)-15-methyl
      prostaglandin F2 alpha in a dosage of 1 mg every 18 to 24 hours for three doses.
      Twenty-five (96%) of the patients aborted; fifteen patients aborted incompletely.
      The mean induction-to-abortion time was 15.8 hours. A decrease in plasma
      progesterone levels could not be consistently correlated with abortifacient
      activity, and there was no statistically significant relationship between
      abortion time and parity or gestational age. One patient failed to abort after 36
      hours of therapy and was aborted by curettage. She was the only patient who
      developed a postabortion uterine infection. Results with the extraovular
      technique appear to be similar to those with the intra-amniotic and the
      intramuscular prostaglandin techniques. Therefore, extraovular administration may
      be useful for inducing abortion in patients who are in the early midtrimester of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 964394
TI  - The detection of ovulation by intravaginal telemetry.
AB  - Following ovulatory control cycles in four celibate, healthy women, 27 to 34
      years of age, basal body temperatures (BBT) were obtained in three cycles,
      utilizing a transistorized transvaginal telemeter. The electronic signals were
      collected on an automatically activated cassette receiver and later translated
      into temperature readings. The results were compared with values obtained
      simultaneously with a standard metabolic oral thermometer. The vaginal
      temperatures were consistently lower than the oral readings and offered a more
      sensitive and reproducible method of obtaining BBT. However, this system is very
      complex, requiring well-informed, highly motivated patients, and should be viewed
      currently as an investigative tool.

PMID- 964395
TI  - Sutureless vasectomy, an improved technique: 1300 cases performed without
      failure.
AB  - Thirteen hundred bilateral, partial vasectomies have been performed for
      sterilization, without a failure. The procedure utilizes (1) a small, single
      incision; (2) no sutures; (3) cautery of each vas deferens lumen with a hand
      held, battery-operated, disposable, hot-wire cautery; and (4) sealing of the
      proximal vas deferens in its sheath with a single tantalum clip. No spermatic
      granulomas were noted using this technique.

PMID- 964396
TI  - Varicocelectomy in the subfertile male: a ten-year experience with 295 cases.
AB  - During a 10-year period 295 varicocelectomies were performed in subfertile males.
      Results of follow-up studies indicate the following: (1) Semen quality improved
      in a meaningful manner in 58% of men following varicocelectomy. The improvement,
      except at times for motility, was often only modest. The semen improved in 46% of
      men with a preoperative average count of less than 10 million/ml and in 70% whose
      count was 10 million/ml or more. (2) The stress pattern of sperm morphology was
      seen prior to surgery in 93% of the men. (3) The pregnancy rate for the entire
      series was about 41%. Men with a preoperative count of 10 million/ml or more
      achieved a 48% conception rate and those with a count of less than 10 million/ml
      succeeded 35% of the time. Only 7% of the pregnancies occurred without a
      concomitant improvement in the semen quality. (4) Men with moderate- and large
      sized left varicoceles fared better than those with small-sized varicoceles. (5)
      Varicocelectomy, when varicocele and poor semen quality coexist, is a justified
      procedure in the treatment of the infertile couple.

PMID- 964397
TI  - Linear and quantitative migration of stored sperm through cervical mucus during
      the periovular period.
AB  - The ability of stored spermatozoa to penetrate fresh samples of cervical mucus
      obtained from 23 patients during 47 menstrual cycles was studied, utilizing an in
      vitro test. The determination of daily hormonal and gonadotropin values allowed
      an accurate realationship to be established between the results of sperm-mucus
      interaction and the environmental milieu. Cervical mucus was found to be
      effectively penetrable only on day -1 and day 0 when considered with respect to
      the plasma luteinizing hormone surge. Correlation was apparent between the
      ability of sperm to penetrate and the favorable clinical parameters of cervical
      assessment.

PMID- 964398
TI  - Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone
      responses to gonadotropin-releasing factor in males with varicoceles.
AB  - Five infertile males, ages 25 to 35, with oligospermia and varicocele had
      following gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LRF) infusion a rise of serum follicle
      stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels which was not
      different from that of normal fertile males. The response of these hormones to
      LRF infusion was unaltered by spermatic vein ligation, but a significant
      elevation of the sperm count occurred. Thus, improvement in sperm count following
      spermatic vein ligation is not mediated via changes in peripheral gonadotropin or
      testosterone concentrations.

PMID- 964399
TI  - Detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in blood of regularly bleeding women
      using copper intrauterine contraceptive devices.
AB  - Highly sensitive and specific radioreceptorassay and radioimmunoassay of human
      chorionic gonadtropin (hCG) have been used in the detection of hCG in random
      serum samples during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycles of 200 women and in
      daily serum samples obtained a few days prior to expected ovulation through the
      luteal phase in 3 women with regular bleeding patterns and using a copper
      intrauterine device (IUD). Twelve to nineteen per cent of IUD users showed hCG in
      serum during the luteal phase, indicating that the presence of the IUD, while
      permitting fertilization, probably causes interference through degeneration of
      the blastocyst and consequent lack of implantation.

PMID- 964400
TI  - Embryotoxicity of leukocyte extracts and its relationship to intrauterine
      contraception in humans.
AB  - Twelve human uteri containing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) and ten
      uteri without IUDs were obtained at hysterectomy. Samples of fluid were collected
      from the uterine lumina by absorbing the fluid in small pieces of lens paper. In
      the samples of luminal fluid we measured the concentration of beta-galactosidase,
      an enzyme which is present in human neutrophilic leukocytes and whose
      concentration in luminal fluid should correlate with the local inflammatory
      response to the intrauterine foreign body. In the samples of fluid from IUD
      bearing uteri, the concentration of beta-galactosidase was significantly (P less
      than 0.0005) greater than that in luminal fluid from control uteri, the averages
      of the two groups differing by 3.8 units. To determine whether a foreign-body
      response of this magnitude could have any effect on preimplantation embryos, we
      cultured mouse embryos from day 4 to day 7 of development in culture media to
      which extracts of human leukocytes were added. All mouse embryos were killed when
      the culture media contained enough leukocyte extract to give beta-galactosidase
      concentrations of 0.5 unit or higher. Thus mouse embryos were killed by leukocyte
      extracts whose beta-galactosidase concentrations were actually less than the
      concentration of this marker enzyme measured in IUD uterine fluid. This
      comparison indicates that the luminal fluid in IUD-bearing uteri contains
      leukocyte break-down products in sufficient concentration to be lethal for
      preimplantation embryos.

PMID- 964401
TI  - Surface changes of the rat embryo before implantation.
AB  - Study of the rat embryo surface under the scanning electron microscope shows the
      superficial structure of the pellucid membrane as a perforated network cover
      which does not change throughout the preimplantation period (1 to 41/2 days).
      Dissolution of the pellucid membrane by brief ATP treatment reveals a zygotic
      surface which changes from day to day. The number and length of microvilli
      increase with development. At the early blastula stage there is a great
      heterogeneity of microvilli of different size and shape as well as large
      membranous ruffles mainly located at one pole of the embryo. The significance of
      these structures may relate to the changing metabolic requirements of the
      developing embryo and to the invasive properties of the trophoblast.

PMID- 964402
TI  - Measurement of androstanediol in plasma in a radioimmunoassay using celite column
      chromatography.
AB  - A rapid and relatively simple, but specific, radioimmunoassay for the potent
      androgen, androstanediol (3 alpha-diol), is described. Despite the availability
      of a nonspecific C-19 androgen antibody requiring a 17 beta-hydroxy group,
      androstanediol can be measured in plasma by prior purification of a plasma
      solvent extract using a Celite microcolumn. Values obtained do not differ from
      those previously reported using more complicated chromatographic techniques.

PMID- 964403
TI  - Preliminary results of the endometrial and ovarian response to luteal phase
      norgestrel.
AB  - Luteal phase administration of dl-norgestrel, in doses of 10 mg to two groups of
      women with ovulatory cycles, did not significantly affect the length of the
      menstrual cycles, the duration of menses, or the endometrium whether given on a 5
      consecutive day (group A) or 5-alternate day schedule (group B). Serum
      progesterone levels decreased in 9 of 11 patients in group A from a pretreatment
      level of 1431 ng/100 ml to 568 ng/100 ml and then to 419 ng/100 ml for the first
      and third treatment cycles, respectively; corresponding values for group B were
      1149 ng/100 ml, 237 ng/100 ml, and less than 100 ng/100 ml, respectively. No
      adverse reactions were noted in any of the subjects; Papanicolaou smears remained
      class I, blood chemistry values showed no significant changes from pretreatment
      values, and no pregnancies occurred during treatment.

PMID- 964404
TI  - Induction of ovulation in the human with centchroman: a preliminary report.

PMID- 964405
TI  - Endometrial biopsies on the infertile patient.

PMID- 964406
TI  - Bicornuate uterus and ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 964407
TI  - Interaction of lectins with surface membrane receptors of animal cells. I.
      Factors responsible for agglutinability of human, rabbit, and sheep erythrocytes
      with concanavalin A.
AB  - A study of various factors influencing the Con A-mediated cell agglutinability
      failed to reveal any correlation between the agglutinability and the binding
      capacity of Con A-agglutinable and non-agglutinable human, rabbit, and sheep
      erythrocytes. Treatment with trypsin and neuraminidase on the one hand and
      chondroitin sulphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polylysine on the other hand made
      the agglutination of human erythrocytes possible, promoted the agglutination of
      rabbit erythrocytes, but had almost no effect on sheep erythrocytes, which
      agglutinated only after treatment with pronase or polylysine. The negligible
      effects of low temperature, NaN3, cytochalasine B and theophylline on cell
      agglutinability indicate that neither membrane fluidity, metabolic energy, cAMP,
      nor the microfilamentous apparatus are likely to play any important role in the
      Con A-mediated agglutination of erythrocytes. Differences in agglutinability
      between erythrocytes obtained from different animal species and subjected to
      different treatments with enzymes and polymers are explained as being due to
      alterations in the surface charge and the zeta potential.

PMID- 964408
TI  - Enhancement of antibody response to soluble HSA antigen of young rabbits
      pretreated with deoxyribonucleic acids from adult donors.
AB  - Rabbits were injected with one dose of 2-4 mg. isolated nuclear DNA (from spleens
      of adult donors) at 3-5 days of age and their antibody response to a later
      administered soluble HSA antigen was followed. A) Rabbits receiving antigen only
      at 9 days of age, without previous DNA, did not form antibodies even after the
      second dose of HSA antigen given at 8 weeks of age. Nor were antibodies detected
      in the serum of rabbits treated before antigen, i.e., at 4-5 days of age, with
      DNA-N (from spleens of non-immunized rabbits), or DNA-P (from spleens of the pig
      immunized with a different antigen). Only rabbits treated with DNA-Ia (from
      spleens of rabbits immunized with soluble HSA antigen) formed antibodies to HSA
      antigen given at 9 days after birth. Antibodies were detectable in the serum at
      21 days after antigen administration and retained increased levels as long as 50
      days after the first dose of antigen. B) When HSA antigen was injected at 17-18
      days after birth, even the DNA-N (4 mg.) given at 3-5 days after birth increased
      the antibody response in the recipients. Substantial acceleration and increase in
      antibody formation was obtained in rabbits treated with DNA-Ib after birth as
      compared to control rabbits (after antigen only with DNA). On the contrary, DNA-H
      from spleens of rabbits intensively immunized with HSA in adjuvant, given in a
      larger dose (4 mg.), suppressed the antibody response of rabbits over 8 weeks of
      age after the second dose of antigen. DNAs from spleens of immunized donors
      injected into rabbit offspring, without subsequent HSA antigen administration,
      did not lead to the appearance of detectable anti-HSA antibodies in the serum of
      young rabbits under the conditions of our experiments A and B. Long-term effects
      of DNAs injected in the postnatal period into rabbits on their immune response
      are discussed.

PMID- 964409
TI  - Decreased in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine into spleen cell DNA of
      antigenically stimulated rabbits treated in the postnatal period with nucleic
      acid from adult donors.
AB  - Spleen cell DNA from 6-month-old rabbits, that has received the first dose of
      soluble HSA antigen at 9 days of age and the second at 2 months of age and did
      not form antibodies incorporated 3H-thymidine in vitro as early as 1 hour after
      restimulation of rabbits with HSA antigen in vivo. The incorporation rate (in
      muCi/mg.) of isolated cellular DNA was higher than that of DNA from rabbits that
      had been pretreated with nuclear DNA from the spleens of adult non-immunized
      rabbits or from the spleens of pigs immunized with a different antigen (DNP-BGG),
      4-5 days before the first dose of antigen. The inhibitory effect of pig DNA was
      stronger. Decreased incorporation of DNA was noted at 8 hours after restimulation
      of rabbits treated in the same manner as the previous group. The difference
      between the incorporation rate at 1 hour and at 8 hours after the restimulation
      was most marked in the DNA obtained from rabbits not treated with nuclear DNA in
      the postnatal period. The activity of lymphoid cell DNA after antigenic
      stimulation is discussed.

PMID- 964410
TI  - The intersex difference in the production of alloantibodies and growth of tumour
      allografts in mice.
AB  - The comparisons of immune responses to tumour allografts in male and female mice
      showed the following intersex differences: 1. Production of humoral antibodies
      is, in general, higher in females; since, however, the time course of titres
      differs for haemagglutinating and cytotoxic antibodies as well as with the sex,
      the titre of the same antibody may be higher in males at certain time intervals
      when the peak is delayed and the production in females is already declining. 2.
      In recipients specifically presensitized with spleen extract as well as in
      controls, the growth of allogeneic tumour (SaI) exhibits quantitative intersex
      differences being reduced in females. In the initial phase of growth, following
      the spleen extract, the facilitation (enhancement) of the tumour allograft is
      apparent olny in males, whereas in females it is delayed. 3. The facilitating
      effect of antibodies passively transferred from males or females corresponds
      mainly to the sex and strain of the recipient, only rarely to the sex of the
      producer. 4. In CBA strain mice, females are more resistant to the growth of SaI
      and also mortality from the primary tumour is lower in females; in contrast, the
      frequency of metastases in females is higher. 5. In the IC strain, where the sex
      effect on tumour growth is particularly pronounced, the consequences of
      castration were concordant with the inferred hormonal control of the allograft
      response: in males, the relatively high percentage of lethal spontaneous takes
      (60%) was reduced following castration (to 13%), whereas the opposite trend was
      observed in females, namely an increase from 0% in sham-operated controls to 23%
      in the castrated group.

PMID- 964411
TI  - Development of immunity against antigens of the A and B blood groups during
      postembryogenesis in chickens.
AB  - 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes were injected into young chicks, F1 hybrids of the
      inbred chicken lines, from hatching to 2 months of age. The onset of immunity was
      measured by means of elimination of labelled red blood cells. It was found that
      with the B-locus difference between donors and recipients the immune response
      developed from 4 days of age to the end of the first week, whereas with the A
      locus difference it developed during the second week of life. The onset of
      immunity is delayed in inbred chickens compared to outbred chickens, because we
      have used one alloantigen difference.

PMID- 964412
TI  - What's new in contraception for adolescents?

PMID- 964413
TI  - Some experiences with acupuncture in the treatment of chronic pain.

PMID- 964414
TI  - Tobramycin--a brief review of worldwide experience.

PMID- 964415
TI  - Flurocarbons and the environment.

PMID- 964416
TI  - The iron depletion syndrome in infants and small children.

PMID- 964417
TI  - [A case contribution to carotinosis cutis].

PMID- 964418
TI  - [Long-term dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton quinckeanum and its treatment].

PMID- 964419
TI  - [Mycoses of skin and mucosa].

PMID- 964420
TI  - [Follow-up studies on 1000 patients with sclerosed veins].

PMID- 964422
TI  - [Clinical-histological picture report of Kaposi's angiomatosis].

PMID- 964421
TI  - [Skin metastases of a hypernephroid carcinoma].

PMID- 964423
TI  - [Increased immune reactivity of exacerbated visceral lupus erythematosus: II.
      Reason and pathogenetic significance].
AB  - The sera of patients suffering from acute phase Lupus erythematosus visceralis
      contains factors inducing an increased blastoid transformation of lymphocytes: 1.
      one or some factors having a molecular weight ranging from 7.8 X 10(5) to 1.5 X
      10(6) daltons. This active principle was shown to increase specifically the
      transformation of only the autologous lymphocytes. These high-molecular weights
      components are supposed to be antigen-antibody-complexes. 2. Beside those high
      molecular weight components also low-molecular weight factors could be shown to
      increase the transformation of lymphocytes as well. By contrast these latter
      factors stimulate the transformation of autologous as well as homologous
      lymphocytes. The low-molecular weights components are stable after an incubation
      for 30 min after 56 degrees C and have molecular weights of about 7.5 X 10(4) and
      1.6 X 10(5) daltons, respectively. Supposed the low molecular weight factors of
      the sera of exacerbated Lupus erythematosus visceralis are mitogenic lymphokines
      the increased activity of those mediators should possess pathogenic significance.

PMID- 964424
TI  - [Hyde's nodular prurigo: an electronmicroscopic study].
AB  - Electron microscopic studies were carried out on cutaneous lesions in one case of
      prurigo nodularis Hyde. The cells of the basal layer partly showed large
      paranuclear vacuoles, which were sometimes divided by thin membrane structures.
      The intercellular space of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum was usually
      dilated, exhibiting acantholytic phenomen. Furthermore, numerous cells of these
      layers contain vacuolic-like mitochondria and polymorphous granular structures.
      Melanocytes and Langerhans-cells have not been observed, however, Merkel-cells
      were found in the basal layer, containing characteristic electrondense granules
      measuring 80 to 100 nm in diameter. The stratum granulosum frequently showed
      large intercellular complexes of numerous desmosomes, which sometimes were
      forming desmosomal bridges crossing the intercellular space. The capillaries in
      the dermis were usually widened and frequently surrounded by edematous
      alterations. The cytoplasm of the endothelial cells appeared very electrondens.
      Numerous unmyelinated axons were observed within the subepidermal zone containing
      mitochondria and single granules, measuring 80 to 100 nm in diameter.

PMID- 964425
TI  - [Nomenclatures, nomenclatures: the foreign and a trip to the baths].

PMID- 964426
TI  - Sensitization and testing of guinea pigs with nickel sulfate.
AB  - Experiments in passive transfer of nickel allergy require highly sensitive guinea
      pigs and a reliable and technically usable test method. A comparison was made
      between two sensitization methods, the guinea pig maximization test of MAGNUSSON
      and KLIGMAN (MK) and a combined injection and painting method devised by POLAK
      and TURK (PT). Intradermal injection was chosen as test method. The reactions to
      the test were greater than those of normal animals and the differences were
      statistically significant. With testing before the start of sensitization it was
      found difficult to obtain highly sensitive animals (tolerance). PT painting
      resulted in rather higher sensitivity with Triton X-100 than with sodium lauryl
      sulphate. In a comparison between the MK and PT methods, no difference in
      effectiveness was found provided that the animals had not been pretested.
      Repeated PT injections and paintings caused a further increase of the
      sensitivity, but the toxicity of nickel is a limiting factor.

PMID- 964427
TI  - Warty hyperkeratoses, cellular immune defect, and tapetoretinal degeneration in
      poikiloderma congenitale.

PMID- 964428
TI  - Acid hydrolase activity in normal human callus and in psoriatic scales.
AB  - The activities of 14 acid hydrolases have been measured in normal human callus
      and in psoriatic scales. Values for the scales were much higher than for callus.
      The increase is believed to be the result of two factors: an increased synthesis
      of these enzymes by the psoriatic lesion and a diminished degree of inactivation
      during the keratinization process.

PMID- 964429
TI  - Syphilis, homosexuality and legislation.
AB  - The proportion of cases with fresh syphilis in males contracted by homosexual
      contacts in Helsinki before and after the change of the criminal law in 1971 was
      studied. Since 1971, homosexuality is by law no longer a crime in Finland. In
      1964, only 2% of males with fresh syphilis admitted a homosexual contact. The
      same figure was 8% in 1970, and increased to about 50% in 1974 and 1975. It was
      concluded that a change of legislation concerning homosexuality, probably by
      several different routes, changed the proportion of cases of detected
      homosexually transmitted early syphilis. This was thought to be of special
      importance for case finding and controlling of the spread of syphilis.

PMID- 964430
TI  - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

PMID- 964431
TI  - Preliminary report of the treatment of Behcet syndrome with oral poliomyelitis
      vaccine (Sabin)

PMID- 964432
TI  - Transient variations in responding to Pavlovian conditioned stimuli have
      implications for the mechanisms of "priming".

PMID- 964433
TI  - A role of stimulus compounds in eliciting responses: relatively spaced extinction
      following massed acquisition.

PMID- 964434
TI  - Attenuation of the intermittent punishment effect: the effect of interpolated
      punishment and nonreward trials.

PMID- 964435
TI  - Two-choice conditional discrimination performance of pigeons as a function of
      reward expectancy, prechoice delay, and domesticity.

PMID- 964436
TI  - Open-field behavior of wild and domestic Norway rats.

PMID- 964437
TI  - Ontogeny of persistence: immediate extinction effects in preweanling and weanling
      rats.

PMID- 964438
TI  - Some tests of the additivity (autoshaping) theory of behavioral contrast.

PMID- 964439
TI  - Avoidance differences between rats and gerbils.

PMID- 964440
TI  - Genetic analysis of tonic immobility in young Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix
      japonica).

PMID- 964441
TI  - Reactions of selectively bred strains of rats to a cat.

PMID- 964442
TI  - Determinants of ejaculatory failure in the copulatory behavior of cactus mice
      (Peromyscus eremicus).

PMID- 964443
TI  - Sexually dimorphic extinction of a conditioned taste aversion in rats.

PMID- 964444
TI  - Overshadowing and stimulus intensity.

PMID- 964445
TI  - The relative effectiveness of an inanimate stimulus and a live surrogate during
      imprinting in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica.

PMID- 964446
TI  - Intradimensional vs. extradimensional transfer in the discriminative learning of
      goldfish and pigeons.

PMID- 964447
TI  - Reward magnitude and shock variables (continuity and intensity) in shuttlebox
      avoidance learning.

PMID- 964448
TI  - Elimination of self-punitive behavior with a novel stimulus and safety signal.

PMID- 964449
TI  - Extinction of a taste aversion in the absence of the consummatory response.

PMID- 964450
TI  - Conditioned inhibition and the UCS-CS interval.

PMID- 964451
TI  - Secondary lens formation caused by implantation of pituitary into the eyes of the
      newt, Notophthalmus.

PMID- 964452
TI  - Stimulation of corneal differentiation by interaction between cell surface and
      extracellular matrix. II. Further studies on the nature and site of transfilter
      "induction".

PMID- 964453
TI  - The biosynthesis of cartilage type collagen during limb regeneration in the
      larval salamander.

PMID- 964454
TI  - The relation between villus formation and the pattern of extracellular fibers as
      seen by scanning microscopy.

PMID- 964455
TI  - Follicle cell protein synthesis and its contribution to the yolk of the Cecropia
      moth oocyte.

PMID- 964456
TI  - Modality differences in the habituation and dishabituation of cardiac
      responsiveness in the human newborn.
AB  - The relative efficacy of (1) repeated auditory and somesthetic stimulation for
      the habituation of cardiac acceleration responses and (2) intramodal and cross
      modal stimulation for the dishabituation of cardiac responses was studied in 45
      full-term 2-day-old infants. Although the stimuli were equally effective
      initially, repeated presentation of the somesthetic stimulus had a greater
      decremental effect than repeated presentation of the auditory stimulus. The
      stimuli were equally effective in producing dishabituation when in a different
      modality from that of the habituating stimulus (cross-modal) but not when in the
      same modality (intramodal). Changes in the locus of stimulation without a change
      in modality were ineffective for producing dishabituation. The findings indicate
      the human newborn discriminates auditory and somesthetic inputs effectively and
      equally but does not discriminate contralateral from ipsilateral stimulation in
      either modality.

PMID- 964457
TI  - Anatomical and behavioral effects of colchicine administration to rats late in
      utero.
AB  - Offspring from pregnant rats injected with 4mg/kg body weight colchicine on
      Embryonic Days 18, 19, and 20 were found to have isocortical and hippocampal
      structures greatly reduced in mass when examined at birth. Cells with pyknotic
      nuclei were found in Layers 5, 4, and 3 of the cerebral isocortex, the habenula,
      and anterior medial nuclei of the thalamus. Brains taken at Postnatal Days 22 and
      132 were reduced in overall size, and had a 20-30% reduction of cells at the
      vertex of the neocortex with up to 50% reduction in the thickness of the corpus
      callosum. A decrease in activity, an increase in fearfulness and/or decreased
      tendency to explore, reduced error scores on the Hebb-Williams maze, poor
      performance on the Maier elevated maze, and a lessened sensitivity to sound
      induced seizures were correlated with these anatomical changes.

PMID- 964458
TI  - Weak inhibitory behavioral effects of postnatal! preweaning taurine injections in
      rats.
AB  - The behavior of rats injected once every 2 days between Postnatal Days 4 and 20
      with 62.5 mug/g or 125 mug/g body weight of taurine was compared with saline- or
      .5 M NaCl-injected litter-mate controls. Taurine-injected rats ran significantly
      less in the running wheel test and displayed lower response/reinforcement ratios
      following step-like changes in DRL reinforcement schedules. The quicker
      adjustments to the changes in DRL schedules did not occur immediately but during
      sessions following the change. We concluded that taurine administration during
      early juvenile development could weakly influence adult inhibitory behavior.

PMID- 964459
TI  - Peculiarities in the changes of catecholamine level in the brain, blood, and
      adrenals of dogs and rats in ontogenesis.
AB  - The norepinephrine content of the whole brainstem and of its different parts and
      the epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) content in the blood and adrenals in dogs
      and rats during ontogenesis were studied. The catecholamine (CA) level in the
      blood and different parts of the dog brainstem increased to the age of 20-30 days
      and then decreased. The NE value of the whole dog brainstem increased to the age
      of 9-30 days, and then decreased. The content of NE of the rat brainstem
      increased to the age of 120 days and then decreased. The amount of CA of the dog
      and rat adrenals increased progressively from birth to adulthood. The CA brain
      and adrenal level of dogs during postnatal ontogenesis was lower than in rats.

PMID- 964460
TI  - Visual sensitivity to orientation of rectangles in mice with retinal
      degeneration.
AB  - C3H/HeJ male mice, an inbred strain showing retinal degeneration (rd), and normal
      eyed DBA/IJ male mice were studied in a task requiring discrimination of
      horizontally and vertically oriented rectangles. The apparatus was modified
      Yerkes discrimination apparatus. The mice were given 30 days of discrimination
      training, 10 trials/day, after which 10 more trails were given on the 31st day
      with positive and negative cues reversed. Both strains showed a highly
      significant decrease in errors during acquisition, the rd strain making
      significantly fewer errors than the DBA/IJ animals. Reversal of the cues brought
      about a sharp increase in percentage of errors.

PMID- 964461
TI  - The development of passive and active avoidance learning in the cat.
AB  - Kittens of 25 and 50 days of age were tested on a passive avoidance task in a 2
      compartment black-white shuttle box. Latency to enter the dark side of the box
      was the same for both groups on Day 1, but the latency to enter the dark side on
      Day 2 was much shorter for the younger kittens. Other kittens were trained in a
      step-up active avoidance task also at 25 and 50 days of age. No differences were
      found in active avoidance performance between the younger and older animals,
      indicating that active and passive avoidance tasks may possibly reflect separate
      developmental processes that mature at different rates in the cat.

PMID- 964462
TI  - The pineal gland and the development of salt intake patterns in male rats.
AB  - The effect of gonadectomy, sham-gonadectomy, pinealectomy, and sham-pinealectomy
      on the concentration of NaCl in the total volume of fluid drunk per day ([NaCl])
      in male rats offered a free choice between water and 3% saline was measured.
      Neonatal gonadectomy increased [NaCl] I in adult males but had no effect on
      immature rats. If the rats, however, were neonatally pinealectomized as well as
      gonadectomized, the increase of [NaCl] I also appeared in the immatures. Neonatal
      sham-pinealectomy decreased [NaCl] I in immature and adult rats, both
      gonadectomized and sham-gonadectomized. In adult neonatally gonadectomized males
      the effects of sham-pinealectomy did not occur in those animals actually
      pinealectomized. The role of the pineal gland in the regulation of water and salt
      intake is discussed in relation to the function of hypothalamus, neonatal stress,
      and sexual maturation.

PMID- 964463
TI  - The organization of sleep and wakefulness after maternal separation in young
      rats.
AB  - Two-week-old infant rats were studied before and after 24 hr of maternal absence.
      This experience produced an increase in time spent awake, a reduction in time
      spent in paradoxical sleep (PS), and an increased frequency of state transitions
      with more frequent and shorter periods of both slow-wave sleep (SWS) AND PS. Body
      movements were increased and nonnutritive sucking decreased during PS after
      separation. Other aspects of sleep organization were relativly stable: the
      pattern of probability of direction of state transitions, the integration of the
      physiological and behavioral determinants of state, the pattern and amount of
      nonnutritive sucking, and the underlying PS cycle period. These findings, and the
      results of 2 control experiments, suggest that some aspects of the prolonged
      absence of the mother produce a shift in the infant's central neutral state
      regulation through processes yet to be understood.

PMID- 964464
TI  - Acquisition and retention of habituation in the preweanling rat.
AB  - The acquisition and retention of habituation to air-puff was studied in rats on
      Days 1-19 postpartum. Animals of all ages demonstrated habituation but the rate
      of habituation varied with age: slower on each successive day from Day 1 to Day
      8, but thereafter more rapid on each successive day. This peak of elicited
      responding is discussed in relation to the peak of spontaneous activity at Day 16
      and to the pattern of neural development, including changes in
      acetylcholinesterase, norepinephrine, and serotonin, measured during the
      preweaning period. All ages showed 30-min retention of habituation, with 60-min
      retention developing after the 1st week. No evidence of 24-hr retention appeared
      at any age.

PMID- 964465
TI  - Effects of neonatal thyroid hormone stimulation and differential preweaning
      rearing on open-field behavior in adult rats.
AB  - In 2 experiments, rats were given a mixture containing high doses of 1-tri
      iodothyronine and 1-thyroxine-sodium on Day 4 after birth (Group T). Controls (C)
      received equivalent amounts of saline. During the preweaning period, half of the
      litters in the T and C groups were raised in an impoverished (I) condition, and
      half in an enriched (E) condition. Open-field ambulation, rearing, defecation,
      and, in Experiment 2, grooming behavior was recorded during a 4-day period at 210
      days (Experiment 1) and at 90 days of age (Experiment 2). A consistent augmenting
      action of neonatal hormone stimulation on ambulation and rearing was found for
      both males and females. Hormone-treated animals did not habituate their rate of
      general motor activity with repeated testings in the open-field. An over-all
      pattern of a larger effect of hormone-treatment in the I condition than in the E
      condition was noted, particularly among the females. Thus, the experience of
      preweaning enrichment partly "normalized" the open-field behavior of the T
      groups. The results are discussed in relation to an hypothesis concerning the
      interaction of rate of development of the central nervous system and
      environmental stimulation in determining later behavior.

PMID- 964466
TI  - Growth in the Hubbard broiler: increased size following early handling.
AB  - Hubbard cockerels, 1 day of age (n = 91), were divided into 3 handling groups:
      (1) chicks from the 5-Day group were removed from the brooder and isolated at 22
      degrees C for 3 min on each of the first 5 days; (2) chicks from the 15-Day group
      received this treatment for 15 days; and (3) Control chicks were not handled.
      Within each group half were fed broiler starter for 5 weeks, and half were fed
      layer starter which produces slower growth. On Days 28, 35, 42, and 49 the
      average weight of 5-Day birds was significantly higher than that of Controls; 15
      Day birds weighed slightly less than birds in the 5-Day group. The weight
      advantage of the 5-Day birds occurred with both starter rations, at all weighing
      periods, and did not appear to reflect increased food consumption. Similarities
      between these findings and results obtained with rodents were noted.

PMID- 964467
TI  - Protein deprivation in primates. VIII. Early behavior of progeny.
AB  - Infant rhesus monkeys whose mothers were fed diets providing 1, 2, or 4 g of
      protein/kg body weight/day during pregnancy were tested on 13 behavioral tests
      during their first 60 days of life. (The diets had been shown to affect
      significantly the weights and blood protein concentrations of both pregnant and
      nonpregnant females.) The tests samples a wide range of behaviors, including
      visual and auditory perception, feeding reflexes, and locomotion. Despite the
      maternal dietary differences, the performances of infants on all tests were
      comparable in all groups. These data contrast with the finding of persistent
      deficit in rats born of protein-deprived mothers.

PMID- 964468
TI  - Visual evoked response (VER) changes during maturation in the Weddell seal.
AB  - Visual evoked responses (VER'S) were recorded from the cortex of immature Weddel
      seals, 3-365 days of age. Results indicated a high degree of maturity at birth
      evident from the multiphasic array of waveforms and the comparatively short onset
      latency of the VER. At low intensities, single flashes evoked an immature
      secondary response. Topographical distribution of VER's were confined largely to
      the gyrus immediately adjacent to midline, from the posterior aspect near lambda
      to the vertex. Recordings from CI-744 dosed seals displayed a well-demarcated
      developmental sequence of VER's, contrary to VER's recorded in flaxedilized
      seals. Onset latency and waveform configuration changed concomitantly as a
      function of age. During the postnatal period from birth to weaning, VER changes
      were related to major behavioral events such as the seal's first encounter with
      swimming and diving at 2 weeks of age and weaning at 6 weeks of age.

PMID- 964469
TI  - Gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity during the postoperative period in man.
AB  - Myoelectrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract has been studied in the
      postoperative period of 13 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. The recordings
      have been performed by means of extracellular electrodes which were implanted at
      the levels of stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon during the surgical procedure.
      The records showed that fast activity is always persistent while the basic
      electrical rhythm is greatly disorganized during the immediate postoperative
      period. Such a characteristic pattern of the electrical activity suggested that
      the lack of peristaltic and propulsive movements, always noted during this
      period, is not correlated with a disappearance of gastrointestinal contractions,
      but only with a disturbance in their coordination.

PMID- 964470
TI  - Carcinomas of the colon in Buffalo strain rats given intraperitoneal injections
      of methylazoxymethanol acetate.
AB  - Buffalo strain male and female rats were given methylazoxymethanol acetate (20%
      solution) intraperitoneally 20 mg/kg body weight weekly for 9 weeks, and killed
      27 weeks later. Carcinomas of the large intestine, predominantly in the
      descending colon, developed in some of the rats. The incidence was higher in male
      than in female rats. Polypoid carcinomas were observed more often in male rats
      and sessile carcinomas with metastases in the female rats. Carcinomas were not
      observed in organs other than the large intestine.

PMID- 964471
TI  - Transit time changes with age in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat.
AB  - Using 85Sr-labelled microspheres as nonabsorbable markers, the effect of age on
      gastrointestinal propulsion motility was determined in conscious rats. There was
      no significant correlation between the gastric emptying rate or the propulsion
      motility of the small intestine and the age of the rats. However, the transit
      time of the intestinal content in the caecum in adult (17- to 20-month-old) rats
      was about fivefold the value found in weanling (19-day-old) rats. Also the
      transit time of the large intestine was found to be prolonged by about 70% during
      the life span investigated.

PMID- 964472
TI  - Effects of L-glutamine on various gastric lesions in rats and guinea pigs.
AB  - Effects of L-glutamine on gastric lesion models in rats and guinea pigs were
      studied. Shay ulceration in rats was not inhibited by oral L-glutamine. Although
      stress-induced gastric lesions in intact rats were not inhibited by L-glutamine,
      a strong antagonism of gastric lesions was induced in pylorus-ligated rats under
      the same stress by the amino acid. Histamine-induced gastric lesions in intact
      rats and guinea pigs were also markedly inhibited by L-glutamine. L-Glutamine
      inhibited the gastric lesions in rats induced by compound 48/80 but not
      significantly. Reserpine- or serotonin-induced gastric lesions in rats were not
      affected by L-glutamine. The mechanism of L-glutamine protection was discussed.

PMID- 964473
TI  - The role of the digestive tract in cholesterol metabolism.
AB  - New studies have permit to reevaluate the importance of the digestive tract in
      each of the mechanisms regulating cholesterol turnover. Particularly, the role of
      the digestive trace in the rat cholesterol synthesis was underestimated. Is there
      a similar situation in man?

PMID- 964474
TI  - Gastric clearance of serum albumin in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Gastric albumin clearance studies were carried out in 26 patients with alcoholic
      cirrhosis and in 10 control subjects. The mean clearance was significantly higher
      in patients than in control subjects. An increased protein gastric loss in
      cirrhotic patients was observed only in presence of gastritis. The presence or
      absence of distended esophageal varices did not influence the protein loss.

PMID- 964475
TI  - High serum glutamic acid levels in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - High levels of glutamic acid and normal levels of glutamine were found in the
      blood of all but one of ten patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. No changes
      of the concentration in blood of these two amino acids were observed in 49
      patients suffering from several diseases including malignant tumours. Although
      the mechanism of the rise of serum glutamic acid is difficult to explain at
      present, it may have some diagnostic value.

PMID- 964476
TI  - Serum gastric concentration after sham feeding and feeding under the influence of
      propranolol in man.
AB  - The influence of propranolol, 50 mug/kg administered intravenously, on the
      gastrin concentration during sham feeding and after a test meal was studied in
      eight normal subjects. beta-Adrenergic blockade had no inhibitory effect on the
      gastrin response to feeding. Sham feeding did not provoke a significant rise of
      serum concentration; however, in three subjects a definite gastrin response
      occurred in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade.

PMID- 964477
TI  - Gastric secretory response to cholinergic stimulation in rats chronically
      pretreated with pentagastrin or histamine in depot form.
AB  - Rats pretreated by daily depot injections of pentagastric for 24 days, responded
      with a significant increase of gastric secretion volume, and HC1 concentration
      and output, when infused intravenously with bethanechol chloride. In these rats,
      the total weight of the stomach and the height of the fundic mucosa were also
      increased. Pretreatment with histamine had no effect on rat gastric tissue or
      gastric secretion, under identical conditions of stimulation.

PMID- 964478
TI  - The effect of intravenous infusion of synthetic human gastrin-I on lower
      esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure in the dog and its relation to gastrin level.
AB  - To demonstrate the relation between gastrin level and lower esophageal sphincter
      (LES) pressure, experiments with intravenous infusions of synthetic human gastrin
      I (SHG-I) were performed in anaesthetized dogs. The results show that infusions
      with 5 mug-kg-1-h-1 SHG-I have an initially increasing effect on LES pressure but
      produce unphysiologically high gastrin blood levels. Physiological levels of
      gastrin were measured only using an infusion dose of 0.5 mug-kg-1-h-1, which was
      below the threshold for increasing LES pressure.

PMID- 964480
TI  - Canada prepares for mass immunization.

PMID- 964479
TI  - Histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in rats with chronic renal insufficiency.
AB  - Chronic uremia was induced by long-term maintenance of rats which had undergone
      sub-total nephrectomy, with sham-operated rats serving as controls. Chronic
      gastric cannulas and chronic vascular catheters (vena cava) were installed and
      the rats were stimulated with intravenous infusion of histamine. In uremic rats,
      the volume of gastric juice, output of HC1 and H+ concentration were
      significantly higher than in the controls during the 6-hour secretion
      experiments.

PMID- 964482
TI  - Good management means communication.

PMID- 964481
TI  - The impact of diet on disease.

PMID- 964483
TI  - H.P.P. marks five successful years.

PMID- 964484
TI  - Capital equipment acquisition considerations.

PMID- 964485
TI  - Get the maximum from your exhibit!

PMID- 964487
TI  - Wh has the final say?

PMID- 964486
TI  - [Government must stop crippling hospitals].

PMID- 964488
TI  - Can a married woman give a valid consent?

PMID- 964489
TI  - How to prepare an administrator's law book.

PMID- 964490
TI  - Accreditation: standards are for real.

PMID- 964491
TI  - Why staff education?

PMID- 964492
TI  - Guide to preparing a patient information booklet.

PMID- 964493
TI  - Effective reporting wins administrative support.

PMID- 964494
TI  - The Delphi technique in a psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 964495
TI  - Problem solving with the Delphi technique.

PMID- 964497
TI  - Damning the doctors and the hospitals.

PMID- 964496
TI  - Shiftwork and turnover of general duty nurses.

PMID- 964498
TI  - Letter: Patient's bill of rights.

PMID- 964499
TI  - Providing a secure hospital.

PMID- 964500
TI  - Computerized central scheduling of patient appointments.

PMID- 964501
TI  - Hospital induced malnutrition.

PMID- 964502
TI  - The ingredients of trustee leadership.

PMID- 964503
TI  - Our suicidal lifestyles.

PMID- 964504
TI  - The cost of injury awards.

PMID- 964505
TI  - Acupuncture re-evaluated by Canadian team.

PMID- 964506
TI  - Enquiry urges Lakeshore reorganization.

PMID- 964507
TI  - Serum proinsulin in normal and gestational diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - The concentration of proinsulin-like components (PLC) in serum has been
      determined by gel filtration on samples obtained from eight normal pregnant women
      and eight nonobese gestational diabetics. The normal women were investigated
      early in pregnancy and all subjects were investigated in mid pregnancy, late
      pregnancy, and postpartum. At each occasion, samples were obtained after an
      overnight fast and after glucose ingestion. In both groups, the concentration of
      PLC in serum after overnight fast rose with gestation as well as after glucose
      ingestion, but there were no significant differences between mean levels of PLC
      of the normals and the gestational diabetics. With gestation, serum insulin rose
      in parallel with PLC in either group. The proportion of total insulin
      immunoreactivity composed by PLC thus remained constant and, furthermore, the
      proportions of PLC in gestation were equal to those observed postpartum. Four to
      six weeks after delivery, the basal concentration of PLC in serum was higher in
      the gestational diabetics than in the normals, whereas the concentrations of
      insulin were equal. Since the biological potency of proinsulin is much less than
      that of insulin, the results exclude the possibility that the decrease of glucose
      tolerance in normal pregnant women and gestational diabetics is due to an
      increased concentration of proinsulin in serum.

PMID- 964508
TI  - Serum insulin levels in school children aged 9--12 in Westland, Holland.
AB  - In a study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 2388 school children
      aged 9--12 years carried out in Westland, Holland, serum insulin levels at one
      hour after an oral challenge of 50 g glucose were measured in a systematically
      selected subsample of 715 children. The distribution and associations of serum
      insulin in these children are described. The mean insulin values were 24.6 muU/ml
      for boys and 32.0 muU/ml for girls. The difference between these means was
      statistically significant and remained so even taking measures of adiposity into
      account. Insulin values were positively related to levels of plasma sugar and
      systolic blood pressure in both sexes.

PMID- 964509
TI  - Effects of exogenous hormones and glucose on plasma levels and hepatic metabolism
      of amino acids in the fetus and in the newborn rat.
AB  - The present study examines the role of insulin, glucagon and cortisol in the
      regulation of gluconeogenesis from lactate and amino acids in fetal and newborn
      rats. Injection of glucagon in the full-term fetal rat caused a rise in glucose
      (and insulin) and a fall in blood levels of most individual amino acids,
      stimulated hepatic accumulation of 14C-amino isobutyric acid and 14C-cycloleucine
      and increased the conversion of 14C lactate, alanine and serine to glucose in
      vivo and in vitro (liver slices). Such changes were equivalent to the changes
      seen in 4 h old newborn rats. When glucagon was administered at birth, little
      difference was observed between control and treated animals in plasma amino acids
      and a smaller increment in conversion of 14C substrate to glucose occurred. By
      contrast, insulin injection at birth caused hypoglycemia, suppression of levels
      of certain amino acids and inhibition of conversion of 14C substrates into
      glucose. Glucose injection at birth caused elevated glycemia and plasma insulin
      and suppression of most amino acid levels and of conversion of 14C substrate into
      glucose. Cortisol injection at birth caused a marked, generalized by
      hyperaminoacidemia, a stimulation of glucagon secretion and of conversion of 14C
      substrates into glucose. These observations support the thesis that glucagon
      plays a major role in the induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis and that insulin
      acts as an antagonist hormone.

PMID- 964510
TI  - Circadian variation of serum glucose, C-peptide immunoreactivity and free insulin
      normal and insulin-treated diabetic pregnant subjects.
AB  - To examine differences among pregnant diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, serum
      glucose, and immunoreactivity of C-peptide, free and total insulin were measured
      at hourly intervals during a 24--h third trimester metabolic ward evaluation. Six
      normals, three mild, and four juvenile-onset type diabetics were studied. Diets
      were identical for all subjects. Mild diabetics differed from juvenile diabetics
      by having significant residual pancreatic B-cell function, as measured by C
      peptide immunoreactivity. Short and intermediate acting insulins given once or
      twice daily to diabetics maintained serum glucose levels within the normal range
      throughout the 24 h. Despite wide variation in serum total insulin levels,
      peripheral free insulin concentrations in well-controlled diabetics fell within a
      relatively narrow range that was higher than in controls. Infants of the diabetic
      subjects were comparable to the offpsring of the control women.

PMID- 964511
TI  - Thermosensitivity of nuclear RNA polymerase during the in vitro senescence of
      mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - Embryonic mouse fibroblasts divide approximately twelve times in vitro prior to
      cessation of mitotic activity. During this period of cellular senescence the
      thermosensitivity of the RNA polymerase activity of isolated nuclei has been
      examined as a means of detecting the possible accumulation of defective enzyme
      molecules, as has been found by other workers for several cytoplasmic enzymes
      during the ageing of human fibroblasts in vitro. The total RNA polymerase
      activity of nuclei isolated from old (10th generation) cells is more
      thermoresistant than that of young (2nd generation) cells. However, the net RNA
      polymerase activity of nuclei from non-dividing (confluent) cells is more
      thermoresistant than that of exponentially growing cells of the same age. When
      allowance is made for the state of growth of the cultures, little difference is
      seens in the thermosensitivity of the activities of nuclei from old and young
      cells. Neither is there any difference between the thermosensitivity of the net
      activity of an established line of murine fibroblasts (L-cells) and cells in
      primary culture. Preheating nuclei increases the inhibition of their total RNA
      polymerase activity by alpha-amanitin, indicating that RNA polymerase II is the
      most heat resistance species present. There appears to be no difference between
      the thermosensitivity of the alpha-amanitin sensitive and resistance species of
      the enzyme in the nuclei of old and young cells. It is concluded that old cells
      resemble non-dividing young cells in containing a higher proportion of RNA
      polymerase II in their nuclei, resulting in greater thermoresistance of the total
      RNA polymerase activity over that of exponentially growing cells. However, there
      appears to be no increase in thermosensitivity of the enzymes with age.

PMID- 964512
TI  - Embryo cell surfaces--lectin binding and cell proliferation.
AB  - The interaction between chick embryo fibroblasts and various lectins has been
      studied at different stages of embryo development. There is evidence that Robinia
      lectin, Dolichos lectin, and Concanavalin A decrease cell number and proportion
      of cells incorporating [3H] thymidine in case of 8- and 10-day-old chick embryo
      fibroblasts, whereas they stimulated the proliferation of 16-day-old embryo
      cells. No effect was noticed in 12-day cells. These results suggest that some
      cell surface changes occur during embryo development. The site number of Dolichos
      lectin remains the same during embryo development, and the affinity constant
      decreases. The site number of Robinia lectin and Concanavalin A decreases from
      the 8th to the 12th day of development, and slowly increases on the 16-day cells,
      the affinity constant remaining rather constant. The results indicate that the
      age-dependent effect of lectin on embryo cells could not be directly related to
      the number of lectin-binding sites. Competitive binding experiments revealed that
      Dolichos receptor sites were distincts from binding sites of Robinia lectin and
      Concanavalin A, and Robina receptor sites distinct from those of concanavalin A.
      Lectin effects on embryo fibroblasts were very specific as determined by
      inhibitory assays.

PMID- 964513
TI  - Carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase. Base level and hormone-induced activity
      associated with events in the cell cycle.
AB  - Using HeLa TCRC-1, a cell line which is monophenotypic with respect to the Regan
      isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, we have examined the factors which influence
      its expression in relation to events of the cell cycle. DNA synthesis is not
      required for hormone induction of the Regan isoenzyme as in the presence of
      hydroxyurea, a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, we found induction to occur.
      Additionally, when partially synchronised cells were allowed to leave the S
      period prior to hormone treatment, and hydroxyurea was added to prevent cells
      from entering the next S period, hormone induction of the Regan isoenzyme was
      still observed. This indicates that initiation of expression of hormone-induced
      carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase occur prior to the DNA synthetic phase of
      the cell cycle. We propose a hypothetical two-step mechanism of hormone induction
      to interpret the present findings in relation to previous results.

PMID- 964514
TI  - Decidualisation in the prepuberal rat uterus.
AB  - Decidualisation has been experimentally induced in the prepuberal rat. It is
      morphologically similar to that obtained in the adult. The cytodifferentiation
      includes the formation of binucleated cells and extensive specialised cellular
      junctions. Furthermore, blastocysts from adults transferred into uterine horns of
      immature specimens implant and develop, indicating that the decidual response
      they induce is functionally comparable to the uterine response at the time of
      nidation in the fertilised adult. The model of the experimental decidual
      induction in the immature is used to study the ontogenic processes of uterine
      maturation. Preliminary observations indicate that the 7-10-days period might be
      of significance in the maturation of the rat uterus.

PMID- 964515
TI  - The effect of isoproterenol upon the chemical composition of plasma membranes in
      the mouse parotid gland.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol induces resting cells from
      the acini of the mouse parotid gland to enter the proliferative cycle. Parotid
      plasma membrane from non-stimulated and isoproterenol-treated mice were prepared
      by differential centrifugation of the homogenates. Comparing the chemical
      composition of plasma membranes from non-stimulated and isoproterenol-treated
      mice, no variation in the phospholipid/protein ratio was observed. However, the
      levels of neutral sugars, hexosamines and sialic acid falls drastically in the
      early prereplicative phase. The decrease in neutral sugars and hexosamines in
      plasma membranes caused by isoproterenol is imitated by pilocarpine, which
      induces secretion but little or no increase in DNA synthesis. However,
      pilocarpine does not mobilize sialic acid from the plasma membrane. Moreover,
      dosis of isoproterenol that elicits secretion but not mitosis in the acinar
      cells, does not induce the movement of sialic acid from the plasma membrane. The
      mobilization of sialic acid from plasma membranes caused by isoproterenol was
      also demonstrated in an in vitro system. Treatment of the plasma membrane with
      chloroform/methanol shows that around 60% of the sialic acid is present in the
      less polar phase. We conclude that the separation of sialic acid from the plasma
      membrane is one of the early steps in the sequence of events leading to DNA
      synthesis and cell division in the isoproterenol-stimulated parotid gland of
      mice.

PMID- 964516
TI  - Thymus-derived striated muscle clones. An ultrastructural analysis of cell
      differentiation.
AB  - Myogenic clones can be induced in thymus reticulum cultures from adult mice. We
      investigated the differentiation and maturation of myogenic cells by combined
      ultrathin section and freeze etching analyses. New insights into the development
      of cell membranes and cytoplasmic organelles will be discussed in the light of
      previous investigations of embryonic muscle cell cultures.

PMID- 964517
TI  - Mechanisms of cell interaction during primary embryonic induction studied in
      transfilter experiments.
AB  - The transmission mechanisms operative at different stages of neutralisation
      during primary embryonic induction of the newt Triturus vulgaris were studied in
      experiments employing Nuclepore filters placed between interactive tissue
      explants. The transmission time of the neuralising effect was determined with 0.2
      mum Nuclepore filter. In another series of experiments the transformation of
      neuralised ectoderm by archenteron roof mesoderm into other parts of the CNS was
      studied. Although sufficiently long induction times were used no transformation
      into hindbrain structures could be induced across filters with pore sizes from
      0.1 mum to 1.0 mum. However, electron microscopy demonstrated cytoplasmic
      penetration into 0.6 mum filters at 15 h of induction. The results speak against
      free long-range diffusion of inductive material at the stage of transformation of
      the neuralised ectoderm to more caudal parts of CSN and warrant a more detailed
      structural study of the transmission phenomenon in question.

PMID- 964518
TI  - Distribution of acid phosphatase in chick Hensen's node.
AB  - Acid phosphatase distribution and yolk drop ultrastructure in Hensen's node of
      chick blastoderm at Hamburger-Hamilton stages 3 and 4 are described. At stage 3
      large deposits of the reaction product are localised in type-A yolk drops, where
      signs of intensive degradation are seen. It seems that during this degradation
      lipid droplets are being formed in the degrading yolk drops. Partly digested yolk
      drops with a vesicular appearance are extruded from the cells, especially in
      deeper layers of the node. The phosphatase reaction product is also distributed
      into intercellular spaces. At stage 4 the cells of the node are more vacuolated
      and contain acid phosphatase and electron-dense yolk drops in lesser amounts. The
      possible physiological role of acid phosphatase in Hensen's node during
      gastrulation is discussed.

PMID- 964519
TI  - Changes in expression of fibroblast surface antigen (SFA) during
      cytodifferentiation and heterokaryon formation.
AB  - Fibroblast surface antigen (SF antigen, SFA) is a major glycoprotein antigen
      detected in connective tissue cells (primitive mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts,
      and astroglial cells). In this study the expression of SFA was followed during
      differentiation of the mesenchymal cells of the mouse metanephros and during
      heterokaryon formation produced by Sendai-virus induced fusion of human
      fibroblasts and chick red blood cells. It was demonstrated by immunofluorescence
      that SFA was lost from the kidney mesenchymal cells when they differentiate into
      epithelial cells of the secretory tubuli. During this process SFA became
      detectable in the basement membrane formed around the tubuli. In cell fusion
      experiments human SFA which was present as fibrillar network on the surface of
      cultured fibroblasts, was gradually lost from the heterokaryons when the
      incorporated chick nuclei became activated. These two sets of experiments
      indicate that SFA can be used as a phenotypic marker of cytodifferentiation.

PMID- 964520
TI  - Studies on the organisation of the chicken genome and its expression during
      myogenesis in vitro.
AB  - DNA from the chicken genome was analysed both by isopycnic centrifugation in
      cesium salt density gradients and by reassociation analysis using hydroxyapatite
      (HAP) chromatography. Centrifugation in neutral CsCl revealed a single non
      Gaussian band skewed toward the heavy side, but no discrete satellite components.
      In heavy metal (Ag+ or Hg++)-Cs2SO4 gradients, 4-8 satellite bands were revealed,
      comprising 5-9% of the total DNA. Purification of the satellites and
      recentrifugation in neutral CsCl demonstrated that 80-90% of this DNA would band
      in the shoulder, with the remainder in the main band. These satellites can
      account at most for 30% of the heavy shoulder DNA, thus most of the heavy
      shoulder DNA must be of lower repetition frequencies. Reassociation analyses of
      chicken DNA demonstrated that the complexity of the non-repetitive DNA is 9.49 X
      10(8) nucleotide pairs, equivalent to about 90% of the haploid genome. Repetitive
      DNA comprises only 8-10% of the genome and has the following composition,
      relative to total DNA: 3.7% intermediate repetitive, 1.9% highly repetitive, and
      3.9% "zero-time binding" DNA. This unusually low repetitive DNA content may be
      related to the small genome size of chickens, relative to other vertebrates, and
      to the presence of many microchromosomes in the chicken karyotype. Total cell RNA
      extracted from perfusion myoblasts, post-fusion myotubes, and myoblasts grown in
      BrdU was incubated in large excess with 3H-TdR labelled non-repetitive DNA and
      the resulting hybrids assayed by HAP chromatography. The amount of non-repetitive
      DNA represented in the RNA was found to increase from 7-8% in the myoblast stage
      to 10-11% in myotubes. An even smaller proportion, about 5%, is represented in
      the RNA of myoblasts prevented from differentiating by growth in BrdU.

PMID- 964521
TI  - [Gastroduodenal diseases in the course of lead poisoning. Statistical
      contribution].

PMID- 964522
TI  - [Changes in plasma bromsulphalein clearance induced by ethacrynic acid].

PMID- 964524
TI  - [Scientific education of the physician. I. Introduction].

PMID- 964523
TI  - [Effects of vincamine treatment on cerebral arteriosclerotic vasculopathy].

PMID- 964525
TI  - [The scientific components of the education of the physician].

PMID- 964526
TI  - [New parameters for the education of health personnel].

PMID- 964527
TI  - [Role of the laboratory in the scientific education of the physician].

PMID- 964528
TI  - [Objectives and limitations in the teaching of basic sciences in health science
      careers].

PMID- 964529
TI  - [Evaluation of the role of basic sciences in the education of the physician].

PMID- 964530
TI  - [Scientific education of the physician. VII. Conclusion].

PMID- 964531
TI  - [Side effects of the use of antibiotics. Hematological changes].

PMID- 964532
TI  - [Carcinoid of the cervix uteri. Additional observations on a new neoplastic
      entity].

PMID- 964533
TI  - [Opportunistic mycoses in hematology].

PMID- 964534
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia of genetic nature in Mexico. I. Introduction].

PMID- 964535
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia caused by membrane defects].

PMID- 964536
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia caused by enzymatic defects of rare erythrocytes].

PMID- 964537
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia caused by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency].

PMID- 964538
TI  - [Hereditary and epidemiological aspects of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase deficiency in Mexico].

PMID- 964539
TI  - [Reflections on the control of onchocerciasis in Mexico].

PMID- 964540
TI  - [Electrophysiological bases of epilepsy: limbic system and convulsive
      activities].

PMID- 964541
TI  - [Various biochemical and electrophysiological aspects of epilepsy. IV.
      Conclusions].

PMID- 964542
TI  - [Various biochemical and electrophysiological aspects of epilepsy. I.
      Introduction].

PMID- 964543
TI  - [Polyps of the colon and rectum].

PMID- 964544
TI  - [Tissue and blood basophils].

PMID- 964545
TI  - [Biochemical aspects of epilepsy].

PMID- 964546
TI  - [Effect of intraocular application of cyclophosphamide in the rabbit].

PMID- 964547
TI  - [Barrett's disease. Analysis of its morphological, diagnostic and therapeutic
      aspects in 22 cases].

PMID- 964548
TI  - Combination effect of citrinin and other chemicals on rat kidney tumorigenesis.
AB  - Histological studies were made on the nephrotoxic effect of citrinin on the
      kidneys of rats, with or without previous treatment with the nephrotoxic
      chemicals, N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) and N-nitrosodimethylamine
      (DMN). Oral administration of 0.02% or 0.05% citrinin alone caused signs of
      kidney injury but did not induce kidney tumors. On treatment with DMN alone, 8 of
      14 rats (57.1%) developed kidney tumors; two (14.3%) were renal cell tumors,
      eight (57.1%) embryonal cell tumors, and one (7.1%) hemangioendothelioma. On the
      other hand, kidney tumors developed in 18 of 19 rats (94.7%) and 13 of 15 rats
      (86.7%) by the administration of 0.02% and 0.05% citrinin, respectively, after
      DMN. The tumors in these two groups were diagnosed histologically as renal cell
      tumors in 18 (94.7%) in group IV and 13 (86.7%) in group III, and as embryonal
      cell tumors in 14 (73.7%) in group IV and 9 (60.0%) in group III. Thus, in groups
      treated with citrinin after DMN the incidence of renal cell tumors was much
      greater and the incidence of embryonal cell tumors slightly greater than in the
      group treated with DMN alone. Kidney tumors developed in 4 of 18 rats (22.2%)
      treated with 0.02% citrinin after NDPS, but treatment with NDPS alone did not
      induce kidney tumors. Thus, treatment with citrinin changes the histological type
      and incidence of kidney tumors in rats induced by DMN. Moreover, this study
      confirms that citrinin in combination with NDPS can induce kidney tumor in rats,
      which was renal cell tumor (adenoma) histologically.

PMID- 964549
TI  - In vitro transformation of newborn hamster cells induced by sodium nitrite.
AB  - The in vitro carcinogenicity of sodium nitrite was examined. Addition of a high
      concentration of sodium nitrite (50 mM or 100 mM) to mass cultures of newborn
      hamster cells for 24 hr resulted in morphological transformation of the cells.
      The shortest time required for morphological transformation after this treatment
      was 21 days. Two of 5 transformed cultures produced progressively growing tumors
      when injected into young adult hamsters. These tumors were diagnosed as
      fibrosarcomas. In two control cultures of the same experimental groups,
      transformed cells appeared 10 weeks or more later than those in treated cultures.
      The chromosomes were analysed at several stages of transformation. In the early
      stages of transformation, chromosome number varied widely from near diploid to
      tetraploid, but later they became near diploid. Morphological alteration caused
      by sodium nitrite was also seen in a short-term assay, in which hamster embryonic
      cells (1 x 10(4) cells/60 mm dish) were treated and morphology was observed 8
      days after the treatment.

PMID- 964550
TI  - Different susceptibilities of the urinary bladder epithelium of animal species to
      three nitroso compounds.
AB  - Differences in the susceptibilities of the urinary bladder epithelium of Wistar
      rats, ICR mice, Syrian golden hamsters, and Hartley guinea pigs to three N
      nitroso compounds, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, N-ethyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, and N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine, were
      examined histologically. The urinary bladder epithelium of rats was the most
      susceptible to all three compounds, and especially to N-ethyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, and bladder cancers developed in all the rats given
      this compound. The bladder epithelium of mice was less susceptible than that of
      rats but, although the incidence of cancer was lower than in rats, that of cancer
      with invasion was higher. Hamsters were far less susceptible than mice, and
      cancer developed only in 3 of 41 animals given N-ethyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Guinea pigs were the least susceptible of the 4 species
      and no tumors were found. Hisotlogically, most of the tumors induced in rats and
      mice were transtitional cell carcinomas. The incidence of undifferentiated
      carcinoma was higher in mice than in rats and cellular or structural atypism of
      the cancer was also greater in mice. Cancers induced in hamsters were all
      transitional cell carcinomas showing invasion.

PMID- 964551
TI  - Antitumor activity of degraded products of lentinan: its correlation with
      molecular weight.
AB  - Lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes, was degraded to seven
      fractions by treatment with formic acid. The low molecular-weight fractions (I
      and II) showed no antitumor activity against sarcoma-180 solid-type tumor and the
      absorption maximum of Congo Red did not shift in their presence in 0.1M sodium
      hydroxide. The medium molecular-weight fraction III, which required the increase
      of doses (5 or 10 mg/kg) for inhibition of tumor growth, caused a little shift.
      On the other hand, the absorption maximum of Congo Red shifted largely by the
      presence of high molecular-weight fractions (IV approximately VII) which showed
      the inhibition ratio of over 95% in a dose of 1 mg/kg. Participation of molecular
      weight in the antitumor activity of polysaccharides which contain (1 leads to 3)
      beta-D-glucan main chain was discussed.

PMID- 964552
TI  - Effect of plastic bead on gastric carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - Experiments were made on induction of cancer of the glandular stomach of rats by
      a combination of oral administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      (MNNG) and insertion of a plastic bead into the gastric lumen. The incidence of
      cancer with this combination of treatments was greater than by administration of
      MNNG alone. Fluoroscopic examination showed that barium sulfate remained in the
      stomach longer when a bead had been inserted into the gastric lumen. This
      indicates that after insertion of a bead, MNNG must have remained in the stomach
      longer, and so the period of exposure of the gastric mucosa to the carcinogen
      must have increased.

PMID- 964553
TI  - Effect of drug combination of antitumor activity and myelotoxicity.
AB  - Relationship between the survival time of L-1210-bearing mice and
      myelosuppression of normal mice after combination chemotherapy was studied. In a
      variety of combinations of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, and cyclophosphamide,
      a combination of cyclophosphamide and 6-thioguanine produced the highest increase
      in life span (ILS) and the highest number of 60-day survivors of all. In
      contrast, a combination of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine showed as low as
      ILS as did single agents. A combination of 6-mercaptopurine, cyclophosphamide,
      and 6-thioguanine exhibited the second best effect on survival time of leukemic
      mice. However, in myelosuppression as measured by changes in the total number of
      nucleated cells, in the number of hematopoietic colony-forming cell, and in
      peroxidase level of femoral bone-marrow, the combination of 6-mercaptopurine and
      6-thioguanine showed no more toxicity than the other 2-drug combinations. In
      addition to these findings, the presence of a striking difference in the cell
      number in ascitic fluid of leukemic mice among the animals given 6-thioguanine,
      and those given other 2- or 3-drug combinations may suggest that the difference
      in the antileukemic activity is not due to the difference in the toxicity against
      the host, but due to the difference in the activity of direct action of combined
      drugs on leukemic cells in the peritoneal cavity or in other sites.

PMID- 964554
TI  - Protective effect of mucin on experimental gastric cancer induced by N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine plus sodium chloride in rats.
AB  - Studies were made on the effect of mucin on the induction of gastric carcinomas
      by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), with or without sodium chloride,
      in male Wistar rats. Seven groups of rats were treated as follows: Group 4 was
      given continuously 50 mg MNNG/liter solution to drink and 1 ml of saturated
      sodium chloride once a week and fed on stock diet supplemented with 4% mucin.
      Group 2 was given 50 mg MNNG/liter solution and fed on stock diet supplemented
      with 4% mucin. Group 3 received 1 ml of saturated sodium chloride once a week and
      50 mg MNNG/liter solution to drink. Group 1 was treated with MNNG only. Group 5
      was fed on stock diet supplemented with 4% mucin. Group 6 was given sodium
      chloride only. Group 7 was untreated. The incidence of gastric cancer in Group 3
      was significantly higher than that in Group 4 (P less than 0.05) or in Group 1 (P
      less than 0.05). The difference in the incidence of gastric cancer in Groups 2
      and 4, and of intestinal tumors in Groups 1 to 4 were not statistically
      significant. No malignant tumors were seen in Groups 5, 6, and 7. Thus mucin
      reduced the high incidence of gastric cancer induced by MNNG and sodium chloride
      to the level induced by MNNG alone, but it had no effect on the incidence of
      intestinal tumors. The effect of mucin in preventing destruction of the gastric
      mucosal barrier by sodium chloride and so reducing the induction of gastric
      cancer is discussed.

PMID- 964555
TI  - Carcinogenic effect of N-butyl-N-nitrosourethan on CDF1 mice.
AB  - Studies were made on the induction of tumors in mice by N-butyl-N-nitro-sourethan
      (BNUR), with the following results. 1) Oral administration of 0.04% BNUR in
      deionized water to CDF1 mice for 20 weeks produced papillomas in the esophagus
      and forestomach of all 58 mice, and 24 of the mice had squamous cell carcinoma.
      2) No skin tumors developed when 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1% BNUR in acetone was painted on
      the skin on the back of CDF1 mice three times a week for 25 weeks. 3) No sarcomas
      developed within 30 weeks when a dose of 10, 60, or 120 mg/ml of BNUR in dimethyl
      sulfoxide solution was injected subcutaneously into the back of CDF1 mice, 10
      times at 1-week intervals. 4) In the in vitro malignant transformation test,
      golden hamster lung fibroblast cells did not show malignant transformation during
      an observation period of 150 days after treatment with BNUR at a final
      concentration of 30 and 60 mug/ml for 24 hr. The carcinogenicity and possible
      mode of action of BNUR are discussed on the basis of these results.

PMID- 964556
TI  - Leiomyosarcomas of the small intestine induced in dogs by N-methul-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - Leiomyosarcomas of the small intestine were found in dogs during experimental
      induction of gastric carcinoma by oral administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Leiomyosarcomas were found most frequenly in the
      duodenum and jejunum, and occasionally in the stomach but never in the ileum,
      colon, or rectum. The leiomyosarcomas developed in all the dogs given 50 mug/ml
      of MNNG in deionized water to drink but not in dogs fed on porridge food made
      from standard pellet diet mashed with MNNG at the same concentration in tap
      water. Intestinal sarcomas developed in 3 months to 5 years after the end of MNNG
      administration, and frequently metastasized to the liver and/or the peritoneum.

PMID- 964557
TI  - Mechanism of suppressive effect of basic cupric acetate on rat liver
      carcinogenesis by ethionine.
AB  - The rate of ethylation of t-RNA in vivo by L-ethionine[ethyl-1-14C] markedly
      lowered in the liver of rats fed a diet containing copper than that of control.
      In corporation of the labeled compound into the t-RNA of liver by a single
      injection. of L-ethionine[ethyl-1-14C] was inhibited as much as 50% by the
      preceding concurrent administration of copper and ethionine added in the diet to
      rats. Direct interaction of copper ion with ethylation by ethione in the specific
      t-RNA of the rat liver was examined as an important biochemical explanation in
      molecular level for the inhibitory mechanism of copper on rat liver
      carcinogenesis by ethionine. Profiles of normal t-RNA on methylated albumin
      kieselguhr column chromatography revealed three components for leucine, two of
      which were found at the tube number 40 to 50 and disappeared in the leucyl t-RNA
      treated with ethionine. The components for leucine that disappeared were
      normalized in the liver of rats by the concurrent administration of copper.

PMID- 964558
TI  - Complete regression of Ehrlich solid tumors by the combined administration of
      glucose, wheat straw hemicellulose-B, and ovoglycopeptide.
AB  - Glucose solution containing wheat straw hemicellulose-B and ovoglycopeptide (W-O
      G) has no effect on Ehrlich ascites tumors but completely regresses Ehrlich solid
      tumors. The carcinostatic effect of this mixture is lost or decreases markedly
      whenever one of the three substances is lacking. For this glucose solution to
      possess a carcinostatic effect it is necessary that this hemicellulose-B of W-O-G
      is the hydrolysate of the extract with 20% NaOH from the residue obtained after
      extraction of wheat straw with 10% NaOH.

PMID- 964559
TI  - Induction of transplantation immunity by dansylated tumor cells.
AB  - Tumor cells were coupled with fluorecent dansyl group in aqueous medium by dansyl
      chloride-cycloheptaamylose complex (CDC) without destruction of the cells.
      C57BL/6 mice and Donryu rats pretreated respectively with dansylated EL4 leukemia
      cells and with dansylated Yoshida sarcoma cells acquired transplantation immunity
      to the corresponding tumor cells. Serum and spleen cells obtained from EL4 immune
      mice showed cytotoxicity to EL4 cells but not to other allogeneic leukemia cells.
      Hapten-specific cytotoxicity of immune serum and spleen cells was not observed in
      the present immune system.

PMID- 964560
TI  - Antitumor activity of berberrubine derivatives.
AB  - The antitumor activity of berberine, berberrubine, and their derivatives against
      sarcoma-180 ascites was determined by the total packed cell volume method.
      Berbine and tetrahydroberberine derivatives had no antitumor activity, but
      berberrubine (9-demethylberberine) and the ester derivatives of berberrubine had
      a strong antitumor activity. ED90 of berberrubine, its acetate and benzoate, were
      15, 23, and 44 mg/kg, respectively. The therapeutic indices (LD10/ED90 by the
      present method) of these compounds were as follows: Berberrubine hydrochloride,
      6.7 approximately 9.4; 9-acetyl-9-demethylberberine (9-acetylberberrubine)
      chloride, 7.6 approximately 8.7; 9-benzoyl-9-demethylberberine (9
      benzoylberberrubine) chloride, 3.4 approximately 4.9.

PMID- 964561
TI  - Combined effect of cyclocytidine and lentinan of spontaneous mammary tumors in
      mice.
AB  - Cytotoxic cytidine analog, cyclocytidine, and antitumor immunopotentiator,
      lentinan, offered an opportunity of testing the effect of combined modality of
      cytocidal agent and immunopotentiator on spontaneous mammary tumors of mice.
      Lentinan did not improve the therapeutic effect of cyclocytidine; it only
      prevented the early toxic death of mice due to cyclocytidine in one strain of
      mice but not in the other strain.

PMID- 964562
TI  - Colonic perforation in Crohn's disease.
AB  - Three cases of acute, free perforation of the colon in Crohn's disease are
      described and their clinical and pathological features are detailed. Colonic
      perforation in Crohn's disease bears no definite relationship to obstruction or
      adrenocorticosteroid therapy. It may occur with or without toxic megacolon, and
      pathological study has not thus far suggested a common pathogenetic mechanism.
      Although free perforation has been considered to be extremely rare in Crohn's
      colitis, it is likely that this complication is more common than previously
      believed.

PMID- 964563
TI  - Candida esophagitis: a prospective study of 27 cases.
AB  - A prospective study of candida esophagitis was undertaken to determine the
      spectrum of this disease in a general hospital. During 1 year, in 370 consecutive
      endoscopies, 27 patients with Candida esophagitis were detected. The diagnosis
      was established by finding white plaques on endoscopy, yeast organisms on
      microscopic examination of a direct smear from the plaques, and a serum
      agglutinin titer of at least 1:160. Of these 27 patients, 14 had esophageal
      symptoms. Twelve patients were reendoscoped after nystatin or nystatin and
      flucytosine therapy. Nine patients showed absence of lesions, a negative smear,
      and disappearance of symptoms. Control patients had no plaques on endoscopy, no
      yeast organisms on microscopical examination of esophageal brushings, and a
      positive titer in 4 to 17% of cases. A minimal agglutinin titer of 1:160 was
      found in 4 to 12% of two additional groups on controls. Absence of titer
      precluded a diagnosis of Candida esophagitis.

PMID- 964564
TI  - Antral gastrin concentration in patients with vagotomy and pyloroplasty.
AB  - Antral gastrin concentration was measured in endoscopic forceps biopsy specimens
      and prepyloric mucosa in patients with vagotomy and pyloroplasty, duodenal ulcer
      patients and nonulcer patients. Antral gastrin concentration in vagotomy and
      pyloroplasty patients, 35.5 +/- 4.1 ng of gastrin per mg of tissue (mean +/-
      SEM), was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than antral gastrin
      concentration in duodenal ulcer patients, 13.0 +/- 2.4 ng per mg, and antral
      gastrin concentration in controls, 14.8 +/- 3.1 ng per mg. Basal and meal
      stimulated serum gastrin levels in vagotomy and pyloroplasty patients were also
      significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than gastrin levels in either duodenal
      ulcer patients or controls. Acid secretion rates were not significantly
      correlated with serum or antral gastrin concentrations in the patients groups.

PMID- 964565
TI  - Absorptive and digestive function of the jejunum after jejunoileal bypass for
      treatment of human obesity.
AB  - Rates of absorption of leucine, glycylleucine, and glucose, and rates of
      hydrolysis of maltose were determined in the jejunum of a group of obese persons
      before and at intervals (between 2 and 20 montsh) after jejunoileal bypass for
      the treatment of obesity. The leucine absorption rate was significantly reduced
      after the bypass, but the absorption rates of glycylleucine and glucose as well
      as the hydrolysis rate of maltose were unchanged. Light microscopic investigation
      of the jejunal mucosa, obtained by a peroral biopsy technique before and at 7
      months after by bypass operation, did not reveal any change in the histological
      appearance of this tissue. The plasma aminograms of all 7 patients were compared
      before and at intervals after the bypass operation; all exhibited a constant
      pattern of change that was characterized by significant decreases in the
      concentrations of serine and glycine and by significant decreases in the
      concentrations of valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. This
      pattern of change, which is characteristic of protein depletion, persisted during
      the entire period of observation. Two of these 7 patients developed laboratory
      evidence of hepatic dysfunction. It is concluded that (1) protein depletion is
      common to all patients with jejunoileal bypass with or without hepatic
      dysfunction; and (2) protein depletion results in a sustained reduction in free
      amino acid absorption in the jejunum.

PMID- 964566
TI  - Medical and surgical therapy in diverticular disease: a comparative study.
AB  - The course of 132 patients with documented acute diverticulitis was analyzed: 99
      patients treated medically and 33 patients treated surgically were followed for
      an average of 9.2 years. Seventy-three per cent of the medical group and 79% of
      the surgical group had no further symptoms or hospital admissions as a result of
      their diverticular disease once they were recovered from the acute episode. For
      three-quarters of the patients, therefore, acute diverticulitis occurred as a
      single episode that responded to either medical or surgical management.
      Considering the morbidity and cost to the patient, the treatment of the patient
      recovered from acute diverticulitis should be medical, with operation reserved
      for complications.

PMID- 964567
TI  - Effect of caffeine on the human small intestine.
AB  - Methylxanthines produce intracellular accumulation of cyclic 3'5'-AMP (cAMP) by
      inhibition of phosphodiesterase and mucosal cAMP accumulation. Cyclic AMP is
      thought to mediate small intestinal secretion caused by some enterotoxins,
      hormones, and methylxanthines. These studies were designed to evaluate the effect
      of caffeine on small intestinal net fluid movement and transit times. The
      administration of caffeine in amounts ordinarily contained in many beverages and
      medications (75 to 300 mg) resulted in striking net secretion in the jejunum
      which lasted at least 15 minutes. This occurred in six of seven studies. Baseline
      net absorption of 0.5 ml per cm per hr was reversed to net secretion of 6.0 +/-
      2.2 ml per cm per hr after oral caffeine ingestion (P less than 0.01). Net
      secretion also occurred in the ileum in seven of eight studies, but the onset of
      secretion appeared 35 min later than in the jejunum. These patterns of secretion
      correlated best with the passage of the intestinal bolus of caffeine rather than
      plasma caffeine levels. In contrast to other net secretory conditions, which
      increase the speed of transit, small intestinal transit times, as determined by
      dye dilution methods, were unchanged by caffeine. It is possible that
      methylxanthine-induced small intestinal secretion may play a role in the symptoms
      experienced by some patients with functional diarrhea.

PMID- 964568
TI  - Effect of intestinal hormones and peptides on intragastric pressure in dogs.
AB  - Intragastric pressure was measured in dogs with gastric fistulas by using a
      flaccid balloon containing 500 ml of water. Intravenous infusion of
      cholecystokinin (20% pure), the carboxyl-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin,
      secretin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide produced dose-related decreases in
      intragastric pressure with maximal decreases of 40% or more. Glucagon and gastric
      inhibitory peptide produced smaller decreases in intragastric pressure. Motilin
      caused a dose-related increase in intragastric pressure that lasted only about 7
      min despite continuing infusion of the peptide. The half-dose of cholecystokinin
      or of octapeptide of cholecystokinin for pancreatic protein secretion and the
      half-dose of secretin for pancreatic bicarbonate secretion each produced
      significant inhibition of intragastric pressure, suggesting that these hormones
      play a physiological reole in regulating gastric pressure.

PMID- 964569
TI  - Maturation and differentiation of cultured fetal stomach. Effects of
      corticosteroids, pentagastrin, and cytochalasin B.
AB  - Gastric mucosa of fetal rats undergoes striking developmental changes during the
      last few days of gestation in utero. To investigate some aspects of this process,
      gastric explants from 18-day fetuses (4 days before birth) were maintained in
      organ culture for 3 days, then assessed by light and electron microscopy. The
      epithelia from base line uncultured stomachs were stratified and morphologically
      undifferentiated. During culture in basic medium (Leibovitz L 15), modest
      maturation of antral and fundic architecture occurred, characterized by
      epithelial invagination to produce small pit-glands. Secretory granules appeared
      in occasional epithelial cells, and cytochemistry indicated that most were mucous
      granules. Addition of pentagastrin (10(-9) to 2 X 10(-7) M) did not induce
      further morphological maturation in this system. However, addition of cortisol
      (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) resulted in a marked, dose-related increase of pit-gland
      formation and of cytological differentiation (appearance of secretory granules).
      This cortisol-induced architectural maturation was completely inhibited by the
      mold metabolite cytochalasin B (10(-5) M). The results indicate that fetal
      gastric maturation can be partially reproduced by culture in chemically defined
      media, and also suggest that corticosteroids may plan an important role in
      gastric organogenesis.

PMID- 964570
TI  - The effect of ischemic villus cell damage on crypt cell proliferation in the
      small intestine: evidence for a feedback control mechanism.
AB  - In recent years the hypothesis that the number of villus cells regulates crypt
      cell proliferation in the epithelium of the small intestine has been brought
      forward by a number of investigators. To test this hypothesis, the villus cell
      population was reduced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and vein in
      rats for 1 hr and the effects on the intestinal epithelium were studied during
      the first 24 hr. It was shown that temporary interruption of the blood flow to
      the small intestine led to a marked decrease in the number of functional villus
      cells within 2 hr; preferentially, cells from the upper part of the villus were
      lost and the number of crypt cells was not affected. This reduction in the number
      of villus cells led to an increase in the percentage of labeled crypt cells after
      pulse labeling with [3H]thymidine, and an expansion of the proliferative cell
      compartment in the crypt. After a peak of proliferative activity at 16 hr, the
      investigated crypt cell kinetic parameters approached control values after 24 hr,
      as did the number of villus cells. The enzyme activities of nonspecific esterase
      and neutral alpha-glucosidase showed marked decreases in isolated crypt and
      villus cell compartments as crypt cell proliferation increased. These data
      support the view that the feedback control of crypt cell proliferation by the
      functional villus cells, and confirm earlier data on the influence of changing
      cell kinetics on crypt cell maturation. Additional data which were obtained after
      creating temporary ischemia in part of the small intestine support the hypothesis
      of a feedback control of crypt cell proliferation by the functional villus cells,
      and confirm earlier data on the influence of changing cell kinetics on crypt cell
      maturation. Additional data which were obtained after creating temporary ischemia
      in part of the small intestine support the view that the feedback control of
      proliferation by the villus cells is a local control mechanism.

PMID- 964571
TI  - Post-transfusion chronic liver disease.
AB  - To document the sequelae of acute hepatitis among recipients of commercial and
      volunteer blood and to assess factors influencing the development of chronic
      hepatitis (CH), 47 patients with post-transfusion hepatitis were followed
      prospectively from the time they received their transfusions. Twenty-nine had
      prolongation of at least 2-fold serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (T)
      elevations for more than 20 weeks, and were classified as CH. When the patients
      with CH were compared to those with only acute hepatitis (abnormal T for less
      that 20 weeks), no difference was found with respect to age, sex, number of units
      transfused, incubation period, presence or absence of symptoms, occurrence of
      jaundice, maximum T, receipt or development of hepatitis B surface antigen or
      antibody, underlying illness, or area of the hospital where the patient was
      treated. Liver biopsies in 15 of the 29 revealed chronic-active hepatitis in 9,
      chronic persistent hepatitis in 2, unresolved hepatitis in 4. Five of the 9
      patients with chronic active hepatitis were without symptoms. None of these died
      or have developed cirrhosis. Because chronic liver disease frequently developed
      after acute post-transfusion hepatitis among multiply transfused hepatitis B
      surface antigen negative blood recipients, close follow-up, including liver
      biopsy, is warranted in such patients with prolonged transaminase elevations.

PMID- 964572
TI  - Kinetics of [14C]cholic acid in fulminant hepatic failure: a prognostic test.
AB  - The kinetics of intravenously injected [14C]cholic acid have been investigated in
      14 patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 24 to 36 hr after the development of
      grade IV encephalopathy. Radioactivity was measured in plasma samples and in the
      individual plasma bile acid fractions after separation by thin layer
      chromatography. Plasma disappearance curves of the free [14C]cholic acid were
      calculated by an iterative nonlinear least squares fitting procedure using a
      computer. The disappearance of total plasma radioactivity was similar in all
      patients and greatly prolonged compared with healthy subjects. However, the
      plasma disappearance of free [14C]cholic acid was significantly faster in the 8
      patients who recovered consciousness than in the 6 who did not. Plasma
      disappearance of free [14C]cholic acid correlated highly significantly with the
      proportion of conjugated [14C]cholate in plasma. All patients in whom more than
      70% of plasma radioactivity was in the conjugated fraction 3 hr after injection
      survived and left hospital, whereas all of those in whom less than 55% was
      conjugated died. Measuring the percentage conjugation of [14C]cholate 3 hr after
      injection may therefore be a useful test of residual liver function in hepatic
      failure, as a guide to prognosis and in evaluating new forms of treatment.

PMID- 964573
TI  - Lincomycin-induced cholecystitis and gallstones in guinea pigs.
AB  - Guinea pigs given lincomycin 60 mg per kg per day showed a striking increase in
      the renewal of epithelial cells in the gallbladder. This was detectable after
      only 24 hr of treatment. By 48 hr a precipitate consisting predominantly of
      calcium and bilirubin had formed in the gallbladder. Gallbladder bile
      glycoprotein concentrations rose progressively. At 8 days epithelial dysplasia
      was marked. Treatment was discontinued at 9 days. The guinea pigs that survived
      beyond 34 days showed that new tubuloalveolar glands had formed focally in the
      body and fundus of the gallbladder. Multiple calcium-containing stones were
      present. The failure to culture bacteria from bile, the failure of the bile salt
      pattern to change, and the progressive nature of the epithelial injury suggested
      that the changes resulted from a direct toxic effect and were not dependent on
      the antibiotic activity of this drug. It was concluded that damage to the
      epithelium of the gallbladder preceded the formation of a precipitate and
      initiated histological changes which culminated, at the time that the precipitate
      became organized into stones, in impressive glandular metaplasia.

PMID- 964574
TI  - Evaluation in dogs of cross-circulation in the treatment of acute hepatic
      necrosis induced by yellow phosphorus.
AB  - The efficacy of cross-circulation in the treatment of acute liver failure has
      been evaluated in dogs. Four of 5 dogs administered a dose of yellow phosphorus
      that is lethal 90% of the time survived after treatment by cross-circulation of
      whole blood for between 1 and 8 hr with a normal dog. In 2 normal unmatched dogs
      plasma cross-circulations were performed over a period of 31 days without any
      clinical or laboratory manifestation of hypersensitivity except for
      lymphocytotoxic antibody titer rise. The results suggest that whole blood cross
      circulation is effective and imply that a single donor could be utilized for
      prolonged periods of plasma cross-circulation with avoidance of immunological
      consequences of whole blood exchange.

PMID- 964575
TI  - Radioautographic observations of a 19-month-old ileal conduit.
AB  - The influence of an altered environment of the cellular kinetics and histological
      appearance of ileal mucosa used as a urinary bladder was investigated in a
      patient with a conduit of 1 year and 7 months' duration. After injection of 10 mc
      of 3H-TdR, multiple biopsies were taken spanning a 3-day period. No increase in
      inflammatory cell numbers was seen and villous atrophy was minimal. A generation
      time or total cell cycle time of 36 hr was observed, with a G1 phase of 22 hr and
      an S phase of 11 hr. At 1 hr 2.4 3H-TdR-labeled cells per crypt column and a
      mitotic index of 1.4% were obtained. The complet labeled mitosis curve obtained
      on the epithelial cells of the 19-month-old ileal conduit mucosa demonstrated a
      retention of the kinetics and histological characteristics of normal ileal
      mucosa, contrary to previously documented findings.

PMID- 964576
TI  - Congenital hepatic fibrosis with dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts. A
      therapeutic approach.
AB  - A case of congenital hepatic fibrosis with dilation of the intrahepatic ducts is
      presented. External drainage and lavage of the biliary tract through a prosthetic
      "Y" tube and internal drainage accomplished by a Roux en-Y cholangiojejunostomy
      resulted in prevention of the patient's recurrent bouts of cholangitis and
      sepsis. Surgical therapy for recurrent cholangitis in this disease is reviewed.

PMID- 964577
TI  - Acute suppurative cholangitis secondary to calcific pancreatitis.
AB  - In the absence of calculi or carcinoma, the occurrence of acute suppurative
      cholangitis secondary to calcific pancreatitis is extremely rare. This report
      describes the successful management of acute suppurative cholangitis by surgical
      decompression and use of a new aminoglycoside, amikacin.

PMID- 964578
TI  - The productivity of training centers.

PMID- 964579
TI  - The diagnosis of early gastric cancer. A survey of experience in the United
      States.

PMID- 964580
TI  - Endoscopic transgastric lymphangiography in the canine stomach: a preliminary
      report of a new technique.

PMID- 964581
TI  - Experimental electrocoagulation of dog esophageal and duodenal mucosa.

PMID- 964582
TI  - Lift and cut biopsy technique for submucosal sampling.

PMID- 964583
TI  - Does bacteremia follow colonoscopy? II. Results with blood cultures obtained 5,
      10, and 15 minutes after colonoscopy.

PMID- 964584
TI  - Bacteremia during colonoscopy.

PMID- 964585
TI  - Bacteremia and fiberoptic endoscopy.

PMID- 964586
TI  - Melanosis duodeni.

PMID- 964587
TI  - Adenocarcinoma occurring in a hyperplastic gastric polyp. Removal by
      electrosurgical polypectomy.

PMID- 964588
TI  - A cutaneous and plevic lymphangioma with varices, lymphangiomas and capillary
      hemangiomas of the rectosigmoid colon.

PMID- 964589
TI  - Explosion of hydrogen gas in the colon during proctosigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 964590
TI  - An endoscopic view of mucocele of the appendix.

PMID- 964591
TI  - Primary asymptomatic appendiceal intussusception: a colonoscopic view.

PMID- 964592
TI  - Editorial: Early gastric cancer.

PMID- 964593
TI  - Dimensions of adolescent psychopathology and their prognostic significance for
      treatment outcome.
AB  - The mothers of 87 male and female adolescents accepted at a counseling agency
      described their offspring by completing the Institute of Juvenile Research
      Behavior Checklist. A factor analysis of the initial data yielded nine symptom
      factors. These were used in combination with selected demographic variables, to
      compare the 54 continuers in treatment with the 22 early defectors and the 18
      cases improved after a year of a full course of treatment with the 16 unimproved
      cases. Both discriminant function analyses indicated that the groups could be
      successfully differentiated; however, variables most predictive of continuance in
      treatment were not most predictive of a successful outcome.

PMID- 964594
TI  - Accelerated conservation acquisition and IQ gains by blind children.
AB  - Because blind chidlren are retarded in the attainment of substance conservation
      and other Piagetial concepts, it was hypothesized that a learning set training
      procedure which incorporated both substance conservation and subordinate concepts
      might accelerate the acquisition of substance conservation itself and promote
      generalization to weight conservation scores and IQ. To test the hypotheses, 28
      blind children aged 8 to 13 (IQ range 62 to 131) were divided into two groups.
      Their visual capacities ranged from 20/500 in the best eye to total congenital
      blindness and etiologies were varied, but consisted primarily of cataracts and
      glaucoma. All children were pretested and posttested on Slosson's Intelligence
      Test, 40 substance conservation tasks, and 20 weight conservation tasks, which
      involved both continuous and discontinuous substance and included almost all
      those found in the literature prior to 1970. A lengthy learning set procedure
      employing everyday household objects was then used to teach the experimental
      children conceptual skills that are prerequisites to substance conservation.
      Finally the learning set procedure was used to teach the concept of substance
      conservation itself to the children. The trained group exhibited significantly
      increased substance and weight conservation scores and IQs (all ps less than
      .005). The control group, which had spent matched periods of time in intellectual
      enrichment activities failed to improve significantly on any of the dependent
      variables. The research suggests that acceleration of the development of
      Piagetian concepts may be profitable enterprise in the case of blind children.

PMID- 964595
TI  - Recognizing congenital pyloric mucosal diaphragm in the elderly.

PMID- 964596
TI  - Gerontology's educational profile.

PMID- 964597
TI  - Ten social service programs that really work.

PMID- 964598
TI  - Transmitting health education to the elderly via cable television.

PMID- 964599
TI  - What nutritional deprivation experiments reveal about aging.

PMID- 964600
TI  - Pitfalls to avoid in diagnosing diabetes in elderly patients.

PMID- 964601
TI  - Ocular symptoms and signs of diabetes.

PMID- 964602
TI  - Controlling diabetes with diet and oral hypoglycemic agents.

PMID- 964603
TI  - When and how to use insulin in the elderly diabetic.

PMID- 964604
TI  - How to evaluate and treat lower extremity ischemia in the diabetic.

PMID- 964605
TI  - Teaching commonsense health care habits to diabetic patients.

PMID- 964606
TI  - [Volume-current regulation in the ducts and on the ventilator].

PMID- 964607
TI  - [Economic ventilation device with the super heat-conduction tube].

PMID- 964608
TI  - [Economic energy supply--heating surfaces in the building].

PMID- 964609
TI  - [Drainage of high-rise building].

PMID- 964610
TI  - [Hygienic justification for the possible utilization of underground percolation
      fields for the purification of the sewage from veterinary institutions].

PMID- 964611
TI  - [Some characteristics of the microclimate formation in enclosed sports structures
      during training exercises].

PMID- 964612
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of radio engineering means of mass information].

PMID- 964613
TI  - [Assessment of the toxic effect of trichlorethylene by morphological and some
      biochemical indices].

PMID- 964614
TI  - [Embryotropic action of barium fluoride].

PMID- 964615
TI  - [Rinsability of some surface-active substances in cleaning tableware].

PMID- 964616
TI  - [Solubility of some thorium-containing substances in media imitating
      physiological fluids].

PMID- 964617
TI  - [Study of the effect of the herbicide 2,4-DM on the pregnant body, embryonic
      development on gonadal function in white rats].

PMID- 964618
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the ventilation of work areas exposed to infrared
      irradiation and high environmental air temperature].

PMID- 964619
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of the protection of water resources in light of the decision
      of the Central Committee of the CPSU and of the Council of Ministers of the USSR
      on "Measures for averting pollution of the Volga and Ural river basin by
      unpurified sewage"].

PMID- 964620
TI  - [Results of and prospects for the hygienic study of polymeric materials used in
      construction, the food industry and in the home].

PMID- 964621
TI  - [Data on the toxicological and hygienic characteristics of the carbamate group
      pesticide, benlate].

PMID- 964622
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the work capacity of medical institute students].

PMID- 964623
TI  - [Functional state of the nervous system of students in a secondary vocational and
      technical school in relation to differences in the teaching regimen].

PMID- 964624
TI  - [Acceleration in the physical development of the schoolchildren of the city of
      Kamenets-Podol'skiy from 1912 to 1973].

PMID- 964625
TI  - [Preventive and curative role of C, P and B group (B1, B2, PP, B6 and folic acid)
      vitamins in radiation sickness].

PMID- 964626
TI  - [Passage of uranium-radium series isotopes into the grain of some agricultural
      crops].

PMID- 964627
TI  - [Hygienic education and training of those working with poisonous chemicals in
      USSR agriculture].

PMID- 964628
TI  - [Chemiluminescent determination of nitric oxide in the atmosphere].

PMID- 964629
TI  - [Spectrographic method of determining nickel in biological materials].

PMID- 964630
TI  - [Use of a new type of membrane filters for isolating Salmonella from the water of
      surface reservoirs].

PMID- 964631
TI  - [Determination of the optical bleaches based on stilbene derivatives].

PMID- 964632
TI  - [Determination of shale tar phenols in soil and in plant material].

PMID- 964633
TI  - [Some methodological approaches to the study of the toxic properties of
      cyanacrylic series polymers used as medicinal glues].

PMID- 964634
TI  - [Comment on the article by A. V. Tsessarskii and V. A. Mikheev on "The
      organization of the sanitary inspection of the working conditions of builders in
      a large city"].

PMID- 964635
TI  - [Cervix uteri amputation in the treatment of the situ carcinoma. Results obtained
      in 140 patients followed up and controlled in the past 10 years in the "Enrique
      Cabrera" General Teaching Hospital].

PMID- 964636
TI  - [2d pregnancy in 2 patients with intracardiac prosthesis].

PMID- 964637
TI  - [Mammary glands. Clinical examination].

PMID- 964638
TI  - [Medico-social problem of sustained estrogenism].

PMID- 964639
TI  - [Renal biopsy in pregnancy toxemias].

PMID- 964640
TI  - [Appearance and regression of the so-called acquired erosion of the uterine
      cervix in the light of present-day theories].

PMID- 964641
TI  - [Antigenicity of the trophoblast in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. II].

PMID- 964642
TI  - [Morphological changes in the basal plates of the placenta in the delivery of low
      weight fetuses].

PMID- 964643
TI  - [Pattern of amniotic fluid proteins in the course of the 1st trimester in normal
      gestation].

PMID- 964644
TI  - [Ultrasonographic placentography].

PMID- 964645
TI  - [Value of cytohormonal smears and the Insler scale in the monitoring of ovulation
      in women treated with clomiphene citrate for functional sterility].

PMID- 964646
TI  - [Remote results of treatment of uterine erosion by means of electrocoagulation].

PMID- 964647
TI  - [Chronic inflammatory states as a pathogenic factor in the development of vulvar
      cancer in young women].

PMID- 964648
TI  - [Congenital adrenogenital syndrome in 2 sisters].

PMID- 964649
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of Lexir (pentazocine) as an obstetrical anesthetic].

PMID- 964650
TI  - [Changes in some metabolic pathways in women ingesting progestagens as
      contraceptives].

PMID- 964651
TI  - [Aerosol-perfusion scanning in the evaluation of pulmonary ventilation and blood
      flow in patients with cancer and chronic inflammatory lung diseases].

PMID- 964652
TI  - [Case of absence of vena cava inferior].

PMID- 964653
TI  - [Mitral commissurotomy in a patient with complete inversion of the organs].

PMID- 964654
TI  - [Case of rare location of coelomic cyst of the pericardium associated with
      pulmonary hypoplasia].

PMID- 964655
TI  - [2 cases of endobronchial lipoma].

PMID- 964656
TI  - [Giant fibroma of the lung].

PMID- 964657
TI  - [Primary cyst of the thymus gland].

PMID- 964658
TI  - [Differentiated teratoma of the diaphragm].

PMID- 964659
TI  - [2 cases of extraabdominal desmoids].

PMID- 964660
TI  - [Surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis developed after alloplasty].

PMID- 964661
TI  - [Endarterectomy in reconstructive surgery of the coronary arteries].

PMID- 964662
TI  - [Interventricular septal defect with tricuspid valve insufficiency].

PMID- 964663
TI  - [Thrombosis of the left atrium in rheumatic heart disease].

PMID- 964664
TI  - [Correction of interventricular septal defect in young children under conditions
      of deep hypothermia].

PMID- 964665
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of multivalvular defects in adolescents (clinico
      roentgenological study)].

PMID- 964666
TI  - [Surgical treatment of constrictive uremic pericarditis].

PMID- 964667
TI  - [Effect of pulmonary hypertension on the prognosis of the outcome of correction
      of mitral stenosis].

PMID- 964668
TI  - [Radioisotope scanning of the lungs in tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 964669
TI  - [Thoracoscopy and thoracocautery in bullous lung disease complicated by
      pneumothorax].

PMID- 964670
TI  - [Intrapulmonary form of staphylococcal destruction of the lungs in children].

PMID- 964671
TI  - [Surgical tactics in complications of destructive and caseous-necrotic forms of
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 964672
TI  - [Staphylococcal destruction of the lungs in adults].

PMID- 964673
TI  - [Simultaneous bilateral lung resection with a trans-sternal approach].

PMID- 964674
TI  - [Changes in pleural exudate in bronchial stump insufficiency before and after is
      occlusion].

PMID- 964675
TI  - [Management of the pleural cavity after pneumonectomy in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 964676
TI  - [Importance of a complex bronchological examination of patients with reactivation
      of tuberculosis after lung resection].

PMID- 964677
TI  - [Malignant tumors of the pleura in the post-pneumothoracic cavities].

PMID- 964678
TI  - [Remote results of treatment of congenital localized pulmonary emphysema in
      children].

PMID- 964679
TI  - [Clinico-functional and morphological data on the state of the solitary lung
      after pneumonectomy].

PMID- 964680
TI  - Factor VII levels as a guide to prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - Levels of clotting factors II, V, and VII were measured on admission and then
      daily in 12 patients with grade IV hepatic coma due to fulminant hepatic failure.
      Factor VII levels obtained within 36 hours of the development of grade IV coma
      were not of value in predicting which patients would subsequently recover
      consciousness. Four of the latter group had levels below 9% at this time while
      the levels in three of the seven fatal cases were higher. Serial determinations
      were of more value and levels rose rapidly in those patients who ultimately made
      a complete recovery.

PMID- 964681
TI  - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: a rational approach to treatment.
AB  - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in a 3 year old child has been
      successfully treated by ligation of the hepatic artery branches supplying the
      lesion. The prominence of the abnormal vasculature in the lesion and its possible
      aetiological involvement is stressed. Because of the risks of partial
      hepatectomy, hepatic artery ligation is suggested as the treatment of choice for
      focal nodular hyperplasia.

PMID- 964682
TI  - Abnormalities of sodium excretion and other disorders of renal function in
      fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - Renal function was evaluated in 40 patients with fulminant hepatic failure, They
      were divided into two groups on the basis of glomerular filtration rates greater
      than 40 ml/min or less than 25 ml/min. A number of patients in group 1 had
      markedly abnormal renal retention of sodium together with a reduced free water
      clearance and low potassium excretion which could be explained by increased
      proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium. The patients in group 2 had evidence
      that renal tubular integrity was maintained when the glomerular filtration rate
      was greater than or equal ml/min (functional renal failure), but evidence of
      tubular damage was present when this was less than 3 ml/min (acute tubular
      necrosis).

PMID- 964683
TI  - Intestinal perfusion studies in tropical sprue. 1. Amino acid and dipeptide
      absorption.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of glycine 20 mmol/1, glycyl-glycine 10 mmol/1 plus L
      leucine 10 mmol/1, and glycyl-L-leucine 10 mmol/1 has been studied by intestinal
      perfusion in 11 patients with tropical sprue and 10 control subjects. The
      patients with sprue had a significant reduction in the rate of absorption of
      glycine from a 20 mmol/1 solution, but there were no significant differences in
      the absorption of the other substances. The failure to demonstrate any difference
      in the absorption of these substances is probably related to their low
      concentration relative to the maximum absorptive capacity of the intestine. In
      both groups of subjects the kinetic advantage of glycyl-glycine absorption as
      compared with glycine absorption was maintained. When the dipeptides were
      perfused, free amino acids appeared in the perfusate presumably by "back
      diffusion" from the mucosal cells. In the case of glycyl-L-leucine considerably
      more glycine and leucine were found in the perfusate in patients with sprue than
      in the control subjects. There was no correlation between peptide absorption and
      the concentration of total glycly-glycine hydrolase and glycyl-L-leucine
      hydrolase, measured as combined brush border and cytosol enzymes. The
      concentrations of these enzymes were similar in both groups of subjects.

PMID- 964684
TI  - Permeability of the small intestine after intra-arterial injection of histamine
      type mediators and irradiation.
AB  - Permeability and selectivity of rabbit small intestine were estimated by a
      perfusion technique after intra-arterial injection of histamine-type mediators
      and intestinal irradiation. It was shown that the histamine-type mediators caused
      an increase in capillary permeability which produced an overall moderate increase
      in transmucosal permeability with a moderate loss of selectivity. Local
      intestinal irradiation caused a very marked increase in permeability and a
      profound loss of selectivity. It was felt that this was produced partly by an
      increase in capillary permeability but largely by damage to the epithelial
      basement membrane. It is concluded that the intestinal capillary endothelium is
      both rate-limiting and selective, though not to a major degree in either case.
      The epithelial basement membrane, however, appears to be both rate-limiting and
      markedly selective.

PMID- 964685
TI  - Influence of staphylococcal enterotoxin on water and electrolyte transport in the
      small intestine.
AB  - The direct and indirect effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and C on the
      flux of water, sodium, and potassium have been studied in paired Thiry Vella
      fistulae in dogs. Administration of toxin resulted in a significant decrease in
      absorption, both in the loop to which the toxin had been administered and its
      pair. This decrease in absorption was associated with a decrease in movement out
      of the lumen, movement into the lumen remaining relatively unchanged. The
      mechanism of action of staphylococcal enterotoxins is discussed, and comparisons
      made with other enterotoxins.

PMID- 964686
TI  - Effect of gastrin on gastric mucosal cell proliferation in man.
AB  - The effect of short-term infusion of a large dose of pentagastrin and a small
      dose of synthetic human gastrin I (SHG) on the rate of cell proliferation in
      gastric mucosa was studied in normal human subjects. Moreover, the kinetic
      parameters were compared with the serum gastrin concentrations in fasting
      patients. Endoscopic biopsies were labelled in vitro with 3H-thymidine and
      autoradiographs were prepared. The percentage of DNA-synthesising cells in the
      progenitor cell region was estimated. In healthy volunteers infusion of a large
      dose of pentagastrin (10 mug/kg per hour) was followed by a marked increase in
      the labelling index in fundic mucosa. The antral mucosa was not responsive to
      this effect. In the same subjects, infusion of a low dose of SHG (8 ng/kg per
      min) did not affect the rate of cell proliferation, either in fundic or in antral
      mucosa. In 46 patients with different gastric diseases no correlation between the
      serum gastrin concentrations and the labelling indices was found. The results
      suggest that human fundic mucosa is responsive to a trophic action of
      pentagastrin. If it exists, however, a physiological action of gastrin as a
      trophic hormone for human gastric mucosa must be considerably more complex than
      previously believed.

PMID- 964687
TI  - Gastric emptying in control subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer before and
      after vagotomy.
AB  - The emptying of a solid meal labelled with Indium 113mDTPA from the stomach was
      studied with a gamma camera in 26 normal subjects, 27 patients with duodenal
      ulcer, on 41 occasions after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty and 38 times after
      highly selective vagotomy. Applying the method of principal component analysis to
      the results, differences were detected between control and duodenal ulcer
      subjects and two probable subgroups of duodenal ulcer were observed. Half
      emptying times did not reveal these patterns. After vagotomy, delayed emptying
      was general at one week. At one month, patients after highly selective vagotomy
      had a more normal result than those with truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV),
      but by six months no significant difference in overall emptying rate was found,
      although changes in the pattern of gastric emptying persisted in some patients
      after TV.

PMID- 964688
TI  - Gastric morphology and serum gastrin levels in pernicious anaemia.
AB  - Mucosal biopsies from multiple sites in the stomachs of 21 patients with
      pernicious anaemia have been examined. The histological changes almost always
      involved the entire gastric mucosa, including that of the pyloric antrum.
      Metaplastic changes were almost universal and consisted of intestinal metaplasia
      in the body and antrum and pyloric metaplasia in the body. The severity of the
      pyloric metaplasia was such as to make the distinction between body and antrum on
      biopsy impossible. No relationship was found between serum gastrin activity and
      the histological appearances of the gastric antrum or body.

PMID- 964689
TI  - Tissue demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - An immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate carcinoembryonic antigen
      (CEA) in sections of proctocolectomy specimens from nine cases of ulcerative
      colitis in some of which carcinoma and premalignant change had developed.
      Carcinoma and premalignant change stained positively for CEA in contrast with
      benign mucosa, whether or not inflammatory dysplasia was present.

PMID- 964690
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: its metastatic lymph node potential. A
      preliminary report.

PMID- 964691
TI  - The difficulties of complete pelvic lymph node dissection in radical hysterectomy
      for carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 964692
TI  - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Nigerian Igbos.

PMID- 964693
TI  - Verrucous carcinoma of the female genital tract.

PMID- 964694
TI  - Comparison of the FIGO and TNM staging systems for uterine cervix cancer based on
      classification of 6193 cases.

PMID- 964695
TI  - Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for the management of early
      invasive cancer of the cervix.

PMID- 964696
TI  - The narrow vagina, the antecedent for irradiation injury.

PMID- 964697
TI  - Intravenous chemotherapy with concurrent peritioneal dialysis: continued
      treatment of ovarian carcinoma after drug toxicity.

PMID- 964698
TI  - The occurrence of metastasis outside the abdomen and retroperitoneal space in
      invasive carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 964699
TI  - Free serum amino acids in patients with advanced cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 964700
TI  - Papillary serous tumors of the ovary: an electron microscopic study.

PMID- 964701
TI  - Zinc sulfate: an adjuvant to wound healing in patients undergoing radical
      vulvectomy.

PMID- 964702
TI  - Cancer and dysplasia of the post-hysterectomy vaginal cuff.

PMID- 964703
TI  - Case report: sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary.

PMID- 964704
TI  - Endobronchial metastases from cervical cancer: a case report.

PMID- 964705
TI  - [Long-term remission in advanced stages of lymphogranulomatosis following
      combined chemotherapy using a modified de Vita system].

PMID- 964706
TI  - [Radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 964707
TI  - [Immunochemical and immunocytological findings in non-Hodgkin's-lymphomas].

PMID- 964708
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 964709
TI  - [Significance of depletion methods in the therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas].

PMID- 964710
TI  - [Radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas].

PMID- 964711
TI  - [Activation of the immune system and remission period in malignant lymphomas].

PMID- 964712
TI  - [Proliferation and growth of lymphatic cell population in malignant lymphomas].

PMID- 964713
TI  - [Early stages of plasmacytoma].

PMID- 964714
TI  - [Results of plasmacytoma therapy of ALGB (acute leukemia group B)].

PMID- 964715
TI  - [Results of plasmacytoma therapy].

PMID- 964716
TI  - [Ultrastructure of malignant lymphomas].

PMID- 964717
TI  - [Histologic classification and pathologic anatomy of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 964718
TI  - [Explorative laparotomy and splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 964719
TI  - [Chemotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 964720
TI  - Cell contacts and distribution of nerves in the smooth muscle of estrogen
      dominated rabbit oviduct.
AB  - The types of cell-to-cell contacts and the relationship between the nerve endings
      and the smooth muscle of the estrogen-treated rabbit oviduct have been
      investigated. The cell contacts most consistently found in the oviduct were
      simple appositions, with a 20-nm cell separation, which occasionally included a
      more dense region, and interdigitations of muscle cell processes with the same
      separation distances. Very rarely, wider intermediate contacts were present. Gap
      junctions (nexuses) were absent. It seems likely that simple appositions and
      interdigitations form the low resistance pathway for conduction of electrical
      activity. Nerves containing small dense-cored vesicles were present both within
      and near muscle bundles; they were rarely found close to smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 964721
TI  - Bulk flows through human fetal membranes.
AB  - Bulk water flows across term human amnio-chorion are studied in vitro. The
      hydrodynamic permeability is found to vary with both hydrostatic and osmotic
      pressure. The coefficient characterizing flows generated by hydrostatic pressure
      is substantially larger than that characterizing osmotic flows. The measurements
      are utilised to predict in vivo bulk flows across the amnio-chorion. These lead
      to the prediction that at most a flux of 34-83 ml/day may occur across amnio
      chorion directed outwards from the amniotic cavity, the principal contribution to
      this arising from the effects of hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 964722
TI  - Permeability of chorion laeve to succinylcholine in vitro.
AB  - The simultaneous diffusion of 14C-succinylcholine and p-amino hippurate across
      human placental tissue in vitro was measured. Column chromatographic purification
      of the radioactivity followed by paper chromatographic analysis showed little
      alteration of the succinylcholine during the course of these experiments. Similar
      chloroform-buffer partition coefficients for the two solutes were measured. Thus
      in these experiments, the nearly identical transfer rates of these two similar
      sized, lipid-insoluble compounds indicated that succinylcholine crosses human
      placental tissue in quantitites compatible with its molecular size and lipophobic
      nature, and that the diffusion rate is not significantly influenced by its
      increased molecular charge.

PMID- 964723
TI  - [Detection of strabismus and amblyopia in the pre-school child].

PMID- 964724
TI  - [Pituitary tumors manifesting with amenorrhea-galactorrhea].

PMID- 964725
TI  - [Pathological changes in the larynx and trachea following prolonged intubation].

PMID- 964726
TI  - [Prolonged rupture of the membranes and its relationship to the respiratory
      distress syndrome].

PMID- 964727
TI  - [Phenobarbital in Dubin-Johnson syndrome].

PMID- 964728
TI  - [Familial hyperkalemia and hypertension].

PMID- 964729
TI  - [Multiple giant hepatic hemangiomas].

PMID- 964730
TI  - [Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach].

PMID- 964731
TI  - [Cerebral frontal lobe abscess following maxillary sinusitis].

PMID- 964732
TI  - [The lower motor neuron in chronic neurolathyrism].

PMID- 964733
TI  - [Occupational poisoning with cerebral symptoms].

PMID- 964734
TI  - [Neurological aspects of diabetes].

PMID- 964736
TI  - [Increasing the rate of full recovery from breast cancer].

PMID- 964735
TI  - [Immediate post-operative prosthetic fitting].

PMID- 964737
TI  - [Prevention of infective endocarditis in patients receiving dental treatment].

PMID- 964738
TI  - [Prenatal monitoring of fetal heart in high-risk pregnancies].

PMID- 964739
TI  - [New hopes for patients suffering from peptic ulcer].

PMID- 964740
TI  - [Are barbiturates as hypnotics obsolete? A comparison of sleeping drugs].

PMID- 964741
TI  - [Antacids in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 964742
TI  - [Alterations in lysosomal enzymes in rat myocardium following immunization].

PMID- 964743
TI  - [Pathologic changes in chicks fed oxidized oil].

PMID- 964744
TI  - [Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in adults].

PMID- 964745
TI  - [Renal ultrastructural changes in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 964746
TI  - [Focal nodular hyperplasia and spontaneous hepatic rupture in aplastic anemia
      treated with oxymetholone].

PMID- 964747
TI  - [Primary plasmacytoma of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 964748
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in striated muscle in myotonia dystrophica].

PMID- 964749
TI  - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (Liebow)].

PMID- 964750
TI  - [A case of Alexander-Crome's disease].

PMID- 964751
TI  - [Homologous dura mater bicuspid heart valve prosthesis].

PMID- 964752
TI  - [Surgery for vein injuries].

PMID- 964753
TI  - [Characteristics, behavior, and problems of Israeli adolescents].

PMID- 964754
TI  - [Perinatal mortality and morbidity in breech presentation].

PMID- 964755
TI  - [Chronic pericarditis with effusion due to lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 964756
TI  - [Anencephaly].

PMID- 964757
TI  - [Electronystagmographic findings following head trauma].

PMID- 964758
TI  - [Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the parotid gland].

PMID- 964759
TI  - [The effect of fenfluramine on blood pressure and serum lipids of the obese].

PMID- 964760
TI  - [Gingival hypertrophy associated with dilantin].

PMID- 964761
TI  - [Organization of medical aid in disaster during war time].

PMID- 964762
TI  - [Medical services in Norway].

PMID- 964763
TI  - [The virus of hepatitis B: Structure and host-response].

PMID- 964764
TI  - [Immunology of tumors].

PMID- 964765
TI  - [The implanted pacemakers--past developments and future outlooks].

PMID- 964766
TI  - [The artificial heart--achievements and challenges].

PMID- 964767
TI  - [The right heart ventricle--is it vital].

PMID- 964768
TI  - [Amikacin].

PMID- 964769
TI  - [Pacemaker implantations for brady- and tachyarrhythmia without atrio-ventricular
      block].

PMID- 964770
TI  - [Treatment of renal bone disease with 1-alpha hydroxycholecalciferol].

PMID- 964771
TI  - [Treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in children with complete duplication].

PMID- 964772
TI  - [Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias by alprenolol (1-(2-allyphenoxy) 3 isopropyl
      aminopropanol)].

PMID- 964773
TI  - [Treatment of hypertension with pindolol].

PMID- 964774
TI  - [Postoperative cholestatic jaundice].

PMID- 964775
TI  - [Pseudogout and amyloidosis].

PMID- 964776
TI  - [Confrontation with death].

PMID- 964777
TI  - [Splenectomy for hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 964778
TI  - [Intestinal obstruction by massive ascaris lumbricoides].

PMID- 964779
TI  - [The day care department of internal medicine].

PMID- 964780
TI  - [Clinical use of carcinogens].

PMID- 964781
TI  - [Tumors of the liver and oral contraceptives].

PMID- 964782
TI  - [Candidiasis of the urinary tract].

PMID- 964784
TI  - [News in the pathophysiology of lead intoxication].

PMID- 964783
TI  - [Metabolic disturbances after antibiotics].

PMID- 964785
TI  - [Imipramine intoxication].

PMID- 964786
TI  - Ultrastructure of the tracheal epithelium after inhalation of solid heavy metal
      aerosol. V. Early phase of regeneration of the tracheal epithelium.

PMID- 964787
TI  - Changes in the schwann cell basement membrane and degeneration of cutaneous nerve
      axons in the guinea pig after the intradermal injection of saline.

PMID- 964788
TI  - Some differences between the long and short saphenous veins as regards the
      structure and vascularization of the wall and location of the valves.

PMID- 964789
TI  - Ultrastructure of the atrium of the human embryonic and foetal heart.

PMID- 964790
TI  - Astrocyte ultrastructure in the dog clava and cuneate tubercle.

PMID- 964791
TI  - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, noradrenaline and granular vesicles in the autonomic
      postganglionic nerve.

PMID- 964792
TI  - Morphology of the golgi apparatus in the spinal ganglion neurons of the cat.

PMID- 964793
TI  - Contributions to the study of late changes in the ultrastructure of non
      myelinated nerve fibres in an autonomic nerve distal to a ligature.

PMID- 964794
TI  - Ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle microcirculation. I. The area of the
      precapillary sphincters.

PMID- 964795
TI  - Ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle microcirculation. II. On the problem of the
      existence of preferential channels in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 964796
TI  - Study of the predictive validity of histological tests.

PMID- 964797
TI  - Neuro-histochemical study of crown of male Gallus domesticus (white leghorn).

PMID- 964798
TI  - Studies on the central nervous system of the prawn. II. Cytochemistry of the
      nissl substance of Penaeus neurones.

PMID- 964799
TI  - The contribution of peridurography to the anatomy of the lumbosacral spinal
      canal.

PMID- 964800
TI  - Ultrastructural features of the transformation of the pseudostratified columnar
      ciliated epithelium to the stratified squamous epithelium in the human
      respiratory passages.

PMID- 964801
TI  - Suicides committed by minors.
AB  - The bodies of 76 minors, below 18 years of age, who died as a consequence of
      committing suicide during the years 1960 to 1974 were examined in the Institute
      of Forensic Medicine in Cracow. The youngest victim was a boy 8 1/2 years of age.
      The majority of cases (63) referred to minors aged 16-18. The deaths were due to:
      hanging (41 cases), poisoning (17 cases), leaping from a height (7 cases), and
      others (11 cases including one case of self shooting). Among the motives for
      suicide the first place is taken by personal troubles, mostly school failures,
      then bad health and family conflicts. Prior suicidal attempts were noted in 13
      cases and in 10 others oral declarations of suicide were made. Motives for
      suicide essentially differ from those found in earlier studies from the years
      1881-1939, where ill luck in love and undesired pregnancy were treated as one of
      the important factors leading to suicide.

PMID- 964802
TI  - The estimation of Mg2+ concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) as a method
      of drowning diagnosis in sea water.

PMID- 964803
TI  - Homicide in acute porphyria.
AB  - The subject was a young man known to suffer from the intermittent (Swedish) form
      of this disorder, who committed homicide in an acute attack of porphyria and who
      died from the disease 7 days later. The family history and clinical features of
      the acute attack are reported. The paper includes a brief review of the
      literature, with reference to the psychiatric features of acute porphyria.

PMID- 964804
TI  - The quantitative analysis of glass by emission spectrography: a six element
      survey.
AB  - The use of emission spectrography for the analysis of small glass fragments
      (approximately 1 mg) is described. Levels of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg and Mn have been
      determined in approximately 200 samples, and with the exception of Ca their
      variation appears to be of value in the classification and/or discrimination of
      glass. The precision of the method has been studied and its accuracy determined
      by the analysis of standard glasses prepared in the laboratory.

PMID- 964805
TI  - Evaluation of column extraction: a new procedure for the analysis of drugs in
      body fluids.
AB  - A method is described for the extraction of drugs from body fluids, whereby
      liquid-liquid extraction is replaced by liquid-solid elution. The aqueous sample
      is absorbed on a column filled with dry supporting material. By elution with
      organic solvents lipophilic substances are extracted from the water phase which
      remains on the column. The eluate containing the drugs is free of emulsions. For
      optimal extraction any pH value and a variety of solvents can be used. Column
      extraction of urine, serum and blood is easily performed and gives high recovery
      rates, which are superior to conventional extraction. Thin layer chromatography
      of drugs following conventional XAD-2 and column extraction, demonstrates
      identical qualitative results, but shows higher purity of the column extracts.
      The sensitivity of detection is enhanced.

PMID- 964806
TI  - A profile of homicide in the Sudan.

PMID- 964807
TI  - The increasing use of paraquat as a suicidal agent.
AB  - Paraquat, the most important of the bipyridyl group of herbicides, has proved a
      most effective weedkiller and is now in world-wide use. When used as intended,
      the compound is quite safe, but misuse has led to a significant number of deaths.
      If taken orally in significant amounts a fatal outcome is likely and there is as
      yet no effective antidote. Deaths from paraquat poisoning have been
      proportionately higher in Ireland than elsewhere. The present paper analyses 26
      fatal and 7 non-fatal poisonings occurring in Northern Ireland during the period
      1967-1975. The history, clinical features, length of survival and pathological
      findings are discussed. Extensive toxicological analyses have been performed on
      samples taken during life, and on a wide range of body fluids and tissues
      obtained at autopsy. These data are presented and show the progressive but slow
      fall-off in paraquat recovery after ingestion, with detectable levels still
      present for up to 21 days. The increasing incidence of suicidal, as opposed to
      accidental, paraquat poisoning is stressed. The decline in accidental poisoning
      suggests that the measures taken to prevent accidental ingestion are proving
      successful. The swing from accident to suicide is reflected in the shorter
      survival times, differing autopsy findings and significantly higher tissue and
      body fluid levels encountered in suicidal poisonings.

PMID- 964808
TI  - Aspects of the hyoid-larynx complex in forensic pathology.
AB  - Post-mortem radiological studies of the hyoid-larynx complex on excised specimens
      were undertaken. The post-mortem specimens were fixed to polysterene boards by
      ratio-translucent plastic pins. Radiological examinations revealed a fracture of
      the left greater cornu of the hyoid bone in a case of suicidal hanging; a
      fracture through the calcified right superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage in a
      case of blunt trauma to the left side of the head and neck; and a fracture
      artefact through the middle of the left greater cornu of the hyoid bone through
      compression of the structure by manipulation during the process of removal of the
      neck structures. In each instance the fracture sites were exposed and
      photographed. The use of a technique which permits a radiological examination of
      free dissected specimens of the hyoid-larynx complex has many advantages in the
      medicolegal investigations of injuries of the neck.

PMID- 964809
TI  - Disappearance of cyanide in blood and tissues after fatal poisoning.

PMID- 964810
TI  - [Epithelial barriers of the intestine. Significance and function in defense
      against infection].
AB  - The epithelial surface of the intestinal tract provides for an important barrier
      between the organism and its environment. However, it permits the passage into
      the tissues of limited amounts of macromolecules and/or particles, especially
      bacteria. These functions are age- and species-dependent, and they are closely
      related to nonspecific and specific immune reactions. Continuous and intimate
      contact between antigenic material from the gut lumen and immunocompetent cells
      takes place in gut-associated lymphoid tissues.

PMID- 964811
TI  - [Mushroom poisoning. New possibilities for treatment].
AB  - Poisonous species of fungi in Germany are very few. Dangerous is the ingestion of
      raw, spoiled or poisonous mushrooms. There exist no reliable tests to determine
      whether a mushroom is safe except by expert examination and identification of the
      mushroom. In clinical practice the classification of mushroom poisoning is
      possible in muscarine-syndrome, gastroenteritic syndrome and in two-phase
      syndrome. 90-95% of lethal mushroom poisonings are due to ingestion of Amanita
      phalloides. In severe cases extensive hepatic necrosis occurs, characterized by
      profound abnormalities in liver function caused by hepatic coma. In deep coma
      mortality rates amount to 70% or more. A new therapeutic measure (coated charcoal
      hemoperfusion)-first applied in liver failure by Chang (1972) and Williams (1973)
      has been performed in 3 patients with severe poisoning after ingestion of Amanita
      phalloides (each patient had eaten at least 7-10 fungi Amanita phalloides). Two
      of the patients survived.

PMID- 964812
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy for infectious enteritis in childhood].
AB  - A brief review of the actual knowledge on the infantile enteritis caused by
      infectious agents is given. The antibiotic therapy of bacterial enteritis is
      still acute, but the range of indications is limited. This kind of therapy aims
      at the curative effect, but not at the sanitation of the stools, for which no
      reliable method exists. Any kind of infantile enteritis needs dietetic treatment.

PMID- 964813
TI  - [100 years of health research].

PMID- 964814
TI  - [The concept "psychobiology". Psychobiology as a scientific system].

PMID- 964815
TI  - [Light and health].

PMID- 964816
TI  - [Acupuncture, Theory and practice].
AB  - Trasditional Chinese medicine is based on inductive-synthetic reasoning with
      regard to all life processes, in contrast to the causal-analytic orientation in
      our Western medicine. This philosophical approach is based on a system of
      comparisons (equivalents), referred to as Yin and Yang. Vital functions are seen
      as "energizing" processes, whereby the acupuncture points and the system of
      meridians are seen as a means of regulation for this "energy". A disturbed
      balance in this energy results in illness. The therapy according to the
      acupuncture method is to acheive a balance in the disturbed flow of energy by
      means of acupuncture points. By utilizing biophysical methods of measurement, it
      is possible to prove that a change in this energy takes place. The complex active
      principle which results in the effectiveness of acupuncture includes
      neurophysiological, biochemical and biophysical functional processes.

PMID- 964817
TI  - [The thermal trigeminal impulse test. A method for more precise trigeminal nerve
      testing].
AB  - A new method is described, which determines the subjective sensitivity-level for
      warmth-impulses in the innervation-areas of trigeminus in the face. This method
      seems to be more sensitive than methods for judging the tactile sensitivity. The
      warmth-sensitivity shows no correlation to age and sex; the lowest level was
      found in the innervation area of the 2nd branch of trigeminus.

PMID- 964818
TI  - [Phlebography of the legs].
AB  - On the basis of more than 10,000 phlebographies we believe that the ascending
      phlebography with control by means of x-rays and accurate photographs, the so
      called "phleboscopy", is the most appropriate of all techniques of phlebography
      for a routine ambulant examination of the veins. By means of phlebography we
      succeed in employing our therapeutical measures accurately, control of
      therapeutic results is possible. The phlebography informs about the morphological
      condition of the veinous system and the defluxion conditions. It serves for
      determining pathological conditions, such as the post-thrombotical syndrom in the
      case of acute deep thrombosis of the crural veins, and informs about the extent
      and defluxion conditions of the varicose veins as well as the sufficiency or
      insufficiency of the Vv. perforantes.

PMID- 964819
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of angiographic contrast media].
AB  - The pharmaco-kinetics of angiographic contrast media in the extravascular space,
      which are largely unknown, were investigated experimentally in dogs. As part of a
      basic study, using radio-active contrast media, it was possible to determine the
      concentration and rate of elimination in practically all organs and tissues.
      Measurements were carried out first after prolonged infusion of the contrast
      under conditions of balanced flow, and secondly six hours after the end of the
      infusion. It was therefore possible to determine the inflow and loss of contrast
      medium in various organs or organ systems. The most commonly used angiographic
      contrast media in Germany were investigated. Their kinetic behaviour is largely
      identical, their pattern of distribution and elimination depended principally on
      the organ or tissue. In another study injections were carried out through
      angiographic catheters in a "physiological angiographic" manner. Measurements
      obtained show that distribution and excretion of the contrast medium are
      independent of the site of injection. The kinetics of the contrast within an
      organ do not differ, whether it is injected selectively or not. The presence of
      an entero-hepatic circulation of angiographic contrast media has been
      demonstrated, but quantitatively it is of little importance.

PMID- 964821
TI  - ["Arbitration office" for malpractice disputes].

PMID- 964820
TI  - [Controversial caries prevention using fluorine].
AB  - Fluorine as an essential trace element is necessary for life. The artificial
      increase of the natural fluoride-content of drinking water up to a maximum of one
      milligram per litre has been proved a prophylactic step against dental caries.
      The available material is examined to find out how far side effects of this
      fluoride concentration as well as any higher fluoride doses can be brought in
      connection with special defects and patterns of diseases. A comprehensive review
      of scientific findings concerning physiological reactions caused by fluoride is
      given.

PMID- 964822
TI  - [Vascular malformations of the spinal cord. Diagnosis and therapy].
AB  - A review is given on the current diagnosis and treatment of spinal vascular
      malformations with special emphasis on the use of selective spinal angiography.
      Spinal vascular malformations are mostly encountered within the thoraco-lumbar
      segment of the spinal cord. Typical clinical symptoms are due to either
      progressive myelopathy or hemorrhage (subarachnoidal hemorrhage). The prognosis
      of untreated spinal angiomas is poor. Therefore, therapeutic measures are aiming
      to prevent bleeding of angiomas resulting in subarachnoidal hemorrhages or
      hematomyelia or to prevent spinal cord ischemia due to compression. Using
      selective spinal angiography, spinal angiomas can now be treated successfully by
      complete surgical extirpation or embolization procedures. The evaluation of
      radicular myelopathies and subarachnoidal hemorrhages of unknown origin has also
      considerably benefited from this technique. It is concluded that early diagnosis
      of spinal vascular malformations is of crucial importance for good therapeutical
      results.

PMID- 964823
TI  - [Lung embolism].

PMID- 964824
TI  - [New methods in vascular surgery. Intraoperative transluminal catheter
      recanalization using Dotter's technic].
AB  - The combination of vascular operative procedures and transluminal recanalization
      with a Dotter-catheter is recommended. According to own results this has been
      proven to be very successful, especially in old patients or in patients in a
      reduced physical state. The main advantage is a shorter duration of the surgical
      procedures and a reduction of the operative stress situation compared to other
      surgical methods. For the application of the Dotter-technique, however, it is
      necessary to observe the indications carefully.

PMID- 964825
TI  - [Nodular fascitis].
AB  - Since 1971 four cases of Fasciitis nodularis were treated by the outpatient
      department of the Surgical Clinic, Univ. of Erlangen. Alieno loco one patient's
      disease had been diagnosed as sarcoma, another patient had a lesion operated on
      which had been suggested being malignant by a pathologist. The danger in
      Fasciitis nodularis is, that it is easily considered a malignant process and
      therefore too radical a tumor therapy is performed. The differential diagnosis
      from clinical and histological point of view between Fasciitis nodularis and soft
      tissue tumors is presented.

PMID- 964826
TI  - [Recurrent skin tumors and their surgical management].
AB  - Recurrences of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas are possible in
      cases of radiation before surgical treatment. This inadequacy occurs in general,
      if the emphasis of the treatment was on the cosmetical point and therefore the
      necessary radical therapy had been neglected. Furthermore cicatrizing basal cell
      carcinomas are prone to recurrences, after only a macroscopical tumor extirpation
      had been carried out. In special cases of epidermal tumor recurrences our dermato
      surgical proceedings are demonstrated. The repair of large skin defects, caused
      by surgical treatment, requires methods of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
      Should there be any doubt whether the therapy is radical enough, material for
      microscopical examination should be taken immediately.

PMID- 964827
TI  - [Shoulder injuries].

PMID- 964828
TI  - [Medical thought and therapeutic activity as a normative equilibrium].

PMID- 964829
TI  - [Echocardiography].
AB  - Echocardiography makes possible the analysis of cardiac structures and their
      dynamics. The presence of valvular disease and its severity can be determined by
      evaluation of variations in the intensity of reflection and alterations in the
      motion of valvular structures. The echocardiographic representation of cardiac
      chambers permits the detection of congenital and acquired structural defects as
      well as an evaluation of ventricular function. Echocardiography provides a non
      invasive means of diagnostic analysis throughout the spectrum of heart diseases
      and can replace a number of invasive diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 964830
TI  - [Leading neurological symptoms of internal diseases].
AB  - After description of the central-nervous signs due to hypoglycemia, hypoxia, hypo
      and hypercalcemia there are discussed several internal diseases with prominent
      neurologic symptoms like endocrine disorders of thyroid, adrenal and pituitary
      gland, malignant diseases especially regarding the hematopoietic system,
      disorders of the joints and connective tissue and metabolic disorders as acute
      intermittent porphyria, uremic and hepatic coma. The principal differential
      diagnostic considerations in this relation are being described in order to avoid
      severe diagnostic errors.

PMID- 964831
TI  - [LDH-isoenzymes in viral hepatitis. Diagnostic, differential diagnostic and
      prognostic value of serum activity of LDH isoenzymes in acute and chronic human
      viral hepatitis].

PMID- 964832
TI  - [Immunologically determined disease. 1. Immunologically determined kidney
      diseases].

PMID- 964833
TI  - [Acute hepatic coma. Experimental study on the predictive value of clinical
      chemical findings for the prognosis of acute hepatic coma].
AB  - In order to determine the validity of clinical-chemical parameters for the
      prognosis of hepatic failure, 28 pigs were subjected to liver ischemia for 40-
      160 minutes duration. The following parameters were studied: GOT, GPT, gamma-GT,
      LAP, LDH, GlDH, AP and isoenzymes, total bilirubin, potassium, sodium and
      chloride. In a statistical comparison in the surviving animals, an unexplainable
      increase in GlDH activity was observed. In the other clinical-chemical parameters
      none was seen to be of use for the prognosis for either life or death in acute
      hepatic failure.

PMID- 964834
TI  - [Mycotoxins as a cause of disease in human beings].
AB  - Secondary metabolites, toxic to macro-organisms and micro-organisms, are produced
      by certain molds and some plant parasitic living fungi. A risk is given for man
      worldwide by ingestion or apparently also be other routes always undetected. In
      vivo-effects of the various mycotoxins are different, but mainly the liver is
      affected, expecially by the intake of smaller amounts of these poisons.
      Accordingly cirrhosis of the liver or primary liver carcinoma are expected in man
      as well as in animals and were already proved outside of Europe.

PMID- 964835
TI  - [Heart muscle after heart infarct. Function of surviving heart muscle following
      acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - In the initial phase of the infarction, there is a decrease of ventricular
      function due to loss of contractile activity. In addition, a negative effect of
      the paradoxical movement of the infarcted area on the hemodynamics of the
      ventricle is noted. The stiffening of the infarcted area in the early stage has a
      favorable influence on ventricular function, leading to a change in the elastic
      properties of the ventricle. The loss of ventricular compliance persists after
      the infarction, and its severity depends on the extent of myocardial destruction.
      In the non-compliant ventricle, the end-diastolic pressure rises without a
      proportionate increase in volume. Consequently, the ventricular function curve
      shows a shift downward and to the right, making it difficult to distinguish
      between the loss of contractile function or compliance in the heart in situ.
      Evaluation of the contractile properties of the surviving cardiac muscle in situ
      is, however, hardly possible due to the changed geometry and the additonal
      elastic elements functioning in series with the surviving muscle. To exclude
      these factors, a study of the contractile properties of the surviving cardiac
      muscle in the isolated state was carried out following experimental myocardial
      infarction in cats. By ligating several coronary branches, infarctions in the
      area of the left ventricle were caused; to avoid the ischaemic border zone of the
      infarction, right ventricular papillary muscles were studied. Haemodynamic
      investigations showed an increase in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      which persisted 6 weeks after infarction. As early as 48 hours but, more
      significantly 1 week after infarction, there was a decrease of actively developed
      force in the surviving cardiac muscle due to a lower rate of force development.
      The resting length tension curve of the surviving cardiac muscle after infarction
      showed no alterations; and 6 weeks following infarction, almost normal
      contractility parameters were observed. As a result of the infarction, a decrease
      in contractility in the surviving cardiac muscle is observed during the early
      stage, which regresses after complete recuperation.

PMID- 964836
TI  - [Value of results of animal experiments for the evaluation of drugs. 3. Animal
      trials and subjective probability].
AB  - Inasmuch as the findings in pharmacology and toxicology are based on animal
      trials these disciplines have to be considered as subjective sciences, since the
      experimentally obtained objective data become medically relevant only on the
      basis of subjective probabilities. The value of pharmacological and toxicological
      tests is dependent on the quality of the investigator. Data obtained in animals
      trials are of no relevance for human medicine unless the investigator
      substantiates his subjective probabilities and at the same time demonstrates how
      the hypotheses won in animal trials can be verified in man. Toxicological testing
      methods allowing the "preselection" of drugs or any other kind of deductions
      without verification in man do not exist. Animal studies which are not based on
      the principles of decision theory serve merely as an alibi and may lead to wrong
      conclusions. Besides, they interfere with the German Animal Protection Law.
      Methodological problems can neither be solved by normative regulations of an
      administrative authority nor by increasing experimental activity.

PMID- 964837
TI  - [Ambulatory and partly stationary facilities in a psychiatric hospital].

PMID- 964838
TI  - [Immunologic diseases. 3. Immunologic diseases of the respiratory tract, the
      gastrointestinal tract and the liver].

PMID- 964839
TI  - [The malignant struma. Pathological anatomy and functional criteria].
AB  - Description of the pathological anatomy of thyroid cancer with classification
      into carcinomas, sarcomas and special forms of tumors. Concerning the carcinomas
      of the thyroid gland, the malignant papilloma (papillary carcinoma) and the
      medullary amyloid- and calcitonin-producing carcinoma deserve special
      consideration because of their small malignancy and therefore favourable
      prognosis. Also the proliferating struma Langhans does not come up to "real"
      carcinomas (organoid structure of the tumor tissue) concerning the growing speed.
      All other types of carcinomas, as well as sarcomas, are fast growing malignant
      tumors, which also place metastases early. The metastasizing struma-adenoma is
      not a malignant tumor in the sense of the term. In addition, it is necessary to
      refer to the existing difficulties in marking off clearly structurally
      sarcomatous tumors of the thyroid gland from carcinomas. Besides, one must
      emphasize, that thyreostatic substances, also ionizing rays (i.e. radioiodine)
      can produce considerable tissue-changes with cell polymorphia and that a
      considerable increase in the number of large-cell eosinophilic adenomas
      (oncocytomas, Hurthle-cell adenomas) exists. The sclerosizing microcarcinoma
      (Graham's tumor) is not a carcinoma in the sense of the term.

PMID- 964840
TI  - [Retinal hemangiomas].
AB  - In the present study the clinical picture, therapy and pathogenesis of 6 retinal
      diseases are individually described and discussed. These are: familial tortuosity
      of the small retinal arteries, arteriovenous haemangioma, cavernous haemangioma,
      Leber's multiple retinal aneurysms, Coats' disease and von Hippel's
      haemangiomatosis retinae. They can all be subsumed under the broad concept of
      haemangioma and represent hamartias and hamartomas of the retinal vascular
      system.

PMID- 964841
TI  - [Testing of the equilibrium in chronic otitis media].

PMID- 964842
TI  - [Protein composition of the human parotid gland secretion in rest and under
      stimulation and its changes in parotid diseases].

PMID- 964843
TI  - [Clinical experiences with vasoatherolip in early cerebral insufficiency].
AB  - Under clinical conditions and during 12 weeks Vasoatherolip (alufibrat and
      nicotinuric acid) were administered to a group of 30 patients suffering from
      definitive symptoms of early cerebral insufficiency. The daily dosage was 3 X 1
      tablet. In about 66 per cent of the patients a significant improvement,
      especially for intellectual and affective capacity was achieved. This could be
      proved by a number of confirmed psychometrical tests (i.e. concentration-test,
      Benton-test, pegboard-test, Wechsler-test, etc.).

PMID- 964844
TI  - [Biograviplan Grunenthal; a new system for contraception].

PMID- 964845
TI  - [The physician's cooperation according to the new social legislation].

PMID- 964846
TI  - [Functional scintigraphy of the heat in congenital or acquired heart valve
      diseases].
AB  - Quantitative nuclear cardiography was applied to 400 patients with valvular heart
      disease proven by heart catheterisation. The study yielded the following results:
      1. The parameters used were directly related to th4 cardiac index, the
      enddiastolic volume of the left ventricle and the pressures in the pulmonary
      vascular system. 2. The method proved to be highly sensitive in stating whether
      there was a hemodynamically effective valvular disease present or not.
      Differential diagnosis, however, was not possible. 3. The prolongation of the
      circulation times correlated with the hemodynamic severity of the disease. 4. The
      method could be used in evaluation of corrective surgery and for follow-up after
      operation.

PMID- 964847
TI  - [Immunologic diseases. 4. Immunologically caused skin and endocrine diseases].

PMID- 964848
TI  - [Side-effects of oral contraceptives under psychological-sociological aspects.
      Results of an empirical study on 345 women].
AB  - Do women without experience in taking oral contraceptives expect more side
      effects than women, who use this contraceptive method, ever experienced? This
      question was examined on 345 women in pregnancy and childbed Psychological and
      sociological data, as personality factors, general well-being, school education,
      intelligence and age  were evaluated. The attitude towards the pill depended on
      the families opinion of the pill, fear of cancer, knowledge about the pill and
      experience of menstruation. Half of the women had never taken the pill. Those
      women expected more side-effects than women, who had taken the pill had
      experienced (p less than 0,05). Those women who had never taken the pill stated
      frequently, that their partner (p less than 0,001) and mother (p less than 0,001)
      rejected the pill. Three fourth of women without experiences in taking the pill
      doubted thepill to be safe. Two thirds of these women were anxious the pill might
      cause cancer. Four fifth of the questioned women thought a pregnancy would mean
      more stress than taking the pill, women without experience in taking the pill
      more frequently thought the pill to be more disturbing (p less than 0,01). Women
      who had never taken the pill, suffered more often from reduced well-being (p less
      than 0,05) and were also more often introverted (p less than 0,1). The more
      irregular and painful menstruations were, the more women accepted the pill (p
      less than 0,01). Women with experience in taking the pill had often higher
      intelligence (p less than 0,05) and a higher education level (p less than 0,01).
      This is important for the interpretation of the results. The results were
      statistically checked by the x2-method.

PMID- 964849
TI  - [Vena cava occlusion syndrome. Cardiovascular parameters and uterine blood
      supply].
AB  - In late pregnancy about 10% of the patients suffer from dizziness and a shock
      symptomatic if placed in a supine position. These symptoms are reversible if the
      patient turns to the lateral position. In the present paper experiments in human
      and sheep are reviewed. The cause for this disease is the occlusion of the
      inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus. The venous backflow to the maternal
      heart is reduced and the cardiac output decreased by about 1 1/min. The total
      peripheral resistance (TPR) is increased (Lees et al. 1967b). The increase in TPR
      is due to the compression of the vena cava by the uterus and not related to an
      increased arterial tone during the first time course. The fall in mean arterial
      blood pressure is of varying degree and paralleled by an increase of the blood
      pressure in the vena cava below the compression and the uterine vein. The fall of
      the mean arterial blood pressure war related to the decrease of the perfusion
      pressure. The fall in arterial blood pressure and most important the rise of the
      uterine vein blood pressure led to a decrease of the perfusion pressure across
      the uterus. The uterine blood flow fell proportional to the drop of perfusion
      pressure. The uterine vasculare resistance remained unchanged. The fall of
      uterine blood flow was associated with a fall of fetal heart rate.

PMID- 964850
TI  - [Indications for vital and preventive cesarean section].
AB  - The indications for Caesarean section have not only increased but also changed. A
      spectrum of indications is described which comprises emergency and preventive
      indications. The postpartal state of the newborn after Caesarean section (200
      cases) is described regarding indication, 148 additional cases due to the change
      of indication. The lowest Apgar-scores were found in newborns after sectiones for
      emergency fetal indications. ithe increase of the Caesarean section rate since
      1971 was due to preventive fetal indications, which reached in the last 2 years
      more than 50%. It was found that the ""Caesarean section infant'' is not
      endangered, but the infant delivered by Caesarean section for reasons of
      emergency indications of fetal or maternal nature. Control examinations during
      pregnancy should help to recognize the risk-pregnancy and to decide on necessary
      ambulant treatment or hospitalisation.

PMID- 964851
TI  - [Changes in the electrolyte and acid-base equilibrium during the first days of
      life].
AB  - The concentrations of potassium, sodium and magnesium in plasma, red corpuscels
      and acid-base status were measured during the first five days of life.
      Significant differences were observed during this period of  life, these values
      also differ markedly from those of adults. The causes of the particular
      conditions of the neonates are complex and not all known at present.

PMID- 964852
TI  - [Sleep and waking rhythms in the newborn infant. Polygraph studies on
      physiological variables in vigilance changes in the infant].

PMID- 964853
TI  - [Complications after abortion. Hospitalization for early post-abortion morbidity
      after voluntary abortion].

PMID- 964854
TI  - [Impulse cytophotometry in neoplasm prevention. The behavior of normal vaginal
      smears in the impulse cytophotometric histogram].
AB  - Evaluation of histograms of normal cervical and vaginal smears, produced by
      ""rapid flow through'' cytophotometry. Normal cytological cervical and vaginal
      smears were examined for their appearance in histograms in order to find criteria
      for the classification of ""normal non-pathological'' cytological slides.
      Simultaneously, the reliability of the standardized method for preparation of
      vaginal and cervical smears was checked. The diagrams and data produced by the
      histograph were also coded on line and analyzed by a computer; thus obtaining an
      objective mathematical analysis and avoiding errors due to subjective visual
      analysis of the histograms. The objective interpretation of histograms of normal
      vaginal smears is an important step to the realisation of automatic pre
      screening.

PMID- 964855
TI  - [A reducing diet with a high proportion of bread].
AB  - 10 female and 10 male moderately obese persons, pursuing their usual activities,
      received a reduction diet for 4 weeks, in which 46% of the calories were supplied
      by rye bread. In percent of calories the diet consisted of 60% carbohydrates, 20%
      fat and 20% protein. The total intake of calories corresponded to 60% of the
      caloric requirement. Weight losses ranged from 1.8 to 10.7 kg; the mean was 6.0
      kg. Serum cholesterol values tended to decrease by 15% on the average,
      triglyceride values decreased by 38%. All subjects declared to be satiated during
      the entire 4 week period. No significant differences between the influence of
      crumb and crust on weight reduction could be observed.

PMID- 964856
TI  - [The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Cytotoxic antibodies against myelin
      sheath tissue in multiple sclerosis].
AB  - Cytotoxic antibodies to myelin can be demonstrated by the method of 51Cr-release
      from chick erythrocytes coated with myelin basic protein. The cytotoxic antibody
      is inactivated by heating to 56 degrees C and needs complement in order to exert
      its action. The antibody was determined as IgM and IgG. It has relative specifity
      and shows cross-reaction with other basic proteins. The cytotoxic antibody was
      found in only 8% of healthy persons. Patients with multiple sclerosis were
      positive in 87% of the cases and in acute cases in 94%. In other neurological
      diseases cytotoxic antibody was present in 64%. The occurrence of cytotoxic
      antibody to myelin protein is not specific for a particular neurological
      disorder, especially not for multiple sclerosis. Cytotoxic antibodies arise as a
      secondary phenomenon, they are not the cause of the disease involved. They appear
      to be suitable, however, to determine, in association with cellular immunological
      reactions against myelin which may be regarded as the "primary" immunological
      processes, the demyelination process in the multiple sclerosis focus.

PMID- 964857
TI  - [Stimulation of the bodies defense against cervix carcinoma. Clinical
      experimental study].
AB  - The method of choice for stimulation is extracorporeal radiotherapy of the blood,
      which has undergone stepwise clinical experimental development, is recommended.
      Implementation of this method induces a marked increase in the biosynthesis of
      certain serum proteins, especially the IgM and IgG fractions of the
      gammaglobulins and there is a definite tendency to normalization of certain serum
      enzymes in patients with cervical carcinoma. The dose dependence observed in the
      present study and the good clinical tolerance shown to this radiotherapeutic
      procedure are emphasized. The investigation is concluded with a cautions
      appraisal of the possible mode of action of extracorporeal X ray-irradiation of
      the blood at a dosage of 5000 R/O.

PMID- 964858
TI  - [The treatment of meteorism].

PMID- 964859
TI  - [Legislation of the place of work].

PMID- 964860
TI  - [Infant nutrition in West Africa].
AB  - The breastfeeding-customs of Westafrican tribes are described. Details are given
      about the duration of the suckling-period, about the nourishment of the baby
      after breastfeeding has been reduced and about the application of indigenous
      lactogenic substances. The relations between mother and child as well as the
      relations between wife and husband during the suckling-period are illustrated;
      the dangers of a precocious weaning from breastfeeding and the dangers due to the
      application of wrongly prepared bottle-milk are discussed.

PMID- 964861
TI  - [Juvenile psychogenic hearing disorders].
AB  - Psychogenic hearing problems exist even in childhood. They must be differentiated
      from the stimulated or aggravated hearing losses. A characteristic is the
      discrepancy between the understanding during conversation and the bad results of
      the hearing tests. The psychical case history of the patient shows his conflict
      situation and personal problems. If the psychogenic hearing problems do not
      improve on their own or by means of oto-rhinolaryngical placebo-therapy, psycho
      therapy will be needed. Taking the example of 2 children, where the suspected
      primary diagnosis was sudden deafness, the problems of diagnosis was shown.

PMID- 964862
TI  - [Immunologic diseases. 5. Immunologically caused muscle and nervous system
      diseases].

PMID- 964863
TI  - [Diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. Diagnostic means for hospital and
      private practice].

PMID- 964864
TI  - [Endoscopy, a hobby for specialists--or more?].
AB  - In the years between 1958 and 1970, diagnostic endoscopy made decisive advances.
      In this period, the ground was prepared for operative endoscopy. This applies not
      only to the technical, but also to the psychological aspects. The fact that
      formerly hidden structures could now be directly inspected and ""grasped'',
      spurned the endoscopist to intensive activity. Polypectomy, papillotomy with the
      removal of gallstones and, increasingly, photocoagulation for the arrest of
      bleeding, have made in many cases classical surgical operations superfluous. In
      close cooperation and rapport with the surgeons, the indications for, but also
      the limitations of, the new procedure are being established. In addition to the
      more practical aspects, modern endoscopy has also created a bridge to better
      understanding of biochemical processes in the gastrointestinal tract. The
      possibility of being able to investigate the effects of newly discovered,
      analysed and synthesized gastrointestinal hormones has been considerably
      improved. Endoscopy, formerly considered, more or less, a hobby for a few
      specialists, has become a sort of intermediary system which is capable of
      providing excellent diagnostic information, of making possible elegant
      therapeutic measures and of producing new biochemical information. In this
      creative function, it is surpassed by virtually no other method. A pre-condition
      for this development was, however, that the endoscopist was not content to remain
      merely an observer of interesting views, but was, rather, an active physician, to
      whom the advantages to the patient of early detection of disease and suitable
      therapeutic measures were equally important as the useful information obtained on
      biochemical relationships.

PMID- 964865
TI  - [Climateric disorders. 1. Definition, typical climacteric disorders].

PMID- 964866
TI  - [Thrombosis and embolism in gynecology and obstetrics. A contribution to
      prophylaxis and therapy].

PMID- 964867
TI  - [The use of vaginal tampons in hospital and practice].
AB  - Industrially manufactured cotton wool tampons have been used for 5 years on
      approx. 5,000 women. The tampons were used in cases of inflammatory diseases of
      the vagina and of the cervix as well as postoperatively after abdominal and
      vaginal operations in order to apply medicaments. The absorbing effect of the
      tampons immediately stops the disagreeable secretion. The insertion of the
      tampons is simple and can be performed by the women themselves. Use of the pre
      fabricated tampons is more economical than that of those tampons developed by our
      personnel. The advantages of the tampons during menstruation as well as during
      sports activities while menstruating are discussed. No side effects were observed
      during tampon use provided the tampons were inserted correctly.

PMID- 964868
TI  - [Histamine-H2-receptor antagonists. Physiological and clinical aspects].
AB  - Histamine-H2-receptor antagonists (Burimamide, Metiamide, Cimetidine) may inhibit
      histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in various species including man; in
      constrast, conventional antihistaminics (H1-antagonists) do not do so. Gastric
      secretion as stimulated by pentagastrin, insulin, 2-deoxy-glucose or an
      intragastrically instilled meal is also decreased by H2-antagonists, and a final
      common mediator role for histamine in the gastric secretory is discussed. H2
      antagonists do also inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion, but do not affect at all
      bicarbonate secretion. Recent clinical trials have shown Metiamide to be superior
      to placebo in therapy of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 964869
TI  - [Is the choledocho-duodenostomy still indicated today?].

PMID- 964870
TI  - [Clinical experiences with the new topical steroid diflucortolone valerianate for
      skin diseases].

PMID- 964871
TI  - [The treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper airways].

PMID- 964872
TI  - [Is the family going to be abolished?].

PMID- 964873
TI  - [Purpura, classification, clinical aspects and etiopathogenesis from the
      viewpoint of the dermatologist. 1. Introduction, and short discussion on
      hemorrhagic diatheses].

PMID- 964874
TI  - [Immunologically conditioned diseases. 6. Immunologically conditioned diseases of
      the eye].

PMID- 964875
TI  - [Changes in the heart rate of children during mental work. Comparative telemetric
      examinations on 4- to 7-years-old children. 1. Methods, examination procedure].

PMID- 964876
TI  - [Preventive medicine aspects in the sex education of young girls].
AB  - Girls in their teens have many questions and uncertainities regarding their
      physical maturation. In many cases personal hygiene is insufficient, resulting
      from lack of information and education in the family. The onset of menarche
      introduces a new dimension of life to cope with. Competent advice is essential in
      these habit-forming years to correct misconceptions and lead to proper health
      care.

PMID- 964877
TI  - [Diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Changes in visual evoked potentials in children with
      progressive hydrocephalus internus].
AB  - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) of 12 children with progressive hydrocephalus
      internus were studied. Depending on the severity of hydrocephalus internus VEP
      show remarkable changes. First of deformation of VEP occurs, than a slowing of
      latencies and finally an extreme increase of latencies combined with a further
      deformation of VEP. The whole duration of the VEP shows a marked prolongation.

PMID- 964878
TI  - [Folk medicine, experience therapy, a component of modern therapeutics?].
AB  - Empirical medicine has three main supporting pillars: physical treatment,
      dietetics and phytotherapy. In this area of medicine, a number of therapeutical
      methods have been evolved which stand up to investigations employing scientific
      criteria, and which, in consequence, have become officially recognized by medical
      science. Examples are: diet rich in bulkage, digitalis, products of Papaver
      somniferum (Poppy) and salicylates. The acceptance of phytotherapeutic agents
      into the drug armamentarium of scientific medicine presupposes the availability
      of test methods suitable to demonstrate their effectiveness. Quite a number of
      remedies that have always been firmly anchored in empirical medicine, but which
      was applied regularly only by the nature healer, have suddenly, in the light of
      new test methods, been shown to be effective medicines; thus, for example, onions
      and garlic are good for thrombotic processes and hyperglycaemia, carminatives for
      sphincter spasms in the gastrointestinal tract, and alcohol is an appetite
      stimulating stomachic. This fact, the limited applicability of the information
      obtained from animal experiments, and the further fact that even test results
      obtained in human subjects cannot be applied on a world-wide basis, exhort us to
      take care not to subscribe to an all-too apodictic classification of therapeutic
      measures into effective and noneffective. A further point for consideration is
      that the administration even of what is only a supposed remedy, can trigger or
      promote healing simply on the strength of the action of the physician. Scientific
      thinking is an indispensible precondition of the physician's activity--to
      consider it as the beginning and end of all things medical, however, is simply to
      demonstrate a narrowness of outlook.

PMID- 964879
TI  - [Purpura. Classification, clinical aspects and etiopathogenesis from the
      viewpoint of the dermatologist. 2. Dermatologically relevant forms of purpura 1].

PMID- 964880
TI  - [Systemic mycoses. 1. Systemic mycoses due to dimorphous fungi
      (coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, African histoplasmosis, blastomycosis,
      paracoccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis)].

PMID- 964881
TI  - [Emergency situations in drug addicts. Classification, diagnostic and therapeutic
      measures].
AB  - In drug addicts emergency situations can occur which differ only slightly in
      symptoms but require different therapeutic measures, depending on type of the
      drug and symptomatology. Diagnostic and therapeutical difficulties in emergency
      situations, especially the not unfrequent late complications and the considerable
      danger of suicidal actions require in general the immediate hospitalization.
      Intensive care and surveillance are necessary. The adequate therapy of
      ventilatory and circulatory functions is of great importance and should be
      started by the first consulted physician before transport to the hospital.

PMID- 964882
TI  - [Chronic pulmonary heart disease].

PMID- 964883
TI  - [Treatment of primary chronic polyarthritis in special cases].
AB  - Empirical medicine has three main supporting pillars: physical treatment,
      dietetics and phytotherapy. In this area of medicine, a number of therapeutical
      methods have been evolved which stand up to investigations employing scientific
      criteria, and which, in consequence, have become officially recognized by medical
      science. Examples are: diet rich in bulkage, digitalis, products of Papaver
      somniferum (Poppy) and salicylates. The acceptance of phytotherapeutic agents
      into the drug armamentarium of scientific medicine presupposes the availability
      of test methods suitable to demonstrate their effectiveness. Quite a number of
      remedies that have always been firmly anchored in empirical medicine, but which
      was applied regularly only by the nature healer, have suddenly, in the light of
      new test methods, been shown to be effective medicines; thus, for example, onions
      and garlic are good for thrombotic processes and hyperglycaemia, carminatives for
      sphincter spasms in the gastrointestinal tract, and alcohol is an appetite
      stimulating stomachic. This fact, the limited applicability of the information
      obtained from animal experiments, and the further fact that even test results
      obtained in human subjects cannot be applied on a world-wide basis, exhort us to
      take care not to subscribe to an all-too apodictic classification of therapeutic
      measures into effective and noneffective. A further point for consideration is
      that the administration even of what is only a supposed remedy, can trigger or
      promote healing simply on the strength of the action of the physician. Scientific
      thinking is an indispensible precondition of the physician's activity--to
      consider it as the beginning and end of all things medical, however, is simply to
      demonstrate a narrowness of outlook.

PMID- 964884
TI  - [Development of the world epidemiological situation and the current
      epidemiological situation in the German Federal Republic].

PMID- 964885
TI  - [Mineralocorticoid syndromes and hypertension].
AB  - Mineralocorticoids are out of the causes of secondary hypertension. Excess
      production of mineralocorticoids induces sodium and fluid retention, loss of
      potassium and metabolic alcalosis. The diagnosis of mineralocorticoid syndromes
      depends on the interpretation of the functional status of the renin
      mineralocorticoid-system, which is in part responsible for the maintenance of
      normal blood pressure. The classical representative of this group is the syndrome
      of primary aldosteronism. Causes of mineralocorticoid syndromes associated with
      hypertension are: 1. autonomous production of mineralo-corticoids by an adrenal
      adenoma or by idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia; 2. deficiency of adrenal
      17-alpha-hydroxylase or of 11-beta-hydroxylase; 3. secondary aldosteronism
      associated with primary reninism, or renal arterial stenosis; and 4. pseudo
      aldosteronism due to excessive ingestion of licorice. Malign or essential
      hypertension may also often be followed by secondary aldosteronism.

PMID- 964886
TI  - [New findings on the pathogenesis and therapy of myasthenia].

PMID- 964887
TI  - [Radiation damage of the lung and its clinical significance].

PMID- 964888
TI  - [Acute viral hepatitis].

PMID- 964889
TI  - [Execution of the nursing-home law].

PMID- 964890
TI  - [Cerebral embolism as a complication. Incidence and pathogenesis after heart
      infarct].
AB  - By means of clinical studies the frequency of cerebral embolic incidents after
      myocardial infarction was clarified. It is referred to the importance of some
      risk factors. The value of long time anticoagulant therapy is discussed.

PMID- 964891
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and microcirculation. Significance of diabetic angiopathy for
      the prognosis and course of diabetes mellitus, possibilities and bases of
      angiologic therapy].
AB  - The importance of diabetic angiopathy for prognosis and course of diabetes
      mellitus, possibilities and basis of angiological therapy Complications
      originating from the vascular system determine life expectancy of the diabetic
      patient. He is particularly endangered by apoplexy, heart attack,
      arteriosclerosis of the lower extremities, retino- and nephropathy.
      Microangiopathy is a specific diabetic problem, the development of which shows a
      clear dependency on the quality of metabolism. Conventional therapy of
      circulatory problems today is less concerned with the vascular system than with
      the qualities of blood viscosity. In this context, viscosity is of main concern.
      Particularly in microcirculation viscosity is dependent on blood factors such as:
      haematocrit, plasmaviscosity, erythrocytes and thrombocytes. Their changed
      behaviour results, in the case of diabetes mellitus, in an increase in viscosity
      partly dependent on metabolism. A promising concept of treatment is available by
      pharmaceutically influencing the alteration of erythrocytes.

PMID- 964892
TI  - [Suicide and the weather. Incidence and risk of suicide in mentally ill patients
      under certain weather conditions].

PMID- 964893
TI  - [Suicide and the weather. Risk of suicide in mental disorders and possibilities
      for prevention].
AB  - The risk of suicid in psychic disorders and possibilities of suicid prophylaxis
      The mysterious connection between weather and suicidal acts has been of
      particular interest at all times. In the past years extensive studies were
      carried out. But often the results were differing from each other. Nowadays,
      every person, committing suicid is regarded as psychically disturbed. Therefore,
      it may be better to analyse the diagnoses retrospectively and to determine which
      type of psychiatric illness is reacting significantly to which meteorological
      event. The results of this study using the "coincidence method" (n = 17 268) make
      it possible to give exact clues, which meteorological event may be dangerous to
      which kind of psychiatric illness. The time before a change of weather is of
      importance. The daily medical-meteorological telephone-service in the Federal
      Republic of Germany (bioprog) is therefore a biometeorological contribution to
      the prophylaxis of suicides.

PMID- 964894
TI  - [New method of thrombocyte counting. Technic of electronic counting of low
      thrombocyte concentrations in peripheral blood].
AB  - Starting from recent studies of Balleisen (1972) and Schmidt et al. (1973) about
      automated counting of platelets an automated method has been developed for
      accurate platelet counting at very low platelet concentration of peripheral
      blood. The method can be summarized as follows: 0,1 ml anticoagulated venous
      blood (Na-EDTA or polystyrol tubes containing EDTA powder) or capillary blood
      from finger tips was diluted with 20 ml of a mixture of Isoton-Periston-(Bayer
      )Na2-EDTA (22:2:1 vol.) in polystyrol tubes. After 5 min centrifugation at 85 g,
      using an angle head and decantation into a polystyrol tube, second
      centrifugation. Decantation in a Coulter glass and counting at aperture 8,
      attenuation 0.500 and theshold 6 respectively 70 using at 70 mikron capillary.
      Counts at threshold 70 (erythrocyte counts) were subtracted from counts at
      threshold 6 (platelets and erythrocytes); to calculate platelet counts/mm3
      multiplication by factor 2 at undiluted venous or capillary blood. The mean
      variation coefficient of our method being 4,1%, counting of platelets is possible
      with the accuracy of other automated methods at normal platelet concentration. At
      very low platelet counts our method seems to be the most accurate laboratory
      method for platelet counting.

PMID- 964895
TI  - [Working women and protection of mothers].

PMID- 964896
TI  - [Artificial anus. Advantages and disadvantages of ileo- and colostomy].
AB  - The majority of patients with ileostomy adapt to their new situation and are able
      to live a nearly normal professional and social life. This does not mean that
      there is not a need for improvement in the ileostomy construction. It merely
      proves the great adaptive mechanism in man. In spite of the improvement in
      surgical techniques in the construction of the ileostomy and the development of
      modern ileostomy appliances, a proportion of the patients still experiences
      serious problems. In order to improve the situation for patients with ileostomy a
      new type of ileostomy has been developed. From the terminal ileum an
      intraabdominal, intestinal reservoir is constructed and the outlet from the
      reservoir is provided with a "nipple valve" preventing leakage of gas and faeces
      through the outlet. The continent ileostomy has now been under clinical trial for
      more than seven years. The success-rate has increased along with improvements in
      technique and introduction of methodological modifications. More than 90% of 164
      patients provided with this type of ileostomy had at follow-up satisfactory
      functional results of their ileostomy. That means that they had no need for
      carrying external ileostomy appliances. A method for constructing a continent
      colostomy has been tested in dogs. The sigmoid colon was divided and the distal
      end closed. At the proximal end a "nipple valve" was constructed by
      intussuscepting a part of the intestine into its lumen. All dogs were continent
      from the time of operation until they were sacrificed one to eight weeks later.
      The method is now under elaboration for clinical trial.

PMID- 964898
TI  - [Acute hemolysis].

PMID- 964897
TI  - [Manifestations of systemic diseases in the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - Under the aspect of systemic diseases and their manifestation in the gut the
      following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The skin is the mirror of the intestinal
      tract; not only in primary gastroenterological disorders one should look for
      dermatological complications, but should also think in chronic skin lesions of
      concomitant intestinal alterations. 2. In all patients with collagen diseases a
      gastrointestinal involvement is very common. 3. In all endocrine disorders except
      in hypothyroidism diarrhea is a very common finding. 4. Infiltrations of
      gastrointestinal tract can be demonstrated in many cases by gastric, small bowel
      or rectal biopsy. 5. In all forms of dysgammaglobulinemia giardiasis is very
      common. 6. In right heart failure protein-losing enteropathy should be
      considered, in left ventricular insufficiency bowel ischemia.

PMID- 964899
TI  - [Law on medical expertise. Discussion of the latest decisions].

PMID- 964900
TI  - [Heart pacemaker with lithium batteries. 2 years' clinical experience].
AB  - 102 lithium-powered cardiac pacemakers manufactured by Cardiac Pacemakers Inc.
      (CPI 301 UD, 101 UA and 501 UD) were implanted in 94 patients. During the
      observation time (25 months) the following complications were registered: 2 pulse
      generator failures, 4 failures of the demand-function, anodic muscle-twitching in
      2 patients, 2 erosions of the pacemaker-pocket and 1 hematoma of the pocket. 5
      pulse generators were exchanged without malfunction of the pacemaker. In 4
      patients reinterventions on the electrode had, to be performed. 4 deaths
      occurred, none of them related to malfunction of the pacemaker. 2 lithium-powered
      pacemakers were explanted in other hospitals, for reasons not known to us and 1
      patient left the German Federal Republic. 83 patients are under control with well
      working lithium-powered pacemakers.

PMID- 964901
TI  - [Ambulatory supervision of pacemaker patients].

PMID- 964902
TI  - [Albumin-bilirubin binding in premature and newborn infants].

PMID- 964903
TI  - [Error of the basic biogenetic law].

PMID- 964904
TI  - [Glaucoma prevention].
AB  - All glaucomatous eye damages are caused by a too high intra-ocular pressure. This
      damage of the eye nerve leads in chronical cases from a slowly increasing loss of
      the visual field, which is usually not noticed by the patient, to total
      blindness. Prophylactic examinations should be introduced to all persons over 40
      years old. The examination should consist of the measurement of the intra-ocular
      pressure and should be carried out within a period of 3-5 years.

PMID- 964905
TI  - [Contact lenses for children. Indications and results].
AB  - If it is necessary to prescribe contact lenses for children, this correction
      should be made as soon as possible. As a consequence of the development of soft
      (hydrophile) lenses, the above mentioned group of patients has increased
      considerably. In any case, a monolateral aphakia as well as a manifest
      anisometropia should be corrected by a contact lense to avoid amblyopia,
      heterotropia and loss of stereoscopic vision. Usually soft lenses are well
      tolerated, so that patients suffering from aphakia as well as hyperopia should
      always use this type of lense. Nevertheless, the hard lense still has its
      indication in treating myopia and high astigmatism.

PMID- 964906
TI  - [Legasthenia].

PMID- 964907
TI  - [Acute hemolysis. 2. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of acute and toxic
      hemolysis].

PMID- 964908
TI  - [Value of the results of animal experiments for the evaluation of drugs. 2.
      Methodology and prediction of effects].
AB  - The efficiency of animal trials is critically examined against the background of
      the new EC drug regulations. The present contributions deal with the problem of
      predictability of qualitative events. It is established that the so-called
      "pharmacological properties" of substances do not exist. Further it must be taken
      into account that observations made on test animals are reductionistic in
      relation to man. The study also shows that it is difficult to predict events with
      reasonable certainty even within one particular animal species. The problem of
      extrapolation is being viewed under three different aspects: when there is no
      previous experience at all, when there is relevant previous experience, and when
      there are animal models available. In the first case, it is impossible to make
      any prediction at all. In the second case, only subjective suppositions are
      possible. As to the third case, it is an open question at the moment whether
      animal models do exist at all. According to the present state of science it is
      not possible to make objective predictions for man on the basis of animal trials.
      In regard to animal trials, the EC regulations stand in contrast to science and
      the methodology of statistics. The subjective nature of prediction will be
      discussed in the following contributions.

PMID- 964909
TI  - [Malignant systemic diseases of the digestive tract].
AB  - In about 5-6% of all patients with malignant myeloproliferative disorders the
      gastrointestinal tract is involved with macroscopic lesions. The most common
      sites of digestive manifestations are stomach, small bowel, pancreas and colon.
      Multiple irregular ulcers, doughy infiltration of the bowel wall, multiple
      nodules and diffuse polyposis of the colon are classic patterns of secondary
      lymphoma of the gut. Prognosis is considerably impaired by gastroenterological
      symptoms.

PMID- 964910
TI  - [Comparative studies of the psychosomatic aspects of liver diseases].
AB  - Connections between disturbed functions of liver and mental diseases at all times
      have been generally supposed as existent and have been discussed in the
      literature; they should be clarified by means of questionnaire-tests: MPI-test
      and MMQ-test of Eysenck combined with neurotizism-depression-questionnaire of
      Hoffmann-La Roche allowed to comprehend the dimensions of personality
      "neurotizism" and "depressivity". Concerning "neurotizism" statistically
      significant differences could be found between liver-patients and healthy persons
      in a tendency to a significant increase among liver-patients, but not between
      liver-patients with other diseases. The tendency to "depressivity" of healthy
      persons could be statistically evaluated as being much greater than that of liver
      patients; there were no differences between liver-patients and patients with
      other diseases. That is why liver-patients do not differ psychically from
      patients suffering from other diseases; they share their reaction to the
      occurrence of disease - in various degrees until a neurotic lack of active
      realization of the fact of illness. Liver-diseases apparently are not triggered
      or caused by special pre-morbid alterations.

PMID- 964911
TI  - [Thoughts on the new examination regulations for physicians].

PMID- 964912
TI  - [Desire for children and the practice of family planning].
AB  - Of 1647 women in confinement (mean age 26years) and 185 students nurses (mean age
      18 years), the majority wanted two children. 8% of the women in confinement and
      2% of the student nurses had received no previous family planning information,
      whereas 38% of the women in confinement and 81% of the student nurses had
      practiced contraceptive methods with a Pearl-index of 3 or less (oral
      contraceptives, basal-temperature-method). 31% of the women in confinement had
      already had unplanned pregnancies (mean: 1.4 pregnancy per woman). The last
      pregnancy was not planned in 27% and in these 4 out of 5 pregnancies were caused
      by incorrect application of the contraceptive method. Faulty practices and
      unsatisfactory results, in spite of the availability of secure contraceptive
      methods, emphasize the necessity of intensifying family planning. Because
      programmes including personal counsel have yielded better results, these should
      be favoured and include a clinical post partum programme. The latter was
      considered necessary by 95% of the women attending such a programme in our
      hospital.

PMID- 964913
TI  - [Ambulatory tubal sterilization using a plastic clip].
AB  - The ambulant sterilization of the ovarien tubes with the plastic clip represents
      a notable method among the operative sterilization methods. With this method,
      failures can be totally avoided. The bloodless proceeding in the intraperitoneal
      region results in a minimum of operational risks. The postoperative morbidity is
      0%. The clip sterilization takes a few minutes and can be done with intubation or
      Trapanal/fluothane narcosis in the ambulance. The possibility of refertilization
      is still to be discussed. From April 1974 till April 1975 this method for
      sterilization was employed in 97 patients. There were no complications or
      failures seen.

PMID- 964914
TI  - [Copper-7 intrauterine device (Gravigard). Report of experience].
AB  - Within 2 years 258 women aged 16 to 42 years were fitted with a copper-7-IUD
      (Gravigard, Searle). 45% of these patients were nulliparous women. Follow-up
      studies were provided in 236 cases in a total of 2717 women-months according to
      an average time of observation of 11.5 women-months per patient. Altogether there
      occurred 5 unwanted pregnancies with a Pearl-Index of 2.3. Partial or total
      expulsion occurred in 27 cases (11%). Fourteen out of 27 expulsions were noticed
      within the first 2 months after insertion. Removals for medical reasons were
      requested in 36 cases-in the majority (26 cases) because of bleeding and pain.
      Thirteen women desired removal of the IUD in order to get either pregnant or
      sterilized. The continuation rate after 2 years was 73%. The highest number of
      drop-outs occurred within the first year after insertion (60 cases = 23%) whereas
      only 4% drop-outs occurred in the 2nd year. It was suggested that the low
      continuation rate might be partially due to the high number of physicians (19)
      participating in this study. The most important side effects of the copper-7-IUD
      in situ were irregular bleeding, intermenstrual pain and discharge. Irregular
      bleeding and pain decreased markedly after the first year, while slightly
      prolonged periods persisted in 30 to 50% of all patients. Compared with oral
      contraceptives copper IUDs hav less severe side effects but less safety at the
      same time-especially for the younger fertile age group. Therefore they should be
      offered to young nulliparous women only for a limited period of time.

PMID- 964915
TI  - Demonstration of neuraminidase activity in human blood serum and human milk using
      a modified, radioactively labelled alpha1-glycoprotein as substrate.
AB  - N-Acetylneuramini acid of alpha1-glycoprotein was oxidized with a small molar
      excess of periodate and reduced with tritium-labelled borohydride. By this method
      about 50% of the N-acetylneuraminic acid was converted to its radioactively
      labelled C8-analog and 25% to its C7-analog. Using this modified alpha1
      glycoprotein as substrate, minimum neuraminidase concentrations of 10(-18)
      units/ml, related to the activity of neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae, could be
      determined. Neuraminidase activity was demonstrated in 95% of the sera or blood
      plasma samples from a series of 417 healthy or ill human individuals and in milk
      samples from 5 different donors. The neuraminidase in both serum and milk had
      optimal activity at pH 5.5. On an average, 10(-10) neuraminidase units were found
      in 1 ml serum and 10(-8) units in 1 ml milk. Although the neuraminidase
      activities in the sera varied, a correlation with definite pathological states is
      not yet possible. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase activity could not be
      detected in human serum.

PMID- 964916
TI  - Metabolic transformation of colchicine, IV[1]. On the interaction of colchicine
      and colchiceine with sulfhydryl compounds.
AB  - The interaction of colchicine and one of its metabolites, O10-demethylcolchicine
      (colchiceine), with sulfhydryl compounds was studied in several experimental
      systems. Colchiceine protects reduced glutathione from oxidation by atmospheric
      oxygen. Inactivation of enzymes with catalytically essential sulfhydryl groups is
      prevented by colchiceine. In affinity chromatographic experiments, Agarose-bound
      colchiceine adsorbs sulfhydryl enzymes which may be eluted specifically by SH
      compounds like mercaptoethanol. No such effects are shown by colchicine. The data
      demonstrate a novel type of biochemical reactivity in the metabolite colchiceine
      with potential biological relevance.

PMID- 964917
TI  - Uptake of cortisol by isolated rat liver cells. A phenomenon indicative of
      carrier-mediation and simple diffusion.
AB  - The uptake of cortisol by isolated rat liver cells was studied. Cortisol was
      taken up rapidly; the uptake increased with increasing temperature and reached a
      plateau after 45 s at 37 degrees, C, after 60 s at 27 degrees C, and after 90 s
      at 22 degrees C; at 5 degrees C the uptake increased linearly with time. The
      uptake was linear up to 1.5 mg of cell protein. Analysis of uptake as a function
      of increasing concentration of cortisol in the external medium indicated the
      presence of two saturable systems: a high-affinity system with an apparent Km
      value of 190 +/- 25 nM and a low-affinity system with an apparent Km value of
      2200 +/- 180 nM. Above 600 nM, the rate of uptake of cortisol increased almost
      linearly with increasing cortisol concentration. Treatment of cells with KCN or
      2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited the two saturable components, leaving the
      nonsaturable system unaffected. The affinity constants, Ka, were 6 X 10(6) M-1
      and 0.6 X 10(6) M-1 for the high and low affinity components, respectively. These
      values increased approximately two-fold when uptake rates were corrected for
      diffusion. Cortisone and corticosterone inhibited the uptake of cortisol by liver
      cells competitively; dexamethasone inhibited cortisol uptake noncompetitively.
      Similarly, oestrone, oestradiol and testosterone decreased the uptake of
      cortisol, at a concentration of 2000 nM in the external medium, by 20, 49 and 35
      percent, respectively; the inhibition was noncompetitive. p
      Chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene decreased
      the uptake of cortisol. Ouabain did not influence the uptake of cortisol; varying
      the external sodium concentration also did not affect uptake of cortisol. Cyclic
      3',5'-adenosine monophosphate had a stimulatory effect. The results show that the
      first step, before cortisol is bound to intracellular binding proteins, is the
      uptake of cortisol by proteins in the plasma membrane. At lower concentrations of
      cortisol, uptake takes place by saturable processes; at higher concentrations
      saturation is not achieved, indicating that simple diffusion becomes the major
      route of transport into the cell. The proteins in the plasma membrane probably
      function as carriers to transport the glucocorticoid into the cell.

PMID- 964918
TI  - The complete amino acid sequences of both subunits of the sweet protein monellin.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of both chains of the sweet protein Monellin have been
      determined. Since chain separation could not be accomplished easily, cyanogen
      bromide cleavage at the only methionine residue (in the B-chain) was performed
      and the three products obtained after cyanogen bromide cleavage were separated.
      For the identification of amino acid phenylthiohydantoins, high performance
      liquid chromatography was employed. Thus 37 out of a total of 44 residues of the
      A chain and 40 out of a total of 42 residues of the large CNBr fragment of the B
      chain could be determined after Edman degradation of the polypeptides on an
      automated sequenator.

PMID- 964919
TI  - [Quantitative determination of taurine and glycine in the picomole range using
      [14C]dansyl chloride (author's transl)].
AB  - Taurine, a possible neurotransmitter, and the transmitter substance glycine can
      be determined quantitatively in the picomole range using [14C]dansyl chloride
      even in the presence of a several thousand fold excess of other amino acids.
      However, it is necessary to eliminate the excess of dansyl chloride after
      complete reaction by adding diethylamine. In corresponding microchromatograms on
      3 X 3 cm polyamide sheets the dansyltaurine is clearly separated as a
      circumscript spot without fluorescing contaminations. But commercial [14C]dansyl
      chloride preparations regularly contain radioactive impurities which do not
      fluoresce and therefore can only be detected by autoradiography. Since one of
      these labelled impurities migrates with the usual solvents together with
      [14C]dansyltaurine during chromatography a method is described for a
      chromatographic separation of [14C]dansyltaurine from these impurities. As
      internal standards for preparing calibration curves, alpha-phenylglycine and
      sarcosine are used. gamma-Aminobutyric acid as well as glutamic acid can react
      with dansyl chloride to form the corresponding lactams. These lactam rings can be
      converted with ammonia into the corresponding amides (dansylglutamine and dansyl
      gamma-aminobutyramide).

PMID- 964920
TI  - Isolation of a procollagen peptide from amniotic fluid.

PMID- 964921
TI  - Amino acid sequence of human fibrin. Preliminary note on the order of peptides
      obtained by cleaving the gamma-chain at the methionyl and arginyl bonds.

PMID- 964922
TI  - Proceedings: X-ray diffraction analysis of immunoglobulin structure.

PMID- 964923
TI  - Proceedings: The structure of products of the major histocompatibility complex.

PMID- 964924
TI  - Storage of mannose-containing material in cultured human mannosidosis cells and
      metabolic correction by pig kidney alpha-mannosidase.
AB  - Skin fibroblasts from healthy individuals and a mannosidosis patient were
      cultured in the presence of [2-3H] mannose and the cell homogenates were
      fractionated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation into a precipitable and a non
      precipitable portion. In uptake as well as in chase experiments the precipitable
      fractions show no significant difference in their content of radioactivity, while
      an increased level of radioactivity is found in the non-precipitable fraction of
      mannosidosis cells. This higher radioactivity content is due to a higher mannose
      content and is caused by a slower degradation of this fraction. The differences
      between the metabolisms of the two cell lines can be expressed by the ratio of
      radioactivity in the non-precipitable and the precipitable fractions. This value
      is about three times higher for mannosidosis than for control cells. Pig kidney
      alpha-mannosidase is taken up by both cell lines and is able to correct the
      impaired degradation of the non-precipitable material in mannosidosis cells, as
      shown by the normalization of the above defined ratio of radioactivity for this
      cell type.

PMID- 964925
TI  - Determination of arginine in the reactive site of proteinase inhibitors by
      selective and reversible derivatization of the arginine side chain.
AB  - Reversible and selective modification of the guanidino group by 1,2
      cyclohexanedione or 2,3-butanedione in borate buffer was applied to identify
      arginine residues in the reactive sites of proteinase inhibitors. The ability of
      the method to distinguish between arginine and lysine residues was examined.
      Trypsin inhibitors with arginine at the reactive site were almost completely
      inactivated within 2 h, e.g. the low-molecular weight inhibitors from soybeans
      (Kunitz), peanuts and porcine seminal plasma. Inhibitors of the lysine-type were
      not inactivated by 1,2-cyclohexanedione/borate, e.g. the bovine
      trypsin/kallikrein inhibitor, the trypsin inhibitors from cow colostrum, porcine
      pancreas, or snail epidermis (isoinhibitor K from Helix pomatia), and the human
      alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-antitrypsin). However, 2,3-butanedione/borate
      does not show this high specificity. The method was applied to four high
      molecular weight proteinase inhibitors from the albumin gland of the snail (Helix
      pomatia). All four inhibitors were subject to inactivation by the reagent,
      indicating an arginine residue at the reactive site. Evidence is given by NMR,
      UV, and titration data that a complex is formed from 1,2-cyclohexanedione and
      borate. Due to this complex formation, the amount of free carbonyl component is
      drastically decreased. Since 1,2-cyclohexanedione without borate lacks the high
      specificity for arginine residues, the borate complex of the reagent is presumed
      to be responsible for the high specificity. The new procedure for identification
      of reactive sites is based on a reversible modification of the guanidium group of
      the arginine residues.

PMID- 964926
TI  - Occurrence of multiple forms of bull and ram acrosin during proenzyme activation
      and inhibition of activation by p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate.
AB  - Proacrosin was extracted from freshly ejaculated bull and ram spermatozoa with
      acidic buffer solution pH 3.0, and was partially purified by gel filtration to
      remove acrosin inhibitors. The occurrence of multiple active forms during
      proacrosin activation at pH 7.8 was monitored by active enzyme staining of
      samples after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.8. For comparison, the
      protein pattern of such activation samples was also determined after sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proacrosin activation was
      completely prevented in the presence of 10(-4) M p-nitrophenyl p'
      guanidinobenzoate.

PMID- 964927
TI  - [Binding of insulin analogs to partially purified insulin receptor from rat liver
      membrane (author's transl)].
AB  - The insulin binding fraction was solubilized from rat liver membrane vesicles by
      triton and partially purified up to the specific binding activity of 2.1 pmol/mg.
      A further characteristic of the partially purified soluble receptor is a decrease
      in irreversible binding to 0.36% (+/- 0.28) with regard to total iodine insulin
      and to (+/- 1.8) in comparison to reversible binding. From Scatchard plots a high
      affinity binding site (KD = 5 X 10(-10)M) with low capacity (5 pmol/mg) and a low
      affinity binding site (KD = 3 X 10(-8) M) with high capacity (30 pmol/mg) can be
      seen. With carefully prepared liver membrane vesicles, the dissociation constant
      of the high affinity binding site from Scatchard plot is only 2 X 10(-9)M. With
      liver membrane vesicles, isolated for preparative purification procedure, the
      high affinity binding site could not be demonstrated. Displacement studies with
      insulin analogs were performed with [A1-D-alanine] insulin, [A1-L-alanine]
      insulin, [des-Gly-A1, NB1, NB29-(Msc)2]-insulin, proinsulin and [desoctapeptid
      B23-B30]-insulin. Results of binding measurements are presented in half-maximal
      iodo-insulin binding, in determination of inhibitor- and dissociation constants
      from Dixon-, Scatchard- and Lineweaver-Burk plots. There are equal relative
      binding potencies of analogs, observed with crude membrane vesicles and partially
      purified soluble receptor, although there is a 50-fold difference in specific
      binding activity. Biologically active insulins are characterized by strong
      binding to the high affinity binding site. The binding to the low affinity
      binding site is not correlated to the biological activity of the insulin analog.
      With insulin and biologically responsive analogs a non-linear curve in the double
      reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plot can be observed. Analogs with low biological
      activity show a linear dependency. Functional interactions of insulin with the
      receptor can be demonstrated in a high affinity binding with the first binding
      site of the Scatchard plot and in a non-linear hyperbolic Lineweaver-Burk plot.

PMID- 964928
TI  - On the biosynthesis of plasmalogens during myelination in the rat. VIII[1].
      Incorporation of 1-[1-14C] alkyl-2-acyl-3-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine with
      different fatty acids.
AB  - The uptake of 14C labelled alkyl chains into the alkenyl chains of plasmalogens
      was estimated 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after intracerebral administration of different
      substrates to 14 day-old rats  We used as substrates 1-[1-14C] alkyl-3-sn
      glycerophosphoethanolamines, containing in the 2-position of the glycerol residue
      a stearoyl (substrate I), an oleoyl (II), an archidonoyl (III), a 4, 7, 10, 13,
      16, 19-docosahexaenoyl (IV) or no acyl residue (substrate V, so-called lysoether
      phosphatide). 1) If the fatty acid in the 2-position of the substrate is a
      saturated one (as in experiment I), the recovery of radioactive alkyl chains is
      relatively high, but their desaturation is very slow and seems not to reach its
      maximum even after 72 h. 2) If a substrate with an unsaturated fatty acid in the
      2-position is applied, the number of radioactive chains (alkyl plus alkenyl)
      depends on the chain length and/or the number of double bonds in the fatty acids.
      The desaturation of the alkyl chains, however, reaches its maximum about 48 h
      after application (except for substrate IV). 3) Not only is the recovery of
      radioactivity in the glycerophosphoethanolamine lipids by far the highest in
      experiment V at any time, but also the total activity of the alkenyl chains has
      already reached a maximum 24 h after application.

PMID- 964929
TI  - A computer-controlled peptide synthesizer.

PMID- 964930
TI  - On the mode of action of eucaryotic initiation factor 1.
AB  - A factor isolated from the human tonsillar ribosomal wash specifically stimulated
      the poly (U)-dependent binding of Phe-tRNA to 40S subunits at low Mg2+
      concentration and without any requirement for GTP. The stimulated binding of Phe
      tRNA to 40S particles was inhibited in proportion to added deacylated tRNA. The
      factor was inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide, but in the presence of 40S subunits a
      considerable protection was observed. 40S subunits, incubated with the factor and
      isolated by centrifugation, carried significant factor activity. The results
      imply that the human tonsillar factor, which shows a great functional analogy to
      the eucaryotic initiation factor 1 from other sources, exerts its effect by an
      initial interaction with the 40S subunit.

PMID- 964931
TI  - [Aminolysis and racemization of activated esters with the use of high
      temperatures (author's transl)].
AB  - The reactivities in aminolysis of the benzyl, phenyl, p-nitrophenyl and
      pentachlorophenyl esters of benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanine were ascertained at
      different temperatures up to 90 degrees C and the occurrence of racemization
      investigated. It turned out that the protective function of the benzyloxycarbonyl
      group in relation to the racemization was conserved, even at the high
      temperatures used in the peptide synthesis.

PMID- 964932
TI  - A rapid method for dry weight determination of proteins on a micro scale with an
      electrobalance.
AB  - A method to determine the dry weight (0.25-2 mg) of aqueous protein solutions
      within 1 h, using an electrobalance, is described. The drying of 50-200 mul
      solution pipetted onto a glass fiber disc is carried out in vacuo at 70 degrees C
      until the recorded dry weight becomes constant (within 25-40 min). It has been
      shown that the dried residue can subsequently be used for other purposes, such as
      quantitative amino acid analyses. The method is also suitable for the
      determination of moisture content in lyophilized protein samples.

PMID- 964933
TI  - Medical device legislation: more responsibility for hospitals?

PMID- 964934
TI  - Applying value analysis to food purchasing.

PMID- 964935
TI  - Accreditation problems. Revised medical record services section.

PMID- 964936
TI  - Teaching patient care, research facilities integrated in compact hospital design.

PMID- 964937
TI  - Energy and planning turn hospital around.

PMID- 964938
TI  - Hospital indicators. Comparison of annual and panel surveys.

PMID- 964939
TI  - Know how to analyze costs in evaluating savings projects.

PMID- 964940
TI  - University hospital develops model quality assurance program.

PMID- 964941
TI  - Bed utilization improved under program's three review phases.

PMID- 964942
TI  - Information system benefits hospital, improves patient care.

PMID- 964943
TI  - Improvement in employee morale linked to variety of agents.

PMID- 964944
TI  - Student work projects benefit health care administration.

PMID- 964945
TI  - Industry spokesman comments on Medical Device Amendments of 1976.

PMID- 964946
TI  - Viewing the hospital as a working environment.

PMID- 964947
TI  - Hospitals and professionals--a changing relationship.

PMID- 964948
TI  - Interpretation of roentgenogram.

PMID- 964949
TI  - Giant medical center offers all major services on all floors.

PMID- 964950
TI  - City-county hospital contract provides free care for rape victims.

PMID- 964951
TI  - Quarterly report on hospital financial status.

PMID- 964952
TI  - Training, employment, wages soar as health care industry expands.

PMID- 964953
TI  - Management can reverse declining employee work attitudeoblem solving.

PMID- 964954
TI  - What price human resources?

PMID- 964955
TI  - The hospital and the community--an interdependent relationship.

PMID- 964956
TI  - A hospital's educational system can develop manpower to best use.

PMID- 964957
TI  - The caring employer helps the troubled employee.

PMID- 964959
TI  - Maximizing patient questionnaires.

PMID- 964958
TI  - Responsive management fosters cooperative environment.

PMID- 964960
TI  - Records back to 1928 help hospital notify patients of radiation's effects.

PMID- 964961
TI  - Medical Device Act: impact on hospitals and industry.

PMID- 964962
TI  - PL 94-317: opportunity for health education, promotion.

PMID- 964963
TI  - Developing multihospital arrangements: some practical considerations.

PMID- 964964
TI  - Operational dimensions of one multihospital system.
AB  - The pressing realities of health care delivery in the 1970s call for new
      solutions and fresh approaches to health care administration. The Lutheran
      Hospitals and Homes Society of America was founded to assist communities that
      were encountering difficulties in providing for the health care needs of their
      people. This article describes how the society meets these needs through a
      multihospital approach in which the "parent" organization totally operates its
      member facilities rather than fragmenting its services by allowing member units
      to utilize one or more of its services.

PMID- 964965
TI  - Effectiveness of hospital administrators: a study.
AB  - A survey study of the effectiveness of hospital administrators was conducted by
      Graduate Studies in Health Services Management, University of Missouri, Columbia.
      The purpose of the study was to determine whether or not hospital administrators
      and others knowledgeable about hospital administrators believe that these
      professionals are effective in their work. In general, administrators, chiefs of
      staff, and board chairmen rated the administrator's effectiveness higher than did
      directors of health agencies.

PMID- 964966
TI  - Planning for nursing service.

PMID- 964967
TI  - Training supportive personnel on the environmental aspects of infection control.

PMID- 964968
TI  - A better understanding of ethylene oxide sterilization: it's advantages,
      disadvantages, and costs.

PMID- 964970
TI  - To mat or not to mat.

PMID- 964969
TI  - Fabric flammability legislation: what it means to hospitals.

PMID- 964971
TI  - How the revised unit management program at Cook County Hospital eliminated 87
      jobs and saved $400,000.

PMID- 964972
TI  - The Golden Rule--in the shape of your smile or do you really project I'm OK-
      you're OK?

PMID- 964973
TI  - Ten rules to bridge the communication gap between the health-care professional
      and his computer systems department.

PMID- 964974
TI  - The need for a patient drug profile.

PMID- 964975
TI  - Affirmative action, sound personnel management.

PMID- 964976
TI  - Combined or separate academic departments of clinical and morphologic pathology:
      a pragmatic approach.

PMID- 964977
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 964978
TI  - Fat distribution in the adrenal cortex as an indication of the mode of
      intrauterine death.
AB  - The presence of fat in the fetal zone of the adrenal cortex in the stillborn
      macerated fetus is indicative of the mode of intrauterine death. Three basic
      patterns are recognized. In the type I pattern there is only a scant amount of
      fat, close to the medullary zone. In the type II pattern fat is more widespread
      and is present in many more cells of the fetal zone. The type III pattern
      reflects a massive fatty change of almost all cells throughout the fetal cortical
      zone. Correlation of the three fat patterns with the pathology of the placenta
      and clinical data relevant to the etiology of intrauterine death has led to the
      following conclusions. The type I fat pattern is indicative of an acute mode of
      death, the type II pattern is indicative of a more prolonged period of
      intrauterine deterioration prior to death, whereas the type III pattern is
      indicative of a chronic mode of death. Determination of the fat patterns in the
      fetal zone of the adrenal cortex can be helpful when the clinician is confronted
      with the problem of fetal death, especially when maceration may hamper more
      detailed pathologic studies.

PMID- 964979
TI  - Malignant fibrillo-caveolated cell carcinoma of the human intestinal tract.
AB  - The ultrastructural features of a peculiar midgut carcinoid, containing
      cytoplasmic filaments, fibrils, and caveolae, are presented. Because of the
      morphologic similarities between the tumor cells and the recently described
      intestinal caveolated cell, it is proposed that the cells of the reported
      carcinoid represent the malignant counterpart of this new type of cell. The name
      suggested for this variant of a tumor of the enterochromaffin group of intestinal
      endocrine cells is malignant fibrillocaveolated cell carcinoma.

PMID- 964980
TI  - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: a clinicopathologic study and review of
      the literature.
AB  - We received the clinical records and pathologic material of 20 patients with
      biopsy proven hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The majority of the patients
      were females of child bearing age, five of whom had a history of oral use of
      contraceptives. In every instance focal nodular hyperplasia was an incidental
      finding; liver function tests were always normal. Focal nodular hyperplasia is a
      distinct histopathologic entity, distinguishable from liver cell adenoma.
      Specifically it consists of nodular aggregates of cytologically normal
      hepatocytes with foci of intranodular bile duct proliferation. Focal nodular
      hyperplasia appears to be a benign entity, even in patients in whom the lesion
      was not excised. The association between focal nodular hyperplasia and oral use
      of contraceptives may be coincidental, although hormonally related vascular
      changes may be responsible for rupture of the lesion.

PMID- 964981
TI  - Structural basis of ventricular arrhythmias in human myocardial infarction: a
      hypothesis.
AB  - The present study was undertaken using light and electron microscopic techniques
      to determine whether Purkinje fibers survive in the subendocardial region of
      anteroseptal infarcts in humans. Tissue was obtained for this purpose from 11
      patients with 12 documented infarctions at the time of autopsy; six patients died
      within 72 hours of the infarction and five had healed infarcts. Seven of the 11
      patients had ventricular arrhythmias. Light microscopic study indicated that
      intact cells with a normal appearance remained on the subendocardial surface,
      although the underlying ventricular muscle either was necrotic or was replaced by
      fibrous tissue. Electron microscopy demonstrated that these intact surviving
      cells over the surface of the infarct had few randomly oriented myofibrils,
      abundant glycogen, and other characteristics of Purkinje fibers. These cells
      could be readily distinguished from normal or infarcted ventricular muscle cells.
      Purkinje fibers, the most peripheral part of the conduction system, survive in
      extensive anteroseptal infarcts and may be the site of origin of ventricular
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 964982
TI  - Multiple sebaceous adenomas and internal malignant disease: a case report with
      chromosomal analysis.
AB  - A case of multiple sebaceous adenomas associated with internal malignant disease
      is further documented. Thirteen similar cases reported in the literature are also
      reviewed. We support the thesis that this association represents a unique
      syndrome. It can be seen in both sexes and usually is manifested during the fifth
      and sixth decades. A family history of malignant disease was revealed among seven
      of the nine cases mentioned. Of the other skin lesions, keratoacanthoma is also
      frequently seen. The internal malignant tumors most commonly afflict the
      gastrointestinal tract, especially the large intestine. With proper treatment the
      internal tumors appear to be of a low degree of malignancy. However, these
      patients have a propensity to develop muliple visceral tumors and require
      periodic follow-up. Some patients develop skin tumors prior to the discovery of
      internal malignant disease, an event that offers some prognostic value.
      Chromosomal study of the cultured blood lymphocytes by the Giemsa banding
      technique failed to reveal any abnormality.

PMID- 964983
TI  - A new case of trisomy for the distal part of 13q due to maternal translocation,
      t(9;13)(p21;q21).
AB  - The first child of a mother with a balanced translocation (9;13) revealed a
      trisomy for the distal third of 13q. Clinical signs were microcephaly,
      hemangiomata, long incurved eyelashes, strabismus, enlarged bridge of the nose,
      abnormally long philtrum, high-arched palate, low set ears, hexadactyly of the
      four extremities, umbilical and inguinal hernias, neonatal respiratory distress,
      psychomotor and growth retardation. The proband presented also male
      pseudohermaphroditism and trigonocephaly. This last trait is the object of a
      discussion in which cases of partial trisomy 13q cited in the literature are
      considered for study of the incidence of this dyscephaly in this partial
      syndrome.

PMID- 964984
TI  - Familial C/D translocation t(9;13)(9p23.13q21) in a male associated with
      recurrent abortion.
AB  - A familial reciprocal translocation, established by R-banding as t(9;13)
      (9p23;13q21), is described in a phenotypically normal male carrier, whose father
      is also a balanced carrier and wife had four consecutive spontaneous abortions.
      The role of translocation in reproductive failure through production of
      chromosomally unbalanced gametes or by impairment of the spermatogenesis is
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 964985
TI  - Normal meiosis in two 47,XYY men.
AB  - Details of testicular histology and meiosis are given for two 47,XYY men, one an
      oligospermic childless individual, the other a fertile man with near-normal
      spermatogenic activity in his testes. Examination of the chromosomes at meiosis,
      with "Q" and "C" staining, gave no evidence for the occurrence of the second Y
      chromosome in the germ line of either individual.

PMID- 964986
TI  - Follow-up till age 3--4 of unselected children with sex chromosome abnormalities.
AB  - Follow-up examination of 15 unselected children with aneuploid sex chromosome
      abnormalities has been made till between the age of 2 1/2 and 5 years. The mental
      development of the 15 children was in all cases within the normal range, but
      there was a tendency to some differences compared with their siblings.

PMID- 964987
TI  - Fine structure of 33 258 H-treated chromosomes.
AB  - Metaphase chromosomes of mouse strain L cells show strikingly uncondensed
      pericentric heterochromatic regions after treatment of living cells with the
      benzimidazol-derivative 33 258 Hoechst. In electron micrographs of total
      preparations after G-band staining the chromosomes are seen to be made up of
      irregularly folded fibrils of 200-400 A in diameter. In the uncondensed regions
      only very few fibrils laid loose loops are present, making it probable that only
      one fibril forms one chromatid.

PMID- 964988
TI  - The human leukocyte test system. IX. DNA synthesis and mitoses in PHA-stimulated
      2-day cultures set up with Eagle's mimimal essential medium (MEM).
AB  - In human leukocyte cultures set up with Eagle's MEM and stimulated with Difco's
      PHA M, DNA synthesis and mitotic indices were analyzed by means of 3(H)-thymidine
      autoradiography and cell counting from 23 up to 52 h after culture initiation.
      Considerable amounts of DNA synthesis and mitoses were found in this time span.
      This resembles the results found with Ham's F-10 medium. However, the DNA
      synthesis pattern and the distribution of mitotic indices a higher yield of
      asynchrony in Eagle's MEM as compared with Ham's F-10 cultures. Proportions of
      first, second, and third mitoses at 72 h culture time were determined with
      different methods.

PMID- 964989
TI  - Bf polymorphism: study of a new variant (F0.55).
AB  - A variant band in the Bf polymorphism has been found in the serum of a healthy
      women, her mother, her sister, and two brothers. By direct comparison the band
      was found to migrate faster than F but slower than F1. It is highly probable that
      the band represents a new allele at the Bf locus, Bf 0.55. The new allele was
      transmitted in this family together with the HLA haplotype A11, B27.

PMID- 964990
TI  - Heterogeneity of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen dwarfism.
AB  - Sibs with apparent Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen (DMC) dwarfism and normal intelligence
      are described. Three other familial and 3 sporadic cases with DMC dwarfism and
      normal intelligence are known. Twelve familial and 9 sporadic cases are known
      with the usual combination of DMC dwarfism and severe mental retardation. Since
      the two conditions appear to breed true they seem to be genetically different. We
      propose to name the former "Smith-McCort dwarfism" to clearly distinguish it from
      the DMC syndrome in which mental retardation is a constituent part. Both
      conditions are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. Spinal cord compression
      due to atlantoaxial instability is a serious and preventable complication of both
      disorders.

PMID- 964991
TI  - Polymorphism of properdin factor B in South African Negroid, Indian and Colored
      populations.
AB  - Properdin factor B phenotypes were determined in 7 Bantu speaking Negroid
      populations, 1 Indian, and 1 Colored population of South Africa in a total of
      1258 individuals. In the Negroid populations allele frequencies were: BfF 0.655,
      BfS 0.282, BfRARE 0.063, in the Indian population: BfF 0.322, BfS 0.645, BfRARE
      0.033, and in the Colored population: BfF 0.513, BfS 0.435, BfRARE 0.052. In
      addition, 2 so far unknown F alleles and possibly 1 new S allele were discovered.

PMID- 964992
TI  - A familial tetraphocomelia syndrome involving limb deformities, cleft lip, cleft
      palate, and associated anomalies--a new syndrome.
AB  - This paper reports a rare malformation syndrome which is observed in two sibs
      (brother and sister) of a family. It consists of nearly symmetric reductive
      defects of the limbs, flexon contractures of various joints, cleft lip and cleft
      palate, multiple minor abnormalities including capillary hemangioma of the
      forehead, hypoplastic cartilages of ears and nose, micrognathia, intrauterine
      growth retardation, and possibly mental retardation. Chromosomes of both parents
      and propositi are normal. Genetic data suggest autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 964993
TI  - Unbalanced 13q/21q translocation: a revised study of the case previously reported
      as 21-monosomy.
AB  - Reexamination was made on a male infant previously reported as 21-monosomy.
      Extensive chromosome banding analyses in the patient and parents disclosed an
      unbalanced de novo translocation between chromosomes 13 and 21. The patient's
      karyotype was interpreted as 45,XY,--13,--21+der(13),t(13;21) (q2 or 3;q1 or
      2)pat. The patient showed many clinical features characteristic of 13q--syndrome.

PMID- 964994
TI  - Tertiary trisomy, 47,XX,+14q--, resulting from maternal balanced translocation,
      46,XX,t(14;16)(q11;q24).
AB  - A 3-year-old child with tertiary trisomy (14 (+14q--), daughter of a mother with
      a balanced reciprocal translocation [46,XX,t(14;16)(q11;q24) is presented.
      Craniostenosis and developmental retardation were the primary presenting features
      in this patient.

PMID- 964995
TI  - [Translocation of the Y chromosome to an autosome in a boy with hypogonadism
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 964996
TI  - Center for Barr body condensation. A case of Turner's syndrome with
      45,X/46,X,dic(X) (Xqter leads to p22::p22 leads to qter).
AB  - An 11-year-old girl with karyotype 45,X/46,X,dic(X) (Xqter leads to p22::p22
      leads to qter) is presented. The abnormal X is always found to be the inactive
      and late replicating X, and according to previous investigations by Therman et
      al. (1974) part of the cells are seen to have bipartite Barr bodies.

PMID- 964997
TI  - Partial trisomy 4q syndrome: case report and review.
AB  - This communication contributes an additional case of partial trisomy for the long
      arm of chromosome 4[46,XX,t(X;4)(Q27;Q25)]. Three generations of the patient's
      family were karyotyped and her mother and brother were found to be balanced
      translocation carriers. From the patient's clinical examination and from review
      of 13 similar cases reported in the literature, the following phenotype emerged:
      constant features were psychomotor retardation, muscle hypotonia at birth,
      undescended testes in all males and abnormal auricles, typically with a prominent
      antitragus. Anomalies of kidneys and other structures of the urinary system were
      present consistently as probably the most characteristic feature of the syndrome.
      Over 200 structural anomalies of other systems were reported, many of the common
      to other autosomal chromosomal syndromes.

PMID- 964998
TI  - A 46,XY, del(18)(pter leads to p1 100:) cebocephalic child from a
      46,XX,t(12;18)(18pter leads to 18 p 1100:: 12qter leads to 12pter) normal parent.
AB  - A normal female with an 18p--chromosome but without any feature of the 18p-
      syndrome produced a cebocephalic child whose karyotype included an 18p-
      chromosome. Evidence is presented that the normal female is a nonreciprocal
      translocation heterozygote resulting from the short arm of one chromosome 18
      becoming attached to the long arm of a chromosome 12.

PMID- 964999
TI  - Acromesomelic dwarfism: description of a patient and comparison with previously
      reported cases.
AB  - A woman is described who has a severe bone dysplasia confined to the limbs. The
      degree of involvement is more marked in the distal bones. Her forearms and legs
      are short; the fibulae are represented by distal triangular remnants; the
      metacarpals are short, several phalanges in the fingers are absent; and the toes
      are represented by "ball-like" remnants containing a single bone. The findings in
      our patient are compared to previously reported cases of acromesomelic dwarfism.

PMID- 965000
TI  - Maternal cell contamination: a problem in amniocentesis.

PMID- 965001
TI  - Nucleolus organizer and satellite association in a variant D-group chromosome.
AB  - A No. 15 chromosome with a short arm longer than usual is observed in two
      phenotypically normal brothers. This chromosome appears to have no visible
      satellite, shows no N-band staining, and is never involved in satellite
      association. These results have led us to the conclusion that this chromosome
      lacks the nucleolus organizer region.

PMID- 965002
TI  - A new, high frequency variant of alpha1-antitrypsin.
AB  - A new variant of alpha1-antitrypsin has been detected with the aid of isoelectric
      focusing on polyacrylamide slab gels. In contrast with many other variants this
      new alpha1-antitrypsin allele is found in 10-15% of the phenotypes examined. The
      electrophoretic properties of the new alpha1-antitrypsin variant in isofocusing
      polyacrylamide gels differ only slightly from the most common alpha1-antitrypsin
      allele M. On the basis of its electroforetic behaviour we propose the term MN to
      indicate this new protease inhibitor variant. The isofocusing technique employed,
      provides an easy to handle, very reproducible method for determining the alpha1
      antitrypsin phenotype and can be employed for large scale screening.

PMID- 965003
TI  - Assignment of a gene for human mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD-M, EC
      1.1.1.41) to chromosome 15.
AB  - Segregation analysis of human biochemical markers and chromosomes in human-mouse
      somatic cell hybrids allowed to demonstrate synteny of ICDM with the genes for
      phosphomannose isomerase and pyruvate kinase and to assign the linkage group to
      human chromosome 15.

PMID- 965004
TI  - Rapid detection of glyoxalase I (GLO) on cellulose acetate gel and the
      distribution of GLO variants in a Dutch population.
AB  - A rapid electrophoretic procedure is described for detecting the human red cell
      glyoxalase I variants (GLO 1, GLO 2-1, and GLO 2) on cellulose acetate gel
      (cellogel) on which the sites of enzymed activity are visualized as purple bands
      against white background. The frequency of GLO1 gene in a Dutch population living
      in and around Leiden was found to be 0.4544.

PMID- 965005
TI  - Persistence of high intestinal lactase activity (lactose tolerance) in
      Afghanistan.
AB  - Two hundred and seventy apparently healthy adult subjects from Afghanistan,
      mainly from the central and eastern parts of the country, were subjected to a
      lactose tolerance test. The change of blood glucose from the fasting
      concentration at 20 min after the administration of lactose showed a bimodal
      distribution. Forty-seven subjects had a rise of blood glucose concentration of
      more than 1.1 mmol/l and were classified as persistence of high intestinal
      lactase activity (PHILA), a term which lays emphasis on the fact that high
      lactase activity in the adult is an unusual state whose prevalence in some
      populations requires explanation. In the Afghan sample there were no significant
      differences of the frequency of PHILA in different ethnic groups.

PMID- 965006
TI  - ESD polymorphism in Norway.
AB  - ESD phenotype distribution and allele frequencies in 217 Norwegians and 196
      Norwegian Lapps are presented. There is good accordance with Hardy-Weinberg
      distribution, ESD1 allele frequencies are 0.887 in the Norwegians and 0.872 in
      the Lapps.

PMID- 965007
TI  - Premature chromosome condensation in irradiated man.
AB  - Micronuclei and premature chromosome condensation previously described in
      mammalian cells exposed to different types of irradiation and chemicals in vitro
      or in vivo could be demonstrated in cultured lymphocytes derived from chronically
      low-dose irradiated persons. The usefulness of these findings for biological
      recording of irradiation effects is suggested.

PMID- 965008
TI  - [A further chromosome analysis in induced abortions (author's transl)].
AB  - The cytogenetic data of 500 unpublished cases of induced abortions are reported.
      The incidence of gross chromosome abnormalities was 7.4% (37/500). The
      frequencies of chromosome abnormalities after 6 gestational weeks decreased
      gradually with advancing the gestational weeks, while the frequency in the group
      of 5 gestational weeks remained considerably high as 25.0%.

PMID- 965009
TI  - Leukocyte peroxidase in Spielmeyer-Vogt's disease.
AB  - Leukocyte peroxidase activity was estimated in 5 patients with the juvenile form
      of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Spielmeyer-Vogt's disease) and in 15 healthy
      controls. In contradiction to recent reports normal activity of p-phenylene
      diamine mediated peroxidase was found in the patients. The possible role of
      contamination of the white cell preparation with hemoglobin is discussed.

PMID- 965010
TI  - A case of trisomy for the short arm of chromosome no. 9(+9(p)).
AB  - A new case of "free" trisomy for the short arm of No. 9 chromosome identified by
      Giemsa staining and "Giemsa-11 technique" is reported.

PMID- 965011
TI  - Familial 13p+ chromosome with mental retardation and dysmorphic features of two
      children.
AB  - Chromosomal studies of two brothers with mental retardation and dysmorphic
      features showed a 13p+ chromosome. The same 13p+ chromosome was found in the
      father and the other sib, who were both phenotypically normal. The relationship
      between the physical abnormalities and the chromosomal findings are discussed.

PMID- 965012
TI  - Deletion of the short arms of chromosome 20.
AB  - A 46, XX, del(20) (p11) karyotype (Paris Conference, 1971) was identified in an
      11-month-old French-Canadian girl with a dysmorphic syndrome, multiple congenital
      anomalies, psychomotor and growth retardation. Both parents had normal phenotype
      and karyotype.

PMID- 965013
TI  - Ring Y chromosome: 45,X/46,Xr(Y) chromosome mosaicism in a phenotypically normal
      male with azoospermia.

PMID- 965014
TI  - Plant tissue culture media.

PMID- 965015
TI  - The different actions of normal and supranormal calcium concentrations on the
      proliferation of BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells.
AB  - In the presence of a normal (1.25 to 1.80 mM) calcium concentration, addition of
      fresh bovine calf serum or completely changing the medium induces proliferatively
      quiescent BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells in dense cultures to start a growth division
      cycle and initiate DNA synthesis about 12 hr later. Fresh, low-calcium (0.02 mM
      physiologically available) medium also causes cells to start a growth-division
      cycle. Howver, the development of such stimulated, calcium-deprived cells tops
      just before the expected time of initiation of DNA synthesis, which can then be
      rapidly induced by restoration of the normal calcium concentration. Simply
      raising the calcium concentration to nonphysiologically high levels (without
      otherwise altering the medium) can mimic the action of fresh serum or fresh whole
      medium by inducing some of the cells in proliferatively quiescent confluent
      concluent cultures to start a growth-division cycle and initiate DNA synthesis 22
      hr later.

PMID- 965016
TI  - The role of the gas phase in the greening and growth of illuminated cell
      suspension cultures of spinach (Spinacia oleracea, L.).
AB  - The gas phase developed above spinach suspension cultures critically affected
      their growth and greening. Ethylene accumulation inhibited greening; this effect
      of ethylene was antagonised when the culture gas phase was enriched with carbon
      dioxide.  Greening was enhanced by reducing the partial pressure of oxygen below
      the air level; this effect was observed when oxygen supply did not restrict
      growth.

PMID- 965017
TI  - Changes in soluble proteins in callus cells of hypersensitive tobacco inoculated
      with tobacco mosaic virus.
AB  - Protein changes occurred in callus cells of hypersensitive tobacco (Nicotiana
      tabacum var. Xanthi-nc) 72 hr after inoculation with tobacco mosaic virus and
      incubation on a minimal growth medium. Two protein bands, serologically related
      to viral coat protein, were obtained from extracts of infected cells following
      electrophoresis on 7% and 10% polyacrylamide gels. An additional, slower
      migrating protein, perhaps due to virus-induced stimulation of a host protein,
      also was detected. Although local lesions appeared on callus after 40 hr of
      incubation, four proteins previously reported in lesion-bearing hypersensitive
      tobacco leaves were not found. The possible significance of this and the
      usefulness of a callus-TMV system as a tool to study virus-induced protein
      changes are discussed.

PMID- 965018
TI  - Cancer mortality trends in Nagpur city, 1958-72.

PMID- 965019
TI  - Hair sheath tumours of scalp.

PMID- 965020
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in Western India. A report of 6 cases.

PMID- 965021
TI  - Vascular hamartoma of the mediastinum.

PMID- 965022
TI  - Mitomycin-C combined with radiotherapy in the management of carcinoma cervix--a
      preliminary report on 251 consecutive cases.

PMID- 965023
TI  - Temperature rhythm--an index of tumour regression and mucositis during the
      radiation treatment of oral cancers.

PMID- 965024
TI  - The reaction of blood vessels to tumour invasion.

PMID- 965025
TI  - Studies in lipid composition of various subcellular fractions obtained from human
      normal and malignant "cervix uteri".

PMID- 965026
TI  - An "in vitro" method for the prediction of hormone dependency of human breast
      tumours by succinic dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 965027
TI  - Immunological studies on human oral cancer. Effect of inoculation of small doses
      of cauterized tumour antigen.

PMID- 965028
TI  - Response of C3H (mect) -- a subline of C3H strain-to gonadectomy.

PMID- 965029
TI  - Bilateral malignant tumour of the testis. A case report.

PMID- 965030
TI  - Jejunal adenocarcinoma. Report of two cases.

PMID- 965031
TI  - Mesenteric tumour with features of phaeochromocytoma (a case report).

PMID- 965032
TI  - Non-articular villous synovitis (a case report).

PMID- 965033
TI  - [Measles and its complications in Hamburg from 1960 to 1973 (author's transl)].
AB  - A study of measles was undertaken from the case histories of 3 093 children under
      15 years of age, treated in the children's clinics of Hamburg between 1960 to
      1973. 562 children were suffering from pneumonia (18,2%), 230 had otitis (7,4%)
      and 229 (7,4%) showed neural affections (143 cases with fits and 86 patients with
      encephalopathy or encephalitis), Various parameters were analysed: age, sex,
      seasonal distribution, fatality, age disposition to convulsions and measles
      encephalitis, "incubation period" of neural affections, sequelae. Permanent
      sequelae due to measles encephalitis were seen in 14% of the cases. A plea is
      made for an universal immunisation against measles.

PMID- 965034
TI  - [Seasonal patterns of coronavirus infections in Hamburg].
AB  - During a serological surveillance programme between October 1974 and September
      1975 in Hamburg, 1624 sera from all age groups of the population were examined
      for the presence of coronavirus antibodies (OC 43 agent). 61,51% of the sera
      showed HI-titres between 1:8 and 1:128. The geometric mean antiboty titre (GMT)
      for the whole group was 1:12,2. The serological seasonal pattern suggests that
      coronaviruses are circulating the whole year in the urban population with a
      prevalence in the cold and a decrease in the warm season (June). The highest
      incidence of seropositive reactions (82,9%) was found in the 15-24 years old
      individuals (GMT 1:13,8). These data indicate an increased spread of
      coronaviruses in this segment of the population and a marked susceptibility of
      the group.

PMID- 965035
TI  - The solubilization of HLA antigens with detergents and partial characterization
      of the antigen-detergent complexes.

PMID- 965036
TI  - Enzymic and immunochemical properties of lysozyme--XV. Delineation of the
      reactive site around the two central disulfides by immunochemical studies of
      novel synthetic peptides that contain diglycyl bridges instead of disulfides.

PMID- 965037
TI  - Properties of bovine colostral IgG1 anti-DNP antibodies--II. Circular dichroism
      studies.

PMID- 965038
TI  - Characterization of antibodies to the native human collagens and to their
      component alpha chains in the sera and the joint fluids of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 965039
TI  - Applicability of the WBGT index of heat stress to work situations in India.

PMID- 965040
TI  - A fresh look at the definition of tuberculous infection and new infection.

PMID- 965041
TI  - Weekly variations in the dietary intake of low-socio economic group families in
      an urban area.

PMID- 965042
TI  - Bacteriological study of Ganges water at Varanasi.

PMID- 965043
TI  - Transmissible drug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae. II. Incidence of R factor
      among enteric organisms isolated from diarrhoea cases and normal healthy
      individuals.

PMID- 965044
TI  - Plasma angiotensin activity in cirrhosis of the liver and idiopathic portal
      hypertension.

PMID- 965045
TI  - Interrelationship between serum enzymes and hyperbilirubinemia in human subjects.

PMID- 965046
TI  - Excretion and conjugation pattern of urinary 17-ketosteroids in normal Indians.

PMID- 965047
TI  - Experimental frostbite in rats : a new technique for screening antifrostbite
      medicaments.

PMID- 965048
TI  - Immuno-therapy of methyl cholanthrene induced and spontaneous tumors in mice by
      use of tumor vaccine, neuraminidase and BCG.

PMID- 965049
TI  - Effect of normal syngeneic lymphoid cells on growth of methyl cholanthrene
      induced fibrosarcomas in mice.

PMID- 965050
TI  - Effect of syngeneic sensitized lymphoid cells on incidence and growth of methyl
      cholanthrene-induced and spontaneous tumors in mice.

PMID- 965051
TI  - Tubal occlusion by hysteroscopic electrocoagulation.

PMID- 965052
TI  - Effect of a low dose of medroxy progesterone acetate on the reproductive organs
      and fertility of male rats.

PMID- 965053
TI  - Sequential liver and abdominal area imaging procedure in the differential
      diagnosis of jaundice.

PMID- 965054
TI  - Urinary photocatabolites of bilirubin in jaundiced neonates.

PMID- 965055
TI  - Nodular lesions of the thyroid in an area of high background radiation in coastal
      Kerala, India.

PMID- 965056
TI  - Isolation of Wanowrie virus from brain of a fatal human case from Sri Lanka.

PMID- 965057
TI  - Effect of ultra low-volume aerial spray of phosphomidon (organophosphorous
      insecticide) on human volunteers: a field surveillance study.

PMID- 965058
TI  - Studies on the basal metabolic rate--boys and girls in Varanasi.

PMID- 965059
TI  - Sweat loss of nitrogen and other nutrients during heavy physical activity.

PMID- 965060
TI  - A possible mechanism of Leptaden action by inhibiting prostaglandin F2alpha
      synthesis.

PMID- 965061
TI  - Comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of various extracts of Curcuma longa
      (Linn).

PMID- 965062
TI  - Pulmonary fat deposition in advanced hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 965063
TI  - A comparison of skinfold measurements by Harpenden and Una calipers.

PMID- 965064
TI  - Growth pattern of well-to-do Hyderabad pre-school children.

PMID- 965065
TI  - Prevalence of non-specific sensitivity of tuberculin in a South Indian rural
      population.

PMID- 965066
TI  - Haptoglobin, transferrin and hemoglobin patterns in a Muslin isolate of
      Hyderabad.

PMID- 965067
TI  - A comparative study of gastric acid secretion with histamine and pentagastrin in
      duodenal ulcer patients before and after vagotomy.

PMID- 965068
TI  - Tetanus myopathy.

PMID- 965069
TI  - Cell modulation in the regenerating liver following partial hepatectomy: an
      autoradiographic study.

PMID- 965070
TI  - A note on Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901, in villages near Delhi.

PMID- 965071
TI  - Double aetiology involving parasites and viruses proposed for dengue haemorrhagic
      fever and shock syndrome.

PMID- 965072
TI  - Studies on the nature of the inhibition of the tumour forming ability of Walker
      carcino-sarcoma cells in rats by chick interferon.

PMID- 965073
TI  - Hypoglycaemic activity of Acacia catechu, Acacia suma, and Albizzia odoratissima
      seed diets in normal albino rats.

PMID- 965074
TI  - Experimental hemorrhagic shock: fluid requirements.

PMID- 965075
TI  - Effect of glucose on the activity of feeding centres before and after
      parasagittal cuts between medial and lateral hypothalamus.
AB  - Intracarotid administration of isotonic glucose (0.5 ml of 5.4%) in the starving
      albino rats produced an increase in the multiunit activity (MUA) of ventromedial
      hypothalamus (satiety centre) and a decrease in the MUA of the lateral
      hypothalamic area (feeding centre). Intracarotid infusion of normal saline did
      not change the MUA of any of these centres. Parasagittal knife cuts placed in
      between the satiety and feeding centres did not affect the responsiveness of
      these centres to glucose administration as indicated by the recorded multiunit
      activity.

PMID- 965076
TI  - A comparative study of several methods for recording spontaneous motor activity
      in mice under drug effects.
AB  - Various existing methods of recording motor activity in animals are briefly
      reviewed. An electronic adaptation of an old one, the Jiggle cage, is described.
      The relative advantages and demerits in recording behaviour of mice under drug
      effects are compared with those of the traditional Jiggle cage, an
      electromagnetic activity counter and observational ratings.

PMID- 965077
TI  - In vitro anthelmintic action of some indigenous medicinal plants on Ascardia
      galli worms.
AB  - Different parts of ten indigenous medicinal plants were screened for their in
      vitro anthelmintic activity against Ascaridia galli worms of the birds.
      Preparations from Carica papaya, Sapindus trifoliatus, Butea frondosa and
      Momordica charantia were more effective than piperazine hexahydrate.

PMID- 965078
TI  - A new approach to the chemotherapy of bovine theileriasis: use of
      diethylcarbamazine citrate.

PMID- 965079
TI  - [Identification of dextrans using rapid fluid chromatography].
AB  - It is reported about an analytical method for routine control of clinical
      dextrans, a method which is considerably quicker than the previously used ones.
      It is based on the application of HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography) to
      permeation chromatography of dextrans on controlled pore glass beads (CPG). The
      time required for a permeation chromatogram of a dextran sample could be reduced
      to less than one hour. Calibration curves, necessary for the evaluation of the
      chromatograms, were established by use of Pharmacia-Testdextrans.

PMID- 965080
TI  - [New system for no-wait continuous infusion of several different solutions using
      an additional apparatus].
AB  - This article introduces a simple coordination system for two or more infusion
      liquids. Solutions drip down one after the other in a continuous flow, with no
      attendance required, two or more infusion containers being connected in a way
      described below. There is no intermingling of solutions when using non-rigid
      containers, and only a slight one when using glass or plastic material. The check
      valves work through the pressure exerted by the columns of liquid, the containers
      being placed on different levels. The essential advantages are: less discomfort
      and less danger for patients and staff. The system can be used for a washing
      drainage.

PMID- 965081
TI  - [Osmolality problems].
AB  - This is a survey about all factors influencing the osmotic pressure. The actual
      osmotic pressure in the plasma of healthy individuals is regulated essentially by
      the natrium ions and the corresponding anions. The one exception is the
      dysfunctioning diabetes mellitus with distinctly advanced hyperglycaemia.
      Syndromes with an accompanying azotemia demonstrate a seeming hyperosmolality as
      long as the osmotic pressure is measured or calculated by the customary method.
      The real and present osmotic condition can only be calculated when the blood urea
      concentration is no longer considered. It is proposed that the term "corrected
      osmolality" be used for the values determined in this manner.

PMID- 965082
TI  - [Nutrition problems in kidney diseases].
AB  - The practice of dietetic therapy is unusual today for patients suffering from
      renal failure without hypertension and reduction of glomerular filtration rate.
      Specific treatment is needed, however, for arterial hypertension, uremia,
      calculus and uralith disease. Experiments in rats showed, that a lot of uremic
      symptoms following poorly functioning kidneys are partly at least caused by
      disturbances in amino acid metabolism. Uremia patients with dysfunctioning plasma
      protein metabolism (transferrin, complement, cholinesterase, prealbumin and
      retinolbinding protein) need oral, respectively parenteral substitution of
      essential amino acids. This substitution is very important under catabolic stress
      conditions in uremic syndrome with and without vividialysis treatment.

PMID- 965083
TI  - [Effect of canrenoate potassium on intraoperative disturbances of electrolyte
      equilibrium].
AB  - In 61 patients the influence of canrenoate potassium on the shift of electrolytes
      during the intraoperative phase is studied. Without medication of canrenoate
      potassium depletion of potassium, magnesium and zinc occurs, a sign of transitory
      intraoperative hyperaldosteronism. On the other hand, preoperative and
      intraoperative infusion of 1000 mg canrenoate potassium prevents an increased
      excretion of electrolytes. Causes and consequences of the electrolyte depletion
      as well as the effect of canrenoate-potassium medication are discussed.

PMID- 965084
TI  - Ability of temperature-sensitive mutants of the recombinant influenza S/N (H2N1)
      virus to induce immunity to parental (H0N1 and H2N2) viruses.
AB  - The behavior in mice of two thermosensitive (ts) mutants (denoted ts217 and
      ts700) of the recombinant influenza virus S/N (H2N1) was studied. The parental
      thermoresistant (tr) virus and both of the mutants were capable of inducing
      protection against pneumotropic A/Singapore (H2N2) and A/WS (H0N1) challenge
      viruses. Immunity against the Singapore virus, with which the S/N virus shared
      the hemagglutinin, developed earlier than against the WS virus, with which the
      S/N virus shared the neuraminidase. The tr and ts217 viruses were immunologically
      more active than the ts700 virus. The first two viruses grew markedly better in
      mouse lungs than did the latter. In the course of ts217 virus replication in
      vivo, revertants capable of growing at 39 degrees C appeared readily. On the
      other hand, the ts700 virus proved to be genetically stable. These data seem to
      provide evidence of a linkage between the stability of the ts phenotype,
      reproductive capacity in mouse lungs, and immunogenicity in the viruses examined.

PMID- 965085
TI  - Comparison of replication of adenovirus type 2 and type 4 in human lymphocyte
      cultures.
AB  - Adenovirus type 2 was capable of replicating in purified lymphocyte cultures from
      human adenoid specimens. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation enhanced the replication
      of virus. Viral titers of 103 to 104 50% tissue culture infective doses per ml
      were reached after 4 to 8 days. Only 1 to 3 per 106 cells were found to produce
      virus. In contrast, there was no evidence that lymphocyte cultures could support
      the replication of adenovirus type 4. The life span of cultures infected with
      type 2 or 4 was not reduced. The possibility that lymphocytes infected with virus
      play a role in initiating natural, persisting adenovirus infections of human
      adenoids is discussed.

PMID- 965086
TI  - Isolation of a purified skin test antigen from Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast
      phase cell wall.
AB  - Preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to isolate individual
      components of an alkaline-soluble-water-soluble fraction of the cell wall of
      Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast phase. One component isolated demonstrated
      exceptional specificity and reactivity when tested on guinea pigs infected with
      B. dermatitidis. This component displayed no cross-reactivity when tested on
      animals infected with Histoplasma capsulatum. The significance of isolation of a
      purified, specific antigen is discussed.

PMID- 965087
TI  - Significant contribution of spleen cells in mediating the lethal effects of
      endotoxin in vivo.
AB  - Two closely related, histocompatible mouse strains that have marked differences
      in both in vitro and in vivo responses to endotoxin were used to evaluate the
      contribution of lymphoid cells to the lethal effect of endotoxin. C3H/HeJ mice
      are endotoxin resistant, whereas C3H/HeN mice are endotoxin sensitive. In vitro
      spleen cell mitogenic responses to endotoxin were similar in untreated mice and
      in mice that received sublethal irradiation (450 R) followed by reconstitution
      with autologous spleen cells. Reconstitution with spleen cells from the related
      strain produced chimeric animals with spleen cell mitogenic activity like that of
      the donor strain. When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of
      endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells.
      C3H/HeJ animals reconstituted with C3H/HeN cells became more endotoxin sensitive,
      whereas C3H/HeJ cells became more endotoxin resistant. These results indicate
      that spleen cells play a significant, detrimental role in endotoxin-induced
      lethality.

PMID- 965088
TI  - Hepatitis B antigen-associated deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity and e
      antigen/anti-e system.
AB  - Serum samples of 403 asymptomatic blood donors carrying hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HB5Ag) were concentrated threefold and tested for e antigen and antibody
      to e antigen (anti-e) by immunodiffusion. Hepatitis B antigen (HBAg)-associated
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase activity was specifically determined by
      the difference in incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine 5' -triphosphate into DNA
      by an aliquot of centrifuged serum samples after it had been treated either with
      normal rabbit serum or with rabbit antibody to HBSAg. All of 58 serum samples
      containing e antigen revealed HBAg-associated DNA polymerase activity, whereas
      none of 96 samples containing anti-e did. In the remaining 249 samples in which
      neither e antigen nor anti-e was found, 62 showed specific DNA polymerase
      activity, although at lower levels than the samples containing e antigen.

PMID- 965089
TI  - Immunological relationships between glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus
      mutans serotypes.
AB  - Partially purified glycosyltransferase enzymes for Streptococcus mutans GS-5
      (serotype c) have been utilized to prepare antibodies directed against the
      soluble glucan-synthesizing activity, GTF-B, and the insoluble-soluble glucan
      synthetic activity, GTF-A. Anti-GTF-A inhibited insoluble glucan formation
      catalyzed by the extracellular enzymes from strains GS-5 and FA-1 (serotype b) to
      a much greater extent than that of strains HS-6 (serotype a) or OMZ-176 (serotype
      d). This antibody fraction also inhibited both the cell-associated
      glucosyltransferase activities as well as the sucrose-mediated adherence of cells
      to glass surfaces by strains GS-5 and FA-1 but not that of strains HS-6 and OMZ
      176. Anti-GTF-B inhibited soluble glucan formation catalyzed by the extracellular
      enzymes of strains GS-5 but not that of strain HS-6, FA-1, or OMZ-176. However,
      this antibody fraction did not strongly inhibit either the cell-associated
      glycosyltransferase activity or cellular adherence of any of the four strains.
      These results with body antibody fractions were also correlated with the ability 
      of the antibodies to agglutinate the cells and form precipitin bands after
      immunodiffusion with the extracellular enzymes. Antibody prepared against the
      homogeneous soluble glucan-synthesizing enzyme demonstrated similar effects to
      the anti-GTF-B fraction. These results are discussed in terms of the antigenic
      relationships existing between the glucosyltransferases from different serotypes
      of S. mutans.

PMID- 965090
TI  - Requirements for ingestion of Chlamydia psittaci by mouse fibroblasts (L cells).
AB  - Ingestion of 14C-amino acid-labeled Chlamydia psittaci (6BC) by mouse fibroblasts
      (L cells) was inhibited when the host cells were incubated for 30 min at 37
      degrees C in Earle salts containing 10 mug of crystalline trypsin per ml. Tryptic
      digestion also inhibited the ingestion of 1-mum polystrene latex beads. Trypsin
      treated L cells almost completely recovered their ability to ingest chlamydiae
      after 4 h at 37 degrees C in medium 199 with 5% fetal calf serum. Cycloheximide
      (10 mug/ml) blocked this recovery. Heating 14C-amino acid-labeled C. psittaci for
      3 min at 60 degrees C inhibited its ingestion by L cells, whereas inactivating it
      with ultraviolet light was without effect on the ingestion rate. These results
      show that efficient ingestion of C. psittaci by L cells involves trypsin-labile
      sites on the host and heat-sensitive sites on the parasite. The failure of excess
      unlabeled infectious C. psittaci to promote the ingestion of 14C-labeled heat
      inactivated chlamydiae suggests that direct interaction between these two sites
      must occur for uptake to proceed normally.

PMID- 965091
TI  - Serological and genetic examination of some nontypical Streptococcus mutans
      strains.
AB  - Thirty-four strains of Streptococcus mutans whose antigenic or genetic positions
      were unclear or unknown with respect to the serological scheme of Bratthall
      (1970) and Perch et al. (1974), or the genetic (deoxyribonucleic acid base
      sequence homology) scheme of Coykendall were analyzed to clarify their
      relationship to previously well-characterized strains. Strain OMZ175 of the "new"
      serotype f was genetically homologous with strains of S. mutans subsp. mutans.
      Strains of the "new" serotype g were homologous with serotype d strains (S.
      mutans subsp. sobrinus). Strains isolated from wild rats constituted a new
      genetic group but carried the c antigen. Thus, strains within a "genospecies"
      (subspecies) of S. mutans may not always carry a unique or characteristic
      antigen. We suggest that the existence of multiple serotypes within subspecies
      represents antigenic variation and adaptations to hosts.

PMID- 965092
TI  - Molecular forms of neurotoxins in proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B
      cultures.
AB  - A modified purification method was used to isolate the neurotoxin of proteolytic
      Clostridium botulinum type B strain Lamanna. The preparation was found to be a
      mixture of two protein forms. They were of molecular weight 152,000 and could not
      be separated by ion-exchange chromatography or electrophoresis in polyacrylamide
      gel. One was a single polypeptide chain, and the other was a dichain molecule
      (nicked toxin) held together by an interchain disulfide bond(s). Trypsinization
      increased the toxicity of the toxin preparation and converted the single-chain
      molecules into dichain forms that were indistinguishable from the endogenously
      generated nicked toxin. A protease of the type B culture, with substrate
      specificity similar to that of trypsin, did not change detectably the molecular
      form of unnicked type E toxin, although toxicity was increased. Higher toxicity
      was obtained when unnicked type E was trypsinized; the resulting preparation
      contained only nicked toxin molecules.

PMID- 965093
TI  - Susceptibility of mice treated with cyclophosphamide to lethal infection with
      Leptospira interrogans Serovar pomona.
AB  - Mice not normally susceptible to infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar
      pomona were rendered susceptible to lethal infections by treatment with a single
      dose of 300 mg of cyclophosphamide (Cy) per kg administered optimally from 4 days
      before to 1 day after infection. Cy-treated mice with either passively or
      actively acquired antibody were protected from death. Blood levels of leptospires
      in infected untreated and in Cy-treated mice remained similar until 2 days after
      infection, when untreated mice cleared the leptospires. Soon afterwards,
      opsonizing and agglutinating antibody appeared. Cy-treated mice given spleen
      cells from other normal or specifically immune mice were protected from
      infection. An important factor in the natural resistance of mice to leptospiral
      infection appears to be their capacity to produce circulating antibody within 48
      to 72 h. Applications are suggested for this animal model in vaccination and
      protection studies.

PMID- 965094
TI  - Use of semisolid agar from initiation of pure Bacteroides fragilis infection in
      mice.
AB  - The development of a pure Bacteroides fragilis infection in mice is described.
      The infection produces large subcutaneous abscesses at the site of injection
      which can be observed grossly within 7 days after injection. The infection was
      initiated by infection of pure cultures grown in semisolid agar medium. Similar
      infections were also produced with pure cultures of B. distasonis, B. ovatus, B.
      thetaiotaomicron, and B. vulgatus. However, a distinct deoxyribonucleic acid
      homology group, formerly classified as B. thetaiotaomicron, did not produce
      abscesses in any of the mice tested.

PMID- 965095
TI  - Ultrastructural and biochemical alterations effected by viridin B, a bacterocin
      of alpha-hemolytic streptococci.
AB  - Viridin B, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus mitis strain 42885, was shown
      previously to exert a bactericidal effect against a Neisseria sicca strain but
      only a bacteriostatic effect against a coagulase-negative staphylococcus. In the
      present report, this dual effect was defined further. Viridin B caused the
      appearance of mesosomes in both indicator strains early in the course of
      exposure. Whereas mesosomes were the only noticeable alterations in the
      staphylococcal strain at all times of exposure to bacteriocin, progressive
      changes occurred in the N. sicca cells involving the nucleoid and cytoplasmic
      contents and resulting in the appearance of bacterial ghosts. Biochemical studies
      indicated a rapid and complete cessation of the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in
      N. sicca and in the staphylococcus. Whereas the incorporation of [3H]leucine and
      [3H]uridine in N. sicca was completely stopped, such incorporation was only
      reduced in the staphylococcus.

PMID- 965096
TI  - Relationship of bacteriophages to alpha toxin production in Clostridium novyi
      types A and B.
AB  - The relationship of specific bacteriophages to the production of the lethal alpha
      toxin in Clostridium novyi types A and B was investigated. When type A strain
      5771 reverted to the phage-sensitive state, it ceased to produce alpha toxin but
      continued to produce the gamma and epsilon antigens. This "nontoxigenic" culture,
      therefore, more closely resembled C. botulinum types C and D than the other C.
      novyi types. Phage-sensitive type B strains also ceased to produce the alpha
      toxin but continued to produce the beta toxin, and therefore very colesly
      resembled C. novyi type D (C. haemolyticum). Alpha toxin was again produced when
      the phage-sensitive cultures were reinfected with the respective tox+ phages.
      Alpha toxin production could also be induced in the "nontoxigenic" phage
      sensitive derivatives from type B strain 8024 by tox+ phages isolated from other
      strains of type B. tox- phages were also isolated, but they did not affect alpha
      toxin production. The tox+ phages also caused a marked change in the colonial
      morphology of type B strains. In this report we present evidence that alpha toxin
      production by C. novyi type A strain 5771 and type B strain 8024 depends upon the
      continued presence and participation of specific bacteriophages designated as
      NA1tox+ and NB1tox+, respectively.

PMID- 965097
TI  - Morphological and antigenic relationships between viruses (rotaviruses) from
      acute gastroenteritis of children, calves, piglets, mice, and foals.
AB  - The reovirus-like particles present in the feces of young pigs and foals with
      acute enteritis and the virus causing epizootic diarrhea of infant mice were
      found to be indistinguishable morphologically from each other, from the South
      African SA. 11 and "O" viruses, and from the rotaviruses of children and calves.
      The inner capsid layer of each of these viruses reacted seriologically with sera
      of children, calves, mice, piglets, and foals convalescent from infection with
      their respective rotaviruses. These sera reacted by immunofluorescence with
      human, bovine, porcine, and murine rotaviruses, SA.11, and "O" viruses in tissue
      cultures and with human bovine, procine, nad murine viral antigens by complement
      fixation and gel diffusion. However, the antisera differed in their ability to
      react serologically with the outer capsid layer of the viruses investigated and
      in their ability to neutralize tissue culture-adapted calf virus. These two tests
      may demonstrate strain or host specificity among rotaviruses. Since the porcine,
      murine, and equine viruses are closely related serologically to and are
      morphologically identical to the human and bovine viruses, they should be
      included in the group of viruses for which the term "rotavirus" has been
      suggested. All known members of this proposed group of viruses share a common
      antigen, probably situated within the inner capsid layer; thus, any one of the
      viruses may be used for the preparation of antigen or antibody for diagnostic
      tests, and this will aid in the diagnosis of virus infection in those species
      from which a rotavirus has not been cultured.

PMID- 965098
TI  - Reovirus-like agent associated with fatal diarrhea in neonatal pigs.
AB  - Large numbers of a reovirus-like agent were visualized with electron microscopy
      in bacteria-free gut homogenates obtained from piglets with a fatal diarrhea
      resembling transmissible gastroenteritis. The syndrome, of vomiting, diarrhea,
      dehydration, and death, was reproduced in piglets artificially infected with
      these bacteria-free gut homogenates. Reovirus-like particles persisted in serial
      piglet passage and none was seen in uninfected, asymptomatic controls.
      Hyperimmune sera (made in recovered piglets) aggregated the reovirus-like
      particles, as judged by immunoelectron microscopy, and neutralized the infectious
      agent. The cytoplasm in enterocytes on infected intestinal epithelium fluoresced
      when this hyperimmune sera was used in an indirect fluorescent antibody test.
      Feeding cow colostrum or diets containing porcine gamma globulin protected
      infected piglets. No cytopathogenic effect was noted in infected tissue cultures,
      nor did this agent affect neonatal guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, and rats. The
      agent did not agglutinate human O or A erythrocytes.

PMID- 965099
TI  - H and M antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum: preparation of antisera and location
      of these antigens in yeast-phase cells.
AB  - Antiserum has been prepared in rabbits against the H and M antigens of H.
      capsulatum with immunoelectrophoretic precipitin arcs used as vaccines. The
      antiserum is specific for H. capsulatum in the immunodiffusion test and can be
      used as reference serum for identifying antibodies to these antigens in sera from
      suspected cases histoplasmosis. We found that (1) hand m antigens are not located
      on the surface of yeast-phase cells and (ii) complement fixation releases the
      antigens reactive in the complement fixation test from yeast-phase cells.

PMID- 965100
TI  - Effect of aeromonas salmonicida (furunculosis) infection on the incorporation of
      [1-14C]acetate into lipids of trout liver.
AB  - [1-(14)C]acetate is incorporated into lipids more rapidly by liver from Aeromonas
      salmonicida-infected trout than by normal trout liver, both in vitro and in vivo.
      The increase was, in general, about twofold to less than threefold.

PMID- 965101
TI  - Comparison of the in vitro bactericidal activity of human serum and leukocytes
      against bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium mortiferum in aerobic and
      anaerobic environments.
AB  - In aerobic and anaerobic in vitro environments, Fusobacterium mortiferum was
      killed by human leukocytes or serum alone or in combination; clinical isolates of
      Bacteroides fragilis were killed only by leukocytes in the presence of serum.

PMID- 965102
TI  - Binding of morphine by serum globulins from morphine-treated rabbits. II.
      Antibody nature of the binding globulins.
AB  - Data are presented which show that the increased binding of morphine by sera from
      rabbits which had been treated with morphine in an appropriate manner is mediated
      by immunoglobulins and is specific. These observations, together with findings
      reported in the preceding paper, suggest that morphine or one of its derivatives
      can evoke specific immune responses. It seems most likely that the response is
      evoked by a complex, formed in vivo, of a tissue or serum protein and morphine or
      one of its metabolites.

PMID- 965103
TI  - Characteristics of guinea pig IgE.
AB  - Anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody was produced in guinea pigs (GP) by
      immunization and repeated boosters with 1 mug DNP-Ascaris extract in A1 (OH)3.
      The isoelectric point was determined to be 6.48 and the molecular weight to be
      185,000 daltons. In absorbtion chromatography, rabbit anti-GPIgG1 could not
      absorb the anaphylactic activity of the IgE. The activity of IgE was destroyed by
      heating at 56 degrees C for 1 h. IgE persisted in the skin for at least 3 weeks.

PMID- 965104
TI  - Bovine reaginic antibody. I. Rat mast cell degranulation by bovine allergic
      serum.
AB  - A method of utilizing morphological changes in rat mast cells to determine
      reaginic antibody activity in bovine serum is described. This technique, which
      has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of allergies in man, relies on the
      ability of antigen to degranulate mast cells sensitized with allergic serum.
      Experiments with radioactively-labelled allergic bovine globulin indicated the
      specificity of the binding of such proteins to rat mast cells. Cross-reaction
      between reaginic bovine antibody and human IgE was shown by a binding assay
      involving the uptake of 125I-labelled anti-human IgE globulin by mast cells
      incubated with bovine passive cutaneous anaphylaxis positive globulin.

PMID- 965105
TI  - In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. V. The value of repeated testing using
      several batches of the allergen extract.
AB  - The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) has been used for in vitro diagnosis of
      allergy in a selected group of children with asthma and allergic
      rhinoconjunctivitis. The results were compared with those of provocation tests
      and also with the results of skin tests. Where the results of RAST and the
      provocation tests differed, repeated tests were performed, initially in vitro and
      secondly in vivo. Selected commercial allergens of good quality were used and,
      for the most part, the same allergen batches were used in RAST, in the
      provocation tests and in the skin tests. A 76% correlation between RAST and
      provocation tests was found on preliminary investigation before divergent results
      were repeated. This degree of correlation is similar to that obtained previously
      in unselected patients using RAST as a part of the routine diagnostic. On
      repeated examination, agreement was obtained in an additional 16% of the cases.
      The major part of the improvement (13%) was due to conversion of preliminary RAST
      results from negative to positive in children with positive provocation tests. To
      a minor extent, the improvement was due to the fact that in, some children with
      positive RAST, negative provocation tests became positive when repeated. Finally,
      in one case an originally positive RAST in a child with a negative provocation
      test was found to be negative on re-examination. Comparing the final revised
      results of RAST and provocation tests there were no cases where a negative
      provocation test was combined with a positive RAST. Nearly all the children with
      positive provocation tests in spite of a negative RAST were shown to have low
      degree allergy. Although circulating reaginic antibodies are not always present,
      it seems that, on repeated investigations, the great majority of children with
      asthma and hay fever can be shown to have such antibodies even though the serum
      concentration may be low or very low. In doubtful cases repeated RAST
      examinations may be of value.

PMID- 965106
TI  - Activation and consumption of Hageman factor in the anaphylactic shock of the
      rat.
AB  - In the early stages of anaphylactic shock of rats pretreated with Bordetella
      pertussis vaccine, a prompt and parallel activation of the factor XIIa-dependent
      intrinsic coagulation, kinin generation, and fibrinolytic acticity was observed.
      The coagulation studies, the similarity of anaphylactic results with those
      produced by a single injection of ellagic acid, and the effective inhibition of
      the anaphylactic and the ellagic acid-induced activation of these pathways by
      lysozyme all suggest that factor XII itself becomes activated in rat anaphylaxis.
      As the reaction proceeded, considerable anticoagulant activities emerged, but the
      bradykinin and the plasminogen activator levels even further increased. During
      the first 10 min of anaphylactic shock, factor XII was partly consumed and this
      was prevented by epsilon-aminocaproic acid infusion. The results show that in
      pathological conditions such as anaphylaxis there is an intimate in vivo
      interaction among the three factor XIIa-dependent pathways.

PMID- 965107
TI  - Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the domestic fowl.
AB  - Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) has been demonstrated in young and adult
      domestic fowl using antisera obtained from actively sensitized chickens on the
      day of their maximal susceptibility to systemic anaphylaxis. Young chickens are
      more sensitive to histamine and PCA reaction than adults. The PCA reaction was
      inhibited by the H1-histamine receptor blocker, mepyramine. In the PCA reaction
      of 2 h sensitization period, the main exudating cells were heterophils,
      mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages) and some basophils.
      This study suggests a possible role for circulating basophils in the mediation of
      early acute inflammatory reaction of immunological origin.

PMID- 965108
TI  - Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) skin test in predicting prognosis in cancer patients.
AB  - The response to intradermal injection of 1 mug of purified PHA was found to
      correlate with survival of patients with advanced solid tumours treated by
      chemotherapy, with responders surviving longer than non-responders. In patients
      with prolonged survival, the reaction was enhanced. Negative intradermal response
      to PHA was found to be less common in cancer patients than negative responses to
      tuberculin or streptokinase, and was more easily reversed by successful
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 965109
TI  - Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs elicited by gastric absorption of
      dextran induced by acetylsalicylic acid.
AB  - Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was elicited in guinea pigs sensitized with
      rabbit antidextran by the absorption of dextran macromolecules from the stomach
      induced by intragastric acetylsalicylic acid. The gastric contents had a pH
      sufficiently low to maintain the acid mainly in the unionized form since it is
      the latter which alters gastric permeability. The acid concentration required to
      induce PCA was below that which caused mucosal cell loss or bleeding. The maximal
      molecular weight of the absorbed dextran was approximately 25,000. Dextran was
      chosen as antigen because of its well-characterized physical and immunological
      properties. It is suggested that ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid may contribute
      to sensitization and allergic reactions to antigenic food materials by
      facilitating their absorption from the stomach.

PMID- 965111
TI  - A unified approach to the liquid scintillation counting process--I: a
      comprehensive stochastic model.

PMID- 965110
TI  - Sugar polymers in rats and man.
AB  - Intracutaneous injections of a glucan contaminant of invert sugar solutions and
      crude cane sugar into human skin produced a localised wheal and erythema
      reaction. The glucan was also active on intradermal injection into both dextran
      sensitive and dextran-resistant rats.

PMID- 965112
TI  - A unified approach to the liquid scintillation counting process--II: optimising
      optical design.

PMID- 965113
TI  - Calibration of brachytherapy sources using ferrous sulphate-benzoic acid-xylenol
      orange dosimeter.

PMID- 965114
TI  - Excitation function for the production of 123I via the 127I(p, 5n) 123Xe
      reaction.

PMID- 965115
TI  - Computerised assessment of cardiac pacemaker performance.
AB  - The design and use of a PDP 11/40 based automated on-line cardiac pacemaker
      assessment system is described. One program has been developed for testing
      pacemakers on the bench and another for implanted pacemaker tests. Either fixed
      rate or demand pacemakers can be tested. The on-line system is easy and fast to
      use and is also highly accurate. Parameters extracted are pulse width, rate and
      pulse energy. In addition, a graphical representation of the patient's ECG and
      the pacemaker pulse is obtained on a computer graphics terminal.

PMID- 965116
TI  - Analysis of the human respiratory system in hypoxic and anoxic hypoxia by
      analogue computer simulation.
AB  - The goal of this work is to synthesise a model of an adaptive system of
      respiration control in man, which could be used for the prognosis of human
      performance under extreme conditions. The model was partly based on 428
      experimental results from hypoxic and anoxic hypoxia. Simulation of the oxygen
      regulatory circuit was realised on the NADAC 100 and MEDA T 80 analogue computers
      with satisfactory results. Equations constituting a new version of the model are
      presented in some detail, together with the results of the simulation of
      ventilatory mechanics.

PMID- 965117
TI  - [Compartmental model of the adsorption of a dye by proteins. The possible role of
      adsorption in the hepatic excretion of bromosulphophthalein].
AB  - A compartmental model was suggested for the study of the hepatic excretion of
      bromosulphophthalein (BSP). By using a hypothesis concerning the adsorption of
      the BSP compound by proteins, one derives from the equations of the model several
      known experimental results, viz. form of concentration curves that vary in
      accordance with the strength of the injection, existence of a limiting Tm value,
      etc. An explicit formula is given for calculating Tm.

PMID- 965118
TI  - Do efferent fibres to hair cells intervene in acoustic stimulus peripheral
      coding?
AB  - The functional roles suggested for Olivo-Cochlear Bundle (OCB) fibres innervating
      auditory receptors never received a fully convincing demonstration. Assuming that
      efferent fibres effects, at the level of hair cells, are inhibitory with regard
      to single auditory nerve fibre activity, a mathematical model of the peripheral
      auditory system is proposed in which the presence of the descending pathway is
      taken into account. Computer simulation of the model accounts for most of the
      salient features of the patterns of activity of single cochlear nerve fibres. In
      the light of the model predictions, the influence of OCB fibres on peripheral
      receptors is assumed to act in the direction of improving the signal-to-noise
      ratio, as a first step of information processing.

PMID- 965119
TI  - Numerical determination of intestinal membrane diffusing constants by a gradient
      method.
AB  - Optimisation problems arising in the identification of kinetic parameters of
      intestinal membranes are here considered. The dynamic behaviour of the membrane
      is described by means of a linear compartmental model. Using optimisation
      techniques of a gradient type, the intestinal kinetic parameters are identified,
      minimising a quadratic criterion between experimental data of D-histidine
      transport and model prediction. Numerical results are reported and their
      physiological implications discussed. The quantitative assessment of the
      asymmetry of diffusion constants with respect to diffusion direction seems to be
      an important result of this work.

PMID- 965120
TI  - Methadone treatment: program evaluation and dose response relationships.
AB  - Data from a heterogeneous group of 155 clients in a Methadone Treatment Program
      were analyzed for (A) number of possible methadone administrations since S joined
      the program, (B) actual number of methadone administrations received, (C)
      spottiness (A-B), and (D) presence of illicit drugs in urine analysis reports.
      Data were evaluated for three separate time spans which corresponded with three
      programmatic changes. Results indicate that initially high blockading doses of
      methadone are effective in reducing illicit drug use, but as length of time in
      program increases, the efficacy of low doses of methadone in reducing illicit
      drug use increases. At least one programmatic change, a more stringent selection
      procedure, was demonstrated to be highly successful in reducing illicit drug use.

PMID- 965121
TI  - Attitudes toward alcohol as predictors of self-estimated alcohol consumption in
      college students.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between
      attitudes toward alcohol use and self-estimated drinking behavior. The results
      indicated that attitudes can reliably predict variations in self-reported
      drinking behavior. The implication of these findings for treatment and future
      research is discussed.

PMID- 965122
TI  - Cognitive functioning under moderate and low dosage methadone maintenance.
AB  - The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was administered to two groups of
      patients in the Santa Clara County Methadone Maintenance Program who were
      receiving low and moderate daily stabilized dosages of methadone hydrochloride.
      In the two separate statistical analyses performed, there were no significant
      differences found between subtest scores or verbal, performance, and full-scale
      scores of the groups measured. These results, combined with observations
      regarding the similarities of WAIS profiles of the two groups, indicate that
      cognitive functioning as measured by the WAIS was not differentially affected by
      the two dosages.

PMID- 965123
TI  - Case-note abstraction: a methodological substudy as cautionary tale.
AB  - A sample of 42 case notes of alcoholic patients were abstracted for 17 items by
      three different raters. Interrater agreement was generally rather low. Research
      based on case-note abstraction which does not report on abstraction reliabilities
      must therefore be viewed with some suspicion. It would be helpful if clinical
      material could more often be collected in a standardized manner.

PMID- 965124
TI  - The heroin epidemic in San Francisco: estimates of incidence and prevalence.
AB  - Much attention has recently been focused on the question of the extent of heroin
      use in America. In a worthwhile effort to call public attention to the problem,
      many estimates of its size have evidenced a tendency toward exaggeration and
      aggrandizement. This paper presents methods of estimation of the extent of heroin
      addiction which, when carefully employed, should effectively correct such
      distorted estimates. Two general types of estimation are employed, incidence and
      prevalence. Incidence estimates are concerned with new cases of heroin addiction
      that occur in a specific population within a given amount of time. These
      estimates are based upon self-report data from addicts regarding date of first
      addiction. When corrected for the "lag phase" (that period of time between onset
      of first addiction and eventual visit to a treatment program), these data permit
      accurate retrospective charting of incidence trends. Prevalence estimates focus
      on all known cases of heroin addiction in a specific population within a given
      amount of time. Three separate types of prevalence estimates from three separate
      sources are outlined in this article: estimates based on overdose death data,
      estimates based on crime statistics, and estimates of "unknown" addicts. In
      outlining these methods, this article describes the fluctuations in heroin
      addiction in one major American city, San Francisco, California. After analyzing
      data gathered from a sample of 2,367 addicts contacted over a 3-year period, this
      study suggests that the incidence of heroin addiction seems to have declined
      after 1970. Possible factors underlying this apparent decline in heroin addiction
      are then discussed, including the post-1970 maturation of the "population at
      risk," the effectiveness of antidrug media messages, the changing drug fashions
      in the heroin subculture, and the gradual deterioration of the quality and
      potency of street heroin.

PMID- 965125
TI  - Readiness for rehabilitation.
AB  - High dropout rates of addicts in treatment have long been attributed to a lack of
      motivation or readiness for rehabilitation. Two groups of subjects were compared
      on several demographic characteristics and several variables isolated as possible
      predictors of readiness for rehabilitation.

PMID- 965126
TI  - The validity of self-recording reports made by drug and alcohol abusers in a
      residential setting.
AB  - In this study a self-recording procedure was used to clarify the relationship
      between urges or cravings for drugs (including alcohol) and actual drug
      (including alcohol) use within a residential setting. There were two purposes of
      the study: first, to evaluate the predictive validity of the self-recording
      procedure; and second, to generate empirical data relevant to the concept of
      craving, which is crucial to many theories of drug and alcohol addiction. The
      predictive validity of the urge reports was evaluated using a behavioral measure-
      actual and suspected drug use incidents. These incidents were reported by staff
      members on all drug and alcohol abusers in residential treatment during a 2-month
      period. The results indicate that there is no significant tendency for there to
      be an increased use of drugs on the same days that drug urges are reported, and
      that drug use incidents are most likely associated with reports of no urges for
      drugs. Therefore, the predictive validity of the self-recording reports was not
      established. The data challenge the notion that drug usage is preceeded by or
      accompanied by (intense, driving) drug cravings at least within this setting.

PMID- 965127
TI  - Interpersonal behavior in a small group setting during the heroin addiction
      cycle.
AB  - In a study of social interaction during an experimental addiction cycle, male
      narcotic addicts expressed more hostility after higher doses of heroin. No
      consistent role variations were observed in dominance, friendliness, or
      therapeutic-orientation.

PMID- 965128
TI  - Psychopathology, craving, and mood during heroin acquisition: an experimental
      study.
AB  - Six detoxified addict volunteers were allowed to self-administer intravenous
      heroin on an essentially self-determined schedule. Two periods of heroin
      acquisition were compared: an unmodified cycle in which patients could become
      intoxicated and a later cycle in which the effects of heroin were blocked with a
      narcotic antagonist. In the unblocked condition, patients initially experienced
      an increase in positive mood, but with chronic administration there was a
      significant rise in psychopathology and the development of a generalized
      dysphoric state. Similar changes did not occur when the same patients took heroin
      while blocked with a narcotic antagonist. Drug craving rose dramatically when
      "unblocked" heroin was available, but gradually fell during methadone
      detoxification. Following treatment with a narcotic antagonist, the presence of
      heroin failed to elicit any sustained rise in craving and drug taking was
      dramatically reduced.

PMID- 965129
TI  - Analysis and modification of opiate reinforcement. Discussion.

PMID- 965130
TI  - Drug interactions of the components of Optalidon after oral administration.
AB  - An investigation involving seven successive was undertaken on several groups of
      10 to 14 volunteers, in order to evaluate any drug interaction between the three
      active components of Optalidon, namely amidopyrine (A), butalbital (B), and
      caffeine (C). Each component was investigated after oral administration, alone
      and in combination either with one of the others (i.e. A+B, B+C, C+A) or with
      both of the others in Optalidon (A+B+C). The plasma concentration and urinary
      excretion were recorded for each component as a function of time. For
      amidopyrine, two metabolites, amino-4-antipyrine and acetamino-4-antipyrine, were
      also measured in the urine. Based on a pharmacokinetic model, the following
      conclusions can be drawn: a) There is no change in bioavailability due to the
      combination of the three components in Optalidon in respect to their single
      administration. Within each study, there is no significant difference between the
      elimination rate constants, areas under the plasma concentration/time curve and
      percentage excreted in urine for the three components administered alone or in
      any combination with the other components of Optalidon. b) Concerning the
      absorption half-life, there is no change for amidopyrine. Only caffeine and
      butalbital show a statistically significant interaction in respect to this
      parameter and, as a consequence, differences in the time and value of the maximal
      plasma concentration in Optalidon. However, these differences are scarcely of
      anyl clinical relevance.

PMID- 965131
TI  - A contribution to the pharmacokinetics of bencyclane (Fludilat) in man.
AB  - The quantitative determination of bencyclane from the biological material was
      carried out with the aid of a combined microchemical method (thin-layer
      chromatography and measurement of fluorescence) using NBD chloride. The original
      method [J. Reisch, Z. Analyt. Chemie, 247 (1969) 56; J. Monforte, Clinical
      Chemistry 18 (1972) 1329; R.S. Fager, Anal. Biochemistry, 53 (1973) 290, etc.]
      was so modified as to enable attainment of optimal results in respect of
      sensitivity and accuracy in the determination of bencyclane. The sensitivity of
      this modified method is 0.1 mug/ml plasma. Volunteer subjects and patients
      received under standard conditions 2 coated tablets Fludilat (i.e. 200 mg
      bencyclane hydrogen fumarate) orally as a single dose or repeated 3 times daily
      over 5 days, or 4 ampoules (= 200 mg) in a single intravenous injection. After a
      single oral administration, maximum plasma concentrations of approximately 2
      mug/ml were attained in about 2 hours. The elimination half-life was about 360
      480 min. The appearance of a second peak after about 6-7 hours indicates
      involvement of several compartments. On intravenous administration, maximum
      plasma concentrations of above 2 mug/ml were attained. A second peak in the late
      phase of the elimination was also detected here. The repeated oral administration
      led to maximum plasma concentrations of above 3 mug/ml without there being any
      indication of accumulation. Protein binding of about 30% was determined with the
      aid of the equilibrium dialysis method. A parallel "in vitro" study with 14C
      bencyclane (U.R. Kleeberg, 1973, unpublished) showed an approx. 40% protein
      binding, an approx. 30% erythrocyte binding, and an approx. 10% thrombocyte
      binding. About 20% bencyclane remain free.

PMID- 965132
TI  - [Elimination kinetics of phenprocoumon (Marcumar) in liver cirrhosis and after
      premedication with phenobarbital].
AB  - In this paper are presented the results of a study on the elimination kinetics of
      phenprocoumon in patients concomitantly treated with phenprocoumon and
      phenobarbital as well as in patients with bioptically proved hepatic cirrhosis.
      The pre-treatment of the patients with phenobarbital (3 X 100 mg), 4 days before
      phenprocoumon was started, resulted in an accelerated elimination of
      phenprocoumon. The biological half-life of phenprocoumon was reduced from 150 to
      70 hrs when compared to normal controls, and the elimination constant was found
      to increase to 9,96 X 10(-3). Phenobarbital at plasma concentrations achieved by
      usual therapeutical dosage schedules of the drug does not interfere with the
      protein binding of phenprocoumon as could be shown by equilibrium dialysis.
      Phenobarbital, therefore, does not accelerate the elimination of phenprocoumon.
      The inducing effect of phenobarbital on the drug metabolizing enzyme system in
      the liver results in more rapid biotransformation of phenprocoumon. In patients
      with bioptically proved hepatic cirrhosis, the elimination kinetics did not
      differ from the results obtained in normal controls.

PMID- 965133
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of thiothixene and chlorpromazine in schizophrenic patients
      at rest and during exercise.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects and plasma levels of noradrenaline were studied in
      schizophrenic patients at rest and during exercise after long-term treatment with
      chlorpromazine (150-600 mg daily) and thiothixene (60-80 mg daily). The results
      are compared with those from previous studies in untreated patients and patients
      receiving very large doses of chlorpromazine. The effects of thiothixene on the
      different hemodynamic variables were very moderate, and the observed differences
      between this group and the control group may be due to the different patient
      materials. In the two groups of patients receiving chlorpromazine, the heart rate
      at rest and durng exercise tended to be higher than in the control group. There
      was also a tendency towards a lower stroke volume after this drug and thiothixene
      during exercise. The noradrenaline levels in plasma were highest after the high
      dose of chlorpromazine both at rest and during exercise, while they were lower
      after the moderate chlorpromazine dose. After thiothixene, the values were
      between those of the group on the low chlorpromazine dose and those of the
      control group.

PMID- 965134
TI  - Effects of xipamide and triamterene - alone or in combination - on electrolyte
      excretion in the rat.
AB  - The effects of X and T in different doses alone or in combination on renal sodium
      and potassium excretion were examined in conscious rats. In acute experiments,
      the combination of both diuretics produced an approximately additive effect on
      sodium excretion. Addition of T to X in different dose relations (X:T = 1:0.5,
      1:1 or 1:1.5) prevented the X-induced potassium loss. These effects were more
      pronounced at the highest dose of T; the difference to the other combinations,
      however, was small. In chronic experiments, when the diuretics were administered
      daily for 13 days, both combinations (X:T = 1:1 and X:T = 1:1.5) resulted in a
      nearly equilibrated potassium balance at the end of this period. In shorter
      intervals, however, sometimes considerable oscillations in potassium excretion
      occured.

PMID- 965135
TI  - Perspectives in dermatology: Malaysia.

PMID- 965137
TI  - The International Journal of Zoonoses.

PMID- 965136
TI  - The mouse tail test for evaluation of topically applied corticosteroids.

PMID- 965138
TI  - Current clinical therapeutics.

PMID- 965139
TI  - Contact allergy to corticosteroids.
AB  - Contact dermatitis to topical corticosteroids does occur, although infrequently.
      Patch testing to the available steroids is recommended for patients with long
      standing dermatoses which have responded poorly to topical steroids.

PMID- 965140
TI  - Keratoacanthoma in a Bantu child.

PMID- 965141
TI  - Current clinical therapeutics: dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 965142
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin levels in human hydatidosis.

PMID- 965143
TI  - The metabolic integrity of Fasciola hepatica during in vitro maintenance.

PMID- 965144
TI  - Changes in energy metabolism due to anthelmintics in Fasciola hepatica maintained
      in vitro.

PMID- 965145
TI  - Localization and distribution of catecholaminergic structures in the nervous
      system of phocanema decipiens (Nematoda).

PMID- 965146
TI  - Studies on Trypanosoma vivax: infectivity and serial maintenance of natural
      bovine isolates in mice.

PMID- 965147
TI  - Studies on Trypanosoma vivax: transmission of mouse infective T. vivax by tsetse
      flies.

PMID- 965148
TI  - Stimuli for cuticle formation and ecdysis in vitro of the infective larva of
      Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea).

PMID- 965149
TI  - The location of parasites within their hosts: the influence of host feeding and
      diet on the dispersion of adults of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the intestine
      of the rat.

PMID- 965150
TI  - The haem-accessibility in leghaemoglobin of Lupinus luteus as observed by proton
      magnetic relaxation.
AB  - Using the solvent-protons' longitudinal magnetic relaxation rates (p.m.r.) for
      Lupinus luteus leghaemoglobin derivatives the accessibility of the haem has been
      evaluated by our "stereo-chemical p.m.r. titration" method with nonexchangeable
      protons of aliphatic lower alcohols in otherwise deuterated solutions. The haem
      in leghaemoglobin is more accessible and its protein environment more flexible
      compared with vertebrate haemoglobins. The correlation time in
      aquometleghaemglobin aqueous solution has been determined by measuring the
      frequency dispersion of the p.m.r. rates between 6.1 and 93 MHZ. Taking into
      account the measured value of tauc = (7.7 +/- 0.5 x 10(-10) s the iron-to-proton
      inter-spin distances have been calculated. The significance of these distances as
      well as the electronic g-factor anisotrophy for elucidation of fine structural
      details of the haem-environment are discussed.

PMID- 965151
TI  - Primary structure of equine growth hormone.

PMID- 965152
TI  - A square pyramidal model for ribonuclease action.
AB  - A mechanism incorporating a square pyramidal model (SP) is presented for the
      action of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. Its formulation is based on structural
      principles governing pentacoordinate behavior. The model is compared with a
      previous trigonal bipyramidal (TP) representation with regard to the geometry of
      the active site and enzyme constraints. Of two variants of the SP model, an
      adjacent (cis displacement) and in-line (trans displacement) process, the in-line
      mechanism, as with the TP model, fits existing model studies. Consideration of
      the energetics of the SP vs. the TP model leads to an estimated energy difference
      of about 1-2 kcal/mol. This suggests that the preferred model may be intermediate
      in geometry between the two idealized representations for the enzymatic
      hydrolysis. Comparisons are made showing that pseudorotation is an unlikely
      process in either model.

PMID- 965153
TI  - Studies on polypeptides.

PMID- 965154
TI  - Synthesis and N.M.R. spectral analysis of leucine -dgamma.

PMID- 965155
TI  - Retro analogs related to oxytocin.
AB  - [D-alle3]-retro-D-deaminotocinamide (I), retro-L-deaminotocinamide (III) and
      their respective N-formyl derivatives (II and IV) were synthesized by the
      stepwise active ester method: deaminotocinamide was prepared by the solid-phase
      method. The retro-analogs of deaminotocinamide, tested at concentrations up to
      10)-5)M, were found to be without activity as agonists or antagonists in the
      oxytocic assay. At 10(-4)M,[D-alle]-retro-D-deaminotocinamide is a weak
      competitive inhibitor of oxytocin. [D-alle3, Gly7]-retro-D-deaminooxytocin (V)
      was synthesized either by the active ester method or by a fragment condensation
      method employing the retro-D-RING, [D-alle3]-retro-D-deaminotocinamide, and D
      tail, Boc-Gly-D-Leu-Gly, as the fragments...

PMID- 965156
TI  - Chemical study of the topography of porcine lutropin (LH) using
      dinitrofluorobenzene and dansyl chloride.
AB  - Treatment of porcine lutropin beta-subunit by increasing amounts of dansyl
      chloride shows that only one fluorescent group can be bound to the free subunit,
      namely on tyrosine beta-37. This modification prevents reassociation with native
      chi-subunit. In contrast to dansyl chloride, dinitrofluorobenzene reacts
      preferentially with tyrosine beta-59. This substitution does not interfere with
      the reassociation with the native chi-subunit. By using equimolar ratio of dansyl
      chloride and porcine lutropin chi-subunit it is possible to modify this subunit
      on a single site, which is found to be a tyrosine residue. The monodansylated X
      subunit is still able to recombine with native B-subunit but its fluorescence is
      found to be markedly quenched upon binding. In addition, the O-dansyl-tyrosyl
      fluorescence quenching by potassium iodide is more effective on the recombined
      dimer than on the free chi-subunit. Both reconstituted dimers (native xhi chi
      dinitrophenylated beta and dansylated chi chi native beta) are without biological
      activity. It is not clear whether the substituted phenolic groups are essential
      or whether the added groups prevent the chi beta dimer from taking the active
      conformation. This alternative is discussed in the light of recent data from this
      laboratory and others.

PMID- 965157
TI  - The phosphopyridoxyl peptide from the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase of
      beef kidney.
AB  - The sequence around the coenzyme-binding lysine of mitochondrial aspartate amino
      transferase from beef kidney was determined. The holoenzyme was treated with
      NaB3H4 and digested with thermolysin; the labelled peptide was isolated and its
      sequence proved to be identical with sequences around the coenzyme site from the
      same isoenzyme of different organs and animals (pig heart and sheep liver). The
      sequences of the phosphopyridoxyl peptides of the mitochondrial aspartate
      aminotransferases appear to be closely related to the corresponding peptides from
      the cytoplasmic isoenzymes.

PMID- 965158
TI  - Synthesis of peptides and derivatives of 3- and 4- hydroxyproline.
AB  - Synthesis and properties are reported for a number of peptides and related
      derivatives of 3-hydroxy-L-proline and 4-hydroxyl-L-proline. These were made for
      several different purposes, namely, sythesis of N-acetyl-O-tosyl-4-hydroxy-L
      proline amide as a model for chemical reduction of peptide-bound hydroxyproline,
      synthesis of tripeptides with the sequence glycyl-4-hydroxy-L-hydroxy-L-prolyl-X,
      synthesis of the naturally occurring sequence, glycyl-3-hydroxy-L-prolyl-4
      hydroxy-L-proline, and monomers for polymerization to yield the sequence -glycyl
      prolyl-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-.

PMID- 965159
TI  - Changes in psychoanalytic practice and experience.

PMID- 965160
TI  - Plenary session on 'changes in psychoanalytic practice and experience:
      theoretical, technical and social implications'.

PMID- 965161
TI  - Freud and female sexuality. The consideration of some blind spots in the
      exploration of the 'dark continent'.

PMID- 965162
TI  - Freud and female sexuality. A current view.

PMID- 965163
TI  - Discussion of 'Freud and female sexuality'.

PMID- 965164
TI  - Discussion of 'Freud and female sexuality'.

PMID- 965165
TI  - Dialogue on 'Freud and female sexuality'.

PMID- 965167
TI  - The changing use of dreams in psychoanalytic practice. In search of the dreaming
      experience.

PMID- 965166
TI  - The changing use of dreams in psychoanalytic practice. Dreams and free
      association.

PMID- 965168
TI  - Discussion of 'The changing use of dreams in psychoanalytic practice'.

PMID- 965169
TI  - Dialogue on 'The changing use of dreams in psychoanalytic practice'.

PMID- 965170
TI  - Retrovesical hematoma with intraperitoneal rupture after vaginal repair.

PMID- 965171
TI  - Late results following substitution of colon for the stomach, esophagus, urinary
      bladder and vagina.
AB  - The transverse colon was substituted for the stomach in four patients after total
      gastrectomy for cancer. Three of them are alive after 21 to 23 years. They are in
      good condition and fully active. In six patients the esophagus was resected and
      the colon was interposed transthoracically. Two patients survive 13 to 15 years
      later. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder was resected three times and colon
      substituted. In a case of total vaginal aplasia, sigmoid colon was substituted
      for the vagina. The patient is alive after 17 years and has a normal sexual life.
      Sixteen patients have had colon transplantations to replace various organs. Seven
      of them are alive. The average time of survival thus far is 19 years.

PMID- 965172
TI  - A ten-year experience in the evaluation and management of patients with stress
      urinary incontinence.
AB  - The surgical procedures used, the complications encountered and the results
      obtained in 549 patients with urinary stress incontinence with or without
      prolapse and 50 patients with prolapse without urinary stress incontinence are
      presented. Incontinence was cured in 347 patients, improved in 126, unchanged in
      66 and worsened in ten. Seven patients operated on for uterine prolapse developed
      urinary incontinence after surgery. The overall recurrence of SUI was 12.75%. The
      introduction of suprapubic bladder drainage has practically eliminated
      postoperative urinary tract infections and reduced the length of hospitalization
      from 9.1 to 7.2 days. My experience in 214 patients with suprabpubic drainage
      demonstratedthe superiority of the Ansari method over the cystocath. The addition
      of Cantor's bladder neck plication improved the results (cured plus improved)
      from 80% to 100% in the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation and from 81% to 86%
      when the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation was associated with an abdominal
      hysterectomy.

PMID- 965173
TI  - Role of perineuritis in the atonic dilated bilharzial ureter.

PMID- 965174
TI  - Polycystography in the evaluation of carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
AB  - Polycystography is a safe, simple, useful, radiological procedure to assess the
      degree of infiltration of bladder tumors. It broadly classifies bladder tumors
      into two groups: infiltrating and noninfiltrating. This information is important
      to plan the treatment. In 96% of the cases, the radiological findings correlated
      well with other methods of assessing the degree of infiltration. The standard
      technic, modifications, advantages and disadvantages of this procedure are
      discussed.

PMID- 965175
TI  - Treatment of lithiasis by the forced injection of liquid and ureteral
      catheterization by the translumbar route.
AB  - We have used translumbar intrapelvic injection of liquid and intraureteral
      sliding of a catheter to push ureteral calculi and obtain their elimination
      through the bladder in 32 patients. We have described the technic and the results
      obtained. We had more success with the intraureteral catheter technic. No
      complications were observed in our cases. Ureteral physiology in relation to the
      favorable results obtained is discussed.

PMID- 965176
TI  - Effect of cataract on intraocular pressure.
AB  - Cases of immature and mature cataract were selected to study normal values in
      relation to hypermature cataract. We observed that cases of hypermature cataract
      had a high intraocular tension which was associated with a high protein level and
      increase in the number of macrophages in the aqueous. We concluded that a
      phacolytic mechanism is responsible for a secondary rise of intraocular tension
      in cases of hypermature cataract.

PMID- 965177
TI  - Candida sepsis successfully treated by parenteral administration of 5
      fluorocytosine.
AB  - Candida sepsis has become one of the most common and dangerous forms of hospital
      acquired infection. The recommended drug for parenteral treatment of Candida
      sepsis is amphotericin B, however, its toxic effects preclude its usage in many
      patients, particularly in the presence of renal failure. A less toxic antifungal
      agent is 5-fluorocytosine. A patient with Candida albicans sepsis was treated
      successfully with 5-fluorocytosine by intravenous administration. The fungal
      infection developed during the course of acute renal failure, repeated surgical
      intervention, intravenous hyperalimentation, gastrointestinal bleeding and five
      months of antibiotic therapy. The clinical symptoms receded rapidly and cultures
      became sterile after one week of intravenous treatment. The predisposing factors,
      difficulties in prevention and diagnosis of fungal infection are discussed.

PMID- 965178
TI  - Adenoma and hemorrhage of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 965179
TI  - Carcinoma of the female urethra.

PMID- 965180
TI  - Solid tumors of the liver. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems.
AB  - The diagnostic and therapeutic problems involved in 29 cases of isolated hepatic
      tumors have been presented. In nine cases the hepatoma was discovered during
      emergency treatment for complications. Selective arteriography was the most
      accurate method of establishing the etiologic diagnosis. Suprahepatic
      phlebography indicated the possibilities for surgical treatment. These
      possibilities are not influenced by the volume of the tumor, but are closely
      dependent on damage to the suprahepatic vascular system. Effective surgery was
      performed in 22 cases, of which 14 were excisions.

PMID- 965181
TI  - Editorial: The immune response.

PMID- 965182
TI  - Malignant tumors of the thyroid.
AB  - Carcinoma of the thyroid gland is not common. The majority of lesions in this
      series were differentiated in type. The treatment of choice is almost total
      thyroidectomy supplemented by I131 in some cases. L-thyroxine was prescribed
      routinely for all patients postoperatively for replacement and depression
      treatment. The immediate postoperative mortality was about 1% and prognosis is
      relatively good. Undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas are fast growing and very
      lethal and unfortunately no method of treatment is effective. Only four patients
      in this group survived more than a year.

PMID- 965183
TI  - Perineovulvovaginal preoperative preparation in minor gynecological surgery.
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients underwent minor elective gynecologic surgery. Most of
      them were from the low socioeconomic class. Twenty-five patients had their pubic,
      vulval and perineal hair shaved as part of the preoperative preparation. All
      patients underwent the same routine perineal, vulval and vaginal swabbing in the
      operating room. All patients were then examined for postoperative complications.
      Only two women (who were shaved) complained of mild lower abdominal pain 48 hours
      after operation, but neither had any clinical evidence of genital or urinary
      infection. Their symptoms disappeared with the use of analgesics. Even in
      developing countries where patients with poor personal hygiene are common,
      preoperative vulval, pubic and perineal hair shaving prior to minor gynecologic
      surgery is unnecessary. We suggest that this procedure should be discontinued.

PMID- 965184
TI  - Glioma of the optic nerve.

PMID- 965185
TI  - Incidence and evolution of moles and the relationship to malignant melanoma in
      eastern India.
AB  - Malignant melanoma is rather uncommon in India. Pigmented moles are also less
      common than among Caucasians. The fewer number of moles probably is one factor
      responsible for the relative rarity of malignant melanomas in this area.

PMID- 965186
TI  - Hormonal therapy and cholelithiasis.
AB  - This report is to alert the abdominal surgeon to a new factor responsible for a
      rising incidence of cholelithiasis in the younger woman. The cause of
      cholelithiasis has been explained on the basis of biochemical changes with
      mechanical obstruction. The role of estrogen-progesterone elevation in pregnancy
      with associated hypercholesteremia is well-known. Little known are reports (more
      common in non-American literature) that female hormones effect a sluggishness of
      gallbladder function. Thus, a chemical change with a functional type of
      obstruction in the biliary tree predisposes toward cholelithiasis. A survey of
      1346 cholecystic operations from 1969 through 1973 showed the expected greater
      incidence in women. Women under 40 years of age who received hormonal medication
      were younger when operated upon than a comparable group not receiving hormonal
      therapy. The incidence of gallbladder disease in young women using hormonal
      therapy should be expected to increase in the coming years. Cholelithiasis should
      be suspected in the young female taking birth control medication. X-ray study is
      indicated and early surgery is desirable to prevent morbidity, mortality and the
      complications of cholecystic disease.

PMID- 965187
TI  - Sphincterotomy (Oddi): analysis of 577 cases.

PMID- 965188
TI  - Pattern of acute head injuries in Ibadan.
AB  - A series of 525 patients with head injuries was analyzed. Males and young people,
      especially children under 10, predominated. More injuries were sustained on
      Sunday than any other day, and were mostly caused by road traffic accidents and
      domestic accidents. Limb injuries were the most common associated wounds. The
      more severely disturbed the level of consciousness on admission, the worse was
      the prognosis.

PMID- 965189
TI  - Bullet embolism.

PMID- 965190
TI  - Surgical management of pyogenic pericarditis.
AB  - Sixteen cases of acute pyogenic pericarditis have been reviewed. Uncontrollable
      septic course, episodes of cardiac tamponade and failure of the nonsurgical
      regimen were the main indications for surgery. Medical management is often
      ineffective because of the relentless septic course, presence of thick, viscid
      pus and granulation tissue, and loculation. Even if it is effective, it may not
      halt the progression to constriction. We treated these cases by emergency
      pericardiectomy. The results were gratifying, the risk of cardiac tamponade was
      eliminated and termination of the septic course was dramatic. The mortality rate
      was within acceptable limits. All the survivors have remained asymptomatic.

PMID- 965191
TI  - Solitary osteochondroma causing spinal cord compression.

PMID- 965192
TI  - Genital prolapse in the newborn.

PMID- 965193
TI  - Urolithiasis in Kashmir.

PMID- 965194
TI  - Triple isotope scintiphotography for differentiating between renal cysts and
      renal tumors.
AB  - As a routine diagnostic approach to patients who present hematuria or abnormal
      findings in X-ray films such as intravenous pyelograms, the cases are submitted
      to serial scintiphotography every two minutes after the intravenous
      administration of 250 muCi of 131I-Hippuran and to renography with PHO/GAMMA
      Scintillation Camera (Nuclear-Chicago). When scintiphotography with 131I-Hippuran
      reveals filling defect in the kidney region, scintiphotography with 150 muCi of
      203Hg-chlormerodrin and renal blood flow scintiphotography after antecubital
      intravenous injection of 10 mCi of 99mTc are carried out. The present report
      concerns 8 cases of renal tumor and 5 cases of renal cyst confirmed by X-ray
      examination and surgical operation. The scintiphotography revealed decreased
      uptake of 131I-Hippuran and 203Hg-chlormerodrin in both tumor and cyst sites,
      exhibiting round or band-shaped filling defects. On the other hand, renal blood
      flow scintiphotography with 99mTc demonstrated the cyst as a filling defect but
      failed to visualize most of tumors. Accordingly, these techniques are available
      for differential diagnosis of the two lesions.

PMID- 965195
TI  - Four-channel radioisotope renography (complex investigations).
AB  - An attempt has been made at a fuller utilization of the information content of
      131I-Hippurate in four-channel renography, recording the activities over the
      kidneys, heart and bladder. The four-channel system was supplemented with a
      digital scaler, which enabled also the volume of residual urine to be determined
      after renography. In functional disorder of the upper outflow tract, the
      examinations were performed in both supine and sitting positions. The expanded
      procedure has rendered the familiar method of renography more valuable and has
      often given essential diagnostic help when used in combination with other
      clinical data.

PMID- 965196
TI  - The angiographic appearance of renal angiomyolipoma and problems of its
      preoperative diagnosis.
AB  - The radiodiagnostic difficulties of renal hamartoma (renal angiomyolipoma) have
      been discussed in connection with the authors' two cases. In the first case a
      unifocal cystic renal angiomyolipoma without tuberous sclerosis caused
      retroperitoneal haematoma and acute symptoms. In the second case a preoperative
      tentative diagnosis of angiomyolipoma was made, however, the Pringle-type dermal
      lesions were only observed 6 months after surgery on control examination. The
      authors state that the radiographic functional findings vary depending on the
      tissue structure of the tumour. Differential diagnosis of cystic angiomyolipoma
      containing little fatty and angiomatous tissue is impossible, whereas for the
      hypervascular variant a tentative diagnosis can be established even in the case
      of unifocal hamartoma.

PMID- 965197
TI  - Renal colic and associated pyelorenal reflux as a cause of some diseases.
AB  - Renal colic always involves pelvic hypertension and severe urodynamic
      disturbances which result in fornical reflux, urine leakage to renal interstitial
      tissues, to tissues of the renal sinus, and sometimes to the retroperitoneal
      space. If the urinary tract is infected, renal colic may lead to acute
      pyelonephritis and generalized infection, as well as to bacteriemic shock. Of
      great importance in the origin of retroperitoneal fibrosis are fornical refluxes.
      Since renal colic is the most frequent cause of pyelorenal reflux, patients with
      renal colic should be promptly given appropriate treatment aimed at eliminating
      or at least lowering pelvic hypertension.

PMID- 965198
TI  - Results of operative treatment of vesicoureteral reflux by the Leadbetter
      Politano method in children.
AB  - In this work the results of vesicoureteroplasty performed by the Leadbetter
      Politano method in 77 children are presented. The indications for a
      vesicoureteroplasty procedure are outlined. Bad results are analysed and the
      causes of failure and possibilities of preventing them are considered. Probable
      causes of vesicoureteral reflux on the side opposite to the operated one, and the
      influence of coexisting congenital anomalies of urinary tract upon operative
      results are discussed.

PMID- 965199
TI  - Congenital stricture of male urethra.
AB  - Seven cases of anterior urethral stricture were studied. The diagnosis was made
      by exclusion of the inflammatory and traumatic causes. In three cases the
      stricture was located in the bulbar and in four cases in the penile urethra. The
      results obtained were good, with a follow-up of 5 to 50 months. Considerations
      are made about embryogenic, diagnostic, clinical picture and treatment. The
      verification of extensive lesions of the urethra determined the use of more
      complex surgical techniques of Johansen's urethroplasty devised for the treatment
      of this kind of pathology.

PMID- 965200
TI  - Piromidic acid and its ethylic ester: absorption, distribution, excretion.
AB  - The absorption, distribution and excretion of piromidic acid and its ethyl ester
      were investigated in the rat. When administered orally the ethyl ester was well
      absorbed and subsequently hydrolysed, giving much higher blood and tissue
      concentration than a corresponding dose of the parent compound. The antimicrobial
      activity of urine and bile samples was also investigated.

PMID- 965201
TI  - Appendectomies in patients with nephritis.
AB  - A retrospective study of 150 records of patients attending a renal clinic
      revealed a high (10 per cent) incidence of history of appendectomy. The
      possibility that an acute exacerbation of pyelonephritis, especially on the right
      side, might be misdiagnosed in some cases as appendicitis is discussed. Acute
      renal failure following unnecessary appendectomy in a patient with previously
      unrecognized and asymptomatic chronic renal disease may occur if this possibility
      is not borne in mind before operating on an atypical case of appendicitis.

PMID- 965202
TI  - Haemorrhagic pericarditis and cardiac tamponade during chronic haemodialysis.
AB  - Three cases of uraemic haemorrhagic pericarditis observed during haemodialysis
      treatment are described. The condition is explained with uraemic toxicosis,
      cyclic heparinaemia resulting from dialysis, deficient thrombocyte function, and
      decreased capillary resistance. The clinical appearance of haemorrhagic
      pericarditis was not typical in any of the cases. Two patients died, while in one
      patient partial pericardiectomy was performed with success.

PMID- 965203
TI  - Use of absorbable material for the closure of experimental longitudinal
      nephrotomy.
AB  - Large nephrotomy incisions made in 15 dogs were closed by sewing up the cavity
      system with stitches of 5/0 catgut and by sealing the renal parenchyma with
      tissue adhesive being pinpointed at the opened vessels. The incision was covered
      with a preparation of oxidized cellulose which was then likewise impregnated with
      tissue adhesive. This technique was found rapid and convenient and provided for
      adequate haemostasis. Its essential advantage lies in eliminating the deep
      through-and-through sutures involving a major loss of functioning renal
      parenchyma. All substances used were absorbed in due time.

PMID- 965204
TI  - Method of choice for urinary diversion in surgical treatment of bladder
      carcinoma.
AB  - Evidence is presented concerning 94 patients with malignancy of bladder in whom
      diversion of urine was performed after cystectomy for exclusion of the bladder.
      There were 80 men and 14 women, ages ranging from 30 to 81 years. In 35 of these
      94 cases ureterosigmoidoanastomosis, in 38 cases ureterocutaneostomy, in 15
      Portilla's operation, in 2 Bricker's method and in 4 nephro-pyelostomy were
      performed. For the prevention of bleeding cystectomy was preceded by bilateral
      ligation of the internal iliac artery in 14 cases. Continuous postoperative
      follow-up of the patients (from a few months to 14 years) and analysis of the
      early and late results allow to regard the combined technique of Coffey II-Nesbit
      Goodwin as the method of choice having the slightest risk of peritonitis,
      intestinoureteral reflux and other complications inherent in other procedures. Of
      the existing methods of ureterocutaneostomy the authors have chosen Le Dentu's
      method with some modifications. They consider ureterostomy to be the simplest and
      quickest method owing to the higher location of ureterostoma. Portilla's method
      is no longer used because of its unfavourable long-term results. Of 94 patients
      with cancer of the bladder, who had been subjected to different methods of
      urinary diversion in the years 1954-1974, 16 have survived up till now. There are
      10 survivors after ureterosigmoidoanastomosis, 5 after ureterocutaneostomy and 1
      after Bricker's operation.

PMID- 965205
TI  - Vascular changes in the urinary bladder wall after irradiation (an experimental
      study in rabbits with angiography and scanning electron microscopy of vascular
      casts).
AB  - Seven adult rabbits were used to study radiation-induced vascular changes in the
      urinary bladder by angiography and scanning electron microscopy of vascular
      casts. The angiographic studies, in which a magnification techniques was used,
      revealed a state of hypervascularization in the irradiated area of the bladder.
      With the angiographic method, however, it was not possible to visualize specific
      radiation-induced vascular changes within the irradiated area of the urinary
      bladder. Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts made possible a detailed
      study of finer vessels in which typical radiation changes, teleangiectases, could
      be demonstrated.

PMID- 965206
TI  - Hydrostatic pressure technique and intravesical instillation of formalin: new
      methods for the control of severe bleeding from the bladder.
AB  - Intractable haemorrhages of the bladder in consequence of wide-spread tumours or
      of haemorrhagic cystitis secondary to radiation therapy involve serious
      therapeutic problems. Failure of the conventional therapy to bring the
      haemorrhage under control imposes more active measures so as to avert the danger
      of exsanguination. The condition of the patients is, however, generally
      incompatible with major surgery. In this situation the authors resorted to the
      hydrostatic pressure technique and to intravesical instillations of formalin.
      Their observations with these procedures are reported.

PMID- 965207
TI  - Liver function in porstatic carcinoma patients.
AB  - Liver function tests were carried out for serum zinc turbidity test, icterus
      index, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and transaminases in a series of 222
      patients, of whom 119 had prostatic carcinoma, 63 benign hyperplasia of the
      prostate and 40 congenital abnormality without prostatic trouble. Patients having
      prostatic carcinoma often displayed abnormally high levels of zinc turbidity
      test, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and transaminases.

PMID- 965208
TI  - Single-needle haemodialysis.
AB  - The single-needle method, which greatly simplifies the technique of
      haemodialysis, was tested for its efficiency by in vitro and in vivo studies. It
      has proved equal in efficiency to the conventional double-needle techniques. The
      possibilities of unilateral puncture of the femoral vein in association with the
      single-needle technique are pointed out.

PMID- 965209
TI  - Diagnostic value of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and sialic acid in chronic
      pyelonephritis.
AB  - In a group of 84 patients with exacerbated chronic pyelonephritis the authors
      have determined the blood serum levels of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and sialic
      acid before, during and after antibacterial treatment. They have found a decrease
      in these levels following treatment. The results of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin
      and sialic acid assays could be used as an index for the activity of the
      pathologic process, as well as in the differential diagnosis between
      pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 965210
TI  - Peritoneal clearances in scleroderma and diabetes mellitus: effects of
      intraperitioneal isoproterenol.
AB  - Reduced peritoneal clearances of creatinine and urate were demonstrated
      repeatedly in a patient with scleroderma and a patient with diabetes mellitus.
      Urea clearances were not significantly different from usual values. The findings
      suggest decreased peritoneal membrane permeability and/or area (if urea clearance
      is flow limited). Clearances increased to usual values with intraperitioneal
      isoproterenol in the patient with diabetes. There was no effect of isoproterenol
      in the patient with scleroderma.

PMID- 965211
TI  - Non-deflating Foley catheter.
AB  - The different methods of removal of a non-deflating ureteral catheter were
      compared with the stylet technique. Two hundred and sixty randomly selected
      catheters were tested. Overdistention of the balloon with water or air and
      chemically induced rupture of the balloon produced fragments of various sizes in
      almost 100%. Our stylet technique failed to demonstrate any of the complications
      reported in the literature i.e., chemical or mechanical injury to the bladder or
      retained rubber fragments causing stone formation.

PMID- 965212
TI  - Malignant tumours of the renal pelvis.
AB  - A review of the clinical data of 22 patients with malignant tumours of the renal
      pelvis, accounting for 10% of the total patient material of renal tumours, is
      presented. The earliest manifestation was prevalently haematuria, less often
      pain. In two thirds of the cases the diagnosis was established on radiological
      evidence and in one third the process remained undetected until surgical exposure
      of the kidney. The diagnostic difficulties involved by tumours of the renal
      pelvis and the value of the diagnostic methods are discussed. Nephroureterectomy
      with excision of a cuff of bladder was carried out in 15, nephrectomy in 5 cases.
      Three of the 22 patients have survived five years. Early diagnosis followed by
      total nephroureterectomy without delay may bring some improvement in the poor
      prognosis of these tumours.

PMID- 965213
TI  - Serial levels of plasma linoleic acid in tetanus.

PMID- 965214
TI  - Skin manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 965215
TI  - Some patterns in the General Medical Service--a study from general practice.

PMID- 965216
TI  - The surgical management of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 965217
TI  - Gentamicin therapy: report on symposium--October 1975.

PMID- 965218
TI  - Scabies in a general practice.

PMID- 965219
TI  - Neurophysiology--Part IV.

PMID- 965220
TI  - The emergency medical services program of Hawaii: Part II. Emergency medical
      technician (E.M.T.) training of Hawaii's ambulance and rescue personnel.

PMID- 965221
TI  - Flushes, freckles and headache.

PMID- 965222
TI  - Rat fundus strip and uterus contracting activity of sera: relationship to
      migraine attacks.

PMID- 965223
TI  - Biofeedback therapy for migraine.

PMID- 965224
TI  - The importance of referred pain in myogenic headache.

PMID- 965225
TI  - A simple method for self-observation of headache frequency, intensity, and
      location.

PMID- 965226
TI  - Use of platelet antagonists in the treatment of migraine.

PMID- 965227
TI  - Human plasma levels of some anti-migraine drugs.

PMID- 965228
TI  - Electrocution.

PMID- 965229
TI  - Renin response during hemodialysis headache.

PMID- 965230
TI  - Effects of biofeedback upon suppression of migraine symptoms and plasma dopamine
      beta-hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 965231
TI  - Biofeedback-psychotherapy for the treatment of headaches: a 5-year follow-up.

PMID- 965232
TI  - Contribution of a nurse clinician to office practice productivity: comparison of
      two solo primary care practices.
AB  - A comparison of two solo primary care practices with similar patient populations
      reveals a significant difference in productivity. A nurse clinician was employed
      in the more productive practice. She independently managed 1,848 patient visits a
      year that would otherwise have required the time and attention of a physician.
      She contributed to the productivity of the physician by performing some tasks he
      would normally have performed during visits they managed jointly. It was
      primarily because of the assistance he received from the nurse clinician that the
      physician in practice II was 12 percent more productive than the physician in
      practice I. The nurse clinician and physician managed 31 percent more patient
      visits during a standard day than the physician in practice I, or a difference of
      2,856 patient visits a year. This annual difference is based on a work schedule
      that could be matched in other practices: an eight-hour day and a 240-day work
      year.

PMID- 965233
TI  - A managerial accounting analysis of hospital costs.
AB  - Variance analysis, an accounting technique, is applied to an eight-component
      model of hospital costs to determine the contribution each component makes to
      cost increases. The method is illustrated by application to data on total costs
      from 1950 to 1973 for all U.S. nongovernmental not-for-profit short-term general
      hospitals. The costs of a single hospital are analyzed and compared to the group
      costs. The potential uses and limitations of the method as a planning and
      research tool are discussed.

PMID- 965234
TI  - Utility of the injury severity score: a confirmation.
AB  - Independent results obtained from Illinois Trauma Registry data confirm an
      earlier finding of a fixed, monotonic relationship between expected mortality and
      the Injury Severity Score (ISS) value of injuries sustained in both vehicular and
      nonvehicular incidents. Further results show the ISS measure to be a good
      indicator of hospitalization demand from accident victims and suggest that this
      variable can be used to control for variations in injury severity in comparative
      evaluations of EMS systems.

PMID- 965235
TI  - A staff allocation model for mental health facilities.
AB  - This article describes a model for allocating staff within a large psychiatric
      hospital. The model provides an objective framework within which one can test
      alternative staff operating policies before making critical decisions concerning
      the employment of one category of personnel as opposed to another. It is based on
      objective data describing patient needs and staff functioning patterns, rather
      than subjective opinions concerning staff deployment. Besides being useful for
      the short-term deployment of staff and budgetary resources, it can also be used
      as a long-range planning tool for testing modifications in policy decisions and
      budget proposals. The algorithm employed, mixed-integer linear programming, is
      readily available; computer costs and running time are relatively minimal.

PMID- 965236
TI  - Determinants of output in group and solo medical practice.
AB  - Certain structural and environmental factors other than technical combination of
      resources and firm size are hypothesized to affect medical practice output. Four
      groups of variables related to physician attributes and activities, practice
      organization and patient characteristics, community characteristics, and factors
      specific to medical groups are examined by regression for correlation with two
      measures of practice output: gross revenue and total patient visits. Some
      tentative conclusions are discussed in relation to policies that might increase
      practice output.

PMID- 965237
TI  - A hexaploid Ehrlich-Lettre mouse ascites tumor line with low sensitivity to
      colchicine.

PMID- 965238
TI  - Colour polymorphism in northern peripheral populations of Cepaea hortensis.

PMID- 965239
TI  - A new chromosome 18 variant in mother and holoprosencephalic child.

PMID- 965240
TI  - Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals. VII. The amount of
      heterozygosity in diploid populations.

PMID- 965241
TI  - Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals. VIII.
      Heterozygosity in relation to polyploidy.

PMID- 965242
TI  - Genetic variation in Scandinavian brown trout (Salmo trutta L.): evidence of
      distinct sympatric populations.

PMID- 965243
TI  - Double minute chromosomes are not centromeric regions of the host chromosomes.

PMID- 965244
TI  - The chromsome complement of a measles-carrier human cell line in comparison to
      the cell line of origin.

PMID- 965245
TI  - [Monocytopoiesis--monocytes--macrophages].

PMID- 965247
TI  - [Monosomy of chromosome 21].

PMID- 965246
TI  - [Formation of abnormalities--teratogenesis].

PMID- 965248
TI  - [Biochemistry of the sense of taste].

PMID- 965249
TI  - [The usefulness of urinary sediment tests].

PMID- 965250
TI  - [Indications and results of the flow directed balloon heart catheterization].

PMID- 965251
TI  - [Carbon hemoperfusion as a temporary liver replacement in hepatic coma].

PMID- 965252
TI  - [Tumor specific antibodies as carrier substances for cytostatic agents].

PMID- 965253
TI  - [Injuries of 2 body cavities].

PMID- 965254
TI  - [Neck injuries due to accidents].

PMID- 965255
TI  - [Injuries due to compressed air and pressure].

PMID- 965256
TI  - [Human electroencephalography and the brain stem].

PMID- 965257
TI  - [The "agnosia" syndrome].

PMID- 965258
TI  - [The management of sudden deafness (author's transl)].
AB  - The mean hearing gain (125-8,000 Hz) in 46 cases of sudden deafness treated with
      low molecular weight dextran was found to be significantly greater (20.9 dB) than
      that obtained in twelve cases treated differently (9.4 dB). These alternate
      measures of care included stellate ganglion blockade, vasoactive drugs, sodium
      bicarbonate infusions, and CO2-insufflation. Early diagnosis and treatment are
      considered to be crucial for successful therapy: the mean hearing gain in those
      patients who came for dextran treatment later than one week was less than half of
      the gain that resulted after treatment beginning within the first week. The
      results obtained conform with the hypothesis of cochlear microcirculation
      impairment or "sludging" as the prevalent cause of sudden deafness.

PMID- 965259
TI  - [The facial nerve and the parotid gland (author's transl)].
AB  - The modern histological classification of epithelial salivary gland tumours is
      described. An exact knowledge of the behaviour of each type of tumour permits
      correct surgical planning. Contrary to the teaching that the superficial
      parotidectomy is the minimal safe resection, the author feels that in many cases
      dependent on tumour site, size and histological type, a simple excision is
      sufficient. The application of microsurgical techniques permits careful and safe
      surgery.

PMID- 965260
TI  - [Bacterial airborne dispersal during the drilling of infected bone (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The hazards of infection by bacterial airborne dispersal secondary to drilling
      bone in the surgical treatment of infection of the air spaces of the skull were
      assessed experimentally. This included estimation of the furthest distance that
      the cooling fluid, using coloured water, and the bone chips of a dry petrous
      temporal bone can be thrown, and the spread of the fine dust produced by the
      drilling using a staph. albus suspension as the rinsing fluid. The drops and bone
      chips were flung to a distance of about 90 cm in the working area around a
      cutting burr rotating at 80 000 r.p.m. The fine dust thrown off by cutting and
      diamond burrs and the infected fluid mist stays suspended in the air for hours
      and can be carried across the whole room by air currents. The surgeon and
      operating theatre personnel are therefore always at risk of infection. Preventive
      measures are discussed.

PMID- 965261
TI  - [Deafness due to topical neomycin (author's transl)].
AB  - Today neomycin is almost exclusively given as an ointment in combination with
      other antibiotics, because of its known oto- and nephrotoxicity. Topical
      application in high dosage can cause ototoxicity as proved by one patient from
      this clinic. After laryngectomy and neck dissection for an extensive carcinoma of
      the epiglottis a 2 X 2 cm dehiscent pyocyaneus infected wound was treated daily
      with neomycin sulphate solution. A total of 30 gm was given over 3 months during
      which time the patient became deaf neomycin caused the deafness.

PMID- 965262
TI  - [The significance of tympanometry in pediatric audiometry (author's transl)].
AB  - Audiological findings through tympanometry and audiometry were correlated with
      pathological findings involving the tympanic membranes and the nasopharynx in 232
      patients (406 ears) with various hearing disorders in order to determine the
      probability of a conductive hearing deficit when only tympanogram and clinical
      findings are known. These measures hold special import to patients in whom exact
      evaluations of pure tone hearing thresholds are not possible (ie, in small
      infants and in patients with severe hearing losses in low frequency ranges).

PMID- 965263
TI  - [Results of otoplasty (author's transl)].
AB  - 77 patients with uni- or bilateral otoplasty have been reviewed between 6 months
      and 5 years postoperatively. Surgery had been performed using a modified Converse
      technique. A comparison was made between the objective results and the patient's
      satisfaction. Using our own classification, we listed 64.9% as good results and
      3.9% as failures, suggesting a reoperation. 31.2% of the cases demonstrated only
      some improvement. Evaluating our results listed as "good", the average distance
      helix: planum mastoideum, measured between the upper and middle third of the ear,
      was 18.8 mm and between the middle and lower third 18.0 mm.

PMID- 965264
TI  - [Tracheal stenosis in children and its operative management (author's transl)].
AB  - The problem of tracheal stenosis in children is discussed, with emphasis placed
      on subglottic disease. The primary etiologies for the stenosis were chronic
      intubation and emergency tracheostomies following accidents. The operative
      technique described utilizes vertical division of the trachea and cricoid in the
      midline. The margins are then stretched laterally and sutured to skin incision
      lines. Granulations, scar and dislocated cartilage are removed, and the denuded
      area covered with free mucosal grafts or with pedicle skin flaps. After
      reestablishing an adequate airway (with use of an acrylic prosthesis for several
      weeks), the tracheal groove is closed with a composite graft from the auricle. A
      tracheostomy is left in place an additional 2-3 weeks, while the raw neck area is
      resurfaced by a transposition flap from adjacent skin. The technique has worked
      well since 1971 in three children (aged 3, 5 and 7 years), and was also performed
      successfully on five adult patients.

PMID- 965265
TI  - [Applied anatomy of the facial nerve. II. Anastomoses (author's transl)].

PMID- 965266
TI  - [The use of microlaryngoscopy in phoniatry (author's transl)].
AB  - Definite diagnostic advantages exist in the use of combined microlaryngoscopy and
      microstroboscopy in vocal rehbilitation since objective determination of vocal
      pathology can be made. The phoniatric considerations used in determining the
      indications for operative investigation are described. Reference is made to
      specific clinical problems, including the "hormone voice" in the Reinke edema
      from medications used in therapy and arytenoid dislocations from insufflation
      anesthesias. The postoperative prognosis after endolaryngeal surgery depends on
      the effectiveness of the surgical intervetion and the appropriate phoniatric
      logopedic care employed. The author suggests that post-operative voice pauses
      should be minimized and not depend upon complete re-epithelialization of
      operative sites. Phoniatric and logopedic treatment used is based on
      considerations for appropriate vocal cord movements. The advantages of
      endolaryngeal faradization for vocal rehabilitation are discussed. In addition,
      the theoretical considerations of fitness for work are also discussed.

PMID- 965267
TI  - [Operative repair of the traumatically disrupted ossicular chain (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Consequent to the large number of skull injuries following traffic accidents, a
      significant number of patients experience traumatic disruption of the ossicular
      chain. Although most of these injuries can be managed by standard otologic
      procedures, this communication deals with three special clinical problems.
      Although not previously encountered, the diagnosis in the first could be made by
      otoscopy. In the second, infracture of the malleolar head had produced injury to
      the facial nerve which was exposed in its horizontal course. Although
      transposition of the malleus was required in repair, significant interference
      with hearing had not occurred since a spontaneous tympanoincudopexy had been
      produced by the injury.

PMID- 965268
TI  - [True polyotia, a rare anomaly of early foetal development (author's transl)].

PMID- 965269
TI  - [Dysphonia in acromegaly (author's transl)].
AB  - Acromegalic dysphonia is described in a series of 80 acromegalic patients.
      Subjective dysphonia was observed in most patients, objective dysphonia, however,
      wasnoted in only 50% of the cases. The patients with objective dysphonia usually
      had progenia, moderate to high acromegalic activity and duration of disease of
      more than five years. The different factors of importance for the development of
      acromegalic dysphonia are summarized.

PMID- 965270
TI  - [Management of median cysts and fistulae (author's transl)].
AB  - The total extirpation of thyroglossal duct remnants with resection of the mid
      hyoid bone is reported as the only method for successful surgical therapy.
      Convoluted ducts of cysts and fistulae must be dissected to the base of the
      tongue and excised. As our cases demonstrate, recurrences will be avoided and
      revision surgery, when required, will be most successful.

PMID- 965271
TI  - [Puncture of the maxillary sinus (author's transl)].
AB  - In some texts on operative technique it is recommended, when puncturing the
      maxillary sinus via the inferior meatus, to aim towards the outer canthus of the
      eye. It is demonstrated on a skull that aiming at the inner canthus avoids the
      danger of piercing the premaxillary tissue and in addition the diameter of the
      sinus is greater at this angle.

PMID- 965272
TI  - [Treatment of Meniere's disease with betahistine (author's transl)].
AB  - Betahistine was gien to 86 patients with Meniere's disease in a thric daily dose
      of 8 mg. All patients except for three had earlier been treated medically without
      success. Symptomatic improvement occurred overall in 82,5%, including in 66% ear
      pressure symptoms, in 59.5% headache in 57% tinnitus, and in 35% hearing,
      although this latter statistically was not confirmed. The duration of
      administration of betahistine is therapeutically important and benefit from 4
      months' continued use was demonstrated. After stopping treatment, the therapeutic
      effects were maintained and more than 6 months later improvement in hearing and
      ear pressure symptoms was still recorded. There was though a deterioration in
      symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus and headache in 18% over the same period. The
      shorter the duration of the symptoms the better the therapeutic effect gained.
      Improvement estimations of 81% in patients affected for up to 1 month, of 65% in
      patients affected from 1 to 12 months, and of 50% in patients affected more than
      one year were obtained. These results compare averagedly with the widely varible
      results of others. The management of Meniere's disease with betahistine can be
      regarded as an improvement in the conservative therapy of this disorder.

PMID- 965273
TI  - The fistula and Hennebert tests.
AB  - The fistula and Hennebert tests are used to detect the structural integrity of
      the bony labyrinth or to detect when the membranous labyrinth is in contact with
      the footplate of the stapes. Both tests may be administered with the manometer of
      an electroacoustic impedance instrument. When vertigo is a symptom, these tests
      should be a part of the routine impedance test battery.

PMID- 965274
TI  - Audiologic and metabolic findings in 90 patients with fluctuant hearing loss.
AB  - Fluctuant hearing loss is a common occurrence. It is difficult to diagnose in its
      early stages when hearing thresholds are near normal and the only complaints the
      patient has are of fullness and tinnitus. Audiologic tests are helpful in
      confirming the diagnosis. Impedance measurements are an accurate assessment of
      middle ear status and can assist in localizing the fullness experienced by these
      patients. Site of lesion tests and discrimination scores at various sensation
      levels are sensitive indexes of disease activity. Observations during medical
      treatment of 90 patients with metabolic dysfunction (hyperlipoproteinemia:
      hypoglycemia; hypothyroidism) suggest that discrimination scores fluctuate more
      widely than do pure tone thresholds over a period of time. Thirty patients were
      given complete audiologic testing after dietary management and treatment. All
      reported relief from tinnitus and fullness, and 15 or 50% showed improved
      audiograms and discrimination scores. Any change in the energy reserve or
      metabolic rate of the inner ear by a systemic metabolic dysfunction can
      contribute to or cause sensorineural hearing loss. Energy flow from metabolic
      sources is needed to transduce the acoustic stimuli into neural excitation
      patterns. The presence of any systemic metabolic dysfunction can be expected to
      contribute to and cause fluctuant hearing loss.

PMID- 965275
TI  - Dichotic listening in adults with sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Digits and consonant-vowel (CV) nonsense syllables were presented dichotically to
      36 normal-hearing subjects and 36 subjects with bilaterally symmetrical
      sensorineural hearing loss. The normal-hearing subjects performed significantly
      better in the recall of both digits and CV nonsense syllables, and recall
      decreased significantly as the degree of hearing loss increased. The expected
      right ear advantage was observed for the normal-hearing subjects on both tests.
      As a group, the hearing-loss subjects showed no significant ear preference, and
      ear preference did not vary significantly with the degree of hearing loss.
      However, individual hearing-loss subjects showed marked ear asymmetry for the
      dichotic digits. For both dichotic tests, individual ear preference increased as
      the degree of hearing loss increased. Significant but low correlations were
      observed between better ear speech discrimination scores for the hearing-loss
      subjects and the preferred ear for dichotic CV nonsense syllables.

PMID- 965276
TI  - Performance by cortical lesion patients on 40 and 60% time-compressed materials.
AB  - Tape recordings of time-compressed (40 and 60%) monosyllables were administered
      to 11 patients with diffuse unilateral temporal lobe lesion, 4 hemispherectomy
      patients, and 16 patients with discrete unilateral temporal lobe lesion. Time
      compression was accomplished with the Fairbanks electromechanical apparatus,
      which allowed temporal compression but did not introduce frequency distortion.
      The results revealed that with 60% time compression, all patients with diffuse
      unilateral cortical lesion showed breakdown of speech discrimination in the ear
      contralateral to the lesion. Patients with discrete unilateral cortical lesion
      generally did not demonstrate breakdown with the 60% time-compressed materials.

PMID- 965277
TI  - Temporal summation of the acoustic reflex in normal and sensorineural hearing
      impaired ears.
AB  - Psychophysical and acoustic reflex temporal summation measures were obtained on
      normal-hearing and sensorineural hearing-impaired persons. Bursts of one-third
      octave noise with center frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz and
      durations of 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 300 msec were used as stimuli. Reflexes
      were obtained using an acoustic impedance measuring technique. Results
      demonstrated that the duration of the noise stimuli had a profound effect on the
      acoustic reflex response and that the ear with Meniere's disease was clearly
      distinguishable from the normal ear by both psychophysical and acoustic reflex
      temporal summation measurements. The presbycusic subjects were separated from the
      normal subjects to a greater extent in the psychophysical data at the higher
      frequencies. The reflex thresholds for the noise bands and durations used in this
      study occurred at lower sound pressure levels than those previously obtained. The
      normal-hearing subjects failed to show any differences in either psychophysical
      or acoustic reflex temporal summation as a function of stimulus frequency.

PMID- 965278
TI  - The veterinarian's duty to foresee animal-inflicted injury.

PMID- 965279
TI  - Granulomatous enteritis in nine horses.
AB  - Granulomatous enteritis was diagnosed in 9 horses between 1 and 11 years of age.
      The complaint in all cases was persistent weight loss. Four of the horses had
      chronic diarrhea. Two consistent diagnostic features were hypoalbuminemia and
      decreased phagocytic activity of mesothelial cells in the peritoneal fluid. In 2
      cases the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the rectal mucosa. Remaining cases
      were definitively diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy and biopsy or at necropsy.

PMID- 965280
TI  - Diagnosis and surgical treatment of cystlike lesions of the equine paranasal
      sinuses.
AB  - Development of cysts in the equine paranasal sinuses is probably a congenital
      disease; however, signs may not appear for several years. In 4 cases, clinical
      signs were observed when fluid accumulation within the cysts resulted in nasal
      discharge or facial swelling, or when secondary infection occurred. Treatment
      required surgical removal of the lining membrane and other involved tissues.
      Postoperative care included lavage of the sinuses and systemic antibiotic
      therapy.

PMID- 965281
TI  - Innervation of the equine hip and stifle joint capsules.
AB  - The hindlimbs of 3 ponies and 3 horses were dissected. The hip joint capsule was
      found to receive articular nerve fibers from the femoral, obturator, cranial
      gluteal, and sciatic nerves. The nerve fibers were distributed to the fibrous
      joint capsule and associated capsular ligaments. The stifle joint capsule was
      found to receive articular branches from the femoral, saphenous, obturator,
      common peroneal, and tibial nerves. The fibers terminated in the joint capsule,
      fat pad, patellar and collateral ligaments, and the internally situated meniscal
      and cruciate ligaments.

PMID- 965282
TI  - Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in a dog.

PMID- 965283
TI  - Ear mites in a horse.

PMID- 965284
TI  - Evaluation of transtracheal aspiration in the horse.

PMID- 965285
TI  - Sagittal fracture of the third carpal bone in a horse.

PMID- 965286
TI  - Granulosa cell tumor in a broodmare.

PMID- 965287
TI  - Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Great Dane.

PMID- 965288
TI  - Beta adrenergic blockade for management of tetralogy of Fallot in a dog.

PMID- 965289
TI  - Sebaceous gland adenomas in dogs.
AB  - In a review of neoplasm registry records at Kansas State University (1961 through
      1971), 162 sebaceous gland adenomas were reported in 31 breeds of dogs,
      representing 5.0% of 3,240 neoplasms recorded. Mean age of the affected dogs was
      9.5 years. Females accounted for 56.1% of the recorded sebaceous gland adenomas.
      The tumors were removed surgically for biopsy in all dogs; 24 dogs had multiple
      concurrent skin neoplasms of a different cell type, and 7 dogs had recurrence of
      sebaceous gland adenomas, without metastases, and required further surgery. The
      skin of the hindquarters, abdomen, and thorax was a principal site (54%) of the
      sebaceous gland adenomas.

PMID- 965290
TI  - Evaluation of a vaccine for control of streptococcic lymphadenitis of swine.
AB  - Three tirals were conducted to evaluate the use of a vaccine for control of
      streptococcic lymphadenitis of swine. Clinically normal swine were vaccinated
      orally, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Unvaccinated controls and
      the vaccinated pigs were subsequently inoculated with a virulent strain of the
      etiologic agent, group E Streptococcus, serotype IV. At necropsy, 47 of the 51
      vaccinated pigs (92.1%) were free of cervical abscesses, whereas 20 of the 21
      control pigs (95.2%) developed cervical abscesses.

PMID- 965291
TI  - Porcine abortion caused by Actinobacillus equuli.
AB  - Actinobacillus equuli was isolated from an aborted porcine fetus. Fetal lesions
      of peracute embolic septicemia were similar to those seen in septicemic
      actinobacillosis of older swine and other species. This case represented an
      individual rather than a herd abortion problem.

PMID- 965292
TI  - Cranial cruciate ligament repair in a calf.
AB  - A 1-month-old calf was unable to use its right pelvic limb because of rupture of
      the cranial cruciate ligament. The ligament was replaced with a wedge of bone
      from the cranial one-third of the patella and the attached portion of the middle
      patellar tendon. Postoperative complications limited function of the joint.

PMID- 965293
TI  - Effect of mechanical factors on the relation between rate and depth of breathing
      in cats.
AB  - In anesthetized tracheotomized cats we compared the time sequence of ventilatory
      events with neurological events (electrical activity of the diaphragm) during the
      breathing cycle. We found that under control conditions a phase shift existed
      between the neurological and the spirometric duration of inspiration, amounting
      to about 150 ms. This phase shift was increased by increasing the time constant
      of the respiratory system (resistive loading) and decreased by decreasing it
      (elastic loading). These phase shifts resulted in a difference in the
      appreciation of the volume responsible for the termination of inspiration (Hering
      Breuer inhibition) because the volume corresponding to the end of the
      neurological event was somewhat smaller than the final tidal volume reached.

PMID- 965294
TI  - Adaptation of anesthetized men to breathing through an inspiratory resistor.
AB  - Normal men anesthetized with methoxyflurane rebreathed carbon dioxide under two
      conditions. In one case they breathed most of the time through a low-resistance
      circuit and an inspiratory resistor of 40.4 cmH2O/1-s-1 was applied at intervals.
      In another case they breathed most of the time through the resistor and were
      allowed occasional free breaths. There were no differences between the two types
      of runs in tidal volume, respiratory frequency, duration of inspiration of loaded
      or unloaded breaths, or in amplitude or shape of occlusion pressure waves. It is
      concluded that the reaction of conscious men to an inspiratory resistive load,
      consisting of a compensatory augmentation of neural drive to respiratory muscles
      that does not depend on a chemical stimulus, is absent in anesthetized men.

PMID- 965295
TI  - Physiological and behavioral reactions to repeated tail cooling in the white rat.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to examine a) the effect of local cooling on the
      metabolic rate, b) the effect of metabolic rate on the peripheral circulation,
      and c) acclimation to local cooling. After habituation to the experimental
      situation, 10 white rats had their tails exposed to ice water for 40 min/day for
      37 days. Metabolic rate and tail temperature were measured. There was a
      conspicuous increase in oxygen consumption during the first 10 min of each cold
      exposure. This increase did not change significantly through the series. The
      metabolic rate during cooling was significantly reduced in the last half of the
      series. Tail temperature was significantly influenced by metabolic rate and
      increased significantly from the beginning of the series to the middle, and
      decreased from the middle to the end. Time of onset of the cold-induced
      vasodilatation decreased in the middle of the series and increased again at the
      end. These paradoxical findings are believed to be due to interplay between
      orienting reactions and habituation. It is pointed out that habituation may
      counteract acclimation.

PMID- 965296
TI  - Effects of intermittent hyperbaric oxygen on guinea pig lung elastin and
      collagen.
AB  - The effect of high oxygen pressure on collagen and elastin turnover in lung
      parenchyma tissue was studied in guinea pigs. Three groups of animals was used.
      One group (I) was given a clinically excessive exposure of 3 h daily for 9 days
      of 3 ATA oxygen. A second group (II) was given 3 ATA compressed air on the same
      schedule, and a third (III), a control, was given the same handling conditions
      only. Collagen and elastin which amounted to 10.45 and 4.62 mg, respectively, per
      100 mg dry defatted parenchymal tissue was labeled with [14C]proline injected ip.
      Connective tissue protein turnover was estimated by labeling half of each group
      before exposure (a); effects on biosynthesis were determined by labeling the
      other half postexposure (b). No differences in hydroxyproline specific activity
      of collagen fractions or elastin were found with respect to either biosynthesis
      or turnover. Alveolar wall length-tension measurements were not changed. Since
      exposures were in excess of those used for treatment of gas gangrene, ischemic
      burns or wound healing, these results suggest that the metabolism of lung
      connective tissue is unaffected by the short-term exposure to hyperbaric oxygen.

PMID- 965297
TI  - Gas-blood CO2 equilibration in parabronchial lungs of birds.
AB  - We have conducted two experimental series in the chicken in order to study CO2
      exchange in the parabronchial lungs of birds. In the first series, the animals
      were artifically ventilated and end-expired PCO2, PE'CO2, was measured and
      compared with mixed venous PCO2, PVCO2. On the average, PECO2 exceeded PVCO2 by
      2.8 Torr. In the second series, rebreathing was used to investigate the mechanism
      of this positive (PE'-PV)CO2 difference. Lung gas PCO2 was found to equilibrate
      with PVCO2 if both CO2 and O2 exchange in the lung was abolished during
      rebreathing. Only if O2 uptake continued, we observed a positive gas-to-mixed
      venous blood PCO2 difference. The results suggest that positive gas-blood PCO2
      differences both during rebreathing and steady-state ventilation are brought
      about by the Haldane effect. Model calculations show that in the homogeneous
      avian lung, unlike in the alveolar lung, the Haldane effect can produce positive
      (PE'-PV)CO2 differences during steady-state breathing due to the peculiarities of
      the crosscurrent arrangement and parabronchial ventilation and blood perfusion.

PMID- 965298
TI  - Uterine work in parturition.
AB  - This  paper presents a theoretical analysis relating work expended by the uterus
      to the synergistic relationship between intrauterine pressure (IUP) and cervical
      dilatation (CD). By utilizing a geometrical model for the fetal presenting part
      which is assumed to be in contact with the cervix, the changes in internal volume
      of the uterus with each contraction can be shown to be functionally related to
      cervical dilatation. Thus work, expressed in terms of foot-pounds, can be
      calculated using the integral of pressure times incremental volume. By simulating
      intrauterine pressure and cervical dilatation with continuous analytical wave
      forms, the alterations required in uterine work to dilate the cervix are
      calculated for various wave-form aberrations which are seen in clinical
      situations. The wave-form aberrations are applied to an elastic cervical model as
      well as a viscoelastic model. Using the principles of thermodynamics the areas of
      the fetouterine complex which absorb the work generated by the contractions are
      defined. It is shown that the efficiency of the contractions to dilate the cervix
      can be calculated by evaluating the work expended in these various areas of
      energy absorption. The purpose of this paper is to present the theory upon which
      clinical findings in obstetrics can be based so that conclusions drawn will be
      technically sound.

PMID- 965299
TI  - Plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, and aldosterone during intense heat
      stress.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels, arterial
      blood pressure, and heart rate of six male students were investigated during and
      after heat stress in a sauna bath. Increased PRA, angiotensin II, and aldosterone
      levels were found both during and after sauna. The greatest mean increases in PRA
      (94.9 +/- 10.4% SE, P less than 0.005) and angiotensin II (196 +/- 54.7% SE, P
      less than 0.02) were observed at the end of the heat stress (at 20 min), and that
      in plasma aldosterone (505 +/- 209% SE, P less than 0.02) 30 min after the sauna.
      The heart rate roughly doubled during the heat stress and there was a transient
      increase followed by a decrease in systolic blood pressure and a decrease in
      diastolic blood pressure. This study demonstrates that intense heat stress can
      cause remarkable changes in the three main components of the renin-angiotensin
      aldosterone system.

PMID- 965300
TI  - Evaluation of the isolated paced rat heart.
AB  - Ventricular performance and coronary flow in Langendorff perfused rat hearts were
      measured over a wide range of perfusion pressures and heart rates. A change in
      aortic pressure from 60 to 120 mmHg induced a linear increase in coronary flow,
      ventricular systolic pressure, and contractility. Ventricular pacing from 300 to
      600 beats/min under a constant afterload had no effect on coronary flow. Systolic
      pressure remained stable up to 400-450 beats/min and then decreased 14% at 600
      beats/min compared to the nonpaced controls. When contraction rate exceeded 450
      beats/min diastolic pressure progressively increased as the heart rate was
      elevated. Contractility decreased rapidly between 450 and 600 beats/min under all
      perfusion pressures. These data indicate that this heart model is physiologically
      stable with heart rates less than 450 beats/min and may be useful in studying
      tachycardia-induced work overload.

PMID- 965301
TI  - Exercise stress and enzyme-induced emphysema.
AB  - Rats were exposed to an aerosol of 10% papain for 8 h found in pilot studies to
      produce marked emphysema. One week after exposure some animals were forced to
      exercise in a motor-driven activity wheel 2 h daily for 4 wk, while others
      remained at rest. Another group of rats which served as the control were exposed
      to saline under the same conditions and divided into exercise and rest groups.
      Elastic recoil pressure (Pst) of lung was measured from static deflation pressure
      volume curves with air and saline. Pst measured in air-filled lungs was not
      significantly different between the emphysema-rest and emphysema-exercise groups.
      When inflated with saline the Pst was significantly reduced in the emphysema
      exercise compared to the emphysema-rest group at high and mid (100, 80, 60%) lung
      volumes. Pst in air- and saline-filled lungs was not significantly different
      between the control-rest and control-exercise groups. We therefore conclude that
      mechanical stress resulting from physical exercise decreased Pst of lung tissue
      in emphysematous rats.

PMID- 965302
TI  - Role of the carotid bodies in the heart rate response to breath holding in man.
AB  - To investigate the role of the carotid bodies in regulating the bradycardia of
      breath holding in man, we studied heart rate (HR) responses to prolonged breath
      holding (BH) in five asymptomatic asthmatic patients whose carotid bodies had
      been resected (CBR). Seven normal subjects served as controls. BH experiments
      were randomly initiated with single breaths of 100%, 21%, or 12% 92. During BH
      with 21% O2, normal subjects displayed the typical bradycardia; this response,
      however, was attenuated with the other O2 concentrations. In contrast, the CBR
      subjects manifested BH tachycardia which was inversely proportional to the O2
      tension. HR increased in be CBR group by 5%, 31%, and 45% during BH with 100%,
      21%, and 12% O2, respectively. These results demonstrate that the bradycardia of
      BH in normal man is under the influence of the carotid bodies. During BH and in
      the absence of carotid bodies, an O2 tension-dependent tachycardia is unveiled.

PMID- 965303
TI  - Decompression-induced decrease in nitrogen elimination rate in awake dogs.
AB  - Formulation of safe decompression procedures still requires unproven assumptions
      regarding both gas equilibration rates and the associated ascent criteria.
      Although the assumption of symmetry of uptake and elimination rates has been
      suspect for several years, few data are available. Measurements of actual mixed
      venous blood nitrogen content [vN2] during compression and following
      decompression in chronically catheterized awake dogs have clearly demonstrated
      that desaturation is markedly slower than saturation, and that this effect can be
      imposed by decompression. The disappearance of arteriovenous nitrogen
      concentration differences during desaturation following a decompression that
      produced decompression sickness indicates that cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular
      changes induced by mechanisms associated with decompression per se can potentiate
      its deleterious effects. Current US practices do not provide for such asymmetry,
      while those used in the UK have incorporated this in their models for the last
      decade.

PMID- 965304
TI  - Depressed myocardial function in the goat at high altitude.
AB  - To determine if depressed myocardial function contributes to the reported
      decrease in cardiac performance at high altitude, six chronically instrumented,
      unsedated goats were studied before, during, and after 2-wk exposure to hypobaric
      hypoxia (PaO2 44 mmHg). Undistorted ventricular pressure wave form was obtained
      from a miniature transducer implanted in the left ventricular cavity. The
      relationship between (dP/dt)/28P and P was extrapolated to obtain Vmax as an
      index of myocardial function. With beta sympathetic blockade (practolol) and
      pacing to reproduce heart rates, Vmax was uniformly and significantly depressed
      (P less than 0.01) during chronic hypoxia, and returned to control values
      following descent to low altitude. Likewise, stroke volume following saline
      infusion was decreased at high altitude and returned to control values following
      descent. Acute relief of hypoxia at high altitude by administration of 100%
      oxygen by mask did not reverse the depressed Vmax. These findings indicate that
      chronic hypobaric hypoxia produces a depression of myocardial function which is
      reversible by chronic but not acute relief of hypoxia.

PMID- 965305
TI  - Myocardial interaction between the ventricles.
AB  - The myocardial interaction between the ventricles was studied using isolated,
      flow-perfused, paced rabbit hearts beating isovolumically. In general, increasing
      left ventricular (LV) volume increased right ventricular (RV) diastolic and
      developed pressures. In particular, with a peak RV volume (RVV), increasing LV
      volume (LVV) from zero to two-thirds of its peak volume increase RV diastolic
      pressure by 1.7 mmHg (N=10, P less than 0.001) and RV developed pressure by 1.5
      mmHg (N=10,P less than 0.001). For the LV, small RVV caused LV diastolic and
      developed pressure to increase, while large RVV increased LV diastolic pressure
      but decreased LV developed pressure. With a LVV held at two-third of peak volume,
      increasing RVV from zero to its peak volume caused LV diastolic pressure to
      increase by 2.5 mmHg (N=10,P less than 0.001) and LV developed pressure to
      decrease by 2.0 mmHg (N=10, P less than 0.001). The position of the
      interventricular septum correlated with LV diastolic pressure and RV diastolic
      and developed pressure changes (P less than 0.01). The results demonstrate that
      the diastolic and developed pressure-volume relationships of either ventricle can
      be acutely altered by varying the volume of the other ventricle.

PMID- 965306
TI  - Mechanics of the canine diaphragm.
AB  - Diaphragmatic force-length behavior was assessed in anesthetized dogs using two
      techniques. One employed measurements in a diaphragm strip with intact nerve and
      blood supply; the second related transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) to direct
      estimates of diaphragmatic tension from strain gauge arches during bilateral,
      tetanic, supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation. In strip preparations the
      diaphragm exerted active force at lengths as short as 40% of resting in situ
      length (Lo), and maximal force was registered at a length averaging 25% greater
      than Lo. This suggested a broader effective length range for the diaphragm as
      compared to other skeletal muscles. In the intact preparation both Pdi and
      directly measured diaphragmatic tension were inversely related to lung volume and
      when they were used to calculate the diaphragm's effective radius of curvature
      (r), r was found to change little or decrease at large lung volumes rather than
      increase as theory would predict. These findings suggest that length tension
      characteristics outweigh geometric considerations in explaining the diaphragm's
      function in normal dogs and probably normal men.

PMID- 965307
TI  - Modulation of carotid baroreflex responsiveness in man: effects of posture and
      propranolol.
AB  - Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated with graded neck suction in supine and
      standing volunteers, before and after autonomic blockade, to determine the
      influence of posture on baroreflex responsiveness. Propranolol significantly
      augmented baroreflex pulse interval prolongation in the supine position. Upright
      posture did not modify baroreflex pulse interval responses prior to propranolol,
      but significantly augmented responses after propranolol. The results suggest that
      standing enhances baroreflex sensitivity, but that under normal circumstances,
      this effect is masked by beta-adrenergic stimulation. Augmentation of baroreflex
      pulse interval prolongation in the supine and standing positions by propranolol
      may contribute to the effectiveness of this drug in angina pectoris and labile
      hypertension.

PMID- 965308
TI  - Distribution of pulmonary resistance: effects of gas density, viscosity, and flow
      rate.
AB  - Theoretical predictions of the distribution of inspiratory viscous pressure loss
      were made for canine and human pulmonary airways for gases with varying density
      and viscosity at different pulmonary flow rates. We predicted that in canine or
      human airways when tracheal flow was turbulent, most of the total calculated
      pressure loss would be in the first few branchings of the bronchial tree; however
      when tracheal flow was nearly laminar inspiratory pressure loss would be spread
      more uniformly along the airways. To test these predictions an airway catheter
      was used to partition total pulmonary resistance (RL) in five anesthetized dogs.
      On air the catheter was positioned such that the mean resistance mouthward of the
      catheter tip (Rc) at a flow of 0.5 1/s was 63% of RL. At the same catheter
      position Rc was 87% of RL when the dogs were breathing a mixture of 80% sulfur
      hexafluoride-20% oxygen and resistance was determined at 1.0 1/s. Rc was 50% of
      RL when the dogs were breathing a mixture of 80% helium-20% oxygen and resistance
      was determined at 0.25 1/s. Thus altering gas physical properties and flow rates
      changed the distribution of pulmonary resistance as predicted.

PMID- 965309
TI  - Localization of airway constriction using gases of varying density and viscosity.
AB  - The relationship between the major site of airway constriction and change in
      total pulmonary resistance while breathing gases of varying density and viscosity
      was studied in five anesthetized dogs pretreated with atropine. Using an airway
      catheter, central and peripheral components of pulmonary resistance were measured
      by forced oscillation. Total pulmonary resistance was measured at 0.5 1/s with
      lungs air-filled, at 0.25 1/s with the lungs filled with 80% helium-20% oxygen
      (RL-He), and at 1.0 1/s with 80% sulfur hexafluoride-20% oxygen (RL-SF6).
      Intravenous histamine infusion resulted in a predominantly peripheral resistance
      increase as determined by the airway catheter and a much larger percentage
      increase in RL-He than in RL-SF6. Tracheal banding produced a purely central
      resistance increase and a greater change in RL-SF6 than in FL-He. These results
      support theoretical predictions that the predominant site of airways constriction
      can be determined without on airway catheter by comparing relative changes in
      total pulmonary resistance using different flow regimes.

PMID- 965310
TI  - Determinants of regional distribution of a bolus inhaled from residual volume.
AB  - The volume of lung at residual volume (RV) which fails to receive an inhaled
      tracer bolus (EXV) was quantitated in 13 normals by comparison of a scintigram of
      the distribution of a tracer bolus inhaled from RV (BORV) with a scintigram at RV
      of lung equilibrated with the tracer (EQRV). EXV was found in the dependent lung
      in the erect position in all subjects but also occurred to a lesser degree at the
      apex in 11 of 13 subjects. Basal EXV ranged from 1 to 7% of TLC, and unlike
      apical EXV increased with age (r= 0.91, P less than 0.01). EXV in the decubitus
      position shifted largely to the dependent lung with none remaining in the
      original erect apical and basal locations, demonstrating that gravity determined
      EXV location. Nitrous oxide, which is highly diffusible, failed in four subjects
      to carry the tracer to basal EXV even though perfusion was documented to persist
      to this area, implying basal EXV airways were closed, not narrowed. In one of the
      four subjects apical EXV was readily definable. Nitrous oxide carried tracer into
      this region, implying patent apical EXV airways.

PMID- 965311
TI  - Storage telemetric system for detection of radionuclide tracers in humans.
AB  - An external-storage telemetric device for continuous detection and registration
      of radionuclide tracers in humans is described. The weight of the system is 600
      g. A pocket-sized ECG cassette tape recorder with 24-h continuous registration
      constitutes the storage unit. Two end-window GM detectors (Philips 18515) are
      used as surface detectors. Both gamma- and beta-emitters are detected by this
      equipment. The linear range is 100 counts/s. Renal excretion of [125I]iodide
      during 30 h in a normal person is shown. The disappearance rates are 0.1 h-1
      during the day and 0.05 h-1 during the night. The coefficient of variation of the
      individual slopes has been calculated to less than 5%. A comparison with the
      analog radiotelemetric equipment is shown. The storage telemetric equipment can
      be applied outside the hospital, when the patient is ambulatory.

PMID- 965312
TI  - Ventilation-perfusion ratio obtained by a noninvasive frequency response
      technique.
AB  - Results of animal experiments using sinusoidal changes in inspired halothane
      concentration showed that the ratio of variation in end-expired concentration to
      the variation in inspired concentration reached a plateau in the Bode diagram.
      With the help of an uptake and distribution model, the interpretation of the
      results showed that the level of the plateau is determined by the overall
      ventilation-perfusion ratio. With a good selection of input frequency, tracer
      agent, and known ventilation, the ventilation-perfusion ratio and the lung
      perfusion can be consequently obtained noninvasively. Mean ventilation-perfusion
      ratio was determined with 20 human voluteers. At rest a mean ratio was found of
      0.87 +/- 0.28 (SD). At a work load of 90 W a mean ratio was found of 1.19 +/-
      0.19 (SD). In two individuals reproducibility and influence of CO2 was studied.
      At rest without additional CO2 the ventilation-perfusion ratio was 0.71 +/- 0.06
      (SD) obtained with a constant breathing rate of 10/min. At an end-expired CO2
      level of 6% the ventilation-perfusion ratio was increased almost 2.5 times. The
      calculated perfusion with and without increased end-expired CO2 levels under the
      same work load were well reproducible.

PMID- 965313
TI  - Novel telemetric system for extraluminal measurement of gastrointestinal
      motility.
AB  - A frequency-modulated, telemetric system with a transducer sensitive to variation
      in distance between two points was developed and used to measure in vivo small
      intestinal motor function in unanesthetized dogs. The construction of the system
      and one application of it to the study of gastrointestinal motility is described.
      Data were recorded after fasting, 1 h after feeding a standardized meat meal, and
      after intravenous injections of pentagastrin. A significant increase in motility
      was seen after pentagastrin injections and feeding as compared to the motility
      pattern seen in a fasting animal, and the telemetric system was proven adequate
      for in vivo measurement of motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 965314
TI  - Small inexpensive anesthetic apparatus for rats.
AB  - An anesthetic apparatus is described that is capable of delivering easily
      controlled, constant ether-air mixtures to rats and other small laboratory
      animals. The apparatus is readily calibrated and is stable for extended periods
      of time under laboratory conditions. In  addition, the apparatus can be
      constructed of commonly available components.

PMID- 965315
TI  - Mechanical apparatus for rigid suspension of the spinal column in mammals.
AB  - An apparatus is described for rigid suspension of the spinal columns of mammals
      ranging in size from large dogs to small rabbits. This apparatus is unique in
      that the animal is suspended on its side, allowing free access to the entire
      spinal column for spinal cord studies and free access to the thoracic and
      abdominal regions for heart, lung, and visceral studies that may require
      simultaneous surgical procedures in both ventral and dorsal regions.

PMID- 965316
TI  - Estimation of cardiac output by an N2O rebreathing method in adults and children.
AB  - A nitrous oxide rebreathing method was used to measure recirculation time and
      cardiac output (as pulmonary blood flow) in adults and children during exercise.
      The method was compared with the indirect (CO2) Fick rebreathing method in almost
      simultaneous measurements of cardiac output. Recirculation time varied from about
      15 s at rest to 8.5 s at high levels of exercise, and was slightly longer in
      children than adults. Cardiac output estimated by both methods was within the
      normal range for children and adults, being lower for a given oxygen consumption
      in children. For the adults the mean intrasubject variability of the N2O
      rebreathing method, measured as the coefficient of variation of cardiac output,
      was in the range of 6-8% at all levels of work. This was lower than reported for
      other N2O rebreathing methods, and similar to values based on the indirect (CO2)
      Fick, direct (O2) Fick, and dye-dilution methods of estimating cardiac output.
      The method is therefore proposed as a noninvasive technique suitable for rapid,
      accurate, and reproducible measurements of cardiac output.

PMID- 965317
TI  - Simple method of hepatic venous blood sampling in the rat.
AB  - An improved method of hepatic venous blood sampling by catheterization in rats is
      proposed and applied to the measurement of hepatic blood flow (HBF) by the
      continuous ICG infusion method in normal rats and in rats treated chronically
      with CC1(4). The value of HBF determined by the present method was 0.90 +/- 0.17
      (SD) ml/min per g liver under ether anesthesia, which was consistent with the
      reported values determined by other more complicated methods. The applicability
      of the present method was also shown in CC1(4) chronic intoxicated rats, to give
      0.64 +/- 0.11 ml/min per g liver of HBF.

PMID- 965318
TI  - Electrochemical sensor for continuous transcutaneous PCO2 measurement.
AB  - A sensor suitable for continuous transcutaneous PCO2 measurements is described.
      The sensor consists of an antimony-antimony oxide electrode in combination with a
      silver-silver chloride reference electrode, bathed in an electrolyte and covered
      by a Teflon membrane. A servo-controlled heater unit was used to maintain the
      sensor's temperature and to produce local hyperemia. The resulting oxidation
      reduction potential under constant temperature is a linear function of the
      logarithm PCO2. Response time (95%) to step changes in PCO2 from 27 to 70 mmHg
      was 2.7 +/- 0.3 min. Following a 12-h "aging" time, the electrode exhibited a
      minimal drift of 5.2 +/- 2.2 mV for 16 h, representing an average PCO2 drift of
      0.5 mmHg/h. This sensor was applied on three rabbits and on five human
      volunteers, and found satisfactory under normal physiological conditions.

PMID- 965319
TI  - The impact of trust on creative problem solving groups.

PMID- 965320
TI  - Relationships between leader behavior and subordinate satisfaction and
      performance: a test of some situational moderators.

PMID- 965321
TI  - An investigation of the validity of leader behavior descriptions obtained from
      subordinates.

PMID- 965322
TI  - Collaborative study of accelerated development of latent fingerprint images on
      paper by application of steam.
AB  - Nine latent fingerprint examiners participated in a collaborative study in the
      use of a steam iron to accelerate chemical development of latent images on bond
      and newsprint papers treated with a 0.5% solution of ninhydrin in acetone. Four
      latent images were placed on each paper by the Associate Referee during an 8 hr
      period. The papers were paired and numbered 1, 2, and 3. Three pairs were mailed
      to each collaborator who treated Pair 1 by dipping, Pair 2 by brushing or
      swabbing, and Pair 3 by spraying. After air-drying, the papers were subjected to
      heat and steam from a household steam iron until the images developed. The
      average time for developing all images was 5.8 min/paper. Of the total images
      available, 92.1% were developed to some degree; 47.9% of these images or 43.5% of
      all images were identified by the collaborators. The method has been adopted as
      offical first action.

PMID- 965323
TI  - Uses of field desorption mass spectrometry in the pharmaceutical industry.
AB  - Field desorption (FD) is a gentle method of ionizing molecules from the solid
      state. The method is still in its infancy and remains more of an art than a
      science. Purines, pyrimidines, pteridines, and nucleosides represent some of the
      compound classes which are studied repeatedly in our laboratory. Often the
      primary information sought is the molecular weight. Many of these compounds are
      thermally unstable or nonvolatile. In these instances, FD mass spectrometry has
      proven to be quite helpful. Molecular weights are obtained in a short time,
      eliminating the need for more time-consuming derivatization or chemical
      degradation methods. FD has been applied to the study of drug metabolism and has
      shown great promise in determining polar metabolites, including direct analysis
      of glucuronide, sulfate, and amino acid conjugates. Some problems have been
      encountered in handling samples of biological origins. Salt impurities introduced
      by the separation procedure may interfere with the desorption process. Cluster
      ions and background noise make it difficult to assign molecular ions, and some
      compounds do not yield molecular ions with FD.

PMID- 965324
TI  - Applications of mass spectrometry to the analysis of mycotoxins.
AB  - Methods of identifying mycotoxins by mass spectrometry are reviewed, with special
      reference to the value of a complete listing of known fungal metabolites,
      arranged by molecular weight. Such a list is applied to the identification of
      various mycotoxins, and mass spectrometry is applied to the structural
      elucidation of dimethylnidurufin and ostreogrycin A.

PMID- 965325
TI  - Review of the metabolism and mode of action of cyclophosphamide.
AB  - A review of recent studies of the pharmacology of cyclophosphamide is presented.
      Particular attention is paid to the use of mass spectrometry in the
      identification of the active compound phosphoramide mustard as a circulating
      human metabolite of cyclophosphamide, the development of an assay method for
      cyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard, and nornitrogen mustard, and a
      demonstration that alkylation by phosphoramide mustard proceeds through a
      symmetrical aziridinium ion.

PMID- 965326
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric ion selective detection of
      sterigmatocystin in grains.
AB  - A method was developed for direct gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric
      (GLC-MS) analysis of nonderivatized sterigmatocystin in wheat, rice, barley, and
      corn. Sterigmatocystin was extracted from spiked grain samples by 2 methods, both
      of which yielded high recoveries of 14C-labeled sterigmatocystin (greater than
      90%). Extracts were cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography on polystyrene
      with tetrahydrofuran as the eluant. Chromatography of 14C-labeled compound
      indicated good recoveries (greater than 90%). The GLC-MS system was modified to
      give an all-glass chromatographic pathway to the ion source. Short glass or
      quartz columns packed with silicone liquid phase on inert supports gave the best
      results. Trace levels of sterigmatocystin were very labile in all gas
      chromatographic systems and levels below 5 ppb in grains were detected only with
      great difficulty. The GLC-MS system was utilized in the mass fragmentography
      mode, with selective ion monitoring of the m/e 295, 306, and 324 peaks. These
      ions were present in only trace levels in all control grain samples, indicating
      minimal interference from other compounds. The limit of accurate detectability
      (20 ng) on spiked grain samples was lower than previously reported. Lower levels
      of sterigmatocystin (1 ppb or 4 ng on column) could be detected in grains by
      using the mass fragmentography mode, but these levels could not be measured
      accurately.

PMID- 965327
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of L-aspartyl-L
      phenylalanine methyl ester in various food products and formulations.
AB  - A simple, rapid, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
      procedure is described for the analysis of the chemical sweetener L-aspartyl-L
      phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame). Using a strong cation exchange column and
      pressures less than 1000 psig, an analysis can be performed in less than 15 min.
      The technique has been applied to a wide range of food products and formulations.
      No interferences were found in the samples studied. Recoveries are quantitative,
      and the coefficients of variation for replicate analyses are less than or equal
      to 2.5%.

PMID- 965328
TI  - Impurities in commercial saccharin. I. Impurities soluble in organic solvents.
AB  - Thirteen saccharin samples used for carcinogenicity tests in animals in various
      laboratories were analyzed for their chemical purity. Although most of the
      impurities were water-soluble, some were mainly soluble in organic solvents.
      These impurities were extracted with chloroform-methanol from a water solution of
      sodium saccharin. Samples obtained as acid-saccharin were converted to the sodium
      form before extraction. The major impurity in commercial saccharin, o
      toluenesulfonamide, was also soluble in this system. Impurities were separated by
      gas-liquid chromatography of the underivatized, concentrated extract. Eleven
      major, well separated peaks were collected from the gas chromatographic column
      and identified by mass spectroscopy. Some of the peaks were compared with known
      standards. Qualitative and quantitative differences in impurities were observed
      among different saccharin samples. The identified impurities (in order of
      appearance from the gas-liquid chromatographic column) were as follows: o
      toluenesulfonamide; p-toluenesufonamide; 1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide; 1,2
      benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide; diphenylsulfone; 0,0'-ditolylsulfone; o,m'
      ditolylsulfone, o,p'-ditolylsulfone; m,p'-ditolylsulfone; p,p'-ditolylsulfone,
      and tetracosane.

PMID- 965329
TI  - Evaluation and confirmation of an alkylation-gas-liquid chromatographic method
      for the determination of carbamate and urea herbicides in foods.
AB  - An alkylation technique using methyl iodide and sodium hydride in dimethyl
      sulfoxide has been evaluated for 3 carbamate and 7 urea herbicides in 9 foods.
      Recoveries ranged from 56 to 113%, depending on herbicide, concentration, and
      food type. Reproducibility was about +/-6% at 0.1 and 1.0 ppm. Identities of the
      herbicides were confirmed at these and lower levels by cleaving the aniline
      moiety from the alkylated herbicides with sodium methoxide in methanol, followed
      by gas-liquid chromatography on the same column as the parent compound. An
      electrolytic conductivity detector in the nitrogen mode was used for all
      analyses. Minimum detectable levels were in the range of 0.005-0.01 ppm in the
      foods studied.

PMID- 965330
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of urea herbicides in foods.
AB  - A method is described for the direct analysis of the urea herbicides linuron,
      monuron, diuron, chlorbromuron, fluometuron, chloroxuron, and fenuron in cabbage,
      corn, potatoes, turnip, and wheat at 0.01-1.0 ppm. The samples are extracted with
      acetone; the filtrate is partitioned with hexane-methylene chloride (1+1)
      followed by 2 other extractions with methylene chloride. The organic phases are
      dried and concentrated for column chromatographic cleanup on 2% deactivated
      Florisil. The column fractions are evaporated just to dryness and redissolved in
      10 ml isooctane for high-pressure liquid chromatography on a 25 cm silica gel (5
      mum) column. Isopropanol in isooctane is the mobile phase, and compounds are
      measured by ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm. Recoveries are greater than 80% in
      most cases. These results are confirmed by alkylation with sodium hydride-methyl
      iodide in dimethyl sulfoxide to form the methyl products which are analyzed by
      the same chromatographic system or by gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 965331
TI  - Reference Raman spectra of ten phosphorus-containing pesticides.
AB  - The Raman spectra of malathion, ethion, methyl parathion, parathion, EPN, 0,0
      diethyl-0-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate, dichlorvos, mevinphos, tributyl
      phosphorotrithioite, and 2,4-dichlorobenzyltributylphosphonium chloride have been
      recorded. These spectra are presented, along with tables giving values for the
      frequencies.

PMID- 965332
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of chlorphoxim residues in water and
      fish by in-block methylation.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the analysis of
      residues of chlorphoxim, 2-chloro-alpha ((diethoxyphosphinothioyl)oxy)imino)
      benzeneacetonitrile, in water and fish. The method is based on the in-block
      methylation of chlorphoxim with 0.01M trimethylanilinium hydroxide in methanol.
      The derivative, O,O-diethyl O-methyl phosphorothioate, was determined
      quantitatively by using a flame photometric detector specific for phosphorus. The
      in-block reaction is 70% efficient. Water samples were extracted with hexane;
      fish were extracted with methylene chloride and cleaned up on an acetonitrile
      hexane partition column. Recoveries from water and fish samples spiked with
      chlorphoxim averaged 86.3 and 80.4%, respectively. Limits of detection were 10.0
      ppb for 5 g samples of fish and 0.10 ppb for 300 ml water samples.

PMID- 965333
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of azinphos ethyl in human plasma and in
      mouse plasma, tissue, and fat.
AB  - A new method for the determination of azinphos ethyl (O,O-diethyl-S-(4-oxo-1,2,3
      benzotriazin-3(4H)-ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate) in human plasma and in mouse
      plasma, tissue, and fat has been developed. The method is based on extraction
      with benzene or hexane and cleanup of fat and tissue samples by a minicolumn
      containing Florisil and sodium sulfate. Azinphos ethyl is eluted from the column
      with 10% acetonitrile in benzene and is concentrated to an appropriate volume for
      gas-liquid chromatographic analysis, using a 63Ni electron capture detector and a
      glass column containing 3% OV-1 on Gas-Chrom Q. The method is sensitive to 0.005
      ppm in human plasma, 0.01 ppm in mouse plasma, 0.08 ppm in mouse liver, 0.05 ppm
      in mouse brain, and 0.10 ppm in mouse fat. The limit of detection is 2 pg; mean
      recoveries ranged from 96 to 98%.

PMID- 965334
TI  - Ion selective electrode for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
AB  - An electrode responsive to 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was constructed
      by dissolving tetrazolium derivatives as an ion exchanger in a liquid membrane.
      The electrode exhibited rapid and Nernstian response to solutions of 2,4-D over
      the concentration range 10(-1) to 10(-4)M. The presence of diverse substances
      such as acetate, benzoate, and 3-indoleacetate showed no appreciable effect on
      the electromotive force of the electrode.

PMID- 965335
TI  - Improved microbiological procedure for determining bacitracin in premixes and
      mixed feeds.
AB  - An improved microbiological procedure is presented for determining bacitracin in
      premixes and mixed feeds. Premixes are extracted with acidic 50% aqueous
      methanol, and mixed feeds are extracted with 50% dimethylformamide after washing
      with acetone to remove fats and pigments. Extracts are diluted with pH 6.0
      phosphate buffer and assayed by using a 2-point assay system with Micrococcus
      flavus as the test organism. The simpler extraction coupled with the 2-point
      assay system measured bacitracin levels as low as 10 g/ton. Accuracy and
      repeatability of the 2-point system were at least equivalent to those for
      official AOAC methods.

PMID- 965336
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol in agricultural
      crops.
AB  - A method is presented for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of
      chloramphenicol in agricultural crops. Chloramphenicol is extracted with ethyl
      acetate, cleaned up by silicic acid column chromatography, acetylated with acetic
      anhydride and pyridine, and then measured by gas-liquid chromatography with
      electron capture detection. Two stationary phases, DEGS + phosphoric acid and
      Reoplex 400, were used. The sensitivity was ca 8 ng (40% full scale deflection).
      The efficicency of the analytical method was evaluated by analyzing crops
      fortified with chloramphenicol. The average recovery ranged from 72% in
      unpolished rice to 86% in Chinese radishes.

PMID- 965337
TI  - Colorimetric reagents for determining vitamin A in feeds and foods.
AB  - Selected blue-color developing reagents for determining vitamin A, effects of
      some carotenoids, tocopherol, and sterols commonly found in vitamin A extracts of
      feeds and foods, and effects of moisture and light on the colors developed under
      normal laboratory conditions were studied. Similar blue colors were obtained
      using SbCl3, CF3COOH, and CCl3COOH in solutions of CHCl3, CH2Cl2 and C2H4Cl2. In
      general, the reagents in CH2Cl2 solutions produced the most stable blue colors.
      The CCl3COOH-in-CH2Cl2 reagent developed slightly higher initial color, but
      CCl3COOH, especially in CHCl3 solution, was the least stable reagent. Small
      amounts of moisture affected only SbCl3 reagents, by forming cloudy solutions and
      precipitates. Carotene and monohydroxy and dihydroxy carotenoids reacted with all
      reagents tested to produce bluish colors, which, however, reached maximum
      development much later than the vitamin A blue colors. The presence of sterols
      slightly decreased color production of vitamin A solutions and frequently
      slightly increased rate of fading, especially for SbCl3 reagents. With proper
      precautions any of the reagents studied may be used to determine vitamin A. The
      preferred reagent for general use probably is CF3COOH-in-CH2Cl2, but it is not
      the most economical.

PMID- 965338
TI  - Collaborative study of the determination of sodium in dietetic foods by the
      sodium ion electrode method.
AB  - The dietetic food sample is diluted with total ionic strength adjusted buffer.
      The electrode potential of the sample is measured, known increments of sodium are
      added, and the electrode potential is measured after each addition. The mv
      readings obtained are plotted on Gran's paper and the concentration of sodium in
      the sample is found from the intercept of the extrapolated straight line. Seven
      processed dietetic vegetables and 2 spiked samples were sent to 7 collaborators.
      There was a 95.8% agreement between the results from the 7 collaborators and the
      Associate Referee for the unfortified samples. Recoveries of 98.5 and 95.1% were
      obtained on fortified samples, based on results from 5 collaborators. The
      statistical analysis indicates minimal bias and adequate precision for
      determination of sodium in dietetic food at the current regulatory requirements.
      The method has been adopted as official first action.

PMID- 965339
TI  - Collaborative study of methods for the determination of chloride, citrate, and
      phosphate in processed cheese.
AB  - A collaborative study was conducted to compare the International Dairy Federation
      (IDF)/International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/Association of
      Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) proposed methods for the determination of
      chloride and citrate in processed cheese with the corresponding current AOAC
      methods. Since there is no current AOAC method for phosphate, only the
      IDF/ISO/AOAC method was used. Five samples of processed cheese were prepared with
      varying added amounts of the anions of interest. The samples were analyzed in
      duplicate by 7 collaborating laboratories. For chloride, both methods are
      comparable, but since the IDF/ISO/AOAC method is simpler and faster it has been
      adopted as official first action to replace the current AOAC method, 16.224. For
      citrate, the colorimetric IDF/ISO/AOAC method is more rapid and simpler than the
      current AOAC gravimetric method. However, the AOAC method is more precise.
      Therefore, the proposed method has been adopted as official first action as an
      alternative to 16.237. For phosphate, 2 of the 7 laboratories were outliers by
      the Youden ranking test but the results by the remaining laboratories appear
      satisfactory. The phosphate method should receive further study to reduce the
      between-laboratory error component.

PMID- 965340
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of ferric, ferrous, and total iron in drugs by
      reaction with alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl.
AB  - The drug sample is dissolved in 0.2N HCl to yield a final concentration of 30 mug
      Fe/ml, an aliquot is reacted with alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, and the pH is adjusted
      with an acetate buffer. For Fe(II), the color intensity is measured at 523 nm.
      For total iron, ascorbic acid is added to a separate aliquot of the sample
      solution, reducing all the iron present to Fe(II), which is then reacted with
      alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, diluted to volume, and read at 523 nm. The Fe(III)
      content is determined by subtracing Fe(II) from total iron. This method is
      applicable to iron-containing drugs and drug dosage forms.

PMID- 965341
TI  - Investigation and identification of the bromination products of
      dimethoxyamphetamines.
AB  - The qualitative analysis of the aromatic bromination products of the 6 isomeric
      dimethoxyamphetamines and their hydrochloride or hydrobromide salts is described.
      Their ultraviolet, mass, and proton magnetic resonance spectra are not
      sufficiently different for distinction but infrared spectra allow a positive
      identification to be made and reference spectra are provided for the bromination
      products of 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 4,5-, and 3,5-dimethoxyamphetamines. The
      application of gas-liquid and thin layer chromatography for the analysis of these
      products is discussed. The bromination of 2,3-dimethoxyamphetamine consistently
      gave mixtures which could not be separated satisfactorily; spectra are included
      for completeness of the comparison of products.

PMID- 965342
TI  - Extraction and partition chromatography of tolbutamide as ion-pairs with
      quaternary ammonium cations.
AB  - The partition of tolbutamide (1-butyl-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl) urea) as ion-pairs with
      homologous tetraalkyl ammonium cations was studied. The determination of
      experimental extraction constants permitted quantitative calculation of
      distribution ratios, in agreement with theoretical relationships, over a
      continuous range of about one billion. The nature and the concentration of the
      counter-ion and solvent composition were the variables studied. Based on the
      theoretical results, a rapid partition chromatographic procedure was devised. A
      solution of tolbutamide sample in 10% aqueous tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide is
      incorporated in the system as the immobile phase in the partition column. A 1+1
      mixture of chloroform and isooctane removes extraneous materials; then chloroform
      elutes the tolbutamide-tetraethyl ammonium ion-pair, which is converted to the
      free acid by passing the eluate through a phosphoric acid segment, and
      tolbutamide is determined spectrophotometrically without further treatment.
      Standard recoveries averaged 100.5+/-0.70%; commercial tablets assayed 100.5+/
      0.85%.

PMID- 965343
TI  - Rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method for determining residues of ethephon (2
      chloroethyl phosphonic acid) in tomatoes.
AB  - A rapid method is described for the determination of the growth regulator
      ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) in tomatoes. Samples are extracted with
      ethyl acetate. The extract is methylated, decolorized with carbon, and analyzed
      by gas-liquid chromatography on a column packed with 15% QF-1/10% DC-200 on
      Chromosorb W (HP). A flame photometric detector is used. Recoveries from tomatoes
      fortified with 0.1-11.0 ppm ethephon were 78-98%. The sensitivity of this method
      is about 0.1 ppm.

PMID- 965344
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of levamisole residues in bovine milk.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for determining residues
      of levamisole, (1-)-(2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo [2,1-b] thiazole), in
      milk. Levamisole is extracted from an alkaline milk sample with water-saturated
      ethyl acetate. After co-extractives are removed by various partitionings, the
      levamisole concentration is measured by GLC by using an alkali (RbSO4) flame
      ionization detector, vs. an external standard. This method is satisfactory for
      determining levamisole residues as low as 0.01 ppm in bovine milk. Apparent
      residues in control milk samples averaged less than 0.001 ppm. Recoveries of 0.01
      2.0 ppm added levamisole ranged from 86.5 to 113%. Animals treated with various
      Tramisol formulations showed apparent levamisole residues below the validated
      sensitivity of the method (0.01 ppm) at sampling periods exceeding 48 hr.

PMID- 965345
TI  - Bis-diazotized benzidine as a spray reagent for detecting zearalenone on thin
      layer chromatoplates.
AB  - Bis-diazotized benzidine is a highly sensitive spray reagent for detecting
      zearalenone (F-2) in corn samples. As little as 2.0 ng of this Fusarium toxin
      could be visualized on a thin layer plate after development. In addition, this
      spray reagent is more specific than the spray reagents currently used for
      zearalenone.

PMID- 965346
TI  - Determination of sterigmatocystin in corn and oats by gel permeation and high
      pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - Corn and oats samples are extracted with acetonitrile-water, followed by
      partition of the extract against hexane, transfer to chloroform, and elution from
      a silica gel column. The extract is purified by gel permeation chromatography on
      an automatic instrument. Reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, using
      a 254 nm ultraviolet detector and 0.1 M KH2PO4-acetonitrile (7+5) as the mobile
      phase, is used for quantitation. The average recovery from 6 samples of corn to
      which 0, 25, 50, and 100 mug sterigmatocystin/kg had been added was 59%, with a
      coefficient of variation of 8.4%. The average recovery from oats fortified at the
      same levels was 74%, with a coefficient of variation of 12%. A confirmation
      procedure based on hemiacetal derivative formation on a thin layer
      chromatographic plate is also described.

PMID- 965347
TI  - Ion selective method for the determination of nitrite in smoked fish.
AB  - In a direct ion selective electrode method for determining nitrite in smoked
      fish, the nitrite extracted from the sample is converted to nitrous acid with a
      measured addition of an acid buffer. The released nitrous acid is measured by a
      nitrogen oxide electrode. A known addition procedure is used to accurately
      measure the amount of nitrite in solution and the nitrite concentration is
      determined directly from Gran's plot paper. Recoveries of nitrite from spiked
      smoked chub samples ranged from 94.0 to 100.0% with an average of 96.7 and a
      relative standard deviation of +/-1.9% at the 100 ppm level. Results from the ion
      selective method were comparable with those from the official first action AOAC
      method 24.037-24.038.

PMID- 965348
TI  - [Macro- and microangiographic aspects of renal neoplasms].

PMID- 965349
TI  - [Somatic effects of low doses of ionizing radiation in man].

PMID- 965350
TI  - [Scintigraphy with Cesium 131 in isolated thyroid nodules].

PMID- 965351
TI  - Diagnosis of bone metastasis by thermography.

PMID- 965352
TI  - General principles of CT scanning.

PMID- 965353
TI  - [Current status and prespective technic of computerized tomography].

PMID- 965354
TI  - Computerized tomography and conventional radiology in the investigation of
      intracranial and orbital disease.

PMID- 965355
TI  - [Study of endocranial calcification by computerized encephalotomography].

PMID- 965356
TI  - [Tomodensitometric study of cerebral lesions of vascular origin].

PMID- 965357
TI  - Preliminary evaluation of the E.M.I. whole body scanner.

PMID- 965358
TI  - CT scanning of the pancreas.

PMID- 965359
TI  - Computerised axial tomography of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Report of 5 cases.

PMID- 965360
TI  - [Computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis and demonstration of lower
      abdominal and pelvic tumors. Preliminary report].

PMID- 965361
TI  - The use of computed tomography in radiation therapy treatment planning.

PMID- 965362
TI  - [Determination of adequate criteria for the comparison of dosage received during
      tomodensitometry and conventional neuroradiological exploration].

PMID- 965363
TI  - Oxidative phosphorylation in brown adipose tissue mitochondria from rats kept
      under normal environmental conditions.
AB  - Based on criteria such as the ADP/O ratio and respiratory control by ADP, the
      energy-coupling efficiency of brown adipose tissue mitochondria isolated from
      rats kept under normal environmental conditions for a long time decreased
      remarkably. The presence of bovine serum albumin, GTP, or ATP plus carnitine in
      the reaction medium markedly increased the efficiency of oxidative
      phosphorylation of brown adipose tissue mitochondria. Pre-treatment of brown
      adipose tissue mitochondria with 2% bovine serum albumin, GTP, or ATP plus
      carnitine caused a decrease in the amount of free fatty acids bound to the
      mitochondria from 13.1 to 7.0, 9.0, or 8.2 mug per mg protein, respectively.
      Removal of the free fatty acids by means of these pre-treatments resulted in
      restoration of efficient oxidative phosphorylation; there was a correlation
      between the amount of free fatty acids removed and the degree of recovery in the
      respiratory control ratio. The elimination of only a fraction of the free fatty
      acids, as little as 4 mug per mg protein, was sufficient to ensure respiratory
      control by ADP. It appears that the free fatty acids which lie mainly outside the
      inner mitochondrial membrane are responsible for the decrease in the efficiency
      of oxidative phosphorylation in brown adipose tissue mitochondria isolated from
      rats kept under normal environmental conditions.

PMID- 965364
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay of testosterone using the testosterone-glucoamylase complex.
AB  - A highly sensitive, reproducible method was established for enzyme-coupled
      immunoassay of testosterone, involving coupling of testosterone to glucoamylase
      [EC 3.2.1.3] with a water-soluble coupling reagen carbodimide. No enzyme activity
      was lost during this coupling procedure. The sensitivity of the method was
      comparable to that of competitive protein binding assay.

PMID- 965365
TI  - Further studies on the specificity of the minor ribonuclease from Aspergillus
      saitoi.
AB  - In order to investigate the base specificity of the minor RNase [EC 3.1.4.23]
      from Aspergillus saitoi, the kinetic constant of the enzyme was measured with 16
      dinucleoside phosphates (XpY's) as substrates at pH 5.5 and 25 degrees. The
      maximum rates of transesterification of GpY's were in the range of 10,000 to
      2,800 and were markedly larger than those of other XpY's, including XpG's. The
      average Km values of UpY, CpY, ApY, and GpY increased in the order A, C, U, and
      G. This order coincides with that of the rates of release of 4 common nucleotides
      from RNA by RNase Ms (the rates decreased in the order 3'-GMP, 3'-AMP, 3'-CMP,
      and 3'-UMP), except for the case of GpY. Therefore the rates of release of
      nucleotides seem to be dependent on the affinity constant of the X base in XpY,
      except in the case of GpY. The high rate of release of guanylic acid from RNA was
      explained by the findings that higher rates of hydrolysis of GpY's compensate for
      their lower affinity to the enzyme. These results suggested that the base
      specificity was rather dependent upon the X nucleotide in XpY. The Ki values of
      various nucleotides and nucleosides towards RNase Ms were measured. These
      compounds inhibited the RNase competitively. Although the inhibitory effect
      depends on the bases, sugars and location of phosphate, when the location of
      phosphate on the sugar was the same, the Ki values of ribonucleotides decreased
      in the order U, G, C, and A and those of deoxyribonucleotides decreased in the
      order T, G, C, and A. The dependence of the inhibitory effect of ribonucleosides
      on the bases was similar to that of ribonucleotides, but that of
      deoxyribonucleosides was in the order dT, dA, dG, and dC.

PMID- 965366
TI  - Identification of glucosyl sphingosine from Gaucher's spleen by gas
      chromatography-electron impact and GC-chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - Glucosyl sphingosine was isolated from the spleen of a patient with adult-type
      Gaucher's disease. The yield of purified glucosyl sphingosine was 9.3 nmoles/g
      wet tissue. The gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrum of
      acetylated glucosyl sphingosine showed peaks due to the presence of ions formed
      by successive loss of acetic acid (mass 60) from the molecular ion (QM+, 714).
      Fragments from acetylated sugar, m/e 331, and from the sphingosine residue, m/e
      306, were also detected. The GC-CI mass spectrum of the trimethylsilyl derivative
      of glucosyl sphingosine showed peaks due to the molecular ion (QM+, 822), ions
      from the sugar moiety (m/e 361, 271), and ions from the sphingosine base (m/e
      264, 280). Fragmentation analysis of the purified sample by GC-EI and GC-CI mass
      spectrometry confirmed the structure glucopyranosyl(1 leads to 1)-1,3-dihydroxy-2
      amino-4-octadecene.

PMID- 965367
TI  - Additional evidence for hydrophobic bond formation in the adsorption of
      sulfanilamide on bio-gel beads.
AB  - We have previously suggested the involvement of both hydrogen binding and
      hydrophobic bonding in the adsorption of sulfanilamide on Bio-Gel beads. In the
      present study, we closely examined the concentration dependence of the binding
      curve and our proposed binding model has been corroborated. For comparison,
      binding parameters and thermodynamic data pertaining to the sulfanilamide
      Sephadex system have been also evaluated.

PMID- 965368
TI  - Trouble in River City: spotlights on the guilty.

PMID- 965369
TI  - Are we committing professional genocide?

PMID- 965370
TI  - The clinic waiting room. Environment for health education via television.
AB  - Parents and children in a clinic waiting room are motivated toward better health
      and constitute a receptive audience for health education via the familiar medium
      of television. A videotape cassette covering materials from four areas of child
      health care was displayed in an out-patient waiting area, using a recorder-player
      and monitor. Parents were interviewed prior to the introduction of the video
      program, immediately after the program, and again by telephone two weeks after
      exposure to the program. Analysis of the interviews revealed increases in
      knowledge about child health, as well as positive attitudes toward the clinic.
      The familiarity, availability, and nonthreatening nature of the medium were
      deemed advantages of this format.

PMID- 965371
TI  - Biochemical characterization of collagens synthesized by fibroblasts derived from
      normal and diseased human gingiva.
AB  - Fibroblasts obtained from healthy and diseased human gingiva were labeled with
      radioactive amino acids and the collagenous proteins synthesized were studied.
      Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of untreated, reduced,
      and pepsin-treated proteins of the medium and cell extract showed that the
      collagenous proteins synthesized by these cells exist in the precursor form. Type
      I collagen was the chief constituent. In addition, cells from normal tissue
      synthesized type III collagen in amounts varying from 5 to 30%. Type III collagen
      was not detected in the cultures of fibroblasts from diseased tissue; however, an
      additional collagen fractionated between 2.5 to 5.0 M NaCl and accounted for 22
      to 29% of the total. This collagen had an alpha1/alpha2 ratio of 8.6 and
      hydroxylysine/lysine ratio and cyanogen bromide peptide pattern were similar to
      that of alpha1[I]. It is concluded that the fibroblasts derived from disease
      gingiva synthesize a collagen of composition (alpha1)3, probably of type I.

PMID- 965372
TI  - Studies on the attachment of carbohydrate to ovalbumin nascent chains in hen
      oviduct.
AB  - We have examined the question, is the carbohydrate moiety of ovalbumin attached
      to nascent chains or to the completed protein after its release from
      polyribosomes. Ovalbumin nascent chains have been isolated from hen oviduct by
      immunoprecipitation of ovalbumin-synthesizing polysomes and subsequent isolation
      of peptidyl-tRNA by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Our results indicate that both
      glucosamine and mannose are incorporated into ovalbumin nascent chains by hen
      oviduct fragments. Although the asparagine to which the carbohydrates are
      attached is 10 amino acid residues from the NH2 terminus, the majority of the
      carbohydrate, if not all, is attached only to those peptide chains that have been
      essentially completed.

PMID- 965373
TI  - Purification and properties of sterol carrier protein1.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that both the 105,000 X g soluble supernatant
      (S105) and microsomal membranes from rat liver are required for the enzymatic
      conversion of squalene to cholesterol (Scallen, T.J., Dean, W.J., and Schuster,
      M.W. (1968) J. Biol. Chem. 243, 5202). It was postulated that S105 contained a
      noncatalytic carrier protein which was required for this enzymatic process
      (Scallen, T. J., Schuster, M.W., and Dhar, A.K. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 224).
      Later evidence demonstrated that S105 contained at least two proteins which were
      required for the microsomal conversion of squalene to cholesterol (Scallen, T.J.,
      Srikantaiah, M.V., Seetharam, B., Hansbury, E., and Gavey, K.L. (1974) Fed. Proc.
      33, 1733). This article describes the purification and properties of the first of
      these soluble proteins, sterol carrier protein1 (SCP1), which has been purified
      575-fold from rat liver S105. While SCP1 specifically activated the enzymatic
      conversion of squalene to lanosterol by liver microsomal membranes, SCP1
      possessed no capacity to activate the microsomal conversion of [3H-A14,4-dimethyl
      delta8-cholestenol to C27 sterols or of [3H]7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol.
      Lanosterol was identified by silicic acid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
      The formation of lanosterol was a hyperbolic function of the concentration of
      SCP1 present in the incubation mixture. The Km observed for SCP1 was similar to
      the Km observed for squalene. The formation of lanosterol from squalene required
      FAD. The addition of phosphatidylserine increased enzymatic activity; however,
      phosphatidylserine was not required for this conversion. SCP1 was catalytically
      inactive when it was incubated with [3H] squalene and cofactors in the absence of
      microsomes. Substantial evidence supports the hypothesis that SCP1 operates as a
      noncatalytic carrier protein for the water-insoluble substrate squalene in the
      enzymatic conversion of squalene to lanosterol by liver microsomal membranes.

PMID- 965374
TI  - Shortening of the poly(A) region of mouse globin messenger RNA.
AB  - Nucleated erythroid cells isolated from the spleens of anemic mice were used to
      investigate the processing of the polyadenylic acid region of globin mRNA. Cells
      were labeled in media containing [3H] adenosine and transferred to media
      containing no radioactive precursor and incubated further in the presence or
      absence of actinomycin D. After various times following the transfer of the
      cells, globin mRNA was isolated using a combination of oligo(dT)-cellulose
      affinity chromatography, sucrose density centrifugation, and globin cDNA (the
      complementary DNA copy of globin mRNA)-cellulose affinity chromatography. The
      size of the poly(A) region was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      of the T1 and pancreatic RNase-resistant fragments. The prelabeled poly(A) region
      which initially comprises approximately 150 adenylate residues was found to
      become shorter with time, both in cells incubated in medium containing no
      radioactive precursor and in the presence of actinomycin D. After 9 h of
      incubation in the presence of actinomycin D, two major size classes of poly(A)
      were observed, one containing 35 to 45 adenylic acid residues and the other
      containing 55 to 65 residues. These two size classes are similar to those found
      in circulating reticulocytes suggesting that the poly(A) shortening observed in
      these cell incubation studies is similar to that which occurs in vivo. Two
      protein synthesis inhibitors, emetine and cycloheximide, were investigated with
      respect to their effect on poly(A) shortening. Neither drug inhibited the
      shortening of the poly(A) region of globin mRNA, suggesting that protein
      synthesis is not required for this process to occur.

PMID- 965375
TI  - Purification of a toxic protein from scorpion venom which activates the action
      potential Na+ ionophore.
AB  - Venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus acts cooperatively with the
      alkaloids veratridine, aconitine, and batrachotoxin in activating the action
      potential Na+ ionophore. A small (Mr = 6700), basic (pI approximately 9.8), toxic
      polypeptide purified approximately 80-fold from this venom by ion exchange
      chromatography appears homogeneous by gel electrophoresis and isoelectric
      focusing and, like whole venom, acts cooperatively with the alkaloids
      veratridine, aconitine, and batrachotoxin to activate the action potential Na+
      ionophore. The action of the scorpion toxin is slowly reversible. Concentration
      response curves suggest interaction with a single class of sites with KD - 1.3 to
      2.4 nM. The scorpion toxin is a poor activator of the Na+ ionophore when tested
      alone. However, treatment of cells sequentially with scorpion toxin followed by
      veratridine activates as well as treatment with both simultaneously suggesting
      that scorpion toxin binds in the absence of veratridine but does not activate the
      Na+ ionophore unless veratridine is present. In contrast, scorpion toxin causes 3
      to 20-fold decreases in apparent KD for aconitine, veratridine, and
      batrachotoxin. The effect of the toxin is inhibited competitively by divalent
      cations and noncompetitively by tetrodotoxin (KI - 4 nM).

PMID- 965376
TI  - Biochemical evidence that Semliki Forest virus obtains its envelope from the
      plasma membrane of the host cell.
AB  - The data from chemical studies and electron microscopy suggest that Semliki
      Forest virus obtains its envelope by budding into the medium from the plasma
      membrane of the host cell. Biochemical evidence for this phenomenon, however, has
      not been published. Therefore, we undertook a series of pulse-chase studies so
      that we might quantitatively evaluate the importance of the budding mechanism in
      the morphogenesis of Semliki Forest virus. Baby hamster kidney cells (clone 13)
      were grown in culture and infected with Semliki Forest virus. The cells were
      exposed to [4,5-3H] leucine for 20 min and the subsequent incorporation of the
      label into virus proteins associated with cytoplasmic membranes and extracellular
      virus was determined. Initial experiments were conducted with microsomes and a
      precursor-product relationship was demonstrated between viral proteins in the
      microsomes and in extracellular virus. Further studies were performed with
      endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane preparations. Maximal incorporation of
      [3H] leucine was observed in the viral proteins located in the endoplasmic
      reticulum at the end of a 20-min pulse period; greater than 50% of this activity
      had disappeared within 2 h. The plasma membrane fraction contained no
      radioactivity at the end of the pulse period; subsequently, maximal labeling of
      the viral proteins in the plasma membrane occurred 4 h into the chase period and
      these labeled proteins had disappeared from this membrane 11 h after the pulse.
      At this time maximal incorporation of the labeled proteins into extracellular
      virus was observed. These data are consistent with a precursor-product
      relationship between the viral proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum which
      migrate to the plasma membrane and are subsequently incorporated into
      extracellular virus. All the radioactivity in the extracellular virus appears to
      have been derived from viral proteins associated with the plasma membrane of the
      cell. Therefore, mechanisms for the morphogenesis of Semliki Forest virus (in
      baby hamster kidney cells), other than budding from the plasma membrane, are
      unlikely to be of quantitative importance.

PMID- 965377
TI  - Purification and properties of rabbit reticulocyte protein synthesis initiation
      factors M2Balpha and M2Bbeta.
AB  - The active protein components of initiation factor M2B (IF-M2B) have been
      resolved into two homogeneous factors. These proteins, IF-M2Balpha and IF
      M2Bbeta, were purified 300- and 500-fold, respectively, with a yield of about 15%
      of the original starting activity. The low molecular weight (approximately
      17,000) of these two proteins is in contrast with the much greater molecular
      weights that have been found for other initiation factors. IF-M2Balpha is also
      unique among the initiation factors in that it contains no tryptophan and is
      capable of self-association. Both proteins are required for model assays which
      utilize 40 S and 60 S subunits (poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis or
      AUG-directed methionyl-puromycin synthesis). IF-M2Bbeta has been shown to be
      required for hemoglobin synthesis, however, the presence of high concentrations
      of IF-M2Balpha in the 100,000 X g lysate supernatant has precluded the
      demonstration of an IF-M2Balpha requirement in hemoglobin synthesis.

PMID- 965378
TI  - Effect of single and double peptide bond scission by trypsin on the structure and
      activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin C.
AB  - Two peptide bonds of staphylococcal enterotoxin C, were hydrolyzed concurrently
      at quite different rates during limited digestion with trypsin. A Lys-Val at
      about position 92 in the disulfide loop was the first bond cleaved, followed by a
      Lys-Asx at about position 57 on the NH2-terminal side of the loop. Preparations
      of singly cleaved material (enterotoxin C1-T1) contained about 93% of the cleaved
      protein and 7% unreacted enterotoxin. Preparations of the doubly cleaved material
      (enterotoxin C1-T2) consisted of 98% enterotoxin C1-T2 and 2% enterotoxin C1-T1.
      In the absence of denaturant, enterotoxin C1-T2 behaved as a single particle. It
      gave a single peak on Sephadex G-75 with a sedimentation coefficient of 2.85 S
      and a molecular weight of 29,100 by sedimentation equilibrium. Circular dichroic
      spectra indicated only minor conformational differences between enterotoxins C1
      T2 and C1. However conformational stability was significantly affected with the
      unfolding of enterotoxin C1-T2 in 4 M guanidine hydrochloride proceeding at about
      twice the rate of native enterotoxin. Enterotoxin C1-T2 was separated into 6,500
      and 22,000 molecular weight polypeptides by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B in 6 M
      guanidine hydrochloride. Complementation (as measured by CD spectra, serologic
      activity and mitogenicity) of the two polypeptides was readily achieved from
      solution in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride by dialysis against phosphate buffer. The
      22,000 molecular weight polypeptide was further separated into two peptides (Mr =
      4,000 and 19,000 after alkylation of the reduced disulfide bridge. Summation of
      the amino acid composition of the constituent peptides of enterotoxin C1-T2
      agreed well with the composition of enterotoxin C1. A comparison of the 6,500 and
      4,000 molecular weight polypeptides from enterotoxin C1-T2 with structurally
      equivalent segments of enterotoxin B suggested structural homology between the
      two antigenic variants. Enterotoxins C1, C1-T1, and C1-T2 gave reactions of
      complete identity in Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and were indistinguishable in
      the quantitative precipitin reaction. Enterotoxins C1-T1 and C1-T2 were highly
      mitogenic but were slightly less potent than the native enterotoxin. Enterotoxin
      C1-T2 had equivalent emetic activity to enterotoxin C1 in rhesus monkeys. It is
      suggested that the exceptional lability to limited enzymic hydrolysis exemplified
      by enterotoxin C1 is associated with beta turn structures at protein surfaces.

PMID- 965379
TI  - Purification, size, and properties of the complex of orotate
      phosphoribosyltransferase: orotidylate decarboxylase from mouse Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma.
AB  - Complex U, which contains the last two enzymes (orotate phosphoribosyltransferase
      (EC 2.4.2.10) and orotidylate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.23)) of the six enzymes for
      the de novo biosynthesis of UMP, has been purified 200-fold from mouse Ehrlich
      ascites cells. The specific activity of the orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and
      the orotidylate decarboxylase activities of the complex were 0.115 and 0.290
      mumol of product/mg of protein/min; the recovery of the activities was high being
      20 to 30%. The rate of the two activities remained similar to that of the
      homogenate. At the sixth step of the fractionation, one can obtain a fraction
      that has lost phosphoribosyltransferase activity but retains decarboxylase
      activity. The apparent molecular weights, as determined by density gradient
      centrifugation, of the native complex and the fraction containing only
      decarboxylase activity are identical, 55,700 +/- 4,000. Both activities of
      complex U are labile to very mild treatments such as dilution, dialysis, or
      storage at 3 degrees. Dithiothreitol and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PP-Rib
      P), but not orotic acid or MgCl2, can stabilize either or both of the enzyme
      activities. The degree of stabilization by three of these chemicals varies with
      the reagent(s) used, with the nature of the treatment, and with the concentration
      of Complex U. When PP-Rib-P, Mg2+ and dithiothreitol are present in the diluting
      buffer the activity losses were slowed and then followed by a partial recovery of
      the phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Maximum activities of both enzymes are
      observed by adding undiluted complex to a complete reaction mixture without
      preincubation. The complex cannot be exposed to pH values of 4 or below, or pH 9
      or above. The stability studies have led to the development of conditions that
      permit one, for the first time, to subject the complex to electrophoresis and to
      recover a large percentage of both enzyme activities, rather than only
      decarboxylase activity as has occurred in the past. The electrophoretic studies
      indicate that PP-Rib-P produces a complex whose conformation and/or net charge
      differ significantly from that of the complex in the absence of PP-Rib-P. Kinetic
      characteristics of the transferase are a pH optimum between 6.5 and 7.5, apparent
      Km values for orotate, PP-Rib-P, and Mg2+ of 1.9 muM, 16 muM, and 2.9 mM,
      respectively; for the decarboxylase, a sharp pH optimum of 7.0 is observed, and a
      Km value for orotidine 5'-phosphate of 0.8 muM.

PMID- 965380
TI  - Hysteretic response of human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase to phosphoenolpyruvate.
      Potential role in regulation of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate metabolism.
AB  - Human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40, ATP-pyruvate phosphotransferase)
      was found to display a time-dependent activation (lag phase) in the reaction
      progress curves. The extent of this lag phase depended upon the treatment of the
      enzyme prior to assay. Preincubation of the enzyme with adenine nucleotides
      amplified the lag, whereas prior treatment with phosphoenolpyruvate diminished
      it. The activation process was first order in enzyme with the pseudo first order
      rate constants being a hyperbolic function of phosphoenolpyruvate concentration.
      The data provide evidence for a phosphoenol-pyruvate-mediated conversion of the
      enzyme to a more active form. Studies with the irreversible sulfhydryl inhibitor,
      N-ethylmaleimide (MalNEt), provided additional evidence for different
      conformational states of the enzyme induced by its substrates and effectors.
      Adenine nucleotides were found to promote inactivation by MalNEt and
      phosphoenolpyruvate protected against MalNEt. The possible metabolic significance
      of this "hysteretic" pyruvate kinase is discussed in relation to the known role
      of this enzyme in 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate metabolism (Rose, I.A. (1971) Exp. Eye
      Res. 11, 264-272).

PMID- 965381
TI  - Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. An unusual protein transition required for
      the calcium-dependent binding of prothrombin to phospholipid.
AB  - A first order calcium-dependent transition can be monitored by a decrease in the
      intrinsic fluorescence of the isolated "pro" (Fragment1) region of prothrombin.
      The maximum fluorescence change is -40% for Fragment 1, and only about -6% for
      whole prothrombin. The most remarkable features of this transition are its rate
      and activation energy. The half-life for the transition at 0 degrees is about 100
      min, and the temperature dependence shows an activation energy of 21 kcal/mol.
      The rate constant for the forward reaction is zero order in calcium and is not
      affected by the presence of phospholipid membranes. The equilibrium for the
      transition, however, is affected by phospholipid. At 30 degrees, [Ca]eq (the
      calcium concentration where half of the protein has undergone the transition) is
      0.4 mM and the Hill coefficient is 2.6. Under the same conditions but in the
      presence of phospholipid [Ca]eq is 0.24 mM and the Hill coefficient is about 4.5.
      The transition is triggered by binding 3 or 4 calcium ions. The rate of Fragment
      1 binding to phospholipid vesicles was tested using gel filtration techniques at
      0 degrees. The rate constants, activation energy, and [Ca]eq values for this
      process were shown to correspond to the properties of the fluorescence change.
      The rate constants, activation energy, and Hill coefficients for binding of whole
      prothrombin to phospholipid correspond to the same parameters for Fragment 1 but
      the [Ca]eq values are lower. At 0 degrees, the [Ca]eq is 0.19 mM for the
      prothrombin transition and 0.1 mM for the transition in the presence of
      phospholipid. These results demonstrate that Fragment 1 and prothrombin undergo a
      transition when exposed to calcium ions which necessarily precedes protein
      phospholipid interactions. In addition to its role in determining the correct
      protein structure, calcium plays a second role in prothrombin-phos-pholipid
      interaction which is in the actual formation of the protein-phospholipid bond.
      The [Ca]eq for binding protein (after its transition) to phospholipid is about
      0.06 mM.

PMID- 965382
TI  - Inhibition of HeLa cell messenger RNA translation by 7-methylguanosine 5'
      monophosphate.
AB  - Translation of HeLa cell RNA containing poly(A) in a wheat germ cell-free system
      is markedly but incompletely inhibited by 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate
      (m7G5'p). We have analyzed the translation products synthesized in the presence
      of different concentrations of m7G5'p and find that translation of all mRNAs is
      equally inhibited. To demonstrate the specificity of the inhibitor for RNAs with
      5'-terminal m7G5' ppp... we show that specific translation products of satellite
      tobacco necrosis virus RNA, which does not have this 5' terminus, are synthesized
      in the presence of m7G5' p. Protein synthesis programmed by endogenous mRNA in a
      HeLa cell-free system is inhibited after a 10-min lag by m7G5' p. Other guanosine
      nucleotides without the 7-methyl group or with the phosphate in a different
      position are not inhibitor. We show that translation of all mRNAs is inhibited to
      a similar extent by m7G5'p in the HeLa cell-free system, by synthesizing 35S
      labeled proteins in the presence of different inhibitory concentrations of this
      nucleotide and analyzing the translation products by electrophoresis and
      autoradiography. Translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA added to the HeLa
      cell-free system is not inhibited by m7"g5p; this viral RNA does not have this
      nucleotide at the 5' terminus. This indicates that m7G5'p specifically inhibits
      translation of mRNAs with the 5' terminus m7G5'ppp... and suggests that
      initiation of translation of picornavirus RNA may proceed via a mechanism
      different from that of cellular mRNAs.

PMID- 965383
TI  - Carbamylation of aspartate transaminase and the pK value of the active site lysyl
      residue.
AB  - Abnormal lysyl residues can be detected in aspartate transaminase by following
      the rate of reaction of amino groups with KN14CO and the rate of enzymatic
      inactivation. Peptide isolation subsequent to carbamylation of the apoenzyme
      produces a peptide which is absent in the carbamylated holoenzyme. The
      composition of the carbamylated peptide matches that of a tryptic peptide
      containing the active site Lys-258. The holoenzyme retains full catalytic
      activity after carbamylation of its NH2-terminal alanine and lysyl residues other
      than Lys-258, which is protected by aldimine formation with pyridoxal phosphate.
      Apoenzyme prepared from KNCO-treated holoenzyme (apoenzyme') is susceptible to
      further carbamylation at Lys-258 with irreversible loss of catalytic activity.
      Carbamylation of the active site lysyl residue is 25 to 50 times more rapid than
      that of the other 18 lysyl residues of aspartate transaminase. The kinetics of
      inactivation by KNCO at different pH values served to determine the pH
      independent second order rate constant (k) and the pK of the amino group of Lys
      258. These values are pK = 7.98 +/- 0.08 and k = 146 +/- 5 M-1S-1, which are
      similar to the values determined for carbamylation of the NH2- terminal groups of
      human hemoglobin (Garner, M. H., Bogardt, R. A., and Gurd, E. R. N. (1975) J.
      Biol. Chem. 250, 4398-4404). The pK value for Lys-258 is as low as that for a
      group in the active site region which can perturb a 19F nuclear magnetic
      resonance probe inserted into that region (Martinez-Carrion, M., Slebe, J. C.,
      Boettcher, B., and Relimpio, A. M. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1853-1858).
      Apoenzyme carbamylated at Lys-258 can accept pyridoxal phosphate at the active
      site even though no Schiff base in formed. Furthermore, this active site
      carbamylated holoenzyme will form spectroscopically detectable enzyme-substrate
      complexes with amino acids. The complexes slowly convert to species with
      absorbance identical with that of enzyme in the pyridoxamine phosphate form.

PMID- 965384
TI  - Solubilization of nerve growth factor receptors of rabbit superior cervical
      ganglia.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors of rabbit superior cervical ganglia can be
      solubilized by treatment with detergents and readily assayed in the soluble
      state. Triton X-100 and deoxycholate reduce specific binding of NGF to ganglia
      membranes. In membranes treated with Triton X-100 (0.5 to 2.0%) the reduction in
      NGF binding by membranes is accompanied by a corresponding increase in binding in
      the supernatant fluid. NGF binding in soluble preparations can be rapidly assayed
      by precipitating NGF bound to receptors with polyethylene glycol under conditions
      in which unbound NGF is not precipitated. NGF binding to soluble preparations is
      saturable whether evaluated by the binding of 125I-NGF or by diluting 125I-NGF
      with native NGF. Using both techniques, the dissociation constant for NGF binding
      to soluble receptors is about 0.2 nM, the same as its dissociation constant from
      receptor sites in intact membranes. NGF binding to soluble receptors displays a
      high degree of peptide specificity, similar to receptor sites in intact membranes
      of superior cervical ganglia. A method of labeling NGF with 125I-3(4
      hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester is described which leads
      to binding properties that are superior to those obtained with previously
      described 125I-NGF preparations.

PMID- 965385
TI  - Purification and characterization of a lectin from Wistaria floribunda seeds.
AB  - A lectin from Wistaria floribunda seeds which specifically binds to N-acetyl-D
      galactosamine was purified to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 68,000 by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. It
      dissociated into subunits on reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol with concomitant
      loss of hemagglutinating activity. On oxidation in air, the subunits reassociated
      into the lectin molecules with hemagglutinating activity. Carboxymethylation of
      the subunits with iodoacetic acid prevented their reassociation on oxidation in
      air. The molecular weight of the subunits was 32,000, which is about one-half
      that of the native lectin, suggesting that the lectin consists of two subunits.
      The results total, NH2-terminal, and COOH-terminal amino acid analyses, and
      mapping of the tryptic digest of the lectin indicated that these two subunits
      were indistinguishable and were probably identical, and that they were linked
      together covalently through a single disulfide bond. Equilibrium dialysis
      experiments show that the lectin and its subunit molecules are divalent and
      monovalent, respectively, with respect to sugar binding. The lectin is a
      glycoprotein, containing 3.2% carbohydrate. The carbohydrate moiety is composed
      of mannose, galactose, and glucosamine is a molar ratio of 1:2:1 and these sugars
      seem to be linked as a single oligosaccharide chain to each subunit of the
      protein.

PMID- 965386
TI  - Studies on the role of plasminogen activator in ovulation. In vitro response of
      granulosa cells to gonadotropins, cyclic nucleotides, and prostaglandins.
AB  - A quantitative method is described for measuring the amount of plasminogen
      activator produced by rat ovarian granulosa cells following exposure to hormones
      in vivo or in vitro. The results confirm the previously reported observation
      (Beers, W. H., Strickland, S., and Reich, E. (1975) Cell 6, (387-394) that
      granulosa cells in vivo produce increasing amounts of plasminogen activator as
      the time of ovulation approaches and that the enzyme is produced only be cells
      obtained from follicles destined to ovulate. Inactive cells can be stimulated in
      vitro by gonadotropins to produce plasminogen activator. This response is time-
      and dose-dependent, and results in an increase of intracellular and extracellular
      enzyme. Studies of the specificity of this response indicate that preparations of
      follicle-stimulating hormone are much more effective than corresponding
      preparations of luteinizing hormone. The effect of other pituitary hormones is
      also presented. Molecules other than gonadotropins are also capable of
      stimulating the cells to produce the enzyme. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 and
      analogues of cAMP effectively stimulated the cells to produce plasminogen
      activator, cGMP and its analogues and prostaglandins F1a and F2a were without
      effect as were the six steroids studied. The inactive compounds also did not
      inhibit the response of the cells to gonadotropins. The granulosa cell
      plasminogen activator has been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and has an apparent molecular weight of 75,000. By this and
      other criteria, the granulosa cell enzyme is similar to one of the species of
      plasminogen activators obtained from cultures of simian virus 40-transformed rat
      embryo fibroblasts.

PMID- 965387
TI  - Nonuniform biosynthesis of multiple hemoglobins in the adult rat and guinea pig.
AB  - Separation of adult rat bone marrow cells by the method of thin layer
      countercurrent distribution permits the analyses of 59Fe-tagged erythroid cells
      for the various multiple hemoglobins and the assignment of such hemoglobins to
      erythroid cells at different stages of their development. Of the six adult red
      cell hemoglobins, hemoglobin 5 is synthesized most actively in the earliest
      erythroid cell whereas hemoglobin 4 (the major hemoglobin of the red cell) is
      synthesized most actively in the latest erythroid cells, e.g. the reticulocyte.
      Experimental evidence also indicates that maturation of the erythroid cell is
      accompanied by a decreased rate of synthesis of hemoglobin 5. The earliest
      erythroid cells of the marrow contain two hemoglobins, 7 and 8, which are absent
      in the adult red cell. Similar studies with the guinea pig confirm the nonuniform
      biosynthesis of its two hemoglobins and suggest that the phenomenon may be a
      general one among mammalian multiple hemoglobins.

PMID- 965388
TI  - Requirement for homologous rabbit reticulocyte initiation factor 3 for initiation
      of alpha- and beta-globin mRNA translation in a crude protozoal cell-free system.
AB  - Experimental evidence showing specificity of rabbit reticulocyte initiation
      factor 3 (EIF-3) for selective initiation of mRNA translation is presented. A new
      cell-free system was developed from Crithidia fasciculata. The crude
      postmitochondrial supernatant fluid was treated with puromycin and 0.5 M KCl to
      dissociate mRNA from polysomes and ribosomes into subunits. The drug and salt
      were removed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Additions of amino acids and
      energy source initiate protein synthesis. All synthesis starts at the initiation
      site. This treatment brought about a shift in MgCl2 optimum from 6 to 3 mM.
      Exogenously supplied rabbit reticulocyte globin mRNA is faithfully translated in
      this system. However, crithidial EIF-3 has a low affinity for globin mRNA as
      evidenced by a 6-fold increase in the rate of globin synthesis after the addition
      of rabbit reticulocyte EIF-3 in the range at which globin synthesis is linear to
      the amount of globin mRNA added to the system. It is also shown that in a
      reconstituted system in which ribosomal subunits are depleted from initiation
      factors, EIF-3 from rabbit reticulocytes has a higher affinity for globin mRNA,
      as measured by the formation of polysomes during the linear time of amino acid
      incorporation. These results are taken to indicate that initiation factor EIF-3
      action should be considered as an enzyme catalyzed reaction for which various
      mRNAs serve as different substrate analogs. Therefore, specificity is most likely
      to be expressed as an affinity of enzyme to substrate and would show as rate
      difference rather than an all-or-none phenomenon.

PMID- 965389
TI  - Interaction of diphtheria toxin with mammalian cell membranes.
AB  - Uptake of 125I-labeled diphtheria toxin and serologically related proteins by a
      sensitive human HeLa cell line and by a resistant mouse L929 cell line has been
      studied. The evidence suggests that there is an initial rapid reaction between a
      recognition site present on the toxin Fragment B and specific plasma membrane
      receptors on the sensitive cell (there are approximately 4000/HeLa cell). This
      initial interaction is followed by a slow irreversible process during which there
      is a major conformational alteration of the toxin molecule causing the
      enzymically active 22,000-dalton Fragment A to become exposed to the cytosol. We
      suggest that it is at this point that cleavage of the NH2-terminal disulfide bond
      occurs leading to release of Fragment A into the cytoplasm. The toxin Fragment B
      remains attached to the membrane, probably formed in a complex with receptor, and
      blocks entry of additional toxin molecules through the same site. Specific
      membrane receptors are lacking from mouse cells. Both HeLa cells and L929 cells
      internalize toxin, related nontoxic proteins, and inert molecules such as inulin
      nonspecifically into endocytotoc vesicles. At 30 degrees the bulk internalization
      of extracellular fluid is about 1.2% of their cell volume per h for both cell
      lines. Fragment A does not traverse the plasma membrane by a mechanism that
      depends on endocytosis. The interaction of diphtheria toxin with the sensitive
      cell membrane is discussed in relation to other protein toxins and certain
      glycopeptide tropic hormones in which relatively large, hydrophilic polypeptide
      fragments or subunits are presumed to traverse the target cell plasma membrane
      and reach the cytoplasm in biologically active form.

PMID- 965390
TI  - Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by bradykinin and thrombin and their
      mechanisms of action on MC5-5 fibroblasts.
AB  - Transformed mouse fibroblasts, in which [3H]arachidonic acid was incorporated in
      the cellular lipids, released radioactive materials into the medium when
      stimulated by bradykinin and thrombin. Most of this released radioactivity was
      found in the landins; the remainder was present in the arachidonic acid fraction.
      When the cells stimulated by serum or when they were mechanically manipulated,
      not only prostaglandins but also high levels of arachidonic acid were released.
      Anti-inflammatory steroids, which decrease the availability of arachidonic acid,
      inhibited the stimulated release of prostaglandins caused by the vasoactive
      agents, suggesting that bradykinin and thrombin stimulated prostaglandin
      synthesis by increasing deacylation of the phospholipids. The efficiency of the
      conversion of the released arachidonic acid into prostaglandins appears to
      reflect the cellular proximity of the phospholipid deacylating activity and
      prostaglandin synthesizing system.

PMID- 965391
TI  - Mechanism for enzymatic thioether formation. Mechanism of action of S
      adenosylhomocysteinase.
AB  - Homogeneous S-adenosylhomocysteinase contains tightly bound NAD+. This NAD+ is
      not dissociable under nondenaturing conditions but can be removed by heat or acid
      denaturation. Addition of adenosine to the enzyme causes an increase in the
      absorption at 327 nm which we attribute to NADH formation. The enzyme also
      catalyzes the rapid exchange of the adenosine 4'-proton with solvent water. A
      mechanism is proposed for the reversible hydrolysis of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
      involving oxidation of position 3' of adenosine followed by alpha-beta
      elimination of L-homocysteine to give 3'-deto-4',5'-dehydro-5'-deoxyadenosine.
      This compound reacts with water in a Michael-type addition to form 3'-keto
      adenosine which is then re-reduced to adenosine.

PMID- 965392
TI  - Determination of the michaelis-menten constant for beta-hydroxy-beta
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Demonstration of a substrate affinity 10
      fold greater than previously reported.
AB  - This paper presents evidence that earlier kinetic determinations of rat liver
      beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the reported
      rate-determining enzyme in cholesterol biogenesis, may have substantially
      underestimated the affinity of this enzyme for HMG-CoA. Nonlinear conversion of
      this substrate to mevalonic acid, with time, is shown under the conditions of a
      previous study, and it was concluded that velocities were limited at the lower
      substrate levels tested by an insufficient quantity of substrate. For this
      present study, conditions were established under which linearity of time versus
      product formation was observed, and the extent of conversion did not exceed 6% of
      the initial quantity of D isomer. These conditions gave a Michaelis-Menten
      constant of 1.01 +/- 0.12 muM for the D isomer, which is 3.5 to 40 times lower
      than those previously reported.

PMID- 965393
TI  - Inhibition of oxalacetate decarboxylation during C4 photosynthesis by 3
      mercaptopicolin acid.
AB  - 3-Mercaptopicolinic acid specifically inhibits phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      in leaves of the C4 plant Panicum maximum. Both the ATP- and ADP-dependent
      decarboxylation of oxalacetate and the carboxylation activity of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase are inhibited by 3-mercaptopicolinic acid while
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase are not
      inhibited. 3-Mercaptopicolinic acid inhibits the fixation of 14CO2 by illuminated
      P. maximum bundle sheath strands which is dependent upon oxalacetate and ATP but
      does not affect C3 photosynthesis in bundle sheath strands nor C4 photosynthesis
      in mesophyll cells. 3-Mercaptopicolinic acid treatment reduced P. maximum leaf
      photosynthesis 25% while raising the photosynthetic CO2 compensation point from
      near zero to 18 to 45 mul of CO2/liter of air.

PMID- 965394
TI  - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Development of a peptide substrate.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes contain a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity that
      converts specific glutamyl residues of microsomal prothrombin precursor to gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid residues. This activity has now been solubilized by
      treatment with Triton X-100. The pentapeptide, Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val, has been
      synthesized; and it has been demonstrated that, in the presence of this peptide,
      the solubilized microsomes catalyze a vitamin K-dependent incorporation of added
      H14CO3- into a low molecular weight trichloroacetic acid-soluble compound. The
      carboxylated product has been identified as peptide-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic
      acid by its chemical stability during acidic and alkaline hydrolysis and by co
      chromatography of an alkaline hydrolysate of the product with authentic gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid. The conditions for peptide carboxylation appear to be
      identical with those demonstrated for precursor carboxylation.

PMID- 965395
TI  - Two soluble forms of guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imino)triphosphate and fluoride
      activated adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Soluble and membrane-bound adenylate cyclase from the canine renal medulla are
      very slowly activated by guanosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imino)triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p)
      or fluoride. At 25 degrees, 8 to 10 h of incubation of the soluble enzyme, and 6
      to 8 h of incubation of the membrane-bound enzyme are required to reach the
      maximal activity. The dependence of activation on concentration of Gpp(NH)p
      changes with time. Half-maximal activation of soluble adenylate cyclase occurs at
      3 +/- 1 X 10(-6) M Gpp(NH)p if the activity is measured without preincubation
      with Gpp(NH)pp and at 4 +/- 2 X 10(-8) M if it is measured after 6 to 22 h of
      incubation with Gpp(NH)p at 25 degrees. The activation occurs over a rather broad
      range of nucleotide concentration and cannot, therefore, be simply interpreted to
      reflect a function of nucleotide binding. Two forms of soluble adenylate cyclase
      are resolved by Sepharose gel filtration. One form, with a Stokes radius of 71 A,
      is rapidly activated by Gpp(NH)p; the other, with a Stokes radius of 56 A,
      requires long incubation with Gpp(NH)p to be activated. The sedimentation
      coefficient of the two forms is 7.3 S. The apparent molecular weight of the
      rapidly activated form is 200,000 while that of the slowly activated form is
      160,000. The interrelationship of these two species of adenylate cyclase is not
      clear and is under investigation.

PMID- 965396
TI  - Densitometric analysis of manual processing techniques.

PMID- 965397
TI  - Polaroid prints and Ektachrome enlargements from 16 mm film.

PMID- 965398
TI  - Processing for unusual film/developer combinations.

PMID- 965399
TI  - An inexpensive printing aid.

PMID- 965400
TI  - Better and easier eye photographs.

PMID- 965402
TI  - Management involves everyone.

PMID- 965401
TI  - The kowa rc-2 fundus camera for biomedical photography.

PMID- 965403
TI  - Management--working with people.

PMID- 965404
TI  - Study of river pollutant flow rate by computer symbol shading on 16 mm film.

PMID- 965405
TI  - A parametric system for the determination of correct exposure and development.

PMID- 965406
TI  - A technique for composite photographs of dental models.

PMID- 965407
TI  - Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. Part I. Photography in
      ophthalmology and the apparatus.

PMID- 965408
TI  - Infrared photography as a diagnostic tool in ophthalmology.

PMID- 965409
TI  - Publishing techniques for the biophotographer.

PMID- 965410
TI  - High acutance with improved contrast in black-and-white photomicrography at low
      magnifications.

PMID- 965411
TI  - On the kinematics of the head using linear acceleration measurements.

PMID- 965412
TI  - Changes in the mechanical behaviour of the human femoral head associated with
      arthritic pathologies.

PMID- 965413
TI  - Mechanical function of subchondral bone as experimentally determined on the
      acetabulum of the human pelvis.

PMID- 965414
TI  - Programmed replication of in situ (whole-body) loading conditions during in vitro
      (substructure) testing of a vertebral column segment.

PMID- 965415
TI  - Wall pressure spectra scaling downstream of stenoses in steady tube flow.

PMID- 965416
TI  - Small distortion properties of lung parenchyma as a compressible continuum.

PMID- 965417
TI  - The stress-strain relationship for the skin.

PMID- 965418
TI  - Investigation of the error caused by femur movement attendant to an in vivo study
      of human knees.

PMID- 965419
TI  - Flow visualization with blood analog fluid.

PMID- 965420
TI  - Drilling of bone.

PMID- 965421
TI  - Analysis of the zigzag movement of the human finger under influence of the
      extensor digitorum tendon and the deep flexor tendon.

PMID- 965422
TI  - The fluid mechanics of aortic stenosis - II. Unsteady flow experiments.

PMID- 965423
TI  - Pulsatile flow through a bifurcation with applications to arterial disease.

PMID- 965424
TI  - A biomechanical approach to the design of football boots.

PMID- 965425
TI  - On the fundamental fluid transport mechanisms through normal and pathological
      articular cartilage during function - II. The analysis, solution and conclusions.

PMID- 965426
TI  - A comparison of membrane fracture faces of fixed and unfixed glycerinated tissue.
AB  - Fixed (glutaraldehyde, 3%) and unfixed specimens of rat buccal epithelium,
      striated muscle, and liver, were cryoprotected with glycerol, freeze-fractured,
      and replicated without sublimation. A comparison of fracture faces of general
      plasma membranes, nuclear membranes, mitochondrial membranes, and membranes of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum revealed no significant differences as between fixed
      and unfixed material. Apart from some membranes of liver endoplasmic reticulum,
      there was no evidence of aggregation or redistribution of intramembranous
      particles in the unfixed material. The results demonstrate that chemical
      prefixation of tissues for freeze-fracture is not always necessary, or even
      desirable, and that glycerol may not be as deeply or directly implicated in
      particle aggregation as previously thought. Fixation with glutaraldehyde alters
      the cleaving behaviour of plasma membrane at desmosomes and tight junctions, but
      not at gap junctions.

PMID- 965427
TI  - Intranuclear electrophoresis of the chromatin of living cells.
AB  - Intranuclear electrophoresis of living cells under appropriate conditions causes
      the chromatin and nucleoli to move rapidly into the anodal side of the nucleus.
      In pig kidney cells, chromatin lengths attached to the nuclear envelope are
      oriented by the current and freed from surrounding non-oriented chromatin.
      Individual chromatin strands isolated in this way are often long and have not
      been subjected to the trauma of isolation from the nucleus. This has allowed us
      to demonstrate oriented lines of up to 8 chromomeres in a strand, linked by fine
      single fibres. These chromomeres of chromatin have the same linear dimensions as
      the bands and interbands of polytene chromosomes. A very wide range of morphology
      of chromatin is revealed - from lines of nucleosomes in open array, to strands
      uniformly 25 nm thick. Doublet strands and multiple strands - often embedded in
      darkly staining material - are also seen. All morphological types may be seen in
      the same nucleus. Many of the oriented threads appear to be transcriptionally
      active. The variable morphology of these sites and their relation to peripheral
      heterochromatin is discussed. Histone nucleosomes are present in these apparently
      transcriptionally active regions. The method is useful for investigating the
      relationships between chromatin and the nuclear envelope. Approximately 1500
      attachment sites per nucleus are found in these cells. Some nucleoli are attached
      to the nuclear envelope.

PMID- 965428
TI  - Rates of synthesis of polyadenylated messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA during the
      cell cycle of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. With an appendix: calculation of the
      pattern of protein accumulation from observed changes in the rate of messenger
      RNA synthesis.
AB  - The rates of polyadenylated messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA synthesis were
      measured in synchronously dividing cultures of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe). Control asynchronous cultures, which had been exposed to the conditions
      used for preparing synchronous cultures, were investigated to check for effects
      of the synchronization procedure itself on RNA synthesis. After each period of
      DNA synthesis in synchronous culture, the rates of messenger and ribosomal RNA
      synthesis doubled, suggesting that gene number controls the rate of messenger and
      ribosomal RNA synthesis. This was confirmed by experiments with asynchronous,
      exponential-phase cultures in which DNA synthesis was inhibited by hydroxyurea.
      Both synchronous culture and hydroxyurea experiments suggested that there is a
      delay of 15 min (0-1 of the cell generation time) between replication of the DNA
      and transcription of both gene copies. A pattern of protein accumulation was
      calculated from changes in the rate of polyadenylated messenger RNA synthesis
      during synchronous culture. The simulated pattern indicates that protein is
      accumulated linearly, with a doubling in the rate of accumulation once per cell
      cycle. The simulated pattern of protein accumulation is very similar to
      measurements previously reported by other workers of changes in activities of 3
      enzymes in synchronous cultures. It is suggested that the doubling of the rate of
      messenger RNA synthesis, as a consequence of the replication of the DNA once per
      cycle, provides the basis of a mechanism for control of the doubling of other
      cellular constituents during the cell cycle.

PMID- 965429
TI  - Proliferation and agglutinability of primary and transformed human epithelial
      cells in culture.
AB  - Primary epithelial populations (HAM) were obtained by dissociation of the
      amniotic membrane stripped from human placentae. Agglutinability of cells from
      such normal populations and of cells from the transformed epithelial line WISH
      was then compared using concavanalin A as mediator. Extensive similar studies
      have previously been reported with cell strains isolated from other species.
      Freshly dissociated HAM cells from primary cultures agglutinated much less
      readily than did cells from WISH populations. Furthermore, the former exhibited a
      drastic decline in agglutinability as a function of time in suspension culture
      after trypsinization. Short-term exposure (60 h) of HAM cells in monolayer
      culture to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) elicited heightened agglutinability
      detectable through 22 days in vitro. Addition of the protease inhibitors n-tosyl
      L-lysyl-chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) or p-tosyl-L-arginine-methyl ester (TAME) to
      the culture medium inhibited proliferation of the WISH line by 40--50% while
      effecting only a 10-15% inhibition of HAM cells. These results also confirm data
      with other cell species indicating that high proteolytic activity at the surface
      of transformed cells may be related to the rapid proliferation rate.

PMID- 965430
TI  - Pinocytosis and intracellular digestion of 125I-labelled haemoglobin by
      trophoblastic cells in tissue culture in the presence and absence of serum.
AB  - One aspect of human placental function which has not hitherto been studied is the
      ability of the placenta to digest proteins intracellularly and use the products
      of hydrolysis to supply its own and foetall complement of hydrolytic enzymes,
      including the acid proteases cathepsin C and D. We have used trophoblast cells in
      monolayer tissue culture as a model for the study of endocytosis and
      intracellular digestion of 125I-haemoglobin. The normal use of serum in tissue
      culture medium has shown up differences from the pattern observed with other
      phagocytic cells such as macrophages, in that serum allows endocytosis but
      prevents intracellular digestion of 125I-haemoglobin. Replacement of serum by
      lactalbumin hydrolysate enables both endocytosis and intracellular digestion of
      125I-haemoglobin to occur as in other phagocytic cells. Digestion is followed by
      release into the medium of acid-soluble, lower-molecular-weight compounds. The
      reasons for this major difference between trophoblast and other cells are
      discussed in the light of our results and their possible relevance to placental
      function.

PMID- 965431
TI  - Amino acid metabolism of myeloma cells in culture.
AB  - The growth of myeloma cells in Leibovitz medium supplemented with 20% serum was
      limited by the depletion of glutamine. A simple modification of the Leibovitz
      medium by increasing the concentrations of glutamine, lysine, isoleucine,
      leucine, sodium pyruvate, galactose, and vitamins resulted in over 100% increase
      in cell growth yield. The total myeloma protein produced by the cells was
      increased by approximately 90% in modified Leibovitz media. Analysis of spent
      culture media for 19 amino acids showed that the concentrations of 8 amino acids
      were reduced; those of 5 amino acids were increased and the other 6 did not
      change significantly.

PMID- 965432
TI  - Cell wall development of Micrasterias americana, especially in isotonic and
      hypertonic solutions.
AB  - The cell wall development of Micrasterias americana was investigated by light and
      electron microscopy. From digestion experiments with pectinase and cellulase, and
      from fluorescence spectra in Calcofluor and Coriphosphin solution, it was
      concluded that pectin substances were the main component of the young developing
      cell wall and that cellulose was synthesized after the daughter hemicell was well
      developed. In 0-16 M mannitol, wall materials accumulated and were incompletely
      incorporated into the wall at the region where wall growth would be expected. The
      plasma membrane was in close contact with the cell wall at the sinus, and this
      contact was assumed to prevent penetration of wall material at this region,
      resulting in the accumulation of wall material at regions other than the sinus.
      The cellulosic wall layer was formed after the production of pectic substances in
      the 0-16 M mannitol. In 0-3 M mannitol neither a definite wall layer of cellulose
      nor a pectic wall was produced, presumably due to extensive dilution of the wall
      materials in the plasmolysed space between the cell wall and the plasma membrane.
      Under normal circumstances, the shape of the daughter cell is assumed to be
      determined by the shape of the developed primary wall, which is induced by
      precocious differentiation of the wall at the sinus.

PMID- 965433
TI  - Technetium radiopharmaceuticals as diagnostic organ imaging agents.

PMID- 965434
TI  - Providing relevance in chemistry for nursing students.

PMID- 965435
TI  - An enzyme-catalyzed resolution of amino acids.

PMID- 965436
TI  - The binding of biotin to sepharose-avidin column. Demonstration of the affinity
      chromatography technique.

PMID- 965437
TI  - [Experimental study of anatomo-pathological and physiopathological manifestations
      of acute cholecystitis].
AB  - From their experimental findings in 120 rabbits, the authors conclude that, at
      first, cholecystitis is usually an aseptic lesion and infection occurs only
      secondarily. In a large number of cases the initial physiopathological mechanism
      is that of inflammation which may be due to mechanical causes such as obstruction
      of the gall bladder siphon and vasomotor phenomena under autonomic control. The
      histological lesions and course are comparable to those observed in clinical
      medicine. The interest of this experimental study is to compare the pathology of
      acute cholecystitis with pancreatitis and Reilly's syndrome and Gregoire and
      Couvelaire's theory of visceral apoplexy.

PMID- 965438
TI  - [Hepatic surgery with vascular exclusion. Experimental bases. Technic and
      preliminary results].
AB  - Hepatic surgery has a high mortality due to hemorrhage or gas embolism due to
      tears of the hepatic veins or vena cava, hence the idea of temporary vascular
      exclusion. Based on clinical, hemodynamic, laboratory and pathological findings,
      we have designed a catheter which permits one to isolate the retro and
      suprahepatic segment of the vena cana and obtain hepatic vascular exclusion
      within 30 minutes. We report here six cases where this technic was used, 3
      hepatectomies, 2 liver injuries, and one case of disobstruction of an iliac vein
      which confirm the use, ease and harmlessness of this method.

PMID- 965439
TI  - [Injuries of the abdominal aorta. General review apropos of a late discovered
      case].
AB  - The authors present a case of acute ischemia of one lower limb with a an uncommon
      etiology. The cause of embolism was an incomplete thrombosis of the abdominal
      aorta; this followed a blunt trauma occured three months before. Some similar
      cases, reported in the litterature, are resumed. This observation permits the
      authors to review other cases of rupture and post-traumatic thrombosis of the
      abdominal aorta.

PMID- 965440
TI  - [Crohn's disease. Apropos of 72 surgical cases].
AB  - The authors report a series of 72 cases of Crohn's disease, and discuss the
      clinical and pathological aspects, the surgical treatment and results. A critical
      study of the operations in view of the requirements of the disease showed that
      incomplete resection was mainly responsible for the recurrences. In most cases,
      the word relapse was more suitable to describe the poor results noted. Immediate
      radical removal gives such good results that these outweigh the functional
      disadvantages.

PMID- 965441
TI  - [Chronic painless pancreatitis. Apropos of 9 cases].
AB  - The authors report 9 cases of painless chronic pancreatitis and review the
      literature on this apparently rare condition. They emphasise the contrast between
      absent or minimal pain and the severe pathological lesions. In the light of these
      cases and pathological specimens, they attempt to interpret the pain during
      chronic pancreatitis. Pain seems to occur when there is a downhill course.

PMID- 965442
TI  - [Thrombo-embolitic complications due to total hip prostheses. Results of
      preventive treatment using low-dose heparin therapy].
AB  - Our experience of the prevention of thrombosis and embolism by the use of low
      doses of calcium heparinate in total hip replacement, with individual variations,
      shows that this method is efficacious, convenient and has a low complication rate
      both locally and generally.

PMID- 965443
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of an aneuysm of the abdominal aorta into the inferior vena
      cava].
AB  - Rupture of an aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava is a rare complication;
      it represents 3 p. 100 of all ruptured aneurysms. The authors report a case with
      a typical clinical history and 3 main symptoms : lumbar pain, a pulsatile
      expansile mass, a continuous abdominal murmur giving rise to a thrill. The
      diagnosis was confirmed before operation by angiography which showed a fistula. A
      technical detail is emphasised: clamping of the inferior vena cava opening the
      aneurysm to reduce the risk of embolism into the right side of the heart during
      operation.

PMID- 965444
TI  - [Physiopathology of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Present aspects].
AB  - Recent technics, e.g. radio-immunoassay of gastrin (MacGuigan 1968), cellular
      immuno-fluroescence (Polak and Pearse 1972) have modified our concepts of the
      physiopathology of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome hypergastrinemia of pancreatic
      origin. 1. Pollak and Pearse, (1972) Ganguli, Pollak and Pearse (1974) have shown
      that apart from the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome of pancreatic origin (ZE type II)
      there are cases where the hypergastrinemia is due to hyperplasia of the antral
      "G" cells which secrete gastrin (ZE Tye I). Thus is raised the problem of the
      relationship between common peptic ulcer, "G" cell antral hyperplasia and
      pancreatic hypergastrinemia. 2. There exists, in the anterior part of the
      intestine (pancreas, duodenum, stomach, ileum) a system of neuro-humoral cells
      derived embryologically from the neural crest (Weichert 1967, Gorin and Leger
      1969). These pluripotent cells may be the origin of digestive endocrine, or
      carcinoid tumours, islet cell adenomas, or gastrinomas. Thus may be explained
      among others the multihormonal secretion of some of these tumours and the
      frequently multiple sites. 3. Gastrin is secreted by the duodenal "G" cells
      (Watson 1974). Their physiopathological role is still unknown.

PMID- 965445
TI  - Optimal use of fluorescamine for in situ thin-layer chromatographic quantitation
      of amino acids.

PMID- 965447
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic method for the identification of organic acids.

PMID- 965446
TI  - Detection of N-aryl-N-nitrosamines on thin-layer chromatographic plates with 2,4
      dinitrophenylhydrazine and phosphomolybdic acid.

PMID- 965448
TI  - Quantitative determination of organophosphorus pesticides by thin-layer
      densitometry.

PMID- 965449
TI  - Separation of deoxythymidine and deoxythymidine nucleotides by column and thin
      layer chromatography.

PMID- 965450
TI  - Chromatography of the components of the purine reutilization pathway.

PMID- 965451
TI  - Paper chromatography of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with indium-113m.

PMID- 965452
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of nanogram amounts of cyclobenzaprine
      in plasma using a nitrogen detector.

PMID- 965453
TI  - Determination of diftalone and its main metabolites in human plasma and synovial
      fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 965454
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic studies of methadone salts.

PMID- 965455
TI  - A method for the estimation of free and esterified cholesterol involving thin
      layer chromatography.
AB  - A method for the estimation of both free and bound cholesterol in serum and
      plasma involving thin-layer chromatography has been developed. The serum or
      plasma is applied as a band directly on the plate. Extraction of lipid material
      from this band and the chromatographic separation of the above components are
      carried out on the same plate. The components are extracted from the adsorbent
      directly with acetic acid and measured colorimetrically using iron(III) chloride
      sulphuric acid reagent.

PMID- 965456
TI  - Identification of antibiotic residues in milk by thin-layer chromatography.
AB  - A scheme has been devised that makes it possible to separate and identify, by
      means of thin-layer chromatography, the 14 different antibiotic resudues in milk
      which are, besides penicillin, the most widely used in mastitis control:
      cloxacillin, dihydrostreptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline,
      chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin, novobiocin, bacitracin,
      erythromycin, oleandomycin, ampicillin, streptomycin and oxacillin. The limits of
      detectability of the antibiotics studied vary between 0.1 and 3 mug/ml, with the
      exception of neomycin the minimum detectable concentration of which is 15 mug/ml.

PMID- 965457
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl ethers of naturally occurring
      anthraquinoes.

PMID- 965458
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography of the N-isobutyloxycarbonyl methyl esters of non
      protein amino acids.

PMID- 965459
TI  - Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. IX. Gas-liquid chromatography of
      methyl esters of amino acid conjugates.

PMID- 965460
TI  - An improved technique for the gas-liquid chromatographic separation of the N
      trifluoroacetyl n-butyl derivatives of amino acids.
AB  - A complete separation of the twenty protein amino acids and two internal
      standards in 35 min has been made possible by analyzing their N-trifluoroacetyl n
      butyl (TAB) derivatives simultaneously on an ethylene glycol adipate (EGA) column
      and on an OV-17 column using the same temperature programme. The detector signal
      from the EGA column is recorded up to the point just after the elution of TAB
      aspartic acid; thereafter, the signal from the effluent of the OV-17 column is
      recorded. The TAB derivative of norleucine is poorly resolved from TAB-leucine
      and TAB-proline. Therefore, alpha-aminocaprylic acid has been used as the
      internal standard instead of noreleucine. TAB-alpha-aminocaprylic acid appears as
      a separate peak between TAB-serine and TAB-cysteine.

PMID- 965461
TI  - Selective detection of N-nitrosamines by gas chromatography using a modified
      microelectrolytic conductivity detector in the pyrolytic mode.
AB  - The pyrolysis of nitrosamines in a modified Hall microelectrolytic conductivity
      system provides the basis for a highly selective and sensitive determination
      method. Under the conditions specified, the response of this detector system to
      nitrosamines is at least 10(7) times greater than that for n-hexane. The
      influence of several operational parameters on the response of the detector to
      nitrosamines was studied. For open-chain nitrosamines, the detection limit is 50
      pg and the response is linear up to at least 200 ng.

PMID- 965462
TI  - Determination of diamines and polyamines in tissues by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl) derivatives of 1,2
      diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine), spermidine and
      spermine have been separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography on a Micropak
      CN-10 column using a programmed solvent gradient elution. The column eluate is
      monitored by a fluorescence detector. This method has been used to determine the
      levles of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in various tissues of rats and in L
      1210 leukemic cells of mice grown in culture. The technique is sufficiently
      sensitive to detect ca. 40pmoles of putrescine and ca. 20 pmoles of spermidine
      and spermine, is quite specific and can be performed rapidly.

PMID- 965463
TI  - Comparative biochemistry and pharmacology of salivary gland secretions. III.
      Chromatographic isolation of a myocardial depressor protein (MDP) from the venom
      of Crotalus atrox.
AB  - A protein has been isolated from the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake
      (Crotalus atrox) which induces acute myocardial depression when administered to
      experimental animals. Purification was achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G
      100, DEAE- and CM-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, ultra-filtration, and
      adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite. Amino acid analysis of the highly
      purified protein indicated N-terminal isoleucine and C-terminal tyrosine
      residues, and the absence of free sulfhydryl groups. Rabbits were immunized
      against the myocardial depressor protein (MDP) and a highly specific antiserum
      prepared which made it possible to study other snake venoms for the presence or
      absence of MDP. All of the North American Crotalid species of snakes contain MDP
      in varying degrees of concentration, but none of the Asiatic snake venoms tested
      reacted with the antiserum to the myocardial depressor protein. Intravenous
      administration of MDP to experimental animals (dogs, cats) produces an immediate
      and profound decrease in the cardiac output, the left ventricular systolic and
      mean pressures, the velocity of shortening of the contractile element, the
      systemic arterial pressure and an elevation in the left ventricular end-diastolic
      and pulmonary wedge pressures. These hemodynamic changes indicate that MDP
      administration induces an acute myocardial failure which is does dependent. The
      potential use of this protein for the reproducible causation of left ventricular
      failure, obviating the need for the more commonly used surgical ligation of the
      coronary arteries, warrants a full investigation into its structure, active site
      and its mechanism of action on the myocardial cell.

PMID- 965464
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography of amino acids. Determination of cystine and cysteine
      as N-acetyl, n-propyl S-carboxymethylcysteinate.
AB  - A procedure is described for the derivatisation of S-carboxymethylcysteine
      yielding the corresponding N-acetyl, n-propyl S-carboxymethylcysteinate which is
      separated by gas chromatography form similar derivatives of other protein amino
      acids. Its quantitative determination provides a useful extension to a method for
      analysis of amino acids by gas chromatography and offers potential as a means of
      obviating errors in cystine (and/or cysteine) analysis arising from acid
      hydrolysis of proteins.

PMID- 965465
TI  - Separation of permethylated isomeric glucuronides by gas chromatography and
      analysis of the mass spectra.
AB  - Glucuronic acid conjugates of several foreign compounds (1- and 2-naphthols, 2-,
      3-, and 4-hydroxybiphenyls, m- and p-hydroxyphenylphenylhydantoins) were produced
      in the isolated perfused rat liver and identified in the bile as the permethyl
      derivatives. Permethylated glucuronide isomers were easily separated by gas
      chromatography on SE-30 and OV-17 columns. The mass spectra of permethylated
      glucuronide isomers were very similar. Gas chromatography proved to be most
      useful for the separation and identification of isomeric glucuronides.

PMID- 965466
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of acenocoumarin in human plasma.
AB  - A method based on solvent extraction, formation of a fluorinated derivative and
      quantitation by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection has
      been developed for the determination of acenocoumarin in plasma. The specificity
      and sensitivity of the procedure appear to be satisfactory for drug level
      measurements in human plasma. Its relative simplicity permits its use in routine
      analysis.

PMID- 965467
TI  - [High-performance liquid chromatography of penimocycline (author's transl)].
AB  - Penimocycline is an antibiotic obtained by Mannich reaction between tetracycline
      and ampicilline. Separation of penimocycline from tetracyclines and other
      impurities has been studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. The most
      effective method is liquid-liquid partition on a Micropak CH column (non-polar
      hydrocarbon bonded on porous silica microparticles) and gradient elution with
      water-methanol, 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.6) and 1 mM EDTA. Some results on
      hydrolysis of penimocycline are given.

PMID- 965468
TI  - Determination of nanogram amounts of aromatic compounds by spectrophotometry on
      thin-layer chromatograms.
AB  - A highly sensitive method is described for the simultaneous determination of
      codeine and chlorpheniramine in plasma. Thin-layer chromatography is used for the
      separation of the drugs. The spots are then rendered visible by nitration of the
      substances on the thin-layer plate. Codeine can be quantified by direct
      measurement of the resulting fluorescence. After reduction, the aromatic amines
      are diazotized and coupled with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine on the thin-layer
      plate. For codeine the fluorimetric measurement is more reliable than the
      colorimetric determination. The sensitivity limits are 8 ng/ml of plasma for
      codeine phosphate and 1-2 ng/ml of plasma for chlorpheniramine maleate. This
      procedure is also applicable to other aromatic compounds which can be nitrated by
      the described method. The method has been applied to compare a determination of
      the plasma levels of codeine and chlorpheniramine after administration in normal
      capsules and retard tablets.

PMID- 965469
TI  - Characterization of selected fluorescamine-amino acid reaction products by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 965470
TI  - Investigations on the mechanism and selectivity of chromatography on thin layers
      of polyamide. IV. Chromatography of amino acids and complex phenolic substances.

PMID- 965471
TI  - Simultaneous determination of therapeutic levels of amitriptyline and
      nortriptyline in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 965472
TI  - Rapid resolution of 5'-mono-, -di-, and -triphosphate ribo- and
      deoxyribonucleoside mixtures by conventional anion-exchange chromatography.

PMID- 965473
TI  - A relatively non-chemical approach to the isolation of peptide materials from
      plasma.

PMID- 965474
TI  - Detection and significance of glycols in drug screening.

PMID- 965475
TI  - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of rubella virus immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin
      M antibodies.
AB  - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay method has been developed for the detection of
      rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies in human serum
      specimens. Purified rubella virus was adsorbed onto polystyrene balls, and
      antibodies that attached to the virus-treated balls were detected by subsequent
      binding of 125I-labeled anti-human gamma or anti-human mu immunoglobulins. A
      total of 77 serum specimens were tested. Binding ratios between positive and
      negative sera were as high as 22 in the IgG assay but rarely exceeded 3 in the
      IgM assay. The sensitivity of the IgG assay was found to be 16 to 256 times
      higher than that of the rubella virus hemagglutination inhibition test. The IgG
      radioimmunoassay can be readily adopted for routine diagnostic use. The IgM
      radioimmunoassay, however, due to its lower sensitivity, must be modified before
      being routinely applied.

PMID- 965476
TI  - Enhancement by sodium chloride of the selectivity of thiosulfate citrate bile
      salts sucrose agar for isolating Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor.
AB  - In this study we utilized the salt-tolerant characteristics of vibrios to develop
      a more selective medium by addition of NaCl to thiosulfate citrate bile salts
      sucrose (TCBS) agar. The effect of adding salt to TCBS agar varied greatly among
      brands of TCBS agar and between lots of the same brand. The addition of salt at
      concentrations as high as 1.5% (2.5% total NaCl) caused the inhibition of growth
      of three species of commonly encountered normal bowel flora and one strain of
      classical Vibrio cholerae but did not compromise the use of TCBS agar for
      isolation of V. cholerae biotype El Tor.

PMID- 965477
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from humans in California, 1968-1975.
AB  - This paper reports on the serological and biochemical characteristics of 24 human
      isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica submitted to the California Department of
      Health from 1968 through 1975. Nine different serotypes were represented. The
      majority of strains were serotype O:8 (six strains) and serotype O:5 (five
      strains). Sources of the isolates included feces (12 cases), blood (3), sputum or
      throat (3), bile or bowel drainage (2), wounds (2), breast abscess (1), and skin
      abscess (1). Clinical histories indicated a number of different syndromes.
      Underlying medical conditions existed in 13 cases. Results of selected
      biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on the strains indicated
      grouping compatible with the O serotypes of the organisms.

PMID- 965478
TI  - Evaluation of a new system for the rapid identification of clinically important
      yeasts.
AB  - The rapid system developed by Huppert et al. (1975) for the identification of
      yeasts based on assimilation and fermentation patterns and on germ tube and
      pseudohyphal production was evaluated in a comparative study with conventional
      procedures. The 95 test cultures were members of the genera Candida,
      Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, and Trichosporon. The study
      revealed that approximately 94% of the isolates were correctly identified by the
      rapid method in comparison with the standard method. With the rapid method
      identification was accomplished in 72h, and with the conventional procedures
      identification was completed in 2 weeks. Although it was difficult with some
      isolates to obtain definitive speciation by the rapid method, this method
      promises to be especially useful in clinical laboratories for the identification
      of yeasts of medical importance. Modifications were made in the procedure of
      Huppert et al. (1975) to improve the reading of reactions. Commercial media and a
      disk dispenser to make the method more useful were also investigated.

PMID- 965479
TI  - Isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from fecal specimens on mannitol salt agar.
AB  - Unless laboratories use an inhibitory medium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus will be
      unrecognizable in fecal specimens. The use of a medium exclusively for vibrio
      isolation, such as thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS), however,
      may not be considered economically justified in the United States. The isolation
      and recognition of V. parahaemolyticus is reported on mannitol salt agar (MS), a
      medium which is used for fecal specimens here. Eight Kanagawa-positive and two of
      three Kanagawa-negative strains of V. parahaemolyticus grew as well on MS as on
      TCBS and better than on a representative enteric medium, Hektoen enteric agar
      (HE). Twenty-two fecal specimens from 16 noninfected individuals were inoculated
      with known quantities of V. parahaemolyticus, and recovery of these vibrios was
      assessed on TCBS, MS, and HE. Recovery of vibrios from MS and TCBS was similar
      when inoculum size was 10(3) colony-forming units/ml or greater. Recovery of
      vibrios from mixed culture was distinctly lower on HE. The colonial morphology of
      V. parahaemolyticus and several other bacteria on MS is illustrated.

PMID- 965480
TI  - SXT and Taxo A disks for presumptive identification of group A and B streptococci
      in throat cultures.
AB  - A bacitracin (0.04 units, BBL)-SXT (trimethoprim, 1.25 mg, plus sulfamethoxazole,
      23.75 mg, BBL) susceptibility test was 94% accurate in presumptively identifying
      streptococci as either group A, B or not group A and B.

PMID- 965481
TI  - Phage typing set for E1, E2, E3, and E4 salmonellae.
AB  - Eighteen common serotypes representative of group E(1), E(2), E(3), and
      E(4)Salmonella were characterized using a single set of phages.

PMID- 965482
TI  - Compositional mapping of cholesteryl ester droplets in the fatty streaks of human
      aorta.
AB  - Frozen sections prepared from human aortic tissue containing fatty streak lesions
      were examined on a thermally controlled stage with a polarizing light microscope.
      Distinct birefringent droplets, 0.5-5 mum in diameter, were observed, many
      apparently aggregated into clusters. The clusters were about 20 X 20 mum in
      diameter (the approximate size of foam cells). Upon being heated, each smectic
      droplet exhibited a sudden change of birefringence, indicating a change of state.
      The transition temperatures were compared to assess compositional distributions
      in the tissue. We found that for 52% of the clusters the standard deviation of
      the cluster's droplet melting point distribution was less than half that observed
      in the surrounding microscopic field. If clusters were intracellular lipid
      inclusions, this observation indicates that the lipid composition within a foam
      cell is more homogeneous than that of the overall field. However, using
      statistical methods, we compared droplet melting populations from cluster to
      cluster and found significant heterogeneity. The observations can be interpreted
      to suggest that many foam cells modify the cholesteryl ester fatty acid
      composition of their accumulations be selective uptake, temporal sampling, or
      chemical reaction. Furthermore, the intercellular heterogeneity suggests that
      different cells in the lesion may have different metabolic and transport enzyme
      affinities or be in different states.

PMID- 965483
TI  - Direct measurement of papillary collecting duct sodium transport in the rat.
      Evidence for heterogeneity of nephron function during Ringer loading.
AB  - It has been suggested that collecting duct sodium transport was inhibited by
      extracellular volume expansion. To directly evaluate this possibility,
      micropuncture of the papillary collecting duct of young rats was performed during
      hydropenia and Ringer loading. The possibility of heterogeneity of nephron
      function was evaluated during Ringer and hyperoncotic albumin loading by
      comparing the delivery of sodium to the end of the distal tubule of superficial
      nephrons with papillary base delivery. During hydropenia (n = 14), sodium
      delivery to the base averaged 0.95% of the filtered sodium load and reabsorption
      along the collecting duct was noted from base to tip in each collection pair
      averaging 0.80% of the filtered load. During Ringer loading, sodium delivery to
      the base was markedly greater than in hydropenia, 11.8 vs. 0.95% of the filtered
      load (P less than 0.001). Yet, sodium reabsorption was also much greater, 6 vs.
      0.8% (P less than 0.001). In 13 paired collections, during Ringer loading, sodium
      delivery to the papillary base, 12.2% of the filtered load, was consistently
      greater than late distal tubular delivery from superficial nephrons. 8% (P less
      than 0.005). In contrast, reabsorption of sodium from late distal tubule to
      papillary base was found during albumin infusion, 6.2 vs. 3.1% (P less than
      0.001). Therefore, these studies demonstrate that: (a) the delivery of sodium to
      and reabsorption along the papillary collecting duct were markedly greater during
      Ringer loading than in hydropenia; (b) the amount of sodium delivered to the
      papillary base was greater than the delivery to the end of the distal tubule of
      superficial nephrons during Ringer loading, suggesting that deeper nephrons
      deliver more sodium to the collecting duct in this setting; and (c) the
      difference in sodium excretion between Ringer loading and hyperoncotic albumin
      infusion is due to events occurring between the late distal tubule of superficial
      nephrons and the base of the papillary collecting duct.

PMID- 965484
TI  - Further characterization of NADPH oxidase activity of human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - Mn2+ was shown to catalyze a nonenzymatic oxidation of NADPH in the presence of
      superoxide anion by means of an isotopic assay for measurement of the oxidation
      of NADPH to NADP+. Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule NADPH oxidase
      activity was evaluated in the absence of Mn2+ and was found to be higher in
      granules from phagocytizing cells than in granules from resting cells. The drug
      phorbol myristate acetate, which affects the oxidative metabolism of the
      neutrophil like phagocytosis, was found to activate granule NADPH oxidase
      activity. Superoxide dismutase was shown to inhibit NADPH oxidase activity both
      in the presence and absence of added Mn2+. The NADPH oxidase reaction in the
      absence of Mn2+ was optimal at pH 5.5, and was more linear with increasing time
      and protein concentration than in the presence of Mn2+. No activity was
      measurable in granules isolated from resting cells until the level of NADPH added
      was above 0.25 mM. Activity was present in granules isolated from cells
      challenged with opsonized zymosan, even at 0.05 mM NADPH, and was higher than the
      activity found in granule fractions from resting cells at all levels of NADPH
      tested. The addition of as little as 0.1 muM NADH to the reaction mixture was
      found to inhibit granular NADPH oxidase activity, indicating a possible
      regulatory role for NADH. These results suggest that NADPH oxidase may be the
      enzyme that initiates the metabolic events accompanying phagocytosis.

PMID- 965485
TI  - Selective uptake of intact parathyroid hormone by the liver: differences between
      hepatic and renal uptake.
AB  - Hepatic and renal extraction of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) was
      studied in awake dogs with explanted kidneys and chronic indwelling hepatic vein
      catheters. After a single injection of bovine PTH 1-84 (b-PTH 1-84), hepatic
      arteriovenous (A-V) differences for immunoreactive PTH (i-PTH) was 39% at 2 min
      after injection but decreased to 0% by 25 min, despite high levels of i-PTH in
      the arterial circulation. Gel filtration of arterila and hepatic venous samples
      obtained when hepatic A-V differences for i-PTH were demonstrable revealed
      hepatic uptake of the intact hormone and addition of a smaller COOH-terminal
      fragment, eluting just after the intact hormone, to the hepatic venous blood. Gel
      filtration of samples obtained 20-30 min after injection of b-PTH was
      demonstrable) revealed no detectable intact hormone in the circulation. Levels of
      COOH-terminal fragments of the hormone at the time were identical in arterial and
      hepatic venous samples. In additional experiemtns no hepatic A-V difference was
      observed after the injection of the synthetic bovine PTH 1-34 (syn b-PTH 1-34).
      By comparison there was a demonstrable A-V difference of 20% across the kidney
      for both intact PTH and COOH-terminal fragments that persisted until i-PTH
      disappeared from the circulation. The kidney also demonstrated an A-V difference
      of 22% after injection of syn b-PTH 1-34. These studies demonstrate selective
      extraction of intact PTH but not of its fragments by the liver. The kidney, on
      the other hand, extracted the intact hormone and both COOH and NH2 terminal
      fragments. The studies demonstrate that the kidney was the only organ of those
      examined that detectably removed the fragments of PTH from the circulation.

PMID- 965486
TI  - The origin of the chemiluminescence of phagocytosing granulocytes.
AB  - Granulocytes engaged in the phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan emit light by a
      process that is inhibited by superoxide dismutase and catalase. In the present
      report is is shown that light emission is the result of reactions between certain
      unspecified constituents of the ingested particles and some or all of the
      oxidizing agents (H2O2, O2),and possibly the hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen)
      produced by the activated cells. This conclusion is based on a study of light
      emission by both activated cells ans artificial O2 generating system containing
      xanthine oxidase and purine. With these two systems light production required the
      presence of both zymosan and oxidizing agent, suggesting that the oxidation of
      particle components is necessary for luminescence to occur. The characteristics
      of the emission spectrum as well as the finding that granulocytes activated by a
      nonparticulate agent (F-) fail to liminesce show that light emission by the
      relaxation of singlet oxygen to the ground state does not contribute in a major
      way to the chemiluminescence of phagocytosing granulocytes; whether singlet
      oxygen contributes to chemiluminescence in other ways cannot be decided from the
      data available. Inasmuch as the oxidation of constituents of ingested particles
      is an important bacterial killing mechanism in the granulocyte, chemiluminescence
      may be viewed as a manifestation of the microbicidal activity of the cell.

PMID- 965487
TI  - Mechanisms of methylene blue stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The response of the hexose monophosphate shunt in erythrocytes was studied with
      the ionization chamber-electrometer apparatus to measure continuously 14CO2
      derived from 14C-labeled substrates. The effect of methylene blue at high (0.1
      mM) and low (1 muM) concentrations was evaluated under different gas mixtures;
      air, carbon monoxide, and 6% carbon monoxide in air. The latter gas mixture
      results in nearly 100% carboxyhemoglobin but provides a physiologic partial
      pressure of oxygen. The extent to which pentose is recycled through the shunt in
      response to methylene blue stimulation was examined with radioactive glucose
      substrates labeled on the first, second, and third carbon positions. Generation
      of hydrogen peroxide after stimulation of erythrocytes with methylene blue was
      evaluated by the catalase-aminotriazole trapping technique, [14C]formate
      oxidation, and oxidation of reduced glutatione. Stimulation of the shunt with 1
      muM methylene blue was markedly impaired in the absence of oxyhemoglobin, but
      stimulation with 0.1 mM methylene blue was only slightly impaired under the
      carbon monoxide-air mixture. The higher concentration of methylene blue produced
      evidence of hydrogen peroxide generation of all three techniques. Despite the
      evidence for the involvement of oxygen, oxyhemoglobin, and hydrogen peroxide in
      the response to methylene blue, cells containing methemoglobin induced by sodium
      nitrite or from a patient with congenital methemoglobinemia responded normally to
      methylene blue in the absence of oxygen. These experiments indicate that the
      reactions induced by methylene blue in erythrocytes are more complex than
      generally thought and that high concentrations are associated with production of
      peroxide.

PMID- 965488
TI  - Urate crystal-induced chemotactic factor: isolation and partial characterization.
AB  - A factor with chemotactic properties for neutrophils and mononuclear cells was
      extracted from the lysosomal fraction of both human and rabbit neutrophils that
      had been allowed to phagocytose monosodium urate crystals. The chemotactic factor
      was found to be a glycoprotein with a mol wt of 8,400 daltons. The factor is heat
      labile and has chemotactic activity for human as well as rabbit cells.
      Preincubation of the cells with the urate induced chemotactic factor or with
      complement activated plasma prevents the cell from migrating chemotactically when
      challenged with either factor in the chemotactic chamber. The chemotactic factor
      induces release of lysosomal enzymes for cytochalasin B treated human
      neutrophils.

PMID- 965489
TI  - Red cell age-related changes of hemoglobins AIa+b and AIc in normal and diabetic
      subjects.
AB  - The minor hemoglobin components, hemoglobin AIa+b and hemoglobin AIc, were
      measured in the 10% youngest and 10% oldest erythrocytes of 15 normal and 14
      diabetic subjects. Erythrocyte fractions were obtained by centrifugation in
      isopyknic concentrations of dextran: 28.5% of 40,000-mol wt dextran yeilded the
      10% lightest of young cells, and 30.5% dextran provided the 10% heaviest or old
      erythrocytes. Both normal and diabetic erythrocytes contain increased amounts of
      Hb AIa+b and Hb AIc in old as compared to young cells. In normal subjects, young
      cells contained 1.2+/-0.2%, and old cells contained 1.8+/-0.4% Hb AIa+b.
      Corresponding values for diabetic cells were 1.7+/-0.6 and 2.6+/-0.9%. Hb AIc
      increased from 3.1+/-0.8 to 6.0+/-1.1% in normals and from 5.1+/-2.1 to 10.1+/
      3.7% in diabetics. The results indicate that both cell age and diabetes are
      significant determinants of the amounts of Hb AIa+b and Hb AIc.

PMID- 965490
TI  - Idiopathic scoliosis. Gas exchange and the age dependence of arterial blood
      gases.
AB  - The aims were to examine the gas exchange and arterial blood gas abnormalities
      among patients with scoliosis, and the correlation of these abnormalities with
      age and severity of deformity. Means among 51 patients were as follows: age 25.4
      +/- 17.5 yr, angle of scoliosis 80.2 +/- 29.9 (SD), vital capacity 1.94 +/- 0.91
      (SD) (i.e. 60.6 +/- 19.2% of predicted), PaO2 85.8 +/- 12.0 (SD), PaCO2 42.4 +/-
      8.0, physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio 0.438 +/- 0.074 (SD), and
      alveolar-arterial oxygen difference breathing air 14.9 +/- 8.9 (SD).
      Statistically significant correlations were as follows: the PaCO2 and
      physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio increased with age, and the PaO2
      and alveolar ventilation decreased with age. The PaO2, alveolar ventilation, and
      tidal volume were inversely related to the angle of scoliosis and directly
      related to the vital capacity, precent predicted vital capacity, and the
      compliance of the respiratory system. The physiological dead space to tidal
      volume ratio and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference were inversely related
      to the vital capacity, percent predicted vital capacity, and the compliance of
      the respiratory system. PaCO2 was directly related to the elastance of the
      respiratory system. We conclude that ventilation-blood flow maldistribution as a
      result of deformity of the rib cage was the primary abnormality in gas exchange,
      and that with age there was progressive deterioration in gas exchange. The age
      dependent increase in PaCO2 and decrease in alveolar ventilation were due to the
      increasing physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio and failure of a
      compensatory increase in ventilation.

PMID- 965491
TI  - Regulation of angiotensin II receptors in the rat adrenal cortex by dietary
      electrolytes.
AB  - The binding affinity and concentration of specific angiotensin II receptor sites
      of rat adrenal cortical cells and homogenates were determined after 1 and 6 wk of
      altered sodium and potassium intake. Sodium deprivation caused marked increases
      in plasma renin, blood angiotensin II, and plasma aldosterone, and was
      accompanied by a significant increase (+74%) in the number of specific
      angiotensin II receptor sites per adrenal cortical cell. High potassium intake
      was followed by increased serum potassium and markedly elevated plasma
      aldosterone, with subnormal levels of renin and angiotensin II and a 170%
      increase in the number of angiotensin II receptors per cell after 1 wk. Sodium
      loading and potassium deprivation were followed by the opposite effect upon
      adrenal receptors, with reduction of the angiotensin II-binding capacity. None of
      the dietary electrolyte changes were accompanied by an ancrease in receptor
      affinity above the control value of 2 nM-1. A decrease in receptor affinity was
      noted after 6 wk of either low sodium or low potassium intake, when the renin and
      angiotensin II levels were increased by 104-129%. The adrenals of normal rats
      infused acutely with synthetic angiotensin II, or anesthetized with ether or
      sodium pentobarbital, which markedly increased plasma renin activity, contained
      fewer angiotensin receptors. These reductions in binding site concentration were
      not accompanied by changes in affinity and were attributed to occupancy by
      angiotensin II. These studies have demonstrated that chronic changes in sodium or
      potassium balance and acute changes in blood angiotensin II levels can exert
      modulating effects upon the adrenal content and/or affinity of specific receptor
      sites for angiotensin II.

PMID- 965492
TI  - Inherited deficiency of the second component of complement. Rheumatic disease
      associations.
AB  - The prevalence of homozygous and heterozygous deficiency of the second component
      of complement (C2) was determined in patients with rheumatic disease including
      137 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 274 with juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis, and 134 with rheumatoid arthritis. 1 C2 homozygous deficient and 19
      possible heterozygous deficient individuals were identified by using both
      immunochemical and functional assays to determine C2 levels. Of the 20, 8 had SLE
      (5.9%), 10 had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (3.7%), and 2 had rheumatoid
      arthritis (1.4%), the homozygous deficient individual having SLE. The prevalence
      of C2 deficiency in the SLE and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients was
      significantly increased (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.02, respectively) when compared
      with controls, 6 (1.2%) of 509 blood donors having C2 levels consistent with
      heterozygous deficiency. 15 of the 20 C2 deficient patients were HLA typed and
      found to have antigens A10(Aw25), B18, or both. The patients with C2 deficiency
      and SLE had earlier age of onset of disease and less antinuclear antibody when
      compared with the C2 normal SLE patients. 11 families of the propositi were
      studied and found to have one or more C2 heterozygous deficient individuals. The
      family members had an equal distribution of rheumatic disease and antinuclear
      antibody in the C2 deficient and C2 normal groups. C2 deficient individuals were
      found to have significantly lower levels of properdin Factor B (242 mug/ml+/-54)
      when compared with the non-C2 deficient family members (282 mug/ml+/-73). These
      data support the concept that inherited deficiency of C2 is significantly
      associated with both SLE and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 965493
TI  - The effect of D-penicillamine on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.
AB  - D-Penicillamine, a reducing and chelating agent used in the treating of
      rheumatoid arthritis, was tested for its effects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and lysosomal enzymes. beta-Glucuronidase release from
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes after phagocytosis of latex particles was not
      affected by D-penicillamine at concentrations ranging from 25 to 400 mg/liter. No
      direct effect was seen on enzyme activity at the maximum concentration of the
      drug. There was no inhibition of latex particle ingestion. No cell damage was
      found at 400 mg/liter penicillamine as measured by lactic dehydrogenase release.
      At this drug concentration there was only a 15% reduction in hemolytic complement
      levels. Chemotaxis was significantly decreased at concentrations of 50 mg/liter
      with a dose-dependent effect at higher concentrations which showed a plateau from
      200 to 400 mg/liter. The parent compound D-cysteine was also tested in these
      systems. The same lack of effect of phagocytosis and enzyme release was found. D
      Cysteine did inhibit chemotaxis but to a lesser degree than D-penicillamine. This
      dicotomy of drug effect may indicate that the beneficial action of D
      penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is due to the decreased
      chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the joint, while the absence of
      an effect of phagocytosis and lysosomal enzymes shows the cells can still
      function to ingest and destroy bacteria. This latter effect correlates with the
      absence of infection in patients treated with this compound.

PMID- 965494
TI  - Maximal oxygen consumption in patients with lung disease.
AB  - A theoretical model for oxygen transport assuming a series linkage of
      ventilation, diffusion, oxygen uptake by erythrocytes, cardiac output, and oxygen
      release was used to calculate expected values for maximal oxygen intake (VO2max)
      of patients with various pulmonary disorders 22 patients with either restrictive
      or obstructive ventilatory impairment were studied at rest and maximal exercise.
      When exercise measurements of maximal pulmonary blood flow (QCmax), oxygen
      capacity, membrane diffusing capacity for CO, pulmonary capillary blood volume,
      alveolar ventilation, and mixed venous oxygen saturation were employed as input
      values, predictions of VO2max from the model correlated closely with measured
      values (r = 0.978). Measured VO2max was 976+/-389 ml/min (45.3+/-13% of predicted
      normal), and VO2max predicted from the model was 1,111+/-427 ml/min. The
      discrepancy may in part reflect uneven matching of alveolar ventilation,
      pulmonary capillary blood flow, and membrane diffusing capacity for CO within the
      lung; uniform matching is assumed in the model so that mismatching will impair
      gas exchange beyond our predictions. Although QCmax was less than predicted in
      most patients (63.6+/-19.6% of predicted) the model suggests that raising QCmax
      to normal could have raised VO2max only 11.6+/-8.8% in the face of existent
      impairment of intrapulmonary gas exchange. Since pulmonary functions measured at
      rest correlated well with exercise parameters needed in the model to predict
      VO2max we developed a nomogram for predicting VO2max from resting CO diffusing
      capacity, the forced one second expired volume, and the resting ratio of dead
      space to tidal volume. The correlation coefficient between measured and predicted
      VO2max, by using this nomogram, was 0.942.

PMID- 965495
TI  - The steady state concentration gradients of an electron-dense marker (ferritin in
      the three-layered hemochorial placenta of the rabbit.
AB  - Ferritin was injected into the fetal or the maternal circulation of 27-29-day
      pregnant rabbits. After the occurrence of a quasi-steady state, the placentas
      were prepared for electron microscopy. Ferritin particles were counted in the
      electron micrographs in the fetal capillaries, in the maternal blood spaces, and
      in the two interstitial compartments of the three-layered placenta. Under the
      circumstances of the experiments (excessively elevated plasma ferritin
      concentrations), no evidence was found for nondiffusional transport of
      radiolabeled ferritin. Comparison of the standing concentration gradients in the
      placentas, recorded after maternal and after fetal injection, showed that the
      interstitial spaces "excluded" ferritin; the plasma-interstitial space ferritin
      partition coefficients were 10 in the basement membrane space and 3 in the space
      between the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts. 55% of the total concentration
      gradient across the rabbit placenta occurred across the fetal endothelium, about
      45% across the cytotrophoblast, and less than 5% across the syncytiotrophoblast.
      These figures are believed to reflect the relative contributions of these three
      layers to the total diffusional resistance in the rabbit placenta. When compared
      to previous data on the relative contributions of these three layers for small
      ions and molecules, the present data lead to the conclusion that discrimination
      of molecular size is a function of the fetal capillary endothelium alone.

PMID- 965496
TI  - Lead poisoning: association with hemolytic anemia, basophilic stippling,
      erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency, and intraerythrocytic
      accumulation of pyrimidines.
AB  - Lead intoxication is accompanied by an acquired deficiency of erythrocyte
      pryimidine-specific, 5'-nucleotidase. Genetically determined deficiency of this
      enzyme is associated with chronic hemolysis, marked basophilic stippling of
      erythrocytes on stained blood films, and unique intraerythrocytic accumulations
      of pyrimidine-containing nucleotides. The present report documents that lead
      induced deficiency when sufficiently severe gives rise to findings similar to the
      hereditary disorder. Whereas pyrimidine-containing nucleotides are virutally
      absent in the erythrocytes of normal and reticulocyte-rich blood, 12% of
      erythrocyte nucloetides in the blood of a patient with lead intoxication
      contained cytidine. Nucleotidase activity was about 25% that in normal
      erythrocytes and 15% or less of that expected in comparable reticulocyte-rich
      blood. The distribution of nucleotidase activity in patient erythrocytes is
      unknown, and much more severe deficiency could have been present in subsets of
      the cell populations analyzed. The findings indicate that the hemolytic anemia
      and increased basophilic stippling characteristic of certain cases of lead
      intoxication may share a common etiology with essentially identical features of
      the genetically determined disorder.

PMID- 965497
TI  - The role of complement in the clearance of cold agglutinin-sensitized
      erythrocytes in man.
AB  - To define the pathophysiologic mechanisms of cold agglutinin disease, we
      investigated a human model of this syndrome in normal volunteers and in patients
      with diminished levels of serum complement. Subjects received intravenous
      injections of autologous, chromated (51Cr) erythrocytes which had been exposed in
      vitro to purified cold agglutinin preparations and to fresh autologous serum (as
      a source of complement). In vitro tests confirmed that such cells were coated
      with activated complement components (C3b), but not with immunoglobulin. Studies
      of erythrocyte clearance and simultaneous organ scanning showed that erythrocytes
      sensitized with low levels of cold agglutinin primarily undergo
      reticuloendothelial sequestration by the liver rather than intravascular
      hemolysis. After the initial sequestration of C3b-coated erythrocytes, a fraction
      of the cells are released back into the circulation and survive normally
      thereafter. Both phenomena are dose dependent and closely follow the
      sequestration and release pattern observed with IgM isoagglutinin sensitization.
      Experiments that used heated autologous serum as a source of B3 inactivator
      demonstrated that functionally intact C3b is required for hepatic sequestration.
      Erythrocytes coated with C3d were not cleared from the circulation. In vitro
      assays that sued human macrophage monolayers suggested that the intrahepatic
      conversion of C3b to C3d is responsible for the release of sensitized
      erythrocytes back into the circulation. The clearance of cold agglutinin
      sensititzed erythrocytes was compared to the clearance mediated by IgM
      isoagglutinin. We found that the rate of complement fixation by an IgM antibody
      proceeds rapidly in vivo that the time for complement activation is not a factor
      in limiting the rate of hepatic sequestration. The major limiting factor appears
      to be the rate of liver blood flow. Maximal in vitro coating of erythrocytes with
      C3d conferred protection from further cold agglutinin sensitization but not from
      IgM isoagglutinin-mediated clearance. This suggests a mechanism for the
      resistance to lysis observed in cells obtained from patients with the cold
      agglutinin syndrome and confirms the marked dependence of the site of C3
      attachment on the site of membrane localization of the sensitizing antibody.

PMID- 965498
TI  - Irreversible deformation of the spectrin-actin lattice in irreversibly sickled
      cells.
AB  - Irreversibly sickled cells (ISC's) are circulating erythrocytes in patients with
      sickle cell disease that retain a sickled shape even when oxygenated. Evidence
      points to a membrane defect that prevents the return of these cells to the normal
      biconcave shape. The erythrocyte membrane protein spectrin is believed to help
      control erythrocyte shape and deformability. Recent studies suggest that normally
      spectrin and an erythrocyte actin form a self-supporting, fibrillar, lattice-like
      network on the cytoplasmic membrane surface. When normal erythrocyte ghosts are
      extracted with Triton X-100 all the integral membrane proteins and most of the
      membrane lipids are removed, leaving a ghost-shaped residue composed principally
      of spectrin and actin. We concentrated ISC's from patients with sickle cell
      anemia and compared the morphology and protein composition of ghosts and Triton
      extracted ghost residues prepared from these ISC's with similar preparations of
      reversibly sickable cells and normal cells. (a) Many ISC's formed ISC-shaped
      ghosts. (b) All ISC-shaped ghosts formed ISC-shaped Triton residues. (c)
      Spectrin, erythrocyte actin (Band 5), an unidentified Band 3 component, and Band
      4.1 were the major protein components of the Triton residues. All membrane
      associated sickle hemoglobin was removed by the Triton treatment. (d) No ISC
      shaped ghosts or ISC-shaped Triton residues were formed when deoxygenated,
      sickled RSC's were lysed or Triton-extracted. ISC-shaped ghosts and Triton
      residues were never formed from normal cells. These observations suggest that a
      defect of the "spectrin-actin lattice" may be the primary abnormality of the ISC
      membrane. Since ISC's are rigid cells, the data support the postulate that
      spectrin is a major determinant of membrane deformability. Finally, they provide
      direct evidence that spectrin is important in determining erythrocyte shape.

PMID- 965499
TI  - Mechanisms of portal hypertension-induced alterations in renal hemodynamics,
      renal water excretion, and renin secretion.
AB  - Clinical states with portal venous hypertension are frequently associated with
      impairment in renal hemodynamics and water excretion, as well as increased renin
      secretion. In the present investigation, portal venous pressure (PVP) was
      increased in anesthetized dogs undergoing a water diuresis. Renal arterial
      pressure was maintained constant in all studies. As PVP was increased from 6 to
      20 mm Hg, decreases in cardiac output (2.5-2.0 liter/min, P less than 0.05) and
      mean arterial pressure (140-131 mm Hg, P less than 0.05) were observed. Increases
      in PVP were also associated with decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR, 40
      31 ml/min, P less than 0.001), renal blood flow (RBF, 276-193 ml/min, P less than
      0.001), and increases in renin secretion (232-939 U/min, P less than 0.025) in
      innervated kidneys. No significant change in either GFR or RBF and a decrease in
      renin secretion occurred with increases in PVP in denervated kidneys. To
      dissociate the changes in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure induced by
      increase PVP from the observed decreases in GFR and RBF, studies were performed
      on animals undergoing constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava. In these
      studies, similar decreases in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were not
      associated with significant changes in GFR or RBF. Increases in PVP also were
      associated with an antidiuresis as urine osmolality increased from 101 to 446
      mosmol/kg H2O (P less than 0.001). This antidiuresis was significantly blunted
      but not abolished by acute hypophysectomy. In hypophysectomized animals, changes
      in free water clearance and urine flow were linearly correlated as PVP was
      increased. These studies indicate that increases in PVP result in decreases in
      GFR and RBF and increases in renin secretion mediated by increased renal
      adrenergic tone. Increased PVP is also associated with antidiuresis; this
      antidiuresis is mediated both by vasopressin release and by diminished tubular
      fluid delivery to the distal nephron.

PMID- 965500
TI  - Molecular organization of the cholesteryl ester droplets in the fatty streaks of
      human aorta.
AB  - X-ray diffraction patterns from human arterial specimens containing
      atherosclerotic fatty streak lesions exhibited a single sharp reflection,
      corresponding to a structural spacing of about 35 A. Specimens without lesions
      did not. When specimens with fatty streaks were heated, an order-to-disorder
      phase transition was revealed by the disappearance of the sharp reflection. The
      transition was thermally reversible and its temperature varied from aorta to
      aorta over a range from 28 degrees to 42 degrees C. Since cholesteryl ester
      droplets are a major component of fatty streaks, comparison studies were made of
      the diffraction behavior from pure cholesteryl esters. We found that the
      diffraction patterns of the fatty streak material could be accounted for by the
      organization of the cholesteryl esters into a liquid-crystalline smectic phase
      that melts from the smectic to a less ordered phase upon heating. When combined
      with the conclusions of others from polarized light microscopy, our study shows
      that a droplet in the smectic phase has well-defined concentric layers of lipid
      molecules. In each layer, the long axes of the molecules have a net radial
      orientation with respect to the droplet, but the side-to-side organization is
      disordered. We suggest that the accessibility of portions of the lipids for
      specific binding to enzymes or transport proteins may be restricted when they are
      in the smectic state, and that exchange of lipids with surrounding membranes or
      other potential binding sites may likewise be inhibited. The restriction in the
      smectic phase should be greater than in the less ordered phases that exist at
      higher temperatures.

PMID- 965501
TI  - A new version of the "token test" for aphasics: a concrete objects form.

PMID- 965502
TI  - Psychotic children's free-choice selection of natural and distorted speech.
AB  - The relative preferences of psychotic, language-handicapped, and linguistically
      normal children for natural intelligible speech or various forms of distorted
      speech were assessed by a two-choice operant procedure. The stimulus preferences
      of the psychotic group were found to be qualitatively different from those of
      either nonpsychotic group. The nonpsychotic children preferred natural
      intelligible speech in every case, although the language-handicapped children
      were less sensitive than the normals to the distinctions between communicative
      speech and unintelligible speech. In contrast, the psychotic group showed an
      overall preference for unnatural, distorted speech. They apparently attended
      primarily to the acoustic novelty of the stimuli and had little regard for
      linguistic intelligibility. These results suggest that speech and language may
      have distinctly different functional significance for these psychotic children
      than for normals.

PMID- 965503
TI  - Confusions in recognizing phonemes spoken by esophageal speakers: I. initial
      consonants and clusters.
AB  - A methodology was developed to determine the patterns of phonemic errors that
      listeners would make in receiving the initial consonants and clusters of
      monosyllables spoken by esophageal speakers. Analyses of the features preserved
      in the errors were performed. The identified phonemic error patterns and the
      features found to be poorly preserved in the errors were used to structure
      multiple-choice intelligibility practice materials for esophageal speakers.

PMID- 965504
TI  - Punishment contingencies for the reduction of incorrect responses during
      articulation instruction.
AB  - A comparison was made between the effects of punishment combined with positive
      reinforcement and reinforcement alone for the reduction of incorrect articulation
      responses. Three different punishers (a buzzer, response cost, and "No!") were
      studied for six young children while they were receiving programmed articulation
      instruction. The results indicated (1) that punishment in combination with
      positive reinforcement was generally more effective than positive reinforcement
      alone; (2) that whether or not a particular stimulus acted as a punisher could be
      determined only be empirical demonstration; and (3) that the introduction of
      punishment contingencies did not produce increased rates of disruptive, off-task
      behaviors. Conversely, off-task behaviors tended to increase in rate when
      punishement contingencies for articulation responses were removed.

PMID- 965505
TI  - Nasalance in utterances of hearing-impaired speakers.
AB  - Instrumental comparisons of sound from the nose and mouth expressed in percent
      nasalance, articulation errors, and speech rate are used in this study to
      contrast utterances of 50 speakers with severe hearing impairment and 64 with
      normal hearing. Results of the study revealed that 54% of the hearing-impaired
      subjects had nasalance ratio scores greater than two standard deviations above
      the mean of the group with normal auditory acuity. No general relationship was
      found between the number or type of articulation errors and the nasalance scores.
      Rate of speaking was significantly related to the nasalance scores of the normal
      group but not those of the hearing-impaired group. Tonagrams displaying the
      variations in nasalance revealed small, 1 to 50% spike-shaped fluctuations in the
      displays of the utterances from both groups. Additional prolonged bursts of
      nasalance in excess of a 30% change in the ratio between the nasal and oral
      signal were common in the displays from the hearing-impaired group did not in
      those of the group with normal acuity. Possible sources and perceptual effects of
      these phenomena are discussed.

PMID- 965506
TI  - Development of acoustic cue discrimination in children.
AB  - Three groups of twelve subjects each, ages four, five and six years,
      respectively, made same-different judgments on six speech discrimination tests.
      On each test, a single acoustic cue signaled a phonemic difference in minimal
      pairs which were otherwise acoustically identical. On three of the tests, the
      independent variable was a spectral cue and on three others a temporal cue was
      manipulated. With one exception, all subjects passed tests involving a spectral
      cue, however, significant developmental differences were apparent on tests in
      which a temporal cue signaled a phonemic difference. The probable contribution of
      these cues to the perception of speech in young children is discussed.

PMID- 965507
TI  - The frequency of disfluencies during phonatory transitions in stuttered and
      nonstuttered speech.
AB  - The hypothesis that stuttering and nonstuttering adults have fewer disfluencies
      during voiced-voiced phoneme-to-phoneme phonatory transitions than during voiced
      voiceless, voiceless-voiced, or voiceless-voiceless transitions was investigated.
      The speech of 11 adult stutterers and a matched group of nonstutterers was
      analyzed according to the occurrence of disfluencies during the above categories
      of phonatory transtions. Each subject's speech was recorded individually while
      reading several passages. The percentage of disfluencies varied significantly (p
      less than 0.001) across the four phonatory transition categories for both groups
      of subjects. Both stutterers and nonstutterers demonstrated a lower percentage of
      disfluencies during voiced-voiced transitions than during voiced-voiceless,
      voiceless-voiced, and voiceless-voiceless phonatory transitions. Furthermore,
      both groups of subjects demonstrated a similar distribution of disfluencies
      across the four phonatory transitions categories. An inability to successfully
      complete phoneme-to-phoneme phonatory transitions does not appear to fully
      explain the pattern of disfluencies for stuttering or nonstuttering adults.

PMID- 965508
TI  - Voice initiation characteristics of normal children and children with vocal
      nodules: a preliminary investigation.
AB  - Three types of vocal initiation (hard, soft, breathy) were produced by eight
      normal speaking children and eight children with vocal nodules. The results of
      the acoustic and aerodynamic measurements indicated systematically longer rise
      time values and greater air volumes during the initial few hundred milliseconds
      of phonation for vocal nodule children when compared with the normal speaking
      children across the three initiation conditions. A significant difference between
      the two groups was found for the amount of air volume expired in the first 200
      msec of hard vocal initiation. Clinical implications of the results suggest
      reducing the abnormal glottal attack and abusive speaking habits of children with
      laryngeal dysfunction.

PMID- 965509
TI  - The cat optic nerve: fibre total count and diameter spectrum.
AB  - An electron microscopic examination of two cat optic nerves indicates a mean
      total count of 193,000 fibres ranging from 0.5 mu to 13.5 mu in diameter. This
      count, although nearly double any previously reported, supports recent minimum
      estimates of the retinal ganglion cell population of the cat eye. A radial
      gradient of packing density exists across the nerve close to the globe; a high
      density "core" with a unimodal fibre diameter spectrum may be identified as the
      area centralis outflow and a peripheral low density region with a trimodal
      diameter spectrum contains the projection of the peripheral retina. Division of
      the peripheral fibre spectrum suggests the percentages of alpha, beta and gamma
      ganglion cells in the peripheral retina to be 5%, 42% and 53% respectively.

PMID- 965510
TI  - Effect of prestimulation on avoidance responding in rats, and hormonal dependence
      of the effect.
AB  - Rats were tested daily in a free-operant avoidance task and were found to make
      more avoidance responses in sessions preceded by a brief period of prestimulation
      than in control sessions. Footshock, air blast, and handling were effective
      sources of prestimulation for this effect. Further experiments showed that the
      effect of prestimulation depended on the presence of circulating
      mineralocorticoid and not on any other adrenal or pituitary hormone.
      Adrenalectomy, but not hypophysectomy, abolished the effect. The effect was also
      abolished in intact rats by maintaining them on saline drinking fluid, a
      procedure that inhibits mineralocorticoid production. In either adrenalectomized
      rats or intact, saline-maintained rats, injection of mineralocorticoid permitted
      the effect of prestimulation to reappear while leaving the nonprestimulated
      response rate unaffected.

PMID- 965511
TI  - Fornix damage enhances successive, but not simultaneous, object-discrimination
      learning in cats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of fornix lesions with the
      deficits known to follow septum lesions in cats learning visual object
      discriminations. In Experiment 1 when eight cats with aspiration lesions of the
      fornix performed successive discrimination problems, acquisition was greatly
      facilitated, but first- and second-reversal scores were normal by comparison with
      eight normal cats and two operated corpus callosum-control cats without fornix
      damage. Four corpus callosum-damaged cats with secondary degeneration in the
      medial fornix also learned the initial problem faster than normals. In Experiment
      2 in a simultaneous paradigm, eight cats with fornix lesions scored like five
      normal controls, although they perseverated in early stages of reversal problems.
      The authors hypothesize that medial fornix damage, in contrast with septum
      lesions, enhances both initiation and maintenance of response inhibition.

PMID- 965512
TI  - Androgenic control of food intake and body weight in male rats.
AB  - Castration of adult male rats produces a delayed (by approximately 1 mo),
      permanent hypophagia and reduction in weight gain. This contrasts with the rapid,
      transient hyperphagia and increased weight gain caused by ovariectomy in female
      rats. Injections of testosterone propionate (TP) stimulate food intake and weight
      gain in castrated males. Neither 5alpha-reduction nor aromatization of the
      testosterone molecule plays an important role in the stimulation of these
      measures by TP. The 5alpha-reduced metabolite of TP, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      propionate (DHTP), is less effective in increasing eating and weight gain than is
      TP. Very high doses of TP may actually reduce weight gain with prolonged
      treatment (2-6 wk). It is likely that this reduced weight gain is due to
      aromatization of TP to an estrogen. The nonaromatizable androgen, DHTP, does not
      reduce weight gain even in very high doses, and concurrent progesterone
      injections reverse the weight-reducing actions of high TP doses.

PMID- 965513
TI  - Posthatch age and developmental age as a baseline for determination of the
      sensitive period for imprinting.
AB  - Two experiments comparing developmental age and posthatch age were performed. In
      the first experiment 143 Peking ducklings of different posthatch ages were
      imprinted, and their following responses examined in a simultaneous choice test.
      A sensitive period was evident on the basis of posthatch age. In the second
      experiment 99 ducklings were separated in three clusters of different posthatch
      ages, which did not vary within the clusters relative to their probability to be
      imprinted. The ducklings of each cluster were imprinted at various developmental
      ages, and the results show the involvement of developmental age. Thus, both
      experiments considered together favor the concept of an interaction of
      developmental and posthatch age. Imprinting and the determination of the
      sensitive period are dependent on prehatch and posthatch learning, so both
      developmental age and posthatch age are involved in setting the limit of the
      sensitive period.

PMID- 965514
TI  - Developing visual function in the red jungle fowl embryo.
AB  - The onset of visual system function in the wild red jungle fowl embryo was
      measured by the pupillary reflex technique and compared with its domesticated
      descendant, the domestic chick. The first neurally mediated pupillary reflex in
      the jungle fowl embryos was found at Day 15 of incubation after 77% of incubation
      was completed. This point did not differ significantly from the onset of this
      reflex in the domestic chick embryo (after approximately 83% of incubation).
      Thus, it was concluded that the relatively late onset of overt visual system
      function in the chick, as compared with several other precocial avian species,
      was not a result of its history of intense domestication but rather was most
      likely a normal characteristic of this and other closely related species.

PMID- 965515
TI  - Some effects of conditioned aversion on food intake and olfactory bulb electrical
      responses in the rat.
AB  - Rats maintained on an unadulterated synthetic food, available from 8 a.m. to 10
      a.m. everyday, were submitted to an aversive conditioning schedule on which a
      first ingestion of eucalyptol-flavored food (EF) was followed by an apomorphine
      injection (20 mg/kg, ip). In the first experiment the daily food intake was
      measured from Day 1 to 17, during the first and second hours of the meal. The EF
      was offered on Days 8, 9, and 17 during the first or the second hour of the meal
      (Series B or A). On Day 8, the meal was followed in a group of rats by the
      apomorphine injection. As compared with the intake of Day 8, the mean EF intake
      of Day 9 was significantly decreased in Series A and B, and of Day 17 in Series A
      only. No significant EF-intake modification could be observed in a saline
      injected group or in an untreated control group. In the second experiment, rats
      bearing bulbar electrodes for the chronic recording of multiunit mitral cell
      responses received a 2-hr EF meal before the apomorphine injection. They were
      stimulated by puffs of odors of pure eucalyptol, unadulterated food, and EF and
      recorded in hungry and satiated states. Before the aversive conditioning, a
      significantly greater occurrence of positive responses to the odors of
      unadulterated food and EF was observed in hungry rats compared with satiated
      rats. The eucalyptol odor yielded equivalent patterns of responses in hungry and
      satiated rats before and after conditioning. Conditioning did not alter the
      modulated responses to unadulterated food odor (a greater occurrence of positive
      responses was still observed in hungry rats) but modified the responses to the
      odor of EF (the same high rate of positive responses was then observed in
      satiated and hungry rats). Electrophysiological data are discussed in terms of
      palatability changes and food-odor meaning.

PMID- 965516
TI  - Electrical activity of the dorsal hippocampus in rats operantly trained to lever
      press and to lick.
AB  - One group of four rats was operantly conditioned in a Sidman avoidance procedure
      to lever press during one discriminative stimulus and to lick during another
      discriminative stimulus. Another group of four rats was conditioned in a similar
      manner in order to receive positive reinforcements. More dorsal hippocampal
      rhythmic slow activity (RSA) occurred during lever pressing than during operant
      licking. It was also found that dorsal hippocampal RSA accompanied walking and
      that dorsal hippocampal large irregular activity occurred during periods of
      immobility, during normal drinking and grooming and during the intense saliva
      spreading and grooming that were induced by exposure to a 40 degrees C
      environmental temperature. The data suggested that hippocampal RSA is related to
      type of response rather than to sensory, motivational, or learning processes.
      Furthermore, the data suggested that RSA is not related to the operant role of
      response or to relative vigor of response.

PMID- 965517
TI  - Effects of analgesic midbrain stimulation on reflex withdrawal and thermal escape
      in the rat.
AB  - Strong analgesia produced by mesencephalic electrical brain stimulation in rats
      significantly increased escape latencies in two-way escape from a floor heated by
      hydraulic circulation. Reflective reactions to pinching and needling were
      abolished or greatly diminished. Individual differences in the strengths of
      analgesia, as assessed by instrumental and reflex indicants, were highly
      correlated. Induction of analgesia was demonstrated in the absence of positive
      reinforcement effects produced by brain stimulation. The findings are discussed
      in relation to possible neural pain suppression systems with critical components
      situated in the midbrain.

PMID- 965518
TI  - Sensory responsiveness and avoidance learning in rats.
AB  - Analysis of sensory responsiveness and avoidance learning was carried out in
      three experiments using five rat strains. There were significant differences
      among the strains in response to electric footshock. Also the strain-specific
      shock intensity as unconditioned stimulus (US) elicited significantly higher
      rates of avoidance learning as compared with the rates of avoidance learning
      under an equal but average level of shock intensity as US. In general, discrete
      auditory and visual sensory modes as conditioned stimuli (CS) produced almost the
      same rate of avoidance learning. The proportion of variation in avoidance
      learning attributable to strains was significant under all six experimental
      conditions except no-discrete CS and strain-specific US condition.

PMID- 965519
TI  - Trial development of unit response changes during conditioning in cats.
AB  - Single-cell and evoked potential (EP) activity in the postcruciate cortex of
      acutely prepared cats was recorded during a classical conditioning procedure. The
      temporal pattern of response (PSH) of the neuron was separated into three
      components, and the trial development of learning changes for these components
      was examined individually. Changes over trials in the similarity of the EP
      waveform and the unit PSH were also examined. The unit response components showed
      changes in response at different trial periods; these changes could not be
      accounted for by changes at lower brain levels that projected to the cortex. This
      suggests that local learning changes were taking places in the cortex. The EP-PSH
      similarity decreased for neurons showing the largest changes in response during
      conditioning. Since the EP reflects the response of the whole population of
      neurons and a majority did not show learning changes, this could account for the
      observed decrease.

PMID- 965520
TI  - Dissociation of gustatory and weight regulatory responses to quinine following
      lateral hypothalamic lesions.
AB  - In a two-phase experiment, consummatory (Phase 1) and body weight regulation
      (Phase 2) responses to quinine adulteration of a wet mash diet were measured in
      rats recovered from bilateral lateral hypothalamic lesions (LH; n = 16) and in
      unoperated control rats (C; n = 18). In Phase 1, all rats were fed wet mash
      adulterated with increasing concentrations of quinine sulfate every other day,
      and fed unadulterated wet mash on the alternate days. Group LH consumed a
      significantly lower proportion of quinine-adulterated wet mash relative to
      unadulterated wet mash, displaying a steeper concentration-response function and
      a lower rejection threshold than did Group C. In Phase 2, Groups LH and C were
      maintained exclusively on quinine-adulterated mash for 20 days. This procedure
      caused equivalent weight loss in the two groups. Therefore, an apparent
      exaggerated aversion to quinine-adulterated food does not appear to contribute
      abnormally to the weight regulation exhibited by rats with lateral hypothalamic
      damage.

PMID- 965521
TI  - Marginal and extramarginal cortical lesions and visual discrimination by cats.
AB  - Seventy-five cats learned a shape discrimination with zero, one, or two
      irrelevant cues. They were then subjected to sham operations (n = 34), ablation
      of the marginal and splenial gyri (n = 9), or lesions in the extramarginal (EM)
      cortex. The 32 EM cats comprised four groups, three with small (EM1, n = 9),
      intermediate (EM2, n = 10), and large (EM3, n = 9) decortications, and a fourth
      group with both EM lesions and heavy degeneration in the lateral geniculate
      nucleus (LGN, n = 4). The cats with marginal or extensive extramarginal lesions
      were severely impaired in shape and size discrimination. Two lines of evidence
      indicate that their behavioral defects resulted from different neural
      dysfunctions. (a) The errors made by marginal gyrus cases increased sharply as a
      function of the number of irrelevant cues present in shape discrimination
      training; no other group, including Group EM3, was affected by this variable. (b)
      Cats with extramarginal ablations and strong LGN degeneration were no more
      severely impaired than were subjects with comparable extramarginal damage and
      little or no LGN degeneration. While the nature of the two kinds of deficits
      remains unclear, they seem parallel to those following posterior cortical lesions
      in monkeys.

PMID- 965522
TI  - Performance on the visual cliff by cats with marginal gyrus lesions.
AB  - Lesions in 12 cats that destroyed almost all of area 17 (Group MS) abolished
      differential responding on the visual cliff. Performance was not impaired in 9
      cats in which regions of the striate cortex were spared in the depths of the
      splenial sulcus or in 23 cats with damage to extramarginal areas. There were 37
      controls. Additional experiments indicated that the deficit in performance by MS
      cats was not reduced either by the administration of amphetamine or by increases
      in cues for motion parallax. Monocularly occluded normal cats preferred the
      shallow surface of the visual cliff, demonstrating that the deficit was not due
      solely to removal of neurons sensitive to binocular disparity. The findings were
      discussed in light of electrophysiological evidence that lesions of the visual
      cortex disrupt functions of the superior colliculus.

PMID- 965523
TI  - Sex differences in sensitivity of food intake, body weight, and running-wheel
      activity to ovarian steroids in rats.
AB  - The effects of sex and experimental androgenization on the responsiveness of food
      intake and running-wheel activity to exogenously administered ovarian hormones
      were investigated in adult, gonadectomized rats. Food intake was found to be
      analogous to lordotic behavior in that males and neonatally androgenized females
      were relatively insensitive to the influences of either estradiol benzoate (EB)
      or progesterone (P). Running-wheel activity, however, could be differentiated
      from food intake in that males responded the same as females to the effects of EB
      and P. Androgenized females (500-mug testosterone propionate on the third day of
      life) showed a response to EB quantitatively equivalent to that of
      nonandrogenized females, but they had a longer latency to respond. The estrogen
      antagonistic effects of P were confirmed for both of these behaviors, and there
      was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the responses to EB and P.

PMID- 965524
TI  - Selection for spontaneous or priming-induced audiogenic seizure susceptibility in
      mice.
AB  - Four lines of mice were selectively bred from a heterogeneous foundation stock
      for audiogenic seizure prone (SP), priming prone (PP), moderately priming prone
      (MPP), and seizure resistant (SR). Significant changes in proportions of animals
      showing the desired phenotypes were found after two generations of selection,
      indicating involvement of genetic components in these behavioral characteristics.
      Although response to selection for spontaneous seizure proneness was rapid, the
      results do not support a view that initial seizure risk is controlled by a single
      recessive gene. The effects of tympanic membrane perforation on development of
      seizure susceptibility in these four selected lines were investigated in
      Experiment 2. Results indicate that the method is highly effective in inducing
      seizure susceptibility in the PP mice and the SR mice, but not so effective for
      the SP and the MPP lines. These results suggest that spontaneous and priming
      induced seizure susceptibility could be due to development of hyperreactivity in
      centripetal auditory structures brought about by reduction of auditory input.
      They also suggest that the phenotypic difference between the PP and the SR lines
      could be due to differences in their cochlear susceptibility to stimulation
      damage but that a qualitatively different mechanism is involved in the MPP line.

PMID- 965525
TI  - Inhibition of acoustic priming in mice.
AB  - Mice of the C57BL/6J strain can be made susceptible to audiogenic seizures by a
      process known as acoustic priming. Acoustic priming can be blocked when the
      animals are injected either with puromycin or with puromycin aminonucleoside
      before the application of the priming stimulus. Cycloheximide, diphenylhydantoin,
      and d-amphetamine had little effect on priming-induced audiogenic seizures in
      these animals. All of these drugs, however, when given in combination with
      puromycin reversed in the protective action of puromycin against audiogenic
      seizures. Puromycin administered to 19-day-old mice increased susceptibility to
      electroconvulsive seizures when the animals were tested at 22 days of age. It is
      suggested that puromycin is able to block priming-induced audiogenic seizures by
      producing abnormal electrical activity in the brain or through an interference
      with normal neurohumoral transmission by incomplete peptides.

PMID- 965526
TI  - DRL performance, extinction, and secondary reinforcement: role of appetitive
      value of food in mice with septal lesions.
AB  - Normal mice and mice with septal lesions were trained on a differential
      reinforcement-for-low-rates-of-responding (DRL 8-sec) schedule for the
      reinforcement varying in incentive value. Dilution of diet increased the number
      of reinforcements received by mice with septal lesions. In Experiments 2 and 3
      the effects of septal lesions on resistance to extinction and continuous
      reinforcement training and the strength of secondary reinforcement were
      investigated. Changes in reinforcement value modified the septal lesion effects
      in both cases. All three experiments demonstrated the alteration of the septal
      lesion effect through a change in the appetitive value of the reinforcement. The
      results suggest that one of the mechanisms by which septal lesions impair DRL
      performance is an enhancement of reinforcing properties of food.

PMID- 965527
TI  - Grooming in the rat as an aftereffect of lateral hypothalamic stimulation.
AB  - Grooming occurred as an aftereffect of electrical stimulation at hypothalamic
      sites that elicited locomotion, drinking, or eating as stimulus-bound behaviors.
      Removal of food or water, which caused rats to switch from one stimulus-bound
      behavior to another, produced little or no change in the grooming aftereffect.
      Stimulation with pulse showed that the absolute refractory period for the neurons
      responsible for the occurrence of grooming is approximately 1 msec. This value is
      longer than those reported for drinking, eating, and locomotion. Finally, it was
      found that with some electrodes, low levels of stimulation elicited grooming
      directly, during the stimulation; at higher levels grooming occurred only as an
      aftereffect. It is concluded that grooming is activated through neurons separate
      from those that produce drinking, eating, or locomotion and that its occurrence
      as an aftereffect may be due to an interaction between short-lasting inhibitory
      and longer lasting excitatory effects of the stimulation.

PMID- 965528
TI  - Drug exposure and the acquisition and retention of a conditioned taste aversion.
AB  - Two experiments examined the effects of preexposure and postexposure to a drug on
      the acquisition and retention of a conditioned taste aversion induced by that
      drug. Experiment 1 demonstrated that although drug preexposure attenuated a
      subsequent conditioned aversion, repeated taste-drug pairings reversed the
      initial attenuation effect and resulted in nearly complete avoidance of
      consumption. Experiment 2, however, demonstrated that drug postexposure did not
      alter a previously established conditioned aversion, although the postexposure
      experiences were effective in attenuating a conditioned aversion to a second
      novel solution. It was suggested that conditioned aversions are mediated by ACTH
      and that preexposure to a drug results in tolerance to that drug, yielding a
      smaller ACTH response and thereby a weaker aversion.

PMID- 965529
TI  - Ontogeny of persistence: immediate and long-term persistence in rats varying in
      training age between 17 and 65 days.
AB  - In Experiment 1, six age groups of rats were trained to run an alley for either
      partial (PRF) or continuous reinforcement (CRF). Training was during a 2-day
      period starting at six different ages, and extinction was initiated about 12 hr
      later. There was a clear partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) at all
      ages and, particularly after PRF training, an inverse relationship between
      resistance to extinction and age. In Experiment 2, retention and durability of
      persistence as well as immediate persistence were tested following acquisition at
      three different ages. The immediate extinction tests confirmed the results of
      Experiment 1. In the delayed extinction tests, greater resistance to extinction
      following PRF than following CRF was found in all age groups after both the
      retention and durability manipulations. In neither test was there an effect of
      age in original acquisition on the magnitude of adult persistence. These
      experiments confirm earlier findings of remarkable persistence in rats trained
      and tested at weanling age, show that the persistence is even greater in pre
      weanlings, and show that it is retained into young adulthood.

PMID- 965530
TI  - Olfactory recognition of conspecifics by domestic Norway rats.
AB  - In order to learn more about their ability to recognize one another via
      olfaction, domestic male rats were given a series of preference tests in which
      pairs of odors from male conspecifics were presented. Both immature and mature
      males prefer (p less than .05) the odor from immature strangers over that from
      immature cage mates but are indifferent to the ordors from mature strangers
      versus cage mates. Both immature and mature males prefer (p less than .05) the
      odor from mature novel cage mates over that from mature cage mates to which they
      are temporarily habituated but are indifferent to the odors from immature novel
      versus familial cage mates. Mature males prefer (p less than .08) the odor from a
      cage mate over the subject's own odor, and they prefer (p less than .01) their
      own odor over no odor. Under certain conditions, male rats can discriminate
      between the odors from (a) strangers versus cage mates, (b) two cage mates, and
      (c) their own body versus a cage mate.

PMID- 965531
TI  - Olfactory denervation: its biological and behavioral effects in infant rats.
AB  - Two-week-old infant rats were treated with intranasal ZnSO4 and compared with
      littlemate controls 24 hr later. When infants were returned to their mother and
      littermates, those with olfactory deficits lost weight, had reduced cardiac and
      respiratory rates and lower body temperatures, and showed increased locomotor
      behavior in an unfamiliar test area. Subsequent experiments showed that in the
      absence of the mother and also in isolation, differences between ZnSO4-treated
      and control infants involved fewer systems were less marked, and presented
      different patterns. Isolated infants given oral ZnSO4 did not differ from
      controls on any measures. Olfactory denervation appears to produce these effects
      by disrupting nursing, by altering littermate interaction, and by other central
      nervous system effects that are independent of social interaction.

PMID- 965532
TI  - Hormonal influences on sexual dimorphism in rate of extinction of a conditioned
      taste aversion in rats.
AB  - The hormonal influences on the slow extinction rate of a conditioned taste
      aversion shown by male rats and the fast extinction rate shown by female rats
      were investigated. When males were castrated, they extinguished as quickly as
      females. When castrated males were given testosterone propionate replacement,
      they had a slow extinction rate. Castration had no effect on the extinction rate
      of females. But when testosterone propionate was administered to castrated or
      intact females, they had a slow, malelike extinction rate. Thus, sexual
      dimorphism in the extinction rate of a conditioned taste aversion seems to be due
      to the activational effects of testosterone.

PMID- 965533
TI  - Failure to show modification of male golden hamster mating behavior through
      taste/odor aversion learning.
AB  - This research investigated whether the dependence of mating behavior in the male
      hamster on olfactory and gustatory stimuli could be used with the taste/odor
      conditioning paradigm to alter sexual behavior. Preliminary experiments
      established the effectiveness of lithium chloride and methyl-atropine nitrate in
      forming aversions to a saccharin solution. These same agents failed to modify
      mating behavior when the conditional stimulus was an estrous female hamster.
      Animals made ill after an exposure to a cotton swab containing phenylacetic acid
      later showed increased latencies in the initiation of mating with an estrous
      female swabbed with phenylacetic acid. Animals given three punished exposures to
      phenylacetic acid also showed increased latency to initiate mating and decreased
      anogenital sniff-licking with a phenylacetic acid-swabbed estrous female.
      However, no other measures of mating behavior were altered.

PMID- 965534
TI  - Habituation and tonic immobility in domestic chickens.
AB  - The habituation of tonic immobility in chickens was examined in six studies. It
      was shown that repeated elicitation of immobility, and not just handling, was
      responsible for reduced response durations after multiple exposures to manual
      restraint. Habituation was a function of the number of stimulus presentations
      and, in addition, proved surprisingly durable, with diminished reactions using
      lasting at least 2.5 mo. Strain differences were found in the number of trials
      required to reach a criteria of habituation, and habituation proceeded faster
      when immobility termination was self-paced as opposed to experimenter induced.
      Also, massed trials produced robust sensitization effects rather than diminished
      responsiveness.

PMID- 965535
TI  - Spontaneous and centrally induced behaviors in normal and thalamic opossums.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of localized areas of the opossum medulla and cerebellum
      induced goal-oriented eating and grooming behaviors of stereotyped gagging.
      Following radical telencephalic lesions, these animals showed considerable
      behavioral capacity and in many cases continued to demonstrate centrally induced
      responses. Animals with lesions, however, failed to groom or show active food
      seeking behavior, and they showed poor thermoregulation in the heat, presumably
      because of the loss of thermoregulatory grooming. These deficits following
      removal of the telencephalon appear to have resulted from disruption of important
      sources of control over behaviors rather than from loss of basic consummatory
      response mechanisms, since grooming and eating, while less directed, could still
      be elicited by central stimulation. These results support the view that the lower
      brain stem may contain intrinsic neural circuits for the integration of complex
      behaviors.

PMID- 965536
TI  - Oropharyngeal control of drinking in rats.
AB  - Drinking was studied in water-deprived rats with chronic intragastric fistulas.
      Sham drinking, by which the ingested water was immediately lost through the open
      gastric fistula, was approximately four times greater than normal drinking. This
      proportion held across different levels of water deprivation, following 5-ml
      intragastric preloads of water or isotonic saline or ingestion of isotonic
      saline. The contribution of oropharyngeal controls in the normal drinking of rats
      is discussed and is compared with that of other species.

PMID- 965537
TI  - Effect of high dietary zinc upon zinc metabolism and intracellular distribution
      in cows and calves.
AB  - Changes in the metabolism of zinc were investigated in mature nonlactating
      Holstein cows and 4-mo old calves fed high but nontoxic amounts of dietary zinc.
      Increasing dietary zinc of calves from 42 to 642 ppm elevated the zinc content of
      liver and pancreas 600% and 1400%, respectively. The elevated zinc in liver and
      pancreas involved a substantial increase in all intracellular fractions, with by
      far the largest amount associated with a 10,000 molecular-weight protein in the
      soluble cell fraction. This zinc-binding protein may protect the cell against
      damage from increased zinc. A comparable increase in dietary zinc of mature cows
      did not affect zinc content of liver or kidney nor alter the intracellular
      distribution of zinc in the liver. In mature cows, homeostatic control mechanisms
      which regulate the zinc content of tissue are much more effective than in calves.
      Accordingly, mature cows probably are able to tolerate higher concentrations of
      dietary zinc.

PMID- 965538
TI  - Fertility of frozen bovine spermatozoa packaged in continental straws or ampules.
AB  - Fertility of semen frozen in .25-ml Continental straws or 1.0-ml ampules was
      compared in two field trials. Semen from four bulls was used to inseminate 574
      cows over 38 days in Trial 1. Rates of pregnancy for cows inseminated with semen
      in straws or ampules were 54 and 32% for first-service inseminations and 70 and
      50% at the end of the breeding period. Semen from one bull was used to inseminate
      204 cows over 44 days in Trial 2. Rates of pregnancy from single inseminations
      averaged 58 and 44%, while corresponding values at the end of the breeding period
      were 83 and 67% for semen in straws and ampules.

PMID- 965539
TI  - Effect of glucagon infusion on plasma magnesium, glucose, and insulin in bull
      calves.
AB  - Two Holstein bull calves each were infused intravenously with 1 mg glucagon in
      .9% sodium chloride, and two were given saline alone; 1 wk later treatments were
      reversed. Glucagon increased concentrations of insulin and glucose but decreased
      potassium in blood plasma and moderately increased urinary magnesium and calcium
      losses. When only saline was used, there was no effect. A hypothesis relating
      elevated glucagon to grass tetany is proposed.

PMID- 965540
TI  - Fat cow syndrome.
AB  - The objective of this paper is to characterize the fat cow syndrome. This
      condition refers to a combination of metabolic, digestive, infectious, and
      reproductive conditions which affects the obese periparturient cow. The condition
      develops primarily due to faulty feed management which permits excessive
      consumption of unbalanced diets. The syndrome is frequently a herd problem
      characterized by a high morbidity and mortality due to an increase in disease in
      periparturient cows. Clinical signs include depression, anorexia, ketonuria,
      marked decrease in production, progressive debilitation, weakness, nervous signs,
      and an elevation in temperature due to infectious disease. The obesity is
      generalized throughout the body with extensive fatty metamorphosis in the liver.
      Histological changes are primarily in the liver and kidney. Treatment of the
      condition consists of feeding a balanced diet, symptomatic treatment, and good
      supportive care. The condition can be prevented by feeding a balanced diet
      according to nutrient requirements of the National Research Council.

PMID- 965541
TI  - Activity and task performance of hyperactive children as a function of
      environmental stimulation.

PMID- 965542
TI  - The Mini-Mult: a cautionary note.

PMID- 965543
TI  - Application of supervised and nonsupervised microcounseling paradigms in the
      training of registered and licensed practical nurses.

PMID- 965544
TI  - Positive affect: a method of content analysis for verbal samples.

PMID- 965545
TI  - Facilitating personality change with audiovisual self-confrontation and
      interviews.

PMID- 965546
TI  - Experiential response to auditory and visual hallucination suggestions in
      hypnotic subjects.

PMID- 965547
TI  - Delinquency, institutionalization, and time orientation.

PMID- 965548
TI  - Perceptual integration on the Rorschach as an indicator of cognitive capacity: a
      developmental study of racial differences in a clinic population.

PMID- 965549
TI  - Androgyny and other measures of masculinity-femininity.

PMID- 965550
TI  - Effects of varying session length and frequency in brief emotive psychotherapy.

PMID- 965551
TI  - Femininity and masculinity: their relationships to creativity in male architects
      and their independence from each other.

PMID- 965552
TI  - Anxiety, locus of control, type of preparatory information, and adjustment to
      dental surgery.

PMID- 965553
TI  - Changes in nonprofessional (novice) interviewers over a 3-year training period.

PMID- 965554
TI  - Behavioral analysis of chronic alcoholism in four women.

PMID- 965555
TI  - A cognitive-behavioral treatment for impulse control: a case study.

PMID- 965556
TI  - A reply to Beutler et al.'s study: some sources of variance in accurate empathy
      ratings.

PMID- 965558
TI  - Generalizability of locus of control: a Rep Grid investigation of personality
      consistency.

PMID- 965557
TI  - Substantive dimensions of psychopathology derived from MMPI content scales and
      the Differential Personality Inventory.

PMID- 965559
TI  - Clients' demographic characteristics and therapeutic treatment: differences that
      make a difference.

PMID- 965560
TI  - A test of the complementarity hypothesis in A-B research.

PMID- 965561
TI  - Effects of therapist disclosure and its perceived appropriateness on client self
      disclosure.

PMID- 965562
TI  - Defense preference of high- and low-hostility-guilt subjects.

PMID- 965563
TI  - Social desirability and self-disclosure: both independent of psychopathology.

PMID- 965564
TI  - Effect of need for approval and situational variables on the viewing of erotic
      material.

PMID- 965565
TI  - Feminism, androgyny, and anxiety.

PMID- 965566
TI  - Adjustment problems of sibling and nonsibling pairs referred to a school of
      mental health program.

PMID- 965567
TI  - Independent masculinity and femininity scales on the California Psychological
      Inventory.

PMID- 965568
TI  - A bias in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

PMID- 965569
TI  - Field evaluations of insect growth regulators, insecticides, and a bacterial
      agent for stable fly control in feedlot breeding areas.

PMID- 965570
TI  - Metabolism of promecarb in the rat.

PMID- 965571
TI  - Schizophrenic symptomatology: reaction or strategy? A study of contextual
      antecedents.

PMID- 965572
TI  - Posthypnotic amnesia: suggestions of an active process in dissociative phenomena.

PMID- 965573
TI  - A signal detection analysis of hypnotically induced narrowing of the peripheral
      visual field.

PMID- 965574
TI  - Trance logic and cue structure as supplied by the hypnotist.

PMID- 965575
TI  - Voluntary control of human heart rate: effect on reaction to aversive
      stimulation: a replication and extension.

PMID- 965576
TI  - Pleasure, addiction, and habit: factors in verbal report of factors in smoking
      behavior?

PMID- 965577
TI  - Effects of alcohol on sexual arousal in women.

PMID- 965578
TI  - Skin conductance response to punishment as a predictor and correlate of learning
      to avoid two classes of punishment.

PMID- 965579
TI  - Ego development and female delinquency: a cognitive-developmental approach.

PMID- 965580
TI  - Preference by the retarded for vibratory and visual stimulation as a function of
      mental age and psychotic reaction.

PMID- 965581
TI  - Short report self-hypnosis versus heterohypnosis: experiential and behavioral
      comparisons.

PMID- 965582
TI  - Changes of thiofanox residues in potatoes resulting from storage and cooking.

PMID- 965583
TI  - Fate of chlorothalonil in apple foliage and fruit.

PMID- 965584
TI  - Metabolism of the herbicide methazole in lactating cows and laying hens.

PMID- 965585
TI  - Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. 10. Identication of metabolites in
      rice root callus tissue cultures.

PMID- 965586
TI  - Root uptake of soil-injected benomyl and its detection with Ulmus americana.

PMID- 965587
TI  - Toxicity, penetration, and metabolism of chlordimeform and its N-demethyl
      metabolite in cabbage looper larvae.

PMID- 965588
TI  - Determination of zineb by oxidation with chloramine-T.

PMID- 965589
TI  - Crystal and molecular structure of organophosphorus insecticides. 4. Bromophos.

PMID- 965590
TI  - Quantitative gas chromatographic analysis of dimethoate and several metabolites
      in rape, quail, and grasshopper tissues by derivatization.

PMID- 965591
TI  - Photodegradation of O-ethyl O-(4-methylthio)phenyl) S-propyl phosphorodithioate
      (BAY NTN 9306).

PMID- 965592
TI  - Effects of light on the fate of carbofuran during the drying of alfalfa.

PMID- 965593
TI  - Photodegradation of polybromobiphenyls (PBB).

PMID- 965594
TI  - Insect growth regulators. Analogues of TH-6038 and TH-6040.

PMID- 965595
TI  - Analysis of nonionic novolatile N-nitroso compounds in foodstuffs.

PMID- 965596
TI  - Mechanism of degradation of thiofanox in aqueous solutions.

PMID- 965597
TI  - Selenium content of Bangladeshi rice by chemical and biological assay.

PMID- 965598
TI  - Enzymatic proteolysis of monellin. Absence of sweet peptides.

PMID- 965599
TI  - Esterification of the hydrolysis product of the herbicide dichlorfop-methyl in
      methanol.

PMID- 965600
TI  - An automated fluorometric method for the measurement of tryptophan in plasma.

PMID- 965601
TI  - Effect of alkali treatment on the formation of lysinoalanine in corn.

PMID- 965602
TI  - Camptothecin, a selective plant growth regulator.

PMID- 965603
TI  - Effect of free fatty acids on the radiolysis of triglycerides.

PMID- 965604
TI  - Preparation of optically active proline. Optical resolution of N-acyl-DL-proline
      by preferential crystallization procedure.

PMID- 965605
TI  - Synthesis and metabolic fate of hesperetin-3-14C.

PMID- 965606
TI  - Variations in concentrations and interrelationships of phytate, phosphorus,
      magnesium, calcium, zinc, and iron in wheat varieties during two years.

PMID- 965607
TI  - Atomic absorption spectrometric determination of eight trace metals in orange
      juice following hydrolytic preparation.

PMID- 965608
TI  - Nature of carbohydrates in pulses.

PMID- 965609
TI  - Use of the insecticide naled to control zearalenone production.

PMID- 965610
TI  - A comparison of some chromatographic detectors for the analysis of volatile N
      nitrosamines.

PMID- 965611
TI  - Laser light scattering bioassay for veterinary drug residues in food producing
      animals. 1. Dose-response results for milk, serum, urine, and bile.

PMID- 965612
TI  - A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of dodine residues on
      foods.

PMID- 965613
TI  - Residues of four ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) and their decomposition products
      on field-sprayed tomatoes.

PMID- 965614
TI  - Determination and evaluation of stack emissions from municipal incinerators.

PMID- 965615
TI  - Study on cockroach antigen as a probable causative agent in bronchial asthma.
AB  - Bronchial provocative test (BPT) with cockroach (CR) antigen was performed in 22
      asthmatic subjects. Sixteen had positive reaction (CR-positive) and 6 had
      negative reaction (CR-negative) to CR antigen by skin test. Immediate
      bronchoconstrictive response was noted following the antigen inhalation in 14 of
      16 CR-positive asthmatics, while none of 6 CR-negative asthmatics showed
      bronchospasm. Late asthmatic responses also were noted in 13 of 16 CR-positive
      asthmatic individuals following BPT with CR antigen. The dual asthmatic reactions
      in CR-positive individuals were mostly inhibited by the prior administration of
      cromolyn sodium. Three-fold increases in peripheral eosinophil counts were noted
      24 hr following BPT with CR antigen. Results indicate that CR-induced asthmatic
      responses are allergen-specific and CR plays a causative role in allergic asthma
      in the population studied.

PMID- 965616
TI  - Immunologic studies in a case of baker's asthma.
AB  - A 28-year-old baker with 13 years of occupational experience has developed, over
      the past several years, sinusitis, rhinitis, contact dermatitis, and asthma.
      Clinically, all of his symptoms were felt to be related to occupational exposure.
      Immunologic evaluation consisted of the following tests: intradermal skin
      testing, leukocyte histamine release, total serum IgE, PK transfer with
      immunoadsorption, and specific antigen bronchial challenge. Analysis of results
      would tend to implicate a type I, IgE-mediated immunologic reaction.

PMID- 965617
TI  - Reagin synthesis in inbred rats. II. Genetic control of reaginic antibody
      synthesis.
AB  - Specific reaginic (IgE) and hemagglutinating (IgG) antibodies were quantified
      after immunization with ovalbumin aluminum hydroxide gel in BN and ACI inbred
      rats, as well as their F1, F1 X BN backcross, F2, and F3, and F3 progeny. The
      dissimilarity of these immune responses indicated that reaginic (IgE) antibody
      synthesis was influenced by polygenic factors, but not sex, and was controlled by
      loci different from that governing hemagglutinating (IgG) antibody synthesis. In
      addition, tissue typing of the BN, ACI, F1, and F3 hybrids suggested that
      reaginic antibody synthesis was not linked to the major rat histocompatibility
      locus.

PMID- 965618
TI  - Therapeutic initiatives with inaccessible preschoolers.

PMID- 965619
TI  - A psychodynamic approach to the study and treatment of child-abusing parents.

PMID- 965620
TI  - The treatment of child abuse. Play therapy with a 4-year-old child.

PMID- 965621
TI  - Psychotherapy of a child in a custody dispute.

PMID- 965622
TI  - Work with parents. Treatment of the parent-child relationship.

PMID- 965623
TI  - Family therapy as a defense.

PMID- 965624
TI  - "Liberty boy". The play of a schizophrenic child.

PMID- 965625
TI  - Childhood depression. A longitudinal perspective.

PMID- 965626
TI  - Mourning as a family secret.

PMID- 965627
TI  - Adoption as an issue in casework with adoptive parents.

PMID- 965628
TI  - Improving the quality and continuity of relationships in two inner-city schools.

PMID- 965629
TI  - Teaching pediatric psychiatry to medical students. Technical and affective
      dimensions.

PMID- 965630
TI  - Utilization of a psychiatric-social work team in an Alaskan native secondary
      boarding school. A five-year review.

PMID- 965631
TI  - Metal-metal interactions involving metalloporphyrins. 4. A new antiferromagnetic
      phase of tetraphenylporphinatoiron (III) fluoride.

PMID- 965632
TI  - Conformation of protected amino acids. V. Application of lanthanide-shift
      reagents for conformational studies of tert-butoxycarbonyl alpha-amino acid
      esters: equilibrium changes and kinetics of the isomerization.

PMID- 965633
TI  - Dihydrodiols from anthracene and phenanthrene.

PMID- 965634
TI  - The formation of cyclic peroxides from unsaturated hydroperoxides: Models for
      prostaglandin biosynthesis.

PMID- 965635
TI  - Biosynthetic studies with 13CO2 of secondary plant metabolites. Nicotinana
      alkaloids. 1. Initial experiments.

PMID- 965636
TI  - Chemical-structural properties of tetracycline derivatives. 1. Molecular
      structure and conformation of the free base derivatives.

PMID- 965637
TI  - Ultraviolet and gamma-ray-induced free-radical reactions of nucleic acid
      constituents. Selectivity of some reactions for purines. Suppression of the
      reactivity of pyrimidines.

PMID- 965638
TI  - Fragmentation reaction of ylide. 5. A new metabolic reaction of aziridine
      derivatives.

PMID- 965639
TI  - Letter: Nasute termite soldier frontal gland secretions. 1. Structure of trinervi
      2 beta, 3 alpha, 9 alpha-triol 9-o-acetate, a novel diterpene fromTrinervitermes
      soldiers.

PMID- 965640
TI  - Letter: Nasute termite soldier frontal gland secretions. 2 Structures of
      trinervitene congeners from Trinervitermes soldiers.

PMID- 965641
TI  - Letter: Biogenetic-type syntheses of emodin and chrysophanol.

PMID- 965642
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on anion-exchange reactions of alkylmercury
      mercaptides.

PMID- 965643
TI  - Structures of modified cardenolides. I. Lactam analogues of isodigitoxigenin.

PMID- 965644
TI  - Studies on the synthesis of vitamin B12. I. Introduction and model studies.

PMID- 965645
TI  - Studies on the synthesis of vitamin B12. 2. Synthesis of the "southern" half.

PMID- 965646
TI  - Incorporation of [2-14C]-and [6-14C]nicotinic  acid into the tobacco alkaloids.
      Biosynthesis of anatabine and alpha,beta-dipyridyl.

PMID- 965647
TI  - On the mechanism of action of adenosylcobalamin.

PMID- 965648
TI  - Tautomerism in cytosine and 3-methylcytosine. A thermodynamic and kinetic study.

PMID- 965649
TI  - sym-oxepin oxide.

PMID- 965650
TI  - Proton magnetic resonance studies of sym-oxepin oxide.

PMID- 965651
TI  - Circular dichroism studies on alpha-L-glutamic acid oligomers in solution.

PMID- 965652
TI  - Biosynthesis of Cephalotaxus alkaloids. 2. Biosynthesis of the acyl portion of
      deoxyharringtonine.

PMID- 965653
TI  - Letter: Isosteganacin.

PMID- 965654
TI  - Letter: Studies on the molecular association of oxytocin and related compounds in
      dimethyl sulfoxide.

PMID- 965655
TI  - A direct,stereocontrolled total synthesis of the 9,11-azo analogue of the
      prostaglandin endoperoxide, PGH2.

PMID- 965656
TI  - 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The nebramycin aminoglycosides.

PMID- 965657
TI  - The importance of side chain intramolecular interaction on the stereochemical
      course of the 2-carbon deuteration of amino acids complexed to cobalt(III).

PMID- 965658
TI  - Five-coordinate amino acid complexes. Synthesis and characterization of
      nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes of 1,5-diazacyclooctane-N
      monoacetic acid.

PMID- 965659
TI  - Synthesis and Mossbauer spectra of octaethylporphyrin ferrous complexes.

PMID- 965660
TI  - Intramolecular nucleophilic aminolysis of aliphatic esters. Cyclization of methyl
      2-aminomethylbenzoate to phthalimidine.

PMID- 965661
TI  - Application of a modification of the Polonovski reaction to the synthesis of
      vinblastine-type alkaloids.

PMID- 965662
TI  - Catalysis of internucleotide bond formation by divalent metal ions.

PMID- 965663
TI  - Titration properties of homodinucleoside monophosphates. Determination of
      overlapping ionization constants and intramolecular stacking equilibrium
      quotients of ApA, CpC, GpG, and UpU.

PMID- 965664
TI  - Titration and temperature-dependent properties of homodinucleoside
      monophosphates. Evaluation of stacking equilibrium quotients for neutral and half
      ionized ApA, CpC, GpG, and UpU.

PMID- 965665
TI  - Substituent effects on the solution conformation of rifamycin S.

PMID- 965666
TI  - Studies on the mode of action of the mitomycin antibiotics. Reversible conversion
      of mitomycin C into sodium 7-aminomitosane-9a-sulfonate.

PMID- 965667
TI  - Determination of the secondary structure of proteins by laser Raman spectroscopy.

PMID- 965668
TI  - Oxidative decarboxylation of a tripeptide. The reaction of copper(II) hydroxide
      and glycylglycyl-L-histidine.

PMID- 965669
TI  - Baccharin, a novel potent antileukemic trichothecene triepoxide from Baccharis
      megapotamica.

PMID- 965670
TI  - Emission spectroscopy and state ordering of retinals.

PMID- 965671
TI  - A new method for the preparation of sequential polypeptides using matrix
      controlled thermal polymerization.

PMID- 965672
TI  - Aporphines. 22. Electrochemical synthesis of aporphines via cathodic cyclization
      of iodobenzylisoquinolinium salts.

PMID- 965673
TI  - A chiral synthesis of D-(+)-2,6-dideoxystreptamine and its microbial
      incorporation into novel antibiotics.

PMID- 965674
TI  - The clinical gerontologist.
AB  - A major objective now and in the future should be that of maximizing health and
      well-being during our essentially fixed span of life. It is proposed that this
      objective be delegated to a new field of medicine, perhaps to be known as
      clinical gerontology--a combination of preventive medicine and geriatrics.

PMID- 965675
TI  - A complex case of sarcoidosis fever.
AB  - Febrile episodes in a male patient with coronary artery disease and arteriovenous
      malformation of the spinal cord had been attributed to urinary-tract infections
      and pulmonary atelectasis. The autopsy findings, however, indicated that the
      fever may have been related to sarcoidosis which had not been detected pre
      mortem.

PMID- 965676
TI  - Sensory deprivation in geriatric patients.
AB  - Sensory deprivation speeds up the degenerative changes normally associated with
      aging and enhances the loss of functional cells in the central nervous system.
      Since it connotes reduction or absence of stimulation of the five senses, it
      involves the patient's physical activity, social relationships, intellectual
      status and overall "value system." Geriatric patients with various illnesses are
      particularly vulnerable to sensory deprivation, which becomes increasingly
      pronounced as physical or mental deterioration progresses. All cells require
      stimulation for continued growth and activity; lack of stimulation leads to
      atrophy, with secondary physical or psychosocial abnormalities. Depression acts
      as a negative reinforcement of stimuli, and anxiety acts as a blocking mechanism.
      The goal of rehabilitation is to maintain and strengthen the patient's social
      values and to preserve mental and physical motility. The recommended procedure
      involves assessment of medical, psychologic and social factors, and determination
      of whether organic disease is present. A specific treatment plan to meet the
      individualized needs of each patient is then established so as to minimize
      sensory deprivation and maximize physical and mental functioning. Re-evaluation
      (physical and psychologic) at regular intervals establishes a pattern not only
      for individual comparison but for comparison with results in untreated control
      groups.

PMID- 965677
TI  - Old-age emotions.
AB  - One hundred old people (age range 60-94 years) were studied with respect to the
      state of their emotions. The chief factors leading to emotional sterility were
      loneliness, retirement and decline in sensory and locomotory functions. Among the
      100 subjects, 60 were optimists and 40 were pessimists; most of the pessimists
      were lonely people. Suggestions are made for combating emotional "emptiness"
      before it leads to catastrophic mental impairment.

PMID- 965678
TI  - Upgrading services in the small extended care facility.
AB  - The Extended Care Facility (ECF) has become an important part of the community's
      provision of health care for the aged. Appropriate services must be available for
      long-term, intermediate, skilled, and short-term medical care. This report
      describes a small ECF (180 patients) rendering these needed services for the
      elderly. A limited operating budget, a shortage of physicians, and demand for an
      increase in the patient-load are some of the typical problems. In order that the
      important services can be rendered properly to the aged patients, participation
      by all the medical disciplines is essential. (The role of the Physical Therapy
      Department is discussed.) To upgrade services effectively, the interdisciplinary
      approach must involve a dual responsibility, i.e., the individual effort of the
      single discipline plus the group cooperative effort of all areas concerned.

PMID- 965679
TI  - Geriatric psycho-social history outline.
AB  - The details of a Geriatric Psycho-Social History Outline for use with the
      institutional aged are presented. All health care facilities require background
      information on the patient at the time of admission, but with long-term
      facilities a more comprehensive psycho-social history is needed. The Outline
      provides a basis for obtaining information in five categories: 1) identification
      (detailed, observational and attitudinal); 2) referral source; 3) background; 4)
      family constellation or environmental factors; and 5) finances. Its
      comprehensiveness requires more than one pre-admission interview. It is aimed at
      reducing morbidity and mortality rates following admission to long-term
      facilities. If the aged person becomes somewhat familiar with the institution
      before admission, he is less susceptible to accelerated physiologic and psycho
      social deterioration and death. Because of constant growth in the field of
      gerontology, new and improved instruments must be devised to help carry the load.
      The Geriatric Psycho-Social History Outline is for use as a guide to those who
      require such information if they are to function at maximum efficiency.

PMID- 965680
TI  - Doxorubicin (adriamycin) therapy of uterine sarcoma without surgery in an elderly
      patient.
AB  - A case is presented of primary endolymphatic stromal sarcoma of the uterus in a
      debilitated elderly patient. Surgical intervention was contraindicated. Radium
      therapy was unsuccessful. A 4-month course of treatment with doxorubicin
      (Adriamycin) resulted in disappearance of the tumor. The patient is living 19
      months after the beginning of Adriamycin therapy.

PMID- 965681
TI  - Antimicrobial properties of some mixed diesters of aliphatic diols.

PMID- 965682
TI  - Free radical addition of thiolacetic acid to esters and amides of unsaturated
      acids and screening of the products for antimicrobial activity.

PMID- 965684
TI  - "...Up to eight hours of relief!...".

PMID- 965683
TI  - Separation and determination of trace amounts of bacteriostats using a continuous
      distillation extraction apparatus.

PMID- 965685
TI  - Regulation of O-T-C drug advertising: the FDA "prescription".

PMID- 965686
TI  - The broadcaster view O-T-C advertising.

PMID- 965687
TI  - The pharmacist and television advertising.

PMID- 965688
TI  - Are magazine ads for O-T-C drugs based on fact?

PMID- 965689
TI  - Acute adult inflammatory pedal arthritis. a practical guide to diagnosis.

PMID- 965690
TI  - The clinical use of central depressant: muscle relaxants and tranquilizers in
      musculoskeletal disorders.

PMID- 965691
TI  - Ultrasound and some podiatric considerations.

PMID- 965692
TI  - Hallux sesamoids: a divided issue.

PMID- 965693
TI  - Malignant melanoma, sole of foot: a case report.

PMID- 965694
TI  - Fractured tibial sesamoids: a case report and clinical review.

PMID- 965695
TI  - Silicone orthodigita and shielding: Part II.

PMID- 965697
TI  - The short leg syndrome.

PMID- 965696
TI  - The National Library of Medicine.

PMID- 965698
TI  - Inaugural address.

PMID- 965699
TI  - The fate of the transference neurosis after termination of a satisfactory
      analysis.

PMID- 965700
TI  - Perverse development in a young boy.

PMID- 965701
TI  - Initiation fantasies and transvestitism.

PMID- 965702
TI  - Initiation fantasies and trasvestitism. Discussion.

PMID- 965703
TI  - Masochistic reactions in a latency-age girl.

PMID- 965704
TI  - Studies on the Malayan forest rat filaria, Breinlia booliati (Filarioidea:
      Onchocercidae): course of development in rat host.
AB  - The development of Breinlia booliati is described in its natural host, Rattus
      sabanus and in an inbred strain of laboratory albino rat. The growth of the
      parasite is similar in both the rat hosts. The third moult occurs between six
      eight days and the final moult between 24-28 days. Larvae were recovered
      initially from the skin and carcass. After five weeks, developing stages were
      seen only in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, the site of development of the
      adult worms. Worms became sexually mature by 11-12 weeks and there was
      considerable growth in length of the female worms after this stage.

PMID- 965705
TI  - Preliminary observations on the distribution, definitive hosts and possible
      relation with other schistosomes, of Schistosoma margrebowiei, Le Roux, 1933 and
      Schistosoma leiperi, Le Roux, 1955.
AB  - In attempting to define the south western limits of the distribution of
      Schistosoma margrebowiei and S. leiperi and investigating their apparent limited
      distribution in relation to their snail hosts it was found that there was little
      overlap in the distribution of S. margrebowiei and S. leiperi and that of the
      human parasites S. haematobium and S. mansoni, and no overlap with S. mattheei
      within the area surveyed. It is suggested that the presence of either or both
      lechwe schistosomes prevented the development of the human parasites and in
      addition, prevented the development of S. mattheei in certain areas inhabited or
      surrounded by certain Kobus spp. The restricted distribution of S. margrebowiei
      and S. leiperi was thought to be due to the restricted distribution of their main
      definitive hosts Kobus leche and K. vardoni; the poor host susceptibility of cat
      and possibly Syncerus caffer; and the likelihood of most other "common" game
      being unable to maintain the parasites indefinitely outside the confines of
      lechwe and puku distribution in southern Africa.

PMID- 965706
TI  - Observations on the life-cycle of the strigeoid trematode, Apatemon (Apatemon)
      gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Szidat, 1928.
AB  - The life-cycle of Apatemon (A.) gracilis was completed in the laboratory. The
      snail host is Lymnaea peregra (Muller). The cercaria is redescribed from a wide
      range of material. Metacercariae were found in naturally infected rainbow trout
      (Salmo gairdneri Richardson), three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus
      L.) and stone loach (Nemacheilus barbatulus (L.)) from Scotland and in three
      spined sticklebacks from Iceland. In trout, most metacercariae were found in the
      pericardial cavity, in sticklebacks, the eye, and in loach, the body cavity. In
      infection experiments, cercariae from naturally infected Scottish snails
      developed in three-spined sticklebacks, rainbow trout and brown trout (Salmo
      trutta L.). Under experimental conditions cercariae did not penetrate stone
      loach, although this species is naturally infected with A. gracilis. The
      phenomenon of fish host specificity is briefly discussed. Development of the
      metacercaria is described. Excystation of metacercarial cysts with pepsin and
      trypsin solutions is unlike that reported for any other digenean; the contents of
      the cyst appear to be under pressure. In pepsin, layers of the cyst wall peel
      back from one end. When transferred to trypsin, one pole of the cyst ruptures and
      the worm is forcibly expelled.

PMID- 965707
TI  - A demonstration of the presence of anti-snail antibodies in individuals infected
      with Schistosoma haematobium.
AB  - An extract of the snail Bulinus (Physopsis) africanus, the intermediate host of
      Schistosoma haematobium, was used as the antigen in haemagglutination tests in a
      survey of the prevalence of anti-snail antibodies in various population groups.
      It was found that sera from known bilharzia-infected individuals and randomly
      selected individuals from bilharzia endemic areas had significantly higher
      incidences as well as higher titres of antibodies to this snail antigen than non
      infected individuals and individuals from non-endemic areas.

PMID- 965708
TI  - The epidemiology of Echinococcus infection in Kuwait.
AB  - Infection of dogs with E. granulosus is recorded for the first time in the State
      of Kuwait and observations on 204 dogs from different suburbs showed an infection
      rate of 23.039%. Cattle, sheep, goats and camels killed for public consumption in
      the period 6th April to 6th May, 1975, in a slaughter house were inspected and
      the rate of infection with E. granulosus cysts was recorded. The possible methods
      of transmission from animals and dogs to man is discussed.

PMID- 965709
TI  - Developing protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus on the outer surface of the
      brood capsule, detected by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - By means of scanning electron microscopy, stalked protrusions were observed
      arising from the outer surface of intact brood capsules of Echinococcus
      granulosus. Histological studies showed these protrusions to be developing
      protoscoleces. However, complete development is not attained and the
      protoscoleces eventually die. It is suggested that external development is a
      result of overcrowding within the brood capsule.

PMID- 965710
TI  - The occurrence of Mesocestoides sp. in British wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes
      crucigera).
AB  - Infection with the cyclophyllidean tapeworm Mesocestoides sp. is recorded in
      British wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes cr-cigera) from Scotland and South East
      England. Previously, the occurence of this parasite in Great Britain has been
      rarely reported, but the results of the present study indicate that vulpine
      infection may be common.

PMID- 965711
TI  - Anopheles fluviatilis recorded as an experimental vector host of Wuchereria
      bancrofti.

PMID- 965712
TI  - Menziesia (Monogenea: Capsalidae), a new name for Parabenedenia Gibson, 1976, nec
      Johnston, 1929.

PMID- 965713
TI  - Extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors on myogenously de=innervated muscle
      fibers.

PMID- 965714
TI  - Cellular origin of urinary kallikreins.

PMID- 965715
TI  - Primary acid silver nitrate fixation of enterochromaffin and murine mast cells.

PMID- 965716
TI  - Selective histochemical localization of polysaccharides in tissue sections
      oxidized by acetic anhydride in dimethyl sulfoxide.
AB  - Oxidation of tissue sections by 25-30% (v/v) acetic anhydride (AA) in dimethyl
      sulfoxide (DMSO) resulted in facile induction of tissue carbonyls readily
      localized with Schiff's reagent and o-dianisidine but not with the 3-hydroxy-2
      naphthoic acid hydrazide-tetraazotized diorthoanisidine method. Carbonyls
      generated by AA-DMSO oxidation were confined predomintly to substrates containing
      pyranosides. Oxidized furanosides, as represented by deoxyribonucleic acid and
      ribonucleic acid, gave only a residual color reaction. The AA-DMSO method
      possesses an advantage in that the oxidation of tissue polysaccharides does not
      proceed beyond the formation of carbonyly and is particularly suited for use
      after formol fixation.

PMID- 965717
TI  - [Quantitative growth analysis of limbic nuclei areas fresh volume in diencephalon
      and mesencephalon of an albino mouse ontogenic series. I. Nucleus habenulare].
AB  - The fresh volumes of the Nucl. mediales et laterales habenulae of 52 male white
      mice aged between 17 and 60 days of ontogenesis have been determined. The data of
      both nuclei have been fitted by a sum of logistic functions. There is an
      increasing component and a decreasing component. The degree of maturity and its
      differential quotient have been discussed. The Nucl. medialis habenulae belongs
      to those structures of the central nervous system developing extremely early, the
      Nucl. lateralis habenulae belongs to those structures of the central nervous
      system developing extremely early, the Nucl. lateralis habenulae belongs to those
      structures developing early. It has been pointed out, that there is a complex
      heterochrony of regional development in the brain. There have to be more
      quantitative analyses.

PMID- 965718
TI  - [Quantitative growth analysis of limbic nuclei areas fresh volume in diencephalon
      and mesencephalon of an albino mouse ontogenic series. III. Nucleus interpe
      uncularis].
AB  - The fresh volume of the Nucl. interpeduncularis of 52 white mice aged between 17
      and 60 days of ontogenesis has been determined. The data have been fitted by the
      logistic function and the ideal volume (0.32 mm3) the half value time (21.6 days
      of ontogenesis) and the factor of enlargement (2.65) have been derived. The Nucl.
      interpeduncularis is one of the early and fast growing brain regions. The growth
      parameters of this nucleus have been discussed and have been compared with the
      parameters of other cortical and subcortical limbic brain regions.

PMID- 965719
TI  - [Morphometric-statistical structure analysis of human striatum, pallidum and
      nucleus su-thalamicus. III. Nucleus subthalamicus].
AB  - 1. A morphometric-statistical analysis of the subthalamic nucleus was carried out
      on 14 hemispheres of 12 normal human brains. 2. The values determined in paraffin
      embedded sections were corrected for shrinkage which showed considerable
      interindividual variation. 3. The mean fresh volume of the subthalamic nucleus
      amounted to 144 mm3 for males and 134 mm3 for females, the difference of 7% not
      being statistically significant. 4. In the medial part of the subthalamic nucleus
      the nerve cells were smaller and more closely grouped than in the lateral part
      which had larger nerve cells. The ratio of the volumes of the two parts was about
      1:4 (medial: lateral). 5. The nucleus subthalamicus occupied 0,027% of the volume
      of the hemisphere. 6. The numerical nerve cell densities -- corrected for
      shrinkage -- were 1970 +/- 145 nerve cells/mm3 for the lateral part and 2910 +/-
      310 nerve cells/mm3 for the medial part, this difference of 48 +/- 4% being
      highly significant. On the other hand, no difference between sexes could be
      shown. 7. The mean of the absolute number of nerve cells was 306000 for male and
      286000 for females, the difference of 7% not being significant. 8. The volumetric
      nerve cell densities were found to be 1.58 +/- 0.15 vol% lateral and 1.99 +/-
      0.16 vol% medial, the difference of 27% being significant. No differences between
      sexes were found. 9. The linear dimensions of the nerve cells of the medial part
      were about 10% smaller than those of the nerve cells of the lateral part. The
      mean fresh volume of a nerve cell was 8070 mum3 in the lateral portion and 6960
      mum3 in the medial portion, the nerve cells of pars lateralis being just as large
      as the nerve cells of the lateral segment of the pallidum (8100 mum3). 10. The
      parameters determined showed good correlations with corresponding data of the
      pallidum. The fresh volume and the absolute numbers of nerve cells of the nucleus
      subthalamicus were better correlated with the pallidum laterale than with the
      pallidum mediale.

PMID- 965720
TI  - The nuclei of the vestibular nerve of the red kangaroo, Megaleia rufus.
AB  - The preceeding account describes vestibular nuclei of the kangaroo which conform
      to the general mammalian pattern. Certain pecularities such as subdivisions of
      the medial vestibular nuclei are reported but cannot be assigned functional
      importance. The four major vestibular nuclei and the cerebellum receive
      vestibular root fibers in like manner as in other mammalian brains. The nuclear
      patterns and the secondary connections of the vestibular complex in the kangaroo
      are likewise consistent with those described in other mammals. This is so evident
      from the description of these regions in the kangaroo and the reports in the
      literature that the statement needs no further documentation. However, there are
      certain differences which are significant. Unusual size and/or differentiation of
      a center, together with an increase in the projection path arising from it, is
      often reflected in the behavioral patterns of the animal. Thus the lateral
      vestibular nucleus and the ventrolateral vestibulospinal tract are conspicuously
      large in the kangaroo in which the methods of locomotion and the manner in which
      he fights must require frequent orientation in space. It is obvious that the
      locomotion capabilities of the kangaroo are in large measure due to his well
      developed vestibular complex and its descending connection. Studies of the sort
      represented here, then, emphasize the specializations in certain systems and
      provide information with regard to the interrelations between the anatomic
      patterns and functional specilization in these systems. They also supplement our
      knowledge of the course of differentiation within the mammalian phylum. It is to
      be noticed that specialization at a given level may occur at any place in the
      evolutionary scale but cephalization is an indication of a relatively progressive
      development from lower to higher forms.

PMID- 965721
TI  - [Ventromedial field of human tuber cinereum. Mechanical morphometry].
AB  - A quantitative structural analysis of the ventromedial area of the human
      hypothalamus was performed using an automatic image analysing computer. We
      divided the ventromedial area into two nuclei, nucleus ventromedialis (N. vm.)
      and nucleus infundibularis (N. inf.). N. vm. was studied in 6 cases, N. inf. in 7
      cases. The following findings were obtained: 1. No significant differences of
      cell population became apparent between the left and right sides of both nuclei.
      Aside from a female case above 80 years of age, so far, no correlation with
      cellular distribution of age and sex, respectively, could be established. 2. In
      N. vm. the distribution of large and small nerve cells depends on the region
      within this nucleus. Small nerve cells appear more frequent in the medial region
      than in the central and in the lateral regions. On the other hand, significant
      distributional differences of nerve cells in the dorsal, central, and basal
      regions as well as in oro-caudal direction are absent. Data of individual cases
      and their mean value are conforming. Cell density (cell number/volume) does not
      show any regional dependence both in the frontal plane and in the oro-caudal
      direction; it amounts to approximately 170/mum3 in the entire nucleus. 3. In the
      frontal plane plane N. inf. does not disclose marked regional differences of cell
      population. Large neurons are slightly more frequent in the basal-medial region
      as compared to the dorsal region. An 81-year-old woman displayed a conspicuous
      increase of large nerve cells in the basal and centrolateral regions, obviously
      hypertrophy of the potential "subventricular nucleus" as described by SHEEHAN and
      KOVACS, which is, in our opinion, a part of the N. inf. In young subjects (below
      the age of 40 years) the frequency of large nerve cells decreases in oro-caudal
      direction. Identical cell populations suggest that the cuadal end of N. inf.
      extends to the floor of the mammillary recessus. Cell density in the frontal
      plane appears higher in the centrolateral region (230/mum3) compared to the
      dorsal and basal regions (190-200/mum3). Cell density increases in oro-caudal
      extent; it decreases, however, in the most caudal part.

PMID- 965722
TI  - [Conditioning and synapse density. Morphometry of stratum lacunosum-moleculare of
      rat hippocampal CA1-region].
AB  - Male albino rats aged 13 weeks experienced a single training for bright -- dark
      discrimination in a Y-chamber. The numerical density of synapses determined in
      the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampal area CA1 24 hours later
      turned out to be lower by 3.4 per cent with trained animals compared to passive
      controls. This difference failed, however, to prove significant.

PMID- 965723
TI  - Distribution and organization of spino-reticular afferents in the brain stem of
      rat.
AB  - The spino-reticular projection was studied, using the silver impregnation method
      according to NAUTA in 15 rats with various lesions in the spinal cord. The brains
      were cut in frontal, sagittal or horizontal sections. Two bundles were found
      projecting from the spinal cord into the reticular formation: The dorso-medial
      bundle contains independent spino-reticular fibres which terminate in the nucleus
      reticularis lateralis and in the medial nuclei of the reticular formation of the
      rhombencephalon (this bundle is topographically organized). The spino-reticular
      projection to the mesencephalon runs separately in the ventro-lateral bundle,
      which is a complex of spino-cerebellar, spino-tectal and spino-thalamic pathways.
      The spino-reticular projection to the mesencephalon is is diffuse and has no sign
      of organization as opposed to the dorso-medial spino-reticular tract.

PMID- 965724
TI  - An attempt at determining the origin of the reticulo-spinal tract in the rat.
AB  - A search was made for retrograde changes in the cells of the reticular formation
      of the rhombencephalon and mesencephalon in 26 rats aged 7 to 32 days after
      lesions in different spinal cord segments with survival periods of 3 to 14 days.
      No retrograde changes were found in any of the animals. Negative results yieled
      by the method of retrograde degeneration appeared to show that the main mass of
      the axoplasm of the reticular cells in the rat aimed to other brain stem
      structures or in the ascending direction.

PMID- 965725
TI  - [Quantitative study of primitive pyramidal cells in rat anterior cingular
      cortex].
AB  - In the present paper the primitive pyramidal cells of the Vthlayer of the
      anterior cingulate cortex in adult male white rats were analyzed quantitatively
      and compared statisticaly with large pyramidal cells of the same region. The
      number of dendrites, the total lengths of dendrites, the number of spines and the
      density of spines -- according to the order of dendrites -- show similarity
      between the primitive pyramidal cells and the large pyramidal cells the latter
      one exhibit the higher values. The curves of distribution of the various density
      of spines along the apical main dendrite of both cell types are similar in shape,
      too. The lengths of the dendritic fields and their basal spines-values are
      without significant distinction for both cell types, however there are more
      dendritic fields in large pyramidal cells. Refered to a complete pyramidal neuron
      they can say: there are significantly higher values in large pyramidal cells for
      the number of dendrites and their total lengths, the total number of spines, the
      number of branching sites sites and free endings. However the density of spines
      of the complete neuron has no significant differences between primitive and large
      pyramidal cells.

PMID- 965726
TI  - [Quantitative study of dendritic tree of large (regular) pyramidal cells of
      lamina V in rat anterior cingular cortex].
AB  - At three month old male rats the dendritic trees of 36 large pyramidal cells in
      the Vth layer of the anterior cingulate cortex were analyzed quantitatively by
      means of the Golgi-Kopsch method. 12 pyramidal cells were localized at the medial
      border of the regio praecentralis (neocortex), 12 cells were localized in the
      adjacent mesoarchicortex, 12 cells were localized in the mesoarchicortex, which
      are three subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex. By means of a varianz
      analysis the values of the three subregions were compared, in order to verify a
      supposed gradient of differentiation. 1. In the three subregions basal the number
      and the branching behaviour of the dendrites are greater than apical. The
      pyramidal cells of the neocortex and of the mesoneocortex have significantly more
      basal dendrites of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th order than those of the
      mesoarchocortex. There are significantly more apical dendrites of the 1st and 2nd
      order at pyramidal cells of the neocortex compared with the two other subregions.
      2. The total lengths of the dendritic branches are in proportion to the dendritic
      numbers of the corresponding orders. There are following tendencies for the three
      subregions: the number and length of apical dendrites decrease with the
      increasing number of order, basally, however, the number and length first
      increase and than decrease. 3. The total length of all basal dendrites of a
      pyramidal cell is largest in the mesoneocortex, than follows the neocortex, least
      values they find in the mesoarchicortex. There are significant differences
      between every one of the three subregions. The values of the total dendritic tree
      of a pyramidal cell (total dendritic length, total number of dendrites, volume of
      the dendritic tree, number of branching sites and free endings, total apical
      dendritic length) show significant differences between neocortex and
      mesoarchicortex as well as between mesoneocortex and mesoarchicortex. There are
      no significant differences between noecortex and mesoneocortex. The values of the
      total dendritic tree demonstrate that neocortex and mesoneocortex have a similar
      organization, while the lamina V-pyramidal cells of the mesoarchicortex indicate
      a significantly smaller and less branched dendritic tree.

PMID- 965727
TI  - Capillary migration inhibition test: permanent slide preparations of migration
      patterns.

PMID- 965728
TI  - Enhanced E- and EAC-rosette formation by neuraminidase.
AB  - Pre-treatment by neuraminidase of lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of
      normal donors significantly enhanced E- and EAC-rosette formation. Of other
      lymphoid cells only spleen cells showed significant enhancement of E-rosettes.
      The EAC-rosettes slightly increased when the peripheral blood lymphocytes from
      patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
      MOLT-4 lymphoid cells were pre-treated with this enzyme. The EAC-rosettes were
      not increased by neuraminidase treatment of phytohemagglutinin-induced blasts,
      thymus cells or spleen cells. Pre-treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes with
      neuraminidase also increased the proportion of stable E-rosettes resistant to
      incubation at 37 degrees C and to vigorous shaking. Various concentrations of
      neuraminidase (1-100 U/ml) produced enhancement of E- and EAC-rosettes with the
      highest activity at 25 and 50 U/ml. Neuraminidase treatment of sheep red blood
      cells failed to increase the proportion of E-rosettes of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes. The increased rosette forming capacity induced by neuraminidase is
      probably related to changes in lymphocyte surface properties.

PMID- 965729
TI  - A method for tissue extraction and determination of prostate concentrations of
      endogenous androgens by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A method for simultaneously determining concentrations of major androgens in
      prostate has been developed. Extraction techniques used to isolate the androgens
      from minced tissue include homogenization with high-speed blades in Delsal's
      solvent mixture, adsorption to silica gel, followed by column and one thin-layer
      chromatography (TLC). Radioimmunoassays (RIA) of small aliquots of TLC eluates
      are used to quantitate picogram amounts of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and
      5alpha-androstanediols (Diol) and to estimate testosterone (T) and
      androstenedione (Ad). Contamination of blanks was reduced to RIA sensitivity
      limits primarily by treatment of glassware in a self-cleaning oven. The
      specificity of the method for each androgen was established by TLC separations of
      known prostate metabolites, antisera specificities, and parallelism of sample
      aliquots to androgen RIA standards. The overall precision, in terms of
      coefficients of variation, was 21% for DHT and 24% for Diol. T and Ad could not
      be measured with acceptable precision because their very low concentrations in
      prostate (less than or equal 0.5 ng/g tissue) were less than RIA sensitivity
      limits. Accuracy studies indicated recoveries ranging from 96% for Diol to 121%
      for DHT. In human benign hypertrophic prostate tissue, DHT averaged 153 ng/g
      soluble protein (5.8 ng/g tissue) which was 17 times higher than values obtained
      in human spleen and kidney; Diol in prostate showed no consistent differences
      from values noted in kidney or spleen.

PMID- 965730
TI  - Use and abuse of sepharose-conjugated antibodies for the isolation of lymphocyte
      surface immunoglobulins.
AB  - Immunoadsorbents of Sepharose-4B-conjugated antibodies were shown to be suitable
      for the characterization, by subsequent SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      of splenocyte-membrane Immunoglobulin (Ig) solubilized by detergent lysis of
      surface 125I-labelled cells. However, high non-specific binding of 125I-labelled
      lymphocyte-membrane components to Sepharose-4B prevented accurate quantition of
      Ig in such lysates. 125I-labelled lymphocyte-membrane components solubilized by
      metabolic release also showed high non-specific binding to Sepharose-4B, and this
      interfered with both quantitative and qualitative analysis of Ig solubilized in
      this manner. Initial attempts to overcome the nonspecific binding of 125I
      labelled lymphocyte-membrane components to Sepharose-4B were unsuccessful, and
      attention is drawn to the technical problems of using Sepharose-4B as a matrix
      for solid-phase immunoadsorbent studies of lymphocyte-membrane Ig.

PMID- 965731
TI  - Isolation of high numbers of lymphoid cells from single lymph nodes from the rat.

PMID- 965732
TI  - Acridine orange fluorescence cytochemistry for detecting lymphocyte
      immunoreactivity.
AB  - Acridine orange staining reveals changes within 3 hours of in vitro stimulation
      of normal rat lymphocytes with mitogens, and of immune rat lymphocytes with the
      sensitizing antigen. An increased number of red fluorescent cytoplasmic
      organelles, presumably lysosomes are seen by fluorescence microscopy. Fluorimetry
      of the supernatants from stained cell suspensions suggests an overall decreased
      cell uptake of the dye. The microscopy and fluorimetry detected early events in
      the reaction of lymphocytes from tumour-bearing rats with the target tumour
      cells. It would appear that the changes in intracellular behaviour of the dye and
      in overall cell uptake after immune stimulation are a reflection of dissociated
      variations in internal and external cell membrane permeability, and may provide
      simple general means for recognizing cellular immune reactions.

PMID- 965733
TI  - Rapid, safe and simple method for grafting whole thymus in the mouse.
AB  - A rapid, safe and simple method is presented for obtaining and grafting whole
      neonatal thymuses in mice. No anesthesia, sutures or incisions are required for
      implantation. The grafting technique involves no special skills except the
      ability to inject mice subcutaneously. Thymuses grafted by the method described
      show normal architecture, survive lethal irradiation and bone marrow
      reconstitution, repopulate thymic dependent areas of peripheral lymphoid organs
      and restore normal inflammatory cell responses to thymic deprived mice.

PMID- 965734
TI  - Extranodal malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 965735
TI  - Hydatid disease of the lung.

PMID- 965736
TI  - Arrhythmias in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 965737
TI  - The problems of medicare in India.

PMID- 965738
TI  - Blood--the life line of humanity.

PMID- 965739
TI  - Passive transfer of immunity in leprosy patients by transfusion of lymphocytes
      from lepromin positive healthy donors.

PMID- 965740
TI  - Thrombo-angiitis obliterans.

PMID- 965741
TI  - Total shoulder replacement (a preliminary report).

PMID- 965742
TI  - Blood cholesterol and serum magnesium in health and ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 965743
TI  - Evaluation of suprascrotal vasectomy.

PMID- 965744
TI  - Intradural lipoma.

PMID- 965745
TI  - Metastasis in callus.

PMID- 965746
TI  - Ochronotic arthritis.

PMID- 965748
TI  - Population control and medical students.

PMID- 965747
TI  - Proximal phocomelia right lower limb.

PMID- 965749
TI  - Welcome address.

PMID- 965750
TI  - Presidential address.

PMID- 965751
TI  - Inaugural address at the Scientific Session.

PMID- 965752
TI  - Urethral calculi in children.

PMID- 965753
TI  - Treatment of chyluria with clofibrate (preliminary observation).

PMID- 965755
TI  - Ewing's sarcoma.

PMID- 965754
TI  - Neurological complications in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 965756
TI  - Obstructed paraduodenal hernia in adults.

PMID- 965757
TI  - Editorial: Prevention of blindness.

PMID- 965758
TI  - Passive transfer of immunity in lepromatous leprosy patients by Lawrence's
      transfer factor.

PMID- 965759
TI  - Anabolic steroid (methandienone) in corneal ulcers.

PMID- 965760
TI  - Diagnosis and management of acute renal failure (acute uraemia).

PMID- 965761
TI  - Heller's operation with vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the management of achalasia
      of the cardia.

PMID- 965762
TI  - Corrosive stricture of the stomach.

PMID- 965763
TI  - Penile agenesis.

PMID- 965764
TI  - Medical social work.

PMID- 965765
TI  - Enzymatic conversion of human group O red cells into Group B active cells by
      alpha-D-galactosyltransferases of sera and salivas from group B and its variant
      types.
AB  - Salivas from group B secretor or non-secretor, acting on O red cells in the
      presence of UDP-galactose, each converted them into B cells, which were
      agglutinated against anti-B human serum (1:512) at the titre of thirty-two-fold,
      while secretor or non-secretor group AB salivas converted O red cells into B
      active cells, which were agglutinated by anti-B human serum (1:512) at the titre
      of eight- to sixteen-fold. The results indicate that the alpha
      galactosyltransferases which participate in the biosynthesis of group B substance
      are secreted in group B or AB salivas of both secretor and non-secretor types as
      well as in their sera. Agglutinabilities of enzymatically converted B-active red
      cells against anti-B human serum indicate that alpha-galactosyltransferase
      activities of both serum and saliva from a weak B (Bw) individual, who has weak B
      antigens in red cells and saliva, were lower than those of normal group B. The
      alpha-galactosyltransferase activities in group Bm sera were lower than those of
      normal group B, while the enzyme activities in salivas of group Bm were
      demonstrated to the same degree in normal group B salivas.

PMID- 965766
TI  - Anti-B activity of a lectin coexistent with blood group H-like substance in seeds
      of Euonymus sieboldiana.
AB  - Euonymus Sieboldiana seeds possess a lectin for human erythrocytes with anti-B
      specificity. Lectin fractions with strong agglutinating activity were separated
      by ammonium sulphate precipitation from blood group H-like substance, which is
      coexistent in the same seeds. The lectin has properties resembling a complete
      agglutinin, being non-dialysable, inactivated by heat treatment at 70 degrees C
      and specific for D-galactoside.

PMID- 965767
TI  - Linkage relationships of the loci of the major histocompatibility complex in
      families with a recombination in the HLA region.
AB  - A number of families with an established recombination in the major
      histocompatibility complex has been investigated for markers known to be coded by
      genes of this linkage group. The results provide further data on the relative
      position of the loci for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-D, Bf, Chido, Rodgers and PGM3
      on chromosome 6. A positive lodscore for linkage between HLA and blood group P
      was found; lodscores between HLA and nineteen other markers were negative.

PMID- 965768
TI  - Genetic control of the immune response to ferritin in mice.
AB  - The immune response to the antigen horse spleen ferritin was tested in sixteen
      inbred strains of mice. Using a fixed antigen percentage  bound isotope
      technique, it was found that the quantity of antibody produced was related to the
      genetic status of the responding animal. A continuous distribution of responses
      was obtained, which were found to be linked to H-2 loci and the 2 non-H-2 loci
      'Tla' and 'Theta' and these responses are detectable following primary
      immunization. It is suggested that the continuous distribution of quantitative
      antibody responses to ferritin, is compatible either with a large number of IR
      genes or with a cross tolerance hypothesis requiring no IR-genes at all.

PMID- 965769
TI  - Short communication structure of 'natural antibodies' in lower vertebrates.
AB  - 'Natural' antibodies are generally believed to possess solely 2H-2L
      immunoglobulin structure. They have many disulphide bonds, the structural
      importance of which is not yet understood. However, some natural
      heterohaemagglutinins in the sera of some lower vertebrates (eel, shark, perhaps
      also trout and toad) are subunit proteins; the subunits are held together not by
      disulphide bonds but solely by non-covalent interactions like animal lectins. The
      relevance of these findings for immunophylogeny is discussed.

PMID- 965770
TI  - Incidence of a weak HL-A W27 antigen in a Czech family.
AB  - In two members of a Czech family a weak W 27 antigen was found. The lymphocytes
      of the two individuals showed an identical positive cytotoxic reaction only with
      some sera having anti-W 27 specificity; anti-W 27 of both the said sera and those
      showing negative cytotoxic test was absorbed by the lymphocytes. The thrombocyte
      absorption capacity was substantially poorer.

PMID- 965771
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormality by amniocentesis.

PMID- 965772
TI  - Fatal group B streptococcal septicemia in newborn twins.

PMID- 965773
TI  - Storage of nutriments by adult female Glossina morsitans and their transfer to
      the intra-uterine larva.

PMID- 965774
TI  - Neuroendocrine control of moulting cycle in mealworms: bioassay of moulting
      hormone.

PMID- 965775
TI  - Close apposition of photoreceptor cell axons in the house fly.

PMID- 965776
TI  - The initiation of adult development in Sarcophaga argyrostoma by beta-ecdysone.

PMID- 965777
TI  - An approach to the study of neural activity during behaviour in insects.

PMID- 965778
TI  - Effects of Weismann ring gland on RNA synthesis in imaginal wing disks of
      Calliphora erythrocephala.

PMID- 965779
TI  - Possible role in uptake of water vapour by ixodid tick salivary glands.

PMID- 965780
TI  - Neurosecretory activity as related to feeding, mating, and oogenesis in the
      female cave tick, Ornithodoros tholozani.

PMID- 965781
TI  - Effect of host infection with Plasmodium gallinaceum on the reproductive capacity
      of Aedes aegypti.

PMID- 965782
TI  - Observations on the basal follicle numbers developed per female of two strains of
      Aedes aegypti after being fed on hosts with different levels of microfilariae of
      Brugia pahangi.

PMID- 965783
TI  - Bactericidal activity of hemolymph from the horseshoe crab. Limulus polyphemus.

PMID- 965784
TI  - Comparative mortality studies on Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Pulmonata)
      exposed to copper internally and externally.

PMID- 965785
TI  - The structure of normal skin and the morphology of atopic eczema.

PMID- 965786
TI  - Immunopathology and pathogenesis of cutaneous involvement in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 965787
TI  - Morphology of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in man.
AB  - The new morphologic findings reviewed here substantially alter prevalent
      conceptions of delayed hypersensitivity as a simple cutaneous infiltration of
      lymphocytes and macrophages. By assigning an integral role of basophils, mast
      cells, the microvasculature, and the clotting system, the findings have far
      reaching implications for an understanding of these clinically important
      reactions. Morphologic observations, of course, represent only a first step, a
      foundation on which subsequent immunologic, physiologic, and biochemical
      experiments can build. Much further work will be required to interrelate these
      new findings and to integrate them with older observations into a coherent
      sequence of events which can explain the pathogenesis of cell-mediated reactions.
      A preliminary attempt in this direction, based on present, rather incomplete
      information, is presented in Figure 8 as a basis for further investigation.

PMID- 965788
TI  - The nature of transfer factor and its clinical efficacy in the management of
      cutaneous disorders.

PMID- 965789
TI  - Another look at pediatric urologic evaluation.

PMID- 965790
TI  - Histographic surgery for cutaneous malignancy.

PMID- 965791
TI  - Bartter's syndrome: a metabolic study.

PMID- 965792
TI  - Massive liver hemorrhage: hepatic artery ligation.

PMID- 965793
TI  - Pseudo-obstruction of colon: resolution following paracentesis.

PMID- 965794
TI  - Hypertension detection: screening and followup.

PMID- 965795
TI  - Perinatal care: regionalization in Kansas.

PMID- 965796
TI  - Alcohol rehabilitation: the V A Wichita outpatient and aftercare effort.

PMID- 965797
TI  - Meigs' syndrome.

PMID- 965798
TI  - Familial Raynaud's disease.

PMID- 965799
TI  - A newborn with urinary tract malformation: exstrophy of the bladder.

PMID- 965800
TI  - Emergency medical service: categorization of hospitals.

PMID- 965801
TI  - Hyperthyroidism: an experience with 245 patients treated by thyroidectomy.

PMID- 965802
TI  - Self-inflicted crossbow arrow injury of the abdomen.

PMID- 965803
TI  - The asymptomatic breast mass: diagnostic evaluation.

PMID- 965804
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month. Chaos in the heart.

PMID- 965805
TI  - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and pregnancy: report of a case in a Negro.

PMID- 965806
TI  - Medical accountability and medical education.

PMID- 965807
TI  - Erythropoiesis in chronic renal disease.
AB  - The diminished erythropoiesis in the anemia of chronic renal disease has been
      attributed to three possible factors: (1) decreased erythropoietin production,
      (2) inhibition of erythropoietin activity, and (3) decreased bone marrow response
      to erythropoietin. In this report we isolated and evaluated these parameters in
      19 patients with chronic renal disease, nine patients with iron-deficiency
      anemia, and seven control subjects. The results in patients with chronic renal
      failure were as follows: (1) erythropoietin enhanced heme synthesis in bone
      marrow cell cultures by 88 +/- 12 per cent in renal failure, as compared to 65 +/
      7 per cent in the control group; (2) plasma erythropoietin activity did not
      increase appropriately for the degree of anemia; and (3) erythropoietin inhibitor
      activity in renal failure was not greater than in a control group. In conclusion,
      the relative failure of erythropoiesis in chronic renal disease appears to be due
      primarily to decreased production of erythropoietin and not to diminished marrow
      response to erythropoietin.

PMID- 965808
TI  - Coagulation factor XIII concentration in sickle-cell disease.
AB  - Plasma factor XIII was assayed serially for a 1 1/2 to 2 year period in four
      patients with sickle-cell disease (SSD), during which several episodes of SSD
      crisis were observed. During crisis-free periods, plasma factor XIII
      concentration was lower than in normal subjects. With crisis onset, there was
      usually a concomitant fall in platelets and in plasma factor XIII soon after
      followed by a rise in fibrinogen concentration and platelet count. Following
      crisis resolution there was an increase in plasma factor XIII concentration
      peaking 3 weeks after crisis onset and occurring at the time of subsidence of
      thrombocytosis. It is suggested that the observed changes in plasma factor XIII
      concentration in SSD patients support the hypothesis that in the early stage of
      SSD crisis, fibrin deposition and/or thrombosis significantly enhance the role of
      sickled erythrocytes in producing vascular occlusion and/or organ infarction.

PMID- 965809
TI  - The erythropoietin response to the anemia of thermal injury.
AB  - Erythropoietin excretion was persistently increased following major thermal
      injury in 4 of 5 patients. A good correlation was found between erythropoietin
      excretion and red cell mass but not between erythropoietin excretion and
      hematocrit. In spite of the increased erythropoietin, erythropoiesis in these
      thermally injured patients was inadequate to compensate for erythrocyte deficits
      as judged by bone marrow morphology, reticulocyte counts, and transfusion
      requirements.

PMID- 965810
TI  - Effects of ultrafiltration on solute clearances in hollow fiber artificial
      kidneys.
AB  - Although solute clearances in artificial kidney coils increase with
      ultrafiltration (UF), we have previously shown that increases are usually less
      than UF rate (most likely because of decreases in diffusive transport with UF
      coils and, for larger solutes, molecular sieving). The present studies
      demonstrate the effects of UF on clearances of Na and bromsulphalein (BSP) (mol.
      wt. 838) in hollow fiber dialyzers. Clearances were measured at increasing
      transmembrane hydrostatic pressures at perfusion rates of 200 and 500 ml. per
      minute. Fractions of total clearance attributable to diffusion as compared to
      solvent drag forces were calculated. Sieving coefficients were determined in
      studies where diffusion was minimized and clearance was primarily by solvent
      drag. Clearance increases were less than UF rate only for BSP; molecular sieving
      most likely accounts for the difference at high perfusion rates. Only at 200 ml.
      per minute was slight decrease of diffusion with UF suggested. Thus, in contrast
      to coils, there is minimal or no decrease in diffusion with UF in hollow fiber
      dialyzers.

PMID- 965811
TI  - Evidence for cell-mediated immunity to collagen in progressive systemic
      sclerosis.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes from 12 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis
      and from 12 normal subjects were cultured in the presence of human skin collagen,
      lathryritic chick skin collagen, and alpha-chains from chick skin collagen.
      Leukocytes from 11 of the patients produced a factor chemotactic for human
      monocytes when cultured with the collagen preparations. The one patient whose
      cells did not respond to the collagen preparations also failed to respond to
      other common antigens and was apparently anergic. In addition, lymphocytes from
      three of the patients were found to transform when cultured with the collagen
      preparations. These responses were significantly different from the response of
      leukocytes from normal control subjects. The data suggest that patients with
      progressive systemic sclerosis may have cellular immunity to collagen.

PMID- 965812
TI  - A simple and precise method of determining true sodium, potassium, and chloride
      concentrations in hyperlipemia.
AB  - Sodium, potassium, and chloride levels are artifactually depressed in
      hyperlipemic sera. Accurate electrolyte levels are needed for management of
      patients with hyperlipemia, but present methods for correcting the values (serum
      water and/or osmolality determinations) either are technically cumbersome or fail
      to provide accurate data to correct the falsely low levels. Alternatively, to
      determine true sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations in hyperlipemic
      sera, only the required electrolyte values and the triglycerides are measured.
      The percentage by which the measured electrolyte levels in the hyperlipemic
      sample must be increased to approximate the true values is given by the following
      equation: per cent increase = 2.1 X triglycerides (Gm./dl.) - 0.6.

PMID- 965813
TI  - Report from KMA Cancer Committee--new and unproven methods of cancer treatment -
      "laetrile".

PMID- 965814
TI  - The successful management of recurring wintertime upper respiratory illnesses in
      children.

PMID- 965816
TI  - American College of Radiology Commission on Cancer interim statement on breast
      cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 965815
TI  - Bacterial meningitis: a review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

PMID- 965817
TI  - Mammography: risk-benefit considerations in breast cancer detection.

PMID- 965818
TI  - Renal carcinoma-experience at the University of Louisville hospitals.

PMID- 965819
TI  - Meniere's disease in childhood.
AB  - Two cases of Meniere's disease in childhood were found during one year from 850
      examinations of children. The clinical and audiological findings are similar to
      those seen in adults.

PMID- 965820
TI  - Vestibular nerve section for Meniere's disease.
AB  - In summary: (i) the fact that VNS spares auditory function makes it preferable to
      labyrinthectomy. A comparison of VNS and the "conservative" operations on the
      inner ear shown that they have much the same effect on hearing. VNS by
      controlling vertigo may also provide an additional benefit by eliminating one of
      the stress factors concerned in the perpetuation of hydrops; (2) in the treatment
      of vertigo, VNS is now the most effective method of treatment. Because of
      elimination of vertigo is what chiefly concerns most of our patients, we suggest
      that when medical treatment fails to control vertigo, VNS is the surgical method
      of choice.

PMID- 965821
TI  - Destruction of the endolymphatic sac in the cat.
AB  - The endolymphatic duct and sac were destroyed by drilling in a cat that was
      sacrificied after 2 3/4 years. Histological examination of the temporal bones
      showed marked endolymphatic hydrops; degeneration of the stria vascularis in the
      upper coil; degeneration of the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion in the upper
      and middle coils; and degeneration of the macula of the saccule. It is probable
      that, in some cases at least, the primary pathology of Meniere's disease is in
      the endolymphatic sac.

PMID- 965822
TI  - The tympanic membrane/ossicular chain Block implant - early impression.
AB  - Twenty-six tympanic membrane-ossicular chain implants have been used during a
      twelve-month period in the reconstruction of middle ears which had been affected
      by tympanosclerosis, inflammatory processes and cholesteatoma. The results which
      have been achieved, both from the point of view of anatomy and function, are
      presented and changes observed in the post-operative period are described. It is
      suggested that alternative methods of preservation of these grafts and
      modifications in technique may give more consistent results.

PMID- 965823
TI  - The effect of early syphilis on the inner ear and auditory nerves.

PMID- 965824
TI  - Apparatus for electro-oculography.

PMID- 965825
TI  - Rhinoentomophthoromycosis.
AB  - A rare case of Rhinophycomycosis entomophthora treated with a combination of
      Bacterium, potassium iodide and steroid is reported. Clinical features,
      epidemiology, mycology, and management are discussed.

PMID- 965826
TI  - E.N.T. complications in thalassaemia major.
AB  - Twenty-six cases of thalassaemia major have been investigated for E.N.T.
      complications. Twelve (46 percent) had significantly problems requiring surgery.
      Since the prognosis of the disease is improving dramatically, these patients
      should not be denied treatment. bony hypertrophy of the turbinates was a
      noticeable feature in the untreated group and does not seem to have been
      described before.

PMID- 965827
TI  - Failure to thrive.
AB  - We report a case of a "butterfly" nut removed successfully from the oesophagus of
      a 1-year-old baby. This foreign body was thought to have been present for three
      months. Continuous cough, feeding difficulty and weight loss were the predominant
      clinical features. The value of a chest X-ray is demonstrated.

PMID- 965828
TI  - A simple technique of photography with the operating microscope.

PMID- 965829
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis: a multi-system disease confirmed with scanning electron
      microscopy of the jejunum.

PMID- 965830
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes during lithium therapy.

PMID- 965831
TI  - Villous adenoma of the rectum associated with severe electrolyte imbalance.

PMID- 965832
TI  - Pulmonary rehabilitation.

PMID- 965833
TI  - The plaster cast for Colles' fracture.

PMID- 965834
TI  - Hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage.

PMID- 965835
TI  - Rural medicine: coronary care.

PMID- 965836
TI  - The financial physical.

PMID- 965837
TI  - Syphilis - CDC recommended treatment schedules, 1976: the following
      recommendations were established by the Veneral Disease Control Advisory Committe
      after deliberation with therapy experts.

PMID- 965838
TI  - Clinical use of oral hypoglycemic agents - 1976.

PMID- 965839
TI  - The absolute rate of fatty acid synthesis by mammary gland slices from lactating
      rats.
AB  - Mammary gland utilizes a combination of substrates in vivo. To determine if and
      how the substrates presented to the gland alter milk fat synthesis, slices of
      mammary gland of lactating rats were incubated with combinations of glucose, L
      lactate, and pyruvate. Uptakes and conversions of uniformly and specifically
      labeled substrates to CO2 and fatty acid were measured. The absolute rate of
      fatty acid synthesis was measured by incoporation of tritium from tritiated water
      into fatty acid. The extent, but not the type, of fatty acids synthesized was
      affected by the substrates utilized. Glucose stimulated uptake and conversion to
      fatty acid of l-lactate and, to a smaller extent, of pyruvate. Analysis of CO2
      and fatty acid yields revealed that (a) the major stimulatory effect of glucose
      was on the conversion of acetyl coenyzme A from other substrates to fatty acid;
      (b) the rate of fatty acid synthesis paralleled the activity of the hexose
      monophosphate pathway up to a point. A likely source of the NADPH required beyond
      this point is provided by oxidation of malate to pyruvate. Reduction of NADH of
      oxaloacetate, produced during citrate cleavage, would yield malate. Hence,
      maximal synthesis would require production of NADPH and NADH, a condition met
      when glucose and L-lactate were substrates. Decreased fatty acids synthesis in
      pyruvate's presence supports this suggested requirement for cytosolic NADH in rat
      mammary gland.

PMID- 965840
TI  - C26-Analogs of naturally occurring C27 bile alcohols.
AB  - C26 Bile of the 24-nor-5beta-cholestane series were prepared starting from methyl
      cholate. A Grignard reaction of methyl magnesium iodide with methyl cholate
      yielded 24-nor-5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha, 25-tetrol which was
      dehydrated TO FORM a mixture of 24-nor-5beta-cholest-23-ene-3alpha, 7alpha, 12
      alpha-triol and the corresponding delta25 compound. Oxidation of the former with
      OsO4 yielded 24-nor-5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha, 23epsilon,
      25pentol, while catalytic hydrogenation of a mixture of the delta23 and delta25
      triols resulted in the formation of 24-nor-5beta-cholestane-3-alpha-, 7alpha
      12alpha-triol. The structures of these new compounds were confirmed by infrared
      and nuclear megnetic resonance spectrometry and by gas-liquid chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 965841
TI  - Interactions of pancreatic lipase with bile salts and dodecyl sulfate.
AB  - Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) binds to pancreatic lipase in a cooperative manner
      up to about 200 moles/mole of protein. This binding in a rapid and irreversible
      inactivation of lipase. Bile salts under certain conditions prevent SDS
      inactivation of lipase when both detergents are present together. Under these
      conditions bile salts also prevent the binding of SDS to lipase. This effect is
      parallel to and probably mediated by a decrease in the SDS monomer concentration
      as the result of the formation of mixed bile salt-SDS micelles.

PMID- 965842
TI  - Factors affecting fatty acid oxidation in fat cells isolated from rat white
      adipose tissue.
AB  - Fat cells isolated from rat epididymal adipose tissue were incubated with albumin
      bound [14C]palmitate. Incorporation of 14C into 14CO2 and glycerides was
      measured. Some evidence is presented to suggest that the exogenous palmitate pool
      is in isotopic equilibrium with intracellular precursors for these metabolic
      processes. Precautions were taken to minimize dilution of the exogenous palmitate
      pool by fatty acids released from the cells. 14CO2 production from [1
      14C]palmitate was 3 times that from [16-14C]palmitate. Octanoate increased this
      differential oxidation of palmitate carbons and also inhibited palmitate
      oxidation without similarly affecting esterification. Glucose increases palmitate
      esterification in cells from fed or starved rats. Insulin potentiated this effect
      of glucose. Glucose influenced palmitate oxidation in a more complex manner,
      dependent upon the glucose concentration. Both the observation that
      esterification constitutes 99% of the metabolic flux of fatty acid and the manner
      in which glucose, insulin, or starvation influence palmitate esterification and
      oxidation suggested that factors controlling esterification may alter oxidation
      as a secondary effect, but not vice versa. It is suggested that oxidation and
      esterification compete for a single intracellular precursor, possibly
      extramitochondrial long chain fatty acyl CoA.

PMID- 965843
TI  - Equally rapid activation of lipogenesis in nibbling and gorging mice.
AB  - Minimal average rates of exogenous glucose-C-conversion to whole body, total
      lipid fatty acids were measured in nibbling and gorging mice. Gorgers trained to
      eat 1 meal/day (8-10 am) were fasted 22-24 hr and given [14C]glucose with pure
      glucose, 30% glucose in water, or a 58% glucose, fat-free diet. Conversion of
      glucose-C to total lipid fatty acids increased from 0.6 (fasted) to approximately
      20 mug/min/20 g body weight during 40 min after glucose feeding using each test
      meal. Dietary amino acids were not required for activation of lipogenesis in
      gorgers. Exogenous glucose-C was incorporated into fatty acids as fast in
      nibbling mice as in gorgers. This was true after varying all of the following
      conditions: training period, number of meals gorged, previous fasting time, and
      diet composition. The total rate of fatty acid synthesis from body glucose-C
      during absorption of a glucose load was also estimated in absorption of a glucose
      load was also estimated in previously fasted nibbling and gorging mice. These
      estimates were based on composite, serial measurement of both plasma glucose
      specific activities and 14C-labeled fatty acids. The total rate of fatty acid
      synthesis from both exogenous and endogenous glucose-C was only 15% higher than
      the rate from exogenous glucose-C between 10 and 40 min. No significant
      differences between nibblers and gorgers were found.

PMID- 965844
TI  - Determination of protein in adipose tissue extracts.
AB  - An accurate and sensitive method for determination of protein in adipose tissue
      extracts based on a scaled-down version of the method of Lowry et al. (1951, J.
      Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275) is described. Protein is quantitatively precipitated by
      trichloroacetic acid with a nonionic detergent as a bulk-increasing substance and
      the precipitate is extracted with an organic solvent. This interference caused by
      lipids, sulfhydryl reagents, and several other compounds is eliminated. The
      accuracy of the determination of dilute reference protein solutions (2-20 mug/ml)
      is demonstrated.

PMID- 965845
TI  - Silicic acid thin-layer chromatography of conjugated and free bile acids.
AB  - The separation of free bile acids, taurine conjugates, and glycine conjugates
      from one another was achieved by thin-layer chromatography, using a solvent
      system of isopropanol glacial acetic acid 93:7 in a solvent system of hexane
      methylethylketone-glacial acetic acid 56:36:8 (v/v), it was possible to separate
      cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids. Application to a
      biological bile sample was demonstrated.

PMID- 965846
TI  - Biochemical variation and systematics of Peromyscus pectoralis.

PMID- 965847
TI  - Effects of temperature, photoperiod, and thiourea on the thyroid of the woodrat
      (Neotoma micropus).

PMID- 965848
TI  - Reproduction during two annual cycles in a population of Peromyscus leucopus
      noveboracensis.

PMID- 965849
TI  - Alcoholism, the "disease"--a global approach.

PMID- 965850
TI  - Final report of the AMA Vietnam Medical School project.

PMID- 965851
TI  - Mammography and radiation dose.

PMID- 965852
TI  - High blood pressure education in schools.

PMID- 965853
TI  - Revision of Georgia's adoption laws.

PMID- 965854
TI  - A little bit of time to manage your practice.

PMID- 965855
TI  - Rationale for swine flu mass immunizations in 1976.

PMID- 965856
TI  - Keeping up with an accelerated association.

PMID- 965857
TI  - How firm a foundation.

PMID- 965859
TI  - Comments on the management of hypertension--1976.

PMID- 965858
TI  - Atherosclerosis. A public health problem.

PMID- 965860
TI  - Uncommon manifestations of hyperparathyroidism on chest roentgenograms.

PMID- 965861
TI  - Nutritional therapy.

PMID- 965862
TI  - Effects of oral contraceptive medication on serum lipids.

PMID- 965863
TI  - The growth rate, the feeding practices, and the dietary intake of Thai infants
      under 2 years--old in central Bangkok.

PMID- 965864
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins in primary carcinoma of the liver.

PMID- 965865
TI  - Diabetic neurological disorders.

PMID- 965866
TI  - Primary hemochromatosis: a first case report in Thailand.

PMID- 965867
TI  - Neuroblastoma in adolescents: report of one case treated with combined modality
      treatment.

PMID- 965868
TI  - Congenital goitre with hypothyroidism: a case report.

PMID- 965869
TI  - Ultrasonic B--scanning in diagnosis of upper abdominal mass: report of 4 cases.

PMID- 965870
TI  - Pneumocystoscopy.

PMID- 965871
TI  - Wound infection in emergency appendectomy: a prospective trial with topical
      ampicillin and savlon.

PMID- 965872
TI  - The gene frequency of phenylketonuria among Thai population -- a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 965873
TI  - Treatment of hemangiomas in pediatric patients with prednisolone.

PMID- 965874
TI  - Acute septicemic melioidosis.

PMID- 965875
TI  - Intracranial lymphomas.

PMID- 965876
TI  - Gap junctions of lens fiber cells in freeze-fracture replicas.

PMID- 965877
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic observation of hemagglutination reaction with
      influenza virus.

PMID- 965878
TI  - Possible existence of DNA in yeast microbody.

PMID- 965879
TI  - Prolactin, diuretics and urinary electrolytes in normal subjects.
AB  - The relationship of plasma prolactin concentration and renal electrolyte
      excretion has been investigated in six normal male volunteers. In two studies, 80
      mg frusemide were administered at 18.00 h on Day 1 and followed by dietary sodium
      restriction. In study A, after 38 h of sodium depletion, a second dose of
      frusemide was administered at 08.00 h on Day 3. In study B, after 14 h of sodium
      depletion, the effect of administration of 100 mg spironolactone or 45 mg
      prorenoate potassium (another aldosterone antagonist) at 08.00 h on Day 2 was
      compared with that of a placebo. After the first dose of frusemide in study A,
      the mean plasma prolactin concentration correlated negatively with the urinary Na
      and K excretion over 5 h. After 38 h sodium depletion, the plasma prolactin
      concentration correlated positively with urinary Na excretion following the
      second dose of frusemide. In study B, after Na depletion for 14 h the plasma
      prolactin concentration of 08.00 h on Day 2 had a positive correlation with the
      24 h urinary log10 Na:K ratio following placebo administration and had negative
      correlations with the true urinary log10 Na:K ratio following spironolactone and
      prorenoate potassium administration. Neither acute Na deprivation nor the
      administration of single doses of frusemide, spironolactone or proprenoate
      potassium appeared to affect the normal circadian rhythm of plasma prolactin
      concentrations which remained constant for each subject throughout the 3 months
      covered by the investigation. The correlations of plasma prolactin concentration
      to renal excretion of electrolytes, with no evidence for a negative feedback
      control mechanism, suggest an indirect relationship between prolactin and renal
      function.

PMID- 965880
TI  - Ageing and ovarian delta 5-3 beta-hydrosteroid dehydrogenase in the pregnant
      mouse.
AB  - Aged (12- to 14-month-old) C57BL oestrous mice exhibited significantly lower (P
      less than 0-001) ovarian delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD)
      concentration, specific activity and total content than young (3-month-old)
      oestrous mice, suggesting a decrease in the potential of the older animals to
      produce ovarian delta 4-3-oxosteroids. Mice in both age groups maintaining
      pregnancy to 10 or 18 days post coitum (p.c.) had similar values for activity of
      ovarian 3 beta-HSD. In the aged females in which foetal resorption had occurred,
      the majority of foetuses had been resorbed by 10 days p.c. However, ovarian 3
      beta-HSD activity in these animals was not significantly different from that of
      young or aged mice maintaining pregnancy. By day 18, however, ovarian
      dehydrogenase activity in aged females failing to maintain pregnancy had
      decreased significantly. It is suggested that foetal death in aged mice is not
      the result of a deficiency in ovarian 3 beta-HSD, but rather may initiate luteal
      regression and consequently a decline in 3 beta-HSD.

PMID- 965881
TI  - Plasma and adrenal cortisol concentrations in foetal, newborn and mother guinea
      pigs during the perinatal period.
AB  - Concentrations of cortisol, corticosterone and cortisone in the plasma and
      adrenal glands, liver glycogen and plasma glucose of foetal, newborn and mother
      guinea-pigs were estimated during the last 6 days of pregnancy and throughout the
      first 24 h post partum. At the same time progesterone was measured in the plasma
      of the mother. During the prepartum rise in foetal plasma cortisol levels and
      liver glycogen, no significant change in the foetal adrenal cortisol content was
      observed. The plasma and adrenal cortisol concentrations of the mother were much
      higher than those observed in the foetus and increased significantly before
      parturition. In the mother as in the foetus, cortisone and corticosterone
      represent only a small percentage of corticosteroids compared with cortisol.
      These results indicate that the autonomous capacity of foetal adrenals, inhibited
      by maternal secretions before term, appears suddenly at birth.

PMID- 965882
TI  - Sustained effects on synthetic ovarian steroids of rat myometrial contractility.
AB  - Ovariectomized rats were given a single dose of synthetic oestrogen or
      progestogen, or both combined. On selected days after treatment one rat from each
      treatment group was killed and myometrical contractility in response to
      spasmogens was measured isometrically in isolated tissue baths. Contractility
      persisted at a low level after ovariectomy without steroid replacement (controls)
      for the 60 days of the experiment. The powerful potentiating action of oestrogen
      reached a maximum in about 10 days and sustained a high level thereafter.
      Progestogen treatment did not influence contractility to a significant degree
      when compared with saline, except that the contractions were sometimes of higher
      frequency and more irregular in size. There was a less powerful potentiating
      action on contractility with combined oestrogen and progestogen treatment than
      with oestrogen alone. It reached a maximum in 4 days and declined more rapidly
      than with oestrogen-treated preparation but was still vigorous for up to 30 days.

PMID- 965883
TI  - Testosterone concentration in the fluids of seminiferous tubules, the
      interstitium and the rete testis of the rat.
AB  - Testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay in interstitial fluid, 'free-flow'
      seminiferous tubular fluid, obtained by micropuncture, and rete testis fluid from
      intact adult anaesthetized rats. Under non-stimulated conditions the
      concentration of testosterone in interstitial fluid was below the limit of
      detection in two rats and achieved a mean level of 150 +/- 27 (S.E.M.) ng/ml in
      the remaining 17 determinations. The testosterone concentration of the
      seminiferous tubular fluid was below the limit of detection in two rats, and had
      a mean level in the remaining 15 determinations of 91 +/- 14 ng/ml, which is
      significantly lower (P less than 0-02) than that in interstitial fluid. The mean
      ratio of seminiferous tubular:interstitial fluid testosterone concentration
      calculated in 14 rats was 0-94 +/- 0.24. This ratio was less than unity whenever
      the interstitial fluid testosterone concentration was more than 50 ng/ml, whereas
      in all animals with interstitial fluid testosterone of 50 ng/ml, or less, the
      ratio was greater than or equal to one. The mean testosterone concentration of
      rete testis fluid in 32 samples was 33 +/- 3 ng/ml. After HCG stimulation in 12
      rats, testosterone concentration in interstitial fluid increased to a mean value
      of 660 +/- 83 ng/ml, and in seminiferous tubular fluid to 460 +/- 44 ng/ml; the
      difference between the two was significant (P less than 0-05). These results are
      discussed in relation to the presumed dilution of seminiferous tubular fluid in
      rete testis fluid and the role of androgen-binding proteins in the transport of
      steroids.

PMID- 965884
TI  - Stimulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the epididymis and accessory
      organs of the rat by testosterone.
AB  - The effects of a single dose to testosterone on the content of DNA, RNA and
      protein and the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into protein in the
      epididymis, vas deferens and ventral prostate of the rat were studied. A single
      dose of testosterone did not increase the weights of the accessory organs but
      restored the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into proteins in the catput,
      corpus and cauda epididymides, vas deferens and ventral prostate to the normal
      level. Within 1 h of hormone administration, significant increases in the content
      of DNA, RNA and protein were noticed in the cauda epididymidis and ventral
      prostate. The catput and corpus epididymides and was deferens whoed decreasing
      order to responsiveness to testosterone. These data are discussed with respect to
      the relative responsiveness of these organs to reinitiation to their function by
      administration of a single dose of testosterone. The new protein(s) synthesized
      in response to hormonal stimulation associated with growth and secretory activity
      of the cells may be different from the new protein macromolecules synthesized
      after hormone withdrawal or inhibition of hormone action which are involved in
      autolytic processes.

PMID- 965885
TI  - Branchial sodium exchange in seawater-adapted Tilapia mossambica: effects of
      prolactin and hypophysectomy.
AB  - The effects of exogenous prolactin and hypophysectomy were tested on Na exchange
      across the gills of Tilapia mossambica adapted to sea-water. Exogenous prolactin
      produced a 75% decrease of both total Na influx and Na efflux. Total Na influx
      was measured simultaneously with the drinking rate. Water ingestion stopped
      almost completely in prolactin-treated fish. Thus branchial net excretion flux of
      Na was reduced 75% by prolactin. Hypophysectomy produced a 50% inhibition of Na
      efflux across the gill.

PMID- 965886
TI  - Acute effect of reduced renal perfusion pressure on aldosterone secretion rate in
      the rat.

PMID- 965887
TI  - Effect of parasympathetic denervation or duct ligation of rat submandibular
      glands on extrarenal erythropoietin production.

PMID- 965888
TI  - Multiphasic prolactin release and mammary development in virgin rats after
      prolonged treatment with perphenazine or perphenazine sulphoxide.

PMID- 965889
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on the pituitary-thyroid system in the rat.

PMID- 965890
TI  - Corticosteroid-binding globulin and mortality in a dasyurid marsupial.

PMID- 965891
TI  - Androgen receptors in isolated cell preparations obtained from rat testicular
      tissue.

PMID- 965892
TI  - Carcino-embryonic antigen activity in urine of patients with bladder carcinoma.
      Clinical evaluation of carcino-embryonic antigen. II.
AB  - This paper deals with the study of CEA levels in urine from healthy control
      subjects, of patients with bladder carcinoma or previous bladder carcinoma, and
      other groups of patients. In 53% of the patients with bladder carcinoma and
      without urinary infection, urinary CEA was increased. There were no false
      positive results. It is concluded that urinary CEA is a valuable aid in the
      detection of malignant tumour growth in the bladder. The results are compared
      with several tumour parameters, e.g. tumour size, stage of disease and
      histological parameters. Evidence is presented that CEA in infected urine is not
      produced by bacteria and that, like soluble vaginal excretory products, this
      substance has antigenic groupings in common with CEA from bladder tumours.

PMID- 965893
TI  - Clinical significance of urinary carcino-embryonic antigen estimations during the
      follow-up of patients with bladder carcinoma or previous bladder carcinoma.
      Clinical evaluation of carcino-embryonic antigen, III.
AB  - Urinary carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in a follow-up study of 101
      bladder carcinoma patients. Urinary CEA estimation during follow-up appears to be
      of clinical value. Negative results can be interpreted only in relation to
      previously increased values. Positive results are of value in retrospect when
      combined with negative data, e.g. in evaluation of suspicious bladder changes and
      as an early indication of renewed tumour growth. Increased CEA levels in urines
      from patients with urinary infection rapidly decline once the infection is cured.

PMID- 965894
TI  - Turbidimetric determination of haptoglobin.
AB  - A specific, accurate and simple determination of haptoglobin is described with an
      antiserum against the antigenic determinants of the three haptoglobin phenotypes
      1-1, 2-1 and 2-2. Antihaptoglobin is the determining factor in the formation of
      an antigen-antibody complex with maximal light absorption properties. Haptoglobin
      concentration is expressed as hemoglobin binding capacity. For the three
      haptoglobin phenotypes we found similar correlation between the turbidimetric
      method and the direct measurement of hemoglobin binding capacity by agar
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 965895
TI  - A new enzymatic determination of cholesterol. The use of aldehyde dehydrogenase
      to measure H2O2 producing reactions, II.
AB  - Cholesterol oxidase, coupled with the catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, is
      proposed for the determination of cholesterol. The main advantages of this
      procedure over comparable methods employing cholesterol oxidase are its short
      reaction time and the use of NADP which permits the direct calculation of the
      cholesterol concentration from the absorbance value.

PMID- 965896
TI  - [Experience with the glucose-dehydrogenase-UV-method for the determination of
      blood glucose (author's transl)].
AB  - A method for glucose determination using glucose-dehydrogenase is described. Our
      experience with this method is based on 70 000 determinations of blood glucose
      within six months. Linearity over a wide range, accuracy and specificity highly
      recommend this method. No interference was noticed by substances physiologically
      occuring in blood. The glucose-dehydrogenase-method correlated well with the
      hexokinase glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase method for the determination of blood
      glucose.

PMID- 965897
TI  - [Chromatographic investigation of the substrate properties of 8-bromo-ATP in the
      nucleoside diphosphate kinase reaction (author's transl)].
AB  - 8-bromo-ATP is a substrate of nucleoside diphosphate kinase. Its reactivity is
      similar to that of ATP, and the reaction appears to be unaffected by the
      different conformations of these two substrates. The nucleoside diphosphate
      kinase reaction with 8-bromo-ATP cannot be monitored photometrically (optical
      test) using an NADH/NAD+-dependent enzyme system, because the product 8-bromo-ADP
      is not a substrate for pyruvate kinase. Measurements of the nucleoside
      diphosphate kinase reaction with 8-bromo-ATP therefore, were carried out by
      chromatographic analysis of the nucleoside-triphosphate/diphosphate ratio.

PMID- 965898
TI  - A spectrophotometric method for the determination of monoglyceride hydrolase.
AB  - A monoglyceride hydrolase assay is introduced in which the activity of the enzyme
      is determined by the use of coupled enzymatic reactions. Measurements are easy to
      perform on a conventional photometer; they are specific, precise and show good
      reproducibility.

PMID- 965899
TI  - Gas chromatographic estimation of homovanillic acid in serum of normals and
      psychotic patients.
AB  - Homovanillic acid is extracted from 0.5 ml serum with ethyl acetate at acidic pH,
      and its pentafluoropropionic anhydride and hexafluoroisopropanol derivative
      injected into a 3% SE-30 column at 140 degrees C, fitted with an electron capture
      detector. In a group of normal volunteers (n = 42) a mean value of 62+/-45 mug/l
      was found. The distribution of the serum concentrations was found to be bimodal.
      Using the same procedure for the homovanillic acid estimation in cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF), mean values of 73.0+/-41 mug/l serum and 68+/-36 mug/l CSF were
      found for a group of 22 untreated patients with paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome.
      After treatment with neuroleptics, for 1 week to 1 month, the homovanillic acid
      concentration increased significantly only in the CSF. By the procedure
      described, other acidic metabolites of biogenic amines are extracted together
      with homovanillic acid and can also be estimated in the same sample.

PMID- 965900
TI  - [Bivariate evaluation of laboratory findings: immunoglobulin G and albumin in
      cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)].
AB  - Using radial immunodiffusion, albumin and immunoglobulin G were determined in non
      preconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid from 127 controls and from 239 patients. In
      controls the concentrations of albumin and immunoglobulin G followed normal
      distribution. The two variables were correlated linearly (r = 0.60). The elliptic
      bivariate normal range was calculated, and was found to contain 95% of the paired
      values. As a clinical limit, this range discriminated more effectively between
      normal and altered pairs than the two one-dimensional normal ranges X+/-2 s, thus
      improving the evaluation of laboratory findings in the single case. Likewise in
      clinically defined groups of patients, bivariate evaluation of results provided
      additional evidence. In many distinct clinical syndromes, e.g. bacterial
      encephalomeningitis, polyneuropathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, albumin and
      immunoglobulin G concentrations exhibited an especially close correlation,
      probably resulting from damage to the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. However,
      no correlation of these two variables was detected in acute encephalomeningitis
      due to virus infection, and in multiple sclerosis: in these groups,
      immunoglobulin G concentrations were elevated independently of albumin. Since
      evidence is lacking as to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, it seems
      noteworthy that the same phenomenon was observed in a well-defined group of viral
      infections.

PMID- 965901
TI  - [Determination of the activity of peptidases and amino acid aryl amidases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A modification of the Bratton-Marshall reaction for the quantitative
      determination of enzymically released p-nitroaniline is described. It is very
      sensitive, easily performed, shows good reproducibility, and it is suitable for
      routine use in clinical chemistry.

PMID- 965902
TI  - Critical evaluation of measurement of platelet monoamine oxidase in man.
AB  - Some biochemical characteristics such as substrate specificity, substrate
      affinity and inhibitor sensitivity of monoamine oxidase of human blood platelets
      were investigated. Tyramine, tryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine were used as
      substrates. The apparent Michaelis constants, maximal velocity rates and I50 for
      the inhibitor tranylcypromine were determined. The data were analyzed according
      to Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon. The influence of amitriptyline, a prototype of
      tricyclic antidepressants, on the selected variables (Km, V, I50), was studied.
      The parameters investigated showed remarkably low interindividual differences
      when healthy volunteers were tested. The inhibitor activity of amitriptyline
      towards platelet monoamine oxidase depends on the substrate used. Amitriptyline
      concentrations which showed a pronounced effect on the enzyme characteristics are
      significantly higher than plasma levels of the drug found under therapeutic
      conditions.

PMID- 965903
TI  - Some comments on Plotkin's self-regulation of electroencephalographic alpha.

PMID- 965904
TI  - Appraising the ephemeral "alpha phenomenon": a reply to Hardt and Kamiya.

PMID- 965905
TI  - On the self-regulation of the occipital alpha rhythm: control strategies, states
      of consciousness, and the role of physiological feedback.
AB  - In an experiment investigating the self-control of occipital alpha strength, a
      factorial design was employed with two levels of feedback (available or non
      available), three levels of instruction (Cognitive, Oculomotor, and none), and
      two levels of lighting (on and off), except that the no-feedback-no-instruction
      group was not run. The Cognitive instructions were based on the strategies
      reported in the literature: To generate alpha, persons were instructed to relax,
      "let go", try to feel pleasant and serene, and allow themselves to review
      pleasant personal experiences; to suppress alpha, persons were instructed to
      concentrate, try hard, exert themselves mentally, and try to fell anxious or
      frustrated. The Oculomotor instructions to generate alpha were to visually blur
      and not focus, and to suppress alpha were to "look" and focus. The results led to
      the following conclusions: (a) Feedback-augmented enhancement and suppression of
      occipital alpha strength is always mediated by learned control of oculomotor
      processes, although sometimes persons are not aware that they are employing this
      strategy, especially in the case of alpha enhancement; alpha feedback trainees
      learn to "not look" in order to enhance alpha strength. (b) Whenever Cognitive
      strategies are successful in producing alpha strength changes, this is due to the
      fact that they can be efficient mediators of changes in oculomotor processes. (c)
      Feedback together with simple Oculomotor instructions leads to more successful
      alpha control than either alone. (d) High or enhanced levels of occipital alpha
      strength are not invariably accompanied by the "alpha experience", in fact, if a
      person is not led to expect it, the alpha experience will usually not occur
      during occipital alpha enhancement feedback. (e) States of nonsensory awareness,
      such as an absorption in thoughts and feelings, are reliably associated with
      enhanced occipital alpha strength. This association is what would be expected:
      Since vision is the dominant sensory modality in humans, it is reasonable that
      when visual processing is reduced during alpha enhancement feedback that there is
      also reduced sensory awareness in general and often greater attention to thoughts
      and feelings. (f) Alpha feedback per se is neither necessary for nor especially
      facilitative of the achievement of the alpha experience. Thus, if the alpha
      experience is more likely to occur with alpha feedback than without it, this is
      due to the special circumstances that make up the feedback situation and not due
      to alpha feedback per se.

PMID- 965906
TI  - An analytical model for ovarian follicle dynamics.
AB  - Differential counts of follicles of different sizes in the ovaries of intact and
      hypophysectomized strain A mice of various ages have been analysed statistically.
      The influence of age on the number of follicles in each size group is described.
      The number of small follicles in the ovarian pool declined exponentially, whereas
      numbers of follicles in other groups displayed two peaks, one during immaturity
      and the other in adult life. These appeared sequentially in follicles in
      successive groups. The proportion of follicles growing and dying was estimated
      and age dependent fluctuations in the time spent by follicles in each group were
      demonstrated. Further calculations then determined the mean inflow and outflow of
      follicles to and from the various groups throughout the lifespan. Hypophysectomy
      during post-puberty decreased only slightly the utilization of small follicles
      from the pool and did not prevent their subsequent development to the two-layered
      stage. Many follicles then died at this stage of development, indicating that the
      initial main site of gonadotrophic action may be on medium sized follicles with
      two layers of granulosa cells.

PMID- 965907
TI  - Effects of epididymal occlusion on sperm maturation in the hamster.
AB  - Hamster epididymal spermatozoa were isolated in the caput, corpus and cauda
      regions for one, two and three days. Sperm suspensions from these regions were
      assessed for morphology, motility, viability; and for fertility by A.I. The
      ability to capacitate was tested by checking for acrosome reactions when the
      sperm were cultured under defined capacitating conditions at 37 degrees C in
      vitro. Normal, mature cauda sperm were highly fertile (overall 77% of ova
      fertilized) and showed 50-80% incidence of acrosome reactions after six hours in
      culture. Isolation for up to three days had no effect. Immature sperm from the
      caput and corpus were poorly motile, infertile, and did not manifest an acrosome
      reaction. Isolation for one and two days produced improvements in motility, and
      distal migration of the cytoplasmic droplet skin to normal maturation, however
      the sperm remained infertile and did not capacitate in vitro. Survival after
      three days isolation was poor. Thus the development of fertilizing ability in
      hamster epididymal spermatozoa is closely related to the ability to manifest an
      acrosome reaction in vitro; however it is only poorly correlated with motility
      and morphology. Completion of sperm maturation in this species appears to require
      the environment of the cauda epididymidis.

PMID- 965908
TI  - Changes in the shape of the developing vertebrate nervous system analyzed
      experimentally, mathematically and by computer simulation.
AB  - Two forces are necessary and sufficient to produce the transformation of the newt
      neural plate from a hemispheric sheet of cells one cell thick to a keyhole shape.
      These forces are: (1) a regionally programmed shrinkage of the surface of the
      neural plate (accomplished by contraction of the apical surfaces of the neural
      plate cells and elongation of these cells perpendicular to the plate); and (2)
      displacement of the whole sheet caused by elongation of either the notochord or
      the overlying neural plate cells in the antero-posterior direction. A computer
      simulation and mathematical analysis ("morphodynamics"), together with
      experiments and observations on embryos, were used to deduce the morphogenesis of
      the neural plate from these forces.

PMID- 965909
TI  - Response of the ovary in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), to various
      combinations of photoperiod and temperature.
AB  - Responses of the ovary of the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, to various
      regimes of photoperiod and temperature, were studied during the different periods
      of the annual ovarian cycle. During the preparatory and post-spawning periods
      moderate temperatures of 25 degrees C and above, regardless of photoperiod, were
      more favorable for the formation of yolky (stage III) oocytes than coller
      temperatures (below 23 degrees C). Even under conditions of continuous dark or
      light, ovarian development occurred as a function of warm temperatures. Gravid
      ovaries were maintained beyond the spawning period only with a temperature of 30
      degrees C, photoperiod notwithstanding. Nevertheless, moderate or cool
      temperatures did not prevent the ovarian regression that occurred by the first
      week of October in the post-spawning period. Regulation of ovarian activity at
      least in part by an endogenous circannual rhythm appears possible.

PMID- 965910
TI  - Protein synthesis in lethal nucleocytoplasmic hybrids between the species
      Pleurodeles waltlii Michahelles and Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw (urodele amphibians)
      obtained by nuclear grafting.
AB  - Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins stemming from the nucleus of
      the donor species in nucleocytoplasmic hybrids were determined. The interspecific
      lethal nucleocytoplasmic hybrids of Pleurodeles waltlii and Ambystoma mexicanum
      were studied. The presence of these proteins at the blastula or early gastrula
      stages attests to the early nuclear control of their synthesis.

PMID- 965911
TI  - A role for esterases in the fertilization process.
AB  - The corona penetrating enzyme of sperm is shown to be esterolytic in nature. This
      is the first known function of the several sperm esterases and indicates the
      cementing substance between cells of the corona radiata contains an essential
      ester linkage.

PMID- 965912
TI  - Photoperiodic control of antler cycles in deer. III. Decreasing versus increasing
      day lengths.
AB  - Deer were exposed for three years to photoperiods which increased or decreased
      two hours every four months, starting at 4L/20D or 20L/4D, respectively. Under
      both sets of conditions, antlers were repeatedly shed and replaced, usually in
      synchrony with every other time the day lengths were changed. On decreasing days,
      antler cycles were omitted as the photoperiod passed the equinox (12L/12D). On
      increasing days, the equinoctial photoperiod induced prolonged episodes of antler
      growth. The tendency for the antler replacement cycle to lock onto alternate
      changes in artificial photoperiods is consistent with the seasonal growth of
      antlers every other time the day lengths change in the natural environment. It is
      suggested that antler replacement is triggered neither by shortening nor
      lengthening days, but by the alternation of such changes irrespective of the
      direction of the shift in the photoperiod.

PMID- 965913
TI  - The regeneration of brachial nerves of contralateral origin into benervated fused
      newt forelimbs.
AB  - Previous studies involving the end-to-end fusion of the forelimbs of the adult
      newt have demonstrated that new limbs can regenerate from the transected ends of
      proximo-distally reversed limb segments. The limb regeneration could only have
      been initiated by nerve fibers of contralateral origin. The purpose of the
      present study is to describe histologically the manner in which nerve fibers of
      contralateral origin regenerate through the junction of fused limbs into the
      opposite limb. The first sign of nerve regeneration into the opposite limb was
      observed at eight days post fusion. The nerves crossed over into the opposite,
      originally denervated limb in a highly dispersed manner. These nerve fibers
      eventually aggregated, however, either under the skin or within persisting nerve
      trunks. By 19 days post fusion the nerve fibers had reached the elbow region of
      the originally denervated limb and by 25 days they were seen at the most proximal
      extent of the limb. The diameters of the axons seemed smaller than the diameters
      of regenerating axons observed in non-fused newt forelimbs.

PMID- 965914
TI  - Anesthesia as an effective agent against the production of congenital anomalies
      in mouse fetuses exposed to electromagnetic radiation.
AB  - A total of 130 female mice pregnant at 8 days were exposed singly to a 7.3 watt
      microwave waveguide at 2,450 MHz wave length while being monitored for total
      obsorbed dose, the exposure being four minutes. Among the 1,328 offspirng
      examined (327 of which were controls) those not anesthetized but irradiated
      showed greater fetal damage than those that were anesthetized and placed in one
      of the three positions with respect to the radiation beam. Immobilization with
      anesthesia and restraint in the broadside position provided the greatest
      protection to the fetus against any teratologic effects. Anesthesia reduces the
      body temperature to a degree equivalent to the rise in temperature expected from
      the radiation conditions used, hence the protection against the primary thermal
      effect of microwave irradiation.

PMID- 965915
TI  - Effects of various low temperatures, cryoprotective agents and cooling rates on
      the survival, fertilizability and development of frozen-thawed mouse eggs.
AB  - Frozen mouse eggs were examined to determine the effects of low temperatures,
      concentration of cryoprotective agents and cooling rates on their survival,
      fertilizability in vitro and subsequent development. Dimethyl sulfoxide
      administered at 1.5 M concentration was found to be the most effective
      cryoprotective agent. Upon thawing, 51% and 56% of the eggs appeared to be normal
      after having been cooled at 0.33 degrees C/min to -30 degrees C and -50 degrees
      C, but only 18% of the eggs appeared to be normal after having been cooled at the
      same rate to -75 degrees C. When eggs were cooled at 0.33 degrees C/min to -45
      degrees C and the cooling rate increased to 1 degree C/min from -45 degrees C to 
      75 degrees C, 44% and 72% appeared normal upon thawing. Of the normal eggs
      fertilized in vitro from C3H mice, 65% cleaved to the 2-cell stage and 24% of the
      2-cell eggs developed into blastocysts. Following the transfer of 17 blastocysts
      into three recipient mice, one mouse delivered three normal young.

PMID- 965916
TI  - Alterations in the developmental properties of stroma during the development of
      the urogenital ridge into ductus deferens and uterus in embryonic and neonatal
      mice.
AB  - The ability of mesenchyme from the urogenital ridge to participate in the
      development of male and female urogenital organs was studied by preparing homo-
      and heterotypic recombinants of epithelium and stroma from ductus deferens and
      uterus of neonatal mice. The recombinants as well as intact 14-day old embryonic
      urogenital ridges (URG) were grown for two to eight weeks in adult male and
      female hosts. The development of ductus deferens and seminal vesicle from female
      UGR's grafted into male hosts and uterus from male UGR's grafted into female
      hosts demonstrate that the mesenchyme of embryonic UGR's is capable of
      participating in the development of either male or female urogenital structures.
      During normal development of the female urogenital tract, the bisexual
      morphogenetic potentiality of UGR mesenchyme persists postnatally as demonstrated
      by the ability of uterine stroma to support normal differentiation of epithelium
      of ductus deferens in male hosts. Conversely, during the normal development of
      the male urogenital tract, the morphogenetic potentiality of mesenchyme of the
      urogenital ridge is restricted as stroma from the ductus deferens appears
      incapable of participating in uterine morphogenesis in male or female hosts.
      These differences in the developmental properties of UGR stroma may be attributed
      to differences in hormonal conditions in male and female fetuses.

PMID- 965917
TI  - An ultrastructural analysis of chick embryonic skin development in vitro.
AB  - Behaviour of 6-day chick embryo thigh skin in vitro in two different nutrients
      was studied electron microscopically. In explants supported with chicken serum
      containing medium epithelium keratinized faster than and in a similar way to that
      in ovo, except for the absence of corpuscola cribriformia in pericytes. It did
      not in explants supported with chick embryo extract containing medium, but
      underwent a noticeable ultrastructural evolution, mainly of granular reticulum
      and Golgi complexes. In the two series of cultures mesenchyme presented the same
      ultrastructural characteristics, especially as far as collagen fibers were
      concerned. The above data rule out the suggested regulatory role of collagen
      fibers in epidermal differentiation and support a possible epidermal two-step
      differentiative process. They are discussed in relation to the general mechanisms
      implicated in skin evolution.

PMID- 965918
TI  - Intercellular junctions in the Xenopus embryo prior to gastrulation.
AB  - A freeze-fracture study of Xenopus embryos at the eight-cell stage revealed the
      presence of tight junctions and small aggregations of 120 A diameter
      intramembranous particles. These aggregations consisted of up to ten particles
      and resembled forming gap junctions. Examination of early blastulae showed that
      fully developed gap junctions were present, apparently occurring very
      infrequently. These results support the contention that specialized junctions
      mediate electrical coupling during early amphibian development.

PMID- 965919
TI  - The reaquisition of cell adhesiveness following tissue disaggregation by eleven
      different agents.
AB  - Disaggregation of seven-day embryonic chick neural retina tissue by eleven
      different agents produces cells which require variable periods of time to become
      aggregation competent in culture. The time required between cell isolation and
      the beginning of inter-cellular adhesion in rotation culture is dependent upon
      the particular isolating agent used and ranges from zero to sixty minutes.

PMID- 965920
TI  - Induction of meiosis by injection of heterologous protein kinase and
      phosphorylase kinase in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
AB  - Meiosis reinitiation has been triggered by injection of beef heart protein kinase
      or rabbit phosphorylase kinase into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Successful injections
      are followed by germinal vesicle breakdown, chromosome condensation, formation of
      a normal meiotic spindle, and appearance of an amplifiable maturation promoting
      factor. Meiosis reinitiation does not occur when the enzymes are introduced into
      the oocytes simultaneously with EGTA or after pretreatment with cycloheximide.
      Antipain, an antiprotease which abolishes the response of oocytes to
      progesterone, does not suppress the meiosis reinitiation induced by injection of
      protein kinase or phosphorylase kinase.

PMID- 965921
TI  - Electrophoretic introduction of calcium ions into the cortex of Xenopus laevis
      oocytes triggers meiosis neinitiation.
AB  - Meiosis reinitiation has been triggered via electrophoretic driving of Ca++ into
      the cortex of Xenopus laevis oocytes freed from functional follicle cells by
      collagenase treatment. Mg++ could not be substituted for Ca++. Ca++ induced
      maturation resembles progesterone induced maturation in so far both are inhibited
      by cycloheximide, give rise to amplifiable MPF in the cytoplasm of treated
      oocytes and allow chromosome condensation and the formation of a normal meiotic
      spindle.

PMID- 965922
TI  - Medical students.

PMID- 965923
TI  - The University of Miami Jackson Memorial Medical Center.

PMID- 965924
TI  - The research program of the University of Miami School of Medicine.

PMID- 965925
TI  - The University of Miami School of Medicine's alumni during the school's first
      twenty years.

PMID- 965926
TI  - Current trends in graduate medical education.

PMID- 965927
TI  - Colonoscopic surgery.

PMID- 965928
TI  - The dizzy patient: ENG, yes or no?

PMID- 965929
TI  - Klinefelter syndrome associated with atrial septal defect and prolapse of the
      mitral valve.

PMID- 965930
TI  - Contingency fees.

PMID- 965931
TI  - The National Health Planning and Research Development Act PL 93-641.

PMID- 965932
TI  - His bundle recordings in the clinical evaluation of patients with conduction
      disturbances.

PMID- 965933
TI  - Fasciitis (eosinophilic) with scleroderma-like changes in the skin.

PMID- 965934
TI  - Sunshine station--Florida's first camp for children with asthma.

PMID- 965935
TI  - Drug substitution law. Committee substitute for HBs 2740 and 2950.

PMID- 965937
TI  - Organic mass spectrometry in forensic science.

PMID- 965936
TI  - The changing image of medical education in Brazil.

PMID- 965938
TI  - Typing of the common phosphoglucomutase variants using isoelectric focusing--a
      new interpretation of the phosphoglucomutase system.

PMID- 965940
TI  - Erythrocyte acid phosphatase in bloodstains.

PMID- 965939
TI  - The detection of allergen-associated antibodies in bloodstains.

PMID- 965941
TI  - Screening of street drugs by high pressure liquid chromatography. Part II--The
      screening of some common amphetamines, ephedrine and phencyclidine by reverse
      phase HPLC.

PMID- 965942
TI  - Detection and decipherment of erasures in documents.

PMID- 965943
TI  - Problems involved in the grouping of saliva, semen and other body fluids.

PMID- 965944
TI  - An investigation into the possible sources of adventitious ABH substances in
      bloodstain grouping.

PMID- 965945
TI  - Blood group determination of severely charred bodies--the effects of heating on
      the blood group activity of A, B, AB and O(H) active glycolipids and A and B
      active glycoproteins.

PMID- 965946
TI  - A vacuum coating technique for the development of latent fingerprints on
      polythene.

PMID- 965947
TI  - Purification and polypeptide composition of Semliki Forest virus RNA polymerase.
AB  - A purification method for Semliki Forest virus-specified RNA-dependent RNA
      polymerase from BHK cells is described. The procedure entails (i) the preparation
      of a crude cell lysate by Dounce homogenization of cells 3-5 h post-infection,
      (ii) differential centrifugation to give a 15 000 g 'mitochondrial' pellet, (iii)
      equilibrium centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradients (Friedman et al.
      1972) to give a membranous band of density 1-16 g/ml, (iv) solubilization with
      Triton N-101 and velocity centrifugation to give a 25S solubilized polymerase
      complex and (v) affinity chromatography through an oligo (dT)-cellulose matrix
      bearing immobilized 42S virus particle RNA. The overall purification was approx.
      360-fold with a 5% recovery of activity. Of the various intermediate fractions in
      the purfication procedure, only the relatively crude post-nuclear supernatant
      fraction was competent to synthesize the major single-stranded RNAs found in
      infected cells. Other fractions incorporated precursor only into replicative
      intermediate (RI) or replicative from (RF). Analysis of the product RF showed
      that it was of the same size and could bind to the same extent to oligo (dT)
      cellulose as the RF isolated directly from lysates of infected cells.
      Displacement hybridization and ribonuclease digestion suggested that the purified
      polymerase could only complete previously initiated progeny positive strands
      using negative strands as template and, even in its most highly purified form,
      was still tightly bound to its template. Analysis on polyacrylamide slab gels
      revealed the presence of three 35S-labelled polypeptides in the purified
      polymerase preparation, but a polypeptide which had identical electrophoretic
      mobility to the lowest mol. wt. polypeptide of the purified polymerase was also
      present in material from mock-fected cells which had been taken through the
      purification procedure. From these results we conclude that only two virus
      specified polypeptides are present in the polymerase. A scheme for the synthesis
      of these polypeptides is presented in the accompanying paper.

PMID- 965948
TI  - RNA polymerase components in Semliki Forest virus-infected cells: synthesis from
      large precursors.
AB  - Two previously undescribed stable polypeptides (referred to as nsp 90 and nsp 63)
      appear in mammalian and avian cells infected with Semliki Forest virus. They are
      distinguishable from the virus structural proteins and their known precursors by
      their molecular weights and tryptic peptide maps, and are identical in size to
      two polypeptides found in purified preparations of virus-specific RNA polymerase.
      Data from pulse-chase experiments and from the use of inhibitors of proteolytic
      cleavage indicate that nsp 90 and nsp 63 are synthesized via a series of post
      translational cleavages from three larger polypeptides, p200, p184 and p150. The
      labelling kinetics after synchronous initiation of protein synthesis are also
      consistent with the synthesis of nsp 90 and nsp 63 from a common initiation site,
      and show that nsp 63 is located close to this site. It is concluded that nsp 90
      and nsp 63 are components of the virus-specific RNA polymerase, and are
      synthesized via a post-translational cleavage scheme entirely separate from that
      leading to the synthesis of the virus structural proteins.

PMID- 965949
TI  - Purification and physicochemical characteristics of African swine fever virus.
AB  - Methods for the purification of African swine fever virus (ASFV) and its
      dissection into two fractions are described. The difficulties which have been
      encountered previously in attempts to purify the virus, namely contamination with
      large amounts of cellular constituents and aggregation of the virus particles,
      have been overcome by treatment with Tween 80 and by the use of 1 M-NaCl in the
      sucrose gradients. Five major polypeptides, mol. wt. 10(3) X 125 (VP1), 76 (VP2),
      50 (VP3), 44 (VP4) and 39 (VP5) were found in the purified particles. The virus
      was dissected by treatment with Nonidet NP 40 into (a) a fraction which had the
      appearance of an empty capsid shell and capsid shell and contained the
      polypeptides VP2 and VP3 and (b) a structure containing VP1 and VP4. The location
      of VP5 was not ascertained.

PMID- 965950
TI  - [Contribution to the anatomoclinical and genetic study of tuberous sclerosis in
      infancy (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of Bourneville's disease is described, which is unusual because of the
      absence of clinical symptomatology until death occurred in the ninth month of
      life. Moreover, the post-mortem examination revealed the presence of cortical
      plaques of tuberous sclerosis which were in number, size and extension much more
      pronounced than in any previously published cases. On the basis of extensive
      topographical preparations of continuous sections taken from two cerebral
      hemispheres, the author provides an exact spatial representation of the tuberous
      sclerotic lesions and demonstrates the almost complete integrity of the central
      grey nuclei and the rhinencephalic complex. From data collected on numerous
      published infantile cases, in which he records the date of the onset of epilepsy,
      and, in addition, making use of neuropediatric and electrophysiological studies,
      he attempts to demonstrate that the appearance of the first neurological symptoms
      is related to certain stages of the cerebral corticalisation. So far as genetic
      factors are concerned, the family histroy did not provide any evidence of disease
      in ancestors, and a clinical examination of the parents did not disclose any
      stigmata of Bourneville's disease. This case can thus be considered as sporadic,
      due to a new mutation.

PMID- 965951
TI  - [A genealogical study of Steinert's disease (author's transl)].
AB  - As a result of retrospective genealogical studies on 41 cases of myotonic
      dystrophy, the authors have found: 1) sound arguments to support the hypothesis
      of anticipation often discussed in association with this disease; 2) a high rate
      of mortinatality in the progeny of affected females; this aspect merits being
      taken into consideration in genetic counselling and should be reported to
      obstetricians. Its pathogenetic determination still remains obscure; 3) a
      relative frequency of illegitimacy in familes with affected fathers. On the basis
      of the low fertility associated with the disease, the authors postulate that new
      mutations may not be rare. Finally, they emphasize two little known symptomatic
      features, the first being the frequency of lithiasis, the second the frequency of
      neoplasms. This latter observation, however, still requires confirmation.

PMID- 965952
TI  - Creatine-phosphokinase (CPK) activity in relatives of patients with X-linked
      muscular dystrophies: a Brazilian study.
AB  - Serum CPK was measured in 135 families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and
      19 with the Becker type (BMD). Increased CPK was found in 62% of the carriers of
      DMD and 62.5% of the BMD. Two certain carries of DMD and one of their daughters
      showed clinical signs of myopathy. Three studied DMD pregnant carriers suggest
      that there is a decrease in CPK levels around the 4th-5th months of gestation. In
      genetic counselling of suspected carriers the CPK activity of their normal
      daughters should always be considered. Our data suggest strongly that CPK
      activity decreases in carriers with increasing age.

PMID- 965953
TI  - [A small supernumerary metacentric chromosome: interpretation test (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The report relates to a new case of small supernumerary metacentric chromosome.
      The phenotypical variability of previously published cases suggests that this
      chromosomal anomaly may arise from multiple origins. Our study shows the
      difficulties of a cytogenetic interpretation and the limits of the semeiologic
      arguments. It is, however, possible to hypothesize an 18 partial trisomy.

PMID- 965954
TI  - Comparative levels of creative ability among elementary school children.
AB  - Eighty-six black fourth-grade children and 111 white fourth-grade children
      randomly selected from normal classrooms in a rural country school system in
      Tennessee were compared on Torrance's Unusual Uses and Ask and Guess activities.
      No differences were found on the frequency or flexibility measures of either
      activity. No attempt was made to examine the results on any variable except race.
      Pearson Product Moment Correlations were computed on the Torrance Test results
      and Stanford-Binet intelligence test scores for both groups. The correlations
      were quite different with r = +.51 for the white students and r = +.22 for the
      black students.

PMID- 965955
TI  - An examination of errors in children's visual and haptic-tactual memory for
      random forms.
AB  - Hypotheses were advanced that (a) errors of omission would occur more frequently
      than errors of commission, and (b) errors would be related to stimulus
      complexity. Forty-eight children, 12 boys and 12 girls from each grades 1 and 3
      were given a memory task for recognition of random polygons of 4, 8, 12, 16, and
      20 sides; these forms were presented either visually or haptically. Visual memory
      was found to be superior to haptic memory, and performance on both tasks improved
      with age. Analyses of error-type and sideness, the two major variables of a
      priori interest, indicated support for both hypotheses. The curvilinear
      relationship between errors and sideness suggested difficulty in identifying
      shapes of intermediate complexity.

PMID- 965956
TI  - Empathy and pseudo-empathy: the affective judgments of first- and third-graders.
AB  - Eighty male and female first- and third-grader Ss were presented one of two brief
      videotaped social interaction episodes. Half of the Ss viewed an unambiguous tape
      in which a target character's affective response was congruent with the
      situational context in which he operated. The remaining Ss viewed a similar, but
      ambiguous tape in which the nonverbal affective response of the target character
      was incongruent with situational demands. Ss' responses were scored on the basis
      of their judgments of the target character's affective state and facial
      expression, and the degree of relative certainty with which they made their
      affective judgments. No differences were predicted or found in any of the
      empathic responses of first- and third-graders to the unambiguous tape. The two
      age groups studied did, however, differ significantly in their responses to the
      ambiguous tape. As anticipated, the first-grade Ss employed a highly centered
      inference strategy and based their judgments on only one of the available
      incongruous cues. The older Ss, by contrast, recognized the incongruities present
      and expressed little confidence in their ability to infer the true affect state
      of the target character.

PMID- 965957
TI  - Subcellular distribution of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and inhibitors in the
      hippocampus and caudate nucleus in sheep brain.

PMID- 965958
TI  - Effects of hypothyroidism and undernutrition on DNA content and thymidine kinase
      activity during cerebellar development in the rat.

PMID- 965959
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on the pentose phosphate pathway in brain.

PMID- 965960
TI  - Increased concentrations of glycine in hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient mouse neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 965961
TI  - A new chemical method for quantifying melanin.

PMID- 965962
TI  - Leucine oxidation in brain slices and nerve endings.

PMID- 965963
TI  - The regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in brain in vivo.

PMID- 965964
TI  - Effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on gangliosides and sialoglycoproteins in
      subcellular fractions of rat brain.

PMID- 965965
TI  - The isolation and lipid composition of myelin-free axons from rat CNS.

PMID- 965966
TI  - Microheterogeneity and phosphoamino acids in the carboxy-terminal half of myelin
      basic protein.

PMID- 965967
TI  - Neutral lipids and phospholipids from cultured astroblasts.

PMID- 965968
TI  - Characteristics of acetylcholine release by superfused slices of rat brain.

PMID- 965969
TI  - Preconvulsive changes in brain glucose metabolism following drugs inhibiting
      glutamate decarboxylase.

PMID- 965970
TI  - Subcellular distribution and some properties of acetyl-coenzyme A hydrolase in
      the brain.

PMID- 965971
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for measuring 14-3-2 protein in cell extracts.

PMID- 965972
TI  - The uptake of low concentrations of lithium ions into rat cerebral cortex slices
      and its dependence on cations.

PMID- 965973
TI  - Fatty acid abnormality in adrenoleukodystrophy.

PMID- 965974
TI  - Alteration of myelin biosynthesis in slices of rabbit spinal cord by antiserum to
      myelin basic protein and by puromycin.

PMID- 965975
TI  - Metabolism of brain sphingomyelins: half-lives of sphingosine, fatty acids and
      phosphate from two types of rat brain sphingomyelin.

PMID- 965976
TI  - Uptake of glucose analogues by rat brain cortex slices: a kinetic analysis based
      upon a model.

PMID- 965977
TI  - Uptake of glucose analogues by rat brain cortex slices: Na+-independent membrane
      transport.

PMID- 965978
TI  - Biphasic myelination and the fatty acid composition of cerebrosides and
      cholesterol esters in the developing central nervous system of the domestic pig.

PMID- 965979
TI  - The effect of spermine and spermidine on the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine in
      the presence of rat caudate nucleus homogenate or acetylcholinesterase from
      Electrophorus electricus.

PMID- 965980
TI  - Topographical and subcellular distribution of choline acetyltransferase and
      glutamate decarboxylase in pigeon optic tectum.

PMID- 965981
TI  - Cerebral protein patterns from trained and naive pigeons.

PMID- 965982
TI  - Release of [3H] GABA from rat cortical slices: neuronal vs glial origin.

PMID- 965983
TI  - Immunochemical studies of the interaction between myelin basic protein and S-100
      protein.

PMID- 965984
TI  - Rat brain folate identification.

PMID- 965985
TI  - Influence of cold exposure on the activities of soluble and membrane-bound
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase in rat heart vesicles.

PMID- 965986
TI  - The subcellular localization of acetylcholinesterase and its molecular forms in
      pig cerebral cortex.

PMID- 965987
TI  - A sensitive enzymatic-isotopic method for the analysis of tyramine in brain and
      other tissues.

PMID- 965988
TI  - Effects of amphetamine administration in vivo on in vitro protein synthesizing
      system from rat brain.

PMID- 965989
TI  - Partial purification, properties and glycoproteins nature of arylsulphatase B
      from sheep brain.

PMID- 965990
TI  - Estimation of noradrenaline and its major metabolites synthesized from [3H]
      tyrosine in the rat brain.

PMID- 965991
TI  - Regional brain indoleamine metabolism following chronic portacaval anastomosis in
      the rat.

PMID- 965992
TI  - On the structure of two new gangliosides from beef brain.

PMID- 965993
TI  - The uptake of [3H] choline by snail (Helix pomatia) nervous tissue in vitro.

PMID- 965994
TI  - Carboxylesterases with defferent substrate specificity in human brain extracts.

PMID- 965995
TI  - The subcellular distribution of [14C] GABA and [3H] dopamine in the retina.

PMID- 965996
TI  - Cerebral anoxia: effect on neuron-glia fractions and polysomal protein synthesis.

PMID- 965997
TI  - Catabolism of prostaglandin endoperoxides into prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha by
      the rat brain.

PMID- 965998
TI  - Metabolic relationships between myelin subfractions: entry of galactolipids and
      phospholipids.

PMID- 965999
TI  - Metabolic relationships between myelin subfractions: entry of proteins.

PMID- 966000
TI  - Developmental features of cerebellar hypoplasia and brain bilirubin levels in a
      mutant (Gunn) rat with hereditary hyperbilirubinaemia.

PMID- 966001
TI  - Influence of lipids on the activity of cerebroside-sulphotransferase in mouse
      brain: a comparative study of Jimpty and normal mouse brains.

PMID- 966002
TI  - Purification of protein carboxymethylase from ox brain.

PMID- 966003
TI  - Rat brain aryl acylamidase: stereospecific inhibition by LSD and serotonin
      related compounds.

PMID- 966004
TI  - Effects of antagonists of adrenaline recepotrs and dopamine receptors and
      dopamine receptors on morphine-stimulated glycogen breakdown in mouse brain.

PMID- 966005
TI  - Purine nucleotide de novo viosynthesis in the brain.

PMID- 966006
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of UDP-glucose-4-epimerase from goat
      brain.

PMID- 966007
TI  - Effect of insulin and phenobarbital on uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by brain slices
      and hemidiaphragms.

PMID- 966008
TI  - An enzymatic-istopic method for DOPA and its use for the measurment of dopamine
      synthesis in rat substantia nigra.

PMID- 966009
TI  - Studies on the relationship between GABA synthesis and protein synthesis in
      brain.

PMID- 966010
TI  - Lipid composition and metabolism of cultured hamster brain astrocytes.

PMID- 966011
TI  - Changes in the GABA system in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis-induced
      paralysis.

PMID- 966012
TI  - Regional brain study of indoleamine metabolism in the rat in acute hepatic
      failure.

PMID- 966013
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol and other lipids in a mammalian sympathetic ganglion:
      effects of neuronal activity on incorporation of labelled inositol, phosphate,
      glycerol and acetate.

PMID- 966014
TI  - On the sequential cleavage of myelin basic protein by cathepsins A and D.

PMID- 966015
TI  - Effect of choline on the rates of synthesis and of release of acetylcholine in
      the electric organ of Torpedo.

PMID- 966016
TI  - A mass fragmentographic assay of 3-methoxytyramine in rat brain.

PMID- 966017
TI  - Subcellular localization of enzymes oxidizing citrate in the rat brain.

PMID- 966018
TI  - Amine formation from L-tryptophan in brain slices.

PMID- 966019
TI  - Ornithine and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities in the developing chick
      retina.

PMID- 966020
TI  - Acetylcholine translocation in synaptic vesicle ghosts in vitro.

PMID- 966021
TI  - Effect of exogenous lipids on activites on the rat brain cholesterol ester
      hydrolase localized in the myelin sheath.

PMID- 966022
TI  - The binding of acetylcholine to synaptic vesicles from Torpedo californica
      electroplax.

PMID- 966023
TI  - Isolation of hydrophobic proteins biding amino acids: L-aspartic acid-binding
      protein from the rat cerebral cortex.

PMID- 966024
TI  - Analysis of RNA synthesized by an isolated rat brain synaptosomal fraction.

PMID- 966025
TI  - Brain-specific antigens in the Quaking mouse during ontogeny.

PMID- 966026
TI  - The synthesis of brain chromosomal proteins after a pulse of the nervous system
      specific carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea to the fetal rat.

PMID- 966027
TI  - Protein-carboxyl methyltransferase of the bovine posterior pituitary gland:
      neurophysin as a potential endogenous substrate.

PMID- 966028
TI  - Subcellular fractions of normal human substantia nigra and caudate nucleus; a
      study of their morphology and some enzymes including glutamate decarboxylase and
      choline acetyltransferase.

PMID- 966029
TI  - Rapidly labelling and exported neuronal protein; [3H]fucose as a precursor, and
      effects of cycloheximide and colchicine.

PMID- 966030
TI  - The differential incorporation of labelled linoleic, gamma-linolenic, dihomo
      gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acids into the developing rat brain.

PMID- 966031
TI  - Wallerian degeneration of rat sciatic nerve. Changes in cholesteryl ester content
      and fatty acid composition.

PMID- 966032
TI  - Glucose consumption in the cerebral cortex of rat during bicuculline-induced
      status epilipticus.

PMID- 966033
TI  - Loss of vesicular acetycholine in the Torpedo electric organ on discharge against
      high external resistance.

PMID- 966034
TI  - Modification of pp' DDT induced convulsions by changes in the level of cerebral
      gamma-aminobutyric acid in mice.

PMID- 966035
TI  - Cerebellum cerebrosides in postnatal rats.

PMID- 966036
TI  - Kinematics of locomotion by cats with a single hindlimb deafferented.
AB  - 1. Cinematographic measurements were made of stepping by cats on a motor-driven
      treadmill, both normally and 2-3 wk after deafferentation of the LH (left hind)
      limb. 2. After surgery, rhythmic cycling of the LH limb was blurred whether the
      leg was dragged, as by some cats, or if it was lifted from the surface, as by
      others. 3. Interlimb coordination was also blurred with respect to normal,
      although distinct rhythms were still seen. The RH (right hind) limb descended
      prematurely and, in the walk, had a prolonged stance phase. The interval between
      touchdowns of hind- and forelimb on the left side no longer equaled that interval
      on the right side. 4. As is true for a normal cat, if the LH-deafferented animal
      stumbled, relatively normal single and interlimb cyclings were regained after
      several strides. 5. By kinematic analysis, force deficits were found in the
      deafferented LH limb both during the stance, when extensors should be most
      active, and the swing, when the limb failed to attain a normal position above the
      surface of the belt. Weight bearing by the LF (left fore) limb was altered in
      some animals. 6. At high speed, mean LH stance duration failed to decrease in the
      normal fashion. Inter-limb timings were reset to greater extent than in low-speed
      walking, as if the LH limb was being used only minimally. 7. It was concluded
      that both rhythm and force were impaired in the deafferented limb and also in the
      three intact limbs, whose weight bearing had to compensate for LH weakness. The
      changed mechanical demands after surgery were probably met by interactions
      between the remaining afferent input and central pattern generators so as to
      secure fairly effective and expedient locomotion.

PMID- 966037
TI  - Responses of cells of posterior lateral line lobe to activation of
      electroreceptors in a mormyrid fish.
AB  - Activity of neurons in the lateral line lobe was studied by intracellular
      recording of responses to stimulation of the lateral line nerves and of
      electroreceptors on the skin surface. Two modes of activation occur for cells
      responding to inputs from medium receptors. There is a direct monosynaptic input
      mediated by a single fiber. Short latency of response and antidromic spread from
      cell to afferent fiber indicate that the mediating synapse is electrotonic. The
      second input is from a number of additional fibers and is relayed, presumably by
      the granule cells. At shortest latency this input is disynaptic, probably
      involving at least one electrotonic synapse. A relay is indicated by
      heterosynaptic facilitation of the PSP and by pronounced depression with
      repetitive stimulation. The monosynaptic input may be on the axon. Disynaptic
      inputs are distributed over the dendrites, and impulses can arise in the
      dendrites. What appear to be spikes restricted to dendritic regions are often
      recorded as small brief potentials in the cell body. There is a somatotopic
      projection of the electroreceptors to the lateral line lobe. The monosynaptic
      input comes from a specific receptor in the periphery. Strong disynaptic inputs
      come from a group of receptors generally found anterior, but less commonly
      posterior or lateral, to the receptor giving rise to the monosynaptic input.
      Additional inputs that are inhibitory come from surrounding receptors. The
      inhibition only affects responses to the disynaptic input. The different inputs
      and multiple sites of impulse initiation must modify the cell's response as
      compared with the input-output relations that would be obtained with inputs
      acting on a single summation point. Cells responding to activation of large
      receptors are infrequent. They are characterized by low threshold, little latency
      change near threshold, and ability to follow high frequencies of stimulation.

PMID- 966038
TI  - Frequency response of human soleus muscle.
AB  - 1. The properties of human soleus muscle were studied by systems analysis. Single
      stimulus pulses and random stimulus pulse trains were applied to a branch of the
      nerve to soleus muscle and the resultant tension fluctuations were recorded. 2.
      The frequency-response function between stimulus pulses and tension conforms to
      that of a second-order, low-pass filter. The parameters of the second-order
      system, low frequency gain, natural frequency, and damping ratio, varied
      systematically with the angle of the ankle. As the ankle was flexed (the length
      of the muscle was increased), the low frequency gain increased, the natural
      frequency decreased, and the damping ratio was unaffected or increased slightly.
      3. These results are discussed in relation to the twitch responses of human
      soleus muscles and the responses previously observed in cat muscles.

PMID- 966039
TI  - Axon conduction block in a region of dense connective tissue in crayfish.
AB  - 1. The excitor nerve which innervates the opener muscle of the crayfish walking
      leg was stimulated repetitively for prolonged periods of time. 2. After an
      initial facilitation and subsequent depression of the postsynaptic potentials,
      occasional stimulus pulses failed to evoke a postsynaptic response; eventually,
      every second stimulus pulse failed to produce a postsynaptic potential change.
      This is termed the 1:1 block state. 3. The block resulted from failure of the
      appropriate nerve action potentials to propagate through an identifiable region
      of the axon. This region was in the joint between the propodite and the
      carpopodite and was characterized by dense surrounding connective tissue. 4.
      Associated with block development is a decrease in axon conduction velocity and
      an increase in the amplitude of the postsynaptic potentials; this latter
      phenomenon is termed anomalous facilitation and results from a decrease in the
      extent of synaptic depression. 5. The cause of the conduction block resides in
      the associated nonneural tissue and not in some geometrical property of the axon.
      6. It is concluded that extracellular accumulation of K+, because of limited
      diffusion possibilities and possibly reduced Schwann cell tissue, depolarizes the
      axon, leading to propagation failure.

PMID- 966040
TI  - Mechanoreceptors for near-field water displacements in crayfish.
AB  - 1. Mechanosensory hairs on the surface of the crayfish telson are dually
      innervated, one sensory cell responding to headward, the other to tailward
      deflection of the hair. The average conduction velocity of headward elements was
      0.8 m/s (variance 0.08) and of tailward elements 1.2 m/s (variance 0.19). In a
      frequency range from 0.05 to 200 Hz, thresholds were lowest near 20 Hz: 0.08 mum
      (pp) for headward-sensitive and 0.1 mum (pp) for tailward-sensitive cells. 2. The
      receptors are displacement sensitive since thresholds are of the same order of
      magnitude over the frequency range 1-70 Hz when the hair is moved by a vibrating
      wire loop. With natural stimuli (surface waves), the velocity component of the
      particle movement (and consequently force) becomes influential. The coding of a
      broad range of stimulus intensities is aided by variations in mechanical
      properties of the hair. 3. Marked directionality (better than 4:1), in addition
      to the dual innervation, enhances vector detection. At least part of this
      characteristic stems from the hingelike articulation of the hair on the body
      surface: the hair can be moved easily 40 degrees tailward and 20 degrees
      headward, but must be forced in the orthogonal direction. Morphological studies
      indicate the presence of a double pivoted hinge, with rigid guides for movement
      of the hair shaft. Preliminary results of electron microscope examination show a
      clearly polarized arrangement of densely packed microtubules in the two
      dendrites; they appear interconnected in groups of two and three along a line
      parallel to the sensitivity plane of the receptor. 4. The 50-fold threshold
      difference between the results of behavioral experiments in lobsters (24) and the
      data for the individual receptors reported here may be due to improvement in
      signal-to-noise ratio by central nervous averaging of  the input from an
      estimated 2 X 10(3) receptors (Procambarus), and/or to the kind of threshold
      criteria applied to individual receptor thresholds. As would be expected (35),
      the sensory cells of each directional class synapse with separate interneurons:
      in this way, the organism might employ differential microphones to reduce
      background noise. 5. The receptors are analogous to those of the lateral-line
      system in lower vertebrates in having receptors with sensitivities polarized by
      180 degrees. These similarities suggest that in both cases monitoring of near
      field water displacements has proved in essential way of orienting in opaque
      waters.

PMID- 966041
TI  - Integration of directional mechanosensory input by crayfish interneurons.
AB  - 1. Interneurons activated by mechanosensory hairs on the crayfish telson respond
      selectively to directional displacements of the medium; the directions of maximum
      sensitivity lie 180 degrees apart in approximately the rostrocaudal plane,
      corresponding to the directional sensitivities of the two populations of primary
      afferent neurons. We have examined the basis for this selectivity by
      intracellular recording in the interneurons, correlating subthreshold potentials
      with activity evoked in identified afferents by bending single hairs or by
      producing nearfield displacements of the medium. 2. Interneurons can usually be
      caused to discharge by a brief train of impulses in single sensory axons. Unitary
      EPEPs are associated with arriving affterent spikes in the fourth (sensory) root;
      each primary interneuron receives convergence from several sensory axons, all
      sensitive to the same direction of movement. Since each afferent axon is drawn
      from a pair innervating a single sensory structure, this remarkable specificity
      of connection is unlikely to depend on an anatomical mode of address. 3. Higher
      order interneurons receive from directionally sensitive lower order interneurons
      of the same class, as well as from primary afferents of that class. The responses
      of such cells may show much more decrement during a train of displacement stimuli
      than do those of lower order cells. Directionality does not appear to be
      enhanced. 4. During the "null phase" some interneurons appear to be actively
      inhibited: bending of single hairs 180 degrees away from the effective direction
      may produce membrane hyperpolarization and slow spontaneous discharges, and
      shocks to afferent roots produce mixtures of monosynaptic EPSPs and polysynaptic
      IPSPs.

PMID- 966042
TI  - Electrical measurement of axon diameter and its use in relating motoneuron size
      to critical firing level.
AB  - 1. Action potentials of single plantaris motoneurons were recorded monophasically
      from fine ventral root filaments. A resistor was placed in shunt across the
      recording electrodes and its value was varied until the size of the action
      potentials was reduced by one-half. At this point the resistance of the filament
      was taken to be equal to that of the shunt, and the quotient of action-potential
      amplitude divided by filament resistance was proportional to the axonal action
      current. 2. The measurement of axonal action currents depends on the assumption
      that the filament-electrode system obeys Ohm's law. Tests were performed which
      validated this assumption. It was then shown that the axonal action currents
      varied as the square of conduction velocity over the range of alpha and gamma
      motoneurons. 3. A direct correlation was established between the critical firing
      levels of motoneurons and the sizes of the impulses in their axons after the
      recorded sizes had been normalized in accordance with the resistances of the
      ventral root filaments in which they were located. Since both the CFL and axonal
      diameter were related to impulse size, they were related to each other (Fig. 6).
      4. Evidence is cited justifying the conclusion that the dimater of a motor axon
      is directly related to the size of its soma. Thus, it may be inferred that the
      critical firing level of a motoneuron is a function of its size.

PMID- 966043
TI  - Modulation of spike frequency by regions of special axonal geometry and by
      synaptic inputs.
AB  - 1. Spike propagation across the nonhomogeneous section of the giant axon in
      ganglion T3 of the cockroach was analyzed by intracellular microelectrodes
      recording at the posterior and anterior ends of T3. Ascending and descending
      potentials were evoked by stimulation of A5-A6 and T2-T3 connectives. 2. At high
      frequencies, descending and ascending impulses exhibit the following: a)
      consecutive reduction in the spike amplitude, b) a decrease in the
      afterhyperpolarization; c) gradual appearance of a prepotential together with an
      increase in delay of spike initiation; d) failure of full spike invasion into the
      recording area, showing only a decremental potential. 3. The duration of a train
      required to block spike propagation when the whole connective is stimulated is
      much shorter (about 6 times) than that required when a single giant axon is
      stimulated. 4. The conduction block is associated with a marked decrease in
      effective membrane resistance, greater than that expected from depolarization and
      delayed rectification. 5. Synaptic potentials could be recorded in the giant
      axons in the caudal base of ganglion T3 after stimulation of either the
      ipsilateral or contralateral connectives at both ends of the ganglion. These
      synaptic potentials could be blocked by d-tubocurarine (d-TC) or low Ca2+-high
      Mg2+. 6. Activation of these synapses produces a marked increase in membrane
      conductance, blocking propagation of spike trains through the ganglion. 7. After
      these synapses are blocked by d-TC or low Ca2+-high Mg2+, high-frequency
      stimulation still produces a conduction block. 8. It seems that conduction of
      spike during repetitive stimulation is affected both by accumulation of
      extracellular potassium, which depolarizes the membrane and causes sodium
      inactivation, and by activation of synaptic inputs to shunt the membrane in this
      region. 8. Each of these two mechanisms by itself can produce conduction block
      along the giant axons in ganglion T3.

PMID- 966044
TI  - Ultrastructure of region of a low safety factor in inhomogeneous giant axon of
      the cockroach.
AB  - 1. The structure of the ventral giant axons of the cockroach at the level of
      ganglion T3 was studied by means of light and electron microscopy. 2. From serial
      sections and cobalt injections, the axons diameter was found to range between 40
      and 60 mum at the caudal end of ganglion T3; toward the center of T3 they narrow
      to 20-40 mum, and again expand to 30-45 mum anteriorly in ganglion T3. 3. Each
      giant axon sends off several branches, 1-15 mum in diameter, into the neuropil.
      The giant axons and the bases of their branches are enveloped by cytoplasmic
      processes of glial cells. The periaxonal space is about 100-200 A. 4. Distally
      the branches are devoid of glial envelopes and the extracellular space between
      the branches and other axonal profiles is about 200 A. Terminals with presumptive
      chemical synapses on the giant axon branches were found. Clear vesicles, 300-400
      A in diameter, are seen clustered together. The width of the supposedly synaptic
      gap is about 100 A. 5. In some areas the branches and other axonal profiles form
      close appositions.

PMID- 966045
TI  - Theoretical analysis of parameters leading to frequency modulation along an
      inhomogeneous axon.
AB  - 1. Theoretical computations were conducted on a computer model of a segmented,
      nonhomogeneous axon to understand the mechanism of frequency block of conduction.
      2. The model is based on the Hodgkin-Huxley equations modified in several ways to
      better describe the cockroach axon. We used cockroach parameters where available.
      3. The increase in fiber radius was spread over a series of segments to
      approximate a taper. We found that a taper allows a larger overall increase in
      fiber diameter than a single step to be successfully passed. 4. We studied
      effects on a train of impulses. The modified equations included effects due to
      changes in extracellular potassium concentration resulting from the repetitive
      firing of the axon. 5. An increase in diameter which allows a single spike to
      pass blocks the subsequent impulses in a train at the taper if potassium
      concentration variability is introduced. This could explain the low-pass filter
      characteristics of axon constrictions. 6. Results of the model fit well with the
      experiemental spike shape and height. Data were computed for the refractory
      period and its dependence on the taper parameters.

PMID- 966046
TI  - Determination of cortisol binding capacity in human peripheral plasma using a
      competitive protein binding technique and gel equilibration with Sephadex G-25.

PMID- 966047
TI  - Acute effect of prednisone on urinary excretion of radiocalcium in man.

PMID- 966048
TI  - Fission-produced 99Mo-99mTc generator system for medical use.

PMID- 966049
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of aldosterone in crude plasma extracts.

PMID- 966050
TI  - Preparation and use of high specific activity 123I-labeled fibrinogen for deep
      veins thrombi imaging.

PMID- 966051
TI  - An approach by means of mathematical models to the analysis of ferrokinetic data
      obtained by liquid scintillation counting of 59Fe.

PMID- 966052
TI  - Imaging small pulmonary ischemic lesions after radioactive carbon monoxide
      inhalation.
AB  - A new method is described for imaging small ischemic regions in the lung
      immediately after a single breath of radioactive carbon monoxide (11CO). A
      tungsten-collimated scintillation camera is used to visualize the  0.51-MeV
      annihilation photons due to the 11C. In normal dogs the entire field is cleared
      of 11CO within 10 sec. However, in dogs with experimentally occluded 2-mm-diam
      segmental arteries, the ischemic but well-ventilated segment appears as a region
      of persistent high radioactivity, due most likely to temporary entrapment of 11CO
      labeled red blood cells in the ischemic region. This technique also provides a
      simple noninvasive means for instantly labeling the systemic circulation without
      left heart catheterization.

PMID- 966053
TI  - Significance of delayed 67Ga localization in the kidneys.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-five 67Ga-citrate scans were performed to detect
      suspected occult inflammatory processes. None of the patients had a known
      malignancy. Renal activity was noted in 12 patients (6.8%) on the 48-hr image.
      These patients had either pyelonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, vasculitis, or
      a renal abscess. Since delayed 67Ga uptake in the kidneys may be the first
      evidence of renal disease, further investigation, including either arteriography
      or biopsy, is necessary. In patients with a known malignancy, tumor involvement
      must be considered.

PMID- 966054
TI  - A simple technique for measuring relative renal blood flow.
AB  - To determine whether externally monitored early renal uptake of 131I-hippurate is
      proportional to renal blood flow, the renal uptake of 131I-hippurate at 1--2 min
      after injection was compared with the renal accumulation of radioactive
      carbonized microspheres in dogs. A renal artery catheter equipped with a balloon
      was used to decrease renal blood flow unilaterally. One minute after the
      intravenous injection of 100 muCi of 131I-hippurate, about 1 muCi of either  85Sr
      or 98Nb-labeled carbon microspheres was injected into the left ventricle.
      Radioactivity was measured over both kidneys. The total radioactivity within each
      kidney region of interest was corrected for background and integrated over the 1-
      2 min after injection. Thirteen measurements of relative renal blood flow were
      made for seven dogs. The dogs were then killed and both kidneys were excised and
      counted for the radioactivity of the microspheres. The 1--2-min relative renal
      uptake of 131I-hippurate correlated well with relative microsphere uptake,
      suggesting that relative renal blood flow can be simply determined from the
      external measurement of renal uptake of 131I-hippurate.

PMID- 966055
TI  - Intercomparison of myocardial imaging agents: 201Ti, 129Cs, 43K, and 81Rb.
AB  - Thallium-201, 129Cs, 43K, and 81Rb were evaluated as "static" myocardial-imaging
      agents. Optimal settings of the scintillation camera were determined for each
      agent. Accumulation for good-quality images can be started as early as 5 min
      after the dose with 43K, 10 min with 201T1, and 30 min with 129Cs. Imaging times
      were comparable for 43K, 129Cs, and 201T1 (using the 80-keV x-rays). High-energy
      photons from the 81Rb preparation, largely from 82mRb contaminant, made it
      impossible to obtain an interpretable image without the addition of more
      shielding. Absorbed radiation dose from 81Rb is lower than that from 43K, 129Cs,
      and 201T1. The highest background activity was observed with 81Rb, followed by
      43K, 129Cs, and 201T1 in that order. Overall, 201T1 was best suited for imaging
      acute myocardial infarction with currently available equipment, and 129Cs was
      next best. However, because of instrument setting and commercially obtained
      preparations, 81Rb could not be properly compared with the other radionuclides in
      our study.

PMID- 966056
TI  - Right atrial myxoma presenting as nonresolving pulmonary emboli: case report.
AB  - A case of right atrial myxoma causing extensive pulmonary embolization is
      described. Five years elapsed between the initial consultation and the correct
      diagnosis. The patient has been free of symptoms for 3 years following surgical
      removal of the tumor. The clinical manifestations of right atrial myxoma, the
      differential diagnosis, and the atypical lung-scan features are discussed.

PMID- 966057
TI  - Gallium imaging in pulmonary artery sarcoma mimicking pulmonary embolism: case
      report.
AB  - Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma provides perfusion-ventilation images, as well
      as arteriographic studies, that can suggest pulmonary embolism. The awareness of
      atypical correlation among the studies for pulmonary embolism can lead to an
      early suspicion of pulmonary artery tumor. Imaging with 67Ga-citrate may
      facilitate earlier diagnosis.

PMID- 966058
TI  - Intense myocardial uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate in a uremic patient with
      secondary hyperparathyroidism and pericarditis: case report.
AB  - A patient on chronic hemodialysis, with secondary hyperparathyroidism and uremic
      pericarditis, showed marked myocardial uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate. Several
      possible mechanisms for the myocardial uptake are discussed.

PMID- 966059
TI  - Scan findings in a case of splenic infarction due to amyloidosis: case report.
AB  - Spleen images in a patient with monoclonal gammopathy showed numerous areas of
      decreased radiocolloid accumulation. Microscopic examination revealed areas of
      coagulation necrosis with diffuse amyloid infiltration in the spleen. In this
      patient, amyloidosis is considered to have caused the infarct.

PMID- 966060
TI  - Scintigraphic detection of hepatic metastases with 131I-labeled steroid in
      recurrent adrenal carcinoma: case report.
AB  - Abdominal scintigraphy using a new 131I-labeled steroid agent was performed on a
      40-year-old women proven by surgery to have adrenocortical carcinoma.
      Considerable accumulations were observed at the sites of liver metastasis.
      Hepatic scintigraphy and autopsy findings revealed that the accumulation was more
      marked on the active cancer cells and only slight in the central necrotic tissue.
      Adrenal scintigraphy is valuable in the study of metastatic hormone-producing
      adrenal carcinoma.

PMID- 966061
TI  - Quality assurance for 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate.
AB  - Because skeletal images obtained with a commercial lyophilized preparation of
      99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate were occasionally degraded by liver and spleen uptake, a
      method for preparing 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate and a system for in-house quality
      assurance were developed. Control of the age of the stannous chloride solution
      and the final pH of the 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate eliminated the undesirable uptake.
      The quality and body distribution of the in-house preparation were compared to
      those of the radiopharmaceutical from a commercial kit.

PMID- 966062
TI  - A new dual-probe system for the rapid bedside assessment of left ventricular
      function.
AB  - A mobile dual-probe system has been developed for the rapid bedside measurement
      of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from the beat-to-beat count rate
      variations that occur during the transit of a single  radionuclide bolus through
      the left ventricle (LV). Cardiac output, pulmonary blood volume, and left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume can also be calculated. The dual-probe system
      incorporates a central collimated probe for monitoring activity in the LV
      surrounded by an annular detector collimated in such a manner as to provide
      simultaneous real-time monitoring of the LV background activity. The LVEFs
      obtained from this system correlated well with LVEFs derived from conventional
      single-plane contrast angiography (r=0.90) in a series of 33 patients with
      coronary artery disease. Positioning the dual probe over the midpoint of the LV
      is accomplished with standard M-mode ultrasound. Since the method is noninvasive
      and sensitive to volume changes in the LV, the dual probe is particularly useful
      for monitoring seriously ill patients as well as those with segmental wall-motion
      abnormalities.

PMID- 966063
TI  - Direct recording on rectilinear scan images on 4x5-in. film.
AB  - Rectilinear scans are usually recorded on 14 X 17-in. x-ray film. This is costly
      both in terms of film and storage space. Using 4 X 5-in. film instead of the
      larger film will reduce this cost. An Ohio-Nuclear Model 84FD dual-probe 5-in.
      scanner was converted for the production of scan images directly on 4 X 5-in film
      (Kodak SO-79 nuclear medicine film). The smaller images may be viewed directly on
      a standard x-ray viewbox, or they may be projected if a larger image is desired.
      The image quality is excellent. This system has replaced the 14 X 17-in. film at
      our institution.

PMID- 966064
TI  - Effect of tin-induced enzymes on pertechnetate distribution.

PMID- 966065
TI  - Effect of dietary chromium on glucose tolerance and serum cholesterol in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - The effects of feeding three levels of dietary chromium (Cr) to non-pregnant
      guinea pigs, guinea pigs during pregnancy and lactation and F-1 offspring guinea
      pigs on weight gain, glucose tolerance, glucose peak time value and serum
      cholesterol concentration has been investigated. Dietary levels of Cr were: Basal
      Diet (B) = 0.125 ppm; B supplemented with 0.5 ppm Cr (S1 Diet) and B supplemented
      with 50 ppm Cr (S2 Diet). All groups had similar weight gain patterns and daily
      feed intake levels. Parent generation guinea pigs fed the B diet consumed less
      than 10 mug Cr/kg body weight/day while F-U guinea pigs consumed more than this
      amount. Mortality rates during pregnancy were greater in guinea pigs fed the B
      diet than in the Cr supplemented groups suggesting a possible protective effect
      by Dr. Glucose tolerance, glucose peak time values and serum cholesterol appeared
      to be more affected by pregnancy and generation of guinea pigs than by the level
      of dietary Cr. Results suggest that species differences may exist between Cr
      requirements of guinea pigs and rodents for avoiding glucose tolerance.

PMID- 966066
TI  - Postnatal patterns of brain lipids in progeny of vitamin B-6 deficient rats
      before and after pyridoxine supplementation.
AB  - The influence of deficient and adequate maternal intakes of pyridoxine on lipid
      profiles in brains of progeny at 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 days of age was studied.
      The effects of supplementing deficient dams at two different times with
      pyridoxine on the brain development of progeny were also examined. Three groups
      of weanling, female rats were fed diets deficient in pyridoxine (1.2 mg
      pyridoxine-HC1/kg diet) and another group received a control diet (30.0 mg
      pyridoxine-HC1/kg diet). One deficient group and the control group were fed their
      diets throughout growth, gestation and lactation. Two groups of dams were fed the
      deficient diet through growth, gestation and until 5 or 10 days postpartum when
      pyridoxine was supplemented by feeding the control diet. Body and brain weights
      were significantly lower in 15, 25 and 50 day-old progeny of deficient dams and
      deficient dams supplemented at 10 days postpartum. Cerebroside content at 15 days
      and ganglioside content at 15 and 25 days were significantly lower in brains of
      pups from unsupplemented deficient dams and deficient dams supplemented at 10
      days postpartum. The postnatal development of cerebroside and ganglioside levels
      in brain was delayed or retarded in brain of pups from unsupplemented deficient
      dams. Supplementation of dams fed a low level of pyridoxine (1.2 mg/kg diet) with
      the vitamin beginning at 5 days postpartum reversed all observed effects of the
      low vitamin intake on brain lipids in progeny.

PMID- 966067
TI  - Postnatal patterns of fatty acids in brain of progeny from vitamin B-6 deficient
      rats before and after pyridoxine supplementation.
AB  - The influence of deficient and adequate maternal intakes of pyridoxine on fatty
      acid profiles in brains of progeny at 5, 10, and 15 days of age was studied. The
      effects of two different times of initiating rehabilitation of deficient dams on
      the brain development of progeny at 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 days of age were also
      examined. Three groups of weanling, female rats were fed diets deficient in
      pyridoxine (1.2 mg pyridoxine-HC1/kg diet) and a fourth group received a control
      diet (30.0 mg pyridoxine-HC1/kg diet) throughout growth, gestation and until 5
      and 10 days postpartum. Supplementation with 30.0 mg pyridoxine-HC1/kg was begun
      in two deficient groups at 5 and 10 days postpartum. Fatty acids C18:2, C20:4,
      and C22:6 in cerebellum were significantly lower in brains of 15 day-old pups
      from unsupplemented deficient dams compared to values for pups of control dams.
      Significant reductions in the omega6 fatty acids (C18:2, C20:4, and C22:4) were
      evident in cerebellum of 15 day-old progeny of unsupplemented deficient dams.
      Fatty acids C20:1 and C24:0 were not detectable in cerebellum or cerebrum of the
      deficient group at 15 days but were evident in other groups. Supplementation of
      deficient dams with vitamin B-6 at 5 and 10 days postpartum prevented the
      reduction of omega6 fatty acids found in deficient progeny.

PMID- 966068
TI  - Effect of dietary copper, manganese, and zinc on nitrogen equilibrium and mineral
      distribution subsequent to trauma in mature rats.
AB  - Following fracture of the femur, changes in nitrogen retention and mineral tissue
      concentrations in response to graded levels of dietary copper, manganese, and
      zinc were investigated. Retained nitrogen and liver copper, manganese, zinc,
      nitrogen and glycogen were determined prior to trauma and at 48-hour intervals
      for 8 days posttrauma. The excretion of nitrogen increased, and liver
      copper,manganese, and zinc decreased, as did liver nitrogen and glycogen in
      response to fracture. Increasing dietary copper, manganese, or zinc increased
      liver copper, manganese, or zinc, respectively, and decreased nitrogen loss by
      traumatized rats. The data suggest that trauma induced a change in the
      concentrations of liver copper, manganese, and zinc which coincided with changes
      in liver nitrogen and glycogen. The results indicated that subsequent to femoral
      fracture, the nutritional requirement for copper, manganese, and zinc for minimal
      nitrogen loss were higher than the NRC requirements for the mature male rat.

PMID- 966069
TI  - A method to measure the adsorption of bile salts to vegetable fiber of differing
      water holding capacity.
AB  - Dietary vegetable fibers have physico-chemical properties which may influence
      their role in nutrition. A method is described which measures bile acid
      adsorption to fibers of differing water holding capacity. Such absorption studies
      are complicated by the water held in the fiber matrix which includes bile acid in
      solution. The entrapped solution gives some apparent adsorption but this can be
      removed by washing the fibers with water. This method differentiates between
      strong adsorption and reversible adsorption. This enables dietary vegetable
      fibers to be classified according to their bile acid absorption capacity which
      may be useful in selecting fibers for clinical trials.

PMID- 966070
TI  - Comparative human intestinal bioavailability of vitamin B-6 from a synthetic and
      a natural source.
AB  - Intraluminal perfusion of human jejunum has not been previously reported to
      demonstrate differences in bioavailability of vitamins from a food product. In
      this report, a triple lumen tube with a 30 cm study segment was used to study
      water soluble vitamin absorption in 15 normal subjects serving as their own
      controls. The intestinal uptake of vitamin B-6 from organ juice (O) and from a
      synthetic solution (S) perfused at 7.6 ml/minute were compared. In a separate
      series of perfusions in six subjects, the absorption of a mixture pf pyridoxine,
      pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine from O and S solutions with and without glucose were
      compared. Mean vitamin B-6 absorption was significantly greater from S (65%
      uptake, transport rate 0.71 mug/cm/hour) than from 9 (30% uptake, transport rate
      0.40 mug/cm/hour, p less than 0.05). The addition of glucose to S enhanced this
      difference. Triple lumen intestinal perfusion can be used to discriminate
      difference in bioavailability of water soluble vitamins from natural and
      synthetic sources.

PMID- 966071
TI  - Influence of diet on glucose tolerance, on the rate of glucose utilization and on
      gluconeogenic enzyme activities in the dog.
AB  - Four diets containing 0 to 62% of energy from carbohydrate and 24% to 48% of
      energy from protein were fed to young dogs. Two of the diets (diets LPLC and
      HPLC) were carbohydrate-free and two of the diets (diets HPHC and HPLC) contained
      46% to 48% protein. The influence of these diets on several parameters of glucose
      metabolism was ascertained. Following an intravenous glucose load, plasma glucose
      levels were higher in dogs fed carbohydrate-free diets (diets LPLC and HPLC) than
      observed in dogs fed carbohydrate-containing diets (diet LPHC and HPHC).
      Consumption of high-protein diets (diets HPHC and HPLC) also impaired glucose
      tolerance. Estimates of glucose utilization were obtained. Dogs fed carbohydrate
      containing diets exhibited a higher rate of glucose utilization than did dogs fed
      the carbohydrate-free diets. Fasting the dogs for 48 hours reduced the glucose
      replacement rate in dogs fed the carbohydrate-containing diets but did not
      influence the rate of glucose utilization in dogs fed the carbohydrate-free
      diets. The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and of
      pyruvate carboxylase (PYCAR) in livers and kidneys of these dogs were influenced
      by the diets fed. Mitochondrial PEPCK and PYCAR activities in both liver and
      kidney were increased in dogs fed the carbohydrate-free diets. Consumption of the
      high-protein diets actually decreased the activities of PEPCK in liver and kidney
      mitochondria.

PMID- 966072
TI  - Effect of stable strontium on the tissue alkaline and acid phosphatase activities
      of rat: feeding studies.
AB  - The effect of feeding stable strontium (Sr) on the tissue alkaline and acid
      phosphatase activities was studied in young rats. These activities were reduced
      in liver and small intestine by 10% to 15% at 2 weeks, 20% to 30% at 4 weeks and
      in kidney by 20% at 6 weeks only in rats fed 2% Sr diet; bone alkaliine
      phosphatase activity was, however, increased by 80% to 100% (2-6 weeks) in these
      rats. Gross lesions like paralysis, hemorrhage, rickets and high mortality were
      observed after 4 to 6 weeks. Although no such lesions were seen, appreciable
      changes in enzyme activities as mentioned above were discernible in rats fed 1%
      Sr diet for 6 weeks. Feeding of a 0.5% Sr diet for a period up to 6 weeks had no
      deleterious effect. Recovery following consumption of a normal diet for 2 weeks
      was almost complete in liver and small intestine but not in kidney. The elevated
      tissue Sr levels do not explain the pronounced losses seen in this investigation
      as compared to those in the earlier in vitro experiments. This study depicts the
      possible damage due to prolonged therapeutic use of large amounts of stable Sr
      for the removal of radiostrontium.

PMID- 966073
TI  - Effect of dietary protein depletion on the galactose elimination capacity in
      intact rats.
AB  - The galactose elimination capacity (GEC) of rats fed low protein liquid diets and
      libitum with 5% or 0.5% of the energy as protein was compared with that of a
      control group receiving a similar diet with 25% of the energy as protein. The
      daily dietary energy intake was almost identical in the three groups. The rats
      fed the 5% protein diet showed slightly higher GEC than the control group. In the
      rats receiving the 0.5% protein diet, GEC was significantly decreased to
      approximately half of the control values and the hepatic protein content was
      reduced to the same extent. Body weight and liver weight showed reductions to
      approximately 75% of control values. Triglyceride content in the livers was
      increased five times in the protein depleted rats. The results indicate that GEC
      in rats deprived of dietary protein is determined by the amount of hepatic
      protein.

PMID- 966074
TI  - Evidence that vitamin A is not required for the biosynthesis of ovalbumin in
      chicks.
AB  - Four-day-old pullets fed a vitamin A-deficient diet were stimulated daily with 1
      mg 17beta-estradiol-3-benzoate/day for 6 to 19 days. The onset of vitamin A
      deficiency had no effect on oviduct growth in these chicks; even though vitamin A
      deficient chicks showed a severe decline in growth rate while controls (fed the
      same diet supplemented with retinyl palmitate) continued to grow, estrogen
      stimulated resulted in similar oviduct size. Ovalbumin concentrations of estrogen
      stimulated chicks were determined by immunoprecipitation of the soluble protein
      supernatant fraction of oviduct. The concentration of ovalbumin in oviducts of
      chicks fed a vitamin A-supplemented diet was similar in the concentration in
      oviducts of chicks fed a vitamin A-deficient diet. The incorporation of
      [3H]glucosamine and 14C-amino acids into immunoprecipitable ovalbumin, following
      the in vitro incubation of minced oviduct, indicated that ovalbumin synthesis was
      not affected by vitamin A deficiency. The specific activity of incorporated
      [3H]glucosamine, the 14C-amino acid incorporation into ovalbumin, the relative
      rate of ovalbumin synthesis, and the relative effiency of [3H]glucosamine
      incorporation into ovalbumin were each similar between the two diet groups. The
      relative efficiency of [3H]glucosamine incorporation into sodium dodecyl sulfate
      and dithiothreitol extractable membranous proteins of oviduct was not affect by
      vitamin A deficiency.

PMID- 966075
TI  - The effect of an acute dose of biotin at a post-implantation stage and its
      relation with female sex steriods in the rat.
AB  - An acute dose (10 mg/100 g body weight) of biotin at the post-implantation stage
      (day 14 and 15) inhibited the fetal and placental growth, and in few rats it also
      caused resorption of fetuses and placentae. The maintenance of pregnancy with
      normal fetal and placental growth was effected with estrogen therapy, but
      progesterone failed to correct the biotin-induced effect. The uterine and
      placental glycogen, RNA and protein levels, as well as, glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity in the ovary, liver and uterus showed a reduction
      following biotin treatment. Estrogen therapy under such conditions corrected
      these adverse effects of biotin overdose, while progesterone had no significant
      effects. The study suggests that the acute dose of biotin at an advance stage of
      pregnancy may cause adverse effects on the physiological regulation of gestation,
      possibly by creating deficiency of estrogen and gestagen. The possible role of
      estrogen in the fetal and placental growth and regulation of gestagen secretion
      is discussed.

PMID- 966076
TI  - Fundamental studies on physiological and pharmacological actions of L-ascorbate 2
      sulfate. I. On the hypolipidemic effects.
AB  - The effects of L-ascorbate 2-sulfate (AAS) on the lipid metabolism were examined
      in Triton-induced hyperlipemic mice, hypercholesterolemic and normal rats, the
      following results being obtained. 1) In Triton-induced hyperlipemic mice, AAS
      (300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the serum cholesterol level, while L
      ascorbate (AA, 175 mg/kg) was found ineffective. 2)In hypercholesterolemic rats
      fed 0.5% cholesterol diet, the consecutive administration of AAS decreased the
      level of serum cholesterol and liver triacylglycerols. AA only slightly affected
      these levels. However, both AAS and AA prevented the unordinal increase in the
      liver weight caused by cholesterol feeding. 3)In normal rats, the administration
      of AAS over a 4-week period decreased the levels of serum cholesterol and liver
      triacylglycerols.

PMID- 966077
TI  - Improved and effective assays of the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase by the
      coenzyme-apoenzyme system (CAS) principle.
AB  - Standardized and reliable methods have been devised to assay preparations of the
      glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase from human erythrocytes by the CAS principle,
      i.e., the unsaturation and saturation of the coenzyme (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) of
      a Coenzyme-Apoenzyme System. This dual enzymic assay is effective to detect and
      measure human deficiencies of vitamin B6. A preferred procedure has been
      developed, particularly for individuals and for limited groups, but is also
      applicable to large groups. A simplified procedure, which emphasizes the
      statistical significance of difference between large groups was also developed.
      Lyophilized erythrocyte hemolysates appear stable for up to 7 days for simplified
      transportation.

PMID- 966078
TI  - Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and liver fats of the rats fed yeast
      grown on n-alkanes.
AB  - n-Alkane assimilating yeast, Candida tropicalis YO-148, was grown on an n-alkane
      containing medium. A synthetic diet containing 6.8% of dried yeast was fed to
      rats. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and liver fats was determined
      after a two week feeding period. The percentage of odd-numbered acids increased
      in the animals fed the yeast diet. Furthermore, it was shown that heptadecenoic
      acid, the major odd-numbered acid in yeast, was accumulated in neutral lipid
      fraction of adipose tissue fat. Fatty acid composition of protein isolate
      prepared from yeast cells had a profile similar to that of the original cells.

PMID- 966079
TI  - Reactivity of alpha-tocopherol with hydroperoxide of methyl linoleate.

PMID- 966080
TI  - Thoughts on evaluating an alcoholism program.

PMID- 966081
TI  - Effect of occupational and nonoccupational factors on the respiratory system of
      vinyl chloride and other workers.
AB  - There are suggestions in the literature that vinyl chloride (VC) acts as a lung
      irritant. Respiratory questionnaires and lung function tests were administered to
      174 chemical (VC) workers, 81 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) workers, 72 former VC
      workers, and 136 rubber workers, and 68 maintenance workers with exposure to VC,
      PVC, and rubber. Except for small airways obstruction associated with rubber,
      increased respiratory symptoms and decreased pulmonary function were not
      associated with working in chemicals, plastics, or rubber. Some increases in
      baseline pulmonary function were associated with VC exposure. Acute reductions in
      pulmonary function were observed in smokers working in chemicals, plastics, and
      rubber. Heavier cigarette smokers over 40 years of age had the most adversely
      affected respiratory system. Work was not associated with chronic respiratory
      effects, but all exposure groups experienced some acute respiratory insult.

PMID- 966082
TI  - How do we assure that the workers' health is the occupational physicians' primary
      concern?

PMID- 966083
TI  - How is the acceptability of risks to the health of the workers to be determined?
AB  - The determination of risk at work is a shared responsibility of the employer and
      the employee, but objective evaluation of determining risk may be outweighed by
      economic considerations. Who and in what instances a person shall work is further
      modified by legal, social, and cultural restraints. The physician, as the agent
      of the employer, is often a key factor in deciding the real risk inherent in
      working in a specific environment, in informing management of the risk, and in
      determining which worker will accept the risk. The conscientiousness, competence,
      and ethical character of the physician are challenged by these responsibilities
      and circumstances, and a code of behavior is outlined for professional conduct of
      the occupational physician.

PMID- 966084
TI  - Contemporary health education at a heavy industry Navy worksite.

PMID- 966085
TI  - Hepatitis among plasma fractionation workers. An industry-wide study.
AB  - An industry-wide survey of plasm fractionation facilities in the United States
      was conducted during 1973-74. Hepatitis was reported among the workers with
      varying degrees of plasma contact at all plant sites. For each of fourteen
      facilities in this investigation, field inspections disclosed: (1) numerous overt
      instances of employee-product contact: (2) inconsistent methodologic approaches
      at virtually all stages of the plasma fractionation process; (3) at low level of
      management and employee awareness regarding the potential bio-hazard identified;
      and (4) disparate examples of hepatitis surveillance and prophylaxis. Our data
      suggests that there is a high risk of hepatitis among plasma fractionation
      workers and, as such, much more attention needs to be focused on the reduction of
      health hazards within this industry.

PMID- 966086
TI  - Medical surveillance problems under proposed OSHA standards.

PMID- 966087
TI  - Letter: Civil service disability experience.

PMID- 966088
TI  - Elements of credibility--changing perceptions.

PMID- 966089
TI  - The use of retirees to evaluate occupational hazards.

PMID- 966090
TI  - Limits to occupational exposure in chemical environments under novel work
      schedules.

PMID- 966091
TI  - Letter: Mortality factors in diabetes.

PMID- 966092
TI  - Measures for the prevention of occupational cancer.

PMID- 966093
TI  - Chronic respiratory symptoms and job type within the rubber industry.
AB  - Associations between the presence of chronic respiratory symptoms and a history
      of working in certain production job categories within the rubber industry are
      presented. Environmental explanations for these associations are discussed.
      Particular attention is also paid to the methodologic diffculties in analyzing
      cross-sectional health data in relation to the mobile and environmentally varied
      work-histories of individual workers within the rubber industry.

PMID- 966094
TI  - Safe and unsafe behavior and its modification.
AB  - After discussing some of the limitations of existing behavioral safety research,
      the authors propose a new approach to the problem. The approach is based on
      systematically controlling the psychological environment by precisely defining
      and rewarding safe behabiors and extinguishing unsafe behaviors. This approach to
      changing behavior is broadly designated the experimental analysis of behavior,
      and comprises two separate components, applied behavior analysis and applied
      behavior management. Application of the principles to the problem of increasing
      the frequency of safe behaviors and decreasing the frequency of unsafe behaviors
      is illustrated with two examples, one real, one hypothetical. A conclusion is
      drawn that researchers pursuing behavioral approaches to accident reduction
      should utilize the methods and technology of applied behavior analysis and
      management.

PMID- 966095
TI  - The characteristics of lung cancer due to chloromethyl ethers.

PMID- 966096
TI  - Occupational exposures to carbon monoxide in Baltimore firefighters.

PMID- 966097
TI  - Arsine poisoning: evaluation of the acute phase.

PMID- 966098
TI  - Ocular optics and evolution.
AB  - The application of sampling theory to image formation in the human eye is related
      to the population density of photoreceptors. A close numerical agreement is
      revealed which suggests that an image-forming device is of cardinal importance in
      ocular evolution.

PMID- 966099
TI  - Is postoperative x-ray therapy warranted in primary breast cancer.

PMID- 966100
TI  - Cardiac rehabilitation in a community hospital.

PMID- 966101
TI  - Nosocomial infections at a children's hospital.

PMID- 966102
TI  - Alcohol use and alcoholism treatment.

PMID- 966103
TI  - Synthesis of C-nucleosides. 13. s-Triazol (4,3-a)- and -(1,5-a)pyridine
      derivatives.

PMID- 966104
TI  - 6-Oxa analogues of pyrimidines and pyrimidine nucleosides. Synthesis of 5-amino
      6H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-3(2H)-one, 2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-6H-1,2,4-oxadiazine
      3,5(2H,4H)-dione, and related derivatives.

PMID- 966105
TI  - Nucleosides. 101. Conformationally restricted analogues of pyrimidine
      nucleosides. 1. Synthesis of 6,5'(S)- and 6,5'(R)-cyclouridine.

PMID- 966106
TI  - Introduction of an azide group into some uridine derivatives via 2',3'
      benzoxonium and 2',3'-azidonium intermediates.

PMID- 966107
TI  - Synthesis of sesquiterpene antitumor lactones. 6. cis-8a-Vinyloctahydro-3H-2
      benzopyran-3,7-dione, a precursor to vernolepin.

PMID- 966108
TI  - Fully automated solid phase synthesis of protected peptide hydrazides on
      recycling hydroxymethyl resin.

PMID- 966109
TI  - Solid phase synthesis of protected peptides via photolytic cleavage of the alpha
      methylphenacyl ester anchoring linkage.

PMID- 966110
TI  - Vitamin a synthesis by sulfone alkyaltion-elimination. C15 halide, C5 hydroxy
      sulfone approach.

PMID- 966111
TI  - Some transformations of DL-phenylalanine ortho esters and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L
      phenylalaninal.

PMID- 966112
TI  - The value of hemodynamic measurements during arterial reconstruction for
      obliterating arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 966113
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip joint in Norway. A clinical-epidemiological
      study.

PMID- 966114
TI  - Changes of the postoperative minimal oxygen consumption of the newborn.
AB  - Minimal oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were studied in newborns
      without operation and with minor or major operation by means of open indirect
      calorimetry. (1) A postnatal increase in the mVO2 was observed in most of the
      full-term newborns without operation or with minor operation. (2) A postoperative
      increase in the mVO2, as observed in the adult, was not found in all newborns
      with a major operation. (3) This finding was particularly obvious in the newborn
      with a major abdominal operation and with a long pre- and postoperative periods
      of starvation. (4) The most important factor determining the postoperative
      decrease in the mVO2 is not the intensity of operative stress but the amount of
      caloric intake.

PMID- 966115
TI  - Transumbilical aortography in newborn infants for noncardiac diagnosis.
AB  - Transumbilical aortography and selective arteriography were performed in three
      newborn infants for the evaluation of massive hepatomegaly, large sacrococcygeal
      teratoma and extensive tumor of the thigh. The study was valuable in all cases
      and resulted in no complication.

PMID- 966116
TI  - Cutaneous loop versus Roux-en-Y ureterostomy: a comparison of two methods for
      diversion of urine.
AB  - Loop and Roux-en-Y ureterostomies are compared. Both methods have a place if
      diversion is necessary in cases of severe hydronephrosis and decompensated
      ureters. Although the loop ureterostomy has advantages, it can lead to problems,
      i.e., the nonfunctioning and the contracted bladder. This serious complication is
      not seen after Roux-en-Y ureterostomy, because the bladder continues to function.
      The localization of the new pyeloureteral junction is discussed as the formation
      of kinks in this region must be avoided.

PMID- 966117
TI  - Complicated giant hemangioma: excision using cardiopulmonary bypass and deep
      hypothermia.
AB  - A child with a giant hemangioma of the left scalp, neck, and upper chest had
      severe complications including congestive cardiac failure. Surgical excision
      using cardiac bypass, deep hypothermia, and circulatory arrest was successfully
      carried out.

PMID- 966118
TI  - A new approach to the diagnosis of testicular torsion.
AB  - The acutely painful, enlarged scrotum has necessitated urgent exploration of the
      scrotum so as not to miss testicular torsion. This has led to unnecessary
      operations. The urgency with which the diagnosis is made is particularly
      important in infants and children for in these patients the signs and symptoms of
      testicular torsion may be minimal. Since its introduction in 1973, scrotal
      scanning has allowed a precise evaluation of the testicular perfusion and thus
      refined the indications for operation. Using scrotal scanning in a series of 18
      patients with possible testicular torsion a correct assessment of testicular
      perfusion was made in every patient. In only two patients did the interpretation
      differ from the ultimate clinical impression. In one, the torsion had relieved
      itself before the scan was performed and at operation the testis had adequate
      perfusion. In the second, clinically suspected epididymitis was not confirmed.
      Because of the ease and rapidity with which the test may be done in children more
      testes should be salvaged with fewer negative explorations.

PMID- 966119
TI  - Infarction of the common bile duct in an infant after surfical exploration for
      jaundice: a possible cause of extrahepatic biliary atresia.
AB  - An infant explored for obstructive jaundice died 6 days postoperatively and was
      found to have extensive infarction of the common duct. This would have gone
      undetected had the patient survived and without careful sampling at autopsy. The
      incidence of this unsuspected complication is unknown. Surgical infarction may be
      one cause of fibrosis and secondary atresia of the extra-hepatic bile ducts.

PMID- 966120
TI  - The internal anal sphincter in translevator (low) anal anomalies.
AB  - Internal sphincteric function was studied manometrically in 19 children with
      translevator anal anomalies. The normal internal sphincter inhibitory response to
      rectal distension was present in ten pateints, attenuated in six, and absent in
      three. Our findings suggest that a functional internal sphincter is usually
      present in translevator anal anomalies.

PMID- 966121
TI  - The painless intussusception.
AB  - There were 422 cases of intussusception at the Hospital for Sick Children,
      Toronto, over a 12-yr period between 1959 and 1970. The histories of all patients
      who had no pain recorded were evaluated and the duration of signs and symptoms
      and the treatment required assessed. When compared with those who had pain, it
      was noted that the children with painless intussusception presented later,
      hydrostatic reduction was less likely to be effective, and operative reduction
      and resection was required more often.

PMID- 966122
TI  - Pseudolymphoma presenting as a cecal tumor.
AB  - A 7-yr-old with abdominal pain and melena had a barium enema which revealed a
      cecal lesion that proved to be a pseudolymphoma of the cecum and appendix--a site
      not previously reported.

PMID- 966123
TI  - Urine extravasation secondary to upper urinary tract obstruction.
AB  - To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of renal salvage in
      a neonate with presumed spontaneous perirenal leakage of urine associated with
      ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Many instances of such extravasation in this
      age group have been described with lower urinary tract obstructions. As in the
      latter cases, the occurrence of extravasation secondary to upper tract
      obstruction need not preclude primary reconstruction.

PMID- 966124
TI  - Ureteral triplication.
AB  - A case of ureteral triplication is presented. There was reflux of the middle
      ureter, which did not end in the kidney, but rather ended blindly. There was
      atrophic pyelonephritis of the upper pole because of an obstructed ureter, and a
      normal lower caleceal system and ureter. There were three ureters but only two
      originated in the kidney and two entered the bladder, with only one ureter
      originating from the kidney entering the bladder normally. The refluxing ureter
      and the obstructed upper pole and ureter were removed.

PMID- 966125
TI  - Esophageal atresia with wide gap: primary anastomosis following Livaditis
      procedure.

PMID- 966126
TI  - Angiomatous malformation of the testis in an infant.
AB  - A 2-mo-old infant with a benign vascular lesion of the right testis and
      epididymus was presented. The lesion was diagnosed by incisional biopsy avoiding
      orchiectomy. One year later, the lesion has not increased in size. A careful
      follow-up of patients with these rare lesions is required to increase our
      knowledge about the pathogenesis.

PMID- 966127
TI  - A case of congenital choledochal cyst associated with carcinoma.

PMID- 966128
TI  - Intrauterine gunshot wound.

PMID- 966129
TI  - Prenatal gunshot perforation of the colon.

PMID- 966130
TI  - The use of dextrostix and dextrostix reflectance meters in the diagnosis of
      neonatal hypoglycemia.
AB  - Dextrostix is now widely used as a method of screening for hypoglycemia of the
      newborn. There has always been some anxiety about its accuracy for estimating
      very low blood sugars; this is important, since symptomatic hypoglycemia of the
      newborn does not usually occur until the blood glucose falls below 20 mg/dl. In
      1970 a reflectance meter was introduced which would measure the colour of the
      strip electronically. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the
      meter and its reliability in estimating hypoglycemia. The study was continued to
      investigate a new model of the reflectance meter which superseded the original
      one. In the pilot study using the original model, blood samples were taken from
      46 babies. Readings of the Dextrostix were made by two independent observers and
      compared with a reading taken on the reflectance meter. These estimations were
      later compared with blood glucose measured by the glucose oxidase method. the
      meter showed a marked tendency to overestimate the blood glucose: 44 out of 46
      samples were overestimated (Fig. 1, 2). In the second series 180 cord blood
      samples were collected. Because the intention was to study very low levels of
      blood glucose, the samples were allowed to stand at room temperature for several
      hours to allow glycolysis to occur. Again, readings were taken by two independent
      observers and compared with the readings taken on the new Dextrostix-Eyetone
      meter. The blood glucose was measured on each of the samples. There was a strong
      correlation (r = 0.8877, p less than 0.00005) between the blood glucose values
      and the readings taken from the meter, with no tendency towards overestimation
      (Fig. 3). A similar correlation (r = 0.8533, p less than 0.00005) was seen for
      the observers' readings and the chemical method, although there was a tendency to
      underestimate blood glucose (Fig. 4). When the meter gave an estimate of more
      than 20 ml/dl, in no case was the actual blood glucose in the profoundly
      hypoglycemic group of less than 10 mg/dl. When estimated by eye there was one
      case in which the blood glucose was only 7 mg/dl but the observer had estimated
      the result of 30 mg/dl. In order to avoid any possibility that a blood glucose
      was less than 20 mg/dl, it is necessary to take action on any estimate below 40
      mg/dl on a Dextrostix. Despite this, Dextrostix remains a very useful method of
      screening for neonatal hypoglycemia, whether assessed by eye or with the new
      Dextrostix-Eyetone meter. the meter does give better results than estimating
      Dextrostix by eye, but the difference was never statistically significant.

PMID- 966131
TI  - A comparative study between the values of lecithin, sphingomyelin, lysolecithin,
      the L/S index, and the Clements test in amniotic fluid.
AB  - The relationship between the concentration of several phospholipids in amniotic
      fluid and the ocurrence of neonatal RDS was established some years ago. However
      the methods used for the determination of those substances are sophisticated and
      time consuming. They require specalized equipment and take at least 2 or 3 hours.
      CLEMENTS described a semiquantitative method which overcomes these disadvantages.
      The present study compared the concentration of lecithin, shingomyelin,
      lysolecithin and the L/S ratio against the results obtained when processing the
      same samples with the CLEMENTS Test. the results are expressed in mg/100 ml. for
      the different phospholipids and the test was evaluated as positive, intermediate
      or negative. a statistically significant correlation has been found between the
      values of lecithin, lysolecithin and L/S ratio and the results of the CLEMENTS
      Test, respectively. No correlation could be found with sphingomyelin (Figs. 1-4).
      It is concluded that the CLEMENTS Test can be a useful tool as a screening test
      available to any obstetrical centre.

PMID- 966132
TI  - Oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature in
      healthy newborns during the first two hours after birth.
AB  - A report is made on the continuous registration of oxygen consumption, heart
      rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature in 32 neonates during the first two
      hours of life. A short account of the registration technique is given. A
      comparative study shows, that oxygen consumption, heart rate and respiratory rate
      fall during the period of observation, whereas the rectal temperature rises. 26
      out of the 32 neonates demonstrated a approximately linear fall of each of the
      oxygen consumption values during the period of observation. There is a similar
      relationship, which is statistically verified, between the oxygen uptake and
      heart rate. Oxygen consumption and heart rate can be correlated with each other
      after the first 60 minutes of life. This close and direct relationship between
      the oxygen consumption and the heart rate, an important parameter of the heart
      and circulatory system, stresses clearly the importance of the continuous
      registration of oxygen consumption for monitoring the general condition of the
      neonate. A change from this situation means a risk for the neonate which must be
      clarified by blood-gas analysis. A continuous registration of oxygen uptake for
      the surveillance of the neonate includes numerous vital functions and appears to
      be a more suitable parameter than single parameters which include only partial
      functions. The application of the method is simple and safe for the infant.

PMID- 966133
TI  - The effect of modern intensive monitoring in obstetrics on infant mortality and
      the incidence of hypoxia and acidosis.
AB  - We consider intensive monitoring to be fetal monitoring during labor and in the
      newborn period of all births using the most efficient methods. During the last
      ten years we have sequentially used the following techniques: Amnioscopy, blood
      analysis, estrogen determinations in urine, external and internal
      cardiotokography and internal pressure determinations, gas analyses of umbilical
      blood. amniotic fluid analyses (phospholipids), ultrasound (B-apparatus) and HCS
      determinations. All clinics dealing with risk pregnancies should have these
      techniques available. Total perinatal mortality decreased to below 2% after
      introduction of cardiotokography. During the last year it decreased to 0.89%.
      Premature mortality shows the same decrease and is 50% of total mortality. The
      frequency of premature deliveries remained unchanged at 6.2%. Both improved
      intensive monitoring and neonatal reanimation and intensive care contributed to
      the reduction of perinatal mortality. Continuous heart rate recordings make it
      possible to uncover hypoxic and acidotic states in time and this is of particular
      value for the premature infant. The incidence of acidosis (pH less than 7.10) was
      2.03% before monitoring was introduced and fell to 0.45% this year when intensive
      monitoring became the rule. No pH lower than 7.0 was found this year. It is thus
      not sufficient to monitor only cases at risk, since in about 50% of infants born
      with acidosis no alarming symptoms were found that would have indicated the need
      for intensive monitoring. CONCLUSION: Infant mortality should be reduced to less
      than 1% if the diagnostic tools available are applied. Below this nonviable
      infants limit further improvement. Perinatal hypoxia and acidosis (below pH 7.10)
      should also be lower than 0.5% but at least lower than 1%.

PMID- 966134
TI  - Ultrasound and biochemical findings in intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - An attempt was made to make an early diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation
      due to chronic placental insufficiency using ultrasound cephalometry and
      biochemical tests of placental function. We examined 83 hospitalised patients in
      whom there was a risk or suspicion of chronic placental insufficiency. For each
      patient an average of 4 determinations were made of head diameter, 10 of estriol
      and 3 of pregnandiol urinary excretion, 6 serum HPL and 7 of heat stable alkaline
      phosphatase (HSAP). Fetal growth retardation was assumed if the last 2 determined
      head diameters were below the normal curve with the same tendency and with term
      being well predicted. Biochemical parameters were considered to indicate
      pathological changes if they were 95% below normal values, with 2 below this
      range or 3 continuously falling below the normal level. Infants were assessed
      after birth both neurologically and somatically according to DUBOWITZ. Small for
      date infants were those whose birth weight was below the 10th percentile
      (LUBCHENKO). This was found to be the case in 15 out of 83 newborns five of whom
      were younger than 37 weeks. These 15 could be diagnosed before birth with various
      degrees of certainty. For estriol and HPL this was 67% or 53% and these two
      parameters were found to be the most valuable. Cephalometry was found to be less
      valuable with 20%, pregnandiol levels with 9% and placental HSAP with 33%. Hence
      it is recommended to perform serial determinations of estriol and HPL in the
      third trimester of pregnancy in all patients with histories indicative of fetal
      growth retardation and in those in whom the uterus appears small for date.

PMID- 966135
TI  - Estrogens, lactation and oral glucose tolerance test in the early puerperium.
AB  - An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on 98 women free from any
      known risk factor of diabetes on the fifth day of the puerperium. Results show
      that OGTT is greatly influenced by the conditions of lactation. A high proportion
      of abnormal curves (50%) is found among the group of women receiving estrogens as
      lactation suppressors at the time of the test. However, in breast feeding women
      or in non breast feeding women not given estrogen, the proportion of abnormal
      curves is less than 10%. It is concluded that the unexplained previously reported
      lack of specificity of the OGTT in the early puerperium could be related to
      hormonal treatment for lactation suppression.

PMID- 966136
TI  - Age and emotion of an offender as determinants of adult punitive reactions.
AB  - Male and female college students were shown videotapes of supposed male offenders
      describing the details of thefts they had committed. Videotaped sequences were
      varied so that offenders were 9 to 10 years old or of college age. Also, actors
      varied in their mode of emotional self-presentation. Comparisons of punishments
      suggested by subjects indicated that joyful actors received the highest level of
      punishment while distressed offenders received the lowest level of suggested
      punishment. It was also found that the emotions of children exerted a greater
      persuasive effect on subjects' ratings than did the emotions of adults although
      the pattern of results was similar across ages. These results were discussed as
      demonstrating that the age and emotion of an offender can exert considerable
      influence on the attribution of blame made by a disciplinarian.

PMID- 966137
TI  - Casual attributions for success and failure for psychiatric rehabilitees and
      college students.
AB  - College students and psychiatric rehabilitees performed a manual dexterity task
      in which consistent success or failure was maipulated over four consecutive task
      trials. Contrasting predictions for the use of casual attributions (luck, task
      difficulty, effort, and ability) following Trial 1 and Trial 4 for the two
      populations were derived from Heider's balance theory and "naive theory of
      action". Consistent with native theory, students who succeeded and rehabilitees
      who succeeded used unstable attributions only college students who failed used
      stable attributions to account for these trial outcomes, whereas students who
      failed and rehabilitees who failed made significant changes in their
      attributional patterns from Trial 1 to Trial 4. Results are discussed regarding
      intervention with psychiatric rehabilitees and other groups with severe
      achievement difficulties.

PMID- 966138
TI  - Self-serving trade secrets: a response.

PMID- 966139
TI  - Effects of colestipol hydrochloride on drug absorption in the rat II.
AB  - The effects of colestipol hydrochloride, a hypocholesterolemic bile acid-binding
      anion-exchange polymer, on the GI absorption of drugs commonly used in humans
      were studied in the rat. Colestipol hydrochloride was given by gavage in single
      doses of 71.5 or 214.5 mg/kg, equivalent to 5 or 15 g, respectively, in a 70-kg
      human; controls received equivalent amounts of microcrystalline cellulose. Single
      oral doses of labeled drugs were given concurrently with colestipol hydrochloride
      or microcrystalline cellulose at the human therapeutic dose range on a milligrams
      per kilogram basis. Subsequent changes in serum drug levels were measured at
      several time periods, and absorption was evaluated as the total area under the
      time-concentration curve. Colestipol hydrochloride at either dose did not
      significantly alter the absorption of 6-14C-nicotinic acid, 7-3H-tetracycline,
      35S-chlorpromazine, 12alpha-3H-digoxin, warfarin (alpha-14C-benzyl), or
      clofibrate (14C-carboxyl). In addition, the effects of 214.5 mg/kg of colestipol
      hydrochloride were compared with the same dose of cholestyramine with respect to
      the absorption of 3-14C-hydrochlorothiazide, 2-14C-phenobarbital, and 3H
      digitoxin. Cholestyramine reduced absorption of hydrochlorothiazide by 42%, but
      colestipol hydrochloride had no significant effect. Neither resin altered
      phenobarbital or digitoxin absorption when compared with the the control, but a
      significant difference occurred between the two resins with digitoxin; areas
      under the time-concentration curve [in (dpm/0.1 ml serum) x hr] were: colestipol
      hydrochloride, 2001; cholestyramine, 16,300; and cellulose, 17, 067. These
      results indicate that colestipol hydrochloride and cholestyramine can differ in
      their effects on the absorption of certain drugs from the GI tract of the rat.

PMID- 966140
TI  - Effects of film coatings on tablet hardness.
AB  - The effects of five conventional film-coating materials on tablet hardness were
      studied. Placebos showed apparently linear increases in hardness as coatings were
      applied. Completely coated samples exhibited hardness increases from 50 to 140%,
      with a corresponding 3% increase in tablet weight. Equations were derived
      relating hardness changes to the "breaking strength" of the film on the tablet.
      Findings indicate that the coatings exert their influence primarily along the
      diameter of the tablet in a direction perpendicular to an applied compressional
      force. Furthermore, the coating process itself did not alter core hardness since
      tablets from which the film could be stripped showed original values.

PMID- 966141
TI  - Quantitative precorneal disposition of topically applied pilocarpine nitrate in
      rabbit eyes.
AB  - The present study was designed to quantitate the influence of several precorneal
      factors on the disposition of topically applied ophthalmic drugs. With tritiated
      pilocarpine nitrate methodology was developed for in vivo assessment of the
      relative contribution of tear turnover, instilled solution drainage, and
      nonproductive absorption to the loss of drug from the precorneal area. Studies
      were conducted in both awake and anesthetized rabbits whose drainage ducts were
      either unobstructed or plugged, and the loss of drug was monitored directly from
      the precorneal area or as appearance in the aqueous humor. By selective variation
      in experimental conditions, the influence of tear turnover, instilled solution
      drainage, and nonproductive absorption on ocular drug bioavailability was
      separately studied and quantitated. Instilled solution drainage was by far the
      largest contributing factor in the loss of drug from the precorneal area of the
      eye and, in the range of instilled volumes normally employed, tear turnover
      played a relatively minor role in drug loss. Compared to the cornea, precorneal
      tissue other than the cornea has a considerably greater surface area and thus is
      a potentially signifanct route for drug loss. However, under normal
      circumstances, loss by this route was minimal as compared to loss via instilled
      solution drainage.

PMID- 966142
TI  - Substitued 5-nitro-1, 3-dioxanes: correlation of chemical structure and
      antimicrobial activity.
AB  - Various derivatives of 5-nitro-1, 3-dioxane were synthesized to determine the
      relative effect of chemical substitution in the 2-and 5-positions on broad
      spectrum antimicrobial activity. Each compound was evaluated quantitatively by
      calculation of a microbiocidal index, which measured the time to kill several
      different microorganisms. This test system indicated that 5-bromo-5-nitro
      substitution was essential for significant activity. Optimal activity was
      effected by 2-methyl substitution in the alkyl series and 2-hydroxy-phenyl
      substitution in the aryl series. The antimicrobial activity of the substituted
      dioxanes was not related directly to water solubility or hydrolysis to
      microbiocidal diols or aldehydes.

PMID- 966143
TI  - GLC and NMR analysis of isomeric impurities in the new anti-inflammatory agent
      benoxaprofen.
AB  - GLC and NMR methods are described for the determination of four possible isomeric
      impurities in the novel anti-inflammatory agent benoxaprofen. The 2- and 3
      chlorophenyl isomers were determined by GLC after alkaline hydrolysis and
      subsequent methylation. A rapid NMR procedure, using the lanthanide shift reagent
      tris- (1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3-heptafluoro- 7, 7-dimethyl- 4, 6-octanedionato)
      europium, was developed for the 6- and 7- (alpha-methylacetic acid) isomers.
      Similar methodolology, with tris-(3-heptafluorobutyryl-d-camphorato)europium,
      enabled the determination of the enantiomer ratio for benoxaprofen. For the
      positional isomers, the limits of detection were 0.05% by GLC and 0.2% by NMR.

PMID- 966144
TI  - Fluphenazine enanthate and fluphenazine decanoate: intramuscular injection and
      esterification as requirements for slow - release characteristics in dogs.
AB  - 14C-Fluphenazine base was administered intramuscularly in sesame oil to five male
      beagles (2 mg/kg). The concentration of radioactivity in plasma and the excretion
      of radioactivity in urine and feces were measured for 14 days. Maximum
      concentrations of radioactivity were found in plasma 2 hr after administration.
      These levels declined with elimination half-lives of 3.20 hr during the 2-12-hr
      interval after dosing and of 4.02 days during the 2-14-day interval. Most
      administered radioactivity was excreted during the first 2 days after dosing,
      predominantly in the feces. An average of 0.43% of the dose was present at the
      injection site 14 days after dosing; some residual radioactivity was found in the
      liver and in the ocular portion consisting of the combined retina, choroid, and
      sclera. 14C-Fluphenazine and its enanthate and decanoate esters were each
      administered intravenously to three different groups of intact dogs at doses of 1
      mg/kg. Regardless of which compound was administered, concentrations of
      radioactivity in the plasma of these dogs were comparable. Thirty minutes after
      these dogs had been dosed with 14C-fluphenazine enanthate or 14C-fluphenazine
      decanoate, most radioactivity in the plasma was present as 14C-fluphenazine base
      and other unidentified metabolites; at this time, at least 79% of either of the
      two 14C-fluphenazine esters had been biotransformed. The excretion of
      radioactivity by these same three groups of dogs was very similar, regardless of
      which of the compounds was given. In 7 days, an average of only 3-4% of the dose
      was excreted in urine; the remainder was excreted in feces. 14C Fluphenazine and
      its enanthate and decanoate esters (1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously to
      dogs whose bile ducts had been cannulated. The amounts of radioactivity excreted
      in the urine and bile in 8 hr were very similar, as were the residual amounts of
      radioactivity present in selected tissues. Comparison of the data obtained from
      dogs given these three compounds intravenously (unformulated) or intramuscularly
      in sesame oil points to the following conclusions: (a) fluphenazine base per se
      does not provide slow-release characteristics unless it has been esterified, for
      example, with heptanoic or decanoic acid, and (b) intramuscular rather than
      intravenous administration of these two esters is responsible for producing their
      slow-release characteristics.

PMID- 966145
TI  - GLC determination of aprindine: quantitation and stability measurement.
AB  - A GLC method of analysis of a new antiarrhythmic agent, aprindine, is described.
      The raw material of the new drug substance, supplied as the hydrochloride salt,
      is dissolved in deionized water, and the base is liberated by a 10% aqueous
      solution of sodium carbonate. aprindine is extracted with chloroform and mixed
      with the internal standard, 5alpha-cholestane. GLC is perfomed on a glass column
      packed with 3.8% W-98 on Chromosorb W-HP. Quantitation is achieved by computer
      calculation of the peak area ratios. GLC-mass spectral analysis indicates that
      the observed peak is that of aprindine, with a molecular ion at m/e 322. The
      retention times of aprindine and the internal standard are 2.0 and 5.8 min,
      respectively. All synthetic precursors show a shorter retention time than
      aprindine. This GLC method is applied to the quantitative determination of
      aprindine as raw material and in capsule and ampul formulations. The method is
      also used to measure the stability of aprindine to acid, base, dry, heat,
      refluxing, and UV light and to pH variations.

PMID- 966146
TI  - Comparative plasma concentrations of quinidine following administration of one
      intramuscular and three oral formulations to 13 human subjects.
AB  - A GLC method, based on flame-ionization detection, was developed for the assay of
      methotrimeprazine and its sulfoxide in plasma. For a 6-ml aliquot, the
      sensitivity was 2-3 ng/ml for the unchanged drug and 4-5 ng/ml for the sulfoxide.
      The coefficient of variation, calculated from duplicate analyses of plasma
      samples, was 8-15% for concentrations between 10 and 100 ng/ml. Patients treated
      with orally administered methotrimeprazine had higher plasma levels of the
      sulfoxide than of unmetabolized drug. The method also was applied to the analysis
      of promazine and chlorpromazine in patient plasma.

PMID- 966147
TI  - GLC determination of methotrimeprazine and its sulfoxide in plasma.
AB  - A GLC method, based on flame-ionization detection, was developed for the assay of
      methotrimeprazine and its sulfoxide in plasma. For a 6-ml aliquot, the
      sensitivity was 2-3 ng/ml for the unchanged drug and 4-5 ng/ml for the sulfoxide.
      The coefficient of variation, calculated from duplicate analyses of plasma
      samples, was 8-15% for concentrations between 10 and 100 ng/ml. Patients treated
      with orally administered methotrimeprazine had higher plasma levels of the
      sulfoxide than of unmetabolized drug. The method also was applied to the analysis
      of promazine and chlorpromazine in patient plasma.

PMID- 966148
TI  - Drug release from methyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer matrix III:
      stimultaneous release of noninteracting drug-excipient mixtures.
AB  - The simultaneous release of mixtures of noninteracting chemicals incorporated in
      a methyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer was studied. Different mixtures
      of dextrose-methapyrilene hydrochloride and sodium chloride-methapyrilene
      hydrochlodire in the plastic were compressed into tablets, and single-surface
      release was obtained in 0.N HCI at 37 degrees. The amounts of both drug and
      excipients released per unit surface rate constants were analysed in terms of the
      solubility, diffusion coefficient, concentrations of each chemical, and porosity
      and tortuosity of the tablets. It was concluded that for each tablet system the
      individual solid-liquid boundaries of the incorporated chemicals had merged
      together, and the release could be explained by Higuchi's square foot of time
      relationship.

PMID- 966149
TI  - Binding of spirolactones to human plasma proteins.
AB  - The lipophilicity and plasma binding of 16 spirolactones and 4 hydroxy acid
      analogs were determined. Mathematical expressions were derived to correlate
      quantitatively the extent of plasma binding to the lipophilicity of the drugs.
      The nonspecific binding of these spirolactones and their hydroxy acid analogs was
      also analyzed using purified serum albumin. A computer program was developed to
      examine the mechanism of drug-serum protein interactions. One class of binding
      sites was observed for the range of concentrations used. The number of binding
      sites and the equilibrium binding constant were computed and were sensitive to
      substitution at the C-6 and C7 positions. Hydrolysis of the C-17 lactone ring in
      spirolactones to form hydroxy acid analogs resulted in a decrease in the
      lipophilicity and, hence, the equilibrium constant for binding.

PMID- 966150
TI  - Rationale for apparent differences in pharmacokinetic aspects of model compounds
      determined from blood level data and urinary excretion data in rats.
AB  - Results of studies carried out in rats for model compounds, D-(-) mandelic acid,
      benzoylformic acid, and some of their para-alkylated homologs, showed that their
      biological half-lives determined from the elimination phase of urinary excretion
      data were longer than those determined from the elimination phase of blood level
      data. With compounds that followed multicompartment open models, the initial
      distributive phase (alpha-phase) noted from the blood level data was not detected
      from the urinary excretion data. Based on the analysis of half-life data obtained
      in the absence and presence of DL-tropic acid (a competitive renal tubular
      secretion inhibitor of these compounds), it is proposed that, besides the
      shortness of the alpha-phase period, the factor accounting for these compounds is
      their retention and/or detention in the renal tubular membranes during their
      tubular secretion. Furthermore, it is proposed that the renal tubular membranes
      do not constitute a part of the central or peripheral compartment. Examples are
      cited to show that, where studies are reported for the same drugs in the same
      human subjects in the same laboratory, drugs usually exhibit longer biological
      half-lives when urinary excretion data rather than blood level data are used.

PMID- 966151
TI  - Influence of cholestasis on drug elimination: pharmacokinetics.
AB  - A two-compartment model representing the body and the GI tract, with elimination
      occurring in each compartment, was used to study, in theory, the influence of
      impaired biliary excretion on drug disposition. The results suggest that
      cholestasis can either increase or decrease a drug's half-life, depending upon
      the relative values of the two elimination rate constants, In all cases, however,
      impaired biliary excretion reduced the initial elimination of drug from the body
      and increased the half-life of the alpha-phase of drug disposition.

PMID- 966152
TI  - Biliary secretion of methotrexate in rats and its inhibition by probenecid.
AB  - The biliary secretion of methotrexate was investigated in rats under steady-state
      conditions. The transport system involved was saturable and displayed Michaelis
      Menten-type kinetics. Values for the maximal rate of transport and a transport
      constant analogous to the Michaelis constant were 12 mg/hr and 32 mg/liter (7 x
      10-5 M), respectively. The inhibition of this transport mechanism by probenecid
      also was investigated, and the relationship between the plasma concentration of
      probenecid and the biliary clearance of methotrexate was elucidated. The value of
      Ki, the dissociation constant for the transport carrier-inhibitor complex, was 23
      mug/ml (8 x10-5 M).

PMID- 966153
TI  - GLC determination of nylidrin in human urine samples.
AB  - A method for the detection of nanogram quantities of nylidrin in human urine is
      described. The method involves beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis, extraction with
      chloroform, derivatization by silylation, and GLC determination. The suitability
      of the method was tested by analysis of urine samples of subjects after oral
      ingestion of nylidrin hydrochloride.

PMID- 966154
TI  - Assay of sulfonylureas in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for
      the determination of chlorpropamide or tolbutamide in plasma in the presence of
      their metabolites is described. The ether extract of acidified plasma is
      redissolved in the mobile phase, 17% acetonitrile in 0.05 M aqueous ammonium
      formate, and chromatographed on a reverse-phase column on a high-performance
      liquid chromatograph fitted with a UV absorbance detector. Quantitation of plasma
      samples containing less than 0.5 mug/ml of chlorpropamide and 5 mug/ml of
      tolbutamide is reported, using these drugs as mutual internal standards. The
      retention times of the metabolites are such that they do not interfere in the
      procedure. The assay method was tested in a human volunteer with both drugs and
      found suitable for single-dose pharmacokinetic studies.

PMID- 966155
TI  - Effects of intravenous dantrolene sodium on respiratory and cardiovascular
      functions.
AB  - Dantrolene sodium, a peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, at doses up to
      30 mg/kg iv had no effect on respiratory volume, respiratory rate, blood
      pressure, or heart rate in anesthetized dogs. The ED50 for inhibition of skeletal
      muscle contractions was 4.5 mg/kg in anesthetized dogs. In anesthetized sheep,
      the ED50 for skeletal muscle relaxation was 3.2 mg/kg under methoxyflurane
      anesthesia and 1.7 mg/kg under pentobarbital anesthesia. Unanesthetized sheep
      administered doses up to 30 mg/kg iv evidenced no dose-related cardiovascular
      effects. Respiratory volume decreased and respiratory rate increased, with the
      net result that the respiratory minute volume was not affected by dantrolene
      sodium. The results indicate that dantrolene sodium has no effect on the
      cardiovascular or respiratory systems that would preclude its use intravenously
      in acute conditions where direct relaxation of skeletal muscle is required, as in
      the management of malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 966156
TI  - Spectrophotometric study of complex formation between oxovanadium (IV) and
      antiamebic drugs.
AB  - Complex formation between oxovanadium(IV) and the antiamebic drugs 5, 7-dibromo-8
      quinolinol and 5, 7-dichloro-8-quinolinol was studied in the pH 1.5-2.0 range,
      using ethanol, dioxane-water, and dimethylformamide as solvents. The composition
      of the formed complexes was determined by more than one procedure. In ethanol and
      dioxane-water, the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were formed; in dimethylformamide, the
      1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes were formed. The stability constants were computed
      using two procedures: the molar ratio method and the extrapolation method. The
      reproducibility or results in satisfactory.

PMID- 966157
TI  - Hypocholesterolemic agents V: Inhibition of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase by substituted 4-biphenylylalkyl carboxylic acids and methyl
      esters.
AB  - Eleven substituted 4-biphenylylalkyl carboxylic acids and three methyl esters
      were synthesized and assayed for inhibition of rat liver beta-hydroxy-beta
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Five of the acids were analogs, resulting
      from various isosteric replacements of the carbonyl and ether oxygens of the
      previously described reversible inhibitor 1-(4-biphenylyl)pentyl hydrogen
      succinate. No significant change in activity was noted, except upon introduction
      of an amide linkage where a decrease in inhibition was found. Six carboxylic
      acids and three methyl esters, all containing the 4-biphenylyl radical but
      lacking the n-butyl side chain found in 1-(4-biphenylyl)pentyl hydrogen
      succinate, also were inhibitors of the reductase.

PMID- 966158
TI  - Physical characterization and activity in vivo of polymorphic forms of 7-chloro
      5, 11-dihydrodibenz[b, e][1, 4]oxazepine-5-carboxamide, a potential tricyclic
      antidepressant.
AB  - The biological availability in dogs and humans of 7-chloro-5, 11
      dihydrodibenz[b,e][1,4]oxazepine-5-carboxamide, a potential antidepressant drug,
      was increased when the compound was administered in capsule formulations as
      micronized drug coated with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate or as a lyophilate with
      poloxamer 407. This increase with these two formulations had been predicted by
      dissolution tests in vitro. The lyophilized combination with poloxamer 407 was
      more soluble in 0.1 N HCl than was the untreated compound. Characterization of
      the lyophilate by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and IR
      spectroscopy indicated that the increase in solubility was attributable to the
      formation of a polymorphic from. a polymorph of the compound designated form 8,
      was prepared. The solubility and dissolution characteristics of the two
      polymorphic forms, A and B, as well as of the lyophilized combination with
      poloxamer 407, were determined.

PMID- 966159
TI  - Real flow measurements on time-dependent thixotropix fluids.

PMID- 966160
TI  - Epimeric 5-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1-azabicyclo [5.4.0] undecanes.
AB  - The development of order during the aging of aluminum hydroxide gel prepared by
      the reaction of aluminum chloride and ammonium hydroxide to a final pH of 7.0 can
      be monitored by differential thermal analysis. The loss fo acid reactivity upon
      aging is accompanied by an increase in the temperature and intensity of the
      dehydroxylation endotherm and an accompanying decrease in the intensity of the
      water of hydration endotherm. With continued aging, the thermogram develops the
      characteristics of a crystalline aluminum hydroxide.

PMID- 966161
TI  - Differential thermal analysis of aluminum hydroxide gel.
AB  - The development of order during the aging of aluminum hydroxide gel prepared by
      the reaction of aluminum chloride and ammonium hydroxide to a final pH of 7.0 can
      be monitored by differential thermal analysis. The loss of acid reactivity upon
      aging is accompanied by an increase in the temperature and intensity of the
      dehydroxylation endotherm and an accompanying decrease in the intensity of the
      water of hydration endotherm. With continued aging, the thermogram develops the
      characteristics of a crystalline aluminum hydroxide.

PMID- 966162
TI  - Extraction and GLC analysis of pyrithyldione in highly putrified human postmortem
      samples.
AB  - Pyrithyldione was isolated from highly putrified human brain and small intestine
      samples by ether extraction followed by alumina column cleanup. The total yield
      was 90+/- 5%. No derivatization was necessary prior to GLC analysis.

PMID- 966163
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of skin penetration.
AB  - A model for estimating in vivo skin permeability coefficients is presented.
      Explicit expressions are derived for the permeability coefficient in terms of
      excretion rates and tissue absorption. The excretion rate has a linear asymptotic
      limit from which the permeability coefficient can be determined. The usefulness
      of the model is demonstrated with existing literature data.

PMID- 966164
TI  - Topical mosquito repellents IX: quinolines, isoquinolines, and quinoxalines.

PMID- 966165
TI  - Tumor inhibitory agents from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae).
AB  - The chloroform extract of Vauquelinia corymbosa Correa has shown activity against
      the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia test system. The constituents responsible for this
      activity were identified as uvaol, ursolic acid, and betulinic acid. Their
      identity was proven by melting point; mixed melting point; elemental analysis;
      IR, PMR, and mass spectra; and preparation of derivatives.

PMID- 966166
TI  - Preparation of tri- and tetramethyleneisoxazoles.

PMID- 966167
TI  - Antitumor agents XVII; Structure and stereochemistry of microhelenin-A, a new
      antitumor sesquiterpene lactone from Helenium microcephalum.

PMID- 966168
TI  - Method for monitoring hard gelatin capsule disintegration times in humans using
      external scintigraphy.

PMID- 966169
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of polythiazide in
      pharmaceutical dosage forms.

PMID- 966170
TI  - Television system for image analysis by isodensity lines using a minicomputer.

PMID- 966171
TI  - An improved and simplified design for a Hoeppler-type (rolling ball)
      microviscometer.

PMID- 966172
TI  - Construction and performance of a cone-and-plate rheogoniometer with air
      bearings.

PMID- 966173
TI  - Stimulation of the rabbit hypothalamus: caudal projections to respiratory and
      cardiovascular centres.
AB  - 1. Electrical stimulation of a small area of the hypothalamus, lying about 2 mm
      dorsal to the lateral margin of the mammillary bodies, evoked a characteristic
      complex of effects in the anaesthetized rabbit. 2. The observed effects included
      apneusis followed by tachypnoea, increased arterial blood pressure, and vagally
      mediated bradycardia. Exophthalmost and pupillodilatation was commonly seen. The
      ears were erected and the vibrissae drawn forward. Somatic effects were weaker,
      but often included increased extensor tone, especially in the forelimbs. 3. The
      intensity of these effects was dependent upon the frequency of stimuli within the
      trains. Effects were weak or absent below 20 shocks/sec, and were near-maximal
      above 60 shocks/sec, when employing constant-current rectangular wave stimuli of
      100-300 muA, 1 msec pulse duration and 5-9 sec train duration. 4. The effects
      were not dependent upon connexions with the cerebral cortex, but were mediated by
      pathways that projected ipsilaterally from each side of the hypothalamus through
      the mesencephalon. 5. The evidence suggests that this region of the rabbit
      hypothalamus is partly homologous with that hypothalamic area associated with the
      defence reaction in cat. However, the over-all responses to stimulation in the
      anaesthetized rabbit differed considerably from those described in the
      anaesthetized carnivore, suggesting that their integrated physiological responses
      to emotional threat are dissimilar.

PMID- 966174
TI  - Calcium exchange in vascular smooth muscle, action of noradrenaline and
      lanthanum.
AB  - 1. The Na, K, Ca and Mg content and the 45Ca uptake and loss were determined in
      rat aortae incubated in physiological solution or in solution containing LaCl3
      instead of CaCl2. 2. Aortae washed in La-solution contained less Ca and Na than
      controls in physiological solution, the K content was not modified and the Mg
      content was slightly decreased. 3. In 50 mM-La solution the 45Ca diffusion space
      was intermediate between the values found for the [14C]sorbitol space and the
      [14C]inulin space, indicating that there was no Ca entry within the cell nor Ca
      binding at superficial sites. 45Ca loss from the tissue was directly related to
      the La concentration. 4. Noradrenaline increased the rate of uptake of 45Ca into
      the Ca fraction resistant to displacement by La. This increase was dose
      dependent, a response of 50% of the maximum being produced by 2 x 10(-8)
      noradrenaline as for the contraction. In the presence of phentolamine, the dose
      effect curves for the action of noradrenaline on 45Ca uptake were displaced in a
      manner characteristic of competitive antagonism. The rhoA2 for phentolamine was 7
      8. 5. In physiological solution, the rate of loss of 45Ca, from the Ca fraction
      resistant to displacement by La, was increased by noradrenaline the ED50 was 2 x
      10(-8) M, and the effect was abolished by phentolamine. 6. In view of the
      similarity of phentolamine rhoA2 estimated by measuring noradrenaline sensitive
      45Ca uptake or noradrenaline evoked contraction, it is likely that the activation
      of alpha-adrenergic receptors is responsible for both effects.

PMID- 966175
TI  - Influence of amygdala stimulation on the activity of identified
      tuberoinfundibular neurones in the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - 1. Extracellular action potentials were recorded from 1246 neurones in the
      mediobasal hypothalamus of pentobarbitone or urethane anaesthetized male rats.
      Antidromic invasion from the surface of the median eminence identified 165 cells,
      located in the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei and the periventricular area, as
      tuberoinfundibular neurones. The majority (65%) of these cells displayed no
      spontaneous activity. 2. Latencies for antidromic invasion from median eminence
      ranged from 0-5 to 14-0 msec (mean 4-3 +/- 2-9 msec, S.D.). Conduction velocities
      for axons of tuberoinfundibular neurones were under 1-0 m/sec, and were slowest
      (under 0-2 m/sec) for those tuberoinfundibular neurones located in the arcuate
      nucleus. 3. Single 1 HZ stimulation of amygdala evoked short latency (mean 18-8
      +/- 7-0 msec; n = 30) excitation of tuberoinfundibular neurones in the
      ventromedial nucleus. Stria terminalis stimulation evoked similar responses at a
      shorter latency (mean 10-2 +/- 3-5 msec; n = 12) from other ventromedial
      tuberoinfundibular neurones. Three of these neurones were also excited by
      amygdala stimulation at comparably longer latencies. In spontaneously active
      tuberoinfundibular cells, the initial excitation was followed by a decrease in
      excitability lasting 70-150 msec. Tuberoinfundibular neurones soldom followed
      orthodromic activation at frequencies beyond 30 HZ. 4. An initial decrease in
      activity at latencies of 18-40 msec (mean 29-2 +/- 10-2 msec) characterized the
      amygdala evoked responses from nine tuberoinfundibular neurones. A similar
      response from one other tuberoinfundibular neurone followed stria terminalis
      stimulation at a latency of 11 msec. Most of these tuberoinfundibular neurones
      were located in the dorsal part of the ventromedial nucleus. 5. Two ventromedial
      tuberoinfundibular neurones also displayed antidromic invasion from the amygdala;
      interaction studies suggested an axon collateral pathway that originated close to
      the origin of the axon. 6. Tuberoinfundibular neurones unresponsive to amygdala
      stimulation were usually located in the arcuate nucleus or periventricular area.
      7. These results provide electrophysiological evidence for a direct influence of
      the amygdala on the activity of tuberoinfundibular neurones in the ventromedial
      hypothalamic nucleus. There are also data to indicate that some ventromedial
      tuberoinfundibular neurones have axon collaterals that return to the amygdala.
      These reciprocal connexions between the amygdala and ventromedial
      tuberoinfundibular neurones may indicate neural circuits important for
      extrahypothalamic modulation of adenohypophyseal secretion.

PMID- 966176
TI  - The effect of temperature on the reaction of carbon monoxide with oxygenated
      haemoglobin.
AB  - 1. The rate at which carbon monoxide displaces oxygen from its combination with
      haemoglobin in solution, has been measured spectrophotometrically, using a rapid
      mixing stopped-flow technique. 2. In the presence of carbon dioxide, the reaction
      proceeds by a unimolecular dissociation, with a rate constant r. 3. The
      relationship of the reciprocal of r to the ratio PO2/PCO is non-linear, and a
      different curve is obtained at each carbon monoxide concentration. 4. From
      measurements of the rate constant at temperatures between 5 and 35 degrees C, it
      is concluded that the non-linearity is due to the formation at a finite rate of
      an intermediate complex, CO2Hb4O6, by the reaction of carbon dioxide with Hb4O6.

PMID- 966177
TI  - Energetics of isovolumic contractions of the isolated rabbit heart.
AB  - 1. In the isolated beating rabbit heart the heat production (measured by Dewar
      flask calorimetry) and oxygen consumption (measured polarographically) increased
      in a similar way to force development (assessed as the time integral of left
      ventricular developed pressure) when the diastolic size of the heart was
      increased. 2. The energy expenditure of the heart consists of an element which is
      independent of the force developed and another which varies with the force
      developed. 3. The calorific equivalent of oxygen in the beating heart when it was
      provided with pyruvate as a substrate was found to be 20-48 mJ/mul: O2 at 25
      degrees C. 4. The anaerobic metabolism was well below 5% of the total energy
      liberation and was constant at all levels of mechanical activity.

PMID- 966178
TI  - The effects of potassium and temperature on the pace-maker current, iK2, in
      Purkinje fibres.
AB  - 1. The reversal potential for the pace-maker K current, iK2, was measured in
      sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres at extracellular K concentrations, [K]O, between 2
      7 and 8 mM. The reversal potentials were found to be significantly more negative
      than the values predicted using the Nernst equation for any reasonable value of
      intracellular K+ concentration or activity. 2. It is suggested that this
      discrepancy may be explained by postulating that the extracellular K+
      concentration [K]e in the cleft spaces between cells is smaller than [K]o as a
      result of ion pumping and restricted diffusion from the bulk extracellular
      medium. 3. In conformity with this hypothesis, it was shown that the value of
      [K]e may be further reduced by hyperpolarizing pulses, presumably as a
      consequence of K+ depletion during the passage of inward current. 4. The
      influence of temperature on the kinetics of the gating mechanism, s, controlling
      iK2 was investigated. The Q10 for the time constant, pis, of current change
      following voltage clamp steps was found to be about 17. This corresponds to an
      apparent activation enthalpy of 50 kcal/mole. 5. The Q10 of the maximum amplitude
      iotaK2, was found to 1-3. 6. The activation curve, s infinity (Em), spread
      slightly to more negative potentials by cooling from 37 to 30 degrees C and the
      curve became less steep. 7. There is a large decrease in the inward background
      current on cooling, as estimated by measuring the net membrane current when iK is
      presumed to be zero, i.e. at the reversal potential for iK2.

PMID- 966179
TI  - An analysis of the actions of low concentrations of ouabain on membrane currents
      in Purkinje fibres.
AB  - 1. The influence of low concentrations (5 X 10(-8) to 5 X 10(-7) M) of ouabain on
      the K gradient in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres was observed by measuring changes
      in the reversal potential for a K specific current iK2, and by measuring total
      steady-state current-voltage relations. 2. Provided that the bathing solution K
      concentration, [K]o  was not too low, these doses of ouabain were often observed
      to increase the K gradient, i.e. the reversal potential was shifted in a negative
      direction. 3. The change in the reversal potential and in the current-voltage
      relation could be mimicked by reducing the value of [K]o in the absence of
      ouabain. It is therefore suggested that ouabain may stimulate the Na+-K+ exchange
      pump and so reduce the K concentration, [K]e, in the clefts of the preparation.
      4. At sufficiently low values of [K]o, a dose of ouabain that was stimulatory may
      become inhibitory. The reversal potential for iK2 then shifts in a positive
      direction. 5. During either stimulation or inhibition, the speed of change of
      reversal potential is consistent with a change in [K]e, which may change fairly
      rapidly. It is not possible to account for the results solely by changes in
      intracellular concentration, [K]i. 6. Low concentrations of ouabain were found to
      have no effect on the activation curve, s infinity (Em), controlling iK2. It is
      concluded that the changes in iK2 are solely attributable to changes in reversal
      potential. 7. Since net stimulation of the Na+-K+ exchange pump was observed to
      occur at doses of ouabain that exert a strong positive inotropic action on
      Purkinje fibres (Blood, 1975), it is not likely that the inotropic action is
      causally related to net pump inhibition.

PMID- 966180
TI  - [Digestion and absorption of dietary triglycerides].
AB  - This review is an attempt to put in order some facts obtained during twenty-five
      years of studying the digestion and absorption of dietary triglycerides. After a
      short history of this problem to show the progress of research, the active
      mechanism of pancreatic lipase on triglycerides is explained: this enzyme
      specifically hydrolyses fatty acids esterified with the primary hydroxyl groups
      of glycerol, forming 2-monoglycerides and free fatty acids. This fact is very
      important for the further process involving formation and composition of
      intraluminal micelles, along with absorption and de novo synthesis of
      triglycerides inside enterocytes. Several different points are disscussed: -
      Short or medium chain-length fatty acids are hydrolyzed more easily than long
      chain ones; after their absorption, the former go to the liver by the portal
      circulation and the latter go to lymph. - An evaluation of the extent of
      digestive hydrolysis has been given by means of doubly-labelled triglycerides
      (glycerol and fatty acids), and by comparing isotope ratio values of lymph and
      dietary triglycerides. - The physico-chemical state that intraluminal fats are in
      is discussed; 2-monoglycerides and fatty acids released from triglyceride
      hydrolysis form macromolecular agregates with biliary salts and phospholipids,
      cholesterol, and dietary phospholipids (or their degradation products). These are
      termed mixed micelles and are absorbed by diffusion. - Many recent morphological
      studies carried out with the electron microscope are indicated. - Two metabolic
      pathways for triglyceride resynthesis in the mucosal cells have been established,
      one from free fatty acids and alpha-glycerophosphate, the other from 1 or 2
      monoglycerides. Phosphatidic acids are involved in this resynthesis, but the role
      of other phospholipids is almost certainly not so narrowly limited. - The
      apparent digestibility of fats according to their fatty acid composition, and
      mainly according to the location of the fatty acids in the initial triglyceride
      molecule, is discussed. - The nature and importance of endogenous fatty acids in
      the digestive tract and lymph is discussed. - The lipid and fatty acid
      composition of lymph chylomicrons is given. - The importance of lymph lipid
      particles (average diameter 0,05 less than or equal mum) for transport of
      exogenous fatty acids is indicated. The biochemical mechanism involved in the
      digestion and absorption of dietary lipids are now well known, but some processes
      are still uncertain, particularly the physico-chemical state of intraluminal
      lipids, the role of enterocyte membranes, the synthesis and secretion of
      digestive enzymes, and the role of intestinal flora.

PMID- 966181
TI  - [Hand blood flow at rest and during submaximal exercise in acute and chronic heat
      stress (author's transl)].
AB  - Three groups of subjects, Europeans without any heat acclimation (called EE),
      Europeans after 3 weeks of acclimatization in India (EI), and Indians in their
      natural environment (II) were studied during exposure to an ambient temperature
      of 33 degrees C. Hand blood flow (Q), rectal temperature (Tre), mean cutaneous
      temperature (Tsk) were simultaneously recorded at rest and during 2 periods of
      muscular exercise (0.44 and 0.7 Vo2 max) of 35 mn duration. The results showed
      (1) at rest, Q was very high in EE, quite low in both EI and II; (2) at the onset
      of exercise, a hand vasoconstriction was observed in all cases; (3) during
      exercise, there was a progressive increase of Q until 200% maximum above rest
      values; (4) at the end of exercise, Q was proportional to the intensity of the
      exercise for each group and inversely proportional to the duration of heat
      exposure, the highest Q was observed in EE, the lowest in II and an intermediate
      value for EI close to the latter). These differences in hand blood flow could not
      be explained by differences in deep and/or superficial temperatures between
      subjects. Thus, during chronic heat exposure, there is, especially for an
      exercising man, a progressive modification of heat transport in the body: that
      is, a reduction of skin perfusion and a greater Tre-Tsk difference which are both
      adaptative responses. The value of hand blood flow as an estimation of whole
      superficial circulation is discussed.

PMID- 966182
TI  - Role of medical institutions in the development of new drugs.

PMID- 966183
TI  - Extra-amniotic mannitol for pregnancy termination (preliminary report).

PMID- 966184
TI  - The nephrotic syndrome (a follow up study of 32 cases).

PMID- 966185
TI  - Levodopa in the treatment of hepatic coma due to fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 966186
TI  - A preliminary study of etafenoxine.

PMID- 966187
TI  - Inflammatory process and screening methods for anti-inflammatory agents (a
      review).

PMID- 966188
TI  - Effects of child rearing by schizophrenic mothers: a follow-up.

PMID- 966189
TI  - Sensitivity of rating scales completed by psychiatrists, nurses and patients to
      antidepressant drug effects.

PMID- 966190
TI  - Computer content analysis of sex differences in the language of children.

PMID- 966191
TI  - Surgery in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 966192
TI  - Dextran 70 in the prevention of death from postoperative pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 966193
TI  - Venous thromboembolism: a cost evaluation of prophylaxis, investigation and
      treatment.

PMID- 966194
TI  - Hydrocephalus in the Sudan.

PMID- 966195
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of the breast.

PMID- 966196
TI  - Angiographic demonstration of a duodenal carcinoid.

PMID- 966197
TI  - The Bennett-Jones retractor.

PMID- 966198
TI  - Perforating wounds of the eye.

PMID- 966200
TI  - Naval medicine in Scotland.

PMID- 966199
TI  - Oral lymphomas.

PMID- 966201
TI  - Some aspects of impotence.

PMID- 966202
TI  - An approach to the problem of drug interactions.

PMID- 966203
TI  - The arts as aids to learning.

PMID- 966204
TI  - An agreement in europe.

PMID- 966205
TI  - On our best behaviour.

PMID- 966206
TI  - Vocational training for general practice-the Spalding seminars. A technique of
      topic teaching for trainees.
AB  - A technique for topic teaching for vocational trainees is described which matches
      trainees to patients to illustrate different facets of the topic under
      discussion.

PMID- 966208
TI  - Some books for the general practitioner.

PMID- 966207
TI  - Music and handicapped children.
AB  - Handicapped children may gain considerably from being introduced systematically
      to musical sounds. The benefit comes not only from enjoyment, but also from
      promoting intellectual, emotional, and social development. Some children who are
      severely handicapped intellectually may have great musical talent, such as
      perfect pitch, and if this is systematically cultivated a key can sometimes be
      found unlocking the barriers to the child's progress. Some examples are
      described.Several years' experience of working as a music therapist with children
      both normal and handicapped have convinced me that the use of music as an aid to
      learning is worth further study and research.

PMID- 966209
TI  - Complications of "slow-K" therapy.
AB  - (1) The failure of ;Slow-K' tablets to disintegrate prevents rapid release but
      allows them to be trapped by their bulk in the intestine.(2) Two cases are
      reported. In the first the tablet was trapped in a caecal diverticulum and the
      patient developed an abcess. In the second, abdominal pain developed which
      subsided when ;Slow-K' was stopped. Later ;Slow-K' was again started and the
      patient developed dysphagia.(3) The possibility of abdominal complications with
      this treatment should be remembered.(4) Effervescent KC1 preparations may replace
      ;Slow-K' but KC1 supplementation may be necessary only in cardiac disease.

PMID- 966210
TI  - Consultation patterns in a general practice.
AB  - A study from the Oxford Community Health Project is reported on the effects on
      consultation rates in general practice of patients' age, sex, date of
      registration, address, and usual doctor. The impact on consultation rates of
      accessibility of surgeries and availability of doctors is examined when the
      variables are controlled, and the importance of these factors is discussed in
      relation to planning primary medical care.

PMID- 966211
TI  - Otitis externa in children.
AB  - The commonest cause of ear-ache in children is otitis externa and five new cases
      of otitis externa will be seen for every case of otitis media.ACUTE OTITIS
      EXTERNA AND OTITIS MEDIA ARE QUITE DIFFERENT AND DISTINCT CLINICAL ENTITIES IN
      CHILDREN: the former is a tender, dirty, pruritic ear, often recurring in
      children with simple febrile illnesses; the latter is more isolated than is
      realised, non-recurrent and usually accompanying upper respiratory catarrhal
      illness.The fleeting nature of otitis externa as seen in childhood is typical of
      clinical material in general practice that presents quite differently from that
      in hospital practice. The long aetiological lists quoted in all series of cases
      of otitis externa in adults do not apply to otitis externa as seen in children.

PMID- 966212
TI  - Illness in a summer holiday camp.
AB  - (1) The medical needs of patients staying at a holiday camp during the summer of
      1974 have been analysed.(2) Medical advice was sought from a doctor about half as
      often as would have been expected from a comparable population at home, but the
      camp nurse saw three times as many patients as the doctor.(3) The clinical
      content of the consultation was analysed.(4) The outcome of the consultations and
      the role played by the nurse are discussed.

PMID- 966213
TI  - Lead and multiple sclerosis.
AB  - It has been suggested that lead may be a cause of multiple sclerosis, but
      confirmation of this hypothesis is difficult to obtain as lead is so widely
      present both in the environment and in many human tissues.In this study 22
      patients with multiple sclerosis were compared with 22 controls. Lead levels in
      the blood of the patients were not higher and urinary lead levels in the patients
      before and after a single dose of penicillamine did not provide evidence to
      support the hypothesis that lead may cause the disease.

PMID- 966214
TI  - A difference in dry mass between the heads of X- and Y-bearing human spermatozoa.
AB  - An integrating microinterferometer was used to measure the dry mass of sperm
      heads. The dry mass was found to be proportional to DNA content, and thus
      provides a useful method of estimating sperm DNA content. Using this technique we
      have confirmed that human spermatozoa which show none and one quinacrine
      fluorescent spot are X- and Y-bearing respectively. However, the measurements
      suggest that many of the spermatozoa with two quinacrine-fluorescent spots are
      not YY-bearing, as previously thought, but might be incompletely condensed Y
      bearing spermatozoa.

PMID- 966215
TI  - Protein composition in the fluid of individual bovine follicles.
AB  - The proteins in follicular fluid from individual and pooled bovine follicles were
      studied by gel chromatography and quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. The mean
      protein concentration was 86-4% of serum; very large proteins were present in
      only low concentrations. A minimum of 40 individual proteins was distinguished in
      follicular fluid, and 15 of these proteins were quantitated. A correlation
      between molecular weight and follicular fluid: serum concentration ratio was
      found. Fluid from individual follicles differed only in the relative
      concentrations of small and large proteins. An exception to this was IgG which
      was occasionally, but never in healthy growing follicles, present in
      concetrations above 150% of serum. Healthy growing, preovulatory and atretic
      follicles had higher, and cystic follicles mostly lower, concentrations of small
      proteins than serum. The concentration of alpha2-macroglobulin in healthy growing
      follicles never exceeded 16% of serum. The concentration of large proteins in
      follicular fluid increased with increasing follicle size. Attempts to detect
      proteins specific to follicular fluid by immunizing rabbits with pooled
      follicular samples and the follicular fluid proteins not bound by anti-bovine
      antiserum resulted in production of antibodies against fibrinogen and its split
      products D+E only.

PMID- 966216
TI  - Effect of removal of epididymal secretions on fertilization in vitro of mouse
      eggs.
AB  - The removal by centrifugation of epididymal contents from mouse spermatozoa had
      no deleterious effect on fertilization in vitro, and, depending on the genotype
      of the gametes, was frequently associated with increased levels of fertility.
      Washing of the spermatozoa significantly improved the fertilization rate of F1
      eggs with TO spermatozoa and of BALB/c eggs with BALB/c spermatozoa, but had no
      significant effect of F1 spermatozoa with F1 eggs.

PMID- 966217
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of frozen-thawed 8-cell mouse embryos.
AB  - Survival of frozen 8-cell mouse embryos transferred directly upon thawing to the
      uteri of Day 3 pseudopregnant foster mothers was significantly lower (26%) than
      the survival of unfrozen 8-cell embryos transferred immediately after collection
      (73%). When frozen-thawed 8-cell embryos were cultured for 20-24 hr before
      transfer survival was similar to that of unfrozen 8-cell embryos transferred
      after 20-24 hr inculture (65% and 73%, respectively). Ultrastructural examination
      of the frozen-thawed 8-cell embryos revealed no obvious damage to protoplasmic
      components.

PMID- 966218
TI  - Uterine luminal proteins at the time of implantation in rats.
AB  - Changes in rat urerine luminal proteins were analysed during pregnancy and after
      ovariectomy on Day 3 of pregnancy plus daily administration of progesterone, when
      delay of implantation is imposed. Total protein levels reached a peak level on
      Day 5 of pregnancy, the day of implantation, in the intact but not the
      ovariectomized females. Qualitative analyses of protein-SDS complexes showed an
      increase in a protein of molecular weight of approximately 70.000 and others of
      higher molecular weight during pregnancy, but in ovariectomized females the
      proteins of higher molecular weight were virtually undetectable by Day 10. The
      entry of blastocysts into quiescence after ovariectomy appears to be an
      adaptation by the embryos to suboptimal uterine luminal conditions.

PMID- 966219
TI  - The fertilizing capacity of epididymal spermatozoa in relation to age, body
      weight and the onset of sexual maturity in the golden hamster.
AB  - Experiments with prepubertal hamsters were undertaken to determine if the
      appearance of spermatozoa with fertilizing capacity in the cauda epididymidis is
      related to age and/or body weight and whether the development of sperm function
      coincides with complete maturation of the mating behaviour pattern. At Week 6
      after birth, intrauterine insemination of comparable numbers of spermatozoa
      showed that fertilizing capacity was related to body weight and not to age or
      seminal vesicular fructose concentration. In contrast to the low fertilization
      rate produced by spermatozoa from males weighing 80 g at Week 6 after birth,
      spermatozoa from 80-g males at Week 7 showed normal fertilizing capacity. Only
      50% of 7-week-old males weighing 100-110 g produced fertile matings whereas all
      matings were fertile with males weighing 135 g and with males weighing 100 to 110
      g that had received 7 consecutive daily injections of 50 mug testosterone
      beginning at Week 6 after birth. Comparison of sperm numbers in the cauda
      epididymidis and ductus deferens after mating at Week 7 showed that males which
      produced sterile matings were unable to terminate intromission with normal
      ejaculation of spermatozoa.

PMID- 966220
TI  - Proteins in human uterine fluid.
AB  - The proteins in saline washings from uteri of women at different stages of the
      menstrual cycle were examined by polacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4-5 and
      pH 8-9, isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide, and immunoelectrophoresis. The
      components present were mainly serum proteins but small amounts of uterine
      specific proteins were also detected. Measurement of the activities of several
      glycosidases in uterine washings revealed that alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-N
      acetylgalactosaminidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase were elevated when
      compared with serum.

PMID- 966221
TI  - Effects of RMI 12,936, a synthetic antiprogestational steroid, in the rat.
AB  - The antifertility effect of RMI 12,936 in the rat is shown to be reversible.
      Luteal hypertrophy followed administration to pregnant, but not to pregnant
      hysterectomized rats. Similar hypertrophy followed administration to
      pseudopregnant, immature gonadotrophin-treated, and immature hysterectomized and
      gonadotrophin-treated rats, but the ovarian sensitivity to gonadotrophins was
      reduced or unchanged, suggesting that the ovarian hypertrophy is due to a direct
      ovarian action of RMI 12,936. Progesterone production on Day 15 of pregnancy by
      the enlarged ovaries following RMI 12,936 administration on Day 8 was not
      significantly different from control levels, but there was a highly significantly
      reduction on Day 9. An isomer of RMI 12,936, Tsomer 201, presumed to be 7alpha
      methyltestosterone, was  shown to have antifertility and uterotrophic activities
      in rats similar to those of RMI 12,936. Unlike RMI 12,936, however, Isomer 201
      did show significant cross-reaction in the competitive protein-binding assay for
      progesterone and did not cause significant reduction in peripheral progesterone
      levels on Day 9 after administration on Day 8. From this and previous evidence it
      is concluded that RMI 12,936 inhibits progesterone synthesis, possibly by acting
      as an alternative substrate for ovarian delta(5)3-ketosteroid isomerase, and that
      the product is probably a competitive antagonist of progesterone at the receptor
      level.

PMID- 966222
TI  - Plasma concentrations of testosterone in the developing ram in different social
      environments.
AB  - Plasma testosterone profiles were determined by taking frequent blood samples at
      intervals from birth to 21 months of age from rams reared in isolation, in an all
      male group and in a mixed-sex group. The testosterone pattern was not modified by
      these different social environments. The ability of the ram to copulate when
      first exposed to an oestrous ewe, apparently a maturational process, was also
      independent of social rearing. At birth plasma testosterone levels were
      detectable but low, they were higher at 10 and 16 weeks of age and showed a
      marked rise by 26 weeks, coincident with the time of puberty. Depressive effects
      of season on testosterone profiles occurred during the 2nd year of life but not
      the 1st year.

PMID- 966223
TI  - The stimulation of follicular growth in cultured mouse ovaries by lactate salts.

PMID- 966224
TI  - Stimulation of uterine activity by administration of prostaglandin F-2alpha
      during parturition in sheep.

PMID- 966225
TI  - Effect of an intrauterine silk thread in the rat on the amino acid content of the
      intraluminal fluid.

PMID- 966226
TI  - Plasma relaxin and prolactin immunoactivities in pregnancy and at parturition in
      the ewe.

PMID- 966227
TI  - Effect of administration of progesterone and oestrogen on litter size in pigs.
AB  - Progesterone and oestrone alone or in combination were administered to sows
      during early gestation. A dose of 25 mg progesterone and 12-5 mug oestrone
      injected together for 10,5 or 2 consecutive days during the implantation interval
      caused increased litter size at term.

PMID- 966228
TI  - Improved developement of head-fold rat embryos in culture resulting from low
      oxygen and modifications of the culture serum.

PMID- 966229
TI  - Effect of site of transfer on pregnancy and twinning rates following bilatral egg
      transfer in the cow.

PMID- 966230
TI  - In-vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine by diapausing rat blastocysts.

PMID- 966231
TI  - Fertility of Merino sheep classfied according to degree of development of face
      wool and bred by artificial insemination.

PMID- 966232
TI  - Effect of sodium 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetate on spermatogenesis in the rat.

PMID- 966233
TI  - Influence of the IUD on ovarian activitiy in the hamster and rat.

PMID- 966234
TI  - Uterine proteins and development in vitro of rabbit preimplantation embryos.
AB  - The effects of isolated protein fractions from rabbit uteri (prealbumin, albumin,
      uteroglobin, and beta-glycoprotein), unfractionated uterine proteins,
      progesterone, oestradiol-17beta, and prostaglandin F-2a on the development of
      rabbit embryos in vitro were investigated. When exposed to individual protein
      fractions obtained from Day-6 uteri, 8-cell embryos did not develop into early
      blastocysts; morulae readily developed into early blastocysts, but further
      development was retarded. Progesterone (10(-5)-10(-11)M) and prostaglandin F-2a
      (0-1-10 ng/ml) added to the medium slowed development of blastocysts to advanced
      stages. Growth of 8- to 16-cell embryos, morulae, and Day-4 blastocysts was
      stimulated by unfractionated uterine proteins obtained from Day-5 uterine
      flushings. Although embryos cultured in medium containing BSA had similar rates
      of blastocyst formation and, ultimately similar blastocyst expansion as did the
      embryos cultured in medium with unfractionated proteins, the radial and immediate
      expansion of the early blastocysts cultured in the latter approximated that found
      in utero.

PMID- 966235
TI  - Embryonic development in rabbits after insemination with spermatozoa stored at
      37, 5 or-196 degrees C for various periods.
AB  - Rabbit spermatozoa stored at 37 degrees C for 5 hr, 5 degrees C for 5 hr or 5
      days, and-196 degrees C for 5 hr, 5 days, or 1 year were used to artificially
      inseminate does induced to ovulate normal or excess numbers of eggs. Fertility
      and subsequent embryonic development were examined. Frozen spermatozoa stored for
      5 hr fertilized fewer oocytes than those stored for 5 days or longer. Fewer
      embryos were recovered on Day 6 than on Day 2. Blastocysts were smaller when
      spermatozoa were stored for 5 days, were frozen or were placed in superovulating
      does, but no statistically significant differences in the % of fetal survival
      were found in the groups of normally ovulating does. Embryonic wastage associated
      with storage of spermatozoa resulted from a reduced fertilization rate and/or
      increased embryonic mortality before implantation.

PMID- 966236
TI  - Concentrations of fat and plasma 5alpha-androstenone and plasma testosterone in
      boars selected for rate of body weight gain and thickness of back fat during
      growth, sexual maturation and after mating.
AB  - The levels of 5alpha-androstenone and testosterone in peripheral plasma and
      5alpha-androstenone in fat collected from 18 boars selected according to
      thickness of back fat and rate of gain were evaluated. Sampling was started when
      the animals were about 100 days of age and samples were collected every 14 days
      until the boars were about 240 days old. The steroid profiles varied considerably
      between boars, although an increase in steroid levels was found in most animals
      with the onset of adolescence. The regression line for the level of 5alpha
      androstenone in fat and the age of the animals in days was found to be y = 0.02x
      1-31. High coefficients of correlation were found between the concentration of
      5alpha-androstenone in peripheral plasma and fat (r = 0-78) and between levels of
      5alpha-androstenone and testosterone in peripheral plasma (r = 0-64). Levels of
      5alpha-androstenone in peripheral plasma above about 15 ng/ml were usually
      accompanied by a heavy accumulation of 5alpha-androstenone in adipose tissue. The
      use of four of the boars for mating resulted in increased steroid levels in
      peripheral plasma and fat. Significantly higher levels of 5alpha-androstenone and
      testosterone were found in the peripheral plasma of boars selected for fatness
      and a low rate of gain than in boars selected for low back-fat thickness and a
      high rate of gain.

PMID- 966237
TI  - Production, chemical composition and prostaglandin F-2alpha content of uterine
      fluid in pregnant sheep.
AB  - A uterine pouch was prepared surgically in ewes before mating to study the
      production and chemical composition of uterine secretions during pregnancy.
      Pregnancy was established in 6 sheep and in the first 55 days uterine fluid was
      present in small amounts (less than 5 ml), whereas between 109 days post coitum
      and 3 days post partum the volume ranged from 90 to 775 ml. The chemical
      composition of uterine fluid in pregnancy differed from that of plasma especially
      in respect of its high concentration of total calcium (up to 83.5 mM) and
      prostaglandin (PG) F-2a (up to 1500 ng/ml). Progesterone was implicated as an
      important endocrine factor since uterine fluid (188 ml) with a high concentration
      of total calcium (53-5 mM) and PGF-2a(235ng/ml) was recovered from a non-pregnant
      sheep treated with progesterone for 115 days.

PMID- 966238
TI  - Placental fine structure after experimental embryonic death in cows.
AB  - Early embryonic death was experimentally induced by amnion rupture in pregnant
      heifers. The subsequent morphological alterations in the placenta were studied
      with light and electron microscopy, histochemical tests and electron microscope
      microanalysis. The material from the treated heifers differed from that
      inuntreated cows in the following aspects: the fetal-maternal junction was firm;
      many endometrial epithelial cells were desquamated and the remaining epithelium
      showed vacuolization or depletion of organelles; the trophoblast remained at the
      preattachment stage in its marked phagocytic activity and accumulation of lipid
      and glycogen, and many of the organelles were degenerated; and the mesenchyme
      contained extracellular deposits of iron and calcium. It is believed that the
      changes observed were caused by interruption of the fetal circulation followed by
      an accumulation of metabolic products.

PMID- 966239
TI  - Macromolecular components of genital tract fluids from the sheep.
AB  - The proteins and glycosidases in the luminal fluid from the genital tract of ewes
      at different stages of the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy were studied. Most
      of the proteins in oviducal fluid and uterine fluid were serum proteins, but an
      increased amount of a glycoprotein excluded from Sephadex G-200 was detected in
      oviducal fluid at oestrus. Small amounts of uterine-specific proteins were
      detected in uterine fluid by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and  isoelectric
      focusing. The number of these varied according to the stage of pregnancy. The
      activities of several glycosidases were elevated in uterine fluid when compared
      with serum; beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and beta-N-acetylglucosamindase were
      particularly active. Ovine cervical mucus was shown to contain an epithelial
      glycoprotein which had a composition similar to that of the glycoproteins
      isolated from human and bovine cervical mucus.

PMID- 966240
TI  - Vulvar dystrophies, atypias, carcinomata in situ: an invitational symposium.
      Historical background in developmental stages of the new nomenclature.

PMID- 966241
TI  - Hyperplastic dystrophy.

PMID- 966242
TI  - Changes in sexual drives of patients on oral contraceptives.

PMID- 966243
TI  - Intrauterine contraception with the copper T-200 and the Dalkon shield in
      nulligravid women.
AB  - A randomized, prospective study design compares the small Dalkon shield and the
      Copper T 200 (T Cu 200) intrauterine contraceptive devices in nulligravid women
      in the same clinic population during a 12-month period. This prospective study
      demonstrates statistically significant differences in the accidental pregnancy,
      expulsion and medical removal rates between the two devices. In nulligravid
      patients the T Cu 200 had lower event rates than the small shield in the
      categories of accidental pregnancy and medical removals for bleeding and pain.

PMID- 966244
TI  - Cysteine derivatives with reactive groups as potential antitumor agents.
AB  - Cysteine derivatives having diazo ketone and chloro ketone functions have been
      prepared. In order to effect adequate protection for modifying the carboxyl
      group, cysteine was converted to a thiazolidine derivative I, which was then
      converted to the N-acetyl derivative VII. The active ester method or activation
      with DCC yielded the diazo ketone derivative VIII. Similar treatment of the
      parent compound I with DCC led to a self-condensation reaction giving a
      diketopiperazine VI. The diazo ketone derivative VIII has been used in preparing
      alpha-chloro ketone derivative X and a homologue of cysteine. Deblocking N
      acetylated thiazolidine derivatives with various reagents did not proceed
      satisfactorily. Interaction of the N-acetylated blocked ester XII with
      trifluoroacetic acid opened the thiazolidine ring to give the N-acetylated
      blocked diester XIII and other products. The chloro ketone derivative X was found
      to have a moderate inhibitory activity against mouse mammary adenocarcinoma in
      cell culture. S-(1-Adamantyl)-L-cysteine was prepared and was found to be
      inactive.

PMID- 966245
TI  - Synthesis and biological evaluation of omega-homologues of prostaglandin E1.
AB  - The synthesis and biological activities of some compounds with novel
      modifications of the omega side chain of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) are described.
      The preparation of (+/-)-omega-Me-PGE1 (3) (+/-)-omega-Pr-PGE1 (5), and (+/-)
      omega-Bu-PGE1 (6) is outlined. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro smooth
      muscle stimulating activity on isolated gerbil colon preparations, for
      hypotensive action in anesthetized rats, and for gastric antisecretory effects in
      histamine-stimulated Heidenhain pouch dogs. Structural changes in the omega
      position of the noncarboxyl side chain of PGE1 influenced the biological potency
      of the resulting compound when compared to the reference standard PGE1 (2). The
      homologues demonstrated interesting separation of biological activities; for
      example, 4 showed potent hypotensive activity (84% of PGE1, it showed very low
      smooth muscle stimulating activity. Compound 3 possessed the same order of
      potency as 2 in the gastric antisecretory assay.

PMID- 966246
TI  - Tyrosylated analogues of somatostatin.
AB  - The total synthesis of [tyr1]-, [tyr6]-, E1Tyr7], [d-tyr8]-, [tyr11]-,and [tyr1,D
      Trp8]somatostatin is described. The biological potencies of these analogues in
      vitro (inhibition of spontaneous secretion of radioimmunoassayable growth hormone
      by cultured rat anterior pituitary cells) as compared with that of somatostatin
      (100) were found to be 116, 29, 108, 10, 65, and 400, respectively; in vivo, in
      the rat, these peptides were assayed for their ability to inhibit the spontaneous
      release of insulin and glucagon. No statistically significant discrepancies were
      observed in the potency values obtained in vitro and in vivo further indicating
      similarities of specificities and sensitivities of the pituitary and
      pancreatotropic receptors.

PMID- 966247
TI  - Nucleic acids. 16. Orally active derivatives of ara-cytidine.
AB  - Water-soluble derivatives of ara-cytidine (cytarabine, Cytosar) were prepared and
      tested for antitumor, immunosuppressive, and antiarthritic activities in animals
      after oral administration. The compounds tested included the 5'-palmitate, 5'
      benzoate, and 5'-adamantoate esters of ara-cytidine, made water soluble by use of
      their hydrochloride salts of peptidyl derivatives, and two basic 5' esters (5'
      nicotinoate and 5'-quinuclidinate) as their hydrochloride salts. Five of the
      compounds had antitumor activity superior to that found with ara-cytidine itself
      after oral administration in the L1210 leukemic mouse assay. One of these, 5'
      adamantoyl-ara-cytidine hydrochloride, had antitumor activity after oral
      administration approaching that achieved with parenterally administered ara
      cytidine.

PMID- 966248
TI  - Synthesis of tetrazole ribonucleosides and their evaluation as antiviral agents.
      2. 5-Amino-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-tetrazole and 5-amino-2-(beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)-2H-tetrazole.
AB  - Synthesis of 5-amino-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-tetrazole and 5-amino-2-(beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)-2H-tetrazole is described. X-Ray crystallography was first used to
      establish the stereochemical configuration of the two isomers. By conducting 13C
      NMR analysis on these isomers with known structures, i.e., N1beta, a correlation
      is developed for determining the N-ribosyl attachment site of tetrazole
      ribonucleosides. Results are also presented on antiviral testing of these
      synthetic 5-aminotetrazole ribonucleosides against influenza A2/Asian/J305 virus
      infection in mice.

PMID- 966249
TI  - Design of substrate-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of adenosine 5'
      phosphate aminohydrolase. Effect of substrate substituents on affinity for the
      substrate site.
AB  - Derivatives of adenosine 5'-phosphate (AMP) have been synthesized in which the
      phosphoester (POCH2) grouping of AMP is replaced by PCH(R)CH2 where R is OC(O)Me,
      CH2NHCOMe, CH2NHCOEt, and CH2NHCOOR' (R' = Me, Et, and Pr). The 2',3'-O
      isopropylidene and 2', 3'-di-O-acetyl derivatives of AMP were also prepared. All
      compounds were competitive inhibitors of rabbit muscle AMP aminohydrolase with
      enzyme-inhibitor dissociation constants (Ki values) of 330, 20, 17, 19, 16, 14,
      260, and 105 muM, respectively. All compounds were substrates except those in
      which R was CH2NHCOEt and CH2NHCOOR' (R'=Me, Et, and Pr). The previously
      described allo and talo epimers of 5'-C-acetylaminomethyl-AMP and the allo epimer
      of 5'-C-propionylaminomethyl-AMP were substrates and competitive inhibitors with
      Ki values of 18, 47, and 42 muM, respectively. The talo epimer of 5'-C
      propionylaminomethyl-AMP was not a substrate and was a noncompetitive inhibitor,
      Ki

PMID- 966250
TI  - Theoretical model-based equations for the linear free energy relationships of the
      biological activity of ionizable substances. 1. Equilibrium-controlled potency.
AB  - Because of the ambiguities of how to treat ionization in empirical equations
      which relate biological activity to partition coefficient by use of a (log P)2
      term, a theoretical approach to the problem is proposed. Based on a simplified
      view of assays of potency following in vitro or continuous infusion
      administration of drugs, equations have been derived from a combination of mass
      law, equilibrium, and extrathermodynamic assumptions. In general form the
      equations which relate potency to partition coefficient (P) and degree of
      ionization (alpha) are the following. If the neutral form reacts with the
      receptor, log (1/C) =-log [1 + SIGMAM(DIPci) + sigman[aj/Pb(1-alpha4y]] + X. If
      the ionic form reacts with the receptor, log (1/C) =-log [1 + (1 -
      Alphan)/(alphan)[sigmam(diPci) + sigman[aj/Pb(1-alphaj)]]] + X. In this
      generalized model there are m nonaqueous compartments and n aqueous compartments
      of different pH. The parameters a, b, c, and d can be interpreted in terms of the
      model. The shape of the log (1/C) vs. log P curve may be asymptotic, linear, or
      composed of two portions of unequal slope which meet at an optimum or a bend.
      With the use of these equations it is possible to examine whether the ion or the
      neutral form is the active species and whether there is hydrophobic bonding to
      the receptor and/or an inert compartment. The models may be further extended to
      include terms other than log P and alpha.

PMID- 966251
TI  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships. 3.1 A comparison of different Free
      Wilson models.
AB  - The Fujita-Ban model and the classical Free-Wilson model are shown to be linearly
      related: the de novo group contributions obtained by one model are linear
      transformations of those obtained by the other model. An example is given to
      illustrate this linear dependence. The Fujita-Ban model is characterized by a
      number of advantages as compared with the classical Free-Wilson model: no
      transformation of the structural matrix and no symmetry equations are necessary;
      all group contributions are based on an arbitrarily chosen reference compound,
      preferably the unsubstituted compound; the constant term, which is the
      theoretically predicted activity value of the reference compound, and the values
      of the group contributions are not markedly influenced by addition or elimination
      of a compound; the problem of linear dependence (the singularity problem)
      sometimes can be circumvented by preparation of a contracted matrix; if the
      unsubstituted compound is chosen as reference compound, the group contributions
      are numerically equivalent to Hansch-derived group contributions; therefore, the
      Hansch approach and the Fujita-Ban model can be combined to a mixed approach.
      Taking all these facts into consideration, the Frujita-Ban model is recommended
      as the most suitable approach for the calculation of de novo group contributions.

PMID- 966252
TI  - (-)-3-Isothujone, a small nonnitrogenous molecule with antinociceptive activity
      in mice.
AB  - (-)-3-Isothujone and (+)-3-thujone were examined for antinociceptive activity
      using the hot-plate and Nilsen tests. In the hot plate test (-)-3-isothujone
      (ED50 = 6.5 mg/kg) was found to be codeine-like and equipotent with (-)-delta9
      tetrahydrocannabinol while the racemic material was essentially half as potent as
      the levoratatory isomer. (+)-3-Thujone was inactive in both antinociceptive tests
      as were several structural analogues of the 3-thujones. As with the THC's less
      antinociceptive activity was observed in the Nilsen test than in the hot-plate
      assay. Acute toxicities for the 3-thujones were determined and vastly improved
      synthetic procedures have been developed for two long-known but difficulty
      accessible 3-thujanols.

PMID- 966253
TI  - Synthesis of 3-iodo-L-thyronine and its iodinated derivatives.

PMID- 966254
TI  - Optical isomers of 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine (viloxazine)
      and related compounds.
AB  - The optical isomers of 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
      (viloxazine) and 2-(3-methoxyphenoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine have been
      prepared and absolute configurations have been assigned. In their action on the
      central nervous system the S isomers are at least ten times more potent than the
      R isomers. The intermediate 4-benzyl-2-(p-toluensulfonyloxymethyl)tetrahydro-1,4
      oxazine has been resolved. Its isomers provide a convenient starting point for
      the preparation of optical isomers of viloxazine analogues of known
      configuration.

PMID- 966255
TI  - Synthesis and biological properties of 4-amino- and 4-bromo-4-norpyridoxol. New
      approaches for the modification of the 4 position of vitamin B6.
AB  - 4-Amino-4-norpyridoxol, a new key intermediate for the modification of the 4
      position of vitamin B6, has been obtained by an unusual photochemical
      rearrangement of pyridoxal oxime. It has also been synthesized starting from 3,
      alpha5-O-dibenzylpyridoxal, which was converted to 3,alpha5-O
      dibenzylpyridoxamide. The latter, on Hoffman reaction, gave the desired 3,5
      blocked 4-amino derivative. Several derivatives of this analogue have been
      prepared, and its existence in the amino tautomeric form has been established by
      NMR spectroscopy. A modified Sandmeyer reaction on 4-amino-4-norpyridoxol gave
      the 4-bromo analogue, which was found to be moderately active as an inhibitor of
      mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells grown in cell culture, whereas the 4-amino
      analogue was not active at 10(-4)M. Other analogues containing electron
      withdrawing and electron-donating substituents in the 4 position of pyridoxine
      were also tested.

PMID- 966256
TI  - Ethics and priorities.

PMID- 966257
TI  - Benefits for man and animals.

PMID- 966258
TI  - Justice, welfare and health care.
AB  - Miss Telfer offers a new analysis, classifying health care into four systems,
      only one of which, the "laissez-faire" type, is unlikely to be acceptable today.
      The other three systems are defined here as "liberal humanitarian", "liberal
      socialist" and "pure socialist." Each is analysed for its content and for the
      views of its protagonists and antagonists. On these issues no dogma is proclaimed
      as the author says she has sought to "bring out some of the principles at issue
      in any discussion of the rights and wrongs of socialized medicine". This journal
      is surely the proper place for such a discussion as the worlds of the politician,
      of the economist, of the doctor and of the patient come to a point in the
      philosophies behind the aspect of medical ethics exemplified in the provision of
      medical services by the state. Miss Telfer also glances down the byways of the
      medicine of the market place.

PMID- 966259
TI  - The ethics of animal experimentation.
AB  - Animal experimentation arouses great emotion in many people, perhaps more
      especially in Britain, and this has increased as more sophisticated medical and
      non-medical animal experiments are demanded by modern research. The Cruelty to
      Animals Act of 1876 is the only legal regulation of experiments in animals, and
      many of its clauses are ambiguous. So in 1963 a committee of enquiry - the
      Littlewood Committee - was set up. Dr Lane-Petter examines the emotional and
      factual background to the enquiry, and discusses in an ethical context the
      usefulness and positive advantages of animal experiments compared with those of
      possible substitutes and in some detail three of the questions left unanswered by
      the Littlewood Committee.

PMID- 966260
TI  - Exorcism: a psychiatric viewpoint.
AB  - Doctors, for several reasons, should be concerned with exorcism is the view of
      Professor Trethowan, who in this paper, looks at the main features of exorcism as
      practised in the middle ages and now appearing in the modern world, as was seen
      in the recent Ossett case in Britain. He examines in some detail the nature of
      supposed demoniacal possession and describes its symptoms and signs. He also
      touches on the social, as opposed to the religious, background in which
      demoniacal possession flourished (not lacking in the world today), so leading to
      an examination of the psychodynamic aspects of demoniacal possession and the
      question of absolute evil. Finally he compares the techniques of exorcism and of
      modern psychiatric practice.

PMID- 966262
TI  - Liberty.

PMID- 966261
TI  - "The soft embalmer of the still midnight": a problem of prescribing hypnotics in
      general practice.
AB  - Was it euthanasia or was it even murder? That is the rather dramatic question
      with which the case history ends. However, none of those taking part in this
      conference had any doubts that it was neither murder nor euthanasia. But all had
      doubts as to whether the patient received the best care which the medical and
      allied professions can command. The barrister declared that in law there would
      have been no case to answer but the consensus of opinion of the other
      participants was that as no real diagnosis had been made the treatment was
      essentially superficial - ensuring sleep for the patient by prescribing
      barbiturates. The most fundamental criticism of the management of this patient
      was that individuals looked after her rather than an interdisciplinary team, some
      member of which might properly have sought to overrule Dorothy (the patient's
      daughter) when she took her mother away from a nursing home. However, what makes
      this case conference fascinating is not the facts of the case or the treatment so
      much as the avenues for moral and social discussion opened for the reader.

PMID- 966263
TI  - Fluctuation and relaxation analysis of monazomycin-induced conductance in black
      lipid membranes.
AB  - Fluctuation and relaxation analyses were performed on monazomycin-induced
      conductance of lipid bilayer membranes. With both methods a slow (sec) and a fast
      (msec) current component are apparent; however, the amplitude of the slow,
      voltage-dependent process is greater than that of the fast component in the step
      relaxation experiment and less in the fluctuation experiment. The fluctuation
      analysis showed principally a rapid voltage-dependent process which appears to be
      related to the multistate character of the conducting channel. The experimental
      results are interpreted in terms of a simplified kinetic model which is used to
      calculate relaxation and noise amplitudes.

PMID- 966264
TI  - 2-Deoxyglucose transport by intestinal epithelial cells isolated from the chick.
AB  - Characteristics of 2-deoxyglucose uptake (2DG) by intestinal epithelial cells
      isolated from chickens were evaluated as a means of discriminating between the
      concentrative transport system for monosaccharides, associated with the mucosal
      brush border, and other possible routes of monosaccharide entry. 2DG was chosen
      as it is not a substrate for the mucosal transport system. The deoxysugar enters
      via a saturable pathway which is not Na+-dependent, is not inhibited by K+, does
      not accumulate solute against a concentration gradient; exhibits a high
      sensitivity to inhibition by phloretin; is relatively insensitive to phlorizin
      inhibition; and has low affinity [but high capacity relative to Na+-dependent
      mucosal transport of 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) and other monosaccharides]. These
      characteristics confirm those established in an earlier report for Na+
      independent uptake of 3-OMG. Complications encountered in the use of 2DG as a
      test sugar include significant rates of metabolic conversion to an anionic form
      which presumably is a phosphorylated species. Methods for distinguishing between
      transport and subsequent metabolism are described. Inhibition of 2DG entry by
      several other sugars is described and inhibitory constants (K's) given for each.

PMID- 966265
TI  - Effect of transepithelial concentration gradients on the passive fluxes of sodium
      across toad bladder.
AB  - Bidirectional sodium fluxes across toad bladder were measured after eliminating
      active transport with ouabain. Mucosal sodium concentration, Cm, was
      progressively reduced (from 114 to 3 mM) while serosal sodium remained constant.
      Potential difference was maintained at zero by current passage. The ratio, Q, of
      the bulk permeability coefficient for sodium, P, to the tracer sodium
      permeability coefficient, P, was found to remain constant as Cm decreased.
      Equations were derived on this basis for bidirectional fluxes and for P and P as
      functions of Cm, which corresponded closely to the observed data. The explanation
      for the observed value of Q and its constancy under these conditions is
      uncertain.

PMID- 966266
TI  - On the mechanism of electrical coupling between cells of early Xenopus embryos.
AB  - The mechanism of electrical coupling between cells of early Xenopus embryos has
      been studied by examination of the nonjunctional membrane resistances and
      capacitances as a function of cleavage stage, the junctional and nonjunctional
      membrane resistances as functions of time during the first cleavage, and the
      electrical properties of the primitive blastocoel. The changes in membrane
      resistances and capacitances during the first two cleavages may be completely
      explained by the addition of new membrane, identical in specific resistance and
      capacitance to the original membrane, at a constant rate to furrows which are
      electrically connected to the perivitelline space. Microelectrode recording from
      the primitive blastocoel indicates that there is no electrical difference
      detectable between it and the perivitelline space. These results are discussed in
      the context of current theories of the mechanism of intercellular electrotonic
      coupling.

PMID- 966267
TI  - The mechanism of Na+ transport by rabbit urinary bladder.
AB  - The mechanism of Na+ transport in rabbit urinary bladder has been studied by
      microelectrode techniques. Of the three layers of epithelium, the apical layer
      contains virtually all the transepithelial resistance. There is radial cell-to
      cell coupling within this layer, but there is no detectable transverse coupling
      between layers. Cell coupling is apparently interrupted by intracellular
      injection of depolarizing current. The cell interiors are electrically negative
      to the bathing solutions, but the apical membrane of the apical layer depolarizes
      with increasing Isc. Voltage scanning detects no current sinks at the cell
      junctions or elsewhere. The voltage-divider ratio, alpha, (ratio of resistance of
      apical cell membrane, Ralpha, to basolateral cell membrane, Rb) decreases from 30
      to 0.5 with increasing Isc, because of the transport-related conductance pathway
      in the apical membrane. Changes in effective transepithelial capacitance with Isc
      are predicted and possibly observed. The transepithelial resistance, Rt, has been
      resolved into Ra, Rb, and the junctional resistance, Rj, by four different
      methods: cable analysis, resistance of uncoupled cells, measurements of pairs of
      (Rt, alpha) values in the same bladder at different transport rates, and the
      relation between Rt and Isc and between alpha and Isc. Rj proves to be
      effectively infinite (nominally 300 k omega muF) and independent of Isc, and Ra
      decreases from 154 to 4 omega muF with increasing Isc. In the resulting model of
      Na+ transport in "tight" epithelia, the apical membrane contains an amiloride
      inhibited and Ca++-inhibited conductance pathway for Na+ entry; the basolateral
      membrane contains a Na+--K+-activated ATPase that extrudes Na+; intracellular
      (Na+) may exert negative feedback on apical membrane conductance; and aldosterone
      acts to stimulate Na+ entry at the apical membrane via the amiloride-sensitive
      pathway.

PMID- 966268
TI  - Permeability of a cell junction during intracellular injection of divalent
      cations.
AB  - Divalent cations are microinjected into Chironomus salivary gland cells while the
      cell-to-cell passage of fluorescein (330 dalton) and electrical coupling are
      monitored. Injections of Ca and Mg that substantially depolarize the cells
      produce block or marked slowing fluorescein passage, accompanied by electrical
      uncoupling. Injections of Ca, Mg or Sr that cause little depolarization, and
      presumably smaller elevation of divalent cation concentration in the cytoplasm,
      produce block or marked slowing of fluorescein passage with little or no
      detectable electrical uncoupling. This partial uncoupling may reflect total
      closure of a fraction of the channels in junctional membrane or partial closure
      of all channels.

PMID- 966269
TI  - Diffusion and 1/f noise.
AB  - The noise associated with ion transport through porous membranes is considered as
      a diffusion process. This is confirmed experimentally by measuring the noise
      spectra associated with pores of known dimension. It is then shown that one
      dimensional diffusion through pores of variable length can produce approximate
      1/f noise spectra, if the distribution of lengths is proportional to (length)-1.

PMID- 966270
TI  - Potassium movement during hyperpolarization of cardiac muscle.
AB  - When a bundle of cardiac muscle cells is hyperpolarized, membrane current
      declines with time. Voltage clamp experiments on sheep and cat ventricular
      bundles showed that the magnitude of inward current depended on the external K+
      concentration. Following prolonged hyperpolarization, membrane current near the
      resting potential was generally outward. The half-time of decay of this outward
      current was approximately 2.5 sec at -60mV. The potential measured in the absence
      of externally supplied current was generally more negative than it would have
      been without conditioning hyperpolarization. The half-time of recovery of the
      current response following hyperpolarization was also approximately 2.5 sec at 
      60 mV, a factor of approximately 3.7 slower than the preceding decline of inward
      current. The rate of recovery has only a slight temperature dependence (Q10
      approximately equal to 1.2). The experimental results are consistent with the
      idea that during hyperpolarization K+ is depleted from approximately 3% of the
      total muscle volume, and that the replenishment of K+ occurs primarily by K+
      diffusion from a much larger fraction of the extracellular space.

PMID- 966271
TI  - Mutants with reduced Ca activation in Paramecium aurelia.
AB  - Two heat-sensitive "pawn" mutants of Paramecium aurelia are capable of avoiding
      reactions when grown at 23 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C.
      Electrophysiological analyses show that Ca activation is reduces in the mutants
      even when they are grown at 23 degrees C. The maximal rate of rise and the peak
      of the evoked action potential (Ca-spike) in the mutants are smaller than those
      of wild type in a K-solution. After suppression of K conductance by either TEA+
      or Ba++, the action potentials of the mutants peak at the same level as that of
      wild type. However, the maximal rate of rise of the mutants remains only about
      half that of wild type. Thus, the mutations affect Ca activation but not K
      activation. Incubation at a high temperature (35 degrees C) further reduces Ca
      activation to almost zero in the mutants but has little or no effect on wild
      type. This almost complete loss of Ca activation explains the lack of avoiding
      reactions when the mutants are grown at high temperatures. A double mutant
      containing two heat-sensitive mutations shows extremely reduced Ca activation
      even when grown at 23 degrees C.

PMID- 966272
TI  - What the internist should know about echocardiography.

PMID- 966273
TI  - A simple technique for performing bronchography.

PMID- 966274
TI  - Report of a case of clear-cell carcinoma of the vagina.

PMID- 966275
TI  - The president speaking. Status of implementation of P.L. 93-641.

PMID- 966276
TI  - Radiation dangers of mammography.

PMID- 966277
TI  - Editorial:  Position paper on mammographic examinations.

PMID- 966278
TI  - Problems in abdominal surgery. V. Incisional hernia.

PMID- 966279
TI  - Radiological seminar CLXII: Liver scanning in polycystic liver disease.

PMID- 966280
TI  - Regional health planning: what to look for.

PMID- 966281
TI  - Interaction of host and viral regulatory mechanisms: effect of the ion cell
      division defect on regulation of repression by bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 966282
TI  - Superoxide dismutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: crystallization and
      preliminary x-ray diffraction studies.

PMID- 966283
TI  - The capsid protein of bacteriophage lambda and of its prehead.

PMID- 966284
TI  - Effects of continuous light and darkness on the eyes of the troglobitic
      salamander Typhlotriton spelaeus.
AB  - Larval Typhlotriton spelaeus collected from five caves in Pulaski Co., Missouri,
      were kept as larvae or induced to transform in darkness or continuous fluorescent
      illumination. Larvae maintained in darkness for 215 and 279 days had smaller
      eyes, smaller rod inner and outer segments, and fewer metaphase figures in the
      germinative zone of the neural retina than comparable larvae maintained in light
      (258 lux). Except for visual cell size, differences were small and for each
      characteristic exceptions were observed. One larva kept in light showed early
      retinal degeneration comparable to that in transformed adults to T. spelaeus. All
      larvae exhibited optomotor behavior both before and after the experiment. Among
      animals induced to transform by L-thyroxin and maintained in darkness 111 to 366
      days, visual cell and pigment epithelium degeneration was more extensive and more
      frequent than in animals kept for the same length of time in light (237-298 lux).
      In darkness the frequency of animals with retinal degeneration increased between
      111 and 366 days. In light some animals exhibited pigment epithelium reduction
      with normal visual cells, and others had free, pigmented cells in the subretinal
      space. These effects were not comparable to degeneration in darkness. Eyelids
      covered the eyes of only a few animals in both light and dark treatments. The
      extent of eyelid encroachment over the eye greater in darkness than in light.
      Most animals exhibited optomotor responses after experiments, but responses of
      animals kept in darkness were impaired in comparison to those of animals kept in
      light.

PMID- 966285
TI  - A staging system for forelimb regeneration in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum.
AB  - A staging system has been devised for normal regeneration from the upper arm in
      the mature axolotl. It consists of seven externally definable stages: (1) Wound
      healing (WH): (2) Dedifferentiation (DD); (3) Early bud (EB); (4) Medium bud
      (MB); (5) Late bud (LB); (6) Palette (Pal), and (7) Digital outgrowth (DO).
      Serial histological sections of 38 regenerating limbs were used to correlate
      gross stages with microscopic events in the regenerative process.

PMID- 966286
TI  - Cytological observations of the ovarian epithelium in mammals during the
      reproductive cycle.
AB  - We have studied the ovarian epithelijm at various stages of the reproductive
      cycle in a number of mammalian species utilizing light microscopy, scanning
      microscopy, the freeze-fracture technique, transmission microscopy and by
      employing specialized tracers that use lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase. We
      found that the epithelial cells are joined by incomplete tight junctions, gap
      junctions, and desmosomes. The cytoplasmic matrix contains a large irregularly
      shaped nucleus, few microtubules, microfilaments, mitochondria, endoplasmic
      reticulum and a host of coated and non-coated vesicles of varying diameters. The
      saccules comprising the large Golgi complex and its companion vesicles are
      associated with a basal body-centriole complex: some of these saccules and
      affiliated vesicles are acid phosphatase positive. Surface modifications of
      ovarian epithelial cells include numerous microvilli, some of which have a
      bulbous tip, and plications of the lateral plasma membrane which are thought to
      accomodate volume changes of the ovary during follicular development. Many coated
      and non-coated endocytotic caveolae were found on these cells, particularly in
      the basal area. These caveolae internalized exogeneously administered horseradish
      peroxidase. We view the marked endocytotic activity as an efficient transport
      mechanism for partially removing substances from the interstitium of the ovary
      and the peritoneum.

PMID- 966287
TI  - Ultrastructure of the secretory cells of the submucosal glands in the human
      maxillary sinus.
AB  - Tissue samples obtained from the lateral wall of the maxillary sinuses of five
      patients were examined by light microscopical, histochemical, and ultrastructural
      techniques. Submucosal glands were tubulo-alveolar mixed glands. The acini
      consisted of either all serous or all mucous cells, or a mixture of both. Serous
      granules were stained by toluidine blue, or by hematoxylin and eosin (H and E),
      but showed little or no reaction with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or Alcian blue.
      Mucous granules were pale in toluidine blue or H and E preparations, and
      consisted primarly of acid mucosubstances, as demonstrated by their staining
      reaction with PAS and Alcian blue. At the electron microscope level, the serous
      granules were either homogeneously dense, or showed a substructure consisting of
      at least two layers of distincly different electron-opacity. Typical mucous
      droplets consisted of a fibrillar network dispersed in a translucent matrix. A
      second secretory product was present in the mucous cells in the form of
      elongated, membrane-bounded structures containing numerous parallel filaments,
      which measured about 55 A in diameter. The mucous droplets and the filamentous
      bodies appear to arise from the opposite faces of the Golgi complex in the mucous
      cells. The filamentous bodies showed a pronounced tendency to fuse with the
      mucous droplets. All acini were surrounded by a well-defined myoepithelial layer
      and contained intercellular nerve terminals.

PMID- 966288
TI  - Fine structure of the retinal epithelium and tapetum lucidum of the opossum
      (Didelphis virginiana).
AB  - The fine structure of the retinal epithelium has been studied by electron
      microscopy in the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). The retinal epithelium, over
      most of the retina, is typical of that in other vertebrates and consists of a
      single layer of heavily pigmented, cuboidal cells. These cells display extensive
      basal (scleral) infoldings and numerous apical (vitreal) processes which enclose
      photoreceptor outer segments. A semicircular area of the retinal epithelium in
      the superior fundus is further specialized as a tapetum lucidum. The reflecting
      material consists of a large quantity of lipoidal spheres scattered throughout
      the epithelial cells. Centrally in the tapetal area very few or no melanosomes
      are found, indicating a non-occlusible tapetum. Peripherally in be tapetum, the
      epithelial cells contain both reflecting material and melanosomes. As in the non
      tapetal area, the epithelial cells of the tapetum display large amounts of smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria. Bruch's membrane everywhere
      displays the usual pentalaminate structure described for most vertebrates. The
      choriocapillaris is also typical, in that numerous fenestrations are present in
      the endothelium bordering Bruch's membrane.

PMID- 966289
TI  - The structure of the hypothalamic inferior lobes of the blacktip reef shark:
      scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations.
AB  - The inferior lobes of the shark hypothalamus were examined with light,
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cells bordering the floor of
      the lateral recess appear to be typical liquor-contacting neurons. With scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM) the apical ends of these cells are seen to bulge into
      the ventricular lumen. In contrast, the roof is lined by a more typical ependymal
      cell characterized by numerous cilia and microvilli. In addition, SEM reveals
      several kinds of supraependymal cells with processes that appear to penetrate the
      ventricular lining. A periventricular nucleus underlies the ependymal cells.
      Neurons of the periventricular nucleus contain numerous lipofuchsin granules. The
      rest of the inferior lobe consists of many neuronal fibers. The morphology of the
      hypothalamic inferior lobe is discussed in relation to its possible role in
      feeding and aggressive behavior in both elasmobranchs and teleosts.

PMID- 966290
TI  - Self complementarity in messenger RNA of collagen. I. Possible hairpin structures
      in regions coding for oligopeptides of glycine, proline (hydroxyproline) and
      alanine.
AB  - The periodic protein collagen is of special interest for the study of the
      relationship which exists between the structure of a protein and that of its
      mRNA, because oligopeptides containing glycine, proline (hydroxyproline) and
      alanine occur with great frequency in it. Collagen is particularly rich in these
      amino acids, which have codons containing only G and/or C in the obligatory first
      and second positions. If unlimited choice of codons for all amino acids were to
      occur, the stretch of mRNA coding for an alpha-chain should contain about 40% G
      and 31% C (Bachra et al., 1974). These high values suggest that a considerable
      degree of secondary structure will occur, unless selective codon use would result
      in the avoidance of G and C in optional third codon positions. In the present
      paper putative secondary structure formation in collagen mRNA was studied. This
      was done by studying the positions and frequencies of hairpin structures which
      could contain stem sections composed of the coding triplets of the above
      mentioned amino acids and hairpin sections of 4-40 bases. Calculation of the free
      energy contributions of such hairpin structures, using published values for the
      contributions of base-pair stacking, hairpin, bulge and interior loops and also
      taking into account the possible minimum number of base-pairs required for helix
      nucleation from a single-strand RNA (3 adjacent AU-pairs or 1 or 2 adjacent GC
      pairs) led to the following conclusions. A considerable number of alternative,
      mutually exclusive hairpins can be constructed.

PMID- 966291
TI  - Elemental abundance as a factor in the origins of mineral nutrient requirements.
AB  - No element is found to be commonly required if it has an abundance of less than
      about 2 nM in the ocean, 20 mumoles/kg in the earth's crust, or 200 mumoles/100
      moles Si in the cosmos. More than 40 elements are above these limits, but only 18
      of them are commonly required (6 of these being dispensed with by some organism).
      It is postulated that all of the required elements fall under one of four
      hypotheses: H-I--a unique requirement dating from the origin of life; H-II--a
      unique requirement, acquired later; H-III--a primordial requirement which was
      satisfied by a number of elements, evolutionary adaptation being made to the most
      abundant member; H-IV--same as III, but a later acquisition. It is suggested that
      H, K (vs. Na), Mg (vs. Ca), C, N, O, P, S and Fe fall under H-I. Special
      requirements such as for B, Se and I fall under H-II. In H-III are K vs. Rb, Mg
      vs. Be(?), S vs. Se, Clvs. Br, H vs F(?), and Zn and Mn vs. various metals. In H
      IV probably fall Ca vs. Sr, Na vs. Li (?), Mo vs. V, and Si vs. Ge. The most
      abundant heavy metal in the ocean is Zn, which may account for its utilization;
      other required heavy metals have special utility as electron carriers.

PMID- 966293
TI  - Challenges for biomedical science dedication address, the Harold D. West Basic
      Sciences Center Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee.

PMID- 966292
TI  - Criteria for optimising phylogenetic trees and the problem of determining the
      root of a tree.
AB  - The process of determining the optimal phylogenetic tree from amino acid
      sequences or comparable data is divided into six stages. Particular attention is
      given both to the criteria that are used when testing for the optimal tree and
      the problem of determining the position of the original ancestor. Four types of
      criteria for evaluating the optimal tree are considered: 1. parsimony (fewest
      total changes), 2. path lengths from an ancestor to existing species, 3.
      subtracting the difference between each pair of species as measured on the tree
      and as compared directly with the data ("excess differences"), 4. Moore Residual
      Coefficient. These criteria are examined on a set of test data and some of the
      reasons for the differences among them are discussed. For example, the "average
      percent standard deviation" weights excess differences unequally in inverse
      proportion to the square of the observed differences. The Moore Residual
      Coefficient and the "excess differences" will not necessarily give a value of
      zero when there are no duplicated changes unless there can only be two states for
      each character (i.e. binary data). The path length and difference criteria (as
      well as the Moore Residual Coefficient) give unequal weighting to the individual
      branches of the tree by counting some branches more times than others.
      Particularly because of this some criteria will reject trees that are equally
      parsimonious and the criteria are said to be invalid. However the criterion of
      parsimony is insensitive in that it can give the same value for several basic
      networks and it does not specify the position of the original ancestor, the root
      of the tree. The importance is emphasised of stating a model and examining its
      predictions before a criterion is chosen to select the best network. The number
      of rooted trees that can be derived from a basic network (or unrooted tree) is
      described in relation to how detailed a description of the original ancestor is
      required. Four methods are described for determining the position of the root of
      the tree or original ancestor. Each method depends upon some additional
      information to that used in constructing the basic network and the method chosen
      will depend on this additional knowledge.

PMID- 966294
TI  - Ectropion in an adolescent female: a case report.

PMID- 966295
TI  - Esophageal carcinoma in blacks: analysis of 88 necropsied cases.

PMID- 966296
TI  - Minority perspective of a National Health Insurance.

PMID- 966297
TI  - Surgical treatment of low velocity gunshot wounds of the extremities: analysis of
      a two-year study.

PMID- 966298
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in Ibadan: response to various chemotherapeutic agents and
      long-term survivors.

PMID- 966299
TI  - Malignant lymphoma of the floor of the mouth.

PMID- 966300
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the spinal column: diagnostic and therapeutic
      considerations.

PMID- 966301
TI  - Gunshot wounds of the inferior vena cava: report of five survivors.

PMID- 966302
TI  - Intracranial germinomas: a case report.

PMID- 966303
TI  - Prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in patients with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 966304
TI  - Cloacogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 966305
TI  - Some social characteristics of Ghanaian medical students: towards an
      understanding of medical socialization.

PMID- 966306
TI  - Wrinkles around the mouth: needle treatment.

PMID- 966307
TI  - Destructive lesions of bone: X-ray differential diagnosis.

PMID- 966308
TI  - Issues related to the protection of the human fetus in biomedical research.

PMID- 966309
TI  - Clinical judgement and the utilization committee.

PMID- 966310
TI  - The uniqueness of hair transplantation in black patients.

PMID- 966311
TI  - Arsenic and cancer: the still unanswered question.
AB  - For some 2,500 years, arsenic was considered an important element of
      pharmacopeias and was praised for its medicinal qualities. However, an incidental
      link with cancer was suggested during the nineteenth century, and since that time
      a controversy has ensued with regard to the compound's tumorigenicity. Several
      epidemiological surveys, for example, have suggested that arsenic induces lung,
      liver, or skin cancer in humans. On the other hand, all experimental attempts to
      reproduce such neoplasms in laboratory animals have consistently failed, thereby
      denying support to the human data. Recently arsenic was reported to be mutagenic.
      However, because of the inconsistency of most mutagenesis findings at present,
      this also cannot be regarded as supporting evidence. Furthermore, a recent trend
      has been to consider arsenic as beneficial in cancer prevention and in
      maintaining the health of farm animals, and, perhaps, humans. A critical review
      of epidemiological and experimental data from the literature has been made in an
      attempt to present an objective picture of this controversial and sensitive
      question and to encourage further research, which may ultimately determine
      whether arsenic deserves its execrable reputation.

PMID- 966312
TI  - Effect of acute carbon monoxide poisoning on serum lactate dehydrogenase and
      creatine phosphokinase.
AB  - Young adult rats were exposed to 1,500 ppm CO in air for 2 hr. Blood
      carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration immediately postexposure was 55.68 +/-
      0.90%. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity peaked at 117% above control 2
      hr postexposure, while serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity was maximal at
      132% above control immediately following termination of exposure. Serum LDH
      activity declined to control within 8 hr, while serum CPK undershot controls at 8
      hr and returned to the control value by 24 hr.

PMID- 966313
TI  - A study of chromosomes of schistosomiasis patients under oxaminiquine (UK 4271)
      treatment.
AB  - Blood samples from 24 patients infested with Schistosoma mansoni were drawn
      immediately before and 2 days after the administration of a single therapeutic
      dose of 12-15 mg/kg oral oxaminiquine. Two-day lymphocyte cultures were obtained
      and about 100 mitoses from each blood sample were analyzed for chromosome
      aberrations. No significant differences were observed between the "before" and
      "after" cultures in the frequencies of aberrations resulting from spindle,
      chromatidic, or chromosome events. It is concluded that there is no reason to
      fear harmful effects on the chromosomes of patients from treatment with
      oxaminiquine.

PMID- 966314
TI  - Teratology and percutaneous toxicity studies on hair dyes.
AB  - Twelve hair dye formulations were tested for systemic toxicity by topical
      application twice weekly for 13 wk to groups of 12 New Zealand white rabbits and
      for teratologic effects following applications to groups of 20 pregnant Charles
      River CD rats on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19 of gestation. The three
      semipermanent formulations were applied as is, and the nine oxidation dyes were
      mixed 1:1 with 6% hydrogen peroxide just prior to application, as in normal use.
      The formulations induced a broad spectrum of dyes and dye intermediates used or
      considered useful in oxidative and semipermanent hair color products. In the
      teratology study no biologically significant soft tissue or skeletal changes were
      noted. Similarly, the mean numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live
      fetuses, and resorptions per pregnancy, as well as numbers of litters with
      resporptions, were not significantly affected by the dye treatment. In the
      percutaneous toxicity study there was no evidence of compound-induced systemic
      effects. Microscopic examination of 25 tissues from each animal gave no
      indication of histomorphologic evidence of toxicity. No dye discoloration of
      urine was seen at any time during the test or at necropsy. Some of the dye groups
      showed epidermal hyperplasia, which was probably a reflection of slight
      irritation due to the frequency of application of the oxidation formulations.

PMID- 966315
TI  - Strain differences in histopathologic, hematologic, and blood chemistry changes
      induced in mice by a technical and a purified preparation of 2,4,5
      trichlorphenoxyacetic acid.
AB  - Including controls, 978 mice were studied. On days corresponding to days 6
      through 14 of pregnancy, groups of pregnant and nonpregnant CD-1 mice and male
      and nonpregnant female dihybrid cross F2 mice received by gavage 2,4,5
      trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) ranging in dosage from 30 to 140 mg/kg.
      Some groups received a technical preparation containing 97.9 +/- 0.4% 2,4,5-T and
      some a purified preparation containing 99 +/- 0.3% 2,4,5-T. Mice were sacrificed
      when they became moribund and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11 days after beginning
      treatment. Sick or moribund mice sacrificed after 2-9 doses of 2,4,5-T often
      showed severe myocardial lesions, hypocellularlity of the bone marrow, and
      depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen or lymph nodes. They also showed
      marked hematologic and blood chemistry changes. Treated mice remaining healthy
      showed few or no lesions or blood chemistry changes, but often developed a mild
      anemia attributable to a hemolytic effect of 2,4,5-T. The incidence of animals
      becoming moribund was less than 1% in the CD-1 mice, including those given 140
      mg/kg, and 53-82% in groups of male and female F2 mice receiving 120 mg/kg 2,4,5
      T. The incidence of moribund mice tended to be higher in male than in female F2
      mice and in those given the purified compound. These findings indicate that
      impairment of maternal health by severe lesions early in gestation is not the
      primary cause of an increase in incidence of fetal abnormalities observed in mice
      given 2,4,5-t. they also indicate that the lesions are due primarily to 2,4,5-T,
      rather than contaminants in the technical preparation, and illustrate the
      importance of using more than one strain of mouse in a toxicologic or teratologic
      study.

PMID- 966316
TI  - Metabolism of 109Cd in rats fed normal and low-calcium diets.
AB  - Growing male rats were fed purified diets that contained either 0.6% or 0.1%
      calcium to investigate the relationship of calcium intake to the uptake, tissue
      distribution, and excretion of 109Cd. An equal number of rats were fed either the
      0.6 or 0.1% calcium diets for 4 wk before they were used for experiments. In the
      first experiment 11 rats from each dietary group were administered 5 muCi 109Cd
      by stomach tube and were then maintained in metabolism cages for 72 hr. Animals
      fed the low-calcium diet took up more 109Cd, as significantly higher levels of
      radioactivity were found in the intestinal mucosa, serum, lungs, liver, kidneys,
      and urine and a significantly lower level was found in the feces. Higher levels
      of 109Cd, associated with low-molecular-weight proteins that may be related to
      the absorption process, were found in the intestinal mucosa of the low-calcium
      group. In the second experiment 10 rats from each dietary group were administered
      5 muCi 109Cd by subcutaneous injection and then maintained in a metabolism cage
      for 72 hr. No significant differences were found in the distribution or excretion
      of 109Cd except for the lungs where radioactivity was greater in the low-calcium
      group. The results of the study indicate that the enhanced cadmium toxicity
      observed in calcium-deficient animals exposed to the heavy metal is the result of
      an increased uptake from the small intestine.

PMID- 966317
TI  - Effects of platinum and palladium salts on parameters of drug metabolism in rat
      liver.
AB  - The effects of various salts of platinum of palladium were determined on the
      parameters of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system from rat liver. The
      intraperitoneal injection of PtCl4 or Pd(NO3)2 increased the hexobarbital-induced
      sleeping time in vivo and generally decreased the aminopyrine demethylase and the
      content of cytochrome P-450 in isolated hepatic microsomes. The dietary
      administration of various salts of platinum or palladium for 1 wk generally
      decreased or had no effect on the parameters of drug metabolism by isolated
      microsomes and after 4 or more wk generally had no effect on, or increased, the
      parameters. The addition of 0.15-0.2 mM PtCl4 or 0.2-0.3 mM Pd(NO3)2 to the
      incubation medium (containing 5 mM MgCl2) inhibited the aminopyrine demethylase
      of isolated hepatic microsomes by 50%.

PMID- 966318
TI  - Lupin alkaloids from teratogenic and nonteratogenic lupins. III. Identification
      of anagyrine as the probable teratogen by feeding trials.
AB  - Alkaloidal extracts from teratogenic lupins produced congenital deformities in
      calves typical of crooked calf disease when the extracts were administered to
      pregnant cows during the susceptible gestational period. These data and previous
      epidemiologic studies suggest that one of the four alkaloids in the preparation,
      anagyrine, is the responsible teratogen. Severity of the malformations was
      directly related to the level of anagyrine present in the preparations
      administered.

PMID- 966319
TI  - Lupin alkaloids from teratogenic and nonteratogenic lupins. IV. Concentration of
      total alkaloids, individual major alkaloids, and the teratogen anagyrine as a
      function of plant part and stage of growth and their relationship to crooked calf
      disease.
AB  - The concentrations of total alkaloids and individual major alkaloids including
      the teratogen anagyrine were measured in various plant parts of teratogenic
      lupins as the plants matured. All alkaloids including angyrine were high in
      concentration in above-ground parts early in growth and decreased as plants
      matured, except for an increase in mature, intact seeds. Seeds were highest,
      followed by early growth leaves and stems. Roots were lowest with mature leaves
      and stems only slightly higher. Pregnant cows have the greatest risk of giving
      birth to calves with crooked calf disease when the concentration of the teratogen
      anagyrine is highest and the cows are in the susceptible 40-75 day gestation
      period when ingesting the plant.

PMID- 966320
TI  - Reproductive, teratologic, and mutagenic studies with some polydimethylsiloxanes.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of selected
      polydimethylsiloxanes on reproduction and fetal development in rats and rabbits
      and to determine the mutagenic potential of one such material in mice. In two
      separate three-phase studies in rats and rabbits with a 350 centistoke medical
      grade fluid, the only significant effect noted was an apparent dose-related
      incidence of in utero mortality at dose levels of 200 and 1,000 mg/kg sc in rats
      in one study. No evidence of fetotoxicity was obtained in the second study at the
      same dose levels. The incidence of talipes varus at a sc dose level of 200 mg/kg
      in rabbits (8.8%) is at or above that expected for control populations. The
      nonoccurrence of talipes varus at the higher level of 1,000 mg/kg and the absence
      of this defect in the companion study casts doubt on the significance of this
      finding. A 7-cs pump fluid was nonteratogenic in rats at oral doses as high as
      1,000 mg/kg and was nonmutagenic in ma1e mice at ip doses of 5 and 10 g/kg. A 10
      cs fluid was nonteratogenic in rabbits at a dermal dose level of 200 mg/kg.

PMID- 966321
TI  - Sublethal effects of chronic lead ingestion in mallard ducks.
AB  - Mallard drakes (Anas platyrhynchos) fed 1, 5, or 25 ppm lead nitrate were bled
      and sacrificed at 3-wk intervals. No mortality occurred, and the pathologic
      lesions usually associated with lead poisoning were not found. Changes in
      hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration did not occur. After 3-wk ducks fed 25
      ppm lead exhibited a 40% inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid
      dehydratase activity that persisted through 12 wk exposure. After 12 wk treatment
      similar enzyme inhibition was present in the ducks fed 5 ppm lead. At 3 wk there
      was a small accumulation of lead (less than 1 ppm) in the liver and kidneys of
      ducks fed 25ppm lead; no further increases occurred throughout the exposure. No
      significant accumulation of lead occurred the the tibiae or wing bones. Groups of
      ducks fed 5 and 25 ppm diets for 12 wk were placed on clean feed and examined
      through a 12 wk posttreatment period. After 3 wk on clean diet delta
      aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and lead concentrations in the blood had
      returned to pretreatment levels. Even though lead concentrations in the blood,
      soft organs and bone were low, a highly significant negative correlation between
      blood lead and blood enzyme activity was obtained. This enzyme bioassay should
      provide a sensitive and precise estimate for monitoring lead in the blood for
      waterflow.

PMID- 966322
TI  - Phytochemical and toxicological screening of household ornamental plants
      potentially toxic to humans. I.
AB  - Thirty different genera of household ornamental plants have been investigated to
      determine the loci and natures of potential toxins and any injurious effects
      produced in experimental animals. Different plant parts were tested for
      alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides. At least
      seven genera showed detectable concentrations of alkaloids. Glycoside tests were
      variable, and there was an indication that several species may contain steroid
      components. Sixteen genera showed positive saponin foam tests. None of the
      species were clearly cyanogenic. Preliminary biologic screening on rats and mice
      is given.

PMID- 966323
TI  - Heptachlor: toxicity to and uptake by several estuarine organisms.
AB  - Technical-grade heptachlor (65% heptachlor, 22% trans-chlordane, 2% cis
      chlordane, and 2% nonachlor) was tested in 96-hr bioassays to determine its
      toxicity to estuarine animals. The test organisms and the 96-hr LC50 or EC50s
      based on measured concentrations in water) are as follows: American oyster
      (Crassostrea virginica), 1.5 mug/liter; pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), 0.11
      mug/liter; grass shrimp (Palaemonetes vulgaris), 1.06 mug/liter; sheepshead
      minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), 3.68 mug/liter; pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides),
      3.77 mug/liter; and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), 0.85 mug/liter. Analytical-grade
      heptachlor (99.8% heptachlor) and heptachlor epoxide (99%) were also studied. The
      analytical-grade heptachlor 96-hr LC50 for pink shrimp and spot was 0.03
      mug/liter and 0.86 mug/liter, respectively, while that for pink shrimp exposed to
      heptachlor epoxide was 0.04 mug/liter. Heptachlor was accumulated and some
      metabolized to its epoxide by all animals tested. Fish and oysters accumulated
      heptachlor in their tissues 2,800-21,300 times the measured concentration in
      water; shrimp, only 200-700 times.

PMID- 966324
TI  - Elution of benzo[alpha]pyrene from carbon particles in the respiratory tract of
      mice.
AB  - The effect of carrier particle size on the rate of dissociation of
      benzo[alpha]pyrene (BaP) from carrier particles deposited in the respiratory
      tract of mice was studied. BaP-coated carbon particles (in two size ranges, 0.5
      1.0 and 15-30 mum) plus 103Ru-tagged carbon tracer particles were intratracheally
      instilled in mice. The clearance of carbon particles and the simultaneous rate of
      elimination of BaP from the respiratory tract was measured. BaP adsorbed to 15-
      to 30-muM carbon particles was eliminated from the lung at essentially the same
      rate as the carbon particles were cleared. In contrast, BaP adsorbed to 0.5- to
      1.0-muM carbon particles was eliminated from the lung approximately 4 times
      faster than the carbon particles were cleared. The persistence of carcinogens and
      their rates of elution from carrier particles are discussed in relation to the
      pathogenesis of lung cancer in animals treated with carcinogen-carrier particle
      preparations.

PMID- 966325
TI  - DNA damage produced by povidone-iodine in cultured human diploid cells.
AB  - Povidone-iodine is capable of selective altering the DNA of human diploid cells
      growing in culture. This finding extends to eukaryotic cells, the previously
      reported DNA-modifying activity of this agent for bacteria. In view of the known
      relationship between DNA-modifying activity and potential carcinogenicity, the
      results suggest that the potential hazards posed by the widespread use of this
      agent be evaluated.

PMID- 966326
TI  - Effect of mycotoxins on uptake and degradation of [125I] albumin in mouse liver
      and kidney lysosomes.
AB  - Some mycotoxins have been evaluated with respect to effects on the
      reticuloendothelial function of uptake and degradation of a soluble, denatured
      protein in phagolysosomes isolated from mouse liver and kidneys. Toxins were
      dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and administered intraperitoneally. Particulate
      fractions isolated from liver and kidney homogenates were assayed for proteolytic
      activity within osmotically active particles (phagolysosomes). Treatment with
      citrinin, penitrem A, streigmatocystin, and zearalenone produced inhibition of
      proteolysis in kidney but not in liver phagolysosomes. Moniliformin and T-2 toxin
      had no detectable effect on lysosome formation or function in either tissue. The
      phagolysosomal toxicity of these compounds appeared to be more toward kidney than
      liver. Both sterigmatocystin and zearalenone caused an increase in kidney
      phagolysosomal fragility at early times after treatment, and all agents except
      penitrem A caused a decrease in uptake of labeled albumin into kidney cells.
      Citrinin labelized kidney phagolysosomes in vitro but not in vivo, while only
      citrinin and zearalenone inhibited in vitro preparations of cathepsin.

PMID- 966327
TI  - Influence of certain metals on the level of metallothionein-like proteins in the
      liver and kidneys of rats.
AB  - Rats were given certain metal salts once every other day for six to eight doses
      and therafter the levels of metallothionein-like proteins (MTP) were determined
      in their liver and kidneys. The normal level of those proteins ranged from 0.1 to
      0.4 mg/g in the liver and 0.2 and 0.6 mg/g in the kidney. Beryllium, magnesium,
      barium, strontium, tin, arsenic, selenium, chromium, and nickel administration
      did not influence the tissue levels of MTP. There was a tendency toward increased
      MTP levels in the liver after the application of high doses of iron. A
      significant increase in MTP levels in the liver resulted from cobalt
      administration and in the kidneys of bismuth-treated rats. Applying molecular
      filtration it was shown that both metals were partially bound in vivo to protein
      fractions, the molecular weights of which are close to that of metallothionein.

PMID- 966328
TI  - A quantitative rotational test of vestibular function.
AB  - This paper describes a quantitative vestibular test in which the stimulus is a
      constant angular acceleration of 3 degrees/sec2 for 80 sec. The nystagmus output
      is plotted as cumulative slow phase eye displacement against time and is
      displayed on an oscilloscope screen along with the output from a mathematical
      model describing vestibulo-oculomotor function. External dials allow one to
      change the equation constants thereby altering the shape of the model output.
      Values for equation constants which match the model output to the patient can be
      read directly from the dials, thus providing a description of the vestibular
      system under test. Results indicate that vestibular asymmetry (manifest by
      spontaneous nystagmus is not uncommon in normals, and only when spontaneous
      nystagmus is coupled with vestibular gain does one get a measure of abnormality.
      The significance of altered vestibular parameters in certain pathological states
      is discussed.

PMID- 966329
TI  - [Long-term antibiotic therapy in chronic purulent otitis media].
AB  - A new therapeutic approach is proposed for chronic purulent otitis media. This
      clinical condition is often a recurring phenomenon in spite of all forms of
      treatment. Ten cases are reviewed and the results encourage the authors to pursue
      this form of treatment consisting of a longterm antibiotherapy of Ampicilline and
      Cloxacilline in a further study.

PMID- 966330
TI  - Hydrocephalus following translabyrinthine surgery.
AB  - Hydrocephalus has been identified and surgically treated with ventricular
      peritoneal shunts in two of 150 patients following translabyrinthine
      microsurgical removal of acoustic tumors. This problem has prompted a review of
      the subject of hydrocephalus in general and "otitic hydrocephalus" in particular
      in relation to contemporary extended temporal bone surgery.

PMID- 966331
TI  - Epidural hemorrhage, a rare complication of otitis media.
AB  - Extradural hemorrhage caused by otitis media is so rare that only four cases were
      found in a search of the literature. Certain striking similarities and the
      singular absence of a major demonstrable bleeding vessel in all cases appear more
      than coincidental and we have proposed a theory to explain the cause of the
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 966332
TI  - Bilateral temporal bone metastases of a uterine cervix carcinoma.
AB  - A case is reviewed of bilateral temporal bone metastases from a carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix. The pertinent literature is reviewed and the temporal bone
      histology is described.

PMID- 966333
TI  - Vocal restoration following laryngectomy.
AB  - Methods of vocal restoration after laryngectomy are summarized and a new approach
      briefly described. It is emphasized that surgical procedures should only be
      contemplated when a satisfactory esophageal voice has not been achieved.

PMID- 966334
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus with a vocal cord granulomatous nodule.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with subcutaneous granulomatous nodules, joint
      symptoms, and a positive latex titre for rheumatoid factor may cause diagnostic
      confusion with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This has been a subject of renewed
      interest in recent medical literature, but reports of nodules in SLE outside the
      subcutis are rare. This report presents a patient with SLE and with a vocal cord
      granulomatous nodule, arthralgia, and a positive latex titre for rheumatoid
      factor. The laryngeal manifestations of SLE are discussed.

PMID- 966335
TI  - [Non-instrumental traumatic rupture of the hypopharynx and the cervical
      esophagus].
AB  - We present four cases of non-instrumental traumatic ruptures of the hypopharynx
      and the esophagus. Three are ruptures with closed neck and one with a rupture
      associated with a cervical wound. A conjoined lesion of the airway is usual,
      except in one of our observation. All people injured come from car, sport, or
      work accidents. The esophageal wound, contaminating the mediastinum, is life
      threatening and requires a rapid therapeutic solution: wide drainage tube and
      antibiotics. The diagnosis, often difficult due to poor symptomatology, must be
      thought of when there is any severe trauma of the cervical region.

PMID- 966336
TI  - Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus presenting as spontaneous pneumocephalus.
AB  - A 60 year old woman presented with headaches and a destructive lesion in the
      sella turcica. She refused treatment but returned seven years later with a
      spontaneous pneumocephalus and dementia. A mucocele of the sphenoid sinus was
      discovered. Her symptoms resolved after removal of the mucocele and obliteration
      of the sphenoid sinus.

PMID- 966337
TI  - [Physiopathology of spontaneous extravasation of urine in the upper urinary
      tract. Apropos of 24 cases].
AB  - Extravasation of urine was seen in 24 intravenous pyelograms taken for renal
      colic during the year 1973-74. A number of the patients presented with an acute
      abdomen. Extravasation took place of retained urine under pressure in the renal
      pelvis with leakage either around the clayces, from a fissure in the pelvis or
      even around the ureter. Extravasations of this type are in general rabsorbed
      without trace. In 5 cases, operation was necessary to drain a purulent collection
      which had developed in association with the extravasated urine.

PMID- 966338
TI  - [Post-operative course in tetraplegics after urological surgers (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors report their experience with 33 tetraplegics undergoing surgery. The
      operations were varied, endoscopic (resection of the bladder neck, of the
      prostate or striate sphincter, lithot-itiasis) or surgical (lombotomies,
      transintentinal cutaneous ureterostomies). The post-operative course may be
      dramatic or even fatal (acute hypertension with cerebral haemorrhage).
      Respiratory insufficiency poses no particular problem and can be controlled.
      Epidural anaesthesia maintained for several days makes it possible to avoid the
      more serious problems: -- autonomic hyperreflectivity, -- delayed resolution of
      ileus and digestive complication. The authors hence use epidural anaesthesia
      routinely and are satisfied with the technique.

PMID- 966339
TI  - [Standardisation of the terminology of function of the lower urinary tract.
      Incontinence, cystometry, ureteral profile, units of measurement (author's
      transl)].
AB  - This report contains an initial series of recommendations concerning the
      terminology of function of the lower urinary tract. It is related specifically to
      the storage of urine in the bladder, urinary continence and units of measurement.
      These recommendation were discussed during the 4th Annual Meeting of the
      International Continence Society at Maintz, Germany in September 1974. This
      standardisation is proposed in order to facilitate the comparison of results
      obtained by investigators who use urodynamic methods. It is recommended that the
      taking into consideration of these standards by noted in written publications, in
      the "Material and Methods" paragraph or its equivalent: "The methods, definitions
      and units conforme with the standards proposed by the International Continence
      Society".

PMID- 966340
TI  - [Hypertension due to limited coarctation of the right renal artery occurring 2
      years after left nephrectomy for a "small kidney". 5 year cure obtained by
      enlargement angioplasty (author's transl)].
AB  - The case of a young boy developing hypertension 3 years after removal of a small
      kidney due to pyelonephritis and vesico-ureteral reflux. Discovery in the artery
      of the remaining kidney of a limited coarctation without any of the lesions
      usually responsible for hypertension. Cured by enlargement angioplasty with a 5
      year follow-up. This case is interpreted as an example (to our knowledge the only
      case in the literature) of hypertension, the mechanism of which is that revealed
      by Schlegel's experiments.

PMID- 966341
TI  - [Association of a benign renal tumor with renal tuberculosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors present what seems to be the first case in the world of the
      association of urinary tuberculosis with a benign tumor of the kidney.

PMID- 966342
TI  - [A case of urethra replacement using a silicone elastomer prosthesis.
      Observation, preliminary results, comments].

PMID- 966343
TI  - [Inverted urothelial epithelioma. Apropos of 3 bladder cases].

PMID- 966344
TI  - [Urethral tumors following cystectomy for bladder neoplasm. Observations on 3
      clinical cases].

PMID- 966345
TI  - [Our surgical statistics in obstructions of the uretero-vesical junction].

PMID- 966346
TI  - [Reduction of the upper calice in Fraley's syndrome].

PMID- 966347
TI  - [Use of graduated Malecot's catheter in surgery for urinary incontinence and for
      urinary retention women].

PMID- 966348
TI  - [Scrotal urinary fistula due to urethro-vas deferens reflux].

PMID- 966349
TI  - [Solitary cyst of the kidney: an hereditary characteristics or a coincidence in
      the same family].

PMID- 966350
TI  - [Observations apropos of 3 new cases of priapism treated by sapheno-cavernous
      anastomosis].

PMID- 966351
TI  - [A rare tumor of the scrotum. Apropos of one case of epididymal angioma].

PMID- 966352
TI  - [6-year-results of total cystectomy for a sigmoid tumor graft].

PMID- 966353
TI  - [Pseudocyst of the pancreas simulating a cyst of the left kidney].

PMID- 966354
TI  - [Follow-up of a puplication concerning a case of bilateral parathyroid adenoma].

PMID- 966355
TI  - Marine organisms around outfall pipes in Santa Monica Bay.

PMID- 966356
TI  - Metal contamination of flatfish around a large submarine outfall.

PMID- 966357
TI  - DDT in sediments and organisms around southern California outfalls.

PMID- 966359
TI  - Long-term biodegradability of textile chemicals.

PMID- 966358
TI  - Chromium effects on coastal organisms.

PMID- 966360
TI  - Relationship between intrarenal distribution of blood flow and renin secretion
      during ureteral occlusion.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between renin
      secretion from the denervated kidney and intrarenal distribution of blood flow
      during reductions in renal perfusion pressure by partial constriction of the
      aorta with and without ureteral occlusion in the anesthetized dog. In addition,
      renin contents in different zones of the kidney were measured. A reduction in
      renal arterial pressure from normal pressure (125-135 mmHg) to 77 mm Hg resulted
      in significant increase in renin secretion and redistribution of cortical blood
      flow. A further reduction of renal arterial pressure to 51 mmHg produced a marked
      increase in renin secretion rate (RSR) without further changes in the intrarenal
      distribution pattern of blood flow. The pressure reductions during ureteral
      occlusion increased RSR without any change in the distribution pattern of blood
      flow, and a decrease in the amounts of extractable renin was found in the outer
      cortex of the experimental kidney. These findings suggest that renin release
      occurs mainly in the outer cortex, and this process may be stimulated when the
      mechanism of autoregulation fails as the perfusion presure approaches to the
      lower range of autoregulation in the outer cortex.

PMID- 966361
TI  - Epidemiological studies of cerebro-and cardiovascular diseases in the northeast
      of Japan Part I. Pathological approach to the study in Akita Prefecture.
AB  - To define the etiologic factors of Japanese cerebrovascular diseases, a
      pathological research was conducted on autopsy cases of stroke in Akita
      Prefecture. In most cases of cerebral hemorrhages, especially in the middle age
      group (30-59 of age), arteriosclerotic deviations in basal berebral arteries of
      the circle of Willis and intracerebral small arteries are not found. The authors
      conclude that cerebral hemorrhage may occur without relationship to disturbances
      of lipid metabolism, biochemically, and to atherosclerosis, pathologically.
      Concerning cerebral infarction, especially in the old generation (over 60 years
      of age), severe arteriosclerotic deviations were recognized both in basal
      cerebral and intracerebral arteries. These changes were highly influenced by the
      grade and duration of hypertension, and rarely influenced by
      hypercholesterolemia. According to the above-mentioned facts, the results
      obtained from out epidemiological survey were confirmed by the pathological
      studies.

PMID- 966362
TI  - Quantitative detection of cerebral arteriosclerosis by means of the pressure
      velocity hysteresis technique.
AB  - The quantitative detection of cerebral arteriosclerosis by means of the pressure
      velocity hysteresis technique composed of the cerebral blood velocity pattern
      (blood velocity pattern in the internal carotid artery measured by the ultrasonic
      Doppler technique) and the cerebral pressure pulse pattern (common carotid
      arteriogram measured by non-invasive sphygmography) was investigated in 17-normal
      young males, normal middle-aged males and patients with cerebral vascular
      disorders. The ratio of blood pressure/blood velocity in the maximum blood
      velocity was used as a measure of resistance of the blood flow. The resistance of
      the cerebral blood flow was significantlpy increased in the patients with
      cerebral vascular disorders compared to that in the normal young males. The
      resistance of cerebral blood flow in the middle-aged males was prone to be
      intermediate between the former two. The results suggest that the pressure
      velocity hysteresis technique is useful for the quantitative detection of
      cerebral vascular resistance as well as cerebral arteriosclerosis. Several
      factors related to the technique were discussed.

PMID- 966363
TI  - Correlation between myocardial and plasma concentration of digitoxin and its
      metabolites with special reference to digitoxin radio-immunoassay.
AB  - According to our prevous study, the metabolites of digitoxin show nearly dentical
      affinity with digitoxin antibody. The present study reveals relatively constant
      ratio of heart to plasma in total 3H-counts, and the concentration of metabolites
      are ver similar between the two throughout the time investigated which indicates
      digitoxin concentration of plasma as determined by radioimmunoassay reflects well
      that of myocardium, although it may contain metabolites.

PMID- 966365
TI  - Hemodynamic analysis of blood pressure responses to afferent somatic nerve
      stimulating in dog.

PMID- 966364
TI  - A histopathological study on the conduction system of the so-called "Pokkuri
      disease" (sudden unexpected cardiac death of unknown origin in Japan).
AB  - The conduction system of seven cases died of the so-called "Pokkuri disease", was
      histopathologically studied with serial sectioning method. Fibrosis with a
      significant reduction of conduction fibers was observed in the sinoartrial node
      and junction between the node and atrial muscle fibers in 6 cases. Abnormal
      course and branching of the sinus node artery was seen in 6 cases of which 3 had
      no penetration of its main branch into the node. Some pathological lesions
      exsisted in the atrioventricular conduction system in 4 cases: 2 had fibrotic
      lesion in the distal bundle of His and proximal left and right bundle branches
      which were sandwiched between the abnormal conal muscle and the summit of
      ventricular septum. Remaining 2 had lipomatous partial interruption in the mid
      and distal bundle of His. Simultaneous involvement of sinoartrial node and the
      atrioventricular conduction system was observed in 4 cases. One of such cases
      showed abnormal ECG consisted of a left axis deviation and right bundle branch
      block. As a conclusion, pathological lesions in the conduction system are
      revealed in more than half of cases of "Pokkuri disease/. The pathgenesis seems
      to be related to minor anomalies such as abnormal sinus node artery, abnormal
      conal muscle situation.

PMID- 966366
TI  - The concept of afterload mismatch and its implications in the clinical assessment
      of cardiac contractility.
AB  - The characteristics of left ventricular ejection (velocity and extent of wall
      shortening) can be analysed in relation to the appropriateness of the matching
      between afterload and the level of inotropic state (contractility), as modified
      by the preload (Frank-Starling) reserve. In the normal left ventricle if the
      preload is not allowed to compensate for an acute increase in afterload, or if
      the limit of preload reserve is reached, velocity (V CF) and stroke volume will
      diminish; that is an afterload mismatch occurs. This acute mismatch can be
      corrected by administration of a positive inotropic agent. In normal conscious
      animals and in man the ejection phase measures in the basal state  (such as
      ejection fraction, and VCF corrected for heart size) encompass a relatively
      narrow range, and when the normal heart adapts successfully to a chronic pressure
      or volume overload such measures remain normal per unit of muscle. These findings
      provide the basis for their use in detecting a depressed basal level of inotropic
      state, even in the presence of certain valvular lesions. When there is mild
      depression of the basal inotropic state, enhanced preload and dilatation can
      allow full compensation of VCF, but acute pressure loading can allow detection of
      the the reduced preload reserve by inducing a substantial fall in stroke volume
      and VCF. When the basal inotropic state is greatly reduced, a mismatch between
      afterload and contractility, expressed as reduced VCF or ejection function, will
      become evident in the basal state even if the afterload is normal. Any increase
      in aortic pressure will then cause a sharp reduction in stroke volume or VCF.
      Also, under these circumstances therapeutic afterload reduction with agents such
      as nitroprusside can increase velocity and extent of wall shortening, and the
      cardiac output, providing the preload is maintained. The concept of afterload
      mismatch with limited preload reserve provides a framework for understanding the
      behavior of the normal or depressed ventrile and how it can operate on a
      "descending limb" of function. It helps to explain why measures of the ejecting
      phase (which are sensitive to afterload) appear to be more reliable than
      isovolumic phase indices (which are relatively insensitive to afterload) for
      detecting depressed basal inotropic state. Finally, the concept allows for
      interpretation of the responses observed in the clinical setting to acute and
      chronic increases and decreases in loading conditions on the left ventricle.

PMID- 966367
TI  - President lecture. Effects of venous congestion and acute hemorrhage on body
      fluid equilibrium between tissue and blood in skeletal muscle and kidney.

PMID- 966368
TI  - Vascular protein metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
AB  - Labelled proline incorporation into collagenous and noncollagenous proteins of
      aorta or mesenteric arteries was significantly increased in 70-day-old
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at the early stage of hypertension in
      comparison with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WK) rats; however such an increase was
      not detected in 30-day-old SHR at the prehypertensive stage. Similar increases in
      the  proline incorporation were noted in 70-day-old renal hypertensive rats and
      in DOCA hypertensive rats in which hypertension had been induced similarly to
      that om SHR. Furthermore, the decay of the specific activity of noncollagenous
      and collagenous proteins was studied for 100 days after labelled proline
      infusion. The dacay of the noncollagenous protein activity was clearly
      accelerated in the heart, aorta and especially in the mesenteric arteries of SHR
      compared with WK. The decrease in the hydroxyproline radioactivity of the
      collagenous protein was significantly faster in the aorta and mesenteric arteries
      in SHR. These results proved the increased protein metabolism in the arterial
      walls in the relatively early stage of hypertension in SHR as well as in
      experimental hypertension, and then suggested its importance in the common
      pathogenetic mechanisms of hypertension.

PMID- 966369
TI  - Arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats after high spinal cord
      section.

PMID- 966370
TI  - Plasma renin and vascular complications in substrains of the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat, with a reference to water and electrolyte balance.
AB  - The stroke-prone and stroke-resistant substrains of the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat (SHR) were employed for an evaluation of possible role of
      reninangiotensin system and of water and electrolyte balances in inducing
      hypertensive vascular lesions. Serial study on plasma renin level and vascular
      changes did not support the hypothesis that plasma renin is a major risk factor
      in the development of cardiovascular complications. The high plasma renin level
      seen in advanced stages of hypertension appeared to be a result of severe
      vascular damages, indicating malignant transformation of hypertension. In this
      state, water turnover was enhanced without any abnormality in electrolyte
      balances. A possible mechanism involved in the malignant course of hypertension
      is discussed.

PMID- 966371
TI  - Plasma renin and the antihypertensive effect of angiotensin-II antagonist in
      experimental hypertension.

PMID- 966372
TI  - Renin inhibition by synthetic phosphatidyl and phosphorylethanolamines.
AB  - Renin inhibitory effects of about 30 kinds of newly synthesized Phosphatidyl-E
      and Phosphoryl-E were studied in vitro and in vivo. Among the synthetic
      Phosphatidyl-E, PE (SEE ARTICLE) SERies were the most potent and these were
      stronger than natural Phosphatidyl-E. We also confirmed that the converison from
      the original Phosphatidyl-E, so called prerenininhibitor, to lyso-form to exhibit
      renin inhibition as mentioned by Sen et al15,16 and Baggio et al.20 was not
      essential. But a stronger inhibition to renin was observed in PE-72, one of
      synthetic Phosphoryl-E analogues. PE-104, Phosphoryl-E without long fatty acid
      chain, was the most potent inhibitor in this study. PE-72 and PE-104 inhibited
      the reaction between dog renin and substrate in a competitive way. In dogs and
      rats, Phosphoryl-E decreased hypertensive responce and increase angiotensin I
      concentration induced by the exogenous renin. Hypotensive effects of Phosphatidyl
      E and Phosphoryl-E were also demonstrated in renal hypertensive rats and not in
      normotensive rats.

PMID- 966373
TI  - Hypotensive response to angiotensin II analogue in benign essential hypertension.

PMID- 966374
TI  - Plasma catecholamine levels in the coronary sinus, aorta and femoral vein of
      subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization at rest and during exercise.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine (CA) levels in the coronary sinus (CS), aorta (Ao) and
      femoral vein (fv) were simultaneously measured in 22 patients with various heart
      diseases at rest and during handgrip exercise (IHG). The mean resting levels of
      plasma norepinephine (NE) in CS, Ao and FV were 359 +/- 49 (SEM) pg/ml, 290 +/-
      27 and 234 +/- 24, respectively. The corresponding values of epinephrine (E) were
      127 +/- 18 pg/ml, 186+/- 30 and 97 +/- 11, respectively. The E values in Ao were
      significantly greater than those in CS and in FV (p less than 0.05). IHG exercise
      induced an obvious elevation of plasma CA levels in every portion of the
      circulation studied. The mean increments of NE concentration were 81%, 54% and
      67% of the resting levels at CS, Ao and FV, respectively, while IHG induced
      elevation of E were 70% of the resting values at each portion studied.
      Significant correlations were observed between individual CA concentrations in CS
      and in Ao, and also between those in Ao and in FV at rest. Under raised
      sympathoadrenal conditions, however, individual values of NE in CS failed to
      correlate signficantly to those in Ao and in FV, respectively. The NE output from
      CS was limited to only 3% and 5% of those in Ao at rest and during IHG,
      respectively. An actual mean increment of NE on its passing through the coronary
      circulation was only 2% or less of NE output in ao at both stages. It appears,
      thus, to be untenable that the cardiac tissue is one of the major source of
      circulating CA at physiological condition. From these reasons, the direct
      measurement of NE levels in CS may be mandatory, when plasma CA assay is designed
      for the purpose of studying the role of the sympathetic nerve activity in the
      regulation of cardiac function.

PMID- 966375
TI  - Relationship between renin secretion and renal autoregulation in the dogs.
AB  - The present investigation examined the relationship between renin release and
      renal autoregulation of blood flow in the anesthetized dogs. A reduction in renal
      arterial pressure from control pressure to 100mmHg changed neither the flow rates
      of all cortex zones nor renin secretion. Further reductions of renal arterial
      pressure to 70mmHg and 50mmHg resulted in a significant increase of renin
      secretion and a decrease of blood flow in the outer cortex. Intrarenal arterial
      infusion of acethylcholine abolished an autoregulation of blood flow and pressure
      reduction to 100mmHg during acetylcholine infusion resulted in a marked increase
      of renin secretion without any further change in afferent arteriolar resistance.
      Intrarenal arterial infusion of norepinephrine at a control pressure increased a
      renin release. However, norepinephrine infusion at reduced pressure suppressed
      the renin release with recovery a vascular resistance to the control level. These
      results suggest that the changes in the degree of blood flow and pressure in the
      renal afferent arterioles are not essential for the renin release, but renin
      release by the pressure reduction might be related to the autoregulatory
      capapcity of afferent arterioles in the outer cortex.

PMID- 966376
TI  - Changes of plasma renin substrate concentration in rats under various
      experimental conditions.

PMID- 966377
TI  - [Teratological studies of fusaric acid-Ca in mice and rats II(author's transl)].

PMID- 966378
TI  - [Teratological studies of cefatrizine (S-640P) in mice and rats III (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 966379
TI  - An experience in clinical application of real-time two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - An experience with a real-time two-dimensional echocardiographic system was
      presented. In this report a sagittal plane section, i.e., the section which was
      parallel to the long axis of the left ventricle was used. The two-dimensional
      section of the normal heart, mitral stenosis, interventricular septal defect
      (preoperatively and postoperatively), mitral prosthetic valve, pericardial
      effusion, and acute myocardial infarction were studied. Easy applicability, quick
      recording, and non-invasive nature of the procedure, make the indications widened
      including acutely distressed patients. We conclude that real-time two-dimensional
      echocardiography is one of the most promising cardiac examinations.

PMID- 966380
TI  - Serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase in cardiovascular diseases.
AB  - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of
      norepinephrine from dopamine was assayed in the blood serum of 23 normal adults,
      16 patients with congestive heart failure, 19 patients with asymptomatic ischemic
      heart disease, 4 patients with angina pectoris at rest, 15 patients with
      essential hypertension, 8 patients with essential hypotension, 5 patients with
      neurocirculatory asthenia, and 9 normal adults before and after the exercise
      test. The serum DBH activity varied within a wide range in the control
      population. The DBH activity increased about 16% after the exercise stress. A
      tendency to increase DBH activity was shown in the patients with congestive heart
      failure. There was no significant difference between asymptomatic ischemic heart
      disease, essential hypertension and normal controls. A lower value was observed
      in the patients of angina pectoris at rest, while a higher DBH activity was
      demonstrated in the patients with essential hypotension. There was no significant
      difference between the neurocirculatory asthenia group and the normal control
      group.

PMID- 966381
TI  - Syphilis and its cardiovascular complications in the elderly.
AB  - The prevalence of syphilis and its cardiovascular complications were investigated
      in the living population more than 60 years of age. The prevalence of positive
      serologic test for syphilis (STS) were 16.9% (124/736) in males and 17.1%
      (236/1380) in females, which were not statistically different. Aortic
      regurgitation (AR) was significantly more frequent in those with positive STS
      (9.68% in males, 5.08% in females) compared with negative STS (0.98% in males,
      1.75% in females) in both sexes (p less than 0.01) and it was marked in males. AR
      with positive STS had a significantly lower minimal blood pressure than AR with
      negative STS (p less than 0.05). Calcifications in the ascending aorta were
      noticed in 5 out of 24 syphilitic AR. Myocardial infarctions were almost equally
      found among those with positive STS (1.67%) and negative STS (1.65%), and 2 out
      of 6 syphilitic cases were complicated by AR. The measurement of the aortic width
      was not valuable for the diagnosis of uncomplicated syphilitic aortitis.

PMID- 966382
TI  - Echocardiographic measurement of aortic root diameter.
AB  - One hundred and thirty patients with various heart diseases who underwent
      angiocardiography were studied to assess the clinical usefulness of
      echocardiographic aortic root diameter. The echocardiographic aortic root
      diameter was measured from the anterior surface of the anterior wall to the
      anterior surface of the posterior wall at end-diastole. A significant correlation
      was found between aortic root diameters measured by angiocardiograms and those by
      echocardiograms (r = 0.944, p less than 0.001). The aortic root diameter in
      normal subjects was 15 to 40 mm with a mean value of 29.0 mm. The corrected
      aortic root diameter by body surface area in normal subjects ranged from 10.1 to
      29.5 mm/M2 with a mean value of 19.18 mm/M2. There appeared to be direct
      relationship between corrected aortic root diameter and the age. Echocardiography
      is a simple, safe, and reliable noninvasive method for estimating aortic root
      diameter.

PMID- 966383
TI  - Severity of coronary sclerosis in the aged: a pathological study in 968
      consecutive autopsy cases.
AB  - Severity of the coronary sclerosis was estimated in a total of 968 aged cases of
      consecutive autopsy. Incidence of myocardial infarction was elevated in the high
      stenotic indices (sum of the coronary stenosis of the 3 vessels). There were 594
      cases (61.4%) of balanced stenosis, 238 cases (24.6%) of unbalanced stenosis, and
      136 cases (14.0%) of rare type (extreme difference of degree of stenosis between
      3 vessels). There were 155 cases (16.0%) of 3 vessel disease, 154 cases (15.9%)
      of 2 vessel disease, 215 cases (22.2%) of 1 vessel disease, and 444 cases (45.9%)
      of no significant coronary sclerosis. Incidence of myocardial infarction in these
      4 groups was 47.1%, 22.1%, 9.3%, and 2.3%, respectively. The left anterior
      descending artery was the leading artery in 1 and 2 vessel diseases, followed by
      the right coronary artery and then the left circumflex coronary artery.

PMID- 966384
TI  - Hypotensive action and increased plasma renin activity by Ca2+ antagonist
      (Nifedipine) in hypertensive patients.
AB  - The Ca2+ antagonistic coronary vasodilator, Nifedipine, was sublingually
      administered by a dose of 30 mg to 19 patients with hypertension. Blood pressure
      of patients with with essential hypertension (n=14) decreased from 177 +/- 24 to
      123 +/- 13 mmHg systolic and from 108 +/- 12 to 80 +/- 11 mmHg diastolic (mean +/
      SD) (p less than 0.01). Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased significantly from
      0.73 +/- 0.62 to 1.50 +/- 1.02 ng/ml/h (p less than 0.05). The same tendency was
      observed in malignant and renovascular hypertension. In primary aldosteronism (n
      = 2), blood pressure decreased but PRA did not increase. Hypotensive action and
      increased plasma renin activity by Ca2+ antagonist, Nifedipine, were clearly
      demonstrated in patients with hypertension.

PMID- 966385
TI  - Influence of alpha- and beta-sympathetic blockade on hypoxic sensitivity of the
      coronaries.
AB  - The effect of 2 types of adrenergic blockade on the capacity of the coronaries
      for hypoxic dilatation was studied in open chest dogs under chloralose
      anesthesia. Reactive hyperemia following the temporary occlusion of the left
      coronary artery and the vasodilatation elicited by general arterial hypoxia
      served to determine the range of coronary adaptation. beta-adrenergic blockade
      induced by propranolol (0.3 mg/Kg i.v. or 0.05 mg/Kg intracoronarially) failed to
      reduce the range of hypoxic dilatation. On the other hand, the alpha-blocking
      agent phentolamine (0.45 mg/Kg i.v. or 0.15 mg/Kg i.c.), in association with a
      decrease of the vascular tone, significantly limited the coronary adaptation to
      hypoxia.

PMID- 966386
TI  - Phasic coronary blood flow patterns as related to the balance between oxygen
      demand and supply in the myocardium.
AB  - To explore possible relationship between changing coronary arterial flow patterns
      and states of coronary circulation, the left circumflex arterial flow (mean and
      phasic) was measured simultaneously with the oxygen saturation of the great
      cardiac vein blood (SGCVO2) in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Coronary vasomotion
      was altered either with administration of drugs or with mechanical interventions.
      The "intermittent" flow pattern observed in the resting state persisted as far as
      SGCVO2 remained unchanged or lowered regardless of changes in coronary flow,
      aortic pressure or heart rate. On the other hand, when increase in circumflex
      flow occurred simultaneously with elevation of SGCVO2, a "continuous" flow
      pattern of the circumflwx flow was noticed. We suggest that (1) the
      "intermittent" flow pattern would indicate that efficient O2 uptake from the
      supplied arterial blood is taking place in the myocardium and (2) the
      "continuous" flow pattern would indicate presence of arterial flow excess to the
      myocardial requirement, rendering the increased coronary blood flow less
      effective for its amount in terms of O2 supply to the myocardium.

PMID- 966387
TI  - Renin and nervous system.
AB  - The renin release is controlled mainly by 3 mechanisms which are mutually not
      exclusive. The mechanisms can work together or 1 mechanism may play an important
      role than the other 2. The 3 mechanisms are the sympathetic nervous system,
      intrarenal baroreceptors, and the macula densa. In this paper, the renin release
      by electrical stimulation of brain stem, renin release by beta-adrenergic
      receptor, renin release by catecholamine infusion and angiotensin=sensitive site
      in brain are reported and discussed.

PMID- 966388
TI  - Positive feedback hypothesis on development of essential hypertension.
AB  - A hypothesis is presented on a possible mechanism of development of the essential
      hypertension. The present theoretical consideration with Laplace's law and
      Poiseuille's law indicates that arteriolar constriction increases, unless the
      blood flow is reduced, both arterial blood pressure and vascular circumferential
      wall tension which is considered a trigger of medial hypertrophy of the
      constricted arteriole. If the medial hypertrophy aggravates the vascular
      constriction, it all the more increases arterial pressure and wall tension.
      Therefore, the initial arteriolar constriction, however slight, may progressively
      produce hypertension and augment medial hypertrophy by such a positive feedback
      mechanism.

PMID- 966389
TI  - Changes in P-R interval immediately before, during, and after acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - A 48 years old male developed acute cardiac pain manifested by prolonged P-R
      interval as the only electrocardiographic sign. Subsequently the
      electrocardiogram evolved an acute myocardial infarction with a normal P-R
      interval. Immediately therafter prolonged P-R interval reappeared to become
      established even after digitalis was long discontinued.

PMID- 966390
TI  - Increased hepatic lysosomal enzyme levels in mice infected with Hymenolepis
      diminuta.

PMID- 966391
TI  - Nucleocapsid-like structures in the tissues of Behcet's disease patients.

PMID- 966392
TI  - Behaviors of a vigorous protease-producing strain of Staphylocollus aureus in the
      skin tissue of mice.
AB  - The behaviors of a protease-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus, including
      the production of alpha- and beta-hemolysin, protease, and nuclease in the skin
      tissue of mice, were examined by the fluorescent antibody technique and
      hematoxylin and eosin staining. When about 10(6) viable cells were subcutaneously
      inoculated into a mouse, they were phagocytized by leukocytes and a suppurative
      focus developed in situ. No active extracellular substances other than alpha
      hemolysin were demonstrated in this mouse. When 10(7) viable cells were
      inoculated, most of them were also phagocytized by leukocytes, and a rather large
      suppurative focus was formed. In this focus a low degree of multiplication of the
      organisms was observed. Protease and alpha-hemolysin could be detected in the
      neighborhood of the leukocytes. When 10(8) to 10(9) cells were inoculated, they
      multiplied transitorily in the subcutaneous tissue and produced the four
      substances mentioned above. The multiplication of bacterial cells as well as the
      production of extracellular substances ceased within a comparatively short period
      and the transitory state was similar to that in a batch fermenter. Necrotic and
      histolytic lesions were observed only in the mice inoculated with 10(8) to 10(9)
      viable cells. Similar dermatolytic lesions were also found in mice injected with
      0.5 to 1.0 mg of pure protease.

PMID- 966393
TI  - Studies on delayed hypersensitivity of antigens isolated from Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae cells.
AB  - Cells of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mac strain were fractionated into acetone-soluble
      and insoluble fractions. Acetone-insoluble fractions were digested with pronase
      and further purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-75, yielding three water
      soluble fractions which were free from lipid and consisted mainly of
      polysaccharide-protein complex. All these water-soluble fractions possessed
      eliciting antigenicity to delayed hypersensitivity for M. pneumoniae as measured
      by skin reactions and macrophage migration inhibition tests, but not to
      complement-fixing antibodies. In contrast, the acetone-soluble fraction was
      reactive with the complement-fixing antibodies but not for the delayed
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 966394
TI  - Penicillin resistance and its elimination by treatment with acriflavine in
      Lactobacillus fermenti.

PMID- 966395
TI  - Variation in thermostability of measles virus.

PMID- 966396
TI  - The ability of athymic nude mice to survive intracerebral infection of
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus.
AB  - Adult athymic nude mice were protected against the lethality of intracerebral
      infection with LCM virus. Although the multiplication of LCM virus in the brain
      was almost equal between nu/nu and nu/+ mice, the delayed hypersensitivity
      reaction was not evoked in nu/nu mice as evidenced by foot pad reaction.

PMID- 966397
TI  - Effects of oxygen supply on electrical and secretory responses of humorally
      stimulated acinar cells in isolated rat pancreas.
AB  - A technique is described for perfusing isolated rat pancreas with a modified
      Krebs-Henseleit solution. This preparation made feasible the simultaneous
      measurement of transmembrane potential, effective membrane resistance, rate of
      flow of pancreatic juice and amylase output. The hyperpolarizing effect of
      cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) was confirmed by perfusion with a solution
      containing 5 mU CCK-PZ/ml. The hyperpolarizing efffect of CCK-PZ was enhanced
      when the pancreas was perfused with an oxygenated solution containing dog
      erythrocytes. This effect was inhibited by ouabain and anaerobic conditions. It
      is suggested that the oxidative metabolism supplies energy for a mechanism which
      is responsible for the hyperpolarizing effect of CCK-PZ. The amylase output and
      the rate of flow of pancreatic juice were enhanced concurrently under conditions
      that augumented the hyperpolarizing effect, and they were inhibited under
      conditions that suppressed the effect. Cellular events in stimulus-secretion
      coupling in the pancreatic acinar cell are discussed by correlating the
      electrophysiological responses and the secretory responses under various
      conditions.

PMID- 966398
TI  - Role of superficially membrane-bound calcium on excitation-contraction coupling
      in frog skeletal muscle.
AB  - Single fibers isolated from frog semitendinosus muscle continued to twitch for 5
      8 min in calcium-free Ringer solution containing 1 mM ethylene glycol bis (beta
      aminoethyl ether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Even after twitching was
      completely abolished, the tension of potassium contracture was not depressed,
      although the time course was markedly shortened. The resting potential recorded
      from single fibers 10 min after immersion in EGTA-Ringer solution decreased
      slightly. These fibers failed to generate action potential, however, in a whole
      sartorius muscle the self-exchangeable calcium was not significantly reduced by
      1mM  EGTA, while it was reduced by about 27% during the potassium contracture
      induced in the EGTA solution. From these results, it is suggested that the
      calcium bound on the surface sites of the transverse tubular membrane and the
      sarcolemma can serve as a trigger for the release of calcium from the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum and can produce a resting potential and maintain
      relatively long duration excitability under the condition of extracellular
      calcium deficiency.

PMID- 966399
TI  - Contracture and hyperpolarization of the rabbit sinoatrial node cells in Na
      depleted solution.
AB  - A study was made on both hyperpolarization and contracture which developed in the
      rabbit sinoatrial node cell during perfusion with Na-depleted solution. The
      membrane was hyperpolarized in 19 out of 27 specimens (-69.5 +/- 6.0 mV), while
      in the remaining 8 specimens the value of the membrane potential remained low (
      39.4 +/- 2.7 mV). Slope conductance increased as the membrane was hyperpolarized
      in Na-depleted solution, but not when the value of the membrane potential
      remained at low. The amplitude of hyperpolarization increased with decrease in Na
      concentration, increase in Ca concentration and increase in perfusate
      temperature. A marked increase in diastolic tension was observed in 23 out of 29
      specimens but in the 6 remaining specimens the increase in tension was small.
      Tension increased with decrease in Na concentration, increase in Ca
      concentration, and increase in perfusate temperature. Pretreatment with ouabain
      caused a consistent increase in contracture tension, while its effect on the
      membrane hyperpolarization was variable among different specimens. These results
      may be explained by assuming that intracellular Ca concentration increased with
      Na-Ca exchange in Na-depleted solution. In addition to contracture, increase in
      intracellular Ca concentration might have caused an increase of membrane K
      conductance and produced marked hyperpolarization.

PMID- 966400
TI  - Contraction produced by intracellular injection of calcium, strontium, and barium
      in the single crayfish muscle fibers.
AB  - Ca ions were ionophoretically injected through an intracellular microelectrode
      into the single muscle fiber of a crayfish, and the resulting contraction sphere
      was observed under a microscope and photographed with a movie camera. The minimum
      contraction produced by the threshold current involved usually three or four,
      sometimes two, sarcomers on both sides of the injecting pipette but contraction
      involving only one sarcomere was not observered. The rheobase of the Ca-injecting
      current was 3.2 X 10(-9) A. The strength-duration curves were determined for Ca-,
      Sr-, and Ba-injecting currents; all fitted a similar hyperbolic equation. The
      threshold amount of Ca above rheobasic injection was 2.1 X 10(-15)mol, and the
      ratios between threshold amounts were Ca: Sr: Ba=1: 1.9: 3.0. The effects of Ca
      and Sr were additive for the contraction. More current was required for the Ca
      injection to produce the contraction in the K-depolarized-or 15mM-procaine
      treated muscle, although less current was sufficient for the muscle treated with
      0.5-1.0 mM of caffeine. The participation of the Ca-induced Ca release mechanism
      in the contraction produced by Ca injection and the role of Sr or Ba as a
      substitute for Ca were discussed.

PMID- 966401
TI  - Novel action of a piperazine derivative on the end-plate of the frog.
AB  - The effects of a piperazine derivative, trimetazidine (1-(2, 3, 4
      trimethoxybenzyl) piperazine dihydrochloride) on the frog end-plate membrane were
      studied. Action and resting membrane potentials and the input resistance of
      muscle fibers were not affected by trimetazidine (82-165 muM). Under these
      conditions, the frequency of the miniature endplate potentials was unchanged
      while its amplitude was slightly decreased. The amplitude of acetylcholine (ACh)
      potentials were markedly and reversibly decreased after application of
      trimetazine (82-165 muM). The dose response curve of the end-plate membrane to
      ACh showed a non-competitive type of blockade. Trimetazidine (165 muM) not only
      decreased the amplitude of the end-plate currents (EPC) recorded from the
      glycerinated muscles using a voltage clamp technique, but also drastically
      shortened its time course. Under these conditions, the falling phase of the EPC
      became completely voltage insensitive. The equilibrium potential for the EPC
      slightly shifted to a more negative value in the presence of trimetazine (165
      muM). Coefficient of variation of EPC was increased by Trimetazidine (165 mum),
      indicating a decrease in the quantal content of the EPC. The rate of
      desensitization of the end-plate to ACh was facilitated and the rate of decrease
      in EPC amplitude during tetanic stimulation became voltage sensitive by the
      action of trimetazidine (133 muM). It is concluded that trimetazidine mainly acts
      on the postsynaptic membrane with a weak presynaptic action. The agent seems to
      block a step subsequent to the interaction of ACh with its receptor, which
      presumably involves changes in the ion conductance of the membrane and is
      responsible for the voltage sensitivity of the response.

PMID- 966402
TI  - Effects of diets on cold tolerance and metabolic responses to cold in fasted
      rats.
AB  - Effects of high-fat and high-protein diets on cold tolerance in fasted rats were
      investigated. High-fat diets caused significant increases in body weight, blood
      free fatty acids (FFA), ketone bodies and glucose, while high-protein diet did
      not modify any of these parameters. Rats on high-fat diets that were exposed to
      cold after clipping exhibited an intermediate cold tolerance as assessed by the
      rate of fall in colonic temperature between control rats on a standard diet and
      cold-acclimated rats. The extent of increase of blood FFA and decrease of blood
      glucose due to cold exposure was less in the high-fat diet group than in control
      group, but greater than in cold-acclimated group. The lower fall in colonic
      temperature due to cold exposure was signifcantly associated with less increase
      in blood FFA and less decrease in blood glucose. In this relation the high-fat
      diet group was also intermediate between the control and cold-acclimated groups.
      The high-protein diet did not make any difference in cold tolerance and cold
      induced changes in blood metabolites as compared with those in control standard
      diet, although it resulted in a marked increase in urinary nitrogen excretion.
      These results indicate that a high-fat diet could exert a significant favorable
      effect on cold tolerance in fasted rats, but the effect would not be as much as
      as in cold acclimated rats.

PMID- 966403
TI  - The effects of D600 and verapamil on action potential in the X-organ neuron of
      the crayfish.
AB  - The effects of D600 and verapamil on the membrane activity of the X-organ neuron
      of the crayfish were investigated. In TTX solution, D600 and verapamil reversibly
      reduced the amplitude and the maximum rate of rise of the Ca-dependent action
      potential as well as delayed rectification. The decrease and the recovery in
      amplitude of the Ca spike were usually accompanied by parallel changes in delayed
      rectification. The threshold concentration for observable effects on the Ca spike
      was from 5 X 10(-6) g/ml to 1X 10(-5) g/ml for both drugs. At 1 X 10(-4) g/ml,
      the Ca spike was almost blocked. The dose-response relation  with regard to the
      maximum rate of rise of the Ca spike showed no noticeable difference in effect
      between D600 and verapamil. By increasing the extracellular Ca concentration, the
      Ca spike, which had been reduced by these drugs, was restored by the delayed
      rectification remained to be reduced. In Mn solution, both D600 and verapamil
      reduced the amplitude and the maximum rate of rise of the Na-dependent action
      potential as well as the delayed rectification. At 1 X 10(-4) g/ml, the maximum
      rate of rise of the Na spike was reduced by 30 to 50% with each drug. From the
      experiments in the Ca and the Mn solutions, it was inferred that the decrease in
      K activation by these drugs was not brought about secondarily by the decrease in
      Ca activation but both activation were inhibited independently. It was concluded
      that both D600 and verapamil are the inhibitors for Ca activation in the X-organ
      neuron of the crayfish, although they are not Ca specific.

PMID- 966404
TI  - Experimental studies in intestinal healing of the dog. I. Observations on side-to
      side small intestinal anastomosis.

PMID- 966405
TI  - Experimental studies in intestinal healing of the dog. II. Observation on end-to
      end small intestinal anastomosis.

PMID- 966406
TI  - Distribution of lymphatic tissues in duck caeca.

PMID- 966407
TI  - Epidemiological study of abnormal BCG scars among primary and high school pupils
      in Taiwan (China). Part 2. Physical characteristics of abnormal BCG scars.

PMID- 966408
TI  - [Studies on 'Marks' strains which show several unusual characteristics among
      Mycobacterium intracellulare. Some observations on the relationship between M.
      intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (author's transl)].

PMID- 966409
TI  - [In vitro sensitivity of the sulfonamides against atypical Mycobacteria (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 966410
TI  - [Evaluation of various hemodynamic parameters in acute myocardial infarct
      measured by means of radiocardiography].

PMID- 966411
TI  - [Haemiton in ambulatory treatment of essential hypertension].

PMID- 966412
TI  - [Thromboembolic complications in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 966413
TI  - [Effect of surgical treatment on hemodynamic disorders in patients with isolated
      ventricular septal defect].

PMID- 966414
TI  - [His bundle-branch block. Clinical and electrophysiological peculiarities].

PMID- 966415
TI  - [Analysis of the P wave prior to and following mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 966416
TI  - [Polygraphy in hypertension].

PMID- 966417
TI  - [Exercise tolerance and some lipid metabolism indices in patients with part
      myocardial infarct following spa rehabilitation].

PMID- 966418
TI  - [Anticoagulant treatment in patients with artificial heart valves].

PMID- 966419
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in the elderly].

PMID- 966420
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in acute myocardial ischemia].

PMID- 966421
TI  - [Level of serum lipids in diabetics as a function of coexistent atherosclerosis
      and obesity].

PMID- 966422
TI  - [Relationship between the phonocardiogram and the left atrial pressure prior to
      and following mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 966423
TI  - [Histochemical studies of the myocardium in white rats following administration
      of Provasan].

PMID- 966424
TI  - [Administration of glucagon in acute life-endangering situations].

PMID- 966425
TI  - [Acute coronary failure and tachycardia following atropine injection].

PMID- 966426
TI  - [Central pulmonary arteriovenous fistula].

PMID- 966427
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of various forms of primary aldosteronism].

PMID- 966428
TI  - [Mitral commissurotomy in a patient with ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 966429
TI  - [Disorders of intraventricular conductivity in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - An analysis of 439 cases of interventricular blocks in ischaemic heart disease is
      presented, 75.2% of the disorders developing in the branches of the left His'
      bundle. Intraventricular block was more common in cases of large focal myocardial
      changes. Bifascicular blocks preceeded full atrioventricular block more often
      than other forms of intraventricular conductivity dosorders. The greatest
      difficulties were encountered in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of focal
      changes in the posterior wall of the left ventricle when the left anterior branch
      of His' bundle was blocked.

PMID- 966430
TI  - [Discriminative analysis in detecting cardiac insufficiency in myocardial infarct
      on the basis of the values of stroke volume and blood lactic acid level].
AB  - In 203 patients with large focal and transmural myocardial infarctions the
      cardiac output was studied by means of the dye dilution method, as well as the
      content of the lactic (Barker and Summerson's technique) and pyruvic acids
      (Travina's technique). Along with the growth of cardiac insufficiency a fall was
      observed in the cardiac and stroke indices, and a growing content of the lactic
      and pyruvic acids and of the L/P factor. The stroke index and the blood lactate
      level proved to be the most informative values. With a stroke index below 24
      ml/m2 all patients with myocardial infarction displayed signs of cardiac
      insufficiency, while with a stroke index above 54.2 ml/m2 cardiac insufficiency
      was lacking. A stroke index falling between 24 and 54.2 ml/m2 was observed in
      both the patients with cardiac insufficiency, and in those without it. A lactic
      acid content above 31.8 mg% was always concomitant with cardiac insufficiency.
      With the lactic acid level ranging from 16 to 31.8 mg% the probability of cardiac
      insufficiency was doubtful.

PMID- 966431
TI  - [Certain problems of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 966432
TI  - [Strophanthin sensitivity of animals after coronary artery occlusion and
      pharmacological action on adrenergic innervation of the heart].
AB  - In 95 feline experiments it was established that coronary artery occlusion does
      not affect the Strophantin lethal dose, but it increases the sensitivity to the
      arrhythmogenic effect of the cardiac glycoside after 24-48 hours. Premedication
      of intact animals with such a beta-adrenergic blocking agent as Anapriline
      (Inderal) significantly increases the toolerance of Strophantin while the
      stimulation of the beta-adrenergic structures with Isadrine, on the contrary,
      decreases the arrhythmogenic and lethal dose of Strophantin. In coronary
      circulation disorders the pharmacological block of the adrenergic heart
      innervation did not produce any significant reduction of the sensitivity to the
      cardiac glycoside.

PMID- 966433
TI  - [Study of the relation between cardiac function and the tonus of resistant
      vessels in experimental disorder of coronary circulation].
AB  - In tests set up on dogs under morphine-chloralose anesthesia features specific
      for upset cardio- and hemodynamics following a primary and repeated (against the
      background of a preliminarily provoked myocardial infarction) acute disruption of
      the coronary circulation were investigated. The development of an acute ischemia
      of the myocardium in animals with preliminarily induced chronic disruption of the
      coronary circulation was shown to be attended by more intensive than in healthy
      dogs hemodynamic shifts and functional disorders of the heart, whereas the reflex
      component of the reaction, the vasodilating reactions of the peripheral vessels,
      in particular, proved much less marked. Possible mechanisms accounting for
      differences in the derangement of the cardio- and hemodynamics in primary and
      repeated ischemia of the myocardium are discussed.

PMID- 966434
TI  - [Myocardial changes in rats after considerable physical exertion and the effect
      of pyridoxilate on the severity of these changes].
AB  - Under significant physical exercises the myocardium of rats displays distinct
      enzymopathy, increased permeability of the cell membranes with a considerable
      dispersion of plasma proteins and damage to the ultrastructures of the myocytes.
      The employment of pyridoxilate reduces the severity of the damaging reaction, and
      to some extent normalizes the structure of the cellular and sub-cellular elements
      of the myocardium. This indicates to the prospects of using the regulators of
      cellular respiration under total and tissue hypoxia.

PMID- 966435
TI  - [Phospholipid composition of blood serum lipoproteins in healthy persons and in
      patients with arteriosclerotic cardiosclerosis].

PMID- 966436
TI  - [Excretion of testosterone in men with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 966437
TI  - [Rare form of congenital aorto-venous shunt].

PMID- 966438
TI  - [Lipid peroxides and arteriosclerosis].
AB  - The significance of free radical oxidation of phospholipids in tissues of animals
      with experimental atherosclerosis was investigated. By using modern physico
      chemical methods an elevated content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and other
      lipids peroxides was discovered in the blood and the aorta of rabbits with
      experimental atheromatosis. The human blood demonstrated a low level of
      protective enzymatic systems and a high content of products secondary to
      peroxidal oxidation of the lipids. The mechanism accounting for the action of
      lipids peroxides on the vascular wall resulting in the formation of atheromatous
      plaques is considered.

PMID- 966439
TI  - [Mechanism of lipoprotein and cholesterol transport into the vascular wall].
AB  - Penetration of radioactive lipoproteins of very low and low density, of free
      cholesterol and its esters into the aortal wall of rabbits was studied. Close
      values for ratios between lipids and protein, cholesterol and esterified
      cholesterol contained in the perfusate's lipoproteins and corresponding
      lipoprotein fractions separated from normal and atherosclerotic aortas following
      their perfusion were registered. These findings bear evidence to the fact of
      atherogenic lipoproteins penetrate the vascular wall in the form of intact
      particles. Quantitative regularities educed in this connection point to a greater
      permeability of atherosclerotic aortas to lipoproteins. An analysis of aortal
      lipids uncombined with lipoproteins showed the ratio between cholesterol and
      etherified cholesterol to be on the average 5.5 times as high as in the
      lipoproteins of the aorta and the perfusate. The prevalence of cholesterol in the
      lipids of the aortal tissue uncombined with lipoproteins points to the existence
      of other mechanisms governing the entrance of radioactive cholesterol into the
      vascular wall. Tests in vivo involving intravenous administration of C14
      cholesterol yielded the same regularities as "in vitro" experiments.

PMID- 966440
TI  - [Role of foam cells in lipoprotein transformation within the vascular wall].
AB  - Foam cells were isolated from atherosclerotic aortas of rabbits following their
      intima incubation with collagenase and elastase. The viability of the cells,
      their incidence and nativity were supported histochemically and electron
      microscopically. The interaction of the foam cells with lipoproteins was studied
      in vitro with perfusions of isolated atherosclerotic aortas of rabbits during 6
      hours with a medium containing beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins labelled with I125
      or simultaneously with I125 and C14-cholesterol. It was found that after the
      perfusion the foam cells contain a much higher proportion of radioactivity of the
      total lipids, cholesterol and cholesterol esters, to that of the proteins, than
      the perfusate. The foam cells must selectively "capture" the lipids from the
      lipoprotein particles. The proportion "free cholesterol/cholesterol esters"
      (according to the radioactivity) proved to be much higher in the foam cells than
      in the perfusate. The possible mechanisms of the participation of the foam cells
      in the metabolism of lipoproteins and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are
      discussed.

PMID- 966441
TI  - [Free hydroxyproline content of the blood serum in patients with coronary
      arteriosclerosis].
AB  - In 47 patients with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries the concentration of
      the blood serum free oxyproline was up by comparison with the normal figure and
      it depended not so much on the stage of the disease, but rather upon the
      character of hyperlipoproteinemia. A higher oxyproline concentration was revealed
      in the blood serum of patients presenting the IIb and IV types of
      hyperlipoproteinemia. The results of experimental investigations suggest that the
      activation of the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in patients with
      atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries results in a more intensive catabolism
      of the vascular wall collagen and in attending it rise of the blood serum free
      oxyproline concentration.

PMID- 966442
TI  - [Various changes in the composition of blood serum phospholipids and lipoproteins
      in arteriosclerosis].
AB  - The composition of phospholipids of plasma lipoproteins was studied in normal
      individuals and in patients with coronary atherosclerosis with type IIb and IV
      hyperlipoproteidemia using two-dimentional thin-layer chromatography. It was
      demonstrated that in normals the fractions of lipoproteins of a very low, low and
      high density have an even distribution of most of the phospholipid components,
      lecithin and sphyngomyelin being the prevailing phospholipids in all fractions of
      lipoproteins. In type IIb and IV hyperlipoproteidemia, lipoprotein fractions of
      very low density have a relatively elevated content of lecithin and those of high
      density have an elevated content of lecithin and lysolecithin and a decreased
      level of sphyngomyelin. The obtained data are discussed in terms of the possible
      effect of the chemical composition of phospholipids on the properties of
      lipoproteins in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 966443
TI  - [Current problems of present-day cardiology].

PMID- 966444
TI  - [Phenotyping of rare forms of hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 966445
TI  - [Lipid content of the blood serum in relatives of patients with ischemic heart
      disease].
AB  - The method of calculating the threshold levels of blood plasma cholesterol and
      triglycerids was analysed. The threshold levels were used for a genetic analysis
      of the relatives of the probands with coronary heart disease combined with
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Among 25 relatives of probands suffering coronary heart
      disease combined with hyperlipoproteinemia the latter was found in 15, while
      among 25 relatives of probands suffering coronary heart disease and having normal
      lipid levels hyperlipoproteinemia was found only in 2. The presented data
      characterise the peculiarities of the diagnosis of familial (primary)
      hyperlipoproteinemia and support the importance of the hereditary factor in the
      regulation of lipid metabolsm in the families of coronary atherosclerosis
      patients.

PMID- 966446
TI  - [Plasma renin activity in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis with different
      types of hyperlipoproteinemia].
AB  - The examination was conducted in 142 patients with coronary atherosclerosis, aged
      33 to 74 years, and in 40 normal persons, aged 25 to 48 years. The pain form of
      the disease was observed in 96 patients, the arrhythmic one--in 38, the painless
      one--in 8 patients. The arterial pressure was within the normal limits in the
      examined patients. In 67.6% of the patients hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed,
      in 47.3%--hypertriglyceridemia. Type II hyperlipoproteinemia was found in 67.6%
      of the cases, types III and IV--in 5.3 and 9.1%, respectively, type V--in 0.5% of
      the patients; the type of hyperlipoproteinemia could not be identified in 10.6%,
      and in 6.9% of the cases the blood level of lipoproteins did not differ from the
      normal. The plasma renin activity examined by the radioimmunoassay in normals
      comprised 1.26 +/- 0.21 ng/ml/hour; in patients with the pain form of coronary
      atherosclerosis--6.67 +/- 0.72 ng/ml/hour; in those with arrhythmias--6.89 +/-
      1.20 ng/ml/hour; in those with the painless form--2.39 +/- 1.02 ng/ml/hour. The
      highest renin activity was revealed in types IIa, IIb and III
      hyperlipoproteinemia, as well as in paroxysmal arrhythmia and cardiac
      fibrillation.

PMID- 966447
TI  - [Quantitative composition of blood plasma prostaglandins in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - From the blood plasma of 34 patients with ischemic heart disease and
      hyperlipoproteinemia and without it and in 10 practically healthy persons
      prostaglandins E, A and F2alpha were isolated and the proportion of each one of
      them was determined by the radioimmunological method. Changes in the quantitative
      composition of the blood plasma prostaglandins in patients with ischemic heart
      disease and hyperlipoproteinemia were disclosed, these changes suggesting the
      participation of the substances in question in the pathogenesis of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 966448
TI  - [Various aspects of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis in the light of data of
      geographic pathology].
AB  - An analysis of 9.550 autopsies of males, aged 10 to 69 years, demonstrated that
      the time and incidence of the appearance of lipid spots did not depend on the
      place of residence and ethnic characteristics of the person, while the appearance
      and further progressive development of fibrous plaques and other more severe
      kinds of atherosclerotic changes varied greatly from one geographic zone and
      ethnic group to other. The results of the study of different stages of
      atherosclerosis and the analysis of literature data support our earlier concept
      that indicates that fibrous plaques do not necessarily develop from lipid spots,
      and the latter do not necessarily transform into fibrous plaques.

PMID- 966449
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of veloergometry in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The results of a veloergometric investigation of 160 persons, most of whom were
      patients with ischemic heart disease, are analyzed. The method of graded physical
      loads is a necessary complement and continuation of clinical and instrumental
      examination of patients afflicted with ischemic heart disease. A key
      electrocardiographic indication of coronary insufficiency identifiable following
      physical loading is a shift of the ST segment. This sign helps disclose the
      presence of latent coronary insufficiency in most patients with typical angina
      pectoris and in 25 per cent of patients with an atypical form of this ailment. In
      some of the patients with ischemic heart disease the results of the test can be
      utilized in recognizing early stages of cardiac incompetence. A feature
      distinguishing the response to a physical load in patients with ischemic heart
      disease is a greater accretion of systolic pressure than in the case of healthy
      individuals.

PMID- 966450
TI  - [ECG changes during an attack of stenocardia caused by physical exertion].
AB  - In 85 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease ECG changes appearing at the
      time of an attack of angina pectoris provoked by a physical effort were studied.
      An analysis of these changes helps substantiate an objective choice of criteria
      for stopping a physical load test in this category of patients. As shown by
      pertinent investigations there is good reason for broadening the criteria for
      cancelling the load test in persons with a manifest coronary incompetence. A
      complete scientific justification of criteria for cancelling tests involving
      physical efforts is possible through contrasting the described changes against
      coronarographic, clinical and catamnestic findings.

PMID- 966451
TI  - Water extraction from the inner medullary collecting tubule system: a role for
      urea.
AB  - Recent examinations of the inner medullary collecting tubule membrane in vitro
      have demonstrated that its reflection coefficient to urea (sigma urea) is
      significantly less than unity and less than sigma NaClhe presence of antidiuretic
      hormone. Fluid entering the inner medullary collecting tubule has a higher urea
      concentration and lower NaCl concentration than does the medullary interstitium,
      although total osmolarity is nearly equal on either side of the membrane. The
      transtubular difference in solute composition, together with the difference
      between sigma urea and sigma NaCl, should result in a driving force for
      extraction of water from the tubule. This hypothesis was examined in a
      differential analysis of water and solute fluxes across the collecting tubule
      epitheliu. The results indicate that this driving force contributes significantly
      to water extraction from the inner medullary collecting tubule.

PMID- 966452
TI  - Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in human kidney.
AB  - Currently, studies on renal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors have
      been confined to experimental animals. In experiments made upon human kidneys
      removed at operation, tritiated aldosterone has been shown to bind specifically
      to a single class of cytoplasmic sites which show steroid specificity requisite
      for physiological mineralocorticoid receptors. Tritiated dexamethasone,
      similarly, binds specifically to a single class of cytoplasmic sites with
      affinity characteristics appropriate for glucocorticoid receptors. The similarity
      between the human renal receptor profile for adrenocorticoids and that found in
      experimental animals may validate cautions extrapolation from animal models of
      adrenocorticoid effector mechanisms to man.

PMID- 966453
TI  - The role of volume contraction in the hypocalciuric action of chlorothiazide.
AB  - Thiazide-induced hypocalciuria usually requires two to four days of drug
      treatment for its full expression. The present experiments were designed to test
      the possibility that an immediate hypocalciuria could be produced in subjects
      whose extracellular volumes were already contracted. In previously untreated
      subjects, chlorothiazide (2 g/day) did not produce hypocalciuria on the first day
      of treatment. Hypocalciuria occurred on the second day and was somewhat enhanced
      on the third and fourth days of treatment. In subjects pretreated with furosemide
      (40 mg two or three times a day for two days), chlorothiazide produced
      hypocalciuria on the first day of its use. Under the influence of chlorothiazide,
      there was a strong linear correlation between the changes in the excretion of
      calcium and sodium. The results are consistent with the idea that chlorothiazide
      enhances the ratio of calcium to sodium reabsorptions and that this tendency for
      absolute hypocalciuria can be overridden by a large natriuretic response to the
      drug. Volume contraction, which minimizes the natriretic response to diuretics,
      allows a more immediate and pronounced hypocalciuric response to thiazides.

PMID- 966454
TI  - [The value of EEG in drug and chemical poisoning in childhood].

PMID- 966455
TI  - [Mass screening for urinary tract infections in children].

PMID- 966456
TI  - [Children with a single kidney--a high risk group].

PMID- 966458
TI  - [Documentation in genetic counseling].

PMID- 966457
TI  - [Soor prevention in premature infants. I. Effectiveness of nystatin in healthy
      newborn infants].

PMID- 966459
TI  - [Development of children with late treatment of phenylketonuria following diet
      therapy].

PMID- 966460
TI  - [EEG findings during diet therapy of phenylketonuria].

PMID- 966461
TI  - [Normal distribution of birth weight and body height in 42091 newborn infants in
      Leipzig].

PMID- 966462
TI  - [Intensive substitution therapy of hemophilics].

PMID- 966463
TI  - [Prognosis of untreated aortic stenosis in childhood ("natural history")].

PMID- 966464
TI  - [Selective vitamin B12 malabsorption in infancy (Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome)].

PMID- 966465
TI  - [Surgical tactics in acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and old persons].

PMID- 966466
TI  - [Role of bile microflora in the etiology and pathogenesis of cholecystitis].

PMID- 966467
TI  - [Kidney function in diseases of the liver and biliary tract].

PMID- 966468
TI  - [Toxemia in frostbite].

PMID- 966469
TI  - [Role of exercise therapy and its methods at different periods of burn diseases].

PMID- 966470
TI  - [Possibilities of using the indicators of aminotransferase activity in the whole
      blood and diluted blood serum for differentiation of jaundice of different
      etiology].

PMID- 966471
TI  - [Absorptive-excretory function of the liver in evaluation of work capacity of
      patients after cholecystectomy].

PMID- 966472
TI  - [Comparative data on the incidence of gastric cancer after gastrectomy in ulcer
      of different location].

PMID- 966473
TI  - [Surgical treatment of complicated forms of gastric and duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 966474
TI  - [Effectiveness of external decompression of the biliary tract in middle-aged and
      old persons with cholecystitis].

PMID- 966475
TI  - [Differentiated intensive care and resuscitation in uncontrollable attacks of
      bronchial asthma and asthmatoid states].

PMID- 966476
TI  - [Hemodynamics in subacute hypoplastic anemia in the process of surgical
      treatment].

PMID- 966477
TI  - [Effect of 4-methyluracil on certain indicators of adrenal cortex function].

PMID- 966478
TI  - [Functional changes in the blood coagulation system in patients with obliterating
      arteriosis of the peripheral blood vessels of the limbs].

PMID- 966479
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of conservative, injection and surgical methods of
      treatment of hemorrhoids].

PMID- 966480
TI  - [Postoperative cholangiolithiasis].

PMID- 966481
TI  - [Functions and criteria of work of the burn departments and centers].

PMID- 966482
TI  - [Method of free autotransplantation of a segment of the small intestine
      (experimental study)].

PMID- 966483
TI  - [Closed abdominal injury].

PMID- 966484
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of strangulated hernias of the obturator canal].

PMID- 966485
TI  - [Training device for blood group determination].

PMID- 966486
TI  - [Proportioned external drainage of the biliary tract].

PMID- 966487
TI  - [Individual selection of approach in cholecystectomy].

PMID- 966488
TI  - [Cardiodilatation in cardiospasm by using a hydrocardiodilator and vibration].

PMID- 966489
TI  - [Surgical treatment of congenital dilatation of the jugular vein in children].

PMID- 966490
TI  - [Water-electrolyte metabolism cancer of the cardiac portion of the stomach at
      various stages of surgical treatment].

PMID- 966491
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in stomach cancer
      patients before the operation and at avarious times after gastrectomy with and
      without inclusion of the duodenum in the digestive process].

PMID- 966492
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes following prolonged circulatory arrest as a consequence of
      cardiac fibrillation (an experimental study)].

PMID- 966493
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of destructive pancreatitis].

PMID- 966494
TI  - [Experience in treating obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower
      extremities at advanced stages].

PMID- 966495
TI  - [Diagnosis of lesions of the internal organs in multiple fractures of the pelvic
      bones].

PMID- 966496
TI  - [Peptic ulcer of the esophagus].

PMID- 966497
TI  - [Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of acute adhesive intestinal
      obstruction].

PMID- 966498
TI  - [Invagination method of removing the vermiform appendix in children].

PMID- 966499
TI  - [Electrosurgical treatment of skin cancer of the nose and orbital region with one
      stage dermatoplasty].

PMID- 966500
TI  - [Prolonged peridural anesthesia in children].

PMID- 966501
TI  - [Intrabronchial teratoma].

PMID- 966502
TI  - [Leiomyomas of the stomach].

PMID- 966503
TI  - [Ruptures of the sigmoid colon from compressed air].

PMID- 966504
TI  - [Synovial ganglia of the extremities].

PMID- 966505
TI  - [Device for measuring the inner lumen of a blood vessel].

PMID- 966506
TI  - [Sheath for sterile catheters and for performing catheterization of the bladder].

PMID- 966507
TI  - [Cassette for the intraoperative roentgenography of the kidney].

PMID- 966508
TI  - [Importance of the variants of cystic duct in the gallbladder surgery].

PMID- 966509
TI  - [Spontaneous external biliary fistulas].

PMID- 966510
TI  - [Characteristics of surgical treatment of cholecystitis and its complications in
      rare structural forms of the biliary tract].

PMID- 966511
TI  - [Compression-distraction osteosynthesis in the treatment of ununited fractures
      and pseudarthroses of the long tubular bones].

PMID- 966512
TI  - [Alloplasty of lateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb].

PMID- 966513
TI  - [Place of extrafocal osteosynthesis with compression-distraction apparatus in the
      treatment of fractures].

PMID- 966514
TI  - [Immunologic activity of the body in suppurative-inflammatory processes in the
      maxillofacial area].

PMID- 966515
TI  - [Relaparotomy in the postoperative period].

PMID- 966516
TI  - [Fibrolysis of major veins in complex treatment of chronic venous insufficiency
      in the lower limbs].

PMID- 966517
TI  - [Jet injector for operations on the liver].

PMID- 966518
TI  - [Indicators of hemostasis in acute venous thrombosis].

PMID- 966519
TI  - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of lesions of visceral branches of the abdominal
      aorta].

PMID- 966520
TI  - [Mitral valve replacement with low-profile prosthesis].

PMID- 966521
TI  - [Importance of phlebography in complex examination of patients with postoperative
      recurrences of varicose veins of the lower limbs].

PMID- 966522
TI  - [Possibilities of increasing the detectability of breast cancer].

PMID- 966523
TI  - [Diagnosis of breast cancer with the use of fixed parameters of a thermogram].

PMID- 966524
TI  - [Puerperal septic mastitis].

PMID- 966525
TI  - [Anesthesia with independent lung ventilation in intrathoracic surgery].

PMID- 966526
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics after pneumonectomy].

PMID- 966527
TI  - [Artificial pulmonary ventilation with automatic regulation].

PMID- 966528
TI  - [Characteristics of cancer of the proximal portion of the stomach with esophageal
      involvement].

PMID- 966529
TI  - [Pyloric ulcers].

PMID- 966530
TI  - [Remote results of stomach resection after suturing of perforated gastroduodenal
      ulcers].

PMID- 966531
TI  - [Anterior decompression of contents of the spinal canal].

PMID- 966532
TI  - [Microsurgical reconstructive operations in arterial occlusions in the leg].

PMID- 966533
TI  - [Clinico-roentgenological evaluation of anatomical and functional results of
      anterior resection of the rectum in cancer].

PMID- 966534
TI  - [Bile duct calculi].

PMID- 966535
TI  - [Treatment of wounds of the anal canal and perineum after proctological surgery].

PMID- 966536
TI  - [Reconstruction of the external rectal sphincter and reinforcement of the
      perineum with major gluteal muscle flaps].

PMID- 966537
TI  - [Causes of formation of intestinal fistulas after emergency abdominal surgery].

PMID- 966538
TI  - [Clinical variants of the course of duodenal stump insufficiency after
      gastrectomy in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 966539
TI  - [Use of an antiseptic "asepsol" in preparation of the operative field].

PMID- 966540
TI  - [Jejunoplasty in reconstructive surgery on the biliary tract].

PMID- 966541
TI  - [Role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis
      (literature survey)].

PMID- 966542
TI  - [Surgical classification in operations on the common bile duct and hepatic duct].

PMID- 966543
TI  - [Surgical tactics in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 966544
TI  - [Acute and chronic pancreatitis complicated by diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 966545
TI  - [Ruptures of pancreatic pseudocysts].

PMID- 966546
TI  - [Esophageal perforation during bougienage].

PMID- 966547
TI  - [Intestinal digestion after esophagoplasty using the large intestine].

PMID- 966548
TI  - [Ion-manometric study of the esophago-gastric passage].

PMID- 966549
TI  - [Problems of endoscopy in surgical clinic (current and future status of
      development)].

PMID- 966550
TI  - [Surgical treatment of atrial septal defects in adults].

PMID- 966551
TI  - [Treatment of injuries and fistulas of the esophagus].

PMID- 966552
TI  - [5000 operations of mitral stenosis].

PMID- 966553
TI  - [Septic shock in surgical patients. III. Intensive care].

PMID- 966554
TI  - [Surgical tactics in acute intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 966555
TI  - [Gastro-colonic fistulas].

PMID- 966556
TI  - [Correction of volemic disorders in peptic ulcer hemorrhage in middle-aged and
      elderly patients].

PMID- 966557
TI  - [Preoperative endoscopic marking of the border line of the antral part of the
      stomach].

PMID- 966558
TI  - [Reinfusion of purified lymph].

PMID- 966559
TI  - [Bull's-eye disease (author's transl)].
AB  - Bull's-eye disease is observed in all degenerative maculopathies whether
      hereditary or acquired, whether primary or secondary, which have as cause an
      elective or obvious pigment-cell condition. In evolutionary maculardegeneration
      is bull's-eye disease a temporary occurrence, which precedes the diffuse
      depigmentation of the macular pigmentepithelium.

PMID- 966560
TI  - [Clinically unsuspected malignant melanomas of the posterior uvea (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Out of 1300 eyes enucleated between 1966-1974, 300 subsequently revealed
      histologically-proved malignant melanomas of the uvea. In 264 cases the clinical
      diagnosis was correctly made. In 36 cases the i.o. malignant melanomas were
      clinically unsuspected. The incorrect clinical diagnoses included: secondary
      glaucoma (30), retinal detachment (2), iritis (2), and end/panophthalmitis (2).
      The clinical symptomatology and morphology of the secondary glaucoma caused by
      the i.o. melanomas did not differ from that due to other, non-neoplastic
      etiologies. In almost all of the 36 cases the eyes revealed unilateral severe
      opacity of the media. It is important that one consider an intraocular melanoma
      in cases of secondary glaucoma, retinal detachment, or intraocular inflammation
      in which the etiology is uncertain. This is also true in cases of blind, painful
      eyes in which there is no obvious etiology. Early diagnosis is of vital interest
      to the patient because this group, in which the malignant melanoma was
      unsuspected, may be, as suspected in this study, is characterised by extreme
      aggressivness and invasive capacity. One third of these eyes revealed extension
      of tumor through the sclera and optic nerve. Also these tumors often revealed
      more malignant cell types.

PMID- 966561
TI  - [Tonography after trabeculotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - In 25 eyes suffering from primary open angle glaucoma the facility of outflow was
      measured before and 1 to 3 months after surgery in consideration of the rigidity.
      Trabeculotomy improved the facility on an average of 0.14+/-0.02 to 0.28+/-0.03
      units. This means that the outflow resistance is decreased from 10.58+/-1.34 to
      4.31+/-0.45 units. The statistically highly significant improvement of the
      outflow conditions must be a consequence of the surgical opening in the
      trabecular meshwork as the sclera had been closed watertightly at the end of the
      trabeculotomy. The coefficient of rigidity (graphically determined by applanation
      tonometry and Schiotz tonometry in recumbent position) was decreased from
      0.0208+/-0.0010 to 0.0172+/-0.0008. This means that measuring the intraocular
      pressure postoperatively with a Schiotz tonometer results in data which are
      3.08+/-0.65 mm Hg lower than the actual pressure level.

PMID- 966562
TI  - [Hydrophthalmia and configuration of the optic disc (author's transl)].
AB  - Three sisters, one brother, and the father of a female patient with primary
      hydrophthalmus on both eyes had abnormally great physiologic cups. The cup/disc
      ratio was between 0.5 and 0.72. Two other brothers showed a cup/disc ratio
      between 0.37 and 0.42, whereas the mother had a cup/disc ratio of 0.2 on both
      sides. The enlarged physiologic cups of the sisters, the brother, and the father
      of the propositus correspond to the 4th category of the classification according
      to Elschnig. Like the hydrophthalmus as a result of a functional disturbance of
      the eye cup, the occurrence of abnormally big physiologic cups is also referred
      to the organizing and forming effects of the eye cup. Whether there exists an
      intrafamiliar relationship between the hydrophthalmus and the abnormally big
      physiologic cups or not is to be elucidated by further investigations.

PMID- 966563
TI  - [The influence of a metabolic stimulator on the vitality of preserved human
      corneas (author's transl)].
AB  - 20 human donor corneas were placed in a tissue culture medium (TC 199 + 5%
      Dextran = MK-Medium) at +4 degrees C for 5 and 7 days. After that the temperature
      reversal effect was measured and the corneal endothelial cells were stained. The
      living cells were counted every 24 hours until no more cells could be seen.
      Another group of 20 human donor eyes were placed in to the same medium with a
      additional content of 5% Actihaemyl resp. Solcoseryl. Same procedure as above. It
      could be shown that under the influence of the metabolic activator 22.0% and
      23.3% more living endothelial cells could be counted and that the total survival
      time could be prolonged by 1 1/2 days.

PMID- 966564
TI  - [Distraneurin (Chlormethiazol) as an anaesthetic for high-risk cases in
      ophthalmology (author's transl)].
AB  - A new anaesthesia, through Chlormethiazol i.v. is described, which is especially
      used in cataract (lens) operations. There is no excitation during induction and
      the depth of anaesthesia (stage) depends on dosage-time ratio. Recovery is calm
      without undesirable side-effects. The intraocular pressure is significantly
      diminished during anaesthesia.

PMID- 966565
TI  - [Cataract during intermittent hemodialysis. The influence of hypocalcemia on the
      development of opacities (author's transl)].
AB  - Twenty uremic patients on intermittent hemodialysis were followed up for lens
      changes over 4-53 months. Only one patient of 22 years with megaureters and
      megacystis developed bilateral anterior and posterior subcapsular cataracts
      during dialysis treatment. The morphology of these cataracts was similar to that
      of fresh hypocalcemic opacities. The patient had actually been hypocalcemic
      before the onset of the opacification. Possible reasons for the development of
      hypocalcemic cataracts during intermittent dialysis might be: 1. a reduced
      calcium-phosphate ratio due to phosphate accumulation, 2. a decrease of ionized
      calcium due to removed metabolic acidosis, and 3. a permissive effect of longer
      latencies.

PMID- 966566
TI  - [The influence on the speed of epithelialisation of rabbit's eyes of IDU- and
      tromantadine-containing eye ointments (author's transl)].
AB  - The viro-static drugs IDU and tromantadin were tested in view of their influence
      on epithelial regeneration. IDU slows down the speed of epithelisation only
      slightly, and produces no irreversible damage in the corneal stroma, Descemet's
      membrane and endothelium of the rabbit eye. Tromantadin, however, slows down the
      speed of epithelisation quite a lot, even if the dosis is relatively small. We
      also found substantial changes in corneal stroma and Descemet's membrane, which
      have been partly recognized histologically as fibrous tissue. Application of
      these medicaments is recommended only if the relation between side effects and
      viro-static potency has been carefully rated.

PMID- 966567
TI  - [Physical symptoms in the orbit during ophthalmodynamography (author's transl)].
AB  - Analysing physical process occurring in the orbit during ophthalmodynamography
      the author comes to the conclusion that the "systolic pressure" as recorded
      ophthalmodynamographically is not a real pressure present in the ophthalmic
      artery, but a sum of this pressure and of that which is necessary to overcome the
      resistence of the orbital tissues. A considerable influence of the blood flow in
      the system of the external carotid artery is explained by superficial
      localisation of arterial branches belonging to the system and consequently by
      direct transmission of volume and pressure changes in the blood flow to the
      registering device, practically without damping effect of the orbital tissues.

PMID- 966568
TI  - [The two-way syringe. A comparison to modified aspiration methods in cataract
      surgery, and more recent indications for its use (author's transl)].
AB  - After description of construction, indication, and application of the two-way
      syringe in cataract surgery, this instrument is compared to some of its numerous
      modfications. The original device has the advantage of simplicity, and enables
      the surgeon to perform simultaneous irrigation and aspiration under zero pressure
      conditions without an assistant. More recent indications for the use of the two
      way syringe are vitreous prolapse, and retinal detachment. These operations are
      described in detail.

PMID- 966569
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus--not an aetiological factor of uveitis? (author's transl)].
AB  - Out of 103 patients with uveitis, 14.5% of the cases showed pre-clinical diabetes
      mellitus. This number exceeds by far the average frequency of approx. 6% of pre
      clinical diabetes. On account of these findings, the diabetes mellitus is assumed
      to be a co-factor of the development of uveitis. In order to clarify the cause of
      uveitis, the glucose tolerancetest should be given preference in the diagnosis.

PMID- 966570
TI  - [The clinical picture, fluorescence angiography and histologie of a ringmelanoma
      of the iris (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on a rare case of an iris-ringmelanoma. Arising from the iris base the
      primary tumor spread in a continuous line along the anterior chamber angle and a
      shedding of tumor cells in other places of the iris surface could be stated as
      well. A unilateral dark spotted colouring of the iris with a secondary glaucoma
      was clinically observed. Gonioscopy, diaphanoscopy, 32P-test, and iris
      fluorescence-angiography aided the diagnosis. Fluorescence angiography appears to
      be of particular value in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the iris: The
      peculiar filling pattern seen at the pupillary border of the tumor has up to now
      only been found in malignant processes of the anterior uvea. The clinical
      tentative diagnosis of malignant ringmelanoma of the iris, could
      histopathologically be verified.

PMID- 966571
TI  - [A case of healed orbital phlegmona of sinus origin (author's transl)].
AB  - In the etiology of the orbital phlegmona the initial focus originates most
      frequently in the sinuses. In our case we had the opportunity to observe an
      orbital phlegmona caused by a purulent inflammation of the sinuses by
      streptococcus pyogenes (hemolyticus). The course of the process was explosive,
      with toxic symptoms. After a successful operation and conservative treatment,
      recovery was achieved.

PMID- 966572
TI  - [Fibrosarcoma of the orbit (author's transl)].
AB  - During a period of 8 months a capsulated orbital tumour--not adherent the orbital
      walls or the bulbus--developed in a 21-year-old female patient. The tumour was
      exstirpated in toto. The histological findings show a fibrosarcoma with poorly
      differentiated cells, giant cells and numerous mitoses. The comparatively small
      incidence of the tumour as well as the prognosis quoad vitam are discussed.

PMID- 966573
TI  - [Ocular myasthenia caused by D-penicillamine (author's transl)].
AB  - This report concerns a 55-year-old woman who developed ocular myasthenia after 12
      months treatment with D-Penicillamine for her rheumatoid arthritis. In the last 2
      years the literature contains reports of 22 similar cases.

PMID- 966574
TI  - [Stimulus deprivation amblyopia (author's transl)].
AB  - 36 patients who had unilateral occlusion early in life were examined. Only 1
      deprivation amblyopia due to unilateral occlusion during 9 weeks was found.
      Deprivation amblyopias did not occur after unilateral occlusion for periods up to
      10 days.

PMID- 966575
TI  - [The correction of labile metamorphopsias with cylindrical lenses (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The author describes a procedure for correction of labile i.e. reversible
      metamorphopsias by means of cylindrical lenses. The possibility of a curative
      effect by long-time application of an adequate correction is discussed.

PMID- 966576
TI  - [Observations on long term medication with atropine eye-drops (author's transl)].
AB  - It is reported on two children which had moderate general symptoms after long
      term application of atropine eye-drops. This was observed the day after
      discontinuing this medication. The symptoms of nausea, vomiting and perspiration
      were similar in both children and disappeared after one day. The reason for the
      symptoms is discussed and it is warned against an excessive application of
      atropine eye-drops.

PMID- 966577
TI  - [Spontaneous healing of central-vein-thrombosis in early gravidity (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The author reports on spontaneous healing of central-vein-thrombosis of both eyes
      in gravidity (Mens III). The 24-years-old patient is still healthy.

PMID- 966578
TI  - [Sclerodermie en coup de sabre with spontaneous filtering bleb (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In a 43-year-old female patient with sclerodermie en coup de sabre on the right
      forehead, the following changes of the right eye were observed: Partial lack of
      hairs of the eyebrow; distortion of the upper eyelid, similar to a coloboma;
      paralysis of the inferior oblique and the superior rectus muscles; decrease of
      corneal sensibility; formation of a spontaneous filtering bleb in the upper
      limbal region; ocular hypotension with changes of the papilla.

PMID- 966579
TI  - [Remarks concerning the neuroparalytic keratitis (author's transl)].
AB  - A brief reminder is given of the antagonism between cellular pathology (Virchow)
      and the pathology of relation (Ricker), as well as a reference to the American
      paper on the "Systems of material transport in nerve fibers" by Sidney Ochs.

PMID- 966580
TI  - [A training device for intraocular surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - Description of a new holder for experimental intraocular surgery on human autopsy
      eyes. Stability of shape and position of the experimental eyes is achieved by a
      vacuum surrounding the posterior segment.

PMID- 966581
TI  - [Excision of the ciliary-body in cases of secondary closed-angle glaucoma
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Six cases are reported, in which an excision of the ciliary-body has been
      performed: 5 cases with secondary closed-angle glaucoma, and one case with
      secondary open-angle glaucoma. All eyes were aphakic, and in all cases other
      surgical interventions preceded. The ciliary-body excision is the easiest exactly
      doseable procedure, compared with other procedures regarding the ciliary-body.
      Usually excision of the ciliary-body represents the last choice to offer, however
      in selected cases it might be the method of choice. In this aspect our results
      are encouraging. The technical details of this procedure are described.

PMID- 966582
TI  - [Phacolytic and hemolytic glaucoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical and histological data of four patients with acute secondary open-angle
      glaucoma are described. These included two hemolytic and one phacolytic glaucoma.
      Another patient showed a transition of hemolytic to a hemosiderotic glaucoma. The
      hemolytic glaucoma follows a hemorrhage of the vitreous, it is characterised by
      an open-angle with red-brown pigment deposits on the trabecular meshwork.
      Macrophages can be isolated from the aqueous humor by zentrifugation. The same
      macrophages and fragments of lysed red blood cells are histologically visible in
      the vitreous as well as in the anterior chamber and the trabecular meshwork. The
      cause of the large vitreous hemorrhage is often a retinal detachment. The
      hemolytic glaucoma must be clearly distinguished from hemosiderotic and
      neovascular glaucoma. A transition from hemolytic to hemosiderotic glaucoma is
      possible. The simultaneous description of hemolytic and phacolytic glaucoma
      follows by reason of the same pathogenetic mechanism. The treatment of hemolytic
      glaucoma follows the standard medical therapy of glaucoma. If this therapy will
      be unsuccessful, a paracentesis with irrigation of the anterior chamber may be
      required. The only therapy of phacolytic glaucoma is immediate intracapsular
      cataract extraction.

PMID- 966583
TI  - [Echography of the vitreous body in case of aphakia and malignant aphakic
      glaucoma (author's transl)].
AB  - The senile destructions of the vitreous body which can be seen with the slit-lamp
      (formation of visible fibres, vacuoles and posterior vitreous detachment) cause,
      if sufficiently advanced, small echoblips visible at echographic examination. We
      reexamined aphakic patients who had no complications during cataract cryo
      extraction. In aphakic eyes without postoperative vitreous prolapse into the
      anterior chamber the echograms usually consisted of uninterrupted series of small
      amplitude echoes in the vitreous area. In aphakic eyes with postoperative
      vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber echo-free parts were found in the
      vitreous area and also parts showing closer placing of vitreous echoes. The echo
      free parts may represent fluid-filled vacuoles. In malignant aphakic glaucomas,
      which could not be controlled otherwise, we succeeded inaspirating aqueous humour
      from these echo-free parts by punction. Echography facilitated, in this way, the
      punction of the trapped aqueous. Echography of the senile vitreous destructions
      approaches the limits of present ultrasonographic facilities; artefacts may
      occur, and technical improvements are desirable and possible.

PMID- 966584
TI  - [Computer tomography in ophthalmology (author's transl)].
AB  - The computer-aided tomography system (EMI-Scan) represents a new X-ray method in
      neuroradiology. Some cases of various space occupying retrobulbar orbit processes
      are presented, and it is demonstrated that this method is also well suited to the
      diagnosis of orbit diseases. Physicotechnical basis, technique of examination,
      the indication for computer tomography and the diagnostic possibilities are
      described.

PMID- 966585
TI  - [Computer tomography of the eye and the orbit (author's transl)].
AB  - Princips of computer tomography is demonstrated and the absorption coefficients
      of ocular and orbital tissue are calculated. The advantages and disadvantages of
      this procedure are discussed. 39 patients with ocular and orbital diseases were
      examined by computer tomography. The main indication was tumors, including
      metastases and diseases arising from ethmoidal cells. Vascular anomalies and
      tumors were better demonstrated by angiography. Dislocated lens, enlarged tumors
      of the choroid and prostheses (cerclage and orbital implants) are demonstrable.
      In contrast to echography, the computer tomography gives certainly better results
      in the posterior part of the orbit. Technical improvement of the apparatus could
      lead to a wider use in ophthalmology.

PMID- 966586
TI  - [On iris reposition in case of extraction of lens (author's transl)].
AB  - A description is given of a pair of iris retractors which avoid certain
      shortcomings of other instruments or of other methods of retracting the iris in
      connection with cryo-extraction, particularly in case where the pupil cannot be
      dilated or only insufficiently. This pair of iris retractors has proved useful.
      In addition, information is given about our own technique to achieve a round
      functional pupil, after complicated lens-extractions with vitreous prolapse, by
      peripheral iridotomy parallel to the limbus and discission of the body.

PMID- 966587
TI  - [Siderosis of the lens (author's transl)].
AB  - Incipient siderosis of the lens is reflected by an extremely fine granular,
      almost homogenous closely subcapsular brown discoloration between the anterior
      capsule of the lens and the epithelium. Advanced siderosis of the lens leads to
      subcapsular "rust spots" of varying size, especially in the region below the
      pupil; to increasing permeability cataract with protein breakdown and also to
      brown discoloration of the developing hollow spaces and clefts containing
      protein. In extensive siderosis of the lens, there was the following histological
      evidence of iron infiltration colour reactions: Between epithelium and capsule:
      (fusiformly) changed epithelia, intercellular substance formed by metaplasia of
      epithelia with connective tissue fibrillae (birefractive capsular cataract), in
      large, balloon-like epithelial cells freely occurring in the liquefied capsule,
      by decomposition of these cells in all fluid cavities containing protein (water
      clefts, etc.). On the other hand, there were no siderous granulations of protein:
      in normal epithelial cells of the lens, in unchanged fibres of the lens, in
      Wedl's cells and in Morgagni's or myelin droplets.

PMID- 966588
TI  - [Corneal pathology in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren-syndrome with special
      reference to "rheumatoid keratomalacia" (author's transl)].
AB  - The corneal pathology in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome is described
      with emphasis on rheumatic keratomalacia. This particular disorder whether
      affecting the central and paracentral or the peripheral parts of the cornea is
      characterized by thinning of the corneal stroma, loss of epithelium, ulceration
      and eventually by corneal perforation. 7 cases are reported. Reduced tear
      production and simultaneous corticosteroid treatment seem to be the essential
      pathogenetic factors of this corneal disease. Therapeutic consequences and
      differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 966589
TI  - [Combined contactoptical system (author's transl)].
AB  - The indications and the adaptation method of a combined contactoptical system
      called piggy-back system, are dealt with. This system comprises the adaptation of
      a soft contact lens on which is applied afterwards, a hard one. The optical and
      the therapeutic results obtained in 7 groups of patients (56 eyes) with
      astigmatism, aphakia, keratokonus, keratoplasty, injuries, chronic lesions of the
      epithelium, and hyposecretion of the tear fluid, are discussed together with the
      results of the adaptation of the lenses.

PMID- 966590
TI  - [Occurrence of diffusions shown by fluorescence angiography of the laser
      coagulation in animals (author's transl)].
AB  - Laser treated rat fundi were observed angiographically and with the fluorescence
      microscope for 3 months. Angiographically diffusions have been observable up to
      about one week post laser, fluorescence microscopically, however, for the whole
      observation time of 3 months. From the 2nd week, these diffusions were produced
      mainly by neovascularizations which angiographically were not visible. They
      started from the choroid and penetrated into the outer part of the retina.

PMID- 966591
TI  - [The action of pilocarpine on the metabolism of surviving lens epithelium and
      iris cells (author's transl)].
AB  - In tissue culture, lens epithelia and iris cells survive concentrations of 0.5 mg
      pilocarpine/100 ml TCM, even better those of 0.25 mg/100 ml. By means of the
      Warburg-method and Boehringer's Glukotest, the consumption of oxygen and glucose
      were measured without and with the addition of pilocarpine. The oxygen-uptake of
      the epithelia decreased to one third after addition of the drug, while it doubled
      in the iris cells. This reveals a compensating effect of the iris tissue
      protecting the epithelia. Pilocarpine inhibited the consumption of glucose in
      both tissues, but not significantly. Consequently, we are not dealing with a
      cataractogenuous substance. This gives new light upon Hockwin's so-called
      "Additions-katarakt".

PMID- 966592
TI  - [The clinical picture of retinopathia oxalogenica (author's transl)].
AB  - A presentation is given of the severe changes in the retina of a 26-year-old man
      caused by intraocular Calciumoxalate crystals with clinical, histological and
      polarizing optical findings. The stadia of the retinopathia oxalogenica are
      classified here.

PMID- 966593
TI  - [Alport-syndrom with participation of the cornea and alterations of ERG (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A description of a 26-year-old patient who had hearing difficulties, progressive
      nephropathy, and conus of the lens in both eyes is given. The ERG was below
      normal and the EOG remained normal. About the same time the nephropathy
      affliction occurred, a ringed abscess appeared in the left eye. Afterwards it
      healed with a scar, but half a year later the same affliction appeared in the
      right eye.

PMID- 966594
TI  - [Tuberous sclerosis with megalocornea and coloboma of the iris (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A mentally and physically retarded 4 1/2 year-old boy with epileptic seizures
      showed a megalocornea on both sides, a coloboma of the iris in the right eye and
      a white area at the temporal side of the disc in the left eye. At first a
      coloboma of the disc was suspected. By further controls at the age of 8 years a
      typical two diopters elevated nodular opaque white mass was seen in place of the
      white area in the left eye, in addition two flat tumours were also seen. In the
      right eye with coloboma of the iris there was also a flat area. Radiographically
      the right kidney showed two ureters with flat calyces. At the age of 8 years
      symmetrical face naevi occurred only under atropine medication, and showed at the
      age of 10 years the typical picture of Pringle's tumours.

PMID- 966595
TI  - [Reconstruction of the lacrimal canaliculi (author's transl)].
AB  - The different methods of reconstructing obliterated lacrimal canaliculi are
      described. At the Eye Clinic in Erlangen Henderson's method is prefered. Into a
      new canal between the lacrimal punctum and the lacrimal sac a tube of
      polyethylene is introduced and remains there for some weeks. About 60% of the
      reconstruction lacrimal canaliculi were still open after months and years.

PMID- 966596
TI  - [Rare ocular manifestations of Boeck's sarcoidosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical and histological diagnosis of two patients having an unusual
      localisation of eyelid and orbita with sarcoidosis Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann is
      explained. The importance of a prompt excission of the sample for the diagnosis
      and initiation of therapy is emphasized.

PMID- 966597
TI  - [Intraocular cryptococcosis (author's transl)].
AB  - A 79-year-old female patient suffered from iridocyclitis of both eyes. In the
      fundus of the left eye equatorially a preretinal questionable granuloma (size 1/2
      d.d.) was found; the first hint of a mycotic involvement. In the enucleated right
      bulbus, an abscess-like granulomatous focus with a diameter of 10 mm was found.
      Several round encapsulated cells having a diameter of 7 to 20 mu and looking like
      with Cryptococcus neoformans were microscopically demonstrable in the pus
      obtained from this abscess. Since the fungus could not be cultured, it may be
      assumed that a spontaneous healing occurred. The only known basic disease was a
      temporary uremia (330 mg0/0 urea and 7.0 mg0/0 creatinin). The role of
      amphotericin B therapy in this patient is discussed.

PMID- 966598
TI  - [Ophthalmic and orthoptic investigations in the kindergarten (author's transl)].
AB  - Recent observations of about 4000 children within the age of two to seven years
      are reported. It seems to be very useful to do all examinations such as visual
      acuity, cover-test and stereo-test in familial surroundings by experienced
      investigators. A survey of visual acuity, squint and stereopsis of all children
      is given in detail as well as an outline of the consequences of this study to the
      public health welfare.

PMID- 966599
TI  - [The exfoliation syndrome: source of the fibrillar material on the capsule
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A clinical case of unilateral capsular exfoliation syndrome was observed in the
      previously traumatized eye of a 22-year-old man with a drawn-down pupil. The
      distribution of material corresponded to the folds of the inner surface of
      contiguous iris. The periphery of the lens was free of deposits, as far as could
      be seen. These findings contradict previous theories on the source of the
      fibrillar material from the lens epithelium and indicate that it is derived from
      the iris pigment epithelium and not from within the lens capsule, although there
      is no question that a similar process involves the peripheral lens epithelium and
      capsule, the products of which probably do not reach the lens surface.

PMID- 966600
TI  - [Treatment of malignant lid tumours by intrapalpebral injection of urea (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 36 malignant tumours of the eyelids (basaliomas, basal-cell carcinomas and
      squamous-cell carcinomas) have been treated by intrapalpebral injections of a 5%
      to 25% solution of urea as recommended by E.D. Danopoulos. 1.5 to 3.0 ml of the
      solutions were injected around the tumours twice per week. Six malignant tumours
      disappeared completely after a treatment of eleven months; their largest initial
      diameter averaged 0.53 cm. Considering the protracted treatment, the uncertainty
      of success, without histological examination of the excised scar tissue, and
      finally because of the low rate of verified success, injections of dissolved urea
      around malignant tumours of the eye lids cannot replace radical excision.

PMID- 966601
TI  - [Eye involvement in plasmocytoma (author's transl)].
AB  - A description is given of a 37-year-old man, who suffered from a IgG myelom,
      diagnosed by internal medicine. The initial symptoms of the disease were grey
      white, crystalline deposits in the cornea and recurring inflammation of the iris
      in both eyes. Only when a multiple recurring exophthalmos occurred, could the
      diagnosis be determined through an intensive internal examination. The continuing
      disease was still complicated by an insufficiency of the kidneys with hypertony
      and beginning retinopathia angiospastica.

PMID- 966602
TI  - [Micrometastasis of the uvea: a rare cause of uveal effusion (author's transl)].
AB  - A clinicopathological report is given on a case of spontaneous chorioideal
      detachment in a patient with metastatic carcinoma. Histological there was
      infiltration of the ciliary body and peripheral choroid and a large uveal
      effusion. Pain would seem to be a pathognomic sign of metastatic tumor in
      choroideal detachment caused by metastatic tumor.

PMID- 966603
TI  - [Electrolytic eye-lash epilation with the operating microscope (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A modified technique of epilation by electrolysis is reported. Epilation is
      hereby performed under the operating microscope. Contrary to the original method,
      with this technique the eyelash is firstly removed and then the hair canal is
      sounded with a fine wire under corresponding magnification. After the circuit is
      closed, white foam is formed and subsequently the hair papilla and the hair
      follicle are destroyed. The technique has several advantages compared to the
      original method: 1. It is relatively harmless to tissue. 2. Larger areas of
      abberant cilia may be epilated in one session as confluent necroses do not occur.
      3. The risk of cilia again growing is reduced as the hair follicle and hair
      papilla are destroyed with high certainty.

PMID- 966604
TI  - [Spontaneous improvement of visual fusion by correction of minor anisometropia
      (author's transl)].
AB  - It is shown from two examples that spectacle correction of minor grades of
      anisometropia in children can be sufficient to allow them to fuse normally and to
      avoid asthenopic complaints caused by partial suppression of the image from one
      eye.

PMID- 966605
TI  - [A comparative trial between pilocarpine drops and ocusert-pilocarpine].
AB  - Ocusert P 20/P 40 was tested on 53 outpatients with glaucoma for 5 weeks. In 27
      patients good results and compatibility could be seen. The therapy had to be
      stopped with 26 patients, due to bad compatibility in 16 patients, and due to
      insufficient effectiveness in 10 patients.

PMID- 966606
TI  - [Pilocarpine as a diagnostic agent for early recognition of a tendency to
      glaucoma. (Comparable results between Hollwich's pilocarpine-test and tonography)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In a group of 20 patients Hollwich's pilocarpine-test and tonography were
      performed repeatedly at regular intervals, for diagnostic purposes. The results
      of the pilocarpine-test were compared with those of tonography. Hence it was
      shown, that the pilocarpine-test performed at the peak of the daily pressure
      curve, gives comparable results to tonography and hence can be useful when
      glaucoma suspicion exists in the eye-doctor's surgery.

PMID- 966607
TI  - [Ocular myiasis (author's transl)].
AB  - One case of an extraocular myiasis is presented. It is reported on parasites,
      which cause an ocular myiasis, complications and treatments.

PMID- 966608
TI  - [Retinopathy and maculopathy in cystinosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Retinopathy and maculopathy combined with pseudoneuritis were observed in
      cystinosis. The disease was classified as a nephropathic process.

PMID- 966609
TI  - [Self-destruction by repeated introduction of foreign bodies into the eye
      (author's transl)].
AB  - There is an observation of a 30-year-old woman inserting foreign bodies into the
      left eye. Perhaps a grave psychiatric sign

PMID- 966610
TI  - [Ophthalmic-pharmacological complications (author's transl)].
AB  - The action of some drugs on the eye may lead to the occurrence of unforeseen
      ocular and extraocular reactions. Vincaleukoblastin (Velbe) provokes serious
      corneal lesions with a healing time of two weeks and a half. The local
      application of Neo-Synephrine eye drops (10%) and Mydrial-Atropine ointment may
      lead in the case of a pharmacogenetic disposition to disagreeable systemic
      effects. In one case of preparation for a cataract operation by akinesis and
      retrobulbar injection, Novocain was changed by mistake with Pilocarpinum
      hydrochloricum by the error of a pharmaceutical firm. This led to severe
      complications, which could by successfully treated with Chlorpromazine
      (Largactil). The knowledge of these clinical observations may be of greater
      usefulness in the preventation of untoward drug reactions.

PMID- 966611
TI  - [A soft, self-adhering contact lens for fundus examination (author's transl)].
AB  - A soft, self-adhering, biconcave silicone contact lens is presented. After
      surface anesthesia the lens can be placed on the cornea without additional
      contact fluid and a fundus area of about 35 degrees can be viewed. For vitreous
      surgery a modification with a flat or slightly convex surface is recommended.

PMID- 966612
TI  - [Retinoschisis and detachment (author's transl)].
AB  - Senile retinoschisis was found in 30 out of 315 pairs of eyes taken from
      cadavers. The retinal splitting occurred primarily as a result of the confluence
      of peripheral cystoid degeneration (Blessig's spaces or Iwanoff's cysts). There
      is no reason to suppose that two different forms of retinoschisis are present if
      the vessels are located in the inner layer. Based on reticular cystoid
      degeneration, there was only once case which could have represented another types
      of splitting. Here the vessels were located in the outer layer; the inner layer
      consisted only of the vitreous membrane. External spaces in the layer are the
      main causal factor for the development of retinoschisis detachment.

PMID- 966613
TI  - [A-scan-ultrasonography in unilateral optic nerve lesions (author's transl)].
AB  - With A-scan-ultrasonography it is possible to determine the time of transmission
      of ultrasound within the cross section of the distal optic nerve. In this way
      information regarding its thickness can be obtained. 156 patients with various
      unilateral optic nerve lesions were examined. Thickening of the affected nerve
      was found in the acute phase of neuritis nervi optici, trauma, optic nerve tumors
      and in papilloedema due to raised orbital or intracranial pressure. This
      investigation has proved a valuable aid in diagnosis in the following unilateral
      conditions: 1. Acute visual loss in the absence of significant fundus findings-
      an enlarged optic nerve ultrasonogram is an objective sign of a retrobulbar
      neuritis, or after injury, a haematoma. 2. Papilloedema--the optic nerve
      ultrasonogram gives information about the nerve. 3. Optic atrophy--an enlarged
      optic nerve ultrasonogram indicates an optic nerve or sheath tumor.

PMID- 966614
TI  - [Heterotopic fundus (author's transl)].
AB  - Fundus heterotopicus is the term used to describe a rare, non-hereditary
      curvature anomaly of the fundus in the non-myopic eye, which is characterized: 1.
      functionally, by a slowly increasing myopic-astigmatic refractive error, 2. by
      correctable bitemporal or binasal refractionscomata and 3. ophthalmoscopically by
      a posterior out-pouching of the nasal or temporal fundus portions, and including
      the optic disc and macula in the obliquely descending wall of the extasis.

PMID- 966615
TI  - [Traumatic palsies of the inferior oblique muscle (author's transl)].
AB  - The author discussed the increase in the frequency of traumatic paralyses of the
      ocular muscles, and reported 6 cases of inferior oblique muscle paresis caused by
      local blunt or sharp traumas (haematoma, contusion, rupture, incarceration) and
      one case of traumatic Brownian pseudo-paralysis. The localisation of the injuries
      in 3 cases was on the inferior temporal part and in the other 3 cases on the
      superior part of the bulbar conjunctiva. Atypical horizontal deviation and
      characteristic vertical deviation, torsion and torticollis were observed in the
      majority of cases. One patient recovered spontaneously. 3 patients became
      asymptomatic after correction by prisms and one after recession of contralateral
      superior rectus muscle. The symptoms remained unchanged in the case of a "blow
      out" fracture (in spite of operation) and a Brown's syndrome (without treatment).

PMID- 966616
TI  - [Aberrant reinnervation after oculomotor palsy with involvement of the ciliary
      muscle (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical and electromyographic signs of the misdirection syndrome after
      oculomotor palsy are described. Besides the previously described findings we
      found an increase of intraocular pressure dependent on the direction of gaze. In
      three young patients (16-26 years), we were able to demonstrate an aberrant
      reinnervation of the ciliary muscle, which was responsible for an increasing
      myopia in adduction. These observations supplement the previous concept of the
      misdirection syndrome.

PMID- 966617
TI  - [Radionuclide dacryography in clinical practice and research (author's transl)].
AB  - Radionuclide dacryography (RND) has the following indications: 1. Localisation of
      obstructions in the lacrimal drainage system. 2. Judgement of relative tear
      obstruction. 3. Pre- and post-operative control of the function of lacrimal
      drainage in surgical and radiotherapy of the inner canthus region. 4.
      Investigations of tear secretion are described and own preliminary results are
      discussed. 5. Resorption of suitable marker substances clinically. First results
      of conjunctival resorption of pertechnetate are reported. 6. The possibility of
      testing in vivo radioactive drug delivery systems is shown by means of own
      investigations. 7. The absorbed radiation dose using RND is very low as compared
      to radiological methods, thus justifying repeated controls and investigations
      even in children.

PMID- 966618
TI  - [Intraarterial injection of Tolazolinhydrochlorid in retinal arterial occlusions.
      Our experiences with puncture of the carotid artery (author's transl)].
AB  - In partial and total retinal arterial occlusions we have been giving
      intracarotideal Tolazolinhydrochlorid since 1969. In the beginning we have
      prepared surgically the common carotid artery, at present this puncture is done
      percutanously. The author describes the surgical procedure and the results. A
      significant improvement of the visual acuity and of the visual field was present
      in the cases with intraarterial injection.

PMID- 966619
TI  - [Studies on the changes of transcortin-level in patients with glaucoma (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Changes in the plasma transcortin level were studied in patients with primary
      glaucoma, glaucoma and diabetes, diabetes mellitus compared with a control croup.
      It was found that the plasma transcortin level of the patients with or without
      glaucoma was significantly higher than that of the control values. Moreover, the
      analysis of the dissociation constant of transcortincorticosterone complex
      revealed that it is greater in patients with primary glaucoma than could be
      expected by the dilution ratio. Further studies are required to understand the
      mechanism of the changes occurring in plasma transcortin level in glaucoma.

PMID- 966620
TI  - [Detection of early fundus changes in simple glaucoma by means of Friedmann's
      analyzer].

PMID- 966621
TI  - [Visual fields in persons exposed to vibration].

PMID- 966622
TI  - [2 types of lens opacity development in mice depending on age at the time of
      irradiation. Preliminary report].

PMID- 966623
TI  - [Therapeutical action of Doxium (calcium-dobesilate) in diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 966624
TI  - [Treatment of corneal virus diseases with ABOB solutions].

PMID- 966625
TI  - [Early changes in eye fundus in Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome in the eye fundus].

PMID- 966626
TI  - [Neuropathia optica ischemica in ophthalmodynamographic picture].

PMID- 966627
TI  - [Optic neuritis caused by contact with lead compounds].

PMID- 966628
TI  - [Postgraduate training in ophthalmology in the years 1968-1973].

PMID- 966629
TI  - [Physiopathology of the vitreous body].

PMID- 966630
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis. III. Ocular diseases and therapy].

PMID- 966631
TI  - [Relationships between hemopoiesis and peripheral blood counts in untreated and
      32P-treated patients with polycythaemia vera (author's transl)].
AB  - The composition of the hemopoiesis was determined in iliac crest biopsies of 51
      patients with polycythaemia vera. There was a good correlation between
      thrombopoiesis and thrombocytes and, to a minor degree also between
      erythropoiesis and erythrocytes in untreated patients as well as between
      granulopoiesis and granulocytes in 32P-treated patients. In patients with normal
      blood counts there existed no correlation between the bone marrow and the blood
      counts within smaller limits of the cell count. Histomorphometric analysis shows
      no difference either between untreated and 32P-treated patients or between
      patients with and without splenomegaly. This is an argument against a significant
      intrasplenic hemopoiesis or an intrasplenic cell pooling, or destruction
      (hypersplenism), respectively. The blood sinusoids are hyperplastic and
      distended. With increasing hyperplasia of the hemopoiesis the sinusoids become
      relatively smaller. So changes in vascularisation may be of importance in the
      infrequent transitions into myelofibrosis and/or leukemia.

PMID- 966632
TI  - [Changes of erythrocyte membrane lipids in ethanol induced hyperlipidemia
      (Zieve's syndrome) (author's transl)].
AB  - In 11 patients with alcohol-induced hyperlipemia, of whom 6 showed a Zieve
      Syndrome increased phospholipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol were found
      in the red cells stromal. The gasliquid chromatographic analysis of the
      phospholipid fatty acids showed increased contents of saturated and
      monounsaturated fatty acids C 16-C 18 smaller contents of longchain highly
      unsaturated fatty acids. The changes in the fatty acid pattern mainly occurred in
      patients with Zieve Syndrome and could be important for the mechanism of the
      hemolytic anemia. Theses findings could be in connexion with vitamin E
      deficiency.

PMID- 966633
TI  - [Insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas in Wilson's disease (author's transl)].
AB  - The function of the exocrine pancreas was examined by the secretin-pancreozymin
      test in 3 patients with Wilson's disease. In all cases we found a partial
      insufficiency. At the time of investigation the patients were 6(7)/12, 11(6)/12
      and 21 years old. The youngest one was examined before therapy with D
      Penicillamin. We suppose that storage of copper in lysosomes causes a cytotoxic
      damage of the exocrine part of the pancreas requiring substitution therapy in
      advanced cases.

PMID- 966634
TI  - Biliary reabsorption of cholate sodium, glycocholate sodium, and taurocholate
      sodium from the rat biliary tree after retrograde intrabiliary injection.
AB  - The results demonstrate the biliary reabsorption of 14C-cholate, 14C
      glycocholate, and 14C-taurocholate from the rat biliary tree after retrograde
      intrabiliary injection. It could be shown that retrograde injection of these bile
      salts (20 nmol) in a total volume of 40 mul leads to significantly increased
      biliary reabsorption in contrast to the administration in a retrograde volume of
      only 20 mul. These differences in reabsorption may be explained by greater
      reabsorption at a more proximal site in the biliary tree. Furthermore 14C
      glycocholate and 14C-taurocholate are reabsorbed to a lesser extent in contrast
      to 14C-cholate when bile flow was restarted at once after retrograde injection in
      a volume of 40 mul. It is speculated that conjugation of cholate to glycine and
      taurine has some effect on the extent of biliary reabsorption of this bile acid.
      Following the results presented in this paper one might hypothize that biliary
      reabsorption has an important influence on bile composition i.e. the biliary
      excretion of bile salts.

PMID- 966635
TI  - Lymphatic absorption and metabolism of orally administered testosterone
      undecanoate in man.
AB  - [3H]-testosterone undecanoate ([3H]TU) was administered orally to 4 patients with
      a thoracic duct catheter after neck dissection surgery. Appearance of
      radioactivity in lymph, plasma and urine was measured at different times.
      Metabolites of TU in these fluids were investigated. Peak levels of radioactivity
      appeared simultaneously in lymph and plasma (2.5-5 h after administration) while
      the excretion in urine was highest approximately 2 h after the plasma and lymph
      peak. The main compounds appearing in the lymph were TU and 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone undecanoate (5alpha-DHTU), but 5beta-DHTU could not be
      detected. In plasma almost all metabolites were probably conjugated. During the
      first 24 h approximately 40% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in
      the urine. The total amount of radioactivity excreted in the urine during the
      first week was 45-48%. The predominant urinary metabolites were testosterone- and
      androsterone-glucuronide. The results indicate that TU is metabolized partly in
      the intestinal wall. The remaining TU and newly-formed 5alpha-DHTU, at least
      partly, are absorbed via the lymphatic system.

PMID- 966636
TI  - [Decrease of disaccharidase activity following application of bencyclan
      hydrogenfumarate (author's transl)].
AB  - The disaccharidase activity of the small bowel mucosa of the rat is decreased by
      intraperitoneal application of Bencyclan-hydrogenfumarate. The doses applied were
      10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. The decrease rate after 100 mg/kg attained up
      to 50% of the control values. Furthermore, a reduction of villous height and an
      increase of the crypt depth has been observed in correlation with the enzyme
      activity decrease. Though functional and morphological alterations show a
      correlation, they cannot be explained by an antimetabolic-like effect because of
      the fact that the enzyme function recovers 72 h after application of the drug.
      Whilst our results do not sustain a cytostatic effect of Bencyclan
      hydrogenfumarate, there is no doubt that the intraperitoneally applied drug
      influences the disaccharidase activity. These facts have to be considered in
      clinical therapy.

PMID- 966637
TI  - An experimental study of cardiac contractile force in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 966638
TI  - The effect of physical training on sweating responses measured during muscular
      exercises and resting postures in hot environments.

PMID- 966639
TI  - Irreversible inhibition by dibenamine of drug-induced contractions, in relation
      to the mobilization of Ca.

PMID- 966640
TI  - [Thromboeyte aggregation capacity in patients with ulcer disease].

PMID- 966641
TI  - [Multiple electric depolarization of the heart in tachysystolic collapse].

PMID- 966642
TI  - [Delayed type hypersensitivity in patients with glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 966643
TI  - [Clinico-electroneurographic study of diabetic polyneuropathies].

PMID- 966644
TI  - [Dynamics of monosaccharides in the blood of patients with diabetes mellitus
      under the influence of treatment with hypoglycemic preparations].

PMID- 966645
TI  - [Clinico-electromyographic correlations in syringomyelia].

PMID- 966646
TI  - [Skin oxygenation in patients with congenital arteriovenous fistulas of the
      extremities].

PMID- 966647
TI  - [Spondylo-cardialgia].

PMID- 966648
TI  - [Implantation of a paired impulse stimulator in a patient with paroxysmal
      tachycardia].

PMID- 966649
TI  - [Case of arteriovenous aneurysm that simulated the picture of heart defect].

PMID- 966650
TI  - [Visceral lesions in podagra].

PMID- 966651
TI  - [Stevens--Johnson syndrome simulating acute abdomen].

PMID- 966652
TI  - [Non-alimentary functions of the intestinal hormone system (physiologic
      significance and clinical problems)].

PMID- 966653
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology of cholecystokinin--pancreozymin].

PMID- 966654
TI  - [New method of analyzing gastrograms and several improvements in balloon
      kymography].

PMID- 966655
TI  - [Current methods of diagnosis in the clinical picture of internal diseases].

PMID- 966656
TI  - [Diagnostic value of intubation studies with acid loading for determining the
      character of achlorhydria].

PMID- 966657
TI  - [Early detection of stomach cancer by gastroscopy under polyclinic conditions].

PMID- 966658
TI  - [Fucose, neutral hexose concentration and transaminase activity in the blood of
      patients with serum hepatitis and Botkin's disease].

PMID- 966659
TI  - [d-Xylose test after food loading as a method of functional study of the small
      intestine].

PMID- 966660
TI  - [Absorptive function of the intestine in patients with chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 966661
TI  - [Colonoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms of the large intestine].

PMID- 966662
TI  - [Albumin determination in feces as a supplementary method of diagnosing acute
      intestinal diseases and assessing the completeness of recovery].

PMID- 966663
TI  - [Value of individual criteria of the bicycle test for diagnosis of ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 966664
TI  - [Diagnosis of symptomatic arterial hypertension at different stages of the
      examination].

PMID- 966665
TI  - [Detection of forms of arterial hypertension in mass screenings].

PMID- 966666
TI  - [Assessment of several indices of bronchial patency].

PMID- 966667
TI  - [Relationship between pulmonary gas diffusion and perfusion in sarcoidosis as
      detected by scanning].

PMID- 966668
TI  - [Retrospective study of fluorograms in pulmonary sarcoidosis].

PMID- 966669
TI  - [Effectiveness of puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of podagra].

PMID- 966670
TI  - [Clinical value of determining fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products in
      kidney diseases].

PMID- 966671
TI  - [DNA depolymerase activity in rat spleen following flight on the "Kosmos-605=
      satellite].
AB  - The activity of enzymes involved in DNA disintegration (acid and alkaline DNA
      ases) was measured in the spleen of rats flown onboard the Cosmos-605
      biosatellite for 22 days. The activity of alkaline DNA-ase remained unaltered
      whereas that of acid DNA-ase increased more than twice. The activity of acid DNA
      ase returned to the normal 26 days postflight. The study of characteristic
      viscosity (eta) of native and denatured DNA showed that enzyme activation was not
      followed by degradation changes in the DNA molecule.

PMID- 966672
TI  - [Changes in human monosynaptic H-reflex during altitude decompression].
AB  - Test subjects exposed to altitude decompression without preliminary
      denitrogenization showed in 65-75% of cases stability or reduction of the
      amplitude of the H-response of a leg with subsequent painful sensations and in
      increase of the amplitude of the H-response in the other leg as long as they were
      raised to an altitude of 11,000 m. When bends developed in a leg the amplitude of
      the H-response in that leg decreased and in the opposite leg increased. During
      the descent and disappearance of painful sensations changes in the amplitude of
      the H-response were just the opposite. It is assumed that a decrease of the
      amplitude of the H-response during altitude decompression was associated with
      oxygen deficiency of nerve afferents and an increase--with the descending
      activating supraspinal effect.

PMID- 966673
TI  - [Prevention of decompression sickness as applied to conditions of multiple space
      walks].
AB  - Six 3-day experiments were carried out in an altitude chamber in which 6 test
      subjects took part. The experiments simulated repeated extra-vehicular activities
      -intensive work at an altitude of 10,000 m in a helmet or at an altitude of
      40,000 m on a space suit pressurized at 200 mm Hg. It was demonstrated that
      altitude decompression could be prevented by desaturation--prolonged exposure to
      the hypobaric atmosphere (430 mm Hg) and 100% O2 or a 40% O2 and 60% N2 mixture.
      During the 3-day experiment the test subjects made seven 3--4 hour excursions,
      showing no symptoms of decompression disease.

PMID- 966674
TI  - [State of the human motor apparatus during prolonged exposure to a nitrogen
      oxygen atmosphere at a pressure of 5 atm].
AB  - The state of the motor function of individuals who were pedalling a bicycle
      ergometer in an altitude chamber containing a nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere at 5.0
      ata was studied. Maximum isometric force, precision of controlling movement and
      muscular tension, accuracy and velocity of movements were recorded. The maximum
      force, precision and velocity of movements varied phasically. The greatest
      changes were found on the 1st-3rd and 6--7th days of the exposure. These
      parameters returned to the normal when the atmosphere pressure was reduced to 1.0
      ata. During exercises at an elevated pressure the muscular force, accuracy and
      velocity of movements decreased. During exercises at a normal pressure similar
      changes were less distinct and consistent.

PMID- 966675
TI  - [Human adrenal function during prolonged exposure to hyperbaric conditions (N2
      02, 5 atm)].
AB  - Test subjects were exposed to a nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere at 5 ata, performing
      various activities. The adrenal function of the subjects was examined with
      respect to the catecholamine and corticosteroids excretion in the urine. During
      adaptation to the environment the excretion of catecholamines and corticosteroids
      varied phasically. After 3 days of the 7-day exposure to the hyperbaric
      atmosphere and during decompression the excretion of norepinephrine increased and
      that of corticosteroids, particularly 17-corticosteroids, decreased. The diurnal
      rhythm of the excretion changed though the life regimen of the test subjects
      remained unaltered. These variations can be considered as adaptive-protective
      responses of the human body.

PMID- 966676
TI  - [Effect on water metabolism of body posture relative to the gravity vector].
AB  - A combined effect of hypokinesia and body position at different angles to the
      gravity vector on the water content and rate of its metabolism was studied. It
      was shown that bed rest reduced total water losses and the rate of its
      metabolism. It was body position as related to the gravity vector rather than bed
      rest that influenced the total water content in the body.

PMID- 966677
TI  - [Recovery of muscle functions in rats following prolonged movement restraint].
AB  - Experiments were carried out to measure time and force parameters of isometric
      contractions and structural parameters of muscles of hind limbs of rats which
      were exposed to hypokinesia for 130 days and then were kept under surveillance
      for 3 months. During recovery certain functions of the contractile system
      returned to the normal. At the same time M. soleus displayed persistent changes
      that were indicative of atrophic developments. Unlike M. soleus where delayed
      contraction (due to an increase in the time of relaxation) was followed by losses
      in force, fast muscles (M. ext. digit. longus and M. plantaris) showed recovery
      of force parameters. They also exhibited delayed contraction due to an increase
      in the time of tension development and half-relaxation. These differences are
      associated with dissimilar function and structure of muscular fibers. On the
      whole, the pattern of recovery of the motor functions reflects responses to an
      increased load of the neuromuscular system of animals which are kept in large
      cages after prolonged hypokinesia.

PMID- 966678
TI  - [Mouse hematopoietic organs in hypokinesia].
AB  - The capacity of hemopoietic cells for colony-formation and the pattern of their
      differentiation during hypokinesia were studied. The absolute count of colony
      forming units (CFU) decreased exponentially during 3 to 30 days. Bone marrow
      showed a change in the total cell count and a wave-like change in the absolute
      and relative count of CFU with a maximum on the 1st-3rd and 15th-45th days.
      Differentiating potentialities of CFU from the spleen and bone marrow were not
      altered towards erythro-, myelo- and thrombopoiesis. The cell structure of the
      peripheral blood changed, displaying lymphopenia, transient neutrophil
      leukocytosis, increase in the percentage content of large lymphocytes and stress
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 966679
TI  - [Recovery of central vision after temporary blindness].
AB  - Recovery of spatial resolving capacity (acuity) of central vision after temporary
      blindness induced by prolonged (1.5, 3, 6 min) light adaptation to a sun or
      incandescence lamp (20, 40, 80 thous. lux) illuminated white screen was studied.
      The recovery time increased exponentially with an increase in energy light
      stimulation (product of brightness of the deadapting source by the time of
      action). A general formula describing the relationship between the time of
      recovery of acuity and brightness of the test table and energy of light stimulus
      was derived.

PMID- 966680
TI  - [Relation of human weight loss to the duration of space flight].
AB  - A formula describing weight losses in the first approximation during space
      mission was derived assuming that humans may adapt to space flight effects. The
      process depended on two parameters one of which characterized maximum body losses
      and another--time of adaptation. Weight estimates of Skylab crewmembers obtained
      with the aid of the formula were in good agreement with actual results. The
      typical time of adaptation was two days. Possible ways of constructing a more
      precise model of weight changes and its use to diagnose the status of crewmembers
      are discussed.

PMID- 966681
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of electrocardiograms of overweight and normal
      weight flight personnel in conditions of moderate hypoxia].
AB  - Examination of electrocardiograms of pilots with normal and 10% excessive weight
      in a moderately hypoxic atmosphere showed that changes in the pulse rate, T
      voltage, systolic index were less expressed in obese subjects than in normal
      pilots. This can be attributed to the fact that obese subjects had reduced
      metabolism, minute oxygen consumption and compensatory capabilities of the
      cardiovascular system.

PMID- 966682
TI  - [Method of studying acceleration tolerance of pilots in flight conditions].
AB  - The following procedure was used to study the pilot's tolerance to acceleration
      inflight. Experiments were carried out in a specially equipped plane with a dual
      monitoring system. Inflight the pilot performed 3 dives, attaining 3.0, 5.0 and
      6.0 g for 30 sec at an interval of 1-2 min and an onset rate of 0.4-0.6 g/sec.
      The control over the health state and performance of the pilot was maintained by
      the coach as well as with the aid of breathing rate, ECG, ear pulse rate
      recordings and cynematography of the pilot's face during exposure to
      acceleration. These methods were employed in experimental flights of a good
      number of pilots. The results show that the methods may well be used to better
      medical monitoring inflight and to identify subjects with decreased tolerance to
      acceleration.

PMID- 966683
TI  - [Evaluation and application of quantitative indices of the work quality of an
      operator].
AB  - The paper gives assessment of quantitative parameters of the quality of the
      operators' activity involved in the spacecraft control. It discusses specific
      problems that can be solved using parameters characterizing the quality of the
      operator's activity during space flight, spacecraft development and operators'
      training.

PMID- 966684
TI  - [Rabbit coronary vessels following a single irradiation of the heart region with
      a dose of 2400 rad].
AB  - The effect of ionizing radiation on the coronary vessels was studied on rabbits
      whose cardiac areas were irradiated at a dose of 2400 rads. This exposure led to
      dilatation and stricture of small vessels. The most significant changes were
      found in the system of the left coronary artery at an early post-irradiation
      period.

PMID- 966685
TI  - [Evaluation of the state of the cardiovascular system in helicopter crews].

PMID- 966686
TI  - [Effect of alpha-radiation on different stages of the cell cycle in Chlorella].

PMID- 966687
TI  - [Fatigue characteristics in people of different professions].

PMID- 966688
TI  - [Direct modeling of a radiobiological survival experiment].

PMID- 966689
TI  - [Functional state of the hepato-pancreatic system during exposure to transverse
      acceleration of low magnitude].

PMID- 966690
TI  - [Experiment with rats on a 22-day flight on the "Kosmos-605" biological satellite
      (objectives and methods)].
AB  - In 1974 a rat experiment was carried out onboard the Cosmos-605 biosatellite.
      Inflight Wistar rats were kept unrestrained in small cages. The cages were
      equipped with a feeder, water supply, light source and a ventilation device. The
      state of the animals was assessed with respect to their motor activity. The
      flight experiment was preceded by a number of preparatory runs and testinns that
      were completed with an end-to-end experiment in a biosatellite mockup. The flight
      experiment was paralleled by the ground-based synchroneous experiment which
      simulated almost entirely the flight profile. For each experiment rats were
      selected and trained during a month's observation. Postflight rats were exposed
      to clinical, physiological, morphological, cytochemical and biochemical
      investigations. Tissue examinations were performed on the 2nd-3rd day (20 rats)
      and 26-27th day (12 rats) after flight. Four rats were kept to study remote
      aftereffects.

PMID- 966691
TI  - [Dynamics of changes in human galvanic skin response during altitude
      decompression].

PMID- 966692
TI  - Rabbit mortality survey.
AB  - In a survey of mortality in 2224 rabbits of up to 12 weeks of age, drawn from 10
      production units, neonatal mortality was important with 111 stillbirths and 175
      deaths in the 1st week of life out of a total of 457 deaths in the whole survey.
      There was a low overall incidence of death from respiratory and enteric disease
      during the period of study.

PMID- 966693
TI  - Experimental induction of cervical lymphadenitis in guinea-pigs with group C
      streptococci.
AB  - Streptococcal lymphadenitis with macroscopic abscesses was induced in guinea-pigs
      when an isolate of Lancefield's group C streptococci of guinea-pig origin was
      sprayed orally. The disease was also produced in guinea-pigs when another isolate
      was injected sublingually but not when it was sprayed orally. Treatment with
      prednisolone did not increase the susceptibility to the latter isolant when
      sprayed orally. Abscesses could not be induced in the cervical lymph nodes of
      guinea-pigs exposed by injecting group E streptococci sublingually, although the
      organism was isolated from the cervical lymph nodes 2 days after inoculation.
      Neither could abscesses be induced by injecting these streptococci sublingually
      in guinea-pigs treated with prednisolone.

PMID- 966694
TI  - Seizure resistance in albino gerbils.
AB  - Albino gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and their agouti litter mates were tested
      once per week for 10-16 weeks for spontaneous epileptiform seizures when
      transferred to a novel environment. Only 16% of the albinos had seizures compared
      with 41% among the agoutis (P less than 0-05).

PMID- 966695
TI  - The distribution of enzymes in the skin of the domestic pig.
AB  - On the basis of enzyme histochemical methods, the distribution and the activities
      of various enzymes in the skin of the domestic pig were investigated. The results
      are discussed in connection with the importance of the domestic pig as an
      experimental animal for dermatological research.

PMID- 966696
TI  - The effects of age and anaesthetic on the blood picture of the cuis, Galea
      musteloides.
AB  - Blood samples from 25 adult and 6 immature cuis were examined. There were slight
      differences in red cell parameters (RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, & MCHC) between cuis
      and guinea-pigs. The total white cell count of cuis was much lower. The
      neutrophils of the cuis, as of the guinea-pig, had eosinophilic granules and were
      therefore termed pseudoeosinophils. Kurloff bodies were not present in
      mononuclear cells. There were more platelets in cuis blood compared with guinea
      pig blood. The choice of anaesthetic did not influence any of the red cell
      parameters of the cuis, but may have affected the relative numbers of
      pseudoeosinophils, the platelet count and the percentage of reticulocytes.
      Immature animals had a lower erythrocyte count, a higher MCH and fewer platelets
      than adults.

PMID- 966697
TI  - An improved method for the production of experimental congestive heart failure in
      the guinea-pig.
AB  - The method involves supravalvular aortic constriction, and a simple, efficient,
      aortic constrictor has been developed which gives highly predictable results.
      Mortality due to causes directly related to the surgical procedure was low.

PMID- 966698
TI  - Measurement of digestible and metabolizable energy of diets for rats.
AB  - A balance method for the measurement of digestible and metabolizable energy in
      rats is described. Experimentally determined metabolizable energies of 2 diets
      for rats were closer to those values for metabolizable energy calculated from
      tabulated values for pigs rather than chickens. Some drawbacks in the use of
      tables of energy values to predict the energy of diets are discussed.

PMID- 966699
TI  - Effects of stress due to deprivation and transport in different genotypes of
      house mouse.
AB  - The importance of various stress factors involved in boxing and transit of wild
      and laboratory mice on a 28 hour journey was studied. Transference from
      laboratory cage to transit box alone caused weight loss; under the best
      conditions the laboratory mice lost 5% of their initial weight and wild ones 8%.
      Deprivation of food resulted in absolute loss of weight; from this death ensued
      when 20% of initial weight was lost: the smaller wild mice died sooner than the
      larger laboratory ones. Water deprivation resulted in retarding recovery of
      weight lost; wild mice took longer to recover than laboratory ones. It also
      caused weight loss and, in conjunction with deprivation of food, poor condition
      and death. Transit itself affected percentage weight loss and wheat consumption;
      wild mice were affected differently from laboratory mice in both respects.
      Genotype is seen to be important not only in controlling initial weight and
      activity level, but also--and independently of weight--the total food
      requirement. In the light of these findings current literature giving guidance on
      shipment of small mammals is shown to be inadequate, and certain recommendations
      are given.

PMID- 966700
TI  - Investigation of alopecia following sulphur rolling of mice.

PMID- 966701
TI  - Effect of age and sex on histamine-induced gastric secretion in laboratory rats.
AB  - The effect of age and sex on histamine-stimulated 24-hr gastric secretion was
      assessed in the rat. Secretion tests were done in rats of both sexes at 3, 6, 9,
      12, 18, and 24 mo of age. The highest 24-hr volume and acid output of gastric
      secretion was found in both sexes in the 9-mo age group. When related to body
      weight the highest 24-hr gastric secretion and acid output was found in 6-mo-old
      males and in 9-mo-old females. This observation may have practical value when the
      rat is selected as an experimental tool for the study of gastric secretory
      function.

PMID- 966702
TI  - Reproductive performance and fertility testing in strain 13 and Hartley guinea
      pigs.
AB  - A study to test the effects of certain experimental manipulation on the
      reproductive capacity of male guinea pigs required verifying the fertility of the
      male guinea pigs before and after manipulation. Methods of testing fertility were
      evaluated, and normal reproductive data from preexperimental and control groups
      were tabulated and analyzed. No data from the actual experiments were included.
      Virgin and proven fertile males were mated with 1 (1:1) or 2 (2:1) virgin or
      proven fertile females. Inbred (13/N Umm) and conventional (Mfi:CFDH-ML (DH) )
      guinea pigs were used. Ninety-five percent of both groups of males were fertile.
      Eighty-four percent of both groups of females were fertile. Male guinea pigs
      previously proven fertile had the same subsequent fertility rate as virgin males.
      Over one-third of the conceptions did not take place during the first estrus
      cycle (16 da) during which the males and females were mated. Strain 13 and
      Hartley females had litters of approximately the same size (3.1 vs 3.0), but the
      neonatal mortality was statistically lower (P less than 0.001) in the Hartley
      stock (9.3%) than in the Strain 13 guinea pigs (28.4%).

PMID- 966703
TI  - Record-keeping for a colony of 15,000 mice without use of a computer.
AB  - An economical and easy to learn method of record-keeping was developed which
      utilizes standard office supply 3 5 cards for cage cards and central office
      records. The method developed has been used to maintain all records of a mouse
      colony of 18 inbred strains and substrains for 9 yr. With this system, detailed
      pedigrees, postmortem data, tumor incidence, and average age are available in
      minutes.

PMID- 966704
TI  - Measurement of intestinal absorption in mice by a double-label radioisotope
      perfusion technic.
AB  - The use of the standard chemical technic for measuring intestinal glucose
      absorption was compared with a new double-label radioisotope technic. Glucose
      absorption and water flux in the mouse small intestine were measured by both
      methods. The results indicated that the 2 approaches yield almost identical
      values. The radioisotope technic utilized [14C] polyethylene glycol to measure
      water flux and [3H] glucose. The technic was found to be reliable, rapid, and
      applicable to small samples and other substrates. It is particularly suited to
      absorption studies in small animals such as the mouse, where sample size is
      limited. The study also showed that the polyethylene glycol recovery rate from
      the mouse intestine was 97.8%, indicating that it is a valid absorption marker in
      this species.

PMID- 966705
TI  - Intracisternal virus-like particles in two guinea pig mammary adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Virus-like particles were found in spontaneously arising mammary adenocarcinomas
      from 2 male guinea pigs. The type-B particles were 100 nm in diameter and budded
      from the apex of stalks into cisternae. Examination of normal and neoplastic
      tissues from other guinea pigs failed to reveal similar particles. A review of
      the literature revealed that of the 16 known cases of mammary adenocarcinomas in
      guinea pigs, 5 have occurred in male animals. The apparent propensity for
      spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas in males of this species is discussed in
      relation to the possible etiologic agents responsible for them.

PMID- 966706
TI  - A restraining device and oral dosing technic for the chinchilla (Chinchilla
      laniger).
AB  - A device, based on the principle of a cattle squeeze chute, was designed for
      restraining a chinchilla; and a cannula-tipped syringe was designed for
      introducing a solution into the animal's throat. The restraining device allows 1
      person to conduct routine clinical procedures while the cannula-tipped syringe
      facilitates oral administration of liquids.

PMID- 966707
TI  - Blood and serum chemistry values of gnotobiotic beagles.
AB  - Several blood and serum chemistry values were serially determined over a 2-yr
      period on 17 purebred beagle dogs from the same closed, inbred colony. Seven of
      these dogs were germfree, and 10 had a conventional bacterial flora. Seven of
      those with a conventional flora were confined in germfree-type isolators; 3 were
      housed in a routine manner in a conventional animal facility. The germfree dogs
      were found to have significantly lower red blood cell, white blood cell,
      neutrophil, and band cell counts lower levels of alpha-2 and gamma globulins, and
      higher amounts of cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase than the 2 sets of
      conventional dogs. In most other respects, the blood and serum chemistry values
      of the germfree dogs were similar to those of the conventional dogs and to
      previously reported values for normal beagles.

PMID- 966708
TI  - Effect of deworming medication on the microbial flora of the upper
      gastrointestinal tract of dogs.
AB  - Control cultures were taken at laporatomy of the stomach or stomach remnant,
      jejunum, and ileum of 26 adult dogs, 8 of which had had gastric surgery 1 yr
      earlier. Two wk after the control cultures were taken, 17 of the 26 dogs,
      including all 8 which had had prior surgery, were treated with anthelmintics,
      niclosamide, dichlorophene, methylbenzene, and arecoline hydrobromide. Two wk
      after the anthelmintic treatment, or 4 wk after the control cultures were taken,
      the 26 dogs were recultured. Samples of microbial flora were obtained by direct
      needle aspiration employing anaerobic precautions. These samples were processed
      both quantitatively and qualitatively using both anaerobic and aerobic technics.
      The specific sites cultured were the lower stomach or stomach remnant, proximal
      jejunum 15 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz, and distal ileum 45 cm proximal
      to the ileocecal valve. Bacteria isolated were predominately facultative aerobes.
      No fungi were isolated. Cultivation of spirochetes was not attempted. The results
      showed that there was no significant qualitative or quantitative alteration of
      microbial flora caused by the anthelmintic treatment.

PMID- 966709
TI  - A system for inducing hyperthermia in sheep.
AB  - A system that produces hyperthermia in pregnant sheep in a consistent and
      reproducible manner was designed. The experimental approach was through control
      of ambient temperature and relative humidity in a closed chamber; the sheep was
      unable to lose its metabolic heat in an environment of 42 degrees C and 75%
      relative humidity. This system resulted in a steady and progressive temperature
      rise of 2.5 degrees C in the maternal abdominal aorta in 120 +/- 17 min.

PMID- 966711
TI  - A method for identifying rabbits by color-coded ear buttons.

PMID- 966710
TI  - Iatrogenic pneumothorax and pneumoderma in a mouse.

PMID- 966712
TI  - Viability determination in chain-forming bacteria.

PMID- 966713
TI  - Technique for measuring prostaglandin using electronic integration.

PMID- 966714
TI  - Two prototype safety pipetting devices.

PMID- 966715
TI  - The use of miracidia for the screening of compounds for activity against Fasciola
      hepatica.

PMID- 966716
TI  - Sulphur-35 uptake by fresh and frozen growth plate chondrocytes.

PMID- 966717
TI  - A versatile peristaltic pump designed for grazing lambs.

PMID- 966718
TI  - Evaluation of enzymatic kinetic constants with the aid of Probit transformation.

PMID- 966719
TI  - Midified roller pump with improved haemodynamic characteristics and temperature
      control of perfusate.

PMID- 966720
TI  - Methodology and applications of countercurrent-immunoelectrophoresis in
      microbiology.

PMID- 966721
TI  - Radiotoxic hazard during the iodination of proteins.

PMID- 966722
TI  - Electrophoretic fractionation of minute protein samples using a micropreparative
      device.

PMID- 966723
TI  - Robust and sensitive microrespirometer for class use.

PMID- 966724
TI  - Apparatus for measuring fluid uptake parameters of surgical dressing absorbents.

PMID- 966725
TI  - Small disposable columns for ion-exchange chromatography.

PMID- 966726
TI  - Lachrymatory factor in sprouting onion (Allium  cepa)

PMID- 966727
TI  - A measure of the effect of drying temperature on the selenium content of herbage.

PMID- 966728
TI  - Changes in biochemical components during the germination of spores of Penicillium
      roqueforti.

PMID- 966729
TI  - Chemical and nutritional evaluation of yeasts and bacteria as dietary protein
      sources for rats and pigs.

PMID- 966730
TI  - Peroneal nerve paralysis in the cat and dog: an experimental study.

PMID- 966731
TI  - The anatomy of the superficial inguinal ring and its contained and adjacent
      structures in the live Greyhound--a study by palpation.

PMID- 966732
TI  - The diagnosis of anal sacculitis in the dog.

PMID- 966733
TI  - The frequency of occurrence of anal sacculitis in the dog.

PMID- 966734
TI  - The use of Sterculia Gum for controlling intestinal tone in the dog and cat.

PMID- 966735
TI  - The head--Part I. Traumatic lesions of the skull.

PMID- 966736
TI  - Pulmonary haemosiderosis.

PMID- 966737
TI  - Tetanus toxoid hypersensitivity.

PMID- 966738
TI  - A retrospective study of hypoglycaemia in selected high risk neonates.

PMID- 966739
TI  - Pyloric stenosis in Singapore.

PMID- 966740
TI  - "Lomotil" poisoning.

PMID- 966741
TI  - Reye's syndrome in Malaysian children: a report of three autopsy cases.

PMID- 966742
TI  - Bladder aspiration for diagnosis of urinary tract infection in infants and young
      children.

PMID- 966743
TI  - Validation of a submaximal test of maximal oxygen intake.

PMID- 966744
TI  - The effect of training and detraining on the body composition and cardiovascular
      response of young women to exercise.

PMID- 966745
TI  - The football keeper's thumb.

PMID- 966746
TI  - Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of elite Canadian ice hockey
      players.

PMID- 966747
TI  - The elbow and the athletic practice.

PMID- 966748
TI  - The energy expenditure of a 5 km cross-country ski run.

PMID- 966749
TI  - Serum sodium and calcium and body temperature during prolonged exercise.

PMID- 966750
TI  - Circulatory responses to submaximal exercise after dehydration and rehydration.

PMID- 966751
TI  - Swine flu: problem or panic.

PMID- 966752
TI  - EKG of the month.

PMID- 966753
TI  - X-ray of the month. Acute emphysematous chalecystitis.

PMID- 966754
TI  - Meningitis in children: laboratory diagnosis.

PMID- 966755
TI  - The metabolism of estriol in the guinea-pig.

PMID- 966756
TI  - The development and application of a radioimmunoassay for 5alpha-androst-16-en
      3alpha-ol in plasma.

PMID- 966757
TI  - The excretion of five different 2-hydroxyoestrogen monomethyl ethers in human
      pregnancy urine.

PMID- 966758
TI  - No effect of oxygen in vivo on plasma or testis testosterone in rats and no
      induction of testicular superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 966759
TI  - Concentration of estradiol, testosterone and progesterone in cerebrospinal fluid
      compared to plasma unbound and total concentrations.

PMID- 966760
TI  - A direct radioiodination technique for the radioimmunoassay of 17alpha-ethynyl,
      17beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one.

PMID- 966761
TI  - Mineralocorticoid effect and molecular structures in cortisol and 9alpha-fluoro
      substituted derivatives.

PMID- 966762
TI  - A practical model for steroid hormone radioimmunoassays.

PMID- 966763
TI  - Circadian rhythms in adrenocortical activity during and after a 36 hour 4-hourly
      sustained administration of metyrapone in humans.

PMID- 966764
TI  - The binding and metabolism of testosterone by the chick oviduct.

PMID- 966765
TI  - Metabolism of testosterone in the isolated perfused rat lungs.

PMID- 966766
TI  - Effect of sulfhydryl and disulfide agents on 3beta and 17beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase and on steroid uptake of Pseudomonas testosteroni.

PMID- 966767
TI  - Koni, kona, kava. orange-beer culture of the Cook islands.
AB  - The orange-beer culture of the Cook Islands is described. Island drinking customs
      were found to have cultlike forms, provide for social integration, and control
      drunken aggression.

PMID- 966768
TI  - Cerebral blood flow and its regional distribution in alcoholism and in
      Korsakoff's psychosis.
AB  - The regional cerebral blood flow in alcoholics decreased with age. This reduction
      may be associated with the length of excessive drinking.

PMID- 966769
TI  - Effects of rate of drinking on human performance.
AB  - Performance on tests of motor control and of central processing of information
      was more impaired in rapid drinkers than in slower drinkers.

PMID- 966770
TI  - Alcohol-induced taste aversion in golden hamsters.
AB  - Multiple injections of alcohol were effective in producing substantial aversions
      to saccharin-flavored water in golden hamsters. A dose of 1.76 g of alcohol per
      kg produced a long-lasting aversion, whereas aversion produced by injections of
      1.17 g per kg extinguished rapidly.

PMID- 966771
TI  - Alcoholics view group therapy. Process and goals.
AB  - Alcoholics ranked certain elements of group therapy as more or less helpful,
      depending on the stage of therapy they were in.

PMID- 966772
TI  - Neighborhood reactions to a community-based treatment center for alcoholics.
AB  - Survey data from residents of a neighborhood located near a controversial
      community-based treatment center for alcoholics were compared with data from a
      similar neighborhood with no treatment facility. The results suggest that
      neighborhood opposition to such facilities may not be as intense as is commonly
      thought.

PMID- 966773
TI  - Reconciling unidimensional and multidimensional models of patterns of drug use.
AB  - Guttman-scale analyses and factor analyses seem to produce contradictory results
      in analyzing patterns of multiple drug use. Guttman-scale analyses usually show
      that drug use fits a unidimensional and cumulative model of involvement; factor
      analyses reject the unidimensional model. The two methods, however, can be
      reconciled. Guttman scaling is appropriate for discerning patterns of drug
      involvement, factor analysis for operationalizing degree of involvement within a
      specific pattern of use.

PMID- 966774
TI  - Women arrested for drunken driving in Boston. Social characteristics and
      circumstances of arrest.
AB  - The social characteristics and circumstances of arrest of 73 women arrested for
      driving while intoxicated and referred to the Boston Alcohol Safety Action
      Project were examined. Driving while intoxicated was a necessary but not
      sufficient condition to accoutn for the arrests.

PMID- 966775
TI  - Effect of a negative stereotype on nurses' attitudes toward an alcoholic patient.
AB  - Nurses' impressions of a hypothetical patient, labeled an alcoholic, were
      strongly influenced by their negative stereotypic views of alcoholics. Nurses
      responded more favorably to the same "patient" when he was not labeled an
      alcoholic even though the behavior of the patient was held constant.

PMID- 966776
TI  - Missouri statewide alcoholism treatment survey.
AB  - Respondents to a statewide survey of alcoholism treatment services throught that
      prevention should be given prime priority consideration.

PMID- 966777
TI  - A.A. and group therapy for alcoholics. An application of the World Hypotheses
      Scale.
AB  - The results of a study suggest that alcoholics with a preference for formistic
      thinking (as defined by Pepper's World Hypotheses) are more likely to benefit
      from participation in Alcholics Anonymous than from group therapy.

PMID- 966778
TI  - Personality traits and moods of alcoholics and heroin addicts.
AB  - No differences in moods were found between alcoholics and drug addicts, but the
      alcoholics were significantly more neurotic than the addicts.

PMID- 966779
TI  - Evaluation of the randomized response technique in a drinking survey.
AB  - A randomized response questionnaire elicited more positive responses from high
      school students on an alcohol-related question than did  a self-report
      questionnaire.

PMID- 966780
TI  - Control orientation in women alcoholics.
AB  - Women alcoholics had higher scores than women social drinkers (indicating greater
      external control orientation) on both the Internal-External Locus of Control
      Scale and a Locus of Drinking Control Scale.

PMID- 966781
TI  - Psychomotor and intellectual development after deep hypothermia and circulatory
      arrest in early infancy.
AB  - Somatic, psychomotor, and intellectual development were studied in 11 patients
      who had total correction of congenital cardiac malformation in early infancy by
      the method of surface-induced deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest up to 43
      minutes. Time between operation and re-evaluation ranged from 3 to 11 years
      (average 7 years). Somatic development was normal in all children. Psychomotor
      and intellectual behavior, measured by a battery of specially adapted test
      methods, failed to show a statistically significant difference when compared
      between the study group, a matched control group, and the normal population.
      Normal scores in psychomotor tests and normal intelligence quotients (I.Q.) were
      present in 8 patients; mental retardation was found in 2 patients: and unstable
      behavior, evident from different tests, was present in one. Except for the last
      case, in none of the patients was the method was found to be the primary cause of
      the abnormal behavior. Deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest in early infancy
      does not appear to have a negative influence on somatic, psychomotor, or
      intellectual development.

PMID- 966782
TI  - Acute clinical hypocalcemic myocardial depression during rapid blood transfusion
      and postoperative hemodialysis: a preventable complication.
AB  - Despite experimental evidence that myocardial depression resulting from rapid
      transfusion of ACD blood (citrate binds ionic calcium) is avoidable by
      simultaneous calcium administration, most hypovolemic patients receive calcium
      either after transfusion or not at all. Similar iatrogenic hypocalcemic
      myocardial depression occurs in normovolemic patients with known myocardial
      damage who are dialyzed for acute uremia when ACD blood prime is used at high
      initial flow rates (350 c.c. per minute) and when dialysis is performed against
      low calcium dialysate (2.5 mEq. per liter or less). This study tests the
      hypotheses that (1) rapid transfusion of as little as one unit of CPD blood
      causes a significant reduction in ionized calcium, (2) the depressive effect of
      CPD blood is significant and similar to that of ACD blood, (3) rapid blood
      transfusion (ACD or CPD) is safe if calcium is given simultaneously, (4) addition
      of calcium to the extracorporeal heparinized blood prime used in dialysis
      prevents initial depression, and (5) hemodynamic instability during dialysis is
      prevented when the dialysate is normocalcemic. From the results of our study, we
      made the following conclusions: (1) Ionized calcium is reduced significantly by
      rapid transfusion of CPD blood; (2) acute myocardial depression noted with CPD
      blood is similar to that previously observed with ACD blood and is prevented
      during transfusion of either type of blood by simultaneous calcium
      administration; and (3) hemodialysis in patients who have had cardiac surgery is
      safe if calcium is added to blood prime and dialysate is made normocalcemic.

PMID- 966783
TI  - Preoperative assessment of esophageal pathology.
AB  - Panmural esophagitis results in esophageal thickening and shortening and prevents
      adequate reduction of a hernia. Twenty patients with panmural esophagitis,
      treated by Belsey repair, have been followed up for more than 5 years; 9 of them
      remain asymptomatic and 11 have symptomatic reflux, 7 of whom have required
      further surgery. Belsey also has reported a 45 per cent recurrence rate in
      patients with this type of disease. Preoperative recognition of panmural
      esophagitis allows a planned surgical approach and the use of a surgical
      technique designed for the management of an irreducible hernia. The ability to
      predict these changes was studied in 124 patients, who were evaluated by history,
      radiology, endoscopy, and manometry prior to transthoracic hernia repair. The
      esophagus was inspected at operation to determine the presence of panmural
      changes. History was of no value in assessment. Radiologically, a large and
      irreducible hernia was associated with panmural changes, but these changes also
      occurred in the absence of ulceration. Manometric studies allowed accurate
      prediction of mural changes. Over 90 per cent of patients with panmural
      esophagitis have more than 40 per cent disordered motor activity (DMA) in the
      distal part of the esophagus, and 75 per cent of such patients have more than 60
      per cent DMA. Combining these investigative data allowed the accurate prediction
      of panmural changes in 90 per cent of the 124 patients.

PMID- 966784
TI  - Management of acid-peptic esophageal strictures.
AB  - Eighty-nine patients with benign acid-peptic strictures of the esophagus were
      evaluated. Of these, 56 patients were treated by dilatation and medical therapy,
      whereas 33 underwent operative therapy because medical therapy failed. Three
      patients, all psychotic and having post-emetic strictures, required resection of
      the stricture and a colon interposition. Twenty-nine patients underwent a Belsey
      or Nissen fundoplication combined with esophageal dilatation. Fourteen of 29 had
      an associated vagotomy and 15 did not. Two patients of this 29 had a poor result,
      one of whom had a post-emetic stricture. Although the patients having a
      concurrent vagotomy and pyloroplasty had the more severe disease,there was no
      significant difference between the results in the two groups. It is concluded
      that most patients with such esophageal strictures may be adequately treated
      without resecting the stricture and that the routine addition of a vagotomy and
      drainage procedure is probably not indicated.

PMID- 966785
TI  - Prosthetic reconstruction of the trachea and carina.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with tracheal stenosis owing to benign stricture and
      malignancy have had airway reconstruction with a molded silicone rubber
      prosthesis. In 8 patients the distal trachea and carina were replaced with a
      bifurcated graft. One individual with respiratory insufficiency could not be
      weaned from the respirator and died in 3 weeks. Two other patients with
      malignancy died 15 and 18 months following operation from disseminated cancer.
      The remainder are living from 1 to 5 years postoperatively. Eighteen individuals
      have had the trachea reconstructed with a straight graft of silicone rubber. In 5
      patients with long strictures the prosthesis was invaginated into the upper and
      lower ends of the trachea. Thirteen individuals had circumferential resection of
      the airway with end-to-end anastomosis of the graft to the trachea. There was one
      early death from erosion of the innominate artery and 5 late deaths unrelated to
      the prosthesis.

PMID- 966786
TI  - A hermetically sealed mercury cell pacemaker: advantages and early clinical
      results.
AB  - Despite the known advantages of hermetic encapsulation of implanted pacemakers,
      only a few conventionally powered models are totally hermetically sealed, and
      most of them are not yet clinically available. This report describes the results
      with a mercury cell unit which has been in clinical use since 1970 and has been
      totally hermetically sealed since 1974. The lowered premature failure rate with
      the newer model substantiates the theoretical advantages of hermetic
      encapsulation. The rate behavior of the pulse generator, upon which our telephone
      follow-up system is based, is essentially the same for both models.

PMID- 966787
TI  - Permanent pervenous atrial sensing and pacing with a new J-shaped lead.
AB  - We have developed a new J-shaped lead for atrial pacing. The lead has silicone
      rubber tines which become entangled in the trabeculae and thereby anchor the lead
      firmly in the left atrial appendage. Later, scar tissue forms around the tines,
      rather than around the electrode, so that there is no problem with either lead
      displacement or loss of sensing.

PMID- 966788
TI  - Aberrant left pulmonary artery presenting as a right paratracheal mass in an
      adult.
AB  - Aberrant left pulmonary artery, or pulmonary sling, is a rare variation of the
      pulmonary vasculature, with only one previous report of the condition being
      recognized in an adult. In this report a second case recognized de novo in an
      adult is presented. Both of these adults were evaluated because of right
      paratracheal masses which required differentiation from pulmonary malignancies.
      The barium swallow shows a characteristic indentation of the anterior esophageal
      wall and the lateral tomogram demonstrates absence of the left pulmonary artery
      from its normal position in the left hilum. The pulmonary arteriogram is
      diagnostic and allows avoidance of more invasive diagnostic measures.

PMID- 966789
TI  - Chondrosarcoma simulating malignant atrial myxoma.
AB  - A 69-year-old patient underwent removal of a left atrial tumor which was
      diagnosed clinically and pathologically as atrial myxoma. Fourteen, 18 and 22
      months later, distant metastases were discovered. Two of the metastases were
      removed entirely and one partially. The metastatic tumors were also thought to be
      of myxomatous origin by light and electron microscopy. Only at autopsy was it
      demonstrated that the patient had a primary chondrosarcoma of the pelvis giving
      rise to widespread myxoid metastases to the heart and other sites.

PMID- 966790
TI  - Silent, chronic, massive pulmonary thromboembolism masquerading as bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - A unique case is described of a 64-year-old white woman who had silent
      thromboembolic occlusion of the right pulmonary artery. Over the ensuing months,
      severe pulmonary hypertension developed, as manifested by marked dilatation and
      atherosclerosis of the right and left pulmonary arteries and severe right
      ventricular hypertrophy. Nevertheless, she remained fully ambulatory and felt
      generally well throughout this time. Eventually, however, the pulmonary arteries
      became so dilated that they compressed the recurrent laryngeal nerve as it looped
      under the aortic arch, and it was the resulting hoarseness that first caused the
      patient to seek medical attention. A work-up disclosed normal peripheral lung
      fields on x-ray study and a large dense right hilar mass. Accordingly, the
      patient was subjected to an exploratory thoracotomy on the reasonable but
      mistaken diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. After the following operation, her
      condition deteriorated. She developed bronchopneumonia which, when superimposed
      on her already precariously reduced cardiopulmonary function, precipitated
      respiratory insufficiency. An independent stroke was the immediate cause of
      death.

PMID- 966791
TI  - A new method of producing pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass using a
      standard roller pump.
AB  - A new method for producing pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass is
      described. The method requires only the addition of a dilated segment in the
      tubing which passes beneath the arc of a standard roller pump. Preliminary
      studies demonstrate that pulsatile flow and pressure with physiologic contours
      can be produced by this "bubble tube" system. Furthermore, the new tubing causes
      less hemolysis than standard pump tubing.

PMID- 966792
TI  - The Waterston anastomosis with no deaths in the neonate.
AB  - The Waterston anastomosis has been performed with no deaths in 11 consecutive
      neonates during the past 24 months. Seven neonates had pulmonary atresia with
      either single ventricle or hypoplastic right ventricle, 3 had tetralogy of
      Fallot, and one had severe pulmonary stenosis with a normal right ventricle. Six
      neonates were one day old and only one was older than 7 days. All have obtained
      symptomatic and documented (increase Po2) benefit. This level of success is
      attributed to (1) minimal delay between the  recognition of cyanosis and
      operation (mean time between hospital admission and catheterization was 3 hours
      and between catheterization and operation, 4 hours); (2) correction of any base
      deficit prior to, during, and after operation; (3) accurate construction of the
      anastomosis to avoid excessive size, and (4) careful postoperative management of
      the pulmonary subsystem by experienced personnel. We have demonstrated that the
      high mortality rate previously reported for the Waterston anastomosis in the
      neonate can be markedly improved by an appropriate patient management program.

PMID- 966793
TI  - Surgical management of life-threatening coronary artery disease: experience in 18
      consecutive patients with left main trunk or equivalent coronary artery
      obstruction associated with an obstructed or a nondominant right coronary artery.
AB  - Eighteen patients with obstruction of the left main trunk or equivalent coronary
      artery associated with an obstructed or a nondominant right coronary artery were
      studied. All patients had coronary artery bypass surgery because of their
      symptoms and coronary anatomy. Five patients had coronary artery bypass without
      the use of preoperative elective intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, and 3 of
      these patients had cardiac arrest prior to insertion of the grafts. The other 13
      patients received elective intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation prior to
      induction of anesthesia and cannulation. None in this second group of patients
      developed any hypotensive episodes or cardiac arrest, and all have done well
      following the bypass operation. This experience suggests that the use of elective
      preoperative intra-aortic balloon assist in patients who have a very critical
      coronary artery obstruction is indicated in view of the high incidence of cardiac
      arrest observed in patients who did not receive the preoperative elective intra
      aortic balloon support.

PMID- 966794
TI  - Homograft replacement of the trachea using immunosuppression.
AB  - The experiments were divided into three-ring and five-ring autografts and
      allografts. In the animals receiving allografts, the trachea was exchanged
      between paired animals which were preoperatively immunosuppressed with Imuran
      (azathioprine) and postoperatively given Decadron (dexamethasone). Seven of the
      14 dogs receiving a three-ring allograft survived until put to death months after
      the operation. Postmortem examination demonstrated a patent airway, but the
      cartilaginous rings were absent and the proximal and distal suture lines were
      approximated. By contrast, none of the dogs receiving the five-ring allografts
      survived beyond 29 days. In all, the cartilage had disappeared and the
      intervening fibrous tissue had collapsed and constricted the airway. On the other
      hand, in animals in which the trachea was simply transected and resutured over an
      area of seven to ten rings, leaving membranous portion intact, the trachea was
      entirely normal when the animals were put to death. It is concluded that tracheal
      replacement with an allograft is not feasible, even with immunosuppression. It is
      the blood supply to the grafted segment which precludes success.

PMID- 966795
TI  - Gunshot wounds of the esophagus.
AB  - During a 4 year period between 1970 and 1974 there were eleven esophageal gunshot
      wounds representing 52 per cent of the total esophageal perforations. The
      increased incidence of esophageal gunshot wounds reflects the higher rate of
      civilian gunshot injuries. There were six perforations in the cervical portion of
      the esophagus and five in the thoracic portion, with three located above the
      aortic arch, one in the midesophagus, and one in the lower third. Symptoms are
      less diagnostic than in esophageal perforations from other causes because the
      gunshot wound tends to mask the complaints related to mediastinitis. The signs
      are similar. In 9 patients free air was present in the neck or mediastinum and in
      10 patients the diagnosis was confirmed by barium swallow. Of the 2 patients
      without free air, one had a lateral thoracic wound and esophageal injury was not
      suspected; the diagnosis was made by drainage of oral feeding through a
      thoracostomy and confirmed by barium swallow. In the other patient the
      perforation was found during surgery for hemothorax. Primary repair with drainage
      was done in the group with cervical injuries. All survived with no serious
      complications. In the group with thoracic injuries, fistulas developed in 2 of 3
      patients who had primary repair with drainage. Two patients with extensive
      injuries of the esophagus treated by defunctionalization did well but required a
      second procedure. It is concluded that gunshot wounds of the cervical esophagus,
      if treated promptly by suture and drainage, will do well. Thoracic injuries
      represent a more difficult problem and it is suggested that defunctionalization
      of the esophagus is the safest procedure, particularly if damage is extensive.

PMID- 966796
TI  - Optimal diameter of the stent for aortic valvular grafts. I. Studies on valve
      function and geometry.

PMID- 966797
TI  - Effect of thoracotomy upon the carotid sinus control of regional hemodynamics in
      the dog.
AB  - The effects of bilateral thoracotomy upon the operating characteristics of the
      carotid sinus reflex were examined in 11 vagotomized dogs. Pressure-flow
      relationships in the aorta, celiac, mesenteric, renal, and femoral arteries were
      studied as a function of pressure in the isolated carotid sinuses. These
      relationships were analyzed to give the carotid sinus reflex operating point
      values and sensitivities of pressure, flow, impedance, and power for each
      regional vascular bed. Following thoracotomy there was a significant fall in the
      closed-loop operating point pressure (CLOP) ( p less than 0.005). The operating
      point values and sensitivities for each regional flow and resistance together
      with the corresponding mean and oscillatory kinetic and pressure power were not
      significantly altered by thoracotomy. Renal characteristic impedance at the
      operating point significantly increased following thoracotomy (p less than 0.05),
      as did the aortic characteristic impedance for carotid sinus pressures (CSP)
      above the closed-loop operating point. The operating sensitivity of renal
      characteristic impedance was decreased (p less than 0.05). Possible mechanisms
      underlying these changes are discussed.

PMID- 966798
TI  - Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.
AB  - Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a relatively
      rarer congenital anomaly which almost exclusively involves the left coronary
      artery. A previously healthy 25-year-old woman had a cardiopulmonary arrest.
      Following resuscitation, investigations revealed an even rarer anomaly, an
      anomalous right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery. Successful
      surgical repair was accomplished by reimplanting the right coronary artery into
      the aortic root. The patient is currently asymptomatic 2 years postoperatively.
      The pertinent literature is reviewed.

PMID- 966799
TI  - Glucocorticoid protection of the myocardial cell membrane and the reduction of
      edema in experimental acute myocardial ischemia.
AB  - A possible protective effect of glucocorticoids on the ischemic myocardium was
      investigated in in situ dog hearts subjected to regional ischemia and in isolated
      rat hearts subjected to global ischemia. In the whole-animal preparation, the
      left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 3 hours, or for 2
      1/2 hours followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Dexamethasone phosphate was
      randomly administered (20 mg. per kilogram intravenously) after 15 minutes of
      ischemia. Its effects were studied on the following: (1) myocardial cell membrane
      integrity, using electron microscopic examination of tissue biopsies treated with
      colloidal lanthanum; (2) myocardial water content, measuring the wet/dry weight
      of myocardial tissue; (3) ischemic injury, by a count of fuchsinophilic cells at
      light microscopy. In isolated rat hearts, ischemia was produced by a 60 per cent
      reduction of coronary flow. Randomized hearts were perfused for 2 hours with
      dexamethasone, 15 mg. per milliliter in buffered salt solution. Study included
      determination of tissue water content and coronary vascular resistance. Lanthanum
      was confined to the extracellular spaces in normal dog myocardium, but it was
      found all intracellularly after 3 hours of ischemia or after reperfusion. This
      was associated with morphologic changes characteristic of irreversible cell
      injury. In the hearts treated with dexamethasone, lanthanum remained excluded
      from the cells, water content was less (p less than 0.005), and fuchsinophilia
      less severe (p less than 0.005). Likewise, water content was less (p less than
      0.005) and the increase in coronary vascular resistance resulting from ischemia
      less severe (p less than 0.005) in the dexamethasone-treated isolated rat hearts.
      Thus dexamethasone administered in pharmacologic doses, early, appeared to
      stabilize the cell membrane, limit myocardial edema, and reduce the severity of
      injury, both during ischemia and upon reperfusion.

PMID- 966800
TI  - Cor triatriatum: masked by complex congenital cardiac anomalies.
AB  - The radiographic, angiographic, hemodynamic, and surgical features of 2 cases of
      cor triatriatum complicated by other cardiac anomalies are presented. In the
      first case, the patient had tetralogy of Fallot, the scimitar syndrome, and left
      ventricular obstruction. In the second case the patient had truncus arteriosus.
      The first case was revealed only after augmentation of pulmonary flow by an aorta
      pulmonary artery anastomosis. In the second case, the diagnosis was
      retrospectively suggested by certain angiographic and hemodynamic clues. The
      prospective diagnosis was made only after a modified Rastelli procedure for
      truncus arteriosus. The difficulties encountered in making the diagnosis in both
      cases are discussed. It is stressed that a high index of suspicion, thorough
      accumulation and examination of hemodynamic data, and excellent angiograms and
      plain film radiography are all necessary to an early diagnosis of cor triatriatum
      when the latter is complicated by other congenital heart anomalies.

PMID- 966801
TI  - [Early diagnosis of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 966802
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase activity in the epithelial cells of the endometrium during
      dysfunctional bleeding].

PMID- 966803
TI  - [Estriol/creatinine ratio in the determination of the condition of the feto
      placental unit].

PMID- 966804
TI  - [Struma ovarii].

PMID- 966805
TI  - [Case of stromal endometriosis of the uterus].

PMID- 966806
TI  - [Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) in the diagnosis of risk pregnancy].

PMID- 966807
TI  - [Synergetic effect of hypertonic NaCl solution and PGF 2 alpha in induced
      abortion of the second trimester].

PMID- 966808
TI  - [Diagnosis of early forms of cervix carcinoma].

PMID- 966809
TI  - [Complications of neglected genital prolapses].

PMID- 966810
TI  - Doctors in management: the machinery in practice.

PMID- 966811
TI  - Endocrine studies during the refeeding of young women with nutritional amenorrhea
      and infertility.
AB  - Serial endocrine studies were performed during the refeeding of a group of nine
      young women who presented with amenorrhea associated with injudicious dieting. No
      significant psychopathology was disclosed by the Lanyon Psychological Screening
      Inventory in any of the patients, six of whom were single and three married and
      infertile. The mean weight before refeeding was 81.6% of the normal for height.
      The mean initial serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentration was within the
      limits of normal for young women of reproductive age, but the serum luteinizing
      hormone (LH) concentration and the vaginal maturation score were low. As weight
      was regained, the serum LH concentration increased (the pooled r for LH versus
      percent normal weight = 0.85) and the vaginal maturation score rose (the pooled r
      for vaginal maturation score versus percent normal weight = 0.93). When a mean
      weight of 96.6% of normal was reached after a mean of 5.3 (range, 2 to 11) months
      of refeeding, spontaneous menses occurred. The initial cycle was ovulatory in two
      instances and anovulatory in five, as determined by basal body temperature
      patterns, plasma progesterone concentrations, and endometrial biopsies. With
      continued weight gain, menstruation became regular and the three married patients
      conceived.

PMID- 966812
TI  - Hormones and preantral follicle growth in women.
AB  - Studies of follicular morphology in biopsies of human ovarian tissue obtained
      from women with a syndrome of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have been reviewed.
      Follicular maturation was consistent with that seen in ovarian tissues removed at
      postmortem examination of infants. Similarly, follicular maturation was inhibited
      in ovaries of women receiving oral contraceptive preparations consisting of a
      mixture of an estrogen and a progestogen. Considered together, ovarian morphology
      in these two states of relative gonadotropin deficiency suggests that initiation
      and progression of follicular maturation require adequate quantities of
      gonadotropins. The stimulatory effects of gonadotropin on preantral stages of
      follicular maturation are mediated by estrogen in rat ovaries. Failure to observe
      follicular maturation in ovaries of women with a congenital inability to
      synthesize estrogen in response to stimulation by gonadotropin suggests that the
      steroid may play a similar role in initiating follicular maturation in women.

PMID- 966813
TI  - Time study of effects of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin on surface
      characteristics of granulosa cells in rat ovaries.
AB  - A single injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) into immature
      female rats was used to stimulate graafian follicle growth. The surface of
      granulosa cells in the growing follicles was examined at 12-hour intervals for 72
      hours by scanning electron microscopy. Between 24 and 36 hours after injection of
      PMSG, microvillous processes appeared on the surface of the cells. These villous
      processes became fully developed at 48 hours and remained for at least 72 hours
      after PMSG injection. The significance of this PMSG-induced microvilli formation
      on granulosa cells is discussed.

PMID- 966814
TI  - Some questions related to melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
AB  - A number of questions remain unsettled about the release of melanocyte
      stimulating hormone (MSH) and about its function. Even though relatively few
      investigators are studying this area, some generalities have emerged during the
      last 10 years. It now seems that release of MSH from the pituitary is inhibited
      by a substance present in the hypothalamus. The structure of this physiologic
      inhibitor of MSH release may still not be considered an established entity but
      there is evidence for additional mechanisms capable of exerting a fine control on
      the release of MSH. Contrary to some opinions, the release of MSH does not always
      occur together with the release of ACTH, and the release of the two hormones can
      be dissociated in several laboratory and clinical situations. In addition, many
      studies have shown that the pituitary peptide, MSH, exerts behavioral and
      electroencephalographic effects in both the rat and man. The hypothalamic peptide
      Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF-I) also has direct effects on the central nervous system
      that may include alleviation of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 966815
TI  - The diagnosis and natural history of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - The present study of 71 patients shows that the initial symptoms often cannot
      differentiate spinal cord arteriovenous malformation from other lesions causing
      cord dysfunction, but the picture at the time of presentation may suggest the
      diagnosis. Most patients are males with neurologic findings referable to the
      thoracolumbar area who present with gradually progressive pain, weadness, sensory
      distubance, and disturbance of micturition. Early impairment of micturition may
      help suggest this lesion because it is less likely to be an early complaint in
      patients with disk disease or tumor affecting the spinal cord. Symptoms
      occasionally vary with posture and exercise and menses. Most commonly there are
      combined upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron manifestations with
      nonradicular sensory deficit. The cerebrospinal fluid is abnormal in more than
      75% of cases. The myelogram is positivie in 75 to 90% of cases and the angiogram
      is almost always diagnostic.

PMID- 966816
TI  - Intrasynovial injection of steroids uses and abuses.
AB  - Intra-articular injection of steroids is a valuable method of treatment, but
      selection of the appropriate clinical setting is required to obtain maximal
      benefits and to minimize the complications. All intra-articular injections must
      be performed under strict aseptic technique. The rheumatoid patient with one or
      two joints that resist systemic therapy and the patient with an occasional
      osteoarthritic joint with an acute inflammation are amenable to this treatment.
      The patient who has acute attacks of tendinitis, pseudogout, or bursitis will
      obtain significant benefits. Selected patients with traumatic and acute gouty
      arthritis also may benefit. Repetitive injections appear to be contra-indicated
      as they may create an environment conducive to joint destruction.

PMID- 966817
TI  - Serum lipids in chronic renal failure.
AB  - The serum lipids and lipoprotein patterns in 100 adult patients with nonnephrotic
      chronic renal failure were analyzed retrospectively. Hypertriglyceridemia was
      found in 43% of these patients. Forty-nine of the 100 had a normal lipoprotein
      pattern, whereas 42 had type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. This abnormal lipoprotein
      pattern could not be correlated with the degree of renal impairment, the type of
      renal disease, or with the patient's age, sex, weight, or diet.

PMID- 966818
TI  - Pancreatic insufficiency with diabetes mellitus, Addison's disease, primary
      hypothyroidism and primary ovarian failure: an additional feature of
      polyglandular insufficiency.

PMID- 966819
TI  - Evaluation of the vasculature of the hand: remember the Allen test.

PMID- 966820
TI  - Radiological case of the month.

PMID- 966821
TI  - Early recognition of alcoholism and other drug dependence.

PMID- 966822
TI  - Morphological changes in aging cell lines of Paramecium aurelia. II. Macronuclear
      alterations.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of aging P. aurelia showed that the macronucleus
      undergoes characteristic structural changes. The surface of the aging
      macronucleus was highly invaginated. Compared with young macronuclei, the
      chromatin bodies appeared to be smaller and condensed, and were fewer per unit
      area of the aging macronucleus. The nucleolar bodies also showed morphological
      alterations. In many aging macronuclei the nucleolar bodies appeared to be
      aggregated. Large ring-shaped or coiled loops of nucleoli were also observed.
      These changes in the ultrastructure of macronucleus in the aging paramecia
      suggest that the macronucleus in the aging cells is less active in the synthesis
      of macromolecules and transport of material to the cytoplasm.

PMID- 966823
TI  - Development of the aging cell surface: a freeze-fracture analysis of gap
      junctions between human embryo fibroblasts aging in culture. A brief note.
AB  - Gap junctions have been identified between cells in late passage cultures of
      human embryo fibroblasts using techniques of freeze-fracture and electron
      microscopy. The junctions are sparsely distributed, which may suggest a decrease
      in electrotonic and metabolic coupling with increased age in culture.

PMID- 966824
TI  - [Hepatomegaly. II. Causes of hepatomegaly].

PMID- 966825
TI  - [Iatrogenic hyperinsulinism. The Somogyi syndrome].

PMID- 966826
TI  - [Unusual tumors of the vulva].

PMID- 966827
TI  - [Our experiences in the immunosuppressive treatment of chronic
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 966828
TI  - [Changes on the heart and arterial pressure under the influence of sports in
      sportsmen of various sport disciplines].

PMID- 966829
TI  - [Genetic factors in coronary disease].

PMID- 966830
TI  - [Pathophysiological characteristics of cerebrovascular disease and principles of
      conservative treatment].

PMID- 966831
TI  - [Bromthalein test in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and anicterous form
      of infectious hepatitis].

PMID- 966832
TI  - [Education in administration].

PMID- 966833
TI  - [The bible of Alcoholics Anonymous--a critical review].

PMID- 966834
TI  - [Why not a Regional Health University in Sweden?].

PMID- 966835
TI  - [Striking antagonism between government and industry at a phamaceutic "world
      meeting". Both research and information are essential to give the world new and
      better drugs].

PMID- 966836
TI  - [Radiographic study of the paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 966837
TI  - [Letter: Methionine treatment].

PMID- 966838
TI  - [Genetic aspects of alcoholism and criminality in the light of an adoption
      series].

PMID- 966839
TI  - [Experiences with attempts to restore fertility to vasectomized men].

PMID- 966841
TI  - [Occupational health care--luxurious health care?].

PMID- 966840
TI  - [Women's experience of local anesthesia in early legal abortions].

PMID- 966842
TI  - [Occupational health care of tomorrow--demands and expectations].

PMID- 966843
TI  - [Drug industry's court of honor gives chance for total insight].

PMID- 966844
TI  - [Is acute mastoiditis still a risk in otitis in children?].

PMID- 966845
TI  - [Acute neurology at Sodersjukhuset (South Hospital)].

PMID- 966846
TI  - [Syphilitic hepatitis in early syphilis].

PMID- 966847
TI  - [Carbamazepine in cases of alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 966848
TI  - [What happens in inflamed joints? LBP-measurements (large molecular size binding
      protein can give the answer].

PMID- 966849
TI  - "Gustava" opens a new world to electron microscope scientists.

PMID- 966850
TI  - [Current thinking: to force stored cholesterol to leave the vascular wall].

PMID- 966851
TI  - [Letter: Squamous epithelial cancer derived from venereal condylomata].

PMID- 966852
TI  - [WHO-statistics, a panorama of diseases and health care program].

PMID- 966853
TI  - [Reality-adapted health care methods or possibly the reverse].

PMID- 966854
TI  - [Letter: Manual therapy of neck and back trouble].

PMID- 966855
TI  - [Pneumoconiosis in Sweden].

PMID- 966856
TI  - [It is extremely important to maintain legal rights in cases of forcible
      restraint].

PMID- 966857
TI  - [Account of facts].

PMID- 966858
TI  - [Experience with mammography].

PMID- 966859
TI  - [Abortion incidence and medical legislation in Scandinavia].

PMID- 966860
TI  - [Orthostatic syndrome among old people].

PMID- 966861
TI  - [Extreme hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 966862
TI  - [Legal genetic examination in paternity cases].

PMID- 966863
TI  - [WHO myocardial infarct registry].

PMID- 966864
TI  - [Letter: Review on cephalosporin--replay].

PMID- 966865
TI  - [Crohn's disease].

PMID- 966866
TI  - [Clindamycin induced pseudomembraneous colitis].

PMID- 966867
TI  - [Follow-up study of patients from the drug addiction department at Danderyd
      hospital].

PMID- 966868
TI  - [Microsurgery in neurosurgery].

PMID- 966869
TI  - [Development of disease among 85 alcoholics who voluntarily sought outpatient
      care].

PMID- 966870
TI  - [Insufficient hospital-industrial physician relations].

PMID- 966871
TI  - Subdural hematoma difficult to diagnose in alcoholic intoxication.

PMID- 966872
TI  - [A physician and an optician received a warning].

PMID- 966873
TI  - [Misinterpreted x-ray images. A physician was warned].

PMID- 966874
TI  - [Hearing damage caused by chlorhexidine].

PMID- 966875
TI  - [Medical record read carelessly].

PMID- 966876
TI  - [Prevention is the primary purpose in school health].

PMID- 966877
TI  - [Development of surgical activities in thoracosurgical clinics in Sweden, 1969
      1974].

PMID- 966878
TI  - [Why not thoracosurgical marginal education?].

PMID- 966879
TI  - [What is the significance of the immune system in the etiology of cancer?].

PMID- 966880
TI  - [Stroke--can we afford specialized care?].

PMID- 966881
TI  - [Do people dare to seek psychiatric care after having seen the film "One flew
      over the cuckoo's nest"?].

PMID- 966882
TI  - [A revolutionary layman takes a look at Ethiopian health care].

PMID- 966883
TI  - [Stop prescribing sedatives and hypnotics for alcoholics!].

PMID- 966884
TI  - [Evaluation of brief psychotherapy. Report from a pilot study at the psychiatric
      clinic, Karolinska Hospital].

PMID- 966885
TI  - [Congenital dislocation of the hip joint. A report from Malmo].

PMID- 966886
TI  - [Indications for internal carotid artery surgery].

PMID- 966887
TI  - [Water pollution by nitrates in an agricultural district].

PMID- 966888
TI  - [X-ray pathology in the West Indies].

PMID- 966889
TI  - [Routine urography before prostatectomy--luxury or necessity?].

PMID- 966890
TI  - [Treatment of tuberculosis. A care program carried out by a working group in the
      Swedish Pulmonary Medical Society].

PMID- 966891
TI  - [Surgery in Red Cross service in Angola].

PMID- 966892
TI  - [Various methods of venapuncture with special reference to dialysis and long-term
      infusion].

PMID- 966893
TI  - [Practical problems in the treatment of metabolic alkalosis with hydrochloric
      acid].

PMID- 966894
TI  - [A diagnosis register for somatic diseases useful in routine medical care].

PMID- 966895
TI  - [Day medical care--5 years experience from a county hospital].

PMID- 966896
TI  - [Psychiatric consultation activity of in-patients at a general hospital].

PMID- 966897
TI  - [Miracle doctors in the Philippines Islands].

PMID- 966898
TI  - Encoding self-embedded sentences.

PMID- 966899
TI  - Comparison of differences in dialect speech among black college students grouped
      by standard English test performance.

PMID- 966900
TI  - A new method of measuring meaning.

PMID- 966902
TI  - Digital gating of speech signals.

PMID- 966901
TI  - Schizophrenic speech: a factor-analytic approach.

PMID- 966903
TI  - Intervocalic double consonant articulations in Ceylon Tamil: a palatographic
      study on lengthening.

PMID- 966904
TI  - Sentence comprehension and short-term memory: some developmental considerations.

PMID- 966905
TI  - The effect of intonational emphasis on sentence comprehension in severely
      subnormal and normal children.

PMID- 966906
TI  - A psycholinguistic study of English stress assignment rules.

PMID- 966907
TI  - [Surgery of acute cholecystitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 966908
TI  - [Aerodynamic analysis of a new sterile operating enclosure, and comparative
      bacteriologic testing between a conventional operating theatre and a sterile
      enclosure during sham operations (author's transl)].
AB  - An aerodynamic and bacteriological evaluation of a new sterile operating
      enclosure has been undertaken, comparing it with a conventional operating theatre
      under sham operating conditions with or without coincident use of either a
      surgical helmet or surgical face mask. Statistical analysis of these studies show
      the bacterial level in the sterile enclosure at the wound site is significantly
      lower than in ordinary operating theatre conditions whereas the use of a helmet
      with evacuating ducts effects these findings insignificantly.

PMID- 966909
TI  - [Pathogenesis and clinics of gastric stump carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Statistics of postmortem examinations and retrospective long-term observations
      indicate a disposition of the resected stomach for the development of a primary
      carcinoma. The risk to develop a carcinoma after resection for peptic ulcer shows
      a two- to three-fold increase compared to gastric cancer mortality of the normal
      population. Because of the lack of typical symptoms for gastric stump cancer
      surgical treatment will occur late and the 5-years survival rate is only 1.38%.
      The cause of the increased cancer risk after gastric resection seems to be the
      atrophic gastritis in the gastric remnant which is found after a few years.

PMID- 966910
TI  - [Release of 14c-chloramphenicol in the rabbit femur implanted with
      polymethylmetacrylate (author's transl)].
AB  - In vitro studies and animal experiments were started for the purpose of following
      the migration of chloramphenicol marked with 14C from polymerised
      polymethylmetacrylate cylinders. Test-cylinders were submerged in a physiological
      saline solution and the 14C concentration followed over a period of 34 days. Two
      series were started with the cylinders being submerged at intervals of 5 and 40
      min after the start of polymerisation. These in vitro studies showed that
      initially the migration of active substances marked with 14C from the plastic
      cylinders was extremely high but remained then constant over the whole test
      period. Over a period of at least 20 days a higher 14C migration was evident in
      those cylinders submerged in the elution 5 min after the start of polymerisation.
      In our in vivo studies we implanted test-cylinders into the femur of rabbits. The
      migration of active substances marked with 14C resulted in 14C-concentrations
      being present in the surrounding tissues. During the phase of exudation,
      depending on the operative process, the concentration increased and reached
      values that remained constant during the phase of recanalisation of the
      surrounding tissues over a period of up to 6 weeks. Thereafter the concentration
      of active substances fell. The max. concentration rates of active substances
      within the boundary layer were between 15 and 20 mug/g humidity weight. After 8
      weeks we found concentration rates of approx. 1 mug/g humidity weight. On
      examining the 14C distribution within the implanted plastic cylinders we observed
      that in the course of time the boundary layer increased in thickness and a
      concentration gradient towards the centre had developed. The spread of diffusion
      gradually seized the deeper layers so that a long-lasting presence of active
      substances may be expected.

PMID- 966911
TI  - [Hydatid disease of liver and its complications (author's transl)].
AB  - This is a report on 121 cases of hydatid disease of liver. The alteration of the
      false cyst, explaining the most common complications of the disease, is
      discussed. Complications were present in 61 (50.41%) of our 121 patients:
      calcification in 13.22%, infection in 10.74%, perforation in bile ducts in 9.91%,
      thorax in 5.78% and abdominal cavity in 10.74% of our cases. Diagnostic
      importances of clinical findings, immunoelectrophoretic studies and radioisotopic
      liverscanning is emphasized. In 28 cases the complete excision of cysts were
      carried out, in 110 cases only removal of the hydatid membrane was performed.
      Other therapeutic methods are discussed. Of 108 treated patients 7 died
      postoperatively: they were all over 70 years old.

PMID- 966912
TI  - Division of posterior cricoid plate in young children with subglottic stenosis.
AB  - Subglottic stenosis was corrected surgically in three young children. The key
      surgical maneuver is the anterior and posterior division of the cricoid
      cartilage. Endoscopic, xerographic and speech assessments have been done at
      intervals since decannulation. The anterior commissure is widened and the
      endolarynx deformed in two children examined. Radiographic studies indicated that
      increased airway diameters have been maintained to date. Speech has been
      adversely affected to some degree in all three patients.

PMID- 966913
TI  - Bifid epiglottis: a rare laryngeal anomaly.
AB  - Two cases of bifid epiglottis are presented: one with an associated laryngeal
      cyst and another with an associated cricoid stenosis. The occurrence of multiple
      laryngeal anomalies in association with bifid epiglottis has not previously been
      described. The occurrence of an extra digit is noted to be statistically
      significant both in the current series and in a review of the literature. A brief
      review of the embryologic classification and staging by the Carnegie System, and
      the correlation of the time sequence of development of the epiglottis is
      presented. No correlation is made as to the mechanism of the origin of this
      laryngeal anomaly, as adequate embryologic knowledge of the development of the
      pharynx is not available at this time.

PMID- 966914
TI  - Patterns of anomalies in children with malformed ears.
AB  - Sixteen children with anomalies of the auricle and/or middle ear who presented
      malformations of the face, mouth, upper airway, spine, limbs, heart,
      gastrointestinal (GI), and/or genitourinary (GU) systems, were described. While
      clusters of anomalies suggested syndromes such as the oculo-auriculo-vertebral
      syndrome of Goldenhar, hamifacial microsomia, mandibulo-facial dysostosis
      (Treacher Collins syndrome), Pierre Robin, Klippel-Feil, Moebius, Duane, and/or
      VATER syndromes, many children did not fit what are usually considered even
      minimal criteria for these syndromes. Several children had malformations which
      fit the description of more than one syndrome. The importance of investigating
      the children for unsuspected anomalies, especially of the GU system, was
      emphasized. Life threatening problems in this group consisted of airway problems,
      congenital heart disease, and major anomalies of the GI and GU systems. Better
      management of sucking, swallowing and airway problems might have decreased the
      early morbidity and mortality (3/16) in this group. Children with multiple
      defacing anomalies may not be mentally retarded so that aggressive management of
      their visceral anomalies and hearing problems, and early educational intervention
      are mandatory. Delay in development may be due to hearing loss, vestibular
      impairment, ataxia, the consequences of early malnutrition, and multiple
      hospitalizations rather than to mental retardation. A pessimistic attitude in
      infancy is unwarranted since it is impossible to predict which children will end
      up competitive individuals.

PMID- 966915
TI  - Recurrent meningitis secondary to idiopathic oval window CSF leak.
AB  - Bacterial meningitis remains a life-threatening infection even in the present
      antibiotic era; thus, any abnormality which predisposes a patient to a recurrence
      of this serious disease, must be identified and corrected. This report describes
      the histroy of a 12-year old boy with a profound neurosensory hearing loss, a
      related absence of vestibular function and a Mondini-type of temporal bone
      dysplasia who developed recurrent episodes of meningitis which were due to an
      idiopathic cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Even though the meningitis was
      labyrinthogenic in origin, the patient did not experience the associated symptoms
      of hearing loss and/or vertigo since the affected inner ear was clinically
      unreactive. By surgically exploring the middle ear, the presence of a
      cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea was confirmed. The leak was observed to be coming
      from a defect in the stapes footplate, and it was controlled by firmly packing
      the inner ear vestibule with muscle. A remarkable similarity exists between the
      patient described above and the 15 previously reported cases of meningitis due to
      a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Generally, the problem occurred in
      young children, the average age being 6.4 years; male and female were equally
      afflicted. All 15 previously reported cases had a severe neurosensory hearing
      loss which was unilateral in 10 individuals and bilateral in the other five. In
      11 of the case reports, the vestibular function was evaluated, and the labyrinth
      was noted to be unreactive in the affected ear. An associated congenital
      abnormality of the inner ear was described in 11 of the patients reviewed.
      Anatomically, in 13 cases, the leak was observed to be coming from the oval
      window area. Other affected sites included one report of a fissure of the
      promontory and one report of a defect in the roof of the eustachian tube.
      Multiple surgical procedures were required in 11 of the 15 patients in order to
      identify the exact source of the otorrhea and to seal it permanently. In three
      cases, the successful procedure was a middle ear exploration with stapedectomy
      and packing of the inner ear vestibule. Overall, a total of 36 operations was
      performed in the 15 patients reviewed. In conclusion, when the physician is
      confronted by a case of meningitis in a patient with a unilateral or bilateral
      total loss of hearing and vestibular function, the possible presence of an
      idiopathic cerebrospinal fluid leak should be considered, expecially if
      radiographic studies demonstrate a temporal bone dysplasia. In these selected
      cases, if the etiology of the meningitis is obscure, a middle ear exploration
      should be performed both for diagnostic purposes as a means to ascertain
      definitely the presence of a leak and for therapeutic purposes to seal it
      effectively.

PMID- 966916
TI  - Office otology follow-up.
AB  - The validation of otological care in the previous quarter century has been based,
      by and large, on short-term follow-up information. The rapid variation in
      procedures introduced during this period indicates that there may be need for
      further consideration. Analyses based on relatively short duration have led the
      "acceptance" of a variety of diagnostic and treatment methods which have proven
      disappointing in some cases. To help avoid this invalid "acceptance," a review of
      patients with significant follow-up may result in a more critical evaluation of
      future procedural changes. This presentation will be in four parts: 1. History of
      the office structure. 2. Discussion of five long-term patients that illustrates
      and supports certain otological concepts. 3. A review of surgical care for
      chronic suppurative otitis media in 1968. 4. A review of patients treated for
      serous otitis media with myringotomy and tubal insertion in 1968.

PMID- 966917
TI  - Physician and patient-induced diseases in otolaryngology office practice.
AB  - "Theragenic" diseases produce common ENT complaints. They are frequently and
      predictably induced by self or physician treatment. Fifteen percent of first
      office visits in various practice situations stem from therapeutically-induced
      disease. Self treatment by cotton tip applicator ear cleaning, nasal
      decongestants, mouth washes, and lozenges produce symptoms which mimic other
      etiologies. Prescription medications produce diseases with ENT symptoms which are
      based on pharmacologic toxicity, multiple drug therapy, drug intolerance, and
      occasional idiopathic hypersensitivity. The treatment of these diseases is simple
      and effective once their etiology is discovered.

PMID- 966918
TI  - Pharyngoesophageal dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - Pharyngoesophageal dysphagia occurred in 51.3 percent of 1,000 consecutive
      patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Aspiration, secondary to food obstruction,
      occurred in 30 percent of these patients, and some developed significant
      secondary respiratory symptoms. The site of obstruction was localized to the
      cricopharyngeus by timing the interval from swallow to obstruction.
      Cricopharyngeal incoordination was demonstrated in 20 of 52 patients studied by
      high speed esophageal manometry. Surgical correction of gastroesophageal reflux
      in patients with intractable reflux symptoms was shown to be effective in
      relieving pharyngoesophageal dysphagia in all but a small number of patients with
      very severe symptoms. In those with persistent dysphagia cricopharyngeal myotomy
      at a later stage was effective in giving relief.

PMID- 966919
TI  - Globus hystericus -- office evaluation by phychological testing with the MMPI.
AB  - Ninety-nine patients, twenty-three men and seventy-six women, who complained of a
      lump in the throat were evaluated with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
      Inventory, which revealed that these patients had a higher than average score on
      the depression and the hypochondriasis scales. The intensity of this finding was
      greater in males. One must never overlook the possibility of a neurotic patient
      also having serious organic disease.

PMID- 966920
TI  - Computerized tomography (CT) in otolaryngology.
AB  - Computerized tomography (CT) of the brain has been available since 1973 and has
      changed neurological, neurosurgical and radiological practice beyond recognition.
      A rapid growth of literature has documented it role in the diagnosis of
      intracranial hematoma, cerebral atrophy, brain tumor, orbital lesions and
      postoperative tumor evaluation. This computerized method of image reconstruction
      is now also being applied to the rest of the body and to other diagnostic
      modalities such as isotopes and ultrasound. The initial impact of CT scanning in
      otolaryngology is largely in four areas: 1. Facial deformities either acquired or
      congenital as hypertelorism, fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma and Crouzon's
      disease. 2. Tumors involving sinuses primarily or by secondary invasion. 3.
      Cerebello-pontine angle lesions as meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, and glomus
      jugulare tumors. The larger acoustic neuroma is well visualized by this technique
      rendering contrast myelography unnecessary. In CT scanning, subtle differences in
      position and an increase in density before contrast enhancement should allow a
      differentiation of angle meningiomas from acoustic neuromas; in addition, CT
      scanning has a very important role in the postoperative assessment of angle
      tumors. 4. Infections as cerebral abscess or cerebritis secondary to sinus or
      mastoid disease. The future holds changes that will allow much finer detail, re
      orientation of the horizontal information into any plane, and much more accurate
      differentiation of tissue density. The principle of CT image reconstruction is
      being applied to both isotope and ultrasound scanning and should improve their
      accuracy and yield. If the rapid growth of the new technology over the past two
      years continues, even greater usefulness can be anticipated.

PMID- 966921
TI  - Hemilaryngectomy for T3 (fixed cord) epidermoid carcinoma of larynx.
AB  - This clinicopathologic study was undertaken to determine whether true vocal cord
      fixation produced by epidermoid carcinoma is an absolute contra-indication to
      treatment by hemilaryngectomy. In a consecutive series of 114 hemilaryngectomies
      performed at McMillan Hospital (1960-1967) for previously untreated epidermoid
      carcinoma, 18 patients had fixation of the involved true vocal cord. Each
      hemilaryngectomy specimen (serial step sections in the longitudinal plane) was re
      examined to ascertain the cause of vocal cord fixation; the adequacy of margin;
      and the presence of blood vessel, nerve sheath and cartilage invasion. Clinical
      follow-up on each patient was current through December, 1972 (5-12 years postop).
      All of these cases were seen initially by one of the authors (J.H.O.). Serial
      sections revealed that true vocal cord fixation was caused by muscle invasion in
      14 of the 18 patients. "Positive margins" were present in eight patients but no
      immediate treatment was given. Two of these patients developed biopsy proven
      local recurrences, and both were cured with Co60 irradiation. Among the 18
      patients with T3 epidermoid carcinoma treated by hemilaryngectomy: a. Three local
      recurrences developed, all in the anterior commissure. Two were cured with
      irradiation. The third had a laryngectomy but died from persistent cancer. b. Two
      patients developed cervical metastases (without local recurrence), and one was
      salvaged with radical neck dissection. c. Four patients died of other causes,
      cancer free, three to five years postoperatively. Of the 14 determinant patients,
      two patients died of cancer. Twelve (85 percent) were alive and free of cancer
      five years postoperatively. Two had received full course irradiation; one had a
      radical neck dissection, and all 12 had a functioning larynx. When Ogura's
      patients are added to the reports of other hemilaryngectomies performed despite
      true vocal cord fixation (Leroux-Robert [1950] 18/24, Kirchner, Som [1971]
      13/19), a determinant salvage rate of 78 percent can be expected. True vocal cord
      fixation is generally caused by invasion of the vocalis muscle and thus may be
      well encompassed by a hemilaryngectomy. The precise anatomical limits of the
      lesion should dictate the type of surgery required for cure.

PMID- 966922
TI  - Red chorda tympani nerve in Herpes Zoster oticus.
AB  - A red chorda tympani nerve was previously reported as a finding limited to
      patients with Bell's palsy. This is a report of red chorda tympani nerve observed
      in 3 of 10 patients with Herpes Zoster oticus in whom the chorda tympani was
      visible. It is speculated that the red discoloration is due to a viral
      inflammatory process and, therefore, when this sign is present in a patient with
      idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis, a viral neuropathy should be suspected.

PMID- 966923
TI  - Diagnostic value of tomography in unilateral vocal cord paralysis.
AB  - Tomographic studies were made on 56 patients with unilateral paralysis of the
      vocal cord. The findings were examined in relation to etiology, course, and
      laryngoscopic findings. In 74.1 percent of the cases, marked enlargement of the
      ventricle was noticed on the side of the paralysis, especially during inhalation.
      The paralyzed vocal cord was higher than the intact cord during phonation in 46.4
      percent of the cases. The rest of the cases (53.6 percent) demonstrated no level
      difference between the vocal cords. The position of the paralyzed vocal cord,
      unilateral involvement of the cricothyroid muscle and other neck muscles were
      suggested as possible contributors to the findings.

PMID- 966924
TI  - Rhinosporidiosis.
AB  - A case of rhinosporidiosis occurring in an immigrant from India is presented
      along with a review of the disease. Rhinosporidiosis most commonly involves the
      nose, and presents as a friable papillomatous mass causing nasal obstruction,
      epistaxis, purulent discharge, and headache may also occur. The treatment of
      choice is surgical excision with cauterization of the base.

PMID- 966925
TI  - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - Medullary carcinoma is an unusual malignant neoplasm. The cell of origin is
      considered to be the C-cell which is derived from the ultimobranchial body and
      neural crest. The tumor is solid and has characteristic amyloid in the stroma.
      The lesion usually presents as a neck mass, and multicentricity is not unusual.
      In some patients diarrhea may be an important presenting symptom. Serum
      calcitonin is typically elevated and is important in the diagnostic confirmation.
      About 10 percent of the cases are part of a familial endocrine syndrome which
      includes pheochromocytomas, mucosal neuromas, and other endocrine gland adenomas.
      Frequent multicentricity and early cervical lymphatic and systemic metastases
      necessitate total thyroidectomy and radical neck dissection. Prognosis varies
      from a rapid demise to long term survival.

PMID- 966926
TI  - "Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery -- how I do it". Augmentation
      mentoplasty using polyamide mesh.
AB  - Augmentation mentoplasty, a cosmetic surgical procedure to reshape the contour of
      the mental area, usually is accomplished with the insertion of autogenous graft
      or alloplastic implant material. Obtaining autogenous graft material has been the
      major disadvantage of requiring an additional surgical procedure. Alloplastic
      implant material is wiedly perferred because of its ready availability, ease of
      sterilization, capability of being cut, carved, and shaped as desired, and the
      relatively few postoperative complications that ensue from its use. The possible
      complications are infection, rejection by the host, displacement (even many years
      later), and underlying mandibular bone resorption. The author's four-year
      experience using polyamide mesh placed supraperiosteally in 100 patients is
      reported and the technique is described. Results have been consistently good, no
      implant has had to be removed or replaced. Other advantages are ease of inserting
      the polyamide mesh, thus facilitating the surgical procedure, minimal
      postoperative morbidity or reaction, flexibility in conforming exactly to the
      shape of the mandible, ingrowth of fibrous tissue thus avoiding late
      displacement, and providing a natural feel to the reconstructed area. There has
      been no roentgenographically demonstrable evidence that suggests bone resorption.

PMID- 966927
TI  - [Operating room ethrane pollution (author's transl)].
AB  - Several surveys of ethrane pollution were made by the authors in operating rooms,
      either equipped or not with general ventilation systems, during operations where
      non-rebreathing anaesthesia devices were used. In operating rooms without general
      ventilation systems, but with simple air conditioning systems, ethrane pollution
      was found to be rather high and to attain 30-40 ppm at the fourth hour of
      operation. No statistically significant differences were elicited among levels
      found at the anaesthetist, surgeon and assistance personnel sites. The authors
      analyze the kinetics of ethrane pollution as a function of its consumption and of
      time and discuss the most suitable means for decreasig and preventing such
      pollution.

PMID- 966928
TI  - [Benzene acute aleukemic leukosis, with widespread leukemic parenchymal
      infiltration (author's transl)].
AB  - A case is reported by the authors of a progressive benzene hemopathy with a final
      leukemic evolution. The leukemic pattern was an autopsy ""surprise'', inasmuch as
      never, even in the hours just before death, could leukemic cells be detected in
      the blood stream. The authors discuss some pathogenic aspects, with particular
      emphasis on the systemic spreading of a malignant hemopathy from very few
      leukemic cells in bone marrow.

PMID- 966929
TI  - [Epidemiologic evaluation of isocyanate immediate irritative action: 'one day
      effect' control (author's transl)].
AB  - Nineteen MDI exposed workers showed ventilatory changes, after eight hour
      exposure, mainly involving upper respiratory airways; the changes reversed
      following a bronchodilator aerosol. An incomplete recovery of VC was found in
      some subjects; therefore, the possibility of changes in the lung elastic recoil
      forces was hypothesized. No statistically significant differences were found as
      to occupation and smoking habit, which suggests that even low MDI concentrations
      could be enough to give rise to acute effects. The greater impairment found in
      subjects who were already affected by morning time emphasizes the necessity that
      such subjects were not employed in their specific work.

PMID- 966930
TI  - [The medical management of carcinoma of the stomach (author's transl)].
AB  - Only a small proportion of patients with carcinoma of the stomach are suitable
      for radical surgery. For the remainder symptomatic treatment and radiotherapy
      alone or in combination with chemotherapy can be used to relieve distressing
      symptoms of pain, nausea and vomiting, and severe anemia. In the case of
      radiotherapy or chemotherapy, a degree of tumor regression can be expected. There
      have been encouraging results recently in palliating this disease with new
      radiotherapy techniques, notably fast neutron irradiation.

PMID- 966931
TI  - [Surgical management of gastric carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - The treatment of choice of gastric carcinoma is still radical surgery which has
      to be tried in all cases which are not proven to be untreatable by this method.
      During surgery the tumor as well as regional lymph nodes and neighboring
      structures have to be removed; in special cases subtotal gastrectomy carrying a
      lower risk at surgery does allow complete removal of the tumor. Replacing the
      stomach by interposition of a long loop of the small intestine has proven to
      yield good results. The overall bad results of management of gastric carcinoma
      cannot be improved to any considerable extent by surgical means, e.g. by lowering
      the risk of surgery or by increasing the number of patients operated upon. Early
      diagnosis is of outmost importance since patients with tumors of an early stage
      have a rather good chance of being completely cured.

PMID- 966932
TI  - [A new endoscopic method: the peroral choledocho-pancreatoscopy (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A new very thin glass fiber endoscope ("baby scope") has been developed, which
      can be passed through the channel of a modified duodenoscope ("mother scope") for
      catheterization of the choledochus or of the pancreatic duct. Peroral choledocho
      pancreatoscopy (PCPS) was performed in 9 patients, the endoscopic results are
      presented. Other new auxiliary instruments for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
      in biliary or pancreatic diseases are described: a brushing catheter, a special
      biopsy forceps, a retention probe and a balloon-tipped catheter.

PMID- 966933
TI  - [Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract with the new panendoscope f7
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The Panendoscope F7 with a diameter of 9.5 mm, originally designed for pediatric
      endoscopy, was used in adults. First results are reported. The instrument has a
      shorter flexible tip facilitating biopsies in the esophagus. During exploration
      of the duodenal bulb tip of the instrument can be inverted in most cases allowing
      inspection of the pyloric region of the duodenum. The aboral part of a
      gastrojejunal anastomosis after partial gastrectomy can be visualized with the
      inverted tip of the panendoscope as well. The instrument does also facilitate
      endoscopic examination of the remaining stomach and of the afferent loop in
      patients partially gastrectomized. Emergency endoscopy can be done while a
      gastric tube removing blood during the examination may stay in position.

PMID- 966934
TI  - [Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the lung and cardiopulmonary shock as initial
      findings in gastric cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - A case is reported of a 34 year old woman, who was hospitalized because of
      cardiopulmonary shock of sudden unsuspected onset. X-ray examination revealed
      diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltration. Intra-aortal counter-pulsation did
      improve the condition only for short time. On autopsy an adenocarcinoma of the
      stomach was found, as well as diffuse carcinomatous infiltration of pulmonary
      lymph and arterial vessels. Thus lymphangiosis carcinomatosa has to be taken into
      consideration in discussing the differential diagnosis of diffuse interstitial
      pulmonary infiltration in young patients. The presence of microangiopathic
      hemolytic anemia may help to establish the diagnosis.

PMID- 966935
TI  - [The pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma--epidemiologic pathology of precursor
      lesions (author's transl)].
AB  - An overview of the epidemiologic and pathologic significance of premalignant
      lesions of the stomach is presented, with correlations between cancer risk,
      prevalence of atrophic gastritis and environmental factors such as nitrate and
      food items. The protective role of lettuce and fresh vegetables is discussed. The
      diffuse type of gastric cancer appears to be less environmentally linked than the
      intestinal type, and it is hypothesized that the pathogenetic process may begin
      during the first decade of life. An analysis of precursor lesions and gastric
      cancer in various geographic regions of Columbia, South America is presented to
      illustrate these relationships.

PMID- 966936
TI  - [Experimental gastric cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - Methods have been established to produce gastric cancer in rats and dogs by
      administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or of the ethyl derivate.
      The agent is administered in drinking water or by a pellet diet soaked in the
      carcinogen. Histologically well differentiated and poorly differentiated types of
      adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell tumors are induced in several months with
      greath reliability. Metastases were observed in both rats and dogs with gastric
      carcinoma. The carcinogenic effect could be enhanced by surface active agents,
      sodium chloride, iodoacetamide, insertion of plastic beads into the stomach and
      gastroenteroanastomosis. Follow-up studies by radiologic, endoscopic and bioptic
      examinations are possible in the dog. There are similarities in these
      experimental tumors to those in man and thus they provide means for the
      investigation of histogenesis, prevention, and chemotherapy of gastric cancer. An
      adenocarcinoma of the glandular stomach of a Wistar rat was successively
      transplanted to new born rats of the same strain.

PMID- 966937
TI  - [Gastric cancer--an attempt to correlate experimental and clinical findings
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The correlation of induced gastric cancer in experimental animals with
      spontaneous gastric cancer in man may be based on several parameters. Malignant
      tumors have many properties, such as growth, heterotopia, anaplasia,
      unresponsiveness to extrinsic stimuli, and ability to evoke local and systemic
      reactions in the autologous host. Individually these properties do not
      characterise malignancy, but collectively they provide criteria for correlation
      of human and experimental gastric cancer. Accumulated data, particularly recent
      findings, attest to many similarities of induced animal and spontaneous human
      gastric cancer. However, the complexity of the disease is emphasized and data
      indicate a multi-causative etiology, with various factors interacting in a multi
      coordinate manner.

PMID- 966938
TI  - [The role of sex hormones in peptic ulceration and gastrointestinal function
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 966939
TI  - [Combined technique of radiological examination of the stomach; direct and
      improved indirect X-ray exposure (author's transl)].

PMID- 966940
TI  - [Bleeding gastric ulcer after direct traumatism to the abdominal wall (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 966941
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the stomach wall and pathogenesis of ulcers in rats
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 966942
TI  - [Sequential scintigraphy of the stomach as a means of measuring gastric emptying
      time in patients after vagotomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 966943
TI  - [Involvment of the stomach in Crohn's disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 966944
TI  - [The mallory-weiss syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 966945
TI  - [Endoscopy of patients with paraesophageal hernias (author's transl)].

PMID- 966946
TI  - [Intramural accumulation of intestinal gases].

PMID- 966947
TI  - DNCB--reactivity in patients with leprosy in Kenya.

PMID- 966948
TI  - Weekly self-medication of leprosy patients monitored by DDS/creatinine ratios in
      urines.

PMID- 966949
TI  - Temperature assessment and plantar inflammation.

PMID- 966950
TI  - Leprosy and the community. Evaluation of the campaign against leprosy in the West
      Lake Region, Tanzania.

PMID- 966951
TI  - Field workers' forum: immunology of leprosy.

PMID- 966952
TI  - [7th of April--The day of the World Health Organization devoted to the prevention
      of blindness (author's transl)].

PMID- 966953
TI  - [Influence of oral contraceptives on blood clotting (author's transl)].

PMID- 966954
TI  - [The principles of clinical pharmacology in the evaluation of drugs (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 966955
TI  - [Examination of changes in retinal circulation by fluorescein angioscopy in
      patients with traumatic cerebral coma (author's transl)].

PMID- 966956
TI  - [Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. (A cytological, histochemical and electron
      microscopic analysis) (author's transl)].

PMID- 966957
TI  - [The importance of the patients blood heparinisation during operative
      intervention on arteries (author's transl)].

PMID- 966958
TI  - [Biopsy in the diagnosis of endothoracic diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 966959
TI  - [The organizational structure of the department of head and neck surgery
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 966960
TI  - Excretion of methadone in semen from methadone addicts; comparison with blood
      levels.

PMID- 966961
TI  - Physostigmine effects on activity and reactions to novelty.

PMID- 966962
TI  - Plasma thyroxine levels of mammals: desert and mountain.

PMID- 966963
TI  - Salicylate reduces serum insulin concentrations in the rat.

PMID- 966964
TI  - A serotonin sensitive adenylate cyclase in mature rate brain synaptic membranes.

PMID- 966965
TI  - Circadian variations in plasma growth hormone and prolactin in the infant rat:
      comparison with the adult pattern.

PMID- 966966
TI  - Enkephalin-stimulated prolactin release.

PMID- 966967
TI  - Morphine: ability to block neuronal activity evoked by a nociceptive stimulus.

PMID- 966968
TI  - Xanthine oxidase activity in rat serum after administration of homogenized bovine
      cream preparation.

PMID- 966969
TI  - Differences in the cholinergic proteolipid isolated by affinity chromatography
      from normal and denervated rat leg muscle.

PMID- 966970
TI  - A blood-borne factor stimulating hepatic biosynthetic process in hepatectomized
      rabbits.

PMID- 966971
TI  - Specificity of the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase for antipsychotic
      antagonists.

PMID- 966972
TI  - Sialography-a simple procedure.

PMID- 966973
TI  - Resident's corner.

PMID- 966974
TI  - [Difficult examination subjects--easy examination subjects? Good universities-
      bad universities? Statistical study on the examination results in medicine].

PMID- 966975
TI  - [Antibiotics in practice. Introduction].

PMID- 966976
TI  - [Chemotherapy in practice: when and how?].

PMID- 966977
TI  - [Bacteriology of clinical material. Diagnostic procedure in bacterial infections
      in practice].

PMID- 966978
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy in acute respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 966979
TI  - [Antibiotics in urinary tract infections].

PMID- 966980
TI  - [Antibiotics in surgery].

PMID- 966981
TI  - [Antibiotics in prevention?].

PMID- 966982
TI  - ["Short-term" or "long term care" with antibiotics].

PMID- 966983
TI  - [Antibiotics in lowered resistance].

PMID- 966984
TI  - [Sense and nonsense of combination therapy].

PMID- 966985
TI  - [Folic acid and vitamin B12 absorption in the study of megaloblastic anemia].

PMID- 966986
TI  - [Bronchial circulation in experimental chronic atelectasis].

PMID- 966987
TI  - Immunological enhancement of a murine allogeneic lymphoma.

PMID- 966988
TI  - [Effect of neonatal thymectomy on encephalic lesions of newborn mice infected
      with yellow fever virus].

PMID- 966989
TI  - [Experimental Junin virus infection of guinea pigs. I. Pathological anatomy].

PMID- 966990
TI  - [Viral inclusion in subacte sclerosing panencephalitis].

PMID- 966991
TI  - Kinetics of the renin system in hyper and hypothyroidism.

PMID- 966992
TI  - Urinary kallikrein and pathophysiology of acute renal failure in the rat.

PMID- 966993
TI  - [Bronchopneumonia caused by gram begative bacteria in patients treated with
      mechanical respiratory assistance].

PMID- 966994
TI  - [Purification of the active principle of Solanum malacoxylon].

PMID- 966995
TI  - [Perfusion scintillography in pulmonary thromboembolia].

PMID- 966996
TI  - [Biofeedback technics and their importance in the future of psychosomatic
      medicine].

PMID- 966997
TI  - Characteristics of diagnosed and missed alcoholic male admissions to state and
      country mental hospitals 1972.

PMID- 966998
TI  - Additional rates to federally funded community mental health centers, United
      States 1973.

PMID- 966999
TI  - Provisional data on patient care episodes in mental health facilities, 1973.

PMID- 967000
TI  - Emergency services in psychiatric facilities United States, January 1974.

PMID- 967001
TI  - Staff-patient ratios in selected inpatient mental health facilities, January
      1974.

PMID- 967002
TI  - Residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children 1973-74.

PMID- 967003
TI  - Educational level of male admissions with alcohol disorders--state and county
      mental hospitals - 1972.

PMID- 967004
TI  - REAL matching of socialization activities with individual needs.

PMID- 967005
TI  - Unitization and social work in institutional programs for mentally retarded
      persons.

PMID- 967006
TI  - Nutritional assessment of common problems found among the developmentally
      disabled.

PMID- 967007
TI  - Three approaches to beginning reading instruction for EMR children.

PMID- 967008
TI  - The efficacy of the special day school for EMR pupils.

PMID- 967009
TI  - Daybook analyses of disruptive behaviors of the profoundly retarded.

PMID- 967010
TI  - Adaptive behavior changes of group home residents.

PMID- 967011
TI  - Teachers' behaviors in classes for severely retarded-multiply trainable mentally
      retarded, learning disabled and normal children.

PMID- 967012
TI  - An idiot savant case report: a retrospective view.

PMID- 967013
TI  - Effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, and free fatty acid infusions on
      glucagon and epinephrine secretion in dogs during acute hypoglycemia.
AB  - The importance of glucagon in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is
      clearly established. However, the role played by this hormone in the regulation
      of the overall fuel economy is less certain, particularly with respect to such
      nonglucose fuels as free fatty acids, glycerol, and ketoacids. In order to
      elucidate glucagon's role with respect to the latter substrates, dogs were
      infused with solutions of these three fuels, and their A-cell responses to
      concomitant insulin-induced hypoglycemia were studied. In addition, epinephrine
      levels were also monitored. It was found that while these infusions failed to
      suppress glucagon release, the ketoacid infusion did significantly reduce
      epinephrine secretion during the insulin-induced hypoglycemic period. It was
      therefore concluded that glucagon secretion under these experimental conditions
      is not responsive to prevailing non-glucose fuel levels. Indeed, these data
      suggest that the sympathetic nervous system may play an important role in the
      regulation of the over-all fuel economy.

PMID- 967014
TI  - Alterations in proline metabolic enzymes with mammalian development.
AB  - Through the use of specific radioisotopic assays, the activities of enzymes
      degrading and synthesizing proline were examined in rat liver and kidney as a
      function of development. Proline oxidase (PO), the enzyme converting proline to
      delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (PC), undergoes 15- and eight-fold increases in
      liver and kidney, respectively, as rats mature from term-fetal to adult life (6
      12 wk). The differences are not due to enzyme inhibitors or activators, and
      kinetic analysis reveals the change to be one of greater tissue content of the
      same enzyme. delta 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, which converts PC to
      glutamate, shows a two- to three-fold increase in both tissues, paralleling the
      changes in PO with development. delta 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PCR),
      the enzyme which catalyzes the committed step in endogenous proline formation,
      undergoes oppositely directed changes, such that adult levels are only 20%-25% of
      fetal levels in liver and kidney. PO/PCR ratios are 25- to 50-fold greater in
      adult central tissues than they are in fetal tissues. Thus, the central tissues
      of adult rats appear to function as proline utilizers, whereas those of young
      rats are chiefly proline formers. This difference may relate to different rates
      of utilization of proline for protein synthesis in young and adult rats.

PMID- 967015
TI  - Insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue in vitro and the response to exogenous
      insulin in obese human subjects.
AB  - The effect of varying concentrations of insulin on 1-14C-glucose conversion to
      14CO2 was measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue samples obtained from 16 obese
      human subjects (10 nondiabetic, 6 diabetic). An index of insulin sensitivity in
      vitro, Kins, was calculated as the concentration of insulin stimulating one-half
      maximal 14CO2 production. An index of insulin sensitivity in vivo, Kitt, was
      calculated as the rate constant for decrease in blood glucose after rapid
      intravenous administration of 0.05 U/kg insulin. There was, over-all, a
      significant correlation between Kins and Kitt, indicating that insulin
      sensitivity of 1-14C-glucose oxidation by adipose tissue in vitro reflects the
      general state of sensitivity of glucose metabolism to insulin in vivo in obese
      human subjects. The mean values for both Kins and Kitt in the nondiabetic
      subjects were significantly different from those in the diabetic subjects,
      indicating greater sensitivity to insulin in the former group. The nondiabetic
      group was also distinguished by a significantly greater plasma insulin:blood
      glucose ratio in the oral glucose tolerance test. These results support the view
      that tissue insulin sensitivity as well as pancreatic beta cell response play an
      important role in determining glucose tolerance in obesity.

PMID- 967016
TI  - Metabolic responses to dietary supplements of bran.
AB  - During a metabolic ward study, the addition of dietary fiber in the form of wheat
      bran biscuits to the diet of five volunteer subjects resulted in an increase in
      the stool wet weight and fecal solids. The excretion of fecal solids was highly
      correlated with the intake of unavailable carbohydrates, and fecal losses of
      water were similarly correlated with fecal excretion of these constituents. The
      major component of the increase in fecal solids was due to the noncellulosic
      polysaccharide fraction of dietary fiber. There was an increased fecal excretion
      of nitrogen fat and energy by most subjects when the supplement was eaten.
      However, the increased loss of energy in the feces was only 40-80 kcal/day, and
      therefore a large supplemental intake of dietary fiber had only minor effects on
      energy metabolism. Supplemental fiber is thus unlikely to induce a useful loss of
      calories in the management of obesity. The addition of dietary fiber caused an
      increased excretion of most inorganic constituents, particularly sodium and
      phosphorus; increased excretion of iron and magnesium was also found in two
      subjects.

PMID- 967017
TI  - The importance of the stomach in mediating histamine-induced hypocalcemia in the
      rat.
AB  - The effect of histamine on serum calcium homeostasis was studied in the rat.
      After the intravenous administration of 0.5-1.0 mg histamine base to fasted
      Holtzman rats weighing 80-100 g, a significant lowering of serum calcium (Ca)
      level occurred 30 min after injection (decrease in Ca, 1.4-1.9 mg/100 ml), but
      normocalcemia returned at 60 min. Repeat intravenous injections of histamine 1.0
      mg resulted in repeated lowering of the serum Ca level. Hypophosphatemia did not
      accompany the hypocalcemia. Thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) did not eliminate the
      calcium-lowering effect of histamine in acute TPTX animals but did so in more
      chronic TPTX animals in which the mean serum Ca was 7.6 mg/100 ml or less.
      Gastrectomy, however, completely eliminated the calcium-lowering effect of
      histamine given in doses of up to 2 mg/rat (20 mg/kg of body weight), despite the
      presence of an intact thyroid gland. These studies support the role of a gastric
      factor and not the thyroid secretion of calcitonin in mediating this response in
      the rat.

PMID- 967018
TI  - [Biological and medical applications of the cathodoluminescence in the scanning
      electron microscope (author's transl)].
AB  - The light emission according to the excitation of solids and molecules by
      electrons--named cathodoluminescence--extends the analytical field of
      applications of the scanning electron microscope. This method can be applied in
      biological and medical research. It can be used for the investigation of marked
      specimens similar to the fluorescence microscopy. The autoluminescence of some
      substances can also be used for special applications. The cathodoluminescence in
      the scanning electron microscope has the advantage that more sensitive detector
      systems can be used than with the fluorescence microscope. Moreover, in the
      scanning microscope it is possible to combine the cathodoluminescence mode with
      other imaging or analytical equipments.

PMID- 967019
TI  - [A coordinate and area recording microscope for the topographic analysis of
      particle size distributions (author's transl)].
AB  - A coordinate recording microscope equipped with a rolling disc planimeter is
      described. The application of the instrument for the analysis of cell size
      distribution in histologic preparations is demonstrated. The microscope stage is
      moved in x, and y directions by two digital micrometer spindles. The planimeter
      is equipped with a rotary encoder. The spindles and the rotary encoder are
      connected to digital counters which are input to a multiplexer. The multiplexer
      outputs the data to a teletype terminal both as hard copy and on paper tape. To
      avoid repeated measurements a video-acoustic monitoring system is provided.
      Processing of the data is carried out off-line with a IBM 1130 computer. Here the
      measured cells are displayed as points or circles on an oscilloscope. The
      distribution of cells of any size can be studied topographically in any region of
      the field of measurements.

PMID- 967020
TI  - Incoherent bar images formed by a polarizing microscope with crossed polarizers.
AB  - Diffraction images of incoherent bar objects formed by a polarizing microscope
      with crossed polarizers are studied. Expression for intensity distribution has
      been derived and the results in the form of curves have been plotted. The images
      which are of unusual shape, different from the patterns formed by the ordinary
      microscope are strongly dependent upon the size of the bar/coherence parameter.
      The line spread function can be obtained by taking a very narrow bar.

PMID- 967021
TI  - Flow in tapering and cylindrical vessels.

PMID- 967022
TI  - Calculations relating to the passage of fluid and protein out of arterial-limb
      fenestrae, through basement membranes and connective tissue channels, and into
      venous-limb fenestrae and lymphatics.

PMID- 967023
TI  - Intercapillary distances and capillary reserve in right and left ventricles:
      significance for control of tissue po2.

PMID- 967024
TI  - Changes of the pressure drop curve and of resistance along the vascular bed of
      skeletal muscle evoked by sympathetic stimulation.

PMID- 967025
TI  - Plasma oncotic pressures and hematocrit in the intact, unanesthetized bat.

PMID- 967026
TI  - The effect of oxygen on arteriolar red cell velocity and capillary density in the
      rat cremaster muscle.

PMID- 967027
TI  - Defining the precapillary sphincter.

PMID- 967029
TI  - Physicians must lead in moral and ethical decisions.

PMID- 967028
TI  - Analysis of blood flow in capillaries by finite element method.

PMID- 967030
TI  - New MSMS negotiations effort demands support of all Michigan physicians.

PMID- 967031
TI  - New regulations set for surplus OB beds.

PMID- 967032
TI  - Mandatory CME--springboard or stumbling block?

PMID- 967033
TI  - Courts severely restrict Lansing chiropractors: report from the MSMS Government
      Relations staff.

PMID- 967034
TI  - Put rural kids in medical schools; we'll get them back.

PMID- 967035
TI  - Physicians should identify teenage alcoholism.

PMID- 967036
TI  - How we physicians can work to control health care costs.

PMID- 967037
TI  - Crisis intervention a technique physicians should master.

PMID- 967039
TI  - How to hire top-flight office personnel.

PMID- 967038
TI  - Physicians must ensure good infant tooth development.

PMID- 967040
TI  - Michigan statistics on office visits close to national figures: from the MSMS
      Bureau of Economics.

PMID- 967041
TI  - Medical care costs. How big is the increase? What's the cause? Is there an
      answer?

PMID- 967042
TI  - Why it costs so much.

PMID- 967043
TI  - [Determination of preservatives containing bromine in wine].

PMID- 967044
TI  - [Radioimmunologic determination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol].

PMID- 967045
TI  - Photometric extraction method for determination of cephalexin.

PMID- 967046
TI  - [The content of the tar compound benz(c)acridine in the air of two cities in
      North-Rhine-Westphalia].

PMID- 967047
TI  - [Yeasts of the human gastrointestinal tract in normal and certain pathological
      states].

PMID- 967048
TI  - [Utilization of ethanol by yeasts belonging to different taxonomic groups].

PMID- 967049
TI  - [Development of arenarin resistance in corynabacterium michiganense (E Smith)
      jensen in vitro].

PMID- 967050
TI  - [Some patterns of inosinic acid precursor accumulation by purine-dependent
      mutants of Candida pelliculosa].

PMID- 967051
TI  - [Amino acid decarboxylation by bacteria of the genus erwinia under aerobic
      conditions].

PMID- 967052
TI  - [Use of a microbiological method for purifying waste water].

PMID- 967053
TI  - [Sterilization of water by filtration through polarized materials].

PMID- 967054
TI  - [Typing of freshly isolated strains of Salmonella typhi using bacteriophages and
      colicins].

PMID- 967055
TI  - [Ethambutol activity in experimental tuberculosis].

PMID- 967056
TI  - [Bacilliform virus of potato].

PMID- 967057
TI  - [Dynamics of RNA synthesis by the TMV in a cell culture of tobacco].

PMID- 967058
TI  - [Action of gamma irradiation on the infectivity of the potato virus X, the TMV
      and their RNAs].

PMID- 967059
TI  - [Effectiveness of imanine against corn mosaic in an artificial infection].

PMID- 967060
TI  - [Some aspects of immunological reactivity in postgonorrheal lesions].

PMID- 967061
TI  - [Comparative study of the pathogenicity of Chlamydia for white mice of different
      ages].

PMID- 967062
TI  - Dynamics of myocardial infarction--the role of critical closing pressure.
AB  - Pressure in the primary distributing network of a vessel on the surface of the
      heart is normally sufficient to prevent critical closure of its derivative
      vessels. It is proposed that acute occlusion of a major supply vessel or over
      activity of the heart in the presence of an impairment of the lumen of a major
      supply vessel may reduce transmural pressure in parts of the network. In
      consequence vasospasm, the result directly of critical closure, is postulated as
      the basis for myocardial infarction, together with maximal dilatation of vessels
      in which pressure did not fall to critical levels.

PMID- 967063
TI  - Ascorbic acid and diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized form of vitamin C, causes diabetes when
      injected into animals and has been reported to be present in increased amounts in
      the blood of patients with diabetes mellitus and even in prediabetics. One of the
      earliest changes in diabetes mellitus is electron-microscopic evidence of damage
      to the inner endothelial lining of the blood vessels. Certain bioflavonoids,
      which are natural non-toxic food substances from plants, like rutin from
      buckwheat, prevent the oxidation of ascorbic acid and seem to protect the
      endothelium when given with vitamin C; it is therefore suggested that all vitamin
      C tablets should be combined with these flavonoids.

PMID- 967064
TI  - On the evolution of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals and the clinical
      consequences to man--a hypothesis.
AB  - A clinical analysis of abnormal sex chromosome states in man suggests that Lyon's
      recent X-Y translocation hypothesis for the evolution of X-chromosome
      inactivation in mammals most likely would have lead to an evolutionary dead-end.
      Therefore, as an alternate I have hypothesized that: X-chromosome inactivation in
      somatic cells of mammals could have evolved by a complementary process of one by
      one heterozygous physical deletion in males and heterozygous inactivation in
      females of genes for "somatic" traits scattered throughout the genome whose
      effective output had become 50% excessive during prior evolution. However, this
      complementary process could occur safely only if the genes so deleted or
      inactivated first segregated by chance onto the evolving sex-chromosomes via a
      one by one reciprocal exchange for non-sex related genes already there. The
      complementary process thereby would allow slow evolution of the Y-chromosome in
      the male and X-chromosome inactivation in the female. Evolution of X-chromosome
      inactivation in this manner is compatible with Ohno's observation of
      "conservation" of the X-chromosome in mammals; and the occurrance of clinical
      "somatic" abnormalities in the abnormal X or Y chromosome states of man despite X
      chromosome inactivation.

PMID- 967065
TI  - On the potential usefulness of exchange plasmapheresis in the immunotherapy of
      cancer and of some chronic persistent infections.
AB  - In an individual sensitized to an antigen, Withdrawal of the corresponding
      antibody and of the accompanying antigen-antibody complexes stimulates antibody
      production: the end result is thus not unlike the effect of a booster dose of
      that antigen. Conversely, a sufficient concentration of antigen-antibody
      complexes will eventually shut off the antibody production to that antigen. The
      body is able to regulate through this mechanism the amplitude of the immune
      response, using the feed-back interaction of antigen-antibody complexes with the
      immune system. Without such a control system any antigenic stimulation would
      result in an uncontrolled out-pouring of antibodies, as is observed in myeloma.
      The regulation of cell mediated immunity is also indirectly affected by the
      concentration of circulating antigen-antibody complexes. Other mechanisms of
      immunoregulation are also at work, using the mediation of so-called suppressor
      cells, identified as sub-populations of T and B cells acting both specifically
      and non-specifically on immune effectors cells. It is likely that a major factor
      contributing to the pathogenesis of some persistent chronic infections such as
      syphilis, brucellosis, chronic viral hepatitis, leprosy, vaccinia, congenital
      cytomegalovirus infection persisting in childhood, and so on, and in conditions
      such as cancer, is an inadequate initial production of antibodies, further
      aggravated by the ensuing immunosuppression brought about by the formation of
      antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes have indeed been
      identified as playing a prominent role in some of these diseases. It is also
      suggested that the magnitude of the initial antigenic dose may influence the
      ensuing immune response: while a large antigen dose could induce a "classic" and
      efficient immune response, a low antigen dose, such as an incipient neoplasm,
      could result in a minimal antibody response, further suppressed by the appearance
      of antigen-antibody complexes. Through this mechanism, a premature failure to
      eradicate the disease would follow. I suggest that a significant and sudden
      lowering of the concentration of relevant entibodies and antigen-antibody
      complexes through exchange plasmapheresis, would trigger a fully adequate and
      therapeutic immune response. This possibility is discussed.

PMID- 967066
TI  - Cortisol in physiological concentrations acts within minutes to modify effects of
      prolactin and growth hormone on prostaglandin secretion: importance of effect in
      modulating cellular responses to calcium and cyclic nucleotides.
AB  - We propose that intracellular prostaglandins (PGs) are essential for the final
      expression of the effects of second messengers in most cells. We suggest that the
      amounts of PGs required are very small (in the picomolar range) and are much
      lower than those used in most current PG studies. We suggest that while
      therapeutic levels of inhibitors of PG synthetase may be adequate to block the
      overflow of PGs from cells, they are in most cases unlikely to reduce
      intracellular PGs sufficiently to test the role of such PGs. We propose that
      there is a basal level of PG synthesis unaffected by hormones but that above this
      level PG synthesis is regulated by the interplay between physiological levels of
      cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid hormones. For the most part
      prolactin seems to stimulate PG synthesis and cortisol to inhibit it: cortisol
      has, however, no inhibitory effect on basal PG synthesis. In reducing prolactin
      stimulated PG synthesis cortisol is 1000-2000 times more potent than indomethacin
      on a molar basis. We suggest that the regulation of intracellular PG levels is
      the mechanism of the so-called "permissive" actions of these hormones. These
      concepts could prove important in the understanding of many aspects of physiology
      and pathophysiology including diurnal and seasonal changes in hormone
      responsiveness. They are also relevant to the use of established drugs and the
      design of new ones.

PMID- 967067
TI  - "Basal" palmar skin potentials and body fluid potassium.
AB  - When palmar eccrine sweat glands are inactive the potential difference between
      palmar skin and a prepared forearm site is a function of the ratio of external
      (electrode electrolyte) and internal (tissue fluid) potassium concentrations.
      Evidence indicates that this "basal" palmar skin potential changes systematically
      with changes in ECF K+, and may be used to monitor such shifts, as, for example,
      in stress.

PMID- 967068
TI  - Counterpulsation.

PMID- 967069
TI  - Counterpulsation--as exciting as politics.

PMID- 967070
TI  - Computer analysis of external counterpulsation by use of a nonlinear mathematical
      model of the cardiovascular system.
AB  - A pressure system externally applied to the limbs of a patient has been proven
      effective in assisting circulation in animal and clinical studies. In this study
      a nonlinear mathematical model of the cardiovascular system is utilized to
      determine the effectiveness of high-frequency components in the external pressure
      waveform. The development of the model, the method of analysis, and the results
      acquired with the model are presented in this report, demonstrating its
      suitability for the study of external counterpulsation.

PMID- 967071
TI  - Counterpulsation with a new pulsatile assist device (PAD) in open-heart surgery.
AB  - A new pulsatile assist device that converts roller pump flow to pulsatile flow
      has been developed and proven effective through clinical testing. The PAD is also
      a hemodynamically effective arterial counterpulsator both before and after
      cardiopulmonary bypass. The PAD has been found to be an important adjunct to the
      care of critically ill patients undergoing open-heart surgery. In addition, in
      selected patients, the PAD is a reasonable alternative to the elective use of
      intra-aortic balloon pumping.

PMID- 967072
TI  - Hemodynamic alterations with a reversed unidirectional intra-aortic balloon.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of dual-chambered unidirectional balloon pumping in
      alternate directions were studied in 44 trials conducted on 8 dogs. Results
      indicate an increase in cardiac output in normal dogs with downstream pumping by
      unidirectional intra-aortic balloon, which may have important implications for
      the treatment of low output cardiac failure.

PMID- 967073
TI  - Physiologic profiles in circulatory support.
AB  - Measurements of hemodynamic, oxygen transport, and tissue utilization functions
      were incorporated into a physiologic profile assessment system in order to
      evaluate patients who are candidates for mechanical support of the failing heart.
      Circulatory function was assessed in patients with acute myocardial infarction
      associated with diminished peripheral perfusion and compared to an age-matched,
      normal patient group. Serial studies performed prior to and during intra-aortic
      balloon counterpulsation provide a means to assess circulatory status accurately
      and document the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 967074
TI  - Circulatory support with a left-heart assist device after intracardiac operation:
      design concepts and management techniques.
AB  - A simple left-heart assist device was developed to reduce left ventricular
      preload while simultaneously increasing total systemic blood flow. It consists of
      special cannulas connected to a simple extracorporeal tubing loop and roller
      pump, designed to permit bypass of as much as 5 liters of blood per minute from
      left atrium to ascending aorta. Employed in 15 patients with advanced heart
      disease who were in low cardiac output following repair, the system was proven
      effective. An asset of the device is the ability to subsequently separate the
      patient from the device without need to reenter the thorax or abdomen.

PMID- 967075
TI  - Intra-aortic balloon assist for cardiogenic shock and ischemic states at
      Massachusetts General Hospital.
AB  - Intra-aortic balloon pumping is used at MGH for the reversal of acute myocardial
      ischemia in those patients not responding to usual medical means. The survival
      rate of surgical intervention in patients in cardiogenic shock was significantly
      increased in patients who had been balloon-pumped prior to surgery. The use of
      the intra-aortic balloon assist early in the postoperative patient showing low
      cardiac output state not only served to improve hemodynamics but also led to the
      preservation of the myocardium and ultimate improved survival. The balloon assist
      was initiated to control the ischemic states in patients with severe unstable
      angina. Used in association with nitroprusside and propranolol, this method
      produced marked improvement and reduction of pain in patients. Indications are
      that intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation at the present time is the safest and
      most predictable means of controlling acute ischemia in patients who are
      resistant to standard medical intervention.

PMID- 967076
TI  - The Windkesselventricle with guiding balloon as a new approach for assisted
      circulation.
AB  - A simple method was developed to aid the patient with low cardiac output syndrome
      following cardiac surgery. The concept was shown to be feasible in electric
      circulatory analog studies and verified in 20 dog experiments. A Dacron graft
      (end-to-side) through the right second intercostal space connects the ascending
      aorta to the subcutaneously implanted, ellipsoidal-shaped artifical ventricle. A
      spherical polyurethane balloon is positioned in the aorta distal to the Dacron
      graft via the femoral artery. The ventricle and balloon are pneumatically driven
      synchronously with the ECG. In natural systole the balloon is inflated, occluding
      the aorta, and the artificial ventricle sucks the entire stroke volume. In
      natural diastole the balloon deflates and the artificial ventricle ejects the
      blood into the peripheral arteries. With this system it is possible to maintain a
      normal systemic pressure and have high hemodynamic efficiency. The left
      ventricular systolic pressure is 85 percent unloaded. The systolic wave is turned
      180 degrees to the natural. After treatment, the device can be removed without
      thoracotomy.

PMID- 967077
TI  - Problems encountered with intra-aortic balloon pumping and solutions.

PMID- 967078
TI  - Editorial: Thyroid cancer and head and neck irradiation.

PMID- 967079
TI  - Editorial: Alternative approaches to meeting basic health needs in developing
      countries.

PMID- 967080
TI  - Return to work after a myocardial infarction: evaluation of planned
      rehabilitation and of a predictive rating scale.
AB  - This paper reports the first recorded controlled trial of cardiac rehabilitation
      after myocardial infarction in men of working age, viewed as a team intervention
      effort to facilitate the patient's return to normal work.  Our results show that
      this intervention is helpful in returning to jobs which they can handle
      successfully men who would otherwise be at risk of remaining unemployed. A
      previously developed rating scale for predicting return to work after myocardial
      infarction was used and reevaluated. Employment and occupational level at
      admission to hospital, work history, availability of the previous job,
      educational level, family and social stability, age at which regular cigarette
      smoking commenced, and level of anxiety and depression on a personality scale
      proved highly predictive.

PMID- 967081
TI  - Mobile laboratory for respiratory surveys in industry.
AB  - This paper describes the design and performance of a self-contained mobile
      respiratory laboratory used for the carrying out of complex lung function tests
      in epidemiological studies of respiratory disease in industry. The laboratory is
      equipped to perform all conventional lung function tests other than those
      involving arterial puncture or radioactive isotopes. It has been shown to have a
      high level of employee acceptability and technical accuracy.

PMID- 967082
TI  - Medical manpower-the Australian scene.
AB  - Medical manpower projections indicate that by 1991 there will be one doctor to
      500 population instead of the 1: 721 ratio in 1976. There are many variables;
      projections, while hazardous, are necessary for planning because of the long lead
      time. Productivity is equally important. There is no evidence that the rapidly
      rising female intake will reduce productivity in the next 15 years.

PMID- 967083
TI  - Primary oxalosis with myocardial involvement and heart block.
AB  - An unusual case is described of primary oxalosis with renal failure and cardiac
      involvement with complete heart block. Although cardiac involvement rarely
      occurs, it nevertheless requires evaluation because of the therapeutic
      implications.

PMID- 967084
TI  - Anatomy of the lumbar spine.
AB  - The macroscopic courses of the posterior primary rami in the lumbar spine are
      described and illustrated from fresh cadaver dissections.

PMID- 967085
TI  - Brain tumours in adults.

PMID- 967087
TI  - The rotary reader: a recent advance in equipment for the disabled.

PMID- 967086
TI  - How did you guess? Or, what do multiple-choice questions measure?
AB  - Multiple-choice questions classified as requiring problem-solving skills have
      been interpreted as measuring problem-solving skills within students, with the
      implicit hypothesis that questions needing an increasingly complex intellectual
      process should present increasing difficulty to the student. This hypothesis was
      tested in a 150-question paper taken by 721 students in seven Australian medical
      schools. No correlation was observed between difficulty and assigned process.
      Consequently, the question-answering process was explored with a group of final
      year students. Anecdotal recall by students gave heavy weight to knowledge rather
      than problem solving in answering these questions. Assignment of the 150
      questions to the classification by three teachers and six students showed their
      congruence to be a little above random probability.

PMID- 967088
TI  - Letter: sickle-cell anaemia and trait in Sydney.

PMID- 967089
TI  - Letter: Skin sores and food poisoning.

PMID- 967090
TI  - Letter: Imipramine and aggression.

PMID- 967091
TI  - Letter: Morbidity intelligence from general practice.

PMID- 967092
TI  - [Breast affections requiring surgery: diagnosis from the view-point of a
      radiologist (author's transl)].
AB  - Examinations by X-rays are the best method to detect early carcinomas of the
      breast and precancerous alterations. In many cases it is possible to avoid
      operations by pneumocystography. An unsuspected result by pneumocytostography
      permits to depart from the principle to remove every palpable tumor. Nevertheless
      the X-ray examinations have some limits. Therefore it is necessary for the
      radiologist to know exactly the clinical state. Furthermore there must be a very
      good cooperation between the radiologist, the surgeon and the histologist.
      Problems originated from the appearance of so-called suspicious
      microcalcifications visible in well made mammograms. The sooner the
      microcalcifications are excised the more it is possible to discover early
      carcinomas and precancerous alterations but also harmless variations.
      Pathological secretion from the nipple is an indication for galactography. If
      there are pathological alterations in the ducts it is necessary in order to avoid
      mistakes in diagnosis to excise and examine the specimen by very reliable
      methods. The results from thermographical and cytological investigations are
      sometimes of value for the decision to perform an operation but not for the
      decision to omit the histological examination.

PMID- 967093
TI  - [Vulvitis due to ancylostoma duodenale (author's transl)].
AB  - There is reported about a case of vulvitis, which was resistant to usual forms of
      therapy. Infections as such of Candida or of Trichomonas as well as diabetes
      could be excluded. But there could be proved an incidence of Ancylostoma
      duodenale, which is nowadays more often to be observed. Adequate therapy was
      successful.

PMID- 967094
TI  - [Liability insurance for the physicians in the USA].

PMID- 967095
TI  - [Concomitant stomach and duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 967096
TI  - [Germ spreading in operating room following rectoscopy].

PMID- 967097
TI  - [Cryosurgery and possibilities of its use].

PMID- 967098
TI  - [Comparative determinations of amylase by means of commercial tests].

PMID- 967099
TI  - [Improved methods for the detection of reticulocytes].

PMID- 967100
TI  - [Serum cholesterol. Comparison of an enzymatic determination method with the
      extraction method on A.A.II].

PMID- 967101
TI  - [Recommendations for the avoidance and management of transfusion accidents].

PMID- 967102
TI  - [Cellulose acetate microimmunoelectrophoresis in routine clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 967103
TI  - [Tissue typing and selection of donors from a serological viewpoint].

PMID- 967104
TI  - [Fully mechanized kinetic measurement of creatinine].

PMID- 967105
TI  - Legislative report: 1976 Virginia General Assembly.

PMID- 967106
TI  - Physician vs. nurse liability.

PMID- 967107
TI  - "Natural" death under non-natural circumstances.

PMID- 967108
TI  - [Problem of costs].

PMID- 967109
TI  - [Protein-digestion in childhood. Postnatal development and disorders in
      congenital and acquired diseases].

PMID- 967110
TI  - [Testing of the therapeutic effects of geriatric drugs by psychodiagnostic
      methods].

PMID- 967111
TI  - [Influenza immunity].

PMID- 967112
TI  - [Bromocryptin, the new wonder drug?].

PMID- 967113
TI  - [Stimulation of the pancreatic secretion by plant extracts].

PMID- 967114
TI  - [Immunochemistry of the blood plasma. IV].

PMID- 967115
TI  - [Angiographic/examinations in studies of expansive renal formations].

PMID- 967116
TI  - [The necessity of routine biopsy for diagnosis and treatment of prostatic
      carcinoma].

PMID- 967117
TI  - [Clinical considerations on surgical case-records of 40 operations for renal
      neoplasms].

PMID- 967118
TI  - [An atypical case of cast-like calculi of the left kidney].

PMID- 967119
TI  - [Treatment of incontinence in males, using the Kaufman prosthesis].

PMID- 967120
TI  - [Correlated data concerning junction syndromes at various sites].

PMID- 967122
TI  - Reduction mammoplasty.

PMID- 967121
TI  - Neurologic urinary bladder dysfunction. Evaluation and treatment at the
      University of Minnesota.

PMID- 967123
TI  - Fractures and dislocations of the spine. Indications for surgical intervention.

PMID- 967125
TI  - Presurgical coagulation testing.

PMID- 967124
TI  - Medical care for an aging population. Implications for medical education.

PMID- 967126
TI  - Esophageal moniliasis: unusual x-ray and endoscopic findings.

PMID- 967127
TI  - The calorie intake of patients with advanced cancer.

PMID- 967128
TI  - Current status of the radioactive 131I uptake test: effects of gelatin capsules
      and dietary iodine.

PMID- 967129
TI  - The spectrum of agricultural medicine.

PMID- 967130
TI  - The aging eye.

PMID- 967131
TI  - A look at child health manpower in Minnesota: distribution and context within the
      health planning regions.

PMID- 967132
TI  - Barium demonstration of Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

PMID- 967133
TI  - Role and rationale of the use of propranolol in the treatment of patients with
      angina pectoris.

PMID- 967135
TI  - Medical compliance. The effect of appointment reminders on keeping appointments
      in a core city pediatric outpatient department.

PMID- 967134
TI  - Prenatal assessment of intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 967137
TI  - Hyperlipoproteinemias. Current concepts.

PMID- 967136
TI  - Pathology of the myxomatous mitral value. Nature, secondary changes and
      complications.

PMID- 967138
TI  - Your health, your country's health and the national health service: special
      article.

PMID- 967139
TI  - An assessment of current mammography and thermography utilization in Missouri
      hospitals.

PMID- 967140
TI  - Heart block.

PMID- 967141
TI  - Evaluation of multiple sclerosis patients by cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 967142
TI  - Management of external small bowel fistulas: a review.

PMID- 967143
TI  - Assessment of the circulation in occlusive arterial disease of the lower
      extremities.

PMID- 967144
TI  - Evaluation and therapy of hypertension--1976.

PMID- 967145
TI  - Prevention of venous thromboembolism by low-dose heparin.

PMID- 967146
TI  - Choosing a collection agency.

PMID- 967147
TI  - Rip-off.

PMID- 967148
TI  - A day in the life of a British practice.

PMID- 967149
TI  - Surgical repair of lateral shoulder luxation.

PMID- 967150
TI  - Liver lobe avulsion in a cat.

PMID- 967151
TI  - Nervous signs in bovine coccidiosis.
AB  - In 2 outbreaks of coccidiosis due to E bovis and/or E zurnii infection in
      Canadian cattle, nervous signs included opisthotonos, medial strabismus,
      hypersensitivity, tetanic spasms, and convulsions. All of the affected animals
      died in convulsions after an illness of one to several days during which time
      they showed periodic nervous signs. Necropsy revealed a very severe enteritis
      with the most severe lesions in the spiral colon. Much of the intestinal mucosa
      in this area had been destroyed by the parasite. None of several suggested causes
      of such nervous signs was indicated by laboratory findings, but the possibility
      of toxins produced by the coccidia could not be ruled out.

PMID- 967152
TI  - A new concept of normal values.

PMID- 967153
TI  - Rote solutions.

PMID- 967154
TI  - Gastrointestinal parasitism in dairy cattle.

PMID- 967155
TI  - A proposal for a uniform nomenclature for the genetics of bacterial protein
      synthesis.
AB  - A new genetic nomenclature for the macromolecules involved in bacterial protein
      synthesis is proposed and explained. Genes for ribosomal proteins are designated
      rsp, rpl and rpm while genes for ribosomal RNAs are rrs and rrl. Protein
      synthesis factors and ribosome assembly and modification activities are also
      consistantly named.

PMID- 967156
TI  - Temperature-sensitive breakdown in vivo of polysomes with mutants of
      Chlamydomonas reinhardii.
AB  - Two temperature-sensitive mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardii Dangeard which are
      defective in protein synthesis were examined. Both show breakdown of their
      polysomes at the restrictive temperature into monosomes which do not contain
      fragments of mRNA. Many of the ribosomes still contain nascent peptides able to
      react with puromycin. The polysome breakdown involves only cytoplasmic (80S)
      ribosomes and is prevented or reversed when ribosome translocation is inhibited
      with cyloheximide.

PMID- 967157
TI  - Recombination between mutants of Phycomyces with abnormal phototropism.
AB  - Sexual crosses were studied between mutants of Phycomyces blakesleeanus with
      abnormal phototropism (phenotype mad). Recombination frequencies were determined
      among five genes madA to madE. No clear evidence was found for linkage between
      any of the genes. Inconsistent results in crosses involving madC are attributed
      to nonisogenicity between the particular strains used. One mad strain was
      discovered to be a double mutant. A new gene, tentatively designated madG, was
      segregated from a cross involving that strain.

PMID- 967158
TI  - The product of the ade1: gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a bifunctional enzyme
      catalysing two distinct steps in purine biosynthesis.
AB  - The assignment of the known ade genes to steps in purine biosynthesis in
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been completed with the demonstration that an ade3
      mutants lacks FGAR amidotransferase, ade1A mutants lack GAR synthetase and ade1B
      mutants lack AIR synthetase. A comparison of enzyme activity with map position
      for ade1 mutants shows that (1) complementing ade1A mutants lack GAR synthetase
      but posses wild type amounts of AIR synthetase, (2) complementing ade1B mutants
      lack AIR synthetase but posses variable amounts of GAR synthetase, (3) non
      complementing mutants lack both activities. In wild type strains the two
      activities fractionate together throughout a hundred-fold purification. Hence the
      ade1 gene appears to code for a bifunctional enzyme catalysing two distinct steps
      in purine biosynthesis. The two activities are catalysed by two different regions
      of the polypeptide chain which can be altered independently by mutation. Gel
      filtration studies on partially purified enzymes from wild type and various
      complementing mutant strains, indicate that the bifunctional enzyme is a multimer
      consisting of between four and six sub-units of 40,000 daltons each. GAR
      synthetase activity is associated with both the monomeric and multimeric forms
      but AIR synthetase is only associated with the multimer. A comparison of enzyme
      levels between diploids and their original complementing haploid strains suggests
      that complementation is due to hybrid enzyme formation.

PMID- 967159
TI  - Lethal and mutagenic effects of nitrosoguanidine on synchronized Chlamydomonas.
AB  - The lethal and mutagenic effects of 5 mug/ml N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      (MNNG) were maximal during the nuclear S-period of synchronously grown
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This was revealed by a 50% drop in survival and a 50-
      to 100-fold increase in the recovery of slow-growth mutants (up to 40% of the
      survivors) which were first recognized as small colonies on agar medium. Partial
      characterization of these isolates revealed about 50% to be stable on subculture,
      and several were demonstrated to be either acetate-dependent, dark-lethal (light
      dependent), or acetate-sensitive mutants. There was no significant increase of
      lethality or of slow-growth mutants correlated with treatment during the
      chloroplast DNA replication phase of the cell-cycle. The results of genetic
      analysis with 13 mutants induced during the nuclear S-period were consistent with
      their nuclear origin. These analyses were hampered by the high proportion of
      lethality among the progeny of most crosses. It is concluded that the enhanced
      mutant induction among nuclear S-phase cells may indicate preferential
      mutagenesis of replication fork DNA and induction of multiple-closely-linked
      mutations, as in some bacteria. Consequently, for C. reinhardtii, caution should
      be exercised in drawing relationships between abnormal behavioral and biochemical
      phenotypes in MNNG-induced mutants.

PMID- 967160
TI  - Genetic evidence of ribosomal antisuppressors in Podospora anserina.
AB  - Antisuppressors were screened for with the help of informational suppressors in
      Podospores anserina. Four mutations in the AS1 locus and two in the AS2 locus
      were isolated, using allele non specific suppressors supposed to be ribosomal
      ambiguity mutations. Four mutations in the AS3 locus and 45 in the AS4 locus were
      obtained, using a nonsense (t-RNA like) suppressor. All antisuppressors are
      partially dominant. Most mutations in the AS4 locus are lethal. The four mutants
      at the AS3 locus and 6 out of the 8 viable mutants at the AS4 locus are cold
      sensitive. Phenotypic properties and action spectra of the antisuppressors
      suggest that they are restrictive ribosomal mutations.

PMID- 967161
TI  - Insect cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Two approaches may be used to study the function of cytochrome P-450 in insects:
      (a) an evaluation of the spectral and catalytic properties of the hemoprotein
      while associated with microsomal membranes; (b) the solubilization, resolution
      and purification of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system. The first
      approach has provided some understanding of the biochemical factors involved in
      the metabolism of a variety of compounds, including pesticides, drugs, hormones
      and many other xenobiotics. However, solubilization of the monooxygenase system
      allows the study of each of its components individually, providing a better
      insight on the sequence of events leading to the hydroxylation of a substrate,
      the type of intermediates formed, and the rate-limiting step(s). This report
      discusses studies carried out with the monooxygenase system associated with
      microsomal membranes, as well as procedures to solubilize and partially purify
      its components from housefly microsomes. The latter involves solubilization with
      either Triton X-100 or sodium cholate, followed by either ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, Sephadex G-200, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography or by
      omega-amino-n-octyl-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. These procedures have
      shown that two cytochrome P-450 species (P-450 and P-450I) are present in
      microsomes isolated from a resistant housefly strain. Induction with either
      naphthalene or phenobarbital appears to increase cytochrome P-450I
      preferentially.

PMID- 967162
TI  - Modification of calf lens crystallins as determined by gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Variations in size and charge of calf lens proteins, particularly gamma
      crystallins, were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Exposure of
      gamma crystallins to near-UV light in the presence of L-tryptophan produces
      species of higher electrophoretic mobility and higher retardation. Treatment with
      urea and sulfonation also produced changes in the retardation co-efficient. The
      increase of retardation co-efficient of gamma crystallin is interpreted to be a
      result of conformational changes. Gamma crystallins are particularly sensitive to
      photo-modification, and this process may be associated with age-related changes
      in the lens.

PMID- 967163
TI  - Efficacy of law enforcement procedures concerning alcohol, drugs, and driving.
AB  - Fatality rates in autobomile crashes vary widely from nation to nation. For
      instance, in 1970 Japan reported a rate of 11.4 and the United States 2.6.
      Finland stood about midway with 6.2 fatalities per 100 million vehicle kilometers
      1970 (OECD, 1974). These rates reflect all fatal crash causes. The alcohol rates
      are quite imprecise for many nations but a comparison of the Finnish and United
      States figures reveals some interesting facts. The United States rate of alcohol
      involvement in highway deaths is about 50% (of a rate of 2.6). The Finnish rate
      of alcohol involvement is 27% (of a rate of 6.2). Thus the alcohol rate for
      Finland is about 1.7, and for the United States 1.3. These percentages provide a
      guide for enforcement officials. The higher the percentage, the higher the
      priority. Moreover, the role of traffic deaths in overall mortality is important.
      For instance, in Japan each year 25 traffic deaths occur in each 100,000 of
      population, while in the United Kingdom the figure is 13 (1970 figures; OECD,
      1974). Another factor is available countermeasures. Safety features on cars,
      quality of roads, driver training, and cultural attitudes toward cars all
      contribute. Driver behavior controlled by law enforcement is a very important
      factor. There is evidence that enforcement of drunken driving laws is extremely
      lax even in those nations claiming vigorous programs. An enforcement program that
      will screen the corporate whole of the driving population on an optimal basis
      will identify those drivers whose drinking is a problem for treatment ranging
      from punitive to therapeutic on the basis of their needs and at the same time
      bring about a general deterrence because of a perception of the high risk of
      being apprehended.

PMID- 967164
TI  - Characteristics of driving in relation to the drug and alcohol use of Finnish
      outpatients.
AB  - A questionnaire was administered to 765 rheumatoid arthritic, 715 tubercular and
      1,050 psychiatric outpatients and to 587 control subjects concerning their use of
      drugs and alcohol, driving habits and traffic accident involvement. The driving
      populations of all groups were matched as to their age and area of residence. The
      results of the study show a relatively very small number of driving licence
      holders among rheumatoid and psychiatric patients whereas the tubercular group
      includes as many driving licences as the control group. Also, the annual driving
      experience of the rheumatoid arthritic and psychiatric patients was low. The main
      reason for driving was recreation, and the driving mainly took place on highways.
      Excluding the psychiatric patients, the patient groups had been involved less
      often in traffic accidents that the controls. The use of drugs correlated
      inversely with driving: the more you used drugs the less you drove. Also the
      consumption of alcohol increased in direct proportion to the number of kilometres
      driven: the greater the alcohol consumption per drinking session, the more you
      drove annually and were involved in accidents.

PMID- 967165
TI  - Alcohol and highway crashes. Closing the gap between epidemiology and
      experimentation.
AB  - It is frequently observed that alcohol-impaired drivers involved in certain types
      of crashes apparently 'couldn't stop in time'. However accurate this observation,
      it is simply a description and is not an adequate explanation. Therein lies the
      basis for the gap between epidemiology and experimentation. If alcohol actually
      does degrade a motorist's performance and increase the probability of his being
      responsible for a fatal crash, then alcohol-induced changes in driving behavior
      should be manifest and should be measurable. However, no controlled study has
      previously been conducted to obtain systematic but unobtrusive data on the actual
      influences of alcohol upon real-world driving behavior in its natural
      environment. One recently completed field study is reported which was designed to
      provide such data by means of unobtrusive electronic measures of nocturnal
      driving performance. In the present paper, to illustrate one approach to closing
      the gap between epidemiology and experimentation, one combination variable was
      selected which lends itself readily to comparison across the full spectrum of
      alcohol investigation: reaction time and braking performance. A review of the
      literature concerning this interrelated variable examined alcohol influences upon
      reaction time as investigated in laboratory, simulator, and instrumented car
      experiments, as well as alcohol influences upon braking performance in
      instrumented car experiments and in our recent field study involving unobtrusive
      electronic measures. The reviewed experiments were interpreted in terms of a
      conceptualization of the information-processing sequence which leads up to brake
      use. On the basis of the reviewed results, it was concluded that alcohol
      increases reaction time (both simple and choice) appreciably more in driving
      situations than in laboratory experiments. It was also concluded that a
      consistent alcohol impairment of the qualitative aspects of braking performance
      is manifest in driving situations, for example, as reflected by changes in brake
      pressure modulation. More specifically, the braking performance of motorists and
      subjects at high BACs is abrupt, unsmooth, and less controlled than that of sober
      motorists or the same subjects with no alcohol. It was concluded that at least in
      terms of quality, alcohol impairs response implementation of the final stage of
      the information-processing sequence. It was hypothesized that the abrupt, lower
      quality braking performance observed at high BACs results--at least in part--from
      less time remaining available for stopping because the information-processing
      time has been increased by alcohol at some previous stage--apparently the
      response-selection stage. At the most general level, it was suggested that high
      BACs both increase the time necessary to begin applying the brakes, as well as
      reduce the degree of control in the actual use of the brakes during the course of
      stopping. These two factors in combination probably account for a large part of
      the alcohol contribution to highway crashes.

PMID- 967166
TI  - Practical aspects of the routine measurement of alcohol and drugs in drivers. A
      preliminary report.

PMID- 967167
TI  - A case-control study on alcohol as a risk factor in pedestrian accident. A
      preliminary report.
AB  - Alcohol as a risk factor in pedestrian accidents was studied so that the BACs
      were measured by gas chromatography in 341 accident patients and by ASD
      breathalyzers in 682 sex-, site-, and time-matched pedestrians not involved in
      accidents. Alcohol was found in the blood in 53% of the accident cases and in 15%
      of the controls. The RR, if 1.0 at zero BAC, was 0.59 at BAC 0.3-0.5, 2.2 at 0.6
      1.0, 6.8 at 1.1-1.5, 13 at 1.6-2.0, and 29 at BACs of over 2.0 g/l.

PMID- 967168
TI  - Traffic accidents and psychomotor test performance. A follow-up study.

PMID- 967169
TI  - Precision, accuracy and relevance of breath alcohol measurements.
AB  - The methods employed for evaluating the performance of some currently available
      breath alcohol devices are described. A program consisting of in vitro
      experiments, extensive in vivo laboratory studies, controlled field studies, and
      finally roadside random testing has been used. The importance of considering the
      underlying physiological mechanisms particularly with regard to the blood/breath
      partition ratio and its variability is emphasized. An important finding is that
      the relationship varies with the phase of alcohol metabolism in a regular and
      systematic way. Some statistical techniques are outlined for calculating the
      precision and accuracy of breath-testing instruments, which are important
      properties of a method to be used for medico-legal purposes.

PMID- 967170
TI  - Minor outpatient anaesthesia and driving.

PMID- 967171
TI  - Physiological and fluid-dynamic investigations of the transthoracic impedance
      plethysmography method for measuring cardiac output: Part I-A fluid-dynamic
      approach to the theory using an expansible tube model.

PMID- 967172
TI  - Physiological and fluid-dynamic investigations of the transthoracic impedance
      plethysmography method for measuring cardiac output. Part II-Analysis of the
      transthoracic impedance wave by perfusing dogs.

PMID- 967173
TI  - Online estimation of cardiac output from respiratory data using a gradient
      method.

PMID- 967174
TI  - Breathing pattern effects on pulmonary oxygen uptake.

PMID- 967175
TI  - Mathematical model of renal regulation of urea excretion.

PMID- 967176
TI  - Pressure measurement in the renal pelvis.

PMID- 967177
TI  - Detrusor and uterine cervix electromyography.

PMID- 967178
TI  - High-speed communication aid for quadriplegics.

PMID- 967179
TI  - Vibrotactile stimulation by using both the electrical and mechanical stimuli.

PMID- 967180
TI  - Use of the fast Fourier transform in the frequency analysis of the second heart
      sound in normal man.

PMID- 967181
TI  - A whole-body radioactivity monitor for clinical use.

PMID- 967182
TI  - Ultraminiature stimulus-isolation probe.

PMID- 967183
TI  - Laboratory testing of a mobile isolation unit designed for patient care.

PMID- 967184
TI  - Data-bounding technique in discrete deconvolution.

PMID- 967185
TI  - X-ray-induced mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance in cultured human diploid
      fibroblasts.
AB  - X-ray induced mutation to 6-thioguanine (6TG)-resistance was studied in early
      passage cultures of human diploid fibroblasts. The appearance of phenotypic
      induced mutants in irradiated cell populations was linearly related to the number
      of post-irradiation cell doublings and to the duration of the growth period prior
      to mutant selection; the maximum yield of X-ray induced mutants was observed when
      cells surviving radiation had completed 3--4 douplings (6--7 days growth) in non
      selective medium. The maximum induced mutation frequency was linearly related to
      X-ray dose and the mutation rate was estimated to be 3.1-10(-7) mutations per
      viable cell per rad. The data obtained for X-ray induced mutations in cultured
      human diploid fibroblasts were compared with (a) similar experimental data
      obtained with established cell cultures and (b) with theoretical predictions of X
      ray mutation rates in human germ cells.

PMID- 967186
TI  - Chromosome arm number and radiation-induced dicentric yield.

PMID- 967187
TI  - Inhibition of mouse testicular DNA synthesis by mutagens and carcinogens as a
      potential sample mammalian assay for mutagenesis.
AB  - Since mutagenic substances induce structural changes in DNA, studies were
      undertaken to determine whether substances would modify DNA replicative activity.
      DNA synthesis was quantitated 3.5 h after drug administration as uptake into DNA
      of a 30-min pulse of 10 muCi of [3H] thymidine. Combinations of methylurea (20000
      mg/kg) and sodium nitrite (150 mg/kg) administered p.o. resulted in gastric
      synthesis of nitrosomethylurea and inhibited testicular DNA synthesis by 83%.
      Combinations of methylurea and sodium nitrite of 1000 and 100 mg/kg respectively
      inhibited DNA synthesis by 75%. With dimethylamine and sodium nitrite, a
      combination which results in gastric synthesis of dimethylnitrosamine,
      inhibitions of 65 and 57% were observed at 2000 mg/kg together with 150 mg/kg and
      1000 mg/kg in combination with 100 mg/kg, respectively. In separate experiments,
      dimethylnitrosamine (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and diethylnitrosamine (100 mg/kg, i.p.)
      inhibited thymidine uptake by 30 and 89%, respectively. The mutagenic polynucelar
      hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene (15 mg/kg) inhibited DNA synthesis by 95% and
      safrole (640 mg/kg), a mutagenic methylenedioxybenzene derivative, inhibited by
      60%. Cadmium chloride (10 mg/kg), acetylaminofluorene (160 mg/kg) and
      dibutylnitrosamine (500 mg/kg) also induced statistically significant effects.
      Noncarcinogenic analogues of these substances (anthracene, 125 mg/kg; diphenyl
      nitrosamine, 500 mg/kg; piperonyl butoxide, 640 mg/kg, and methylurea, 2000 mg/kg
      in combination with sodium nitrate) were inactive. Highly toxic substances
      (potassium cyanide, 2.5 mg/kg; 2,4-dinitrophenol, 20 mg/kg; and lead acetate, 150
      mg/kg) were also inactive. This index of mutagenicity appears to have
      considerable sensitivity and therefore may have potential in drug evaluation.

PMID- 967188
TI  - Cytogenetic effects of mutagens/carcinogens after activation in a microsomal
      system in vitro I. Induction of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid
      exchanges by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in CHO cells
      in the presence of rat-liver microsomes.
AB  - A rat-liver microsomal system in vitro has been used to activate two indirectly
      acting carcinogens, DMN and DEN. On activation, both compounds were extremely
      potent in inducing chromosomal aberrations as well as sister chromatid exchanges
      in Chinese hamster cells. The implications of these findings and the potential
      utility of this technique to detect mutagens/carcinogens are discussed.

PMID- 967189
TI  - Replicative bypass repair of ultraviolet damage to DNA of mammalian cells:
      caffeine sensitive and caffeine resistant mechanisms.
AB  - Replicative bypass repair of UV damage to DNA was studied in a wide variety of
      human, mouse and hamster cells in culture. Survival curve analysis revealed that
      in established cell lines (mouse L, Chinese hamster V79, HeLa S3 and SV40
      transformed xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)), post-UV caffeine treatment potentiated
      cell killing by reducing the extrapolation number and mean lethal UV fluence
      (Do). In the Do reduction as the result of random inactivation by caffeine of
      sensitive repair there were marked clonal differences among such cell lines, V79
      being most sensitive to caffeine potentiation. However, other diploid cell lines
      (normal human, excision-defective XP and Syrian hamster) exhibited no obvious
      reduction in Do by caffeine. In parallel, alkaline sucrose sedimentation results
      showed that the conversion of initially smaller segments of DNA synthesized after
      irradiation with 10 J/m2 to high-molecular-weight DNA was inhibited by caffeine
      in transformed XP cells, but not in the diploid human cell lines. Exceptionally,
      diploid XP variants had a retarded ability of bypass repair which was drastically
      prevented by caffeine, so that caffeine enhanced the lethal effect of UV. Neutral
      CsC1 study on the bypass repair mechanism by use of bromodeoxyuridine for DNA
      synthesis on damaged template suggests that the pyrimidine dimerer acts as a
      block to replication and subsequently it is circumvented presumably by a new
      process involving replicative bypassing following strand displacement, rather
      than by gap-filling de novo. This mechanism worked similarly in normal and XP
      cells, whether or not caffeine was present, indicating that excision of dimer is
      not always necessary. However, replicative bypassing become defective in XP
      variant and transformed XP cells when caffeine was present. It appears,
      therefore, that the replicative bypass repair process is either caffeine
      resistant or sensitive, depending on the cell type used, but not necessarily on
      the excision repair capability.

PMID- 967190
TI  - Ultrastructure of the termite-associated fungus Laboulbeniopsis termitarius.

PMID- 967191
TI  - A developmental study of the termite-associated fungus Coreomycetopsis oedipus.

PMID- 967192
TI  - Thermophilic actinomycetes from the environment.

PMID- 967193
TI  - [Therapeutic experiences with transfer factor in chronic cutaneous cadidiasis
      treatment].

PMID- 967194
TI  - [Immunological diagnosis of cryptococcosis].

PMID- 967195
TI  - [Frequency of budding fungi demonstration in urine depending on the budding fungi
      cell count in feces of antibacterially and nonantibacterially treated children].

PMID- 967196
TI  - Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis.

PMID- 967197
TI  - [A contribution to South American blastomycosis Blastomyces brasiliensis].

PMID- 967198
TI  - [Yeast growth in the sputum dependent on the peroxidase activity of mouth cavity
      cells].

PMID- 967199
TI  - [Biometric analysis of the natural variability of mycelial growth in
      dermatophytes macro-colonies on glucose-peptone agar during the exponential
      growth phase. I. Heterogeneity of the dermatophytes inoculum].

PMID- 967200
TI  - Type B hepatitis: the infectivity of blood positive for e antigen and DNA
      polymerase after accidental needlestick exposure.
AB  - To determine the relation between the presence of donor DNA polymerase and e
      antigen, and recipient hepatitis, we tested, under code, serums from a controlled
      trial of hepatitis B immune globulin used to treat individuals accidentally
      inoculated with HBs Ag-positive blood. All recipients lacked antibody to HBs Ag.
      In 29 of 31 donors, both polymerase and e were in perfect agreement; both
      demonstrated a highly significant correlation with recipient hepatitis (P less
      than 0.001). DNA polymerase/e-negative blood did not cause hepatitis. Blood
      containing polymerase or e antigen did not cause hepatitis in six of 31 and four
      of 18 recipients, respectively. Hepatitis did not correlate with transaminase or
      duration of antigenemia in the donor. Polymerase and e appear to be indicators of
      the relative infectivity of HBs Ag-positive serum, particularly after small
      volume exposure. They may be important determinants in assessing infectivity of
      chronic carriers of HBs Ag and in evaluating efficacy of hepatitis B immune
      globulin and hepatitis B vaccines.

PMID- 967201
TI  - Polycythemia vera: stem-cell and probable clonal origin of the disease.
AB  - Two women with polycythemia vera and heterozygosity (GdB/GdA) at the X-chromosome
      linked locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied to determine the
      nature of the cellular origin of their polycythemia. In contrast to unaffected
      tissue, such as skin fibroblasts, which consisted of both B and A types, the
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of the patients' erythrocytes, granulocytes and
      platelets was only of Type A. These results provide direct evidence for the stem
      cell nature of polycythemia vera and strongly imply a clonal origin for this
      disease. The fact that no descendants of the presumed normal stem cells were
      found in circulation suggests that bone-marrow proliferation in this disorder is
      influenced by local (intramarrow) regulatory factors.

PMID- 967202
TI  - Doctors who perform operations. A study on in-hospital surgery in four diverse
      geographic areas (first of two parts).
AB  - The generous supply of surgeons in the United States stimulated a study of their
      operative work based on all operations performed by all physicians in hospitals
      of four geographic areas. Each operation was assigned a California Relative Value
      to permit work-load comparisons between specialties and practices. General
      practitioners constituted more than one quarter of physicians who performed
      operations but accounted for less than one tenth of total work. Surgical
      specialists, about half the physicians in the study, performed about 80 per cent
      of total operative work. Work loads of surgical specialists varied by
      certification, specialty, age and practice organization status. We conclude that
      far too many physicians perform surgical operations and that work loads of
      surgical specialists are modest. Calculations involving reallocation of operative
      work loads suggest that the total volume of operations in this study could have
      been handled by a substantially smaller cadre of busier surgical specialists.

PMID- 967203
TI  - Compassion in medicine: toward new definitions and new institutions.

PMID- 967204
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 43-1976.

PMID- 967205
TI  - New outpost on the trail of polycythemia vera.

PMID- 967206
TI  - Contemporary American surgery: hard data at last.

PMID- 967207
TI  - Prolactin and amenorrhea.

PMID- 967208
TI  - Echocardiogram for amyloid cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 967209
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of cocaine.

PMID- 967210
TI  - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 967211
TI  - Hemoglobin F and 2,3-DPG.

PMID- 967212
TI  - Academic community medicine.

PMID- 967213
TI  - Civilian and military medical life.

PMID- 967214
TI  - Medical care and the English language.

PMID- 967215
TI  - Sounding board. Taxation without representation: on the health bureaucracy and
      black people.

PMID- 967216
TI  - Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis and "hairy cells".

PMID- 967217
TI  - Diagnosis of cerebral embolism.

PMID- 967218
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy: report on photocoagulation.

PMID- 967219
TI  - Renal failure and antibiotics.

PMID- 967220
TI  - The swine antigen in previous influenza vaccines.

PMID- 967221
TI  - Medicine and Public Affairs. The forward plan (or wish?) for health.

PMID- 967222
TI  - Doctors who perform operations. A study on in-hospital surgery in four diverse
      geographic areas (second of two parts).

PMID- 967223
TI  - Studies on the biological effects of deuteriated organic compounds. I. Antifungal
      activity of perdeuteriated fatty acids on dermatophytes in vitro.
AB  - The antifugal activity of some perdeuteriated fatty acids, with normal chain 11
      to 18 carbon atoms, was investigated on common dermatophytes Epidermophyton
      floccosum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum under in
      vitro conditions. These studies were performed by dilution technique and with
      respiratory measurements, Perdeuteriation of some fatty acids increases their
      inhibitory effect on the dermatophyte growth. Perdeuteriated n-hendecanoic acid
      proved to be the most active of the substances tested. Possible mechanisms behind
      the enhanced antifungal activity due to the perdeuteriation of fatty acids are
      discussed.

PMID- 967224
TI  - Studies on the biological effects of deuteriated organic compounds. II.
      Morphological changes of Epidermophyton floccosum exposed to perdeuteriated n
      hendecanoic acid studied with interference contrast and scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - In order to visualise the morphological changes of Epidermophyton floccosum
      associated with exposure to perdeuteriated n-hendecanoic acid, the architecture
      of the dermatophyte was investigated by means of interference contrast and
      scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of mycelia grown on substrate
      containing perdeuteriated n-hendecanoic acid, or the unlabelled analogue, was
      compared. The perdeuteriated n-hendecanoic acid produced a characteristic
      undulant effect of the hyphae. The characteristic wave-like appearance of the
      mycelia looked similar to the curling effect occuring after treatment of
      dermatophytes with griseofulvin, but was not so pronounced. Perdeuteriated n
      hendecanoic acid, unlike the unlabelled analogue, also seems to cause a reduction
      of the number of chlamydospores perforations of the macroconidia. The changes in
      the morphological structure of Epidermophyton floccosum exposed to pereuteriated
      n-hendecanoic acid have been investigated. Morphological examination of mycelia
      exposed to this substance by interference contrast microscopy demonstrated a
      picture of defect hyphae and macroconidia. By the aid of scanning electron
      microscopy we have attempted to obtain a better visualization of these changes at
      ultrastructural level.

PMID- 967225
TI  - Studies on the biological effects of deuteriated organic compounds. III.
      Antifungal activity of perdeuteriated fatty acids on dermatophytes in vivo
      experimental microsporie in guinea pigs.
AB  - Investigations on the antimycotic properties of perdeuteriated fatty acids were
      carried out on Microsporum cains infections in vivo. The study was performed on
      experimental microsporie in guinea pigs using four different methods, all based
      on the ability of M. canis to cause alopecia. Perdeuteriated n-hendecanoic acid
      showed in vivo a statistically significant enhanced antimycotic effect compared
      to its unlabelled analogue. This is in accordance with our previous observations
      in vitro conditions. The remaining perdeuteriated fatty acids (C12--C18) showed
      no statistically significant growth retarding effect on M. canis infections in
      guinea pigs when compared with their unlabelled analogues. The present study
      attempts to ascertain if some perdeuteriated fatty acids have any antifungal
      activity in vivo conditions. Our previous papers (3,4) concerning the evaluation
      of the antifungal activity of some perdeuteriated fatty acids on dermatophytes in
      vitro, demonstrated that the perdeuteriation of n-hendecanoic acid, lead to a
      pronounced antimycotic effect on common dermatophytes as e.g. E. floccosum, T.
      rubrum, M. canis and T. mentagrophytes. As our previous results indicate a
      decreasing of fungistasis with an increasing carbon-chain length of the
      perdeuteriated fatty acids, we have attempted to verify this observation in vivo
      conditions. A special interest was, of course, focused on the most promising
      compound, the perdeuteriated n-hendecanoic acid.

PMID- 967226
TI  - Kerion-like tinea capitis and barbae caused by Microsporum gypseum in Israel.
AB  - Four cases of hair invasion by Microsporum gypseum are reported. In three the
      scalp was involved and in one, the beard. All presented a kerion type of
      invasion. In 3 cases hair penetration was of the ectothrix type, while in one
      case the kerion of the scalp resembled the type of invasion seen in T. schonleini
      infection. None of the invaded hairs showed fluorescence in Wood's light. The
      soil was the source of infection in 3 patients, the fungus having been isolated
      from soil samples collected in the vicinity of the houses of these patients
      through the hair bait method. In one case the source of contamination was the
      family dog, in which scaly, alopecic, follicularlike lesions caused by the same
      agent were found.

PMID- 967227
TI  - Fungal degradation of anaerobically digested sewage sludge.
AB  - Fifty isolates of fungi were screened for their ability to grow on and degrade
      sludge. Cunninghamella elegans was selected for further study of degradation as
      affected by moisture, nutrients, time and temperature. Maximal sludge degradation
      (total dry weight basis) was 5.8% by Rhizopus oligosporus, 5.4% by C. elegans and
      5.3% by Myrothecium verrucaria, representing approximately 11% degradation of the
      organic matter present. Added nutrients had little or no effect on sludge
      degradation. Maximal sludge degradation by C. elegans occurred in three weeks at
      30-35 C or four weeks at 25 and 40 C.

PMID- 967228
TI  - Miconazole in the treatment of superficial mycoses.
AB  - Miconazole nitrate (2%) cream was evaluated in the treatment of superficial
      mycoses. Out of 116 patients having multiple clinical diagnoses, 66 cases were
      found to be positive by culture. Species of Trichophyton were the predominant
      etiological agents (in over 60%) followed by Candida species (20%) and
      Epidermophyton floccosum (15%). All the cases selected for study were followed up
      to a period of 4-18 months. A cure rate of 94.6 per cent was observed in all the
      cases where causal organisms were isolated. Significantly high cure rate (66%)
      was also seen in cases where causal organisms could not be isolated, including
      cases of tinea versicolor. Results of mycological examination were in confirmity
      with the clinical results.

PMID- 967229
TI  - History of drug use.

PMID- 967230
TI  - Development of injectable microcapsules for use in the treatment of narcotic
      addiction.
AB  - Injectible microcapsules containing narcotic antagonists have been prepared with
      dl-poly (lactic acid) as the coating material. The encapsulation technology has
      developed to the point that high yields of less than 180 mu capsules can be
      prepared routinely. Such capsules with an initial payload of 50 wt. % naltrexone
      pamoate provide 60-90% antagonism to the action of morphine 28 days after
      injection into mice as a peanut oil/aluminum monostearate suspension at a dose
      level of 40 miligrams naltrexone pamoate/ kg. mouse.

PMID- 967231
TI  - Long-acting narcotic antagonist complexes.
AB  - We evaluated the ability of close to 100 organic acids to form water-soluble
      salts with methadone, cyclazocine, naloxone, naltrexone and, more recently,
      diprenorphine. About half the acids yielded insoluble salts. Polybasic acids
      affording insoluble salts were evaluated for their ability to form
      drug:acid:metal complexes with the polyvalent metal ions, Zn++, Al+++, Mg++ and
      Ca++. Optimum conditions for forming complexes have been developed and the
      consistency of their composition has been established. Salts were analyzed
      spectrophotometrically for drug content, and complexes were analyzed for drug and
      metal content. The in vitro degree of dissociation at equilibrium was measured
      for the preparations suspended in a simulated physiological buffer, pH 7.3.
      Preparations of the narcotic antagonist drugs showing relatively low degrees of
      dissociation in vitro, since it early appeared that a high degree of dissociation
      contraindicated a prolonged duration of pharmacological action, were evaluated in
      mice after intramuscular administration at several dose levels by the mouse tail
      flick test for the potency and duration of their morphine antagonist activity.
      Our most promising preparations to date, showing the most prolonged durations of
      action without evidence of gross toxicity, are naltrexone zinc tannate and
      naltrexone aluminum tannate. These are undergoing detailed evaluation as
      potential clinical candidates. Thus far, the most useful of several dosage forms
      studied is a suspension in an aluminum monostearate gel.

PMID- 967232
TI  - Sustained release of naltrexone from glyceride implants.
AB  - Solid dispersions of naltrexone in natural glycerides were used to form
      injectable implants which continuously release narcotic antagonists in vivo. The
      dispersions were formed and tested either as small cylindrical pellets, e.g. l x
      3.0 mm in size, or as particles with diameters in size ranges between 125-250 mu,
      that are suspended in an aqueous methyl cellulose solution. Both types of
      implants delivered naltrexone to mice at rates that were effective in blocking
      the antiociceptive action of morphine for at least one month. The rate of
      naltrexone release was controlled by altering its concentration in the dispersion
      and by varying the glyceride composition. Degradation and absorption of the
      implants were found to depend on their composition, dimensions and location in
      the body. No appreciable tissue incompatibility was seen in mice, rats, rabbits,
      monkeys and swine, even when long-lasting preparations were removed a year after
      treatment.

PMID- 967233
TI  - Use of synthetic polypeptides in the preparation of biodegradable delivery
      vehicles for narcotic antagonists.
AB  - Synthetic polypeptides consisting of copolymers of glutamic acid and leucine have
      been shown to be useful materials for the fabrication of practical, biodegradable
      delivery vehicles for narcotic antagonists. Model delivery vehicles in film form
      were prepared from copolymers containing 10 mole percent to 40 mole percent
      glutamic acid, and loaded with 10% to 40% naltrexone by weight. The naltrexone
      was found to be released by diffusion, exhibiting diffusion coefficients that
      varied as a function of the glutamic acid content and the initial naltrexone
      loading. A wide range in diffusion coefficients were achieved (0.31 x 10-7 cm2/hr
      to 120 x 10-7 cm2/hr), leading to release rates within practical ranges of
      interest for meeting the program goals. We have demonstrated that the
      polypeptides can be fabricated into dosage forms that are amenable to
      administration by trochar. For example, rods 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm in diameter
      containing as much as 40% naltrexone by weight were extruded using a simple
      compression mold and die arrangement. An in vitro evaluation of the rods showed
      that antagonist is released by diffusion at a continuously decreasing rate, a
      behavior similar to that observed with the film devices that were, nonetheless,
      capable of blocking an AD80 challenge of morphene sulfate in mice for more than
      30 days. One of the most promising delivery vehicles that we have developed to
      date consists of a polypeptide tube filled with a naltrexone/polypeptide core.
      Preliminary experiments have shown that these devices may be capable of
      administering high, constant rates of release for prolonged periods of time.
      Additional work, however, is required to develop techniques for the preparation
      of reproducible delivery vehicles.

PMID- 967234
TI  - Development of Chronomers tm for narcotic antagonists.
AB  - The object of this program is to prepare a bioerodable naltrexone delivery system
      which can be implanted subcutaneously in humans and which can relieve the
      narcotic antagonist over 1-6 months at relatively constant and sufficient rates
      to block the euphoric effect of morphine based drugs. The system is composed of
      naltrexone uniformly dispered in a solid hydropholic CHRONOMER TM matrix which
      undergoes predictable surface erosion when exposed to an aqueous medium. Kinetic
      studies in vitro have been carried out during the course of the program to
      determine the best composition for the system. Toxilogical studies conducted at
      ALZA during the past 2 years have not revealed limiting adverse effects of either
      the CHRONOMER TM materials or their hydrolysis products. The tail-flick test
      procedure was used to measure the effectiveness of naltrexone to antagonize the
      analgesis of morphine in rats. Naltrexone infused intravenously at doses of 4 and
      16 ug/kg/hr resulted in, after 6 hours, 54 and 89% antagonism, respectively,
      against a 63.5% effective dose of morphine. Perliminary sterilization studies
      showed that no adverse effects to CHRONOMER TM/naltrexone systems occurred after
      exposure to 2.5 or 5.0 mrads of 60CO irradiation.

PMID- 967235
TI  - Young men and drugs-a nationwide survey.

PMID- 967236
TI  - Effects of labeling the "drug-abuser": an inquiry.

PMID- 967237
TI  - Separate radioimmune measurements of body fluid delta9-THC and 11-nor-9-carboxy
      delta9-THC.

PMID- 967238
TI  - Analytical methods for the determination of cannabinoids in biological media.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study of the blood plasma levels in man of delta9
      tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol has
      been carried out by means of combined gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis.
      In some cases comparison of the data was obtained on the same sample using thin
      layer chromatography of radiolabeled samples and electron capture gas-liquid
      chromatography. For the mass spectral studies appropriately deuterium labeled
      analogs of the previously named compounds were used both as internal standards
      and as a carrier for the relatively small amounts of nonlabeled drug present in
      plasma. Blood samples were obtainted at periodic intervals up to 24 hours from
      volunteers receiving 4-5 mg delta9-THC intravenously. After extraction and "clean
      up" by Sephadex chromatography, the extracts were concentrated and subjected to
      glc-ms in the electron impact (ei) mode or alternatively with a chemical
      ionization (ci) source, in which case preliminary chromatography could be
      omitted. In all cases calibration curves were obtained from replicate analyses of
      spiked plasma containing the internal standard and various quantities of the
      cannabinoid under analysis. A typical biphasic elimination of the drug was
      observed with rapid elimination of delta9-THC from the blood over a period of 40
      min followed by a much slower elimination up to 24 hours. The experimental data
      show that 11-hydroxy-delta9-THC is found in the plasma in quantities only about
      one-twentieth to one-twenty-fifth the values found for delta9-THC. Cannabinol was
      not found in significant quantities. Good agreement was obtained between the mass
      spectral analyses and the thin layer chromatography or electron capture gas
      liquid chromatographic procedures.

PMID- 967239
TI  - Separation and sensitive assay of THC in biological fluids by HPLC and GLC.
AB  - HPLC systems were developed to permit quantitative separation of delta9
      tetrahydrocannabinol from many of the heptane extractable lipoidal and other
      endogenous substances in biological fluids. These substances interfered with the
      quantification by flame ionization GLC of unmodified compound and by electron
      capture GLC of pentafluorobenzoylated compound. Reverse phase HPLC elution, with
      47% acetonitrile in water, and normal phase HPLC with 25% chloroform in heptane,
      separated tetrahydrocannabinol from 11-hydroxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and
      other monohydroxylated tetrahydrocannabinols. These systems also purified stock
      solutions of tetrahydrocannabinol from accompanying contaminants. The various
      monohydroxylated tetrahydrocannabinols were resolved from each other in normal
      phase, 80% chloroform in heptane. The delta8 and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinols
      were separable in normal phase with 5% tetrahydrofuran in hexane. The GLC
      analysis of pentafluorobenzoylated tetrahydrocannabinol had a sensitivity of 1
      ng/ml of plasma with an estimated 5% standard error of an assay with the
      extraction and GLC procedures given herein. Radiochemical analysis of the HPLC
      separated fraction had s sensitivity of 0.2 ng/ml of plasma with an estimated 2%
      standard error of an assay. There was no significant difference between the
      liquid scintillation and electron capture GLC assays of the HPLC separated delta9
      tetrahydrocannabinol obtained from the plasma of dogs administered the drug.
      Radiolabelled compounds can be added to plasma samples as internal standards to
      determine the recovery efficiencies of the several procedures in the analysis of
      unlabelled tetrahydrocannabinol.

PMID- 967240
TI  - Detection and quantification of tetrahydrocannabinol in blood plasma.

PMID- 967241
TI  - A method for the identification of acid metabolites of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
      by mass fragmentography.

PMID- 967242
TI  - Quantitation of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in body fluids by gas
      chromatography/chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.

PMID- 967243
TI  - HPLC-MS determination of delta9-tetrahydrocannabiol in human body samples.

PMID- 967244
TI  - Rolling hairpin model for replication of parvovirus and linear chromosomal DNA.
AB  - A novel, quasicircular scheme is proposed for the replication of parvovirus DNA.
      Daughter strands are initiated after the copying and rearrangement of a terminal
      palindromic sequence, a process termed 'hairpin transfer'. Such a process may be
      involved in the replication of other viruses and host cell DNA.

PMID- 967245
TI  - Possible repair of carcinogenic damage caused by dimethylnitrosamine in rat
      kidney.

PMID- 967246
TI  - Specific binding of a somatomedin-like polypeptide in rat serum depends on growth
      hormone.

PMID- 967247
TI  - Magnesium required for serum-stimulation of growth in cultures of chick embryo
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 967248
TI  - Clq production and secretion by fibroblasts.

PMID- 967249
TI  - Interaction of lighting and other environmental variables on activity of
      hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system.

PMID- 967250
TI  - A discontinuous relationship between the acetylcholine-activated channel
      conductance and temperature.

PMID- 967251
TI  - Long term potentiation is accompanied by a reduction in dendritic responsiveness
      to glutamic acid.

PMID- 967252
TI  - Inhibitory postsynaptic current in voltage-clamped crayfish muscle.

PMID- 967253
TI  - alpha-Adrenergic receptors and pacemaker current in cardiac Purkinje fibres.

PMID- 967254
TI  - Spontaneous repetitive hyperpolarisations from cells in the rat adenohypophysis.

PMID- 967255
TI  - Vitamin d-stimulated intestinal calcium absorption may not involve calcium
      binding protein directly.

PMID- 967256
TI  - Unexpected occurrence of an aminoacylated nucleoside in mammalian tRNATyr.

PMID- 967257
TI  - Primary processes in photochemistry of rhodopsin at room temperature.

PMID- 967258
TI  - Structure of thymidylyl-3',5'-deoxyadenosine.

PMID- 967259
TI  - [Atmospheric trace chemicals].
AB  - This paper deals with the important trace-materials in the natural and
      anthropogenetic influenced atmosphere. They exist as gases as well as solid and
      solid-fluid particles. They are significant for numerous physical processes in
      the atmosphere and have also a direct influence on our biological environment.

PMID- 967260
TI  - [Mechanism of elution of antibiotics from so-called bone cements].

PMID- 967261
TI  - [Coupling of polymethylmethacrylates with copper compounds for long-term
      prevention of infection with endoprostheses].

PMID- 967262
TI  - Water balance, metabolism, and heart rate in the fennec.

PMID- 967263
TI  - Atmospheric ozone and man-made pollution.
AB  - Atmospheric photochemistry and transport processes, related to the ozone layer,
      are discussed. Natural or man-made changes of the biosphere, variations of
      radiation, or general circulation as well as anthropogenic release of ozone
      destroying catalysts are likely to alter the earth's ozone shield. The possible
      effects of ozone depletion caused by supersonic aircraft, nuclear weapons,
      nitrogen fertilizers, and chlorofluoromethanes are discussed.

PMID- 967264
TI  - [Influence of cadmium on Chlorella growth].

PMID- 967265
TI  - Model studies on the accumulation of herbicides by microalgae.

PMID- 967266
TI  - Circannual cycle of circadian cycles in a golden-mantled ground squirrel.

PMID- 967267
TI  - Cellular immunity towards Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in breast-carcinoma
      patients.

PMID- 967268
TI  - [Whitener Blankophor MBBH has no effect on mammary carcinoma induction in rats].

PMID- 967269
TI  - Progress in biochemical engineering.
AB  - Biochemical engineering is one of the answers to some of the challenges of the
      present age: hunger, shortage in raw material and energy supply and contamination
      of environment. Its contribution to the solution of these problems is the
      industrial production of protein, the use of raw materials (incl. waste products)
      not used up to now, the accomplishment of chemical reactions at ambient
      temperatures as well as the degradation or utilization of widely different waste
      materials.

PMID- 967270
TI  - [Chelating microspheric dextran-gel ion exchangers].

PMID- 967271
TI  - [Direct labeling of valine by 12C(gamma,n)11C nuclear conversion].

PMID- 967272
TI  - [Affinity of adrenal glands for gamma emittor 103Ru as acetylruthenocen].

PMID- 967273
TI  - [Changes in Zn-insulin conformation].

PMID- 967274
TI  - [Oxygen metabolism at high altitudes].

PMID- 967275
TI  - The effect of cholesterol on the cholesteric to smectic-A phase transition.

PMID- 967276
TI  - Chromosomal aberration by Aspergillus spores.

PMID- 967277
TI  - Inhibitory influence of the connecting strands in fish.

PMID- 967278
TI  - [Lead inclusions in human hair].

PMID- 967279
TI  - Dendritic forms of crystalline long-chain lipids.

PMID- 967281
TI  - [Tracking it down].

PMID- 967280
TI  - Human fetal pituitaries in nu/nu mice.

PMID- 967282
TI  - [Radiotherapeutic treatment of malignant testis tumors].

PMID- 967283
TI  - [Frigidity or hyogynesim].

PMID- 967284
TI  - [The role of electro-ophthalmology in ophthalmological diagnosis].

PMID- 967285
TI  - [Education in general medicine].

PMID- 967286
TI  - [Tuberculosis in miprant workers in the Netherlands].

PMID- 967287
TI  - [Hypertension without hypertension].

PMID- 967288
TI  - [Bleeding from a marginal vein of the placenta with the clinical symptoms of
      placental detachment].

PMID- 967289
TI  - [The early diagnosis of malignant melanomas of the skin].

PMID- 967290
TI  - [Coronary surgery in the Netherlands].

PMID- 967291
TI  - [An unusual diagnosis].

PMID- 967292
TI  - [A rare "cheerful" oligophrenic syndrome].

PMID- 967293
TI  - [5 years of morbidity registration in the private practice using pilot projects].

PMID- 967294
TI  - [Agranulocytosis during use of aprindine].

PMID- 967296
TI  - [Problems in the conception of neuroses].

PMID- 967295
TI  - [Diagnosis of thyroid gland function].

PMID- 967297
TI  - [Vertebral and basilar artery insufficiency].

PMID- 967298
TI  - [Brain stem seizures with circumscrbed elementary symptoms].

PMID- 967299
TI  - [Internuclear Opthalmoplegias. Response to the comment by R. Fotzsch].

PMID- 967300
TI  - Evidence for a free-running circadian rhythm in pituitary-adrenal function in
      blinded adult female rats.
AB  - To study the eyes' role in maintaining the circadian rhythm in pituitary-adrenal
      function, 24-h patterns of corticosterone levels were compared in intact and
      blinded adult female rats. Rats were blinded by optic enucleation at
      approximately 80 days of age. Nonstress plasma corticosterone levels were
      determined fluorometrically in serial blood samples obtained from a tail vein at
      4-h intervals for 44-h periods, 3 and 10 weeks after surgery. At 3 weeks after
      surgery, blinded and intact rats demonstrated comparable rhythms in
      corticosterone levels. At 10 weeks, steroid fluctuations in individual blinded
      rats still had an approximate 24-h periodicity. However, these fluctuations were
      no longer synchronized with the light-dark cycle or with those of other rats.
      These findings suggest that rats blinded as adults have a free-running pituitary
      adrenal circadian rhythm.

PMID- 967301
TI  - Effect of variations in pituitary-adrenal activity on dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
      activity in various regions of rat brain.
AB  - Since noradrenergic neurons in the brain appear to inhibit ACTH secretion and
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) is found in noradrenergic neurons, the effect of
      variations in pituitary-adrenal activity on the activity of DBH in the brain
      stem, hypothalamus and hippocampus was determined. There was no significant
      circadian fluctuation in hypothalamic or brain stem DBH, as measured by the
      coupled radioenzymatic method of MOLINOFF et. al. [1971]. Pentobarbital and ether
      anesthesia, injection stress and surgical stress also had no acute effect. There
      was a decrease in anterior hypothalamic DBH 30 min after immobilization stress.
      Two days after adrenalectomy, there was a decrease in DBH in the hypothalamus and
      brain stem. A large dose of corticosterone (B) caused an increase in hypothalamic
      DBH. However, a smaller dose of B which increased plasma B to values comparable
      to those produced by endogenous secretion failed to have this effect. The data
      demonstrate an effect of the adrenal glands on brain DBH activity, but it is as
      yet uncertain whether this effect is mediated by glucocorticoids.

PMID- 967302
TI  - Hypophysectomy facilitates sexual behavior in female rats.
AB  - Lordosis was elecited in 49% of 87 hormonally untreated, hypophysectomized
      ovariectomized (hypox-ovx) female rats in response to palpation of the flanks and
      perineum (vaginal stimulation was not applied). By contrast, only 12% of 113
      hormonally untreated ovariectomized (ovx) rats showed lordosis in response to
      such stimulation. Subsequently, hypox-ovx and ovx-only rats were given daily
      injections of 1 mug/kg estradiol benzoate (EB) and tested for sexual receptivity
      with males. Teh estrogen-treated hypox-ovx females became sexually receptive
      significantly earlier, and exhibited higher lordosis quotients and more
      soliciting behavior, than the estrogen-treated ovx-only rats. The increased
      sexual responsiveness in the hypox-ovx rats could be due to increased LRH
      activity. To test this, we treated hypox-ovx rats with dihydrotestosterone
      propionate (DHT-P), which suppresses plasma LH levels but is relatively
      ineffective in inducing sexual receptivity, and found a significant depression of
      lordosis responsiveness. These experiments suggest that hypox-ovx females show a
      heightened responsiveness to hormonal and/or sensory factors that induce a
      lordosis response, possibly because of increased LRH activity.

PMID- 967303
TI  - Immobilization does not inhibit the post-coital ovulatory surge of luteinizing
      hormone in the rabbit.
AB  - Heparinized blood samples were obtained through an indwelling catheter in the
      central ear artery from sexually mature female New Zealand white rabbits after
      copulation. Immediately after 1 or 2 matings the female was transferred to a
      restraining cage; blood samples were taken at intervals while the animal was
      completely immobilized for 3-5 h or was only immobilized for blood withdrawal.
      Ovulation was detected by the presence of corpora lutea at laparotomy the
      following day. Plasma was analyzed for LH by established radioimmunoassay
      procedures. Immobilization did not inhibit ovulation or the pre-ovulatory surge
      of LH in either group. These data suggest that immobilization cannot inhibit the
      reflex release of LH in the female rabbit.

PMID- 967304
TI  - Cytoplasmic and nuclear metabolism of testosterone in the brains of neonatal and
      prepubertal rats.
AB  - The metabolism of testosterone (T) in neonatal rat brains was measured following
      in vivo and in vitro incubations with 3H-testosterone.Steroids associated with
      nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of brain tissue from 4, 12, and 32-day-old male
      and female rats were identified. Although there are quantitative differences
      under different methods of incubation, in all cases more than 95% of the
      radioactivity was recovered and identified as T, or the 5alpha-reduced
      metabolities, DHT and 3alpha-androstanediol. Most of the metabolism of T occurred
      in the cytoplasm but 5alpha-reduced metabolities were also associated with
      purified nuclei. Reaction kinetics indicate that the metabolic sequence is T
      leads to DHT leads to 3alpha DIOL. DHT levels were similar in the cytoplasmic
      fractions from the neonates (4 and 12-day-old animals) and prepubertal animals
      (32-day-old animals), but 3alpha-androstanediol was significantly reduced in
      these fractions from prepubertal animals compared to those from neonates. Sex
      differences in the metabolism of T in the various subcellular fractions were not
      detectable.

PMID- 967305
TI  - [Glycolytic activity of isolated neurons from the rat central nervous system
      following carbon monoxide intoxication (Cartesian microdiver technic)].

PMID- 967306
TI  - [Effect of spinal cord ischemia on the blood-brain barrier and spinal
      microcirculation in dogs].

PMID- 967307
TI  - [Electron microscopic studies of the effect of audiogenic epileptic fits on the
      surface coat of cerebral capillaries of endothelium in mice].

PMID- 967308
TI  - [Effect of hyperoxia on developing rabbit brain. II. Late changes].

PMID- 967309
TI  - [Electron microscopic studies of intracerebral calcifications in hereditary
      paralytic tremor in pt rabbits].

PMID- 967310
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in cerebral blood vessels following prolonged
      administration of L-dopa to laboratory animals].

PMID- 967311
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on experimental hepatogenic encephalopathy.

PMID- 967312
TI  - [Role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of gliopathy in glia cultured in
      vitro].

PMID- 967313
TI  - [Incorporation of DL-methionine 3H into rat brain in the course of triethyl tin
      sulfate intoxication].

PMID- 967314
TI  - [Case of sarcoidosis of the nervous system with particular involvement of the
      spinal cord].

PMID- 967315
TI  - Experiences with the thiocarbohydrazide-mediated osmium binding in coating
      biological specimens for scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 967316
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 967317
TI  - [Practical guidelines for medical treatment of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 967318
TI  - [Chronic pancreatitis: practical guidelines for its surgical treatment].

PMID- 967319
TI  - [Gastric acid secretion and plasma gastrin in some gastropathies].

PMID- 967320
TI  - [Precancerous gastropathies and gastric tumors. Laboratory examinations].

PMID- 967321
TI  - [X-ray examinations in the early diagnosis of cancer of the stomach].

PMID- 967322
TI  - [Precancerous gastropathies and gastric tumors. General introductory remarks].

PMID- 967323
TI  - [Endoscopy in the study of precancerous gastropathies and in early diagnosis of
      gastric malignant tumors].

PMID- 967324
TI  - [Precancerous gastropathies and gastric tumors. Biopsy and gastric cytology].

PMID- 967325
TI  - [Precancerous gastropathies and gastric tumors. Practical guidelines for
      diagnosis and medical treatment].

PMID- 967326
TI  - [Precancerous gastropathies and early diagnosis of gastric malignant tumors.
      Practical guidelines for surgical treatment].

PMID- 967327
TI  - [Chronic pancreatitis: terminology and classification].

PMID- 967328
TI  - [Pathological anatomy of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 967329
TI  - [The pancreatic stimulation test with secretin in the study of chronic pancreatic
      diseases].

PMID- 967330
TI  - [Precancerous gastropathies and early diagnosis of gastric tumors].

PMID- 967331
TI  - [Endoscopic radiography of Wirsung's duct].

PMID- 967332
TI  - [X-ray symptomatology of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 967333
TI  - [Angiographic aspects of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 967334
TI  - [Contribution of pancreatic scintiscanning to the diagnosis of chronic
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 967335
TI  - [Acute plasma-cell leukemia. Report of a case].
AB  - A case of fatal, diffused plasmacytoma is presented. The picture also included
      leukaemia and is felt to be an example of plasma-cell leukaemia, as opposed to
      plasmacytoma in the light of the anatomical and clinical features of the onset
      and course: high and very pronounced plasma-cell leukocytosis, diffuse
      proliferation of the plasma cell series in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph
      nodes, infiltration of plasma cells in the parenchymal organs, extremely rapid
      progress with serious anaemia, haemorrhage, general organic involvement, high
      fever, and infection.

PMID- 967336
TI  - [Clinical applicability of an enzyme micromethod for the rapid determination of
      blood sugar].
AB  - The clinical applicability of an enzymatic micromethod for the fast determination
      of glycaemia is discussed. The method is based on the use of an optical
      reflectometer for the quantitative reading of the variation in colour intensity
      of specific reactive strips for the semi-quantitative evaluation of blood
      glucose. Thanks to the method's rapidity and simplicity, it can be used for mass
      screening and is also very useful for the routine investigations of Diabetologic
      Centres. It is also invaluable for the identification of emergency clinical
      situations.

PMID- 967337
TI  - [Salmonella infections].

PMID- 967338
TI  - [Medical treatment of arrhythmias in myocardial infarct. Results of the use of
      bunaftine].
AB  - After a short survey of the physiopathology of arrhythmia in myocardial
      infarction, especially at the initial stage, the results of using bunaphthine in
      21 personal cases of myocardial infarction are reported and the fully
      satisfactory results described. This substance is held to be an effective, useful
      antiarrhythmia drug which can be usefully employed in the prophylaxis of
      arrhythmia in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 967339
TI  - [On a syndrome of immunopathic type with pleural and systemic localization
      observed in patients with intracavitary electrostimulators. Considerations on 4
      cases].
AB  - The complications arising out of the installation of pacemakers are listed and
      classified and it is suggested that a syndrome characterized by recurrent pleural
      effusion recalcitrant to the usual medico-depletive therapies, observed in four
      patients with pacemakers, should be included among such complications. The
      clinical pictures of the syndrome is described in detail and particular attention
      is paid to its date of onset in relation to installation of the pacemaker, early
      symptomatology, the most typical symptoms, clinico-humoral development, prognosis
      and therapy. Some theoretical and practical remarks are also offered,
      specifically three pathogenetic suggestions are formulated on the basis of
      clinical and developmental features but mainly in relation to humoral and
      immunological findings. These suggestions stress alternative interpretations of
      the syndrome: A) as an autoimmune disease arising secondary to surgical
      denaturation of myocardial and/or endocardial autoantigens; B) as a systemic
      autoimmune disease due to congenital or acquired insufficiency of immunological
      homeostasis; C) as a monosymptomatic pleural form of systemic lupus erythematodes
      with late clinical outbreak. The fascinating pathogenetic, clinical, biological
      and therapeutic resemblances between the present syndrome and the post-infarctual
      syndrome of Dressler and Johnson's post-pericardiotomic syndrome are pointed out
      and it is suggested that complications of medical nature already described as
      being secondary to the installation of pacemakers, such as endocarditis and
      pericarditis, should be looked at from an autoimmune type of pathogenetic
      viewpoint. Finally, in the light of personal observations, the need for
      immunological study of high risk patients, namely relations of patients with
      autoimmune diseases, is stressed. All candidates for pacemaker installation
      should also be included. Routine screening of this type would take on enormous
      practical importance as it would enable preventive or curative treatment to be
      undertaken to modify the immunitary balance of those subjects in whom pacemaker
      installation is liable to trigger off critical, irreversible breakdown in
      immunitary homoeostasis of which the syndrome in question would seem to be the
      most dramatic, but perhaps no the only, clinical manifestation.

PMID- 967340
TI  - [Recording of the potential of the bundle of His through the veins of the arm].
AB  - A new technique for recording His bundle and right branch potential through the
      veins of the arm instead of by the femoral route is described. Recordings were
      carried out in 70 patients. In 10, His potential was recorded simultaneously by
      the femoral and brachial routes. Potentials proved to be similar as regards
      morphology and duration; A-V conduction time proved identical while there were
      slight variations in His node conduction time since the atriogram revealed
      varying intrinsic deflexions. It is thus possible to confirm that the recording
      of His potential by the brachial route offers various advantages: 1) it takes
      less time than the femoral route; 2) it is an excellent alternative if, for
      various reasons, the patient cannot be examined by the femoral route; 3) His
      potential can be monitored more easily because of the greater stability of the
      catheter and the provisional electrosimulation using the same catheter when
      necessary; 4) contemporaneous recording of right branch and His bundle potential
      is possible in association with the femoral technique with better results than
      those obtained using multipolar catheters; 5) it is without complications: i.e.
      the phlebitis, phlebothrombosis, a-v fistula, and pulmonary emboly which, however
      rarely, may occur when using the femoral route.

PMID- 967341
TI  - [Supravalvular aortic stenosis. 6 operated cases].
AB  - 6 cases of aortic supravalvular stenosis with associated abnormalities are
      reported. An aetiopathogenetic, anatomopathological and clinical discussion
      follows and the excellent results obtained with the therapy employed are
      reported.

PMID- 967342
TI  - [Whole body plethysmography].

PMID- 967343
TI  - [Critical analysis of the diagnostic value of the flow-volume curve].
AB  - Changes in the flow-volume curve after administration of a bronchodilator were
      studied in reversible bronchial obstruction. The concept of isovolume is used in
      analysis of the curve indices, i.e. it is felt that the index (75, 60, 50, 25%
      FVC) after administration should be fixed on the curve at the same volume as on
      the basic curve to enable an indirect account to be taken of changes in flow in
      function of time, since, if resistance is reduced, the emitted volume varies in
      the same period even though the conditions promoting the flow are unchanged.

PMID- 967344
TI  - [Albers-Schoenberg disease in adults. Description of a case].
AB  - -- A benign form of Albers Schonberg disease (osteopetrosis) is described. The
      clinical and pathogenetical aspects are discussed and the findings compared with
      the literature. The diagnosis was made on the basis of radiological findings and
      histological results of bone biopsy.

PMID- 967345
TI  - [Incidence of home accidents in childhood. Clinico-statistical considerations].

PMID- 967346
TI  - [Conservative technics in surgery of the mitral valve].

PMID- 967347
TI  - [Valve substitution with homografts].

PMID- 967348
TI  - [Aortic valve substitution with artificial prostheses].

PMID- 967349
TI  - [Mitral valve substitution with artificial prostheses].

PMID- 967350
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acquired valvular diseases. A new type of artificial
      prosthesis].

PMID- 967351
TI  - [The surgical risk in correction of valvular defects].

PMID- 967352
TI  - [Control of patients undergoing valve substitution operations].

PMID- 967353
TI  - [Current trends in protection of the myocardium in valve substitution
      operations].

PMID- 967354
TI  - [Effect of S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe) on some endocrine parameters in normal
      adult subjects].
AB  - No changes in serum prolactin, TSH and LH were noted when the antidepressant s
      adenosylmethionine was given i.v. to 7 normal adults of both sexes. It would thus
      appear that the drug's antidepressant effect is not mediated by TSH. The results
      obtained are not comparable with those observed by other workers in the rat.

PMID- 967355
TI  - [Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and blood gastrin].
AB  - On the basis of some experimental observations of hypergastrinemia in animals
      chronically intoxicated with ethanol, both fasting and after meals serum gastrin
      were determined in patients affected by chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. A
      significant increase in serum gastrin levels was observed in patients with
      chronic pancreatitis compared with controls, both in basal conditions and
      following food stimulation. The physiopathological hypotheses and possible
      aetiopathogenetic implications suggested by such gastrin behaviour are discussed.

PMID- 967356
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis and hyperlipoproteinemia].
AB  - About 10 patients admitted with acute pancreatitis were also, found to have
      Fredrikson type V hyperlipoproteinaemia. Eight were males aged less than 45 yr.
      Awareness of the aetiopathogenetic and metabolic aspects of this increasingly
      common association and its clinical identification form the sine qua non in the
      prevention of recurrences via marked dietary restriction of fats.

PMID- 967357
TI  - [Changes in vitro of the electrolyte content and erythrocyte volume of the venous
      blood of patients with chronic pneumopathy subjected to tonometry in oxygen].
AB  - As previously observed in vivo, statistically significant variations
      characterized by increase in chlorine and diminution in sodium, associated with
      an increase in red cell volume, have been noted in vitro in samples of venous
      blood taken from patients undergoing tonometry under oxygen. These variations
      appear to be independent of the basic concentration of chlorine and do not occur
      if the blood samples are incubated with theophylline at the same time. These
      results confirm the hypothesis of a "non respiratory" plasmatic acidifying effect
      of oxygen therapy inhibited by the antiphosphodiesterasic action of theophylline.

PMID- 967358
TI  - [Changes in paO2 and of acid-base equilibrium of the arterial blood of hypoxemic
      polyglobulic patients subjected to acute blood depletion].
AB  - Partial respiratory gas tension and acid-base equilibrium patterns were examined
      in polyglobulic patients subjected to acute blood depletion. The increase in
      oxyhaemoglobin concentration and fall in haematocrit value already described were
      confirmed. It was also noted that: 1) pH increased significantly in all subjects;
      2) urinary osmolarity increased in all subjects; 3) blood sodium and potassium
      concentration increased significantly in 14 patients (1st group), but fell in the
      2nd group (8 subjects). It is suggested, therefore, that acute blood depletion
      changes renal reabsorption of the main electrolytes, i.e. increased values in
      cases where a fall in glomerular arteriolar pressure leads to increased renal
      medullary osmolarity, and decreased values where a fall in circulation leads to
      increased arteriolar pressure, hyperosmolarity of the medulla, and retainment of
      liquids as opposed to electrolytes.

PMID- 967359
TI  - [Secretion of GH and diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - Recently it has been studied a possible pathogenetic role of GH in diabetic
      angiopathy. The purpose of the present study was to verify whether the diabetic
      retinopathy is associated or not with a high plasma GH level. In an attempt to
      answer this question we did the dosage of plasma GH after a oral glucose load
      (110 g), Insulin (0,1 U/Kg) i.v., and arginin i.v. (25 g/30'). The plasma GH
      measurements were approximately the same as in normal patients. The Authors
      underline the importance of GH in pathophysiology of diabetic angiopathy and
      report all recent literature on this argument.

PMID- 967360
TI  - [Gilbert's jaundice. Current clinico-nosographical, physiopathological and
      therapeutic aspects. Note II. The phenomenon of enzyme induction at the level of
      the liver].
AB  - After a brief survey of the various modifications that may be encountered by
      drugs through the work of systems that detoxify the liver cell, attention is
      given to the problem of enzymic induction. The latter is the result of
      derepression of a gene that codes for a given enzyme; at the molecular level,
      derepression takes place when the substrate, by changing the tertiary structure
      of the repressor, brings about its detachment from DNA: in this way, RNA
      polymerase is made capable of synthesising the corresponding mRNA. The inducing
      activity of phenobarbitone, a drug employed classically in the management of
      Gilbertian forms, must be substantially attributed to an increase in the
      synthesis of microsomial proteins, as shown by studies with labelled amino acids.

PMID- 967361
TI  - [Perforating plantar ulcers in alcoholic polyneuritis. Physiopathology; clinical
      and instrumental findings].
AB  - Notes on the anatomical and physiological features of the circulation are
      followed by a description of the main physiopathological aspects of the terminal
      circulation of the lower extremities. Reference is made to the pathogenesis and
      clinical and instrumental diagnosis of plantar ulcers in alcoholic polyneuritis,
      along with the symtoms constantly observed in a series of some 30 cases.

PMID- 967362
TI  - [Evaluation of the changes in some laboratory parameters in liver disease
      patients treated with Toxepasi Complex].
AB  - Toxepasi Complex (UDPG, glutathione and vitamin B12) was administered to patients
      with aggressive chronic hepatitis and a second group with severe cirrhosis.
      Changes in laboratory enzymological data indicative of the overall extent of
      liver damage due to cell necrosis, cholostasis and impairment of protein
      synthesis were evaluated. Decreases tending to normalisation were noted two weeks
      after the commencement of treatment, particularly in the first group. The results
      suggest that the complex may be usefully employed in the management of aggressive
      chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 967363
TI  - [Intestinal absorption of radiocalcium after long-term treatment with sodium
      fluoride in senile osteoporpsis].
AB  - Prolonged administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) in patients suffering from
      osteoporosis or Paget's disease leads to a positive calcium balance together with
      positivization of the calcium balance may mean an ins, intestinal absorption of
      calcium was evaluated directly with the oral rrotic patients; 6 months treatment
      with NaF led to a significant imprt is difficult to say how this finding is
      connected with the drug's actide apatite crystals; the crystals' greater
      stability probably leads to greater resistance of fluorated bone to the action of
      parathormone, thus bring on hypocalcaemia which homeostatically stimulates
      parathyroid hyperiirect pointer to parathyroid hyperincretion. The therapeutic
      effectiveness of NaF in diffuse decalcifying osteopathies is, however, limited by
      the drug's toxicity.

PMID- 967364
TI  - [Trial of a combination of proscillaridin A, thioridazine and Cori ester in the
      ambulatory treatment of some cardiopathies, especially senile types].
AB  - The effect of an association of proscillaridin A, thioridazine and Cori ester in
      ambulatory management of certain heart diseases, particularly in aged subjects,
      was assessed. Satisfactory results were observed in 58.3% of cases, with
      significant improvement of cardiac erethism, psychomotor instability and sleep
      disturbances, as well as cardiac frequency and signs of myocardial insufficiency.
      It is felt that the association is of assistance in the treatment of certain
      heart diseases unaccompanied by frank signs of insufficiency, especially in aged
      subjects.

PMID- 967365
TI  - [Preliminary comparative results of the detection of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg)
      in the blood of mental patients, using several methods in common use].
AB  - Radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and latex agglutination (L
      HHA) were compared in the detection of hepatitis B antigen in sera from 494
      mental patients. Positivity was observed in 39 subjects (7.9%) with RIA, 14
      (2.8%) with IEP, and 8 (1.6%) with L-HHA. The dilution titres noted with RIA were
      many times and significantly higher than those obtained with the other two
      methods. Antigen was again detected in over 50% of those subjects on whom it was
      possible to repeat the tests one year later. The advantages of RIA are stressed.

PMID- 967366
TI  - [GH secretion after L-dopa administration in hepatic cirrhosis].
AB  - A 500 mg L-Dopa administration in normal and cirrhotic subjects does not
      determinate a significant varation of plasma glucose and insulin level, while a
      peak plasma GH level in both cirrhotic and normal subjects occurred at 90' with a
      significantly greates values in cirrhotics. It is doubtful to affirm that a high
      plasma GH level is the only one factor which responsable of glucose intolerance
      in cirrhotic subjects, when there are many others factors contribute to it in
      synergic way. In order to elucidate the hypothesis on possible pathogenetic
      mechanism it is discussed some of our own experience and observations.

PMID- 967367
TI  - [Hepatic distomiasis caused by Fasciola hepatica].
AB  - A case of bile duct obstruction due to Fasciola hepatica is presented. The
      evolution, aetiopathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis and therapy of this rare
      syndrome are then discribed.

PMID- 967368
TI  - [A case of hyperosmolar diabetic coma: clinical and physiopathological aspects].

PMID- 967369
TI  - [Opposition to vaccination in Emilia].

PMID- 967370
TI  - [Cerebral vasospasm].

PMID- 967371
TI  - Sodium and potassium.

PMID- 967372
TI  - Vitamin C toxicity.

PMID- 967373
TI  - Plasma cortisol levels in human fetus during parturition.
AB  - In several mammalian species, the fetal adrenal cortex plays an important role in
      the spontaneous onset of labor. No conclusive evidence has yet been presented
      that a similar mechanism is active in humans. Although in some previous studies
      the cortisol concentration in human cord blood has been found higher after
      spontaneous labor than after induced labor, it has not been possible to determine
      whether this rise in the fetal cortisol level precedes the onset of parturition
      or is a consequence of labor. In the present study, starting at the earliest
      possible stage of labor, fetal scalp blood samples were taken sequentially during
      16 spontaneous and 13 induced vaginal deliveries. Cortisol levels in these 2
      goups of samples were compared with each other and also with cord blood cortisol
      levels in 11 patients undergoing elective cesarean section. The initial fetal
      cortisol levels did not differ between groups with different modes of labor
      onset. A pronounced rise of plasma cortisol levels occurred during labor in
      simultaneously sampled maternal and fetal blood. These results do not support the
      concept of a role for the fetal adrenal cortex in the initiation of labor in
      humans; they invalidate the use of cortisol concentration in cord blood for the
      estimation of prelabor fetal cortisol level. The origin of the cortisol surge in
      fetal plasma during labor and also whether the fetal adrenocortical function
      responds to the stress of labor are discussed. It is concluded that the rise of
      fetal cortisol levels during labor might mainly be a reflection of the maternal
      response to stress.

PMID- 967374
TI  - Serum cortisol and 11-desoxycortisol levels in hirsute premenopausal women.
AB  - It has been postulated that hirsute patients may have a relative deficiency in
      11beta-hydroxylase activity of the adrenal cortex. In order to test this
      postulate, we have measured the serum levels of cortisol (Cp F) and 11
      desoxycortisol (Cp S) and estimated the Cp S/Cp F ratio in 9 nonhirsute and 34
      hirsute premenopausal women. As a group, the hirsute patients had significantly
      elevated (P less than 0.05) mean Cp F and Cp S levels but the mean Cp S/Cp F
      ratio was not significantly different from normal. Considered individually, only
      3 hirsute patients had a Cp S/Cp F ratio greater than 2 SD above the mean normal
      levels. These ratios were 0.0218, 0.0139, and 0.023. If there is indeed an 11beta
      hydroxylase deficiency in these 3 patients, it must be relatively minor, since a
      patient with documented 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency had Cp S levels of 218
      ng/ml and a Cp S/Cp F ratio of 0.7. Our data suggest that 11beta-hydroxylase
      deficiency is not a common cause of hirsutism.

PMID- 967375
TI  - Incidence of endometriosis among Japanese women.
AB  - Clinical experience based on gynecologic practice in Hawaii indicated a high
      incidence of endometriosis among Oriental women. To investigate this impression,
      a statistical analysis of gynecologic admissions and of diagnoses of
      endometriosis was performed on the basis of race at three hospitals, two in
      Hawaii and one in Japan. The result supports the impression that the Japanese
      female population has a high incidence of endometriosis. Approximately 10% of
      their gynecologic admissions were for endometriosis. The order of incidence in
      other racial groups was non-Japanese Oriental, white, and black.

PMID- 967376
TI  - Venereal transmission of hepatitis B virus. The possible role of vaginal
      secretions.
AB  - The presence of Type B viral (Australia antigen related serum) hepatitis in
      vaginal specimens was investigated and compared with that in saliva specimens in
      a group of patients during the acute phase of their illness. Hepatitis B surface
      antigen was detectable in most vaginal and salivary secretions during the phase
      of antigenemia and not in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative controls. Despite
      care in collection, occult blood was detected in the majority of specimens, but
      the positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen did not depend on the presence of
      occult blood. Recovery studies were performed in both vaginal fluids and saliva
      to determine if inhibitors to hepatitis B surface antigen were similar to those
      observed in stool samples. Significant inhibition was not observed. Although
      infectivity of the specimens was not established from this study, handling of
      these specimens as potentially infective material is recommended.

PMID- 967377
TI  - Intrauterine adhesions secondary to elective abortion. Hysteroscopic diagnosis
      and management.
AB  - Ten patients who developed Asherman's syndrome following elective first trimester
      abortion underwent outpatient hysteroscopy under local anesthesia. Six of the 10
      patients had hysterosalpingograms prior to surgery. Correlation between the
      radiographic findings and those at hysteroscopy was poor. Treatment consisted of
      hysteroscopic lysis of adhesions, placement of an IUD or Foley catheter, and
      sequential estrogen-progestin administration. Normal menses were resumed in all
      women. Hysteroscopy was also used for followup in 4 patients. Outpatient
      hysteroscopy under local anesthesia is safe and is the method of choice for
      diagnosing, treating, and following patients with Asherman's syndrome.

PMID- 967378
TI  - Pregnancy following jejunoileal bypass. Effects on fetal outcome.
AB  - Four cases of pregnancy following jejunoileal bypass surgery for obesity are
      presented, and 9 cases from the recent literature are reviewed. Pregnancy after
      bypass surgery often resulted in low-birthweight infants (46%) at term, and this
      was especially true when conception occurred within 2 years of the surgery. In
      light of these findings it may be advisable to postpone pregnancy until after the
      second postoperative year.

PMID- 967379
TI  - Progesterone levels in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma in prostaglandin
      F2alpha-induced midtrimester abortion.
AB  - Progesterone concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma were determined
      in 11 midtrimester pregnant patients following the intraamniotic administration
      of prostaglandin F2alpha. Samples were obtained at 3-hour intervals until
      abortion or spontaneous rupture of membranes occurred or fetal heart tones
      disappeared. In amniotic fluid, the mean progesterone concentrations increased
      throughout the sampling period. The plasma progesterone levels declined by about
      one-third of basal values in the first 3 hours after prostaglandin
      administration. The paradoxic increase in amniotic fluid progesterone is probably
      secondary to alterations in uterine blood flow and intrauterine pressure.

PMID- 967380
TI  - Gonococcemia in pregnancy.
AB  - A case of gonococcemia in pregnancy in which the patient presented with the
      classic clinical manifestations of gonococcemia--cutaneous lesions, arthritis,
      and possibly pericarditis--is reported. A review of the literature reveals a
      dramatic increase in incidence of gonorrhea and the increasing importance of the
      complications associated with this disease, particularly in pregnancy.
      Recommendations regarding recognition of gonococcemia, criteria for diagnosis,
      and treatment are presented.

PMID- 967381
TI  - The effect of drugs on uterine activity.
AB  - Uterine activity was measured for a 30-minute preinjection period and a 30-minute
      postinjection period for six drugs commonly used in labor. Uterine activity was
      quantitated by measuring the area below the uterine pressure curve with an on
      line technic utilizing a voltage control oscillator. Uterine activity readings
      were obtained every 2.5 minutes and reported in uterine activity units (UAU).
      Unmedicated labor demonstrated a relatively static increase in UAU per unit of
      time in labor. On comparing total UAU before and after injection, only magnesium
      sulfate was noted to cause a decrease in total UAU. Utilizing 10-minute
      summations of UAU, the pre- and postinjection periods were compared to the
      calculated expected UAU for the 30 minutes following the preinjection period
      (assuming no drug had been used). For each of the other drugs, the positive slope
      of the calculated expected UAU shifted to a negative slope of the actual observed
      UAU following drug administration.

PMID- 967382
TI  - Oxytocin-induced uterine hypercontractility pressure wave forms.
AB  - To identify similarities and differences between uterine contractions in patients
      with spontaneous labor, oxytocin-corrected hypocontractility, and oxytocin
      induced hypercontractility, measurements were made of specific characteristics of
      the intrauterine wave form, including pressure, rate of change of pressure, and
      duration. Contractions from oxytocin-treated patients differed from contractions
      of those with spontaneous labor in their disproportionately high rates of rise of
      the pressure. The time to reach the maximum rate of the pressure--the start-up
      time--was reduced in oxytocin-induced hypercontractility. The data demonstrate
      that the contractions of spontaneous labor and oxytocin-augmented labor are not
      identical, and the physiologic implications are discussed.

PMID- 967383
TI  - "Prediction" of the one-minute Apgar score from fetal heart rate data.
AB  - The value of any fetal monitoring technic is in its ability to predict infant
      outcome. In the present study, the ability of fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring
      data to "predict" a measure of short-term infant outcome, the 1-minute Apgar
      score, was evaluated using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Of
      61 monitored high-risk infants, 46 had high (7 to 10) and 15 had low (1 to 6) 1
      minute Apgar scores. Computer analysis of FHR/intrauterine pressure (IUP) data
      for these 61 infants revealed that the infants with low Apgar scores had more
      than the expected number of late decelerations (LD). Using a threshold of ten LD
      and univariate analysis, 74% of the infants could be properly classified for high
      or low Apgar scores, but 60% of the infants with low Apgar scores were not
      identified. Using discriminant function (multivariate) analysis for the numbers
      of LD and uterine contractions, 47% of the depressed infants were appropriately
      identified and simple risk scoring equations were devised. Using additional
      observation vectors, including the number of accelerations and early
      decelerations, 67% of the depressed infants could be identified. The results of
      this study suggest that using multiple observation vectors improves the
      predictive capacity and, thus, the value of fetal monitoring data. Clinical
      experience suggests that the value of monitoring data can be further enhanced by
      simultaneous evaluation of other observation vectors from additional perinatal
      data sets using the technics of this study.

PMID- 967384
TI  - Fetal heart rate response to amniocentesis in cases of decreased fetal movements.
AB  - Eleven women with fetal distress as manifested by a decrease of fetal movements
      up to cessation underwent amniocentesis for amniotic fluid evaluation under
      continuous FHR monitoring. All the fetuses showed abnormal heart rate response,
      manifested by absence of FHR acceleration or early or late deceleration. The
      pathologic response, or lack of response of fetal heart rate during amniocentesis
      is suggested as an additional test to evaluate the severity of fetal distress.

PMID- 967385
TI  - The effect of diazoxide on uterine blood flow in pregnant sheep.
AB  - Diazoxide, a labor inhibiting agent, was administered intravenously at various
      rates to seven pregnant, near-term sheep to evaluate its effect on cardiovascular
      and uterine hemodynamics. Uterine blood flow was measured with electromagnetic
      flow transducers. Rapid administration of diazoxide resulted in a profound
      maternal tachycardia with hypotension, an increase in uterine vascular
      resistance, and a significant decrease in uterine blood flow. With slow infusion
      of the drug, the changes in heart rate and blood pressure were minimized, uterine
      vascular resistance was decreased, and uterine blood flow was maintained.
      Therefore, slow infusion appears to be the preferred method for inhibiting labor
      with diazoxide.

PMID- 967386
TI  - The synergistic effect of calcium and prostaglandin F2alpha in second trimester
      abortion. A pilot study.
AB  - A clinical use of the basic science phenomenon that prostaglandin is synergistic
      with calcium in increasing uterine contractility has been demonstrated. Twenty
      five women had midtrimester abortions induced with intraamniotic calcium
      gluconate followed by prostaglandin F2alpha. All patients aborted within 21 hours
      with minimal toxicity. The mean injection-to-abortion interval was 13.5 hours in
      the group of women without a preinjection laminaria and 10.1 hours in patients
      when a laminaria was included in the protocol.

PMID- 967387
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 induction of labor for fetal demise.
AB  - Intrauterine fetal demise is a source of anxiety to both patient and physician.
      Heretofore, the standard treatment was either careful observation until the
      patient went into labor or attempt at induction of labor with oxytocin.
      Unfortunately, oxytocin stimulation has not proven to be uniformly successful for
      this problem. Prostaglandin E2 suppositories have been shown to be effective in
      inducing uterine evacuation after intrauterine fetal demise. In the opinion of
      the authors, this approach will in the future replace the sometimes dangerous and
      emotionally laden convention of watchful delayed therapy.

PMID- 967388
TI  - Estrogens and endometrial cancer.

PMID- 967389
TI  - Massive ovarian enlargement in an obese patient.

PMID- 967390
TI  - Gonadal calcification. Indication for gonadectomy in gonadal dysgenesis.
AB  - Germ cell tumors, including gonadoblastoma, are usually found in patients with
      gonadal dysgenesis who have Y chromatin in their genotype. Diffuse calcification
      is a common finding in gonadoblastomas. Bilateral calcifications in the gonadal
      sites were seen on the intravenous pyelogram of a patient with 46,XX pure gonadal
      dysgenesis. Although the calcification was present in the fimbria of the
      fallopian tube, we suggest that gonadectomy is indicated in the patient with
      gonadal dysgenesis and probably gonadal calcification.

PMID- 967391
TI  - Malignant manifestation of benign gastric and duodenal neoplasms.

PMID- 967393
TI  - Maternal mortality report for Ohio--1973.

PMID- 967392
TI  - Aspirin hepatotoxicity in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 967394
TI  - Simplified intermaxillary fixation.

PMID- 967395
TI  - The role of hypnosis in today's medicine.

PMID- 967396
TI  - Management of alimentary fistulas.

PMID- 967397
TI  - Spastic dysphonia.

PMID- 967398
TI  - Optico-oto-diabetic syndrome.

PMID- 967399
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of melanoblastomas of the choroid.
AB  - With the scanning electron microscopic study of a case of the fascicular and two
      cases of epithelioid melanoblastomas it has been found that the shape of the
      cells is more variable than it was believed before on the basis of light
      microscopy. Certain types of arrangement described in histological observations,
      e.g. the fascicular type, can also be well demonstrated by scanning electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 967400
TI  - Peripheral vision in children.
AB  - A comparison of peripheral vision in adults and children showed that children had
      reduced sensitivity in a standard visual field examination. The constriction of
      the visual field amounted to 0.4 log units at 30 degrees excentricity in a static
      perimetric test. This loss was maintained in a spatial forced choice experiment
      without foreknowledge of target location. However, in a temporal forced choice
      experiment with foreknowledge of target position the difference between children
      and adults was reduced to 0.1 log units. It is thought, therefore, that the
      former visual loss in children is due to the nature of the task rather than to
      deficiencies in the visual mechanisms.

PMID- 967401
TI  - Are the oldest 'fossils', fossils?
AB  - A comparative statistical study has been carried out on populations of modern
      algae, of Precambrian algal microfossils, of the 'organized elements' of the
      Orgueil carbonaceous meteorite, and of the oldest microfossil-like objects now
      known (spheroidal bodies from the Fig Tree and Onverwacht Groups of the Swaziland
      Supergroup, South Africa). The distribution patterns exhibited by the greater
      than 3000 m.y.-old Swaziland microstructures bear considerable resemblance to
      those of the abiotic 'organized elements' but rather markedly differ from those
      exhibited by younger, assuredly biogenic, populations. Based on these comparisons
      it is concluded that the Swaziland spheroids could be, at least in part, of non
      biologic origin; these oldest known fossil-like micro-structures should not be
      regarded as constituting firm evidence of Archean life.

PMID- 967402
TI  - Evolution of the concepts of the origin of life, 1924-1974.

PMID- 967404
TI  - Terminology in origin of life studies.

PMID- 967403
TI  - Abiotic origin of biopolymers.
AB  - A variety of methods have been investigated in different laboratories for the
      polymerization of amino acids and nucleotides under abiotic conditions. They
      include (1) thermal polymerization, (2) direct polymerization of certain amino
      acid nitriles, amides or esters, (3) pi, Tokyo 194, Japan.

PMID- 967405
TI  - Comment on the position of nitrate respiration in metabolic evolution.

PMID- 967406
TI  - Evolutionary oscillation in prebiology: igneous activity and the origins of life.
AB  - The processes of chemical evolution are responsible for the origin of life. Three
      such processes have special importance: oscillation, creation, and competition.
      An oscillation from one kind of environment to another provides a mechanism for
      instituting processes that can only take place under conditions far removed from
      equilibrium. Oscillating evolutionary processes are likely to have played an
      important part in the origin of life. It is a mistake to assume that life
      originated in any one environment. It did not arrive in a moment of time. It was
      the result of a long period of chemical evolution during which it passed through
      a variety of environments. Biopoesis took place in an environment in which a
      variety of different kinds of protolife were assembled and concentrated. One
      essential form of protolife involved in these processes is the protocell. The
      experiments of Fox suggest that the creation of protocells involves violent
      oscillations of temperature and hydration. Igneous activity is especially
      characterised by oscillating conditions. Volcanic eruptions consist of violent
      changes from one extreme condition to another. Temperatures, pressure, phase,
      concentration and hydration all oscillate violently, and are subject to shock
      pulses of many kinds. Protolife may well have passed through extremes of
      environment for wider that those that life itself can sustain. The most probable
      environment for the assembly of the various forms of protolife would be on
      mudbanks forming either at the mouth of streams draining regions of active
      vulcanicity, or round the edge of hot volclanic pools. In this situation one
      could fins concentrated not only the various stands of protolife necessary for
      the final act of biopoesis, but also perbiologically formed nutrients necessary
      as for the first eobionts. As soon as the first protocells start to grow, they
      start to compete with each other, and so initiate a new additional evolutionary
      process, that of natural selection. Only after such competition has been
      initiated is life itself likely to be established"20

PMID- 967407
TI  - [Clinical spectrum of mitral valve prolapse click].

PMID- 967408
TI  - [The role of endogenous inductors in the clinical symptoms of hepatic porphyria].

PMID- 967409
TI  - [Clinical picture of Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome].

PMID- 967410
TI  - [Closure of maxillary defect using a "tongue-flap"].

PMID- 967411
TI  - [Value of the Reflomat method].

PMID- 967412
TI  - [Letter: Interpersonal relationship between physicians].

PMID- 967413
TI  - [Importance of the biparietal circumference of the fetal skull and the estriol
      level of the urine from the pregnant woman in the diagnosis of fetal disease].

PMID- 967414
TI  - [Munchausen syndrome].

PMID- 967415
TI  - [Protracted fever of unknown origin].

PMID- 967416
TI  - [Free air in the abdominal cavity resulting from coitus].

PMID- 967417
TI  - [Thrombocytopoietic effect induced by repeated administration of antithrombocyte
      serum].

PMID- 967418
TI  - [Changes in the level of chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) in maternal serum
      under the effect of Rheomacrodex infusion].

PMID- 967419
TI  - [Papillary tumors of the kidney pelvis].

PMID- 967420
TI  - [Familial chronic lymphoid leukemia].

PMID- 967421
TI  - [Letter: Alcoholism in gastrectomized patients].

PMID- 967422
TI  - [Herpes simplex virus causing neuroinfections in adults].

PMID- 967423
TI  - [Uric acid and creatinine index in healthy subjects and in the mentally
      retarded].

PMID- 967424
TI  - [ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarct in patients with artificial pacemakers].

PMID- 967425
TI  - [A case of triple drug damage].

PMID- 967426
TI  - [Development of tuberculosis control in Hungary II].

PMID- 967427
TI  - [Some problems of drug distribution].

PMID- 967428
TI  - [Changes to be expected in the field of pediatric practice by extensive
      distribution of mass screening].

PMID- 967429
TI  - [In vitro drug sensitivity tests with Kanendomycin and Tobramycin].

PMID- 967430
TI  - [Neurological diseases in rheumatic fever].

PMID- 967431
TI  - [Observations on the effect of levodopa in endogenous mental disorders].

PMID- 967432
TI  - [Surgical management of aneurysm of the aorta ascendens and aortic
      insufficiency].

PMID- 967433
TI  - [Inaccurate measurement of body length in newborn infants].

PMID- 967434
TI  - [Further data on Lyell's syndrome].

PMID- 967435
TI  - [Treatment of acute leukemia].

PMID- 967436
TI  - [Varicella in children under corticosteroid and cytostatic therapy].

PMID- 967437
TI  - [Detection changes in serum globulins and antimyocardial antibodies in primary
      cardiomyopathies].

PMID- 967438
TI  - [Indication for surgical correction of aortic and mitral valve diseases].

PMID- 967439
TI  - [The effect of family and social factors on intellectual achievement and family
      size planning].

PMID- 967440
TI  - [The National Public Health Office and Andras Pfister, protomedicus].

PMID- 967441
TI  - [Some ethical problems of medical practice].

PMID- 967442
TI  - [Comparative studies of patient groups visited daily and weekly at a pediatric
      clinic].

PMID- 967443
TI  - [Capillary microscopic study of replanted finger phalanges].

PMID- 967444
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in pancreatic pseudocysts].

PMID- 967445
TI  - [Cases of glue sniffing at the psychiatric ward].

PMID- 967446
TI  - [Doege-Pott syndrome: pleural fibrosarcoma causing hypoglycemic symptoms].

PMID- 967447
TI  - [The formate of roentgen diagnosis. Basis for a debate].

PMID- 967448
TI  - [BCG hypersensitivity reaction causing lymph node hilus edema].

PMID- 967449
TI  - [Hypersensitivity to BCG vaccination].

PMID- 967450
TI  - [Insulin therapy].

PMID- 967451
TI  - [Hand, foot and mouth disease].

PMID- 967452
TI  - [Hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic in a nursery].

PMID- 967453
TI  - [The role of rhinomanometry in the diagnosis and therapy of perennial allergic
      rhinitis].

PMID- 967454
TI  - [Corynebacterium pyogenes var. hominis infections].

PMID- 967455
TI  - [The incidence of double albumin band (bisalbuminemia)].

PMID- 967456
TI  - [Application of the Roux loop].

PMID- 967457
TI  - [Hearing and equilibrium disorders of central origin].

PMID- 967458
TI  - [Audiokinetic reactions].

PMID- 967459
TI  - [5-year follow-up of patients after subtotal laryngectomy].

PMID- 967460
TI  - [Idiopathic extracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery].

PMID- 967461
TI  - [Treatment of laryngeal papillomas in children at the Otolaryngology Department
      of the Medical Academy in Poznan in the years 1960-1974].

PMID- 967462
TI  - [Value of contrast tomography of the larynx in the diagnosis of voice disorders].

PMID- 967463
TI  - [General anesthesia in direct laryngoscopy].

PMID- 967464
TI  - [Localization of auditory system lesions in diabetics].

PMID- 967465
TI  - [Assessment of the equilibrium system in diabetics].

PMID- 967466
TI  - [Meniere's disease in its psychosomatic aspect].

PMID- 967467
TI  - [Congenital lateral neck cysts treated at the Otolaryngology Department of the
      Medical Academy in Poznan].

PMID- 967468
TI  - [General anesthesia with diffusion respiration for laryngoscopy purposes with
      simultaneous assessment of gasometric values].

PMID- 967469
TI  - [Multifocal lymphatic cystadenomas of the parotid glands].

PMID- 967470
TI  - [Obturation emphysema in a case of a foreign body left in the left upper lobe
      bronchus].

PMID- 967471
TI  - [Case of complete congenital midline cervical fistula in a 6-year-old boy].

PMID- 967472
TI  - [Topographic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa for the needs of pterygoid
      canal nerve neurectomy].

PMID- 967473
TI  - Go to hell, Washington--and take Harrisburg with you!

PMID- 967474
TI  - Practice management tool of risk control. Can your office routine bring out a
      patient's litigious nature? These authors say yes, and tell you how to avoid this
      pitfall!

PMID- 967475
TI  - Nerve injuries.

PMID- 967476
TI  - A plea for better interprofessional communications.

PMID- 967477
TI  - Hire with care--your aides are extension of you!

PMID- 967478
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of supraventricular arrhythmia.

PMID- 967480
TI  - Alleviating the malpractice crisis.

PMID- 967479
TI  - Life and death decisions.

PMID- 967481
TI  - As incidence increases CDC recommends 1976 treatment schedule for syphilis.

PMID- 967482
TI  - Report of a male trans-sexual.

PMID- 967483
TI  - Laminar airflow in major burn treatment.

PMID- 967484
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal duct injuries.

PMID- 967485
TI  - Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the vagina.

PMID- 967486
TI  - Society supports state effort to combat A/New Jersey flu.

PMID- 967487
TI  - Common suggestions arising from surveys-part I.

PMID- 967488
TI  - The edematous hand.

PMID- 967489
TI  - Treatment of suspected victims of sexual assault.

PMID- 967490
TI  - A case report: congenital mesocolic hernia.

PMID- 967491
TI  - Levocardia with situs inversus atria (case report).

PMID- 967492
TI  - Electrocardiographic pattern in the newborn during the first week of life.

PMID- 967493
TI  - Congestive heart failure in diphtheric myocarditis.

PMID- 967494
TI  - Electrocardiographic pattern in children suffering from diphtheria during 1973 at
      Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

PMID- 967495
TI  - Serum transaminase in diphtheritic myocarditis.

PMID- 967496
TI  - Patent ductus arteriosus (P.D.A.) (an analysis of 37 surgically proved cases).

PMID- 967497
TI  - Aplastic anemia.

PMID- 967498
TI  - Some peripheral blood values on healthy infants in Bandung.

PMID- 967499
TI  - The immunoglobulin levels in children with leukemia.

PMID- 967500
TI  - Au-antigen in children with jaundice.

PMID- 967501
TI  - [Hypokinetic appearance of huntington's chorea during the childhood (author's
      transl)].
AB  - During the last two years two patients with hypokinetic appearance of
      Huntington's chorea--beginning in childhood--were investigated in the
      Neurological Univ.-Clinic of Vienna. Both of the patients descend from families
      with primary hyperkinetic Huntington's chorea in adult life. The problem of the
      early manifest hypokinetic form--when the family case history is not attended-
      are of special interest for the first symptoms can lead into false diagnosis.
      Therefore oftenly systematic treatment will be done at first just during the
      adult life, when already the complete picture of Huntington's chorea has
      appeared. From the point of eugenic deliberations it is very interesting for
      relatives of families with Huntington's chorea to be informed about the heredity,
      the most lately appearance of the disease and by the possiblity of anteposition.

PMID- 967502
TI  - [Gastrostomy in paediatric surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - Gastrostomy has the same field of application as the feeding tube which is
      introduced either orally or nasally. With careful nursing and surgical technique,
      only few and slight disturbances are to be expected. This method, however, ist
      not suited for routine application by the premature baby because of its possible
      septic complications.

PMID- 967503
TI  - [Cardiac manifestations in prenatal coxsackie virus myocarditis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - This is a report of 6 single cases of prenatal virus myocarditis originated from
      an endemic region around Salzburg. The cardiac involvement showed different
      grades dependent too on time of infection and on transfer of maternal antibodies
      to the child. Infections immediately before delivery cause severe illness, but
      infections some weeks before birth less severe damage. Symptoms of meningitis
      were not noticed. The diagnosis of myocarditis by Coxsackie virus was certain in
      two deceased newborns (Patient 1 and 2), very probable in one decreased baby
      (Patient 3) and probable in the surviving children (Patient 4, 5 and 6).

PMID- 967504
TI  - [Cystic changes in the lungs in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - Two boys with presumably congenital cystic changes in the lungs are described. In
      one child multiple cystic deformations led to acute symptoms of severe
      respiratory distress necessitating urgent resection of the right middle and upper
      lobes. The other boy had a large thick-walled cyst in the left upper lobe causing
      no distress whatsoever. This patient was observed for more than 6 years before
      operation. Multiple vascular anomalies and anastomoses were revealed during
      surgery. Both cases are presented in detail and the completely different clinical
      course is outlined. Only when careful supervision of intrapulmonary cystic
      changes is guaranteed can operation be postponed for longer than 6 months.
      Pulmonary cysts may lead to emergency procedures. They are always a potential
      source of serious complications such as rupture or infection. When no tendency
      for regression can be discovered surgical removal is indicated. Conservative
      treatment will not influence the course. Differential diagnosis is discussed
      briefly.

PMID- 967505
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of chronic constipation].
AB  - Severe chronic constipation is an extremely rare disorder. Out of 39 370 patients
      seen in our hospital during the past two years only 309 children (=0,78%) were
      suffered from severe chronic constipation. Radiologic and electromanometrical
      examinations revealed as an organic cause anal sphincter achalasia or
      Hirschsprung's disease in 30,7% of these constipated children. In 54,9% however
      no pathomorphologic results could be found. Of all cases 14,4% examined were
      postoperative controls. Careful electromanometric and defecographic examination
      of every chronically constipated child is crucially important in determining the
      therapy as in most cases chronic constipation in childhood, is due to a
      functional asynchronism of the internal and external anal sphincter relaxation
      reflexes, it can most reliably be diagnosed by electromanometrical examinations.
      The accuracy and reliability of our electromanometrical method has been proved
      not only by comparison with radiologic and histologic techniques but also
      statistically by analysis of discriminance of the recorded parameters. The
      therapeutic approach depends on the underlying disease. Mechanical obstruction of
      the intestine, nervous dysregulation of colonic motility causing Hirschsprung's
      disease and organic anal sphincter achalasia require surgical treatment. In cases
      of achalasia myotomia of the internal anal sphincter gives excellent functional
      results. In 73 cases treated by myotomy no symptoms of anal incontinence were
      seen. Medical therapy includes administration of laxatives combined with high
      roughage diet, adjustment of living conditions including increased physical
      activity and bowel training in order to learn a conditioned defecation reflex.
      The matter can be more easily achieved by administering Dihydroergotamine and
      Lactulose initially.

PMID- 967506
TI  - [Medullary sponge kidney: a short review and a report of two cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Radiologically the collecting tubules in the medulla are dilated up to cystic
      proportions. There may be no clinical symptoms, but frequently the dilated
      tubules predispose to infection and lithiasis. Such cysts do not interfere with
      renal function. X-ray diagnosis, frequency, therapy and etiology are discussed.
      Two further cases of MSK in childhood are described.

PMID- 967507
TI  - [Manifestation of diabetes in the first to third year of life. Later fates of 43
      patients (author's transl)].
AB  - Life expectancy of diabetics since early childhood is differently judged. Out of
      43 own patients with diabetes started between the first and third year of life,
      no less than 33 have passed their twentieth year of life; 16 patients are aged
      between 25 and 46 years; one woman patient lived to the age of 64! In all cases
      the duration of diabetes is more than 10 years, in 26 cases 20 years or more. In
      24 cases angiopathy developed chiefly in the form of retinopathy, nephroapthy and
      arterial hypertension (none in 19 cases). 7 patients died of uraemia. While there
      is hardly any difference between the two groups (with or without angiopathy) as
      far as duration and quality of diabetes-control are concerned, in the angiopathy
      group hereditary taint clearly prevails. The early beginning of diabetes does not
      at all represent an absolutely unfavourable symptom, rather the reverse (O.
      Imerslund).

PMID- 967508
TI  - [Secondary cystathioninuria due to vitamin B 6 deficiency in familial
      neuroblastoma].
AB  - In this study numerous amino acid analyses were performed in a family with
      increased incidence of tumors of the sympathetic nervous system. Since in 9
      respectively 10 of a total of 13 surveyed persons an elevated urinary excretion
      of cystathionine was demonstrated with thin layer and column chromatographic
      methods, this constitutes the first report on cystathioninuria in familial
      neuroblastoma. Two family members also presented a homocystinuria in the
      spontaneously voided 24-hours urine. The only person whose plasma amino acids
      were analysed showed nearly normal levels. After oral loading with L-methionine
      the urinary excretion of cystathionine raised considerably. The different
      reaction of the two vitamin B6-dependent enzymes, cystathionine-synthetase and
      cystathionase, points at a different methionine induced sensitivity. The
      determination of pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxal kinase detected a vitamin B6
      deficiency, which corresponded well with an increased excretion of oxalic acid
      and a low normal urinary taurin excretion. Therefore these alterations of the
      amino acids are explained and thus urinary excretion of cystathionine can be
      interpreted as secondary cystathioninuria. Furthermore it was possible to provoke
      corresponding biochemical changes by oral administration of vitamin B6 such as
      reduction of the cystathioninuria and disappearance of the homocystinuria. In an
      infant the cystathioninuria could be observed over a period for 5 months, by
      which a transitory deficiency of the apoenzyme appears to be unlikely. The
      analysis of 24 hours urine samples of a gravida showed the persistance of
      cystathioninuria also during pregnancy. After radiation of a 5 year old girl with
      ganglioneuroblastoma an increase of the urinary cystathionine excretion and a
      first occurrence of homocystinuria was noted. These observations give rise to
      various considerations. The vitamin-B6-deficiency in familial neuroblastoma
      supports the assumption, that also the cystathioninuria in nonhereditary cases
      may be caused by vitamin-B6-deficiency. Since in this family the excretion of
      catecholamines was examined in a prior investigation a comparison of these two
      studies does not support the suggestion of a direct connection between the
      excretion of catecholamines and cystathioninuria, as it has been assumed to occur
      in sporadic neuroblastoma. The vitamin-B6-deficiency as seen in this family can
      also be considered in relation to tumor development. In the discussion about this
      possibility also the appearance of cystathioninuria in other tumors of early
      childhood is mentioned. Furthermore the relation of vitamin B6 to teratogenesis
      is commented on.

PMID- 967509
TI  - [Prophylactic replacement therapy in hemophilia. A case report (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In a six year old boy with severe hemophilia prophylactic substitution of factor
      VIII was started in 1973 in order to prevent early invalidity due to series of
      bleeding in the right anklejoint. A substitution of factor VIII over 8 months
      with 21 resp. 30 U/kg body-weight did not lead to a significant improvement. But
      since the factor VIII in a dosage of 18 U/kg body-weight is given three times a
      week no bleeding occurred during the treatment time of 14 months and also the
      ability to walk improved to an excellent degree.--So far no signs of hepatitis or
      an factor-VIII-antibody could be detected.--Some results from the prophylactic
      treatment of severe hemophilia and Christmas disease are cited from the
      literature.

PMID- 967510
TI  - [You find the diagnosis. Transposition of great vessels].

PMID- 967511
TI  - Effect of chronic anemia on left ventricular ejection time and myocardial
      performance in man.
AB  - The duration of systolic time interval in ten anemic, (mean Hb 3.46) and
      otherwise healthy individuals (mean age 15) was measured from simultaneous
      recording of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid pulsation. The
      preejection period (PEP); left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and ratio of
      PEP/LVET from 20 consecutive beats were calculated and averaged. Anemia was
      corrected slowly and study was repeated (mean 3 1/2 weeks) later and a similar
      data for comparison was obtained; heart rate decreased, LVET lengthened and the
      ratio of PEP/LVET remained unchanged. The lengthening of the LVET was due to
      slower heart rate. LVET before and after correction of anemia could be predicted
      from regression formula reported for normals. The unchanged PEP/LVET before and
      after the anemia indicates no significant alteration in myocardial performance at
      rest.

PMID- 967512
TI  - Collection of cardiac lymph by cardiac lymph node cannulation: a simplified
      method for studying lymphatic circulation of the heart.

PMID- 967513
TI  - The range of antistreptolysin-O titer among 3129 healthy individuals in winter
      and summer in Tehran, Iran.
AB  - A rise in ASO titre can be demonstrated in 75-80% of patients following untreated
      streptococcal upper respiratory infection. The difficulty, however, is that there
      is no such thing as normal ASO titre. The levels encountered in a given
      population depend upon age, geographical location, season, etc. It was,
      therefore, on this basis that sera were taken from 3129 healthy individuals
      during winter and summer in Tehran for the determination of ASO titres. Sixty
      three individuals were treated both during summer and winter. During summer only
      4 (6%) had titres above 250 T.U. and 59 (94%) below 250 T.U. The same
      individuals, when tested during the winter, showed that 7 (11%) had ASO titres
      above 250 T.U. and 56 (89%) below 250 T.U. This seasonal difference is
      statistically significant. In another study 320 individuals were tested during
      summer and another 394 individuals during winter. Among the summer group 31 (10%)
      were above 250 T.U. and 289 (90%) were below 250 T.U. In the winter group 55
      (14%) were above 250 T.U. and 339 (86%) were below 250 T.U. This difference is
      again statistically significant. Further, 35 samples of pooled sera representing
      2289 individuals were treated during the winter. Here 563 (24%) were above and
      1723 (76%) were below 250 T.U. The possible sources of error in this group, in
      comparison with the other, are discussed.

PMID- 967514
TI  - Atmospheric pollen counts in Tehran, Iran, 1974.
AB  - Daily pollen counts were made in Tehran by placing a Durham sampler on the roof
      of the College of Pharmacy building at the University of Tehran. Three pollen
      seasons were identified in Tehran. Tree season extended from the first week of
      February through the middle of October. Important pollens of tree season were
      Willow, Cedar, Sycamore, Pine, Alder, Walnuts, Elm, Cottonwood, Oak and/or Maple,
      Birch, and Beech. The grass season started from the first week of May and
      extended into the second week of November. The weed season began at the middle of
      May and lasted until the last week of December. Important weed pollens belonged
      to various members of the Order Chenopodials, particularly Burning Bush, and
      Russian Thistle. Sagebrush and English Plantain were also abundant during the
      weed season.

PMID- 967515
TI  - Clinical pathological exercise: Adenocarcinoma of the stomach with metastasis to
      the liver.

PMID- 967516
TI  - Health manpower.

PMID- 967517
TI  - The stimulation of daughter redia production during the larval development of
      Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - In snails maintained at 20 degrees C rediae of Fasciola hepatica merge from
      sporocysts from 11 days after infection onwards. The number of mother rediae
      rises steadily thereafter until at least 40 days after infection. Daughter rediae
      are seldom observed in mother rediae dissected from snails maintained at 20
      degrees C. Their production can, however, be stimulated by subjecting the snail
      host to starvation, to low, and to high temperature shocks. The parasite is
      susceptible to stress from immediately after infection for about 16 days, when
      maintained at 20 degrees C. In general, the more extreme the shock, the greater
      is daughter redial production. Increasing the length of the period of stress from
      12 h up to 9 days does not increase the production of daughter rediae, nor does
      repeated on/off cold shocks or continuous maintenance at 10 degrees C. Daughter
      rediae develop more rapidly than cercariae and leave the mother rediae several
      days earlier. There is no evidence that presence of daughter rediae coincides
      with the suppression of cercarial production. The findings are discussed with
      reference to possible mechanisms by which parasite development might be
      controlled.

PMID- 967518
TI  - The cell coat of Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - A prominent filamentous and granular cell coat is associated with the plasma
      membrane of haptomonads of Crithidia fasciculata attached to the cuticular lining
      of the hindgut of Anopheles gambiae. This surface material is completely absent
      from morphologically identical haptomonads from the mosquito foregut and from
      rosettes in culture. On the basis of these observations, it is suggested that
      cell coat formation is dependent on suitable environmental conditions. A
      cytochemical staining technique indicates the presence of carbohydrates in (a)
      the cell coat, (b) the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of haptomonads from
      all locations and (c) small cytoplasmic vesicles and multivesicular bodies in all
      haptomonads. It is suggested that these cytoplasmic organelles represent stages
      in the intracellular pathway for material ingested by pinocytosis rather than
      elements involved in surface coat formation.

PMID- 967519
TI  - Partial purification of antigens collected during in vitro cultivation of the
      larval stages of Taenia pisiformis.
AB  - Larvae of Taenia pisiformis were cultured in vitro in medium containing 2-5, 5 or
      20% (v/v) of normal rabbit serum (NRS). Greatest development occurred in 20% NRS,
      and the potency of antigens collected in medium from each culture tested by
      intradermal (2/d) skin tests in infected rabbits paralleled the in vitro growth
      rate of larvae. 'Culture' antigens from 5% NRS stimulated good immunity in
      rabbits to a challenge infection with T. pisiformis eggs, although they were
      poorly reactive in skin tests. T. pisiformis larvae were also cultured in 10%
      (v/v) of filtrates of serum reduced to one-half of its volume by passage through
      300 000 MW cut off (XM300F) or 100 000 MW cut off (XM100F) ultrafiltration
      membranes. Larvae cultured using XM300F had growth rates comparable with those
      cultured in 20% NRS, and the antigens release into the culture medium had equal
      potency in i/d tests and in stimulating protective immunity in rabbits. Larvae
      did not develop in XM100F or produce skin-reactive or protective antigens. Crude
      'culture' antigen from cultures in 20% NRS was separated into 4 fractions by
      filtration on Sephadex G200. All of these fractions gave i/d skin reactions in
      infected rabbits. Fraction 3 (F3) was the most active, but was shown by
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis to be highly
      contaminated with rabbit serum proteins. F3 was separated into fractions on DEAE
      Sephadex A50, and the third fraction from this was as active as the original
      culture medium in i/d skin tests, but had only 5% of the original protein
      concentration. Electrophoresis demonstrated few serum contaminants, and 2
      indistinct protein bands that were not present in a similar fraction of NRS.
      Neither Sephadex G200 F3 nor DEAE-Sephadex F3 stimulated protective immunity in
      rabbits, suggesting that antigens stimulating immunity against the establishment
      of T. pisiformis in rabbits and those provoking cell-mediated immune reactions
      may be different.

PMID- 967520
TI  - Seasonal variation in the population dynamics of Caryophyllaeus laticeps.
AB  - The biological parameters which generate seasonal fluctuations in the size of
      populations of Caryophyllaeus laticeps are examined in detail. A mathematical
      model is formulated to describe the dynamics of the adult parasite within the
      fish host Abramis brama, and the predictions of the model are compared with
      observed population data. The seasonality of parasite population size is shown to
      be caused by the combined effects of a temperature dependent mortality rate and
      flucate of larval parasites. The observed overdispersed distribution of adult
      parasite numbers within the host population is shown to be generated by
      variability in feeding habits between individual members of the fish population.
      The theoretical population model is used as a framework for the investigation of,
      among other factors, the comparative influences of the immigration and death
      rates on the dynamics of the adult parasite, the future behaviour of the system
      under altered environmental conditions and the importance of chance effects in
      the dynamics of individual parasite populations within a single host. The
      stability of the dynamics of the complete life-cycle of C. laticeps is discussed
      in relation to the inherent biological complexity of host/helminth parasite
      interactions.

PMID- 967521
TI  - Accelerated expulsion of adult Trichinella spiralis in mice given lymphoid cells
      and serum from infected donors.
AB  - Immunity to the adult stage of Trichinella spiralis, assessed by an acceleration
      of worm expulsion, was transferred to recipient mice with mesenteric lymph node
      cells (MLNC) or serum taken from infected donors. Immunity was transferred most
      effectively by MLNC taken from donors infected for 8 days, i.e. donors actively
      responding to infection. Transfer of both MLNC and serum brought about a marked
      acceleration of worm expulsion in all cases, even where MLNC or serum given
      separately failed to transfer a significant degree of immunity.

PMID- 967522
TI  - The growth of secondary infections of Hymenolepis microstoma in mice: the effect
      of various primary infection regimes.
AB  - Groups of mice were infected with 1, 5 or 10 cysticercoids of Hymenolepis
      microstoma. Infections were terminated with the anthelmintic 'Zanil' after 5, 15
      or 30 days and the mice challenged with 6 cysticercoids. The growth of the worms
      in the secondary infections decreased as either the intensity (number of
      cysticercoids administered) or duration of the primary infections increased. It
      is postulated that the results have an immunological basis.

PMID- 967523
TI  - Eimeria maxima: a comparison of two laboratory strains with a fresh isolate.
AB  - Oocysts of the Weybridge and Houghton strains of Eimeria maxima and a fresh field
      isolate were similar and measured on average 30-9 X 22-4 mum. The Weybridge
      strain and the field isolate produced similar pathogenic effects in 6-week-old
      chickens, high doses causing 50-80% mortality and severe weight loss. The
      Houghton strain was slightly less pathogenic and few birds died but more oocysts
      were produced. With each strain, a single dose gave complete immunity to a light
      challenge with the homologous strain. Two or 3 immunizing doses gave complete
      immunity to a heavy homologous challenge but were not sufficient to protect
      against heterologous challenge.

PMID- 967524
TI  - Milk-borne infection of rats with Strongyloides ratti and Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis.
AB  - The numbers of mature worms which developed in young rats after their mothers
      were injected with 4000 L3 late in lactation were 1% (Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis) and 24% (Strongyloides ratti) of the dose administered. The low
      value for N. brasiliensis validates the conclusion that milk is a real and
      important vehicle for infection in S. ratti since possible errors from skin
      invasion of the young would have been common to both species. The level of mature
      S. ratti infection in lactating mothers in this experiment was negligible, 97-99%
      of the adult worms appearing in the offspring. These results may indicate that
      the milk route is possible with N. brasiliensis even though it is quantitatively
      insignificant.

PMID- 967525
TI  - The isolation and characterization of a Babesia from red deer (Cervus elaphus).
AB  - On three occasions, antibody positive blood from wild red deer produced overt
      infections with Babesia when inoculated into splenectomized red deer. One of the
      deer also became infected with Eperythrozoon sp. Babesia divergens, B. capreoli
      and the Babesia of red deer are morphologically similar and the marginal position
      of the parasites in the host cell is characteristic. Babesia were not seen and no
      antibody was formed in five out of six splenectomized bovine calves which were
      injected with parasitaemic red deer blood. Two of these calves when challenged
      with B. divergens were fully susceptible. A transient infection with the deer
      Babesia may have occurred in the sixth calf since antibody was detected and the
      animal resisted challenge with B. divergens. In indirect fluorescent antibody
      tests there was little or no difference in the titre of sera from naturally or
      experimentally infected cattle and deer when reacted with B. divergens or the red
      deer Babesia antigens. Despite their similarities, specific status for B.
      divergens and the red deer Babesia is probably justified; at present there is
      insufficient evidence to justify separation of the red deer Babesia from B.
      capreoli.

PMID- 967526
TI  - Fine structural observations on oocyte development in monogeneans.
AB  - The ultrastructural changes accompanying oocyte differentiation in the ovaries of
      the monogeneans, Diclidophora merlangi, Diplozoon paradoxum and Calicotyle
      kroyeri have been described. In each case, oogenesis in the ovary proceeds as far
      as meiotic prophase in the primary oocyte. A three-stage sequence of development
      based on oocyte morphology is proposed: (1) Oogonia and early, immature primary
      oocytes are typically undifferentiated, with chromatin-laden nuclei occupying
      most of the cell volume. The cytoplasm contains small clumps of mitochondria and
      unattached ribosomal aggregates. There is evidence of mitosis and, in later
      stages, meiotic prophase is indicated by the appearance of nuclear synaptonemal
      complexes. (2) Maturing primary oocytes are characterized by increased nucleolar
      volume associated with the production of RNA for export to the cytoplasm. An
      organized GER and Golgi apparatus are established and involved in the synthesis
      and packaging of membrane-limited cortical granules. Annulate lamellae and
      nucleolus-like bodies appear in the cytoplasm and, with development, the cells
      increase in size and, peripherally, become interdigitated. (3) Mature primary
      oocytes represent a resting phase when cellular activity is minimal. Golgi
      disappear and the ER fragments or becomes reduced in dimensions. Mitochondria and
      free ribosomes are numerous and cortical granules move to the cell periphery. The
      cells separate and, when mature, are released from the ovary. There are minor
      species differences in oocyte ultrastructure and development.

PMID- 967527
TI  - Immunity to coccidiosis: stages of the life-cycle of Eimeria maxima which induce,
      and are affected by, the response of the host.
AB  - An attempt was made to determine the relative importance of the different life
      cycle stages of Eimeria maxima in the induction of immunity and also those stages
      most affected by the immune response of the host. In one experiment the life
      cycle was controlled by chemotherapy but in all other experiments partial life
      cycles were induced by transfers of infected mucosa between hosts. The results
      indicated that the second generation schizont stage is probably that most
      concerned in the induction of protective immunity and that sexual stages are most
      susceptible to immune inhibition. After initial inhibition in the immune host the
      earlier asexual stages were able to resume development when transferred to a
      susceptible host. The longer the period of exposure to the immune environment,
      the less able was the parasite to recover.

PMID- 967528
TI  - Different levels of acquired immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in two strains of
      hamster.
AB  - A primary infection with schistosoma mansoni, of 5 or more weeks duration,
      stimulated a high level of resistance to a challenge infection in the WO outbred
      strain of golden hamster. In sharp contrast, the LGN strain showed no
      statistically significant immunity to reinfection in most experiments and where
      detected the level of resistance was only about half that observed in the WO
      strain. Immunity to reinfection was assayed with the lung recovery method which
      assesses resistance a few days after challenge and with the conventional
      perfusion assay which measures immunity 6 weeks after challenge. Wide differences
      in the immune response to S. mansoni in different strains of the same host
      species have not been reported previously.

PMID- 967529
TI  - Cross-immunity to Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in the hamster.
AB  - Hamsters (WO strain) with a primary infection of Schistosoma mansoni or S.
      haematobium rapidly developed immunity to homologous challenge judged by the lung
      recovery assay. Immunity was detected at 4-5 weeks and reached a plateau 6 weeks
      after infection. Using this information, hamsters with an 8-week primary
      infection with S. mansoni or S. haematobium were tested for resistance to
      homologous reinfection and resistance to a challenge with the other species of
      schistosome. Primary infection with S. mansoni or S. haematobium conferred a high
      level of immunity to reinfection with either species of schistosome judged by the
      perfusion assay, involving recovery of adult worms 6-10 weeks following
      challenge. Estimation of the level of immunity with the lung recovery assay, 5
      days after challenge, indicated that immunity due to a primary infection with S.
      mansoni acted at or before migration of the challenge through the lungs but
      immunity stimulated by a primary S. haematobium infection was only partially
      effective at the lung stage and substantial destruction of challenging organisms
      occurred at a later stage of development. Antibodies in immune sera of hamsters
      with a primary S. mansoni or  or S. haematobium infection were shown to bind to
      common antigens on the surface of young  schistosomula of either species by u.v.
      microscopy using as detecting agent a fluorescein-labelled rabbit antiserum
      directed against hamster globulins.

PMID- 967530
TI  - The number and size of ovarian balls of Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) from
      laboratory rats.
AB  - By means of conventional light microscopical and counting procedures, estimations
      have been made of the average number and size of ovarian balls from unfertilized
      and fertilized female Moniliformis dubius. The observations were made on worms
      recovered from experimental primary infections lasting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 14,
      17 and 20 weeks in male rats. The number of ovarian balls rises to about 6300 per
      worm, with the maximum being attained more rapidly in unfertilized than in
      fertilized females. On average more ovarian balls were present in unfertilized
      than in fertilized females, but a marked decline in number occurred in both
      groups of worms towards the end of the experimental period. Similarly, on the
      basis of the area within the elliptical profiles of fixed ovarian balls, it
      appeared that those from unfertilized females were generally larger on average
      than those from fertilized worms.

PMID- 967531
TI  - Molecular structure and morphology of glycogen isolated from the cestode,
      Moniezia expansa.
AB  - A particulate polysaccharide was isolated by differential centrifugation and
      alkali extraction from homogenates of the cestode Moniezia expansa. The
      polysaccharide had the structure of a glycogen. Its chemical properties, infra
      red spectrum and optical rotation showed that it consisted of alpha-1,4- and
      alpha-1,6-linked glucopyranose units. Examination of the complex with iodine and
      the precipitate with concanavalin-A showed that the structure was highly
      branched. Oxidation with periodate and hydrolysis with alpha- and beta-amylase
      were used to measure mean chain lengths. For the particulate preparation the
      average chain length was 12-9 glucose units and the exterior and interior chain
      lengths were 9-0 and 2-9 units respectively. The particulate preparation had a
      very high sedimentation constant (s20, w = 910) with a smaller component at about
      s20, w = 600, but the alkali extracted material had an s20, w = 61 similar to
      that shown by alkali degradation of the particulate preparation. The morphology
      of the particulate material was similar to that of rat liver glycogen, alpha,
      beta- and possible gamma-particles being identified by electron microscopy. The
      alpha-particles were relatively stable under acidic conditions remaining intact
      down to pH 2-5. At pH 1-7 the alpha-particles dissociated into their constituent
      beta-particles with a consequent decrease in the opalescence of the solution. The
      nitrogen content of 0-9% was high for a glycogen.

PMID- 967532
TI  - Evasion of the haemocytic defence reaction of certain insects by larvae of
      Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda).
AB  - Larvae of Hymenolepis diminuta develop in the haemocoele of the beetles Tribolium
      and Tenebrio, and of the locust Schistocerca gregaria, without being encapsulated
      by haemocytes. The mechanism of this evasion of the haemocytic defence reaction
      has been examined using various techniques. Larvae grown in culture and injected
      into S. gregaria have a few or no haemocytes adherent even after 8h, although
      latex beads injected at the same time have been thickly encapsulated. This, and
      results of transplanting cysticercoids and host tissue between different insect
      species, suggests that the surface of the larvae may bear an inherent similarity
      to the surface of host tissues and thus escape recognition as 'not-self' by the
      host's haemocytes.

PMID- 967533
TI  - [Morphological changes in rat testes under the influence of cadmium sulfate].

PMID- 967534
TI  - [Effect of methotrexate on growth kinetics in Ehrlich's carcinoma].

PMID- 967535
TI  - [Morphological and histochemical changes in rat liver in subacute Phoschlor
      poisoning].

PMID- 967536
TI  - [Pathomorphology of non-neoplastic liver tumors. I. Lipid infarction of the
      liver].

PMID- 967537
TI  - [Pathomorphology of non-neoplastic liver tumors. II. Cirrhosis hepatis sub forma
      tumoris].

PMID- 967538
TI  - [Pathomorphology of non-neoplastic liver tumors. III. Hamartoma of the liver].

PMID- 967539
TI  - [Pathomorphology of non-neoplastic liver tumors. IV. Accessory liver lobe].

PMID- 967540
TI  - [Pathomorphology of non-neoplastic liver tumors. V. Isolated regenerative liver
      tumors in animal experiments].

PMID- 967541
TI  - [Pathomorphology of non-neoplastic liver tumors. VI. General considerations on
      non-neoplastic liver tumors].

PMID- 967542
TI  - Drug disposition and therapy in the developing human being.

PMID- 967543
TI  - A rational approach to antibiotic therapy in infants and children.

PMID- 967544
TI  - Pediatric hypertension: current therapeutic considerations.

PMID- 967545
TI  - [Some clinical and immunological characteristics of pneumonia in children with
      lymphatic hypoplastic diathesis].

PMID- 967546
TI  - [Changes in the tryptophan-serotonin-5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid system in young
      children with pneumonia].

PMID- 967547
TI  - [Immunological reactivity of young children with recurrent acute respiratory
      viral infections and their complications].

PMID- 967548
TI  - [Catamnesis of children who have had severe forms of pneumonia and undergone
      intensive therapy and resuscitation].

PMID- 967549
TI  - [Bronchological diagnosis of developmental defects in the bronchi and lungs of
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 967550
TI  - [State of some digestive processes in children with chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 967551
TI  - [Use of decamethoxine electroaerosols in treating children with nonspecific
      diseases of the respiratory organs].

PMID- 967552
TI  - [Temperature and humidity of the expired air in children normally and in lung
      pathology].

PMID- 967553
TI  - [Indices for mitral commissurotomy in children with consideration of the
      immediate and late results].

PMID- 967554
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium indices in hypervitaminosis C].

PMID- 967555
TI  - [Ichthyosis in children and its treatment].

PMID- 967556
TI  - [Some aspects of the state of the adaptive system in the female body in prolonged
      pregnancy].

PMID- 967557
TI  - [Some indices of the metabolic processes in pregnant women with hypertension who
      have been on a diet].

PMID- 967558
TI  - [Lactic and pyruvic acid content and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the
      dynamics of pregnancy and labor in healthy women].

PMID- 967559
TI  - [Steroid hormone metabolism in pregnant women with chronic hepatocholecystitis].

PMID- 967560
TI  - [Stillbirth of large fetuses].

PMID- 967561
TI  - [Some data on the morphology of the spleen in the early stages of human
      embryogenesis].

PMID- 967562
TI  - [Functional state of the female genital sphere in occupational contact with
      tetramethylthiurem disulfide].

PMID- 967563
TI  - [Use of the vacuum electrophoresis of a mud extract in the overall treatment of
      chronic, recurrent adnexitis].

PMID- 967564
TI  - [Giant mucinous tumors of the ovaries simulating pregnancy].

PMID- 967565
TI  - [Immunoglobulin content in various forms of pneumonia in young children].

PMID- 967566
TI  - Symphalangism with metacarpophalangeal fusions and elbow abnormalities.
AB  - Three generations of a family manifest similar skeletal abnormalities: proximal
      symphalangism with several unusual features, metacarpophalangeal synostoses,
      massive tarsal and carpal fusions and abnormalities of the elbows (radial head
      dislocation, radiohumeral synostosis). Two members of this family were previously
      reported by Pearlman et al. as examples of the Nievergelt syndrome, but the
      affected individuals lack the mesomelic dysplasia that is an integral part of
      that entity. Moreover, the Nievergelt syndrome does not include symphalangism.
      The term "Nievergelt-Pearlman syndrome" should be dropped.

PMID- 967567
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis in pediatrics. The state of the art of ultrasonic diagnosis
      in pediatrics today Part I.

PMID- 967568
TI  - Giant idiopathic thymomegaly.
AB  - Apart from the anterior mediastinal position and the usual size of the normal
      thymus, aberrant locations and extreme size variations may occur. This is
      illustrated by an eight month old boy whose histologically normal thymus
      presented as a large mass in the right hemithorax. It is the largest normal
      thymus on record in an infant. Thus, idiopathic thymomegaly should also be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of peripheral intrathoracic mass
      lesions.

PMID- 967569
TI  - Traumatic para-mediastinal air cyst. A case report.
AB  - The roentgenographic features of a paramediastinal air cyst following chest
      trauma are reported. After an initial period of enlargement the lesion completely
      resolved in one month. Experience with this patient and a review of similar cases
      reported in the literature suggests that lesions of this type may be observed for
      spontaneous resolution.

PMID- 967570
TI  - Epiphyseo-metaphyseal cupping following infantile scurvy.
AB  - A five year old girl presented with short femora, cupped distal metaphyses and
      flexion deformity of the knees suggesting previous epiphyseo-metaphyseal damage.
      The aetiology was suggested by finding a history of previous infantile scurvy
      with separated distal femoral epiphyses. The rarity of this complication and
      possible contributing factors are discussed.

PMID- 967571
TI  - Bone dysplasias in radiographic diagnosis.

PMID- 967572
TI  - The neuro-radiological examination of endocrine disorders of central origin in
      the child (precocious puberty, hypopituitarism).
AB  - The neuro-radiological findings in 38 cases of precocious puberty of central
      origin and 9 cases of hypopituitarism (craniopharyngiomas excepted), are
      reported. The radiological examination consisted of plain films of the skull and
      pneumo-encephalography. In the 9 cases with hypopituitarism radiological
      examination was normal in 4 and localised but quite diverse anomalies were
      discovered in 5. Out of 38 patients presenting with isosexual precocious puberty,
      29 were female and 9 male. Out of the 29 girls, neuro-radiological examination
      was normal in 20 and showed a hypothalamic anomaly in 9. Out of the 9 boys, 8 had
      a hypothalamic anomaly, and only one examination was normal. In precocious
      puberty we found 1 ectopic pinealoma and 2 gliomas of the chiasma. In these three
      cases the clinical context and radiological examination made the diagnosis
      obvious. Masses were discovered in 7 (3 spongioblastomas and 4 heterotopias). In
      2 cases (spongioblastomas) neurological symptoms were present and made an
      operation mandatory. In 5 cases (1 spongioblastoma, 4 heterotopias) precocious
      puberty was an isolated finding. It was not possible to make, on a clinical or
      radiological bases, a distinction between spongioblastoma and heterotopia. As
      time has passed the role of surgery has changed. Formerly, surgery aimed at
      excision of the lesion, but with advances in medical treatment surgical
      intervention is now directed towards biopsy and the histological study of lesions
      which may be treated by radiotherapy.

PMID- 967573
TI  - Arteriographic diagnosis of brain death in children.
AB  - Transfemoral cerebral angiography was performed in four children with brain death
      secondary to increased intracranial pressure. Findings not previously described
      are filling of the cavernous, petrous and cervical portions of the contralateral
      internal carotid artery via the anterior communicating artery, filling of the
      basilar and vertebral arteries via the posterior communicating artery and
      anterior displacement of the basilar artery.

PMID- 967574
TI  - Radiographic findings in children with psychosocial dwarfism.
AB  - The diagnosis of psychosocial dwarfism is established through history, the
      determination of delay in growth and skeletal maturation, the lack of evidence of
      organic disease and accelerated growth and psychomotor development in a nuturing
      environment. Radiographically temporary widening of the cranial sutures may be
      detected in a follow up examination or less often already at the time of initial
      examination. Determination of wide cranial sutures may be contributary in
      establishing the diagnosis of psychosocial dwarfism. In a patient with this
      syndrome and lack of neurological signs or symptoms widening of the cranial
      sutures is an expected finding and no further neuroradiologic studies are
      necessary.

PMID- 967575
TI  - Radiologic features of "adult type" polycystic kidney disease in the neonate.
AB  - Two cases are reported of adult type polycystic renal disease (autosomal
      dominant) presenting in the newborn as a unilateral abdominal mass. The
      radiographic findings in the involved kidney simulated the ectatic tubules of
      infantile polycystic disease, yet histologic examination was consistent with the
      adult variety and both infants had other family members with adult type
      polycystic kidneys. These cases emphasize some of the ambiguities that exist in
      the definition and classification of polycystic renal disease.

PMID- 967576
TI  - Multiple bladder filling defects in children with cystitis.
AB  - Two children with cystitis presented with multiple filling defects in the urinary
      bladder. They were proven to be cases of cystitis glandularis with proliferative
      changes of the bladder epithelium. The radiographic findings are described and
      the differential diagnosis from neoplasms is outlined.

PMID- 967577
TI  - Postmortem angiocardiography in newborn infants with congenital malformation of
      the heart and great vessels.
AB  - In congenital malformations of the heart and great vessels with a fatal outcome a
      postmortem angiocardiography may contribute to diagnosis. In this technique the
      heart is not dissected and the topographical relationships remain unchanged. A
      postmorten angiocardiography is of particular interest if no autopsy is to be
      performed. Some patho-anatomical details are demonstrated in three selected
      cases: newborn infants with 1. hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 2. truncus
      arteriosus communis with interruption of the aortic arch, and 3. aortic-left
      ventricular tunnel.

PMID- 967578
TI  - Experiences with triggered pulmonary exposures in children.
AB  - With conventional manual triggering technique pulmonary exposures expected to
      time and end-inspiration were made on 51 small children. These exposures showed a
      random distribution. Transthoracic impedance reflects the variations in the
      pulmonary air-fluid ratio during respiration. In 94 infants and small children
      the transthoracic impedance was monitored while pulmonary exposures were
      triggered by a pulse given at the level of end-inspiration or end-expiration. It
      was found that transthoracic impedance as a triggering device permitted precise
      matching of the exposures to end-inspiration or end-expiration.

PMID- 967579
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in children: clinico-roentgenologic features of the lesion in
      the chest.
AB  - The roentgenologic features of Hodgkin's disease were studied in 105 patients
      under 14 years of age. The mediastinal and hilar nodes were involved in 64.7% of
      patients. Some consistency of extent and pattern of disease was observed in that
      mediastinal lymphatic lesions could be associated with cervico-supra-clavicular
      and retroperitoneal lesions. There was lung infiltration in 14.3% of patients and
      the frequency of this lesion dependent on the histological type. It was commoner
      in nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity and lymphocytic depletion. Lung
      infiltration usually developed in continuity with the lymphatic gland lesion and
      only rarely in a metastasis-like form.

PMID- 967580
TI  - Preoperative diagnosis of benign hepatic hamartoma by correlation radioisotopic
      and angiographic studies.
AB  - The case of a 12 year old girl with a hamartoma of the liver is reported. A
      preoperative liver scan showed accumulation of technetium-99m sulfur colloid in
      the tumor with isotopic and contrast arteriography demonstration of a
      hypervascular intrahepatic mass. Although these diagnostic findings are not
      pathognomonic of hamartoma, they are indicative of a benign lesion within the
      liver.

PMID- 967581
TI  - The radiolucent liver.
AB  - Changes in the liver density on the plain film of the abdomen may be seen when
      there is a change in the nature of the liver structure. Increased amount of fat
      is associated with increased radioluceny which can be detected when looked for
      specifically. Since 1972, we have had the chance to make a diagnosis of fatty
      liver on the plain film of the abdomen in five patients. In all these cases,
      histological sections showed severe fatty change. This finding becomes easier to
      appreciate on the early films of an I.V.P. examination, especially when large
      doses are used.

PMID- 967582
TI  - Magnification renal scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of septa of
      Bertin.
AB  - Eight consecutive patients, referred because intravenous urography (IVP) raised
      the question of hypertrophied septum of Bertin versus a pathologic mass, were
      examined using 99mTc labeled radiopharmaceuticals with magnification renal
      scintigraphy. The areas of concern showed a spectrum of activity, from normal to
      markedly increased, as compared to surrounding tissue. The activity correlated
      with the size of the mass effect on IVP. Increased resolution provided by pinhole
      magnification was important in evaluating these patients. We feel that
      magnification renal scintigraphy is valuable in the evaluation of intrarenal
      masses.

PMID- 967583
TI  - Calcified thrombus in the inferior vena cava in infants and children.
AB  - Calcified thrombi in the prerenal (suprarenal) segment of the inferior vena have
      a characteristic radiographic appearance that permits accurate "plain film"
      diagnosis. Most have been fortuitously discovered in infants and young children.
      None of the affected individuals has had clinical evidence of venous obstruction.
      Vena caval obstruction is usually incomplete. Uncalcified clot caudal to the
      calcified thrombus caused complete obstruction of the inferior vena cava and
      renal veins in one of our patients, a healthy infant; since collateral flow was
      adequate surgery was not advised. We believe that aggressive diagnostic and
      therapeutic measures are unnecessary in the management of infants and children
      with calcified thrombi in the inferior vena cava.

PMID- 967584
TI  - A form of metatropic dwarfism in two brothers.
AB  - Two brothers are described with identical features of short-limbed dwarfism,
      normal face, hands and feet, respiratory difficulties and mild scoliosis. It
      proved impossible to offer a definitive diagnosis, though radiological features
      as a whole bore similarities to those of metatropic dwarfism, with the most
      notable feature the narrowing of the ossified components of the vertebral bodies.

PMID- 967585
TI  - Angiographically diagnosed hemangioma of the bladder.

PMID- 967586
TI  - Anomalous left pulmonary artery with an unusual barium swallow.
AB  - An atypical finding on barium swallow in a child with an anomalous left pulmonary
      artery causing obstructive emphysema in the right lung is described. The value of
      bronchography and need for early surgical intervention is stressed.

PMID- 967587
TI  - Cervical herniation of the lung. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - Cervical herniation of the apex of the lung into the soft tissues of the neck is
      a rare finding in the pediatric age group. Whereas in adults the etiology is
      either post-traumatic or secondary to chronic respiratory disease, in children
      the condition appears to arise spontaneously as the result of a congenital defect
      in the costovertebral fascia. Surgical treatment is rarely indicated unless there
      is evidence of incarceration, or progressive increase in size with resultant
      cosmetic deformity.

PMID- 967588
TI  - Calcified subvalvular left ventricular aneurysm: an unusual case in a 4-year-old
      child.
AB  - An unusual form of left ventricular aneurysm affecting young Negroes has recently
      been described at the aortic or mitral valve ring; constitutional factors have
      been postulated. A 4-year-old Negro boy was observed with a left ventricular
      submitral aneurysm, probably one of the largest and one of the most calcified to
      be reported. Tuberculous lymphadenitis involving some of the mediastinal lymph
      nodes was found on postmortem examination; tuberculosis was believed to be a
      secondary contributing factor. A review of the literature disclosed only 5 other
      children with calcified left ventricular aneurysms, of which 2 were of the
      subvalvular type.

PMID- 967589
TI  - [Case of ectodermal dysplasia in a 6-week-old infant with congenital heart
      disease and porencephaly].

PMID- 967590
TI  - [Effects of vitamin D isolated from fish liver oil in experimental rickets in
      rats].

PMID- 967591
TI  - [Development of natural alloagglutinin level against ABO blood group system in
      healthy children 3 months to 3 years of age].

PMID- 967592
TI  - [Acceleration phenomenon is the system of natural anti-A and anti-B
      alloagglutinins in healthy children].

PMID- 967593
TI  - [Spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in acute pneumonia in infants
      and small children].

PMID- 967594
TI  - [Lactic dehydrogenase and alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activity in children
      with juvenile diabetes].

PMID- 967595
TI  - [Mauriac syndrome--an ever present problem in infantile diabetes].

PMID- 967596
TI  - [Dental age and skeletal maturity and growth in children with hypothalamo
      hypophyseal failure].

PMID- 967597
TI  - [Concurrence of pathological values of hematologic and biochemical indices of
      anemia in children from 3 to 36 months of age].

PMID- 967598
TI  - [Transient vitamin K deficiency and secondary hypoprothrombinemia in infants and
      older children].

PMID- 967599
TI  - [Enteropathies with lactose intolerance accompanying chronic otitis media and
      mastoiditis in infants].

PMID- 967600
TI  - [Reactions and complications following pneumoencephalography in children with
      central nervous system diseases depending on the type of pharmacological
      premedication and some clinical indices].

PMID- 967601
TI  - [Atypical clinical patterns of subacute sclerosing encephalitis].

PMID- 967602
TI  - [Glucagon as a cardiac drug].

PMID- 967603
TI  - [Case of subacute sclerosing encephalitis in an 11-year-old girl].

PMID- 967604
TI  - [Amyloid nephrosis syndrome in a case of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 967605
TI  - [Cytological and immunocytochemical characteristics of cells from irrigation
      fluid of the bronchi in chronic nonspecific pneumonia in children].

PMID- 967606
TI  - [Importance of cytological and immunofluorescent studies in the diagnosis of
      chronic respiratory tract diseases].

PMID- 967607
TI  - [Certain clinico-immunogical parallels in chronic nonspecific diseases of the
      respiratory organs in children].

PMID- 967608
TI  - [Functional state of the lymphoid cells of the palatine tonsils and peripheral
      blood lymphocytes in broncho-pulmonary diseases in children].

PMID- 967609
TI  - [Dynamics of the indicators of the kinin-breaking-down enzyme (carboxypeptidase
      N) in healthy children and those with bronchopulmonary diseases].

PMID- 967610
TI  - [Energy metabolism in children in different phases of acute and chronic
      pneumonia].

PMID- 967611
TI  - [Antibacterial therapy in acute respiratory viral diseases].

PMID- 967612
TI  - [Bacterial allergy in children with recurrent and chronic broncho-pulmonary
      diseases].

PMID- 967613
TI  - [Indicators of hemodynamics in clinical variants of chronic pneumonia in
      children].

PMID- 967614
TI  - [Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in chronic
      nonspecific pneumonia in children].

PMID- 967615
TI  - [Electroaerosols of antibiotics in complex treatment of protracted and chronic
      pneumonia in young children].

PMID- 967616
TI  - [Inductothermy and magnesium electrophoresis in complex treatment of children
      with acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory organs].

PMID- 967617
TI  - [Organization of medical service to children with chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 967618
TI  - [Change of etiological factors in the development of chronic laryngeal stenosis
      in children].

PMID- 967619
TI  - [Certain immunologic indicators in children with acute suppurative lung
      destruction].

PMID- 967620
TI  - [Importance of certain immunological tests in differential diagnosis of round
      formations in the lungs in children and adolescents].

PMID- 967621
TI  - [New method of artificial respiration during bronchoscopy under anesthesia in
      children (injection bronchoscopy)].

PMID- 967622
TI  - [Specific vital capacity in children of school age].

PMID- 967623
TI  - [Determination of PCO2 of mixed arterial and venous blood by using non-invasive
      method].

PMID- 967624
TI  - [Substantiation of common classification of pneumonia in children].

PMID- 967625
TI  - [Classification of acute pneumonia in children].

PMID- 967626
TI  - [Content of certain enzymes in bile and blood serum of healthy children].

PMID- 967627
TI  - [Secretory function of the stomach in diffuse glomerulonephritis in children].

PMID- 967628
TI  - [Clinical importance of detection of pulmonary antigen in the blood of children
      with pneumonia].

PMID- 967629
TI  - [Immunoglobulins of the cerebrospinal fluid in certain nervous system diseases in
      children].

PMID- 967630
TI  - [Case of neurilemmoma of transverse colon in a new born infant].

PMID- 967631
TI  - [Long stay of a foreign body in the urethra of a 13-year-old boy].

PMID- 967632
TI  - [Multiple rib fractures in an infant of 1 month and 8 days].

PMID- 967633
TI  - [Penetrating acute ulcer of the esophagus into the aorta in an 11-month-old
      child].

PMID- 967634
TI  - [Immunologic states in children with recurrent and chronic broncho-pulmonary
      diseases].

PMID- 967635
TI  - [The Stuart factor. Apropos of a case of congenital deficiency].

PMID- 967636
TI  - [Transitory respiratory distress in newborn infants. Comparative study with
      hyaline membrane disease].

PMID- 967637
TI  - [Nosologic problems of essential polycythemia in children. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 967638
TI  - [Importance of the identification of an alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype in
      respiratory disorders and asthma of children].

PMID- 967639
TI  - [Hypodermic migrant myiasis with intracerebral hematoma. Apropos of a case in a 7
      year-old child].

PMID- 967640
TI  - [Ocular myiasis "Hypoderma bovis" in a child with mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 967641
TI  - [Arachnodactylia with congenital contractures (C.C.A. syndrome)].

PMID- 967643
TI  - [Nordisk Medicin tries out a treatment scheme].

PMID- 967642
TI  - [Reporting on the adverse effects of drugs in the Scandinavian countries].

PMID- 967644
TI  - [Scientists and the drug industry].

PMID- 967645
TI  - [4,000 adverse effects of drugs are reported in the Scandinavian countries every
      year].

PMID- 967646
TI  - [Are the adverse effects over-emphasised in discussions on drugs?].

PMID- 967647
TI  - [Ischemic vascular disease of the legs--discussion of a treatment scheme].

PMID- 967648
TI  - [Rehabilitation in Denmark--organisation and function].

PMID- 967649
TI  - [The Tobacco Act in Norway--experiences in its enforcement].

PMID- 967650
TI  - [Symphysiotomy--an out-of-date obstetric operation?].

PMID- 967651
TI  - [Becoming a surgeon--considerations before the choice of profession].

PMID- 967652
TI  - [Health control as a part of medical practice].

PMID- 967653
TI  - [General practitioner not covered by the new treaty on a Scandinavian specialist
      labor market].

PMID- 967654
TI  - [Is allergy due to immunodeficiency].

PMID- 967655
TI  - [Serum IgE in patients suffering from IgA deficiency with or without atopy].
AB  - Numerous studies, based upon the frequency of allergic and auto-immune disorders
      in association with selective deficiency in IgA, as well as the abnormally high
      proportion of IgA deficiency in atopic patients, have led to the hypothesis that
      allergy results from a deficiency in IgA during the first months of life. Thus
      subjects with an initial transient deficiency in IgA (followed by normal or
      greater than average production) produce an excess of IgE. The aim of this study,
      carried out by multifactorial data analysis, was to determine whether serum IgE
      levels were related to those of IgA. Comparison of the serum Ig levels of 4
      groups of individuals, with or without IgA deficiency, showed that the production
      of IgE was more closely related to the respiratory condition responsible than to
      IgA levels. According to IgA and E levels, the 4 groups differ distinctly, atopic
      patients without asthma constituting a "bridge" between the control group and
      those with asthma. In the presence of an apparently identical situation, i.e. an
      IgA deficiency, individuals may react in two different ways: some produce an
      abundance of IgE whilst others fail to do so and are more susceptible to
      recurrent infective episodes. The role of the genetic control of IgE as well as
      environmental factors in the pathogenesis of allergic manifestations is
      discussed.

PMID- 967656
TI  - [Echotomography of the liver with three-dimensional representation of the organ].
AB  - Three-dimensional representation facilitates the reading of ultrasonic
      seriographs of the liver. It uses a conducing wire to provide a correspondence
      between the xipho-umbilical line and the information collected on the
      seriographic polaroids. Proceeding from image to image, a more thorough
      interpretation is possible. This analytical study provides a synthetic
      representation of the organ. When present lesions are seen on these diagrams and
      their location and dimensions clearly defined. A precise indication of the
      height, breadth and thickness of the organ is given, which makes it possible to
      obtain an accurate approximation of the hepatic volume, taking the morphotype
      into consideration.

PMID- 967657
TI  - [Retroperitoneal lymph node involvement in cancer of the cervix uteri. Prognostic
      and therapeutic effect].

PMID- 967658
TI  - [Thermography of the scrotum. Preliminary results].

PMID- 967659
TI  - [Diffuse decalcifying IgD myelomatosis].

PMID- 967660
TI  - [Evaluation of septicemia risk in burn patients. Parallel between skin bacterial
      count and blood culture].

PMID- 967661
TI  - [For or against telling the truth to patients].

PMID- 967662
TI  - [Scoliosis in patients with parkinsonism].

PMID- 967663
TI  - [Hemolysis with course of periodic disease].

PMID- 967664
TI  - [Renal insufficiency in the course of phacomatosis].

PMID- 967665
TI  - [Acute necrosis of the fingers and toes in the course of disseminated
      intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 967666
TI  - [Use of morphinomimetics in biliary tract surgery].

PMID- 967667
TI  - [Informed student and... disputable doctor. Necessity to improve clinical
      instruction].

PMID- 967668
TI  - [Apprenticeship of medical responsibility. An important objective in clinical
      instruction].

PMID- 967669
TI  - CD spectra of 5-methyl-2-thiouridine in tRNA-Met-f from an extreme thermophile.
AB  - 5-Methyl-2-thiouridine (S) in tRNA-Met-f from an extreme thermophile is located
      in the TpsiC region, replacing T, and has a positive CD band centered at 310 nm.
      Upon heating, the profiles of the change in this band were similar to the UV
      melting profiles of the change monitored at 260 nm. This strongly suggests a
      close relation between heat denaturation of the tRNA and the conformation of the
      S base. Oligonucleotides containing S showed negative CD bands at 320-330 nm,
      like the monomer S itself, but when the 3'-2/5 fragment containing S formed a
      complex with the complementary 5'-3/5 fragment, a positive CD band appeared at
      310 nm. These results suggest that combination of the TpsiC loop containing S
      with the hU loop is necessary for the positive band of S at 310 nm. S may serve
      to strengthen the association of the TpsiC loop with the hU loop in tRNA of the
      thermophile.

PMID- 967670
TI  - Reactivity and selectivity in light-induced free radical reactions of 2-propanol
      with purine and pyrimidine mononucleotides and dinucleoside monophosphates.
AB  - Photoalkylation reactions with 2-propanol, initiated with di-tert-butyl peroxide,
      of a variety of purine and pyrimidine mononucleotides and dinucleoside
      monophosphates lead to the substitution of an alpha-hydroxyisopropyl group for
      the H-8 atom of adenosine and the addition of the alcohol across the 5,6-double
      bond of the pyrimidines. Adenosine moieties blocked at their 3'-hydroxyl group
      are alkylated faster than those blocked at their 5'-hydroxyl. The reactivity of
      the uridine moieties of 3'-UMP, 5'-UMP, and uridylyl-(3',5')-uridine is not
      affected by the location of the phosphate group. However, the uridine moiety of
      uridylyl-(3',5')-adenosine is modified faster than that of adenylyl-(3',5')
      uridine. It is suggested that steric hindrance imposed by the phosphate group
      determines the reactivity of adenosine moieties, while base stacking involving
      adenosine determines the reactivity of uridine moieties. These two effects play a
      major role in controlling the nature and degree of the selectivity of these
      photoalkylation reactions for either adenosine or uridine. Cytidine has been
      found to be inert in these reactions.

PMID- 967671
TI  - Detection of DNA and RNA polymerase activities in situ following electrophoresis
      in polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - A procedure is described for the detection of DNA dependent DNA and RNA
      polymerase activities in intact polyacrylamide gels that contain DNA. After
      electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions, the intact gels are incubated
      with DNA or RNA polymerase reaction mixture in which one of the four
      deoxyribonucleoside or ribonucleoside triphosphates is radioactively labeled. The
      acid insoluble radioactivity associated with the intact gel is then analyzed by
      autoradiography of the intact gel or by liquid scintillation spectrometry of the
      sliced gel. Inhibition of the enzymatic activities by low molecular weight
      compounds such as N-ethylmaleimide or rifampin can be demonstrated by this
      procedure.

PMID- 967672
TI  - Organisation of subunits in chromatin.
AB  - There is considerable current interest in the organisation of nucleosomes in
      chromatin. A strong X-ray and neutron semi-meridional diffraction peak at
      approximately 10 nm had previously been attributed to the interparticle specing
      of a linear array of nucleosomes. This diffraction peak could also result from a
      close packed helical array of nucleosomes. A direct test of these proposals is
      whether the 10 nm peak is truly meridional as would be expected for a linear
      array of nucleosomes or is slightly off the meridian as expected for a helical
      array. Neutron diffraction studies of H1-depleted chromatin support the latter
      alternative. The 10 nm peak has maxima which form a cross-pattern with semi
      meridional angle of 8 to 9 degrees. This is consistent with a coil of nucleosomes
      of pitch 10 nm and outer diameter of approximately 30 nm. These dimensions
      correspond to about six nucleosomes per turn of the coli.

PMID- 967673
TI  - Two restriction endonucleases from Bacillus globiggi.
AB  - The sites of action of the restriction enzyme Bgl II on lambda DNA are mapped.
      This enzyme recognises the sequence 5' ...AGATCT...3' and makes staggered cuts
      producing sticky ends. In lambda DNA, the second A in this sequence is methylated
      about 50% of the time by a bacterial methylase absent in E. coli dam. In contrast
      to Bgl II, Bgl I makes many cuts in lambda DNA and produces 5' terminals which
      are not substrates for polynucleotide kinase.

PMID- 967674
TI  - Persistence of the ten-nucleotide repeat in chromatin unfolded in urea, as
      revealed by digestion with deoxyribonuclease i.
AB  - It is shown by enzymatic digestion of chromatin from rat liver or Guerin ascites
      tumour (GAT) that treatments, which abolish the 180 base pair repeat, as revealed
      by digestion with micrococcal nuclease (shearing in salt solutions of medium
      ionic strength, sonication, fixation with formaldehyde in the presence of 5 M
      urea), have little effect on the 10 nucleotide repeat, observed in
      deoxyribonuclease I digests.

PMID- 967675
TI  - An improved synthetic route to the beta-hydroxyethyl esters of 5'-nucleotides.
AB  - A simple method is described for the preparation of the beta-hydroxyethyl esters
      of nucleoside 5'-phosphates by treatment of the appropriate 2',3'-isopropylidene
      nucleoside with 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3-dioxaphospholane. Unambigous structural
      assignments were based on 13C nmr spectroscopy. Chemical shifts and 13C-31P spin
      spin coupling constants are discussed.

PMID- 967676
TI  - Diversity of sequences in total and polyadenylated nuclear RNA from Drosophila
      cells.
AB  - Complementary DNA was synthesized using polyadenylated nuclear RNA of cultured
      Drosophila cells as template. The kinetics of hybridization of this cDNA with
      nuclear RNA indicated that the complexity of this RNA population is five to ten
      times greater than that of cytoplasmic mRNA. The same difference in the fraction
      of DNA represented was obtained when nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA were hybridized
      with labeled unique sequence DNA. The fraction of the DNA sequences represented
      in total number of polyadenylated nuclear RNA is much higher than that
      represented in cytoplasmic RNA.

PMID- 967677
TI  - The base catalysed anomerisation of beta-5-formyluridine; crystal and molecular
      structure of alpha-5-formyluridine.
AB  - On treatment with strong base beta-5-formyluridine undergoes an anomerisation to
      give a mixture of the alpha- and beta-anomers. The anomers have been separated by
      fractional recrystallisation and the absolute configuration of the alpha-anomer
      has been determined by X-ray analysis.

PMID- 967678
TI  - Regenerating rat liver DNA polymerases: disimilitude or relationship between
      nuclear and cytoplasmic enzymes?
AB  - The possible relationship between the nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA polymerases of
      regenerating rat liver was studied by sucrose gradient analysis, salt
      dissociation, and with specific inhibitors. After aqueous subcellular
      fractionation and removal of the nuclear membranes, three species of DNA
      dependent DNA polymerases were characterized: 1) a DNA polymerase-beta in the
      nuclei. 2) a DNA polymerase-alpha in the cytosol which was not dissociated at
      high salt concentrations; and 3) an intermediate form in the cytosol and in the
      Triton wash containing the nuclear membranes. The latter form behaved like DNA
      polymerase-alpha et low salt concentration but was dissociated at high salt
      concentrations to a low molecular weight species with properties like DNA
      polymerase-beta (resistance to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide, heparin and KCL).
      In vitro reassociation experiments suggest that this intermediate form
      corresponds to the association of DNA polymerase-beta with a membrane component
      or cytoplasmic protein(s) which appear(s) in regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 967679
TI  - Chromatin and nucleosome structure.
AB  - Chromatin nucleosomes (mononucleosomes through pentanucleosomes) have been
      isolated by staphylococcal nuclease digestion of calf thymus nuclei. The peak
      value ellipticity is the same for all oligomers, 1900 deg cm2, mol-1 at 280-nm,
      23 degrees C. The dh280/dT vs T show a progressive increase in Tm of the main
      thermal band (73.5 degrees C, monomer; 79 degrees C, pentamer). Very small
      amounts of free DNA can be observed in the melting profiles, and shoulders at 60
      degrees C and 93 degrees C appear and increase in magnitude as the particle size
      increases. The magnitude of the change, delta[theta]280, increases with oligomer
      size. This pattern could result from an initial unfolding of an asymmetric
      assembly of nucleosomes (polynucleosome superhelix) in addition to the
      denaturation of the internal nucleosome structure, and a subsequent or
      simultaneous denaturation of the double strand DNA. The extent of this unfolding
      appears to depend upon the size of the oligomer and therefore implies
      interactions between asymmetrically assembled neighboring nucleosomes.

PMID- 967680
TI  - Circular dichroism studies of ethidium bromide binding to the isolated nucleolus.
AB  - Circular dichroism in the 300-360 nm region and fluorescence induced by
      intercaltating binding of ethidum bromide to both DNA and RNA components were
      studied in isolated HeLa nucleoli. Both DNA and RNA compoents contribute to the
      induced dichroic elliticity. Digestion of nucleoli by RNase or DNase shows that
      most of the induced ellipticity comes from the DNA component. In nucleoli with an
      RNA/DNA = 0.8/1.0 the RNA component gives only 20% of the total ellipticity when
      measured at an ethidium bromide/DNA = 0.25. Spectro-fluorometric titration shows
      that ethidium bromide intercalates mostly into DNA in nucleoli. Both circular
      dichroism and fluorescence studies indicate that both DNA and RNA components in
      isolated nucleoli are less accessible to intercalating binding by ethidium
      bromide when compared to purified nucleolar DNA, DNA in chromatin or purified
      ribosomal RNA. Circular dichroic measurements of intercalating binding of
      ethidium bromide to to nucleoli may be used to study changes in nucleoli under
      different physiological or pathological conditions.

PMID- 967681
TI  - Thermal denaturation of sheared and unsheared chromatin by absorption and
      circular dichroism measurements.
AB  - Thermal denaturation of chromatin is observed by simultaneously monitoring
      absorption and circular dichroism at 276 nm as functions of temperature. Either
      observation indicates that sheared chromatins shows less thermal stability than
      native chromatin. The temperature-dependent ellipticities at 276 nm of these
      chromatins show features not seen in the absorption curves: the ellipticity of
      unsheared chromatin increases with temperature, while this increase is abolished
      or greatly reduced in the same chromatin after shearing. After its first thermal
      transition (prior to the helix-coli transition) the unsheared chromatin achieves
      the same ellipticity as sheared chromatin.

PMID- 967682
TI  - Preparation and properties of a poly A resin and its use in the isolation of
      naturally occurring poly U sequences.
AB  - A method for the covalent attachment of poly A, as well as other nucleic acids
      and nucleosides, to a methylene dianiline derivative of starch is described. The
      properties of this poly A resin and its use for the recovery of poly U sequences
      from both nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts of HeLa cells is described.

PMID- 967683
TI  - Structural studies on the two forms of 8-bromo-2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine.
AB  - The crystal and molecular structures of two forms of 8-bromo-2',3'-O
      isopropylideneadenosine have been determined by X-ray methods. In one form, the
      molecular structure has planar conformation in the sugar moiety and no
      intramolecular hydrogen bond. On the other hand, the molecular structure of the
      second form has C(2')-endo conformation and an intramolecular hydrogen bond. No
      stacking interaction between adjacent bases is found in either form, but two
      modes of the base-pairing hydrogen bond exist in the second form.

PMID- 967684
TI  - The conservation of poly-A-containing RNA during the dormant state of the moss
      Polytrichum commune.
AB  - The moss Polytrichum commune can be dried to less than 2% of free water and kept
      for some weeks without losing its viability. Upon rehydration of the moss,
      protein synthesis starts about 60 minutes before incorporation of radioactive
      precursors into RNA can be observed. Pulse labeled total RNA and poly-A
      containing RNA do not show quantitative or qualitative alterations during
      desiccation up to 20 days.

PMID- 967685
TI  - Chicken globin gene number.
AB  - Using complementary DNA prepared from adult chicken globin messenger RNA, we show
      the existence of 2-3 non-cross-hybridising globin sequences in the chicken
      genome, each of which is present in only one copy per haploid genome. This was
      done by solution hybridization to total DNA under conditions of cDNA excess. The
      data agreses with results of RNA-driven hybridisation of globin complementary
      DNA, and with protein data.

PMID- 967686
TI  - Sequence specific fragments in the field desorption mass spectra of dinucleoside
      phosphates.
AB  - In field desorption mass spectrometry of ribodinucleoside phosphates the
      formation of nucleoside cyclophosphates can be used to determine the base
      sequence.

PMID- 967687
TI  - Effects of phytohormones on thermal denaturation profiles of Cymbidium DNA:
      indication of differential DNA replication.
AB  - Protocorm pieces of the orchid Cymbidium were aseptically cultured either without
      phytohormones, or with one of the growth promoting substances, auxin cytokinin,
      and gibberellin. The derivative melting profiles of the extracted DNA's differ
      from each other with respect to the size of various AT- and GC- rich fractions.
      Evidence has been obtained for the increase of the more AT--rich fractions in
      auxin-treated cultures, while gibberellin stimulated the expansion of the GC-rich
      fractions. These results are consistent with earlier cytological and cytochemical
      findings and indicate the involvement of hormone-controlled differential DNA
      replication in the development of Cymbidium protocorms in vitro.

PMID- 967688
TI  - The absence of histone H1 from the chromatin fraction obtained by sonication of
      calf thymus nuclei under "quasiphysiological" ionic conditions.
AB  - The minor chromatin fraction was isolated from the sonicated calf thymus nuclei
      on the basis of its differential solubility in the "quasiphysiological" salt
      medium (0.1 M KCl-0.05 M NaCl-l mM MgCl2-1 mM CaCl2). Histone Hl is almost
      completely absent from this fraction. DNA isolated from this fraction occurs in
      three discrete low mol. wt. fragments. The fraction of chromatin which lacks
      histone Hl can also be obtained by two other methods. On of them consists in salt
      precipitation of the chromatin gel and its subsequent sonication. The second
      method includes precipitation of the sonicated chromatin gel by salts. In the
      first case the properties of the chromatin fraction which remains in the
      supernatant after centrifugation closely resemble those of the original salt
      soluble nuclear fraction. The second method yields supernatant fraction also
      lacking histone Hl but containing heterogeneous DNA. Comparisons were also made
      of the sonically-solubilized nuclear fractions obtained in the complete salt
      medium and its mono and divalent cationic constituents.

PMID- 967689
TI  - Partial purification of a double-stranded RNA specific ribonuclease (RNAse D)
      from Krebs II ascites cells.
AB  - In a search for eucaryotic enzymes which might process the heterogenous nuclear
      RNA (HnRNA) from animal cells into messenger RNA, a ribonuclease called RNAse D
      analogous to E. coli RNAse III in its ability to cleave specifically synthetic or
      viral double-stranded polyribonucleotides has been detected and extensively
      purified from the cytosol of Krebs II mouse ascites cells. The purification
      procedure involved cellular fractionation followed by DEAE-and CM-cellulose
      chromatography and resulted in an RNAas D preparation contaminated with trace
      amounts of single-strand specific RNAse (equivalent to less than 0.3 ng per ml)
      as assayed against poly (rC). Significant levels of RNAse H activity against poly
      (rA)-poly (dT) were still present in these preparations.

PMID- 967690
TI  - On the mechanism of tRNA methylase-tRNA recognition.
AB  - In order to further elucidate the mechanism of tRNA methylase-tRNA intreaction
      the methylation of some individual tRNAs separately and by pairs was performed.
      In conditions of tRNA excess the methylation rates of positionally analogous
      nucleotides in tRNA molecules are not summed up when two substrates are
      simultaneously present in the reaction mixture. The inhibitory action of yeast
      tRNASer, possessing m5c in position 29, on the methylation of C29 in other
      individual tRNAs was shown. Yeast tRNAVal which possesses an A residue in
      position 27 was shown to inhibit the methylation of G27 in E. coli tRNAMet. The
      data obtained confirm the suggestion that tRNA methylases recognizes the tertiary
      structure of tRNAs. They show also that the recognition and the proper catalytic
      action are two  autonomous processes and that the former at least in its first
      stage is rather unspecific.

PMID- 967691
TI  - Metabolism of pyrimidine L-nucleosides.
AB  - The intraperitoneal application of L-nucleosides (L-Cyd, L-Urd, L-dThd) to mice
      results in distribution of these compounds into tissues of the organism and their
      gradual excretion in the unchanged form. The residual level has been observed
      with L-ribonucleosides only and contains in addition to the L-nucleoside its 5'
      phosphate. The phosphorylation in vivo is catalyzed by nucleoside-kinase and
      utilizes ATP as the phosphate donor while glycerol 1-phosphate and creatine
      phosphate are inactive. The L-cytidine derivatives are in vivo deaminated to the
      derivatives of L-uridine. On the other hand, when L-uridine is applied in vivo,
      derivatives of L-cytidine are obtained on the level of both the nucleoside and 5'
      ribonucleotide.

PMID- 967692
TI  - Effects of DL-ethionine on mouse liver tRNA base composition.
AB  - Treatment of mice with DL-ethionine and adenine causes a reduction of all
      methylated bases of liver tRNA. This effect is dose-dependent and specific for
      the methylated bases. Individual methylated components are affected to different
      extents, m22G being most sensitive to inhibition.

PMID- 967693
TI  - Preparation and physical characterization of a homogeneous population of
      monomeric nucleosomes from HeLa cells.
AB  - We describe a method of isolating a homogeneous population of "trimmed" monomeric
      nucleosomes from Hela cells. These nucleoprotein particles contain a 140 +/- 5
      base pair length of DNA and have a histone/DNA ratio of 1.2. They lack H1 and
      contain equal amounts of the four smaller histones. The DNA contains no single
      strand nicks. The particles sediment with an S20,w of 11S in D2O density
      gradients. After formaldehyde fixation, they band at a density of 1.4370 in
      neutral CsCl. Digestion of nucleosomes with either micrococcal nuclease or DNase
      I generates the same pattern of DNA fragments observed when intact nuclei are
      digested. Circular dichroism spectra indicate that the 280 nm positive
      ellipticity maximum of nucleosomes is about one-half that of chromatin. In the
      presence of 6 M urea, nucleosomes sediment with an S20,w of 6S, have a
      multiphasic thermal denaturation profile, and exhibit a circular dichroic
      spectrum nearly identical to that of B-form DNA. Our yield of purified
      nucleosomes (10-15% of the input DNA) is similar to the yields of other methods;
      our nucleosome population is substantially more homogeneous than those previously
      reported.

PMID- 967694
TI  - Protection of particular cleavage sites of restriction endonucleases by
      distamycin A and actinomycin D.
AB  - It is shown here that distamycin A and actinomycin D can protect the recognition
      sites of endo R.EcoRI, EcoRII, HindII, HindIII, HpaI and HpaII from the attack of
      these restriction endonucleases. At proper distamycin concentrations only two
      endo R.EcoRI sites of phage lambda DNA are available for the restriction enzyme-
      sRI1 and sRI4. This phenomenon results in the appearance of larger DNA fragments
      comprising several consecutive fragments of endo R.EcoRI complete cleavage. The
      distamycin fragments isolated from the agarose gels can be subsequently cleaved
      by endo R.EcoRI with the yield of the fragments of complete digestion. We have
      compared the effect of distamycin A and actinomycin D on a number of restriction
      endonucleases having different nucleotide sequences in the recognition sites and
      established that antibiotic action depends on the nucleotide sequences of the
      recognition sites and their closest environment

PMID- 967695
TI  - Effect of ribosylzeatin isomers on the enzymatic degradation of N6-(delta2
      isopentenyl) adenosine.
AB  - Cytokinin oxidase has been partially purified from cultured tobacco tissue. This
      enzyme converts N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)-adenosine to adenosine. The reaction is
      inhibited by the two isomers of ribosylzeatin [n6-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2
      enyl)adenosine]. Trans-ribosylzeatin inhibits the reaction more than the cis
      isomer.

PMID- 967696
TI  - Some properties of tobacco protoplast chromatin.
AB  - Chromatin was prepared from tobacco-leaf protoplasts. Its solubility in
      increasing molarities of NaCl was studied and the structure of the soluble
      fraction observed by electron microscopy. We demonstrate that in plants, the DNA
      and histones are associated in beaded structures similar to those called omicron
      bodies or nucleosomes in animal chromatin. The nucleosomes were associated with
      DNA in either compact or extended forms. The compact arrangement was predominant
      in the fraction solubilized between 0.1 and 0.4 M NaCl. The extended form,
      present at 0.5 and 0.6 M NaCl. showed DNA filaments of various lengths
      interspacing the nucleosomes. At these ionic strengths ring structures were
      present, associated with the DNA. At 0.7 M NaCl and above, only DNA filaments
      were present, occasionally associated with big rings, and nucleosomes were
      compoetely dissociated. Free DNA molecules were present at all ionic strengths
      used. The possible origin and significance of the rings are discussed.

PMID- 967697
TI  - [Cardiopulmonary function disorders during rest and under stress in patients with
      unilateral pleural thickening].

PMID- 967698
TI  - Respiration as a limiting factor for working capacity.

PMID- 967699
TI  - [Lung function and pulmonary circulation in patients with "captive lung" due to
      chest deformity (author's transl)].

PMID- 967700
TI  - Interpretation of pulmonary function by means of the pulmonary age equivalent
      (PAE).

PMID- 967701
TI  - [Respiratory reserve and respiratory volume during work as mechanical respiratory
      capacity limiting factors].

PMID- 967702
TI  - [Humoral inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor as an inhibitogen for secretory proteinase
      inhibitors. Serum concentration in adults and in children with respiratory tract
      diseases].

PMID- 967703
TI  - [Acupuncture in bronchial obstruction--bodyplethysmographic measurements
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 967704
TI  - Broncholytic and protective effects of antiallergic drugs in allergen inhalation
      tests.

PMID- 967705
TI  - [The lung as a limiting factor for physical exercise in patients: blood gases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 967706
TI  - [Theoretical ventilation capacity of the lung, diagrammatic demonstration.
      Comparison with the physiological interpretation].

PMID- 967707
TI  - [Ventilation capacity of isolated lungs in various age groups with reference to
      various evaluation methods specially using Heusinger's method].

PMID- 967708
TI  - [Continued monitoring of mixed venous oxygen partial pressure using a catheter
      electrode].

PMID- 967709
TI  - A modified rebreathing technique for estimating pulmonary O2 diffusing capacity
      in man during exercise.

PMID- 967710
TI  - Adaptation of lung perfusion during unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion
      (author's transl).

PMID- 967711
TI  - [The arterial profile of oxygen tension during work load and recovery--continous
      recording of oxygen tensions in human subjects without lung disease and chronic
      bronchitis patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 967712
TI  - A system of PaO2 continuously controlled ventilation.

PMID- 967713
TI  - [On the clinical applicability of the method of the dead air plateau for
      measurement of the anatomical dead space (author's transl)].

PMID- 967714
TI  - [Problem of heart-synchronic partial pressure variations of respiratory gases].

PMID- 967715
TI  - Experimental studies on airway smooth muscle responses.

PMID- 967716
TI  - [Reflector and topical-irritation induced bronchial constriction].

PMID- 967717
TI  - Bronchoconstriction reflex in bronchial asthma.

PMID- 967718
TI  - Mucus production influenced by drugs: an electron microscopic study.

PMID- 967719
TI  - [Pulmonary circulation as a limiting factor in physical work capacity (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 967720
TI  - Theophylline blood levels with theophylline ethylene diamine.

PMID- 967721
TI  - [The analysis of exercise related disorders in mechanics of breathing by
      ergometric body plethysmography (author's transl)].

PMID- 967722
TI  - Importance of stratificational inhomogenity for pulmonary gas exchange.

PMID- 967723
TI  - [Altered mechanics of breathing responsible for exercise limitation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 967724
TI  - [Principles for the assessment of working disability due to disorders of the lung
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 967726
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 967725
TI  - [Objectivization of pulmonary capacity limits].

PMID- 967727
TI  - [Elimination of indocyanine green (ICG) in liver diseases following increased dye
      loading and prolonged time of measurements].

PMID- 967728
TI  - [Early phase of insulin secretion following oral glucose load in healthy and
      diabetic children].

PMID- 967729
TI  - [Effect of polythiazide on carbohydrate tolerance in healthy subjects and in
      diabetics].

PMID- 967730
TI  - [Changes in serum AspAT and AlAT in patients with chronic peripheral arterial
      obliteration treated with streptokinase].

PMID- 967731
TI  - [Case of pheochromocytoma complicated by necrosis with hemorrhage into the
      retroperitoneal space and shock].

PMID- 967732
TI  - [Acid-base balance and oxygenation in patients following thyroid surgery].

PMID- 967733
TI  - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines in patients with chronic hepatocellular
      damage caused by cirrhosis].

PMID- 967734
TI  - [Ischemia of the lower extremities as a result of prolonged compression of
      arteries].

PMID- 967735
TI  - [Asymptomatic bacteriuria in secondary school female pupils in Gdansk and
      Gdynia].

PMID- 967736
TI  - [Epidemiological studies of hypertension].

PMID- 967737
TI  - [Diabetes as a mortality risk in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 967738
TI  - [Case of developmental anomaly of the appendix (double appendix)].

PMID- 967739
TI  - [Abetalipoproteinemia--congenital deficiency of beta lipoproteins].

PMID- 967740
TI  - [Ability of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by peripheral blood neutrophil
      granulocytes following a single graded exercise and at various times of the day].

PMID- 967741
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in renal diseases presenting no urinary changes or with
      minimal abnormalities].

PMID- 967742
TI  - [Clinical analysis of cases of decompensated liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 967743
TI  - [Middle ear carcinoma].

PMID- 967744
TI  - [Indications for surgery in proctological diseases].

PMID- 967745
TI  - [Acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning in the light of personal observations].

PMID- 967746
TI  - [Usefulness of chlorhexidine gluconate 20% in the disinfection of hospital rooms,
      equipment and medical instruments].

PMID- 967747
TI  - [Case of Schmidt's syndrome].

PMID- 967748
TI  - [2 years in Setif (Algeria) as a neurologist].

PMID- 967749
TI  - [Surgical treatment of aortoiliac occlusion].

PMID- 967750
TI  - [Effect of simultaneous arterial ischemia and venous stasis in the small
      intestine on the development of intestinal adhesions in dogs].

PMID- 967751
TI  - [Reparative surgery in bile duct injuries].

PMID- 967752
TI  - [Postgraduate surgical internship in the light of questionnaire-conducted
      studies].

PMID- 967753
TI  - [Device for hyperbaric oxygen therapy].

PMID- 967754
TI  - [Giant adrenal cyst].

PMID- 967755
TI  - [Anastomosis of splenic vein and left external iliac vein in portal
      hypertension].

PMID- 967756
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase as well as alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity
      in the bile flowing from Kehr's drain in patients undergoing surgery for
      extrahepatic cholelithiasis].

PMID- 967757
TI  - [Endogenous prostaglandins in circulating blood under conditions of
      extracorporeal circulation in dogs].

PMID- 967758
TI  - [Causes of failures in the surgical treatment of cholelithiasis].

PMID- 967759
TI  - [Post-traumatic arteriovenous fistulas].

PMID- 967760
TI  - Concepts and controversies about the prevention of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 967761
TI  - Diet in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 967762
TI  - The common hyperlipidaemias.

PMID- 967763
TI  - Glucose intolerance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis; prospects for
      prevention.

PMID- 967764
TI  - Detection of high coronary risk.

PMID- 967765
TI  - Primary and secondary prevention trials in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 967766
TI  - Spontaneous pplenic rupture and pseudo-hyperkalaemia in chronic lymphatic
      leukaemia.

PMID- 967767
TI  - Agranulocytosis and systemic candidiasis following clomipramine therapy.

PMID- 967768
TI  - Electrocardiographic surface mapping of the heart following myocardial infarction
      and the influence of beta-blockade.
AB  - It is generally accepted that ST segment elevation is one of the characteristic
      electrocardiographic features of acute myocardial infarction. In experimental
      myocardial infarction the degree of ST segment elevation has been related to the
      degree of change in coronary flow. Surface mapping in patients of the
      electrocardiographic potentials gives an indirect representation of the
      epicardial ST segment change and in indication of the area of underlying
      myocardial damage. A number of patients who had sustained myocardial infar-tion
      within 72 hours were studied. All the patients had a history of prolonged
      ischaemic cardiac pain, electrocardiographic changes and a rise in serum enzymes.
      Electrocardiagrams were recorded from 72 points on the chest surface. Control
      maps were constructed from the ST segment changes measured at each of these
      points and plotted on a standard diagram. Electrocardiograms were recorded during
      a control period immediately before 20 mg of practolol was given intravenously
      over a period of five minutes. In all patients practolol produced a significant
      reduction in the area of ST segment elevation as represented by a reduction in
      the number of points with ST elevation of more than 2 mm. The significance of
      these findings is discussed.

PMID- 967769
TI  - Propranolol in acute myocardial infarction in man: effects of haemodynamics and
      myocardial oxygenation.
AB  - Improvement of myocardial oxygenation is a major goal in the treatment of
      ischaemic heart disease. Propranolol, 0-1 mg/kg intravenously, was administered
      to 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction without clinical evidence of left
      ventricular failure. The most important haemodynamic response was a substantial
      decrease in myocardial contractility. This was reflected by a fall in cardiac
      index (average of 0-4 l/min/M2, P less than 0-001) and of arterial mean pressure
      (average of 16 mmHg, P less than 0-001) with little change in systemic vascular
      resistance. Heart rate, not strikingly increased at the control state in the
      majority of patients, decreased an average of 7 beats/minute (P less than 0-001).
      Pulmonary wedge pressure varied; it decreased in 6 patients with high values
      (greater than 15 mmHg) prior to propranolol. These changes in wedge pressure in
      the presence of decreased contractility are probably related to improved left
      ventricular compliance, produced by propranolol. Propranolol markedly improved
      myocardial metabolism. Arterial-coronary sinus oxygen difference decreased an
      average of 0-72 ml/100 ml (P less than 0-001). Myocardial lactate production
      shifted to extraction (average of -8% to 14%) or the rate of lactate extraction
      increased (average of 20% to 29%). Coronary blood flow decreased an average of 13
      ml/100 g/min (P less than 0-001). The finding, that myocardial metabolism
      improved, suggests that decrease in coronary blood flow was mediated by reduced
      myocardial oxygen requirements. None of the 20 patients developed left
      ventricular failure or other complications related to beta-adrenergic blockade.
      Severe chest pain, unresponsive to conventional therapy in four patients, was
      relieved by propranolol. These findings demonstrate that acutely administered
      propranolol improves myocardila oxygenation in patients with uncomplicated acute
      infarction without endangering perfusion of other vital organs.

PMID- 967770
TI  - Propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction at the Royal Melbourne
      Hospital from 1965: a review.
AB  - This review presents our experience in the use of propranolol in the management
      of cardiac infarction. The drug has now been shown to have a definite place, not
      only in  the prevention of cardiac infarction, but also in the treatment of some
      of the complications. The drug has also been advocated because it may minimize
      the extent of myocardial damage.

PMID- 967771
TI  - The use of drug concentration measurements in studies of the therapeutic response
      to propranolol.
AB  - The dose of propranolol which produces the optimal therapeutic effect in patients
      with angina pectoris has been found to vary widely among patients. Because the
      plasma concentration of propranolol also differs markedly due to interpatient
      variability in absorption it seemed possible that this might be the reason for
      the wide range of effective doses in angina and that plasma propranolol might
      provide a useful guide to therapeutic response. To examine this possibility we
      selected ten patients with coronary artery disease complicated by angina and
      studied them at varying propranolol doses to a maximum of 320 mg/day. Exercise
      capacity was tested on a treadmill and plasma propranolol concentration was
      measured by gas liquid chromatography. In seven normal subjects beta-blockade was
      quantified precisely as inhibition of exercise tachycardia and was related to
      plasma propranolol levels at various doses. Maximal beta-blockade occurred at 100
      ng/ml of plasma propranolol, but the dose response curve of blockade was
      relatively flat and the ED50 of plasma propranolol was 8+/-1 ng/ml. In the
      patients maximal therapeutic benefit from propranolol occurred at 30+/-7 ng/ml
      and at a dose of 144 mg/day. This resulted in an increase in exercise capacity
      from an estimated 12-7+/-0-8 ml/kg/min of oxygen consumption during control to 17
      2+/-1-1 ml/kg/min on the drug. Thus, there was a wide variation of both dose and
      concentration among these patients at the maximum therapeutic response. However,
      when plasma propranolol was related to pharmacologic activity, the maximum
      therapeutic response was observed between 64 and 98% of total blockade. These
      studies indicated the extent of beta-blockade necessary to produce an effective
      therapeutic response in angina, but demonstrate that plasma drug levels provide
      no practical guide to therapy in patients with angina pectoris. A further study
      was conducted measuring plasma propranolol in twenty hypertensive patients to
      investigate the fall in blood pressure in relations to the change in plasma renin
      activity and the inhibition of cardiac adrenergic receptors. The inhibition of
      plasma renin closely resemble the response seen in heart rate inhibition in that
      the maximum response is seen at 100 ng/ml and the ED50 was 11 ng/ml. In contrast
      propranolol is shown only to begin to have a significant effect on blood pressure
      at a plasma level of 30 ng/ml and the effect becomes progressively greater as the
      plasma level increases. This suggests that the hypotensive effect of propranolol
      may be dissociated from the beta-blocking effects of cardiac and renin releasing
      receptors.

PMID- 967772
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of beta-blockade in patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - The pressure-volume relationship of the intact human ventricle during ischaemia
      and following the administration of a drug commonly used to treat ischaemic heart
      disease has been studied. Precise quantitation of the effects of the non
      selective beta-adrenergic blocking drug propranolol (0-15 mg/kg body weight) on
      left ventricular function, segmental wall motion and diastolic pressure-volume
      relationship in man has been performed. High fidelity left ventricular pressure
      measurements and simultaneous single-plane angiograms were recorded and volumes
      calculated by a light-pen computer system. Patients were transvenously atrially
      paced for constancy of heart rate during drug infusion or paced to angina. In
      patients with coronary heart disease paced to angina, logarithmic pressure-volume
      relationship showed change in slope (P greater than 0-05) of the regression line
      and upward shift in intercept b (+0-25; P greater than 0-001). The diastolic
      effects of propranolol may include substantial increases in ventricular volumes
      in those patients with impaired cardiac function. With respect to the intact
      human ventricle, propranolol may increase diastolic volume for a given level of
      ventricular pressure. Thus, in a static sense, the ventricle in these patients
      could be viewed as being more compliant following propranolol administration.
      However, the fact that the length-tension relationship as measured by the slope
      of the logarithmic pressure versus volume plot is unaltered by propranolol,
      suggests that the muscle comprising the ventricle itself exhibits no alteration
      in its passive elastic properties.

PMID- 967773
TI  - Patient acceptability of propranolol and the occurence of side effects.
AB  - The incidence of adverse effects is reported in a group of more than 400 patients
      treated with propranolol between 1964 and 1974. Severe side effects necessitating
      withdrawal of the drug were found in less than 10%; dose-limiting side effects
      were found in less than 15%. Tolerable side effects are studied in detail.
      Pharmacologically based side effects are recorded and ways of minimizing their
      frequency are discussed. The acceptability of propranolol in general terms and
      its advantages are assessed.

PMID- 967774
TI  - Safeguards in the treatment of schizophrenia with propranolol.
AB  - Early results for an uncontrolled study of 555 patients with florid schizophrenia
      suggest that propranolol can be used safely in high dosage, and in a proportion
      of cases it appears to control schizophrenic symptoms. This method of treatment
      is now being submitted to controlled trial. Evdence from this uncontrolled study
      suggests that there was a therapeutic dose range in which symptoms steadily
      improved as a low dose was ineffective and a high dose, particularly if reached
      too rapidly, caused toxic effects. Rapid increases (400-800 mg) in the daily
      total intake when given in divided doses (4 to 10/day) produced gross toxic
      effects that included ataxia with unprotected falls, drop attacks, visual
      hallucinations, and confusional states. Severe toxic effects were uncommon when
      the dose was raised by regular, gradual increments (e.g. by 40-80 mg/day), when
      propranolol was given twice daily, when the dose was held steady as the patient
      started to improve, and when the daily total dose was reduced if the fall in
      pulse rate or blood pressure was excessive, or if there was evidence of toxicity.
      The observation of gradual, progressive improvement was the most valuable
      positive guide to the dose of propranolol. All schizophrenic symptoms remitted,
      at least temporarily, in 26 of 55 patients (in 15 of 17 patients who had been ill
      for less than one year and in 11 of 38 patients who had been ill for longer than
      a year). Patients who then stopped propranolol usually relapsed within hours or
      days.

PMID- 967775
TI  - The British family abroad.

PMID- 967776
TI  - Travellers in distress.

PMID- 967777
TI  - The care of the mountaineer.

PMID- 967778
TI  - The care of athletes on tours abroad.

PMID- 967779
TI  - Port health problems.
AB  - As quarantine control of international travellers dies away, health screening of
      immigrants becomes more important. Port health controls attempt to identify the
      sick immigrant, thereby limiting disease spread among susceptibles and sparking
      early treatment. Port health controls also ease the impact of immigrants arriving
      at destinations by alerting relevant authorities so that they can begin health
      education procedures early, if they wish. Two problems arise: some destination
      authorities make little attempt to trace their immigrants and even those that do
      cannot find more than 70 per cent so notified. For receiving communities the most
      important disease the immigrant may carry or later develop is tuberculosis. In
      the indigenous population the incidence of this disease is decaying exponentially
      but, in communities of recent immigrants, may be stable or even rising. This
      means that in about ten years the great majority of new tuberculosis cases will
      be in recent immigrants, unless better preventive techniques are used. The
      overall trend is likely to be a fall in the number of cases, but the
      disproportion may provoke problems. What can be done? Assuming incoming
      immigrants are typical of their country of origin, many must enter Britain
      mantoux-negative, a fact supported by various destination authorities here which
      have performed testing. So, the logical solution is to ensure that all receive
      BCG vaccination, preferably before they migrate or otherwise as they enter
      Britain, and to ensure their babies born later in Britain also receive the
      protection of BCG vaccination. Consumption of medical services by the travelling
      public increases with the number of travellers and, as more people penetrate
      romantic but unhealthy areas formerly inaccessible, importation of communicable
      disease also increases. Many of these diseases could be prevented by good advice
      but, unfortunately, unfamiliarity blunts the edge of prophylaxis and diagnosis.
      Airport experience indicates that the general practitioner could help his patient
      more, particularly the overlander, by discussing sanitary precautions and
      suggesting anti-malarial drugs and immunization against typhoid and infectious
      hepatitis, when appropriate. Vaccination against smallpox, cholera or yellow
      fever may be obligatory and a valid certificate required; inoculation against
      diphtheria, poliomyelitis or tetanus may be sensible, and against rabies if the
      traveller may come into contact with animals abroad. Although complex queries
      about health hazards abroad should be addressed to such research centres as the
      Ross Institute, I suggest much practical advice can be obtained by phoning
      Heathrow health control 01-759 4361.

PMID- 967780
TI  - Interchondral subluxation or "clicking rib syndrome".
AB  - A case history of the interchondral subluxation syndrome is presented, the
      anatomy as related to the symptoms discussed and the literature of this so-called
      "clicking-rib syndrome" reviewed. Unfortunately, this syndrome is not widely
      recognized but it is hoped that this article will bring it to the attention of
      those most likely to encounter it-the primary-care physician-and so save numerous
      unnecessary investigations and consultations. Once one is aware of its existence,
      the condition is easily diagnosed by careful history and examination alone.

PMID- 967781
TI  - Clubbing of the digits of probable rare traumatic etiology.

PMID- 967782
TI  - Effects of induction on the mother-baby relationship.
AB  - Even though a minority of mothers and babies benefit from the sequence of events
      which starts with induction, continues with active obstetric intervention, and
      culminates with the baby in the intensive care unit, it is questionable whether
      this justifies submitting the majority of women to what many of these mothers
      described as the misery of enforced separation from their infants, and whether we
      should permit modern technological innovations in the culture of childbirth to
      risk interfering with the basic human patterns of attachment between parents and
      their young.

PMID- 967783
TI  - Sarcoma of the bladder in an adult.

PMID- 967784
TI  - Tuberculoid leprosy.
AB  - The clinical features and management of a case of major tuberculoid leprosy
      presenting in the United Kindom are described. The possibility of encountering
      tropical disease in one's practice should be remembered.

PMID- 967785
TI  - Forensic problems in practice VIII.-Sexual offences.
AB  - In general, the examination of alleged sexual offences is a combination of
      perception and experience in history taking and observation, of clinical skill in
      examination and of meticulous retention of material for forensic science
      examination. It is not a task to be undertaken lightly, especially as the
      doctor's actions and opinions may well become the subject of intensive cross
      examination at any later court proceedings. The frequency with which unfounded
      allegations of rape or indecent assault are made by girls makes it all the more
      important to help separate the genuine from the spurious cases and medical
      evidence frequently plays a vital role in this direction.

PMID- 967786
TI  - [Health hazards to the anaesthesist].
AB  - During the past years there has been increasing concern regarding potential
      hazards to the anaesthetist presented by, e.g., anaesthetic agents, exposure to X
      rays, virus hepatitis. Chronic exposure to inhalational anaesthetics, in
      particular, has been held responsible for a variety of complants and disorders.
      Investigations at the Technical University, Munich, have shown no appreciable
      difference in the sick rate between the staff of the Department of Anaesthetics
      and the Department of Medicine. Whereas exposure to X-radiation cannot be
      regarded as a health hazard provided the prescribed safety measures are adhered
      to, virus hepatitis still constitutes a major risk. There is also some evidence
      of an increased incidence of miscarriages amoung the female anaesthetic
      personnel. The causes are unknown. Halothane hepatitis is very rare and does not
      present a major risk.

PMID- 967787
TI  - [Danger of fire and explosion in anaesthetic and surgical departments].
AB  - Corresponding to the fact that flammable anaesthetics are still very seldron in
      use the possibility of fires an explosions has diminished; the frequency of
      accidents caused by flammable colonic gases and by desinficients is about
      unchanged whilst a new kind can and dose occur: Fires and (occassional)
      explosions with "nonflammable" anaesthetic technics. A survey about 16 cases
      (including oxygen-fires) should be of interest for surgeons and intensive-care
      people as well as for anaesthetists.

PMID- 967788
TI  - Hygienic problems in anaesthesia and intensive care therapy.
AB  - Cross infection has become a serious risk to hospitalized patients. Potential
      sources of infection by anaesthetic apparatus and equipment and the danger
      arising from disregard of proper asepsis are discussed. Prophylactic and hygienic
      measures to minimize these hazards are reviewed. Since patients receiving
      intensive therapy are particularly are risk very high hygienic standards are a
      "must" in these units. The need for thoroughly and regularly checking all
      equipment for contamination is emphasized.

PMID- 967789
TI  - [Mild form of malignant hyperthermia? OR, ABNORMAL REACTION To
      succinyldicholine?].
AB  - In addition to two published cases of malignant hyperthermia (M.H.) 13 more cases
      have been observed in this institution since 1971, which are probably early
      reactions of the M.H. type. All 13 patients were children, 3-12 years of age, who
      developed a rigor of the jaw muscles after succinyldicholine and/or halothane
      within minutes after the induction of anesthesia. Further symptoms that could be
      observed regularly were a tachycardia of several hours duration and a marked
      elevation of the serum CPK-activity with a peak after 24 hours. Since the
      anesthesia was terminted immediately and the operations postponed as soon as a
      M.H. reaction was suspected, the rise in body temperature was minimal or absent
      and exceeded in no case 39 degrees C. Several children were operated upon later
      in neuroleptanalgesia (NLA) supplemented by nitrous oxide without any muscle
      relaxants. None of these children developed the aforementioned symptoms rigor,
      techycardia and CPK-elevation. One child had Alloferin in addition to NLA-nitrous
      oxide-anesthesia. This child had postoperatively a tachycardia lasting several
      hours and 24 hours later a serum CPK activity of 1500 U/1. Since this CPK
      activity is higher than in comparable cases (see fig. 1) it is concluded, that
      the nitrous oxide-NLA sequence appears to be safe for patients susceptible to
      M.H. Alloferin however must probably be regarded as a trigger agent for M.H.

PMID- 967790
TI  - [Report on 2 cases of malignant hyperthermia with different clinical courses].
AB  - Two cases of malignant hyperthermia with different clinical courses are reported.
      The patients showed the classical signs of malignant hyperthermia consisting of
      tachycardia, tachypnoea, ocasional peripheral cyanosis, high body temperature as
      well as characteristic rise in serum enzymes. In one of the patients the symptoms
      were recognized early during the operation. The immediate commencement of therapy
      with ice-cooled. Ringer-Lactate-Solution, Procainmedication, Corticoids as well
      as physical body cooling favourably influenced the clinical course and the
      patient survived. In both cases the patients underwent succinylcholine and
      halothane anaesthesia, but the symptoms of the second patient appeared after the
      reduction of anaesthesia. In spite of vigorous therapy the hyperpyrexia resulted
      in heart arrest and death. Morphologically, both patients showed signs of
      preexistent myopathy with volumetric alterations of the muscle fibres,
      centralisation of the nuclei and acute muscle fibre necrosis. On the basis of the
      observed variable course, the various symptom complexes reported in the
      literature to data are  reviewed. A detailed discussion of the "carrier problem"
      and the available treatment possibilities is also made. Realising that malignant
      hyperthermia is an inheritable disease, prophylactic measures such as, f.i. the
      issue of medical certificates to the patient and his relatives are suggested.

PMID- 967791
TI  - [Halothane-intoxication by failure of the halothane-vaporizer].
AB  - Regular  measurement of the Halothane-concentration delivered by the output of
      the vaporizer is necessary to avoid a clinically dangerous situation due to
      Halothane-overdosage.

PMID- 967792
TI  - [Influence of methemoglobin in the measurement of oxygen consumption of the whole
      blood using an AO-oximeter].

PMID- 967793
TI  - [Anti-G-suit-a facility of Neuroanaesthesia at operations in the sitting
      position].
AB  - The Anti-G-Suit- an over-all-air-pressure-garment over legs and bowel up to the
      xiphoid is proposed as a successful method to encounter acute postural decrease
      of blood pressure in neurosurgical patients. Increase of peripheral resistance
      and displacement of the circulating blood volume above the diaphragm enhance
      blood pressure which has fallen by the depressive effect on the vasomotor centre
      and the negative inotrope effect of narcotics.

PMID- 967794
TI  - [Treatment of alkyl phosphate poisoning with purified serum cholinesterase
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A 26-years-old man injected himself intramuscularly with 3.75 gram of demeton
      methyl in an attempt to commit suicide. After 36 hours severe symptoms of
      poisoning developed with loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest. As
      symptomatic treatment failed to improve his condition has given injections of
      purified serum cholinesterase. This was followed by a rise in the cholin esterase
      levels and the increased activity was accompanied by a rapid and definite
      improvement in the clinical findings. The results clearly indicate the usefulness
      of this method of treatment. Transfusions of fresh blood to counteract the cholin
      esterase deficiency are inadvisable because of the risks of complications.
      Substitution therapy with serum cholinesterase must be accompanied by
      administration of large doses of atropine.

PMID- 967795
TI  - [Artificial respiration for the postoperative care after major surgery (author's
      transl)].
AB  - An analysis was made of the postoperative course of 158 cases of major surgery
      performed during 1971-1973. The operations comprised thoraco-abdominal resection
      of the oesophageal and cardia, abdominal duodenopancreatectomy, partial
      gastrectomy and enterectomy and partial hepatectomy. 63 per cent of the patients
      were given artificial respiration either prophylactically immediately after the
      operation (47 per cent) or at a later stage (53 per cent) on account of
      respiratory complications (arterial hypoxia below 55 mm Hg pO2). Postoperative
      mortality for the group of patients who did not have artificial respiration was
      46 per cent, as compared with 32 per cent for the artifically ventilated patients
      - a difference of 14 per cent. The causes for this discrepancy, and especially
      the role of non-respiratory complications are discussed and the indications for
      prophylactic postoperative artificial respiration are reviewed.

PMID- 967796
TI  - [The influence of enflurane on the haemodynamics in the pulmonary vasculary
      system (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of enflurane on the haemodynamics of the main and pulmonary
      vasculary system was studied in young healthy patients. The results showed no
      influence in heart frequency and mean arterial pressure, a slight fall in certain
      output and a significant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. There is
      no certain explanation for the pathophysiological mechanism in pulmonary
      vasculary system caused by enflurane. According to our opinion these results are
      to discuss as a cause of a decrease of left ventricular work and a regulative
      vasoconstriction in the pulmonary vasculary system.

PMID- 967797
TI  - [Catheterization of the vena cava superior via the internal jugular vein
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A method is described of introducing a catheter into the vena cava superior via
      the internal jugular vein. Possible complications and the experience gained with
      the method in 260 cases are discussed.

PMID- 967798
TI  - [Verifying right position of central venous catheters by intracardial ecg
      derivation (author's transl)].
AB  - It is reported on the electrocardiographical method for the location of the
      position of central-venous catheter. The advantages of this method compared to
      the usual radiological method: immediate correction is possible no additional
      apparat is needed.

PMID- 967799
TI  - [Dopamin-therapy for acute postoperative renal failure (author's transl)].
AB  - In 10 out 14 patients with acute postoperative renal failure the administration
      of a dopamin-drip (175-350 mcg/min) resulted in an increase in urinary output
      more than 30 ml/h. But there was no decrease of the high lethality by
      postoperative renal failure.

PMID- 967800
TI  - [Abdominal and cremaster reflexes after trauma-induced brain death (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The case is reported of a 42-years-old man who was admitted to hospital with a
      head trauma following a fall and died 12 hours later. Although irreversible loss
      of cerebral function had been established neurologically,
      electoencephalographically, angiographically (carotid and vertebral angiography)
      and scintigraphically abdominal and cremaster reflexes could still be elicited.
      The neurophysiological conditions for the reappearance of these reflexes are
      discussed.

PMID- 967801
TI  - [Neurological damage after heart arrest due to vomiting during the beginning of
      anesthesia].

PMID- 967802
TI  - [The datascope M/D 2].

PMID- 967803
TI  - [Calculating unit, an important additional device for the servo-ventilator].

PMID- 967804
TI  - [Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of burns-induced
      shock lung (authors transl)].
AB  - A case of third-degree burns involving 35 per cent of the body surface is
      reported with occurred in a 28-year-old man. On the 6th day progressive pulmonary
      insufficiency developed which 3 days later necessitated extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation. Oxygen diffusion capacity gradually improved and the patients
      resumed spontaneous respiration with oxygen enriched air. He died 5 days after
      membrane oxygenation was discontinued due to massive haemorrhages from an
      infection at the site of the femoral by-pass. The technique adopted for the
      perfusion, which lasted 83 hours, is described.

PMID- 967805
TI  - [Pneumonology and bronchology today (author's transl)].

PMID- 967806
TI  - [Ventilation and arterialization during muscular exertion (author's transl)].

PMID- 967807
TI  - [Aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of lung echinococcus disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 967808
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients with non-tuberculous lung disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 967809
TI  - [Scanning of the lung (author's transl)].

PMID- 967810
TI  - [Bullous Emphysema (author's transl)].

PMID- 967811
TI  - [Late sequels of traumatic pleural effusions (author's transl)].

PMID- 967812
TI  - [Clearance of Hydrast from airways and its stimulation by terbutaline (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 967813
TI  - [The effect of prostaglandin E1 on the epithelium of trachea and large
      bronchioles of guinea-pigs (author's transl)].

PMID- 967814
TI  - [Air pollution and the incidence of chronic non-tuberculous respiratory disorders
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 967815
TI  - [Migrating xanthogranuloma of the lung (author's transl)].

PMID- 967816
TI  - [Avian-type mycobacteria in the droppings of wild birds and of birds kept in zoos
      and wild life parks (author's transl)].

PMID- 967817
TI  - [Allergic chest diseases in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 967818
TI  - [Sarcoidosis in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 967819
TI  - [Bronchiectatic disease in childhood and adolescence (author's transl)].

PMID- 967820
TI  - [Haematological effects of isoprodian (author's transl)].

PMID- 967821
TI  - [Haemoglobin levels during prolonged treatment with isoprodian, a combination of
      isoniazid, prothionamide and diaphenylsulphone (author's transl)].

PMID- 967822
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of unspecific inflammatory lung disorders in childhood
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 967823
TI  - [Geomedical problems in pulmonary diseases in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 967824
TI  - [Pathology and pathogenesis of mucoviscidosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 967825
TI  - [Mucoviscidosis; clinical features and treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 967826
TI  - [Lung function during growth (author's transl)].

PMID- 967827
TI  - [The so-called decapitated form of Wegener's granulomatosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 967828
TI  - [Chylothorax (author's transl)].

PMID- 967829
TI  - [Treatment of severe open cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis with a combination of
      rifampicin and isoprodian (author's transl)].

PMID- 967830
TI  - Forum: preventive dentistry.

PMID- 967831
TI  - The role of the physician in the prevention of periodontal disease.

PMID- 967832
TI  - The medical-dental interface in preventive dentistry.

PMID- 967833
TI  - The pre-hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction and sudden death. I.
      Prodromata of acute coronary events.

PMID- 967834
TI  - Response by a low income population to a multiphasic screening program: a
      sociological analysis.

PMID- 967835
TI  - Road traffic mortality in Victoria: an exploratory investigation into successful
      strategies.

PMID- 967836
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol in beef production: what is the risk to consumers?

PMID- 967837
TI  - [Use of transfusion media for treatment of children with traumatic shock].

PMID- 967838
TI  - [Changes in the blood proteolytic activity of patients with acute burn toxemia].

PMID- 967839
TI  - [Changes in several plasma protein indices in dogs with acute blood loss after
      blood replacement with polyglucin and rheopolyglucin].

PMID- 967840
TI  - [Obtaining dry gelatinol and a study of its properties].

PMID- 967841
TI  - [Ways of increasing the effectiveness and accelerating the rate of scientific
      research in the area of traumatic shock and blood loss].

PMID- 967842
TI  - [Role of the liver in metabolizing higher fatty acids following their intraportal
      administration].

PMID- 967843
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of packed red cells and whole blood prepared with
      different blood preservatives].

PMID- 967844
TI  - [Morphologic and biochemical composition of the peripheral blood of donors with
      hepatitis B antibodies following repeated plasmapheresis].

PMID- 967845
TI  - [Infusion therapy at the pre-hospital stage by the resuscitation team of an
      emergency first aid squad].

PMID- 967846
TI  - [Treatment of complications in a patient with acute renal failure].

PMID- 967847
TI  - [Expediency of eliminating levomycetin from solutions for blood preservation].

PMID- 967848
TI  - [Relationship between tuberculosis of farm animals and man].

PMID- 967849
TI  - [Side effects of antitubercular agents and current methods of detection of drug
      allergy in chemotherapy of tuberculosis].

PMID- 967850
TI  - [Leukocyte agglomeration reaction in the diagnosis of side effects of
      antitubercular agents].

PMID- 967851
TI  - [Results of the use of rifampicin and ethambutol in complex treatment of chronic
      destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 967852
TI  - [Biochemical comparisons in tuberculomas and infiltrative pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 967853
TI  - [Effect of intravenous therapy on blood circulation in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis in the preoperative period].

PMID- 967854
TI  - [Adrenal cortex function at different stages of surgical intervention in
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 967855
TI  - [Certain indicators of specific and nonspecific immunologic reactivity of the
      body in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 967856
TI  - [Isoniazid metabolism and the indicators of bioelectric activity of the brain in
      patients with tuberculosis during treatment with increased doses of isoniazid].

PMID- 967857
TI  - [Work capacity evaluation and employment of invalids disabled as a result of
      silicotuberculosis].

PMID- 967858
TI  - [Effect of inactivation of drugs of the HINA and PAS group on the effectiveness
      of antibacterial therapy in renal tuberculosis].

PMID- 967859
TI  - [Role of blood proteins in binding and inactivation of HINA].

PMID- 967860
TI  - [Importance of serological studies in differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and
      protracted pneumonia in persons with residual tuberculous changes in the lungs].

PMID- 967861
TI  - [Allergic reactions of leukocytes in diagnosis of silicotuberculosis].

PMID- 967862
TI  - [Effectiveness of alternating treatment of tuberculosis (experimental studies)].

PMID- 967863
TI  - [Bacteriostatic activity of blood in pulmonary tuberculosis after administration
      of different drug combinations].

PMID- 967864
TI  - [Effectiveness of surgical treatment of restricted destructive forms of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 967865
TI  - A sintered fiber metal skeletal endoprosthesis for segmental replacement of long
      bones.

PMID- 967866
TI  - Distribution of acid phosphatase activity in hydantoin induced hyperplastic,
      healthy and inflamed human gingiva.

PMID- 967867
TI  - Rehardening of acid-etched enamel.

PMID- 967868
TI  - Technical comparison between two pulp vitality testers.

PMID- 967869
TI  - Formation of multiple supernumerary teeth in early teenage. A case report.

PMID- 967870
TI  - [Juvenile periodontitis. Report of a case (author's transl)].

PMID- 967871
TI  - Anticancer agents-XII. Pyridazine and benzodiazine derivatives.

PMID- 967872
TI  - Anticancer agents--XI. Antitumour activity of 4-amino-7-nitrobenzofuroxans and
      related compounds.

PMID- 967873
TI  - The effects of ozone on the respiratory epithelium and alveolar macrophages of
      mice. I. Interferon production.
AB  - The effects of 0.8 ppm ozone on the capacity of the tracheal epithelium and
      alveolar macrophages of mice to produce interferon in vitro was studied. Exposure
      of mice to ozone for a period of 11 days or more affected the capacity of the
      tracheal epithelial cells in vitro to produce interferon. The inability of the
      tracheal epithelium in vitro to produce interferon was not due to the inhibition
      in the release of intracellular interferon but to an inhibition in the production
      of interferon. There was a complete recovery of the ability of tracheal
      epithelium to respond to interferon inducers after the mice were returned to
      ambient air 24 days post ozone exposure. However, ozone did not seem to have any
      affect on the capacity of the alveolar macrophages to produce interferon in
      vitro.

PMID- 967874
TI  - Endotoxin-stimulated spleen cells: dissociation between DNA synthesis and IgM
      production at the cellular level.
AB  - LPS stimulation of mouse spleen cells in the presence of Hu resulted in almost
      total suppression of [3H]thymidine incorporation without affecting the percentage
      of cells induced to produce IgM. Utilizing a method which permitted the
      simultaneous measurement of IgM production and [3H]thymidine incorporation in
      individual cells, it was demonstrated directly that LPS stimulation of IgM
      production can occur in the absence of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 967875
TI  - Kinetics of immunoglobulin transport into canine bronchial secretions.
AB  - Radiolabeled 125I Preparations of canine IgG, IgM, and F(ab')2 fragments of IgG
      were injected intramuscularly into normal dogs to quantitate the transfer of
      immunoglobulins from the intravascular space into the lower respiratory tract and
      to observe the clearance of these proteins from lung secretions. Respiratory
      fluids were sampled by serial broncho-alveolar lavages during a 3-4 week
      interval. Only a small portion (0.15%) of the passively administered IgG was
      recovered in respiratory specimens indicating that minimal transfer of humoral
      IgG occurs under normal conditions. Alteration of the IgG molecule by removal of
      the Fc portion almost eliminates its penetration into lung secretions.
      Furthermore, IgM, which is not a prominent component of normal lung secretions,
      is not detected in these secretions following passive intramuscular injection.

PMID- 967876
TI  - Studies on the blood clotting and fibrinolytic system in the plasma from a sei
      (baleen) whale.
AB  - Blood clotting and fibrinolytic systems were studied in the plasma of a sei whale
      (Balaenoptera borealis). The sei whale belongs to the suborder baleen whales of
      the order Cetacea. Whale plasma had a greatly prolonged kaolin-activated partial
      thromboplastin time and was deficient in Hageman factor (factor XII), Fletcher
      factor (a plasma prekallikrein), and PTA (factor XI). All other clotting factor
      activities were present in amounts comparable to that of normal human plasma.
      Whale plasminogen was activated by human urokinase, but not by streptokinase.
      Whale plasma contained inhibitory activities against thrombin, activated Stuart
      factor, activated PTA, activated Fletcher factor, and plasmin.

PMID- 967877
TI  - Carrier-determined suppression of anti-fluorescein antibody in the rabbit.

PMID- 967878
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a major basic protein from rat
      eosinophil granules.
AB  - The rat eosinophil granule possesses a major basic protein (MBP) similar to that
      previously isolated from human and guinea pig eosinophils. This conclusion is
      based on demonstration that the major protein of the rat eosinophil granule is a
      low molecular weight, highly basic material with an amino acid composition
      similar to that of the human and guinea pig MBP.

PMID- 967879
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for serum calcitonin in the rat.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for serum calcitonin in the rat is described. Materials for
      assay of human calcitonin are employed. The sensitivity of the assay is 3 pg and
      corresponds to a lower limit of detection of 60 pg/ml for peripheral serum. The
      normal range is up to 650 pg/ml in rats weighing between 125 and 200 g. Serum
      calcitonin is not detectable in thyroparathyroidectomized animals. It increases
      and varies directly with the serum calcium after intraperitoneal administration
      of the ion. Values for serum calcitonin in male and female rats are comparable
      under basal conditions and after calcium. The radioimmunoassay should allow the
      further characterization of calcitonin secretion in response to physiologic and
      pathophysiologic stimuli in this species.

PMID- 967880
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione concentration in genetically
      dystrophic mice.
AB  - The present studies were conducted to determine whether inherited muscular
      dystrophy in the 129/ReJ-dy mouse was associated with differences in specific
      activity, substrate availability, or apparent Km of glutathione peroxidase. The
      results indicate that glutathione peroxidase is elevated in skeletal muscle of
      mice with genetic muscular dystrophy when the activity is expressed on a protein
      basis. This elevation precedes the development of severe paralysis since muscles
      from the fore legs showed increased enzyme activity as early as the more severely
      affected hind legs. There was no difference in glutathione peroxidase activity in
      tissues other than skeletal muscle. GSH concentration was elevated in muscle and
      normal in other tissues of dystrophic mice, showing that adequate substrate was
      available to the enzyme. The apparent Km for cumene hydroperoxide was also
      similar for muscle of normal and dystrophic mice. This report provides further
      evidence that mice with dystrophia muscularis have a functional glutathione
      peroxidase system in all tissues including skeletal muscle, and that a defect in
      this in vivo protective system is apparently not a contributing factor in the
      pathology of the disease.

PMID- 967882
TI  - Effects of glucose or insulin on myocardial performance in endotoxin shock.
AB  - Past studies reported by this laboratory have documented myocardial dysfunction
      and progressively developing hypoglycemia in canine endotoxin shock. The purpose
      of the present study was to determine the effects of glucose concentrations and
      insulin infusions on myocardial performance following endotoxin administration.
      Experiments were carried out on isolated, working canine left ventricular heart
      preparations exchanging blood with intact dogs. Myocardial function was evaluated
      following endotoxin and correlated with concentrations of glucose and effects of
      insulin infusion. Cardiac dysfunction occurred within 2-4 hr postendotoxin and
      the degree of malfunction was not related to arterial blood glucose
      concentrations. Maintaining blood glucose at control, preshock, levels by
      infusion of 50% glucose did not prevent myocardial dysfunction as evidenced by
      elevations of left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and depressed power.
      Infusions of insulin reversed cardiac failure and maintained normal performance
      in spite of wide ranges in glucose concentration (5-120 mg%). Findings suggest
      that myocardial dysfunction is not precipitated or enhanced by the hypoglycemia
      of endotoxin shock. The beneficial actions of infused insulin on cardiac
      performance appear to be elicited on the basis of mechanisms other than
      myocardial glucose transport.

PMID- 967881
TI  - Seroepidemiologic investigations of human hepatitis caused by A, B, and a
      possible third virus.
AB  - Seroepidemiologic studies were made of normal subjects in populations in the
      United States and Costa Rica and in family outbreaks of hepatitis in Costa Rica.
      Hepatitis A affected a majority of children of very young age in Costa Rica,
      while such experience in persons of high socioeconomic status in the United
      States did not occur before middle life. Persons of low socioeconomic status
      (paid plasma donors) and residents and attendants of institutions for the
      mentally retarded showed a far greater incidence of hepatitis A antibody than did
      their counterparts in the open community. Hepatitis A and B epidemics occurred in
      families in Costa Rica with rapid spread to other susceptible members of the
      group. The disease was clinically apparent in roughly half the cases, whether the
      responsible agent be hepatitis A or B. Five cases of nonhepatitis A or B
      (hypothetical hepatitis C) were found and all but one of them were subclinical.

PMID- 967883
TI  - Plasma glucagon after total resection of the pancreas in man.
AB  - Serial measurements of plasma "true glucagon" (PG) and of glucagon-like
      immunoreactive materials (GLI) were carried out during and after total resection
      of the pancreas in a 62-year-old man with calcified pancreatitis. The
      postoperative course of this patient was uneventful and diabetes was well
      controlled. PG disappeared from the blood within 30 min after resection of the
      pancreas. In spite of the evidence that no pancreatic tissue was present in the
      abdomen, PG was detected again in the blood from 18 hr after total pancreatectomy
      until the ninth postoperative day. However, plasma PG did not rise following
      infusion of arginine during the fourteenth postoperative week. After an initial
      decrease, plasma GLI rose abruptly on the second postoperative day and remained
      elevated thereafter. The fluctuations of plasma PG and GLI were not parallel.

PMID- 967884
TI  - Effect of skin or muscle incisions or the loss of blood on serum leucogenenol
      level.
AB  - It has been found that damage to a tissue of a rabbit or a rat, such as results
      from a skin incision or an incision through the skin and muscles into the
      abdominal cavity, is followed 24 hr later by a significant increase in the
      concentration of leucogenenol in the animal's serum. Likewise, loss of
      approximately one-quarter to one-half of the blood in the circulation of rabbits
      or rats causes an increase 24 hr later in the animals' serum leucogenenol
      concentration.

PMID- 967885
TI  - Inhibition by salmon calcitonin (SCT) of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)
      induced hypertension in the rat.

PMID- 967886
TI  - Role of the renin-angiotensin system in dogs with perinephritis hypertension.
AB  - Cellophane perinephritis hypertension was produced in four dogs, while five
      additional dogs served as normotensive controls. A competitive antagonist of
      angiotensin II, 1-sarcosine-8-alanine angiotensin II, was infused iv into these
      conscious dogs at a rate of 6 mug/min/kg of body weight for 45 min. Arterial
      pressure averaged 170 +/- 11 (SEM) mm Hg in the dogs with perinephritic
      hypertension, and was not altered significantly during infusion of the
      angiotensin antagonist. In the normal dogs the arterial pressure averaged 100 +/-
      10 mm Hg and likewise, did not change during administration of the angiotensin
      analog. Plasma renin activity values were essentially the same in these two
      groups of dogs and did not change during infusion of the angiotensin antagonist.
      These studies provide strong evidence that the renin-angiotensin system is not
      involved in maintaining the elevated arterial pressure in dogs with chronic
      hypertension produced by cellophane perinephritis.

PMID- 967887
TI  - Direct stimulation of renin release by calcium.
AB  - Calcium directly stimulates renin release from rat kidney slices previously
      treated with calcium-free medium. The stimulant effect of calcium (0.5 or 6.0 mM)
      is not seen without the period of calcium depletion. The stimulant effect of
      calcium is still present in sodium-free medium but is reduced when the incubation
      is performed at 20 degrees instead of 37 degrees. The results suggest that the
      underlying mechanism of renin release may be comparable to that of catecholamine
      release, involving calcium-dependent and energy-dependent steps.

PMID- 967888
TI  - Impaired hepatic heme synthesis in the phenobarbital-stimulated selenium
      deficient rat.

PMID- 967889
TI  - Effect of leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) on zinc absorption in the rat.
AB  - Leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) was shown to produce a significant increase
      in the intestinal absorption of zinc within 7 hr after its administration to
      normal rats. Consistent with earlier studies, LEM also produced a significant
      decrease in the plasma zinc concentration and an increased hepatic uptake of this
      metal which further demonstrates that LEM may be a key intermediate in altering
      zinc homeostasis during inflammation.

PMID- 967890
TI  - Immunogenic properties of a nonproducer malignant tumor induced by murine sarcoma
      virus.
AB  - A cloned cell line H-11 (HP) derived from an MSV-induced neoplasm (a
      hemangiosarcoma) was found to possess virus-specific tumor rejection antigen(s).
      The specific nature of the immune response was established through the use of a
      polyoma virus-induced neoplasm no. 89 both in cross immunization and cross
      challenge experiments. Virus antigens or surface antigens associated with virus
      production are not responsible for tumor rejection since virus production could
      not be detected, nor were any viral fingerprints of MSV found by the several
      assays used.

PMID- 967891
TI  - Kinetics of the rapid action of interferon.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to examine some factors which lead to early
      appearing resistance in human cells treated with interferon. It was previously
      shown that two conditions required for rapid development of resistance were
      continuous maintenance of cultures at 37 degrees and use of more than 10 units/ml
      of interferon. The decay kinetics of the established resistance appear to be
      approximately the same whether the resistance was induced under conditions
      favoring rapid or slow development. With the use of actinomycin D it was shown
      that the mRNA for the antiviral protein is produced between 30 and 45 min after
      the first contact with interferon. Ruled out were the possibilities that a
      priming action of interferon and a newly synthesized intermediary protein were
      necessary for rapid development of resistance.

PMID- 967892
TI  - Spontaneous development of gluconeogenesis in fetal rat livers during incubation
      in organ culture.
AB  - Freshly isolated fetal liver explants in organ culture did not convert L
      [14C]alanine or L-[14C]lactate to carbohydrate, but L-[14C]serine and D
      [14C]glycerol were both transformed. When explants were subjected to 42 hr of
      preliminary incubation without supplements, followed by transfer to fresh medium
      with added precursor, all four substrates underwent gluconeogenic transformation.
      It was concluded that the ability of fetal rat liver in organ culture to convert
      alanine and lactate to carbohydrate evolves slowly, but the conversion of
      glycerol, and to a lesser extent serine, to glucose and glycogen is initiated
      immediately.

PMID- 967893
TI  - Environmental effects on glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in rat liver.
AB  - The dietary and hormonal regulation of the level of glutathione-insulin
      tranhydrogenase in rat liver was investigated in these studies. In order to make
      valid comparisons, the assay of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase was
      performed at near zero-order kinetics wherein enzyme rate was proportional to
      enzyme amount. Changing the protein content of the diet or administration of
      glucagon or cortisone did not significantly affect the specific activity of
      glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in microsomes from rat liver. However, the
      Vmax and Km of this enzyme in the livers of adrenalectomized rats were increased
      three-and fourfold over these values in microsomes from normal liver.
      Administration of cortisone resulted in a return to the normal kinetic constants
      of microsomal GIT within 4 hr.

PMID- 967894
TI  - Developmental studies on glucosamine metabolism.
AB  - Changes in hepatic hexosamine metabolism and serum seromucoid concentrations
      during postnatal development were investigated in the rat. A relatively low
      activity of hepatic L-glutamine: D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (AT) was
      observed within 24 hr of birth. This rapidly increased to a maximum at about 2
      weeks of age, followed by a decline to adult levels after another 2 weeks. The
      developmental pattern of hepatic UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2'-epimerase (EP)
      closely resembled that of AT. It was relatively low in the newborn, increased to
      a maximum at about 2 weeks and then declined to adult values after another 2
      weeks. The serum seromucoid concentration was low in the new born rats and then
      increased gradually with development to adult levels at about 50 days. The
      hepatic concentrations of UDP-GlcNAC and CMP-NANA both were relatively high at 24
      hr after birth compared to values observed at 50 days. The developmental pattern
      observed for both over this time period was quite similar and was almost the
      reciprocal to that for the seromucoid fraction. After 50 days the concentration
      of UDP-GlcNAc remained constant at adult levels as did that of the seromucoid
      fraction, but the concentration of CMP-NANA showed a marked increase. It is
      suggested that the hepatic concentrations of these amino-sugar nucleotides during
      development primarily reflect the demand for the hepatic synthesis and secretion
      of plasma glycoproteins as reflected in the seromucoid fraction.

PMID- 967895
TI  - The sulfhydryl group of monellin: its chemical reactivity and importance to the
      sweet taste.
AB  - The presence of a single cysteine in the sweet-tasting protein monellin was
      confirmed by titrations with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PHMB) and 5,5'-dithiobis(2
      nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). The sulfhydryl group in native monellin reacts very
      slowly with each of these reagents, indicating that the sulfhydryl is relatively
      inaccessible. In the presence of either 6 M guanidine-HCl, 8 M urea, or 1% sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, the rate of reaction of the sulfhydryl group with titrant is
      dramatically increased. Under a variety of conditions, the presence of 1 mole of
      sulfhydryl per mole of protein (of molecular weight 10,700) was found. Reaction
      of the sulfhydryl by titration with PHMB or DTNB leads to loss of sweetness. The
      free sulfhydryl is also lost by carboxymethylation of monellin in the presence of
      guanidine-HCl, yielding a protein that is not sweet. Exposure to air in the
      presence of denaturant leads to a decrease in the sweetness of monellin.
      Sweetness of the PHMB-reacted monellin can be recovered upon treatment of the
      protein with mercaptoethanol, and the partial loss of sweetness that occurs with
      air exposure is lessened in the presence of mercaptoethanol. It is postulated
      that alteration of the single sulfhydryl group of monellin leads to a change in
      the tertiary structure of the protein and hence its sweet taste.

PMID- 967896
TI  - Effects of penicillin G and cephalothin on platelet function in vivo.

PMID- 967897
TI  - Effect of tryptophan and its metabolites on gastric emptying of liquid meals in
      dogs.
AB  - The effects of tryptophan and its metabolites were studied to determine whether
      the known inhibiting effect of tryptophan on emptying was due to local or
      systemic effects or due to tryptophan metabolites. In five dogs with chronic
      gastric fistulas, instillation of 300 ml of DL-kynurenine (5mM), 5
      hydroxytryptophan (mM), or 5-hydroxytryptamine (20 mM) into the gut did not slow
      gastric emptying. Furthermore, iv infusion of L-tryptophan (5, 20, 50 mM), DL
      kynurenine (2, 5, 10 mM), 5-hydroxytryptamine (2mM, 10 mM), and 3-indolepyruvic
      acid (2, 5, 10 mM) also did not slow gastric emptying. These studies indicate
      that tryptophan slows gastric emptying by exciting a receptor in the gut and not
      by a direct effect on the stomach or brain or via its major metabolites.

PMID- 967898
TI  - Contribution of luminal concentration of nutrients and osmolality to postprandial
      intestinal hyperemia in dogs.
AB  - Intestinal blood flow is increased during digestion. This study assesses if the
      concentration of nutrients and/or osmolality of chyme in the intestinal lumen are
      factors determining the hyperemia. Six digested food mixtures containing
      different concentrations of nutrients and/or having different osmolalities were
      placed into the jejunal lumen, and their effects on local venous outflow
      compared. The 100% (999 mOsm/kg), 33% (291 mOsm/kg), and 20% (183 mOsm/kg) food
      mixtures all increased flow, but the 10% food mixture (94 mOsm/kg) did not. The
      hyperemic effect of 33 and 20% food was similar, but 100% food produced a greater
      increase in flow than did 33 or 20% food. Luminal placement of a 30% solution of
      a nonabsorbable substance polyethylene glycol (1000 mOsm/kg) did not alter flow.
      Also, the vascular effects of 20 or 10% food mixtures were not altered when these
      mixtures were made isotonic by the addition of NaCl. These studies indicate that
      lumen osmolality, within a range of 180 to 1000 mOsm/kg, is not a significant
      factor contributing to the local hyperemia occurring when nutrients are in the
      gut lumen. However, the concentration of nutrients in the lumen is a factor
      determining the local hyperemia.

PMID- 967899
TI  - The contribution of the distal gastrointestinal tract to glucagon-like
      immunoreactivity secretion in the rat.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay of acid ethanol extracts of the rat intestinal tract showed the
      presence of glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) from the duodenum to the colon
      with maximal concentrations in the ileum and colon. Twenty percent glucose
      instilled in the duodenum at a dose of 2g/kg body weight stimulated a twofold
      increase in peripheral plasma GLI concentration. When the instilled glucose load
      was restricted to only the duodenum and jejunum, or to only the ileum and colon,
      the increase in peripheral plasma GLI was approximately half that seen when the
      entire gut was exposed to the glucose. It is concluded that the distal gut as
      well as the proximal gut releases GLI in the rat.

PMID- 967900
TI  - A study of taste and smell of heavy water (99.8%) in rats.
AB  - Restricted to heavy water (99.8%), rats drank it freely for the first day, then
      they drank progressively less and died within 14 days. When given a choice
      between distilled water and heavy water (99.8%) rats avoided heavy water partly
      by virtue of some deleterious effects of heavy water and partly by virtue of a
      faint smell of heavy water with which the untoward effects could be associated.
      Rats did not taste heavy water. Whether a higher viscosity of heavy water plays
      any part could not be determined. Apparently the low intensity of any untoward
      effects of heavy water and the faintness of its smell could explain the erratic
      variability of the reactions of rats to heavy water that put it in a different
      category from other substances tested so far.

PMID- 967901
TI  - Palmitate incorporation in the lungs of dogs with granulomatous disease.
AB  - Moderate hypoxia did not influence the pulmonary incorporation of an intravenous
      dose of [1-14C]palmitate either in dogs with experimentally produced
      granulomatous disease or in normal controls. The lung weight in the diseased
      animals, was, on the average, double that of the controls. There was a
      proportionate increase in uptake of the radioactive label at 1 hr after infusion
      in the diseased lungs, hence the specific activity of labeled palmitate (counts
      per minute per gram of phospholipid) was no different in the two groups.
      Moreover, half the radioactivity of the phospholipids was recovered in palmitate
      separated from the phosphatidyl choline fraction in both diseased and normal
      lungs. Anatomic studies demonstrated increased numbers of Type II pneumocytes
      lining all alveolar air spaces in the diseased lung. Autoradiographic studies
      indicated the presence of labeled palmitate in the Type II cells, but not in the
      inflammatory cells of the granulomata. We conclude that the increased palmitate
      uptake in this disease is accounted for by the metabolic activity of the Type II
      pneumocytes.

PMID- 967902
TI  - [Correction of the fusion point of suppositories with semi-synthetic excipients].

PMID- 967903
TI  - Medicinal applications of 2- and 3-substituted pyrrolidines.

PMID- 967904
TI  - The potency and phytochemistry of Indian squill soft extract.

PMID- 967905
TI  - Influence of ageing of suppositories on rectal absorption of paracetamol.

PMID- 967906
TI  - [Opium alkaloids in the urine of morphine addicts].

PMID- 967907
TI  - Compressional properties of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium-phosphato
      carbonate complex.

PMID- 967908
TI  - [Quantitative determination of cineol in eucalyptus oil as cineol-iron
      thiocyanate-complex].

PMID- 967909
TI  - The production of spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus with constant resistance
      to heat and their use as biological indicators during the development of aqueous
      solutions for injection.

PMID- 967910
TI  - [Tablets. XVII. Effect of pressure on the liberation in vitro of sodium
      salicylate from prolonged-action tablets].

PMID- 967911
TI  - [Chemotaxonomy of Genista hystrix Lange. 31. Leguminous alkaloids].

PMID- 967912
TI  - Pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic principles in the formulation of a sustained
      release procainamide tablet.

PMID- 967913
TI  - Some aspects of the role of Pityrosporum ovale in dandruff.

PMID- 967914
TI  - [In vitro liberation of lithium sulfate incorporated into a hydrophilic matrix].

PMID- 967915
TI  - [Coupling reaction of estradiol with diazotized sulfanilic acid].

PMID- 967916
TI  - Isolation and identification by mass spectrometry of metaboltes of bupivacaine.

PMID- 967917
TI  - [Determination of the energy of aggregation of diluants used for direct
      compression].

PMID- 967918
TI  - [Carbon 13 NMR spectroscopy].

PMID- 967919
TI  - [Chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 967920
TI  - [Coulometry and coulometric titrations].

PMID- 967921
TI  - [Polymethine in pharmacy].

PMID- 967922
TI  - Energy-selective reconstructions in X-ray computerized tomography.
AB  - All X-ray computerized tomography systems that are available or proposed base
      their reconstructions on measurements that integrate over energy. X-ray tubes
      produce a broad spectrum of photon energies and a great deal of information can
      be derived by measuring changes in the transmitted spectrum. We show that for any
      material, complete energy spectral information may be summarized by a few
      constants which are independent of energy. A technique is presented which uses
      simple, low-resolution, energy spectrum measurements and conventional
      computerized tomography techniques to calculate these constants at every point
      within a cross-section of an object. For comparable accuracy, patient dose is
      shown to be approximately the same as that produced by conventional systems.
      Possible uses of energy spectral information for diagnosis are presented.

PMID- 967923
TI  - A technique for measuring the variation of photon spectrum from X-ray generators
      over the mains voltage cycle.
AB  - The variation in current and accelerating voltage across an X-ray tube, that
      occurs over the mains voltage waveform cycle, produces changes in photon flux and
      spectrum shape. A knowledge of these changes is required to provide an
      understanding of the parameters affecting X-ray output. Variation in the photon
      flux will cause distortion of a measured 'mean' spectrum if the dead time of the
      spectrometry system employed varies over the waveform cycle. A system has been
      developed that enables the spectrometer to be synchronized to the mains voltage
      cycle so that variations in photon flux and the instantaneous spectra at selected
      parts of this cycle can be measured. The variation in photon flux is dependent
      upon the type of power supplies (both high and low tension). the tube current and
      the degree of filtration employed. Examples are given of the ripple of photon
      output due to the voltage and current ripple for a nominally constant potential
      generator and a half-wave rectified type. The way in which they interact to
      produce the measured variation is shown.

PMID- 967924
TI  - Saturation corrections for plane-parallel ionization chambers.
AB  - Experiments described in the literature lead to different formulae for saturation
      corrections in ionization chambers. To elucidate the differences, saturation
      curves of an extrapolation chamber irradiated with beta particles from 90Sr+90Y
      sources have been studied experimentally. The results could be described by one
      formula which was a combination of known formulae for charge collection losses
      due to volume recombination, initial recombination and diffusion.

PMID- 967925
TI  - Bone density measured by photon scattering. I. A system for clinical use.
AB  - A system for the routine measurement of the density of the os calcis is
      described. Measurements are made of the number of photons scattered by the bone
      from a 153Sm photon beam. The first results from human subjects are presented.

PMID- 967926
TI  - Bone density measured by photon scattering. II. Inherent sources of error.
AB  - The origins of inherent sources of error in results of measurements of bone
      density by a photon scattering technique are described and their effects are
      predicted theoretically. The predictions are confirmed experimentally. The prime
      source of error is multiple scattering. A procedure has been developed to correct
      the observed densities for effects of multiple scattering.

PMID- 967927
TI  - A new technique for radiotherapy planning using quadratic programming.
AB  - Previous attempts at optimization of radiotherapy planning are described and
      criticized, and consideration of these attempts has resulted in the development
      of a new technique using quadratic programming. Uniformity of tumour dose is
      selected as the most important feature of any plan, and this is achieved by
      minimizing the variance of the dose to preselected points within the tumour. The
      dose to vulnerable regions can be constrained not to exceed a given percentage of
      the mean tumour dose. Optimization of field weight and field type is possible.
      The operation of the system is described and some typical results are given.

PMID- 967928
TI  - Digital computer processing of brain scans using principal components.
AB  - Most of the scan processing methods used to date are unable to distinguish
      between normal and abnormal features. This paper describes a method of
      constructing a particular orthogonal transform from a set of normal images, the
      method of principal components, which may be used selectively to filter out
      normal features, leaving behind abnormal features. The method has been applied to
      brain scans and has been implemented on a small digital computer system with
      magnetic disc.

PMID- 967929
TI  - Dosimetry in single lung cells by means of microautoradiographic activity
      measurements.
AB  - After inhalation of compounds containing promethium-147 in the lungs of mice most
      of the activity is deposited in the form of local concentrations (hotspots). By
      means of a special quantitative microautoradiographic method using stripping film
      ORWO K 105, measurements of the activity of single hotspots of about 10(-14) Ci
      are possible. A microphotometer with a variable measuring diaphragm is used for
      the determination of the density profile of the autoradiographic image in order
      to get hotspot depth within the biological specimen. To determine hotspot
      activity it is necessary to calibrate the film with a Pm-147 plane source. The
      systematic and random errors of the method are discussed in detail, giving a
      total error of +/- 21% (SD) for one hotspot activity measurement. A few examples
      of biological results obtained by the method are given. Simple models are used to
      calculate doses absorbed in macrophage and alveolar cell nuclei from the measured
      activities.

PMID- 967930
TI  - The response of cells in culture to fractionated radiation: a theoretical
      approach.
AB  - A mathematical model has been constructed to simulate the response of cells in
      vitro to fractionated doses of radiation. The model is capable of describing most
      of the radiobiological functions that are commonly studied. Input data are
      measurable cell properties. The details of the model and methods of acquiring the
      input data are outlined and a comparison with experimental observations on two
      radiobiological functions, survival curves and recovery curves are discussed in
      some detail.

PMID- 967931
TI  - Line scan proton spin imaging in biological structures by NMR.

PMID- 967932
TI  - Studies of normal and disease human liver tissue by proton-induced X-ray emission
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 967933
TI  - The solution of a dosimetry problem caused by a mercury shutter.

PMID- 967934
TI  - Inconsistency in derivation of C-lambda and CE.

PMID- 967935
TI  - Beam profiles for fast neutrons.

PMID- 967936
TI  - Eleventh Mary McMillan Lecture. The revolutionary spirit.

PMID- 967937
TI  - Program for cardiac patients: stress testing and training.
AB  - Dynamic exercise stress testing had become a widely accepted technique in the
      diagnosis of cardiac patients. The results of standardized exercise testing may
      be used to evaluate a patient's functional capacity and to derive an exercise
      prescription to assist him in improving his state of cardiovascular fitness.
      Because the physical therapist has special training and skill in exercise-related
      techniques, a stress testing laboratory and an exercise-based cardiac
      rehabilitation program may be appropriately established in a hospital's physical
      therapy department. Results are presented of a diagnostic exercise testing and an
      exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program organized and supervised by
      physical therapists in a 300-bed private hospital.

PMID- 967938
TI  - A method of developing and evaluating a clinical performance program for physical
      therapy interns.
AB  - A method used by interns and supervisors in developing and evaluating a clinical
      performance program during a 6-week internship in the Division of Physical
      Therapy at the University of Michigan Medical Center is presented. This method
      required a statement of educational resources available, establishment of
      criteria for judging acceptable performance, statement by the intern of his
      educational objectives, negotiation of a written contract, and maintenance of a
      log. The 32 participants thought that this was a rational and acceptable program
      and stated that they would, if given a choice, elect to follow the same procedure
      again.

PMID- 967939
TI  - Nitrous oxide analgesia in rehabilitation.

PMID- 967940
TI  - Haemophilia.

PMID- 967941
TI  - Physiotherapy in haemophilia.

PMID- 967942
TI  - Splinting in haemophilia.

PMID- 967943
TI  - Walking frame adaptation.

PMID- 967944
TI  - The reliability of joint measurement.

PMID- 967945
TI  - [The motormetric Rostock-Oseretzky scale].
AB  - A new motometric scale with 24 tasks was designed taking into account Oseretzky
      tasks. It was standardized with 325 normal school children ranging in age from 5
      to 11 years. The normal presentation in form of C scales and MQ scales, resp.,
      allows a qualitative evaluation of the motor development irrespective of the age
      of the child. Furthermore, the procedure allows an improvement in the successful
      diagnosis of cerebral lesions in early infancy; this was verified by an
      examination of 92 children with proved brain lesions or high risk births. Details
      are given on the reliability, validity with reference to criteria, and diagnostic
      value of the scale. The procedure is economic as far as the necessary time is
      concerned and therefore it can also be applied in the treatment of out-patients.

PMID- 967946
TI  - [The attitude toward learning and favorite subjects in students with reading and
      spelling disability].
AB  - The hypothesis of a general dislike of school and learning aversion in children
      with reading and spelling disability could not be confirmed. As far as the
      attitude to the subjects and to the teachers, particularly to the teachers of
      German, is concerned no deviation from the norm generally existed. The
      inclination towards lingual subjects is lower than in pupils attending
      polytechnic high schools. The contrast between frequent behavioural disorders in
      school on the one hand, and the general positive attitude towards school is
      interpreted as a appetency-aversion conflict. The dominance of appetency is
      caused by the favourable social and pedagogic conditions in socialist society and
      is regarded as a prerequisite of successful therapy.

PMID- 967947
TI  - [Secondary symptoms of reading and spelling disability].
AB  - The hypothesis that the secondary symptoms of legasthenia can be derived in a
      linear and causal way from the primary symptoms is investigated. This study is
      based on data from the patients' history, diagnosis, therapy, and catamnesis. It
      is shown, that behavioural and adaptability disturbances are for the major part
      of prelegasthenic character but may become more pronounced by the manifestation
      of the primary symptoms. The parallel course of primary and so-called secondary
      symptoms with different times of manifestation is discussed as a conceptional
      model. Furthermore, the much less fully authenticated conceptional model based on
      findings in a childrens' neuropsychiatric clinic, which claims the existence of
      genuine secondary symptoms in a causal relationship to the primary symptoms, is
      not put into dispute.

PMID- 967948
TI  - [Excretion of 3,4-dimethoxy phenylethylamine in the urine of schizophrenics].
AB  - According to the hypothesis of Osmond, Harley-Mason and Smythies on abnormal
      methylation products in the catecholamine metabolism in schizophrenics, the
      excretion of 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine (3,4-DMPEA) in the urine was examined
      in 80 patients with endogenous psychoses and in 20 normal persons. In 38% of the
      patients 3,4-DMPEA was found, whereas no 3,4-DMPEA was found in normal persons.
      When the biochemical findings obtained are correlated to the corresponding
      diagnoses the highest incidence of positive findings was observed in paranoid
      hallucinatory schizophrenics with 71% in males and 75% in females. The
      signification of controls during the course of the experiments is emphasized.

PMID- 967949
TI  - [Correlation between reflex behavior and EEG in a brain-stem tumor].
AB  - In a female patient with a tumour of the brain stem the e.e.g. showed signs of
      increasing general functional disorders and additional transient high voltage
      monographic waves with bilateral frontal and central accentuation, which we
      regarded as brain stem disturbances. At the same time the authors observed a
      characteristic inhibition of the amplitude of brain reflexes as well as high
      phases of a polyphasic stimulation--response potential with stimulation of the
      tibial nerve. Beside these inhibition phenomena, signs of disinhibition were
      verified (nociceptive, trigemino-trigeminal reflex, polyphasic disinhibited brain
      reflex?). The photostimulation was without influence on the sensitivity of
      motoneurons.

PMID- 967950
TI  - The role of death in political conflict.

PMID- 967951
TI  - Woman versus womanliness in India: an essay in social and political psychology.

PMID- 967952
TI  - The common psychiatric problems in family practice.

PMID- 967953
TI  - Another indication of haloperidol.

PMID- 967954
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of hyaline membrane disease.

PMID- 967955
TI  - The psychiatrist as advocate for post surgical "quality of life".

PMID- 967956
TI  - The secretary.

PMID- 967957
TI  - Survey of the success of communications between hospital staff and patients.

PMID- 967958
TI  - Smoking and drinking habits of students at the University of Hong Kong: a
      longitudinal study.

PMID- 967959
TI  - A survey of the need for emergency dental services.

PMID- 967960
TI  - The use and perception of social work.

PMID- 967961
TI  - The School Health Service Group Council. The Society of Community Medicine.

PMID- 967962
TI  - Getting the prostitutes off the ship: or health educations as a design problem.

PMID- 967964
TI  - Psychiatry and the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 967963
TI  - The Senior Medical Officer (child health): the first 12 months in a district.

PMID- 967965
TI  - Damage and energy deposition in RNase by low-energy ions.

PMID- 967966
TI  - Relative contribution of target cell disturbances and immunosuppression in
      radiation leukemogenesis: model studies with exogenous virus.

PMID- 967967
TI  - The influence of dose and dose rate on the incidence of neoplastic disease in RFM
      mice after neutron irradiation.

PMID- 967968
TI  - Late effects of 60Co gamma radiation on the bovine oocyte as reflected by oocyte
      survival, follicular development, and reproductive performance.

PMID- 967969
TI  - Induced transport of amino acids in rat liver after whole-body gamma irradiation.

PMID- 967970
TI  - The triplet state of DNA excited by x rays.

PMID- 967971
TI  - Enzyme activities of the kidney after irradiation.

PMID- 967972
TI  - Glomerular and juxta-glomerular lesions in radiation nephropathy.

PMID- 967973
TI  - Effect of metronidazole on the radiocurability and oxygenation of the C3HBA
      tumor.

PMID- 967974
TI  - Mitotic effects of monochromatic ultraviolet radiation at 225, 265, and 280 nm on
      eleven stages of the cell cycle of the grasshopper neuroblast in culture. 1.
      Overall retardation from the stage irradiated to nuclear membrane breakdown.

PMID- 967975
TI  - Miototic effects of monochromatic ultraviolet radiation at 225, 265, and 280 nm
      on eleven stages of the cell cycle of the grasshopper neuroblast in culture. 2.
      Changes in progression rate and cell sequence between the stage irradiated and
      nuclear membrane breakdown.

PMID- 967976
TI  - The response of a transplantable tumor to fractionated irradiation. II. Fast
      neutrons.

PMID- 967977
TI  - Rabies.

PMID- 967978
TI  - Pop festivals.

PMID- 967980
TI  - Thoughts and experiences of the first Health Service Commissioner.

PMID- 967979
TI  - Alcoholism.

PMID- 967981
TI  - Health education--changing concepts of health knowledge and self-care.

PMID- 967982
TI  - Government legislation and control measures.

PMID- 967983
TI  - A veterinary surgeon's viewpoint.

PMID- 967984
TI  - Human disease and vaccination.

PMID- 967985
TI  - Microbiology of the poultry carcass and processing plant.

PMID- 967986
TI  - Lead in the environment. Monitoring for lead.

PMID- 967987
TI  - Body burdens of lead in Birmingham.

PMID- 967988
TI  - Alcoholic illness-who cares?

PMID- 967989
TI  - Reflections on healing alcohol abuse.

PMID- 967990
TI  - Family planning in Glasgow.

PMID- 967991
TI  - [Effect of preventive administration of ATP on the biosynthesis of uridyl
      nucleotides from uracil in rat tissues after long-term irradiation].

PMID- 967992
TI  - [Disorders of DNA synthesis in the roots of gamma-irradiated seedlings and
      restorative processes].

PMID- 967993
TI  - [Incorporation of exogenous DNA into tissues of irradiated animals].

PMID- 967994
TI  - [Relation between changes in the hydroxyproline and lipid content of rat lungs
      and the amount of administered plutonium].

PMID- 967995
TI  - [Anti-tissue antibodies in the blood serum fractions of intact and irradiated
      animals].

PMID- 967996
TI  - [Inhibiting effect of the blood serum of irradiated animals on H3-thymidine
      incorporation into rat thymocyte DNA in vitro].

PMID- 967997
TI  - [Induced chemiluminescence of the blood plasma of rats during the early period of
      radiation injury].

PMID- 967998
TI  - [Evolutionary-biochemical aspects of the radiation resistance of plants].

PMID- 967999
TI  - [Study of the radiation resistance of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in G1 and S
      stages].

PMID- 968000
TI  - [Effect of low daily dosage of long-term irradiation on changes in the stem cell
      and peripheral blood cell count in mice].

PMID- 968001
TI  - [Computer analysis of microstructures for evaluation of the effect of beta
      irradiation on the skin].

PMID- 968002
TI  - [Functional-morphological changes in the cow heart after oral administration of a
      mixture of nuclear fission products].

PMID- 968003
TI  - [Different types of hereditary changes in cell survival caused by x-rays in
      different dosage (experiments conducted on Amoeba proteus)].

PMID- 968004
TI  - [Principles of radiorace formation in yeasts. Report 8. Study of the role of
      heterozygosity of diploid yeasts in the formation of radiorace].

PMID- 968005
TI  - [Microdosimetric analysis of the RBE of protons after irradiation of cells of
      haploid yeasts].

PMID- 968006
TI  - [Microdosimetric analysis of the RBE of protons after irradiation of cells of
      haploid yeasts].

PMID- 968007
TI  - [Extrapolation from animals to humans of the principles of strontium-90 behavior
      in the body].

PMID- 968008
TI  - [Action of radiation and the hydrodynamic effect on the matrix properties of DNA
      during extracellular synthesis of RNA and thiophosphate protection of matrix
      properties of T2 DNA during irradiation].

PMID- 968009
TI  - [Effect of high- and low-polymer DNA on DNA biosynthesis in certain
      radiosensitive organs of irradiated animals].

PMID- 968010
TI  - [Effect of high-polymer homologous DNA on changes in the duodenal epithelium in
      rats irradiated with a dose of 820 R].

PMID- 968011
TI  - [Role of endogenous substances in creating a background of increased
      radioresistance. Report 8. Study of the effect of radioprotective agents on the
      content of biogenic amines in bone marrow cells].

PMID- 968012
TI  - [Taurine content of tissues of irradiated rats].

PMID- 968013
TI  - [Esterases of blood serum, liver and small intestinal mucosa of rats after gamma
      irradiation].

PMID- 968014
TI  - [Comparative study of subunits of 7S globulin from cotton seeds].

PMID- 968015
TI  - [Protective effect of DNA preparations on cell survival and yield of 8-azaguanine
      resistant mutations in irradiated Chinese hamster cells in culture].

PMID- 968016
TI  - [Effect of linoleic acid hydroperoxides on the bone marrow lesion and death of
      irradiated mice].

PMID- 968017
TI  - [Quantitative principles of injury and regeneration of the blood system after a
      single and continuous gamma irradiation].

PMID- 968018
TI  - [Adverse effect of high-polymer heterologous DNA on the survival of irradiated
      animals].

PMID- 968019
TI  - [X-virus infection of potato plant after continuous gamma irradiation].

PMID- 968020
TI  - [Local changes in electron-irradiated potato tubers].

PMID- 968021
TI  - Radiography in the investigation of death and legal proceedings.

PMID- 968022
TI  - An analysis of career enquiries made to a school of radiography over a five-year
      period.
AB  - A follow-up enquiry form is described and results provided from a survey over a
      five-year period. The information gained has enabled a further and we hope more
      searching questionnaire to be designed. At the time of producing the pro-forma in
      1969, career and salary prospects in radiography were not as good as at present.
      The Halsbury Report in May 1974 was a great advantage to the paramedical
      professions as a whole. It will be interesting to see how recruitment and job
      availability proceed over the ensuing five years.

PMID- 968023
TI  - Radiography of head injury patients.

PMID- 968024
TI  - Letter: The use of tasks analysis.

PMID- 968025
TI  - The value of lead shields in reducing radiation dosage to the eye during
      neuroradiological procedures.
AB  - Home-made protective eyeshields are described, for use during certain types of
      skull radiography. Measurements made during the examination of patients and with
      a phantom skull indicate that a ten-fold reduction in radiation dose may be
      achieved through their use during certain diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 968026
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography.

PMID- 968027
TI  - The McCallum "scanning" device for femoral angiography.

PMID- 968029
TI  - Immobilisation of the patient in paediatric radiography.

PMID- 968028
TI  - The case of a near miss in a knife injury.

PMID- 968030
TI  - The McCallum liquid goniometer for gas encephalography and myelography.

PMID- 968031
TI  - A method of measuring the angle of tomographic movement.
AB  - A technique is described for measuring the angle of two tomographic movements. It
      requires only simple equipment, most of which is normally available in X-ray
      departments. The calculation involved is quite simple and the result obtained is
      accurate even at small angles.

PMID- 968032
TI  - Double-contrast arthrography in meniscal lesions and patellar chondropathy.
AB  - The technique of double-contrast arthrography is discussed in this paper. The
      serial exposures included a special exposure of the retropatellar region in order
      to detect patellar chondropathy. Various types of meniscal rupture and
      degeneration are discussed with special reference to combinations of these
      lesions and to lesions of both menisci in the same knee joint. The aetiology and
      radiological features of patellar chondropathy are discussed in detail. Patellar
      chondropathy was diagnosed in 19% of patients without meniscal lesions, 23% of
      patients with medial and 35% of those with lateral meniscal lesions, as well as
      in 73% of post-meniscectomy cases. Comparison of arthrographic with arthroscopic
      results revealed a positive correlation in 74% of cases.

PMID- 968033
TI  - Echoscopic and echographic differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions.
AB  - Combined echoscopic and echographic examination enables accurate display of the
      pancreatic region. Furthermore, this method yields reliable results in
      demonstrating pathological changes of the pancreas caused by acute pancreatitis,
      acute necrotising pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst and neoplasm of the
      pancreas. The characteristic ultrasonographic findings in these diseases are
      presented and the differential diagnosis is briefly discussed.

PMID- 968034
TI  - Serial liver and spleen scanning in patients with malignant lymphomas.
AB  - Spleen and liver represent target organs for involvement in patients with
      Hodgkin's disease and with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Although histological
      examination remains the most reliable method in diagnosing the presence of
      disease in these organs, particularly during the early phases, exploratory
      laparotomy and liver biopsy cannot be repeated, for practical purposes, on a
      regular basis. As the incidence of splenic and hepatic involvement continues to
      rise in the years following the initial diagnosis, we have found that liver and
      spleen scans performed in a serial manner are helpful in establishing the
      diagnosis during the follow-up period. By comparing the later studies to the
      earlier ones, interval changes as related to the size, contour, homogeneity and
      to the presence or absence of filling defects, become apparent. These changes,
      should they occur, are related, in our experience to the underlying lymphoma.
      Conversely, through serial scanning, improvement under treatment of a previously
      involved organ, is well demonstrated by this noninvasive technique. The
      limitations imposed by the resolving power of the imaging system must be taken
      into consideration when interpreting the results.

PMID- 968035
TI  - Frequency of bilateral tumours and primary retroperitoneal localization in
      tumours of the testicles.
AB  - Report on 4 patients with bilateral testicular tumours (out of a total number of
      181 cases) and the problems arising with a second course of irradiation. The
      question of histogenesis and therapeutic course in 4 patients with a primary
      retroperitoneal tumour localization are discussed in the second part.

PMID- 968036
TI  - A short course - low dose preoperative irradiation of endometrial carcinoma.
      Preliminary report.
AB  - This is a preliminary and comparative report of a randomized prospective study in
      which 14 unselected women with a proven histological diagnosis of endometrial
      adenocarcinoma were subjected to a course of external irradiation treatment with
      total 1,500 rad mid-pelvic dose delivered on five consecutive days followed by
      total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Surgery was
      performed within 1 week after the completion of radiation therapy. At the same
      time, 15 additional patients with identical histological diagnosis were treated
      with the conventional external irradiation technique of 5,000 rad delivered in 5
      weeks followed by surgery 6 weeks later. The stage indicates no significant
      differences between these two radiotherapeutic modalities in regard to survival
      rate, recurrences or complications. The short course-low dose approach markedly
      reduces the cost and overall treatment time.

PMID- 968037
TI  - [Carcinoids of the small intestine. Retrospective study of the radiological
      diagnosis of 15 patients (author's transl)].
AB  - The radiological workup of 15 patients with a carcinoid has been evaluated. As 7
      of the 15 patients presented for emergency operation, only the remaining 8 had
      barium studies (7 barium meals and 1 barium enema). Two of the barium meals were
      even retrospectively, entirely negative. In two others, initially the diagnosis
      was missed despite radiological signs, which had been overlooked on follow-up
      films. Fluoroscopic examination of the small bowel would probably have ensured
      the detection of the lesion. At the time of diagnosis nine tenth of the tumours
      were already infiltrating and more than half of them metastasizing. The presence
      of the carcinoid syndrome implies the production of the causative hormones in the
      liver or the pulmonary circulation. In order to find the primary intestinal
      carcinoid in a cureable stage- that is, before it has metastasized-, all patients
      with diarrhoea and repeated bouts of abdominal pain should have a careful follow
      up examination of the small bowel. This examination must include fluoroscopies.

PMID- 968038
TI  - Arteriographic findings in inflammatory mass lesions of the kidney.

PMID- 968039
TI  - The role of arteriography in trauma.

PMID- 968040
TI  - Phlebography and radionuclide clot localization in the lower extremities.

PMID- 968041
TI  - [An analysis of the plain chest films of 109 children with atrial septal defect.
      The correlation between different radiological criteria and shunt size (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Radiograms of the chest (p.a.--and lateral projection) of 109 children with
      atrial septal defect taken before cardiac catheterisation have been evaluated
      under standardized principles; correlation between size of the left-to-right
      shunt and the radiographic changes has been performed. The examiner evaluated at
      random radiographs of 213 subjects, of whom 104 had no cardiac disease. Besides
      the determination of several radiographic criteria the examiner had to decide
      whether the subject in question had cardiac abnormalities or not. There has been
      a statistically significant correlation between the size of shunt-volume and the
      amount of radiographic changes as: 1. pulmonary vascular markings, 2. size of the
      right ventricle in the lateral projection, 3. cardiac configuration in the p.a.
      projection, 4. relative cardiac volume, 5. size and shape of the pulmonary artery
      segment, 6. size of the aortic arch. The highest diagnostic value is represented
      by pulmonary vascular markings; this is of great importance. Because pulmonary
      vascular markings can be in any age group evaluated on technically good
      radiographs. 78% of the atrial septal defects could be detected by radiographic
      criteria. In 5% of the children with no cardiac disease a vitium cordis had been
      diagnosed erroneously.

PMID- 968042
TI  - [Several causes of respiratory insufficiency in children (author's transl)].
AB  - Differential diagnosis respiratory insufficiency in children is great problem for
      pediatricians and a radiologists. The mortality rate for respiratory
      insufficiency especially in the newborn may be as high as 50 per cent. The
      etiology of respiratory insufficiency may be of different origin. Considering
      location one can distinguish between pulmonary and extrapulmonary causes, as
      congenital oesophageal stresia, diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragmatic relaxation,
      and tumours of the neck, mediastinum and thoracic wall. Roentgen examinations are
      important to diagnose of extrapulmonary causes for respiratory insufficiency.

PMID- 968043
TI  - [Radiographic signs of cor pulmonale (author's transl)].
AB  - The pulmonary artery pressure of 47 patients was compared with radiological
      criteria of pulmonary hypertension: in rest and exercise. The diameter of the
      truncus intermediul is the only measurable criterium. A diameter larger than or
      equal to 18 mm is an indication for latent or manifest cor pulmonale. If the
      diameter is less than or equal to 15 mm a pulmonary hypertension is improbably.
      Additional findings (primary pulmonary disease, diameter of the truncus
      pulmonalis, loss of lung vessel structure in the periphery, marked reduction in
      vessel caliber--graded 0-3) leads to the diagnosis of manifest cor pulmonale on
      the basis of routine x-ray of the chest. The differentiation between manifest and
      latent cor pulmonale ist possible in most cases. An overestimation of the primary
      lung disease, particularly by fibrosis, may mistead from the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 968044
TI  - The treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 968045
TI  - Therapy of salmonellosis.

PMID- 968046
TI  - Rational therapy in hypothyroidism.

PMID- 968047
TI  - Effect of gamma-and ultraviolet-irradiation on survival and totipotency of
      haploid tobacco cells in culture.

PMID- 968048
TI  - Prostaglandin endoperoxide and thromboxane generating systems and their selective
      inhibition.
AB  - Two enzyme systems and their selective inhibition are described. Microsomes from
      ram seminal vesicles (RSV) incubated with arachidonic acid at 22 degrees C
      generated a rabbit aorta contracting substance which, after rapid ether
      extraction, had characteristics similar to purified standard endoperoxides.
      Incubation of either purified endoperoxide or the product from RSV and
      arachidonic acid with horse platelet microsomes (HPM) yielded a more potent
      rabbit aorta contracting substance characterized as thromboxane A2, with a half
      life of 35.9 +/- 2.2 s at 37 degrees C after ether extraction. Two inhibitors,
      indomethacin and benzydamine exhibited selectivity for the two enzyme systems.
      The IC50 for benzydamine against thromboxane synthetase was 100 mug/ml and 250
      mug/ml against RSV. Indomethacin showed a greater degree of selectivity with an
      IC50 of 5 mug/ml for the ram seminal vesicle cyclo-oxygenase compared to 100
      mug/ml for thromboxane synthetase.

PMID- 968049
TI  - Paradoxical endogenous synthesis of a coronary dilating substance from
      arachidonate.
AB  - Isolated bovine, canine, and human coronary arteries exhibited dose dependent
      contractions to prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2alpha (50 ng/ml to 10mug/ml). The
      ED50 value for both PGE2 and PGF2alpha was 500 ng/ml in the bovine and human
      coronary arteries. Paradoxically, although PGE2 and gf2alpha are
      vasoconstrictors, administration of their precursor, arachidonate (100 ng/ml to
      10 mug/ml) caused relaxation of the bovine, canine and human coronary arteries.
      This observation suggests that arachidonate is not being converted by the
      coronary PG synthetase to PGE2 or PGF2alpha. However, the arachidonate induced
      coronary relaxation was inhibited by pretreatment with PG synthetase inhibitors,
      indomethacin, meclofenemate and aspirin. Indomethacin addition to the strips
      previously relaxed by arachidonate caused contraction. In contrast to other PGs
      (E2 and F2alpha), PGE1 (10 ng/ml to 10 mug/ml) caused dose dependent relaxation
      of the bovine coronary arteries (ED50 = 100 ng/ml). Indomethacin induced further
      relaxation of the blood vessels previously relaxed by PGE1. Since PGE1 cannot
      arise from arachidonate, the arachidonate coronary dilation and reversal by
      indomethacin must be independent of PGE1 formation. Linolenate (100 ng/ml to 10
      mug/ml) and oleate (100 ng/ml to 10 mug/ml) also caused relaxation of the bovine
      coronary blood vessels both before and after indomethacin, thereby eliminating a
      direct non-specific fatty acid effect as the cause of the arachidonate
      relaxation. These results suggest that in isolated coronaries, arachidonate
      undergoes a novel conversion, possibly by PG synthetase, to a dilating substance
      which exerts different contractile effects than exogenously administered PGE2,
      PGF2alpha and PGE1.

PMID- 968050
TI  - Studies on the effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, A1, and A2 on the dustus
      arteriosus of swine in vivo using cineangiography.
AB  - Prostaglandins E1, E2, A1, and A2 have been shown by cineaortography to open and
      dilate the ductus arteriosus in anesthetised piglets 3 to 6 hours of age. The
      dosage of PGEs required was 1 to 4 mug/kg/min. and of PGAs 20 to 40 mug/kg/min.
      The effect of PGEs faded within 20 minutes of stopping infusion but the effect of
      PGAs was still evident up to 45 minutes after stopping the infusion. Little
      effect was noted from hypoxia or from the addition of indomethacin to
      prostaglandin infusion. Side effects were not troublesome with the dosage
      employed but hypotension and apnea sometimes occurred at the onset of PGE
      infusions.

PMID- 968051
TI  - Indomethacin inhibits responses to all vasoconstrictors in the rat mesenteric
      vascular bed: restoration of responses by prostaglandin E2.
AB  - Indomethacin added to the perfusing buffer inhibited pressor responses to
      noradrenaline, angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, histamine, serotonin,
      calcium ions and potassium ions in the male rat mesenteric vascular bed. For
      every pressor agent the indomethacin concentration which inhibited response
      amplitude by 50% was about 7 microg/ml (2.1 X 10(-5) M). With every pressor
      agent, prostaglandin (PG) E2 could restore normal responsiveness in indomethacin
      blocked preparations even while the indomethacin was still present in the buffer.
      The concentration of PGE2 required was proportional to the concentration of
      indomethacin. Preparations completely inhibited by indomethacin needed about
      5ng/ml PGE2 for complete restoration of normal responses. Aspirin and mefenamic
      acid could also inhibit responses to all pressor agents tested but with these
      drugs only a partial restoration could be achieved by PGE2.

PMID- 968052
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins A and B in human blood.
AB  - A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for the measurement of plasma prostaglandins
      A and B, expressed in equivalents of PGA1, is described. This method was used for
      the measurement of prostaglandins A and B (PGA/B) in 23 healthy volunteers and 25
      hypertensive patients. The PGA/B concentration in peripheral venous plasma of 23
      healthy normotensive subjects is 115 +/- 15 pg/ml. The repeated measurement of
      the same plasma samples kept frozen for 60 days at -20 degrees C shows mean 194%
      increase of PGA/B concentration. The major site of synthesis of PGA/B seems to be
      the kidney. However in two patients PGA/B concentration in arterial blood was
      greater than in venous blood suggesting the possibility of cardio-pulmonary
      synthesis. The major site of inactivation is the hepatic circulation, as PGA/B
      concentration in hepatal venous blood is by 30% lower than in vena caval blood.
      The arterial concentration is 3% lower than venous PGA/B demonstrating very low
      pulmonary inactivation. Therefore the prostaglandins of the A and B series may
      represent a "circulating hormone". The plasmatic PGA/B is significantly increased
      in reno-vascular and essential hypertension.

PMID- 968053
TI  - Synthesis of (+)-prostanoic acid (1).

PMID- 968054
TI  - Mechanism of steroid action in inflammation: inhibition of prostaglandin
      synthesis and release.
AB  - Acute arthritis was induced by injection of cell-free extract of group A
      Streptococci into the knee joints of mature male rats. Slices of control and
      inflamed synovia were incubated for 30 to 240 minutes and the rate of
      prostaglandin E (PGE) released into the medium was measured by radioimmunoassay.
      PGE release from inflamed synovia was 5-8 fold higher than that in normal tissue.
      Incubation of inflamed synovia with corticosterone acetate, dexamethasone or
      prednisone (100 mug/ml) for one or four hours reduced PGE release by 33% and 55%
      respectively. Lower concentrations of corticosterone (10 - 30 mug/ml) were
      ineffective. Aldosterone and progesterone (100 mug/ml) had no effect on PGE
      release throughout the incubation period. Chloroquine (10 mug/ml) inhibited PGE
      release from inflamed synovia by 50%. Indomethacin (1 mug/ml) abolished PGE
      release by 90%. Corticosterone, dexamethasone and prednisone reduced PGE content
      of inflamed synovia by approximately 45% during a 4-h incubation period.
      Aldosterone and progesterone were ineffective, while indomethacin reduced PGE
      content by 70%. The suppressive action of corticosterone on PGE release was
      prevented by addition to the medium of arachidonic acid (2 mug/ml). By contrast,
      the inhibitory action of indomethacin was not affected by provision of exogenous
      substrate. We suggest that glucocorticosteroids reduce PGE release by limiting
      the availability of the substrate for prostaglandin biosynthesis, and this may
      well explain some of their anti-inflammatory properties.

PMID- 968055
TI  - Changes in pituitary hormone secretions and corpora lutea following PGF2alpha
      administration to PMS/hCG-stimulated rats.
AB  - Pseudopregnancy was induced in 26 day old female rats by giving 30 IU of PMS
      followed 56 hours later with 5 IU of hCG. Day 1 of pseudopregnancy was considered
      established 72 hours after PMS administration. Pseudopregnancy lasted 14 to 15
      days. Ovarian weights increased for 4 to 8 times due to treatment. Histological
      examiniation of the corpora lutea (CL) of pseudopregnancy suggested luteolysis
      began on day 6 and extended to day 8. A "new" crop of CL appeared on day 9
      suggesting the duration of pseudopregnancy was supported by more than one
      generation of CL or by CL maturing at different rates. Twice daily administration
      of 1 mg PGF2alpha on days 5 to 8 prevented the appearance of the "new" CL on day
      9, and increased signs of luteolysis in the initially formed CL. Lower doses
      (0.01 and 0.1 mg, b.i.d., X 4 days) delayed the appearance of "new" CL until day
      10. Blood samples withdrawn between 0930 and 1100 hours were analysed for FSH, LH
      and prolactin. Animals treated with 0.01 and 0.1 mg of PGF2alpha, b.i.d., X 4
      days had increased LH values on day 8, thus the PG appeared luteotrophic. Rats
      treated with 1 mg of PGF2alpha, b.i.d., X 4 days had decreased LH values on day 7
      and the CL showed subsequent luteolysis. FSH levels were relatively constant
      during pseudopregnancy. However, all doses of PGF2alpha reduced FSH levels on day
      7. An associated decrease in uterine weight occurred, possibly due to reduced
      follicular development. Prolactin levels fell in response to PGF2alpha treatment
      which undoubtedly contributed to the observed luteolysis. The signs of early
      cessation of pseudopregnancy were: increased serum FSH on days 9 and 10;
      increasing uterine weight; and the reappearance of follicular growth. These data
      suggest that PGF2alpha reduced the duration of pseudopregnancy primarily by
      inhibiting the secretion of FSH, LH and prolactin.

PMID- 968056
TI  - Extra-amniotic 15 (S)-15 methyl PGF2alpha to induce abortion: a study of three
      administration schedules.
AB  - Abortion was induced in 60 patients between 8 and 18 weeks gestation using 15(S)
      15 methyl PGF2alpha in one of three extra-amniotic administration schedules: 1.0
      mg in viscous medium (Tylose), 1 mg in viscous medium (Hyskon) or 0.5 mg in non
      viscous medium repeated at 12 hours. Eighty per cent of patients aborted within
      24 hours in each group. The overall mean induction-abortion interval (+/- S.E.)
      was 17.6 +/- 2.0: there was no significant difference between the three groups.
      Twenty patients treated with 1.0 mg in viscous medium had the catheter removed
      immediately following the prostaglandin injection and the success rate was not
      significantly altered. Gastro-intestinal side effects (vomiting in 50%, diarrhoea
      in 32.5%) were more frequent in the patients treated with the larger dose though
      the difference was not statistically significant. No significant haematological
      or biochemical changes were detected during the 24 hours following the start of
      treatment in 24 patients investigated. Thirty seven of the 60 patients (61.5%)
      aborted completely and did not require surgical evacuation, and none lost more
      than 500 ml of blood, nor required transfusion. It is concluded that abortion can
      be induced with a single extra-amniotic injection of 1 mg of 15(S)-15 methyl
      PGF2alpha in viscous medium in a large percentage of patients but that the
      incidence of side effects is high.

PMID- 968057
TI  - Menstrual induction by the vaginal application of ICI 81008 gel.
AB  - After approximately 2 weeks menstrual delay (positive Pregnosticon Tests)
      "menstrual induction" was attempted in 75 gravidas by repeated vaginal
      application of a gel, containing 200 or 400 mug/ml ICI 81008. After approximately
      10 minutes, following the 1st vaginal delivery of 400 mug ICI 81008, the uterus
      responded to this PGF2alpha analogue with sustained contracture. The highest
      success rate in induced bleeding (93%) and pregnancy termination (79%), without
      supportive therapy, was achieved when 400 mug ICI 81008 was administered 2 to 5
      times at 4 hour intervals. Those gravidas (21%), who failed in induced
      menstruation, or stopped bleeding within 24 hour- after treatment, had positive
      Pregnosticon Tests on day 14 and were curetted. The side effects, mostly vomiting
      and increased blood pressure, were transient and subjectively and medically
      acceptable. While the vaginal application of the drug is apparently less
      effective than the intrauterine (1), it has the advantage of simple delivery and
      the potential of self-administration.

PMID- 968058
TI  - Prostaglandins can prevent the binding of chloroquine to calf thymus DNA.

PMID- 968059
TI  - N-0164 inhibits generation of thromboxane-A2-like activity from prostaglandin
      endoperoxides by human platelet microsomes.

PMID- 968060
TI  - Evaluation of vaginal delivery systems containing 15[s]15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl
      ester.
AB  - Silicone vaginal delivery systems containing 15[S]15-methyl-PGF2alpha methyl
      ester have been evaluated in vitro, and in vivo in the rhesus monkey. Three types
      of vaginal devices have been formulated to contain different concentrations of
      drug. The cumulative amount of 15[s]15-methyl-PGF2alpha methyl ester released in
      vitro from a planar silicone rubber matrix was dependent upon the initial loading
      dose of the prostaglandin. Drug-containing vaginal rings were evaluated in early
      pregnant and mid-trimester pregnant monkeys. Within 10 min after ring
      administration there was an increase in the amplitude and frequency of
      contractions. In mid-trimester pregnant animals there was an initial increase in
      plasma progesterone and then a decrease following treatment, while there was a
      progressive decrease in plasma progesterone in early pregnant animals. All 6 mid
      trimester pregnant monkeys treated with vaginal rings aborted. Pregnancy was
      terminated in 4 of 5 early pregnant monkeys treated with vaginal rings. Blood
      levels of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha rose rapidly to attain a peak 1 hr after treatment
      with vaginal rings. After the peak, plasma levels of 15-methul-PGF2alpha declined
      to a plateau which was fairly constant between 2 and 8 hr. Vaginal silicone
      gelatin laminates containing 15[s]15-methyl-PGF2alpha methyl ester were also
      effective in causing an increase in uterine muscle activity and terminating
      pregnancy in mid-trimester in pregnant monkeys. Plasma progesterone also
      increased shortly after treatment in these animals, and then declined after the
      peak at 8 hr. The plasma profile of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha when animals were treated
      with these vaginal laminates was different from that observed following ring
      treatment. In pregnant animals the concentration of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha rose more
      slowly following laminate insertion, and the peak values were considerably less
      than those following ring treatment. Vaginal devices used in monkeys and humans
      caused plasma concentrations of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha that were generally lower
      than those observed in monkeys treated with either vaginal rings or laminates.
      These studies have demonstrated that silicone vaginal delivery systems containing
      15[S]15-methyl-PGF2alpha methyl ester result in sustained and fairly constant
      plasma levels of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha, and terminate both 1st- and 2nd-trimester
      pregnancies in the monkey. The vaginal device offers the possibility for self
      administration of PGs for early pregnancy termination and menstrual cycle
      regulation.

PMID- 968061
TI  - The use of silastic vaginal device containing (15S)-15 methyl prostaglandin F2
      alpha methyl ester for early first trimester pregnancy termination.
AB  - (15 S) - 15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester in a silastic vaginal
      device was administered to 9 gravid women in the first 7 weeks of gestation for
      elective termination of pregnancy. Continuous intrauterine pressure recording was
      carried out in one case. Prompt initiation of uterine activity and vaginal
      bleeding was seen and expulsion of products of conception occurred in under 24
      hours in all cases. There were no serious complications and side effects were
      considered acceptable. Two patients have required subsequent curettage for
      removal of retained placental tissue. This incidence of failure to complete
      expulsion, if confirmed in a larger series, is considered to render this
      technique without modification unacceptable as a routine method for early
      pregnancy termination.

PMID- 968062
TI  - First experiences with a (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha vaginal device for
      termination of early first trimester pregnancy with serial sonographic
      observations.
AB  - A silastic device containing 10 mg (15S)-15-Methyl Prostaglandin F2alpha was
      administered vaginally in three parous patients under 50 days gestation who
      requested therapeutic abortion. Painful contractions appeared within one hour and
      vaginal bleeding within three hours of application. All patients aborted,
      although in one tissue had to be removed from the uterus. Plasma progesterone
      concentrations were measured in two patients: they decreased within four hours,
      then increased slightly and finally decreased 24 hours after administration of
      the device. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were observed in all three patients.
      The estimated blood loss was less than 100 ml and no significant hematocrit
      changes were observed in all patients. In serial sonographic examinations of one
      patient, the fragmentation and dislodgment of the gestational sac could be
      observed within six hours after administration of the device. After these albeit
      limited experiences, it is concluded that the (15S)-15-Methyl PGF2alpha vaginal
      device is of great potential value for induction of early first trimester
      abortion.

PMID- 968063
TI  - Metabolism and pharmaco-kinetics of 15-methyl PGF2alpha and its ester after
      administration via various routes.

PMID- 968064
TI  - Induction of abortion by vaginal administration of 15(s)15-methyl prostaglandin
      F2alpha methyl ester. A comparison of two delivery systems.
AB  - 15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester in a slow releasing vaginal device was
      administered to 30 women in the first and second trimester of gestation. Ten
      women were early pregnant (31-49 days following the last menstrual period) and
      the remaining 20 patients in the 10th to 20th week of gestation. The first group
      received either a device containing 10 mg 0.5% 15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester
      or a half of that device and the second group either a 0.5% or 1% device. The
      results were compared with those found following repeated vaginal administration
      of triglycerides suppositories, containing 15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester, to
      50 early pregnant patients and 30 patients in the second trimester of gestation.
      The mean total dose of the compound given to these two groups was 3.9 and 7.8 mg
      respectively. All the 60 early pregnant patients aborted following treatment
      judged from clinical course and decreasing HCG values. Bleeding started as a rule
      three to six hours following the start of treatment and continued for 10 to 14
      days. In two patients the abortion was incomplete. The side effects in the
      patients who received half the 0.5% device was comparable to those following the
      repeated vaginal suppositories while in the patients who obtained the whole 0.5%
      device, the frequency of side effects was increased indicating that an
      unnecessary high dose was given. In all the three groups of patients in the late
      first and second trimester of pregnancy, treatment resulted in abortion within 24
      hours in 90% of the patients. In the 1% device an accumulation of side effects
      was found during the first hours following the start of treatment probably due to
      an initial, more rapid absorption of 15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester. With the
      repeated administration and with the 0.5% device, the side effects occurred
      mainly in the hours prior to abortion. However, in all three groups of patients
      the side effects were within acceptable levels. These preliminary results
      indicate that further development on the device may result in an effective one
      vaginal administration treatment for termination of both first and second
      trimester pregnancies.

PMID- 968065
TI  - Measurement of (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Antibodies against (15s)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (15-MF) were produced in
      rabbits immunized with a 15-MF bovine serum albumin conjugate. Tritium labeled 15
      MF was prepared from (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 by reduction with tritiated
      sodium borohydride. Antiserum specificity and label specific activity (12 Ci/mM)
      were sfficient to enable development of a sensitive, accurate and relatively
      specific radioimmunoassay for this prostaglandin analog. The assay can detect as
      little as five picograms of 15-MF in 100 mul of unextracted blood plasma.
      Endogenous concentrations of PGF2alpha should not cause a significant blank using
      current assay conditions, as cross reactivity with this molecule was less than
      one percent. There is, however, significant affinity (45%) for the C-1 methyl
      ester of 15-MF. This makes the assay also applicable for measuring this molecule,
      although no distinction can be made between it and the free acid when neat plasma
      is assayed. Plasma samples from human and monkey studies were assayed for 15-MF
      before and after recipients were treated with pharmacologically active doses of
      this compound. Blank values (0 Hour) of less than 0.1 nanograms per ml were found
      for all pre-treatment samples while post-treatment samples contained detectable
      levels. Results of the human study was compared and found to be in excellent
      agreement with values that were obtained using a gas-liquid chromatographic -
      mass spectrographic assay.

PMID- 968066
TI  - Hormone release and abortifacient effectiveness of a newly developed silastic
      device containing 15-ME-PGF2alpha methyl ester in concentrations of 0.5% and
      1.0%.
AB  - Abortion was successfully induced by intravaginal administration of a newly
      developed silastic device impregnated with 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha
      methyl ester in a concentration of 0.5% in 26 of 35 women in the 12th to the 24th
      weeks of gestation and by prostaglandin with concomitant oxytocin infusion in an
      additional 5 patients. A second comparable group of 35 women, with gestational
      ages from 9 to 23 weeks, received a silastic device with a concentration of 1.0%
      of the prostaglandin. Twenty-six women in the second group aborted with
      prostaglandin alone and an additional 6 patients aborted with combined
      prostaglandin-oxytocin therapy. Seven patients of the 70 included in this study
      failed to abort with intravaginal administration of 15-ME-PGF2alpha methyl ester
      even with concomitant oxytocin therapy; this group included 4 patients receiving
      the 0.5% device and 3 patients with the 1.0% device. The mean abortion time for
      the 31 successful abortions with 0.5% device was 15.15 hours and multiparous
      patients aborted in a mean time of 9.69 hours, significantly faster than the
      nulliparous patients, mean time 18.49 hours. The mean abortion time for the 32
      successful abortions with the 1.0% device was 15.61 hours and there was no
      significant difference in the mean abortion times between nulliparous and
      multiparous patients in this group. No significant difference could be
      demonstrated between the mean abortion times of patients receiving an 0.5%
      concentrations of prostaglandin and patients receiving a 1.0% concentration of
      the drug. In both groups more than 40% of the patients had aborted within 12
      hours of the insertion of the prostaglandin device and more than 80% had aborted
      within 24 hours. The intravaginal device appeared to be effective in inducing
      abortion throughout the gestational ages tested in this series. Peripheral plasma
      levels of 15-ME-PGF2alpha were analyzed in 15 patients with the 0.5% device and 8
      patients with the 1.0% device. In patients with the 0.5% device the mean plasma
      concentration of prostaglandin peaked 2 hours after insertion, while in patients
      with the 1.0% device the peak was achieved within 15 minutes of insertion
      followed by a rapid decline in plasma prostaglandin levels. Diarrhea was the most
      frequent side effect related to the intravaginal administration of the
      prostaglandin, and in this series the severity of this gastro-intestinal
      disturbance appeared to be significantly higher in patients receiving the 1.0%
      device.

PMID- 968067
TI  - The efficacy of intravaginal 15 methyl prostaglandin F2alpha methyl ester in
      first and second trimester abortion.
AB  - Fifteen methyl prostaglandin F2alpha methyl ester prepared within a silastic
      device for intravaginal administration appears to be advantageous. This study
      describes the technique carried out and the results observed in 50 patients. The
      analogue is prepared in 1.0% and 0.5% delivery systems. Twenty-four patients
      received the 1.0% dosage schedule and all twenty-four patients aborted. Twenty
      six patients received 0.5% and twenty-three patients aborted. The coagulation
      millieu and other parameters were similar to that reported for other
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 968068
TI  - Clinical observations with a prostaglandin-containing silastic vaginal device for
      pregnancy termination.
AB  - A salastic vaginal device containing either 0.5% or 1.0% concentrations of 15(s)
      15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha methyl ester was used to induce therapeutic
      abortion in 22 patients at 6-16 weeks gestation. The 1.0% device appeared to be
      an effacious and safe method with cumulative abortion rates similar to that seen
      with intra-amniotic and intramuscular prostaglandin administration. The 0.5%
      device appears less effective. Bothersome side effects of emesis and diarrhea
      were seen with both devices although no serious complications occurred. Uterine
      activity and serum levels of 15(s)-15 methyl PGF2alpha appeared to reflect the
      concentration of prostaglandin in the device. The use of a prostaglandin
      containing silastic vaginal device appears to be a safe method of pregnancy
      termination which is convenient, effective, and applicable to a broad range of
      gestational ages.

PMID- 968069
TI  - [Photochemotherapy of psoriasis by means of orally administered psoralens and
      irradiation with long ultraviolet rays].

PMID- 968070
TI  - [Ultrastructure of elastic skin fibers as a fnunction of age and exposure to
      light].

PMID- 968071
TI  - [Subungual melanoma].

PMID- 968072
TI  - [Photosensitive chronic (eczematous) dermatitis].

PMID- 968073
TI  - [Skin lesions in workers employed at the manufacture of fish flour].

PMID- 968074
TI  - [Present-day clinical picture of late syphilis].

PMID- 968075
TI  - [Late syphilis in the records of the Dermatology Department of the Medical
      Academy in Bialystok].

PMID- 968076
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism  disorders in patients with vitiligo].

PMID- 968077
TI  - [Tinea pedum and its course in a closed environment].

PMID- 968078
TI  - [Coexisting Duhring's disease and discoid lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 968079
TI  - [Acrotelangiectasis with angiomatosis and polykeratosis in a diabetic].

PMID- 968080
TI  - [Coexistence of cutaneous and ocular lesions in a patient with late syphilis].

PMID- 968081
TI  - [Antibiotic treatment of acute gonorrhea in men].

PMID- 968082
TI  - [Effect of the duration of squamous cell carcimona of the lower lip on the
      therapeutic methods and results].

PMID- 968083
TI  - [Liquid nitrogen in the treatment of common warts and some focal skin diseases].

PMID- 968084
TI  - [Asymptomatic trichomoniasis in males and females in the light of clinical and
      epidemiological studies].

PMID- 968085
TI  - [Advances in the study of bone metabolism. I. Structure and function].

PMID- 968086
TI  - [Status of various factors of the complement system in chronic and acute
      hepatitis].

PMID- 968087
TI  - [Carbidopa-levodopa, growth hormone and parkinsonism].

PMID- 968088
TI  - [LDH and its isoenzymes in muscular diseases].

PMID- 968089
TI  - [Review of 47 cases of nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 968090
TI  - [Retrospective epidemiology of an outbreak of serum hepatitis in an old peoples
      home].

PMID- 968091
TI  - [Liver enzymology and antirheumatic medication].

PMID- 968092
TI  - [Coronary-caval anastomosis in the treatment of portal hypertension].

PMID- 968093
TI  - [Hemomediastinum in thyroid neoplasms].

PMID- 968094
TI  - [Acute renal failure and cryoglobulinemia].

PMID- 968095
TI  - [Selective IgA deficiency and active chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 968096
TI  - [A case of cretinism and sublingual thyroid gland].

PMID- 968097
TI  - [Cerebral amines and secretion of gonadotropins].

PMID- 968098
TI  - [Plasma lipids in an extensive, supposedly normal population group of the central
      region of Spain].

PMID- 968099
TI  - [Fibrinogen degradation products in acute pulmonary thromboembolism].

PMID- 968100
TI  - [Deficiency and lack of immunoglobulin A (IgA). Study of 12 cases].

PMID- 968101
TI  - [Hepatic cirrhosis and clearance of fibrinolysis activators].

PMID- 968102
TI  - [Hiatal hernia and cardiovascular manifestations].

PMID- 968103
TI  - [Prolonged clinical study of the LA, 313-B-xanthinol niacinate pentosan sulfonate
      ester combination in various forms of hypertension].

PMID- 968104
TI  - [Long QT, syncope caused by atypical ventricular fibrillation and chronic
      ingestion of prenylamine (review of the literature and report of a case].

PMID- 968105
TI  - [Juvenile Gaucher's disease].

PMID- 968106
TI  - [Inverted papilloma of the urinary tract. Report of a case of localisation in the
      bladder].

PMID- 968107
TI  - [Acute renal failure caused by rifampicin].

PMID- 968108
TI  - [Therapy of juvenile diabetes mellitus. Considerations on 46 cases].

PMID- 968109
TI  - [Determination of the urinary delta aminolevulinic acid. Levels in a Spanish
      population].

PMID- 968110
TI  - [Hepatic participation in the regulation of glucides: blocking action of glucagon
      on hepatic utilization of insulin].

PMID- 968111
TI  - [Comparative study of blood viscosity, thromboelastogram and platelet aggregation
      in normal subjects and chronic bronchitis patients with secondary polyglobulin].

PMID- 968112
TI  - [Iatrogenic causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 968113
TI  - [Salmonellosis: experience of 5 years in a service of internal medicine].

PMID- 968114
TI  - [Sarcoidosis. 68 cases].

PMID- 968115
TI  - [Cold thyroid nodules induced by diphenylhydantoin].

PMID- 968116
TI  - [Albers-Schonberg's osteopetrosis. Report of 2 familial cases and review of the
      literature].

PMID- 968117
TI  - [Scimitar syndrome: contribution of a new case].

PMID- 968118
TI  - [Use of gentamicin in single daily 160 mg dose in the treatment of urinary tract
      infections].

PMID- 968119
TI  - [Humoral immunological changes in the evolutive course of acute and chronic
      hepatopathies. Review of our cases].

PMID- 968120
TI  - [Multisystemic manifestations in chronic hepatopathies].

PMID- 968121
TI  - [Intrathoracic goiter].

PMID- 968122
TI  - [Renal thromboembolism].

PMID- 968123
TI  - [Phonocardiography in fascicular blocks].

PMID- 968124
TI  - [Electrocardiographic manifestations of sinus node disease].

PMID- 968125
TI  - [Hypoparathyroidism in a patient with sarcoidosis].

PMID- 968126
TI  - [2 cases of Hodgkin's disease in a small rural community].

PMID- 968127
TI  - [Chronic hypouricemia by dysfunction of the renal tubule. Observation in a case].

PMID- 968128
TI  - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Comment and case report].

PMID- 968129
TI  - [Selective immunoglobulina A (IgA) deficiency].

PMID- 968130
TI  - [Correlation between Australia (HB Au) antigen and the humoral immunological
      aspects in liver diseases].

PMID- 968131
TI  - [Immunoglobulin level in bronchial secretion].

PMID- 968132
TI  - [Autobiogram in the evaluation of urinary tract infections treated with
      gentamicin].

PMID- 968133
TI  - [The electrocardiogram in Friedreich's disease].

PMID- 968134
TI  - [Angina in the acute phase of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 968135
TI  - [Acute renal failure caused by antibiotics].

PMID- 968136
TI  - [Solitary vertebral plasmacytoma].

PMID- 968137
TI  - [Primary biliary cirrhosis after a prolonged ingestion of chlorpromazine].

PMID- 968138
TI  - Myocardial metabolism during the pacing test in patients with significant
      stenotic atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.

PMID- 968139
TI  - Changes in the concentrating capacity of the kidney in patient with primary
      aldosteronism in relation to treatment.

PMID- 968140
TI  - Importance of immunoglobulins for the differential diagnosis of infectious
      hepatitis and other diseases of the liver and biliary pathways.

PMID- 968141
TI  - Hereditary disposition for atopic diseases.

PMID- 968142
TI  - New types of synthetic infusion solutions. Basic biological properties of poly N
      (2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide.

PMID- 968143
TI  - [Anesthesia and resuscitation in surgery of the locomotor system in the aged].

PMID- 968144
TI  - [Sodium methohexital. Continuos administration in balanced anesthesia].

PMID- 968145
TI  - [Legal aspects of the professional practice of anesthesiology and resuscitation].

PMID- 968146
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarct: review of the 1st 30 cases].

PMID- 968147
TI  - [Type II neuroleptoanalgesia in cesarean section. Preliminary note].

PMID- 968148
TI  - [Gasometric and clinical evaluation in anesthesia with enflurane].

PMID- 968149
TI  - [Blood loss in tonsillectomy].

PMID- 968150
TI  - [Cerebellar astrocytomas].

PMID- 968151
TI  - [Delayed absortion of the C.S.F. A probable mechanism of benign intracranial
      hypertension].

PMID- 968153
TI  - [Ophthalmology in brief notes].

PMID- 968152
TI  - [Cauda equina compression by lumbal disc protusion].

PMID- 968154
TI  - Antero-lateral decompression as a treatment of paraplegia following vertebral
      fracture in the thoraco-lumbar spine.

PMID- 968155
TI  - Osteosynthesis of thoraco-lumbar spine fractures with metal plates screwed
      through the vertebral pedicles.

PMID- 968156
TI  - Working ability after isolated vertebral fracture.

PMID- 968157
TI  - Experiences with craniocerebral injuries.

PMID- 968158
TI  - Ligament injuries of the knee joint.

PMID- 968159
TI  - Metallurgical and clinical experience with cast and forged cobalt/chromium base
      implant metals of compound construction for artificial joint endoprostheses.

PMID- 968160
TI  - [The exercise factor in the treatment of stutterers (author's transl)].
AB  - Speech techniques can always become automatic with exercises provided the only
      purpose is the initiation and formation of particular habitual speech-motor
      patterns such as the coordination of respiration and phonation. However, if the
      speech-technical measures alienate the stutterer's spontaneous speech, exercises
      designed to automate speech flow seem bound to fail, since the stutterer cannot
      fully identify himself with a manner of speech which is not the expression of
      himself. The anxiety inherent in some speech situations should be allayed by the
      speaker's accustomization to the adverse stimuli they produce. However, in the
      final analysis, the irrationality of speech situations defies a systematic
      approach. Thus, it is the relaxation method connected with the process of graded
      desensitization of the stutterer which is therapeutically effective and not his
      adaptation to particular speech situations.

PMID- 968162
TI  - [Information on the activities of the standing commissions of the de.vg.:
      paraplegia (author's transl)].

PMID- 968161
TI  - [Second national sport games for spastics in France (author's transl)].

PMID- 968163
TI  - Recreation and leisure counseling: a review.

PMID- 968164
TI  - Counseling, state vocational rehabilitation agencies, and related matters.

PMID- 968165
TI  - New criteria of adjustment for the cerebral palsied.

PMID- 968166
TI  - Some of the less common causes of polyarthritis.

PMID- 968167
TI  - Rheumatic disorders in childhood (1).

PMID- 968168
TI  - Rheumatic disorders in childhood (2).

PMID- 968169
TI  - Identification of glucuronide metabolites of d- and 1-methadone in bile from the
      isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - Three hydroxylated metabolites of methadone, 2-ethyl-3-(dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl
      3-phenylpyrroline (di-HO-EMDP), 2-ethyl-3-(hydroxy-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-3
      phenylpyrroline (HO-MeO-EMDP) and 2-ethyl-3-(hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-3
      phenylpyrroline (HO-EMDP) were excreted as O-glucuronide conjugates in bile from
      the isolated perfused rat liver following the addition of either d- or 1
      methadone to the perfusate. These glucuronide metabolites were identified as
      intact molecules by combined gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS)
      analysis of their permethylated derivatives.

PMID- 968170
TI  - Effect of oxygen toxicity and nitric acid-induced lung damage on drug absorption
      from the rat lung.
AB  - To investigate the effect of pulmonary oxygen toxicity and nitric acid-induced
      lung damage on absorption of drugs from the lung, rats were either exposed
      continuously to approximately 100% oxygen or given an intratracheal injection of
      1% nitric acid solution (0.15 ml), and rates of drug absorption from damaged and
      control lungs were compared after various times. To measure pulmonary absorption
      rates, 0.1 ml of drug solution (0.1-10 mM) was administered through a tight
      fitting tracheal cannula to anesthetized animals, and, after various times, lungs
      were assayed for unabsorbed drug. Drugs investigated were procaine amide
      ethobromide, p-aminohippuric acid, procaine amide and mannitol-14C. Rates of drug
      absorption were increased 1.1-1.2 fold after 48-54 hrs of continuous oxygen
      exposure and 1.3-1.6 fold at 1-4 days after nitric acid treatment. The results
      suggest that both types of lung damage increase the porosity of the absorbing
      membrane, and that nitric acid damage also alters the integrity of lipoid regions
      of the membrane.

PMID- 968171
TI  - Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxins Q1, M1 and P1 by mouse and rat.
AB  - We have used a microtechnique to study (a) the metabolism of aflatoxin (AF)B1 by
      rat and mouse, and (b) the effect of phenobarbital treatment in vivo on the in
      vitro metabolism of AFB1 by hepatic microsomes from rat and mouse. The results
      indicate and AFP1, the O-demethylated product of AFB1, is a major metabolite
      produced by the mouse. Although it is detectable in rat, the amount produced is
      negligible and was calculated to be at least 10 times less than that produced by
      the mouse. Using several microincubations, AFP1 was prepared in sufficient
      quantities to verify its identity by UV spectroscopy and by thin layer
      chromatography against an authentic standard in six different solvent systems.
      Phenobarbital pretreatment resulted in an enhancement in the total metabolism of
      AFB1 as well as in the formation of AFM1, AFQ1 and AFP1.

PMID- 968172
TI  - Bromobenzene hepatotoxicity in lead pretreated rats.
AB  - We have studied the levels of hepatic GSH in animals intoxicated with
      bromobenzene. A marked decrease of hepatic GSH was observed in poisoned rats.
      Such decrease was prevented by previous administration of lead nitrate, an
      inhibitor of DMES. In the rats treated with lead nitrate alone a rise in hepatic
      GSH was observed. Such protection was further observed by histological
      examination. The mechanism of protection exerted by lead nitrate against
      bromobenzene intoxication is discussed.

PMID- 968173
TI  - Disparate effects of diethylstillbestrol and prednisolone on enzyme efflux from
      heart and skeletal muscle.
AB  - We have previously shown that diethylstilbestrol (DES) almost always, and
      prednisolone (Pr) less frequently, lowered the high serum enzyme activities in
      Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). In experimental studies, it was shown that
      pretreatment of mice with each of these agents lowered enzyme efflux from
      isolated skeletal muscle incubated in vitro, but efflux was augmented by higher
      doses of Pr. This suggested that these agents may influence skeletal muscle
      enzyme efflux in man also, producing the effects noted in DMD. The present
      studies were undertaken to assess the effect on enzyme efflux from skeletal
      muscle and heart that these two agents would exert when given in combination.
      Four groups of mice (14/group) were injected with saline, 250 mug DES, 35 mug Pr,
      or 250 mug DES plus 35 mug Pr in saline every other day for 22 days. The left
      gastroecnemius and heart were isolated from animals of each group, and placed in
      separate tubes containing incubation medium at 25 degrees C. The efflux of
      creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which issued from
      each organ was determined over a 5 hour period. In the doses tested, it was found
      that: 1) DES selectively reduced enzyme efflux from skeletal muscle, but had no
      effect on enzyme efflux from heart; 2) a Pr dose which decreased enzyme efflux
      from the heart, augmented efflux from the gastrocnemius; and 3) DES prevented the
      enhanced enzyme efflux produced by Pr. These studies indicate that these
      hormones, in pharmacological doses, influence enzyme efflux from muscle. This
      suggests, but it is not established, that these hormones also exert a similar
      physiological role. Finally, this experimental model appears to be useful in
      assessing the effects of single agents, and agents in combination, on enzyme
      efflux, and should be of aid in selecting appropriate agents which may be
      therapeutically useful in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 968174
TI  - Serum levels of 5-hydroxyindole derivates after administration of L-5
      hydroxytryptophan ethyl ester.
AB  - Serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptophan ethyl ester, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5
      hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HTPE, 5-HTP, 5-HT and 5-HIAA,
      respectively), were measured after intravenous administration of L-5-HTPE in
      humans, premedicated with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. Semi-automated
      methods for the estimation of the 5-hydroxyindole derivatives are described. Only
      serum levels of 5-HTP and 5-HIAA were found to be increased, indicating that the
      ethyl ester is rapidly hydrolyzed and that the decarboxylation of 5-HTP is in
      part inhibited. The levels of 5-HTP increased during the infusion, but dropped
      rapidly when the intravenous administration was terminated. Serum levels of 5
      HIAA remained constant for at least 6 hours, although during the same period the
      levels of 5-HTP do change markedly. The persistently increased serum levels of 5
      HIAA suggests, that this metabolite is formed from the 5-HT stored in peripheral
      or central tissue. Serum levels of 5-HIAA may therefore be indicative of changes
      of 5-HT metabolism during drug treatment. Levels of 5-HTP may be used for the
      estimation of the availability of the ethylester of 5-HTP.

PMID- 968175
TI  - Quantitative characterization of THC and ethanol interaction.
AB  - The anticonvulsant activity of ethanol, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and their
      combinations was measured in the maximal electroshock seizure test. The
      determined median anticonvulsant doses (ED50) of drug combinations were compared
      with those calculated on the assumption of additivity of doses. No significant
      difference was found between the determined and expected values. It is concluded
      that in this test ethanol and THC may interact additively.

PMID- 968176
TI  - The instability of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in frozen plasma.

PMID- 968177
TI  - Synthesis and characterization of alpha-phenyl-gamma-butyrolactone, a metabolite
      of glutethimide, phenobarbital and primidone, in human urine.
AB  - A novel metabolite, alpha-phenyl-gamma-butyfolactone has been isolated in urine
      samples of patients severely intoxicated by either glutethimide, phenobarbital,
      or primidone. This lactone was prepared synthetically and its spectral data and
      chromatographic properties were compared to those data obtained from the urine
      samples of drug overdosed victims. The results of these comparisons confirm the
      presence of this lactone in human urine following the ingestion of large amounts
      of the parent drug.

PMID- 968178
TI  - Quantitation in plasma and urine of acebutolol and a major metabolite with
      preliminary observations on their disposition kinetics in man.
AB  - An acetyl-homologue-metabolite, present in concentrations of up to ten times
      those of the unchanged drug, in the plasma of patients receiving oral doses of
      acebutolol, is reported. Combined gas chromatography--mass spectrometry has been
      utilized to determine the structure of the acetyl-metabolite. This acetyl
      metabolite has been measured as acebutolol by previously published non-specific
      methods for the determination of acebutolol in biological fluids. A specific and
      sensitive gas chromatographic method is described for the separate quantitation
      of acebutolol and its acetyl-metabolite in plasma and urine. Using our method,
      preliminary data on the disposition kinetics of acebutolol are presented. The
      difficulties in interpreting previously published pharmacokinetic data for
      acebutolol, based on a non-specific method of analysis, are emphasized.

PMID- 968179
TI  - Dopaminergic activity of some apomorphine analogs.
AB  - The dopaminergic activity of ten apomorphine analogs was studied in rats lesioned
      unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine in the nigro-striatal system. Of these ten
      compounds, N,N-dimethyl-5,6-dihydroxy-2-amino-tetralin (M-7), N-methyl-5,6
      dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin (M-8) and N,N-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2-aminoindan
      (DDAI) exhibited potent dopaminergic stimulant activity by causing the rat to
      turn to the unoperated side. The turning behavior of apomorphine, M-7, DDAI and d
      amphetamine were antagonized by haloperidol. M-7 and DDAI also induced pecking in
      pigeons and their effects were also blocked by haloperidol. It is concluded that
      M-7, M-8 and DDAI are direct acting central dopaminergic agents.

PMID- 968180
TI  - How phlebotomy affects the erythrocyte metabolism of high- and low-glutathione
      sheep.
AB  - Erythrocyte glutathione concentration increases dramatically in low-glutathione
      sheep of the Finnish-Landrace breed. To determine if this phenomenon occurs in
      low-glutathione sheep of the Corriedale or Merino type, the packed cell volume
      was decreased to less than 16 by phlebotomy. Glutathione concentrations increased
      in high- and low-glutathione sheep. Low-glutathione sheep returned to pre
      phlebotomy levels by the 18th day; high-glutathione sheep increased, then
      decreased below pre-phlebotomy levels for the duration of the experiment. Packed
      cell volumes increased linearly (1-07 per cent per day) for 19 days. The maximum
      reticulocyte percentage (11-4) occurred on the eight day. Some erythrocyte
      enzymes increased as the mean cell age decreased, but some did not change.
      Erythrocyte adenosine-5'-triphosphate and creatine appear to be related to the
      reticulocyte count.

PMID- 968181
TI  - Immunisation against bovine tropical theileriasis (Theileria annulata infection).
AB  - Fully susceptible cross-bred calves, six to nine months of age, were immunised by
      tick-induced Theileria annulata infection treated with chlortetracycline at 16
      mg/kg body weight for four, eight or 16 days. The infections were induced with 10
      ticks (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum) or 30 ticks (H dromedarii). The recovered
      calves were tested for immunity to homologous severe challenge, 50 or 73 days
      after the first infection. The reaction of the calves to infections was evaluated
      by noting the prepatent period, symptoms, degree of anaemia, rate of
      parasitisation of lymphocytes and erythrocytes. It was observed that untreated
      calves developed acute theileriasis characterised by typical symptoms and lesions
      and 56 to 66 per cent mortality. The medicated calves, however, developed a mild
      form of the disease. Calves which recovered from treated or untreated infections
      were solidly resistant to subsequent severe homologous infection. Judged from the
      severity of anaemia in the infected calves, eight day and 16 day medication
      provided slightly better protection than four day medication. It was concluded
      that eight day medication afforded adequate protection against the severe
      immunising infection, and allowed the development of solid resistance to severe
      homologous challenge.

PMID- 968182
TI  - Preferential transport into colostrum of Fc fragment derived from serum IgG1
      immunoglobulin in the goat.
AB  - The selective transport of blood IgG1 into colostrum in ruminant species is not
      well understood. Therefore, the transport of Fc fragments isolated from serum
      IgG1 (Fc gamma 1) and IgG2 (Fc gamma 2) in normal and pregnant goats was studied.
      The animals were injected intravenously with radio-labelled 125I-Fcgamma1 and
      131I-Fcgamma2 fragments. The plasma disappearance rate of both fragments showed
      that at parturition the Fcgamma1 fragment had a higher disappearance rate than
      Fcgamma2. Over 70 per cent of the inoculated dose of 125I-Fcgamma1 and only 11-12
      per cent of 131I-Fcgamma2 could be recovered in the 24 h colostrum. The results
      indicated that structural differences between the H chains of IgG1 and IgG2 were
      implicated in the selective transport of IgG1 into colostrum in ruminants.

PMID- 968183
TI  - Morphology and classification of subdivisions of the intrahepatic vascular and
      biliary systems in sheep.
AB  - Tensol casts and histology were used to demonstrate sub-divisions of the portal
      and hepatic veins, and arterial and biliary systems. Portal and hepatic venous
      subdivisions were most readily identified. Based upon size, location, sequence of
      branching and histological characteristics a nomenclature for the sub-divisions
      of the portal vascular system was proposed. The names of distributing, primary,
      terminal, secondary (long and short) and tertiary veins were adopted to identify
      portal veins branches. The same criteria allowed the identification of three
      hepatic vein branches, central, sublobular and hepatic; the central hepatic veins
      and to a much lesser extent the sublobular hepatic veins drained the sinusoids.
      Casts of the arterial system demonstrated the arterial blood supply to the
      biliary system, to the sinusoids and portal vein vasa vasorum but they were of
      little use in identifying subdivisions. Arterial subdivision identification is
      possible by using accompanying portal veins as morphological markers and
      designating the subdivision after the vein. This approach is also applicable to
      the biliary system and provides a more accurate means of subdivision
      identification than does the broader division into ductules, intermediate and
      large ducts.

PMID- 968184
TI  - Passive immunity in the lamb. Effects of a second feed of colostrum on antibody
      absorption from the first feed.
AB  - Lambs were taken from their mothers before sucking and fed pooled colostrum (30
      g/kg body weight), containing added antibody to egg albumin, 1 h after birth. At
      4 h after feeding there was a two-fold range in immunoglobulin (IgG)
      concentration and a sixteen-fold range in anti-egg albumin activity in their
      sera. The coefficient of correlation between the IgG and antibody concentrations
      was significant but low (r = 0.445, P less than 0.02). When a second feed of
      colostrum without added antibody was given 6 h after the first, both the IgG and
      the antibody concentrations increased significantly, indicating that there had
      been increased absorption from the first feed, rather than absorption from the
      second. The increases in IgG had a significant negative correlation with the IgG
      concentrations before the second feed (r = 0.760, P less than 0.001). Sera from
      control lambs fed only untreated colostrum gave only trace, probably non
      specific, antibody reactions. The results suggest that single feeds of colostrum
      are generally inefficient, and that the passive immune status of young lambs may
      be improved and made more uniform by subsequent feeds, even though these may be
      themselves deficient in IgG.

PMID- 968185
TI  - The rate of rise of intraventricular pressure as an index of myocardial
      contractility in conscious and anaesthetised ponies.
AB  - Measurements of the rate of rise of left ventricular blood pressure (dP/dt) have
      been made in conscious and anaesthetised ponies. Concurrent measurements of heart
      rate, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular pressure were also made in
      order to assess their relationship to values of dP/dt. Thiopentone-halothane and
      thiopentone-ether anaesthesia reduced the maximal rate of rise of
      intraventricular pressure (dP/dt max) from conscious control levels. After
      correcting for variations in the loading conditions of the ventricle, the
      depressant effect of halothane was still apparent, but the action of ether was
      not. It was concluded that the negative inotropic effect of halothane in the pony
      was greater than that of ether, possibly because a compensatory sympathoadrenal
      stimulation occurred during ether but not during halothane anaesthesia.

PMID- 968186
TI  - A study of the complement fixation test in Salmonella dublin infection.
AB  - The complement fixation test was evaluated in a study of Salmonella dublin
      infection in cattle. In calves vaccinated with a live S dublin vaccine at three
      days of age, complement fixing (CF) antibodies were not detected in colostrum-fed
      calves although CF antibodies were detected at low titre in colostrum-deprived
      calves. In calves vaccinated at three months of age and in experimentally
      infected cows, CF antibodies persisted for three to six months but serum
      agglutinin (SA) antibodies persisted at diagnostic titres for longer periods.
      When serum samples from outbreaks of S dublin infection were examined, the CF
      results were in agreement with the SAT in the majority of samples obtained from
      adults and calves suffering from enteric disease. In samples from cases of S
      dublin abortion, a number of samples had negative CF titres although the SA
      titres were indicative of infection. Non-specific CF reactions occurred in serum
      samples from cattle infected with salmonella serotypes other than S dublin.

PMID- 968187
TI  - Characterisation of an epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus.
AB  - A high titre of epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus was obtained from
      roller bottles of African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells. Cell associated EHD
      virus was purified by use of Genetron-113 and sonication. Purified viral
      particles were probably icosahedral with a diameter of 58 nm and contained
      capsomeres which appeared to be composed of five and six subunit structures.
      Phenol extracted nucleic acid from purified EHD virus when treated with orcinol
      or diphenylamine gave colour reactions and ultraviolet absorption spectrums
      characteristic for ribonucleic acid (RNA). EHD viral RNA had a melting
      temperature of 86 degrees C in 0.015 M NaCl-0.0015 M sodium citrate. RNA from EHD
      virus did not react with formaldehyde, but after it was heated at 102 degrees C
      for 10 min hyperchromicity was observed. Electrophoresis of EHD-RNA in 5 per cent
      polyacrylamide gels showed the genome to be composed of at least five different
      segments.

PMID- 968188
TI  - Factors regulating tapeworm populations: estimations of the infection pressure
      and index of clustering from Taenia hydatigena before and after the removal of
      infected dogs.
AB  - A pasture was prepared so that an equilibrium of fresh and ageing eggs of Taenia
      hydatigena was present. This was done by placing dogs with patent infections on
      it for six months. Five months after their introduction, groups of lambs were
      grazed there for two, four, eight, 16 or 32 days. The dogs were then removed.
      Three and six months later, further groups of sheep were grazed there for a
      similar period. The infection pressures and the indices of clustering of the eggs
      were calculated by an examination of the lambs for cysts at autopsy. When the
      dogs were present, the daily rate of infection was about 60 per cent of the
      flock. This was reduced to 6.5 per cent then to 3.5 per cent within three and six
      months respectively after their removal. Very high cyst counts were obtained in
      some animals and the indices of dispersion diverged from a Poisson model during
      the period when the lambs were maintained on the pasture in the presence of the
      dogs. There was a trend for a reduction in the mean cyst counts and the index of
      dispersion tended to conform more closely to a Poisson model the longer the dogs
      were excluded. There was also a corresponding reduction in the survival rate of
      the cysts. It was suggested that an asymptote of less than 100 per cent in the
      prevalence rate may be accounted for by the acquisition of resistance without the
      persistence of infection and this was induced in some animals by the initial
      ingestion of ageing organisms which gradually formed the predominant type after
      the removal of the dogs from the pasture.

PMID- 968189
TI  - Factors regulating tapeworm populations: estimations of the build-up and
      dispersion patterns of eggs after the introduction of dogs infected with Taenia
      hydatigena.
AB  - The build-up of the eggs of Taenia hydatigena was measured on a pasture following
      the introduction of infected dogs. Susceptible lambs grazed on the pasture
      beforehand showed that only small numbers of randomly dispersed infective eggs
      were present. Two dogs each with four patent T hydatigena were chained to kennels
      placed in the middle of the pasture. The build-up of eggs was determined by
      grazing further tapeworm-free lambs there for 10-day periods. High cyst counts
      were obtained in some of these lambs grazed within 10 days of the introduction of
      the infected dogs. The mean cyst counts remained at a similar level during the 85
      day investigation. This indicated that at least part of the pasture became
      virtually saturated with eggs shortly after the dogs were introduced and remained
      so while the dogs were there. Some animal management practices that favour this
      'epidemic' pattern and lead to a 'cysticercosis storm' are discussed.

PMID- 968190
TI  - Factors regulating tapeworm populations: the changing opportunities of lambs for
      ingesting the eggs of Taenia hydatigena.
AB  - Some intrinsic factors that may modify the transmission of cysticercosis caused
      by Taenia hydatigena in lambs have been assessed and the age at which the
      infective pattern should no longer be modified by the grazing-learning process
      and by colostrum-derived antibody, estimated. Lambs of 0-1, 2-3, 5-6, 8-9, 11-12
      weeks of age, were placed for one week on a pasture experimentally contaminated
      with eggs of T hydatigena. The lambs were allowed to suck their mothers from
      birth. About half the lambs up to three weeks of age were free from larval
      tapeworms at autopsy; the rest had only a small number of cysts. Some of the
      lambs grazed on the pasture at or after five weeks of age, became heavily
      infected. The light infections in the very young lambs could have resulted from
      either a limited contact with eggs or from passively transferred antibody or,
      more likely, from a combination of these factors. The high cyst counts observed
      in some of the older lambs were consistent with the ingestion of eggs in
      clusters. The rise in the total cyst counts was concomitant with increasing
      pasture intake. The higher survival rates for the cysts found in the older rather
      than the younger animals were compatible with the waning before five weeks of age
      of colostrum-derived antibody.

PMID- 968191
TI  - Induction of pneumonia in gnotobiotic calves following inoculation of Mycoplasma
      dispar and ureaplasmas (T-mycoplasmas).
AB  - Cloned cultures of Mycoplasma dispar and of Ureaplasma sp were inoculated
      endobronchially into gnotobiotic calves. The resulting pneumonia was estimated to
      involve 2 to 10 per cent of the lung although no clinical signs were observed.
      The histopathological lesions consisted of infiltration with mononuclear cells,
      cuffing (peribronchiolar lympho-reticular hyperplasia), catarrhal bronchiolitis
      and atelectasis. The results indicate that both M dispar and Ureaplasma sp are
      capable of causing sub-clinical cuffing pneumonia in calves.

PMID- 968192
TI  - The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole against thiabendazole-resistant strains
      of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep.
AB  - The anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole (methyl 5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazole
      carbamate) was tested in sheep against standardised strains of Hcaemonchus
      contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, known to be resistant to
      thiabendazole (LD90 for thiabendazole against H ontortus was 200 mg/kg bodyweight
      and against T colubriformis was 150 mg/kg). Fenbendazole at dose rates of 5, 10
      and 20 mg/kg per os reduced total worm counts in H contortus infected sheep by
      66, 90 and 100 per cent respectively, with similar reductions recorded for worm
      egg outputs. For the thiabendazole resistant strain of T colubriformis,
      fenbendazole reduced total worm counts in infected sheep by 4, 44 (40-48), 79 (75
      83), 96 and 100 per cent at dose rates of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg per os.
      Significant suppression of worm-egg production by thiabendazole resistant T
      colubriformis was obtained with fenbendazole at dose levels of 5 mg/kg and above.
      The implications of these results are discussed in the light of the increasing
      occurrence of strains of trichostrongylid nematodes resistant to currently
      available benzimidazole anthelmintics.

PMID- 968193
TI  - Studies on the epidemiology of Uncinaria stenocephala infections in British
      greyhounds: seasonal availability of larvae on grass runs.
AB  - The numbers of Uncinaria stenocephala larvae on the grass in a small paddock used
      continually for exercising greyhounds followed the seasonal pattern associated
      with gastro-intestinal nematodes of ruminants, pigs and horses in Britain.
      Contamination persisted throughout the winter months but near-zero values were
      recorded in the early summer, followed by a rapid rise in mid-July to a peak
      level in September.

PMID- 968194
TI  - Detection of antibiotic residues in calf tissues.
AB  - Groups of calves were injected with penicillin, ampicillin or oxytetracycline and
      a variety of samples were taken from the calves when slaughtered and tested for
      the presence of antibiotic residues by microbiological assay. Diaphragm and urine
      samples were found to be suitable for measuring detectable levels of antibiotics
      in calves given therapeutic injections.

PMID- 968195
TI  - Auto-antibodies in ovine fascioliasis.
AB  - In sheep, low complement fixation (CP) and passive haemagglutinating (PH) auto
      antibody titres increased after primary and challenge infections with F hepatica,
      possibly to aid removal of tissue debris. Although the CF auto-antibodies were
      neither organ nor species specific and cross precipitating activity could be
      detected between sheep liver, kidney, lung and cattle and human livers with
      heterologous hyperimmune whole sheep liver anti-serum, sheep mitochondria do
      appear to contain an organ and species specific pH antigen.

PMID- 968196
TI  - In vitro maintenance of juvenile Fasciola gigantica and their use to establish
      infections in mice.
AB  - Studies on the growth of juvenile Fasciola gigantica in vitro on tissue culture
      feeder layers and their subsequent infectivity for mice have indicated that
      although no significant growth occurs in vitro the juveniles are not damaged
      physiologically for at least six weeks. Thus the in vitro system may be used with
      confidence in studies of the physiology of newly excysted flukes. Significantly
      more flukes became established in mice from an intraperitoneal injection of
      juveniles than from an oral infection of metacercariae. This may be due to
      inappropriate physicochemical conditions for excystment in the gut of the mouse.
      Early growth of flukes in mice occurred at a similar rate to that in cattle, so
      the mouse is probably a satisfactory model for studies on migration and
      establishment of F gigantica.

PMID- 968197
TI  - Functional recovery from spinal cord trauma following dexamethazone and
      chlorpromazine therapy in dogs.
AB  - The spinal cords of 20 normal dogs were exposed via dorsal laminectomies and
      damaged with a known impact force. Ten dogs were treated with dexamethazone and
      10 dogs with chlorpromazine for five days after surgery. The results showed that
      neither drug had a significantly beneficial effect on the functional recovery of
      the spinal cords, when compared to a control group of similarly traumatised dogs.

PMID- 968198
TI  - The lipid composition of cattle sebaceous glands: a comparison with skin surface
      lipid.
AB  - The lipid composition of isolated sebaceous glands from Ayrshire calves was
      compared with that of freshly secreted skin surface lipid. The sebaceous gland
      contained a higher proportion of phospholipid and unesterified fatty acid and a
      lower proportion of triglyceride; otherwise there was little difference in lipid
      composition between samples from the gland and the skin surface.

PMID- 968199
TI  - Effect of papain-induced emphysema on the distrubtion of pleural surface
      pressure.
AB  - Distribution of transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) at FRC, during spontaneous
      breathing, and during inflation of the relaxed respiratory system was studied in
      the supine, lateral and head-up postures after papain had been injected
      intratracheally into dogs. Functional and morphological changes of the lung
      resembling those of panlobular emphysema occurred in papain-treated dogs. In all
      postures the relationship between lung height and Ptp at FRC was steeper and
      shifted to the left of that obtaining for normal dogs. During artifical inflation
      changes of Ptp were larger in the dependent than in the upper lung and the
      vertical gradient of Ptp eventually disappeared, as observed in normal dogs.
      During spontaneous breathing changes of Ptp were uniform in the horizontal
      postures, but larger over the upper regions in the head-up posture; whereas they
      are uniform in all postures in normal dogs. From local Ptp values and lung P-V
      curve, distribution of specific lung volumes at FRC and ventilation during
      spontaneous breathing were assessed for both normal and papain-treated head-up
      dogs: the results agreed with those obtained using radioactive gases in normal
      and in elderly man or emphysematous subjects with no apparently localized
      lesions.

PMID- 968200
TI  - Fluid flow in the human foetal lung: a theoretical model.
AB  - A theoretical model is developed to predict pressure changes and velocity
      profiles within the foetal lung during its sporadic bursts of activity. Because
      of the small volume flow rates and relatively high frequencies, the linearised,
      unidirectional Navier-Stokes equations are used to calculate these values. About
      70% of the pressure drop occurs in the first four generations and is an order of
      magnitude higher than the equivalent Poiseuille pressure drop. Velocity profiles,
      pressure falls within each generation together with the total pressure drop at
      different times during the cycle are illustrated.

PMID- 968201
TI  - The effect of limb movements on the regulation of depth and rate of breathing.
AB  - In anesthetized dogs and rabbits passive or active limb movements (1) shifted to
      the left the relationship between tidal volume (Vt) and inspiratory time (Ti),
      (2) lowered the relationship between expiratory time (Te) and Ti and decreased
      its slope, and (3) increased the output to the inspiratory muscles (Vt/Ti). These
      effects increased with increasing the frequency of movements. Similar effects
      were obtained after vagotomy. When the stimulus was started during expiration. Te
      was shorted in spite of the previous unaffected Ti, Arterial PCO2 during exercise
      was similar (active movements) or below (passive movements) control value. Since
      other chemical and physical humoral factors do not seem involved, the whole
      increase of ventilation should be produced by neurogenic stimuli. The time course
      of Te, Ti and VT/Ti at the onset and at the offset of limb movements indicates an
      abrupt and a slow component in the neurogenic drive. A single contraction of the
      limb during expiration of inspiration affected the timing and the VT/Ti of 3-8
      breaths.

PMID- 968202
TI  - Effects of ambient pressures, He and Sf6 on O2 and CO2 transport in the avian
      egg.
AB  - The CO2 and O2 tnesions were determined in the air cells of 14-16 day old chicken
      eggs before and after transfer to a 21% O2 in He or SF6 atmosphere. In the former
      gas mixture the air-cell PCO2 (which reflects the arterialized blood PCO2) fell
      rapidly from 32 torr in air to 17 torr in He-O2 attaining a new steady state in 2
      4 h. In the SF6-O2 mixture PCO2 rose from 36 torr in a similar period. A similar
      PCO2 increase was also observed when eggs were compressed to 2 atm of air while
      exposure to 0.5 atm with a 40% O2-N2 mixture decreased PCO2. Since gas transport
      across the eggshell is by gas phase diffusion, these findings can be explained by
      the changes in the diffusion coefficient of CO2 which increase in the presence of
      He and decrease in SF6. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient is also inversely
      related to the absolute pressure. Quantitative prediction of the changes of PCO2
      in the He and SF6 mixture cannot be made, since the binary diffusion coefficients
      are not necessarily applicable in a ternary gas mixture. However, effective
      diffusion coefficients in these multicomponent mixtures can be derived on the
      basis of the observed PCO2 changes.

PMID- 968203
TI  - Ternary gas diffusion - in vitro studies.
AB  - The purpose of these experiments was to compare diffusive gas movement in a two
      gas system with that in a three-gas system. Gas mixtures of different
      compositions were placed initially on either side of a removable partition
      dividing a cylindrical lucite diffusion chamber, filled with 3 mm glass beads.
      This served to slow diffusion, minimize convective currents generated by removing
      the partition, and stabilize temperature within the chamber. In two-gas systems,
      after the partition was removed, oxygen equilibrated between the two parts of the
      chamber more rapidly in a helium environment than in a nitrogen environment,
      conforming with predictions based on binary gas laws. Results obtained with a
      three-gas system differed significantly from those obtained with the binary
      system. With 21% oxygen in belium initially in one half of the chamber and 21%
      oxygen in nitrogen in the other, PO2 rose transiently in the He-O2 side of the
      chamber. Qualitatively, similar results were obtained when the O2-N2 mixture was
      replaced by 100% nitrogen. Pressure in the system remained essentially constant.
      The possible mechanisms responsible for the PO2 rise were studied using a
      computer model of the system. This showed that movement of a given gas may be
      affected significantly by movement of other gases in the system. Hence,
      application of binary gas diffusion laws to systems containing more than two
      gases may lead to significant errors.

PMID- 968204
TI  - Airway occlusion pressures in awake and anesthetized goats.
AB  - The pressures generated by the inspiratory muscles as they contract isometrically
      during airway occlusion seem to be a measure of respiratory neuron efferent
      activity. The ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to increasing levels
      of CO2 were studied in goats, awake and anesthetized, with and without
      inspiratory flow resistance. Hypercapnia was produced by rebreathing. Randomly,
      during rebreathing, inspiratory airflow was prevented on single breaths.
      Ventilation and pressures developed during the first 100, 200, 300 and 400
      milliseconds of an inspiratory effort against a complete occlusion increased
      linearly with CO2 in both awake and anesthetized animals. Anesthesia reduced both
      the ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to CO2. Inspiratory resistance
      increased occlusion pressure responses in awake goats but not in the same animals
      when anesthetized. Inspiratory airflow resistance seems to augment respiratory
      efferent activity as reflected in the pressure responses only in conscious goats.
      Thus the response to an inspiratory resistance seems to depend on the state of
      consciousness.

PMID- 968205
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the fluctuating deafness in Meniere's disease].

PMID- 968206
TI  - [Toxicity of sodium salicylate on the guinea-pig labyrinth].

PMID- 968207
TI  - [Evaluation of the warm caloric test as a screening test].

PMID- 968208
TI  - [127 cases of primary clinical cervical metastatic adenopathies].

PMID- 968209
TI  - [Wegener's granulomatosis and medio-facial Stewart's granuloma].

PMID- 968210
TI  - [Facial nerve graft after total parotidectomy for epithelioma].

PMID- 968211
TI  - [Functional surgical rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients].

PMID- 968212
TI  - [Contribution of Professor Kutvirt, Czech otologist, to the translabyrinthic
      operation for acoustic neurinomas].

PMID- 968213
TI  - [Viruses in rheumatic diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 968214
TI  - [The rheumatoid rossette test in rheumatology (author's transl)].

PMID- 968215
TI  - [Contribution of synovial biopsy to the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 968216
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus simulating Hodgkins's disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 968217
TI  - [Nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of osteoarticular diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 968218
TI  - [A laboratory study of systemic lupus erythematosus according to "WHO" guide
      lines (author's transl)].

PMID- 968219
TI  - [Septic arthritis: a rheumatologic emergency (author's transl)].

PMID- 968220
TI  - [Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)].

PMID- 968221
TI  - [Raynaud's disease and phenomenon (author's transl)].

PMID- 968222
TI  - [Pathology of essential arterial hypertension].

PMID- 968223
TI  - [Arthroghaphy of the normal shoulder (author's transl)].

PMID- 968224
TI  - [Operated arteriovenous pulmonary fistula (author's transl)].

PMID- 968225
TI  - [Laboratory in thyroid's exploration (author's transl)].

PMID- 968226
TI  - [Analysis of the curriculum of a chilean medical school (author's transl)].

PMID- 968227
TI  - [Asthma induced by exercise].

PMID- 968228
TI  - [Pulmonary oxygen poisoning].

PMID- 968229
TI  - [Familial articular chondrocalcinosis in the Chiloe Islands (Chile) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 968230
TI  - [Survival of patients with gastric carcinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 968231
TI  - [Hitatal hernia: lower esophagus lined with metaplastic epithelium? (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 968232
TI  - [A clinical study of 107 pregnancies in 66 diabetic patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 968233
TI  - [Isolated hematuria in primary glomerulopathies (author's transl)].

PMID- 968234
TI  - [Hemoglobin C associated with beta thalasemia and familial eosinophilia: study of
      a Chilean kindred (author's transl)].

PMID- 968235
TI  - [Cirrhosis of the liver: study of 520 hospital deaths (author's transl)].

PMID- 968236
TI  - [Pyogenic arthritis of the hip: examples of misdiagnosis in the adult (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 968237
TI  - [Favus due to Trichophyton schoenleinii (author's transl)].

PMID- 968238
TI  - [A laboratory method for the control of diphenylhydantoin treatment (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 968239
TI  - [5 years of experience with upper digestive endoscopy in the Hospital Regional de
      Temuco].

PMID- 968240
TI  - [Treatment of primary tumors of the testicle].

PMID- 968241
TI  - [Health policy of the Chilean government (author's transl)].

PMID- 968242
TI  - [Remarks on emergency care].

PMID- 968243
TI  - [Gastric cancer].

PMID- 968244
TI  - [Cholelithiasis].

PMID- 968245
TI  - [Idiopathic cholestasis of pregnancy].

PMID- 968246
TI  - [Cirrhosis of the liver].

PMID- 968247
TI  - [Ethnic origin and evolution of the Chilean population].

PMID- 968249
TI  - [Geographical distribution of human genetic characteristics in Chile].

PMID- 968248
TI  - [Basic concepts of population genetics].

PMID- 968250
TI  - [Evolutionary forces in chilean population].

PMID- 968251
TI  - [Soil composition of some geographic zones in Chile].

PMID- 968252
TI  - [Contents and distribution of essential elements in Chilean plants and soil].

PMID- 968253
TI  - [General aspects of the epidemiology of chronic diseases in Chile].

PMID- 968254
TI  - [Feeding habits and nutrition education of the Chilean population].

PMID- 968255
TI  - [Toxic chemical and biological compounds as potential contaminants of Chilean
      foodstuffs].

PMID- 968256
TI  - [Wine production, chemical composition and consumption in Chile].

PMID- 968257
TI  - [Fertility rates in Chilean population: a sociologic approach].

PMID- 968258
TI  - [Quantitative determination of 1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine in hypopresol].

PMID- 968259
TI  - [Semisynthetic flavonoids. Note I. Rutoside compounds with diethylamine and
      morpholine].

PMID- 968260
TI  - [Is study of gastric secretion in clinical medicine a waste of time?].

PMID- 968261
TI  - [A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration and its retrospective
      classification by injecting the abnormal artery with contrast medium].

PMID- 968262
TI  - [Pure gonadal dysgenesis].

PMID- 968263
TI  - [Acute enterocolitis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica].

PMID- 968264
TI  - [Hyaline membrane disease].

PMID- 968265
TI  - [Toxico-septic shock, Round-table discussion. Jassy, 26 April, 1975].

PMID- 968266
TI  - [Understanding the mechanism of the natural antigenic variations of the virus as
      a key problem in the prevention of influenza].

PMID- 968267
TI  - [Aspects of respiratory normality in children 5-14 years of age in the Deleni
      district, Jassy].

PMID- 968268
TI  - [Residual lithiasis of the common bile duct. Clinical and therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 968269
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical considerations on vulvar cancer].

PMID- 968270
TI  - [Cerebral hemorrhage occurring in pregnancy].

PMID- 968271
TI  - [The pathogenesis of recurrent nerve paralysis].

PMID- 968272
TI  - Excess mortality, influenza epidemiological surveillance indicator.

PMID- 968273
TI  - [Sero-epidemiological studies in a focus of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 968274
TI  - [Current problems in the epidemiology of some enterobacterial infections].

PMID- 968275
TI  - [Immunobiological and biochemical changes caused by carbetox in rats].

PMID- 968276
TI  - [Chronic marginal periodontal diseases as the cause of dental pulp changes].

PMID- 968277
TI  - [Age of the patient and indications for ambulatory treatment of essential
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 968278
TI  - [Plant tissue cultures and possibilities of their use in pharmaceutical practice.
      Note VI. Study of some cultures in vitro of Pancratium hortuorum].

PMID- 968279
TI  - [Hemodynamic examination and monitoring at the patient's bedside].

PMID- 968280
TI  - [An unrecognized cause of exogenous infection in surgery].

PMID- 968281
TI  - [Physiological bases of balneotherapy. XI. Local application of peat at 48
      degrees C].

PMID- 968282
TI  - [A family with Steinert's myotonic dystrophy. A congenital form affecting only
      the daughters].

PMID- 968283
TI  - [Value of total and specific IgE globulin determination].

PMID- 968284
TI  - [Pathogenic role of saturated fatty acids in atherosclerosis. Viewpoint of the
      literature].

PMID- 968285
TI  - [A surgical case of calcified constrictive pericarditis].

PMID- 968286
TI  - [Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 968287
TI  - [Qualitative cytological analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 968288
TI  - [Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia].

PMID- 968289
TI  - [Instability of the knee in capsul-ligamet lesions of traumatic origin].

PMID- 968290
TI  - [Urine disorders].

PMID- 968291
TI  - [Consultations on renal colic].

PMID- 968292
TI  - [Consultations on male infertility].

PMID- 968293
TI  - [Place of cytology in the diagnosis of urologic diseases].

PMID- 968294
TI  - [54 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 968295
TI  - [Consultations on hematuria].

PMID- 968296
TI  - [Treatment of respiratory tract infections using Optimycin. Discussion on the
      criteria for evaluation].

PMID- 968297
TI  - [Progress in neurology].

PMID- 968298
TI  - [Sleep from the physiological and pharmacological viewpoints].

PMID- 968299
TI  - [The physician faced with the problem of insomnia].

PMID- 968300
TI  - [Case reports. 2 unusual cases].

PMID- 968301
TI  - [Chronic renal insufficiency. A review of various clinical and physiopathological
      concepts].

PMID- 968302
TI  - [Evaluation and supervision of chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 968303
TI  - [Is prevention of chronic renal insufficiency possible?].

PMID- 968304
TI  - [Reversible causes of chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 968305
TI  - [Medical treatment of chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 968307
TI  - [What can be expected from chronic hemodialysis?].

PMID- 968306
TI  - [When should mechanical therapy be instituted?].

PMID- 968308
TI  - [Home hemodialysis].

PMID- 968309
TI  - [Epidemiology and alcoholism among worker populations].

PMID- 968310
TI  - [Transcultural aspects of somatic complaints, Personality and social factors].

PMID- 968311
TI  - [Technic for an inflatable and releasable balloon in neurology. Experimental
      study. Application in man].
AB  - We consider our method with an inflatable and releasable balloon to be
      trustworthy and now applicable to the treatment of carotido-cavernous fistulas;
      it may not be possible in all cases to pass the ballon on through the fistula and
      inflate it in the cavernous sinus, but it seems to us so very important to
      preserve the carotid flow that we think that this should be achieved whenever
      possible. Certain arterial aneurysms could profit from this technique. We have
      purposely omitted all diagnostic application of the method which serbinenko has
      described in his article: selective opacifcation of certain branches of the
      internal carotid, deliberate temporary occlusion of certain branches to enable
      the amount of tolerance to be assessed. All these exploratory methods which we
      are beginning to carry out will form the subject of a later paper.

PMID- 968312
TI  - [Striato-nigral degeneration. A propos of 2 anatomo-clinical cases].
AB  - Two sporadic cases of striato-nigral degeneration were characterized by the onset
      at the age of 61 of an akinetic-hypertonic syndrome and of a minimal or absent
      rest tremor, with a pyramidal syndrome, sphincter disorders, dysphonia,
      difficulty in swallowing and an unfavorable development in the space of two or
      three years not affected by L-Dopa. In one case, total insomnia was demonstrated
      by means of 3 polygraphic recordings during the night, two of them consecutive,
      and aprobenecide test showed a definite fall in H.V.A. and 5 H.I.A.A. in the
      lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. Anatomical verification showed, in one case, isolated
      putamino-nigral degeneration, and in the other associated with lesions of the
      olivo-cerebellopontine system. Much of the excess pigmentation found only in the
      putamen was melanotic in character and resulted perhaps from the striato-nigral
      degeneration, making it possible to classify this more accurately among the other
      multisystem degenerations, especially olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy and Shy
      Drager syndrome

PMID- 968313
TI  - [Morphological aspects (optical and ultrastructural) of hypertrophy of the
      olivary bulb].
AB  - The present paper is an anatomical study of 3 cases which evolved with
      hypertrophy of the inferior olives: a case of zoster encephalitis, a multifocal
      leucoencephalopathy and a post-traumatic encephalopathy. In all three cases a
      relationship was demonstrated between the dentate nucleus and dento-olivary
      pathway - a relation of topical order in some instances - and the hypertrophic
      lesion of the inferior olive. Examination in the electron microscope revealed in
      the hypertrophic olivary cell not only dystrophic lesions but also progressive
      intracellular phenomena, such as maintenance of the Nissl bodies, multiplication
      of the mitochondria and especially marked proliferation of the neuro-filaments.
      This shows that, at least in some of the evolutive phases, hypertrophy of the
      inferior olives is based upon a real hypertrophy of the olivary cell. In
      addition, lesions of the glial system of the hypertrophic inferior olives were
      noted with the presence of osmiophil degeneration whose morphology clearly
      differed from that of Rosenthal's fibres.

PMID- 968314
TI  - [Meningeal arterio-venous fistulas with cortical venous drainage].
AB  - Pure dural arteriovenous fistulas are still not properly understood, and pose
      problems wich are far from being resolved. Among these, dural fistulas with
      cortical venous drainage represent a very special entity since they alone are
      expressed clinically by a neurological brain syndrome. Diagnosis is difficult and
      mistakes can be made as it is only by means of hyperselective arteriography of
      the branches of the external carotid that an accurate diagnosis can be made.
      However, their diagnosis assumes considerable importance since surgical or
      radiological treatment of hese fistulas brings about complete disappearance of
      clinical symptoms.

PMID- 968315
TI  - [Catecholaminergic axons in the human cerebral cortex. Observation by
      histofluorescence of cerebral biopsies in 2 cases of Alzheimer's disease].
AB  - Catecholamine axons have been visualized in human cerebral cortex obtained during
      routine neurosurgical operations. The fluorescence histochemical method of
      Lindvall et al. was used, slightly modified (calcium-deprived buffer, glyoxylic
      acid fixation followed by formaldehyde vapours exposition). The frontal cortex
      was more richely provided with catecholamine terminals than the parietal cortex.
      Two general types of axon morphology are evident. The most frequent is thin and
      sinous, sometimes forming clews, or loose basket-like arrangement around presumed
      nerve cells. The other one is moniliform and demonstrates spherical evenly-spaced
      varicosities. They look like, respectively, the well characterized dopaminergic
      and noradrenergic axons of the rat cerebral cortex. In two cases of Alzheimer's
      disease, noradrenergic-like fibers were missing and voluminous green-fluorescent
      varicosities, sometimes in obvious connection with typical axons, were observed
      in the proximity of senile plaques.

PMID- 968316
TI  - [Variations in local cerebral blood volume depending on the mean arterial blood
      pressure in man].
AB  - A radio isotopic technique is described to measure and monitor the cerebral blood
      volume during a controlled arterial hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside
      in anesthetised patients (neurolepanalgesia) submited to surgery for a ruptured
      saccular aneurysm. The study was made in 10 cases from 90 mm Hg to 30 mm Hg mean
      blood pressure monitored from a transducer connected to an intra humeral
      microcatheter. The figures obtained show an increase of the cerebral blood volume
      from 90 mm Hg to 50 mm Hg in every patient and a linear correlation when the
      pressure is lowered under 50 mm Hg level; therefore under a mean arterial
      pressure of 50 mm Hg the autoregulation arterial mechanism is out of work.

PMID- 968317
TI  - [The syndrome of compressed supra-scapular nerve. Frequently misdiagnosed tunnel
      neuropathy].

PMID- 968318
TI  - [Study on the intraspinal cord regeneration of sensory fibers sectioned in the
      posterior root of the cat].
AB  - In order to assess the potential ability for posterior column fibers to repair,
      cat sensory root fibers where their repair is known to be possible. Progress of
      the outgrowth of fibers into the spinal cord (posterior columns) was tested by
      observation of the animals, histological investigation of the roots, examination
      of the posterior columns on cross-section at various levels, and by
      electrological investigation of conduction from root to spinal cord. The results
      obtained indicate that repair of root fibers may continue into the spinal cord,
      both segmentally and all along the posterior columns. These results are discussed
      and compared with failure of repair of posterior column fibers after spinal cord
      section.

PMID- 968319
TI  - [Nosographic approach of heriditary myopathies. Attempt at classification and
      diagnosis by means of erythrocyte cholinesterase and serum pseudocholinesterase
      analysis].
AB  - An original biological study involving assessment of red cell cholinesterase and
      serum pseudo-cholinesterase activity has given the authors a new approach to the
      classification of progressive muscular dystrophy: as a result, it has become
      possible to isolate Duchenne dystrophy and the carries of this disease and to
      distinguish them from cases of Becker's disease. Also, Leyden-Mobius dystrophy
      appears to deserve the name as it differs from limb-girdle dystrophy. Finally,
      there is a case to be made for classifying separately, because of its special
      biological characteristics, Steinert's myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 968320
TI  - [Childhood aphasia with epilepsy. Remission with antiepileptic treatment].
AB  - The authors describe an example of an aphasic syndrome peculiar to children. This
      syndrome, which has previously been described by several authors, is
      characterized by an unusual form of aphasia, by its association with epileptic
      attacks, and by its onset in the absence of any apparent aetiology. In such
      cases, the effectiveness of anti-epileptic treatment on the aphasia is variable,
      often quite poor; on the other hand, in the case described in this report,
      administration of anti-epileptic treatment was followed by spectacular regression
      of the aphasia.

PMID- 968321
TI  - [Hodgkin's granuloma of the cerebral hemisphere. Apropos of one case].
AB  - With reference to a case of Hodgkin's granuloma of the frontal lobe, a review of
      the literature has enabled 8 similar cases of intra-cerebral localisation of this
      disease to be reclassified. Their mechanism is discussed on the basis of
      neuropathological data and in particular their development in situ. Excision of
      the lesion appears to be the treatment of choice.

PMID- 968322
TI  - [Editorial: Alpha-1-antitrypsin and chronic pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 968323
TI  - [Evaluation of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin using trypsin inhibition capacity (CIT).
      Modification of then and determination of normal values].

PMID- 968324
TI  - [Comparative study between the clinical course of operated patients by trancal
      vagotomy associated with conservative and partial gastrectomy in the treatment of
      duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 968325
TI  - [Sex chromatin of the oral mucosa: a normal control study].

PMID- 968326
TI  - [Agouti serum L-asparaginase (Dasyprocta). I. Immunochemical characterization of
      a partial purified enzymatic preparation].

PMID- 968327
TI  - [6 cases of endomyocardial fibrosis].

PMID- 968328
TI  - [Pancreatic ascites of severe course].

PMID- 968329
TI  - [Proteinuria. Characteristics of normal glomerular permeability in various
      nephropathies].

PMID- 968330
TI  - Agouti serum L-asparaginase. II. Chromatographic fractionation and
      characterization of the enzymatically active component.

PMID- 968331
TI  - Experimental chemotherapy of schistosomiasis. XI. Active derivatives of
      aminoethanethiols.

PMID- 968332
TI  - Symposium on specific therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: specific therapy in new
      conventional animal models.

PMID- 968333
TI  - Measurement in rehabilitation.

PMID- 968334
TI  - Specific therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 968335
TI  - Synovial fluid in the calf.
AB  - While awareness of synovial rupture of the knee joint confirmed by early
      arthrography increases, concomitant deep-vein occlusion may be being overlooked.
      Two cases of this are described, illustrating different mechanisms of venous
      occlusion by synovial rupture. Early thrombosis occurred in one patient from
      direct pressure as a result of haematoma following anticoagulant therapy and in
      another due to presumed external irritation of the vein. Although isolated bursae
      do not apparently rupture, tendon sheaths occasionally do. An example of lateral
      popliteal mononeuritis as a result of rupture of a tense peroneal tendon sheath
      is also given. Synovial rupture is primarily a clinical diagnosis but in selected
      cases, deep calf venography may be useful rather than arthrography. Almost a
      century ago, William Morrant Baker published his work on synovial protrusions
      showing his awareness of the consequences of free fluid in the calf. Some
      comments are made on his life and work.

PMID- 968336
TI  - Spinal changes in idiopathic chondrocalcinosis articularis.
AB  - The lumbar-spine radiographs of 67 patients with idiopathic chondrocalcinosis
      articularis were reviewed for disc calcification and other changes. Calcification
      was present in 21 (31%) of the patients, seen most frequently at the L 2-3 disc
      space. The 21 patients as a group were significantly older than the 46 patients
      without disc calcification, and also had a much higher incidence of
      chondrocalcinosis in peripheral joints. There was no association with back pain
      or spinal stiffness. The 21 patients with disc calcification included six
      patients with a destructive peripheral arthropathy, and three of them had
      destructive changes affecting the lumbar spine. Three patients with a destructive
      peripheral arthropathy were also included in the group without disc
      calcification, and one of these had a destructive arthritis of the lumbar spine.
      For comparison, there was a 55% incidence of spinal chondrocalcinosis in nine
      patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and peripheral joint chondrocalcinosis,
      and a 6% incidence in 100 anteroposterior lumbar spine radiograph 'controls',
      taken before intravenous urography, although in this latter group the changes
      were minimal and confined to the margin of a single disc in each case.

PMID- 968337
TI  - The great toe as a clinical problem in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two hundred consecutive in-patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined for
      pain or deformity of the feet, and of the great toe in particular. Some
      abnormality occured in 196 feet and the deformities observed are presented. The
      symptoms that arise from these deformities are mainly derived from ill-fitting
      shoes, and the need for suitable foot-wear is emphasized. Two hitherto un-named
      entities are described namely Hallux tortus and chisel toe, since they give rise
      to their own shoe-fitting problems.

PMID- 968338
TI  - The effects of antacids on enteric-coated salicylate preparations.
AB  - A volunteer study was undertaken in which the effect of the co-administration of
      therapeutic doses of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate on the
      excretion of aspirin derived from enteric-coated preparations was studied. A
      significant alteration in the pattern of salicylate excretion was seen, but the
      mechanism of the interaction cannot be deduced from the present study. It was
      concluded that the interaction was of potential therapeutic importance, and
      further studies based on this pilot investigation have been initiated.

PMID- 968339
TI  - Muscle strength before and after menisectomy: a comparison of methods of post
      operative management.
AB  - In patients who have undergone menisectomy, isometric strength of the extensor
      and flexor muscles of the knee improves more rapidly when flexion exercises are
      encouraged. Immobilizing the knee joint in a back-slab and restricting the
      patient to static bracing of the quadriceps delays the recovery of strength,
      particularly in the more flexed positions of the knee joint.

PMID- 968340
TI  - The effect of rheumatoid arthritis on the social situation of housewives.
AB  - Thirty-seven housewives treated in hospital for rheumatoid arthritis were
      investigated with particular reference to their husbands' reactions. Although
      most patients had 'accepted' the disease, many were distressed by both the
      physical aspects of it (tiredness, pain and limitation of activities) and by the
      psychological aspects (guilt, fear of being a burden, and not understanding the
      disease). In 70% it was felt that their husbands understood the disease, but half
      the patients had difficulties in coping with the anxiety of their husbands. Those
      whose arthritis had developed before marriage fared better in terms of fear of
      losing their independence, understanding the disease, guilt feelings, adjustment
      to the disease, their husbands' understanding and friction in the home. Patients
      with milder disease were more anxious, but experienced the greater understanding
      of their husbands. Help was required in enabling the patients to cope with their
      fears, to manage practically, and to deal with the anxiety of their husbands.
      Help in coping with the fears and in allaying the anxiety of their husbands was
      most required in those with mild disease and those in whom it had progressed to
      become socially disabling, but without confining the patients to their homes.

PMID- 968341
TI  - Symposium on measurement in rehabilitation. Introduction: Methods available so
      far.

PMID- 968342
TI  - The Northwick Park Hospital stroke rehabilitation study.

PMID- 968343
TI  - Measurement of progress after lower limb fracture.

PMID- 968344
TI  - Assessment of disability after head injury.

PMID- 968345
TI  - Measurement of psychological factors in chronic illness.

PMID- 968346
TI  - A new system for evaluating quadriceps muscle force.

PMID- 968347
TI  - Application of visual-analogue scales to the measurement of functional capacity.
AB  - Visual-analogue scales can be used to measure the subjective aspect of functional
      ability but, in a group of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis, the
      severity of impairment of two predetermined functional tests was low in
      comparison with the severity of pain. Measurements of the ability to carry out
      these two functions, using visual-analogue and descriptive scales, and also using
      the time taken to perform the tasks, were not useful measures of the
      effectiveness of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Poor correlations were
      obtained between different measures of the same function and between different
      functions measured in the same way.

PMID- 968348
TI  - The assessment of the value of health visitors in the rehabilitation team.

PMID- 968349
TI  - Measurement in shoulder problems.

PMID- 968350
TI  - Ankle loading and football boots.

PMID- 968351
TI  - Visual-analogue pain scales in the rehabilitation department.

PMID- 968352
TI  - Measurement in rehabilitation.

PMID- 968353
TI  - Development of models for penicillamine-like drugs.

PMID- 968354
TI  - D-Penicillamine does not have a lathyritic effect on the rheumatoid synovium.

PMID- 968355
TI  - Cyclophosphamide, gold and penicillamine--disease-modifying drugs in rheumatoid
      arthritis--tailored dosage and ultimate success.
AB  - Gold appears to be the disease-modifying drug of first choice for two reasons:
      response and absence of long-term toxicity. Although cyclophosphamide produces
      results as good or better than gold, the possible long-term toxicity outweighs
      the clinical benefit except in the unusual case. Penicillamine appears to be an
      acceptable drug of second choice.

PMID- 968356
TI  - Chloroquine: a review.

PMID- 968357
TI  - The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and the mode of action of various drugs:
      an hypothesis.

PMID- 968358
TI  - [Content of some mineral components in winter wheat in relation to mineral
      fertilizer addition and the place of growing].

PMID- 968359
TI  - [Availability of amino acids from casein proteins subjected to heating under
      model conditions].

PMID- 968360
TI  - [Toxicity of phenylmercuric acetate in chickens. II. Effects of repeated
      administration of phenylmercuric acid on morphological changes in chicken kidney
      and liver and the level of some serum enzymes].

PMID- 968361
TI  - [Content of nitrites and nitrates in Polish meat products].

PMID- 968362
TI  - [Use of gas chromatography in the evaluation of an enzymatic method evolved for
      the determination of organic-phosphorous insecticide residues in fruits and
      vegetables].

PMID- 968363
TI  - [Separation and detection of triphenylmethane dyes in cosmetics by the thin layer
      chromatography method].

PMID- 968364
TI  - [Direct lead determination in imported fruit juices by the colorimetric method].

PMID- 968365
TI  - [Determination of some new preserving agents in cosmetics by the thin layer and
      gas chromatography].

PMID- 968366
TI  - [Metabolism of an enolophosphate insecticide (IPO-63) in the body of laboratory
      animals].

PMID- 968367
TI  - [Activity of synthetic juvenile hormone analogs].

PMID- 968368
TI  - [Psychomotor efficiency and attention in school children under different acoustic
      conditions].

PMID- 968369
TI  - [Hygienic effects of frequently playrooms on 1st grade pupils in elementary
      schools].

PMID- 968370
TI  - [Developmental age and growth of girls from areas with high atmospheric air
      pollution in Silesia].

PMID- 968371
TI  - [Axial computer tomography of the brain].
AB  - Computertized tomography of the brain, developed by Hounsfield - has decisively
      altered neuroradiologic procedures. Without the need of contrast media, cerebral
      structures (ventricles cisternes, sulci and physiological calcifications) and
      pathologic lesions (infarctions, hemorrhage, edema, tumors and malformations) may
      be visualized. Tumors can be diagnosed in 95 to 99% by this method. Tumors of the
      midline structures and of the posterior fossa are more easily detected than by
      conventional methods. In head injuries epidural and subdural hematoma,
      contusional edema and hemorrhage may be differentiated. Hydrocephalus externus
      and internus can be shown by computertized tomography. Probably computertized
      tomography will become the most frequently applied neuroradiological method in
      the future.

PMID- 968372
TI  - [The value of xeroradiography for preoperative diagnosis of malignant disease of
      the thyroid].

PMID- 968373
TI  - [Surgery of gastric and duodenal ulcer].
AB  - The variety of surgical techniques to deal with gastric and duodenal ulcers has
      been increased by non-resecting methods (truncular, selective, selective proximal
      vagotomy with or without pyloroplasty). Selective proximal vagotomy has proved
      its worth in uncomplicated chronic duodenal ulcer. Additional drainage is needed
      when there is pyloric stenosis. In 309 patients of the surgical department of
      Cologne-Lindenthal in the years 1970 to June 1975 selective proximal vagotomy for
      chronic duodenal ulcer had an operative mortality of 0.7%. 1-5 years later 88% of
      patients had no recurrence. The main cause of recurrence is incomplete vagotomy
      which could be avoided by the routine intra-operative use of the
      electrostimulator of Burge. In chronic gastric ulcer removal of the ulcer is
      needed because of the danger of malignant degreneration. Two third resection is
      the standard technique. In patients at risk vagotomy, pyloroplasty and excision
      of the ulcer are indicated.

PMID- 968374
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of retrograde jejunogastric invagination following
      gastrectomy].
AB  - Retrograde jejunogastric invagination is a rare late complication of operations
      on the stomach. Clinically signs and symptoms (colic-like upper abdominal pain,
      cyclindrical resistance and hematemesis) resemble that of high ileus. This
      complication, when wrongly interpreted or unknown, has a high mortality. One case
      following delivery shows the radiologic signs.

PMID- 968375
TI  - [Localisation of mammographic findings, suspect of malignancy but not palpable,
      and their histologic patterns].
AB  - A technique of marking non-palpable changes in mammograms for the surgeon is
      described. The suspected area is injected with contrast medium and patent blue.
      The radiologist can assess the exact site and the surgeon can recognize it at
      operation. Radiographs of the specimen removed can make sure whether the suspect
      area was removed. There were 13 preclinical cancers, 2 cancers in site, 1
      sclerosing adenosis, 1 proliferating mastopathy, and 66 fibrous or fibrocytic
      mastopathies. Among contrast media Urografin 76% appears the best because of its
      sufficient contrast density and complete reabsorbtion. So far there have been no
      serious complications

PMID- 968376
TI  - [Orbital phlebography].
AB  - For the diagnosis of intra- and retro-orbital processes, orbital phlebography
      occupies a key position whereas carotid arteriography visualizing the ophthalmic
      artery has only a limited diagnostic value for the assessment of absolute intra
      orbital processes. Use of subtraction method and magnification technique brought
      essential improvement to the vessel representation of the orbit. Combination of
      these techniques in connection with computerized axial tomography (EMI-Scanner),
      as a rule, allows localization and identification of intraorbital space-occupying
      processes without difficulty.

PMID- 968377
TI  - [Important radiologic findings following blunt thoracic trauma (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In patients suffering from traffic accidents traumatic lesions of the chest are
      of special importance since in  50% of deaths the thoracic trauma is responsible
      for the final outcome. The fatal course is, however, not always due to severe and
      irreparable dammage to thoracic organs, but very often due to under-estimation of
      initial symptoms and thus inadequate treatment. For the proper diagnosis of
      traumatic lesions of the thorax the plain film of the chest is, therefore,
      fundamentally important. In this paper, which is mainly dealing with lesions of
      the airways and lungs, the significance of radiological symptoms is stressed and
      a correlation with pathophysiologic as well as histologic data is attempted.

PMID- 968378
TI  - [Diagnostic radiology in the field of traumatology (author's transl)].
AB  - Diagnostic radiology is important for casualty surgery. Evaluation of the
      valuable radiological indications presupposes knowledge of and experience in
      tactical and technical procedures. Knowledge of the biochemical processes, in the
      area of a fracture is also essential. The most important criteria were briefly
      presented.

PMID- 968379
TI  - [The value of ossovenography in advanced female genital carcinoma. A contribution
      to diagnosis of combined obstructive edema (author's transl)].
AB  - The pertrochanteric ossovenography brought important results on the etiology of
      combined obstructive edema of the lower limb after genital carcinoma. Its
      advantage in comparison with other methods of phlebography is the lack of embolic
      danger for the patient, its suitability even in thrombosis of the V. femoralis
      and the optimal contrast staining of venous system and anastomoses. The combined
      obstructive edema is characterized by a block of pelvic veins and a complete or
      incomplete block of lymph vessels. The combined obstructive edema depends only on
      the venous block as is demonstrated. A report on therapy and prognosis of 30
      cases is given.

PMID- 968380
TI  - [Bilateral breast cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - The frequency of bilateral primary (simultaneous and nonsimultaneous) breast
      cancer in 1420 patients was reported. The number of cases of bilateral breast
      cancer not caused by metastases amounted to 1,75%. The problems and significance
      of follow-up checks was discussed.

PMID- 968381
TI  - [Current picture and perspectives of group practice].

PMID- 968382
TI  - [Psychological and practical problems of a young doctor before choosing group
      practice].

PMID- 968383
TI  - [Legal structure and taxation].

PMID- 968384
TI  - [Financial problems of the G.I.P.S (Professional Group Health Services),
      insurance contracts].

PMID- 968385
TI  - [General practice group. The medical clinic of Ternay].

PMID- 968386
TI  - [Group medicine in private practice. Definitive experience of the Saint-Remi
      multidisciplinary group at Reims].

PMID- 968387
TI  - [Specific problems of a multiprofessional health team].

PMID- 968388
TI  - [Health centers. Clinical and diagnostic methods therapeutic evolution and
      indications].

PMID- 968389
TI  - ["La Feuilleraie" multiclinic: an example of team medicine. Managed by the Mutual
      Departmental Union of Workers of Bouches-du-Rhones].

PMID- 968390
TI  - [Villeneuve health mutual center of Grenoble in search of a new practice].

PMID- 968391
TI  - [Municipal medicosocial centers of Seine-Saint-Denis].

PMID- 968392
TI  - [Point of view of a young doctors. Why choose a salaried practice?].

PMID- 968393
TI  - [Development of group practice].

PMID- 968394
TI  - [American analysis of group practice].

PMID- 968395
TI  - [Health economics and general practice. Survey of the preventive health center of
      Nancy-Vandoeuvre].

PMID- 968396
TI  - [Air pollution. Definition: measurement and its purpose].

PMID- 968397
TI  - [The role of air pollution in infectious pulmonary disease].

PMID- 968398
TI  - [Defining objectives of medical teaching. Why? How?].

PMID- 968399
TI  - [Educational difficulties characteristic of the P.C.E.M].

PMID- 968401
TI  - [Teaching in a hospital: realities and prospects].

PMID- 968400
TI  - [How to help students to learn?].

PMID- 968402
TI  - [Methods of checking knowledge].

PMID- 968403
TI  - [Final examination in medical education].

PMID- 968404
TI  - [Lipoprotein lipase or "clearing factor"].

PMID- 968405
TI  - [Obesity: general data].

PMID- 968406
TI  - [Normal regulation of body weight and its neurophysiological mechanism].

PMID- 968407
TI  - [Endocrinic-metabolic consequences and complications of obesity. Their relation
      to the anatomical distribution of fat].

PMID- 968408
TI  - [Mechanical and cardiovascular complications of obesity].

PMID- 968409
TI  - [Treatment of adult obesity. Critical study of what not to do].

PMID- 968410
TI  - [Psychological approach to the obese woman. The role of motivation].

PMID- 968411
TI  - [Is surgical treatment of major and recurrent obesity justified?].

PMID- 968412
TI  - [Technic of measurement of fat mass].

PMID- 968413
TI  - [Studies of the central nervous pathogenesis and classification of spasmophilic
      syndromes].

PMID- 968414
TI  - Ataxia telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome).

PMID- 968415
TI  - On the correlation between the clinical and morphological findings in cases of
      benign pseudodystrophic forms of muscular atrophy.

PMID- 968416
TI  - Visual projections to the hypothalamus, postero-medial thalamic nuclei and
      anterior  third of lateral gyrus in normal animals and in animals with
      bilaterially extirpated cortical visual areas.

PMID- 968417
TI  - Ultrastructural and histochemical aspects in cerebral ceroid lipofuscinosis of
      the Jansky-Bielschowsky type. A case report and a review of the literature.

PMID- 968418
TI  - Some considerations on transsexualism.

PMID- 968419
TI  - The Shy-Drager syndrome. Anatomo-clinic study of a case.

PMID- 968420
TI  - Objectification of cerebrovascular changes in cases with presumptive diagnosis of
      arteriosclerotic pseudoneurasthenia.

PMID- 968421
TI  - Disturbances of cerebral vascular dynamics produced in the cat on an ischemic
      hypoxic background. Note I. Histologic, capillary-morphometric and biochemical
      data.

PMID- 968422
TI  - A multidisciplinary approach of the psycho-somatic involution syndrome.

PMID- 968423
TI  - Motor and sensory conduction velocity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth
      disease exposed to carbon disulphide.

PMID- 968424
TI  - [State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, population survey from 1970-1975].

PMID- 968425
TI  - [Epidemiological study of tetanus in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

PMID- 968426
TI  - [Risk of tuberculosis infection in the community of the interior of the State of
      Sao Paulo, and its implications].

PMID- 968427
TI  - [Tetanus and antitetanus vaccination: a study of the urban population of Londrina
      (PR), Brazil].

PMID- 968428
TI  - [Bacteriological antituberculosis survey: preliminary study for its application
      in a community of Sao Paulo (Brazil)].

PMID- 968429
TI  - [A model of socioeconomic analysis: its construction and results].

PMID- 968430
TI  - [Public health laboratories in the health programs].

PMID- 968431
TI  - [Social services: objectives, functions and activities of a health unit].

PMID- 968432
TI  - [Maternal height and birth weight of the infant].

PMID- 968433
TI  - [Hospital infections in the province of Araraquara, SP (Brazil)].

PMID- 968434
TI  - [Human resources in public health].

PMID- 968435
TI  - [Interdisciplinary training at the school of Public Health of the University of
      Sao Paulo: a preparation for multiprofessional team work].

PMID- 968436
TI  - [Serologic study of the New Jersey /8/76 strain among the Brazilian population.
      Preliminary note].

PMID- 968437
TI  - Construction and performance of a scanning, photon-counting spectrofluorometer.

PMID- 968438
TI  - Measurement of very short fluorescence lifetimes by single-photon counting.

PMID- 968439
TI  - Automatic conductimetric instrument for kinetic studies of photochemical
      ionization reactions in solution.

PMID- 968440
TI  - Notes on African carpet vipers, Echis carinatus, E. leucogaster, and E. ocellatus
      (Viperidae, Serpentes).

PMID- 968441
TI  - [Ixodes ricinus, experimental vector of 3 species of Babesia (B. bovis, B.
      berbera, and B. argentina)].

PMID- 968442
TI  - Autophagia in myeloid precursors: an explanation for neutropenia in Chediak
      Higashi syndrome?
AB  - Neutropenia is an almost constant feature of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS).
      There is evidence for a central mechanism of neutropenia. Ultrastructural studies
      of the bone marrow from a child with CHS showed marked autophagic phenomena
      within myeloid precursor cells and mature neutrophils. Autophagic vacuoles were
      randomly distributed in the cytoplasm of the cells from the granulocytic series
      and some of them contained giant granules which thus appeared particularly
      resistant to the autophagic process. The vital cellular damage through
      endophagocytosis suggests the possibility of intramedullary destruction as an
      explanation for neutropenia.

PMID- 968443
TI  - Plasma iron and erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase activity. A possible
      mechanism for oxidative haemolysis in iron deficiency anemia.
AB  - The red cell glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of 9 normal subjects is
      compared with that of 15 cases of iron deficiency anaemia and with 13 cases of
      heterozygous beta-thalassemia with the same degree of anaemia and hypochromia. 2
      cases of sideroblastic anaemia with high serum iron levels were also examined.
      Enzymatic activity was found to be significantly decreased in iron deficiency
      anaemia (about 55% of normal range), while it was not affected in heterozygous
      beta thalassaemia and it was increased in the 2 cases of sideroblastic anaemia.
      Moreover, GSH-Px activity exhibited a significant correlation with serum iron
      levels in all the patients studied. The observed modifications in GSH-Px activity
      are not correlated with erythrocyte ageing because reticulocyte-poor fractions
      exhibited GSH-Px activity which was not significantly reduced in respect of the
      reticulocyte-rich ones. These data seem to suggest that iron has a crucial
      connection with erythrocyte GSH-Px and that the enzyme deficiency may be of some
      importance in explaining the decreased red cell survival observed in severe iron
      deficiency anaemias.

PMID- 968444
TI  - Effect of hyperlipidaemic diet and clofibrate treatment on rat erythrocyte
      lipids.
AB  - Lipids of rat plasma and erythrocytes were analysed during hyperlipidaemic diet
      and clofibrate treatment. The diet increased the plasma cholesterol and
      phospholipid concentrations after 3 weeks' lipid feeding. Clofibrate in a dose of
      200 mg/kg body weight did not inhibit the increase in plasma cholesterol and
      phospholipid contents, but significantly decreased the concentration of plasma
      triglycerides. The lipid diet slightly increased the erythrocyte cholesterol and
      phospholipid concentrations without affecting the red cell morphology or
      reticulocytosis. After 1 week's treatment, clofibrate in a dose of 200 mg/kg body
      weight caused a 2-fold increase in the cholesterol content and a rise in the
      cholesterol-phospholipid ratio of red blood cells of rats fed the hyperlipidaemic
      diet. These results suggest that the erythrocyte cell membrane can increase its
      cholesterol content and possibly play a role in cholesterol transport.

PMID- 968445
TI  - Autoradiographic evidence for reutilization of DNA catabolites by
      granulocytopoiesis in the rat.
AB  - The proliferating granulocyte precursor pool of rat bone marrow was labelled
      during DNA synthesis by continuous infusion and by single injection of 3H
      thymidine (3H-TdR), as well as by single injection of 125I-iododeoxyuridine (125I
      UdR). The appearance of neutrophilic granulocytes in the blood stream after these
      various labelling procedures was studied by autoradiography. Labelling patterns
      of blood neutrophils were identical during continuous infusion and after single
      injection of 3H-TdR, and 100% labelling of the blood compartment was achieved.
      This result indicated reutilization of DNA catabolites to occur in
      granulocytopoiesis leading to continuous availability of 3H-labelled DNA
      precursors even after a single injection of 3H-TdR. Attempts to suppress
      reutilization of label by infusion of cold thymidine 1 h after injection of 3H
      TdR were unsuccessful. However, a change in the labelling pattern of blood
      neutrophils was seen after single injection of 125I-UdR, a DNA precursor poorly
      reutilized in comparison to 3H-TdR. This result provided further evidence for
      reutilization of DNA catabolites by the cell system investigated. A comprehensive
      discussion of the results indicates that thymidinemonophosphate is the
      biochemical level of reutilization in granulocytopoiesis.

PMID- 968446
TI  - Testicular function after radiotherapy to inverted 'Y' field for malignant
      lymphoma.
AB  - Testicular function was estimated by sperm counts, hormone assays and recording
      of reported conceptions in 9 patients irradiated for malignant lymphoma. The
      treatment had been an inverted 'Y' field including the inguinal regions with, in
      addition, a mantle field in 8 patients. Azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia was
      found in all but 1 patient, and the FSH levels were uniformly elevated.
      Testosterone and LH were within normal limits except in 2 patients with slightly
      subnormal testosterone levels. 7 of the patients were married to women of fertile
      age, and in 3 cases the wife became pregnant and give birth to a healthy child.
      The time lapses from irradiation to conception were 18, 40 and 57 months. 2 of
      these patients had severe oligozoospermia on examination 2 and 4 months
      respectively from conception. Thus fertility may possibly be underestimated by
      sperm counting and hormone assays after this type of radiotherapy.

PMID- 968447
TI  - The measurement of 59Fe clearance from the plasma.

PMID- 968448
TI  - Chromosome studies in untreated polycythaemia vera.
AB  - Bone marrow chromosomes were studied in a series of 50 consecutive, unselected
      cases of untreated polycythaemia vera (PV). A pathological cell line was present
      in 7 patients (= 14%). 3 patients each had 1 extra chromosome no. 8 and 1 extra
      no. 9. 2 patients had a similar but not identical marker chromosome including
      material from the long arms of chromosome no. 1. 1 of these patients also had a
      20q- deletion. 1 patient had an extra unidentified isochromosome. 1 patient had a
      monosomy 16. In 5 cases the abnormal clone dominated over cells with normal
      karyotype. In each of 6 patients a singular hyperdiploid cell was observed. 1 or
      several polyploid or randomly hypodiploid cells were found in most patients. The
      findings in our material are compared to other reports of chromosome studies in
      PV and allied disorders. Except for the 20q- deletion no abnormality typical for
      PV has so far been detected, but some chromosomes seem to be involved more often
      than others (1, 8, 9, 20). Patients with chromosome aberrations did not show any
      clinical, laboratory or morphologic features which could separate them from cases
      with normal karyotypes. The prognostic significance of the chromosome
      abnormalities encountered in early PV cannot be defined at present.

PMID- 968449
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities after chlorambucil therapy of polycythaemia vera.
AB  - Bone marrow chromosomes were studied in 2 patients with polycythaemia vera (PV)
      at the time of diagnosis and several times subsequently during therapy with
      chlorambucil. Both patients were normal in the initial study, but later developed
      pathological diploid cell lines with structural chromosome abnormalities. Case 1
      presented after 25 months of myelosuppressive therapy a deletion of chromosome
      no. 12, del (12) (p11), in 60% of the diploid cells. 10 months later all studied
      cells in the marrow contained this deletion. In addition, the deletion of
      chromosome no. 20, described as characteristic for PV, was found in 3 cells. Case
      2 demonstrated after 40 months on chlorambucil the presence of a balanced
      translocation, t (1;5) (p36;q31) in 90% of the cells. In none of the patients
      were any definite clinical, laboratory or morphological signs of an approaching
      leukaemic transformation of the polycythaemic disorder present.

PMID- 968450
TI  - Platelet function and plasma free fatty acids during acute myocardial infarction
      and severe angina pectoris.
AB  - The relationship between platelet function and plasma free fatty acid
      concentration has been studied serially during the initial 24 h in 11 patients
      suffering from acute myocardial infarction and in 5 patients with severe angina
      pectoris, Similar results were obtained in the 2 groups. Plasma free fatty acid
      concentration was initially high, and decreased significantly. The distribution
      of plasma free fatty acids remained unchanged. Platelet concentration was
      constant, whereas the percentage of reversible venous platelet aggregates
      initially was higher than in 11 healthy persons matched for age and sex. Platelet
      aggregates decreased transiently at 16 h. Venous reversible platelet aggregates
      correlated significantly with concentration of plasma free fatty acid, thus
      establishing a possible link between a change in lipid metabolism and platelet
      function. Plasma concentration of platelet factor 4 increased slightly but
      significantly during the initial hours. This may indicate an increased platelet
      release reaction.

PMID- 968451
TI  - The peripheral platelet count in response to intravenous infusion of
      isoprenaline.
AB  - 5 healthy male volunteers received i.v. infusions of isoprenaline in doses of
      0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 mug X kg-1 X min-1 over a period of 6 min. A statistically
      significant decrease in the peripheral platelet count was obtained, but no dose
      response-curve for isoprenaline was observed. It is suggested that while an i.v.
      infusion of epinephrine causes a release of platelets from the exchangeable
      splenic platelet pool, isoprenaline might have the opposite effect on the spleen,
      thereby causing a decrease of platelets in the peripheral blood.

PMID- 968452
TI  - Fasting (acute energy deprivation) in man: effect on polymorphonuclear
      granulocyte functions, plasma iron and serum transferrin.
AB  - The effect of 10 days of total fasting (energy deprivation) on blood
      polymorphonuclear granulocyte functions, leukocyte numbers, iron and transferrin
      levels was evaluated in 14 healthy, normal-weight males. Granulocytes from 7 of
      the subjects were tested in vitro. A statistically significant depression was
      noted in their bactericidal capacity against Staph. aureus. The 14 subjects
      showed a marked decrease in the stainable activity of granulocyte alkaline
      phosphatase and decreases were noted in plasma iron and serum transferrin levels.
      The iron saturation of serum transferrin was unchanged. Thus, impairment of
      granulocyte bactericidal functions may occur secondarily to short-term total
      energy deprivation, in the absence of iron deficiency.

PMID- 968453
TI  - Bone marrow metastases from prostatic cancer-marked cytolytic effect after only a
      few days of treatment with diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - A 42-year-old male patient became hospitalized with severe back pain and marked
      bleeding tendency from disseminated intravascular coagulation. The bone marrow
      aspirate showed numerous nests of cancer cells presumably from a prostatic
      carcinoma. After only 4 days of treatment with diethylstilbestrol his condition
      was markedly improved, and a new bone marrow aspirate showed extensive necrosis
      of the cancer cells.

PMID- 968454
TI  - Unclassified haemolytic anaemia with splenomegaly and erythrocyte cation
      abnormalities--a disease of the spleen?
AB  - An unclassified case of haemolytic anaemia with voluminous splenomegaly is
      reported. This anaemia was normocytic without any specific morphologic aspect of
      red blood cells (RBC); Coombs test was negative; the osmotic fragility was
      normal; the increased autohaemolysis was not affected by the presence of glucose;
      Hb studies were normal; no RBC enzyme deficiency was found; RBC lipids and
      membrane proteins were normal; there was a marked reduction in RBC survival with
      exclusive splenic uptake of erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, RBC cations and
      water content were abnormal: 1) the RBC water was decreased moderately; 2) the
      RBC sodium was about twice the normal mean with an increased 22Na turn-over; 3)
      the RBC potassium was markedly reduced and 42K influx was twice the normal mean;
      4) the RBC calcium content was increased. Splenectomy was followed by rapid
      disappearance of haemolysis and RBC water and cation disturbances. Because of
      this extremely rapid disappearance after splenectomy the authors suggest this
      case of haemolytic anaemia could be a primary disease of the spleen.

PMID- 968455
TI  - Serial serum enzyme studies in infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Serial examinations of the white cells in the blood and serial determinations of
      serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and serum lactic dehydrogenase
      (LDH) isoenzymes have been performed in 36 patients with seropositive infectious
      mononucleosis. The first blood sample taken after the onset of the disease showed
      an increased number of mononuclear cells in the blood in 90% of the cases,
      elevated GOT level in 70% and elevated LDH level in 100%. Mainly isoenzymes I, II
      and III accounted for the elevated LDH values, while only 35% of the patients had
      increased LDH V (liver fraction). The number of mononuclear cells in the blood
      was normalized in all patients after 5 weeks and GOT normalized after 10 weeks.
      On the other hand, half of the patients had increased LDH, particularly
      isoenzymes I, II, and III, 4 months after the onset of the disease. The results
      indicate that the liver involvement probably is slight and of short duration,
      while the proliferation of lymphoid cells in the tissues, probably responsible
      for the main part of the LDH increase, continues for a considerably longer
      period.

PMID- 968456
TI  - The dilemma of partially treated bacterial meningitis.
AB  - An analysis of 62 patients with pyogenic meningitis is presented, 23 (37%) of
      whom had received pre-diagnosis antibiotic therapy. Positive bacteriological
      identification could be achieved in 73% of the partially treated group as opposed
      to 97% in the previously untreated group but otherwise such pre-treatment made
      little impact on the diagnosis, characteristic cerebrospinal fluid changes
      sufficient for diagnostic purpose being present in all but one case. The study
      also fails to demonstrate any advantage of immunoelectroosmophoresis over
      conventional bacteriology in the problem cases of partially treated bacterial
      meningitis.

PMID- 968457
TI  - The occurrence of human intestinal parasites in Finland.
AB  - A survey of the occurrence of intestinal parasites covered 243 inmates of
      institution for the mentally retarded, 537 hospital patients from 4 areas, 100
      military servicemen, and 65 prisoners. Two faecal samples from each patient were
      examined by the formalin-ether concentration technique. Among the mentally
      retarded the prevalence of intestinal parasites was high, 41.3% among children
      and 51.5% among adults. The commonest parasite was Entamoeba coli. In Helsinki,
      the prevalence among children in hospital was only 7%, but among adult out
      patients, 18.9%. Among hospital patients in other areas, military servicemen, and
      prisoners in Helsinki the prevalence of intestinal parasites was low. The high
      prevalence of this protozoon, 14.8% among adult out-patients in Helsinki,
      probably reflects the increase in tourism. Four cases of Trichuris infection were
      detected among the mentally retarded.

PMID- 968458
TI  - Gentamicin-induced nephropathy.
AB  - 162 consecutive gentamicin courses have been evaluated retrospectively with
      respect to nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM). Of these, 120 courses were
      administered in 106 patients for more than 2 days and under adequate control of
      plasma creatinine (PCr). In 62 of these 120 courses, PCr concentrations
      increased. In 17 courses (14%), GM therapy was found to be the only demonstrable
      etiology to the rise in PCr. The 17 courses with GM-induced reduction in kidney
      function were characterized by a prolonged duration of treatment, a high total
      dose of GM and a somewhat higher level of serum GM than the 58 courses of GM
      treatment in which PCr remained unchanged. No significant differences were found
      with regard to age, average daily dose of GM, average daily dose per kg and
      average daily dose in proportion to average diuresis. Additional administration
      of other nephrotoxic drugs did not increase the incidence of GM-induced
      nephropathy. When GM was the only demonstrable cause of nephropathy, the
      elevation in PCr concentrations were generally mild and transient, while the
      nephropathy when other factors were involved more often became severe and
      occasionally irreversible.

PMID- 968460
TI  - Schistosomiasis in Kinshasa: an autochthonous disease.

PMID- 968459
TI  - Interaction between cephaloridine and furosemide in man.
AB  - The effect of a moderate oral dose of furosemide (80 mg daily) on the serum half
      life of cephaloridine was studied. In 14 patients not previously treated with
      diuretics this dose was found to prolong the half-life significantly. A
      corresponding decrease of the half-life of cephaloridine was observed when
      furosemide was withdrawn from 2 patients who were treated with diuretics at
      admission to hospital. The concurrent treatment with furosemide and cephaloridine
      did not affect the renal function of the patients studied. From the results
      obtained it seems possible that even moderate doses of a potent diuretic increase
      the nephrotoxicity of a cephalosporin.

PMID- 968461
TI  - The foundry industry in Finland. A review.

PMID- 968462
TI  - Effect of foundry size on the dust concentration of different work phases.
AB  - The dust concentrations of different work phases in iron foundries of different
      sizes were studied. The results of the total dust measurements made during the
      Finnish Foundry Project were considered according to the eight main work phases,
      and the 51 iron foundries were divided into four groups according to the number
      of foundry workers. The division between the groups at 25, 50, and 100 workers is
      related to the degree of mechanization in Finnish foundries. The total dust
      concentration clearly increased in sand making and melting as the size of the
      foundry increased. The concentration decreased in molding, coremaking, knock-out,
      and cleaning as the number of workers increased. No significant differences
      between the foundry groups could be found during casting. The factors affecting
      the differences in dust concentrations are discussed.

PMID- 968463
TI  - Carbon monoxide in foundry air.
AB  - The concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of 67 iron, steel, or copper
      alloy foundries using sand molding was measured. About 1,100 carbon monoxide
      determinations were made. High concentrations of carbon monoxide were found in
      the area around the cupolas and the casting sites in iron foundries. The blood
      carboxyhemoglobin levels of 145 workers from iron foundries were measured. The
      carboxyhemoglobin level of 6% was exceeded in 26% of the nonsmokers and in 71% of
      the smokers.

PMID- 968464
TI  - Metal fumes in foundries.
AB  - The metal content of melting and casting fumes was analyzed with X-ray
      fluorescence, atomic absorption, and mass spectrometric methods. The composition
      of fumes varied with the kind of alloy, the quality of scrap, and the type of
      melting process. In addition foundry workers' exposure to metal fumes was
      evaluated. The measurements of airborne metal concentrations in 10 steel
      foundries, 15 iron foundries, and 11 copper alloy foundries showed that exposure
      to lead, copper, and zinc may present a health hazard.

PMID- 968465
TI  - Gases formed from furan binding agents.
AB  - Furfuryl alcohol and formaldehyde concentrations in the air of coremaking areas
      of 10 iron and steel foundries were measured. The mean concentration of furfuryl
      alcohol and formaldehyde was 4.3 cm3/m3 and 2.7 cm3/m3, respectively. Furfuryl
      alcohol exceeded its threshold limit value (TLV) of 5 cm3/m3 in 22% of the
      determinations; and formaldehyde (TLV=2 cm3/m3) in 38%. In addition phenol
      concentration was determined in one foundry; and phosphoric acid concentration,
      in two foundries. The concentrations of phenol and phosphoric acid were far lower
      than their TLVs. The question is raised as to whether exposure to furfuryl
      alcohol and formaldehyde in foundries in combination with exposure to dust and
      smoking can increase the risk of chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 968466
TI  - Angina pectoris, ECG findings and blood pressure of foundry workers in relation
      to carbon monoxide exposure.
AB  - A prevalence study on angina pectoris, ECG changes, and blood pressure was
      carried out with those 1,000 workers (response rate 93.1%) with the longest
      exposure time (minimum 4.2 years) from a statistical sample of 20 foundries. The
      history of angina was obtained from a questionnaire recommended by the World
      Health Organization, and the ECGs were coded according to the Minnesota code. On
      the basis of measurements of the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the
      air, the workers were divided into three occupational exposure groups, one with
      definite CO exposure, one with slight or occasional CO exposure, and one without
      CO exposure. Allowance was also made for present and past smoking habits. All
      comparisons were made on an intrastudy basis between the different subcategories.
      The prevalence of angina showed a clear dose-response relationship with regard to
      CO exposure from either occupation, smoking, or both, but no such trend was found
      for ECG findings suggestive of CHD. These results may suggest a greater
      sensitivity in detecting CHD on the part of the angina questionnaire. The
      systolic and diastolic blood pressures of CO exposed workers were slightly higher
      than those of other workers when age and smoking habits were taken into
      consideration. However, exposure to heat was intermixed with exposure to CO. It
      could be shown that selection based on health had operated in the foundries.
      Hence, the prevalence found can be considered to be underestimates of the "true"
      occurrence of cardiac disorders. Nevertheless both angina and "coronary" ECG
      findings were more prevalent than in other methodologically comparable studies on
      the general population or industrial workers without toxic exposure.

PMID- 968467
TI  - Prevalence of pneumoconiosis and chronic bronchitis in foundry workers.
AB  - The prevalence of pneumoconiosis, chronic bronchitis, and impaired lung function
      was studied among those 1,000 foundry workers (response rate 93.1%) with the
      longest exposure time (minimum 4.2, mean 17, SD 9 years) from a representative
      sample of 20 foundries. Pneumoconiosis was diagnosed from 100 x 100 mm
      radiographs, and the false positives and false negatives were evaluated from
      normal-size radiographs from all those with a positive finding and a sample of
      those with a negative finding. Chronic bronchitis was studied by means of a
      translation of the MRC Short Questionnarie on Respiratory Symptoms. Forced vital
      capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were measured with a Vitalograph
      Single Breath Wedge Spirometer, and the FEV % was calculated from these
      variables. The subjects were grouped according to smoking habits and dust
      exposure, which could be fairly well evaluated from measurements performed in
      connection with the health survey. All comparisons were made between different
      subcategories. The overall prevalence of pneumoconiosis was 3.8%, when allowance
      had been made for false positive and false negative findings. Most cases were
      mild. Chronic bronchitis occurred more frequently among those occupied in jobs
      classified as dusty. Smoking also strongly increased its prevalence; a
      combination of both exposures produced the strongest effect. The effect of
      smoking was also evident as an impairment of lung function; however, no such
      effect of dust exposure could be shown in this material. Since this was a
      prevalence study, the selective removal of workers from dusty jobs probably led
      to underestimates of all the health effects studied. In spite of the effect of
      selection excess bronchitis could be demonstrated in workers from dusty
      environments. Therefore effective dust control must be initiated not only with
      regard to silica dust but also with respect to total dust.

PMID- 968468
TI  - A mortality study of foundry workers.
AB  - The mortality of foundry workers was studied from a sample of all those men
      employed in 20 representative iron, steel, and nonferrous foundries for any
      period of time during 1950 through 1972. A statistical sample of 3,876 men from
      all those 15,401 workers with at least 3 months' exposure formed the cohort under
      study. The actual number of person-years of follow-up became 47,160. Total and
      cause-specific mortality was studied in the entire cohort and in different
      categories based on exposure time and occupation. The foundry workers' experience
      was compared to that expected on the basis of the general male population's death
      rates in Finland, and different categories of the cohort were compared to each
      other through direct standardization. During the period from 1950 through 1973,
      there had occurred 224 deaths. The mortality approached the expected value
      computed from the age-adjusted general male population, the standardized
      mortality ratio (SMR) being 90 for all foundry workers and 95 for workers in
      "typical" foundry occupations. The corresponding standard mortality ratios based
      on the estimated total number of person-years, after the application of
      corrections for sampling fractions, were 86 and 95, respectively. There was a
      slight shift of the age of death towards younger age groups among the casters,
      fettlers, and furnace tenders. Mortality from coronary heart disease showed a
      standardized mortality ratio of 80 for the whole cohort; no significant
      differences were found for any occupational category. Lung cancer mortality was
      higher than expected (SMR 150) in the entire cohort; closer analysis revealed
      that the excess was confined to iron foundries, and especially to molders with
      more than 5 years of exposure. There were no more violent deaths than expected,
      not even from work accidents. Because most occupational cohorts have standardized
      mortality ratios that are well below 90, the present results were interpreted as
      probably indicating slightly elevated mortality. The most important finding was
      the concentration of lung cancer among molders in iron foundries.

PMID- 968469
TI  - Turnover and health selection among foundry workers.
AB  - The quantity, reasons, and health selection involved in labor turnover were
      studied with the use of questionnaires and employers' records. The basic material
      was the personnel of 20 representative foundries. The turnover in 1950--1972 was
      estimated from a sample of 588 workers. The causes and health selection were
      studied with questionnaires put to the 1,789 current employees (91% response),
      the 493 foundrymen who had left after at least 5 years of exposure (the 5-year
      plus men, 71% response) and 424 of those who had left after less than 1 year of
      exposure (the 1-year-minus men, 55% response). The men were asked to describe
      their present and earlier work at the foundry, the nature and duration of their
      exposure, diagnosed lung and heart diseases, and chronic bronchitis and angina
      pectoris and to assess their present and former state of health and work
      capacity. The disability analysis was based on a sample of 2,834 men whose data
      were taken from the Social Insurance Register. The disability findings were
      compared to expected values based on the Finnish male population. Turnover proved
      to be rapid; short periods of employment predominated. The major reasons for
      leaving were poor work conditions, physically demanding work, low pay, and poor
      health. The turnover was fastest in dusty occupations. Relatively more
      exfoundrymen, both 5-year-plus and 1-year-minus, than current employees felt
      their health and/or work capacity to be poor. More of the older men in the 5-year
      plus group than men of the same age in the current group had chronic bronchitis
      and diagnosed lung disorders. Both the 5-year-plus and the 1-year-minus
      exfoundrymen had relatively more diagnosed heart disorders than did the current
      employees. The disability prevalences of the foundrymen in any category of
      diseases did not exceed the expected values based on the male population. The
      overall findings indicate early health selection prior to pensionable disability
      and/or death.

PMID- 968470
TI  - [Treatment of primary acetosis in the lactating cow- -some definitions].

PMID- 968471
TI  - [Correlation between the median inspiratory and expiratory airflow and the
      respiratory minute volume in the horse].

PMID- 968472
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of the dog intestinal parasite fauna].

PMID- 968473
TI  - [Triplicitas completa in the calf].

PMID- 968474
TI  - [Tumors of the spinal cord in the dog].

PMID- 968475
TI  - [Studies on diffusion of local anesthetic solutions from the hoof-joint in the
      bursa podotrochlearis in the horse].

PMID- 968476
TI  - [Ear-cropping as a prevention against otitis externa?].

PMID- 968477
TI  - [Angiography in the horse--2 examples of application].

PMID- 968478
TI  - Neutron-scattering studies of the ribosome.

PMID- 968479
TI  - Structural studies on des-pentapeptide (B26-30)-insulin. II. Growth of crystals
      and preliminary crystallographic observations.

PMID- 968480
TI  - Image modulation in corona discharge photography.
AB  - Photographic images obtained by the Kirlian technique are principally a record of
      corona activity during an exposure interval. Most of the variations in the images
      of the corona of a living subject who is in contact with the photographic film
      can be accounted for by the presence of moisture on or within the subject's
      surface. During exposure, moisture is transferred from the subject to the
      emulsion surface of the photographic film and causes an alteration of the
      electric charge pattern on the film, hence the electric field at the surface of
      the subject. As a result, large variations in the density of corona images,
      corona streamer trajectories, and image coloration can be brought about. The
      radial extent of corona images--that is, the range of corona streamers--is an
      inverse function of the resistance in the circuit formed by the high-voltage
      supply, the subject, and the film-electrode configuration. This is because the
      voltage at which corona is initiated is dependent on the rate of rise of the
      voltage impressed between the subject and the electrode, and the rate of rise is
      governed by the applied voltage waveform and the voltage drop across the
      resistance. The range of streamers is proportional to the corona onset voltage.
      However, we have not seen any influence of large changes in skin resistance on
      streamer range. Presumably, this is due to the shunting effect of skin
      capacitance. In general, the photographic response to moisture suggests that
      corona discharge photography may be useful in the detection and quantification of
      moisture in animate and inanimate specimens through the orderly modulation of the
      image due to various levels of moisture.

PMID- 968481
TI  - Picosecond chemistry.
AB  - The ability to directly measure and evaluate ultrafast processes with
      unprecedented time resolution and reliability has greatly extended our knowledge
      about the kinetics of primary processes in chemistry and allied physical and
      biological sciences. Improvements in the reliability and versatility of
      picosecond techniques should lead to an increase in the experimental information
      about basic interactions in atomic and molecular systems.

PMID- 968482
TI  - Cooperative computation of stereo disparity.
AB  - The extraction of stereo-disparity information from two images depends upon
      establishing a correspondence between them. In this article we analyze the nature
      of the correspondence computation and derive a cooperative algorithm that
      implements it. We show that this algorithm successfully extracts information from
      random-dot stereograms, and its implications for the psychophysics and
      neurophysiology of the visual system are briefly discussed.

PMID- 968483
TI  - Programmed multiple development in thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 968484
TI  - Bounds on "bound water": transverse nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation in
      barnacle muscle.
AB  - Relatively mobile protons that do not exchange with D2O exist in barnacle muscle
      cells. These are not part of the nonfreezing "bound water" that does exchange.
      Ninety-seven percent of the muscle water exhibits a single transverse relaxation
      time of 35 milliseconds: one water molecule per thousand, which is briefly and
      irrotationally bound, will produce the observed relaxation properties.

PMID- 968485
TI  - (D-Ala2)-Met-enkephalinamide: a potent, long-lasting synthetic pentapeptide
      analgesic.
AB  - [D-Ala2]-Met-enkephalinamide (DALA), a synthetic enkephalin analog designed by in
      vitro analysis, binds to opiate receptors almost as tightly as methionine
      enkephalin. Since it is not susceptible to degradation by brain enzymes, low
      doses (5 to 10 micrograms) cause profound, long-lasting, morphine-like analgesia
      when microinjected into rat brain.

PMID- 968486
TI  - Genetic composition of a high-yielding influenza A virus recombinant: a vaccine
      strain against "Swine" influenza.
AB  - Analysis of the RNA migration pattern of a high-yielding influenza virus
      recombinant, X-53, used in vaccine production, reveals that only the two genes
      coding for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens were derived from the "swine"
      influenza virus parent. A/New Jersey/11/76, while six were acquired from the
      A/PR/8/34 (HON1) parent, donor of the high yield characteristic.

PMID- 968487
TI  - Variations in writing posture and cerebral organization.
AB  - Two tachistoscopic tests of cerebral lateralization were administered to 73
      subjects classified by handedness, sex, and hand orientation in writing. The
      results indicated that the direction of cerebral lateralization could be indexed
      from a subject's handedness and hand posture during writing. In subjects with a
      normal writing posture, the linguistically specialized hemisphere was
      contralateral to the dominant hand, and the visuospatially specialized hemisphere
      was ipsilateral; the reverse was true in subjects with an "inverted" hand
      position during writing. Females and subjects having an inverted hand posture
      manifested smaller degrees of lateral differentiation than males and subjects
      with a typical hand posture.

PMID- 968488
TI  - The biochemical high-risk paradigm: behavioral and familial correlates of low
      platelet monoamine oxidase activity.
AB  - A population of individuals potentially at risk for psychiatric disorders was
      identified by screening 375 college student volunteers for low platelet monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) activity levels. The lower and upper 10 per cent in MAO activity
      were interviewed and family history data were obtained. Low-MAO probands reported
      more frequent psychiatric or psychological counseling and problems with the law.
      Families of low MAO probands had an eightfold increase in the incidence of
      suicide or suicide attempts over those of high-MAO probands. This suggests that
      reduced MAO levels, reported previously in patients with affective disorders and
      chronic schizophrenia, may predict a vulnerability to psychiatric disorder.

PMID- 968489
TI  - [How to treat the prediabetic state].

PMID- 968490
TI  - [Orthostatic arterial hypertension in the aged].

PMID- 968491
TI  - [Cefazolin in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections].

PMID- 968492
TI  - [Better use of tobramycin in the hospital milieu: technics of applied
      pharmokinetics].

PMID- 968493
TI  - [Hepato-toxic risk of rifampicin].

PMID- 968494
TI  - [Present complications of multiresistant bacteria in pediatrics].

PMID- 968495
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus in old age].

PMID- 968496
TI  - [Various common-sense rules for limiting the abusive prescription of antibiotics
      in pediatrics].

PMID- 968497
TI  - [Treatment of vasomotor pains of the face].

PMID- 968498
TI  - [Preliminary clinical impressions following the use of sultopride in the
      treatment of manic agitation states].

PMID- 968499
TI  - Disease as an "it": concepts of disease revealed by patients' presentation of
      symptoms.

PMID- 968500
TI  - Internalizing and externalizing medical belief systems: an Ethiopian example.

PMID- 968501
TI  - The decline of the medical hegemony: a review of government reports during the
      N.H.S.

PMID- 968502
TI  - Infant mortality and premarital pregnancies.

PMID- 968503
TI  - Resource planning within the health care planning teams.

PMID- 968504
TI  - Jamaican vomiting sickness: a theoretical investigation.

PMID- 968505
TI  - Symptom prevalence and referral behaviour in Glasgow.

PMID- 968506
TI  - Changes in women's opinions about cancer.

PMID- 968507
TI  - The process of becoming a nurse in Iran.

PMID- 968508
TI  - Lines of reconstruction and extension in the Parsonian sociology of illness.

PMID- 968509
TI  - The social character of illness: deviance or politics?

PMID- 968510
TI  - Spacing of children, sexual abstinence and breast-feeding in rural Ghana.

PMID- 968511
TI  - Pharmacist practice deviance.

PMID- 968512
TI  - Modifying the treatment: patient compliance, patient control and medical care.

PMID- 968513
TI  - Prevalence of sleep disturbance in a primarily urban Florida County.

PMID- 968514
TI  - Privacy, the patient and hospitalization.

PMID- 968515
TI  - A bitter pill to swallow: placebo therapy in general practice.

PMID- 968516
TI  - Motives for guilt-free pederasty: some literary considerations.

PMID- 968517
TI  - Ethnic self-identity: a comparison of ingroup evaluations.

PMID- 968518
TI  - The impact of Machiavellianism and the trustfulness of the victim on laboratory
      theft.

PMID- 968519
TI  - Reaction to attitudinal deviance: impact of deviate's direction and distance of
      movement.

PMID- 968520
TI  - Influenza immunization.

PMID- 968521
TI  - Problems in the eradication of measles.

PMID- 968522
TI  - The newer forms on insulin.

PMID- 968523
TI  - St. Louis encephalitis: clinical and epidemiologic aspects, Mississippi, 1974.
AB  - During July, August, and September 1974, 23 confirmed or presumptive cases of St.
      Louis encephalitis occurred in Mississippi. Attack rates were highest in the
      northwest corner of the state and among persons over 70 years of age. Rural and
      urban residents had similar attack rates. Nine persons have not resumed their pre
      illness level of activity because of residual neurologic impairment six months
      after their illness. Additional cases of St. Louis encephalitis are expected in
      the next few years.

PMID- 968524
TI  - Mohs' chemosurgery and skin cancer.
AB  - Experience in treating 1, 275 skin cancers with Mohs' chemosurgery is presented.
      The Mohs technic uses microscopic examination to avoid excision of normal tissue
      and assure complete removal of the tumor. Chemosurgery is indicated for tumors
      which are poorly demarcated or which arise in areas known to have a high
      recurrence rate. It is the procedure of choice for almost all recurrent lesions.

PMID- 968525
TI  - Clinical comparison of isoflurance and halothane anesthetics.
AB  - Isoflurane and halothane were compared in two similar groups of 100 patients
      each. Isoflurane compared favorably with halothane in producing adequate
      anesthesia in all our patients. Induction period was a little stormy when there
      was direct induction with isoflurane. Maintenance was excellent and recovery was
      good. Mean concentration necessary to induce anesthesia was 3.07% with isoflurane
      and 2.56% with halothane. Mean maintenance with isoflurane was 1.39%, compared to
      1.40% with halothane. Less curare was required for relaxation when used with
      isoflurane than with halothane. This difference was not seen with pancuronium
      (Pavulon). Patient recovery was faster with isoflurane than with halothane.
      Incidence of delirium and shivering in the recovery period was similar for both
      agents. Incidence of nausea and vomiting was greater with isoflurane. Other
      clinical and biochemical postoperative comparisons did not show any significant
      differences between the two agents.

PMID- 968526
TI  - Pancreatic ascites.
AB  - Two patients with pancreatic ascites secondary to acute pancreatitis are
      presented. Successful drainage was carried out in one patient with distal
      pancreatectomy and Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy and in the other by
      cystoduodenostomy. Most cases of pancreatic ascites are due to a mild peritoneal
      reaction casued by inactivated pancreatic enzymes liberated after ductal or
      pseudocyst disruption. A majority of cases are successfully treated by surgical
      correction of the underlying pathology.

PMID- 968527
TI  - Clinically significant hypercorticism secondary to local steroid therapy.
AB  - Multiple gastric ulcers developed secondary to systemic absorption of the topical
      synthetic steroid in this case. Rapid healing occurred as well as the resolution
      of the moon facies and hypertension on cessation of topical steroid
      administration and routine treatment for ulcers.

PMID- 968528
TI  - Adolescent genital dermatoses.
AB  - The female adolescent period rivals the menopausal years as a most tumultuous
      interval. Hormonal changes account for many dermatoses not seen in older women.
      Vulvar problems that commonly affect the adolescent are discussed in reference to
      the pathophysiology which may induce these changes. The hormonal milium at this
      time period is emphasized. A concise grouping of disease processes, as well as a
      description, clue to diagnosis, and treatment of each entity is presented.

PMID- 968529
TI  - Which colonic polyps should be excised endoscopically?
AB  - A review of 464 consecutive polypoid lesions of the colon reveals that virtually
      all pedunculated polyps and over 80% of 218 sessile polyps were removed
      colonoscopically. Although size or location of the lesions occasionally precludes
      colonoscopic excision, the endoscopic appearance of a sessile polyp is the most
      important factor in deciding upon the method of excision. In gneeral, smooth,
      soft, nonulcerated sessile lesions of all sizes were excised endoscopically,
      while approximately half of the larger (2-6 cm) firm, irregular-surfaced, benign
      sessile lesions, and all ulcerated or malignant sessile lesions required
      laparotomy for proper management. All polypoid lesions should be viewed
      endoscopically before deciding the method of excision, regardless of their size,
      location, or general appearnce by barium enema. Experience with endoscopic
      morphology and snare electrocautery technics was most important, since more than
      85% of all polypoid lesions in this consecutive series were removed
      endoscopically.

PMID- 968530
TI  - Pyogenic granuloma of the hand.
AB  - Pyogenic granuloma is a benign, vascular lesion occasionally seen on the hand. It
      many be quite alarming to the patient. Adequate surgical excision is advocated as
      the treatment of choice.

PMID- 968531
TI  - Infective endocarditis as a complication of heroin use.
AB  - Infective endocarditis in heroin addicts has been reported to have a mortality as
      high as 85% and reports have varied widely regarding predominant valvular
      involvement and infecting microorganisms. A retrspective study was done and 61
      cases of heroin-associated infective endocarditis were identified at Freedmen's
      Hospital and the District of Columbia General Hospital, Washington, DC between
      January 1969 and January 1973. Our results indicate that staphylococcal infection
      of the tricuspid valve has a much higher incidence in this population than has
      generally been believed and that it is the predominant presentation of infective
      endocarditis in these patients. The outcome of patients in our series compares
      favorably with previous reports and suggests that early diagnosis and prompt
      institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy are important and may lead to
      improved survival in addicts with tricuspid endocarditis.

PMID- 968532
TI  - Culture, adaptation, and patterns of disease.
AB  - The sick patient, rather than the disease process itself, should occupy the
      central focus of the physician's attention. Such an approach recognizes the
      interaction of physiologic and emotional forces in the occurrence of disease. It
      allows for a consideration of the contributory role of emotions in the
      precipition of physical illness and a recognition that physical illness may
      produce emotional sequelae of relevance to the total clinical problem. It is an
      approach which views man as an adapting animal, whose environment may play a
      crucial role in his adaptation and his disease. Only with such a perspective of
      man and disease can the principles of medical treatment be realistic.

PMID- 968533
TI  - Appendictiis in pregnancy.
AB  - Twenty-nine cases of acute appendicitis during pregnancy are presented, and the
      recent literature is reviewed. Occurring once in 1,600 gestations, appendicitis
      carries a pregnancy loss of 10.8%. Difficulties in diagnosis and delays in
      treatment increase with advancing gestational age. Aggressive management may
      minimize the resultant maternal morbidity and fetal mortality.

PMID- 968534
TI  - Reconstruction of the oral cavity after obliterative surgery for cancer.
AB  - Simple and reliable methods for reconstruction of the oral cavity after
      obliterative surgery for carcinoma include (1) nasolabial cheek flaps, (2)
      hemiforehead and total forehead flaps, and (3) temporal island flaps. In general,
      the nasolabial flap is sufficient for resurfacing areas of the oral cavity
      anterior to the second molar tooth, while the temporal island flap provides
      satisfactory coverage posterior to this area. The forehead flap, which is very
      durable and reliable, is reserved for reconstruction of the more massive defects.
      Technics and use of each reconstructive procedure are described.

PMID- 968535
TI  - Brief treatment of sexual problems.
AB  - Brief, behaviorally oriented treatment of sexual dysfunction is gaining
      increasing acceptance in medicine and psychiatry. However, relatively few clinics
      have published their treatment results. During a 2 1/2-year period, 36 couples
      with diagnoses of sexual dysfunction were treated with a modified Masters and
      Johnson protocol. The initial success rate was 83%, but the degree of improvement
      reported by the couples varied from marked to equivocal. Eighty-nine percent of
      the male partners and 83% of the female partners manifested psychologic signs or
      symptoms that either warranted a psychiatric diagnosis or were noted as
      significant traits or symptoms. With an average of 7.9 months of follow-up, the
      failure rate increased from 17% to 38%. This increase was attributed in part to
      the degree of combined psychosexual disorder identified in the patients. The
      etiologic relationships between psychiatric conditions and sexual dysfunctions
      are not fully understood and will require further study.

PMID- 968536
TI  - Cardiac valve replacement in the first 21 years of life.
AB  - From 1969 through 1974, 25 patients under age 21 years had prosthetic cardiac
      vlave replacement at the Emory University Hospital. Twenty-nine valves were
      replaced in this group. Patients ranged in age from 2 to 21 years, with a mean of
      14 years. Concomitant correction of associated cardiac lesions was required in 14
      (56%). Five (21%) had had prior open valvuoplastic procedures. Operative
      mortality for the entire group was 12%, with an additional late mortality of 8%.
      There have been no early or late deaths in the last three years' experience. Best
      results are obtained when early correction of isolated valvular lesions is done
      as soon as clinical deterioration on vigorous medical management is recognized.
      The presence of multiple intrcardiac lesions or prior valve surgery does not
      preclude excellent results. Current indications for surgical correction and
      follow-up management are presented.

PMID- 968537
TI  - Histologic factors affecting prognosis of pure seminoma of the testis.
AB  - The histologic features of 92 cases of pure seminoma of the testis were reviewed
      in relation to the presence and degree of fibrosis, necrosis, granulomatous and
      lymphocytic reactions, interstitial cell hyperplasia, and lymphatic and/or
      vascular invasion associated with the primary tumor. No relationship between any
      of the histologic factors studied and survival was established.

PMID- 968538
TI  - Early surgical managment of penetrating ocular injuries involving the posterior
      segment.
AB  - Pars plana vitrectomy technic can be used in the early management of certain
      penetrating ocular injuries involving the posterior segment, including selected
      intraocular foreign bodies. This study reports the results of ten consecutive
      cases of intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment treated by a
      combination of vitrectomy (including lensectomy when necessary) and foreign-body
      extraction with forceps. The foreign body was successfully removed in nine of ten
      eyes, and nine of ten eyes were salvaged. This favorable experience using early
      vitreous surgery suggests that the vitrectomy technic can be used in other
      penetrating injuries involving the posterior segment that are not associated with
      intraocular foreign bodies. Possible indications for early vitrectomy are
      presented, including cases with a poor prognosis when managed by conventional
      methods.

PMID- 968539
TI  - Immunology of the lung.
AB  - Recent conceptual advances in immunology are reviewed. Although immune reactions
      take place in all organs, those occurring in the lung were chosen for
      illustrative purposes. The lung's enormous surface area has direct contact with
      the external environment through the airways and receives all of the cardiac
      output, a situation which exposes it to numerous, potentially harmful agents. The
      four basic types of immune responses are depicted as ending with tissue injury,
      but in most instances these reactions protect the host from disease. Manipulation
      of the immune system with transfer factor, new routes of immunization with
      existing vaccines, and other forms of immunotherapy are potential avenues for
      future management of disease.

PMID- 968540
TI  - Renal oxalosis.

PMID- 968541
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - A case of Cushing's syndrome occurring during the eighth month of pregnancy was
      presented. Steroid values and the results of dexamethasone suppression tests were
      markedly abnormal. Urinary steroid excretion reverted toward normal following
      delivery and prior to the removal of a large adrenal cortical adenoma.

PMID- 968542
TI  - Intramedullary lipoma of the distal femur.
AB  - A rare case of intramedullary lipoma involving the distal femur is presented and
      discussed in relation to previously reported cases. The 26 previously reported
      extracranial cases of this bone lesion are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is placed
      upon establishing a definitive pathologic diagnosis by open biopsy when one is
      dealing with a large bony lesion that has indefinite radiologic features.

PMID- 968543
TI  - Respiratory insufficiency after intraperitoneal administration of Kanamycin:
      failure of calcium gluconate to reverse toxic effects.
AB  - A 47-year-old woman developed postanesthesia respiratory insufficiency five hours
      after an intramuscular injection of 0.5 gm of kanamycin and one hour and 40
      minutes after peritoneal lavage with 1.0 gm of kanamycin. The respiratory
      insufficiency was not reversed by an intravenous infusion of 400 mg of calcium
      gluconate. This is the third reported instance of respiratory insufficiency after
      kanamycin lavage. Only one of the previously reported patients responded to
      intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate, despite the experimental evidence
      supporting its efficacy.

PMID- 968544
TI  - Massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage from ruptured corpus luteum during
      anticoagulant therapy.
AB  - The unpredictability of hemorrhagic complications during anticoagulant therapy is
      well known. An unusual case of massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage from a ruptured
      corpus luteum during such therapy is presented. That this complication is
      uncommon may be  because relatively few premenopausal women are placed on
      anticoagulant therapy. In addition, the most likely condition for which
      premenopausal women are given anticoagulants is thrombophlebitis associated with
      pregnancy and childbirth when ovulation is inhibited.

PMID- 968545
TI  - Congenital absence of the left pericardium: an unusual palpation finding and
      echocardiographic demonstration of the defect.
AB  - A patient with classical clinical and roentgenographic features of congenital
      absence of the left pericardium is described. On physical examination in the
      supine position, the precordial apical impluse was markedly displaced laterally.
      In the left lateral decubitus position, however, the apical impulse was felt in a
      mor medial location. This apparently paradoxical movement of the apical impulse
      was not found in persons with normal hearts or with left ventricular enlargement
      of hypertrophy, and may be characteristic of the pericardial defect. Further,
      with echocardiography we were able to demonstrate the absence of a pericardial
      echo on the lateral surface of the heart. Thus, echocardiography may be a useful
      noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of this defect.

PMID- 968546
TI  - Traumatic rupture of right diaphragm presenting as pleuropneumonia.
AB  - We present a case of rupture of the right diaphragm, due to an automobile
      accident, discovered after a period of eight years and presenting a clinical
      picture of pleuropneumonia. The radiologic appearances of traumatic hernia of the
      diaphragm are more difficult to appreciate on the right side because of the
      presence of the liver and delayed symptoms. This may be dangerous or sometimes
      fatal.

PMID- 968547
TI  - Tracheobronchiomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome).
AB  - Tracheobronchiomegaly is a rare congenital disorder due to defective development
      of elastic and muscle tissues in the upper airways. The characteristic radiologic
      features shown by bronchography include marked dilatation of the tracheobronchial
      system and diffuse saccular bronchiectasis. These findings and recurrent episodes
      of pneumonia lead to a progressive loss of pulmonary function. Even with vigorous
      medical therapy the prognosis is poor and severe respiratory failure eventually
      develops.

PMID- 968548
TI  - Recovery from malignant hypertension with anuria after prolonged hemodialysis.
AB  - A 29-year-old black woman with malignant hypertension and anuria was treated with
      hemodialysis and antihypertensive drugs. Her renal function improved and her
      creatinine clearance was 28 ml/min after 4 1/2 months of treatment. Similar cases
      in the literature are reviewed.

PMID- 968549
TI  - Acute acquired toxoplasmosis.
AB  - A case of acute acquired toxoplasmosis presenting as a fever of unknown origin is
      described in a 62-year-old man. The diagnosis was prompted by the presence of
      Toxoplasma gondii in lymph nodes obtained at abdominal laparotomy. The unusual
      features of the case include the patient's age, the presence of cysts in the
      lymph node, and itc clinical presentation as a prolonged remittent fever.

PMID- 968550
TI  - Homozygous beta thalassemia in a black adult: follow-up after two decases.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman, perhaps the oldest living American black with homozygous
      beta thalassemia, has had a relatively benign clinical course since her case was
      first reported two decades ago. Despite progressive splenomegaly, she has
      remained active without blood transfusions. This case emphasizes the mildness of
      homozygous beta thalassemia in black subject.

PMID- 968552
TI  - Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Mycobacterium chelonei.
AB  - Starr-Edwards mitral and aortic prosthetic valves served as nidi for endocarditis
      due to M chelonei. Cultural, physiologic, lipid chromatographic, and serologic
      studies identified the organism as M chelonei (abscessus).

PMID- 968551
TI  - Vitamin E-dependent anemia in a premature infant.
AB  - Reported is a case of a premature infant who developed a well documented
      hemolytic anemia which responded to vitamin E therapy. The infant developed the
      syndrome while receiving an artificial formula containing iron and vitamin E,
      plus iron supplementation. The infant had a feeding problem which may have
      complicated absorption of vitamin E. It is suggested that premature infants who
      are formula fed should not receive iron supplement until they have doubled their
      birth weight or have a hemoglobin concentration of less than 10 mg%. Premature
      infants should receive supplemental vitamin E if they are not breast fed.

PMID- 968553
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 968554
TI  - Standards for medical devices.

PMID- 968555
TI  - [Specialized services for penetrating chest wounds].

PMID- 968556
TI  - [Prevention of severe forms of elephantiasis of the limbs].

PMID- 968557
TI  - [Treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities].

PMID- 968558
TI  - [Myorenal syndrome in acute poisonings].

PMID- 968559
TI  - [Indices of intermediary metabolism in patients with maxillo-facial
      actinomycosis].

PMID- 968560
TI  - [Use of crushed homocartilage for plastic surgery of bone cavities in chronic
      ostemyelitis].

PMID- 968561
TI  - [Healing of suppurative wounds during treatment with proteolytic enzymes of
      bacterial origin].

PMID- 968562
TI  - [Thrombogenic shifts in thrombocyte hemostasis and blood coagulability in
      frostbite].

PMID- 968563
TI  - [Clinical picture of acute radiation sickness following non-uniform gamma-neutrom
      irradiation].

PMID- 968564
TI  - [Principles for rational antibiotic therapy of several surgical infections].

PMID- 968565
TI  - [Organization of services for patients with acute intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 968566
TI  - [Expert opinion on temporary disability and the quality of therapeutic-diagnostic
      work].

PMID- 968568
TI  - [Diagnosis of diverticuli of the sigmoid colon].

PMID- 968567
TI  - [Post-ischemic complications following embolectomy from the arteries of the upper
      extremities].

PMID- 968569
TI  - [Surgical treatment of compression fractures of the vertebral bodies].

PMID- 968570
TI  - [Diagnosis of mechanical intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 968571
TI  - [Fecal enzyme activity as an index of the effectiveness of treating several
      intestinal diseases].

PMID- 968572
TI  - [Microcirculatory disorders in patients in a state of burn shock].

PMID- 968573
TI  - [Contrast vasography in crural bone fractures complicated by delayed
      consolidation and pseudoarthorosis].

PMID- 968574
TI  - [Errors in the treatment of closed fractures of the long tubular bones].

PMID- 968575
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency following thrombosis of the
      deep veins of the lower extremities].

PMID- 968576
TI  - [Disputed and undisputed points in the surgical treatment of the post
      thrombophlebitic syndrome].

PMID- 968577
TI  - [Tactics for the surgical treatment of patients with the post-thrombophlebitic
      syndrome of the lower extremities].

PMID- 968578
TI  - [Post-thrombophlebitic syndrome (diagnosis, conservative and surgical
      treatment)].

PMID- 968579
TI  - [Resuts of a discussion concerning the problem of treating chronic venous
      insufficiency resulting from thrombosis of the pelvic veins and deep veins of the
      extremities].

PMID- 968580
TI  - [Difficulties in the clinical diagnosis of closed abdominal trauma and ways of
      overcoming them].

PMID- 968581
TI  - [Difficulty in recognizing several types of injury to organs of the abdominal
      cavity following closed abdominal trauma].

PMID- 968582
TI  - [Recognition of vertebro-spinal cord injuries combined with craniocerebral
      trauma].

PMID- 968583
TI  - [Current problems in the complex treatment of traumatic disease of the spinal
      cord].

PMID- 968584
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of non-organ tumors of the pelvis].

PMID- 968585
TI  - [Prognostic possibilities of the polyrheographic method in acute closed
      craniocerebral injury].

PMID- 968586
TI  - [Clinical picture of the paroxysmal-progressive form of shizophrenia complicated
      by closed craniocerebral trauma].

PMID- 968587
TI  - [Clinical picture and treatment of complicated pseudarthroses of the diaphyses of
      long tubular bones].

PMID- 968588
TI  - [Treatment of open fractures of long tubular bones].

PMID- 968589
TI  - [Clinical importance of the study of blood serum phospholipids in certain
      diseases of the hepato-biliary system].

PMID- 968590
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of cholera E1-Tor].

PMID- 968591
TI  - [Peroral specific hyposensitization in ambrosia-induced pollinosis].

PMID- 968592
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemia of the lower limbs].

PMID- 968593
TI  - [Geochemical basis of prognosis of prevalence of mouth and tooth diseases].

PMID- 968594
TI  - [Effect of psychological characteristics of patients on their timely discharge
      from the hospital].

PMID- 968595
TI  - [Typhoid in pregnant women and nursing mothers].

PMID- 968596
TI  - [Meningococcic meningitis with atypical changes in the cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 968597
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical and morphological aspects of shock in meningococcal
      infection].

PMID- 968598
TI  - [Treatment of bacterial carrier state in salmonellosis].

PMID- 968599
TI  - [Certain indicators of functional characteristics of thrombocytes in hemorrhagic
      fever with nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 968600
TI  - [Absorptive-excretory function of the liver in convalescents after viral
      hepatitis].

PMID- 968602
TI  - [Certain problems of clinical course and symptoms of acute opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 968601
TI  - [Diagnosis and complex treatment of vulvovaginal moniliasis].

PMID- 968603
TI  - [Adrenal cortex function in early phase of opisthorchiasis and trichinosis].

PMID- 968604
TI  - [Acute dilatation of the stomach with spontaneous rupture].

PMID- 968605
TI  - [Changes in the concentration of free and bound serotonin in the blood of
      patients with meningococcal infection].

PMID- 968606
TI  - [Study of the activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDG) and its isoenzymes in viral
      hepatitis].

PMID- 968607
TI  - [Alcohol dehydrogenase of blood serum in diagnosis of acute and chronic liver
      diseases].

PMID- 968608
TI  - [Polarographic analysis of bile in certain diseases of the digestive organs].

PMID- 968609
TI  - [Hypovolemic shock in children and adults with cholera].

PMID- 968610
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of perforating peptic ulcers and food poisoning
      (salmonellosis)].

PMID- 968611
TI  - [Diagnosis of respiratory-syncytial viral disease in adults].

PMID- 968612
TI  - [Intracarotid infusion of drugs in the treatment of purulent meningitis].

PMID- 968613
TI  - [Intravital biopsy of the large-intestinal mucosa in dysentery and bacterial
      carrier state].

PMID- 968614
TI  - [Effect of combined plasmids of resistance and colicinogeneity of Shigella on the
      clinical course of acute dysentery].

PMID- 968615
TI  - [Serological diagnosis of salmonellosis with the aid of complex erythrocytic O
      diagnosticum].

PMID- 968616
TI  - [Motor function of the gastrointestinal tract in food poisoning (salmonellosis)].

PMID- 968617
TI  - [EEG changes in patients with generalized forms of meningococcal infection under
      the effect of mannitol].

PMID- 968618
TI  - [Pathogenesis of the typhoid bacteria carrier state].

PMID- 968619
TI  - [Adequate correction of disorders of water-electrolyte balance in meningococcal
      infection].

PMID- 968620
TI  - [Vitamin B 12 absorption in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 968621
TI  - [Evaluation of liver function in patients with hepato-cerebral dystrophy and in
      their relatives].

PMID- 968622
TI  - [Neutral hexoses, fucose and sialic acids in certain diseases of the liver and
      biliary system].

PMID- 968623
TI  - [Studies on the evaluation of the morphology and function of the lower urinary
      tract].

PMID- 968624
TI  - [Results following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in over 700 cases].

PMID- 968625
TI  - [Improved mechanical injection technic in cholegraphy as a routine measure].

PMID- 968626
TI  - [Painless angiography of dialysis shunts and fistulas with the aid of
      xeroradiography].

PMID- 968627
TI  - [The high resolution x-ray image chain].

PMID- 968628
TI  - [First experiences with a new infrared thermometry device in mammary gland
      diagnosis].

PMID- 968629
TI  - [Industrial information on diagnostic instrumentation].

PMID- 968630
TI  - [Transfemoral angiography of the carotid arteries using modern catheters].

PMID- 968631
TI  - [Dosimetry of solid bodies in medicine].

PMID- 968632
TI  - [Radiation exposure of emergency surgeons working with surgical image
      enhancement].

PMID- 968633
TI  - [Performance evaluation in radiology].

PMID- 968634
TI  - [Performance evaluation in radiology from the standpoint of the administration of
      the clinic].

PMID- 968635
TI  - [Effect of performances not directly related to patient care proper on working
      time in radiology].

PMID- 968636
TI  - [Evaluation of consciousness disorders in surgery].

PMID- 968637
TI  - [Frontobasal injuries. Injuries of the skull and brain in the region of the
      anterior cranial fossa and their treatment from the aspect of a neurosurgeon].

PMID- 968638
TI  - [Echoencephalography in intracranial injuries].

PMID- 968639
TI  - [Our experiences with Encephabol in brain contusions].

PMID- 968640
TI  - [Reconstruction of the cervical spine using acrylates].

PMID- 968641
TI  - [Traumatic paresis of the femoral nerve].

PMID- 968642
TI  - [In defense of the gastric resection using the Billroth II technic in the
      Hoffmeister-Fiusterer modification].

PMID- 968643
TI  - [Work of the nurse in resuscitation and its pecularities from the psychological
      viewpoint-requirements and information from experience].

PMID- 968644
TI  - [Respiratory changes in the damage to the central nervous system (experimental
      study)].

PMID- 968645
TI  - [Case of gout with so-called arthritis mutilans syndrome].

PMID- 968646
TI  - [Clinical medicine and epidemiology].

PMID- 968647
TI  - [Epidemiology of malignant rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 968648
TI  - The use of arthroscopy and biopsy in the diagnosis of monarticular chronic
      arthritis of the knee joint.

PMID- 968649
TI  - [Stereoscopic ultrastructure of the rheumatoid synovial membranes].

PMID- 968650
TI  - [Psoriatic arthropathy. Clinical and histological study].

PMID- 968651
TI  - [3 autopsy cases of amyloidosis. Study of the correlation with collagen
      diseases].

PMID- 968652
TI  - [Aging and rheumatoid factor].

PMID- 968653
TI  - Effects of breast-feeding practice on the post-partum endometrium.
AB  - Inactive endometrial patterns occur frequently in the post-partum period and
      their occurrence is modified by the breast-feeding practice. An abnormal
      endometrium pattern, viz., cystic hyperplasia, may occur more frequently in non
      lactating women and in patients using oestrogens, especially long-acting
      preparations, for lactation suppression. Post-ovulatory endometrial patterns in
      lactating women occur infrequently during the puerperium. The implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 968654
TI  - The relationship between atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer.

PMID- 968655
TI  - Acute noncalculus cholecystitis following trauma.

PMID- 968656
TI  - Gallbladder contraction in achalasia of the oesophagus.

PMID- 968657
TI  - Postoperative psychiatric complications.

PMID- 968658
TI  - Nephrogenic hepatic dysfunction.

PMID- 968659
TI  - Re-implantation of the hand.

PMID- 968660
TI  - The alleviation of uterocornual spasm of the Fallopian tubes during
      hysterosalpingography by intravenous administration of orciprenaline.
AB  - A simple, safe and reliable method of differentiating between organic obstruction
      spasm at the uterocornual junction of the oviduct during routine
      hysterosalpingography is described. Seventeen patients were studied. In all
      patients uterocornual obstruction was found during hysterosalpingography, which
      was performed without general anaesthesia. In 8 patients the apparent obstruction
      was alleviated within 30 seconds of the intravenous administration of 0.25 mg
      orciprenaline. Surgical and endoscopic findings confirmed the presence of the
      obstruction in all the other 9 patients. These findings are discussed on the
      basis of the neuro-anatomy of the Fallopian tube. It is suggested that this form
      of treatment, in many cases, eliminates the need to perform the procedure under
      general anaesthesia, which is the only other method of consistently alleviating
      such a 'spasm'. The use of orciprenaline may facilitate a rapid turnover of
      patients in units where hysterosalpingography is performed as a screening
      investigation for infertility. Furthermore, it is suggested that the oral
      administration of beta-adrenergic agents during the peri-ovulatory period to
      patients in whom 'tubal spasm' has been diagnosed might offer a rational approach
      to treatment.

PMID- 968661
TI  - Fetal biparietal diameter and birth weight. An interpopulation comparison.
AB  - Data on the biparietal diameter (BPD), determined ultrasonically, of the full
      term South African Negroid fetus are presented. Population differences in the
      absolute value of the BPD and the linear regression of birth weight on the
      biparietal dimension are emphasised. The possible biological explanations for
      these differences are discussed.

PMID- 968662
TI  - The significance of serum oestradiol and progesterone levels in evaluating the
      response to clomiphene citrate.
AB  - In practice, the prediction of ovulation after the administration of clomiphene
      citrate (Clomid) has been based on measurement of biphasic basal body temperature
      and menstrual changes. In this article a protocol is presented to gauge
      adequately the extent of the response to the drug and to monitor reliably the
      occurrence of ovulation. The measurement of oestradiol levels at two different
      times, coupled with a single progesterone estimation, has proved the method of
      choice in monitoring Clomid response. These assays may provide reliable criteria
      for establishing suitable doses for individual patients.

PMID- 968663
TI  - A comparison of pregnancy tests.
AB  - An evaluation in terms of performance and cost was made of the Planotest,
      Pregnex, Gravindex, Prepurex, Planosec, Quick Test and Dap Test pregnancy test
      kits. It was found that Pregnex was the most accurate, but that it was expensive.
      Planotest, Gravindex and Prepurex were identical as far as results were concerned
      and they were comparable in price. In terms of readability, Gravindex, Pregnex
      and Prepurex were considered the easiest. Because many pregnancy test kits are
      available, we thought it desirable to compare these kits in terms of cost and
      performance.

PMID- 968664
TI  - Pregnancy after autotransplantation of the Fallopian tube in the ewe.
AB  - Vascularised transplantation of the Fallopian tube is a technically feasible
      operation, but its functional result remains questionable. This article documents
      a pregnancy after vascularised contralateral autotransplantation of the oviduct
      in a ewe.

PMID- 968665
TI  - Ultrasonography in obstetric and gynaecological private practice.
AB  - A resume of the main uses of echography in obstetrics and gynaecology in a
      private practice is presented. The procedure is a simple, atraumatic one, without
      danger of X-radiation to the fetus or the hazard of angiography to the patient,
      and can be repeated without risk. It has a high degree of accuracy, as well as
      being a very useful aid, to gynaecologists and general practitioners alike,
      whenever there is doubt in the clinical assessment, or for confirmation of any
      underlying complication.

PMID- 968666
TI  - Letter: Surgery in the field.

PMID- 968667
TI  - Letter: Bacteraemia after insertion of intrauterine devices.

PMID- 968668
TI  - Letter: Undergraduate pharmacology.

PMID- 968669
TI  - Structural abnormalities of muscle tissue in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Muscle tissue of patients with ankylosing spondylitis has been studied by means
      of histology, histochemistry and electron microscopy and has been shown to be
      grossly abnormal. The underlying basis of the muscle changes is probably
      neuropathic and we believe that these changes form part of the over-all pathology
      of this disease.

PMID- 968670
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism in Black South Africans.
AB  - Despite the presence of stimuli to parathyroid activity, such as low dietary
      intake of calcium and low serum calcium levels, primary hyperparathyroidism is
      extremely uncommon in the indigenous population of Africa south of the Sahara. We
      report the occurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism in 3 black patients, all of
      whom presented with gross bone disease, high serum calcium levels, short
      histories of hyperparathyroidism and large parathyroid tumours. The clinical
      manifestations of hyperparathyroidism in these patients are probably due to the
      rapid rate of tumour growth and high level of hormone production.

PMID- 968671
TI  - Total electrical alternans in a patient with tuberculous pericarditis.
AB  - Total electrical alternans is an uncommon electrocardiographic abnormality in
      which alternation in the direction and/or amplitude of all the components (P, QRS
      and T) of the tracing is present. The phenomenon is seen only in association with
      occasional cases of pericaditis with large effusion's. Knowledge of this fact may
      help in the often difficult differentiation between a pericardial effusion and
      cardiomyopathy. An illustrative case report is presented, with a resume of the
      mechanisms postulated to explain total electrical alternans.

PMID- 968672
TI  - Some problems in the hospital management of criminal mental patients.
AB  - In view of impending new legislation in Rhodesia, a survey of 256 criminal mental
      patients admitted to Ingutsheni Hospital was undertaken. These patients were all
      treated by the author and were admitted during the 5-year period 1 January 1970
      31 December 1974. Among these patients there were 113 schizophrenics (44%) and 57
      epileptics (22%); these proportions are not significantly different from those
      previously found among civil patients. The outcome was that 86 patients (33, 6%)
      were discharged to stand trial, 107 (41, 8%) were discharged in terms of a
      recommendation by the Mental Hospital Board and 57 (22, 3%) were returned to
      prison. Recommendations are made for the provision of a new forensic psychiatric
      unit, and some of its functions are discussed.

PMID- 968673
TI  - The clinical assessment of ageing and problems of diagnosis in the elderly.
AB  - The elderly patient presents special problems to the clinician. Accurate
      diagnosis in the elderly requires an understanding of the interrelationship
      between mental and physical illness, the altered physiology of the aged and the
      realisation that multiple pathology is the rule rather than the exception. The
      onset of illness is frequently insidious and the presentation often atypical.

PMID- 968674
TI  - The doctor's problems.
AB  - A problem is defined and its purpose is described. The doctor's personality is
      analysed in its various aspects, and the patient and his complaints are dealt
      with. Their relationship reveals their respective needs and the scheme presented
      is an attempt to find a satisfactory solution to the multiple problems of human
      existence.

PMID- 968675
TI  - Cannabis-related acute brain syndrome following major trauma.

PMID- 968676
TI  - A problematic stage of hominisation.

PMID- 968677
TI  - Piracetam in the management of minimal brain dysfunction.

PMID- 968678
TI  - [Pancytopenia and aplastic anemia: a retrospective study].
AB  - During January 1971--June 1975 we examined 195 patients with pancytopenia. The
      cause was bone marrow failure in 67.7% of cases (classic aplastic anaemia in
      11.3%) hypersplenism in 7.7%, massive blood transfusions in 1.5%, severe
      infections in 9.7% (Gram-negative in 3%), and various other conditions in 7.8%.
      Records were insufficient for diagnosis in 5.6% of cases. Analysis of the 22
      patients with aplastic anaemia showed no apparent aetiology in 16 (72.7%),
      previous phenylbutazone ingestion in 2, and Fanconi-type anaemia in 4 of 7
      children. One-year survival was 73.7%, 2-year survival 71.4%, 3-year survival
      63.6% and 4-year survival 57.1%. Marrow-investigation of the 21 available samples
      showed that 6 were acellular, 11 hypocellular and 4 normocellular. All patients
      received at least temporary therapy with anabolic steroids but its effectivity
      could not be satisfactorily assessed. Five patients died within 7 months and 5
      patients went into remission, needing no further therapy. The initial
      haematological features of the 5 patients who died were not significantly
      different from those of the rest of the patients.

PMID- 968679
TI  - The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a report of 3 cases.
AB  - Three cases of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are reported and the literature is
      reviewed. The difficulties in the management of these patients are described and
      the importance of radiology and endoscopy is emphasised.

PMID- 968680
TI  - Treatment of frigidity in general practice.
AB  - The commonest causes of female sexual frigidity in general practice are outlined.
      Thirty-four couples were interviewed, and an approach to female frigidity is
      explained, which can be used by the general practitioner.

PMID- 968681
TI  - Exercise, rugby football and infection.

PMID- 968682
TI  - Phentermine (Duromine) for obese diabetics.

PMID- 968683
TI  - Bending babies.

PMID- 968684
TI  - Ocular reaction to oxprenolol.

PMID- 968685
TI  - A review of colonoscopy in 200 patients.
AB  - During the examination of the colon by fibre-optic colonoscopy in 200 consecutive
      patients it was possible to reach the caecum or suspected lesion in 80% of cases.
      Careful bowel preparation, sedation and detailed attention to techniques
      described are necessary for safe and successful performance of this procedure. In
      85% of examinations, colonoscopy produced positive results including the
      definition of uncertain radiological lesions in 45 patients, finding of a cause
      for rectal bleeding not shown on barium studies in 15 patients, the assessment of
      inflammatory bowel disease in 28 patients, and the removal of polyps in 40
      patients. Important was the finding of a normal colon in 49 cases, which obviated
      unnecessary surgery. Colonic perforation occurred in 2 patients. The limitations
      and complications of the procedure must be realised, but it is concluded that the
      colonoscope provides a valuable and effective means of diagnosis and therapy of
      lesions in the large bowel.

PMID- 968686
TI  - Buccal administration of fenoterol aerosol in young children with asthma.
AB  - A new technique for the administration of a bronchodilator aerosol, fenoterol, in
      young children with asthma is described. Rapid and effective bronchodilatation
      can be obtained in many patients simply by directing the jet of the
      bronchodilator aerosol onto the buccal mucosa. This method will frequently
      obviate the need for painful or potentially dangerous injections of adrenaline or
      aminophylline as a first-line treatment in children with acute attacks of asthma.

PMID- 968687
TI  - A necropsy study of diabetes mellitus in natal blacks.
AB  - During a period of 10 years (1965 - 1974) necropsies on 126 Black diabetic
      patients were performed at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. Metabolic factors
      accounted for 39% of deaths and infection for 34% of all deaths in diabetes
      mellitus. Sixty-two per cent of the patients who died were below the age of 55
      years. These findings are similar to those pertaining in the pre-insulin era.

PMID- 968688
TI  - Combined liver-lung gamma imaging in subphrenic abscess.
AB  - Combined scintigraphy of the lung and liver provides a sensitive, simple and non
      invasive method of evaluating the subphrenic space. Since the surgical approach
      is different in subphrenic, subhepatic and intrahepatic abscesses, accurate
      localisation and recognition of single or multiple abscesses provides the basis
      for an operative approach which may avoid unnecessary violation and contamination
      of the peritoneal cavity. The importance of correlation of the scintiscans with
      companion roentgenograms of the abdomen and chest, and accurate localisation of
      the diaphragm using serial scanning, is emphasised. Negative good-quality scans
      reliably rule out subphrenic abscess.

PMID- 968689
TI  - Lead encephalopathy: case reports.
AB  - Six cases of lead encephalopathy in Black children are described. There was a
      delay in the diagnosis of the first 4 cases, partly owing to a lack of awareness
      of the possibility of exposure to lead in this population. The importance of the
      safe disposal of industrial wastes is stressed.

PMID- 968690
TI  - Examsmanship.

PMID- 968691
TI  - Depression, hypoglycaemia and analgesics.

PMID- 968692
TI  - Pseudopneumoperitoneum: a case report.
AB  - A case of post-traumatic pseudocyst of the pancreas is presented. The elevated
      and compressed stomach showed an appearance on X-ray film which might be
      interpreted as free peritoneal air. The term pseudopneumoperitoneum is defined
      and other causes of this condition are mentioned.

PMID- 968693
TI  - Dilation of the upper urinary tract in pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - A case is presented in which the upper moiety of the pelvicalyceal system and
      ureter in unilateral duplication was spared the dilatation which affected the
      lower moiety and opposite upper urinary tract during pregnancy.

PMID- 968694
TI  - Computerised axial tomography of the head.
AB  - The technique and applicaton of computerised axial tomography of the head is
      briefly reviewed with regard to both normal and some pathological tomographic
      features.

PMID- 968695
TI  - Cranial and intracranial tuberculosis.
AB  - The radiographic appearances of cranial and intracranial tuberculous lesions are
      reviewed. The manifestations of cranial and intracranial tuberculosis vary
      according to the location, severity of involvement and the chronicity of the
      disease.

PMID- 968696
TI  - Syringomyelia secondary to paraplegia due to fractures of the thoracic spine.
AB  - The clinical, radiological and operative findings in 3 patients with paraplegia
      consequent upon fractures of the thoracic spine are presented. Myelography
      revealed widening of the cervical spinal cord in all 3 patients and this finding
      was confirmed at operation. The incidence of this condition in the Spinal
      Injuries Unit is shown to be similar to that noted in other large units. The
      principal theories as to the aetiology of this condition, i.e. cavitation
      secondary to haematomyelia or myelomalacia caused by circulatory disorders, are
      reviewed.

PMID- 968697
TI  - The development of the obsterical care in the Mongolian People's Republic.

PMID- 968698
TI  - Working conditions and sickness absenteeism of workers in some departments of a
      steel plant.

PMID- 968699
TI  - Influence of the urbanization processes on birth rate and fertility in People's
      Republic of Bulgaria.

PMID- 968700
TI  - Changes in the demographic processes and in the character of pathology of the
      population of the U.S.S.R.

PMID- 968701
TI  - Methodical approaches to forecasting the development of the socialist system of
      health protection.

PMID- 968702
TI  - [Optimizing the functional relationships between out-patient and in-patient
      health facilities].

PMID- 968704
TI  - Investigation of the health status of a representative population sample of one
      region in the CSSR by medical examinations. Part I. Introduction and methods.

PMID- 968703
TI  - [Studies on the use of work time by busy hospital nurses].

PMID- 968705
TI  - Analysis of the diurnal periodicity of acute myocardial infarction attacks.

PMID- 968706
TI  - [Follow-up studies of 15-20-year-old Budapest youths who had rheumatic fever
      before the age of 14. An attempt to determine the effectiveness of a program to
      prevent recurrence of rheumatic fevere].

PMID- 968707
TI  - [Increase in the frequency of certain diseases (bronchitis, pneumonia, ent
      diseases and conjunctivitis) in workers as compared with housewives, in a
      location polluted by the burning of coal].

PMID- 968708
TI  - [The effect of heparin and high molecular dextran (HMD) on tumour metastases].

PMID- 968709
TI  - [Plasma iron transport in liver cirrhosis. A clinical and experimental study
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 968710
TI  - [Haematological implications of splenectomy in myelofibrosis with myeloid
      metaplasia (author's transl)].

PMID- 968711
TI  - [Decrease of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase activity and foetal haemoglobin rising
      in pancytopenia (author's transl)].

PMID- 968712
TI  - [Study of the cell populations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 968713
TI  - [Candidiasis and its prophylaxis (author's transl)].

PMID- 968714
TI  - [Surface antigen of hepatitis B in malignant lymphoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 968715
TI  - [Densitometry in the diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities (author's transl)].

PMID- 968716
TI  - [51Cr assay of platelet kinetics in forty-one patients with peripheral
      thrombocytopenia (author's transl)].

PMID- 968717
TI  - [Reproducibility of platelet aggregation technique. Influence of time from the
      withdrawal of samples and of platelet number (author's transl)].

PMID- 968718
TI  - [Congenital dyserythropoiesis, type II (HEMPAS). Report of one case (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 968719
TI  - Microsurgical removal of acoustic neuromas.
AB  - This article reviews the selection and use of instruments for the microsurgical
      removal of acoustic neuromas by the suboccipital-transmeatal approach. The
      accurate use of carefully selected instruments for perineural dissection when
      combined with the use of the operating microscope can lead to frequent
      preservation of the facial nerve and occasional retention of hearing.

PMID- 968720
TI  - Modification for the Gardner-Wells ""skull traction tongs''.

PMID- 968721
TI  - A technique for early Pantopaque myelography in cervical spinal cord injuries.
AB  - A simple, reliable method for early Pantopaque myelography in patients with
      traumatic injuries of the cervical spinal cord is presented. Myelography is
      accomplished with the patient prone on a Stryker frame after vertebral reduction
      and alignment have been achieved with axial skeletal traction. A lateral C1-2
      spinal puncture and a portable ""C-arm'' image intensifier with televised
      fluoroscopy are used. There have been no complications and no occurrences of
      vertebral re-dislocation with this technique.

PMID- 968722
TI  - Reversal of experimental cerebral vasospasm by intravenous nitroprusside therapy.
AB  - Cerebral vasospasm was induced in dogs by intracisternal injection of blood.
      After angiographic demonstration of spasm, sodium nitroprusside was infused
      intravenously and its effect on the diameter of the basilar artery was studied
      angiographically. Ten experiments were performed within 90 minutes of the
      induction of spasm and nine experiments were performed 24 or 48 hours later.
      Significant dilatation of the basilar artery was achieved in all cases and it
      persisted for as long as the infusion of nitroprusside continued. The drug
      produced a modest degree of systemic hypotension. In six experiments it was
      possible to avoid hypotension by a simultaneous infusion of dopamine.

PMID- 968723
TI  - Giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery.
AB  - A case of a giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery, (4.5 X 4.5 X 9.5 CM)
      presenting as a mass lesion, which was successfully excised is described. This
      case is compared to the few previous accounts of giant aneurysms of the middle
      cerebral artery larger than 3 cm in diameter.

PMID- 968724
TI  - The value of sequential scanning in the detection of metastatic tumors.
AB  - The usefulness of sequential scanning, three and 24 hours after injection of
      197Hg chlormerodrin in the detection of metastatic tumors of the brain has been
      demonstrated. The 24-hour scan was positive in 29% of the cases in which a
      metastatic lesion was suspected although the three-hour scan was negative, and
      the 24-hour scan also revealed additional masses in another 20%. The delayed scan
      helped to demarcate the actual location of the lesion in 24% of the cases in
      which the three-hour scan was graded merely suspicious. It is concluded that the
      addition of a 24-hour scan strongly reinforces the statistical accuracy of the
      197Hg brain scan, and thus is of practical clinical importance.

PMID- 968725
TI  - Treatment of experimental spinal cord injury in ferrets.
AB  - A variety of treatment modalities upon a compressive model of spinal cord injury
      in ferrets was tested. Several of the treatments seemed to increase the degree of
      anatomical and/or functional sparing, but only dexamethasone did so in a
      statistically significant manner.

PMID- 968726
TI  - The management of intracranial calcified subdural hematomas.
AB  - Calcified subdural hematomas are associated with signs and symptoms similar to
      those of chronic, uncalcified subdural hematomas. Those found incidentally or in
      patients with long-standing nonprogressive neurological deficits should be left
      alone. If a calcified subdural hematoma is discovered in the evaluation of a
      patient with an acute or a progressing neurological disorder, an operation should
      be considered.

PMID- 968727
TI  - ""Non-communicating'' syringomyelia: a non-existent entity.
AB  - Encroachment by man's overlarge forebrain is responsible for the anatomic
      substrate of syringomyelia, i.e. a hindbrain hernia developing in fetal life with
      persisting hydromyelia. Communication between the syrinx and 4th ventricle is
      readily disclosed at operation, but because of postmortem shrinkage, almost never
      at autopsy. Syringomyelia developing in 16 of 864 post-traumatic paraplegics has
      been classified non-communicating. However, the syrinx, its fluid, and the
      ultimate clinical picture are the same as in the non-traumatic, and surgical
      exposure has disclosed the communication. The symptoms develop because the
      traumatic subarachnoid block exaggerates the causative intracranial fluid pulse
      waves by eliminating the dampling effect of the yielding dural sac below. A non
      traumatic spinal block also may result in syringomyelia.

PMID- 968728
TI  - Intracranial tumors in Southeast Asia. A review.

PMID- 968729
TI  - Ischemic colitis incidence following abdominal aortic reconstruction: a
      prospective study.
AB  - With few exceptions, the incidence of left colon ischemia following abdominal
      aortic reconstruction has been reported to be one to 2 percent. All reports of
      such ischemic events are retrospective analyses of clinically manifest or
      autopsy. Fifty patients were studied prospectively to determine more accurately
      the incidence of this complication. Aortic reconstruction was performed in 23
      patients for occlusive disease (OD) and in 27 for aneurysm disease (AD). No
      emergency operations were performed. All patients underwent colonoscopy within 4
      days of operation. Three instances of colon ischemia were noted, an incidence of
      6 percent (OD 4.3 percent, AD 7.4 percent). Each patient recovered uneventfully.
      Two patients had diarrhea, but only after colon ischemia was recognized.
      Arteriographic opacification of the inferior mesenteric artery by the superior
      mesenteric artery collateral (meandering mesenteric artery) was documented in 35
      percent of patients with OD and in 27 percent of patients with AD. Colon ischemia
      did not develop when this collateral was identified. The inferior mesenteric
      artery was patent at the aorta in all who developed colon ischema. Although
      clinically significant colitis following aortic reconstruction is rare,
      colonoscopy after operation may prove to be valuable for early recognition of
      ischemic changes before clinical manifestations preclude effective management.

PMID- 968730
TI  - Radiation injuries to the bowel associated with the treatment of carcinoma of the
      cervix.
AB  - Advances in radiation techniques and increased dosage have improved the cure rate
      of patients with cancer of the cervix to 65 percent. Associated with this
      increased dosage (betatron, 5,250 r and intracavitary 137-cesium, 4,000 r at
      point A) has been a serious complication incidence of 10 percent. Major
      intestinal complications usually become manifest within an 8 to 24 month period
      following radiation. Few are associated with tumor and the majority are amenable
      to surgical correction. Rectosigmoid stenosis is a common and frequently
      unrecognized complication. The 8 to 12 cm. segment of rectosigmoid, with its
      rigid wall and narrowed lumen, can be recognized on barium examination. The
      symptoms are those on incomplete obstruction and deterioration, frequently
      confused with tumor progression. Thirty-one patients have been treated by
      resection and low anterior anastomosis with relief of symptoms. Rectosigmoid
      stenosis progressing to necrosis, perforation, or fistula (an additional 29
      patients) is treated best by the Hartmann operation as a first stage. This
      procedure has been less complicated than either colostomy alone or resection and
      anastomosis. Fifteen patients with low level rectovaginal fistula or stenosis
      were treated by defunctioning sigmoid colostomy. A loop transverse colostomy was
      unsatisfactory. Ileorectovaginal fistulas occurred in an additional six patients.
      Preoperative investigation should establish the presence or absence of an ileal
      component in all fistulas. Radiation ileitis is rare as an isolated finding but
      frequently is associated with severe rectosigmoid damage. Surgical treatment is
      seldom necessary but, if indicated (ten patients), resection appears to be
      preferable to bypass.

PMID- 968731
TI  - Intraoperative autotransfusion: an underutilized technique.
AB  - Although interest in intraoperative autotransfusion increased when commercial
      equipment became available, this technique still is utilized rarely in most
      hospitals. Our experience began with sporadic use in 1972 and has evolved to
      regular use at least ten times a month. The machine is operated by a technician,
      and we heparinize the autotransfusion system (ATS) reservoir. Our series includes
      47 patients who had elective vascular operations and 141 who had emergency
      operations, usually for trauma. In the latter group, seven patients who were
      autotransfused with blood contaminated by intestinal contents survived near fatal
      injuries and did not develop complications attributable to the procedure.
      Morbidity and mortality rates in both groups did not appear to be increased as a
      result of intraoperative autotransfusion. Controversy over methods of
      anticoagulation and apprehension about effect on blood are not valid reasons for
      underutilization of this technique. Although significant administrative
      commitments are required to implement its use and to treat the coagulopathy that
      accompanies massive reinfusions, they are justified by the value of
      intraoperative autotransfusion in most cases in which two or more units of blood
      would be required ordinarily.

PMID- 968732
TI  - Gallstone pancreatitis: pathophysiology.
AB  - The stools of 45 patients with proven gallstones pancreatitis were screened for
      gallstones. An equal number of peripheral with gallstones but without
      pancreatitis served as the control group. Gallstones were found in the stools of
      38 of the 45 patients (84 percent) with gallstone pancreatitis and in only five
      (11 percent) patients of the control group. The patients with gallstone
      pancreatitis experienced a relief of symptoms and a decrease in the levels of
      serum amylase and bilirubin prior to rectal passage of the stones. Operative
      cholangiography revealed reflux of contrast material into the pancreatic duct of
      67 percent of the patients with gallstone pancreatitis and in only 18 percent of
      the controls. Of the 38 patients that passed stones, 30 cholangiograms (79
      percent) demonstrated a functioning common channel. it would appear that a
      functioning common channel is necessary for reflux and in addition favors stone
      passage. This study suggests that the pathophysiology of gallstone pancreatitis
      relates to the temporary impaction of migrating stones at the ampulla of Vater.

PMID- 968733
TI  - Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: early results and body composition changes
      in forty-five patients.
AB  - Forty-five patients who underwent a 14 by 4 inch jejunoileal bypass for morbid
      obesity were studied before the operation and at periodic intervals after
      operation to determine the complications and changes in body composition
      resulting from this procedure. Body composition studies were determined using
      3H2O and 42K. Rapid weight loss occurred in the first 3 months, with a mean loss
      of 30 percent of excess weight. This weight loss was accompanied by a decrease in
      exchangeable potassium (Ke) and total body water (TBW) during this interval by 14
      and 10 percent, respectively. Although most patients continued to lose excess
      weight Ke and TBW stabilized at the end of the first year and returned to
      preoperative values in six patients at the end of 24 months. Analysis of the
      ratios of body cell mass and total body water to weight shows an improvement of
      body composition 12 months after operation. Body composition studies permit a
      quantitative assessment of the nutritional status in patients undergoing
      jejunoileal bypass. In spite of significant complications (23 percent), surgery
      for morbid obesity appears to satisfy the objective of allowing desirable loss of
      fat with relative sparing of muscle and other supporting tissues.

PMID- 968734
TI  - Gastric bypass for morbid obesity: results and complications.
AB  - Seventy-five patients underwent a 90 percent distal gastric bypass for morbid
      obesity. The average weight was 121.4 kilogram, height 164 centimeters, and age
      31.4 years in these 70 women and five men. There was a total of 20 surgical
      complications in the 75 patients, with wound infection being the most common.
      Sixteen chronic complications were noted and consisted of vomiting, diarrhea,
      reflux esophagitis, dysphagia, and vitamin deficiencies. None of the above
      complications were life-threatening or required dismantling of the bypass. Of 54
      patients followed for 12 months or more after gastric bypass, there was a 24.5
      percent average weight decrease at 6 months, and this progressed to 35.8 percent
      by 12 months. Fifty-two patients undergoing small bowel bypass previously at the
      same institution had a 25.4 percent weight reduction at 12 months. Of 54
      patients, 83 percent followed for one or more years after gastric bypass have had
      an excellent or good clinical result, whereas only 42 percent of the 52 patients
      undergoing small bowel bypass have had an excellent or good clinical result with
      the same criteria. It is concluded that the Mason 90 percent distal gastric
      bypass is a suitable form of surgical treatment for the morbidity obese patient
      who cannot lose weight by dietary measures.

PMID- 968735
TI  - Comparative value of four methods of investigating the pancreas.
AB  - In a prospective study for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, ultrasonography,
      radionuclide scanning, selective arteriography, and endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were compared. Eighty-nine consecutive patients
      were investigated; 58 underwent laparotomy, and 36 were found to have
      periampullary cancer; seven had other malignant tumors within the abdomen, and
      nine had pancreatitis on biopsy. Five had other benign disease, and there was one
      negative laparotomy. Thirty-one patients who did not have laparotomy have shown
      no evidence of cancer at one year follow-up. Ultrasonography was found to be more
      reliable than scan or arteriography in the detection and diagnosis of a mass in
      the pancreas. ERCP achieved the highest rate of correct definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 968736
TI  - Delineation of critical factors in the treatment of pancreatic trauma.
AB  - An analysis of 100 patients sustaining multiple injury and pancreatic trauma was
      completed. Sixteen patients with penetrating injury died within the first 24
      hours, 14 of whom died intraoperatively from major hepatic and/or retroperitoneal
      venous injury. Eighty-four patients survived long enough to permit evaluation of
      treatment. There was no statistically significant relationship between mode (p =
      0.3) or anatomic area (p = 0.5) of injury and death. However, death was more
      common in the presence of duct injury (p less than 0.0001). Thirty-nine patients
      were determined to have duct injury and 45 did not. These two groups were
      equivalent, with the exception of a higher incidence of concomitant bowel injury
      (p less than 0.05) in those with duct violation. Combined sump and Penrose
      drainage was found to be adequate treatment of both proximal and distal nonductal
      injury with no significant difference in mortality or morbidity rates (p = 0.5).
      Resection of distal ductal injuries as opposed to drainage alone resulted in
      significantly lower morbidity and mortality rates (p less than 0.05), comparable
      to those of drained nonductal injuries. No conclusions could be made relevant to
      proximal duct injuries, except that drainage alone is inadequate. Seventeen (20
      percent) of the 84 patients evaluated died. Pancreatic related mortality rate was
      17 percent (14 patients). Two of 23 patients with blunt injury (9 percent) and 12
      of 61 patients with penetrating injury (20 percent died). Gram-negative sepsis
      (82 percent) was the most common cause of death (p less than 0.01), and sepsis
      was correlated with the presence of pancreatic duct (p less than 0.0001) and
      bowel (p less than 0.001) injury.

PMID- 968737
TI  - Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a twenty-five year experience with vagotomy
      and drainage.
AB  - Old age and massive hemorrhage long have been recognized as ominous prognostic
      signs in the management of patients with peptic ulcer disease. The authors
      present the results of their long-term evaluation of 73 such patients. The group
      was unselected, critically ill, and treated surgically for the arrest of profuse
      hemorrhage. Accurate follow-up was achieved for 100 percent of the group; this
      follow-up spanned periods extending to 25 years. In comparison to published
      reports of similar high risk groups treated with resectional therapy, the
      vagotomy and pyloroplasty is shown to be comparable in long-term results and
      vastly superior in terms of operative mortality rate. The mortality rate for the
      advocated procedure was 8 percent, with a proven recurrence rate of 3.1 percent.

PMID- 968738
TI  - [Comparison of the content of adrenaline, noradrenaline and sulfhydryl groups in
      blood plasma with certain general-clinical and functional indicators in bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 968739
TI  - [Effectiveness of therapeutic bronchoscopy in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 968740
TI  - [Glucocorticoid function of the adrenal glands in obstructive pulmonary
      emphysema. 2].

PMID- 968741
TI  - [Study of reproducibility of the indicators of bronchial patency].

PMID- 968742
TI  - [Electrokymographic diagnosis of arterial hypertension of the lesser circulation
      in the main types of acquired disorders of pulmonary circulation].

PMID- 968743
TI  - [Autoimmune bronchial asthma as a manifestation of postinfarct syndrome].

PMID- 968744
TI  - [Cause of death in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 968745
TI  - [Cor pulmonale complicated by acute stomach ulcer].

PMID- 968746
TI  - [Pathogenesis of pickwickian syndrome].

PMID- 968747
TI  - [Ventilation, diffusion and blood gases in patients with chronic nonspecific lung
      diseases and obstructive syndrome in different degree of insufficiency of
      external respiration].

PMID- 968748
TI  - [Candidiasis pneumonia].

PMID- 968749
TI  - [Use of steroid hormonal preparations and antibiotics in pulmonology].

PMID- 968750
TI  - [Immediate results of treatment of bronchial asthma with immunosuppressive
      agents].

PMID- 968751
TI  - [Sex hormone metabolism in middle-aged and old patients with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 968752
TI  - [Reaction of sensitized leukocyte migration inhibition as an indicator of delayed
      hypersensitivity].

PMID- 968753
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of immunoglobulin analysis in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 968754
TI  - [Etiology and pathogenesis of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 968755
TI  - [Occupational bronchial asthma in persons working with aluminum oxide].

PMID- 968756
TI  - [Characteristics of changes of respiration mechanics in asthmatic bronchitis].

PMID- 968757
TI  - [Importance of electrokymography and cardiometry in detection of disorders of
      hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in patients with chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 968758
TI  - [Thrombocytes in patients with severe course of pneumonia].

PMID- 968759
TI  - [Dynamics of bronchoscopic pattern in patients with nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 968760
TI  - [Evaluation of irregularity of pulmonary ventilation during complex treatment of
      chronic pneumonia and chronic cor pulmonale, according to nitrographic data].

PMID- 968761
TI  - [Relationship between glucocorticoid and androgenic functions of the adrenal
      glands and the indicators of lipid and sialic acid metabolism in chronic
      pneumonia].

PMID- 968762
TI  - [Detection of mast and eosinophil cells in the sputum of patients with chronic
      broncho-pulmonary pathology].

PMID- 968763
TI  - [Specific therapy of infectious-allergic and noninfectious-allergic forms of
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 968764
TI  - [Treatment of bronchial asthma with corticosteroid preparations].

PMID- 968765
TI  - [Effect of artificial respiration on the hemodynamics in chronic respiratory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 968766
TI  - [State of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion during drug therapy of bronchial
      cancer].

PMID- 968768
TI  - Medicine and the law. Texas court holds certain restrictive covenants in a
      contract unreasonable and invalid.

PMID- 968767
TI  - [State of blood coagulation and capillary permeability in patients with lung
      cancer].

PMID- 968769
TI  - Sudden death syndrome.

PMID- 968770
TI  - Incidence of sudden infant death syndrome in Texas, 1969-1972; estimation by the
      surrogate method.

PMID- 968771
TI  - Stressful doctor-patient relationships.

PMID- 968772
TI  - Epidemiological survey of physical child abuse.

PMID- 968774
TI  - Find the world interesting? Photograph it.

PMID- 968773
TI  - Products liability for the physician.

PMID- 968775
TI  - Updating psychotropic drug therapy.

PMID- 968776
TI  - Practical use of psychotropic drugs in children.

PMID- 968778
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the small bowel.

PMID- 968777
TI  - Use and abuse of adrenocortical steroid hormones in clinical practice.

PMID- 968779
TI  - The changing profile of medical education in Texas.

PMID- 968780
TI  - Informed consent and influenza immunization.

PMID- 968781
TI  - [Medicine and philosophy. Cognition theoretical problems as illustrated on the
      example of psychosomatics].

PMID- 968782
TI  - [Interventions in obesity. Small intestine bypass surgery in the treatment of
      extreme obesity].

PMID- 968783
TI  - [Influence of ornithine aspartate on the experimentally induced hyperammoniemia.
      Clinico-experimental study].

PMID- 968784
TI  - [Cystine-calculi on unusual form of kidney calculi. Successful treatment in spite
      of long anamnesis of calculi].

PMID- 968785
TI  - [Psychological problems in conflict situations during pregnancy].

PMID- 968786
TI  - [Nutrition, body weight and smoking in gastrectomized subjects, in ulcer patients
      and in healthy persons].

PMID- 968787
TI  - [Professional secrecy].

PMID- 968789
TI  - [Trichomoniasis].

PMID- 968788
TI  - [The current status of syphilis therapy].

PMID- 968790
TI  - [Syphilis serodiagnosis].

PMID- 968791
TI  - A comparison of wedge and segmental resection of the lung.
AB  - In the past few years there has been increasing use of limited resection for
      pulmonary carcinoma, especially in patients with restricted cardiorespiratory
      function. Because there is frequently a choice as to the type of limited
      resection, it was considered worth while to review the safety and efficiency of
      the two principal types. In total, 212 wedge resections and 281 segmental
      resections are reported. Despite certain theoretical advantages to segmentectomy,
      wedge resection carried a lower complication rate. Seventy-one per cent of wedge
      resections were free of complications compared to 54% of segmental resections.
      Minor complications were defined as apical air space and apical haematoma. The
      incidence of minor complications was similar for each group, 22% for wedge
      resections and 27% for segmentectomies. However, there was a significantly higher
      major complication rate in the segmental resection group (19%) compared to the
      wedge group (7%). This is understandable, considering the amount of raw lung
      surface exposed after segmental resection. It appears that where it is surgically
      feasible, wedge resection should be practised.

PMID- 968792
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax: the sharp rib syndrome.
AB  - Of 49 patients undergoing operation for benign spontaneous pneumothorax, 28 (57%)
      were found to have a sharp first or second rib. In a series of 100 patients
      undergoing thoracotomy for other conditions, only eight (8%) were found to have a
      sharp rib. The association between sharp ribs, apical scars and bullae, and
      spontaneous pneumothorax is discussed.

PMID- 968793
TI  - Infective endocarditis: a survey of cases in the South-East region of Scotland,
      1969-72.
AB  - The incidence and characteristics of infective endocarditis were studied in a
      defined community over a four-year period. Seventy-eight cases were found, giving
      an incidence of 16 cases permillion per year. The commonest presenting features
      were those of infection; 53% had cardiac failure and 37% evidence of emboli when
      first seen. Twenty-three cases occurred on rheumatic heart valves, 13 on valvular
      prostheses, and 19 in previously normal hearts. Streptococcus viridans was the
      commonest organism, but there was a relatively high incidence of staphylococcal
      infection. Only four cases were preceded by dental manipulation, and no source
      for the infection was found in 46 patients. The mortality rate was 46%, cardiac
      failure and embolic phenomena accounting for 65% of deaths. It is unlikely that
      earlier diagnosis or cardiac surgery would have reduced the mortality
      appreciably.

PMID- 968794
TI  - Pericardiectomy in children.
AB  - Thirty-five children under 16 years of age were prepared for pericardiectomy on
      account of constrictive pericarditis; three died in the immediate preparatory
      period. Pericardiectomy was undertaken in 32; in 28 the cause was tuberculous.
      The purpose of this report is to draw attention to the high incidence of
      constrictive pericarditis in African children in Natal.

PMID- 968795
TI  - An evaluation of Potts' aortopulmonary shunt for palliation of cyanotic heart
      disease.
AB  - The results of 28 Potts' aortopulmonary shunts created for the relief of cyanotic
      heart disease are reviewed in this study. The shunt gave excellent symptomatic
      relief, but the incidence of immediate and late complications is high. Regular
      follow-up of patients is mandatory to detect evidence of increasing pulmonary
      vascular disease and to under take corrective surgery whenever feasible before
      its occurrence. Although Potts' anastomosis has been largely replaced by
      alternative shunt procedures, there may still be a place for its application in
      selected situations. Only a few problems were encountered at the time of closure
      of the shunt in 11 patients during corrective surgery using a transpulmonary
      technique and hypothermia with circulatory arrest.

PMID- 968796
TI  - Surgical treatment of congenital valvular aortic stenosis.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with congenital valvular aortic stenosis were surgically
      treated between 1967 and July 1975. Five (23%) were under 1 year of age (group I)
      and 17 (77%) were between 2 and 24 years (group II). All infants exhibited severe
      congestive heart failure and electrocardiographi (ECG) evidence of left
      ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with strain pattern. In group II, angina was
      present in three cases, syncope and fatigue in two; the ECG indicated LVH in 10
      cases (59%) with strain pattern in five (29%). A bicuspid aortic valve was
      present in 77% (17/22) of the cases; 32% had other cardiac anomalies. Aortic
      valvotomy was performed on cardiopulmonary bypass in 20 cases, and with deep
      hypothermia and circulatory arrest in two. Three infants under 1 month of age
      with associated anomalies died (hospital mortality 14%). Intraoperative average
      peak left ventricular-aortic systolic pressure gradient decreased from 86 to 21
      mmHg (P less than 0.001). Late clinical (in all cases) and haemodynamic (26%)
      follow-up showed severe restenosis in two patients of group II; one of them had a
      second operation, the other one died three and a half years postoperatively.
      Results assessed on the basis of symptoms, ECG changes, aortic valve function,
      and/or haemodynamic findings were fair in the two surviving infants. Results in
      group II were excellent in three, satisfactory in seven, fair in four, and poor
      in two cases. In infants, aortic valvotomy is a palliative procedure which
      carries a high risk. In the older age group, early and late results are more
      gratifying.

PMID- 968797
TI  - Cellular aggregation and destruction during blood circulation and oxygenation.
AB  - Platelet and leucocyte aggregation and severe haemolysis may occur in blood
      during the preparation of an extracorporeal circuit for open-heart surgery.
      Experiments with dog blood showed that both processes result from bubble
      oxygenation but not from circulation of diluted blood and that they appear to be
      inhibited by the presence of acid citrate dextrose and heparin, or citrate
      phosphate dextrose and heparin, but not by heparin alone.

PMID- 968798
TI  - Effects of alternate-day prednisone therapy on respiratory function in myasthenia
      gravis.
AB  - To determine the effects of alternate-day prednisone therapy on respiratory
      function in myasthenia gravis, eight patients were evaluated during "days on" and
      "days off" prednisone. The patients were treated with long-term (up to three
      years), high-single-dose, alternate-day oral prednisone. After patients had been
      controlled with alternate-day prednisone they had no episodes of acute
      respiratory insufficiency or myasthenic crises. Although a small reduction in
      respiratory function during the day off prednisone was seen in some patients, the
      change was not statistically significant for the group and was probably
      physiologically unimportant in most patients. The data indicate that in
      myasthenic patients who have no underlying lung disease respiratory function is
      not significantly compromised by administering the prednisone on alternate days.

PMID- 968799
TI  - Complement components and IgE in patients with asthma and aspirin idiosyncrasy.
AB  - Levels of circulating IgE, total haemolytic complement, and components C4 and C3
      were measured in 16 asthmatics with aspirin idiosyncrasy and in control subjects.
      IgE levels were mostly within normal limits. No differences were found between
      the complement profiles-in particular the C4 levels-in the two groups. As low
      levels of C4 have been found in patients with intrinsic asthma, these results
      would suggest a fundamental difference between asthmatics with aspirin
      idiosyncrasy and others with intrinsic asthma.

PMID- 968800
TI  - Regional lung function in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Xenon-133 was used to study regional pulmonary function in nine patients with
      chest cage rigidity due to ankylosing spondylitis. In comparison with normal
      subjects, the patients showed an overall diminution in lung volume and the
      proportion of inhaled xenon reaching the lung apices was reduced but the
      distribution of injected xenon was normal. The possible relationship between
      these findings and apical lung disease in ankylosing spondylitis is mentioned.

PMID- 968801
TI  - Regional lung function in unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.
AB  - Radioactive xenon-133 was used to study the regional lung function of five
      patients with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis unassociated with intrathoracic
      disease. All patients showed a reduction in total lung capacity to which the
      affected side contributed an average of 37%. There was a decrease in the amount
      of inhaled xenon and a lesser decrease in the amount of injected xenon reaching
      the lung base on the paralysed side.The distribution in the opposite lung did not
      differ significantly from that found in normal subjects although the proportion
      of inhaled xenon reaching the lung base was rather less than in the normal group.
      The washout of injected xenon was normal except for slight impairment at the lung
      base on the paralysed side in one patient and at both bases in another.

PMID- 968802
TI  - Electron microscopy in the cytological examination of metastatic pleural
      effusions.
AB  - In a previous publication the ultrastructure of pleural effusions in cases of
      pleural mesothelioma was reported. The same method has now been applied to a
      study of effusions produced by pleural metastases. The findings are considered
      sufficiently conclusive to justify the use of electron microscopic cytology in
      determining the nature and sometimes the origin of such effusions.

PMID- 968803
TI  - Persistent hypoplasia of the lung after repair of congenital diaphragmatic
      hernia.
AB  - Quantitative analysis has been used to assess growth in a lung from an infant
      aged 21/2 months in whom a diaphragmatic hernia was repaired at birth. The lungs
      had been abnormally small at birth but at 21/2 months were of normal volume.
      Alveoli had multiplied at the normal rate after birth but had not reached the
      number normal of age. The number per acinus was normal but the alveoli were
      increased in size, particularly in the left lung. The airway number, and thus
      alveolar, acinar, and arterial number, were all reduced in both lungs, the
      ipsilateral being most affected. The pulmonary blood vessels in both lungs showed
      an increased muscularity that did not correlate with lung volume or alveolar
      number, a feature that may have been present at birth. The degrees of hypoplasia
      in the two lungs were different at birth and this difference had been maintained.
      The effect of the disturbance to lung growth on the functioning of the lung is
      discussed.

PMID- 968804
TI  - Acute thoracic inlet obstruction in achalasia of the oesophagus.
AB  - A case of acute thoracic inlet obstruction presenting as a rare complication of
      achalasia is described. The probable mechanism, diagnosis, and management are
      discussed.

PMID- 968805
TI  - Spontaneous pneumopericardium.
AB  - Spontaneous pneumopericardium is a relatively rare event, although cases have
      been recorded over the past 130 years. Many were associated with malignancy,
      trauma, infection or as a complication of recent surgery. Attempts at surgical
      resolution have been infrequent and survival extremely rare. We describe a
      patient in whom pneumopericardium developed spontaneously and insidiously,
      probably being present for some weeks before hospital investigation. Surgical
      exploration revealed the cause to be a benign gastric ulcer without an hiatus
      hernia or other diaphragmatic defect. Repair was attempted but the patient died
      in the early postoperative period. From an extensive review of the literature it
      is clear that spontaneous perforation of a gastric ulcer into the pericardium
      must be less rare than some authors have suggested.

PMID- 968806
TI  - Successful surgical repair of congenital total cleft sternum with partial ectopia
      cordis.
AB  - Total bifid sternum with or without ectopia cordis is a rare congenital anomaly
      which is treated successfully in a limited number of cases. Several methods of
      correction have been described using tissue grafts (cartilage, bone), inert
      artificial prostheses (acrylic plaques, marlex mesh), and techniques to
      approximate the sternal bands by relaxation of costal cartilages. In our case the
      method described by Verska was used to approximate the bifid sternal bands. The
      successful result in our patient proves the efficiency of this technique.

PMID- 968807
TI  - Constrictive epicarditis following Coxsackie virus infection.
AB  - A case is presented of the rare condition of constrictive epicarditis, which was
      treated successfully by removal of the epicardium. This appears to be the first
      account of constrictive epicarditis following proven Coxsackie viral infection.

PMID- 968808
TI  - Evaluation of antithrombotic properties of suloctidil in comparison with aspirin
      and dipyridamole.

PMID- 968809
TI  - Inhibitory effect of colchicine and vinblastine on reptilase clot retraction.

PMID- 968810
TI  - Effect of calcium phosphate on thrombin and on its sensitivity to heparin and
      antithrombin-III.

PMID- 968811
TI  - Flow patterns in a platelet adhesion test cell-implications for adhesion
      measurement.

PMID- 968812
TI  - The influence of drugs on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). I.
      Effects of antifibrinolytics and fibrinolytics on thrombin-induced DIC in rats.

PMID- 968813
TI  - Potentiation of the thrombin induced platelet release reaction by fibrin.

PMID- 968814
TI  - Daunomycin and fibrinolysis.

PMID- 968815
TI  - "Low-dose heparin"--significance of subcutaneous injection.

PMID- 968816
TI  - [Tradition and new ideas in administration].

PMID- 968817
TI  - [Hospital administrative matters].

PMID- 968818
TI  - [Health institutions--legislation etc., among them professional secrecy].

PMID- 968819
TI  - [Hospital evaluation].

PMID- 968820
TI  - [Health administration at the county level. The county physician's role].

PMID- 968821
TI  - [Health administration at the county level].

PMID- 968822
TI  - [The functions and duties of the general hospital].

PMID- 968823
TI  - [Hospital functions. With special consideration of psychiatric hospitals].

PMID- 968825
TI  - [Hospital administration].

PMID- 968824
TI  - [Hospital administration].

PMID- 968826
TI  - [Economic aspects of hospital management. Economics, budget proposals, etc].

PMID- 968827
TI  - [The patient as a human being].

PMID- 968828
TI  - [Personnel administration].

PMID- 968829
TI  - [The position of the physicians in the hospital organization].

PMID- 968830
TI  - [Hospital administration. Information service and cooperative efforts].

PMID- 968831
TI  - [Distribution of functions in a general hospital].

PMID- 968833
TI  - The medical records system.

PMID- 968832
TI  - [Rationalization in hospitals].

PMID- 968834
TI  - [Medical, technological and social progress with considerations on the future
      role, organization and management of the entire health service].

PMID- 968835
TI  - [Misuse of thorn apple seeds].

PMID- 968836
TI  - [Letter: Periodic familial paralysis. Hypo- and normokalemic type].

PMID- 968837
TI  - [Our health stations].

PMID- 968838
TI  - [Surgical treatment of injuries of the lateral ligaments of the ankle. Comparison
      between early and late surgery].

PMID- 968839
TI  - [Arterial injuries. 15 years-statistics from Oslo community hospital
      departments].

PMID- 968840
TI  - [Listeria meningitis in adults].

PMID- 968841
TI  - [Chemical pleurodesis induced by mepacrine chloride. An alternative in the
      treatment of malignant pleural effusions].

PMID- 968842
TI  - [Surgical treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis].

PMID- 968843
TI  - [Pilot studies within health center activities].

PMID- 968844
TI  - [Diagnosis lists in general practice].

PMID- 968845
TI  - [Oral contraceptives with lower hormonal dosis].

PMID- 968846
TI  - [Strong acting analgesics postoperatively and in injuries].

PMID- 968847
TI  - [Methadone treatment in opiate addiction].

PMID- 968848
TI  - [Drug therapy of diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 968849
TI  - [From the Adverse Drug Reaction Committee. Potassium chloride--intestinal
      perforation].

PMID- 968850
TI  - [Multiple sclerosis as a wrong diagnosis in brain and spinal cord tumors].

PMID- 968851
TI  - [Nematodes in animals in relation to humans].

PMID- 968852
TI  - [Hormonal disorders as a cause of pathogenesis in orthopedic problems in
      childhood].

PMID- 968853
TI  - [Tracheal lesions following blunt injuries].

PMID- 968854
TI  - [Hypokalemia and arrhythmia during acute myocardial infarct in patients on long
      term diuretic treatment].

PMID- 968855
TI  - [Pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. Experience with intensive management in 100
      patients].

PMID- 968856
TI  - [CRST-syndrome, a form of scleroderma].

PMID- 968857
TI  - [Vaccinia gangrenosa].

PMID- 968858
TI  - [Raeder's paratrigeminal sympathetic syndrome. A review].

PMID- 968859
TI  - [Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP)].

PMID- 968860
TI  - [Morton's metatarsalgia (Morton's toe)].

PMID- 968861
TI  - [Morton's metatarsalgia].

PMID- 968862
TI  - [Drug treatment of psychoses in general practice].

PMID- 968863
TI  - [Ambulatory treatment of psychoses. Report from a discussion meeting].

PMID- 968864
TI  - [Oral vitamin B12 treatment].

PMID- 968865
TI  - [Paracetamol poisoning--liver damage. Therapy or prevention?].

PMID- 968866
TI  - Emergency medicine.

PMID- 968867
TI  - Resuscitation after sudden heart death.

PMID- 968868
TI  - [Advanced first aid--where do our physicians stand?].

PMID- 968869
TI  - [Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 968870
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum and bleeding peptic ulcer. Preoperative diagnosis using
      pertechnetate scanning].

PMID- 968871
TI  - [Chylothorax and chyluria].

PMID- 968872
TI  - [Osmolar concentration changes in newly admitted patients in a medical
      department].

PMID- 968873
TI  - [Surgical fixation of pertrochanteric femoral fractures. A comparative study of
      Kuntscher's condylotrochanteric intramedullary nail and McLaughlin's plate and
      nail].

PMID- 968874
TI  - [Short-term treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infection with metronidazole
      (Flagyl forte)].

PMID- 968875
TI  - [Subcutaneous heparin in prevention of post-operative thrombosis].

PMID- 968876
TI  - [Diazepam. Intravenous injection-success and warnings].

PMID- 968877
TI  - [Zinc in the treatment of stomach ulcer].

PMID- 968878
TI  - [Morphological basis for endometrial bleeding].

PMID- 968879
TI  - [Meno-metrorrhagia in relation to coagulation and fibrinolysis].

PMID- 968880
TI  - [Hemorrhages in relation to tumors of the genitalia].

PMID- 968881
TI  - [Hemorrhages in relation to early pregnancy].

PMID- 968882
TI  - [Hemorrhages in relation to inflammation of the genitalia].

PMID- 968883
TI  - [Hormonal basis of normal menstrual bleeding].

PMID- 968884
TI  - [Hormonal control of gonadotropin production by the pituitary].

PMID- 968885
TI  - [Hemorrhages in abnormal production of gonadotropins].

PMID- 968886
TI  - [Menstruation disorders during dysfunction of endocrine organs other than the
      ovaries and pituitary].

PMID- 968887
TI  - [Iatrogenically induced hemorrhages].

PMID- 968888
TI  - [Specific medicamentous blocking of penicillin allergy].

PMID- 968889
TI  - [Heminevrin as an hypnotic for geriatric patients].

PMID- 968890
TI  - [Benzodiazepine preparations as hypnotics. Is there any difference between
      them?].

PMID- 968891
TI  - [Shortening of the upper jaw (brachygnathia superior) as a clinical feature of
      atrophic rhinitis in approximately eight-week-old piglets (author's transl)].
AB  - Determining the degree of shortening of the upper jaw is described as an
      effective and simple method by which piglets affected with severe atrophic
      rhinitis may be identified as early as the eighth week of life. A positive high
      correlation (r2 = 0.61) between shortening of the upper jaw and atrophy of the
      ventral conchae was found to be present in pigs at this age. Clinical and
      pathological studies of 2,000 heads of swine of various ages revealed changes of
      the conchae and nasal bones as well as shortening of the upper jaw in animals
      affected with atrophic rhinitis. Over 99 per cent of the affected animals showed
      changes of the conchae at an age of eight weeks. In 95 per cent of the cases, the
      nasal bones were also involved. In 92 per cent of the animals showing lesions of
      the conchae, which were pigs of two herds, the shortening of the upper jaw was
      given a grading of one or higher. In view of these findings, the piglets were
      selected for severe shorting of the upper jaw and deviation of the axis of the
      head. The losses caused by atrophic rhinitis were reduced to nil on these
      fattening farms.

PMID- 968892
TI  - [Role of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the aetiology of viruspneumonia in
      calves and yearlings ("pinkengriep") (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical picture of "pinkengriep", an enzootic form of bronchopneumonia in
      young cattle, is described. In addition to cough, conjunctivitis and a soporous
      state, accelerated respiration initially is an outstanding clinical symptom. In
      some cases, symptoms of fog fever appear during the second stage of the disease.
      In the autumn of 1973 and that of 1974, a total number of 292 animals with
      "pinkengriep" were serologically examined for known respiratory virus infections
      and Chlamydia. Complement fixation tests showed that there was significant
      increase in antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus in 76 per cent of the
      animals studied. In the case of para-influenza virus 3, virus diarrhoea virus,
      the adenoviruses of the antigen groups 1, 2 and 3, those of the antigen groups 4
      to 10 inclusive and Chlamydia, these proportions were 48, 13, 12, 11 en 10 per
      cent respectively. On the other hand, symptoms of infection with infectious
      bovine rhinotracheitis virus were absent in the herds studied. These findings
      suggest a possible role of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in "pinkengriep".

PMID- 968893
TI  - [Sequestration of the arytenoid cartilage in sheep (author's transl)].

PMID- 968894
TI  - [Co-operation between veterinarian and farm adviser, still an undeveloped field?
      (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].
AB  - In actual practice it does not often happen that the veterinarian gets into touch
      with the farm adviser, or vice versa, to exchange views on a particular farm or
      on problems in their fields of activity. As a rule, this is due to lack of time
      and/or insufficient acquaintance with each other. There are two fields in which
      effective co-operation between the two is possible, viz. the management of
      problem herds and in herd health practice. Interest is centering increasingly in
      the latter and it is precisely this field in which the farm adviser may also play
      an important role. It is claimed that working together at the solution of a
      (veterinary-agricultural) problem on a particular farm will contribute to a
      closer acquaintance on both sides. The initiative may be taken either by the
      veterinarian or by the farm adviser. This will possibly result in a happy
      collaboration in the future, not only in dealing with problem herds but also in
      hered health practice on those farms on which this is required (or desired).

PMID- 968895
TI  - Preparation of monospecific HLA antibodies from cross-reactive multispecific
      antisera.

PMID- 968896
TI  - Disease susceptibility genes--their identification by multiple case family
      studies.

PMID- 968897
TI  - A rapid HLA-D matching method using PHA blasts as responding cells (preliminary
      data on PHA blasts HLA-D typing).
AB  - Day 3-4 PHA stimulated lymphocytes were found to respond against HLA-D without
      any period of latency, thus allowing a discriminative MLR reading as early as 24
      48 h. The test is therefore characterized by the minute number of responding
      cells necessary (5 X 10(3)), a one-way reaction without additional treatment of
      the stimualtion normal lymphocytes (5 x 10(4)), and the rapid obtaining of data.
      We found the preliminary data testing its concordance with classical HLA-D typing
      encouraging and worthy of being tested on a larger scale. Using mitogen
      stimulated recipient cells stored frozen, HLA-D matching with potential donors
      was found to be feasible within 24-48 h. The mechanism of such a prompt response
      by mitogen stimulated lymphocytes is unknown but appears to be independent of the
      nature and dose of a given mitogen.

PMID- 968898
TI  - Psoriasis, sacro-iliitis and peripheral arthritis occurring in patients with the
      same HLA haplotype. A preliminary family report and a hypothetical explanation of
      the interaction between MHS products.
AB  - The present family investigation has shown that genes within the MHS are mainly
      responsible for the development of psoriasis or psoriasis-associated arthritic
      lesions (peripheral arthritis and sacroiliitis). We have hypothetically discussed
      the possibility that multiple genes, all located within the MHS, act in concert
      to increase the risk of developing disease to very high levels. This implies that
      at least two MHS linked genes act in complementary fashion for the development of
      disease, these genes seem to be able to operate both in the cis and in the trans
      position. One of these genes would be situated in the chromosomal portion of the
      MHS which carries the HLA-D locus. Families with a high incidence of disease
      would show inheritance according to the cis position of genes, when it can be
      shown that most of the carriers of the specific disease-associated haplotype are
      affected by disease, whereas in other families, complementarity between two
      distinct HLA haplotypes with genes acting in the trans position would result in
      disease.

PMID- 968899
TI  - A "natural" anti-HLA-A2 antibody reacting with homozygous cells.
AB  - In the serum of a young normal male, never transfused, a cold cytotoxic IgM
      antibody was found reacting exclusively with A2 homozygous cells on a French
      panel, as shown by population and family studies. This antibody needs about two
      to five times more lymphocytes or platelets to be absorbed than an immune anti-A2
      of the same titre. The antigen recognized by this antibody seems to be covered by
      the same molecule as HLA-A2, according to redistribution experiments.

PMID- 968900
TI  - Rga (Rodgers) and the HLA region: linkage and associations.
AB  - In 19 families with 97 children the segregation of Rga (Rodgers) was found to be
      compatible with Mendelian inheritance and five backcross and 14 intercross
      families were found among HLA and Bf typed families. Close linkage (lods + 17.82)
      without recombination was found between Rg and the HLA region, with a direct
      count of 96 nonrecombinant meioses for Rg-HLA-B. Rg- was strongly associated with
      HLA-B8 (29 of 30 haplotypes) and probably associated with Bw40, but did occur on
      other HLA-B haplotypes. By inference Rg- is negatively associated with Ch-
      (Chido). The Rg-Ch- haplotype has not been observed. Rga and Cha may or may not
      be coded for by different sites of the same cistron closely linked to HLA-B:C and
      cannot as yet be excluded from being parts of B or C.

PMID- 968901
TI  - Behcet disease and the HLA system.
AB  - Seventy-three unrelated patients with Behcet disease together with 33 members of
      seven families with at least two patients per family were tissue typed for 26
      antigens of the HLA system. The patients with the complete type of Behcet disease
      were found to have HLA-B5 more significantly than healthy individuals. Family
      studies suggest that the genes closely linked to HLA locus influence the degree
      of severity of Behcet disease.

PMID- 968902
TI  - Effects of dietary protein level on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in
      rats.

PMID- 968903
TI  - Acute toxicity of etidocaine following various routes of administration in the
      dog.

PMID- 968904
TI  - Effects of acute and chronic dieldrin administration on liver and plasma
      esterases of the rat.

PMID- 968905
TI  - Cholinesterase and carboxylesterase inhibition by dichlorvos and interactions
      with malathion and triorthotolyl phosphate.

PMID- 968906
TI  - Fate of [14C]vinyl chloride following inhalation exposure in rats.

PMID- 968907
TI  - Effects of cadmium on nucleic acid and protein synthesis in rat liver.

PMID- 968908
TI  - Plasma fluoride concentrations in rats acutely poisoned with sodium fluoride.

PMID- 968909
TI  - Acute oral and percutaneous toxicity of phosalone in the rat, in comparison with
      azinphosmethyl and parathion.

PMID- 968910
TI  - Subacute toxicity studies with sodium saccharin and two hydrolytic derivatives.
AB  - The subacute toxicity of sodium saccharin and 2 hydrolytic derivatives, o
      sulfamoylbenzoic acid (Compound I) and ammonium o-carboxybenzene sulfonate
      (Compound II) was evaluated by feeding each of the compounds alone at a dietary
      level of 20 000 ppm to both beagle dogs and albino rats. Additionally, groups of
      dogs and rats were fed combinations of the 3 materials at levels up to 20 000 ppm
      (2000 ppm sodium saccharin, 9000 ppm of both Compound I and II). Dogs were
      maintained on the test diets for 16 weeks, rats for 13 weeks. No signs of a
      pharmacotoxic response to the test materials were observed. Parameters determined
      for treated animals, including growth, food consumption, hematologic profiles,
      clinical blood chemistry studies, urinalyses, organ weight and ratio data, and
      both gross and microscopic pathologic evaluation, were not significantly
      different from control values. From these findings, it is suggested that there is
      little toxicologic hazard associated with ingestion of the 2 hydrolytic
      derivatives of sodium saccharin.

PMID- 968911
TI  - The carcinogenic response in mice to the topical application of propane sultone
      to the skin.
AB  - The carcinogenic effects of limited and repeated skin applications of propane
      sultone were investigated in three strains of mice, CF1, C3H and CBah (a hairless
      strain). Propane sultone was shown to be carcinogenic when given as a single
      application of a 25% w/v solution in toluene and also following twice weekly
      application of a 2.5% w/v solution for up to 58 weeks. More limited exposure to
      2.5% w/v solutions of propane sultone resulted in a few skin tumours, although
      the incidences were not statistically significant. Most neoplasms were papillomas
      or carcinomas, although a small number of mesenchymal tumours of dermal origin
      also developed. No skin neoplasms were found in any control mice. The skin
      application of propane sultone was associated with a statistically significant
      increase in the incidence of systematic neoplasia in CFl and C3H mice. The
      exposed CFl mice had a higher incidence of neoplasms of lymphoreticular and lung
      origin, while female C3H mice showed a higher incidence of mammary gland and
      uterine tumours. In mice exposed to beta-propiolactone as a positive control,
      neoplasms developed at the site of application but, there was no evidence of
      increased systemic neoplasis in contrast to the findings with ptopane sultone.

PMID- 968912
TI  - Normal and lethal mercury levels in human beings.
AB  - Ethyl mercury in the form of Granosan M was used as a fungicide in dressing
      grains in Iraq. Disregarding warnings and precautions by the authorities, some
      villagers used this grain in making their bread. Tissue specimens of poisoned
      people were analysed for total mercury contents using the flameless atomic
      absorption spectroscopic technique. The analytical method used is highly
      sensitive (1 ppb/1% absorbance), and the precision in terms of relative standard
      deviation (RSD) was about 1.5%. The ranges of mercury content in ppm units in the
      two cases of poisoning were 8-9 for the kidneys, 6-7 for livers, 3-5 for the
      cerebella, and about 15 for the blood. The analyses included some other tissues
      as well. Control values were also present. These were obtained from human beings
      who died by accident and showed no signs of mercury poisoning.

PMID- 968913
TI  - Inhalation toxicity studies on cigarette smoke. I. A versatile exposure system
      for inhalation toxicity studies on cigarette smoke.
AB  - A detailed description is given of the design and operation of a new smoking
      machine built for inhalation toxicity studies with small laboratory animals.
      Brief details are given of smoke monitoring carried out to determine the extent
      of loss of particulated matter along the smoke path through the machine.

PMID- 968914
TI  - [Toxicokinetics of a thioquinoxaline component: the oxythioquinox (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The absorption and distribution of Morestan 35S in the organism of the rat were
      studied after administration by stomach tube. It was shown that Morestan, in vivo
      and in vitro, forms a complex with plasma proteins and particularly with
      albumins. Most of the plasma Morestan is distributed like this. After intravenous
      admininstration, the constant of elimination, K13, and the biological half-life
      determination show that plasma Morestan 35S is eliminated very slowly. The K12
      and K21 constants indicate that there is an equilibrium between the plasma
      compartment and a peripheral compartment. After intragastric administration, the
      increase of radioactivity in epididymal adipose tissue, indicate that the
      peripheral compartment should include the adipose tissue.

PMID- 968915
TI  - Inhalation toxicity studies on cigarette smoke II. Tobacco smoke inhalation
      dosimetry studies on small laboratory animals.
AB  - A newly developed exposure system has been used to carry out smoke dosimetry
      studies on rats, mice, hamsters and guinea pigs. In all species, smoke total
      particulate matter (TPM) deposited in significant amounts in the lower
      respiratory system (LRS) at dose levels ranging from 0.515 to 1.710 mg TPM/g
      respiratory tissue. Nasal deposition of smoke particulates did occur in all of
      the species examined. The significance of these dosimetry data in relation to the
      conduct of long-term comparative inhalation toxicity studies with tobacco smoke
      is discussed.

PMID- 968916
TI  - Inhalation toxicity studies on cigarette smoke III. Tobacco smoke inhalation
      dosimetry study on rats.
AB  - Smoke inhalation dosimetry studies have been carried out on rats, using a new
      exposure system. A range of cigarettes, tobacco types and smoke concentrations
      was used. Penetration of smoke into the lungs was clearly demonstrated, and loads
      of total particulate matter (TPM) of up 1 mg were detected in the lower
      respiratory system of rats. The mass of TPM deposited was affected by the smoke
      concentration during exposure. Deposition of TPM in the head of the rat was low
      in relation to total respiratory system deposition. A pattern of predominantly
      lung deposition was achieved under the conditions used for this series of
      experiments. This pattern was not affected by changes in smoke dilution level,
      cigarette or tobacco type.

PMID- 968917
TI  - Inhalation experiments with 14C-labelled cigarette smoke. III. Body size
      dependent distribution of particulate matter in small rodents during cigarette
      smoke inhalation.
AB  - Syrian golden and European hamsters were exposed to 14C-labelled cigarette smoke.
      The deposition of the 14C activity in the respiratory and digestive tracts was
      determined immediately after the exposure. From the results obtained it can be
      seen that the distribution of particulate matter between the upper and lower
      respiratory tract, as well as, between the respiratory and digestive tracts is
      related to the body weight of the experimental animals.

PMID- 968918
TI  - Time-dependent disappearance of ochratoxin A residues in tissues of bacon pigs.
AB  - Crystalline ochratoxin A was administered to bacon pigs for one month. After
      termination of toxin exposure the pigs were slaughtered at different intervals
      and analyses for ochratoxin A residues in four tissues were conducted. Kidneys
      contained the highest concentrations, and fat the lowest, at each interval.
      Ochratoxin A disappeared from muscles and fat after 2 weeks, from liver after 3
      weeks, and from the kidneys after 4 weeks. The toxin disappeared from tissues
      exponentially. All the pigs would have passed the meat inspection because no
      pathologic lesions were developed although tissues contained mycotoxin residues.
      The results of this study indicate that contamination of meat by ochratoxin A may
      be avoided by feeding pigs ochratoxin-free feed during the last 4 weeks before
      slaughter.

PMID- 968919
TI  - Mutagenicity studies on irradiated potatoes and chlorogenic acid; micronucleus
      test in rats.
AB  - The micronucleus test was used to study possible mutagenic effects of (1)
      Irradiated potatoes extracted (a) immediately and (b) after 24-h storage
      following irradiation; (2) Irradiated and unirradiated chlorogenic acid; and (3)
      Trenimon. It was observed that irradiated potatoes (groups 1 a, b) and
      chlorogenic acid (group 2) did not cause mutagenic effects in the bone-marrow
      cells of rats. The Trenimon group (group 3), which was used as the positive
      control group, did show significant mutagenic effects.

PMID- 968920
TI  - Mortality from influenza and pneumonia.

PMID- 968921
TI  - Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and poliomyelitis in the United States.

PMID- 968922
TI  - [Practice of computer use in radiotherapy planning].
AB  - The main problems of radiotherapy planning are discussed with respect to use of
      computers now being available for a greater number of centers. One of the most
      essential premises is apart from clear ideas on a modern target volume concept -
      a sufficiently high speed in producing realistic summarized isodose contours for
      any radiation therapy arrangement in any individual patient's cross section
      outline. This problem being solved, those individual summarized isodose figures
      have to be critically evaluated and therefore the importance of applicable
      meaningful optimization criteria come into account. The properties of such
      criteria, which must be quantifiable, generally applicable and really relevant
      for judgement on quality of a plan, had to be accepted, before automatic
      optimization procedures could be developed; principles involved are presented. By
      means of a short series of examples, namely 60Co fixed field combinations with
      and without use of wedges, combinations of arc therapy for a number of clinical
      tasks. It has been pointed out, that most experienced estimate by the eye would
      have been by far insufficient when compared to the automized computer
      optimization when using such simple criteria as 1. homogeneity of absorbed dose
      within target volume, 2. numerically limited absorbed dose within areas of risk,
      3. as low as possible radiation effects to all "outside areas". It seems to be a
      real danger, that so called isodose libraries, how high their merits might be
      estimated, may change into an "isodose bcemetery", unless we'll be successful for
      each individual clinical case by use of computers, which are now prepared to
      supply the best possible variant of the standard plan or the primary radiotherapy
      idea. Regular use of computers in such a way will furthermore give an
      incomparable documentation material.

PMID- 968923
TI  - [Additive treatment of metastasizing breast cancer with special reference to
      postmenopausal age (results of a randomized study)].
AB  - Two therapy groups were formed at random out of 82 patients with progressive
      carcinoma of the breast. One was treated with estrogens, namely 17-ethinyl 1,3,5
      estratriene 3,17 diol (SH 8.1083). The second group was treated with depot
      preparations consisting of a combination of estrogens and gestagens; these
      patients received 90 mg estradiol valerianate and 300 mg 17-hydroxy-19
      norprogesterone caproate (SH 8.0834) weekly. The estrogen therapy resulted in a
      remission rate of 48% (complete remission 21.1%, partial remission 26.9%). The
      remission rate of the combination treatment was 46.6% (complete remission 23.3%,
      partial remission 23.3%). There was no considerable difference between the
      remission rates produced by the two therapeutik methods. It is remarkable that
      much more osseous remissions were found under the combination therapy of
      estrogens and gestagens. There were no substantial differences between the
      remission rates of the soft-tissue metastases and the pleuropulmonary metastases.
      In the estrogen group the remissions took 7.7 months, whereas an average
      remission period of 8.3 months was observed in the estrogen-gestagen group.

PMID- 968924
TI  - [Experiences with mammography, plate thermography and cytology as triple
      diagnosis].
AB  - A report is given on 814 patients who had undergone a mamma examination by means
      of mammographies, plate thermographies, and, if indicated, punction cytologies.
      On the basis of our experiences with this triple diagnosis we drafted a
      preliminary control scheme.

PMID- 968925
TI  - The incidence and treatment of intestinal and urological complications after
      combined radiotherapy for uterine carcinomas.
AB  - OPNE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FOUR PATIENTS WITH GYNECOLOGICAL CARCINOMAS (104 ca colli
      uteri, 60 cacorporis uteri) were examined retrospectively two to seven years
      after combined internal-external radiotherapy. Thirty-seven per cent of the
      patients displayed mild intestinal symptoms during the therapy. The frequency of
      symptoms remained unchanged after the termination of therapy, though they tended
      to become more severe. Twenty-five per cent of the patients had urological
      symptoms during the therapy. Their rate remained the same during the arly follow
      up, but increased subsequently, because the frequencies of infections and
      hematuria had increased. Fourteen patients developed a complication requiring
      operative treatment five to fifty-seven months after the discontinuation of
      therapy. Three of them had both intestinal and urological complications, while
      six had only urological complications. The intestinal complications were repaired
      with smallgut resections and colostomies, while the urological complications
      (ureteral strictures) were repaired with different diversion operations with good
      operative results. Thirteen of the patients with serious complications are alive.
      One patient had died of profuse rectovaginal bleeding. The mean radiation doses
      employed were not different in the group with serious complications. Evleven of
      the patients with complications suffered from different concurrent diseases,
      which may have diminished their radiation tolerance. The radiotherapy of
      gynecological malignancies ought to be preformed individually noticing the
      intestinal reactions during the therapy and the concurrent disease. The value of
      renography in early detection of urinary tract complications is stressed.

PMID- 968926
TI  - Procedure for field axes measurement, beam indication adjustment, and figure of
      convergence determination within performance tests for radiation therapy
      equipment.
AB  - A routine measuring procedure for the verification of radiation field axes and
      figure of convergence within a spatial resolution of +/- 0.5 mm is described.
      Measurements are done in two parallel planes in a certain distance before and
      behind the presumed isocentre. The used test arrangement permits rapid check and
      controlled adjustment of the alignment of beam or isocentre indicating devices
      for all isocentic radiation therapy equipment.

PMID- 968927
TI  - Effects of tritiated thymidine on cell population kinetics.
AB  - This paper reports growth-kinetic data of Chinese Hamster tissue culture cells
      exposed at various times to differnt activities (0.05 muCi/ml up to 10.0 muCi/ml
      of tritiated thymidine. The analysis of the results aims at the determination of
      colony-size distribution and to the cellular capacity of reproduction after
      treatment which is reflected in the cell division spectrum within dialy
      intervals. The results of the growth-curves represented were converted into
      integrated curves of colony-size distribution, and their alteration as
      exponential curves for estimation of the cell cycle as a function of culture time
      was established. The recovery process and course determination of population
      kinetics following the 3H-TdR-treatments were evaluated.

PMID- 968929
TI  - [Testing time rules for leaks of enclosed radioactive materials].

PMID- 968928
TI  - The relationship between the population size and the postirradiation mortality of
      mice with respect to individual differences in stress reactivity.
AB  - Differences in radiosensitivity, expressed by the death rate up to the 30th day
      after irradiation by single whole-body exposures in the region of LD50, were
      followed in mice caged in groups by five, 15 and 25 individuals. No marked
      differences in the whole=group mortality of differently sized collectives were
      detected. Preirradiation as well as postirradiation leucocyte counts (after a
      sublethal irradiation) exhibit, however, differences, which correspond to an
      assumed different degree of the adrenocortical activity in differently sized
      collectives. Also the follow-up of the stress reactivity of the animals by
      measuring the Na/K ratio in 24-hour-samples of urine prior to irradiation
      demonstrated marked differences between the groups with low number and high
      number of animals in a cage. By correlating values of this indirect indicator of
      the adrenocortical activity with manifestations of the individual
      radiosensitivity it was found that the extremely hyporeactive animals (belonging
      to groups with five animals per cage) and the extremely hyperreactive ones
      (belonging to groups with 25 animals per cage) exhibit a markedly higher
      mortality. The absence of differences in the whole-group mortality of differently
      sized collectives can be explained by the existence of nonlinear "U"-shaped
      relations between the adrenocortical activity and the individuals'
      radiosensitivity. The results support the conception on the unfavorable
      prognostic significance of unbalanced reactions of homeostatic functions of
      system regulation under conditions of radiation syndrome.

PMID- 968930
TI  - Fertility and contraceptive practice: Bogota, 1964-74.
AB  - The results of a 1974 survey of 6,692 Bogota women aged 15-49 conducted by the
      Colombian Association for Population Studies show that, in the last decade,
      approval of family planning practice increased 34 percent, contraceptive practice
      nearly doubled, and fertility declined by over 45 percent. Life-table analysis
      shows unusually high continuation rates for Bogota women. Data concerning
      crossovers between Bogota's three family planning programs and the commercial
      sector indicate that the manufacturers of contraceptives benefit from program
      activities. The study demonstrates, for the first time in Latin America, the
      feasibility of using a probability sample of the general female population to
      evaluate family planning programs.

PMID- 968931
TI  - Effectiveness of the Iranian auxiliary midwife in IUD insertion.
AB  - In Iran, a traditional rural midwife is allowed to perform pelvic exams and
      insert IUD'S under conditions of almost total independence after she has received
      one month of intensive training in the procedures. The present study compared two
      groups containing 232 village women each, matched for age and parity. One group
      had IUDs inserted by rural midwives and the other by physicians or nurse-midwives
      at ubran clinics. The one-year and two-year closure rates for the two groups were
      very similar, as were the net closure rates for various categories of
      termination. No cases of severe complication were known to have occurred in
      either series. This evidence indicates that a rural midwife, following short,
      intensive training in the technique, can insert IUDs as safely and effectively as
      physicians and nurse-midwives.

PMID- 968932
TI  - Influence of separation techniques on the distribution and function of lymphocyte
      subpopulations. A comparison of three techniques.
AB  - The effect, if any, of three different lymphocyte separation techniques on the
      composition and functional characteristics of the purified cell suspensions has
      been studied. Each separation technique was shown to yield a cell population with
      highly specific and reproducible characteristics. The Ficoll-Hypaque technique
      led to good lymphocyte yields but low yields of sheep erythrocyte-rosetting (E
      rosetting) T cells, and the separated cell population responded least well to
      phytohemagglutinin. The glass sand filtration technique led to lowest overall
      yield of small lymphocytes and of EAC-rosetting cells. There was significantly
      lower total yield of E-rosetting T cell as well, but the separated lymphocyte
      suspension had excellent purity, had relatively high percentage of E-rosetting T
      cells, and they responded extremely well to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed
      mitogen (PWM). The Technicon separation involving magneticremoval of phagocytic
      cells by exposure to iron particles consistently led to large yields of small
      lymphocytes with good purity, the largest total harvests of E-rosetting T cells,
      as well as EAC-rosetting cells while the separated population had the highest
      percentage of E-rosetting cells and responded very well to PHA and PWM. These
      results show that lymphocyte losses during purification are not nonspecific and
      that the choice of the separation technique profoundly affects the
      characteristics of the purified lymphocyte population obtainable.

PMID- 968933
TI  - Cell interaction in tumor allograft immunity. Suppressor cell in the spleen of
      allogeneic tumor-sensitized mice.
AB  - The cytotoxic activity of lymphoid cells from allogeneic tumor-sensitized mice in
      three different strain combinations was tested at various intervals after i.p.
      sensitization. Peritoneal cells (PC) gave the highest cytotoxic index. The
      cytotoxic activity of the PC was due to both peritoneal lymphocytees (PL) and
      peritoneal macrophages (PM). Splenic macrophages, on the other hand, exerted an
      inhibitory effect as evidenced by increased cytotoxic activity of spleen treated
      with antimacrophages serum (AMS). Increased cytotoxic activity was also found in:
      (1) the nonadherent fraction of spleen after absorption on glass; (2) the
      effluent fraction of spleen after nylon wool column filtration; and (3) the
      medium density band after centrifugation of spleen on a discontinuous bovine
      serum albumin gradient. The results suggest the presence of an AMS-sensitive,
      glass- and nylon wool-adherent spleen cell which could have a suppressor role in
      allogeneic tumor-sensitized mice.

PMID- 968934
TI  - Inhibition of parental tumor colony formation by cells from a semi allogeneic
      mixed spleen cell reaction.
AB  - Cells capable of inhibiting colony formation by the DBA/2 fibrosarcoma SaD2-AG
      and mammary adenocarcinoma CaD2 are generated in vitro during semiallogeneic
      histoincompatibility reactions between DBA/2 and (C3H/He X DBA/2)F1 hybrid spleen
      cells. These colony-inhibiting cells adhere strongly to plastic, develop from
      nonadherent precursors, and retain colony-inhibiting ability even after receiving
      5,000 rads of ionizing radiation.

PMID- 968935
TI  - Improved sensitivity of a microassay for allo- and xenoantibodies to mouse
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 968936
TI  - Survival of hematogenously disseminated allogeneic tumor cells in athymic nude
      mice.

PMID- 968937
TI  - Further evaluation of 86rb in lymphocyte cytotoxicity.

PMID- 968938
TI  - Problems of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 968939
TI  - Disaster management in tropical countries.

PMID- 968940
TI  - Health aspects in natural disasters.

PMID- 968941
TI  - The organization of medical services for disaster in a tropical country.

PMID- 968942
TI  - Drought in the Sahel: the debit side of development?

PMID- 968943
TI  - Drugs and supplies for disaster relief.

PMID- 968944
TI  - Conditions in a refugee camp in Bangladesh in 1972.

PMID- 968945
TI  - International health planning.

PMID- 968946
TI  - Research in a "bush hospital" in Africa.

PMID- 968947
TI  - Two-wheel collapsible stretcher trolley for bush-track roads.

PMID- 968948
TI  - The history of the ox warble fly in Cyprus.
AB  - The eradication of ox warble fly from Cyprus is described. Initially, the major
      part of the eradication consisted of dressing every bovine animal with derris at
      monthly intervals between December and May (inclusive), but in the final and
      critical stages when the level of infestation had fallen to 0-2 per cent, it was
      found that the most efficient and economical approach was to offer a financial
      reward to any stock-owner reporting the presence of warble fly.

PMID- 968949
TI  - Haematological values of Nigerian goats and sheep.
AB  - Haematological parameters were determined in healthy Nigerian breeds of goats and
      sheep. Most values in the Nigerian goats were similar to those reported for
      temperate breeds of goats although the haemoglobin concentrations and the MCHC
      were lower. The haematocrit, haemoglobin concentrations and red cell counts of
      the West African Dwarf sheep were lower while the MCV were higher than those
      reported for sheep in the temperate climate. RBC values decreased with age in
      both Nigerian goats and sheep. Although sex pregnancy appeared to have little or
      no influence on the erythrocytic values, pregnant ewes had higher haematocrit and
      haemoglobin values. The low erythrocytic values were attributed to a low but
      constant parasitic burden which affected the flocks studied. Total leucocyte
      counts were considerably higher in the Nigerian goats and sheep than those
      reported for temperate breeds of animals. Young goats had higher total leucocyte
      counts while pregnant goats had reduced leucocyte counts. The leucocytic values
      were not affected by age and sex. Pregnant ewes also had higher leucocyte counts
      than non-pregnant ewes and rams.

PMID- 968950
TI  - Differences among cattle and farms as related to beef cow reproduction in the
      eastern plains of Colombia.
AB  - In the tropical savannas of Colombia, the Llanos Orientales, a field survey of 40
      beef herds leased by farmers through a cooperative indicated that these herds had
      mean annual calving rates of 52 and 55 per cent in the Plains and Piedmont zones,
      respectively. Within zones, very large differences in reproductive rates were
      found between herds. The differences seemed to be associated with the soils and
      climates of the areas, condition and weight of cows and breed of cow. Only 9 to
      13 per cent of nursing cows were found to be pregnant. Conception was seasonal,
      occurring mostly in the dry and early rainy seasons. Control of the time of
      weaning of calves, routine mineral supplementation and improved pasture
      management appeared to offer immediate possibilities for economically improving
      output of calves.

PMID- 968951
TI  - Growth and carcass characteristics of cattle and buffalo breeds reared on a dry
      zone pasture in Sri Lanka (Ceylon).
AB  - Growth and carcass characteristics were measured on calves from three cattle
      breeds-the Sinhala, Red Sindhi and Friesian-and two buffalo breeds-the local
      buffalo and Murrah. The growth study was carried out on Brachiaria brizantha
      pasture over a period of 48 weeks. The two buffalo breeds grew fastest followed
      by the two Bos indicus breeds. The Friesian cattle grew at the slowest rate. The
      Sinhala and local buffalo had normal haematocrit values while the values for all
      other breeds were lower. The Sinhala and local buffalo had the highest carcass
      dressing percentages  and the highest muscle; bone ratios. Tenderness measured by
      Warner-Bratzler shear force values and palatability scores by a taste panel were
      similar for meat from cattle and buffalo.

PMID- 968952
TI  - The maintenance of the argasid tick Ornithodoros moubata (Murray) on embryonated
      hen eggs.
AB  - A laboratory colony of O. moubata was maintained entirely by feeding on the
      exposed membranes of embryonated hen eggs at the 17-19th day stage of incubation
      at 37 degrees C. There was no loss of either vigour or fecundity. The method gave
      markedly superior results to those obtained by feeding on rabbits, rats, mice and
      guinea-pigs. More convenient and economical than any alternative, the method has
      valuable advantages in its applicability to a wide range of pathogens.

PMID- 968953
TI  - Bigalkenema curvispiculum, Longistrongylus meyeri and Haemonchus spp. (Nematoda:
      Trichostrongylidae) in sheep and goats in Kenya.

PMID- 968954
TI  - The effect of calf lymph and bovine red blood cells on in vitro cultivation of
      Theileria parva-infected lymphoid cells.
AB  - Calf lymph introduced to cultures of Theileria parva-infected lymphoid cells
      caused a stimulation of both cells and parasites resulting in the formation of
      rapidly dividing cells and the developmental stages of the parasite. The presence
      of piroplasms was confirmed when washed bovine red blood corpuscles were added to
      the culture

PMID- 968955
TI  - [Diagnosis of early myocardial infarct. Value of the formazan test in a
      consecutive medico-legal autopsy series].

PMID- 968956
TI  - [Rupture of the heart in acute myocardial infarct. Degree of stenosing
      atherosclerosis].

PMID- 968957
TI  - [Preparation of an erythrocyte concentrate from whole blood in plastic packs for
      patients with previous febrile reactions to transfusion].

PMID- 968958
TI  - [Severe tetanus originating from a gangrenous ileum].

PMID- 968959
TI  - [Editorial: Tetanus 1976].

PMID- 968960
TI  - [Editorial: Industrialization and health].

PMID- 968962
TI  - [The hierarchy pyramid pushed to extremes. Presentation of a psychiatric
      department for adults].

PMID- 968961
TI  - [Correlation between industrialization and mortality in selected Danish
      communities].

PMID- 968963
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of stress incontinence in a gynecological department].

PMID- 968964
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic coma by continuous infusion of low doses of insulin].

PMID- 968965
TI  - [Monoamniotic twin pregnancy. A case with intrauterine fetal death resulting from
      inter-fetal transfusion syndrome and aplasia of 1 of the umbilical arteries in 1
      of the infants].

PMID- 968966
TI  - [May-Hegglin anomaly].

PMID- 968967
TI  - [Snake bites].

PMID- 968968
TI  - [Donor insemination].

PMID- 968969
TI  - [Drugs and fetus].

PMID- 968970
TI  - [Report on public registries].

PMID- 968971
TI  - [Orientation concerning possibilities for younger Danish physicians in New South
      Wales, Australia].

PMID- 968972
TI  - [Treatment of psoriasis with 8-methoxypsoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light].

PMID- 968974
TI  - [Editorial: Psoriasis and phototherapy].

PMID- 968973
TI  - [Drug information. Potassium problems during treatment with diuretics].

PMID- 968975
TI  - [Carbon tetrachloride poisoning. A 10-year patient series].

PMID- 968976
TI  - [Treatment of acute herpes zoster with acupuncture and sympathetic blocks. A
      controlled study].

PMID- 968977
TI  - [Arteritis in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 968978
TI  - [Histidinemia].

PMID- 968979
TI  - [Letter: Antibiotic treatment in pneumonia].

PMID- 968981
TI  - [Letter from a trip to Angola].

PMID- 968980
TI  - Diagnostic limits of collagen diseases.

PMID- 968982
TI  - Scombroid poisoning. Isolation and identification of "saurine".

PMID- 968983
TI  - Fatty acids of the lipids of murrels.

PMID- 968984
TI  - Determination of calcium, potassium, chlorine, sulphure, and phosphorus in meat
      and meat products by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.

PMID- 968985
TI  - Gliadin proteins from Maris Widgeon wheat.

PMID- 968986
TI  - An automated colorimetric method for determining oxalic acid in plant material.

PMID- 968987
TI  - [A Danish cholinesterase card index].

PMID- 968988
TI  - [Current medical statistics VIII. Sterilizations 1974-1975].

PMID- 968989
TI  - [Editorial: We are drunken].

PMID- 968991
TI  - [Prevalence of mental disorders in preschool children. II. Social background and
      treatment].

PMID- 968990
TI  - [Prevalence of mental disorders in preschool children. I. Behavior
      characteristics].

PMID- 968992
TI  - [District child psychiatry. Report on the 1st year in an outpatient child
      psychiatric clinic in the County of Vejle with particular reference to the form
      of work].

PMID- 968993
TI  - [Child psychiatry in general practice with a specialist as consultant. I.
      Prevalence and diagnosis].

PMID- 968994
TI  - [Result of registration in a child psychiatry department. II].

PMID- 968995
TI  - [Radiological and stethoscopic assessment of pulmonary stasis].

PMID- 968996
TI  - [Oral administration of procainamide for ventricular arrhythmia. Plasma
      concentrations during use of tablets(Pronestyl) and a slow-release preparation
      (Porcainamide Durettes)].

PMID- 968997
TI  - [Serum concentrations of procainamide during treatment with ordinary and
      sustained-release tablets].

PMID- 968998
TI  - [Sand fleas. A souvenir from holidays in the tropics].

PMID- 968999
TI  - [Urinary incontinence in women].

PMID- 969001
TI  - [Radiotherapy in benign joint diseases].

PMID- 969000
TI  - [Food and heart disease].

PMID- 969002
TI  - [Low dose p-pills, Gynatrol and Mikrogyn].

PMID- 969003
TI  - [Prolonged intubation and stenosis of the larynx and trachea].

PMID- 969004
TI  - [Iatrogenic disability -- a possible consequence of diagnostic suggestion].

PMID- 969005
TI  - [Clinical demonstration of left side cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 969006
TI  - [Development and distribution of morbidity among 1, 791 smiths].

PMID- 969007
TI  - [The Health Care Board's medical records' system in pregnancy and delivery].

PMID- 969008
TI  - [Apomorphine treatment of withdrawal symptoms in young opiate addicts].

PMID- 969009
TI  - [21,799 neonates screened for cystic fibrosis with BM-Test Meconium].

PMID- 969010
TI  - [Roentgen examination of the colon. For what is it used and what is its value? A
      study of its efficacy].

PMID- 969011
TI  - [Examination of the colon after oral administration of barium without prior
      evacuation].

PMID- 969012
TI  - [Familial cardiomyopathy. Peripartum and primary congestive cardiomyopathy in a
      sister and brother].

PMID- 969013
TI  - [Lead problems].

PMID- 969014
TI  - [Uptake and excretion of lead in workers in a concentrate warehouse in a mining
      town in greenland].

PMID- 969015
TI  - Medical personnel in prison 30.VI.1976.

PMID- 969016
TI  - [The epidemic of asthma mortality in the 1960's. Aerosol spray as cause of the
      deaths].

PMID- 969017
TI  - [Aspirin disease. Bronchial asthma and rhinitis caused by analgesics, food
      coloring agents and food preservatives].

PMID- 969018
TI  - [Status asthamticus with possible infectious-allergic pathogenesis].

PMID- 969019
TI  - [Ultrasonics or CT-scanning?].

PMID- 969021
TI  - [Allergology in Denmark].

PMID- 969020
TI  - [Drug information. Drugs and the fetus. 5].

PMID- 969022
TI  - Effects of head-out water immersion on cardiorespiratory responses to maximal
      cycling exercise.
AB  - Our objectives were to determine effects of head-out immersion (HOI), scuba
      breathing, and water temperature on cardiorespiratory responses to maximal
      aerobic work. Measurements of VO2, VE, and heart rate (HR) were obtained on seven
      men (27 yr, 177 cm, 67 kg) as they performed the same upright bicycling exercise
      to exhaustion (4-5 min) in 23 degrees C air and 30 degrees C water. Maximal
      oxygen uptake (VO2 max) during HOI was 3.18 liters - min-1, which was not
      statistically different from the mean of 3.29 liters- min-1 in air. When
      compressed air was breathed via scuba during HOI, VO2 max was 3.12 liters- min-1
      and not significantly different from that when room air was breathed and a low
      resistance valve in water was used. HOI decreased VE by 15.7 liters - min-1 and
      HR by 10 beats (b) - min-1. Scuba breathing further reduced VE by 22.0 liters -
      min-1. Similar measurements were made on four of the subjects after 18 min of HOI
      in water temperatures of 35,30, and 25 degrees C. Water temperature had no
      significant affect on VO2 max, although HR was 8 b- min-1 lower in 30 degrees C
      and 15 b - min-1 lower in 25 degrees C as compared to 35 degrees C water. The
      results show that VO2 max was not significantly changed by HOI, scuba breathing,
      or brief exposures to 25, 30, and 35 degrees C water, despite significant
      reductions that occurred for VE and HR.

PMID- 969023
TI  - Diving at diminished atmospheric pressure: air decompression tables for different
      altitudes.
AB  - Fifty subjects performed 106 simulated dives at a final ambient pressure of 0.7
      at (3000 m above sea level). One hundred and forty-three subjects performed 278
      actual controlled dives at altitudes 900-1700 m above sea level. From the
      experience of these dives, air-decompression tables for altitudes 0-3200 m above
      sea level were calculated. Tables up to 2000 m above sea level were tested on
      humans under wet conditions.

PMID- 969024
TI  - Longitudinal study of performance after deep compressions with heliox and He-N2
      O2.
AB  - This study concerns three hyperbaric experiments. During SAGITTAIRE iv,
      compression to 610 msw was accomplished in 11 days with an atmosphere of helium
      oxygen. For the two CORAZ experiments, compression to 300 msw was done in 4 hours
      with He-N2-O2 trimix, varying nitrogen concentration from CORAZI (2.8 ATA N2 =9%)
      to CORAZ II (1.4 ATA N2=4.5%). Oxygen partial pressure was always maintained at
      0.4 ATA except during decompression. The same two subjects participated in all
      three experiments and underwent the following psychometric tests: manual
      dexterity, visual choice-reaction time, and number ordination. Results show a
      large decrement in performance at 610 msw after slow compression (-50% and -47%
      on the number ordination test, -34% and -24% on the visual choice-reaction time).
      Test performance was less affected after the rapid compressions to 300 msw, and
      recuperation to control values occurred within 1 day at 300 msw. Our data show
      that 1.4 ATA N2 is less detrimental to performance than 2.8 ATA N2 for trimix
      compressions to 300 msw in 4 hours.

PMID- 969025
TI  - Effects of increased O2-N2 pressure and breathing apparatus on respiratory
      function.
AB  - The ventilatory response of four subjects was measured at rest and various
      intensities of exercise. Experiments were conducted in a dry pressure chamber (1)
      at 1 ATA and 4 ATA with the subjects breathing from a low-resistance mouthpiece,
      and (2) at ATA with the subjects breathing from open-circuit breathing apparatus
      (Royal Naval Swimmers' Air Breathing Apparatus). At 4 ATA there was significant
      hypoventilation and hypercapnia, together with an increased tidal volume and
      lower respiratory frequency. The use of the breathing apparatus tended to amplify
      these changes in ventilatory response. In addition, the extent of hypercapnia at
      4 ATA was related to the exercise intensity. When subjects breathed from a low
      resistance mouthpiece, oxygen uptake was significantly greater at 4 ATA than at
      the surface for the same ergometric work load, but when they breathed from the
      breathing apparatus, the increase in oxygen uptake was not significant in
      comparison to surface values. At 4 ATA bradycardia was evident at all levels of
      exercise but was not affected significantly by the presence of the breathing
      apparatus.

PMID- 969026
TI  - Critical flicker frequency (CFF) and subjective fatigue during an oxyhelium
      saturation dive at 62 ATA.
AB  - Two divers spent over 50 hours at 610 msw in a helium-oxygen mixture (PO2:0.38
      0.52 ATA). The dive duration was 27 days, including predive stages of
      confinement, compression, time at maximum pressure, and decompression. The divers
      were asked to answer 30 questions on their feelings of mental and physical
      fatigue and to indicate on a nine-point scale their estimation of a general
      feeling of fatigue. Subjective feelings of fatigue reported in this dive
      suggested that the divers were in good condition. Hyperbaric arthralgia and
      physical complaints were reported, especially during decompression, with some
      postdive persistence, but they should be considered as distinct signs of feelings
      of fatigue. The critical flicker frequency (CFF), measured throughout the dive
      for the two divers, showed systematic variations and a relationship between
      compression and pressure. These variations were grossly parallel to EEG
      modifications reported in other studies and probably reveal neurophysiological
      troubles that were not apparent from subjective reports.

PMID- 969027
TI  - Reversal of nitrogen narcosis in rats by helium pressure.
AB  - Changes in operant behavior were obtained for rats breathing nitrogen, helium,
      and both gases combined. Exposure to 12.9 ATA of nitrogen (O2 maintained at
      normobaric value of 0.2 ATA) produced complete cessation of responding on a fixed
      ratio reinforcement schedule for 1 hour. The addition of elevated pressure of
      helium (12.1, 18.2, and 24.2 ATA) to the 12.9 ATA of nitrogen resulted in a
      reinstatement of responding during 1-hour hyperbaric exposures. The reinstatement
      of responding indicated a reversal of the nitrogen effects on behavior by
      increased helium pressures. The functional changes in behavior appeared to
      parallel the pressure produced reversal of anesthesia obtained at much higher
      pressures.

PMID- 969028
TI  - Pressure-reduction limits for rats following steady-state exposures between 6 and
      60 ATA.
AB  - The role of pressure reduction in the formation and growth of bubbles is
      universally recognized and its significance in decompression theory has been
      accepted. Yet the allowable limits of pressure reduction for man and animal are
      uncertain. This study sought to evaluate the pressure-reduction limits for rats
      following steady-state exposures at pressures greater than 1 atm. To define the
      relationship, 350 albino rats were exposed to 1 of 12 specified pressure levels
      between 6 and 60 ATA and then abruptly decompressed to a preselected reduced
      pressure level for observation. The pressure-reduction levels were selected to
      determine for each saturation-exposure level an ED-50 (i.e. the effective dose
      that will produce decompression sickness in 50% of the animals). The results
      demonstrate three consistent findings: (1) there is a linear relationship (r =
      .99) between the magnitude of a safe pressure reduction and the saturation
      exposures between 6 and 43 ATA; (2) at pressures greater than 43 ATA, there is a
      qualitative change in the decompression sickness symptoms and a reduction in the
      precision of the mathematical relationship (r = .44); and (3) the magnitude of
      the pressure change required to increase the incidence of decompression sickness
      from 10% to 90% is directly related to the magnitude of the exposure pressure.
      The implications of these results for deep operational diving are discussed.

PMID- 969029
TI  - The response of fish blood cells, particularly thrombocytes, to decompression.
AB  - The effects of decompression on various blood-cell types in chinook salmon
      (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were investigated using a 4-liter hyperbaric chamber.
      Thrombocytes (platelets) were found to decrease significantly in numbers
      following lethal and nonlethal decompressions. The response was highly dependent
      on depth, gas solubility, and rate of decompression, whereby increasing depth or
      gas solubility caused greater and faster declines of thrombocyte levels. Return
      of thrombocyte numbers to normal values usually occurred within 48 hours, except
      after the more severe decompressions where recovery was never fully attained
      during the sampling period. Erythrocyte levels increased significantly 1 day
      after a severe decompression, suggesting hemoconcentration. Leucocytes appeared
      not to respond to decompression; they were not decreased compared to normal
      levels, although they were significantly decreased compared to levels of the
      chamber controls in the nonpressurized chamber. The results are discussed in
      relation to possible involvement of the fish's blood-coagulation system after
      decompression.

PMID- 969030
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of normoxic and hyperoxic hyperbaric exposed lungs.
AB  - Lungs from adult guinea pigs exposed to 1 ATA He-O2 with 200 mm Hg PO2 and 20 ATA
      He-O2 with 200, 400, and 600 mm Hg PO2 were studied with scanning electron
      microscopy. The appearance of normal alveoli is described. Even before pulmonary
      O2 toxicity became symptomatic, subtle changes occurred in the alveoli, such as
      an increase in macrophages and a marked increase in length of alveolar type-II
      cell microvilli. These changes occurred in animals exposed to 400 mm Hg PO2,
      heretofore considered below toxic levels. With increased toxic involvement, the
      number of alveolar type-II cells increased. A thick layer of material appeared in
      some of the alveoli, obscuring the Kohns pores and type-I and -II cell surfaces.
      The alveolar-capillary network with underlying erythrocytes was no longer
      observable. Lungs with the greatest toxic involvement possessed large numbers of
      macrophages encompassed by a fibrin-like matrix. The alveolar walls were broken
      down in many instances, and the alveoli were no longer discrete units but took on
      the appearance of an amorphous mass of lung tissue.

PMID- 969031
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of vascular injuries (author's transl)].

PMID- 969032
TI  - [Metabolic prophylaxis of the fat embolism syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 969033
TI  - [Intramedullary nailing in delayed healing of fractures and pseudarthroses in the
      shaft of the femur and tibia (author's transl)].

PMID- 969034
TI  - [Does compression screwing improve the prognosis of the medial fracture of the
      neck of the femur? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].

PMID- 969035
TI  - [Fracture of Bekhterev's spinal column].

PMID- 969036
TI  - [Involvement of the upper ankle joint in lower leg and tibial shaft fractures in
      adults (author's transl)].

PMID- 969037
TI  - [The broken Kirschner wire as a complication of transarticular fixation of the
      neck of the radius in children (author's transl)].

PMID- 969038
TI  - [The "naviculo-capitate fracture" syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 969039
TI  - [Prepontic rhizotomy of the trigeminal nerve by suboccipital craniectomy using
      the Dandy technic. Apropos of 86 cases of facial tic douloureux operated on
      between 1960 and 1975].

PMID- 969040
TI  - [Detection of antibodies against mucleocapsids of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBc) by
      the immunoperoxidase inhibition technic: study of 225 subjects].

PMID- 969041
TI  - [Radiometric detection of  in vivo intermediate metabolism].

PMID- 969042
TI  - [The drama of acute epiglottitis: presentation of a protocol for the
      surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of acute epiglottitis].

PMID- 969043
TI  - [Hepatitis in aged persons].

PMID- 969044
TI  - [Cystic lymphangioma of the mediastinum].

PMID- 969045
TI  - [Multiple primary urinary cancers triple cancers].

PMID- 969046
TI  - [Regional disparities in mortality in Quebec].

PMID- 969047
TI  - [Humanization of health care: obstetric, gynecologic and nursery services viewed
      from within].

PMID- 969048
TI  - [Localization of urinary infection after antireflux surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - Bladder wash-out tests were performed in a series of patients after successful
      antireflux surgery. The majority (65.5%) of infections were localized in the
      bladder, even if the IVP demonstrated signs of pyelonephritis (renal scarring and
      calcieal clubbing). 21.3% of the tests demonstrated a participation of the upper
      urinary tract. The bladder bacteriurias were interpreted as reinfections, and
      also some of the supravesical bacteriurias. In other cases, this differentiation
      could not be made.

PMID- 969049
TI  - Subcapsular pyelolithotomy for recurrent renal calculi.
AB  - Subcapsular pyelolithotomy was performed in 28 patients who had earlier undergone
      either one or more operations in the same kidney for renal calculi. This approach
      was useful in salvaging the kidney even in the presence of dense perirenal and
      periureteric adhesions obscuring the normal anatomy of these structures. Serious
      consideration should be given to this procedure before making the decision to
      perform nephrectomy in such cases. Surgical technique and the results are
      discussed.

PMID- 969050
TI  - Effects of prolactin and dihydrotestosterone upon the rat prostate gland.
AB  - The simultaneous subcutaneous injections of dihydrotestosterone (0.5 mg/kg)
      and/or ovine prolactin (5 or 50 IU/kg) to mature castrate rats for periods of 5
      10 days led to an augmentation of prostate gland levels of RNA, DNA and protein.
      Of the various lobes of the prostate gland, the dorsal portion seemed to be
      particularly sensitive to the effects of the combined hormone treatment. In
      general, the highest dose of prolactin (50 IU/kg) and the longer duration of
      administration (10 days) produced the most consistent augmentation responses
      between dihydrotestosterone and prolactin as compared to those rats receiving
      only androgen. These findings reveal that certain lobes of the prostate are more
      responsive to hormonal interactions, but do not clarify the mechanisms involved
      in causing such enhancements of prostate cell growth and proliferation.

PMID- 969051
TI  - [The use of human dura in urology, except as a substitute of urinary bladder
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The human dura cannot only be used to replace the urinary bladder wall, but also
      to replace the capsula fibrosa of the kidney for transposition of aberrant
      vessels in hydronephrosis, for interposition in vesicovaginal fistula, for
      suspension of the urethra in stress incontinence and to replace the tunica
      albuginea of the corpus cavernosum penis after resection of plaque in Peyronie's
      disease.

PMID- 969052
TI  - Right ovarian vein syndrome with contralateral ovarian cyst.
AB  - A 39-year-old woman with right ovarian vein syndrome accompanied by contralateral
      ovarian cyst is reported. Removal of the left ovarian cyst with right
      ureterolysis for removal of the mechanical obstruction gave a good result. It is
      concluded that the etiology in this case was compression of the ureter by the
      enlarged ovarian vein, which had an increased blood flow from contralateral
      venous anastomose.

PMID- 969053
TI  - [Experience with a one-stage hypospadias repair (author's transl)].
AB  - 33 single-stage hypospadias repairs are reported, which were performed within 2
      years. The operative technique is described. In two cases, fistulas developed and
      required operative treatment. The average follow-up was 13.5 months. 28 cases
      showed good functional and cosmetical results. Three cases required additional
      surgery to improve the cosmetical result. The Allen-Spence-Hoffman-Hall one-stage
      technique has proved to be suitable to correct a distal hypospadias without
      chordee.

PMID- 969054
TI  - [Mechanism of the hypotensive effect of portacaval transposition in vasorenal
      hypertension].

PMID- 969055
TI  - [Role of tissue factors of blood coagulation in the pathogenesis of
      thrombohemorrhagic complications in diffuse glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 969056
TI  - [Protein reabsorption by cells of the proximal kidney tubules in chronic diffuse
      glomerulonephritis depending on the degree of proteinuria].

PMID- 969057
TI  - [Late results of interpelvic, ureteropelvic and interureteral anastomoses in
      duplicated kidney].

PMID- 969058
TI  - [Importance of dynamic scintigraphy in the complex study of kidney function in
      nephroureterolithiasis].

PMID- 969059
TI  - [Concentration of the main antitubercular preparations in the blood serum, urine
      and renal tissue in renal tuberculosis].

PMID- 969060
TI  - [Urogenital tuberculosis in children and adolescents and its operative
      treatment].

PMID- 969061
TI  - [Ways to prevent repeated operations on the kidneys].

PMID- 969062
TI  - [Postoperative urinary kidney fistulae].

PMID- 969063
TI  - [Use of ultrasonic cutting and welding of the wall of the bladder].

PMID- 969064
TI  - [Operative treatment of obstructive-retention vesiculitis complicating chronic
      prostatitis].

PMID- 969065
TI  - [Proximal testicular-saphenous anastomosis in varicocele].

PMID- 969066
TI  - [Absence of the acrosomal reaction causing male sterility].

PMID- 969067
TI  - [Cavernous hemangioma of the ureter].

PMID- 969068
TI  - [Extremely large dilatation of the bladder in a male schizophrenic patient].

PMID- 969069
TI  - [Epispadias in a female].

PMID- 969070
TI  - [Achievements of radioisotope diagnosis in uronephrology].

PMID- 969071
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of renal vein.
AB  - Primary leiomyosarcoma of the renal vein has not been previously reported in the
      urologic literature. A case report with long-term survival is described and the
      literature reviewed.

PMID- 969072
TI  - Splinting in pyeloplasty.
AB  - Over a ten-year period, 129 patients with idiopathic pelviureteric obstruction
      were randomly selected for splinted or unsplinted pyeloplasties. Of these groups,
      the patients with splinted pyeloplasties had a lower incidence of postoperative
      complications. The long-term results were similar in both groups.

PMID- 969073
TI  - Prostatic carcinoma. relationship between primary tumor, histologic grade, and
      response to chemotherapy.
AB  - This National Cooperative Study has randomly compared the usefulness of 5
      fluorouracil (5-FU), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and standard therapy in patients
      with advanced carcinoma of the prostate (Stage D). All patients studied were
      endocrine failures and were in progression. Favorable responses were seen with
      all three treatments regardless of histologic grade. Actual tumor regression
      occurred only in patients who received either 5-FU or cyclophosphamide. In
      patients with poorly differentiated or anaplastic tumors treated with
      cyclophosphamide, progression of disease was significantly less rapid than in
      patients treated with 5-FU or standard therapy. However, favorable responders
      could not always be identified in advance on the basis of histologic grade alone.

PMID- 969074
TI  - Simple screening test for significant bacteriuria in urine. Catalase
      determination by disk flotation method.
AB  - Colony count cultures and catalase determinations were done on 294 urine samples
      in two series of patients at Royal Victoria Hospital. Thirty-six specimens were
      reported to be positive by colony count and by catalase determination. A total of
      135 specimens found to be negative by colony count were also negative by the disk
      flotation test. Catalase activity in 4 urines reported as false negative were
      found to contain 6,000 or less colonies per ml. More than 50 per cent of the
      false positive results could be attributed to the presence of red blood cells.
      Data were insufficient to explain the remaining false positive catalase
      determinations. However, catalase determinations by the disk flotation method
      proved to be a successful screening test for significant bacteriuria.

PMID- 969075
TI  - Problems associated with Gibbons ureteral catheter.
AB  - Two recent cases of bilateral ureteral obstruction secondary to benign
      retroperitoneal  fibrosis were treated initially with Gibbons indwelling ureteral
      catheters. Inadequate catheter length, calyceal stone formation, catheter
      encrustation, and distal migration form the basis for this report.

PMID- 969076
TI  - Preoperative irradiation and cystectomy in 135 cases of bladder cancer.
AB  - The updated experience of the McGill Teaching Hospitals in treating cancer of the
      bladder with short course, high-dose radiation and immediate cystectomy is
      presented. Five-year life table survival for the 135 patients so managed was 43.9
      per cent. Survivorship at five years was 34.5 per cent in high-stage disease and 
      64.1 per cent in low-stage disease. It was concluded that preoperative radiation
      and surgery as outlined in selected cases remains an effective method of
      management.

PMID- 969077
TI  - Ectopic penile testis.
AB  - A case of a rare form of penile testicular ectopia is reported. The embryology is
      discussed, and ectopia is differentiated from cryptorchism.

PMID- 969078
TI  - Necrotic testicle with increased blood flow on Doppler ultrasonic examination.
AB  - A twelve-year-old male with a five-day history of scrotal swelling and pain had
      increased blood flow on ultrasonic examination. A testicular flow and scan
      indicated an ischemic testicle. Surgical exploration revealed complete torsion of
      the spermatic cord. In chronic cases of torsion, the Doppler stethoscope may give
      a false negative result because of reactive hyperemia.

PMID- 969079
TI  - Silastic prosthesis for interim management of urinary incontinence after
      vesicovaginal fistula.

PMID- 969080
TI  - Diagnostic significance of levels of immunoglobulin A in seminal fluid of
      patients with prostatic disease.
AB  - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in semen and in prostatic fluid of 48 patients with
      benign and malignant diseases of the prostate were estimated. It is speculated
      from this small study that the IgA levels rise in benign prostatic hyperplasia;
      in early adenocarcinoma of the prostate (Stages A and B) the rise if furthered,
      while in the late stages (Stages C and D) the levels fall.

PMID- 969081
TI  - Differential diagnosis: invading urothelial tumor cells versus tissue macrophage
      or histiocyte.

PMID- 969082
TI  - Extraosseous myelomatosis. Clinical presentation with symptoms in lower urinary
      tract.
AB  - We believe this to be the first case reported of extraosseous myelomatosis seen
      clincally with lower urinary tract symptoms. Extraskeletal spread of myelomatosis
      which reportedly occurs in two thirds of cases is discovered postmortem.
      Immunoglobulin A prevails in this type of myelomatosis. Clinical course and
      autopsy findings are discussed.

PMID- 969083
TI  - Nephrogenic metaplasia (adenomatoid tumors) of bladder.
AB  - Two cases of rare nephrogenic metaplasia of the bladder (adenomatoid bladder
      tumor) support the theory that these tumors originate as an atypical metaplastic
      response of urothelium to chronic infection or irritation. That these may also
      represent mesonephric or mesothelial choristomas is considered. Although benign,
      they may recur. Therapy should consist of antibiotics and transurethral resection
      or fulguration.

PMID- 969084
TI  - Renal masses with unusual angiographic appearances.
AB  - Despite modern methods in evaluating renal masses a small percentage of cases
      remain elusive to preoperative diagnosis. The authors discuss ten renal masses
      with heterogeneous pathology seen at their service within the last two years. An
      outline of the difficulties in arriving at a correct preoperative diagnosis is
      discussed. The clinical findings and pathology encountered are evaluated.

PMID- 969085
TI  - Radiologic features of adrenal metastases.
AB  - The incidence of adrenal metastasis is surprisingly high with certain types of
      malignant neoplasms such as carcinoma of the breast and lung, and melanoma. Since
      adrenal metastases are usually clinically silent, radiologic findings assume
      greater importance. The radiologic features found in 21 patients with proved
      adrenal metastases are presented.

PMID- 969086
TI  - Ureteral changes in Gardner's syndrome simulating retroperitoneal fibrosis.
AB  - The development of desmoid tumors in patients with Gardner's syndrome may produce
      ureteral findings on excretory urogram which, by themselves, are
      indistinguishable from other causes of retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 969087
TI  - Ring-shaped calcification of renal mass.
AB  - A case of peripherally calcified renal mass is presented which was interpreted as
      being a benign, calcified, developmental nephrogenic cyst. A differential
      diagnosis of calcified renal masses is presented.

PMID- 969088
TI  - Triflanged tube for chronic serous otitis media.

PMID- 969089
TI  - A new fenestrated instrument for blepharoplasty.

PMID- 969090
TI  - Electronic ear warmer.

PMID- 969091
TI  - Wrinkles around the mouth.

PMID- 969092
TI  - Ear, nose, and throat examining console.

PMID- 969093
TI  - XXXI Wherry Memorial Lecture. Does modern society need an education in
      citizenship?

PMID- 969094
TI  - A 20-year report on fenestration of the oval window.

PMID- 969095
TI  - The homograft tympanic membrane: a five-year study.

PMID- 969096
TI  - Vestibular and auditory findings of perilymphatic fistula: a review of 40 cases.

PMID- 969097
TI  - Irreversible inner ear damage from rock music.

PMID- 969098
TI  - The pathology of Bell's palsy.

PMID- 969100
TI  - ENT: a misnomer.

PMID- 969099
TI  - Medical otolaryngology -- the dispossessed.

PMID- 969101
TI  - A fiberoptic anterior commissure laryngoscope for use with the operating
      microscope.

PMID- 969102
TI  - A modified tracheotomy tube for tracheal stenosis.

PMID- 969103
TI  - A set of new instruments for transseptal-transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.

PMID- 969104
TI  - The use of the plaque assay in chemotherapeutic and dermal hypersensitivity
      studies on Toxoplasma gondii.

PMID- 969105
TI  - Cardiotropins in the brain and ventral cord ganglia of Bladerus craniifer
      (Orthoptera: Bladeridae).

PMID- 969106
TI  - [Traumatic dacryocystitis].

PMID- 969107
TI  - [Differential compression-tonometric test].

PMID- 969108
TI  - Significance of the suprachoroidal space in the outflow of intraocular humor.

PMID- 969109
TI  - [Remote results of cataract aspiration in children].

PMID- 969110
TI  - [Deontological problems in the practice of a pediatric ophthalmologist].

PMID- 969111
TI  - [Rheo-ophthalmographic indicators in myopia].

PMID- 969112
TI  - [Use of an automated system for determination of clinical eye refraction].

PMID- 969113
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the Hoigne reaction in detection of drug allergy].

PMID- 969114
TI  - [Use of carbogen in high myopia].

PMID- 969115
TI  - [Study of the eye tissue permeability using different methods of drug
      administration].

PMID- 969116
TI  - [Simplified modification of graded sinusectomy].

PMID- 969117
TI  - [Morphological changes in the tarsoconjunctival segment of the eyelids in pre
      xerosis and xerosis of the 1st degree].

PMID- 969118
TI  - [Quantitative and chromatic perimetry in diseases of the optic pathways].

PMID- 969119
TI  - [Removal of intraocular non-magnetic foreign bodies under x-ray control by using
      an electron-optic image converter].

PMID- 969120
TI  - [Use of electroroentgenography for diagnosis of eye foreign bodies].

PMID- 969121
TI  - [Pressure chamber for preservation of the cornea and other eye tissues in an
      oxygen medium].

PMID- 969122
TI  - [Ophthalmological disorders in infantile cerebral palsy].

PMID- 969123
TI  - [Dispensarization of children].

PMID- 969124
TI  - [Clinical characteristics and possibilities of treatment of eye lesions in
      Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 969125
TI  - [Eye changes in ichthyosis].

PMID- 969126
TI  - [Study of the cornea in tissue culture].

PMID- 969127
TI  - [Portable photodiode apparatus for the study of critical flicker fusion frequency
      (CFFF)].

PMID- 969128
TI  - [Set of ophthalmological glass fiber tips].

PMID- 969129
TI  - [Associated-combined eye lesions].

PMID- 969130
TI  - [Use of gelvisol in the early postoperative period in patients with diseases of
      the abdominal organs].
AB  - The substance gelvisol obtained in Leningrad Research Institute of Hematology and
      Blood Transfusion was employed in 198 patients with abdominal organs pathology.
      There was noted a positive effect of the peroral plasma substitutor on the
      circulatory blood volume and its components, electrolytic balance, general
      condition of the operated patients. The authors have elaborated the method of
      gelvisol administration both per os (30-50 ml each 1-2 hours; up to 1000-2000 ml
      a day) and in intraintestinal administration via a sound.

PMID- 969131
TI  - [Cancer of the parathyroid gland].

PMID- 969132
TI  - [Tearing of the right half of the diaphragm in combined injury].

PMID- 969133
TI  - [Combined pneumoarthrography with double contrasting in diagnosis of habitual
      shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 969134
TI  - [Diagnosis of gastric bezoars].

PMID- 969135
TI  - [Bleeding from the umbilical vein of the round ligament of the liver].

PMID- 969136
TI  - [Isolated intrahepatic cholelithiasis].

PMID- 969137
TI  - [Rare structural forms of the biliary tract].

PMID- 969138
TI  - [Congenital dilatation of the choledochus].

PMID- 969139
TI  - [Metabolic alkalosis after surgical treatment of heart defects].

PMID- 969140
TI  - [Remote results of 2-stage surgical treatment of cecal cancer complicated by
      perforation and peritonitis].

PMID- 969141
TI  - [Certain technical aspects of Bricker's operation].

PMID- 969142
TI  - [Construction of an artificial reservoir for urine from the ileal wall].

PMID- 969143
TI  - [Errors in diagnosis of duodenal rupture].

PMID- 969144
TI  - [Clinical characteristics, selection of the method and results of treatment of
      nonspecific spontaneous pneumothorax].
AB  - Under observation were 144 patients, aged from 16 to 74 years, examined and
      treated for nonspecific spontaneous pneumothorax observed in 161 cases. Most
      patients (96) were under 40. The development of pneumothorax in most of them
      might be related with previously suffered diseases of the respiratory tract and
      lung. The clinical picture of spontaneous pneumothorax and its therapy are
      described.

PMID- 969145
TI  - [Selection of the methods of functional examination of patients with lung
      diseases in the preoperative period].
AB  - The authors report indications and contraindications to using different methods
      of functional diagnosis of the ventilatory and circulatory systems in patients
      with lung diseases in the postoperative period. It is felt that in each
      particular case different methods of functional diagnosis should be employed
      differentially, taking into consideration individual peculiarities of the patient
      and his affection. It is necessary to use the methods that would provide the
      maximum useful information, but not to use them following the principle of
      transfer from simple to more complex procedures.

PMID- 969146
TI  - [Certain properties of the extravasate effused into pleural cavity after thoracic
      surgery].
AB  - Data on morphological and biochemical properties of the postoperative extravasate
      are reported in 102 patients in different terms postoperatively. There is a
      reduced number of erythrocytes, amount of hemoglobin and thrombocytes in the
      extravasate. The number of leucocytes in the latter corresponds to their amount
      in peripheral blood. Free hemoglobin ranged from 6 to 125 mg%, and its
      concentration depends on traumatism and duration of surgery. There is no
      fibrinogen in the extravasate and a decreased fibrinolytic activity. Bacterial
      contamination of the extravasate is dependent on the character of a surgical
      procedure. The extravasate sterility is supported by its apyrogenic and nontoxic
      action on rabbits and mice. Determination of the amount of leucocytes, sugar,
      alpha-2 and beta golbulins in the extravasate 18 hours following the operation is
      of a diagnostic value for early recognition of inflammation in the pleural
      cavity.

PMID- 969147
TI  - [Causes of recurrences of mitral stenosis].
AB  - The authors present an analysis of the late results of closed mitral
      commissurotomy in 364 patients (maximum terms of observation--17 years). Main
      causes of recurrent mitral stenosis were recognized: activation of a rheumatic
      process (50%), nonspecific scarring processes (27%), inadequate commissurotomies
      (11.1%) and others (11.1%). The routine antirheumatic therapy
      (bicillin+salicylates) was found to be ineffective in prophylaxis against mitral
      restenoses. Recurrent mitral stenosis proved to occur more frequently in patients
      operated upon in young age (under 30).

PMID- 969148
TI  - [Possibilities of using the internal jugular vein as an autovenous transplant in
      surgical treatment of portal hypertension].
AB  - As an autovenous graft in surgical treatment of portal hypertension the authors
      suggest to use the one obtained by means of resection of one of internal jugular
      veins. Based on studies of the literature data and personal experiments with 500
      anatomical preparations of the skull and 49 fresh cadavers, the authors
      substantiate physiological permissibility of resection of one of internal jugular
      veins in the absence of marked asymmetry of internal jugular foramena of the
      cranial base, that is a criterion of symmetric venous outflow from the cranial
      cavity and of the possibility of its redistribution. The mentioned operative
      technic was employed by the authors clinically in one patient with a extrahepatic
      form of portal hypertension, subjected previously to splenectomy. The result of
      this intervention after a year and a half was estimated as being quite
      favourable.

PMID- 969149
TI  - [Immediate and remote results of treatment of hepatic echinococcosis].
AB  - The immediate results of treatment in 493 patients, in whom 573 operations were
      accomplished, are analysed. Postoperatively, complications developed in 47.5%.
      The longterm results were studied in 284 patients within the the terms from 1 to
      25 years. The signs of hepatitis were observed in 72, chronic fistulas--in 68,
      postoperative hernias--in 13, a decreased working capacity and disability--in 32.
      Recurrences were noted in 52 cases, including true recurrences in 11.

PMID- 969150
TI  - [Blood coagulation and blood electrolytes in obstructive jaundice].
AB  - An examination of 76 patients with obstructive jaundice of cholelithic and tumor
      origin indicated an association of manifest hypocoagulation properties of blood
      with the absolute kalium deficiency in blood. In 54 patients postoperatively
      following restoration of bile passage in the bowel a progressive decrease in
      kalium concentration and an increase of sodium in erythrocytes were associated
      with a simultaneous enhancement of coagulation properties, and vice versa an
      increased kalium and decreased sodium content in erythrocytes was associated with
      a hypocaugulation tendency. It is evident that activation or suppression of
      hemocoagulation is dependent on the state of multiple factors of blood
      coagulation system in altered electrolytic medium and on eletrolytic
      reconstruction of erythrocytes.

PMID- 969151
TI  - [Diffuse polyposis of the large intestine as a precancerous condition].
AB  - In 86 (49.4%) of 173 patients cancer of the colon of various localizations
      against the background of diffuse polyposis was diagnosed, rectal involvement
      being noted in 50%, cancer involvement of the cecum involvement of the cecum and
      ascending colon--in 5.4% and 7.2% accordingly. These data made it possible to
      revise an existing concept of preservation of the rectum in radicalsurgery for
      diffuse polyposis in favour of remaining right portions of the colon.

PMID- 969152
TI  - [Healing of suppurative wounds after heteroperitoneal, gauze and resin-rinse
      methods of drainage].
AB  - It is shown that preserved parietal peritoneum of the cattle shows necrolytic and
      dehydrating properties, contributes to prompt wound clearance from
      fibrinopurulent exudate, thus shortening the time of the phase of hydration, and
      as a week stimulator it stimulates regenerative processes, contributing to
      accelerated dehydration phase and healing of the wound with formation of a tender
      scar without any signs of inflammation, the regeneration of the activated
      epidermis being more perfect. Moreover, the metabolic processes in the wound are
      actiyated, that is manifested by a more intensive. Feulgen reaction for DNA,
      rapid accumulation of RNA in cells and glycoproteids and glycogen--in
      intercellular substance. Gauze and rubber drainages fail to possess such
      properties.

PMID- 969153
TI  - [Thermography in differential diagnosis of lymphostasis in the lower limbs].
AB  - The authors report the data concerning the use of lymphography and thermography
      with the purpose of establishing the differential diagnosis in 42 patients with
      edema of the lower limbs of a different origin. A comparative estimation of
      different methods of the differential diagnosis indicated the advantages of infra
      red thermography.

PMID- 969154
TI  - [Effect of mechanized work on the indicators of traumatism among lumberjacks].
AB  - The author has considered trauma from the point of view of three main indices:
      frequency, gravity and average duration of incapacity of each patient in days. An
      important conclusion is made that further progressive replacement of manual
      labour by mechanized one will influence positively the basic indices of
      traumatism in timber industry.

PMID- 969155
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of orthopedic manipulation of inveterate
      traumatic hip dislocation].
AB  - The authors present an analysis of the results of operative treatment for
      inveterate femoral dislocations in 13 patients, in 6 of them open reduction of
      the dislocation was performed, in 6--arthrodesis of the coxa, in 1-
      subtrochanteric osteotomy. The late results within the terms from 3 to 15 years
      were followed up in 9 operated patients, 5 of them were previously subjected to
      operative reduction of the dislocation and 4--to arthrodesis. It is the authors'
      opinion that, taking into account the late results following operative reduction
      of inveterate femoral dislocation, the operation of arthrodesis of the coxa is
      felt to be more rational in such cases.

PMID- 969156
TI  - [Operative and postoperative neurological complications in heart surgery].
AB  - Intraoperative and postoperative neurologic complications in cardiosurgical
      patients refer to grave cerebral affections which aggravate markedly the
      operative issue and prognosis for patients' life. In 525 operations on the heart
      and major vessels neurologic complications were noted in 47 patients. In 21 of
      them death was directly caused by these complications. The character of cerebral
      lesions (brain hypoxia, acute disorders in the cerebral circulation) and their
      frequency were conditioned by the kind of operative interventions and
      characteristic features of the cardiovascular pathology. Routine prophylactic
      measures and their results are described.

PMID- 969157
TI  - [Surgical treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur].
AB  - Till 1971 in the clinic the treatment of trochanteric fractures was mostly
      conservative. Application of this method resulted in numerous complications and
      high mortality rate (33%). Among 363 patients admitted to the clinic during this
      period surgical therapy was employed only in 13 patients (3.5%). Within the
      recent 3 years indications to surgical therapy were considerably extended: of 111
      admitted patients 41 were treated surgically (37%). The greatest number of
      operations was made in patients aged 71-90 years old. For osteosynthesis pin
      screw with diaphyseal pad was employed. The results obtained are described.

PMID- 969158
TI  - [Electric stimulation as a method of acceleration of healing of crural bone
      fractures].
AB  - Having used the method of electrostimulation of the fracture site with direct
      current of 10--50 mA in patients with crural fractures, the authors noted a more
      rapid callus formation. The latter is supported by clinical data and
      roentgenograms. The method results in shortening of the terms of recovery in
      patients treated conservatively and surgically. It is believed that this method
      may be recommended for a wider clinical use in crural fractures.

PMID- 969159
TI  - [Compression-distraction osteosynthesis of pseudarthroses and ununited fractures
      of the long tubular bones].
AB  - The authors presents an analysis of clinical observations over 72 patients with
      pseudarthrosis and nonunited fractures of long tubular bones, in whom 73
      operations of compression-distraction osteosynthesis were performed. All these
      patients are engaged in coal industry. For treatment the Ilizarov compression
      distraction apparatus was employed in 62 patients, the Gudushauri apparatus--in
      5, the apparatus of personal author's design--in 6. the results of treatment are
      described.

PMID- 969160
TI  - [Counter-lateral compression in oblique pseudarthroses of diaphyses of the
      tubular bones of the lower limbs].
AB  - The author reports the results of treatment in 58 patients with oblique aplastic
      pseudarthrosis of tubular bones diaphyses of the lower limbs. For treatment
      extrafocal with counter-lateral compression by means of pins with bearing
      surfaces. By the present time nearly in all patients (52 of 58) with the
      mentioned complications such kind of treatment resulted in rehabilitation of the
      main motion-bearing function of the extremity.

PMID- 969161
TI  - [Gas exchange in burns].
AB  - Under study was the function of ventilation, gas metabolism, acid-base balance,
      ECG in 140 patients with burns associated with or without clinical manifestations
      of shock reaction. It is found that shock is not characterized by any specific
      changes in the cardiopulmonary system. The disturbances observed in patients with
      manifest burn shock and in those without shock reaction differ only in the degree
      of pronouncement and consist in dyspnea with a hypoventilation regimen, high
      level of basic metabolism, decreased reserve potentialities of the body,
      metabolic acidosis, diffuse changes in the myocardium. Some proper
      recommendations are given.

PMID- 969162
TI  - [Changes of peripheral blood flow in patients with cancer of the lungs, esophagus
      and cardia under the effect of anesthesia and surgery].
AB  - The authors report the data on changes in peripheral circulation, depending on
      the kind of anesthesia, the amount of operative blood loss, alterations in
      circulating blood volume and localization of tumor in patients with cancer of the
      lung, esophagus and cardia. Totally, 35 patients (15--lung cancer, 10--esophageal
      cancer, 10--cancer of the cardia) were explored. In 25 cases fluothane was used
      as the main anesthetic, in 10--neuroleptanalgesia. The state of peripheral
      circulation was estimated by the period semielimination of radioactive xenon-133
      from the muscle depot. It was found that alterations in peripheral circulation
      were not dependent on tumor localization, the use of fluothane and
      neuroleptanalgesia is associated with similar changes in peripheral blood flow
      and, finely, an increased loss of blood results in more pronounced alterations in
      peripheral circulation.

PMID- 969163
TI  - [Respiratory function during peridural analgesia].
AB  - By means of spirography the ventilatory function was studied under conditions of
      peridural analgesia in 73 patients with suppurative and neoplastic diseases of
      the lung pre- and postoperatively, as well as in closed chest injuries. In 6
      patients being in asthmatic state the effect of peridural analgesia is estimated
      clinically.

PMID- 969164
TI  - [Use of heterogenic peritoneum in surgical treatment of ankylosis of the
      temporomandibular joint].
AB  - Thirty patients were operated upon after the authors' technic. In 23 patients the
      mandibular branch was made thinner after the method described, and caps from the
      heterogenous tissue were employed. The mandibular motion was found to be quite
      adequate, terms of the follow-up from 2 to 18 years. In 7 patients oblique
      osteotomy of the mandibular branch was performed with interposition of the
      fissure with a heterogenous peritoneum leaf. The mandibular motion was
      satisfactory.

PMID- 969165
TI  - Visceral lesions in racoons naturally infected with Heterobilharzia americana.
AB  - Three free-ranging raccoons caught in southeastern Florida were found to be
      infected by Heterobilharzia americana. The livers were firm with rough surfaces
      and stellate patterns of periportal fibrosis. The portal tracts had excessive
      mature fibrous connective tissue and occasional ovum and necrotic fluke
      granulomas. There were also ovum granulomas with concomitant lesions in small and
      large intestine, pancreas, and lung. Numerous other parasites were seen.

PMID- 969166
TI  - Hemorrhagic necrosis of the central nervous system. A spontaneous disease of
      fetal hamsters.
AB  - During studies of transplacental virus infections in random bred hamsters
      purchased with timed pregnancies from three commercial dealers, spontaneous
      hemorrhagic necrosis of the central nervous system was seen in fetuses harvested
      near term. Ninety-seven pregnant hamsters from three colonies were examined
      during a 6-month period; this condition was seen in 25 of 41, 19 of 36, and five
      of 20 litters. Hamsters from another commercial colony were received, housed, and
      fed under the same conditions, but remained free of the disease. The pathological
      process was characterized by multiple spreading zones of edema, malacia, and
      hemorrhage. Lesions were restricted to neural tissues, including the retina and
      internal ear. Neuroepithelial proliferation with rosette formation, accompanying
      the destructive process, constituted a striking reparative response. No
      inflammatory reaction or cytopathic effects suggestive of virus-induced disease
      were seen. Studies on the cause of this condition were negative at the time when
      the disease disappeared spontaneously.

PMID- 969167
TI  - Renal carcinoma in the dog.
AB  - Thirty-three cases of canine renal carcinoma reported between 1907 and 1972 are
      reviewed, and clinical and pathological features of nine other cases seen in
      Bristol between 1966 and 1975 are described. Clinical features frequently include
      nonspecific signs of anorexia and weight loss. The age range of affected dogs
      varies from 3 to 15 years, with a mean of 7.1 years. Male dogs appear to be
      affected more frequently than females, but there is no breed predilection. The
      clinical behaviour of canine renal carcinoma is variable, with 4 years the
      longest survival time after nephrectomy. The primary tumours characteristically
      are large and unilateral and occupy most of one pole of a kidney. Metastatic
      spread can involve a wide range of organs, the commonest being lymph nodes and
      lung. Solid, tubular and papillary patterns are common. Clear cell carcinoma is
      uncommon.

PMID- 969168
TI  - [Epidermoid bronchial carcinoma in dogs and cats].
AB  - In seven cats and four dogs of different ages, an epidermoid pulmonary carcinoma
      has been described. This tumour originates from the orifices or the proximal
      sections of the ducts of the bronchial glands. The carcinoma, which usually shows
      no keratinization, penetrates the bronchial mucosa, submucosa and the
      peribronchial tissue. There is no mucus. Occasionally in the peribronchial
      neoplastic areas there are adenoid formations, comparable to the combined
      carcinoma of the WHO classification of lung tumours. Metastases have been
      restricted to the bronchial lymph nodes.

PMID- 969169
TI  - Histology of air sac lesions induced in chickens by contact exposure to
      Mycoplasma synoviae.
AB  - Chickens were housed when 1 day old with chickens experimentally infected with
      Mycoplasma synoviae. Air sacs from 16 of the 2-week-old and eight of the 3-week
      old contact-exposed chickens were given gross lesion scores and embedded in
      glycol methacrylate for slide preparation. Histologic lesions in air sacs with
      gross scores of 0-2 were mild edema resulting in a two to eightfold increase in
      air sac thickness, capillary proliferation, and exudate consisting largely of
      heterophils and necrotic debris. Histologic lesions in air sacs with gross scores
      of 3 and 4 were marked hyperplasia of epithelial cells and diffuse infiltration
      of the air sac connective tissue by mononuclear cells. Nine of 10 air sacs with
      gross scores of 0 had no histologic evidence of inflammation. The most severe
      histologic lesions were in those air sacs with gross scores of 4. The glycol
      methacrylate procedure resulted in 2-mum sections with excellent cellular detail.

PMID- 969170
TI  - Veterinary cytogenetics.

PMID- 969171
TI  - An incident of water intoxication in calves.

PMID- 969172
TI  - Defective diaphragm associated with umbilical hernia.

PMID- 969173
TI  - Homogeneous joint transplantation in sheep.
AB  - An experimental study on the homogeneous transplantation of the major part of the
      lateral and medial femoral trochleae and trochlear groove with articular
      cartilage was carried out in the School of Veterinary Medicine, Pahlavi
      University, Shiraz. The results of postoperative clinical examinations and
      regular radiographical observations are described. Finally, the pathological
      findings and surgico-pathological observations are noted. The advantages of using
      the technique described and its possible clinical applications are discussed.

PMID- 969174
TI  - Comparison of pregnancy rate in heifers and suckler cows after progesterone or
      prostaglandin treatments.
AB  - The pregnancy rate in 321 Friesian dairy replacement heifers was not different
      following two inseminations on a fixed time basis when oestrus was synchronised
      with either a 12-day progesterone treatment using silastic coils or a double
      injection regimen of a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin f2alpha
      (chloprostenol). There was a significantly higher (P less than 0-01) pregnancy
      rate following insemination when 143 Hereford-cross beef suckler cows were
      treated with the 12-day progesterone treatment (55 per cent pregnant) in
      comparison to the pregnancy rate following insemination of 131 cows receiving the
      double injection of cloprostenol 12 days apart (32 per cent pregnant). The
      ovarian activity at the start of treatment affected pregnancy rate following the
      cloprostenol regimen but not following the progesterone regimen. In suckler cows
      in these trials where ovarian activity was classified at the start of treatment,
      30 per cent had inactive ovaries, indicating the magnitude of the problems of
      synchronising oestrus in beef suckler cows.

PMID- 969175
TI  - Efficacy of organophosphorus warble fly dressing.

PMID- 969176
TI  - Immune status of dairy calves following induced parturition.

PMID- 969177
TI  - Pregnancy diagnosis and progesterone levels in cows' milk.

PMID- 969178
TI  - Antibiotic sensitivity test data and advertising.

PMID- 969179
TI  - The effect of orally administered histamine on the weight gain and development of
      gizzard lesions in chicks.
AB  - The results of a large scale trial confirmed preliminary findings that the
      feeding to chicks of a diet containing 4 mg/g of histamine can result in the
      production of localised lesions in the gizzard and depressed growth rate. This
      finding supports an earlier suggestion that when dietary fish meal is associated
      with gizzard erosion the condition is mediated, in part, by the histamine
      produced by certain types of bacterial spoilage of fish protein.

PMID- 969180
TI  - Reproduction of the ewe and female goat in the province of Fars, Iran.
AB  - Over a period of 12 months, 1006 ovine and 1129 caprine genitalia were collected
      from an abattoir. 57-5 per cent of the sheep and 89 per cent of the goat
      specimens were gravid of which 26-9 per cent and 30-2 per cent, respectively, of
      the total were estimated to be over two months of gestational age. Transuterine
      migration of the early embryo was a feature in both species although it was more
      frequent in the goat. Signs of fertilisation failure or embryonic death was most
      frequently observed if associated with multiple ovulations. Three ovine and two
      caprine fetuses had severe developmental abnormalities, and a total of 30
      specimens had either congenital or acquired abnormalities of the ovaries and
      uterus.

PMID- 969181
TI  - The relationship between changes in bodyweight plasma glucose and fertility in
      beef cows.
AB  - Long term experiments were carried out to determine the influence of varying
      energy intakes on the levels of blood components in lactating beef cows. Lowering
      the dietary energy intake to 0-95x maintenance produced a fall in bodyweight
      which continued throughout a 10 week feeding period. There was an initial fall in
      the plasma glucose level. After four weeks the plasma glucose level began to
      rise, and at the end of the 10 week period it had almost reached its original
      level. When bodyweight and plasma glucose were falling cows were infertile, when
      bodyweight was falling and plasma glucose was rising cows were fertile.

PMID- 969182
TI  - Eimeria leuckarti infection in a thoroughbred foal.

PMID- 969183
TI  - Anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole on ovine gastrointestinal nematodes.

PMID- 969184
TI  - Use of chloramphenicol in veterinary medicine.

PMID- 969185
TI  - Outbreak of botulism in reared East Anglian pheasants.

PMID- 969186
TI  - Non-surgical bovine embryo recovery.

PMID- 969187
TI  - Mastitis in dry ewes.

PMID- 969188
TI  - "Sweet itch".

PMID- 969189
TI  - The ovaries of mares in dry weather.

PMID- 969190
TI  - Neck lesions in the teeth of cats.
AB  - Teeth and whole jaws of cats suffering from painful cavitation of the necks of
      postcanine teeth were investigated histologically. It was found that the lesions
      were not caries but a type of progressive subgingival osteoclastic resorption.

PMID- 969191
TI  - A new method for the demonstration of antibodies against Mycoplasma suipneumoniae
      in pigs sera.

PMID- 969192
TI  - Microplate enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to Babesia divergens in
      cattle.

PMID- 969193
TI  - Unilateral enlargement of the eye in chicks infected with a strain of M
      gallisepticum.

PMID- 969194
TI  - Letter: Raised fetal blood pressure and haemorrhage in CNS of newly born foals.

PMID- 969195
TI  - Letter: Diaphragmatic spasm in horses.

PMID- 969196
TI  - Experimental and field studies with thiophanate in pigs.
AB  - Thiophanate, administered at a dosage of 50 mg per kg to artifically infected
      pigs, removed 96 to 99 per cent of adult Oesophagostomum spp, Hyostrongylus
      rubidus and Trichuris suis. Activity was also high against larval stages of these
      nematodes, except for 26-day-old T suis. Thiophanate also showed ovicidal and
      larvicidal activity against H rubidus and Oesophagostomum spp. At 50 mg per kg
      thiophanate administered alone was inactive against Ascaris suum and
      Metastrongylus apri, the former species also being refractory at 200 mg per kg.
      Field trials confirmed these efficacy results in naturally infected animals.
      Pellet formulations providing mean dosages of 63 mg thiophanate per kg for adult
      pigs and 75 mg thiophanate per kg with 83 mg piperazine base per kg for growing
      pigs were highly effective in reducing the faecal output of Oesophagostomum spp,
      H rubidus and T suis eggs. In growing pigs, A suum was controlled by the
      thiophanate/piperazine product. No palatability or tolerance problems were
      observed when thiophanate or thiophanate/piperazine mixtures were administered at
      recommended dosage or multiples thereof in experimental or field studies.

PMID- 969197
TI  - An organophosphorus worming compound and paraplegia in pigs.

PMID- 969198
TI  - Cephalosporins in the prevention and treatment of mastitis.

PMID- 969199
TI  - Fetal monster: Letter.

PMID- 969200
TI  - Mycoplasmas and ovine keratoconjunctivitis.
AB  - The clinical course of an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis in housed lambs and
      their dams was followed. Signs were transient generally and became severe in only
      a small proportion of lambs. The outbreak became most obvious when the lambs were
      46 to 55 days old, when 46.9 per cent were affected. Mycoplasma conjunctivae
      isolations, confirmed by comparison with the type strain by biochemical and
      serological reactions, increased to 62.1 per cent of all eyes swabbed, but no
      correlation could be demonstrated between presence of the organism and clinical
      status. The reasons for this are discussed. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was also
      recovered from the eyes of a small number of lambs. Instillation of a broth
      culture of M conjunctivae into the conjunctival sacs of four hoggs produced a
      transient keratoconjunctivitis similar to that observed in the field, but no
      effect was observed in animals inoculated intravenously. M conjunctivae may
      therefore be the aetiological agent of non-follicular infectious ovine
      keratoconjunctivitis, although further work in gnotobiotic or specific pathogen
      free lambs is required to establish the fact beyond doubt.

PMID- 969201
TI  - Type II ostertagiasis in adult cattle.
AB  - During the spring of 1975 outbreaks of ostertagiasis affecting adult cattle were
      recorded from several beef herds. Two of these outbreaks, one involving an autumn
      calving herd and the other spring calving, were investigated in detail. The
      clinical, biochemical, haematological, parasitological and pathological findings
      are described and were similar to those characteristic of type II ostertagiasis
      in immature cattle.

PMID- 969202
TI  - A simple test for glutathione peroxidase and selenium deficiency.

PMID- 969203
TI  - Immunoglobulin G in the sera of new born buffalo (Bos bubalus bubalis) calves.

PMID- 969204
TI  - Prostaglandins in the mare.

PMID- 969205
TI  - Letter: Antibiotic sensitivity test data and advertising.

PMID- 969206
TI  - Rabies: epizootic aspects.

PMID- 969207
TI  - Diagnosis of rabies in animals.

PMID- 969208
TI  - Rabies vaccines for animals and man.

PMID- 969209
TI  - Action in a case of suspected rabies: notes for guidance.

PMID- 969210
TI  - Dealing with the rabies risk: official policy.

PMID- 969211
TI  - Rabies vaccination: man and dog.

PMID- 969212
TI  - Clinical rabies of possible vaccinial origin in two dogs.

PMID- 969213
TI  - Temporal determinants of the form of the spatial contrast threshold MTF.

PMID- 969214
TI  - Adaptation to gratings: no compensatory advantages found.

PMID- 969215
TI  - Gradient detection and contrast transfer by the human eye.

PMID- 969216
TI  - Interpolation in the visual system.

PMID- 969217
TI  - An experimental study of geometric properties of the visual space.

PMID- 969218
TI  - The interocular light adaptation effect of varying retinal locations.

PMID- 969219
TI  - Dichoptic brightness combination for unequally coloured lights.

PMID- 969220
TI  - Variability of color mixture data - II. The effect of viewing field size on the
      unit coordinates.

PMID- 969221
TI  - Rod and cone contribution to peripheral colour vision.

PMID- 969222
TI  - Effects of rod activity on colour threshold.

PMID- 969223
TI  - Size specificity and interocular suppression: monocular evoked potentials and
      reaction times.

PMID- 969224
TI  - The amacrine cell.

PMID- 969225
TI  - The unresponsive regions of visual cortical receptive fields.

PMID- 969226
TI  - Visual acuity of the cat.

PMID- 969227
TI  - The development of the kittens visual optics.

PMID- 969228
TI  - Functional dependence of optical parameters on circumferential forces in the cat
      lens.

PMID- 969229
TI  - The effect of long-term light and dark adaptation and stimulus intensity on the
      receptor potential of the Limulus lateral eye.

PMID- 969230
TI  - Visually evoked eye movements in the mouse (Mus musculus).

PMID- 969231
TI  - [The electroretinogram of isopodan crustaceans].

PMID- 969232
TI  - Masking by pattern in random-dot stereograms.

PMID- 969233
TI  - Saccadic suppression of image displacement.

PMID- 969234
TI  - Evidence for a bistable photopigment contained in barnacle median photoreceptor.

PMID- 969235
TI  - Computer-enhanced resolution as an aid to identifying the macular pigment.

PMID- 969236
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies on retinal rod outer segment membranes - the equatorial
      pattern.

PMID- 969237
TI  - Retinal pigments, structure and function and behavior.

PMID- 969238
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia in the epidemiology of coronary disease].

PMID- 969239
TI  - [The problem of myocardial infarct in higher age].

PMID- 969240
TI  - [Our experiences with short-term endocardial stimulation using floating
      stimulation electrodes].

PMID- 969241
TI  - [Serological findings in patients with chronic idiopathic form of autoimmune
      hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 969242
TI  - [3 cases of enzymopathic hemolytic anemias].

PMID- 969243
TI  - [Occurrence of cancer and karyological findings in persons with long-term bone
      depot of 226 Ra and 90 Sr].

PMID- 969244
TI  - [Study on the polyglandular immunogenic insufficiency of endocrine glands
      (Schmidt's syndrome)].

PMID- 969245
TI  - [Study of immunoglobulin E using the radioimmunosorbent method (Phadebas IgE
      test) in typization of allergic patients].

PMID- 969246
TI  - [Finding of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) in diabetics in the North Moravian
      region].

PMID- 969247
TI  - [Determination of insulin in current clinical practice].

PMID- 969248
TI  - [Treatment of obesity through fasting].

PMID- 969249
TI  - [Incidence and significance of cryoglobulinemias in clinical practice].

PMID- 969250
TI  - [Current problems of physical therapy of diseases of the stomach and esophagus].

PMID- 969251
TI  - [Change in serotonin metabolism and microcirculation in patients with large
      intestinal pathology under the effect of treatment in the "Kazanskii"
      sanatorium].

PMID- 969252
TI  - [Dynamics of bile secretion in patients with chronic cholecystitis under the
      effect of complex treatment including Obukhovskai mineral water].

PMID- 969253
TI  - [Morphological state of the gastric and pancreatic mucosa after vagotomy with
      antral mucosectomy and under the effect of drinking calcium-magnesium-sodium
      sulfate water].

PMID- 969254
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of mud and peat applications on the content
      of ascorbic acid in the liver of animals].

PMID- 969255
TI  - [Effect of internal use of radon water on cell respiration in experimental
      hypercholesteremia].

PMID- 969256
TI  - [Iodine-bromine baths in complex sanatorium-health resort treatment of children
      with rhuematism in the inactive phase].

PMID- 969257
TI  - [Effect of bath-mud therapy on clinico-electromyographic indicators in adults
      with after effects of poliomyelitis].

PMID- 969258
TI  - [Effect on Dzhermuk mineral baths on the electrolyte content and the activity of
      cholinergic enzymes in the blood in patients with autonomic polyneuritis].

PMID- 969259
TI  - [Clinico-functional and biochemical changes in patients with initial cerebral
      arteriosclerosis after seawater bathing].

PMID- 969260
TI  - [Experimental study of copper electropyoresis].

PMID- 969261
TI  - [Value of exercise therapy in the comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation of
      patients after stomach resection].

PMID- 969262
TI  - [Treatment of children with scoliosis in the district medical-physical-culture
      dispensary].

PMID- 969263
TI  - [Effect of health resort treatment in Zheleznovodsk on indicators of food,
      microbial and tissue allergy in patients with chronic colitis].

PMID- 969264
TI  - [Weight dynamics and certain indicators of protein metabolism in premature
      newborn infants].

PMID- 969265
TI  - [Dynamics of circulating blood volume and its components during the 1st few days
      after birth in healthy infants carried to term].

PMID- 969266
TI  - [Effect of harmful factors on embryogenesis and organogenesis].

PMID- 969267
TI  - [Effect of climatic-weather conditions on the incidence of miscarriage].

PMID- 969268
TI  - [Characteristics of adaptation of newborn infants to extrauterine life under
      normal conditions and after a complicated pregnancy].

PMID- 969269
TI  - [Effect of late pregnancy toxemia on the offspring (review of the literature)].

PMID- 969270
TI  - [Improvement of the method of measurement of systolic, average and diastolic
      pressure in premature infants].

PMID- 969271
TI  - [Rheoencephalographic changes in cerebrovascular disorders in newborn infants].

PMID- 969272
TI  - [Birth injuries of the peripheral nervous system in children].

PMID- 969273
TI  - [Possibility of transplacental transmission of hepatitis-associated antigen].

PMID- 969274
TI  - [Condition of infants during the 1st year of life born to women immunized with
      staphylococcal toxoid during pregnancy].

PMID- 969275
TI  - [Role of x-ray examinations in detection of pulmonary pathology in premature
      infants].

PMID- 969276
TI  - [Certain metabolic disorders in the mother, fetus and newborn infant and their
      correction in pregnancy, complicated by hypochromic iron deficiency anemia].

PMID- 969277
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of anencephalus].

PMID- 969278
TI  - [Basic principles of the organization of resuscitation service in
      micropediatrics].

PMID- 969280
TI  - [Splenic rupture in a newborn infant].

PMID- 969279
TI  - [Certain aspects of metabolic adaptation to extrauterine life of healthy newborn
      infants and those born to mothers with late pregnancy toxemia].

PMID- 969281
TI  - [Corticosteroid therapy of viral hepatitis in children].

PMID- 969282
TI  - [Glucocorticoid therapy of chronic liver diseases in children and dynamics of
      serum immunoglobulins against the background of treatment].

PMID- 969283
TI  - Characteristics of intrahepatic hemodynamics in viral hepatitis in children
      according to rheographic data.

PMID- 969284
TI  - [Characteristics of cardiodynamics and intrahepatic circulation in children with
      liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 969285
TI  - [Nonicteric forms of serum hepatitis].

PMID- 969286
TI  - [Physiopathological basis of corticosteroid therapy of infectious diseases].

PMID- 969287
TI  - [Importance of interpretation of the results of bacteriological studies in
      intestinal disorders of non-dysenteric etiology in clinical aspects and
      epidemiology].

PMID- 969288
TI  - [Blood coagulation system in young children with intestinal].

PMID- 969289
TI  - [Functional-morphological characteristics of the lymphoid tissue in young
      children with toxemia].

PMID- 969290
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome in
      children].

PMID- 969291
TI  - [Results of remote follow-up of children having undergone infectious
      mononucleosis].

PMID- 969293
TI  - [Hemodynamic disorders in severe forms of pneumonia in infants under 1 year of
      age].

PMID- 969292
TI  - [Role of neuroallergy in the pathogenesis of post-parotitis meningoencephalitis
      and encephalomyelitis].

PMID- 969294
TI  - [Respiratory functional test in the evaluation of intrahepatic hemodynamics in
      healthy children and adolescents].

PMID- 969295
TI  - [Hemodynamics in late pregnancy toxemias under conditions of peridural
      analgesia].

PMID- 969296
TI  - [Changes of biochemical indicators of blood serum in late pregnancy toxemia].

PMID- 969297
TI  - [Detection of preclinical stage of late pregnancy toxemia and and characteristics
      of regional blood circulation in this condition].

PMID- 969298
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of diuretic effect of hypothiazide, furosemide and
      magnesium sulfate in the complex treatment of pregnant women with toxemia of the
      2d half of pregnancy].

PMID- 969299
TI  - [Abdominal form of pseudotuberculosis in children].

PMID- 969300
TI  - [Case of listeriosis in a 13-year-old child].

PMID- 969301
TI  - [Crying cat syndrome in a 4-month-old infant].

PMID- 969302
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases].

PMID- 969303
TI  - [Importance of dermatoglyphic studies in genetic counseling of parents of
      children with congenital developmental anomalies].

PMID- 969304
TI  - [Characteristics of electroplethysmographic and mechanographic indicators of the
      uterus during labor in case of the umbilical cord twisted around the fetus].

PMID- 969305
TI  - [Hormonal urocytology in the diagnosis of fetal condition during treatment of
      late toxemia].

PMID- 969306
TI  - [Effect of euphylline on fetal heart activity according to phonocardiographic and
      electrocardiographic data].

PMID- 969307
TI  - [International Day of Child Care].

PMID- 969308
TI  - [Somatotropin function of fetal hypophysis during labor].

PMID- 969309
TI  - [Frequency of cardiac contractions during the perinatal period in newborn infants
      with disorders of intrauterine development].

PMID- 969310
TI  - [Water-electrolyte metabolism in newborn infants of high birth weight during the
      adaptation period].

PMID- 969311
TI  - [Certain characteristics of lipid metabolism in healthy full-term and premature
      infants during the first 2 weeks after birth].

PMID- 969312
TI  - [Characteristics of certain blood lipids in newborn infants with intracranial
      birth injury].

PMID- 969313
TI  - [Level of immunoglobulins (A, M, G) in the blood of parturients and newborn
      infants].

PMID- 969314
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetal sex by determination of X- and Y-chromatin in the
      cells of the amniotic fluid].

PMID- 969315
TI  - [Metabolic aspects of the etiology of physiological neonatal jaundice].

PMID- 969316
TI  - [Balance of total amine nitrogen in certain forms of oligophrenia].

PMID- 969317
TI  - [Characteristics of the effect of diuretics in full-term and premature infants].

PMID- 969318
TI  - [Noma in staphylococcal pneumonia].

PMID- 969319
TI  - [Bronchial foreign bodies as a cause of severe pneumonia resistant to
      conservative therapy].

PMID- 969320
TI  - [Diffuse and widespread bronchopulmonary diseases in children].

PMID- 969321
TI  - [Cytological characteristics of bronchial washings and impressions from the
      bronchial mucosa in children with chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 969322
TI  - [Lipid metabolism in pneumonia in children].

PMID- 969323
TI  - [Importance of risk factors in the development of lung diseases and pneumonia in
      newborn infants].

PMID- 969324
TI  - [Treatment of chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 969325
TI  - [Primary reflus megaureter in young children].

PMID- 969326
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of some immunity indices in pyelonephritis in
      children].

PMID- 969327
TI  - [Importance of instrumental and graphic study methods in evaluating the state of
      the myocardium in children with nephritis].

PMID- 969328
TI  - [Importance of provocation tests in the diagnosis of latent pyelonephritis in
      children].

PMID- 969329
TI  - [Dispensary observation of children with chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis
      under polyceinic conditions].

PMID- 969330
TI  - [Fat-lipid metabolism in obese children and adolescents].

PMID- 969331
TI  - [Blood insulin content in adolescents as indicated by the standard glucose
      tolerance test].

PMID- 969332
TI  - [Sensitization of women to fetal tissue and leukocytic antigens and its role in
      miscarriage].

PMID- 969333
TI  - [Serotonin and carbohydrate metabolism in the dynamics of labor].

PMID- 969334
TI  - [Ovarian cysts and tumors at the prepubertal and pubertal age and the results of
      their treatment].

PMID- 969335
TI  - [Substantiation of the main diagnosis in respiratory viral diseases complicated
      by pneumonia in young children (apropos of G.K. Filippskii's article published in
      "Voprosy Okhrany Materinstva i Detstva", No. 1,1975)].

PMID- 969336
TI  - [Experience in organizing the treatment of children with bronchopulmonary
      diseases in hospital].

PMID- 969337
TI  - [Nonspecific immunological reactivity of young children with acute respitatory
      viral infections].

PMID- 969338
TI  - [Involvement of the bronchopulmonary system in Louis-Bar syndrome].

PMID- 969339
TI  - [Late results of gamma-teletherapy for lung cancer].
AB  - As a result of distance gamma-therapy on Rocus-123 machine in patients with
      pulmonary cancer in stage II-IV, the survival for a year period and longer was
      noted in 57.5 +/- 4.5%, over 3 years--in 19.5 +/- 3.6%; over 5 years--in 7.2+/-
      2.4%. An average life survival was 21.6 +/- 1.8%.

PMID- 969340
TI  - [Lung cancer in chronic inflammatory processes of the bronchi and pulmonary
      tissue].
AB  - An attempt was made to determine the frequency of lung cancer occurrence in
      different inflammatory processes in the bronchi and pulmonary tissue. 100 cases
      of lung cancer were studied according to case reports and autopsy finding, the
      main tumor node and metastases were explored histologically. The data obtained
      indicated that in 2.2% of cases the development of cancer was preceded by
      influenza with residual phenomenon such as purulent bronchitis or pneumonia, in
      2.3% of cases cancer occurrence was found to be dependent on chronic pneumonia.
      In 12.1% of cases cancer has arisen in fibrous-focal or cirrhotic tuberculosis
      with the presence of old caverns; in 14.7% of cases its development was related
      with pneumosclerosis and bronchiectases, and in 17.8% of cases it developed
      against the background of purulent bronchitis.

PMID- 969341
TI  - [Use of olivomycin in the treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix].
AB  - Olivomycin was used locally as 0.2% ointment (20-40 tampons) in 39 cervical
      cancer cases (I stage--27 patients, II--8, III--1 and IV--2 patients) and in 2
      vaginal cancer cases (II stage). There was noted a visual disappearance of the
      neoplasm in 24 cases, the decrease up to 1/3 of initial tumor dimensions in 11
      cases, up to 1/2-2/3--in 5 cases. There was no effect in one case of cervix
      adenocarcinoma. An extended extirpation of the uterus with its adnexa was carried
      out after the treatment in 36 cases, in 13 of which no histological signs of
      tumor were found. Two patients are being under observation, because they refused
      the operation in view of the complete disappearance of the tumor.

PMID- 969342
TI  - [Antitumor activity of the lymphocytes of BALB/c and C57BL mice during
      methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis].
AB  - By means of the elaborated by the authors method of inhibition by lymphocytes of
      spheroids production by tumor cells a quantitative estimation of their antitumor
      activity is given in mice BALB/c and C57BL in methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis,
      Lymphoid cells in mice BALB/c proved to be more active functionally than
      lymphocytes in mice C57BL. Antitumor action of the lymphocytes is high enough at
      early stages of blastoma development, lymphocytes from remote lymph nodes being
      mostly active. At terminal stage the effector action of lymphocytes is
      diminished.

PMID- 969343
TI  - [Morphologic changes in the urinary bladder of mice induced by metabolites of
      tryptophan and tyrosine].
AB  - 45-day-old 229 mice of lines C57Bl and CC57Br were injected subcutaneously water
      solutions of tryptophan and thyrosine metabolites 2.5 mg twice a week, the total
      dosage being 45-50 mg per mouse. For the control mice of the same line were
      taken. Within the period from 3.5 to 19 months following injection of the
      metabolites in the urinary bladder of animals, there were observed focal
      proliferates of the epithelium not infrequently with its atypism, and also
      lymphoid infiltration of submucous and muscle layers, reticulosarcomas,
      papillomas, precancerous conditions and cancer. The question of the importance of
      endogenous blastomogenic substances in the development of "spontaneous" tumors of
      the urinary bladder in man is discussed.

PMID- 969344
TI  - [Blastomogenic activity of 3-indolylacrylic acid in experiments on Syrian
      hamsters].

PMID- 969345
TI  - [Combined oncogenic effect of benzidine sulfate and dianisidine sulfate under
      experimental conditions].

PMID- 969346
TI  - [Influence of phenobarbital on the immunodepressive action of antitumor
      substances].
AB  - In the experiments on mice, immunized by mutton erythrocytes, the authors have
      studied the effect of phenobarbital, in the doses activating drug-metabolizing
      hepatic systems, on immunodepressive action of imurane, 6-mercaptopurine and
      cyclophosphane. It has been found that phenobarbital eliminates the
      immunodepression and reduces considerably the toxicity of the mentioned
      cytostatics. Under these conditions imurane and 6-mercaptopurine in certain doses
      render an immunostimulative instead of immunodepressive effect.

PMID- 969347
TI  - [Venous blood leukoconcentrate of oncologic patients following radiation
      therapy].
AB  - Venous blood leucoconcentrate was studied in 48 patients with malignant neoplasms
      of the genitalia before and after radiotherapy. The decrease in total number of
      leucocytes on account of the decreased lymphocytes number and young
      undifferentiated formed elements of blood was observed; a relative
      neutrophylosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia as well as lymphopenia developed. The
      study of venous blood leucoconcentrate in oncological patients characterizes more
      precisely the state of peripheral blood than the routine method of investigation.

PMID- 969348
TI  - [Late results of lung cancer therapy (according to material from the Kazakh
      Scientific Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology)].
AB  - The remote results in 295 patients subjected to radical surgical therapy are
      analysed, in 95 of these patients during two postoperative years 426 courses of
      chemotherapy were conducted. In squamous cell cancer of the lung 48 patients were
      administered methotrexate (90 mg per course), 18 patients with adenocarcinoma--5
      fluoruracil, 29 patients with undifferentiated cancer-cyclophosphane (3 g of each
      substance). The comparison of 3 and 5-year results depending on the stage, extent
      of surgical intervention and histological form of the tumor, indicated a
      considerable prolongation of life terms in patients, subjected to the combined
      treatment, as compared with solely surgical one.

PMID- 969349
TI  - [Work capacity of stomach cancer patients following radical surgery].

PMID- 969350
TI  - [Recognition of metastases to the liver in lung cancer patients].
AB  - The results of the complex treatment of 441 lung cancer patients are analysed, in
      whom scanning of the liver was performed to exclude a possible metastatic
      invasion. 72 patients (16.3%) died in signs of metastatic involvement of the
      liver: in 33 of them the diagnosis was established based on the data of scanning.
      30 of them were suspected of metastases in the liver due to scanning findings,
      and only in 10 cases scannograms were normal. In 14 of the last 40 patients
      repeat scannograms revealed metastases. Of the total number of 46 patients with
      metastases, revealed scannographically, only 15 showed clinical and scannographic
      signs of tumor involvement of the liver, whereas in the remaining 31--primary
      clinical signs of the liver involvement were absent, and metastases were first
      detected by radiologic studies. It is concluded, that it is rational to include
      scanning of the liver in the complex of the mandatory exploration in patients
      with lung cancer.

PMID- 969351
TI  - [Transplantation of melanoblastoma of the human eye into the anterior chamber].

PMID- 969352
TI  - [Acetylation in mice during administration of thiophosphamide and hydrazine
      sulfate].

PMID- 969353
TI  - [Effect of prospidin on development of induced tumors in rats].

PMID- 969354
TI  - [State of the exocrine function of the pancreas during human aging].
AB  - A study of the exacrinous function of the pancreas made in 205 healthy persons
      aged from 18 to 90 has evidenced that in ageing there takes place in the duodenal
      mixture of juices a statistically significant decline in the activity of trypsin
      and of its inhibitor, lipase, amylase, in the level of bicarbonates and in the
      volume of the juice along with an increase in the content of chlorides. In ageing
      more marked changes become apparent following application of the agents
      stimulating the pancreatic secretion of the secretin and pancreozymin mechanism
      of action, and then the greatest changes are seen to occur on the level of lipase
      and trypsin and the least -- on the level of the amylase activity and the
      bicarbonate alkalinity content. Note has also been taken of an age-specific
      statistically significant decline in the activity of the studied pancreatic
      enzymes in the blood (trypsin, its inhibitor, lipase, amylase) and in the urine
      (lipase, amylase).

PMID- 969355
TI  - [Nutrition and the state of health of the population of the UkrSSR].
AB  - Investigations made it possible to establish that in the period from 1925-28 to
      1970-71 there took place in the Ukraine an increase in the consumption of animal
      products (milk, meat, fish, eggs), of sugar, vegetables, fruits and a fall in the
      consumption of cereals (bakery products, grits, macaroni, beans) and potato.
      Because of these dietary changes in the nutritional pattern of the population
      there were noted an elevated proportional share of proteins and fats, basically
      of animal origin, and a decrease in that of complex carbohydrates. A direct
      relation between the health status of the population and its alimentation has
      been ascertained; first--between the calorific value of the food products sets
      and their fat and carbohydrates content, on the one hand, and the body weight of
      the examined, on the other; and secondly--between the fluorine level in the food
      and the prevalence of fluorosis, caries, exostosis, aggravated by an imbalance of
      a number of nutritional components, on the other. Note has been taken at the same
      time of the fact that obese individuals suffer more often from cardio-vascular
      affections, gout, uro- and cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 969356
TI  - [Effect of calorie deficient nutrition on thiol group content of liver cell
      nuclei from white rats of different ages].
AB  - The sulfydryl and disulfide groups content in summary histones of the hepatic
      cell nuclei in the Wistar albino rats aged 1, 3, 12 and 24 months was studied by
      employing amperometric titration under normal conditions and under the action on
      the organism of calorifically substandard nutrition tending to significantly
      prolong the life-span in these animals. In intact animals the content of thiol
      groups in histones was found to reach the maximum on the 3d month of their life,
      to continue at this level during the first year and to decline in old (34 month
      old) animals. In the post-natal ontogenesis of the rats the ratio of sulfhydryl
      to disulfide groups in the histone proteins does not show any noticeable changes.
      With calorific deficiency this ratio increases in histones of old animals. The
      possible significance of the thiol groups balance in the histone proteins in
      regulating the genome activity during age-dependent development of the animals is
      discussed.

PMID- 969357
TI  - [Processes of 14C-labeled glucose and dietary fat assimilation and metabolism].
AB  - 14C-labeled butter, beef and mutton fats, naturally obtained in farm animals
      through biosynthesis, as well as oleic acid and glucose, put out by the industry,
      were introduced to albino male-rats. The values of absorption coefficients for
      the said substances, the rates of absorption and oxidation in tissues, the
      proportion of compounds eliminated from the organism in 24 hours together with
      the air in the form of CO2 through the lungs and skin and together with excreta
      were determined experimentally. It is shown that the glucose metabolism proceeds
      much more intensively than does the fat metabolism. The rate of assimilation and
      elimination of different edible fats depends upon their composition (ratio
      between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids).

PMID- 969358
TI  - [Nutrition and disease].
AB  - An essentially new concept of the effect of nutrition on the development and
      evolution of diseases has been advanced. At its root there lies the theory of
      metabolic current as a main path for maintaining the homeokinesis. In the aspect
      of this concept the pathogenesis of malnutrition diseases is considered as
      affections due to imbalanced alimentation at the cellular level. Changes in the
      biochemical status of the organism occurring under stressor effects and the part
      played by the nutrition factor in adaptive reactions of the organism in response
      to the stressor effects are analyzed. Investigations concerning the role of
      nutrition in the genesis of adiposity and atherosclerosis are summarized. The
      paper offers a summary of the material contained in numerous research works of
      the author and his collaborators, as well as information published in the world
      literature that leave no doubt as to the effectiveness of enzymological
      approaches and, in particular, the validity of the metabolis current concept, all
      this being essential for understanding the significance of alimentary factors in
      preventing and treatment of many diseases.

PMID- 969359
TI  - [Possible route for thiamine participation in fatty acid synthesis].
AB  - The possibility of thiamine partaking in the synthesis of fatty acids through the
      functions unrelated to the catalytic properties of thiamine-diphosphate was
      studied. Rats kept on a fat-free ration devoid of thiamine were given thiamine of
      thiochrome with no vitaminic properties. The total fatty acids content in
      different tissues and incorporation therein of tagged acetate and pyruvate was
      determined, while the fatty acids composition of the liver was investigated by
      using gas chromatography. Thiamine and thiochrome produced a similar effect on a
      number of the study factors, i.e. they forced down the total acids level in the
      spleen, intensified incorporation of tagged acetate and pyruvate in fatty acids
      of the heart and uniformly changed the fatty acids composition in the liver. It
      is suggested that the unindirectional effects of thiamine and thiochrome is due
      to the oxidative transformation of thiamine into thiochrome.

PMID- 969360
TI  - [Neural thiamine transport in the central nervous system].

PMID- 969361
TI  - [Retinylpalmitate- and retinylacetate hydrolase activity of the small intestine
      in dogs following disruption of the exocrine function of the pancreas].

PMID- 969362
TI  - [Influence of the concentration and composition of dietary fats on biochemical
      changes in the liver and blood of rats during protracted muscular activity].
AB  - Tests made on adult albino rats kept for two weeks on isocaloric rations with an
      equal content of protein, but differing in that of fat and dissimilar in the
      fatty acids composition and the methionine level evidenced that in the event of a
      prolonged muscular activity the authors find rations with a not too high fat
      content (30 and less per cent of the aggregate caloricity), but sufficiently rich
      in linolic acid and methionine more adequate. Failure to comply with these
      conditions causes an inferior utilization of lipids during muscular activity and
      slowing down of the restitution processes at the time of rest. The character of
      the ration has no material effect on the mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids
      during muscular activity.

PMID- 969363
TI  - [Science of nutrition in the 9th Five-Year Plan].

PMID- 969364
TI  - [Effect of different levels of protein and cellulose in the diet on the
      radiosensitivity of guinea pigs].
AB  - Investigations included 6 groups of male guinea pigs counting 50 guinea pigs in
      each of them. Starting from the age of 25 days the animals were kept on standard
      rations consisting of granulated combined fodder with diverse protein (22.8,
      17.5, 13.8 per cent) and cellular tissue (11.8, 13.6, 15.7 per cent) content. The
      results failed to show any significant dependance of the animals'
      radiosensitivity on the protein and cellular tissue levels in the diet.

PMID- 969365
TI  - [Effect of alimentary lysine deficiency on free amino acid concentration in rat
      tissues].

PMID- 969366
TI  - [Diet therapy of patients with chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Results of dietotherapy used in dealing with 68 patients suffering from chronic
      diffuse glomerulonephritis at the stage of chronic renal incompetence and with 50
      others with the nephrotic syndrome are reported. The pertinent observations and
      investigations indicate that the most adequate ration for patients with chronic
      renal insufficiency is the one containing 40 g of protein. With a far advanced
      renal incompetence the treatment is to be started with a diet containing 20 g of
      protein and then, as the condition of the patients gets better, puts them on a
      diet with 40 g of protein. Observations have also brought out the fact that
      patients with nephrotic syndrome are in need of a diet containing 1.5-2 g of
      protein per 1 kg of an edema-free body weight of the patient.

PMID- 969367
TI  - [Effect of a diet containing protein-mineral enrichment on the course of chronic
      gastritis with secretory inadequacy and ulcer desease].
AB  - The effect of a rational diet and of antiulcerous diets containing a proteinic
      mineral enrichment (in an amount of 20--30 g) on the clinical symptomatology, the
      peripheral blood picture and some biochemical blood serum characteristics in
      patients with atrophic gastritis and duodenal ulcer was studied. In cases of
      atrophic gastritis with hypoferremia the proteinic enrichment was incorporated in
      the diet (rational) in an amount of 80--90 g per day. Control observations were
      conducted over analogous groups of patients receiving the same diets, but without
      proteinic enrichment. These observations continued over a period of 30--40 days.
      Thanks to a high content of easily assimilated iron and a well-balanced amino
      acids composition the proteinic-mineral enrichment has been found to be a
      valuable food product that is capable of favourably influencing the hemopoietic
      function of the organism and improving the blood proteins composition. Most
      patients with atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer tolerate well the products and
      meals carrying additions of the proteinic enrichment.

PMID- 969368
TI  - [Effect of diet therapy on several metabolic disorders in obese patients of
      different ages].
AB  - Data derived from a comparative study of some lipids and water metabolism rates
      in patients suffering mainly from metabolic-alimentary form of adiposity in 2 age
      groups (from 16 to 25 and from 35 years and upwards, respectively) are offered.
      In patients of both groups substantial changes in the lipid fractions of the
      blood were noted. The proportions of glycerides, beta-lipoproteins and free fatty
      acids in the blood were markedly increased. At the same time, all the patients,
      irrespective of their age, demonstrated a fall of the glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity of the fatty tissue along with a reduced diurnal excretion
      of catecholamines with DOPA. There were in evidence characteristic disorders of
      the water metabolism that found their expression in an increased overall amount
      of water and also in a higher content of extra- and intracellular fluid. A low
      calories diet used in conjunction with graded therapeutic exercises helped
      achieve a positive dynamics in the reduction of the patients' body weight along
      with a tendency toward normalization of the study metabolic rates in both of
      these age groups.

PMID- 969369
TI  - [Organization of nutrition for the builders of the Baikal-Amur main line].

PMID- 969370
TI  - [Effect of qualitatively different proteins in the diet of patients with
      alimentary obesity on the course of the disease].
AB  - Among the population of the Ukrainian SSR 22 per cent of persons suffering from
      adiposity were revealed. Their nutritional pattern is characterized by an
      elevated caloritic value, a higher consumption of sugar, animal fats, as well as
      non-optimal structure of proteinic products. Of interest was elaboration and
      scientific substantiation of a dietetic nutrition in alimenary adiposity with due
      regard for the particularities specific for the alimentary pattern prevalent
      among the residents of the Ukrainian SSR. Under observation were kept 150
      patients with alimentary obesity. The patients were kept on a low-calories diet
      (1450-1600 kcal) with restricted ingestion of carbohydrates (80--120 g), with
      physiological content of fat and protein. The 1st group of patients received meat
      and fish as a source of protein, the patients of the 2nd group were given a diet
      enriched with 100 g of the "Ocean" paste and those of the 3d group received a
      diet enriched with 150 g of egg whites. The greatest weight reduction was
      recorded in patients of the 3d group (10.96 +/- 0.48 kg), while in patients of
      the second (9.4 +/- 0.17 kg) and the first (8.5 +/- 0.34 kg) the reduction proved
      less marked. A diet enriched with egg white produced most beneficial effect also
      on the hormonal-metabolic disorders, viz. it helped to more significantly improve
      the adrenal function, that of the insular system, the blood serum protein
      metabolism rates, as well as those of the blood serum fat metabolism. The above
      investigations justify enrichment of the reducing diet with egg white and with
      the "Okean" paste.

PMID- 969371
TI  - [Effect of the quantity of fat in the diet on the secretion and composition of
      bile in rats].

PMID- 969372
TI  - [Concentration of mercuro-organic compounds (methyl- and ethyl derivatives) in
      several species of fish and sea products].
AB  - By using gas-liquid chromatography the content of organic mercury compounds
      (methyl- and ethyl derivatives) in some widely consumed in alimentation fish
      species and marine products was determined. Methyl mercury was found in 96.2 per
      cent of a total of 104 samples. The average level of its content in the fish
      species under study was dissimilar, viz. in cod fish--0.045 + .0053 mg/kg. in sea
      perch--0.021 +/- 0.0029 mg/kg; in sprat--0.0050 +/- 0.0013 mg/kg. In marine
      products (crustacea, sea crayfish, shrimps) the percentage of the methyl mercury
      detection comprised 100, 60 and 85, respectively and the contamination level did
      not exceed 0.0520 mg/kg. Ethyl mercury was found in 33--35 per cent of 40 samples
      of shrimps and crustacea and in 13.6 per cent of fish subjected to analysis. From
      the above data the amount of methyl mercury introduced with a diurnal portion of
      fish was estamated at 0.9--5.0 psi per man-day.

PMID- 969373
TI  - [Effect of dietary carbohydrates and fats on the intensity of changes in lipid
      metabolism in the presence of protein deficiency].

PMID- 969374
TI  - [Amino acid composition and biologic value of the proteins of several sorts of
      buckwheat].
AB  - The amino acids composition of summary proteins in unground buckwheat of four
      common and promising varieties grown in the Ukraine was investigated by using ion
      exchange chromatography with an automatic analyzor Hd-1200 E. Between individual
      varieties of buckweheat no essential differences in the amino acids content were
      in evidence. The total proteins of the buckwheat grit contain high quantities of
      lysine, treonine, leucine, glutamic acid and arginine. The amino acids score was
      instrumental in determining the biological value and in eliciting amino acids
      limiting this value in different grits. These data may be made use of in the
      practice of public catering for estimating formulae of meals prepared with grits
      differently combined with other products securing an improved amino acids
      composition of ready-to-eat meals.

PMID- 969375
TI  - [Sanitary-epidemiologic stations as training bases for the department of
      nutritional hygiene].

PMID- 969376
TI  - [Changes in the lipid component of the muscle tissue of several species of fish
      during refrigeration and heat treatment].
AB  - By using univariate thin-layer chromatography on silicagel IC254 of the company
      "Chamapod Szechoslovakia" the qualitative and quantitative composition of the
      muscular tissue lipids in new oceanic fish--seriolella and epigonus was
      determined. It was ascertained that the qualitative composition of lipids changed
      during cold storage but insignificantly, due to hydrolysis of triglycerides and
      oxidation of phospholipids. In the course of heat treatment there occurs
      disintegration of the lipid-proteinic complexes attended by an accretion of
      phospholipids. An increment of free fatty acids is caused by the hydrolytic
      decomposition of triglycerides.

PMID- 969377
TI  - [Determination of residual amounts of antibiotics of the tetracycline series in
      meat products].
AB  - An analysis of literature sources and the authors' own experimental
      investigations served as a basis for the proposed method of determining residual
      amounts of the tetracycline series antibiotics in meat products. The method
      provides for the use of the test-culture Bac. cereus ATCC 11778, nutrient medium
      on the basis of Hottinger's hydrolysate and of a citrate-hydrochloride extracting
      mixture.

PMID- 969378
TI  - [Role of incomplete dietary protein in experimental formation of gallstones].
AB  - The influence exerted by the quality of alimentary protein on the composition of
      the secreted bile, morphology of the liver and gallbladder, as well as on the
      formation of gallstones was studied in experiments with rats and hamsters. It is
      shown that with inclusion in an experimental fat-free ration of qualitatively
      incomplete protein gelatin (instead of caseine) the frequency of the gallstones
      formation increases by almost 6 times. In animals this is attended by a reduced
      concentration of a number of major bile components. Upon feeding for 2 weeks on
      lithogenic ration with gelatin morphological investigations disclose inflammatory
      changes in the gallbladder wall, and after a lapse of 3 weeks--multiple
      exulcerations in the mucosa and a dense gross sediment in the gallbladder lumen.

PMID- 969379
TI  - [Effect of long-term vitamin A administration on the acid fastness and
      biochemical properties of erythrocytes].
AB  - A long-term administration of retinol in a dose exceeding 15-fold the diurnal
      requirement to rats weighing 170-200 g provoked a diminution of the erythrocytes
      resistance to an acid hemolytic, an intensified uptake of glucose, and increased
      activity of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, aldolase, phosphohexoisomerase),
      accumulation of lactate, along with changes in the redox enzymes activity,
      suppression of the catalase and intensification of peroxidase activity. The
      content of microergic nucleotides and electrolites (Na+ and K+) remained
      unchanged.

PMID- 969380
TI  - [Effect of the rate of heating ground meat products with ultra-high frequency
      energy on completing their preparation].
AB  - The influence of the heating rate on the readiness of forced meat products
      determined from inactivation of the acid phosphatase and the temperature of the
      product, was studied. Changes in the enzyme activity and in organoleptic
      characteristics were studied by using forced meat prepared from high-quality beef
      (2 per cent of kitchen salt, curing in a salt solution for 24 hours at 4 degrees
      with addition of 25 per cent of water to the raw meat during cutting). The
      analyses were made when the temperature of the forced meat reached 68-80 degrees
      (with an interval of 1 degree) the rates of heating being as follows: 0, 1, 1, 2,
      4, 6, 8, 10 degrees with the field tension ranging from 2000 up to 16000 V/m. The
      power applied amounted to 40-2000 W. The readiness of a product undergoing the
      UHF-treatment with different heating rates was found to be achieved at
      temperatures ranging from 72.0 to 75.2 degrees and it may be assessed objectively
      from inactivation of the acid phosphatase and with reference to the temperature
      of the product matching each heating rate individually. An equation from which
      the temperature of the forced meat products readiness may be determined is given.

PMID- 969381
TI  - [Extractability of lipids from fish and fish products].
AB  - The completness of the lipids removal from the fish muscles and fish products was
      investigated by making extraction in a filtering separating funnel (FSF) formerly
      proposed for determining lipids in oil-bearing seeds and cereals. The new
      modified procedure was contrasted against the standard one (accepted by the State
      Standards) used in separating and quantitative determination of the lipids
      content in fish by using the Socklet apparatus for extraction. The proposed
      variant of extraction was found to secure a higher yield of the lipids. The
      pattern of analysis used in determining the lipids content in vegetable products
      may well be used also in investigating animal products, such as, fish and fish
      products.

PMID- 969382
TI  - [Fluorine concentration in food products and rations obtained in different
      biogeochemical regions of the Ukraine].

PMID- 969383
TI  - [Modeling calculations of pesticide contamination of horticultural products].
AB  - The growth of the pesticies production and of the scope of their use can produce
      in man and in his environment some adverse consequences, the elimination of which
      is possibly by their proper and safe management. In order to solve this problem
      it is necessary to elicit basic factors determining this process and also to
      foresee the outcome of it under changing conditions, i.e. three successive stages
      are involved, viz. modelling-forecasting-management. In the event of complex
      multiparametric natural phenomena, among which stands also the process of
      interaction between pesticides and various environmental objects, the realization
      of the said stages invariably presupposes the use of mathematical approaches, and
      one of these is considered in the present work.

PMID- 969384
TI  - [Fatty acid composition of lard following different types of pig fattening].

PMID- 969385
TI  - [Determination of morestane in water, soil and cucumbers by thin-layer
      chromatography].

PMID- 969386
TI  - [Hygienic assessment of purifying food paraffin of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon
      benz(a)pyrene at the Novo-Gor'kovskii petroleum refinery].

PMID- 969387
TI  - [Determining the effectiveness of heat treatment of meat products].

PMID- 969388
TI  - [Distribution of residual amounts of DDT in the organs and tissues of fish from
      the Kiev reservoir].

PMID- 969389
TI  - The HLA polymorphism and susceptibility to disease.
AB  - Remarkable differences were observed when 1,465 healthy Caucasian individuals and
      128 healthy Negro individuals were compared for the genetic distribution of 25
      different HLA antigens. Caucasians had a significantly higher frequency of A1,
      A3, B8, and Bw16, and Negroes of A28 and Aw30. The haplotype which had the
      highest incidence as well as the greatest positive linkage disequilibrium was A1
      B8 among Caucasians and A2-B12 among Negroes. Genetic distance between the two
      races was 0.0592. The 89 Caucasian patients with renal failure did not
      demonstrate any significant deviations in phenotype frequencies (PF) of various
      antigens, when compared with healthy Caucasians; however, 48 similar Negro
      patients had twice as high an incidence of Bw17 as the healthy Negroes. No
      significant deviation in PF was observed in 77 Caucasian patients who had
      leukemia; however, 32 Caucasian patients who had back pain (24 also had back
      stiffness) due to spondylitic, arthritic or disc syndrome, had a significant
      increase of Bw16 and of B27, and a decrease of B12, when compared to Caucasian
      controls.

PMID- 969390
TI  - Expression of genetic markers of erythrocyte immunoglobulin G autoantibodies in
      autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
AB  - The Gm allotype constitution of the autoantibody molecules and the serum Gm
      phenotypes were determined in 19 patients with autiommune hemolytic anemia of IgG
      type. The results showed that the known heterogeneity of the antierythrocyte
      autoantibodies in this disease concerns not only the immunoglobulin class and the
      isotypic subclass, but also the genetic markers of these molecules. Evidence was
      obtained that the anomalous production of antierythrocyte autoantibodies is
      polyclonal, that thse autoantibodies belong mainly to the IgG1 isotypic subclass,
      and that they have a preference for the Gm(1) allotype. In addition, certain of
      the findings point to a preferential expression of the Gm(1,21) haplotype.

PMID- 969391
TI  - Gas chromatographic trace analysis of beta-propiolactone in sterilized serum
      proteins.
AB  - A method for detecting traces of beta-propiolactone, which was previously
      described by Schmitz-Masse, has been modified and adapted to the analysis of
      protein solutions. Using this method, the rate of hydrolysis of beta
      propiolactone (beta-P1) was examined and beta-P1 sterilized commercial products
      were analyzed for possible residual nonhydrolyzed beta-P1.

PMID- 969392
TI  - Variations of H, A and B antigen strengths among Melanesians.
AB  - Melanesians of groups O, A1 and B all show greater variation of H antigen
      strength than do Caucasians. This is least marked in O bloods. Although the
      average H content of Melanesian and Caucasian samples did not differ
      significantly, 10% of O and over 20% of A1 and B bloods from coastal Austronesian
      speakers had higher H than was found among Caucasians, There is evidence that
      some non-Austronesian populations in New Guinea have twice this incidence of A1
      high H. Melanesian and Bantu H, A1 and B genes appear to function similarly, in
      that their B genes act more effectively than Caucasian, their A1 genes less so,
      while H produces greater variation. It is suggested that this gene interaction,
      rather than the significantly greater availability of H or substrate in the
      Bantu, causes the observed variations from the Caucasian pattern found in the
      other races. Subjects with selective antigenic depression were excluded from the
      comparative studies, but the relevance of this phenomenon to apparent H content
      in Melanesians is discussed.

PMID- 969393
TI  - Hepatitis B antibody detection in solid-phase radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A simple radioimmunologic procedure for the detection of anti-hepatitis B
      antibody using the 125I Ausria kit (Abbott) is described. The rapidity,
      sensitivity and high specificity of this method are underlined.

PMID- 969394
TI  - Can a national all voluntary blood transfusion service by adequate blood
      component therapy cover actual and future needs of albumin?

PMID- 969395
TI  - [Work of specialized myocardial infarct departments in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 969396
TI  - [Effect of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents on the allergic inflammatory
      reaction].

PMID- 969397
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of neurosis- and psychopathy-like states].

PMID- 969398
TI  - [State of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with vibration disease].

PMID- 969399
TI  - [Functional state of the sympathico-adrenal system in workers in hot shops of an
      automobile plant].

PMID- 969400
TI  - [Data on the incidence and clinical manifestations of the hypothalamic syndrome
      of occupational etiology].

PMID- 969401
TI  - [State of the thermoregulation function in mental workers with marked emotional
      stress].

PMID- 969402
TI  - [Effect of dichloroethane on the activity of certain enzyme systems of the blood
      and indices of its morphological composition in warm-blooded animals].

PMID- 969403
TI  - [Evaluation of morbidity, disability and mortality in cardiovascular diseases of
      workers of the machine-building industry].

PMID- 969404
TI  - [Certain problems of the clinical and diagnosis of salmonellosis].

PMID- 969405
TI  - [Adenosine deaminase and AMP-aminohydrolase activity of the blood serum in
      patients with jaundice].

PMID- 969406
TI  - [Diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis].

PMID- 969407
TI  - [Death of a patient caused by candidal sepsis].

PMID- 969408
TI  - [Meningococcal infection with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome and crural skin
      necrosis].

PMID- 969409
TI  - [Effectiveness of gammalon and anticholinesterase preparations in the restorative
      and residual periods of ischemic stroke in old age].

PMID- 969410
TI  - [Role of the Hospital Public Council in controlling hospital material resources].

PMID- 969411
TI  - [Dispensary care of patients with diabetes mellitus under rural conditions].

PMID- 969412
TI  - [Clinico-electroencephalographic comparisons in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
      in the acute period].

PMID- 969413
TI  - [Indicators of central hemodynamics in primary arterial hypertension in young
      persons].

PMID- 969414
TI  - [State of ventilation and perfusion of the lungs in radiation therapy of patients
      with bronvhial cancer].

PMID- 969415
TI  - [Intravital diagnosis of malignant tumor metastasis of the heart].

PMID- 969417
TI  - [Thyrotoxicosis with atypical manifestation of cardiac involvement].

PMID- 969416
TI  - [Kyphoscoliosis and cor pulmonale (clinico-roentgenological study)].

PMID- 969418
TI  - [Thyroid gland function in lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 969419
TI  - [Age characteristics of the phagocytic reaction of neutrophils].

PMID- 969420
TI  - [Effect of sex hormones on the state of the cardiovascular system in women with
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 969421
TI  - [State of chromosomes of the interphase nucleus in the epithelial cells of the
      mouth mucosa in patients with glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 969422
TI  - [L-forms of bacteria and revertants in chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 969423
TI  - [Significance of tissue blood coagulating enzymes in the pathogenesis of
      intravascular coagulation in the kidneys in diffuse glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 969424
TI  - [Neurological changes in patients with chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 969425
TI  - [Skin capillary circulation in middle-aged and aged patients with hypertension].

PMID- 969426
TI  - [Effect of liobil on the acid-forming function of the stomach in peptic ulcer and
      chronic cholecystitis].

PMID- 969427
TI  - [Liver function in patients with enterocolitis during complex treatment].

PMID- 969428
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of pequocrin and allochol in
      chronic cholecystocholangitis].

PMID- 969429
TI  - [Duodenal hormonal tonic ad relaxation activity].

PMID- 969430
TI  - [Malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum].

PMID- 969431
TI  - [Effects of "silver water" and silver-treated water on the digestive organs].

PMID- 969432
TI  - [Gastric cancer metastases to the skin].

PMID- 969433
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of lumbo-sacral radiculitis].

PMID- 969434
TI  - [Use of allergens from chemical substances for the diagnosis of allergic diseases
      of chemical etiology].

PMID- 969435
TI  - [Causes of lesions of the nervous system in acute respiratory diseases].

PMID- 969436
TI  - [Use of the injection method of artificial respiration in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 969437
TI  - [Intensive-fission method of irradiation in the treatment of lung cancer].

PMID- 969438
TI  - [Blood groups and malignant tumor morbidity].

PMID- 969439
TI  - [Treatment of furunculosis with novocaine-furacillin block].

PMID- 969440
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of myocardial infarct in young age].

PMID- 969441
TI  - [Characteristics of treatment of vegetative disorders in lumbo-sacral radicular
      syndromes].

PMID- 969442
TI  - [Certain characteristics of inheritance of Huntington's chorea].

PMID- 969443
TI  - [Relationship between general state of the body and clinical course of sclerotic
      macular dystrophy].

PMID- 969444
TI  - [Analysis of the incidence of hypertensive disease among the workers of the main
      branches of industry in the Soviet Union republics and in the cities in 1960
      1972].

PMID- 969445
TI  - [Acute dichloroethane poisoning].

PMID- 969446
TI  - [Liver function in chronic cholecystitis in metallurgists].

PMID- 969447
TI  - [Effect of glucocorticoids on the clinical course and certain indicators of
      nitrogen metabolism in patients with chronic viral hepatitis].

PMID- 969448
TI  - [Analysis of the effectiveness of dispensarization of industrial workers].

PMID- 969449
TI  - [Value of vectorcardiographic examination in diagnosis of cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 969450
TI  - [Blood coagulation and lipid  metabolism in patients with coronary
      arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 969451
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism and types of hyperlipoproteinemia in coronary
      arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 969452
TI  - [Effect of curantyl on myocardial contractility and regional blood circulation in
      patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 969453
TI  - [Risk factors and prevention of certain diseases of the internal organs].

PMID- 969454
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of changes of the oxidation-reduction indicators].

PMID- 969455
TI  - [Additional possibilities of clinico-rheographic diagnosis of cerebrovascular
      disorders].

PMID- 969456
TI  - [Combined treatment of hypertensive disease].

PMID- 969457
TI  - [Vitamin B 6 balance in hypertensive disease].

PMID- 969458
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical manifestation of cerebrovascular diseases in
      relation to environmental factors].

PMID- 969459
TI  - [Acetylcholine-cholinesterase system in rheumatic heart disease associated with
      hypertensive disease].

PMID- 969460
TI  - [Osmoregulating function of the kidneys and electrolyte balance in arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 969461
TI  - [Effect of galascorbin on glycoprotein metabolism in chronic glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 969462
TI  - [Hydronephrotic nephrosclerosis].

PMID- 969463
TI  - [Blood serum protein spectrum and secretory function of the stump of resected
      stomach in patients with ulcer disease at remote periods after surgery].

PMID- 969464
TI  - [Research and introduction of the principles of the Scientific Work Organization
      into the activity of the district hospitals in Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 969465
TI  - [Relationship between estrogens and corticoids in the human body].

PMID- 969466
TI  - [Therapeutic effectiveness of partial exchange transfusion in experimental
      allergic hepatitis].

PMID- 969467
TI  - [Use of vitamin E for treatment of experimental liver dystrophy].

PMID- 969468
TI  - [Treatment of thyrotoxicosis with the herb Potentilla alba].

PMID- 969469
TI  - [Thyroid gland function in patients with hypothalamic disorders].

PMID- 969470
TI  - [2 cases of Burger-Grutz syndrome].

PMID- 969471
TI  - [Disorders of exocrine pancreatic secretion in chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 969472
TI  - [Complex treatment of chronic pneumonia associated with bronchospastic syndrome].

PMID- 969473
TI  - [Radioisotopic studies in cancer of the thyroid gland].
AB  - The authors analyze the results from the carried out radioisotope investigations
      in preoperation and postoperation period of 42 patients with thyroid gland
      cancer. The test for 131J cumulation and thyreoscintigraphy were performed prior
      to operation. A part of the patients was stressed to reveal hyperthyroid function
      of the thyroid gland. The cases of cold nodules of the thyroid gland prevail on
      the scintigraphy. The test for 131J cumulation, thyreoscintigraphy, determination
      of the level of the proteinbound radioiodine in serum and Hamolski test were
      carried out as control investigations after the operation prior to percutaneous
      radiation and radioiodine therapy. Patients with hypothyroidism predominate in
      the first investigation. The cases with partial resection of thyroid gland
      prevail in scintigraphy, with cases of "white" scintigraphy and cases with normal
      scintigraphyic image of the gland. The proteinbound radioiodine in serum, besides
      the majority of the cases with normal values, in a part of the examined-shows
      etevated values. Homolski test in the majority of the patients is within the
      normal limits and the cases with elevated vales might be due to the specific
      changes in the capapcity-binding ability of thyroxinbinding glubin, but are
      always suspicious for metastases in function. The complex radioisotope
      investigation of the thyroid gland are basic methods for the early thyroid cancer
      diagnosis, for the determination of the therapeutic trends and prognosis of the
      patient and for the follow-up in dynamics the progress of the disease and the
      effect of the carried out treatment.

PMID- 969474
TI  - [Restoration of the sinus rhythm in auricular fibrillation].

PMID- 969475
TI  - [Character of the rheumatic heart lesions in the current treatment and prevention
      of rheumatism].
AB  - An analysis and assessment of the character of heart lesions, their severity,
      development and influence by the contemporary complex antirheumatic treatment is
      performed on 1147 rheumatic patients. It was concluded that due to the organized
      struggle and prophylaxis of rheumatism as well as the timely diagnosis and early
      and complex antirheumatic treatment with the inclusion of relatively high doses
      of corticohormones, the rheumatic attacks develop lightly with a predominant
      affect of myocardium but to a light degree.

PMID- 969476
TI  - [Dynamics of the frequency and the causes of death in cardiac infarct].

PMID- 969477
TI  - [Unilateral bronchography at a young age and ventilatory function].
AB  - In 21 males, aged about 20, 18 out of them with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases
      (bronchiectases, focal fibrosis, deforming bronchitis) and three healthy--VC,
      FEFR1, FVC, MMV50, MEFR200-1200, MAEFR, MAEFR25-75 and MEFR50 and MEFR90 were
      spirographically investigated prior to, two hours afert and 24 hours after
      unilateral bronchography; the three of the investigations were combined with a
      subsequent inhalation bronchodilatation test with orziprenalin--aersol (alupent).
      A mixed (restrictive-obstructive) ventilation syndrome with bronchospasm was
      established to develop after the bronchography. The restrictive syndrome is
      prevailing and that is conditioned by the absence of a definite manifestation of
      the obstruction at the level of the flow rates with small pulmonary volmes. The
      restrictive syndrome is admitted to be conditioned by "fear of coughing and the
      obstructuve-by the opaque medium and bronchospasm after the injection of the 
      opaque substance.

PMID- 969478
TI  - [Obstructive changes in the lung of young smokers].
AB  - The results from the spirometric investigations of pulmonary function in
      comparable  grpis pf 28 smokers and 37 non-smokers at the age of 20 are
      presented. Positive obstructive changes were established to be present in the
      lungs of the smokers (smoked about 20 cigarettes daily in the course of four
      years and more); they were varified by the essential decrease of FEO1, MRFR200
      1200, MAEFR25-75, EFR25 and EFR10. MMV50 is decreased with a critical statistical
      significance.

PMID- 969479
TI  - [Urine specific gravity and osmolarity in hypertension patients with
      dehydration].
AB  - Results are reported from the comparative investigations of kidney concentration
      function by urine specific gravity and its osmolatity of 58 patients with
      arterial hypertension. Significant differences were found in more of the half of
      the patients. On the base of certain theoretical prerequisites and possibilities
      of technical errors was concluded that the determination of the maximal urine
      osmolality is a more reliable and more accurate index for the actual renal
      concentration ability. Urine specific gravity can be used in the everyday
      clinical practice due to the more convenient and easier determination. Urine
      osmolality must be used predominantly in scientific-clinical studies.

PMID- 969480
TI  - [Cortisol secretion rate (CSR) in hypertension and endocrine patients].
AB  - With the method of isotope dilution the circadian cortisol secretion was
      determined in 22 patients with hypertonic disease--28.35 mg/24 h, elevated versus
      CSR in healthy subjects-16.63 mg/24 h. CSR is elevated also in 5 patients with
      bilateral adenocortical hyperplasia and with suprarenal cancer. The patients with
      diencephalic syndrome, progressing according to the type of Cushing disease have
      elevated absolute values of CSR, but recalculated per square meter of body
      surface and per gram creatineine excreted in 24 h-CSR proved to be normal-about
      12 mg/24 h.

PMID- 969481
TI  - [Morphological changes in the gastric and duodenal mucosa in duodenal ulcer in
      young persons].
AB  - Histological investigations were carried out upon the state of the gastric and
      duodena mucosa in 27 young patients with duodenal ulcer, seven out of them being
      in the state of exaverbation of the ulcer and 20-in remission. While the duodenal
      mucosa in the majority of the cases (88.9%) was established to be affected, in
      85.2 percent of the patients the gastric mucosa remained intact. The chronic
      duodenitis observe n 24 of the cases have no atrophic character. The changes in
      the mucous secretion of duodenal mucosa are in direct correlation with the state
      of exacerbation or remission of the ulcer process. Similar correlation was not
      established in gastric mucosa.

PMID- 969482
TI  - [Serum haptoglobin and sialic acid content and the spontaneous rosette test
      values as indices of the activity of the disease process in chronic
      glomerulonephritis].
AB  - The diagnostic significance of haptoglobin is studied as well as of sialic acid
      and spontaneous rosette test (SRT) and ESR as indices of the morbid process
      activity in 74 patients with chronic hephritis with manifested and
      oligospymptomatic course and in a stage of therapeutic remission and in 14
      patients with acute protracted nephritis. The parallelism of the changes in all
      parameters studied is proved in acute protracted nephritis and in chronic
      nephritis with manifested course. In patients with oligosymtomatically advancing
      chronic nephritis, in spite of the normal values of ESR and the rest of the
      routine indices for determination of the morbid process activity, haptoglobin,
      sialic acid and SRT were established to be increased. They were hardly normalized
      after the advancement of a lasting therpeutic remission. That all gives grounds
      to the authors to think, that the significance of the studied indices for the
      assessment of the morbid process activity in oligosymptomatically advancing
      chronic glomerulonephritis, is superior, to a certain extent, to the diagnostic
      signficance of ESR. Their follow up in dynamics permits their application in the
      determination of the immunosuppressive treatment efficiency.

PMID- 969483
TI  - [Determination of the tonus of the rectosigmoid flexure with a new design of
      rectosigmoid tonometer].
AB  - An apparatus is constructed for the determination of the rectosigmoid transition
      tonus-rectosigmoid tonometer. There pressure will be read in Torr. The
      investigation of the rectosigmoid tonus of 75 healthy subjects established that
      it ranges between 15-30 Torr. Pathologically changed RST was established in 37
      elevated in 12 patients and reduced in 21 and zero in 4-during the tonus
      determination of 100 patients with different forms of chronic colitis. The
      results from the rectosigmoid tonometry must be interpreted together with the
      rest of the indices (AT, size of rectal folds, etc).

PMID- 969484
TI  - [Serotonin and glycoregulation].

PMID- 969485
TI  - [Carcinoid of the stomach with metastases into the dura mater].

PMID- 969486
TI  - The prevention of blindness.

PMID- 969487
TI  - Medical computing in Bulgaria.

PMID- 969488
TI  - Health services in Europe. 1. Administration and preventive services.

PMID- 969489
TI  - Psychotropic drugs and mental illness.

PMID- 969491
TI  - Biomedical research.

PMID- 969490
TI  - Health aspects of human rights.

PMID- 969492
TI  - Health care facilities in developing countries.

PMID- 969493
TI  - The primary health care programme in Sudan.

PMID- 969494
TI  - Towards more effective biomedical research.

PMID- 969495
TI  - Spirometry in the evaluation of pulmonary function.
AB  - Spirometry should be more widely used in routine examinations. Equipment should
      meet the individual physician's or hospital's needs and include either a
      dependable water-sealed spirometer or an easily calibrated and accurate
      electronic spirometer. Justifiable concern over the reliability of electronic
      spirometers has resulted in requests to determine performance standards for these
      medical devices. Predicted normal standards must apply to the particular
      spirometer. Recommended tests are those of vital capacity (VC), forced vital
      capacity (FVC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)), the ratio of one
      second forced expiratory flow (FEF200-1200) and forced midexpiratory flow (FEF25
      75 percent). The maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) test may be useful for
      evaluation of work disability and detection of extrathoracic obstruction.
      Additional consideration may be given to measurements of total lung capacity
      (TLC) to discriminate between restrictive and obstructive impairment and the
      forced end-expiratory flow (FEF75-85 percent) to detect mild small airway
      obstruction. At this time, flow-volume curves measurement cannot be justified for
      routine clinical use.

PMID- 969497
TI  - Postmenopausal osteoporosis: toward resolution of the dilemma.

PMID- 969496
TI  - Infectious disease emergencies. Part II: patients presenting with cardiac
      decompensation or circulatory insufficiency (shock).

PMID- 969498
TI  - Editorial: Estrogens and osteoporosis.

PMID- 969499
TI  - Editorial: Colonic polyps and carcinoma.

PMID- 969500
TI  - Spontaneous pneumopericardium.

PMID- 969501
TI  - Histiocytic medullary reticulosis with central nervous system involvement.

PMID- 969502
TI  - Poyps and cancer of the large bowel.

PMID- 969503
TI  - Role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis.
AB  - Platelets interact with the coagulation factors in a complex way to arrest
      bleeding or generate thrombi. Recently, the platelet's relationship to
      endothelial alteration and atheroma production has received renewed attention. At
      present, tests of platelet function better define "hypocoagulable" rather than
      "hypercoagulable" states.

PMID- 969504
TI  - Heparin prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Thromboembolic prophylaxis remains a significant problem and is obviously
      incompletely understood. It would appear, however, that at present the
      information available implies several points. First, administration of low-dose
      heparin is efficacious in preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in
      most general surgical patients who are at risk for thromboembolic complications.
      Second, low-dose heparin probably works by augmenting the effect of the naturally
      occurring inhibitor to Factor Xa. Third, patients in whom surgical operations are
      done and extensive tissue dissection or postoperative immobilization (such as hip
      arthroplasties) is required are probably not protected by low-dose heparin
      administration; full anticoagulation with warfarin or treatment with one of the
      platelet antiaggregating agents should be carried out. Fourth, any form of
      anticoagulation carries some risk of bleeding complications, but it appears that
      the incidence of major bleeding complications is not significantly greater in the
      treatment groups.

PMID- 969505
TI  - Detection and management of deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - The accuracy of diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis is significantly improved by
      combining clinical evaluation with other adjunctive methods, especially
      fibrinogen uptake tests, technetium scans, Doppler techniques and phlebography.
      Using these studies, early treatment with intravenous administration of heparin
      can be begun and in selected cases with long-term risks, warfarin is often
      useful. These same drugs, in different dosage schedules, may also be helpful as
      prophylaxis. With these methods of treatment, thrombectomy and caval interruption
      are required less often. If interruption of inferior vena cava flow becomes
      necessary, several new methods utilizing intracaval filters are proving to be
      very useful.

PMID- 969506
TI  - Rickets.

PMID- 969507
TI  - Venous thrombosis.

PMID- 969508
TI  - Rickets.

PMID- 969509
TI  - Infection in total knee joint replacement, secondary to tooth abscess.

PMID- 969510
TI  - Severe Coombs negative hemolytic anemia in hepatitis B.

PMID- 969511
TI  - Cold injury in a trauma patient.

PMID- 969512
TI  - Arbitration agreements and your malpractice coverage.
AB  - With new legislation and favorable case law developments, many providers of
      health care services are turning to binding arbitration agreements as a partial
      solution to the medical malpractice crisis. Existing data indicate tremendous
      advantages can be gained from the use of such agreements, if they are carefully
      drawn to comply with new law, tailored to the particular situation in which they
      will be used and coupled with appropriate procedures to secure the intended
      benefits. Arbitration is not a substitute for insurance, but if a provider has
      taken the calculated risk of forgoing insurance he should not be without a
      carefully drawn binding arbitration agreement.

PMID- 969513
TI  - [Effect of quinidine on the results and complications arising from electrical
      cardioversion].

PMID- 969514
TI  - [Results of vagotomy with pyroloplasty in the treatment of chronic peptic ulcer].

PMID- 969515
TI  - [Analysis of causes of death in patients over the age of 60 operated on for acute
      peritonitis].

PMID- 969516
TI  - [Liver function tests].

PMID- 969517
TI  - [Case of late successful resuscitation of a drowned child].

PMID- 969519
TI  - [Otogenic brain abscess].

PMID- 969518
TI  - [2 cases of purulent meningitis in typhoid fever].

PMID- 969520
TI  - [Late recurrence of ovarian carcinoma treated with endoxan].

PMID- 969521
TI  - [Case of simultaneous extrauterine and intrauterine pregnancy resulting in the
      birth of a full-term newborn infant].

PMID- 969522
TI  - [Polyneuropathy during syphilis].

PMID- 969523
TI  - [Familial anomaly of granulocyte nuclei of the Pelger-Huet type].

PMID- 969524
TI  - [Acute coronary surgery].
AB  - While the indications for surgical treatment of chronic angina pectoris are
      exactly defined, the delineation between conservative and surgical therapy of
      acute complications of coronary diseases is not standardized. The application of
      possible surgical procedures to acute coronary surgery (aorto-coronary bypass,
      infarctectomy, correction of post-infarction ventricular septal defects and
      mitral insufficiency) are discussed in relation to the following clinical
      pictures: 1. Unstable angina 2. Surgery after myocardial infarction a) recent
      infarction b) cardiogenic shock after infarction c) impending reinfarction d)
      post-infarction tachyarrhythmia unresponsive to conservative and electrical
      therapy e) acute heart failure caused by post-infarction defect of the
      ventricular septum or by mitral insufficiency. The following therapeutic guide
      lines can be laid down on the basis of an analysis of experience gained in this
      field by other workers and ourselves: surgical therapy is indicated in the cases
      of unstable angina, impending reinfarction, or acute heart failure caused by a
      post-infarction ventricular septal defect or by mitral insufficiency which do not
      respond rapidly to conservatives measures. By contrast, the superiority of
      surgical intervention, even with the assistance of intraaortic balloon pumping,
      has not yet been established for the treatment of the remainder of the above
      mentioned clinical pictures and requires evaluation by further investigations.

PMID- 969525
TI  - [Surgical complications in pacemaker operations and their management].
AB  - A review is presented of the range of surgical complications encountered in 120
      out of 749 patients (16%) receiving a pacemaker implantation over the period
      October 1974 to September 1975. These complications can be subdivided into those
      involving interruption or disturbance of the conduction of the pacemaker impulse
      and those associated with impaired wound-healing. The aetiology, the diagnosis
      and the surgical management are discussed.

PMID- 969526
TI  - [Early operation in toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis].
AB  - A case report of toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis serves as basis
      for a discussion of the diagnosis, therapeutic management and assessment of the
      indications for surgical interference in this condition. In this particular case,
      colectomy with retention of the rectal stump proved a life-saving measure. The
      rectal stump had to be removed three months subsequently in view of the
      persistence of the mucosal pathology.

PMID- 969527
TI  - [Continuous telemetric recording of intracranial pressure].
AB  - A report is given on the development of a telemetric system for continuous
      recording of intracranial pressure, using an external energy source. The pressure
      transducer, called Teleceptor, is placed in the subdural space through a burr
      hole. The resonance frequencies of the transmitter and receiver circuits in the
      implanted transducer are influenced by a pressure-sensitive membrane in such a
      way that pressure variations result in resonance point displacement and energy
      transfer reduction. The necessary tuning of the transmitter frequency to maximum
      energy transfer is in direct proportion to the magnitude of pressure
      modification.

PMID- 969528
TI  - [Radiological assessment of diaphragmatic function in operated cases of
      congenital defects of the diaphragm].
AB  - An investigation was undertaken in a series of 10 children operated upon for
      congenital diaphragmatic defects in regard to the value of simple thoracic X-ray
      pictures for functional assessment of the repaired diaphragm. The radiographs
      were taken in forced inspiration as well as in forced expiration and indices were
      calculated for the mobility of the diaphragm and the costophrenic angle.
      Moreover, an attempt was made to estimate diaphragmatic contraction by comparing
      the length of the hemidiaphragm during inspiration and during expiration. The
      obtained results gave sufficient information for routine investigations of
      diaphragmatic function and compared well with those of radiocinescopy. An
      impairment of the mobility of the diaphragm and the costophrenic angle was
      statistically demonstrated in our follow-up series as compared with a control
      group of healthy children.

PMID- 969529
TI  - [Neurological urology -- a new specialty].
AB  - Neuro-urological methods for investigating neurogenic bladder dysfunctions are
      discussed. A knowledge of central and autonomous pathways of bladder innervation
      is the basis for an understanding of the pharmacodynamics of the bladder.
      Successful treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction is impossible without
      urodynamic assessment. Conservative, as well as operative measures of therapy are
      mentioned. Urinary diversion (ileal conduit) is nowadays no longer undertaken
      merely as a last resort to prevent chronic upper urinary tract infection, stone
      formation, contracted kidney and uremia, but is a positive, practicable
      alternative for the disabled patient. Especially for the younger patient, in whom
      the social aspects of this situation are of great importance, ileal conduit
      provides the possibility of a socially-adjusted existence.

PMID- 969530
TI  - [Problems of incidents in BCG vaccination].

PMID- 969531
TI  - [Diaphragmatic hernia following pneumonectomy].

PMID- 969532
TI  - [Bone and joint scanning using 99m Tc-labeled phosphates. Clinical experiences
      and indication].

PMID- 969533
TI  - [Surgical treatment of extreme obesity].

PMID- 969534
TI  - [Systematic recording and computer processing of diabetic data in a metabolism
      outpatient department].

PMID- 969535
TI  - [Spindle-cell sarcoma on the base of a fascia callus].

PMID- 969536
TI  - [Hypo- and hypersiderosis under low-carbohydrate diet].

PMID- 969537
TI  - [Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 969538
TI  - [Plate-thermography for the diagnosis of insufficient venae perforantes in
      varicose vein surgery. Preliminary report].

PMID- 969539
TI  - [Cholecystosonography in failure of filling gallbladder].

PMID- 969540
TI  - [Goiter in an endemic area. With special reference to struma maligna (a
      morphological study)].

PMID- 969541
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism in the endemic goiter-region of salzburg].

PMID- 969542
TI  - Ovarian abscess secondary to Actinomyces israelii.

PMID- 969543
TI  - End-to-end jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity.

PMID- 969544
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis...the right to request or reject.

PMID- 969545
TI  - National clinical Oncology Group to have headquarters in Madison.

PMID- 969546
TI  - Multicentricity of Warthin's tumors.

PMID- 969547
TI  - Sporadic trichinosis.

PMID- 969548
TI  - Fisher's syndrome (a variant of acute polyradiculoneuritis): report of three
      cases.

PMID- 969549
TI  - Indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

PMID- 969550
TI  - Spontaneous biliary-enteric fistulas--clinical experience.

PMID- 969551
TI  - What is an eye emergency?

PMID- 969552
TI  - The patient with sudden visual loss (nontraumatic)--concepts.

PMID- 969553
TI  - Approach to neuro-ophthalmologic emergencies.

PMID- 969554
TI  - Management of the red eye.

PMID- 969555
TI  - Practical concepts in management of ocular trauma.

PMID- 969556
TI  - Irradiation-related thyroid cancer.

PMID- 969557
TI  - Treatment of prostatic carcinoma with estramustine phosphate (Estracyt).

PMID- 969558
TI  - The use of exogenous maternal glucocorticoids to prevent neonatal respiratory
      distress syndrome (RDS)--the state of the facts.

PMID- 969559
TI  - [Special subject. Suicide, 1950 to 1971].

PMID- 969560
TI  - Metabolism of linoleamides. I. Absorption, excretion and metabolism of N-(alpha
      methylbenzyl)linoleamide in rat and man.
AB  - 1. In urine of rats dosed with N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)linoleamide (MBLA), three
      dicarboxylic acid monoamides, N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)succinic acid monoamide, N
      (alpha-methylbenzyl)glutaric acid monoamide and N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)adipic acid
      monoamide, were identified. Conjugated alpha-methylbenzylamine, hippuric acid and
      conjugates of the dicarboxylic acid monoamides were also found in the urine. N
      (alpha-Methylbenzyl)succinic acid monoamide was the main metabolite in rats. 2.
      Biliary excretion of radioactivity was studied in rats, cannulated for collection
      of bile and duodenal infusion, after oral administration of N-(alpha
      methylbenzyl)[1-14C]linoleamide. With constant duodenal infusion of bile, about
      7% of the dose was excreted in the bile, while excretion of radioactivity was
      negligible without bile infusion. 3. The g.l.c. analysis of human urine after
      oral administration of MBLA revealed that two dicarboxylic acid monoamides were
      present and N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)succinic acid monoamide was the main
      metabolite. 4. MBLA was excreted unchanged in the faeces of men who received MBLA
      to the extent of about 53% dose in 3 days. 5. MBLA was not detected (less than 1
      mug/ml) in the serum of a volunteer who had been taking an oral daily dose of
      1500 mg of MBLA for 3 months.

PMID- 969561
TI  - Metabolism of linoleamides. II. Absorption, distribution, excretion and
      metabolism of N-[alpha-phenyl-beta-(p-tolyl)ethyl]linoleamide.
AB  - 1. Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of (-)N-[alpha-phenyl-beta
      (p-tolyl)ethyl][14C]linoleamide (14C-PTLA) were studied in rats and dogs. Faecal
      excretion of PTLA was studied in dogs and men by g.l.c. 2. 14C-PTLA (10 mg/kg)
      given orally to rats resulted in urinary and faecal excretion of radioactivity of
      2 and 93%, respectively, by male rats and 8 and 87% by female rats in 48 h.
      Faecal excretion of PTLA in men was similar to that in rats. 3. Distribution of
      radioactivity in rats and dogs after oral administration of 14C-PTLA showed that
      a major part of the dose was not absorbed. 4. N-[alpha-phenyl-beta-(p
      tolyl)ethyl]glutaric acid monoamide were detected in the urine of rats dosed
      orally with 14C-PTLA.

PMID- 969562
TI  - Urinary metabolites of p-hydroxyamphetamine in man, rat and guinea-pig.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of (+/-)-p-hydroxy[14C]amphetamine has been studied in the rat,
      guinea-pig and man. 2. Most of the administered 14C was excreted in the urine
      within the first 24 h (64-92%), and was present mainly as free and conjugated p
      hydroxy[14C]-amphetamine. In the female rat and female guinea-pig the conjugate
      was a glucuronide, but in man, who received a much smaller dose, the conjugate
      was a sulphate ester. A sex difference in conjugation was found in the rat, the
      female partly conjugating the drug but not the male. 3. Small quantities (1-6% of
      dose) of p-hydroxynorephedrine, a putative false neurotransmitter, were found in
      the urine of the three species. 4. Some oxidative degradation of the side chain
      of p-hydroxyamphetamine occurred in rat and guinea-pig since small amounts of p
      hydroxybenzoic acid (1-3%) were detected in the urine.

PMID- 969563
TI  - Peculiar pharmacokinetics of brallobarbital as a source of complications in
      Vesparax intoxication.
AB  - 1. The rate of elimination of brallobarbital, a component of Vesparax depends on
      the route of administration. The half-life following oral administration is
      considerably longer than after intravenous injection. This corresponds with
      longer sleeping times. 2. The half-life of brallobarbital administered
      intravenously could be increased by administration of its metabolites. This
      suggests that a metabolite, formed especially after oral administration, is
      responsible for the retarded elimination of brallobarbital. 3. The presence of
      the other components of Vesparax, namely secobarbital and hydroxyzine also
      increases the half-life of brallobarbital. 4. Brallobarbital, rather than the
      other components of Vesparax is primarily responsible for the problems in
      Vesparax intoxication.

PMID- 969564
TI  - The binding of trichlorofluoromethane and other haloalkanes to cytochrome P-450
      under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
AB  - 1. Trichlorofluoromethane and other haloalkanes interact with hepatic microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 to give type I spectra under aerobic conditions. 2.
      Anaerobically, CCl3F, CCl2F. CClF2 and CCl4 interact to give peaks at approx. 420
      nm and 455 nm; the other haloalkanes gave peaks at approx. 420 nm only. The
      formation of the 452 nm peak for CCl3F was time-dependent, and dependent on
      substrate concentration. 3. Iso-octane extraction of the microsomal preparation
      increased the magnitude of spectral interaction under reducing conditions but not
      its rate of formation. Phenobarbitone pretreatment increased the magnitude of the
      spectral interaction; 3-methylcholanthrene pre-treatment had no effect on the
      magnitude of the 452 nm peak but decreased its rate of formation. 4. It is
      suggested that the 452 nm peak represents the interaction of a reactive species
      formed from CCl3F with the Fe2+ of the haem of reduced cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 969565
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of d-limonene (p-mentha-1,8-diene). IV. Isolation and
      characterization of new metabolites and species differences in metabolism.
AB  - 1. The main route of elimination of d-limonene administered orally was via the
      urine in animals and man, 75-95% of the administered radioactivity being excreted
      in the urine during 2-3 days. Faecal excretion accounted for less than 10% of the
      dose in animals during 2-3 days. 2. In addition to six metabolites, namely p
      mentha-1,8-dien-10-ol (M-I), p-menth-1-ene-8,9-diol (M-II), perillic acid (M
      III), perillic acid-8,9-diol (M-IV), p-mentha-1,8-dien-10-yl-beta-D
      glucopyranosiduronic acid (M-V) and 8-hydroxy-p-meth-1-en-9-yl-beta-D
      glucopyranosiduronic acid (M-VI) isolated from rabbit urine previously (Kodama et
      al., 1974), five new metabolites have been isolated from dog and rat urine, and
      which were characterized as 2-hydroxy-p-menth-8-en-7-oic acid (M-VII),
      perillylglycine (M-VIII), perillyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (M-IX), p
      mentha-1,8-dien-6-ol (M-X) and probably p-menth-1-ene-6,8,9-triol (M-XI). 3. The
      major metabolite of d-limonene in the urine was M-IV in rat and rabbit, M-IX in
      hamster, M-II in dog and M-VI in guinea pig and man.

PMID- 969566
TI  - Characterization of a red pigment-antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. strain
      NRC-C7.
AB  - The streptomycete strain NRC-C 7 isolated from some Egyptian soil samples,
      produces a red-coloured pH indicator antibiotic active against gram positive
      bacteria. The producing organism belongs to the grey series of the genus
      Streptomyces and has grey coloured aerial mycelium with violet pigmented
      substrate mycelium, the violet pigment does not diffuse into the agar medium.
      Glucose sodium nitrate medium proved the most suitable medium for the production
      of this antibiotic. The pigment was extracted from the broth and purified. The
      solubility, Rf values, minimal inhibiting concentrations, optical rotation, UV,
      and IR spectra were studied. Melting point 180, elemental analysis: carbon
      51.71%, hydrogen 6.25%, and oxygen 42.04%.

PMID- 969567
TI  - [Protein crystals and tubuli bundles in yeast cells. V. Enrichment of crystal and
      tubuli proteins during O2 limitation and anaerobiosis].
AB  - Cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis contain proteins assembling to crystals and
      bundles of tubules (tb) in the cyto- and karyoplasm by osmotic shock with
      hypertonic solutions. The cellular concentration of these proteins is regulated
      by oxygen pressure during growth. In cells grown at optimal aeration the protein
      level is low and crystals and tb cannot be induced. After a short period of O2
      limitation or anerobic growth conditions the protein concentration increases and
      induction of crystals and tb is possible.

PMID- 969568
TI  - Effects of 3'-fluorothymidine, nalidixic acid, and mitomycin C on temperature
      sensitive mutants of the DNA polymerase of phage T4.
AB  - The temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase mutator mutants A58 and  L98 are less
      inhibited by 3'-Fluorothymidine than the T4 wild type and the antimutator mutant
      CB121, in consequence of the assumed differences between the polymerase
      associated exonuclease activities. This interpretation is confirmed by results
      with nalidixic acid and mitomycin C. The use of systems of different temperature
      sensitive mutants of one or more genes is proposed for 1.) investigating the mode
      of action of drugs, 2.) studies on the mechanism of enzyme action and the
      functions affected in temperature-sensitive enzymes, and 3.) for enzyme-specific
      drug screening.

PMID- 969569
TI  - Inhibition of acetate and propionate formation upon aeration of resting cells of
      the anaerobic Propionibacterium shermanii: evidence of the Pasteur reaction.
AB  - When resting cell suspensions of the anaerobic P. shermanii were brought to an
      oxygen concentration of 0.64 mumoles/ml, acid formation was completely inhibited.
      The cells started to respire on the propionic acid previously accumulated furing
      anaerobiosis. Glucose consumption was concomitantly decreased to about 60 percent
      of the rate during anaerobiosis. As the viability of the cells was not affected
      by the transition to aerobic conditions, the changes observed upon aeration were
      ascribed to the regulatory properties of the Pasteur reaction. Damage inflicted
      by oxygen was encountered in the rapid inactivation of propionate respiration.
      This damage outlived the time of oxygenation, and was manifested during the
      subsequent anaerobiosis in the decreased activity to form propionate. This
      indicates that oxygen may inactivate one (or more) enzyme(s) involved in the
      metabolism of propionate. The viability of cells in buffer, and glucose
      containing buffer, was found to be only insignificantly decreased by oxygen in
      the range from 0 to 500 mumoles of oxygen per g of wet cells.

PMID- 969570
TI  - Experimental errors associated with the heterotrophic activity technique.

PMID- 969571
TI  - [Demonstration of a CO-binding hemoprotein in Canadida guilliermondii, strain H
      17, following growth on n-alkanes].

PMID- 969572
TI  - Keratin decomposition by dermatophytes. II. Presence of s-sulfocysteine and
      cysteic acid in soluble decomposition products.
AB  - The dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum was grown on human hair in a mineral medium.
      Filtrates of cultures of various age were chromatographed on Sephadex gels and
      further characterized by chemical analysis and thin-layer chromatography. The
      products of keratin decomposition were separated into two fractions. The first
      fraction formed 10 to 20% of the bulk and contained proteins low in sulfur
      content. The second, very wide fraction contained oligopeptides and polypeptides
      with molecular weights from several hundreds up to approximately 13,000 with a
      peak at 1,000-2,000 daltons. This fraction contained a relatively high amount of
      cystine, S-sulfocysteine, and cysteic acid. S-sulfocysteine was present in the
      free state and also combined in peptides where its amount exceeded that of
      cystine. This supports the author's hypothesis on keratin decomposition by
      dermatophytes. According to this hypothesis, the fungus excretes sulfite which
      cleaves the disulfide bonds of keratin to cysteine and S-sulfocysteine. The
      substrate, denatured by sulfitolysis, is then more easily digestible by fungal
      proteases. Besides S-sulfocysteine, comparable amounts of cysteic acid were found
      in all analyses. This compound most probably originated by air oxidation of
      sulfur amino acids in the alkaline cultivation fluid.

PMID- 969573
TI  - [Protein crystals and tubuli bundles in yeasts cells. III. Identification of
      crystals as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)].
AB  - Inducibility of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) crystals in yeast cells depends on
      the growth phase. They accumulate during exponential growth, a process that is
      parallelled by accumulation of a special protein (H protein). The following
      pieces of evidence show that crystals, H protein, and ADH are identical: (1) The
      three proteins have the same amino acid composition and subunit molecular weight;
      (2) active H protein and ADH exhibit the same electrophoretic mobility,
      indicating a common molecular weight of about 158 000 D; (3) the native H protein
      and a crystal fraction stabilized by Zn++ and dialyzed against EDTA possess ADH
      activity.

PMID- 969574
TI  - [Changes in the polysaccharide biosynthesis of Candida guilliermondii induced by
      diphenylamine].
AB  - Diphenylamine (DPA) inhibits the formation of glucan in Candida guilliermondii
      while stimulating that of mannan. The total polysaccharide of cells decreases
      when growing in the presence of DPA. These effects are dependent on the
      concentration of DPA. Compared with 14 structure-like substances, DPA was found
      to have the strongest activity.

PMID- 969575
TI  - [Microscopic studies of Streptomyces hygroscopicus growth kinetics].
AB  - Growth kinetics, branch formation, and cytological properties of mycelial growth
      of Streptomyces hygroscopicus on solid media were investigated by phase-contrast
      microscopy using a microculture method. Measurements were made on taken
      photographs of the growing hyphae from the beginning of spore germination up to
      maximal 18 hours. The specific growth rate of the germ tube was much higher than
      the specific growth rate of the mycelium. The doubling time of the total length
      of the mycelial hyphae and the doubling time of branch formation was quite the
      same for the period investigated. After a short time of outgrowth each individual
      hypha grows at a constant rate, i.e. the length increases linearly, but the
      growth kinetics of the whole mycelium becomes exponentially by branching. It
      seems, that nucleoids only divide in that part of a hypha between the tip and the
      nearest branch. A cell unit (1.4-1.9 mum on different media) could be calculated
      by the length of a hypha and the number of nucleoids. A hypha is growing with the
      cell unit at the tip or with the polar cap only. No interkalary growth in length
      could be found. Branches were formed only up to about 100 mum from the tip on
      complex medium and up to about 50 mum from the tip on mineral salt medium. A
      simple method of mycelial growth has been developed. Some properties showing the
      connection between Streptomycetes and prokaryotic organisms on one hand and
      hyphal growing fungi on the other hand are discussed.

PMID- 969576
TI  - [Importance of iron for the nutrition of pasteurellas and salmonellas].

PMID- 969577
TI  - Influence of substrate moisture on the occurrence of fungi in birds' nests.

PMID- 969578
TI  - [Effect of calcium and magnesium ions on growth and cell division of Erwinia
      carotovora].

PMID- 969579
TI  - Antibiotic NRC-501, a new antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces spec.

PMID- 969580
TI  - Cellulolytic activity of aerobic soil actinomycetes.
AB  - The cellulolytic activity of several aerobic soil actinomycetes against insoluble
      cellulose and soluble cellulose derivatives (CMC-carboxymethylcellulose) was
      studied. From the soil, 8 actinomycete strains were isolated after enrichment
      growth and purification on the same synthetic medium. The actinomycete strains
      were able to degrade insoluble cellulose, with the production of cellobiose and
      various oligosaccharide intermediates as degradation products, indicating the
      random attack of the cellulose chain. The actinomycete strains showed also a
      great activity against soluble cellulose (CMC). The viscosity of CMC solutions
      decreased rapidly and was followed by an increase in reducing compounds. The
      degree of substitution of CMC solutions had an effect on the degradation by the
      actinomycetes. The degree of polymerization did not affect the rate of
      hydrolysis, however.

PMID- 969581
TI  - [Changes in the size of spindle plaques in Saccharomyces fragilis].

PMID- 969582
TI  - [Kinetic studies for the formation of the combined forms of riboflavin from
      hydrocarbons by Acinetobacter spec].

PMID- 969583
TI  - [Dispensary for patients with attacts].

PMID- 969584
TI  - [Use of alcohol in stomach resection].

PMID- 969585
TI  - [Transformation-resection for direct gastroduodenostomy in intolerance of
      Billroth II].

PMID- 969586
TI  - [Perforation of the gallbladder with rupture of A. cystica (report of a case)].

PMID- 969587
TI  - [Comparative studies on the incidence and course of primary schizophrenia].

PMID- 969588
TI  - [Candia-meningitis following abuse].

PMID- 969589
TI  - [Neurogenic tumors of the stomach].

PMID- 969590
TI  - [Significance of hip-involvement in the early diagnosis and treatment of children
      with cerebrally-induced movement disorders].

PMID- 969591
TI  - [Changes in the duration of the fertility phase].

PMID- 969592
TI  - [Results of after examination in Australia-antigen-positive hepatitis-contact
      subjects].

PMID- 969593
TI  - [Morbidity among apprentices with special reference to respiratory tract
      diseases, in relation to incidence, diagnosis and duration of disease during 9
      years].

PMID- 969594
TI  - [Pathogenesis of craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 969595
TI  - [Physiopathology of brain edema].

PMID- 969596
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid examination with special reference to cerebrospinal fluid
      enzymes in craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 969597
TI  - [Relationship between the slowing down of cerebral blood circulation and chances
      for survival in closed craniocerbral injuries].

PMID- 969598
TI  - [Some basic thoughts on the problem of craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 969599
TI  - [Value of clinical and angiographic findings in 100 patients with fresh
      craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 969600
TI  - [Angiography of the carotid arteries in craniocerebral injuries performed in a
      regional hospital].

PMID- 969601
TI  - [Neuroradiological emergency diagnosis of acute craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 969602
TI  - [Simple model for the evaluation of a patient having sustained a craniocerebral
      injury].

PMID- 969603
TI  - [Value of ultrasonic diagnosis and angiography in acute craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 969604
TI  - [Electroencephalography during the acute phase of craniocerebral injuries and its
      prognostic value].

PMID- 969605
TI  - [Clinical surveillance of patients with craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 969606
TI  - [Cerebral circulation time in acute severe craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 969607
TI  - [Patients with craniocerebral injuries in emergency health care].

PMID- 969608
TI  - [Intracranial hematoma].

PMID- 969609
TI  - [Peculiar course of epidural hematoma].

PMID- 969610
TI  - [Fronto-basal (rhino-basal) craniocerebral injury].

PMID- 969611
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of parietal bone impression fractures].

PMID- 969612
TI  - [Postoperative recording of intracranial pressure with an implanted probe in
      brain injuries].

PMID- 969613
TI  - [Electromyographic and electroneurographic diagnosis in peripheral nerve
      injuries].

PMID- 969614
TI  - [Nerve sutures in the hand].

PMID- 969615
TI  - [Myelography in traumatic damage of the brachial plexus].

PMID- 969616
TI  - [Lesion of the ramus profundus of the radial nerve].

PMID- 969617
TI  - [Neurologic evaluation standards in peripheral nerve lesions and their use in the
      estimation of results of peripheral nerve sutures].

PMID- 969618
TI  - [Clinical aspects of gout].

PMID- 969619
TI  - [Complex movement therapy in psychiatry].

PMID- 969620
TI  - [Value of a 10-year study of ophthalmology dispensaries].

PMID- 969621
TI  - [Indications and contraindications for roentgen irradiation of inflammatory and
      degenerative processes. Radiophobia in irradiation of inflammatory and
      degenerative processes].

PMID- 969622
TI  - [Can triiodothyronine still be recommended for the treatment of pubertal a
      struma?].

PMID- 969623
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations in the management of the diabetic child by the
      family doctor].

PMID- 969624
TI  - [Liver and biliary tract diseases in childhood].

PMID- 969625
TI  - [Legal position of the administrators of continuing education according to the
      Medical Specialists and Dental Specialists Act].

PMID- 969626
TI  - [Recommendations for the evaluation of electrocardiograms in childhood].

PMID- 969627
TI  - [Coulomb pro kg instead of roentgen: Nomograms for the conversion into new
      radiological units].

PMID- 969628
TI  - [Effect of the quality of illuminating gas on the determination of serum
      electrolytes by the flame photometry method].

PMID- 969629
TI  - [Prevailing experiences at the Berlin-Lichtenberg Therapeutic Gynecologic Center
      for Children].

PMID- 969630
TI  - [Electronic data processing documentation of our gastroscopy results].

PMID- 969631
TI  - [Metabolic changes following burns].

PMID- 969632
TI  - [Infectious mononucleosis. 3. Report on 254 patients].

PMID- 969633
TI  - [Liver diseases in diabetic patients in childhood and adolescence].

PMID- 969634
TI  - [Comprehensive diagnosis "chronic prostatitis"].

PMID- 969635
TI  - [Incidence and clinical significance of fascicular block forms].

PMID- 969636
TI  - [Value of ultrasonic-impulse procedure (A-picture) in the differential diagnosis
      of expansive processes].

PMID- 969637
TI  - [Are we to take postural lesions in childhood really seriously?].

PMID- 969638
TI  - [Life-endangering infantile duodenal ulcer hemorrhage in mediastinal abscess
      following covered hypopharyngeal perforation].

PMID- 969639
TI  - [Mutual relationship between the wound and whole-body organism].

PMID- 969640
TI  - [Recommendations for the evaluation and assessment of electrocardiograms in
      childhood--concisely programmed course. 8. Partial program III A: Assessment and
      typization of artefacts].

PMID- 969641
TI  - [Gynecological care for children--integrated part of health care for mother and
      child].

PMID- 969642
TI  - [Prognosis of colonic carcinoma--results of surgical treatment of 424 colonic
      carcinomas].

PMID- 969643
TI  - [Coronary thrombosis in the viewpoint of experimental research].

PMID- 969644
TI  - [Texocrine pancreatic diagnosis. 2. Continuing course controls of alpha-amylase
      reactivity and alpha-amylase excretion in urine, comparative studies of lipase-
      and alpha-amylase activity in serum and urine as well as diagnostic consequences
      and data of a rapid lipase method].

PMID- 969645
TI  - [Problems in the diagnosis of urinary bladder ruptures].

PMID- 969646
TI  - [Socioeconomic aspects of hand surgery].

PMID- 969647
TI  - [Gastroduodenal ulcer. II. Surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer].

PMID- 969648
TI  - [Psycho-pedagogic aspects of anorgasmy].

PMID- 969649
TI  - [The O-category in laboratory diagnosis and possibilities of its use in
      ambulatory care].

PMID- 969650
TI  - [Significance, causes and prevention of drug-residues].

PMID- 969651
TI  - [Data-computed documentation of fractures of the ankle joint].

PMID- 969652
TI  - [Expert-testimony problems in the assessment of complications of medical
      interventions].

PMID- 969653
TI  - [Fatal erroneous diagnostic interpretation of the significance of mesenchymal
      soft-part tumors].

PMID- 969654
TI  - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of appendicitis and gynecological
      adnexitis].

PMID- 969655
TI  - [Congenital occlusions of the digestive tract].

PMID- 969656
TI  - [Studies on the air microbiology in operating rooms].

PMID- 969657
TI  - [Autogenic training in general medical practice].

PMID- 969658
TI  - [Physical therapy of degenerative spinal syndromes].

PMID- 969659
TI  - [Tetanic cataract during hypoparathyroidism in childhood].

PMID- 969660
TI  - [Results of bronchial reactivity tests in miners].

PMID- 969661
TI  - [Proposal for the introduction of obligatory reporting of pyelonephritis cases in
      children].

PMID- 969662
TI  - [Structure of the hospitals and furnishings of intensive care units from the
      economic view point].

PMID- 969663
TI  - [Risk factor obesity].

PMID- 969664
TI  - [Simple therapeutic emergency technic in priapism].

PMID- 969665
TI  - [Benign renal parenchymae tumors with special reference to angiomyolipoma].

PMID- 969666
TI  - [Preoperative diagnosis and preoperative care in routine surgery].

PMID- 969667
TI  - [The Shwartzman-Sanarelli phenomenon in surgical practice].

PMID- 969668
TI  - [Development of the Berlin rehabilitation centers with special reference to
      selected medical and economic aspects].

PMID- 969670
TI  - [Assessment of assistant professors -- contribution to the improvement of
      effectiveness of the continuing education of university cadres in public health].

PMID- 969669
TI  - [Recommendations for the evaluation and assessment of electrocardiograms in
      childhood. Shortened programmed instruction. 1. Introduction and part of the
      program I :form of rhythm, heart rate and type of locality].

PMID- 969671
TI  - [New findings on the participation of cross-reactive antibodies in the
      pathogenesis of rheumatic fever].

PMID- 969672
TI  - [Health, efficiency- and working capacity-- introduction].

PMID- 969673
TI  - [The concept of physical capacity].

PMID- 969674
TI  - [The working environment and health].

PMID- 969675
TI  - [Health education for the promotion of health in workers].

PMID- 969676
TI  - [Cooperation between public health, leading state and economic departments and
      social organizations for the improvement of efficacy and working ability. Aspects
      of cooperation of the efficacy sectors of public health--demonstrated on the
      cooperation between ambulatory and stationary fields].

PMID- 969677
TI  - [Aspects of cooperation between the efficiency sectors of public health,
      demonstrated on the cooperation between clinical centers and paraclinical fields
      in laboratory diagnosis].

PMID- 969678
TI  - [Working disability and morbidity from the expert's view point].

PMID- 969679
TI  - [Work disability and morbidity from the industrial physician's view point].

PMID- 969680
TI  - [Work disability and morbidity from the view point of the ambulatory-care
      physician].

PMID- 969681
TI  - [Work disability and morbidity from the view point of the FDGB. Free German labor
      Union].

PMID- 969682
TI  - [Methods for the determination of morbidity].

PMID- 969683
TI  - [Complex territoral simplification and possibilities in the complex improvement
      of medical and social care through directed responsibility of local councils].

PMID- 969684
TI  - [Responsibility of the district physician for the cooperation of public health
      with other social fields].

PMID- 969685
TI  - [Mediastinoscopy--indications, efficiency, and morphologic findings in more than
      2250 investigations (author's transl)].
AB  - 2276 diagnostic mediastinoscopies were performed and their efficiency was
      analysed. Except from patients with bronchial carcinomas, in 80% of all cases
      pathologic findings with diagnostic significance could be found in the lymph
      nodes. CARLENS mediastinoscopy proved to be less efficient in the prognostic
      evaluation of bronchial carcinomas. In 521 patients with bronchial carcinomas
      only 146 (28%) showed mediastinal lymph-node metastasis detected by
      mediastinoscopy. But in the remaining 375 cases the operation revealed in 51.5%
      the occurence of perihilar metastatic lymph-nodes. The most important
      morphological findings in lymph-nodes and their differentialdiagnostical problems
      are discussed with reference to sarcoidosis, sarcoid-like reaction, tuberculosis,
      and silicosis.

PMID- 969686
TI  - [The effects of preoperative treatment and physical training to operability in
      patients with bronchial carcinomas (author's transl)].
AB  - Training effects of preoperative treatment, especially of breathing exercises in
      52 patients with bronchial carcinoma were controlled by bodyplethysmography,
      measurements of the thoracic and abdominal circumferences in inspiration and
      expiration before and after the training program. In patients with obstructive
      ventilation disorders the expiratory resistance came to be reduced significantly.
      The mobility of the thoracic wall and of diaphragm increased in all patient
      groups, but not in patients with restrictive ventilation disorders. After
      introducing the complex program the complication rate seems to drop to half of
      the previous rate.

PMID- 969687
TI  - [Interrelations between otorhinolaryngologic and chronic nonspecific respiratory
      diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - 1000 patients, suffering from chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases, were
      investigated for otorhinolaryngologic diseases. The frequency of pathologic
      findings such as nose deformities, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis,
      respiratory hypersensitivity and their treatment results are evaluated aiming to
      find out common causative factors in the pathogenesis of these upper and lower
      airway diseases. A careful diagnosis and subsequent treatment of
      otorhinolaryngologic diseases is required to improve the therapeutic results of
      the basic respiratory disease.

PMID- 969688
TI  - [Prognostic evaluation of the absolute lymphopenia during prednisolone therapy of
      chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis (author's transl)].
AB  - From a controlled prednisolone therapy trial 130 patients with chronic pulmonary
      sarcoidosis who had already finished their drug-therapy were evaluated. The
      relapse rate was 28.5% within the following two years. It is obvious, that the
      long-time prognosis of cases with very low absolute numbers of lymphocytes in the
      peripheral blood (1000 and less/mul) is significantly poorer than in all other
      cases.

PMID- 969689
TI  - [Parental influence to the smoking habits of juveniles (author's transl)].
AB  - A questionnaire was administered to 640 juveniles to get informed about their and
      their parents smoking behavior. 424 questionnaires could be evaluated, the
      results and conclusions are reported. Parental smoking habits, especially of
      their father's are very important influencing factors for the smoking behavior of
      their children. In their efforts to reduce or to stop smoling the juveniles are
      looking and seeking for qualified informations as well as support by friends.
      Physicians, parents, teachers and educators play an important role as key-persons
      in this respect.

PMID- 969690
TI  - [Rehabilitation of asthmatic patients in the chest hospital (author's transl)].
AB  - Modern chest hospitals offer favourable conditions for the rehabilitation of
      asthmatic patients. In the Central Hospital for Heart- and Lung Diseases at Bad
      Berka 421 patients with asthma were rehabilitated under clinical conditions in
      1972 and 1973. Their rehabilitation was based on individualized long-term plans
      for treatment taking in consideration environmental factors which might have
      triggered the attacks. We report on experiences with diagnostic and therapeutic
      procedures and the results of vocational rehabilitation. 284 patients (67.4%)
      could return to their work, 4.5% were disabled, 16.5% remained invalids and 11.6%
      were old-age pensioners or children. The results depended on age, on the type of
      asthma, on the severity of cardio-pulmonary impairment, on certain concomitant
      diseases and on the patients cooperation. Possibilities for elimination of
      factors starting an attack sometimes proved decisive. For the maintenance of
      rehabilitatory success subsequent ambulatory long-term care by a specialist is
      provided.

PMID- 969691
TI  - [Bronchopneumonia and weather in the territory of Leipzig (author's transl)].
AB  - 621 autopsied deaths by bronchopneumonia in the territory of Leipzig, basing on
      emphysema of the lungs. Showed an annual course of the mortality rate due to
      bronchopneumonia with a clear elevation in March and distinct depressions in
      July, September, and October. Unambiguous relationships between weather and
      mortality rate in the several seasons could not be proved.

PMID- 969692
TI  - [Diagnosis of disseminated and localized lung diseases by means of transbronchial
      lung biopsy (author's transl)].
AB  - In 61 patients with mostly diffuse lung diseases 64 transbronchial lung biopsies
      have been performed by means of rigid biopsy forceps in general anesthesia. 31 of
      the 36 pathological bioply specimens were diagnostically helpful or represented
      the clinical diagnosis. Complications were moderate bleeding in three cases and
      pneumothorax (3 cases). One patient died after myocardial reinfarction occuring
      under general anesthesia. Transbronchial lung biopsy is indicated when routine
      methods fail to establish the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions, particularly in
      patients having higher operative risks. More use of the transbronchial forceps
      biopsy is expected to improve the diagnostic yield, especially in patients with
      miliary pulmonary lesions.

PMID- 969693
TI  - [Hygienic problems during sputum provocation by aerosol (author's transl)].
AB  - An apparatus assembly is described providing hygienic conditions to obtain sputum
      after aerosol inhalation. It is composed of an ultrasonic nebulizer and a half
      opened exhausting hood. The patient's head is placed under the hood which
      inhibits the delivery of expectorated germs into the environmental space. A
      continuous air flow in the direction of coughing is leading the sputum particles
      (droplet nuclei) towards a filter system. After decontamination the air may be
      let off outwards or back into the room.

PMID- 969694
TI  - [The use of inhalation tests for the diagnostick of chronic bronchitis in
      children (author's transl)].
AB  - In chronic non-specific lung diseases (CNSLD) an increased bronchial reaction to
      histamine aerosol inhalation is already well known. It was decided then to study
      the reactivity of bronchi to histamine inhalation in children within the
      epidemiological investigation on the influence of air pollution on the
      respiratory system of children. The aim of the study was to determine how in
      healthy population of children, living only in differently polluted environments,
      the frequency of the positive tests correlates with history of lung diseases,
      some pathological symptoms, level of air pollution etc. Results of the inhalation
      tests were also compared with other functional results of respiratory system,
      like: spirometrical, pneumo-tachographical, body-plethysmographical measurements,
      tests of mechanics of respiration, determination of lung transfer factor for CO
      etc. Numerous other laboratory determinations (level of alpha-antitrypsine, and x
      ray examinations) were also performed and compared with the inhalation tests. In
      spite of expectations in the so called epidemiological "positives" as absolute
      lack of reaction to histamine was observed more frequently. Children with initial
      airways resistances were also weeker reacting to histamine provocation. Some
      parameters of lung function in children with hyperreactivity to histamine proved
      to be initially somewhat worse. The authors assume that some environmental
      factors may influence by occurrence the reactivity of air-ways provocation by
      inhalation. The need of general agreement and unification for the technique and
      interpretation of provocation tests was stressed out. The usefulness of the
      application of inhalatory tests in epidemiological studies on healthy populations
      needs further discussion.

PMID- 969695
TI  - [Basic-diagnostic-criterions of respiratory insufficiency--results of a community
      work of the working group "pathophysiology of breathing" (author's transl)].
AB  - 11 laboratories of the working group "Pathophysiology of Breathing" cooperated
      with standardized methods to obtain generally admitted practical criterions for
      the definition of respiratory insufficiency. Function parameters of 2800 examined
      persons in different diagnostic groups were tested by manual statistical analysis
      and computed by data processing system. which were assessed with regard to their
      usefulness as criterions for respiratory insufficiency. The arterial O2-partial
      pressure proved to be the most crucial criterion of respiratory insufficiency
      permitting objective evidence of a manifest respiratory insufficiency by
      hypoxeamia under standard efforts with a bicycle-ergometer. The screening
      parameters of ventilation such as vital capacity and forced exspiratory volume
      are suitable as subjective rapid methods for a quantitative estimation of one
      type of respiratory insufficiency: the ventilation disturbance. Investigations,
      which were carried out with a higher apparatus expense like the estimation of
      residual volume, the functional residual capacity, and the arterial CO2-partial
      pressure permit the further differentiation of causes of the respiratory
      insufficiency and the separation between respiratory partial- and global
      insufficiency. The parameters of gas exchange: O2-consumption, respiratory
      quotient, and the screening parameter of cardiocirculation heart rate are not or
      only limited useful as criterions of respiratory insufficiency alone.

PMID- 969696
TI  - [Differentiation and identification of mycobacteria by means of thin-layer
      chromatography of their lipids. II. Application for the classification of slowly
      growing mycobacteria: M. avium and M. intracellulare (author's transl)].
AB  - Experiences with the thin-layer chromatography of mycobacterial lipids for the
      differentiation of the species M. avium and M. intracellulare are described.
      Details of the procedure used have been published in a recent paper. The 61
      strains investigated belong to 16 different serotypes. Twenty of the 21 strains
      of M. avium present three distinct lipid patterns corresponding to the serotypes
      1, 2 and 3. One strain had an aberrant lipid pattern suggesting that serotyping
      was at fault. The results obtained with 40 M. intracellulare strains of the
      serotypes III, IV, VI, VII, Davis, Watson, Howell, Chance, Boone, Yandle, Wilson,
      Altman and Arnold show that a differentiation by thin-layer chromatography of
      their lipids--using two different developing solvents--is possible. In allbut one
      case there was a complete correspondence between classification by lipid analysis
      and the results of serological typing. The distinction between M. avium and M
      intracellulare on the basis of species specific lipid patterns is not possible.
      This supports the conclusion that M. avium and M. intracellulare appear to be the
      same species having a number of distinctive serotypes.

PMID- 969697
TI  - [Physician's decision making in evaluation of tuberculous patients assessed by a
      questionnaire (author's transl)].
AB  - By a questionnaire 88 chest physicians were asked anonymously for their opinion
      about 15 cases of tuberculosis with various problems (choice of chemotherapeutic
      regimens, duration of treatment, rehabilitation and other aspects) in regard to
      first or repeated treatment and in chronic tuberculosis. It can be demonstrated,
      that in the overwhelming number the evaluation of the cases is done with safety
      and that the recommendations of the advisory board for chest diseases and
      tuberculosis are noticed.

PMID- 969698
TI  - [The influence of rifampicin on the lymphocyte stimulation (author's transl)].
AB  - In 7 PHA--and PPD stimulated lymphocyte cultures from healthy human donors the
      maintained immunosuppressive effect of Rifampicin was investigated.
      Concentrations of 5-200 mug RMP/ml culture medium were used. A significant
      decrease in the transformation rate was found at 20 mug/ml and higher
      concentrations. A vitality examination (trypan blue staining) on lymphocytes
      after 72 hours cultivation in a RMP-containing medium with the same
      concentrations showed no increase of stained cells as compared with the controls.
      It is suggested that the observed inhibition of lymphocyte reactivity is to be
      attributed to an immunosuppressive effect of RMP and not to a toxic influence.

PMID- 969699
TI  - [A contribution to the symptomatology of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
      (DIPF) (author's transl)].
AB  - Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis was detected in 64 patients (33 males and
      31 females). The diagnosis was obtained in each case from the anamnesis, the
      clinical findings, the chest X-ray, disturbances of the respiratory function, and
      from the progress of the disease. The analysis of the material produced the
      following parameters ranging from indicative to typical: Dry cough was reported
      by 70% of the patients as being trouble-some. Dyspnoea on exertion and at rest
      existed in 95%, and gradually increased during the progress of the disease in
      76,5% of these cases. On auscultation ear-near crepitant rale was heard in 78%
      above the affected pulmonary parts. In 62 patients (96,5%) the radiogram showed
      disseminated streaky-reticular as well as finely to coarsely mottled
      infiltrations. In more than half of these cases (53%) an increase in severity was
      observed during the follow-up. A predominantly restrictive disturbance of
      ventilation existed in 85,5%. Exclusive restriction was found in 65,5%. Effort
      hypoxemia was detected in 92% of our cases which was especially impressive when
      the arterial oxygen pressure at rest was within the normal range. The
      electrocardiographic findings seemed to be less unequivocal. All in all it can be
      stated that in the synopsis of its manifestation DIPF can be positively
      identified by clinical means. This fact as well as therapeutical problems are
      discussed taking available publications into consideration, and respective
      conclusions are drawn for the clinician.

PMID- 969700
TI  - [Environmental aerosol and human health (author's transl)].
AB  - In the modern way of thinking, the influence of environmental aerosol on human
      health represents a partial problem of the manifold interrelations between
      biological, chemical, and physical environmental factors in terms of their
      combined and complex effect on the human organism, including the socio-economic
      environmental conditions. As regards the air as an environmental factor, two
      fundamental problems are being dealt with in some detail under this particular
      aspect: the relation between exposure and effect, and the conception of limiting
      values for the protection of human health. The traditional conception of "one
      cause--one effect" is inappropriate for dealing with this complex set of problems
      and has to be replaced by the "many causes--many effects" principle while paying
      heed to nonspecific as well as indirect effects on the health and well-being of
      man. The difficulties encountered in clarifying the relation between exposure and
      effect, and in assessing air pollution from the hygienic point of view are
      pointed out, and an outline of the present state of knowledge and of the
      experimental and epidemiological methods of research as applied in this field is
      given. In conclusion the principles for the determination of air-hygienic
      standards are expounded.

PMID- 969701
TI  - [The effect of caffeine on the resorption and various central effects of
      ethanol].
AB  - Caffeine given in a dose of 400 mg one hour before 1 g/kg ethanol did not
      influence the course of blood alcohol levels in male volunteers. Furthermore,
      caffeine did not improve psychomotoric skills impaired by ethanol. Two cups of
      coffee ingested 30 min. after ethanol (0.5 g/kg) caused a statistically
      significant increase of blood ethanol levels one hour afterwards (from 0.49 to
      0.61%). This may be due to an accelerated absorption of ethanol caused by the
      ingestion of warm fluid.

PMID- 969702
TI  - [The effect of coffee on the functions of the sense organs and on the central
      nervous regulatory mechanisms].

PMID- 969703
TI  - Coffee consumption and mortality in a community study--Evans Co., Ga.
AB  - Total mortality showed no association with heavy coffee consumption in the four
      race-sex groups of Evans County. Deaths from coronary heart disease in WM, WF and
      BM showed no statistically significant differences between the two coffee
      consuming groups. Sex differences in cerebrovascular death rates, consistent in
      both races, suggest the possibility for a female excess of stroke deaths among
      coffee drinkers, and a "protective" effect of coffee drinking among males. Thus,
      in an area of the United States which has been designated the "Stroke Belt",
      neither the cardiovascular nor the cerebrovascular death rates seem strongly nor
      consistently related to coffee drinking habits. Although the number of deaths
      (339) is fairly large, representing a 13% mortality in this community over a four
      and one-half year observation period, the classification in four race-sex groups
      with further division into the groups with different coffee drinking habits
      limits each stratum to rather small numbers. In addition, 86 cases of CHD and CVD
      were diagnosed during lifetime already and, therefore, were excluded from the
      prospective mortality study. Confidently to refute or confirm the allegations of
      a detrimental influence of high coffee intake on ischemic heart disease one would
      need larger numbers. But in the light of our most important finding--that
      mortality from all causes is not increased in the high coffee consuming group-
      the finding of increased ischemic heart disease death rates with high coffee
      consumption would have to be compensated by a provocative, lower rate for other
      causes of death.

PMID- 969704
TI  - [The effect of caffeine on the serum insulin level during intravenous glucose
      tolerance test in patients with chemical diabetes].
AB  - Nine mild male diabetic patients were studied by intravenous glucose tolerance
      tests with and without pretreatment with caffeine. The dose of caffeine was 90 mg
      given as 195 mg of caffeine citrate. The parameters measured were blood glucose
      and serum insulin. Caffeine given 2 hours previously did not affect the mean
      glucose disappearance rate of the group, however, those with the highest rates
      did show a reduced rate after caffeine. Insulin levels showed a decrease
      particularly during the first five minutes after glucose. This finding was
      present particularly in those patients who exhibited the larger first peak. It is
      possible that a relationship exists between the magnitude of the caffeine effect
      upon early insulin secretion and the glucose disappearance rate.

PMID- 969705
TI  - [The effect of coffee and coffee components on the stomach muscle].
AB  - The isolated stomach muscle strip preparation works well when given pure
      compounds which are stable and non-toxic. When complex test mixtures such as
      coffee are used, however, the results are more difficult to interpret. This is
      probably due to non-specific effects of such mixtures, e.g. induction of changes
      in organ bath pH, etc. In spite of the above remark, differences in the effects
      of decaffeinated and normal instant coffees were clearly seen. The so-called
      "wholesome" coffees gave results identical to those obtained with normal instant
      coffee. In general, coffee induced muscle contraction followed by relaxation.
      Choline (possibly together with potassium) would appear to be responsible for the
      contractions observed, and caffeine for the relaxation.

PMID- 969707
TI  - The effect of chromium III on the intravenous glucose tolerance of rats given
      diets of different protein values.
AB  - The effect of chromium administration on glucose utilization was investigated in
      32 rats fed either high or low protein diet. In rats fed a low protein diet of
      NDpE% 4.3 the glucose removal rate increased significantly following the
      administration of chromium. However, the administration of chromium has no effect
      on the glucose removal rate in rats fed high protein diet of NDpE% 10.1. The
      glucose removal rate of rats kept on a diet of high protein value free from
      chromium was significantly higher than those kept on a low protein diet. Chromium
      deficiency did not appear to be the only responsible cause for the impaired
      glucose tolerance in animals fed low protein diet. It could be concluded that
      both chromium supplementation and protein ingestion promote insulin secretion.

PMID- 969706
TI  - [Danger to human health from mycotoxins].
AB  - The review paper summarizes our knowledge on the influence of the intake of
      mycotoxin containing foodstuffs on human health. The greatest attention is given
      to the aflatoxins. The results of epidemiological studies on the occurrence of
      primary liver cancer in Thailand and different regions of middle and southern
      Africa are described.

PMID- 969708
TI  - [Interactions between nutrition and drugs].
AB  - It is only recently that the question of interaction between nutrition and drugs
      has been investigated. Generally there are two ways by which such an interaction
      may occur. On the one hand the food-intake and its composition may influence the
      effects of drugs by altering their pharmacokinetics. In most cases the abosrption
      of drugs and thereby also their biological effects are decreased when they are
      taken together with food, by only a few drugs the opposite effects have been
      observed. Furthermore the biotransformation of drugs may be inhibited by giving a
      diet poor in proteins. A diet rich in meat or in vegetables may also influence
      the urine pH in the more acid or basic direction and in this way the renal
      excretion of drugs may be changed considerably since drugs are generally either
      weak organic acid or bases. On the other hand drugs may also interfere with the
      availability and utilization of certain nutrients e.g. vitamins, electrolytes or
      trace elements. Such interaction could be observed when giving for example
      antibiotics, alcohol, contraceptives, anticonvulsives or laxatives over a long
      period. Deficiency of certain nutritional factors or even diseases can then be
      the consequence of such interactions.

PMID- 969709
TI  - [The sulfur dioxide in various population groups in the German Federal Republic].
AB  - In direct nutrition surveys, mostly with precise weighing methods, the SO2 intake
      was estimated in 10 groups of population in the FRG. The averages in the groups
      are in comparison with the FAO/WHO recommendation very low. This result was also
      found in most of the people in surveys. From group to group there is a wide range
      and in the groups too. The highest intake in sulfur dioxide has a group of
      winegrowers with 0.88 mg/kg body weight and day.

PMID- 969710
TI  - Phytochemical and nutritional studies on pigeon pea and kidney bean cultivated in
      Egypt.
AB  - 1. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the two seeds established the
      presence of carbohydrates and/or glycosides, flavnoids, unsaturated sterols
      and/or triterpenes, saponins, trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins. In
      addition, it established the absence of cardenolides, tannins, alkaloids and
      oxidase enzyme. 2. Certain pharmacopoeial constants, including moisture, ash,
      acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash and crude fibre were determined. 3. The two
      seeds were subjected to successive extractions with different organic solvents
      such as petroleum ether (50-70 degrees C), diethyl ether, chloroform and ethyl
      alcohol. The successive yields of extractives were determined. Examination of the
      crude extracts showed that petroleum ether extract contained sterols and/or
      triterpenes, while ether, chloroform, and ethyl alcohol extracts contained
      reducing substances. 4. General analysis of the two seeds for proteins, fats,
      carbohydrates, fibre and ash contents were carried out and the results were given
      in g/100 g dry seeds. Pigeon pea contained 25.2 g protein, 170 mg calcium and 8.9
      mg iron. The protein content of kidney bean was 23 g, while calcium and iron
      contents were 134 mg and 8.02 mg respectively. 5. Extractions of the proteins
      using different solvents such as cold water, hot water, saline buffer pH 7 and
      sodium hydroxide was the best extractant. 6. The amino-acid content of the two
      seeds, whether raw or cooked, showed that they were deficient in methionine,
      cystine and tryptophan. Other essential amino acids were present in amounts
      higher than that given by the FAO provisional pattern. 7. Cooking the seeds by
      the popular methods used in the country resulted in an increase in the amounts of
      the amino acids, threonine, leucine and isoleucine, while the other amino acids
      present remained unchanged or decreased. It was also observed that cooking the
      seeds destroyed the trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins found in the two
      seeds.

PMID- 969711
TI  - [The catabolism of infused maltose in man].
AB  - The use of intravenously administered maltose was tested in 9 healthy human
      subjects and 3 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The concentration of the
      blood sugar has not been influenced by the administered maltose. The
      concentration of maltose in the blood increases up to 170 mg/100 ml blood
      depending on the rate of the maltose infusion. The excretion of maltose in the
      urinis correlated with the applied dosis and with the blood maltose
      concentration. Under our experimental conditions 20 to 30% of the administered
      maltose have been excreted and 7.5 to 23.4% have been oxidized within 8 hours.
      The highest rate of degradation was about 40 mg maltose/min/human subject and is
      reached 2 hours later than the peak concentration of maltose in the blood. The
      metabolism of maltose is reduced in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. In these
      patients only 3% of the applied maltose have been oxidized and 51% excreted in
      the urin within 8 hours. Therefore, this disaccharide cannot be recommended as
      carbohydrate source of parenteral nutrition in insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients. The balance of intravenously administered maltose is not satisfactory
      in healthy adult humans, too. Infusion of maltose solutions have no real
      advantages over the infusions of oligosaccharide solutions.

PMID- 969712
TI  - [Effect of maltose, following long-term intravenous infusion, on the metabolism].
AB  - 6 healthy subjects received a 20% electrolyte containing maltose solution over a
      period of 6 hours. The concentration of maltose rose up to 109 (76-215 mg/100
      ml). During the infusion period 3,7 (1,9-7,7) g maltose were excreted. The
      concentration of glucose and insulin was not altered, although the renal glucose
      loss was 20,2 (7,5-38,7) g. In the same period 49,8 +/- 13,2 mval potassium and
      135,4 +/- 35 mval sodium were eliminated. Maltose induced an osmotic diuresis
      which was not caused by hyperglycemia. Such a type of osmotic substance has not
      been described before.

PMID- 969713
TI  - [Metabolic effect of a parenterally administered fat emulsion with middle-chain
      triglycerides in healthy men].
AB  - Within 3 hours, 10 healthy male volunteers were infused 500 ml of a 5 percent
      emulsion in which 25 percent of the fat proportion had been replaced by MCT-fats.
      As expected, the ketone body concentration in the blood rose, while pyruvate
      remained constant and lactate dropped. The results show that, basically, a MCT
      containing fat infusion is suited for parenteral nutrition and, because of their
      specific properties, medium chain triglycerides may be used as rapid energy
      donators.

PMID- 969714
TI  - [Tests with human volunteers on parenteral utilization of maltose].
AB  - Intravenous infusions of maltose were performed using human volunteers. Four
      volunteers received maltose in a dose of 0.25 g/kg bodyweight and hour during
      eight hours. A follow-up period of three hours was added. Six volunteers received
      maltose in a dose of 0.125 g/kg bodyweight and hour during twelve hours. Only
      with the lower dose of maltose (0.125 g/kg b.w.) a steady state is reached after
      six hour continuous infusion. However even under these conditions maltose
      concentration in blood reaches the high concentration of 70 mg/100 ml. Using the
      double infusion rate, no steady state is attained when the infusions lasted for
      eight hours, despite maltose concentration in blood measured 150 mg/100 ml at
      this time. By measuring different metabolic parameters (fatty acid concentration,
      phosphate concentration) it is shown that parenterally applicated maltose is
      metabolized in the human. On the other hand, adverse reactions were not observed.
      The concentrations of uric acid and bilirubin remain constant and the activity of
      SGOT is not altered. Renal excretion of sugar measures 25-35% of the maltose
      administered parenterally. It is concluded that the glucose in urine stems from
      direct intra tubular hydrolysis of maltose achieved by the neutral maltase of the
      kidneys. The lack of attaining constant blood concentration for maltose during
      the infusions and the high renal loss of sugar shows that maltose is not suited
      as the single substrate for parenteral nutrition. However, there remains the
      possibility to use maltose in combination with glucose substitutes. The metabolic
      behaviour of maltose is similar to glucose, it differs from glucose substitutes.

PMID- 969715
TI  - [Gas chromatographic analysis of amino acids in food].
AB  - 1. The methylester derivative of DNP-amino acid was examined by gas
      chromatography and amino acid shown in fig. 1 was detected. 2. The
      gaschromatography was more sensitive than the ion-exchange chromatography, but
      detectable peaks were few, and it must be further studied. 3. The measurements of
      five amino acids in food were almost coincident with those obtained by the ion
      exchange method in literatures.

PMID- 969716
TI  - The protein nutritive value of proteolan, a by-product of starch industry.
AB  - The nutrient contents as well as the amino-acid pattern of the proteolan by
      product were determined. The results showed the presence of 18 amino acids. Most
      of the essential amino acids are existing in optimal concentration with exception
      of the sulfur-containing amino acids which showed deficiencies. The animal
      experiments indicated high figures for the digestibility coefficient and low
      figures for both the biological and net protein-utilization values. Mixing the
      proteolan in equal proportion with barley rootlets, a by-product of malting,
      leads to a noticeable increase in the biological value.

PMID- 969717
TI  - [Fatty-acid pattern of serum lipids (standards for mothers, placentas and
      infants)].
AB  - The standard distribution of the fatty acids in the total lipids of serum was
      gaschromatographically defined in the respective umbilical cord blood of 24
      mothers and their newborn babies, as well as in 20 placentas. The same
      examinations were made with 30 newborn babies on the day of birth, 14 children in
      the newborn stage, 22 young babies between 3 and 10 weeks old and 16 older babies
      between 4 and 12 months old. In the umbilical cord mixed blood of another
      collective (n = 10) the separation of the total serum lipids in the individual
      fatty fractions (neutral lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol esters) was also
      undertaken. The results were compared and existing differences were discussed. It
      was further established that an advance towards the adult's fatty acid pattern
      already takes place at an age between 4 and 12 months.

PMID- 969718
TI  - [Noise reduction through individual hearing protective devices made in the German
      Democratic Republic].

PMID- 969719
TI  - [Possible sources of mercury in the air and methods for its determination].

PMID- 969720
TI  - [Thin-layer chromatography for the identification of quinone compounds formed
      during the treatment of drinking water with chlorine or chlorine dioxide and 3,4
      benzpyrene].

PMID- 969721
TI  - [Experimental studies on the problem of chlorine dioxide treatment of drinking
      water when phenol compounds and 3,4-benzpyrenes are present].

PMID- 969722
TI  - [Experimental studies on the possibilities of thin-layer chromatography for the
      separation and identification of phenol compounds in water].

PMID- 969723
TI  - [Possible application of thin-layer chromatography for the identification and
      semiquantitative determination of nitrate ions in water using prepared UV 254 and
      FND plates].

PMID- 969724
TI  - [Experimental studies on the manganese content of oak foliage (Quercus robur L)
      in aqueous standard solutions].

PMID- 969725
TI  - [Identification and semiquantitative determination, using thin-layer
      chromatography, of 1,4-benzoquinone in waste water from coal-processing
      industries].

PMID- 969726
TI  - [Hygienic preblems of seawater pollution with special reference to the Baltic
      sea].

PMID- 969727
TI  - [Classification of child-care centers in the Halle region according to hygiene
      categories].

PMID- 969728
TI  - [Problems of noise in hospitals].

PMID- 969729
TI  - [Epidemiologic-methodological studies on the health hazards from bathing water].

PMID- 969730
TI  - [Methods for detecting pharaoh ant infestations].

PMID- 969731
TI  - [Hygienic significance of DDT determination in imported fruit and vegetable
      products].

PMID- 969732
TI  - [Current status of human hazards due to salmonella in foodstuffs of animal
      origin].

PMID- 969733
TI  - [Blood group affiliation of positive influenza A2 sera].

PMID- 969734
TI  - [Combined effect of cyclohexanone and oxime--evaluation of the combined effect].

PMID- 969735
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes in acute n-butylisocyanate poisoning].

PMID- 969736
TI  - [Bronchial reactivity in irritating occupational dust exposure in foundry and
      cloth factory workers].

PMID- 969738
TI  - [Propagation of chemical pollutants in the environment].

PMID- 969737
TI  - [Methyl chloride poisoning in East Bohemia].

PMID- 969739
TI  - [Molders of opinion on health in factories].

PMID- 969740
TI  - [Leisure activities of sociologically determined groups].

PMID- 969741
TI  - [Present situation of health education in special schools].

PMID- 969742
TI  - [Selected problems of radiographic diagnosis, exemplified in gallbladder and
      biliary tract diseases (analysis of waiting and travel times)].

PMID- 969744
TI  - [Problems of health protection of agricultural workers in Hungary].

PMID- 969743
TI  - [Scientific work of physicians responsible for the medical care of young people
      as reflected in their publications in 4 medical periodicals in the German
      Democratic Republic].

PMID- 969745
TI  - [The testing of chemical substances relevant to industrial medicine for embryo
      toxicity and teratogenicity].

PMID- 969746
TI  - [The effect of large doses of demethyltrichlorfon and ethyltrichlorfon on the
      embryonic development of laboratory mice].

PMID- 969747
TI  - [A dosimeter for harmful substances--a contribution to the determination of
      personal exposure to chronically acting air pollutants at the work place].

PMID- 969748
TI  - [Occupational health aspects of the use of liquid ammonia as fertilizer].

PMID- 969749
TI  - [Work place concentration of pesticides during spraying in the open air, under
      glass and foil, as well as in granaries].

PMID- 969750
TI  - [The work load encountered by women in moving loads by barrows].

PMID- 969751
TI  - [Construction of a respiratory gas meter for measurements of the physiology of
      effort].

PMID- 969752
TI  - [Respiratory rate and respiratory volume in sensorimotor tasks].

PMID- 969753
TI  - [Changes in electric skin resistance during neuropsychic stress].

PMID- 969754
TI  - [Results of comprehensive clinical screening of workers exposed to CS2].

PMID- 969755
TI  - [Organization and activities of an industrial health service for workers exposed
      to noise].

PMID- 969756
TI  - [Report of a case of so-called "neighborhood fluorosis"].

PMID- 969757
TI  - [The effect of the distance between place of residence and place of employment on
      morbidity rates].

PMID- 969758
TI  - [Comment on the article "The duty of physicians and co-workers in industrial
      medicine to disclose and withhold privileged information - legal bases" by G.
      Baatz in Z. ges. Hyg. 21 (1975), 200-203].

PMID- 969759
TI  - [Waiting times and appointment systems. Further comments on the work of W.
      Kneist, R. Lauterbacher, J. Buda and J. Tenyi in this journal 21 (1975), H. 9,
      661-673].

PMID- 969760
TI  - [Prospective studies on the prevention of manifestations of protodiabetes using
      sulfonylurea compounds and biguanides].

PMID- 969761
TI  - [Studies on the problem of aerosol-dosage in short-term inhalations using the
      ultrasonic-aerosol-apparatus for single inhalations TuR USI 3].

PMID- 969762
TI  - [Leading symptom: the M-gradient in electrophoresis].
AB  - A survey is given on development, proof and clinical importance of an M-gradient
      which is to be demarcated in the electrophoresis. A M-gradient refers to an
      excessive increase of the number of monoclonic immunoglobulins (= paraproteins).
      As investigation method the electrophoresis on agar or agarose, respectively, is
      best suited. The immunoelectrophoresis is necessary for the further
      differentiation into several classes and types as well as for the demarcation of
      pseudo-M-gradients. The proof of a M-gradient alone does not allow a diagnosis. M
      gradients obligatorily appear in the plasmocytoma, in Waldenstroem's
      macroglobulinaemia and associated neoplasias of the lympho-plasma-cellular
      tissue. However, M-gradients can also be observed in carcinomas, chronic liver
      diseases and chronic inflammatory processes as well as in clinically healthy
      persons in individual cases. The differentiation according to the cause of the M
      gradient is possible only then, when the total clinical picture is taken into
      consideration, in individual cases, however, according to the course of the
      disease.

PMID- 969763
TI  - [Psychological examinations in essential hypertension].
AB  - The influence of psychic factors on the blood pressure has been known since
      decenniums. In order to establish the psychic peculiarities of 25 male and 25
      female patients, the complaint questionnaire of Hock and the Minnesota
      Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used. In 16 male and 21 female
      patients with the MMPI a neurosis could be established psychometrically. In
      female neurotic hypertonics the duration of the disease was three times longer
      than in non-neurotic hypertonics. The treatment of hypertension should not be
      exhausted in pharmacotherapy, but should also include the clearing up of the
      actual situation of life.

PMID- 969764
TI  - [Coexistence of psychoneuroses with organic diseases].
AB  - The increasing number of the coexistence of psychoneuroses with organic diseases
      may lead to several diagnostic difficulties and errors. It may occur that the
      physician by mistake diagnoses only an organic disease. In other cases it may
      also occur that the physician makes an opposite mistake assuming only a
      psychoneurosis. The aim of this paper was the discussion of these two
      possibilities of mistake on the basis of the own experience of the author.

PMID- 969765
TI  - [Training effects in the treatment of neuroses].
AB  - The whole kinetotherapeutic programme of a psychotherapeutic department--without
      systematic training in the sense of athletics--in more than half of the cases
      surprisingly leads to physiologic changes, as they are to be expected in a
      submaximal training. In significant correlation with this the quality of the rule
      of the circulatory parameter investigated (pulse rate) improves. In the majority
      of cases in which positive training and regulation effects developed the
      psychotherapeutic results were clearly positive, too. On the other hand only in
      less than half of all cases with clear psychotherapeutic improvement training
      effects could be proved. The psychologic effects of training are based on a
      reaction complex the most essential components of which are described.

PMID- 969766
TI  - [Ambulatory psychotherapy at the medical department of a district policlinic].
AB  - From the psychotherapeutic unit of the department of internal diseases of a
      district outpatient department some experiences and recognitions are reported.
      The autogenic training and the group psychotherapy are the methodical centre. 200
      non-selected psychotherapeutic cases are analysed with regard to sex, age,
      profession and diagnostics of the neurotic symptomatology.

PMID- 969767
TI  - [Incidence and significance of psychovegetative syndromes--demonstration on an
      example of an internal medicine diagnostic station].
AB  - It is reported on 215 patients in whom after detailed somatic and
      psychodiagnostic examination in a ward of internal diseases the diagnosis of
      neurosis was made. The cases in question were 33.3% of the whole number of
      patients during a selected period. In the majority of cases (74%) organic
      functional disturbances were diagnosed, above all cardiovascular and gastro
      enterological syndromes. The screening diagnostics especially with the help of
      questionaires of complaints allowed of a comparatively certain conclusion to the
      existence of a psychovegetative syndrome. Altogether 51 patients exhibited the
      picture of a functional organic linkage syndrome, i.e. in an organic disease a
      characteristic functional syndrome remained ascertained. The duration of the
      diseases was always several years, they were chronified, mostly by iatrogenic
      influences and labelled by an organic pseudodiagnosis. Among the therapeutic
      measures possible in practice already the diagnosing of a neurosis represents a
      decisive step.

PMID- 969768
TI  - [Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of paramyloidosis in plasmacytoma].
AB  - In the first phase of inhalation due to the sedimentation of droplets against the
      walls of the atomizer arises a high loss of fluid in the apparatus. When the air
      flow was regular a high scattering volume of the consumed fluid quantity from the
      remedy store container was obtained. In the short-time inhalation this method
      cannot be used for the estimation of the quantity of medicaments applied to the
      patient. An exact dosage is possible only by measuring the fog flow and when the
      exact density of fog is known. When the presuppositions mentioned are not given,
      the informations about the virtual density of fog which was calculated by means
      of the analysis of regression, may be obtained.

PMID- 969769
TI  - [Obesity and diabetes-morbidity--a prospective 5-year study].
AB  - In a prospective 5-year-study the development of adiposity was tested in a
      population group consisting of about 30,000 persons. It was shown that during the
      time of investigation the population decreased in its total number, the
      consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates and meat, however, increased. As
      it was established in 1968, the proportion of the adipose persons (more than 20%
      of the Broca-weight) and the percental average deviation from the Broca-weight
      (calculated in decennium classes) was more than in the comparable population
      groups in the GDR. Contrary to expectation the examination further showed that on
      an average men exhibited a trend to the increase in weight, but on the average
      women decreased in weight. In all age groups (with the exception of the 60- to 69
      year-old persons) the proportion of obese persons was significantly lower in 1973
      than in 1968. Unchangedly adipose are the diabetics who also have a by far higher
      average weight than the healthy population and who up to now do not reveal an
      inclination to the decrease in weight. With 2.9% the average frequency of
      diabetes is also adequately high.

PMID- 969770
TI  - [Functional and urinary analysis diagnosis of pyelonephritis].
AB  - For the practicing physician pyelonephritis is a frequently observed clinical
      picture which still has its diagnostic problems. With the help of a step
      programme a reasonable diagnostics is striven for which gives the possibility of
      an early recognition in the general surgery and a far-reaching clarification of
      the clinical picture in the out-patient department.

PMID- 969771
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of pyelonephritis].
AB  - With the help of special literature and the results of own investigations the
      usability and evidence of radiological examination methods in the diagnosis of
      pyelonephritis are described. The high value of urography in the ascertainment of
      predisposing factors for pyelonephritis is emphasized. Subject of nearer
      considerations is the characteristic radiological feature of chronic
      pyelonephritis in its different developmental stages. Especially in connection
      with the decent radiological changes in the early forms of chronical
      pyelonephritis is referred to the necessity of an optimal collaboration between
      clinician and radiologist.

PMID- 969772
TI  - [Chemotherapy in pyelonephritis].
AB  - In the present paper the most important general directions of the chemotherapy of
      the acute as well as the chronic pyelonephritis are explained. In adult age
      actual acute pyelonephritides are rare. In most cases acute attacks of chronic
      pyelonephritides are in question. Also in the acute pyelonephritides for the
      initial therapy the application of highly effective chemotherapeutics is
      recommended which lead to high tissue and serum levels. The exclusive application
      of nitrofurantoin or an only symptomatic therapy is not indicated in acute
      pyelonephritis. Only a consequent therapy of the acute form of the course gives
      the possibility to reduce the number of chronic pyelonephritides. The most
      favourable conditions for the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis with the aim of
      stopping the chronic process or eventually even a cure are given by the long-term
      therapy. For the initial therapy according to the antibiogramme a tissue
      effective chemotherapeutic remedy is administered. This was followed by a long
      term prophylaxis of about 6 months. Taking into consideration the therapeutic
      mechanisms of the preparations and the severity of the clinical picture always
      the least toxical antibacterial remedies should be administered. The most
      important chemotherapeutics for the therapy of pyelonephritis, their side-effects
      and the peculiarities of their use in renal insufficiency are discussed.

PMID- 969773
TI  - [Urolithiasis and its conservative treatment based on analysis of the calculi].
AB  - The exact analysis of urinary calculi is the condition for an aimed conservative
      therapy of urolithiasis. As standardized method of the analysis of urinary
      calculi the X-ray diffraction was introduced in the GDR. This investigation
      method allows a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the concrements. The
      possibilities of the conservative therapy of urolithiasis were explained. To this
      conservative treatment belong the treatment of a colic, the removal of a
      calculus, the litholysis and the prophylaxis of recidivations.

PMID- 969774
TI  - [Immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis].
AB  - After an introductory description of some morphological points of view the author
      enters into the mechanisms of the immunopathogenetic lesion in different forms of
      glomerulonephritis. Hereby Goodpasture's syndrome, the acute post-streptococcal
      nephritis, the membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, the sclerosing forms and
      the so-called glomerulonephritis with minimal changes are particularly taken into
      consideration. It is tried to describe the clinical course and the
      pathomorphological changes.

PMID- 969775
TI  - [Comparative clinical and histological studies in the diagnosis of isolated
      proteinuria and hematuria].
AB  - In 311 patients with clinical suspicion to glomerulonephritis biopsies of the
      kidneys were performed. In these cases in 82% the histological or tentative
      diagnosis, respectively, of a glomerulonephritis could be made. As diseases
      preceding the glomerulonephritis relapsing tonsillitides are occupying the first
      place, whereas scarlet fever, otitides, furunculoses and sinusitides were
      observed more infrequently. Clinically cases of oligosymptomatic
      glomerulonephritis were more frequently observed than monosymptomatic ones. One
      fifth of the patients exhibited a restricted renal function or a proteinuria of 3
      g/24 hours, in which case proliferatively sclerosing, diffusely proliferative and
      membranaceous forms occupied the first place.

PMID- 969776
TI  - [Clinical aspects of glomerulonephritis].
AB  - With the help of 260 bioptically ascertained cases of glomerulonephritis clinical
      characteristics for individual forms of glomerulonephritis are explained.
      Specific laboratory findings and functional tests are correlated to the bioptic
      findings and their valency for the individual groups of diagnosis discussed. As a
      result of the investigation 99% of all cases of disease may be recognized only by
      the examination of the urine, taking into consideration the interference of the
      individual symptoms.

PMID- 969777
TI  - [Treatment of glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Issuing from the importance of the glomerulonephritis and the different
      spontaneous course of the certain morphological forms of glomerulonephritis
      recommendations are given for the indication of a therapy of glomerulonephritis.
      For the prednisone, indomethazin, azathioprin and cyclophosphamide treatment
      therapeutic schemata proved in practice are recommended. The results of the
      therapy of 32 cases of glomerulonephritis treated with prednisone and of 125
      cases treated with indomethazin are described. Two observations of a five-year
      course in a rapid progressive glomerulonephritis and in a Goodpasture syndrome
      refer to a probably favourable therapeutic effect of azathioprin. Finally it is
      referred to the advantages of an additional immunofluorescence-histological
      examination of the renal tissue in 50 cases of glomerulonephritis observed during
      the course.

PMID- 969778
TI  - [Immature-cell leukoses in the adult age].
AB  - In form of a survey the author enters into selected questions of the
      etiopathogenesis, the pre-leucaemic phase, the epidemiology, the cytochemical
      subdivision, the clinic and therapy of undifferentiated cell leucaemia in adult
      age. The number of two-year sojourns in a hospital and other data are reported on
      the basis of an evaluation of the signature ledges of the clinical histories in
      the district Dresden. A study concerning the therapy carried out on 331 patients
      from six clinics of the GDR emphasizes the value of the polychemotherapy, in
      which cases according to the COAP- and ViDaP-scheme the results of the treatment
      are somewhat more unfavourable, compared with the results in the newest
      combinations of other authors.

PMID- 969779
TI  - [Effect of some choleretics on the hepatic flow and its composition in man].
AB  - Four choleretics, selected at random from the German list of medical
      preparations, were tested with regards to their influence on hepatic bile
      production and bile composition. The investigations were performed on patients
      with a T-drainage in the ductus choledochus after bile duct revision. Bile was
      collected after fasting (90 min) and after administration of the drugs to be
      tested (3 hours). The choleretics were administered orally in a dosage two to
      five times more than the recommended one. Besides the bile volume bile acids,
      cholesterol, bilirubin, bicarbonate, potassium, sodium and calcium were
      determined. None of the parameters could be definitely influenced by these drugs.
      On the other hand a pronounced increase in the bile flow as well as the expected
      change in the other parameters could be observed after standardized secretion
      stimulation which had been additionally carried out in half of the patients
      (dehydrocholic acid, i.v., taurocholic acid intraduodenally, secretin i.v.,
      meals).

PMID- 969780
TI  - [Immune response to HBsAg, HBcAg and e-antigen in patients with acute hepatitis
      and HBsAg carriers with and without liver diseases].
AB  - Humoral and/or cell-mediated (CMI) immune responses to HBAg components, human and
      rabbit liver specific proteins (HLP and RLP) and tuberculin were tested in
      patients with acute virus B and non-B-hepatitis, asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and
      HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Furthermore, the presence of
      HBsAg, HBcAg and/or "e"-antigen has been studied in patients with sera and/or
      liver tissue. Asymptomatic HBsAg carriers are characterized by a status of
      immunological tolerance against HBsAg. HBcAg in liver nuclei could not be
      detected. All sera were positive for anti-HBc, some had anti "e". - Patients with
      uneventful acute virus-B-hepatitis developed CMI against HBsAg 4-6 weeks and anti
      HBs 4-6 months after onset of the disease. Acute virus hepatitis without
      detectable HBsAg are defined as non-B-hepatitis by negative humoral and cell
      mediated immune reaction against HBsAg 1-12 months after onset of the disease. -
      Patients with type B chronic active hepatitis are characterized by inadequate CMI
      against HBsAg without immune elimination of virus and virusantigens. Acute and
      chronic type-B-hepatitis showed temporary or constant CMI against HLP. These
      findings suggest an alteration or a carrier function of membrane antigens of
      virus infected hepatocytes or an induction of new membrane antigens by a virus.
      The results indicate that recovery from type B-hepatitis is associated with the
      ability to elicit a specific immune response to HBsAg. Furthermore immune
      responses to virus, virus antigens and virusinfected hepatocytes seemed to be the
      pathogenic principle of virus induced acute and chronic liver diseases.

PMID- 969781
TI  - [Diffusion disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis].
AB  - In 17 patients with cirrhosis of theliver and in 11 controls the pulmonary
      diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO) was determined at three different levels of
      alveolar oxygen tensions. The diffusing capacity of the alveolar membrane (DMCO)
      and the intra-pulmonary capillary volume (VC) were calculated following the
      formula given by Roughton and Forster. The following results were obtained: 1)
      Both DLCO and DMCO were lower (p less than 0,01) in the patient group than in the
      controls. 2) VC showed larger variations in thepatient group than in the controls
      (p less than 0,01). The mean values did not differ, however. 3) There was a
      significant linear correlation (p less than 0,001) between DM and 1/VC in the
      patient group (DM and VC in % of the predicted value). The results suggest, that
      a change in the configuration of the capillary bed may be responsible for the
      transfer defect found in cirrhosis.

PMID- 969782
TI  - [Toxic megaileum. Relapse of ulcerative colitis in the ileum following
      colectomy].
AB  - A 19 year old male patient suffered from ulcerative colitis and was colectomized
      5 1/2 years ago. He presented now with an acute illness, characterized by massive
      discharges from the ileostoma, fever, leucocytosis, meteroism, melaena and a
      tender abdomen. A severe ulcerative inflammation of the total ileum was found. A
      "toxic megaileum" developed. At an operation the ileum was opened and drained.
      The patient recoverd under treatment with prednisolone, salazosulfypyridine,
      parenteral nutrition and Vivasorb. It is suggested that in this case the severe
      ileitis was due to the same disease which led to the total colectomy 5 1/2 years
      ago: ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 969783
TI  - [Difficult diagnosis of Crohn's disease].
AB  - It is often difficult to diagnose Crohn's disease because of the numerous
      clinical symptoms. In a retrospective study from 1963-1975 the initial diagnosis
      was examined in 101 patients with Crohn's disease. In 22% of the patients the
      initial diagnosis was correct, in 78% one or more wrong diagnoses were made. The
      most regular wrong diagnosis was colitis ulcerosa (30%). 41 patients were
      unnecessarily treated surgically before the correct diagnosis was established.
      The mean time from the on-set of the symptoms until the correct diagnosis was 3.6
      years, the mean time from the first wrong diagnosis to the correct diagnosis, 2.9
      years. In the later few years a decrease in wrong diagnoses, an increase in
      initially correct diagnoses and a shortening of the interval between beginning of
      symptoms until final diagnosis are recognizable. The possible reasons are
      discussed.

PMID- 969784
TI  - [Active transport mechanisms in the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine and
      their functional disorders].
AB  - The mechanismus of active transport in the small intestinal mucosa are discussed.
      A survey on the different defects of disturbed absorption is given and examples
      of 3 basic types of malabsorption are discussed.

PMID- 969785
TI  - [Adaptive changes in intestinal mucosa of the small intestine as a result of
      intraluminal stress].
AB  - Under physiological conditions, the intestinal mucosa is the site of a delicate
      balance between cell proliferation in the crypt region and cell desquamation at
      the villus tips. This balance can be deranged by a number of endogenous or
      exogenous factors, oneof which is the intraluminal contents. This review
      discusses the effects of different modifications of the luminal milieu on the
      structure and function of the mucosa. Following intestinal resection or loop
      transposition, the contents reaching the remnant or the transposed loop differ
      markedly from those with which they come into contact under normal conditions.
      Hyperplasia without zonal transformation then develops in the experimental loop.
      The villi do not become wider, and changes in the strucutre of the epithelium are
      not observed. There are conflicting resutls in the literature concerning the
      enzyme activities in the individual enterocytes resulting from this hyperplasia.
      However, the epithelium its functionally immature, since transport capacities
      measured in vitro are reduced. On the other hand, the hyperplasia of the mucosa
      is such that absorptive capacities in vivo, when expressed in terms of intestinal
      length, are larger than normal. When the intestine is subjected to prolonged
      infusion of lactic acid, the enterocytes are damaged and increased exfoliation
      results. A similar result is obtained in the blind-loop syndrome, where the
      accumulation of bile acids and bacteria provides the stress responsible for the
      destruction of the enterocytes, and in non-tropical spure, where the epithelium
      is attacked by noxious peptides in the diet. The first consequence of the
      accelerated desquamation is epithelial hyperplasia without zonal transformation,
      though the enterocytes are damaged - in contrast to those of the resected
      intestine - and apparently possess reduced enzyme activities. If the application
      of the stress is continued, a stage is reached in which the cell proliferation
      does not suffice to counteract the cell loss at the villus tips. Then a zonal
      transformation occurs whereby, despite the lengthened crypts, the villi become
      shorter and wider until, in extreme cases, the mucosa is completely devoid of
      villi. The transport capacity in vitro and in vivo - even when expressed in terms
      of unit-length is reduced, and good correlations exist between the reduction in
      function and the diminution in surface area of the intestine. In a self-emptying
      blind loop, the intestine is devoid of all contact with nutritional material.
      Under these circumstances, hypoplasia of the mucosa develops in which the
      enterocytes appear unchanged, though in extreme cases they may possess reduced
      enzyme levels, and the absorption capacity in vivo is consequently reduced.

PMID- 969786
TI  - [Corelations between thrombocyte count, clinical diagnosis, and liver pathology
      in chronic liver diseases].
AB  - In 1488 cases of chronic liver disease thrombocyte content of peripheral blood,
      clinical diagnosis and histologic findings of the liver biopsy were correlated.
      Ranging from fatty infiltration to fatty cirrhosis or from slightly active
      chronic hepatitis to active postnecrotic cirrhosis, according to the extent of
      the liver injury a significant decrease of thrombocyte-count was evaluated. In
      case of non-active liver disease and posthepatitic status a thrombocytopenia also
      could be found. Cirrhotic transformation or proliferation of the connective
      tissue mainly in the periportal fields and inflammatory activity showed a
      significant correlation to the frequency of a thrombocyte decrease. A
      pathogenetic relation is ascribed to an increased thrombocyte storage in the
      spleen depending on the extent of the liver injury and the alteration of the
      portal blood stream up to a portal hypertension. Our results indicate such
      correlations of liver injury, portal pressure and platelet-pooling to thrombocyte
      count even if the causal dependency cannot be proved.

PMID- 969787
TI  - [Stomach motility and lyspafen].
AB  - Studies of motility of the stomach in 10 test-persons resulted in a significant
      reduction of motility after a 2-day period of perorally intake of Lyspafen. The
      active motoric substance is diffenoxin-hydrochloride. An addition of 0,025 mg
      Atropin sulfate could increase the effect. The effect is independent of the
      clinical diagnose. A "runaway" could be explained by an intolerance against
      lactose. The waves of type I are less influenced, such as the frequency of the
      waves of contraction.

PMID- 969788
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections].
AB  - Report on a man of 29 years with acute bronchopneumonia, antibodies against
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae and acute pancreatitis lasting three weeks. In some cases
      M. p. must be considered to be the cause of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 969789
TI  - [14CO2 exhalation tests. Diagnostic improvement in gastroenterologic diseases].
AB  - For evaluation of 14CO2-breath-tests the three most employed tests, namely
      glycero-14C-tripalmitate-test, 14C-lactose-tolerance-test, and 14C-glycin-cholate
      test, were performed in healthy volunteers (n = 69), patients with chronic
      pancreatitis (n = 18), manifest malassimilation (n = 8), lactase deficiency (n =
      15), and patients, in whom a disturbed enterohepatic bile salt circulation was
      suspected (n = 19). Usefulness of malabsorption tests was limited by many false
      normal results. Cholylglycin-breath-test on the other hand was sensitive, but
      clinical significance remained questionable. In our opinion simple performance
      and lacking discomfort are no sufficient arguments for 14CO2-breath-test.

PMID- 969790
TI  - [Determination of gestational age by sonar (author's transl)].
AB  - For some time it has been recognized that abnormal intrauterine development can
      lead to dissociation between maturity and external size and/or weight of the
      fetus. The results of pathophysiological and biochemical studies of fetal growth
      and nutrition have resulted in attempts to monitor and time every pregnancy at
      risk. The most recent information in the area of intrauterine development has
      shown that also organic and functional maturity of fetal organ systems can
      develop dissociated from gestational age. This observation points out the
      necessity for additional measures in order to achieve the goals of Planed
      obstetrics. The possibilities of ultrasound biometry for determining gestational
      age were presented. Taking normal and abnormal fetal growth and behavior into
      consideration, the use of ultrasonic diagnostic methods makes it possible to
      acquire concrete data regarding the size and maturity of some fetal organ
      systems. The methodological problems such as arise in clinical practice were
      explained and discussed in light of the most recent developments in equipment.

PMID- 969791
TI  - [Topography of a reference plane for ultrasonic thoracometry (author's transl)].
AB  - A method of ultrasonic thoracometry is reported which uses the veins of the fetal
      liver as landmarks. The fact that the umbilical vein running from the anterior
      abdominal wall to the "sinus venae portae" is visible in B-scan display is the
      given presupposition. In a study about topography of the vein system of the fetal
      liver in 50 cases the description of a so called "sinus-plane" for sonar
      thoracometry is given. This reference plane is shown to be identical with the
      "lower apertura of the fetal thorax" recommended by Hansmann and co-workers since
      1971. Thereby the nowadays well established method of thoracometry in obstetrical
      routine work gets a more accurate definition in regard to it's topography. This
      is not only of theoretical interest but will improve the conditions for more
      accuracy and reproducibility of the method.

PMID- 969792
TI  - [A contribution to the weight determination of the fetus by combined kephalo- and
      thoracometry (author's transl)].
AB  - By comparison of the sectional area of the fetal head of the fronto-occipital
      level in the height of the biparietalic diameter and the cross sectional area of
      thorax in the level area of the ventrical it was tried to determine the exspected
      birth weight. A mean deviation of 8,9% was found. Below a birth weight of 2500 g
      the presented calculation is only valid to some extend as in these cases the
      dominance proved in fetal development grounds of the head of the fetus becomes
      apparent.

PMID- 969793
TI  - [Comparison of lipid concentrations in lung homogenates of newborns with and
      without hyaline membrane disease (author's transl)].
AB  - Quantitative and qualitative studies on lipids of the lungs were performed in
      babies who died during the perinatal period. The lungs were divided into organs
      with and without hyaline membranes respectively. Total lipids, phospholipids,
      neutral lipids, lecithins and sphingomyelins were determined. The fatty acid
      composition of total phospholipids and of lecithins is reported. A multivariate
      analysis of variance was used for the verification of significant differences in
      lipid content and in fatty acid composition with regard to the histological
      diagnosis. Taking at least two parameters (total phospholipids and C: 14-fatty
      acid or lecithin and C: 14-fatty acid into account, the two groups (lungs with
      and without hyaline membranes) were significantly different at the 5% level. The
      results are compared as well with the lipid content and composition of fatty
      acids of normal neonatal lung tissue as with observations regarding the lipids in
      amniotic fluid. The data obtained are discussed with regard to the development of
      lung maturity.

PMID- 969794
TI  - [Comparison of serum lipid concentrations in umbilical artery, umbilical vein and
      maternal vein blood (author's transl)].
AB  - Maternal serum lipids and lipids in umbilical artery and umbilical vein blood
      were examined immediately after delivery in order to relate maternal and fetal
      lipid metabolism. Total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol,
      cholesterol esters and free cholesterol were determined. The comparison of
      arterial and venous umbilical lipid levels showed a significantly higher
      concentration of phospholipids in the umbilical vein, indicating an enhanced flux
      of phospholipids from the placenta to the fetus. A positive correlation is
      established for the amounts of total lipids (p less than 0,05), triglycerides (p
      less than 0,01), phospholipids (p less than 0,05) and free cholesterol (p less
      than 0,005) between maternal and umbilical vein blood. It is suggested that free
      cholesterol passes the placental barrier unchanged. The other correlations are
      discussed as the expression of a factor influencing simultaneously the maternal
      and fetal lipid metabolism.

PMID- 969795
TI  - [Lipid composition in placental homogenates of mature, premature and small for
      gestational age newborns (author's transl)].
AB  - Total lipids, phospholipids, and neutral lipids were determined in the placentas
      of mature, premature and small for gestational age babies. In addition the
      phospholipids and neutral lipids were calculated as percentage of total lipids.
      The distribution of fatty acids in placental phospholipids is reported. The
      difference found in the concentration of placental lipids is statistically
      significant at the 5% level between the groups of premature and small for
      gestational age babies. The increase of neutral lipids and the reduced content of
      phospholipids in placentas of small for gestational age babies are discussed as a
      possible sign of placental insufficiency.

PMID- 969796
TI  - [Influence of allylestrenol on hpl serum levels in high-risk pregnancies
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 32 patients with high-risk pregnancies were treated with 3 X 5 mg of 17alpha
      ally1-17beta-hydroxy-estr-4-ene (allylestrenol, Gestanon) daily. Only those
      patients entered this study, who had pathological HPL serum levels during two
      successive control investigations. In addition, cytological analyses of vaginal
      smears were performed before treatment was started. The patients were treated
      with allylestrenol until normal HPL levels were recorded, but at least during 14
      days. HPL serum levels were estimated every second day through 14 days.
      Thereafter HPL assays were performed in weekly intervals. Determinations of HPL
      were done by radioimmunoassay. Analyses of vaginal smears were done weekly.
      Statistical analysis of HPL serum levels were performed by Student's-t-test. A
      statistical significant increase of HPL serum levels were registered during
      allylestrenol therapy. These results suggest that the pregnancy maintaining
      effect of allylestrenol is at least partly due to a stimulation of placental
      function. Analyses of vaginal smears indicate a progestational effect of the
      norsteroid.

PMID- 969797
TI  - Largactil (chlorpromasine) and cervical dilatation in primiparae.
AB  - The effects of Largactil on cervical maturation and dilatation during induced
      labour in primiparous women were investigated. The obtained results suggest that
      Largactil has significant influence on the maturation and dilatation of the
      cervix in severely "neurotic" women relative to "non-neurotic" women.

PMID- 969798
TI  - [Changes in maternal cardiovascular parameter during tocolysis and in the dorsal
      position shock syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - Maternal circulatory parameters and fetal heart rate were measured in 25 healthy
      pregnant women in the last trimenon during treatment with Fenoterol, Fenoterol in
      combination with Verapamil and Verapamil alone. Dosages were used in accordance
      with the tocolytic guidelines from Weidinger and Wiest. We were able to
      demonstrate that the betamimetic Fenoterol alone and in combination with the Ca++
      antagonist Verapamil strongly increases the maternal heart rate an the maternal
      cardiac output whereas the peripheral resistance decreases accordingly. The
      average blood pressure stayed leveled, so that a decreased uterine blood flow
      cannot be assumed under betamimetics from the maternal cardiovascular point of
      view. However, there are indications for an increased placental blood flow during
      tocolysis. The betamimetic drug show no significant effect on the fetal heart
      rate. Additional application of the Ca++-antagonist Verapamil during tocolysis
      with Fenoterol (in dosages usually used for tocolysis) doesn't change
      cardiovascular reactions caused by Fenoterol. Change in position from supine to
      left lateral position caused a short term increase in the maternal cardiac output
      even noted in pregnant women without a clinically observed cavasyndrom. These
      changes of maternal cardiac output are comparable with those in orthostatic
      stress situations.

PMID- 969799
TI  - [Enteral lipid absorption in porphyria cutanea tarda patients and in alcoholics].

PMID- 969800
TI  - [Effect of UV irradiation on the chromosomes in Darier's dyskeratosis
      follicularis].

PMID- 969801
TI  - [Therapy of psoriasis vulgaris with ultraviolet rays].

PMID- 969802
TI  - [Dermatology-phlebology-angiology].

PMID- 969803
TI  - [Comparative radioimmunologic studies of FSH and LH contents in serum and seminal
      plasma].

PMID- 969804
TI  - [Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia].

PMID- 969805
TI  - [Causes and sequelae of peripheral lymph circulatory deficiency in dermatological
      practice].

PMID- 969806
TI  - [Therapeutic results of a new anti-hemorrhoidal drug].

PMID- 969807
TI  - [Fournier's gangrene--a rare disease].

PMID- 969808
TI  - [Clinical research on a new corticoid-containing topical drug].
AB  - In the present paper, the clinical trial of a new difluorinated corticosteroid
      suitable for topical use is reported. Because of its proven efficacy in very
      different dermatoses, it is useful as a new reliable product for external use
      having a broad spectrum of indications. Altogether, 50 patients were treated for
      a number of dermatoses (various forms of eczema, neurodermitis constitutionalis
      among other rare skin diseases). Complications, especially skin lesions due to
      corticosteroids, were not observed. The availability of the test preparation in
      three different forms has the advantage that it is not only suitable for the
      primary dermatosis, but it can also be adapted to the various degrees of
      acuteness.

PMID- 969809
TI  - [Pretibial myxeolema].

PMID- 969810
TI  - [The hand-foot-mouth disease].

PMID- 969811
TI  - [Diagnosis of giant cell tuberculoid granulomatosis: Boeck's disease, mycosis
      fungoides?].

PMID- 969812
TI  - [Systematized hyperkeratotic nevus with kinky hair].

PMID- 969813
TI  - [Erythrodermic pityriasis rubra pilaris or mycosis fungoides?].

PMID- 969814
TI  - [Sensitization against Trocoderma angustum SOL. as an occupational disease].

PMID- 969815
TI  - [Unusual course of pityriasis rubra pilaris].

PMID- 969816
TI  - [Dermatomyositis in lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the Schmincke type].

PMID- 969817
TI  - [Sunlight-hypersensitivity in some cases of psoriasis].

PMID- 969818
TI  - [Salicylic acid in the treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 969819
TI  - [Syringomas and their unusual localization].

PMID- 969820
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function during therapy with
      cardiovascularly effective drugs].
AB  - The task of this study was to examine the feasibility of applying
      echocardiography in determining alterations of left ventricular performance
      during administration of vasoactive drugs. Patients suffering from congestive
      heart failure were treated with Digitalis, other patients with normal hearts were
      subjected to infusion therapy of Isoproterenol, Propranolol, Verapamil and
      Calcium chloride. A new concept for interpretation of function curves relating
      the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) and time was introduced to
      establish the inotropic, bathmotropic and chronotropic effects of vasoactive
      drugs to the myocardium. It can be concluded that echocardiography is a feasible
      tool in determining changes of left ventricular dynamics during administration of
      vasoactive drugs, in indicating the individual dosage of a vasoactive drug in
      each patient and the follow-up the course of the therapeutic success.

PMID- 969821
TI  - [Angiography of left ventricle following volume load and physical work in
      coronary disease].
AB  - In order to recognize and quantitate abnormalities in wall segment motion in 22
      patients simultaneous measurements of isovolumic and ejection phase parameters
      were performed with the Millar-angiographic catheter at rest, after leg raising
      and during bicycle exercise. 6 patients had slight coronary heart disease (CHD)
      (group I), 16 patients had severe CHD (group II). During volume load in all
      patients of gr. II a decrease of peak measured velocity (Vpm) and the velocity of
      circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf from 1.4 to 1.1 circ/s, p less than 0.025)
      occurred. In gr. I Vcf increased (p less than 0.05). During exercise there was a
      high increase in Vpm and Vcf in gr. I (from 1.2 to 1.9 circ/s) whereas in gr. II
      no increase was observed. LVEDP rose to 29 mm Hg and ESV from 58 to 70 ml/1.73
      m2. By increasing LVEDP during volume load underperfused areas became ischaemic
      and akinetic. During physical work the segmental abnormality can be less
      pronounced possibly due to the higher prestenotic pressure.

PMID- 969822
TI  - [Systolic time intervals of the left ventricle in neuromuscular diseases].
AB  - In 64 patients having neuromuscular disease and in 11 healthy persons,
      preejection period (PEP), ejection time index (LVETI) and PEP/LVET ratio of the
      left ventricle were studied by indirect method. PEP was significantly longer,
      ejection time index was significantly shorter and PEP/LVET ratio was
      significantly higher in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy than healthy
      persons. In 75% of patients having this disease LVETI was shortened and only in
      30% of them Ecg abnormalities could be detected. These findings are postulated to
      be due to diffusely decreased contractility of the left ventricular heart muscle
      in progressive muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 969823
TI  - [Iron deficiency following implantation of a heart valve prosthesis].
AB  - In 44 patients with single or multiple valvular protheses of the heart, the
      problem of secondary iron deficiency due to mechanical hemolysis was
      investigated. In 17 cases, elevated serum transferrin values were noted, compared
      to elevated serum iron levels in only 6 cases. Therefore, treatment should be
      based on the more reliable transferrin values. Severity and duration of
      mechanical hemolysis did not seem to be correlated with the occurrence or the
      degree of iron deficiency.

PMID- 969824
TI  - [Pulmonary valve aplasia with ventricular septal defect. Hemodynamics and
      embryology].
AB  - The combination of absent pulmonary valve with ventricular septal defect,
      subvalvular pulmonic stenosis and aneurysm of the pulmonary artery presents a
      characteristic heamodynamic and clinical profile. It should be differentiated
      from other morphologically related cardiovascular malformations. According to the
      degree of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, the circulatory pattern
      and the clinical picture is varying widely. We are differentiating an obstructive
      and a congestive form of the disease. An own case is demonstrated. After a short
      review of the literature the clinical and haemodynamic findings are discussed.
      The important role of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation is emphasized.
      The development of a huge pulmonary aneurysm and the premature closing of the
      ductus arteriosus are considered to be secondary to the serious disturbance of
      fetal haemodynamics.

PMID- 969825
TI  - [Methodical aspects of pneumatic segment plethysmography. III. Measuring
      tourniquet problems].
AB  - The question, to which extent utilization of different plethysmographic cuffs
      influenced the assessment of volume changes, was examined in 40 healthy
      individuals as well as by means of an experimental model. It could be shown that
      plethysmographic results varied significantly according to the design of the
      cuffs: 1.a) Utilization of short (19.5 cm) cuffs that did not cover the entire
      thigh circumference resulted in significantly lower arterial inflow and pressure
      dependent venous capacity measurements as compared to long cuffs (48.8 cm). b)
      This result was confirmed by use of a newly developed "calibration-cylinder"
      demonstrating that use of the short cuff showed only 62.2% of the true volume
      change, use of the long cuff, however, 89.6%. Deficiency of thigh contact is
      discussed as possible etiologic factor for this difference. 2. The cover material
      of the cuff also influenced the results significantly since results could be
      improved from 62.2% to 86.9% (short cuff) and from 89.6% to 95.1% (long cuff) by
      use of double layer non-compliant cloth. The reason for this finding is thought
      to be the compliance of conventional cloth. 3. Comparison of two cuffs with
      identical shape and dimensions resulted in significantly lower volume changes
      using hard stiff rubber as compared to soft compliant rubber. These findings
      suggest some recommendations for optimal design of plethysmographic cuffs. Cuffs
      should not underestimate volume changes obtained with the "calibration-cylinder"
      by more than 10%.

PMID- 969826
TI  - [Influence of atrial contraction on stroke volume in pacemaker stimulation].
AB  - The contribution of the atrial systole to the stroke volume was studied in 12
      patients with implanted pacemakers by means of impedance-cardiography. P-ST
      intervals between 70 and 200 msec. increased the stroke volume as compared with
      systoles without preceding P-waves. A maximal stroke volume was observed with a P
      ST-interval of 130 msec. The increase of the stroke volume by 33% justifies the
      application of atrial triggered pacemakers in selected cases, mainly in younger
      patients despite of the technical limitations of these pacemaker systems.

PMID- 969827
TI  - Oesophageal phlebectasis in an infant with pulmonary venous obstruction owing to
      a congenital heart defect.
AB  - Clinical findings and postmortem examination of a newborn infant are reported.
      Prominent features were a complex congenital heart defect ("pre-mature closure of
      foramen ovale", with mitral and aortic atresia), causing severe obstruction to
      pulmonary venous return, pulmonary lymphangiectasis and oesophageal phlebectasis.
      The occurrence of oesophageal phlebectasis in infants with congenital pulmonary
      venous obstruction is reviewed and the pathogenesis discussed.

PMID- 969828
TI  - [T inversion in Friedreich's ataxia].
AB  - The electrocardiogram of Friedrich's disease shows pathological findings in all
      examined patients, mostly T-wave inversion. On the other hand cases of abortive
      Friedreich's disease and of cerebellar ataxia Nonne-Marie don't present any
      substantial alteration of ecg. To a minor extent roentgenological findings might
      suggest Friedreich's cardiomyopathy discussed as a possible result of a neuro-myo
      cardiac process.

PMID- 969829
TI  - [Time serial study of orthostatic cardiovascular regulations].
AB  - In a repeated measurement design (16 times during 8 weeks) active orthostasis was
      investigated in a sample of twenty male students, utilizing a tilt table.
      Additional data included cardiovascular and pulmonary tests, psychological
      scales, items from a diary and meterorological data. Analysis of orthostatic time
      series was carried out with hierarchical grouping analysis for heart rate and
      blood pressure. Results indicated three intraindividual patterns of orthostatic
      reaction called normo-, hyper- and hyporeactive. These patterns are independent
      of the known interindividual orthostatic reaction types. Analysis of variance of
      the described patterns revealed differences for physiological and meteorological
      data and some items of the diary. These results have been crossvalidated.

PMID- 969830
TI  - [Tasks and working methods of the oncologic workshop of Heidelberg].

PMID- 969831
TI  - [Working methods and tasks of the oncologic workshop of Ulm].

PMID- 969832
TI  - [Clinical oncology as examplified by the Neuenburg (Switzerland) model].

PMID- 969833
TI  - [Uniform classification of malignant tumors according to the TNM system].

PMID- 969834
TI  - [Functional unit oncology as a consiliary institution in a central hospital].

PMID- 969835
TI  - Anomalies of the biliary duct system.

PMID- 969836
TI  - Combined bronchoscopy.

PMID- 969837
TI  - Supracondylar fractures.

PMID- 969838
TI  - Solitary cold nodules of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 969839
TI  - Dacryohemorrhea: the phenomenon of tears of blood.

PMID- 969840
TI  - Electrical inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 969841
TI  - [New aspects on the pathophysiology of the venous edema].

PMID- 969842
TI  - [Collateral pathways in unilateral pelvic vein thrombosis].

PMID- 969843
TI  - [Venous complications in abdominal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 969844
TI  - [Effect of various sclerosing solutions on blood coagulation parameters in vitro
      and in patients during sclerosing of varicose veins].

PMID- 969845
TI  - [Suitability of epidural block in outpatient varicose vein surgery].

PMID- 969846
TI  - [Direct poststenotic blood pressure determination in the ankle arteries].

PMID- 969847
TI  - Serum cholesterol levels in occlusive and ectatic arterial disease.

PMID- 969848
TI  - [Morphological and cytokinetic studies on the arterial wall following x-ray
      radiation. Cytokinetics at 1000-5000 rad focal radiation in the rabbit].

PMID- 969849
TI  - [Comparison between subjective and ojective evaluation of sucess after lumbar
      symathectomy].

PMID- 969850
TI  - [Lumbar sympathectomy in crural arterial occlusion, specifics of the indication].

PMID- 969851
TI  - [The effect of surgical root decompression in patients with unilateral lumbar
      intervertebral disk prolapse on the muscular blood supply of the lower
      extremity].

PMID- 969852
TI  - [The effect of contrast media on the blood viscosity after catheter angiography].

PMID- 969853
TI  - [Results of reconstructive surgery in renal hypertension].

PMID- 969854
TI  - [Surgical treatment of insufficiency of the perforating leg veins].

PMID- 969855
TI  - [When is a perforating vein insufficient?].

PMID- 969856
TI  - [Practical procedures in acute deep leg vein thrombosis].

PMID- 969857
TI  - [A clinical symptom for the early and differential diagnosis of lymphedema].

PMID- 969858
TI  - [Varicose vein sclerosing in the foot and ankle region].

PMID- 969859
TI  - [Histologic classification of lung cancer].

PMID- 969860
TI  - [Cytologic diagnosis of lung cancer].

PMID- 969861
TI  - [Experience with chemotherapy of lung cancer].

PMID- 969862
TI  - [Prerequisites for effective radiation therapy of lung cancer].

PMID- 969863
TI  - [Results and prospects for combined surgical and antitumor drug therapy of lung
      cancer].

PMID- 969864
TI  - [Lung cancer nomenclature as a basis for chemotherapy].

PMID- 969865
TI  - [Staging and determination of the extent of lung cancer].

PMID- 969866
TI  - [Complex (chemo-radiation) therapy of undifferentiated lung cancer].

PMID- 969867
TI  - [General principles for surgical treatment of lung cancer].

PMID- 969868
TI  - [Acute leukemia among the children of Moscow].

PMID- 969869
TI  - [Prospective avenues for further increasing the effectiveness of radiation
      treatment of oncologic patients].

PMID- 969870
TI  - [Specific inhibition of lymphocytes activated by an antigen in a lymph node
      containing the antigen].

PMID- 969871
TI  - [Condition, problems and tasks of putting Soviet medical terminology in order].

PMID- 969872
TI  - [Approaches to radiation therapy in the treatment of lung cancer].

PMID- 969873
TI  - [Change in the leukomogenic and immunogenic properties of cells of transplanted
      lines obtained from the bone marrow of mice].

PMID- 969874
TI  - [New method of hypothermic organ preservation by transorgan gas perfusion].

PMID- 969875
TI  - [Molecular biology of viruses and chemotherapy of viral infections].

PMID- 969876
TI  - [Several immunologic aspects of a series of hereditary and congenital diseases of
      the bronchopulmonary system].

PMID- 969877
TI  - [Progress in the chemotherapy of lung cancer].

PMID- 969878
TI  - [Isolation and biological characterisitcs of L-forms of cholera vibrios].

PMID- 969879
TI  - [Detection of antibodies to L-forms of typhoid salmonellae in the sera of
      patients and carriers].

PMID- 969880
TI  - [Several forms of bacterial L-forms isolated from the urine of patients with
      chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 969881
TI  - [Use of total protein analysis in polyacrylamide gel as one of the criteria for
      taxonomic differentiation of mycoplasma from L-forms of bacteria].

PMID- 969882
TI  - [Cultivation of mycoplasma in fluid media sterilized with beta-propiolactone].

PMID- 969883
TI  - [Development of methods of assessing the virulence and immunogenicity of M.
      pneumoniae].

PMID- 969884
TI  - [Mycoplasma homis in several inflammatory processes of the human urogenital
      tract].

PMID- 969885
TI  - [Morphology and membrane structures of Mycoplasma hominis and T-mycoplasma].

PMID- 969886
TI  - [Role of mixed mycoplasma-viral infection in viral leukemogenesis].

PMID- 969887
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of the patients of the consultation polyclinic of the
      Central Scientific-Research Dermato-Venereological Institute (CDVI)].

PMID- 969888
TI  - [Classification of psoriatic arthritis].

PMID- 969889
TI  - [Relationship between the state of mast cells and the content of serotonin in the
      skin of patients with disseminated neurodermatitis].

PMID- 969890
TI  - [Certain biochemical and histochemical parallels in psoriasis in middle-aged and
      old persons].

PMID- 969891
TI  - [Functional relationship between the skin and the liver].

PMID- 969892
TI  - [Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa].

PMID- 969893
TI  - [Experimental study of immunity in trichophytosis].

PMID- 969894
TI  - [Study of exacerbation reaction].

PMID- 969895
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the skin in children with scleroderma].

PMID- 969896
TI  - [Scientific-medical information for physicians-cosmetologists].

PMID- 969897
TI  - [Certain aspects of use of dimexide in clinical practice].

PMID- 969898
TI  - [Effect of seasonal factors on the dynamics of psoriasis morbidity].

PMID- 969899
TI  - [Neurogenic etiology of psoriasis].

PMID- 969900
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical course of dermatomycosis in old persons].

PMID- 969901
TI  - [Syphilitic lesions of the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 969902
TI  - [Autoimmune reactions in syphilis and the effect of specific treatment].

PMID- 969903
TI  - [Association of herpes simplex and indurated chancre of the penis].

PMID- 969904
TI  - [Mathematical models of strontium-90 behavior in a "water--fresh-water fish
      spawn" system in several individual cases of radionuclide entry into bodies of
      water].

PMID- 969905
TI  - [Fast fluorimetric assay of chlortetracycline in meat and bone (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Antibiotics in biological materials, including tetracyclines, are determined
      usually be means of microbiological methods. Because of the low specificity and
      the time consuming procedure of the microbiological assays, we developed a
      fluorimetric method, which enables us to determine specifically the tetracyclines
      and to reduce the time for the assay down to 4 hours. Our method is based on the
      determination of tetracyclines published by Kohn (1961), which we modified for
      the determination of chlortetracycline in meat and bone. Tetracyclines are
      fluorescent compounds, whose quantum yields are very much enhanced in most cases
      by forming a complex with Ca2+ ions and by extracting it into an organic solvent.
      This transfer into acetic acid ethylester separates the chlortetracycline from
      interfering substances. The yield of chlortetracycline with the described method
      was about 80%, the sensitivity of the detection was about 0.5 ppm.

PMID- 969906
TI  - [Uptake of mercury by plants (author's transl)].
AB  - The uptake of merkury by plants and animals in the immediate vicinity of a chlor
      alkali plant is determined. Thereby it appeared that plants take up mercury from
      the air and accumulate it in assimilation tissue. Uptake and accumulation of
      mercury are manifested by in vivo experiments.

PMID- 969907
TI  - [GLC-mass-spectrometrical investigation of the volatile components of wines vii.
      Aroma compounds of tokaj aszu wines b) organic acids (author's transl)].
AB  - An inventory of the organic acids detectable by liquid-liquid extraction has been
      made in different Tokaj wines. After the separation of the acidic compounds in
      the aroma extracts using Na2CO3 and after the derivatization with diazomethane 65
      methylester have been separated by gaschromatography and identified by mass
      spectrometry. Using a special fractionation method organic acids, amino acids,
      carbohydrates and phenolic compounds have been isolated in different groups.
      After the derivatization of the components 50 organic acids have been
      quantitatively determined by gaschromatography. The compositions of the acids in
      the wines differ considerably. The quantitative differences are caused by the
      vintages, the method of production and the kind of storage. The possible
      biosynthetic pathways of the various acids are discussed.

PMID- 969908
TI  - [1H-NMR determation of ethanol in wine, winelike beverages, and liquors (author's
      transl)].
AB  - It has been demonstrated that a routinely employed quick test for the
      determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages may be carried out with an
      accuracy of +/- 3% in the region of 0--80 Vol.-% ethanol content.

PMID- 969909
TI  - [Analysis of polysaccharides used as food additives iv. Gaschromatographic
      identification and determination of neutral components in polysaccharide
      hydrolysates (author's transl)].
AB  - The monosaccharides, which are obtained by hydrolytic cleavage of the
      polysaccharid containing stabilisators, can be separated gaschromatographically
      by the way of their aldonitrilacetates. After hydrolysis, the mixtures are
      neutralized by an anion exchanger, evaporated to dryness, converted in pyridin
      with hydroxylamin to the aldoximes and hereafter with acetic anhydride to the
      aldonitrilacetates. Dissolved in chloroform, these compounds are used for
      gaschromatographic separations; only one peak is obtained for each sugar. This is
      a great advantage to the previous methods, where the anomeric constellations lead
      up of five peaks for one sugar compound and for complicated sugar mixture, it
      therefore was difficult to evaluate their gaschromatograms.

PMID- 969910
TI  - [The automated kinetic determination of enzyme activities and constituents of
      plants. 3. Determination of bromelain (author's transl)].
AB  - With bromelain as protease model a kinetic method, capable of automatization, is
      described for the assay of proteolytic activities. The method uses milk protein
      as a substrate. The volume of the test mixture is fixed to 1 ml; the readings are
      performed at 340 nm. With the bromelain preparation used (2 mAnson-U/mg) a linear
      decline of O.D. (deltaA/min) between 5 and 50 mug bromelain/ml is observed. Other
      proteases as well as protease inhibitors may be analyzed by the same method also.

PMID- 969911
TI  - [Acetosulfam, a new sweetener. 1. synthesis and properties (author's transl)].
AB  - A survey is given of synthesis, chemical and physical properties, and hydrolytic
      stability of the new sweetener Acetosulfam (3,4-Dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin
      4-one-2,2 dioxide potassium salt).

PMID- 969912
TI  - A recording differential respirometer.
AB  - A recording differential respirometer capable of micromeasurement of gaseous
      changes is described. The rate of volume change under constant pressure is
      recorded directly. Due to the mechanical nature of the volume measurement, the
      instrument is drift-free. Factors affecting the sensitivity and correction for
      deviation due to change in total volumes are discussed.

PMID- 969913
TI  - [Identification of irradiated onions (author's transl)].
AB  - A method is described by which irradiated onions are identified by failure to
      root formation.

PMID- 969914
TI  - [Separation and quantitative "in situ"-determination of organotin compounds on
      thin layer plates].
AB  - Residues of organotin compounds in feed and food are extracted with isopropanol.
      Clean up by means of a Sephadex LH-20 column and separation of the compounds of
      Kieselgel-G thin layer plates by 4-methyl-pentanone (2)/pyridine/acetic acid
      (97.5 + 1.5 +1) is achieved. Triphenyl- and tricyclohexyltin fungicides are
      quantitatively determined by direct scanning the thin layer plates using a
      chromatogram spectralphotometer.

PMID- 969915
TI  - [Sample survey of smoking habits in the German, French and Romansch speaking
      parts of Switzerland in 1975].
AB  - In a survey of a representative sample of 900 persons in Switzerland (excluding
      the Italian speaking parts comprising some 4-5 percent of the population), the
      smoking habits of the adult population were studied. Smokers were defined as
      persons smoking at least one cigarette or an equivalent weight of pipe tobacco or
      cigars per day. 51.8% of men and 29.0% of women over age 15 are smokers. Among
      male smokers of cigarettes only (42% of all men), over three quarters (77.6%)
      smoke ten cigarettes or more per day, i.e., a quantity found harmful to health;
      over one half (55.8%) smoke twenty or more cigarettes per day. Half of all female
      smokers smoke ten or more cigarettes, more than one in every four female smokers
      (28.8%) smoke twenty or more cigarettes per day. It is calculated that almost two
      thirds of all cigarettes sold in Switzerland are smoked by smokers of twenty or
      more cigarettes per day, and that almost three quarters are smoked by smokers of
      ten or more cigarettes. Among men, smoking habits are independent of social
      status, whereas among women, those with higher family incomes show more frequent
      smoking, but also more widespread cessation of smoking than with lower incomes.
      Thirty percent of adults having been smokers have given up the habit, so that
      among men and women above age 15, theree are now some 20% and 14% respectively,
      of ex-smokers. This corresponds to at least 700,000 former smokers in all of
      Switzerland. The trend to give up starts already in the group aged 15-24 (over
      20% of men and women having ever smoked have given up) and becomes more marked
      with increasing age. A large part of male and female smokers would like to free
      themselves of the habit. 30% of male and 34% of female smokers indicate that they
      had tried seriously to stop smoking during the twelve months preceding the
      interview. Trying to give up was not significantly associated with intensity of
      smoking or social status. According to this survey, a majority of the population
      (57.6%) is in favor of reserving certain parts of restaurants to non-smokers,
      following the example of non-smokers-compartments in railway trains. In a
      situation where a non-smoker asks a co-worker in a closed room not to smoke,
      78.3% take sides with the non-smoker, either by conceding to him a right to smoke
      free air, or by demanding from the smoker to show consideration for the non
      smoker. Only 10.9% demand from the non-smoker understanding for the smoker, or
      concede to the smoker a right to smoke at work. Women show more understanding for
      cause of the non-smoker than men. This difference is more marked among smokers
      and former smokers than among non-smokers. Inasmuch as the results of this study
      are comparable to those of earlier surveys conducted in Switzerland, ther is good
      agreement. The only exception is a significant increase of the proportion of
      former smokers in the past years.

PMID- 969916
TI  - [The use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs in Switzerland].

PMID- 969917
TI  - [Signs of the zodiac and personality].
AB  - 3074 young men resident in the canton of Zurich, representing 50% of the 19 year
      old male population, form the fully representative sample of our large scale
      investigation. We investigated whether personality traits measured by means of
      the differentiated "Freiburger personality inventory" (FPI) could in any way be
      correlated to the signs of the zodiac under which the young men were born. The
      statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation between signs of the zodiac
      and personality. The claim made by astrologers that people can be characterized
      according to their sign of the zodiac (sagitarius, taurus, cancer, scorpion) must
      be refuted. Of course the astrologically founded description of human personality
      does not base itself on the position of the sun only, however the latter does
      form a very essential part of the astrological evaluation of people. This, at any
      rate has been shown to be without any scientific basis. The fact that
      astrological evaluation of human personality is so popular nowadays can be
      explained by the fact that even modern people are inclined towards magical
      thinking.

PMID- 969918
TI  - [Fliess' "Theory of the biorhythms"].

PMID- 969919
TI  - SH Reactivity of cigarette smoke and its correlation with carcinogenic effects on
      hamster lung cultures.
AB  - After hamster lung cultures were exposed repeatedly to puffs of fresh smoke from
      7 types of cigarettes containing variable amounts of particulate and gas vapour
      phase components, atypical growth and/or malignant cell transformation were
      observed within a period of 3-6 months. A positive correlation was demonstrable
      between high SH reactivity and high NO content of the gas vapour phase and
      malignant transformation. There was no positive correlation for the other
      analyzed components of the smoke, including tar content.

PMID- 969920
TI  - [Vaccination schedule for routine vaccinations].

PMID- 969921
TI  - [The quantitative evaluation of alcohol use in German and Western Switzerland].
AB  - Within the scope of a comprehensive study of social mechanisms of the drinking
      habits, a household survey was conducted among the 15 to 74-year-old population
      (sample size: 902). Overall per-capita-consumption figures have been, so far, the
      only available information on drinking in Switzerland. The data collected on
      various dimensions, i.e. quantity, frequency and variability of alcohol intake
      show a wide variety of drinking patterns among the 89% of the population using
      alcohol. Frequency of beer, wine and fermented cider consumption falls mainly
      into the three categories: daily use, up to twice weekly, rarely (once a month or
      less). For hard liquor we found: up to twice weekly, rarely. The Swiss have no
      definite preferences as to wine, beer or other alcoholic beverages. Yet, in the
      French speaking part wine is used significantly...

PMID- 969922
TI  - [Atmospheric allergens].
AB  - Aeromicrobiology techniques allow to determine nature and quantitative
      distribution of atmospheric particles which are capable of inducing an allergic
      reaction. Airborne pollens and seasonal mold spores are the main known
      aeroallergens. Their allergenicity has been clinically and biologically
      demonstrated and is indeed responsible for pathological manifestations in man
      especially within the respiratory tract.

PMID- 969923
TI  - [Air pollution and irritations due to cigarette smoke].
AB  - In a nearly airtight climatic chamber of 30 m3 we studied the air pollution due
      to cigarette smoke as well as resulting irritations and annoyance. When 9 cig/30
      m3 have been smoked, acroleine reaches the threshold limit value for industries;
      when 5 cig/30 m3 have been smoked, the clean air standards for outdoor air are
      exceeded by acroleine, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde. The eyes are the most
      sensitive organ to cigarette smoke, followed by the nose. Annoyance about air
      quality and the wish to open the door or to leave the room proved to be other
      susceptible criteria. With 10 cig/30 m3, 9% of the subjects show a "strong" or
      "very strong" eye irritation, while 78% "wish to leave the room=. The most
      important of the measured irritants seems to be acroleine.

PMID- 969924
TI  - [Air pollution and respiratory tract diseases].

PMID- 969925
TI  - [Effects of air pollution on health].
AB  - Air pollution is composed of a particulate phase and a gaseous phase. The
      particulate phase, consisting of dust and aerosols, is the vehicle of toxic
      pollutants, transporting them into the respiratory tract. The irritants (sulphur
      dioxide, nitrogen oxides, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons) are the most important
      pollutants as regards health; the mucous membranes of the eyes and the
      respiratory tract are mostly affected. Other substances penetrate into the
      organism where they can develop actions harmful to various organs (carbon
      monoxide), generate cancer (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) or attack enzymatic
      systems (lead). Epidemiologic studies have revealed that populations exposed to
      high degrees of air pollution show increased mortality, which is mainly due to
      illnesses of the respiratory tract. Atmospheric pollution can also cause
      sensations of unpleasantness due to irritations of the eyes and the respiratory
      tract, bad odours, and the impairment of visibility and sunlight.

PMID- 969926
TI  - [Air pollution in an industrial environment and occupational diseases].
AB  - Most of the occupational diseases are related to air pollution at the work place.
      The distribution of gases and vapours and their human absorption are briefly
      described. The deposition of particles is a function of their physical
      properties, of the pattern of the respiratory airways and of pulmonary
      ventilation parameters. Several defence mechanisms also play a role. Illustrative
      examples are given of occupational diseases caused by solvents, carbon monoxide,
      metals, dusts (silicosis, asbestosis, pneumoconiosis due to dust of hard metals),
      allergens and carcinogens. The importance of prevention is emphasized.

PMID- 969927
TI  - [Climate and air pollution].
AB  - Climate and air pollution are closely related. On the one hand, the climate is
      more and more influenced, locally as well as globally, by the tremendous
      concentration of pollutants in our atmosphere. Certain elements of the climate
      are, on the other hand, directly responsible for the process of dilution and
      dispersion of pollution emission. Of particular importance is the phenomen of
      ventilation and inversion. The significance of knowing the regional climatic
      peculiarities is presented by ways of a smallspace-example of the ventilation
      existing at the valley of river Aare and of the frequency of inversion existing
      at the Aare-trench situated north of Berne. Such knowledge should increasingly be
      used to influence regional planning, to assist in the determination of the
      position of any important source of pollution and should help to determine the
      selection of suitable living and recreation areas. Unfavorable meteorological
      climatological conditions could aggravate a situation whereby harmless
      concentrations of pollutants could lead locally to critical proportions. For the
      better understanding of the meteorological and climatological processes within
      the lowest 500 m-level of our atmosphere, an increased effort of research should
      be considered in this connection. Through the use of improved data processing in
      connection with more closely meshed measuring networks, and of automatic
      recording facilities, as well as through the increased use of physical models,
      the problem of immission in our heavily valleyed country could be investigated
      more thoroughly.

PMID- 969928
TI  - [Epidemiology of chronic bronchitis].
AB  - In this short paper, the definition of chronic bronchitis, as it is now widely
      accepted by epidemiologists, is given and a comparison is made with the disease
      as usually referred to by general practitioners. Risk factors which are related
      to the development of the disease are then briefly discussed and the importance
      of internal parameters is underlined. At last, the methodological difficulties
      which arise in the assessment of the relationship between air pollution and
      respiratory symptoms are emphasized.

PMID- 969929
TI  - [Experimental studies on nutrient retention in the calf during fattening].

PMID- 969930
TI  - [Olaquindox--a new growth promoting feed additive. II. Effect on the performance
      in swine fattening].

PMID- 969931
TI  - [Energy and protein supply of the fattening swine].

PMID- 969932
TI  - Chemical composition of the edible part of swine carcass as a measure of quality.

PMID- 969933
TI  - [Studies on the energy metabolism in the fattening calfs--retention and
      utilization of the bipartite liquid feed].

PMID- 969934
TI  - Metabolism in rumen epithelium oxidation of substrates and formation of ketone
      bodies by pieces of rumen epithelium.

PMID- 969935
TI  - [An analysis of the nitrogen metabolism of monogastric organisms and at the same
      time a biological evaluation of food protein quality].

PMID- 969936
TI  - [Development of an ileal diversion cannula in the pig].

PMID- 969937
TI  - [Intestinal zinc absorption after intravenous zinc injection in various amounts
      and after various time intervals].

PMID- 969938
TI  - [Magnesium absorption by the rumen mucosa in sheep].

PMID- 969939
TI  - The effect of two different ways of quantitative partitioning of the feed on
      weight gain, carcass composition and serum insulin level in growing-fattening
      pigs.

PMID- 969940
TI  - [Effect of zinc deficiency in dairy cows on FSH and LH blood content. Zinc
      metabolism in animal body].

PMID- 969941
TI  - [Extracorporeal tumor surgery in bilateral kidney carcinoma].

PMID- 969942
TI  - [Vesicocervical fistula after cesarean section].

PMID- 969943
TI  - [Conservative treatment of duodenal and colonic fistulas after kidney surgery].

PMID- 969944
TI  - [Simultaneous surgery on the right kidney and gallbladder].

PMID- 969945
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of horseshoe kidney. Report on an 18-year-long
      experience].

PMID- 969946
TI  - [Ureteral rupture in blunt abdominal trauma in childhood].

PMID- 969947
TI  - [Effectiveness of antitubercular chemotherapy in calcifying tuberculous kidney
      processes].

PMID- 969948
TI  - [Treatment of patients with urinary calculi in our work field].

PMID- 969949
TI  - [Excretion of calcium and uric acid in patients with urinary calculi].

PMID- 969950
TI  - [Epidemiological analysis of significant bacteriuria during 4-year period (1967
      1970)].

PMID- 969951
TI  - [Lymphographic studies in urology].

PMID- 969952
TI  - [Influence of the family on the attitudes of children to the demand for alcoholic
      drinks].

PMID- 969953
TI  - [State of health and patient turnover among persons of preretirement and pension
      ages in some populated centers of Irkutsk Province].

PMID- 969954
TI  - [Sanatorium-health resort treatment is an important factor in strengthening the
      health of the population].

PMID- 969955
TI  - [Time budget structure of medical institute postgraduates].

PMID- 969956
TI  - [Effect of social, living and hygienic conditions on the physical development of
      the pupils of vocational and technical schools].

PMID- 969957
TI  - [Implementation of the safety concept in the practice of approval procedure for
      nuclear energy establishments].

PMID- 969959
TI  - [Checking of technical work devices].

PMID- 969958
TI  - [Early forms of skeletal changes after excess pressure exposition in animal
      experiment and x-ray control in workers with compressed air].

PMID- 969960
TI  - [Experiences in the technical safety monitoring of a large construction plot].

PMID- 969961
TI  - [Practical experiences in the education of safety engineers].

PMID- 969962
TI  - [Prevention of explosions - new findings and new directions].

PMID- 969963
TI  - [Future design of the driver space in railroad cars -- example of a practical
      ergonomical problem solving].

PMID- 969964
TI  - [Formaldehyde and formic acid level in the blood and urine of people following
      previous exposition to formaldehyde].

PMID- 969965
TI  - [System safety through planned maintenance].

PMID- 969966
TI  - [Electric accidents while using electric hand tools and working with the electric
      equipment of processing and manufacturing machinery].

PMID- 969967
TI  - [First aid in electric injuries].

PMID- 969968
TI  - [Systems safety in a large chemical concern].

PMID- 969969
TI  - [The analysis of the solvents formamide and monomethylformamide in the ink of
      felt-tipped pens].

PMID- 969970
TI  - [Reconstruction surgery in post-traumatic constrictions and stenoses of the main
      bronchi].

PMID- 969971
TI  - [Leiomyomas and fusiform neuromas as intramural tumors of the thoracic oesophagus
      (author's transl)].
AB  - On the 2nd Surgical Department of Vienna, only 2.61% of all resected oesophageal
      tumors are leiomyomas and fusiform neuromas Contrary to the opinion of the most
      other authors, fusiform neuromas are predominating in our cases. This fact could
      be explained by the exact histological evaluation which strictly follows the
      instructions published by Feyrter. The patients are young or middle-aged and
      suffer from dysphageal and pulmonal troubles. Indication for operation is not
      only founded on the clinical symptoms, but also on the possibility of a malign
      character of the tumour. Intramural tumours of the thoracical oesophagus should
      be ennucleated via a transpleural thoracotomy by preserving the mucoseal tube.
      Differential diagnosis and clinical experiences are resumed and discussed.

PMID- 969972
TI  - [Method and technique of experimental autotransplantation of a lung and a lung
      lobe].
AB  - The authors have accumulated an experience of 350 canine autotransplantations of
      a lung and its lobe. The peculiarities of the operative technique are described,
      and special emphasis is laid on its technical details that largely determine the
      success of a lung autotransplantation. The described method and technique permit
      the performance of orthotopic autotransplantation of a whole lung and of its
      lobe, and of heterotopic autotransplantation of the lower lobe of the right lung
      into the left pleural cavity in place of a removed lower lobe or whole lung. The
      first stage of autotransplantation of a lung or its lobe consists in applying an
      atrio-venous or venous anastomosis and that of the pulmonary artery with
      continuous U-shaped eversion sutures, with a re-establishment of the circulation,
      thus reducing the period of lung ischaemia. Upon restoring the blood flow in the
      lung, a bronchial anastomosis is applied with interrupted or continuous sutures,
      and the ventilation is restored. The vascular and bronchial anastomoses are
      applied with synthetic suture material (Orsylon) on atraumatic needles. The
      extensive experience of the authors in long-term follow-up of the animals after
      transplantation (up to 5 years) demonstrates that the described technique and
      method of lung autotransplantation ensures good competence and patency of the
      vascular and bronchial anastomoses, without any stenoses observed in the late
      postoperative period. As shown by histological examinations, the inflammatory
      reaction around the suture material is minimal.

PMID- 969973
TI  - [Retrocardial neurofibrosarcoma].

PMID- 969974
TI  - [Implantation technic for myocardial screw-electrodes under local anesthesia].

PMID- 969975
TI  - [The anterior tibial syndrome].

PMID- 969976
TI  - [Valgus deformity of the femoral neck after nailing of infantile femoral shaft
      fractures (author's transl)].
AB  - In 6 patients out of 29 who had suffered fractures of the femoral shaft at childs
      age and were treated mainly by open nailing, considerable growth disturbances of
      the major trochanter and valgus deformities of the neck of the femur had been
      observed in check-ups. The origin and prevention of these complications in
      nailing and nailremoval are discussed.

PMID- 969977
TI  - [Necrotizing enterocolitis in babies (author's transl)].
AB  - Newborns and babies weakened in their resistance will mainly be affected with
      necrotizing enterocolitis. A conservative therapy is principally applied. It is
      only by increasing signs of peritonitis or caused by perforation of the intestine
      that laparotomy is required. A report is presented on 11 babies with surgical
      therapy and the kind of operative procedure applied. 6 of these babies were
      cured.

PMID- 969978
TI  - [The reconstruction of inflammatory biliary duct stenoses by using a ring
      drainage (author's transl)].
AB  - In treating the inflammatory closures and stenoses of the biliary ducts
      surgically, the bilio-biliary and bilio-digestive anastomoses were splinted by
      inserting an annular drainage. In this way it was possible to ensure the bileflow
      into the intestine and to prevent recurrent stenoses. The ring-drainage is
      suggested to be kept for 2 years at least. In our experience this method has been
      validated in 13 patients. Therefore it is recommended for use in reconstructive
      operations with inflammatory obstructions of the biliary tract.

PMID- 969979
TI  - [Choledochus cysts and their complications in childhood].

PMID- 969980
TI  - [Severe kidney injury caused by seat belts].

PMID- 969981
TI  - [Indications and dangers of osteosynthesis in childhood].

PMID- 969982
TI  - [Treatment of open fractures in childhood].

PMID- 969983
TI  - [Hydrostatic desinvagination].

PMID- 969984
TI  - [Invagination ileus in childhood. I. 15-year study].

PMID- 969985
TI  - [Invagination ileus in childhood. II. Conservative reposition treatment].

PMID- 969986
TI  - [Endovesical electric stimulation of neurogenic bladder-emptying disorders in
      myelodysplasias].

PMID- 969987
TI  - [Open traumatic hip-joint dislocation and simultaneous femoral fracture in
      childhood].

PMID- 969988
TI  - [Urethral prolapse in girls].

PMID- 969989
TI  - [Pediculate urinary bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in an infant].

PMID- 969990
TI  - [Significance of policlinical surgery for ambulatory care].

PMID- 969991
TI  - [Ambulatory surgery].

PMID- 969992
TI  - [Planning of surgical and policlinical departments].

PMID- 969993
TI  - [Reconstruction and minimal equipment of ambulatory working places].

PMID- 969994
TI  - [Local anesthesia in ambulatory surgery].

PMID- 969995
TI  - [Problems of narcosis in a surgical policlinic].

PMID- 969996
TI  - [Recognition of the spontaneous pneumothorax as an industrial accident].

PMID- 969997
TI  - [Current organizational and clinical aspects of sterility and infertility].
AB  - It is reported about an organizational plan for more intensity in the field of
      medical care and research of sterility and infertility. Diagnosis and therapy of
      sterility should be carried out within a high specialised centre. General
      practitioner and gynecologist in general and clinical practice of the territory
      have to accomplish important problems in prophylaxis and metaphylaxis of
      sterility and infertility.

PMID- 969998
TI  - [Treatment of functional sterility using Clostylbegyt].
AB  - Report of 39 patients suffering from functional sterility, having been treated
      with Clostylbegyt. Under analysis were the age of the patients, complications
      during therapy, time of ovulation and the effect of the drug on several ovarian
      caused difficulties of conception. Controlling examinations as well as the
      pregnancies obtained and their progress were discussed.

PMID- 969999
TI  - [Behavior of heparinocytes and of fibrinolytic degradation products after
      discontinuation of hormonal contraceptives].
AB  - After cessation of hormonal contraception a quick adaptation of the heparinocyte
      values to the normal menstrual phase course appears, but the values occur at a
      higher level. Fibrinolytic split products in the blood are really elevated nearly
      without exception in the first 4 to 6 weeks after ceasing of hormonal
      contraception. Foremost after the first spontaneous menstrual bleeding they are
      at a normal level.

PMID- 970000
TI  - [Changes of the endometrium during oral hormonal contraception with ethinyl
      estradiol sulfonate and norethisterone acetate or d-noregestrel].
AB  - 48 fertile women took in three weeks 1 mg ethinylestradiolsulfonate weekly and in
      the 4th week 10 mg norethisterone acetate, respectively d-norgestrel in different
      dosages (0,5 mgs, 1,0 mgs, 1,5 mgs or 3,0 mgs). On this 48 women 69 abrasiones
      were made between the first and 37th treatment cycles in order to estimate the
      endometrium. Ethinylestradiolsulfonate caused for the most part a proliferation
      of endometrium, which reached to a glandulare cystic hyperplastic endometrium. We
      did not observe a reduction of the endometrial respond to this depot-estrogen in
      dependence on the time of taking. Norethisterone acetate and d-norgestrel
      effected on a different proliferated endometrium a secretory transfer mation
      always.

PMID- 970001
TI  - [Specific changes of the uterine cervix due to contraceptives].
AB  - A group of 344 cervices, produced by conisation within a period of 5 1/2 years,
      were examined for specific effects of contraceptives. In half of all women, who
      used oral contraceptives, specific lesions such as "siebartige polypoide
      Hyperplasie" (cribriform polypoid hyperplasia) were found. The findings and their
      etiology and importance are discussed.

PMID- 970002
TI  - [Capacity of a gynecologic ambulatory-care unit for the early diagnosis of cervix
      carcinoma with the inclusion of cytodiagnosis].

PMID- 970003
TI  - [Methods of intrauterine pressure measurements in non-pregnant women].
AB  - It is described a method of measurement of intrauterine pressure with perfusion
      of catheter by nonpregnant women. It is possible to prevent arteficial
      disturbances on account of obstruction of catheter.

PMID- 970004
TI  - [Vaginal rupture with prolapse of the small intestine].
AB  - We report on a case of recidival rupture of an enterocele with vaginal rupture
      and incarceration of small bowel. This event was probably caused by an extreme
      insufficiency of the patient's connective tissue. In literature four similar
      cases have been reported.

PMID- 970005
TI  - [Relations hip between placental weight and age, family characteristics, parity
      and activity of the mother as well as the weight or maturity and sex of the
      newborn infant]?1?H.
AB  - An investigation of the correlation of the placental weights of 500 unselected
      live-born babies delivered after a gestation period of 33 weeks at the minimum
      and 42 weeks at the maximum, respectively, with age, family status parity, and
      mother's occupation, as well as with the weight, maturity, and sex of the
      neonates yielded the following results: 1. Between primiparae, secundiparae, and
      multiparae, working and housewife mothers, workers, farmerettes, women doing
      other jobs, and academically trained women, eutrophic mature and hypertrophic
      mature neonates, and newly born male and female babies there was observed a
      roughly similar frequency of the generally accepted "normal weight of placenta"
      of 400 g to 600 g and no significance of minor differences in frequency,
      respectively. 2. The high incidence of mothers aged 20 and less in the "normal
      placental weight group" of 400 g to 600 g compared to 21- to 30-year-old and 31-
      to 35-year-old mothers was not found to be significant. 3. The high incidence of
      unmarried mothers in the "normal placental weight group" of 400 g to 600 g
      compared to married mothers is not significant, the higher incidence of premature
      labor in unmarried women being due possibly, not to the weight of placenta, but
      rather primiparity, age under 20, and social class. 4. The higher frequency in
      the placental weight group up to and including 400 g of married compared to
      unmarried mothers, primiparae compared to secundiparae, primiparae and
      secundiparae compared to multiparae, working mothers compared to housewife
      mothers, and workers and farmerettes compared to both women doing other types of
      jobs and academically trained women was not found to be significant.

PMID- 970006
TI  - [Low weight and endangering of multiple birth infants].
AB  - Multiple pregnancy represents a high risk to the survival of fetuses since
      insufficient nutrition frequently results in hypotrophic development and low
      birth weight. The frequency of the occurrence of low birth weight in children
      from a multiple birth is 10 times higher than in all newborn children and the
      early noenatal mortality of children froma multiple birth is 8 times higher than
      that of all newborn infants. The disproportion between the placenta and the
      fetuses which we usually find in multiple pregnancies may result in the
      occurrence of cerebral damage. In the period 1965 to 1967 perinatal death
      associated with cerebral damage by birth injury (recorded on the death
      certificate) accounted for 5,7% of all children of low birth weight and for 0,2%
      of children weighing at birth over 2500 g.

PMID- 970007
TI  - [Histological diagnosis in aspiration curettage].
AB  - The techniques and diagnostic accuracies for histologic sampling of endometrial
      tissue after suction curettage performed on 161 patients are discussed. In 90% no
      tissue was retrieved by sharp curettage after suction curettage. Tissues with
      higher consistence like polyps were obtained only for 50%. However, it will be
      expected, that Crumbling tissues of cancer will be obtained.

PMID- 970008
TI  - [Effect of diuresis on the results of quantitative estrogen- and HCG
      determinations].
AB  - Investigations on the influence of the diuresis effect upon the results of
      quantitative oestrogen and HCG determinations revealed that the oestrogen values
      increase with the 24-hour amount of urine. Oliguria and polyuria affect oestrogen
      excretion to a considerable extent; they have to be taken into account in
      prenatal diagnosis of pregnancy. Comparative HCG checks show that HCG
      concentration also varies considerable depending on fluid excretion. Diagnostic
      errors can be diminished or avoided when the quantitative HCG assessment is made
      on the 24-hour urine and then referred to the whole amount of urine.

PMID- 970009
TI  - [Determination of L-cystine aminopeptidase (serum oxytocinase, EC 3.4.1.2) during
      normal pregnancy].
AB  - It is given a method to the determination of cystine aminopeptidase activity in
      the serum in pregnancies. A time of few minutes is necessary for one
      determination. The determination is performed with a spectralphotometer or with
      the Reaction Rate Analyzer (LKB 8600) in using the chromogen substance 1-cystine
      bis p-nitroanilide. This substance is solved in dimethylformamide. The normaly
      range of the 8th to the 41 th week of pregnancy is determinated in a number of
      453. In twins the values were higher. The cystine aminopeptidase is nearly
      specifically in pregnancies and is produced in the plazenta. It is a statement of
      cellulary activity in the plazenta.

PMID- 970010
TI  - [Hierdence of X-chromatin post partum].
AB  - Determinations of the X-chromatin frequency in buccal smears were performed in 33
      pregnant women at the day before delivery and daily for seven days thereafter. In
      23 women with a spontaneous delivery there was a statistically significant drop
      in the X-chromatin frequency after delivery being lowest on the second day. On
      the fifth day the X-chromatin frequency had reached the predelivery level. In 10
      women with operative delivery by cesarean section and hormonal suppression of
      lactation no such changes in the X-chromatin-frequency have been noted.

PMID- 970011
TI  - [Automatic tocography using the Cardiff infusion system under cardiotocographic
      control with the fetal monitor BMT 504].
AB  - Clinical results of the induction of labour by means of the Cardiff-equipment.
      The fetal monitor BMT-504 (VEB Kombinat Mebgeratewerk Zwonitz) has been used as
      cardiotocographic control unit. Labour has been induced with oxytocin (n = 38) or
      methyloxytocin (n = 30). 50 deliveries, which where induced by means of
      intravenous oxytocin infusion enables to be comparate the results. Using the
      automatic infusion the average induction-delivery interval was 4 hours 14
      minutes, the average dosage of tocergic drugs was 2 IW oxytocin or 20 mug
      methyloxytocin. Using oxytocin for labour induction we found an increase in
      obstetric operative frequency caused by fetal distress. There where an increase
      in basal tone of uterine activity in this patients. Therefore we recommend
      methyloxytocin for the labour induction of high risk pregnancies. The safety
      factors, which are incorporated in the Cardiff-equipment have many advantages in
      obstetrical routine work, to determine fetal distress at an earlier stage. The
      results presented show that with this automatic infusion system labour can
      induced with even greater efficiency and safety. The equipment is very useful in
      accordance to the continuous increasing number of planned deliveries.

PMID- 970012
TI  - [Screening for diabetes within the scope of prenatal care].
AB  - 9482 pregnant women searched for the Department of Prenatale Care of the town
      Karl-Marx-Stadt between 1968 and 1972. Obesity were found in 6, 2 p.c.,
      glycosuria in 5, 1 p.c., a history of diabetes with glycosuria in 0,5 p.c. and
      obesity with gylcosuria in 0,5 p.c. The perinatale mortality rate was heightened
      only in the last group (3,7 p.c.) 51 prediabetic pregnant women were found in
      these five years by sugar screening. Eight women developed a White class A nad
      four women a White class B diabetes between 3 and 7 years later.

PMID- 970013
TI  - [Outline for the control of the course of fetal growth].
AB  - In a synoptic schema are presented the percentiles curves of the biparietal
      diameter, the sum of the sagittal and transversal thoracic diameter and the fetal
      weight (Lubchenco modif.). To attain the percentiles curves of the ultrasonic
      parameters we applied 5400 mensurations of the biparietal diameter and 1300
      mensurations of the thorax. In the diagram are published the percentiles P 10, P
      25, P 50, P 75, P 90. It is possible to diagnose a divergence between the
      cephalic and thoracic growth (dystrophia, hypertrophia) and estimate the
      gestation weeks.

PMID- 970014
TI  - [Transformation of secretory cylindrial cells into ciliar cells in the epithelium
      of the human uterine cervix (functional transformation of highly differentiated
      cells)].
AB  - By electron microscopical investigations of the cylindrical epithelium of the
      human cervix uteri we could show that in ciliar cells a regeneration of ciliars
      is possible. There is a discussion about the question whether the pinching off of
      ciliars is the beginning of a transformation process into a secretory cell. The
      functional change of secretory cells to ciliar cells becomes obvious by the
      existence of so-called granulo-filamentary bodies in the cytoplasm of ciliar
      cells. These bodies grow by a granulo-filamentary transformation of secretory
      granules. As these granulo-filamentary bodies do not take place in the extrusion
      process but stay in the cytoplasm they may thus be used as an indicator which
      shows the finished transformation process of a secretory cell into a ciliar cell.

PMID- 970015
TI  - [A Czechoslovak injection-contraceptive agent administered once a month].
AB  - During a 20-month period, 26 women aged 38 years on the average (27 to 45 years)
      received single intramuscular injections of a combination, containing 60 mg of
      Superlutin caproate plus 10 mg of oestradiol valerate in 1 ml of oily solution,
      at 4-week intervals as a contraceptive. Altogether 255 cycles were checked. In 6
      cycles, minor accessory bleeding occurred, mostly in younger women. No undesired
      pregnancy took place. Under the name Lutofollin, the injections were prepared at
      the Research Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry in Prague. The preparation
      is especially suitable for women aged 30 to 45 years, as well as for those
      intolerant to oral hormonal contraceptives.

PMID- 970016
TI  - [Studies on the increase in the incidence of endometrial and ovarian in cancer in
      Czechoslovakia during 1960-1973].
AB  - During the time period of the last 12 years the incidence of the endometrium
      carcinoma in the whole CSSR rised to 155,5% in the consideration of the incidence
      in the years 1961 to 1963. In the same time period the incidence of the ovarial
      carcinoma has grown up to 117,8% only, what seems to be still in the limits of
      average incidence shift of all female malignancies in the CSSR (117,1%). The
      rising incidence of endometrium carcinoma affects primarily the elderly women,
      but testiefies also that this malignancy is among them today much more frequent.
      Therefore the rising incidence cannot be explained only as a manifestation of
      elderly of the female population. In agreement with this reality the endometrium
      carcinoma is today diagnosed significantly more frequently also among the younger
      women (at least since 40 years of age). The totals of all endometrium carcinomas
      rised even more than incidence. The gynaecologists meet today 162% of such
      malignancies in comparison with the numbers in the years 1961-1963. It means that
      in the whole CSSR yearly 500 endometrium carcinomas more are diagnosed than
      before 12 years. The incidence of cervix carcinoma dropped during the same period
      significantly and the endometrium carcinoma became therefore nearly as frequent
      as cervical malignancy (1:1,2). Possible reasons of these frequency changes are
      discussed.

PMID- 970017
TI  - [Organization of the early diagnosis of the carcinoma corporis uteri].
AB  - The problems in early diagnosis of endometrial cancers are not sufficiently
      solved. Only atypical bleeding with subsequent curettage will result in success.
      At this time progredient carcinomas are frequent and the chance of recovery is
      small. Therefore a screening program of early diagnosis by small biopsy is
      developed and clinically proved.

PMID- 970018
TI  - [Marsupialization with insertion of an IUD for the treatment of cysts and
      abscesses of Bartholin's gland].

PMID- 970019
TI  - [Hygienic and bacteriological comparative studies in 50 hospitals. II. The role
      of staff in the distribution of pathogenic organisms in surgical wards (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Before hygienic measures are recommended to a hospital it is absolutely necessary
      for the source of infection and the paths of infection - both possible and to be
      expected - to be clearly established. In order to be able to evaluate the paths
      of spread, one of the basic prerequisites would be to carry out examinations with
      a view to determining the number of persons who are carriers of pathogenic germs.
      To this effect, bacteriological samples of the right hand, the skin at the
      forehead/hairline, the coat in the area of the navel and the throat were taken
      from the nursing staff in surgical wards in 50 different hospitals. At the same
      time details of hand disinfection and hand drying were collected by questioning
      and local inspection. In at least one of the 4 swabs from 72 persons (= 38%) and
      in two or more swabs from 26 persons (= 14%). Staph. aureus was detected. The
      hair was the most contaminated area, followed by the coat and hands, while the
      throat was the least contaminated zone. To prevent pathogenic germs being spread
      by hand, alcohol-containing preparations were prevalently used (in 79% of the
      wards inspected). The hygienic hand disinfection was inadequate in 53% of the
      surgical wards. In four wards the hands were washed with soap exclusively. 35% of
      the surgical wards used common towels and disposable towels were used almost as
      frequently. In the remaining cases common and disposable towels were employed
      simultaneously. Storage of the used and unused disposable towels was in the main
      unsatisfactory. In view of the conditions met with in the various hospitals,
      proper hand disinfection must be insisted on, i.e. the hands must first be
      disinfected with a tested preparation and then washed, as may be required. If
      time plays a major role, alcohol-containing preparations should be used. Towels
      for common use must no longer be available in hospitals because they are
      important carriers of pathogenic germs.

PMID- 970020
TI  - [Hygienic and bacteriological comparative studies in 50 hospitals. III. The
      efficacy of sterilization (author's transl)].
AB  - As part of an investigation carried out in 50 hospitals we particularly checked
      the sterilisers available for proper functioning and correct operation. The work
      group examined 461 sterilisation programmes in 338 sterilisation units (176
      autoclaves, 153 hot-air apparatus and 9 ethylene oxide units) during the daily
      routine operation. The group carried out biological and physical inspections and
      carefully recorded the faults and deficiencies detected during the sterilisation
      procedure. It was found that only in 22% of the hospitals was a proper
      functioning and correct operation of all the sterilising units in use ensured.
      Technical faults and errors in operating the equipment and especially in the
      loading in 23% of the programmes prevented sterility. Almost 50% of the hot-air
      sterilisers and about a quarter of the autoclaves fail to produce a consistent
      satisfactory effect. The incidence of errors which occurred with ethylene oxide
      sterilisation cannot be generalised, since only a limited number of units were
      checked. A breakdown by functional areas and wards indicates that serious errors
      occur not only in the centralised large units but also in little-used small
      autoclaves in peripheral areas. A comparison with the literature shows that our
      results do not differ to any appreciable extent from those obtained by other
      workers, over the last twenty years. Here systematic inspections by external
      control authorities could improve the situation within a few years. Regular
      inspections to be carried out by the hospitals themselves using modern test
      methods are necessary, and need internal record-keeping. In spite of this, we
      cannot at present do without external inspections. We pin our hopes mainly in
      regular and thorough expert training of the staff and on much closer cooperation
      between hospital and hygienist.

PMID- 970021
TI  - [On the hazards of nosocomial infections in dental treatment areas (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Using a standardized method of obtaining bacterial counts of surfaces by
      superficial application and subsequent incubation of agar lamina, density and
      kind of bacteria present were examined in treatment areas of both individual
      dentists praxis and of dental poli-clinics. The results obtained showed, that 1.
      typical bacteria of hospital infections (Micrococcus aureus, Klebsiella) were
      present in only small numbers in both individual dental praxis or in clinical
      dental treatment areas. 2. the medium level of contamination was higher in the
      average individual dental praxis than in comparable clinical dental areas. 3. the
      increase in bacterial contamination in the course of the daily treatmentperiod
      was considerably more pronounced in the individual praxis as compared to clinics.
      4. the following must be considered as especially liable to contaminated by
      bacteria: towels used by several persons, the head of the dental turbine, the
      support of the suction device, the patient head rest, the height control bar of
      the dental chair, the instrument tray, the operating lamp and working garments.

PMID- 970022
TI  - [Test for the efficacy of disinfectants at surfaces in test models. I.
      (communication:) Dependence of experimental results on the method of
      demonstration of surviving germs (swab and rinsing) (author's transl)].
AB  - For the testing of disinfectants at surfaces, the germs having survived at the
      surface are demonstrated by means of swabs according to the guide-lines of the
      Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM): after the period of
      exposure to the disinfectant, the surfaces were rubbed off with a damp swab, and
      the frictional surface of the swab was plated out on nutrient agar. The
      effectiveness of this technique was compared with the effectiveness of a rinsing
      method in a test model. In the rinsing process, the objects to be tested for
      surviving germs were shaken together with a suspension and with glass beads. Then
      the content of germs in the suspension was quantitatively determined by means of
      dilution tests and pour plates. The findings were evaluated according to the
      guide-lines for evaluation of the DGHM (less than or equal to 10 surviving germs
      = adequate efficacy). For the findings obtained by rinsing, the average number of
      surviving germs was also determined. For maldehyde solutions were used as
      disinfectants for the test models (time of exposure: 4 hours; temperature 22 to
      25 degrees C). These disinfecting experiments were performed on raw smoothed as
      well as on varnished beech-wood. The experimental results showed that the
      criterion "less than or equal to X surviving germs" in itself does not mean clear
      evidence of the efficacy of a disinfectant. The one and only decisive criterion
      is the frequency of the statement that a certain disinfectant or a corresponding
      dilution of this disinfectant has shown adequate efficacy. Therefore, one single
      test according to the guide-lines of the DGHM is insufficient. The frequency of
      the finding "adequate efficacy" is not only dependent on the concentration of the
      disinfectant but also on the technique used for the demonstration of surviving
      germs. The swab method (according to the guide-lines of the DGHM) occasionally
      resulted in the finding "adequate efficacy" already if 10(4) to 10(5) surviving
      germs were demonstrable by the rinsing method. The range of formaldehyde
      concentrations for which the finding of adequate efficacy were present with a
      frequency between 20% (minimum) and 80% (maximum) amounted to 0.2-0.5% (varnished
      surface) and 1.1-2.5% (raw surface), respectively for the swab method. The
      respective figures for the rinsing method were 0.8-1.3% and 4.8-6.5%,
      respectively. When using the swab method, there is a slower increase in the
      efficacy of the disinfectant with concentration as compared with the rinsing
      method. The rinsing method is, therefore, more representative of the efficacy of
      a disinfectant than the swab method. On account of the results of this study, it
      is recommended for model experiments to recover the surviving germs
      quantitatively by the rinsing method and to determine their number.

PMID- 970023
TI  - [Studies on the reappearing of a bacterial flora in drinking water after
      ozonization (author's transl)].
AB  - The use of ozone as a drinking water disinfectant is increasing. As opposed to
      the commonly used chlorine the disinfecting activity of ozone cannot be sustained
      in the water during the distribution process, and as a result recontamination and
      bacterial growth are not adequately under control. Information about the safety
      margins of this disinfecting procedure was obtained in experiments simulating the
      working conditions of a water plant including supply system. After treatment with
      1.5 mg O3/1 water, specimens with no detectable remanent ozone were found to
      remain sterile for at least one month. However, during the passage of a pipeline
      of 1200 m length recontamination with and considerable growth of microorganisms
      was observed. After inoculating water sterilized by ozone with a normal
      population of water bacteria, the bacterial growth was more pronounced than in
      similar experiments with heat-sterilized water of the same origin. This may be an
      indication that the breakdown products of organic water contaminants (e.g. humic
      acid) - resulting from the ozone treatment - are better nutrients for the water
      bacteria than the original organic substances themselves.

PMID- 970024
TI  - [The use of an enzyme-kinetic-method for bacteriological examinations of heavy
      polluted surface waters (author's transl)].
AB  - The greatest fraction of nutrients dissolved in water are organic substances
      which are decomposed, transformed and mineralized by heterotrophic
      microorganisms. For this reason, investigations concerning energy transfer in an
      aquatic ecosystem, or practical examinations of the pollution load of surface
      waters, cannot be set up when based exclusively on more or less good counts of
      microorganisms of the production or destruction group. Above all, it is important
      for heterotrophic bacteria that productivity parameters for these numerical
      estimations are also provided. PARSON and STRICKLAND were successful in measuring
      the uptake of organic material in waters with uptake-kinetic methods; HOBBIE and
      WRIGHT developed a method for measuring the uptake of marked test-substrates in
      certain concentration ranges. As a result, for these substrates it was possible
      to measure the turnover in natural populations. Consequently, after frequent
      improvement of the technique in determining the decomposition rates of individual
      organic substrates, a way was found not only to determine static descriptions of
      an aquatic biotope, but also to make possible a dynamic description of nutrient
      transfers. The kinetic parameters computed from these measurements are: the
      maximum uptake velocity (Vmax), the turnover velocity (Tt) and the transport
      constant (Kt) (Michaelis Constant). The maximum uptake velocity of a substrate
      can be regarded as the "heterotrophic capacity" of the biotope for this
      substrate. One restriction is, however, that only quickly assimilatable
      substrates can be used, as for example hexoses, organic acids, amino acids, etc.
      Since this technique was tested practically only in oligotrophic waters, this
      study undertakes to investigate its applicability in polluted biotopes and to
      answer the question whether a decomposition gradient is reflected in the kinetic
      data. A small eutrophic lake in the eastern section of the Holstein Lake District
      (350 ha, 9.5 m mean water depth) was chosen as the test biotope. Emptying into
      the lake was the runoff of a biological water treatment plant with 12,000
      population equivalents and without notable business and industry. In a
      rectangular investigation area at first with 30 sampling stations positioned
      close to the outlet of the water treatment plant into the lake, kinetic tests
      were carried out in 48 hour intervals and then compared with bacteriological,
      chemical and meteorological sample results taken at the same time. Two typical
      result-blocks are illustrated (Fig. 1-4, 5-8). The first shows four successive
      test days with periodically strong wind and light to fairly strong but short
      periods of precipitation. The second block illustrates conditions during a
      following period of fair weather with only very light wind intensities. The
      corresponding conditions of the stratification of the drainage water in the
      investigation area are illustrated by the distribution of coliform organisms. In
      two other tables the kinetic parameters and individual, dominant data are
      contrasted numerically...

PMID- 970025
TI  - [Microcalorimetric investigations in polluted surface waters (author's transl)].
AB  - The hygienic control of polluted surface waters has to be correlated with
      measurements of the decomposition rate of heterotrophic microbial populations.
      Starting in 1970 different methods have been tested for this purpose.
      Uptakekinetic studies of radioactive labelled substrates as well as automated BOD
      registrations can not be handled as flow systems. Flow-Microcalorimetry (heat
      conduction-principle) could be an easier approach to test the activity of
      heterotrophic aquatic populations. Probes from a trickling-filter outflow, from
      an oxidation pond and from a small river were tested simultaneously in a Flow
      Microcalorimeter (LKB, 2107, Fig. 1) and a Drop-Microcalorimeter (WADSO, 1974
      (fig. 2)) after adding 200 mug/L of Glucose. The resulting voltage/timecurves
      (Fig. 4,5,6) show a good correlation to the heterotrophic capacity of the probes.
      The minimal detectable continnous heat effect was 1 muW corresponding to a
      (relative) activity of 5.6-10(4) bacterial colonies/ml on Difco agar (counts
      after 48 hours incubation at 22 degrees C incubation temperature). A modification
      of the Flow-Microcalorimeter using a 5-10 times larger reaction vessel could
      enable the system to be used also in testing scarcely polluted surface waters and
      for toxicity tests of surface water samples.

PMID- 970026
TI  - [On N2-fixing clostridia and bacilli from soils (author's transl)].
AB  - In total 30 nitrogen-fixing, saccharolytic Clostridia and 4 nitrogen-fixing
      bacilli, all freshly isolated from gleyed soils, were screened for sensitivity to
      20 antibiotics. The isolates were compared in their sensitivity with 5 type
      cultures representing the species Clostridium butyricum, C. saccharobutyricum (2
      strains) C. multifermentans and C. sporogenes. Generally speaking, both
      clostridia and bacilli are sensitive to the same antibiotics (Table 2). In
      addition, the nitrogen-fixing bacilli belonging to Bacillus polymyxa and B.
      macerans showed sensitivity to neomycin and kanamycin. Except for the species C.
      tyrobutyricum, none of the various saccharolytic Clostridium species could be
      distinguished by differences in sensitivity to antibiotics. Differential methods
      are given in Table 3.

PMID- 970027
TI  - [The measurement of fibre concentrations in lung dusts (author's transl)].
AB  - Measurements in ambient air have indicated, that air pollution contains fibrous
      dusts in various concentration. Moreover it seems to be necessary to get
      informations of the fiber content in the lungs of men. In this investigation 22
      dusts, which were isolated by formamide-methode from lungs, were analysed.
      Methods of preparation and evaluation of the lung dust of people, which were
      occupational non-asbestos-exposed, are described. Fiber concentration per mg lung
      dust lies between 10 X 10(3) and 535 X 10(3). Most of the fibers were shorter
      than 10 mum. Because of the limitation of the evaluation-technique it was not
      possible to analyse the fibers with regard to their chemical composition.

PMID- 970028
TI  - [The action of the vaccinia virus upon placenta and fetus in revaccinated
      pregnants (author's transl)].
AB  - We studied 608 antivariolic revaccinated pregnants in spring 1972 at different
      ages of gestation. 60 presented spontaneous abortus; in 502 cases there has been
      performed therapeutical abortion, and 46 pregnants revaccinated after 2 1/2-3
      months of gestation continued their pregnancy. Pregnancy and birth in
      revaccinated pregnants which did not abort, evolved without any difference
      against the witness-sample; the newborns presented in a higher percentage
      underweight. The absence of the vaccinia-virus and of Guarnieri-inclusions in the
      examined placentae and embryos as well as the moment of abortion, only after 20
      days from the revaccination data, leads to the supposition that the placental
      lesions do not seem to be produced by the direct action of the virus by its
      replication, but probably by reactions of hypersensibility of the late type
      against the alergizin antigens of the antismallpox vaccine. The antivariolic
      revaccination of the sample of pregnants, showed that the vaccinia virus did not
      present a malformative action upon the embryo, but in change the abortive action
      was manifest in indirect proportion to the age of gestation.

PMID- 970029
TI  - Changes in size and shape of chromatin particles after successive removal of
      histones.
AB  - The preparations of whole chromatin, chromatin selectively depleted of histone
      f1, depleted of all lysine-rich histones (f1, f2b, f2a2), and DNA was studied by
      viscosimetric and light scattering methods. The obtained results were used for
      calculation of the dimensions and packing ratios of DNA for the preparations
      studied. The packing ratio in whole chromatin is 7.2 and is almost unaffected by
      selective removal of histone f1 (6.9), but decreases on successive removal of the
      remaining four histones, the decrease being dependent more on the quantity than
      the kind of the dissociated histones.

PMID- 970030
TI  - The effect of calcium restriction in the diet of calcium transport in rat small
      intestine.
AB  - 1. The everted-sac technique has been used to study the time-dependent effect of
      low-calcium diet on calcium active transport along rat small intestine. 2. In
      animals maintained on standard diet active translocation of calcium was limited
      to proximal 10 cm of the intestine. 3. In response to calcium restriction,
      calcium transport in duodenum was highly stimulated after 3 days, then gradually
      declined and after 28 days almost disappeared. In proximal jejunum it was the
      highest between 7 and 21 days. In distal ileum, the transport appeared after 3
      days and increased progressively until 21 days, but markedly decreased at the 28
      th day. The normal pattern of calcium transport was reestablished on refeeding
      the animals with standard diet.

PMID- 970031
TI  - Preparation and properties of tRNA from human placenta.
AB  - 1. The tRNA preparation obtained from human placenta by phenol extraction and
      DEAE-cellulose chromatography was homogeneous on ultracentrifugation and showed
      high amino acid acceptor activity. 2. The analysis of the isoaccepting tRNA by
      reversed-phase chromatography (RPC-5 system) showed the presence of 5 fractions
      for glycine and leucine, 3 for tyrosine, alanine and valine, 2 for arginine and 1
      for phenylalanine.

PMID- 970032
TI  - Non-histone chromatin proteins during maturation of avian erythroid cells.
AB  - 1. In chicken erythroid cells (erythroblast, reticulocyte and erythrocyte)
      maturation was accompanied by a decrease in the content of non-histone chromatin
      proteins. 2. Phenol-soluble non-histone chromatin proteins (phosphoproteins) from
      the three cell populations studied, showed differences in the behavior on sodium
      dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing.
      Phosphoprotein of immature cells had a higher content of fractions of about 86
      000 and 23 000 daltons than the phosphoproteins of erythrocytes.

PMID- 970033
TI  - Regulation of progesterone biosynthesis in human placental mitochondria by Krebs
      cycle metabolites.
AB  - 1. 2-Oxoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate and citrate, cis-aconitate and
      isocitrate stimulate conversion of cholesterol to progesterone in human placental
      mitochondria. 2. The stimulatory effect of dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids
      depends on the activity of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) (EC
      1.1.1.40) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.42), respectively.

PMID- 970034
TI  - Potassium-dependent thermal sensibility of AMP-deaminase from rabbit skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - 1. AMP-deaminase (AMP-aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) from rabbit skeletal muscle
      showed sigmoid-shaped plots of velocity versus substrate concentration at four
      temperatures tested between 15 degrees and 35 degrees C. In the presence of 20 mM
      KCl, the plot was sigmoid only at 30 degrees C and became hyperbolic at the other
      temperatures tested. In the presence of 150 mM-KCl the plots were hyperbolic at
      all the temperatures applied. 2. The Km value depended on temperature and
      concentration of KCl, whereas Vmax was the same for the 20 mM- and 150 mM-KCl
      activated enzyme. 3. The value of enthalpy of the enzyme-substrate complex
      formation was the same for both the 20 mM- and 150-mM-KCl-activated enzyme at
      lower temperature range (less than 38 degrees C), whereas at higher temperatures
      (greater than 38 degrees C) this value was much more negative in the presence of
      20 mM-KCl than of 150 mM-KCl.

PMID- 970035
TI  - Glutamate metabolism in rat kidney mitochondria.
AB  - 1. Kidney cortex mitochondria did not swell in ammonium or potassium salts of
      glutamate even in the presence of valinomycin or 2,4-dinitrophenol.
      Aminooxyacetate diminished the reduction of nicotinamide nucleotides in intact
      mitochondria in the presence of glutamate. 2. Transamination with oxaloacetate
      appeared to be the main pathway of glutamate metabolism in isolated rat kidney
      cortex mitochondria under various metabolic conditions. Ammonia formation was
      negligible. The gamma-aminobutyrate pathway was found to be of almost no
      importance.

PMID- 970036
TI  - Effect of (-)hydroxycitrate on the activities of ATP citrate lyase and the
      enzymes of acetyl-CoA metabolism in rat brain.
AB  - 1. (-)Hyrdoxycitrate is a potent inhibitor of ATP citrate (pro-3S)lyase (EC
      4.1.3.8) from rat brain, the inhibition being uncompetitive with respect to
      MgATP2-and competitive with citrate (Ki 0.8 muM). 2. The rate of oxygen
      consumption by rat brain synaptosomes and the activities of fatty acid
      synthetase, carnitine acetyltransferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and
      acetyl-CoA-synthetase are not affected by (-)hydroxycitrate. 3. (-)Hydroxycitrate
      inhibits the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase
      (decarboxylating) and aconitate hydratase at millimolar concentrations.

PMID- 970037
TI  - Transfer of cholesterol and lecithin between erythrocytes and serum in vitro.
AB  - 1. In human blood incubated in vitro, the transfer of free cholesterol and
      lecithin from erythrocytes to serum was not related to glycolytic activity in
      erythrocytes or esterification of cholesterol in serum. 2. The stability of free
      cholesterol concentration in serum was dependent on the activity of
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43), and the stability of lecithin
      concentration in erythrocytes, on glycolytic activity.

PMID- 970038
TI  - RNA polymerases I and II in germinating wheat embryo.
AB  - 1. The RNA polymerase I was practically absent in the resting embryos and
      appeared several hours after the beginning of imbibition, whereas the level of
      polymerase II was high in the resting embryos and did not increase significantly
      during the imbibition phase. 2. Incorporation in vivo of [14C]valine into
      polymerase I and II indicated that the synthesis of RNA polymerase I is initiated
      in germinating embryos much earlier than that of RNA polymerase II. 3. It is
      suggested that RNA polymerase II is stored in resting wheat embryos to support
      mRNA synthesis at the onset of germination, whereas the RNA polymerase I activity
      appears at a further stage of germination.

PMID- 970039
TI  - Stimulation of citrate oxidation and transport in human placental mitochondria by
      L-malate.
AB  - 1. Citrate was oxidized by human placental mitochondria at a rate half that for
      isocitrate, and cis-aconitate at a rate by 20% lower as with isocitrate. The
      apparent Km values for these substrates were similar. 2. Oxidation of citrate was
      stimulated by L-malate but the stimulation was abolished by benzene 1,2,3
      tricarboxylate and butylmalonate. 3. Citrate uptake by placental mitochondria was
      inhibited by benzene 1,2,3--tricarboxylate, and raised specifically by L-malate.
      Stimulation by fumarate and succinate was found to be due to conversion of these
      substrates to L-malate. 4. It is concluded that human placental mitochondria
      contain malate-stimulated tricarboxylate carrier system.

PMID- 970040
TI  - [Intracellular protein breakdown. VIII. The use of double-labeled proteins as
      substrates].
AB  - Double-labeled proteins from rat liver cytosol (14C in long-lived, 3H in short
      lived proteins after in-vivo-labeling) are used as substrates for unlabeled
      proteinases in vitro. Differences in the degradation rates of short-lived and
      long-lived proteins in vitro by different proteinases and after addition of
      different effectors allow conclusions concerning their importance for the in-vivo
      turnover of substrate proteins. The main activity (greater than 90%) of soluble
      lysosomal proteinases at pH 6,1 and pH 6,9 is caused by thiolproteinases, which
      degrade preferentially short-lived cytosol proteins. These proteinases are
      inhibited by leupeptin. Autolysis of double-labeled cell fractions shows a
      remarkably faster breakdown of short-lived substrate proteins only in the soluble
      part of lysosomes. Microsomal fractions degrade in vitro preferentially long
      lived substrate proteins.

PMID- 970041
TI  - [Organ and subcellular distribution of transmidinase in man and rats].
AB  - The transamidinase capacity of human organs is consistently higher than those of
      rats. Both species show the highest activity in pancreas and slightly smaller in
      kidneys. The human liver is less active while the enzyme is not present at all in
      rat liver. Very low enzyme activities have been found in spleen, heart and
      skeleton muscle. During cell fractionation of kidney and pancreas a remarkable
      loss of enzyme activity occurs. Thus the transamidinase in man and rat is equally
      found in cytosol, mitochondria and nuclei. In the native cell the enzyme is
      probably localized mainly in the mitochondria.

PMID- 970042
TI  - [Influence of uncoupling agents on the capacity of transamidinase in kidney and
      pancreas].
AB  - It was found in white rats that hyperthyreosis (0.5% thyreoidin in dry food),
      respectively 2,4-dinitrophenol (30 mg/kg body weight/day i. p.), deficiency of
      the vitamins K and E or complete fasting increase the content of creatine in
      muscle, plasma and urine, but reduce the concentration of creatinine.
      Simultaneously the elevated creatine level of blood causes a repression of
      transamidinase in kidneys and pancreas. The common mode of action of the
      mentioned agents is seen in a decoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation, and in
      an insufficient availability of ATP, respectively.

PMID- 970043
TI  - [Activation of leucine aminopeptidase under hydrogen bond cleaving conditions].
AB  - Cleavage of hydrogen bonds by urea, guanidinium chloride or elevated temperatures
      causes a reversible activation of leucine aminopeptidase. The activation is
      similar to that caused by Mg2+ ions. This means that preincubation is required
      and that a 10-fold or more activated enzyme is inhibited by 50 mM cyanide to 20
      per cent while a C1-ion-activated enzyme like the nonactivated enzyme is
      inhibited to 90 per cent. Blockage of the free SH-groups reduces the response
      time of the activation. The free SH-groups are involved in an essential
      intermediate step of the activation.

PMID- 970044
TI  - Bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase. A study of possible roles for the thiol
      groups in holo- and apoenzyme.
AB  - The apoenzyme of leucine aminopeptidase has to be prepared either under inert
      conditions or in the presence of 2-thioethanol. Due to the removal of essential
      zinc ions, buried -SH groups are exposed. These -SH groups show a higher
      reactivity than the six -SH groups accessible in the native zinc enzyme. During
      the incubation of the zinc enzyme with guanidine hydrochloride, up to 36 -SH
      groups are titratble in dependence on the concentration of guanidine
      hydrochloride. The -SH groups can be distinguished by their reactivity towards
      Ellman's reagent and can be differentiated into four classes with respect to
      their function.

PMID- 970045
TI  - [Affinity labeling of leucine aminopeptidase with new substrate analog
      inhibitors].
AB  - Substrate analogous compounds differing both in type and reactivity (diazonium
      group, chloro and mo ethyl ketone groups) and in the position of the reactive
      group at the inhibitor molecule were studied for their adequacy for affinity
      labelling of leucine amino-peptidase. The chloro methyl ketone derivatives of
      amino acids with free alpha-amino group are competitive inhibitors. Also, the
      more reactive bromine compound PheCh2br (Ki 1.2 mM) compared with the PheCH2C1
      (Ki 0.3 mM) fails to give an irreversible inactivation of leucine amino
      peptidase. The dipeptide derivatives Leu-PheCH2C1 and Phe-LeuCH2C1 also inhibit
      the enzyme activity up to 65%, but they are split at the peptide bond under
      reactivation of the enzyme. p-Diazophenylalanine methylketone Phe (pN+/2)CH3 and
      the two dipeptides Phe(pN+/2)-Phe and Phe(pN+/2)-Phe(pN+/2) with N-terminal
      diazonium groups afford an irreversible inactivation of leucine aminopeptidase in
      a time- and concentration-dependent reaction. The Phe-Phe(pN+/2) reactive only C
      terminally, is less effective; the inhibition is partly reversible. The
      inactivation is strongly reduced by the competitive inhibitor Thr(but)-Phe-Pro.
      These effects are discussed with regard to the specific site of attack of the
      inhibitors in the active binding centre of leucine aminopeptidase. The synthesis
      of the three parasubstituted amino derivatives of phenylalanyl-phenylalanine
      Phe(pNH2)-Phe, Phe-Phe(pNH2) and Phe(pNH2)-Phe(pNH2) and their selective
      conversion to the respective diazonium peptides, retaining the aliphatic alpha
      amino group, are discussed.

PMID- 970046
TI  - [Isolation and characterization of a microsomal arylaminopeptidase from rat
      kidney].
AB  - The isolation and characterization of a microsomal arylaminopeptidase from rat
      kidney is reported. By treatment of a microsomal arylaminopeptidase-phosphatase
      complex with trypsin and subsequent gel filtration of the solubilized proteins on
      Sepharose 6B a electrophoretic homogeneous arylaminopeptidase was obtained
      (yield, 3%; enrichment, 900 times). The following properties of the purified
      enzyme were determined: 1. Molecular weight: 182000 (gel filtration on Sepharose
      6B) to 192000 (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). 2. Subunit structure: In
      the presence of 6 M guanidine - HC1 + 1% BETA-mercaptoethanol the enzyme
      dissociates into subunits (MW 46700, ESTIMATED BY SDS gel electrophoresis
      method). 3. Isoelectric point: 4,71 (agarose gel electrophoresis method). 4. UV
      characteristics: E 280nm/E260NM=1.3. 5. Substrate specifity: optimal substrates L
      alanyl derivatives (anilide, beta-naphthyl amide, p-nitroanilide, 4-(phenylazo)
      phenylamide and hydrazide). Among these compounds the anilide derivative was
      hydrolyzed most rapidly. Furthermore, di- and tripeptides, especially L-methionyl
      L-leucine, were also split. No hydrolysis was observed with hemoglobin (pH 4.5
      and 7.5) and amino acid- or peptide-ester substrates. 6. Optimal pH: 7.5 +/- 0,1;
      optimal temperature: 45 to 50 degrees C. 7. The enzyme has no transamidation
      activity with L-alanyl amide both as aminoacyl donator and -acceptor. 8.
      Influence of effectors: Heavy metal ions (Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+), chelating
      agents (EDTA, o-phenanthroline) and puromycin inhibit the enzyme significantly.
      SH-group reagents are without any influence. 9. L-alanyl-L-alanyl-4 (phenylazo)
      phenylamide, a dipeptide aryl aminopeptidase substrate, is hydrolyzed by the
      purified enzyme preparation according to a consecutive or step by step mechanism.

PMID- 970047
TI  - [CHEMICAL OSCILLATIONS IN THE ONE-ENZYME REACTOR].
AB  - The theory of nonlinear oscillations was applied to a special dynamic system, the
      continuous stirred tank enzyme reactor (CSTR), in order to find out the enzyme
      mechanisms which may lead to the appearence of chemical oscillations in the one
      enzyme reactors. In the main, the isothermic reactor without diffusion limitation
      was studied. The possibilities of a mathematical analysis of periodic processes
      in single catalyst beads and one-enzyme column reactors with diffusion limitation
      are briefly discussed.

PMID- 970048
TI  - Ionic interactions in eukaryotic ribosomes: splitting of the subunits of rat
      liver ribosomes by treatment with monovalent cations.
AB  - Proteins of rat liver ribosomal subunits were successively split off by stepwise
      treatment of the particles with various concentrations of LiC1 (0.4--1.0 M) or
      KC1 (0.6--1.5 M). Split proteins and core particle proteins were analyzed by two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LiC1 concentrations were
      estimated at which the individual proteins are split off. The proteins of 40S and
      60S subunits were classified in 4 and 5 groups, respectively, according to their
      splitting behavior. The effect of LiC1 and KC1 is similar, but higher
      concentrations of KC1 than of LiC1 are required to obtain comparable split
      protein patterns. Evidence for structural changes of the core particles during
      the split procedures was obtained.

PMID- 970049
TI  - [Insulin and glucagon secretion in the isolated perfused rat pancreas].
AB  - For the study of insulin and glucagon secretion at the isolated perfused rat
      pancreas are used, as a rule, synthetic perfusion media that have to meet two
      requirements: They have to ensure the biological function of the perfused organ
      for 2 hrs, and must not interfere with radioimmunological insulin and glucagon
      determination. An appropriate medium is the Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer at pH
      7.4 with addition of 4% dextran (MG 75000) and 0.5% human serum albumin; it
      allows one to produce, after permanent glucose stimulation, a biphasic insulin
      secretion. Infusion media based on gelatine or polyvinylpyrrolidone proved
      inadequate for these studies.

PMID- 970050
TI  - [Isolation and characterization of rubredoxin from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus].
AB  - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus growing on long-chain n-alkanes contains a soluble
      iron-sulfur protein, which corresponds in its properties to a rubredoxin. It was
      prepared from the 50000 X g supernatant of ultrasonically treated cells using ion
      exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75.
      The isolated protein is pure electrophoretically, but yields two bands
      corresponding to molecular weights of 6000 and 12000 respectively. A content of
      11 acidic against 6 basic amino acids is in line with the acidic character of the
      protein. The absence of acid-labile sulfur, content of 4 cysteine residues and
      one iron atom per polypeptide chain and the typical absorption maxima at gamma =
      280, 380, and 490 nm exclude the presence of a ferredoxin. Involvement of the
      rubredoxin in the alkane hydroxylation is discussed.

PMID- 970051
TI  - [System analysis of the multi-oscillatory functional order in the circadian and
      ultradian frequency range and its monitoring value for load effects, exemplified
      by a varying light-dark regimen in the intensive rearing of sheep].
AB  - As part of the experiments to influence the annual rhythmicity of sexual
      reproduction, various artificial light-dark regimens were tested for their
      systemic effects. From the polygraphic registration of several functions, such as
      food ingestion, rumination, movement, cardiac and respiratory rhythm were
      obtained biorhythmometric system-analytic parameters of the multi-oscillatory
      functional order. Under well-balanced light-dark conditions (LD 13.5:10.5), a
      high intra- and interparametric degree of functional coupling of 80% is obtained,
      while under extreme conditions (LD 22:2) this value amounts to 39%, which is
      equivalent to a disorganized time structure and disturbed neuro-vegetative multi
      oscillatory functional order. The significance of these or analogously contrived
      studies on environmental problems under human social conditions is pointed out.

PMID- 970052
TI  - Anticholinesterase action of 3-diethylaminophenyl-N-methyl-carbamate methiodide
      in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of 3-diethylaminophenyl-N-methylcarbamate methiodide on rat
      brain acetylcholinesterase and horse plasma butyrylcholinesterase was studied in
      vitro. This quaternary carbamate is a more potent inhibitor of
      acetylcholinesterase than butyrylcholinesterase. Complete inhibition of
      acetylcholinesterase may be achieved without any inhibition of
      butyrylcholinesterase, i.e. that 3-diethylaminophenyl-N-methylcarbamate
      methiodide is a selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The inhibitory
      effect of different doses of this compound on plasma and liver
      butyrylcholinesterase and erythrocyte, brain, heart and diaphragm
      acetylcholinesterase of the rat was studied in vivo. With increasing doses of
      carbamate the inhibition of the enzymes in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver,
      heart, and diaphragm increased while the brain acetylcholinesterase was
      unaffected. The toxic action of carbamate studied was preferably due to
      acetylcholin esterase inhibition in the peripheral nervous system and this
      compound cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 970053
TI  - [Influence of strophanthin and 2,4-dinitrophenol to the scopolamine-evoked
      acetylcholine release in rat cortex].
AB  - In rats narcotized by urethan we investigated the effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol and
      ouabain with regard to the cortical release of acetylcholine stimulated by
      scopolamine and to the acetylcholine content of telencephalon changed in that
      way. Dinitrophenol increased the liberating effect of scopolamine. In the
      presence of dinitrophenol and scopolamine ouabain reduced acetylcholine synthesis
      resulting in an strong decrease of acetylcholine content on persistent diminished
      increase of acetylcholine release.

PMID- 970054
TI  - [Angiotensin-induced hypertension in pigs].
AB  - In pigs receiving up to 14 days daily injections of depot angiotensin, repeated
      daily bloody measurements of the blood pressure at the carotid artery proved
      unsuitable because of ensueing septic processes, in contrast to the unbloody
      measurement at the caudal artery. The depot angiotensin, despite the use of
      preparations with varying content of angiotensin-II and carrier solution, caused
      immediately after the injections a very strong maximal rise in systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure that occurred also with longer periods of the
      experiment; this rise gradually diminished in the course of the day but remained
      mostly in the hypertonic range and showed daily initial values above normal. The
      pig proved to be much more sensitive to angiotensin than the rat, for instance.
      Despite the proved vasoconstricting action of angiotensin, light-microscopic
      alterations at the vessels, kidneys, and the myocardium could not be observed.
      Part of the arterioles showed an increased wall thickness in animals killed on
      the 8th and 15th day of the experiment. The differences in the pathomorphological
      and blood pressure behaviour from the rat are discussed. The first experimental
      results qualify the pig as an experimental animal for comparative hypertension
      studies.

PMID- 970055
TI  - The effect of 35SO2 binding by ammonia on sulfur incorporation into rat tissues.
AB  - Sulfur metabolism was traced in experimental investigations on rats, and the
      importance of the method of sulfur dioxide neutralized by ammonia was estimated.
      The animals were exposed to 35SO2 by means of inhalation, and radioactivity in
      several organs at different periods of exposure was traced. Apart from that,
      autoradiographic investigations were carried out in order to show the
      incorporation of radioactive sulfur into particular elements of the cell in
      different tissues. Elimination of isotope with urine and feces at different
      periods of time after exposure was also determined. It was found that the use of
      ammonia to neutralize sulfur dioxide in the air decreased the amount of sulfur
      which could enter the organism as a result of breathing air contaminated by SO2.

PMID- 970056
TI  - [Significance of adenosine and prostaglandins in the coronary regulation of
      suckling hearts].

PMID- 970057
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic parameters of N,N'-bis-(3-(2'-ethoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropy1)
      ethylenediamine (Falirytmin) in rabbits].

PMID- 970058
TI  - Lymphocyte-dependent antibodies in uveitis.
AB  - Lymphocyte-dependent antibodies were revealed in the serum of patients suffering
      from uveitis of various aetiologies. The serum was incubated with normal uveal
      tissue and the binding of non-immune human lymphocytes was investigated. In three
      cases of sympathetic ophthalmitis the lymphocytes accumulated around the melanine
      granules, while in another 17 patients with uveitis cases the lymphocytes
      accumulated around the capillaries. Uveal tissue incubated with control sera
      failed to bound lymphocytes. The lymphocytic infiltration in certain cases of
      chronic uveitis suggested the role of lymphocyte-mediating antibodies in the
      aetiology of these cases.

PMID- 970059
TI  - [Diagnostic angiography in mediastinal and pulmonary diseases].
AB  - The angiographic methods employed in chest surgery are reviewed and their value
      is demonstrated on practical examples. In certain cases angiography is the only
      means of arriving to the correct diagnosis and its result often determines the
      course of therapy. Angiographic methods are claimed to be equivalent to the
      classical diagnostic procedures applied in pulmonology and their wide-spread use
      is recommended.

PMID- 970060
TI  - Radiology preceding reconstructive coronary operations.
AB  - In connection with the fact that lesions of the coronary artery can be approached
      only by coronarography, the possibilities of coronarography are discussed. The
      problems arising are, 1. the relationship between prognosis and the degree to
      which the coronaries are affected; 2. how to follow the degenerative lesion from
      the first event up to complete obstruction; 3. the relationship between
      coronarographic finding and clinical symptoms; and 4. why is it essential to be
      acquainted with the changed conditions of coronary circulation. A coronarographic
      finding taking into consideration the above points will play an important role
      when it has to be decided who should be subjected and to what type of operation
      improving the coronary circulation.

PMID- 970061
TI  - Laser stimulation of wound healing.
AB  - Serum complement activity, immunoglobulin levels and the circulating auto
      antibodies were studied in the course of laser treatment of 20 cases of crural
      ulcer. After temporary changes a normalization of the humoral immune response was
      observed in the healing cases, while in the stagnating ones opposite trend was
      manifest. In none of the groups were detected circulating auto-antibodies against
      the investigated antigens.

PMID- 970062
TI  - Viability of extracorporeally perfused dog livers.
AB  - The possibility of structural and functional preservation of the isolated liver
      has been studied in dog experiments. A sterile liver preparation left in situ was
      worked out, having practically no ischaemic period, except during perfusion.
      Nevertheless, well-defined lesions (perivascular and interstitial oedema,
      dissociated contraction of the smooth muscle elements of the veins, cellula
      accumulation in the sinusoids) appeared, accompanied by a gradual reduction
      (microcirculatory disorders, enzyme derailment) of the function of hepatocytes.

PMID- 970063
TI  - [Aimed angiography in the diagnosis of adrenal changes].

PMID- 970064
TI  - [Serum enzyme activities in intestinal obstruction].
AB  - In patients with intestinal obstruction, nine of the enzymes usually studied in
      liver diagnostics were determined before and after operation. Intestinal
      obstruction causes reversible changes in the liver and in hepatic metabolism;
      they normalize after relief of the obstruction.

PMID- 970065
TI  - Effect of denervation on the longitudinal growth of tubular bones.
AB  - The effect of sciatic nerve lesion on the longitudinal growth of tubular bones of
      the affected extremity has been studied in adolescent rabbits. For the
      observation of circulation in the bones, intravenously injected Sr85Cl2 solution
      was used. A retardation of longitudinal growth of the tibia and of the femur on
      the operated side was noted. Radioactivity in the bones of the operated extremity
      was always lower than on the control side. For the retarded longitudinal growth,
      a circulatory disturbance may have been responsible.

PMID- 970066
TI  - Some peculiarities of the glucoregulatory response to glucose infusion in the
      rat.
AB  - The glucoregulatory response to the i.v. infusion of different doses of glucose
      and glucose plus insulin was studied in anesthetized rats by using the primed
      constant infusion of glucose-2-3H. Infusion of glucose at the rate of 10
      mg/kg/min induced a rise of about 100% in blood glucose, while the hepatic
      release of glucose showed only a small and transient decrease. A proportional
      increase of glycemia and glucose utilization (Rd) was observed without any
      appreciable change in the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose; a two-fold
      increase in plasma insulin was recorded at all times. In the group of rats
      receiving 20 mg/kg/min of glucose, changes in the above parameters were slightly
      greater; MCR showed a moderate increment in spite of the six-fold rise of plasma
      insulin. Finally, the influsion of large doses of insulin together with 20
      mg/kg/min of glucose resulted in complete cessation of glucose release by the
      liver and in a remarkable increase of Rd and MCR. These results suggest a poor
      adaptability of the glucoregulatory system of the rat in response to glucose
      infusion as compared to other mammalian species.

PMID- 970067
TI  - Riboflavin deficiency in children with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Twenty-four insulin-dependent diabetic children and 114 normal control children,
      all between the ages of 6 to 16 years, were investigated for riboflavin
      deficiency. The method used was a measurement of erythrocyte glutathione
      reductase activity and the results were expressed as the activity coefficient
      (AC). None of the children had received vitamin supplementation. The percentage
      of diabetic children with riboflavin deficiency was 4 fold greater than in non
      diabetics. Supplementation with daily oral riboflavin quickly returned all AC
      values to normal.

PMID- 970068
TI  - In vivo and in vitro experiments on relationships between PGA1 and glucose
      utilization.
AB  - The in vivo and in vitro effects of PGA1 on glucose utilization were investigated
      in normal rats and in rats with alloxan-diabetes (50 mg/kg i.v. administered 48
      hrs before experiment). The animals were divided into two groups. The first group
      -- which included both normal and diabetic animals -- was submitted to an IVGIT
      after a 12-h fast and during a sodium chloride infusion. In the second group --
      which equally included normal and diabetic rats -- the same GTT was performed
      during a sodium chloride infusion in which PGA1 had been diluted, so that a dose
      of 0.5 g/kg/min was administered. This dose is devoid of any effect on
      cardiovascular activity. For in vitro experiments, glucose utilization was
      studied in the rat diaphragm incubated with insulin (200 muU/ml) and PGA1 (10 and
      100 ng): results demonstrated that PGA1 enhances the insulin effect on glucose
      utilization and the enhancement is dose-dependent. The same results were observed
      also in the in vivo experiments: in normal rats PGA1 really improves glucose
      utilization without any interference with insulin secretion from B-cells. On the
      other hand, PGA1 has no effect on this utilization in diabetic rats. From our
      experiments it can therefore be concluded that PGA1 improves glucose utilization,
      showing a synergic action with the increased quantity of insulin secreted in
      response to a glucose load. No effect is noted when insulin secretion from B
      cells is reduced or absent.

PMID- 970069
TI  - Reliability of copper reduction methods for quantitation of glucosuria.
AB  - In the present study we evaluated the reliability of the "2-drop" Clinitest
      method in determining the 24-h glucose spill of a diabetic patient. The urine
      glucose content over the 33 day study period was measured with a Beckman glucose
      analyzer that employed a glucose oxidase method. There was no statistical
      difference between the glucose content determined by the two methods. There was a
      mean error of +4.4 +/- 3.6% between the values obtained with the "2-drop" method
      and values obtained with glucose analyzer. The mean coefficient of variation for
      determining the glucose content of urine with the "2 drop" method was 19%. In a
      group of 10 normal volunteers we found that there was a falsely elevated glucose
      value in urines with osmolality of less than 295 mosm/kg when the "5-drop" method
      was used. The "2-drop" Clinitest and the Beckman analyzer could accurately
      determine glucose concentration even in these dilute urines. The "2-drop"
      Clinitest method is a useful and reasonably reliable method for evaluationg 24-h
      glucosuria.

PMID- 970070
TI  - Juvenile diabetic cheiroarthropathy.
AB  - A peculiar involvement of the interphalangeal joints of both hands with palmar
      flexion of the fingers has been observed in 11 insulin-treated, nonrheumatoid,
      juvenile diabetics. The onset of diabetes occurred between 1 and 12 years of age.
      Painless deformities of the fingers with progressive stiffness and impaired
      extension started 4 to 10 years later. One patient complained of articular pain
      and swelling. X-ray and circulatory changes were absent or minimal. Prepubertal
      patients showed delayed puberty and stunted growth, adult patients had normal
      sexual development. Rheumatic or rheumatoid signs were absent. Electromyography
      showed minor abnormalities of the motor units, normal or subnormal motor nerve
      conduction velocity, increased median nerve terminal latency, in the absence of
      muscular atrophy or thickening of palmar tendons. Vibratory sensitivity was
      impaired in 1 subject. Juvenile cheiroarthropathy is associated with: a) early
      onset and poor control of diabetes; b) stunted growth; c) hepatomegaly; d)
      delayed puberty; e) long standing administration of insulin. The articular
      changes are distinct from previously known forms of "diabetic hand", such as
      atrophic neuropathy, osteoarthropathy, Dupuytren's contracture, carpal tunnel
      syndrome.

PMID- 970071
TI  - The Somogyi phenomenon. A short review.
AB  - The Somogyi phenomenon or effect is a paradoxical situation of insulin-induced
      post-hypoglycemic hyperglycemia. The historical aspects of this phenomenon and
      the subsequent hypotheses and controversy are reviewed. The clinical situation is
      explained, with regard to its recognition, management and importance as an
      etiological factor in "brittle" diabetes. Hormone immunoassay techniques at
      present show human growth hormone (HGH) to be the major consequence of insulin
      induced hypoglycemia leading to post-hypoglycemia glucose intolerance, but
      further studies will probably show glucagon to have a major role.

PMID- 970072
TI  - [Gonadotropin levels and spermatogenesis in infertile patients].
AB  - 165 STERILE MALE PATIENTS UNDERWENT SEMEN EXAMINATIONS AND SERUM GONADOTROPINS
      DOSAGE. In 47 of these patients a testicular biopsy was preformed. The results of
      the statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the sperm count
      and the FSH in addition to a close and precise relation between the initial
      stages of the spermatogenesis and FSH. No correlation was found to exist in
      regard to the LH. The Authors finally showed their interpertation of such data,
      with the possibility of different prognosis in subjects having severe
      oligozoospermia, but with a bioptic picture which did or did not present damage
      at the spermatid maturation stage.

PMID- 970073
TI  - [Biological and clinical considerations on intrauterine use of progesterone T for
      fertility control].

PMID- 970074
TI  - The glycerylphosphorylcholine content of the rat epididymis after injecting alpha
      chlorohydrin and ligating the vasa efferentia.
AB  - The concentration of GPC in the 4 segments (initial segment, caput, corpus and
      cauda) of the rat epididymis was examined at various times (4 hours. 2, 5, 10 and
      20 days) following injection of a lesion-forming dose (90 mg/kg body weight) of
      alpha-chlorohydrin and bilateral ligation of the vasa efferentia. There was a
      reduction in the overall GPC concentration of the epididymis 2 days after both
      treatments and a further decrease until 20 days when a slight increase occurred.
      It is suggested that a lesion-forming dose of alpha-chlorohydrin, like ligation
      of the vasa efferentia, could inhibit the synthesis and/or release of GPC within
      the epididymis by blocking off androgen supply in the testicular fluid.

PMID- 970075
TI  - On a rare case of Turner's syndrome.

PMID- 970076
TI  - [Isolated granulomatous gastritis].

PMID- 970077
TI  - [The Budd-Chiari syndrome].

PMID- 970078
TI  - [Endometriosis of the small bowel. Case report].

PMID- 970079
TI  - [Intestinal bleeding from a malignant carcinoid tumour of the colon. Case report
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 970080
TI  - Acute liver failure due to temporary hepatic ischemia in the pig.
AB  - The model of temporary complete liver ischemia was investigated in 60 pigs in
      order to produce a disease which resembles liver failure in man. The interval of
      time leading to death in every animal differed in a wide range. A number of
      biochemical alterations was of no value as for the prognosis of the animal under
      investigation. The ammonium in the peripheral blood is elevated during shunting
      of portal blood around the liver only. Microscopic examinations demonstrated that
      the damage produced is limited to the hepatic tissue. The lesions were less when
      ischemia was produced after a longer interval after the operation. The role of
      processes of regeneration and reparation of liver tissue is discussed.

PMID- 970081
TI  - About the efficiency of the duodenal drainage with the double balloon tube
      technique using polyethylene glycol as duodenal marker.
AB  - Using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a duodenal marker substance, we studied the
      efficiency of the duodenal drainage with the double balloon tube technique
      employing three various tubes: a) the three-lumen double balloon tube according
      to Bartelheimer, b) a modified double balloon tube with more valid preconditions
      for the combination of duodenal marker and double balloon tube technique, and c)
      this modified tube after removal of the distal balloon. The results with this
      valid marker technique represent the first experimental proof that the duodenal
      juice can be collected in an approximately quantitative way by the described
      double balloon tube techniques. They therefore confirm the importance of these
      tubes for all those studies in which a quantitative drainage is desired as much
      as possible.

PMID- 970082
TI  - Effect of pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) on rat liver.
AB  - One time i.p. injections of 5 -20 mg Pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN)
      effects the mitotic activity of rat liver cells during a time period of 24 hours
      to be 20 times higher than the normal mitotic rate. This, however, does not
      result in an measurable increase of cell numbers and cell volumes. Furthermore,
      total liver DNA, RNA, protein and dry-weight remain unchanged. The injection of 7
      times 10 mg PCN also results in the elevation of the mitotic rate. Return of the
      elevated mitotic rate to base level takes 18 days from the time the last
      injection of PCN was administered. During this time the number and the average
      volume of liver cells increases by 28% and 30%, respectively. The dry weight of
      liver and tetraploid nuclei increase in number, whereas RNA- and protein content
      remains unchanged. All parameters have reached the base line after 4 - 6 weeks
      following the last injection of PCN. No histological changes were observed after
      multiple doses of PCN that cause hyperplasia and hypertrophy of liver tissue.
      Hypertrophy of liver cells follows the observed hyperplasia and therefore is not
      expected to be the cause of the hyperplastic processes.

PMID- 970083
TI  - Treatment of extrahepatic occlusive jaundice with activated charcoal
      hemoperfusion in dogs.
AB  - To find the feasibility of treatment for congenital bile duct atresia, we studied
      the usefullness of extracorporeal hemoperfusion over activated charcoal in canine
      obstructive jaundice. One, three and five weeks after ligation and disection of
      common bile duct in 5 dogs we performed the hemoperfusion over activated charcoal
      extracorporeally (group 3). In this animals we examined hematological and blood
      coagulation studies, serum electrolyte levels, kidney function tests and liver
      chemistries. As control in 5 animals we carried out after sham operation the
      perfusion without common bile duct ligation (group 2) and in 5 animals only
      common bile duct ligation without perfusion (group 1). In the liver chemistries
      we found 2 weeks after 2nd and 3rd perfusion (5 and 7 weeks after bile duct
      ligation) lower levels of serum bilirubin, GOT, GPT and SDH in treated group than
      in non-treated jaundiced animals. It suggest the effectiveness of hemoperfusion
      with activated charcoal in the treatment of occlusive jaundice. There were no
      alteration in the hematological studies, serum electrolyte levels and kidney
      function tests. PT and PTT was prolonged in the jaundiced animals there were no
      significant differences with and without hemoperfusion.

PMID- 970084
TI  - Use of rose bengal iodine 131-tagged isotope for testing liver function in 4000
      patients.
AB  - Within 12 years, 4000 patients with hepatic lesions, were examined by the author.
      Examinations included: clinical, laboratory, biopsy, together with radioactive
      Rose-bengal 131I. RBR test prooved to be more sensitive than known laboratory
      liver function tests. In diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis,
      histological examinations remain to be decisive, though biopsy is not always
      recommended from view point of prognosis. The isotope procedure has a great
      advantage besides to its sensitive registration of liver cells functions, it
      offers good informations about flowness of bile tract. The bladder diagrams
      increase by action of milk-chocolate meals (24 hours), after which, urine
      analysis, estimation of blood activity and resting-liver activity can be of
      value. Harm due to radiation in RBR test is a minimum, so it can be repeated
      several times in order to follow progression of liver diseases. RBR examination
      is recommended for all big hospitals.

PMID- 970085
TI  - Endogenous motilin and lower esophageal sphincter pressure in man: clue to an
      association.
AB  - In man (n = 5), after intraduodenal instillation of 50 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric
      acid the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and plasma motilin
      concentrations rise concomitantly exceeding basal by about 80% (p less than
      0.025) and 90% (p less than 0.05), respectively, at 3 to 4 minutes. These results
      suggest that the increase in LESP after duodenal acidification may be brought
      about by endogenously released motilin.

PMID- 970086
TI  - The diffuse hypertrophy of the lower esophagus and the focal hypertrophy of the
      pyloric musculature in adults.
AB  - The diffuse hypertrophy of the lower esophagus is a hypertrophy and hyperplasia
      of the smooth muscle fibres of the M. propria, together with a distortion of the
      muscular architecture. The esophagogram reveals an impaired peristalsis and
      expansile ability of the esophagus lumen. The focal hypertrophy of the pyloric
      musculature in adults is a locally circumscribed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of
      the M. propria. The concentric pattern of the M. propria is no longer maintained.
      Radiologically one recognizes a benign pylorus stenosis with a complete systole
      and an impaired diastolic dilatation. On the basis of these macroscopical,
      microscopical and radiological findings both lesions differ from the circular
      pyloric or esophageal stenosis which occurs at the same anatomical sites. We
      therefore feel, that both lesions are different entities.

PMID- 970087
TI  - Nervous stimulation of gastrin release.

PMID- 970088
TI  - Possible role of beta-glucuronidase in the normal and regenerating tail of the
      house lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis.
AB  - Histochemical demonstration of beta-glucuronidase was carried out in the normal
      and regenerating tail of the house lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis. Greater
      enzyme activity was particularly discernible in the stratum germinativum of the
      skin of the normal and fully regenerated tail. During regeneration most of the
      cellular elements of the blastema and the differentiating regenerate exhibited
      enzyme activity. Distribution of the enzyme beta-glucuronidase is correlated with
      the high degree of cellular proliferation. The role of the enzyme in the
      catabolism of mucopolysaccharides is also implicated during the wound-healing
      phase. In the full-grown regenerate the intensity and distribution of the enzyme
      activity were found to be the same as those observed in the normal tail.

PMID- 970089
TI  - Quantitative studies on the mouse facial nerve trunk distal to the geniculate
      ganglion. An electron-microscopic study.
AB  - A fiber count analysis was performed with the electron microscope on the facial
      nerve trunk distal to the geniculate ganglion in seven mice. On an average, 4,836
      (93%) of the total nerve fibers (5,201) were myelinated and 328 (6.3%)
      unmyelinated. The large part of the nerve consisted mostly of large myelinated
      fibers (large-fiber group). The small part of the nerve consisted of small
      myelinated and unmyelinated fibers (small-fiber group). The fiber constitution of
      the small-fiber group in the nerve was more like that in the intermediate nerve
      than that of the small-fiber group in the motor root of the facial nerve. Thus,
      it is postulated that the nerve fibers of the small-fiber group in the facial
      nerve trunk distal to the geniculate ganglion may be derived from the
      intermediate nerve, and that the nerve fibers of the small-fiber group in the
      motor root of facial nerve may course to the greater petrosal nerve.

PMID- 970090
TI  - [The surface-coat of Rathke's pouch and the neural tube in embryonic mice].
AB  - Mouse embryos, gestation days 10 and 11, were fixed by the method of LUFT
      (ruthenium red). At the ultrastructural level, luminal epithelial cell membranes
      of Rathke's pouch and the neural tube were coated with a continuous, electron
      dense layer of 100-700 A thickness. The biological property of this surface coat
      is discussed.

PMID- 970091
TI  - Studies on the structure and function of Gomori-positive glial cells in the rat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Electron-microscopic, histochemical and endocrinologic study of aldehyde-fuchsin
      positive (Gomori-positive; GP) grains of rat brain periventricular glia (GP glia)
      was carried out. GP structures appear as a population of osmiophilic particles,
      which is heterogeneous in both shape and size. Laminar structures interspersed
      with fine granular material were seen in the GP granules. No activity of the
      lysosomal and mitochondrial enzymes could be observed. The reaction for
      peroxidase was also negative. The GP material was stained with PAS and Ziehl
      Nielsen. There are apparently no lipoid inclusions in the GP grains. The primary
      red-orange fluorescence distinguishes the GP glia from other structures in the
      rat brain. So GP grains are a specific cytoplasmic formation having some
      similarity to lipofuscin. There was a considerable decrease in GP grains after
      administration of estradiol in ovariectomized rats and also in pregnant rats.
      Dopamine administration and starvation caused some reduction in GP grains. In the
      rat hypothalamus, distribution of the main mass of GP glia corresponds with the
      so-called hypophysiotropic area. The possible participation of GP glia in the
      neuroendocrinological process is discussed.

PMID- 970092
TI  - Cytological identification of sex in pig embryos at indifferent gonadal stages.
AB  - A reliable method of sex identification in pig embryos at sexually indifferent
      and early differentiated gonadal stages (age 21-26 days) was developed in
      association with ultrastructural studies on gonadal development and
      differentiation. The routine carbolfuchsin staining for the sex chromatin and the
      quinacrine mustard dihydrochloride staining for the fluorescent Y chromosome were
      not successful when applied to interphase cells. Therefore, it was necessary to
      develop a method for complete chromosome preparations. Head, heart and liver
      proved to have a sufficiently high spontaneous mitotic rate without any mitogenic
      stimulation. The tissues were suspended in the culture medium. Optimal conditions
      for colchicine treatment and hypotonization were tested and the details of the
      procedure are reported. This direct method yielded adequate metaphase plates for
      chromosome analyses in pig embryos. Because no culturing is used, the method is
      rapid and artefactual changes in the chromosomes during stimulated cell divisions
      in vitro are avoided.

PMID- 970093
TI  - Sexual dimorphism in the basilar part of the occipital bone of the dog (Canis
      familiaris).
AB  - Sexual dimorphism in the surface markings of the basilar part of the occipital
      bone of 34 male and 46 female dog's skulls were studied with the following
      results: 1 of the 34 male skulls showed a female type surface marking, 4 of the
      46 female skulls showed surface markings of the opposite sex, while 2 of the male
      and 3 of the female skulls could not be classified as belonging to either type,
      so that 10 out of the 80 skulls could not be identified correctly, indicating
      that 87.5% of the skulls could be identified positively. Considering that there
      are hardly any sexual differences in the other surface markings or in the
      dentition of the dog's skull, these findings may be of some help in sexing the
      skull of the dog.

PMID- 970094
TI  - Non-specific esterases in the gustatory epithelia of man and dog.
AB  - (1) Simple esterase activity has been demonstrated in the gustatory epithelium of
      man and dog by the simultaneous coupling azo dye technique using alpha-naphthol
      and naphthol As acetate. Unfixed cryostat and fixed paraffin sections were used.
      (2) A peculiar pattern of simple esterase activity was encountered in which-
      contrary to what was to be expected--the taste bud-carrying papillae showed a
      very poor reaction while there was a gradual increase in the enzyme intensity as
      the epithelium was traced away from these papillae. (3) It seems that among the
      reported differences between simple esterases and cholinesterases is this
      differential activity in relation to the gemmal system. (4) A peculiar difference
      in the enzyme activity was reported between the unfixed cryostat and the fixed
      paraffin sections in the human material.

PMID- 970095
TI  - Re-evaluation of the colic irrigation from the superior mesenteric artery.
AB  - 156 abdominal preparations were explored by arteriography, corrosion and
      dissection. The ileocolic artery is the most constant collateral of the superior
      mesenteric artery. It provides a ramus colicus which is often confused with a
      true arteria colica dextra. The a. colica dextra, arising on the superior
      mesenteric artery, is found in only 13% of the abdominal preparations. The PNA
      'a. colica media' covers a system of individually varying vessels: a. colica
      media, common stem of r. anguli coli and r. coli transversi; a. anguli coli, a.
      coli transversi; a. colica sinistra accessoria and a. coli transversi accessoria.
      Both mesenteric arteries may be linked by a intermesenteric arch (12%).

PMID- 970096
TI  - Termination in the stellate ganglion of axons arising from the hilar vegetative
      plexus of the lung. Peripheral reflex arcs.
AB  - In cats the right lung was removed by thoracotomy. After 24-48 h the right
      stellate ganglion, the communicating branches between the right stellate ganglion
      and the right vagus, as well as the portion of both vagus nerves below and above
      the communicating branches, were processed for electron-microscopic
      investigation. Degeneration of synaptic axon terminals in the anteromedial part
      of the stellate ganglia, occurring after removal of the ipsilateral lung, shows
      that processes of ganglion cells located in the terminal ganglia of the bronchial
      tree establish synapses in the stellate ganglia. These results speak in favour of
      the existence of peripheral reflex arcs in the autonomic nervous system. For the
      time being, the data are not sufficient to define a new pathway related to the
      autonomic ganglia.

PMID- 970097
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the relationship between pericytes and cerebral
      macrophages.
AB  - We studied, with the electron microscope, the normal cerebral cortex of white
      rats and zones adjacent to puncture wounds. The data obtained in this study,
      demonstrated the passage of pericytes to the nervous tissue, after the rupture of
      the basal membrane, and their transformation into macrophages. We suggest the
      possibility of the transformation of the pericytes into microglial cells.

PMID- 970098
TI  - Arterial supply to the hypogastric and presacral nerves.
AB  - The hypogastric nerves take an arterial supply from the internal iliac artery
      either directly or from one of its main branches close to its origin from the
      parent trunk. Sometimes the supply is from the lower end of the common iliac
      artery. In half the cases examined the presacral nerve takes an arterial supply
      from the aorta at its bifurcation.

PMID- 970099
TI  - The existence of dendrovascular glomera in the central nervous system and their
      possible functional value.

PMID- 970100
TI  - Ultrastructure of articular cartilage of achondroplastic mice.
AB  - Articular chondrocytes of achondroplastic mice (cn/cn) resemble ultrastructurally
      those of their non-achondroplastic siblings (Cn/Cn or Cn/cn), except for
      premature deposition of glycogen and a tendency to undergo regression. The latter
      may be slight or extreme. The ultimate cause of the vulnerability of the
      chondrocytes and the cause of the heterogeneity of the reaction could not be
      determined with the method employed. Nevertheless, increased vulnerability
      accounts for cell death under conditions which are usually not injurious, and
      which may be either physiologic or altered by endogenous or exogenous factors.

PMID- 970101
TI  - Effect of triamcinolone on the ultrastructure of mouse hepatocytes.
AB  - Premature female mice were injected daily with 1.5 mg/kg body weight of
      triamcinolone diacetate for 10 and 21 consecutive days. Electron-microscopic
      study of hepatocytes indicated the formation of 'giant' mitochondria concomitant
      with a marked increase in the number and size of lipid droplets. Hypertrophied
      mitochondria and enlarged lipid droplets were found to be in a close
      topographical association. The mechanism of mitochondrial enlargement is
      discussed as well as the latters' role in the hepatocytes' lipid metabolism.

PMID- 970102
TI  - Study in the changes of the proportions and numbers of the various glial cell
      types in the spinal cord of neonatal and young adult rats.
AB  - Glioblasts, astrocytes, microglia and the three classes of oligodendroyctes were
      enumerated in the grey and white matter of the spinal cord of rats of various
      ages. Both regions showed fairly similar results. Glioblasts, which made up the
      major glial population in the newborn rats, declined steadily with age and their
      number became negligible by 22 days post natum. They were absent in the young
      adult rats (aged 70 days). Contrary to this, the major glial types increased
      rapidly with age, the increase being most drastic in the oligodendrocytic
      population. The growth continued through about 22 days after birth and became
      more or less stabilized thereafter. Of the three classes of oligodendrocytes, the
      light cells appeared to develop first, followed by the medium dense cells and
      subsequently the dark ones. While there was a gradual disappearance of the light
      and medium dense cells with age, there was an accumulation of the dark cells, so
      that they were predominant in the spinal cord of the young adult rats.

PMID- 970103
TI  - Fine structure of precapillary arterioles of skeletal muscle in the rat.
AB  - The submicroscopic structure of the precapillary arterioles with a diameter of 25
      6 mum was followed in m. spinotrapezius of the rat. The walls of the precapillary
      arterioles of the diameter of 25-20 mum consist of the endothelium, one layer of
      smooth muscle cells, 3-4 bundles of nerve fibres and a one-layer coat of
      fibrocytes. Arterioles of the diameter of 20-10 mum have an incomplete fibrocytar
      coat. Arterioles of the diameter of 10-6 mum also have an incomplete,
      disseminated muscular layer. The side-branching of true capillaries was not
      detected. Hence the described arteriolar portion cannot be considered as a
      metarteriole, but as a regulation device of a segmentary type, regulating the
      blood flow through the corresponding part of the capillary network as a whole.

PMID- 970104
TI  - Anatomical study of the cervical sympathetic trunk and ganglia in the albino rat
      (Mus norvegicus albinus).
AB  - Nine adult albino rats of both sexes were studied. 16 sympathetic trunks and
      ganglia were dissected in detail in eight rats. The right and left superior
      cervical ganglion and the sympathetic trunk below the ganglion were removed from
      an additional rat. The cell bodies of these ganglia and the axons of the trunks
      were counted with the aid of light and electron microscopy. Considering the
      number and location of ganglia and patterns of branching, the rat's cervical
      sympathetic nervous system compares closely with man's. There appears to be a
      relationship between body size and myelination of preganglionic neurons in the
      cervical sympathetic trunks, with smaller animals having the least number of
      myelinated fibers.

PMID- 970105
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the epithelium of the major pancreatic duct in sheep].
AB  - Light-and electron-microscopic and some histochemical investigations on the
      epithelium or the ductus pancreaticus major were carried out in sheep. At least
      six different cell types are recognizable: (1) nondifferentiated duct cells; (2)
      cells containing apical secretory granules; (3) goblet cells; the mucosubstances
      of type 2 and 3 are PAS- and Alcian-blue-positive, also reacting wih methenamine
      silver; (4) ciliated cells, containing a single cilium with the microtubular
      pattern 9+2; (5) tuft cells with extremely long and wide microvilli and a pear
      shaped cell body; (6) migrating cells, mainly lymphocytes and some assumed
      eosinophils, showing reaction to Mg++-activated ATPase.

PMID- 970106
TI  - Preparation of fresh-frozen dried ultrathin sections by drying without vacuum.
AB  - Fresh-frozen dried ultrathin sections were prepared without fixation, embedding
      or staining. Small blocks of tissues were chilled by making contact with copper
      blocks precooled with liquid nitrogen according to a procedure modified from that
      of Christensen. Sections were cut at -95 degrees C with a Reichert Um 2
      ultramicrotome fitted with cryoaccessories, using dry glass knives. The sections
      were dried for 15 min or more on formvar-coated grids by a flow of dry nitrogen
      gas at -95 degrees C in a newly devised glass chamber placed in the cryokit
      compartment. The sections showed only a few holes attributable to ice crystal
      formation. Holes were found in the intercellular spaces as well as within cells.
      The sections were observed without staining and gave enough contrast to permit
      recognition of organelles such as nucleus, perinuclear cisternae, nucleolus,
      interchromatin granules, perichromatinic granules and secretory granules in the
      pancreatic exocrine cells. In the basal part of the proximal convoluted tubules
      of mouse kidney, abundant mitochondria were seen. Mitochondrial cristae and lines
      corresponding to the basal infoldings of the renal convoluted tubules were less
      dense than their surroundings. This method can yield ultrathin sections lending
      themselves to investigations of the distribution of elements with electron-probe
      X-ray microanalyzer and of diffusible substances by dry-mount autoradiography at
      the electron-microscopic level.

PMID- 970107
TI  - [Wall structure of cisterna chyli in humans studied by light and scanning
      electron microscopy].
AB  - Comparing light and scanning electron microscopy of a chronically lymphostatic
      and two normal cisternae chyli made visible a normally folded and smoothened
      (under load) cisternal wall. Different orifices of the supplying lymph-collecting
      vessels with varying valve structures were seen. The functional meaning of the
      orifice types and of the valves for the uptake of lymph and chylus into the
      cisterna as well as for the blockage of lymphatic reflux out of the filled
      cisterna were discussed.

PMID- 970108
TI  - Electromyographic study of the m. biceps brachii in movements at the glenohumeral
      joint.
AB  - Our electromyographic studies on the participation of the m. biceps brachii in
      the movements of the glenohumeral joint, performed in 20 young adult male
      volunteers, permit the following conclusions: (1) In the movement of arm flexion,
      performed against resistance and with extended elbow, both the long and the short
      heads of the m. biceps brachii were active in all 30 volunteers examined. (2) The
      same movement of the arm, arm flexion with extended elbow, now without
      resistance, that is to say performed freely, showed both the long and short heads
      of the m. biceps brachii active in the majority of cases. (3) In the movements of
      arm extension, performed freely and aganst resistance, with extended elbow, and
      also in the movement of lateral arm rotatin with flexed elbow, with and without
      resistance, the m. biceps brachii was absolutely inactive in all 30 volunteers
      examined. (4) In the movement of arm abduction, with extended elbow, the element
      of resistance to the performance showed itself to be important, since without it
      the m. biceps brachii was absolutely inactive; in the movement performed against
      resistance both heads of the muscle showed activity in 3 out of the 30 volunteers
      tested. (5) In the movements of arm abduction with and without resistance, with
      flexed elbow, the m. biceps brachii was active on occasion. (6) In the Movements
      of arm adduction against resistance, with the elbow either flexed or extended, it
      was only the short head of the m. biceps brachii which was active, and this in
      half of the cases examined. (7) In the movements of medical rotation of the arm,
      with extended elbow, performed freely or against resistance, the long and the
      short heads of the m. biceps brachii each showed a different behaviour: the long
      head was always inactive, whereas the short one was seldom active.

PMID- 970109
TI  - Eyedness.
AB  - The so-called 'eyedness' with regard to fixation of the gaze on a particular
      point has been investigated on 283 right-handed and 30 left-handed healthy
      persons of Central India. The results show that the majority (65.81%) of them are
      right-eyed, and that the eyedness is not influenced by sex or handedness. Though
      the left cerebral hemisphere seems to play a dominant role in gaze fixation in
      the greater proportion of the population, consideration of the joint of the two
      cerebral hemispheres for individual functions of the body has been advocated.

PMID- 970110
TI  - Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. IV. Behaviour of biogenic
      amines.
AB  - Behaviour of biogenic amines was studied in the brains of Mongolian gerbils
      subjected to unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. Assays on the
      hemispheres ipsilateral to occlusion revealed in symptom-positive animals a
      progressive decrease in norepinephrine and dopamine, and an increase in serotonin
      throughout the duration of an ischemic insult. In post-ischemic periods following
      the release of the clip, changes in biogenic amine levels generally conformed to
      the principles of a previously described "maturation" phenomenon, with delayed
      reactions occurring after the shorter ischemic insults.

PMID- 970111
TI  - Status spongiosus of rat central nervous system induced by actinomycin D.
AB  - The effect on central myelin of Actinomycin D, an RNA--and, secondarily, a
      protein-synthesis inhibitor, has been studied by light and electron microscopy.
      The intracranial injection of this drug produced an extensive status spongiosus
      of the white matter in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and optic nerve
      within 48 h. The status spongiosus was due to vacuole formation within the myelin
      sheath and to enlargement of the extracellular space. Three types of vacuoles
      were observed: (a) the most common varieties formed between the inner tongue and
      the remainder of the myelin sheath; (b) a second variety formed by enlargement of
      the periaxonal space with separation of the axon from its myelin sheath, and (c)
      a less common type of vacuolization was due to splitting of the myelin lamellae
      at the interperiod line to form large intramyelinic vacuoles. Myelinic vacuoles
      were preceded by nuclear and cytoplasmic changes in oligodendrocytes, which
      included nucleolar segregation, disaggregation, and diminution in number of
      ribosomes. These changes were similar to those previously reported in a variety
      of cells exposed to Actinomycin D. It is suggested that myelin vacuoles result
      secondarily from the Actinomycin D inhibitory effect on oligodendroglial RNA--and
      protein-synthesis, rather than from a direct effect of this drug on the myelin
      sheath.

PMID- 970112
TI  - The brain-specific S 100 protein in small cerebral stab wounds in the rat: a
      quantitative study.
AB  - A quantitative study of the changes in water-soluble proteins and water-soluble S
      100 was made in stab-wounded rat frontal cortex as compared to unoperated
      controls. No great changes occurred until 30 days after the injury. At that time
      there was no change in the amount of water-soluble  S 100 protein/g wet weight,
      but a large decrease in the amount of water-soluble proteins/g wet weight and
      thus a proportionate increase in the amount of water-soluble S 100 protein/mg of
      water-soluble proteins. The significance of the results is discussed.

PMID- 970113
TI  - Cycloleucine uptake in the brainstem of thiamine-deficient rats.
AB  - Immature female rats were subjected to acute dietary deficiency of thiamine. An
      autoradiographic method was used in the semi-quantitative determination of
      concentration of 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid-carboxylic-14C
      (cycloleucine) in brainstem regions after intravenous administration of tracer
      quantities. The time course of tissue concentrations was followed and compared
      with that of normal and isocaloric control animals. Our data indicate that
      thiamine deficiency of sufficient magnitude to induce brainstem lesions has an
      effect on the transport of cycloleucine. The initial 2 min values in the nuclear
      areas are appreciably reduced whereas the 6 min values are significantly elevated
      as compared with controls; no change was demonstrated in the white matter of the
      inferior cerebellar peduncle. The effect on transport appears to be more on the
      mechanism of efflux than of influx in terms of blood brain barrier function.

PMID- 970114
TI  - [Neurosecretoric nerve-cell choristoma in the anterior pituitary (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Report on a blastomatous dysgenesia (choristoma) with dystopic accumulation of
      neurosecretoric nerve-cells in the anterior lobe of hypophysis of a 65 years old
      woman without clinical symptoms.

PMID- 970115
TI  - Crush injury to peripheral nerve. An electron microscope study employing
      horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Electron microscope observations were made of rat peroneal nerve after crushing
      using intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer protein to
      indicate changes in vascular permeability. At 1/2 h and 2 d after the crush there
      was gross leakage of HRP from damaged capillaries at the site of injury but none
      from vessels above or below this. Ultrastructurally vessels at the site of crush
      showed broken and separated endothelial cells. Proximally and distally there was
      little abnormal in the vessel walls; vesicles containing HRP were absent and
      tight-junctions between cells remained intact. Twenty-one days after the crush,
      leakage of HRP was found both at the site of crush and along the distal segment.
      The only change in vessel walls was an obvious increase in vesicles filled with
      HRP. Tracer was also found both in perivascular locations and throughout the
      endoneurial space.

PMID- 970116
TI  - [Pertrochanteric fractures of the femur at a geriatric center. Treatment by nail
      plate].

PMID- 970117
TI  - [Total megaprosthesis of the hip for pathological fracture of the femur neck].

PMID- 970118
TI  - [Treatment of various cervical-trochanteric fractures in the very old by
      extensive prosthesis of the upper end of the femur].

PMID- 970119
TI  - [Treatment of metastatic fractures in the subtrochanteric region. Biomechanical
      study; clinical cases].

PMID- 970120
TI  - [Therapy of pseudoathrosis of the femoral neck by alteration of mechanical
      stresses].

PMID- 970121
TI  - [Fractures of the humeral epiphysis in adults. Clinical study of 60 cases].

PMID- 970122
TI  - Technique of combined anterior and posterior wedge resection for fixed lumbar
      scoliosis. A case report.

PMID- 970123
TI  - [Chemotherapy in tuberculosis of the locomotor apparatus. Results in 252 cases].

PMID- 970124
TI  - Studies of transitional cell tumours of the bladder. Prognosis and causes of
      death.
AB  - Transitional cell tumours of the bladder from a total of 228 patients were
      histologically classified as papillomas, papillomatous carcinomas and non
      papillomatous carcinomas. Each group was subdivided into four grades of
      dysplasia. Papillomas and papillomatous carcinomas occurred in younger patients
      at a higher rate than non-papillomatous carcinomas. The 5-year-survival of
      patients with papillomas and carcinomas was 70 per cent and 26 per cent,
      respectively. Among patients with papillomas with dysplasia grades 1 and 2 the
      survival rate was almost identical. In the group of patients with papilloma
      thrombo-embolic diseases were the most common cause of death. Carcinoma of the
      bladder developed in about 30 per cent of the patients in this group. Recurrence
      of the papilloma only rarely changed the grade of dysplasia. If the recurrence
      was in the form of a carcinoma, an increase in the grade of dysplasia was common.
      The survival was more favourable among patients with carcinoma dysplasia grade 2
      than among those with dysplasia grade 3. The rate of survival was higher in the
      group of patients with papillomatous carcinoma than among patients with non
      papillomatous carcinomas. Among the decreased patients with primary carcinomas,
      77 per cent died with carcinoma of the bladder. To a certain degree, the grade of
      tumour cell dysplasia seems to be an expression of the malignancy of the tumours.
      The duration of the disease and the appearance of tumours (papillomatous, non
      papillomatous) may have relation to the patients' "defence" system. At autopsy,
      the papillomatous and non-papillomatous carcinomas were found to be similarly
      disseminated regardless of the difference in survival rate.

PMID- 970125
TI  - Urothelial changes of the renal papillae in Sprague-Dawley rats induced by long
      term feeding of phenacetin.
AB  - Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 0.535 per cent phenacetin in the diet
      for up to 110 weeks. Twenty-six of these rats developed urothelial hyperplasia,
      partly papillary, of the renal papillae. Twenty-eight rats showed dilatation of
      the vasa recta frequently associated with thrombus formation and calcification.
      One phenacetin fed rat had epithelial hyperplasia associated with chronic
      pyelitis. In 2 of the 30 control rats urothelial hyperplasia was found to be
      associated with chronic pyelitis. The hyperplastic urothelial changes and
      vascular changes were often, but not always, present simultaneously. One control
      rat developed a mammary carcinoma, as compared with 5 rats in the phenacetin
      group. Four phenacetin fed rats developed carcinoma of the ear duct. The results
      of the present investigation provide evidence that phenacetin can induce
      proliferative lesions of the urothelium of the rat renal pelvis with weak
      carcinogenic activity in the ear duct and mammary glands.

PMID- 970126
TI  - A synergistic effect of oestradiol and prolactin influencing the incidence of 3
      methylcholanthrene induced cerivical carcinomas in mice.
AB  - Castrated NMRI mice were laparotomized and a thread impregnated with beeswax
      methylcholanthrene was inserted into the uterine cervix. Beginning on the day of
      operation and for a further 5 days the animals were injected with oestradiol,
      prolactin, oestradiol-prolactin, oestradiol-prolactin-progesterone, or the
      solvents for the hormones only. One group of animals were injected with
      oestradiol-prolactin for 6 days and later with progesterone every third day until
      death. The animals were killed one or 4 weeks after the operation. Among the one
      week animals the number of cervices presenting epithelial downgrowths ("buds")
      into the stroma was higher after treatment with a combination of oestradiol and
      prolactin than after treatment with each hormone separately or among the
      controls. Four weeks after operation, the incidence of squamous cervical
      carcinomas was seen to be significantly higher among animals injected with both
      oestradiol and prolactin than in controls or in those injected with oestradiol or
      prolactin alone. Progesterone had no definite effect on the oestradiol-prolactin
      induced incidence. The mechanism behind the synergistic effect of prolactin and
      oestradiol is discussed.

PMID- 970127
TI  - Participation of renal, but not of submaxillary renin in the homeostasis of the
      blood pressure after experimentally induced hypotension in mice.
AB  - While hypotension elicited a marked increase in plasma renin concentration in
      conscious normal mice, no increase was provoked in previously nephrectomized mice
      in spite of the high renin content of their submaxillary glands. The role of the
      increased release of renal renin for the homeostasis of the blood pressure was
      shown by the decrease in pressure which followed blockade of the renin system.
      Contrary to Saralasin which did not change the blood pressure in nephrectomized
      mice, injections of SQ 20.881 did in some mice result in a decrease in blood
      pressure, which was probably caused by its ability to inhibit bradykininases.
      Both Saralasin and SQ 20.881 elicited marked increases in plasma renin in normal,
      but not in nephrectomized mice, showing that, while renal renin release is
      controlled by the plasma angiotensin II concentration, this does not apply to
      submaxillary renin release.

PMID- 970128
TI  - Polyvinylpyrrolidone-storage disease. Light microscopical, ultrastructural and
      chemical verification.
AB  - The light and electron microscopical findings in the polyvinylpyrrolidine-storage
      disease are reported on the basis of biopsies of skin, striated muscle, bone
      marrow and liver from one patient and a subcutaneous nodule from another patient.
      Both patients suffer from diabetes insipidus and have been treated for several
      years with Insipidin retard, which contains polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the
      retarding agent. Deposits of PVP have been demonstrated in all the tissues
      examined and can easily be recognized by certain staining qualities. The
      combination of haematoxylin-eosin, elastin (Weigert), alkaline Congo red and
      Sirius red for amyloid and PTAH is specially to be recommended. The
      ultrastructural findings consist of intracellular vacuoles containing a granular
      material and probably representing lysosomes. The final identification of the
      nature of the deposits has been made by spectrophotometric analysis. The
      suspicion of a case of PVP-storage disease should result in a skin biopsy which
      usually is sufficient for the diagnosis.

PMID- 970129
TI  - Diabetic cardiopathy. Quantitative histological studies of the heart from young
      juvenile diabetics.
AB  - A quantitative morphological study, at light microscopical level, of hearts from
      young diabetics and nondiabetics was performed. The groups were comparable with
      respect to sex-ratio, age, heart weight and blood pressure. Findings in the
      hearts were as follows: In arterioles in which the luminal diameter ranged
      between 15-50 mu, a strongly PAS-positive stained vessel wall occurred at a
      higher frequency among diabetics than among non-diabetics (75 per cent
      respectively 33 per cent). The PAS-positive structures, however, occupied the
      same area of the vessel wall in the two groups. In arterioles from diabetics, the
      number of cells in tunica media was increased as compared with that in non
      diabetics (2 p less than 0.01). The amount of perivascular connective tissue was
      also increased in the diabetics (2 p less than 0.01). There was no indication of
      an endothelial cell proliferation in the PAS-positive stained vessels from
      diabetics and non-diabetics. The wall of the capillaries was not thickened and it
      was not more PAS-positive in the hearts from diabetics than in those from non
      diabetics. Moreover, the number of capillaries per square millimeter of heart
      muscle was the same in the two groups of hearts. In the present light
      microscopical study, the diabetic micro-angiography of the heart was demonstrable
      in the arterioles. The capillaropathy known to occur in other organs was not
      present in the heart muscle from patients with diabetes of long standing.

PMID- 970130
TI  - Experimental porcine nephropathy: changes of renal function and structure
      perorally induced by crystalline ochratoxin A.
AB  - Nine pigs were fed crystalline ochratoxin A in amounts corresponding to a feed
      level of 1 mg per kg for 3 months. The only observable lesion developed was a
      kidney damage, identical to the naturally occurring porcine nephropathy. The
      changes of renal function was characterized by impairment of proximal tubular
      function, indicated by a decrease of the ratio TmPAH/CIn, of the ability to
      concentrate urine, and by an increased urinary excretion of glucose. The decrease
      of the ratio TmPAH/CIn is correlated with time of exposure to ochratoxin A. The
      changes of renal structure were characterized by degeneration of the proximal
      tubules, leading to tubular atrophy accompanied by interstitial fibrosis. At the
      end of the experiment the kidney, liver, adipose and muscular tissue of the
      slaughtered pigs contained sizable amounts of ochratoxin A residues. As the pigs
      would have passed the meat inspection this represents a possible health problem.
      The changes observed in this study are identical to those observed by feeding to
      pigs grains naturally contaminated with ochratoxin A.

PMID- 970131
TI  - Routine procedure for determining goblet cell density in the mucosa of the
      respiratory tract.
AB  - In two normal nasal septa, fine-dissected and stained by PAS-alcian blue whole
      mount methods, counts of goblet cells were done in eight different localities in
      1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 fields measuring 0.01768 mm2. The median density
      and range of goblet cells by each mode of counting were compared and the mean
      deviation determined. Even as little as 2-5 blindly placed counts, which do not
      take much time, afford in a 4 mm2 area a fairly reliable orientation regarding
      density, considerably more reliable than an estimate of the density in sections,
      so often reported in the literature. Determination of the goblet cell density can
      be included as a routine method in the histopathological diagnosis of mucosal
      diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

PMID- 970132
TI  - Methicillin-induced nephropathy. A case with linear deposition of IgG and C3 on
      the tubular-basement-membrane.

PMID- 970133
TI  - The rapid-flow cytofluorometric identification of tumor cells in exfoliated cell
      populations.

PMID- 970134
TI  - Use of preformed cavities in rabbits for the quantitation of leukocyte chemotaxis
      caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
AB  - Wound chambers implanted subcutaneously in rabbits proved suitable for
      measurements of leukocyte chemotaxis. Injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) in the chambers the sixth day after implantation was followed by a marked
      increase of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the wound chamber fluid, the number
      of which was dependent on the time after application of LPS. Up to a certain
      amount of LPS, the concentration of leukocytes in the chamber fluid was dose
      dependent. The histopathological appearance of the granulation tissue lining the
      chamber wall one day after the injection of LPS from Veillonella revealed
      aggregation of blood cells plugging the lumina of small vessels and many
      eosinophilic leukocytes.

PMID- 970135
TI  - The effect of ascorbic acid on production of human interferon and the antiviral
      activity in vitro.
AB  - The effects of ascorbic acid on interferon production and on the antiviral effect
      of interferon in cultures of human cells were investigated. Ascorbic acid
      enhanced the interferon levels produced by human embryo skin and human embryo
      lung fibroblasts, induced by Newcastle disease virus and by polyinosinic
      polycytidylic acid. The same concentrations of ascorbic acid had no effect on
      interferon production in two lymphoblastoid cell lines induced by Sendai virus.
      Leucocyte interferon assayed in lung fibroblasts titrated 0.2-0.3 log10 units
      higher in the presence of 5 mug ascorbic acid than in the absence of the latter.

PMID- 970136
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of an unusual cell wall polysaccharide from animal
      coagulase-positive staphylococci. 1. Fragments obtained after hydrolysis in
      hydrofluoric acid and alkali.
AB  - Polysaccharide P (poly P) of canine coagulase-positive staphylococci contains
      glycerol, glucose, glucosamine, muramic acid, phosphate, and the usual
      peptidoglycan amino acids, but does not cross-react serologically with standard
      teichoic acids. Products from hydrolyses in hydrofluoric acid and alkali
      contained phosphates of glycerol and glucose as well as combinations of these,
      but neither glucosyl-glycerol units nor glucosamine-phosphates were observed. The
      teichoic acid of poly P is probably a polymer of a repeating unit consisting of
      alternating glycerol, phosphate and glucose.

PMID- 970137
TI  - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from Danish swine and dogs.
AB  - Seventeen strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated on examination of the
      caecal contents from 100 bacon pigs at slaughter. In another material consisting
      of 222 pigs with various diseases, the bacterium was found in 12 cases. Three out
      of 40 dogs were positive for the bacterium. Seven of the porcine and one of the
      canine strains belonged to serotype O 3, which is a human pathogen.

PMID- 970138
TI  - [Increase of interferon induction by basically modified polypeptides].

PMID- 970139
TI  - [In vitro study of chloramphenicol--tween interaction].

PMID- 970140
TI  - [Gas-liquid-chromatographic separation of thyroid hormones by using glass
      capillary columns].

PMID- 970141
TI  - [Analysis of talc used in tablet manufacturing, with special reference to
      histopathological aspects].

PMID- 970142
TI  - [Determination of the fluid-retaining capacity of ointment bases].

PMID- 970143
TI  - The critical transmural pressure of the abirway.
AB  - The critical transmural pressure (Ptm) is defined as the transmural pressure of
      the airway at the site where and when flow is limited during a forced expiration.
      According to the presented theory, the maximal expiratory flow (Vmax) can be
      calculated from the relation between Ptm and the corresponding cross-sectional
      area of the airway (A). By means of a pitot-static tube, Ptm-A curves were
      constructed for several locations in the elastic airway of a mechanical model.
      From these curves local Vmax was calculated at different values of Ptm and
      compared with actual flow, i.e. measured Vmax for the entire airway. In the
      downstream part of the airway, the actual flow equalled calculated Vmax at most
      Ptm values. The site of flow limitation, being the most upstream point where
      actual flow equals calculated local Vmax could therefore be located. Theory and
      experiments showed positive as well as negative Ptm not influenced by change in
      upstream or downstream resistance. Flow limitation could therefore be initiated
      at distending as well as compressing pressures across the wall of the airway. V
      was regarded as a function of Ptm and the elastic recoil pressure of the lung
      (Pel). Measured and calculated iso-Pel, Ptm-V curves agreed well with one major
      exception: when Ptm less than Ptm measured curves were distorted due to a
      concomitant downstrean compression of the collapsible airway.

PMID- 970144
TI  - Local reflex in microcirculation in human subcutaneous tissue.
AB  - The effect of changes in transmural pressure in the vessles of the extremities on
      blood flow in subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated in three healthy
      subjects. Changes in transmural pressure were obtained either by postural changes
      of a limb, by locally induced subatmospheric pressure, or be venous stasis. Blood
      flow in subcutaneous tissue was measured 10 cm distal to the fibular head and at
      the lateral malleolus in the leg, or in the distal part of the forearm by the
      local 133Xenon washout technique. When transmural pressure increased 25 mmHg or
      more, blood flow decreased about 50 per cent due to an increase in vascular
      resconstrictor response to increase in transmural pressure could be blocked by
      infiltrating the area under study with phentolamine or lidocaine or by induced
      counterpressure. In these cases blood flow remained constant. The findings
      indicate that the vasoconstrictor response to increase in transmural pressure of
      25 mmHg or more is due to a local nervous mechanism involving adrenergic nerves.
      The receptors are presumably stretch receptors placed in the small veins. The
      effector site is probably the arterioles. When the vasoconstrictor response is
      blocked, autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue, i.e. maintenance of
      constant blood flow during changes in perfusion pressure head or during changes
      in transmural pressure, is revealed. The vasoconstrictor response to increase in
      transmural pressure will counteract an increase in transmural pressure in the
      exchange vessles and thereby act as an edema protecting factor.

PMID- 970145
TI  - Hyperglycemic and hyperosmolar responses to graded hemorrhage.
AB  - Changes of the arterial plasma osmolality and of the glucose concentration were
      followed during a 30 min period of graded hemorrhagic hypotension (80, 50, and 30
      mmHg) in the cat. Bleeding evoked a significant plasma hyperosmolality at all
      three hypotension levles and the responses were quantitatively related to the
      degree of hypotension. An approximate steady state increase in the arterial
      plasma osmolality was reached about 20 min after the start of the bleeding and it
      then averaged 8. 20, and 25 mOsm/kg H2O at 80, 50, and 30 mmHg, respectively.
      Bleeding also evoked an increase in the plasma glucose concentration, which
      almost entirely accounted for the observed hyperosmolality, especially at 80 and
      50 mmHg. In late stages of hypotension at 30 mmHg, elevated plasma lactate and
      potassium concentrations contributed to the overall hyperosmolality. --Previous
      hemorrhagic hypotension experiments at 50 mmHg (Jarhult 1975 b) have shown that
      hyperosmolality serves as an important regulator of the plasma and extracellular
      fluid volumes during bleeding. The present results indicate that such an osmolar
      compensatory mechanism is operating over wide ranges of hemorrhagic hypotension.

PMID- 970146
TI  - Factors influencing the insulin space in cerebral cortex slices from adult and 7
      day-old rats.
AB  - The inulin spaces and swelling of brain cortex slices from adult and 7-day-old
      rats were measured under differing experimental conditions. At 37 degrees C
      inulin penetrated into larger compartments than at 0 degrees C in both age
      groups. At 37 degrees C the inulin space increased with decreasing concentration
      of inulin in the medium. At 0 degrees C the inulin space did not depend on the
      inulin concentration. The swelling of the slices at 37 degrees C diminished with
      increasing concentrations of inulin. Anaerobic conditions, 0.2, and 1.0 mmol/l
      sodium cyanide and 0.1 mmol/l dinitrophenol reduced the inulin space and caused
      increased swelling of the slices. 1.0 mmol/l sodium iodoacetate was ineffective.
      In anaerobic conditions the inulin space did not change significantly as a
      function of the inulin concentration. A serious disadvantage of the inulin space
      as an indicator of extracellular space is that its size depends on the inulin
      concentration used. The inulin itself may influence the size of the space to be
      measured. Inulin also in osmotically inactive concentrations considerably reduces
      the swelling of brain cortex slices.

PMID- 970147
TI  - The potassium concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in young and adult rats
      following complete brain ischemia. Effects of pretreatment with hypoxia.
AB  - The potassium concentration in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was
      measured following brain ischemia in rats of different ages which has been kept
      at normoxia or pretreated with hypoxia (PIO2 = 70 mmHg) for 24 h. In all age
      groups the potassium concentration rose following ischemia. The rate of rise was
      relatively slow in the 4-day rat and faster in 16- and 24-day rats; beyond this
      age the rate of rise became slower. Pretreatment with hypoxia significantly
      diminished the rate of rise in CSF potassium in 4- and 8-day rats, while no
      effect was observed in the older age groups. It is suggested that the rate of
      rise in CSF potassium is inversely correlated with the capacity of surviving a
      period of oxygen deprivation.

PMID- 970148
TI  - Characterization of serotonin-receptors in intracranial and extracranial vessels.

PMID- 970149
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 inhibits nerve stimulation-induced smooth muscle contraction in
      isolated human omental vein by depressing secretion of noradrenaline.

PMID- 970150
TI  - The effect of veratrine and aconitine on the excitability of sensory units in the
      tooth of the cat.
AB  - Intradental sensory nerve impulse activity was recorded by means of electrodes
      inserted into dentinal cavities in the tooth of the cat. Impulses of different
      amplitudes was recorded. Local application of aconitine (10(-3) g/ml) and
      veratrine (10(-3) g/ml) induced nerve impulse activity. A rapid increase in the
      temperature of the tooth surface to 45-47 degrees C, which is known to induce
      fluid movements in the dentinal tubuli, did not induce any nerve impulse
      activity. However, after pretreatment of a tooth cavity with veratrine a rapid
      increase in the temperature of the tooth surface gave rise to nerve impulse
      activity. Steady state impulse activity induced by brief local application of
      aconitine was influenced by a rapid increase in the temperature of the tooth;
      during the increase in temperature impulses of low amplitude increased in
      frequency while impulses of high amplitude were blocked. Furthermore, reduced
      pressure applied to the exposed dentin, which also induces fluid movements in the
      dentin, gave rise to nerve impulse activity. Thus the sensory units in the tooth
      are stimulated by dentinal fluid movements and alkaloids known to excite
      mechanoreceptors increase their excitability. It is therefore suggested that the
      intradental sensory nerve endings are mechanosensitive structures.

PMID- 970151
TI  - Decrease of oxygen consumption in the dog liver during temporary arterial
      occlusion.
AB  - The effects of occlusion of the hepatic artery on total and regional splanchnic
      oxygen consumption were studied in lightly anaesthetized dogs. Mean whole body
      oxygen uptake (+/- S.D.) was 4.72 +/- 0.55 ml/kg b.w. min-1, mean liver oxygen
      uptake (+/- S.D.) 1.18 +/- 0.42 ml/kg b.w. min-1 and mean oxygen uptake of the
      portally-drained tissues (+/- S.D.) was 0.80 +/- 0.54 ml/kg b.w. min-1 during the
      control period. The hepatic artery contributed 45 +/- 24% of the total liver
      oxygen uptake. The duration of occlusion was 45 min. Mean liver oxygen uptake was
      found to decrease to 64% of control values. The extraction of oxygen from the
      portal blood increased slightly. Mean whole body oxygen uptake and mean oxygen
      uptake of the portally-drained tissues were unchanged. 45 min after release of
      the hepatic artery occlusion, liver oxygen consumption had returned to control
      values. It is concluded that oxygen uptake in the liver is correlated to oxygen
      tension.

PMID- 970152
TI  - A method to correct for the influence of gas density on maximal expiratory flow
      rate.
AB  - Maximal expiratory flow rate (Vmax) was measured at 20, 35, 50, 65, and 80% vital
      capacity in 4 young healthy subjects breathing air, SF6/O2, and He/O2 mixtures.
      The flows of SF6/O2 and He/O2 were corrected to normal alveolar gasflow by means
      of only the density of the gases. The values for normal alveolar gasflow and
      corrected SF6/O2 flow were identical at 35% VC and larger volumes while the
      values for normal alveolar gasflow and corrected He/O2 flow were not. The results
      indicate that in young healthy subjects it is possible to correct Vmax at lung
      volumes above 35% VC for the changes induced by an increase in density of the gas
      breathed, provided viscosity is not much changed. Without correction, Vmax after
      O2-breathing will be underestimated by about 6%, compared with Vmax for normal
      alveolar gas, whereas a change in alveolar CO2 concentrations between 3 and 9%
      only causes a 1% decrease of Vmax.

PMID- 970153
TI  - Renal renin output during continuous intracarotid infusions of iso- and
      hypertonic sodium chloride solutions in the rat.
AB  - On male Sprague Dawley rats isotonic NaCl during control and 1 M NaCl were
      infused either into the carotid artery or i.v. Glomerular filtration rate, sodium
      output and plasma renin activity were determined. Five of 19 animals reacted with
      no increase in sodium output for 1 M NaCl and are treated as a different group
      from the animals reacting with an increased sodium output. For the animals
      reacting with an increased sodium output a decrease in plasma renin activity was
      found together with an increase in glomerular filtration rate. In both groups the
      plasma sodium was constant. The animals not reacting with an increased sodium
      output had a higher initial plasma renin activity, which did not change during 1
      M NaCl infusion. The responses were equal for both intracarotid and i.v.
      infusions but with a somewhat longer delay before the response occurred with i.v.
      infusions. These results might be explained by a central nervous effect and by a
      direct renal effect. Also during 1 M NaCl infusion a possible extracellular
      volume expansion, derived from water withdrawal from the cells into the
      extracellular space might occur.

PMID- 970154
TI  - Intrinsic regulation of blood flow in adipose tissue.
AB  - Previous studies on intact human subcutaneous tissue have shown, that blood flow
      remains constant during minor changes in perfusion pressure. This so-called
      autoregulatory response has not been demonstrable in isolated preparations of
      adipose tissue. In the present study on isolated, denervated subcutaneous tissue
      in female rabbits only 2 of 12 expts. revealed an autoregulatory response during
      reduction in arterial perfusion pressure. Effluent blood flow from the tissue in
      the control state was 15.5 ml/100 g-min (S.D. 6.4, n = 12) corresponding to
      slight vasodilatation of the exposed tissue. Following total ischemia all
      experiments showed a period with reactive hyperemia, and both duration of
      hyperemia and excess flow was related to the duration of the ischemia. This
      response therefore seems more resistant to the experimental procedure, while
      autoregulation of blood flow to lowered pressure is more susceptible to surgical
      exposure of the tissue. During elevation of arterial perfusion pressure blood
      flow in the isolated tissue showed a transient increase and then almost returned
      to the level during normotension, indicating an elevated vascular resistance.
      Raising of venous pressure elicited vasoconstriction with pronounced flow
      reduction. These two reactions may be important for local regulation of blood
      flow in subcutaneous tissue during orthostatic changes in arterial and venous
      pressure. It is concluded that the response in adipose tissue to changes in
      arterial pressure (autoregulation), venous pressure and total ischemia appear to
      be elicited by different mechanisms.

PMID- 970155
TI  - Influence of moderate vasoconstriction on the wave reflection properties of the
      pulmonary arterial bed.
AB  - Increased transmural pressure in the pulmonary arterial bed may reduce vascular
      input impedance and reduce hydraulic power linked to pulsatile blood flow.
      Vascular impedance and pulsatile hydraulic power (Wp) levels of isolated perfused
      rabbit lungs were compared after similar rises of pulmonary arterial pressure
      (PAp), induced either by vasoconstriction or by left atrial pressure (LAp)
      elevation. Resulting Wp levels were significantly smaller after vasoconstriction
      than LAp elevation. Wp showed a minimum level at physiologic PAp (about 20 cm
      H2O) irrespective of the cause of PAp elevation. Pressure pulse wave reflection
      coefficient (see article) was calculated for control and test situations, and was
      found to be approximately doubled after vasoconstriction. Only minor changes in
      (see article) were found after LAp elevation. Accordingly, moderate
      vasoconstriction (resulting PAp approximately 20 cm H2O) caused a backward
      traveling pressure wave of high amplitude, appearing in counter-phase to the
      forward pressure wave at the input site. The total pressure wave amplitude was
      thereby markedly lowered, resulting in a reduced Wp level. We assume that this
      effect of moderate vasoconstriction may be one reason for the existence of
      vascular smooth muscles in the pulmonary arteries.

PMID- 970156
TI  - The influence of pulmonary blood flow rate on vascular input impedance and
      hydraulic power in the sympathetically and noradrenaline stimulated cat lung.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the influence of sympathetic nerve
      stimulation (SN) and alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation (alphaS) on the
      pulmonary vascular input impedance and hydraulic power output of the right heart
      during variations of cardiac output (CO). An open chest cat preparation was used
      and pulsatile pressure and flow in the pulmonary artery were measured by high
      frequency response transducers. Calculations showed that vascular resistance (VR)
      was inversely dependent on CO, but input impedance of the unstimulated lung was
      not influenced by CO variations. NS or alphaS increased VR and input impedance
      significantly, and the relation pulsatile hydraulic power/total hydraulic power
      (Wp/Wt) increased 40%, indicating that such stimulation has larger relative
      influence on impedance than on resistance. The reduction of arterial compliance
      during NS (maximal stimulus) was calculated to be 60%, independent of CO. Input
      impedance during NS or alphaS was reduced by CO elevations, probably because the
      concomitant distension of the arterial bed reduced arterial resistance and
      inertance. The ratio Wp/CO, which expresses the fraction of pulsatile hydraulic
      power lost per ml mean arterial flow, was found to be flow dependent both in
      control and stimulated conditions: Wp/CO was positively correlated to CO in
      control condition and weakly negatively correlated to CO during stimulation. At
      high CO the arterial vessels could be stimulated and stiffened without much extra
      load on the right heart.

PMID- 970157
TI  - Influence of vessel distension and myogenic tone on pulmonary arterial input
      impedance. A study using a computer model of rabbit lung.
AB  - A computer model of the pulmonary arterial (PA) bed of rabbit lungs was designed
      in order to test experimental observations of changes in PA input impedance and
      pulsatile hydraulic power (cap.) during increased PA pressure. The computer model
      was based on a simple 3-component analog representation of single vessels (i.e.
      resistance, inertance and compliance). 16 generations of arterial vessels, from
      PA to 60 mum diameter, were combined to calculate PA input impedance. Input
      impedance was found to mimic closely that observed experimentally. Both venous
      pressure elevation and arteriolar constriction was found to reduce input
      impedance and Wp. By combining arteriolar constriction with increased myogenic
      tone of the larger arteries, Wp was found to show a minimum level at a certain PA
      pressure, dependent on the degree of arterial stiffening. Wp was found to follow
      changes in arterial volume and resistance during stimulated vasoconstriction. Wp
      dissipation in arterial vessels was calculated to approx. 50% of total imput Wp
      at physiological pressure conditions, and could be reduced by one half after PA
      pressure increase from 20 to 50 cm H2O, despite a concurrent halving of arterial
      compliance. Arterial vessels smaller than 200 mum diameter were found to have
      negligible direct influence on PA input impedance.

PMID- 970158
TI  - Chemical sympathectomy of interscapular brown adipose tissue.
AB  - Adult non-cold adapted rats were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or
      saline and their interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) was removed after
      appropriate periods of time. Fluorescence histochemistry of control BAT
      demonstrated the presence of an extensive network of varicose fibers among the
      adipocytes and at the blood vessels. This was confirmed by electron microscopy
      which also revealed large and small dense core vesicles sparsely distributed in
      axons and terminals indicating the presence of noradrenaline (NA). After 6-OHDA
      injection the fluorescence from varicosities was abolished both among the
      adipocytes and at the vessels. Thus, chemical sympathectomy was more effective
      than surgical- or immunosympathectomy, which spare the innervation of adipocytes.
      Parallelling the disappearance of fluorescence was a significant decrease of
      measurable NA. During recovery the extractable NA increased before the
      reappearance of fluorescent varicosities. This could be explained by transmitter
      accumulation in the nervetrunks within the tissue, which, in general, appeared
      unaffected by 6-OHDA. A large number of cells with a strong yellowish
      fluorescence distributed through the BAT was unaffected by 6-OHDA. There was no
      evidence for the presence of intrinsic ganglia.

PMID- 970159
TI  - Inhibition of the lipolytic response to nerve stimulation during acidosis.
AB  - Acidosis inhibits catecholamine-induced lipolysis in vivo and in vitro. The
      lipolytic response of canine subcutaneous adipose tissue to short (5 min) nerve
      stimulations at 4 Hz was, however, not influenced by hypercapnic acidosis (pH
      7.0). The steady state outflow of glycerol during a prolonged nerve stimulation
      at 4 Hz was inhibited by 40 per cent (p less than 0.05) at pH 7.0. Similarly,
      glycerol outflow during vasodilatation induced by a 4 Hz stimulation in alpha
      blocked adipose tissue was inhibited by 37 per cent (p less than 0.05). Post
      stimulatory glycerol outflow was, however, not influenced by acidosis. This
      poststimulatory glycerol outflow, which may represent a complex wash-out
      phenomenon, forms the largest part of the response to short nerve stimulations.
      It is suggested that steady state, rather than poststimulatory lipolysis should
      be studied in order to see the influence of treatments such as acidosis on
      responses to nerve stimulation.

PMID- 970160
TI  - Influence of prostaglandin E1 on cerebral mechanisms involved in the control of
      fluid balance.
AB  - The effects of infusions of PGE1 (30 ng/kg min-1) into the lateral cerebral
      ventricle were studied in the conscious, hydrated goat. The infusions caused
      release of antidiuretic hormone and increased renal sodium excretion. When PGE1
      was infused together with hypertonic NaCl these effects became markedly enhanced
      and the infusion also induced drinking and a rise in the arterial blood pressure.
      Much weaker effects were obtained by the infusion of the hypertonic NaCl alone.
      This sodium-PGE1 interaction is discussed in relation to previously observed,
      central sodium-angiotensin II interaction. A more pronounced drinking effect was
      obtained in response to the intraventricular infusion of PGE1 + angiotensin II,
      than to the infusion of either substance separately. The PGE1 administered into
      the lateral cerebral ventricle did not induce any febrile response.

PMID- 970161
TI  - Gamma-aminobutyric acid release from neurons and glia.
AB  - Release of 3H-GABA into the medium from bulk-isolated glial cells, neuronal
      perikarya and synaptosomes has been studied, using a continuous perfusion system.
      The fractions were incubated with 3H-GABA and spontaneous efflux of label in the
      presence and absence of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) was recorded. Unlabelled GABA
      at micromolar concentrations markedly stimulated 3H-GABA efflux from glia,
      synaptosomes and neurons. 3H-GABA from all fractions was also markedly sensitive
      to stimulation by ouabain. Glutamate was effective in stimulating the spontaneous
      efflux in the presence of AOAA, while superfusion with a calcium-deprived medium
      only slightly stimulated the 3H-GABA efflux from neurons and glia.

PMID- 970162
TI  - [Pyrolytic decomposition of 1-hydrazinophthalazine].

PMID- 970163
TI  - [Synthesis of thiocyanates of some benzimidazole derivatives].

PMID- 970164
TI  - [Derivatives of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole].

PMID- 970165
TI  - [Synthesis and study of aminoketones. I. Synthesis of some p-aminoacetophenone
      derivatives and study of their transformations].

PMID- 970166
TI  - [Synthesis of 1,3-diaminopropanol-2 derivatives].

PMID- 970167
TI  - [Synthesis of pyridazines. V. Study of mesomeric effects of some 3,6
      disubstituted pyridazines].

PMID- 970168
TI  - [New compounds and reactions of sulfonamides with amines. XVI. Preparation and
      study of hypoglycemic activity of some derivatives of N-(benzenesulfonyl)-N'[(1
      pyrazolyl) -alkyl] urea].

PMID- 970169
TI  - [Synthesis of new derivatives of 4-aminomethyluracil].

PMID- 970170
TI  - [Kinetics of drug decomposition. XL. Examination of the stability of 1-[2-(4'
      methyl-1',2',3',6'-tetrahydro-l'pyridyl)ethyl]guanidine sulfate (GHP) in aqueous
      solutions].

PMID- 970171
TI  - [Kinetics of drug decomposition. XLI. Specific acid hydrolysis of sulfathiazole].

PMID- 970172
TI  - [Reaction of 1-(5-pyrazolazo)-2-naphthol with Bi(III) ions].

PMID- 970173
TI  - [Use of extraction of ion pairs for the microdetermination of dimethyl aminoethyl
      diphenylhydroxyacetatehydrochloride in the presence of N', N'-anhydro-bis-(beta
      hydroxyethyl)biguanide hydrochloride].

PMID- 970174
TI  - [Use of ion exchange resins in the quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals. XI.
      Complexometric determination of alkaloids in drugs].

PMID- 970175
TI  - [Use of ion exchange resins in the quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals. XII.
      Complexometric determination of organic bases in different drug forms].

PMID- 970176
TI  - [Photochemistry of photodynamic compounds. VII. Identification of some products
      of photolysis of sulfanilamide aqueous solutions].

PMID- 970177
TI  - [Localization and displacement of the glycoside aucubin in the plant].

PMID- 970178
TI  - [Effects of new thio- and selenosemicarbazones on the development of influenza
      viruses].

PMID- 970179
TI  - [Synthesis of 1,2,3-triaminopropane derivatives].

PMID- 970180
TI  - [Premonitory psychiatric signs of cardiovascular complaints].
AB  - The present study attempts to find out whether 19 behaviors, identified in 1952
      and considered as revealing of a psychoneurotic state, appear more often among
      subjects who complain, 16 years later (in 1968), of a cardiovascular problem than
      among the subjects who remain free of any cardiovascular complaint during this
      period. The sample analysed comes from an epidemiological survey, realized by
      Leighton and known by the name Stirling County Study. That study includes 654
      subjects free of any cardiovascular complaint in 1952. These subjects were
      divided into five independent categories in terms of the presence or absence of
      certain cardiovascular complaints expressed in 1968. The five categories of
      cardiovascular complaints were compared as to the frequency and nature of the
      psychiatric characteristics which differentiate them. Three conclusions appear
      from this study. 1. The psychiatric characteristics (identified in 1952) are more
      numerous among the subjects who manifest, 16 years later, a cardiovascular
      complaint (identified in 1968), when one compares them to the psychiatric
      characteristics of those who do not develop any cardiovascular complaint during
      this period. 2. The patterns of psychiatric characteristics which differentiate
      the subjects who develop a cardiovascular complaint vary with sex. These patterns
      are much more broad, coherent, and differentiating among women. 3. The
      accumulation of psychiatric characteristics possesses, among women, a
      differentiating value greater than any characteristic taken alone.

PMID- 970181
TI  - [Early psychotherapy in posttraumatic syndromes. A case study].
AB  - The present study analyses one case of posttraumatic syndrome following an
      accident, which was apparently benign. The author studies neuropsychological
      investigations and improvement during psychotherapy, along with intellectual
      "revalidation". The emotional perturbation is accompanied by a dysfunction in
      mental efficiency, mostly memory. The improvement takes place both in the
      affective and intellectual areas. The possible hypothesis regarding the etiology
      of such perturbations are being reviewed. The author underlines the impact of the
      emotional trauma along with the subsequent perturbations in a patient already
      sensitised to previous accidents in her family.

PMID- 970182
TI  - [Long-acting neuroleptics. IV. Preliminary study of clopimozide (R 29764)].
AB  - Clopimozide is, in our opinion, a noteworthy neuroleptic drug. Its action is
      mainly ataraxic but also antidelusional, long-acting and accompanied with minimal
      side-effects. It is therefore particularly indicated in the maintenance therapy
      of psychotics, at a weekly dosage of 7.5 to 25 mg. The present conclusions are
      preliminary because of the limited number of patients (10) but also because of
      the rigidity of the trial protocol suggested to us.

PMID- 970183
TI  - High doses of Haldol in the treatment of 5 young schizophrenics in a therapeutic
      community.
AB  - Even within a unique setting with high-powered and board-spectrum therapeutic
      tools, acute agitation can pose a serious problem. In this communication we
      review the cases of five schizophrenic adolescents whose agitation created a
      threat to themselves and the therapeutic community. The institute tried a variety
      of psychotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic approaches to no avail and only as last
      resort we used Haldol in very high doses. Since research centers which specialise
      in the study of schizophrenic persons and their families rarely publish about
      chemotherapy in high doses, it seems worthwhile relating our findings.

PMID- 970184
TI  - [The humane sciences and psychiatric medicine, today and tomorrow].

PMID- 970185
TI  - Pipamperone (Dipiperon) in the treatment of behaviour disorders. A large-scale
      multicentre evaluation.
AB  - Pipamperone solution or tablets were prescribed for four weeks to 188 patients (3
      100 years) with behavior disorders. Fifty of these (group A) were mental
      retardates, the remaining 138 (group B) had a normal I.Q. Their doses were
      gradually increased until optimal effect was reached. Nearly all 17 items of a
      behaviour rating scale had improved very significantly by the end of the fourth
      week, while in 82% of the patients of group A and 76% of group B results were
      rated good to very good. Also, pipamperone proved to be far superior to previous
      psychotropic drugs in patients who had been treated before.

PMID- 970186
TI  - [Introduction to the epidemiological study of five years of extra-hospital
      psychosocial practice at Ixelles].
AB  - This work is aimed at encompassing five years (1969-1973) of extra-hospital
      psychosocial activity performed by a multidisciplinary team of the sector of the
      population of Ixelles (85.000 inhabitants). Apart from a population study, we
      have focused on all consultants (676 patients) in a statistical frame. We have
      defined three directions: 1. Obtaining a complete picture of the consulting
      population according to epidemiological and clinical variables. 2. The control in
      our daily practice of three classical goals which underline the work in sector
      (permanence -- multidisciplinary team work -- priority to psychotics). 3. The
      attempt to verify some common assertions in psychiatry, general and social:
      relationship between season and pathology, between obligation to consults (for
      the patient) and social class, between type of pathology and social class. Our
      results for the two last issues differ from those of Hollingshead and Redlich.

PMID- 970187
TI  - [Psychotic masked depression or black mask for depression].
AB  - We have used as depression criteria those of Pichot and Hassan, described during
      the Sint-Moritz Symposium in 1973 on masked depression. According to their
      clinical experience in Zaire and Senegal, the authors consider the possibility
      that the "bouffee delirante" (acute psychotic reaction), frequent in black
      Africa, is in fact a manifestation of depression. They remind the five criterias
      of Pichot and Hassan, i.e.: 1 degree evidence of depression symptoms; 2 degrees a
      background and a particular underlying personality; 3 degrees evolutional
      characteristics; 4 degrees familial antecedents and hereditary  factors; 5
      degrees the response to antidepressive treatment. They present ten cases of acute
      psychosis: five from Zaire and five from Senegal. These ten patients have been
      successfully treated with antidepressive drugs imipramine type, without any
      neuroleptic drugs; the outcome has always been a rapid remission. Some socio
      cultural references are described; it permits to better comprehend the
      psychological frame of African people. An attempt to psychodynamically interpret
      the results ends the article.

PMID- 970188
TI  - Self-image and emotional stability of Oedipal and non-Oedipal male homosexuals.
AB  - The past several years have brought about some changes in the legal status of the
      homosexual in USA. In some states, the homosexual is labelled as a criminal; in
      others, homosexuality is not a legal affair. Psychological theories tend to
      consider the homosexual from two general positions: the Oedipal and the non
      Oedipal. The present study was conducted to try to determine how Oedipal and non
      Oedipal male homosexuals perceived their self-image and emotional stability.
      Significant differences were found between the two groups. Considering self
      image, Oedipal subjects were found to be more negative. They had less self-worth,
      self-confidence and self-acceptance than non-Oedipal. They had more negative self
      concepts, self-attitudes, and self-motivation. Oedipal homosexuals had less
      emotional stability. They had more emotional problems, shame, guilt, withdrawal,
      and depression than non-Oedipal subjects, as well as less success in sexual
      activity and commitment to the homosexual partner.

PMID- 970189
TI  - [Socioecohomic data on 447 hospitalized former prisoners of war].
AB  - The authors have analyzed the social files of all former POWs hospitalized at the
      Ste-Ode Hospital (Belgium) during one year. They found numerous significant
      results, that might be the subject of further analyses: i.a., frequent
      professionally inactive people, despite their age; 5 more times divorces than in
      the general belgian population; neglect of mental disorders in the attribution of
      a war invalidity.

PMID- 970190
TI  - [Environmental and demographic variables associated with psychiatric morbidity in
      former prisoners of war].
AB  - In this study, present psychiatric morbidity of 100 former prisoners of war is
      related to 28 environmental and demographic variables grouped in 3 periods:
      before, during and after WW2. With the exception of the invalidity percentage,
      all statistically significant relations concern variables of the first two
      periods. The present results are discussed at the light of former publications by
      the authors. It appears among others that the age variable has to be taken in
      consideration in the explanation of psychiatric sequels of captivity, and that
      the condition "invalid of war" poorly reflects the degree of psychiatric
      morbidity.

PMID- 970191
TI  - [Severe neuropsychic disturbances in a young adolescent treated with an endocrine
      therapy].
AB  - After a treatment based on the administration of gonadotropic drugs, aimed at
      reduced school difficulties and caracterial difficulties by a premature onset of
      puberty, a young male aged 13 1/2 presents: 1 degree somatic anomalies; 2 degrees
      increase of intellectual, affective and behavioral troubles; 3 degrees
      perturbations of EEG prophiles; 4 degrees organicity tests significantly
      disturbed. The interruption of treatment (4 years of observation) was followed by
      a progressive remission, however heterogenous, of all initial troubles. The
      observation underlines the dangers of utilising these treatments in a pre-puberty
      boy.

PMID- 970192
TI  - Differential fertility of adopted schizophrenics and their half-siblings.
AB  - The paper presents data on the differential fertility of schizophrenics and
      controls, and the fertility of their siblings. This study used several
      methodological procedures in the study of schizophrenia reproduction, which
      strengthens the validity of the findings. Firstly, both male and female rates
      were examined. Secondly, the method of selection of a control avoided the biases
      introduced by using census data or other non-matched controls. Third, a
      diagnostic criterion was used which minimizes the possibility of the inclusion of
      other psychiatric illnesses. The results obtained support prior reports of the
      lowered reproductive rates of schizophrenics. Further, the siblings of
      schizophrenics were found not to have a reproductive advantage when contrasted to
      control siblings. The failure to find a reproductive advantage conflicts with a
      hypothesis of a balanced polymorphism as the mechanism maintaining an apparent
      constant rate of schizophrenia.

PMID- 970193
TI  - Sleep deprivation as treatment for endogenous depression.
AB  - Twenty-six depressed patients, 19 of whom suffered from an endogenous depression,
      were sleep-deprived for one night, and eight of these were additionally sleep
      deprived for three to nine nights with two sleep deprivations per week. While the
      sleep deprivation was being carried through, none of the patients were treated
      with tricyclic antidepressants. The patients were rated before and after the
      sleep deprivation(s). Sleep deprivation appeared to be effective for both
      unipolar and bipolar depressions. According to the rating scale an improvement
      was registered especially when the clinical picture was characterized by
      depressed mood, psycho-motor retardation and anxiety. As sleep deprivation cured
      25% of the patients and further incidentally improved another 20% of the
      patients, it can be concluded that sleep deprivation seems to be a valuable
      treatment, especially in retarded endogenous depressions.

PMID- 970194
TI  - Urbanization and psychiatric disorders--the Hong Kong scene.
AB  - Indices were used to portray the rapidity and intensity of urbanization Hong Kong
      had undergone in the past 2-3 decades. Next the preliminary result of a
      psychiatric survey was quoted as an estimate of mental ill-health in Hong Kong.
      Data were obtained from the Mental Health Service to show the increasing demand
      for psychiatric care for the past 25 years. Attempts were made to analyze the
      basic composition of the new patients attending a psychiatric centre during this
      period. High density living associated with urbanization in Hong Kong was found
      to generate a high level of emotional strain, and psychiatric ill-health was as
      prevalent as that in New York. Neuroses were on the increase and psychiatrists
      were being consulted on a wider variety of problems. Provision of mental health
      care in future should take the changes in the composition of psychiatric
      populations into consideration.

PMID- 970195
TI  - Sleep deprivation therapy in depression.
AB  - A study of sleep deprivation therapy was made in 62 females and 15 males, aged 20
      72, with monopolar (60 patients) and bipolar (17 patients) types of manic
      depressive psychosis. Of these patients, 30 had suffered only the current
      depression, 29 a maximum of five depressions, and 18 more than five depressions
      before the sleep deprivation therapy. Twenty-five patients had been treated with
      antidepressant drugs for less than 10 days, 12 patients for 10-24 days, and 36
      patients for more than 24 days. Twenty-four patients were treated with one sleep
      deprivation, 29 patients with one sleep deprivations per week (average 1.59), and
      24 patients with two sleep deprivations per week (average 2.5). The effect of the
      sleep deprivation therapy was evaluated clinically and by means of Cronholm
      Ottosson's rating scale. The effect was found good and lasting in 29%, good but
      temporary in 38%, and poor in 32% of the cases. The best results were achieved
      with twice-weekly treatments, the poorest results with once-weekly treatment. The
      results were equal in monopolar and bipolar cases and were independent of the
      number of previous depressions as well as antidepressant drug treatment. No side
      effects have been observed, in particular no conversion to mania. The results of
      the present investigation indicate that depression and sleep disturbances are
      symptoms produced by a common factor which, however, it as yet unknown. Sleep
      deprivation therapy is seen to have at least some effect on all cases of
      endogenous depression. Sleep deprivation therapy has no side effects and is more
      quick-acting than any other treatment procedure hitherto known. It should
      therefore be considered the first treatment offer to all endogenously depressed
      patients in whom immediate ECT is not necessitated.

PMID- 970196
TI  - What happened later to the lithium babies? A follow-up study of children born
      without malformations.
AB  - The Lithium Baby Register was founded in 1968 to determine the frequency of
      abnormalities among children born to mothers who were given lithium during the
      first trimester of pregnancy. Previous studies have revealed an increased
      frequency of congenital malformations, possibly due to teratogenic action of
      lithium. The present report is a questionnaire follow-up of the physical and
      mental development of lithium children who were not malformed at birth. Sixty
      lithium children were examined; their siblings, who had not been exposed to
      lithium during fetal life, served as a control group. The data obtained do not
      reveal any increased frequency of physical or mental anomalies among the lithium
      children.

PMID- 970198
TI  - On a bias induced by the provision of feedback in psychophysical experiments.

PMID- 970197
TI  - The Samsoo project from 1957 to 1974.

PMID- 970199
TI  - Amphetamine and barbiturate effects on two tasks performed singly and in
      combination.

PMID- 970200
TI  - Motion information in iconic memory.

PMID- 970202
TI  - The effects of adaptation to stereoscopic depth and to uniocular image
      magnification on the duration of short-term visual storage.

PMID- 970201
TI  - Effect of information feedback upon intertrial consistency of time judgment.

PMID- 970203
TI  - Spinal cord vascularity. IV. The spinal cord arteries in the rat.
AB  - The present investigation has shown that the anatomy of the spinal cord arteries
      in the rat and in man is closely related but not identical. The main differences
      are: (1) The poor supply of radicular arteries to the lower cervical and upper
      thoracic segments of the cord is more marked in the rat, (2) the great ventral
      radicular artery of Adamkiewicz is less subjected to variations in position in
      the rat, (3) penetrating branches from the pial arterial plexus are absent in the
      rat, (4) surface anastomoses between the ventral and the dorsal spinal arteries
      do not occur in the rat except occasionally at the lower end of the cord.
      Intramedullary arterial anastomoses in the lumbosacral cord of the rat seems to
      be species specific.

PMID- 970204
TI  - Computer tomography of the neurocranium.
AB  - The experience with computer tomography of the neurocranium in 300 patients
      submitted for computer tomography of the brain is reported. The more appropriate
      projections which may be obtained with the second generation of scanners in
      combination with an elaborated reconstruction technique seem to constitute a
      replacement of conventional skull films.

PMID- 970205
TI  - Computer tomography in the evaluation of pulmonary asbestosis. Preliminary
      experiences with the EMI general purpose scanner.
AB  - Thirteen individuals with varying lengths of exposure to asbestosis were examined
      by computer tomography with the EMI Scanner. Various pleuroparenchymal
      abnormalities were found, many not being seen on standard chest films. In some
      cases, with normal chest radiography, definite pleural involvement could be
      demonstrated, particularly that in the posterior sulci on the diaphragm and at
      the mediastinum. Tissue attenuation measurements in regions of parenchymal
      involvement reached 90 EMI units above normal lung tissue. The normal gravity
      effect is abolished in cases of parenchymal disease caused by asbestosis.
      Parenchymal disease was much more obvious on the CT scans than on conventional
      chest films.

PMID- 970206
TI  - Pulmonary congestion in chronic heart disease. Radiologic, clinical and
      hemodynamic relationships.
AB  - Pulmonary congestion in chronic heart disease was evaluated by lung auscultation
      and roentgen examination of the chest and compared with pressure recording of the
      pulmonary circulation in 49 cases. Whereas auscultation appeared not to be
      correlated to the pressures, the radiologic findings proved to be a reliable
      measure of increased pressures. The radiologic assessment was based on isolated
      flow shift to the upper lobes of the lungs, indicating slight pulmonary venous
      hypertension, and flow shift in association with blurring of the lower lobe
      vessels, indicating pulmonary interstitial oedema. In distinction to the results
      from acute cardiac failure interlobular septa were often demonstrated in
      association with pulmonary interstitial oedema, and pulmonary alveolar oedema
      rarely demonstrated in spite of marked pulmonary venous hypertension.

PMID- 970207
TI  - Visibility of the intrapericardiac segment of the ascending aorta on conventional
      lateral chest films.
AB  - In a retrospective survey of the lateral chest films of 284 adult patients the
      intrapericardiac part of the ascending aorta was at least partly discernible in
      more than half of the cases; those with visible calcifications in the aortic wall
      were excluded. None of the patients had known heart disease. When the
      intrapericardiac part of the ascending aorta is visible it can be clinically
      useful for the localisation of intracardiac calcifications in relation to the
      aortic orifice (inside or outside), for estimating the sagittal diameter of the
      left atrium and for evaluating the width and shape of the aortic root.

PMID- 970208
TI  - Effects on venous vasomotion from the ionic content of contrast agent solutions.
      An investigation on microcirculation in the bat wing.
AB  - The effects on spontaneous venous vasomotion from topical application of
      different contrast media were investigated in the bat wing. Spontaneous venous
      vasomotion could be stopped either by a high osmolality of the contrast medium or
      by absence of cations (Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++) in the solution. The highest contrast
      medium concentration (mg I/ml), which did not stop venous vasomotion, was
      obtained when a non-ionic contrast medium solution with low osmolality was mixed
      with a solution containing Na, K, Ca, Mg-salts of an ionic medium.

PMID- 970209
TI  - Implantation metastasis after percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration
      biopsy.
AB  - The risk of tumour spread at aspiration biopsy of pulmonary tumours through the
      needle track has been analyzed by reviewing the case histories of 1 264 patients
      with a malignant tumour demonstrated by needle biopsy. Only in one case did
      metastatic tumour growth develop at the site of the biopsy. The history of this
      case is presented and the available literature on the subject discussed.

PMID- 970210
TI  - Catheterization and angiography of the abdominal arteries in the guinea-pig.
AB  - The abdominal arterial anatomy of the guinea-pig was investigated by angiography
      and dissection. Normally, a coeliacomesenteric trunk was found, although various
      forms transitional to the hepatolienogastric trunk were found. Multiple renal
      arteries were common in comparison to other laboratory animals and to man. A
      technique for selective catheterization of the abdominal arteries is described.

PMID- 970211
TI  - Hydro-and hemodynamic effects of catheterization of vessels. I. An experimental
      model.
AB  - A mechanical model for experiments on the influence on pressure and volumetric
      flow rate arising from catheterization is described. It is possible under
      controlled conditions to determine the static and dynamic pressure together with
      the volumetric flow rate as a function of flow type, repetition frequency, shape
      and amplitude of pressure surges in pulsatile flow, peripheral resistance,
      geometry and dimensions of a stenosis or a catheter, and physical properties of
      the vessel wall materials and of the fluid employed.

PMID- 970212
TI  - Kinematic analysis of posterolateral fusion in the lumbosacral spine.
AB  - Three cases operated upon with posterolateral fusion in the lumbosacral spine
      have been subjected to a kinematic postoperative analysis with the aid of a
      roentgen stereophotogrammetric method. The primarily diseased intervals became
      comparatively rigid in spite of significant residual mobility, in two of the
      patients, not until 174 days postoperatively. Three levels of operation displayed
      unrestricted residual mobility.

PMID- 970213
TI  - Chronic multifocal cleido-metaphyseal osteomyelitis of childhood. Report of a
      case.
AB  - A case of chronic, multifocal hematogenous osteomyelitis in a child is descirbed.
      It represents a special, well-defined clinical variant of this disease, which
      obviously reflects a more or less balanced relationship between the bacterial
      aggressor and the defense mechanisms. Exacerbations of old processes, and spread
      to new sites, can be ascribed to a temporary imbalance.

PMID- 970214
TI  - Radiologic differentiation between cysts and malignant tumours of the maxilla.
AB  - Analysis of 41 cases with large maxillary lesions (23 malignant tumours, 13 cysts
      and 5 other lesions) with the aid of special criteria based on the radiologic
      appearances of various lesions to distinguish cysts from malignant tumours and
      inflammatory processes.

PMID- 970215
TI  - Multiple expanding renal lesions.
AB  - Unilateral or bilateral multiplicity of expanding lesions in the kidneys is not
      too unusual and different types of lesions may be combined. This stresses the
      need for detailed angiography of both kidneys in order to establish an exact
      diagnosis.

PMID- 970216
TI  - Clinical course after mantle treatment of non-laparotomized patients with
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Forty-two patients with Hodgkin's disease were staged without laparotomy and
      considered to have only supradiaphragmatic disease. They were treated with the
      mantle technique and followed up for at least 3 years. Abdominal extension was
      later found in 31 per cent. It is concluded that occult abdominal disease usually
      in course of time will give symptoms.

PMID- 970217
TI  - Hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Long-term survivors following radical radiation
      therapy.
AB  - In a material of 167 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx,
      treated between 1961 and 1971, radical irradiation was administered to 55
      patients. Of these latter patients the 3- and 5-year survival rates were 36 and
      25 per cent, respectively. The lesions of the upper part of the hypopharynx were
      found to be more curable than those of the lower part. Three cases are presented
      in detail.

PMID- 970218
TI  - Effects of ionizing radiation on the activity of the ciliated epithelium of the
      trachea.
AB  - The immediate effect of ionizing radiation on the activity of the ciliated
      epithelium of the trachea has been investigated using a light reflection method.
      This method enables continuous registration of the mucociliary activity both
      during and after irradiation. A notable increase of the mucociliary activity
      occurred within 5 seconds after beginning of irradiation and this activity
      reached its maximum 10 seconds after initial exposure with a dose rate of 0.34
      Gy/s (34 rad/s). The mechanism causing the phenomena observed is not clear but
      theoretically it might be due to ATP, the source of energy of the cilia being
      freed by the irradiation, possibly through disturbances of the permeability in
      the mitochondrion membranes.

PMID- 970219
TI  - Fall in blood pressure during radiation therapy.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate at rest in the supine and standing positions were
      followed before, during and after irradiation for malignant tumours in 114
      patients. A statistically significant gradual reduction in blood pressure during
      the treatment period was established. This was more marked in older patients and
      in patients with higher initial blood pressure but was not related to the region
      irradiated or the type of tumour treated. Particularly if the patient experiences
      vertigo and nausea on change of position, it seems advisable to check the blood
      pressure during treatment.

PMID- 970220
TI  - Absorbed dose in mammary radiography.
AB  - By exposure measurements in an alcohol-water mixture simulating breast tissue,
      the absorbed dose, and dose distribution in the breast at the radiation qualities
      commonly used in mammary radiography have been calculated. The absorbed doses for
      different recording media have been compared at those radiation qualities which
      result in similar image qualities in the different recording media.

PMID- 970221
TI  - Attenuation equalizing filter in diagnostic radiography. Advantages calculated by
      a Monte Carlo technique.
AB  - The value of an attenuation equalizing filter (equalizer) has been examined by
      calculation using a Monte Carlo technique. The contrast enhancement caused by the
      equalizer is the net result of three factors: (1) The first factor arises from
      the contrast change caused by the difference in detector characteristics at the
      different energies absorbed in the detector with and without equalizer. (2) The
      second factor is due to the contrast change caused by the different ratios of
      primary to total radiation reaching the detector. (3) Finally, the third factor
      describes how the transparency of the object is changed by the different primary
      filtration with equalizer. An example is given of the reduction in radiation
      energy absorbed by the patient and the question of how far the attenuation
      equalization can be driven is discussed.

PMID- 970222
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A series of 597 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have
      been screened for diabetes mellitus (DM). Six per cent of the series had DM,
      which is exactly the frequency of DM in an age-matched population. This finding
      corresponds with results of other investigators, indicating that treated
      diabetics do not have an increased risk of AMI. Diabetics suffering from AMI do
      not have an increased mortality, nor do patients treated with oral antidiabetics
      have a higher mortality than those treated with insulin.

PMID- 970223
TI  - Skeletal lesions of the feet in diabetics and their relationship to cutaneous
      erythema with or without necrosis on the feet.
AB  - Seventy patients with cutaneous erythema of the feet with or without necrosis
      were the subjects of this investigation. Sixty-five of them had open diabetes.
      The glucose tolerance of the remaining five patients was altered in a diabetic
      direction. Twenty-seven of the 70 patients had roentgenologically demonstrable
      destruction in the bones of the feet. These 70 patients were compared with 61
      diabetic control patients of corresponding age and duration of diabetes but
      without these skin lesions of the feet. Only four of the 61 control patients had
      destruction in the bones of the feet and all these destructions were small.
      Precipitating factors were identified in general for the skin lesions, the most
      common being cardiac decompensation. A higher frequency of precipitating factors
      was seen in patients with skeletal destructions than in those without. The
      skeletal destructions and cutaneous necrosis are supposed to be equivalent
      lesions, localized to different tissues in the feet. When patients presenting
      skin lesions of the feet in the form of distal gangrene were compared with those
      who had cutaneous erythema and necrosis of the feet, but no distal gangrene, no
      differences were found with respect to age, duration of diabetes, occurrence of
      precipitating factors and the occurrence of skeletal destruction. Cutaneous
      erythema without necrosis is understood to be incipient diabetic gangrene.

PMID- 970224
TI  - Body composition and glucose metabolism in hypertensive middle-aged males.
AB  - Body fat, body cell mass, fasting blood sugar, glucose tolerance and fasting
      insulin have been determined in 106 hypertensive males aged 47-54years and in 41
      normotensive 50-year-old males. Both groups were derived from screening
      examinations in random population samples. The hypertensive subjects were more
      often obese and had more often an impaired glucose tolerance and a higher fasting
      insulin compared with the normotensive subjects. The metabolic differences were
      not explained simply by the higher degree of obesity in the hypertensive
      subjects, as the differences remained when the hypertensive subjects were matched
      for body fat with normotensive controls. The impaired glucose metabolism
      demonstrated quantitatively in an unselected group of hypertensive subjects,
      might be one of the factors explaining the variable prognosis in hypertensive
      subjects.

PMID- 970225
TI  - Hereditary hepatic porphyrias in Finland.
AB  - The occurrence of hepatic porphyrias--acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and
      variegate porphyria (VP)--in Finland has been studied. During a period of 9 years
      107 patients with AIP and 45 patients with VP were found. The prevalence of
      hereditary hepatic porphyrias was calculated to be 3.4 per 100 000 inhabitants.
      The patients belonged to 42 different families. Eighty-nine patients (59%) had
      had acute attacks, whereas 63 were symptomless latent cases. Precipitating
      factors, symptoms and excretion of porphyrins and their precursors did not
      significantly differ from what has been reported earlier from other parts of the
      world. A slight fragility of the skin on the back of the hands was noted in some
      50% of VP patients. Abnormal sensitivity to sunlight could not be seen in a
      single case. However, about 50% of patients with VP showed an abnormal reaction
      when irradiated with artificial ultraviolet light. The difference in the skin
      symptoms in South African and Finnish VP patients is discussed.

PMID- 970226
TI  - Pure mitral regurgitation. Etiology, pathology and clinical patterns.
AB  - The varied etiology of pure mitral regurgitation is demonstrated in this
      clinicopathological study, comprising 59 surgically treated cases with this
      condition. One third of the cases was of rheumatic origin, one fifth had ischemic
      heart disease, another fifth floppy valves and one eighth an isolated rupture of
      the chordae with necrosis of the chord matrix. To our knowledge the
      histopathological findings in the last group have not been described before.
      Congenital mitral regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis and cardiomyopathy were
      rare causes of mitral regurgitation. Differences between the groups were observed
      in the sex ratio, duration of history, auscultatory findings ECG signs,
      compliance of the left ventricle and in the morphological findings.

PMID- 970227
TI  - Disopyramide in ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Administration of disopyramide phosphate (DE) i.v. in two doses, 30 min apart, to
      a patient with ventricular tachycardia was accompanied by no, or only slight,
      changes in systemic arterial pressure (SAP), cardiac output (Q), stroke work
      (SW), and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP). Heart rate fell from 123 to
      103/min. Following reversion to sinus rhythm, which occurred 60 min after the
      second dose of DE at a serum concentration greater than 4.3 mug/ml, Q ans SW
      showed significant increases above their control values. PADP fell from 20 to 6
      mmHg whereas the mean SAP remained largely unchanged. There seemed to be no
      adverse effects of drug administration. In this patient, recurrent attacks of
      ventricular tachycardia not responding to conventional antiarrhythmic treatment
      could be prevented by oral DE in a dose of 800 mg/day.

PMID- 970228
TI  - Clinical and hemodynamic findings following prosthetic valve replacement for
      mitral valve disease. A study of patients with the new Bjork-Shiley tilting disc
      valve.
AB  - Clinical and hemodynamic results have been evaluated 12--24 months after mitral
      valve replacement with the new Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis. After
      operation, most patients were improved symptomatically and were classified as I
      II (N.Y.H.A.). No patient became worse. Hemodynamic status at rest showed
      significant reduction in pulmonary capillary venous pressure, pulmonary artial
      pressure and significant increase in cardiac output when compared with the
      preoperative values, but postoperative hemodynamic abnormalities remained.
      Exercise produced a rise in pressures in the pulmonary circuit and in cardiac
      output. The increase in cardiac output was less than expected from the increase
      in oxygen consumption, with a few exceptions. Apparently, there was no close
      relationship between the symptomatic improvement and the hemodynamic results.
      Thus, the present study points to the importance of hemodynamic data in the
      objective assessment of the results of cardiac surgery.

PMID- 970229
TI  - A validation of cause-of-death certification in 1,156 deaths.
AB  - Swedish twins have been followed for mortality since 1961, when the Swedish Twin
      Registry was formed. During the years 1961-73 there were 1290 deaths among twins
      born in 1901-25. In 1156 cases the cause of death could be established from
      collected records and classified according to the 1965 revision of ICD. Using the
      review of records as the standard, rates of detection and confirmation relating
      to the death certificate diagnoses were calculated. It is concluded that Swedish
      death certificate data are fairly valid for use in epidemiological studies and
      mortality statistics with regard to most cancer forms, cerebrovascular disease,
      ischemic heart disease, bronchitis, asthma and emphysema, accidents and suicides,
      but not for diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, mental diseases, rheumatic heart
      diseases and other heart diseases. However, in selected clinical-epidemiological
      studies it is often necessary to collect all available documents prior to judging
      the cause of death.

PMID- 970230
TI  - Five-year mortality in the city of Bergen, Norway, according to age, sex and
      blood pressure.
AB  - The City of Bergen was covered by a Mass Miniature Radiology Survey in 1963-64.
      On the initiative of the University of Bergen, examinations of BP were included.
      The initial survey has been reported previously (1). This analysis concerns the
      relationship between the 5 1/4-year cause-specific mortality and BP. Non
      attenders have excess mortality in relation to attenders and this is mostly
      explained by a generally high mortality among bedridden people. The age-specific
      total mortality shows a clear pattern of a general increase with increasing BP.
      At high systolic BP levels, the 5-year mortality is independent of whether the
      age is 45 or 75. The systolic age-adjusted curve for males increases quite
      linearly, while the diastolic curve is more U-shaped. Thus, when comparing the
      predictive power of BP, allowance must be made for this fact. Using a second
      order polynomial prediction function, this conclusion is reversed. The mortality
      from cerebral stroke shows a dramatic increase with increasing BP. The diastolic
      curve shows a bend-off for high values, above 110 mmHg. This may be due to the
      offer of treatment which such patients received after the screening. Also the CHD
      mortality curve flattens for high BP values, especially for diastolic BP.

PMID- 970231
TI  - Macrophage migration inhibition as an in vitro correlate of cutaneous delayed
      skin reaction. III. Relationship with specific resistance.

PMID- 970232
TI  - A five-year survey of human Yersinia enterocolitica infections in Hungary.
AB  - Human infections associated with Yersinia enterocolitica in Hungary in the years
      1969-1974 have been surveyed. During this period the public health laboratory
      network isolated 1355 strains from 1096 persons. The number of isolates according
      to sero-groups was: 1343 O3, 6 O9, 2 O1, 2a, 3 and 1 strain for O5, O6, O1O and
      O15 each. (ii) A total of 2192 serum specimens from patients gave positive
      agglutination reaction with antigen O3 in 26.8%, with antigen O9 in 3.2%. (iii)
      Fifty-six per cent of bacteriologically positive persons had enteritis. Other
      clinical forms (pseudoappendicitis and other abdominal complaints, erythema
      nodosum, rheumatoid arthritis) were encountered in O 1-2.7%. Symptomless
      excreters of Y. enterocolitica amounted to 23.1% of all positive persons. (iv)
      Patients with enteritis and symptomless excreters were rather evenly distributed
      between 10 and 60 years of age; 1--9-year-old children were affected more
      frequently (47.7% of all positive persons). Six distribution was, males: females
      = 1.5 : 1. In seasonal incidence yersiniosis differed from other enteric
      diseases: it showed a peak in the autumn-winter months. Sporadic cases and family
      outbreaks were the most frequent; epidemic infections in nurseries were also
      recorded. (v) Out of 59 animal strains 39 group O3 cultures were isolated from
      pigs, which may be assumed as the most important reservoir of yersinosis in
      Hungary.

PMID- 970233
TI  - [Incidence of staphylococcal serotypes in different hospitals (author's transl)].
AB  - A total of 409 Staphylococcus aureus strains were classified with 17 typing sera
      into 16 groups and 14 types. Strains with the formula a b+ c e and h+ i k l were
      most frequently met with. The majority of strains isolated from typical
      staphylococcal diseases contained antigens e', h+ and/or h++ whereas those
      associated with atypical infections showed antigens b++ and o most frequently.
      Classification by Oeding and Williams' scheme yielded a less wide variety of
      serological units: most strains fell into group 4; spontaneously agglutinating
      and group 1, 2 and 3 strains were next in order.

PMID- 970234
TI  - Suppression and disinhibition of instrumental alimentary reactions after
      successive lesions of the dorsomedial and lateral amygdala in dogs.
AB  - Damage of the dorsomedial amygdala produced impairment of instrumental
      performance to CS(+) with no changes to CS(-). Subsequent lesion of the lateral
      amygdala resulted in restoration of instrumental performance to CS(+) and
      transient disinhibition to CS(-). These results support the hypothesis that the
      dorsomedial amygdala is involved in facilitation, while the lateral amygdala in
      inhibition of alimmentary reactions.

PMID- 970235
TI  - Hyperthermia and inhibition of feeding produced by self-stimulation in the septum
      and preoptic area in dogs.
AB  - Dogs bearing electrodes implanted in the anterior part of the basal forebrain
      were tested for their response to food upon electric stimulation of rewarding
      sites, and for self-stimulation-produced hyperthermia. Self-stimulation and
      forced (experimenter-induced) stimulation of 12 out of 16 loci evoked a negative
      reaction to food the strength of which was determined according to occurrence and
      persistence of three effects: ignoring food (the dog performing self-stimulation
      in the presence of readily available meat), food rejection (the dog's failure to
      take meat offered together with passive stimulation of the rewarding site), and
      food ejection (throwing meat out of the mouth upon passive stimulation). The rise
      in body temperature during self-stimulation was positively correlated with the
      rate of responding. Hyperthermia was significantly higher during self-stimulation
      in sites where stimulation produced a strong negative reaction to food, as
      compared with those where stimulation failed to stop the animal from eating. The
      stimulus-contingent negative reaction to food may reflect a short-term satiety
      which is supposed to play an essential role in the mechanism of reinforcement.
      Hyperthermia, and particularly stabilization of hypothalamic temperature on an
      elevated but fairly constant level, argues for a shift of the set-point for
      temperature regulation. Occurrence of the two effects supports the claim that
      self-stimulation produces some complex activation of neural processes controlling
      energy homeostasis.

PMID- 970236
TI  - Learning, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms.
AB  - Professor Jerzy Konorski was an internationally renowned scientist with a
      remarkable range of intellectual power and enthusiasm; he also was a warm friend.
      It is a great honor to be invited to contribute a paper to publications
      commemorating his life and work. As infectious diseases are being conquered,
      other pathological conditions are assuming increasing medical importance. A
      number of these are strongly influenced by the brain in its central role of
      regulating a wide variety of vital functions. It has long been believed that the
      mind affects the body; recent research in supplying objective evidence for an
      increasing number of such psychosomatic effects. This paper summarizes some
      experiments from the author's Laboratory on such effects and also on some of the
      ways in which amines and hormones in the brain affect behavior. In view of the
      wide range of Professor Konorski's interests, it is fitting that the work to be
      summarized here has been multidisciplinary. Clinical studies, especially under
      conditions of combat in war, show that fear and the conflict it can induce can
      produce a wide range of psychosomatic, neurotic, and even psychotic symptoms.
      Such work also indicates that purely psychological factors, such as learning when
      it is dangerous and when it is safe and learning coping responses, can make a
      great difference in the amount of fear experienced and in its psychosomatic
      effects. However, while clinical observations of human behavior are particularly
      relevant, it is difficult to untangle confounding factors and thus determine
      unequivocal causal relationships. The immediately following experiments attempt
      to fill part of this gap.

PMID- 970237
TI  - Visual cortex role in object discrimination in cats deprived of pattern vision
      from birth.
AB  - A simultaneous object discrimination task for food reward was elaborated in
      normal cats and in cats deprived of pattern vision from birth. In the latter the
      learning was more difficult and retraining was necessary after a preoperative
      retention period. In both groups the cortical projection of central vision was
      removed in areas 17, 18 and 19. In deprived cats the deficit following the
      cortical lesion was less than in normal animals. It is concluded that deprived
      cats used visual cortex less in learning and thus they learned more slowly but
      were less deficient postoperatively.

PMID- 970238
TI  - The targeting reflex.

PMID- 970239
TI  - EEG correlates of acquisition and extinction of expectancy.
AB  - The work to be described was begun in 1958 at the Montreal Neurological Institute
      in order to verify some of the prevailing neurophysiological notions concerning
      the mechanisms of habituation and attention. The results dealing with the EEG
      correlates of habituation and acquisition of expectancy were presented at the
      annual meetings of the American Psychological Association (Mahut 1959). Beginning
      in 1960 other authors started questioning the validity of the claims regarding
      mechanisms of attention that had been previously reported in the physiological
      literature. I hesitated, therefore, to publish my data. Professor Konorski,
      however, kindly urged me to do so, particularly the results concerned with the
      EEG of extinction and the effects of arousal on cortical electrophysiology. It is
      to his memory that this report is dedicated.

PMID- 970240
TI  - The effect of conditioned stimuli signalling food upon the autochthonous
      instrumental responses in dogs.
AB  - Food CSs, presented (i) concomitantly with SD controlling bar pressing for food,
      or (ii) on the background of non-discriminated bar pressing (FR 1/15), suppress
      instrumental performance but elicit undiminished conditioned salivation. This
      result supports Soltysik-Konorski's model of CNS mechanism controlling food
      oriented behavior which postulates drive inhibition by taste-consummatory
      neurons.

PMID- 970241
TI  - Discrimination of time intervals in cats.
AB  - Fourteen cats were trained to discriminate between 5 and 20 s periods of
      confinement as evidenced by differential responding to two feeders. In a
      subsequent titration procedure the cats discriminated 5 from 10 or even 8 s.
      Positional mediation of correct responses was observed only in some animals. The
      present task may complement the classical and operant conditioning situations in
      which the temporal distribution of responses reflects the animals' abilities for
      both time discrimination and response inhibition.

PMID- 970242
TI  - Efferent connections of the basolateral amygdaloid part to the archi-, paleo-,
      and neocortex in dogs.
AB  - Small electrolytic lesions were placed in the basal and lateral amygdaloid nuclei
      of the dog and the distribution of degenerating fibers was studied with Nauta and
      Fink-Heimer modifications of the impregnation methods. Degenerating axons were
      followed into the hippocampal region and entorhinal cortex as well as insular and
      temporal cortices. The present results suggest that: (i) The hippocampal region
      receives projections from the basal parvocellular and basal magnocellular nuclei;
      (ii) the entorhinal cortex from the lateral and basal parvocellular nuclei; (iii)
      the insular cortex, cortex of the anterior ectosylvian and sylvian gyri, and to a
      smaller degree the claustrum, from the lateral and basal magnocellular nuclei;
      (iv) the temporal cortex of the posterior suprasylvian gyrus from all nuclei of
      the basolateral part of the amygdala. It is concluded that the basolateral part
      of the amygdala in the dog has a complex and highly developed connections with
      the archi-, paleo- and neocortex.

PMID- 970243
TI  - Localization of acetylcholinesterase activity in the amygdaloid body of man.
AB  - The localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the nuclei of the
      amygdaloid body of man was studied by Gerebtzoff's modification of Koelle's
      acetylthiocholine method on 10 human brains. To compare the histochemical results
      with the cytoarchitectionics, additionally sections from 10 human brains were
      stained with cresyl violet. The intensity of AChE activity in the different
      amygdaloid nuclei varied widely. The high AChE activity occurred in the basal
      lateral nucleus and in the lateral part of the central nucleus. Very little
      activity was found in the medial nucleus and in the intermediate part of the
      central nucleus. All remaining nuclei showed AChE activity of moderate intensity.
      In almost each amygdaloid nucleus, differences of AChE activity among various
      areas were observed. In the amygdala of man all nuclei described in animals were
      found except nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. Most of the human amygdaloid
      nuclei show more differentiated structure than in lower mammals in terms of not
      only cytoarchitectonic subdivision, but also in the intensity of AChE activity.

PMID- 970244
TI  - The effects of cerebral sensory cortical ablation on instrumental conditioned
      reflex in cats with cerebellar lesions.
AB  - Cats were trained to reach with their fore limbs for food placed in horizontally
      mounted cylinders of various diameters. The chain instrumental reflex (entering
      cylinder, reaching for, grasping and bringing food toward the mouth) survived
      cerebellar paravermal cortical ablation or interposite-dentate nuclear lesion,
      with some exaggerated flexor or extensor responses respectively. Movements
      improved with time. Cats were then subjected to ablation of cerebral sensory
      cortex, SI and SII. SI or compined SI and SII lesion resulted in an initial
      period of decompensation of cerebellar symptoms. Sensory loss was also noted for
      30-40 days after SI lesion and throughout the observation period up to 53 days
      after combined SI and SII lesion. The conditioned responses were soon
      accomplished at preoperative level. Furthermore, visual occlusion did not change
      the performance in conditioning situation. The result indicates that the
      compensation of cerebellar symptoms does not depend on an intact cerebral sensory
      cortex. It also suggests that functional accomplishment can be obtained through
      training despite neurological deficits following certain brain damage.

PMID- 970245
TI  - The orienting reflex in cats with experimental temporal lobe epilepsy.
AB  - Aluminum-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in 24 cats showed marked interictal
      intensification of somatic and EEG components of the orienting reaction and
      increase in their resistance to habituation. The greatest disturbances of the
      orienting response were noted in cases of bitemporal foci, of foci situated in
      the allocortex (hippocampus and amygdala) and of foci inducing generalized or
      generalized and partial seizures.

PMID- 970246
TI  - The effect of leukocyte-induced degradation products of albumin on the analgesic
      action of morphine.
AB  - The effect of leukocyte-induced human albumin degradation products (LPAD) on the
      analgesic potency of morphine was investigated. The degradation products given
      alone to the rats did not affect pain threshold; while combined with morphine,
      they potentiated its analgesic action. Moreover, the degradation products
      increased the concentration of morphine in the brain tissue.

PMID- 970247
TI  - Activity of some enzymes in the cortex of the cat with pretrigeminal brainstem
      transection.
AB  - The visual and somatic sensory cortex were investigated. The activity of
      acetylcholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase was similar in the pretrigeminal
      and non-operated cats. The activity of these two enzymes, as well as that of
      choline acetyltransferase, butyrylcholinesterase and acid phosphatase was similar
      3 and 8 h after the pretrigeminal transection. Results support the possibility of
      utilizing the pretrigeminal cat for investigations of biochemical correlates of
      learning.

PMID- 970248
TI  - [Pharmacological, electronmicroscopic and histochemical study on an in-vivo model
      of the dopaminergic nervous system (Dugesia gonocephala s.l)].

PMID- 970249
TI  - [Interaction between an extractive polypeptide and cerebral acid proteases].

PMID- 970250
TI  - [Case of torsion dystonia. Morphological and biochemical study].

PMID- 970251
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical study of a case of encephalitis due to Herpes zoster].

PMID- 970252
TI  - [Polyneuropathies due to adhesives. Histopathological and ultrastructural
      studies].

PMID- 970253
TI  - [Diffuse sclerosis. Anatomo-clinical study of a subacute case with a striated
      demyelination].

PMID- 970254
TI  - [Granular atrophy of the cerebellum. Apropos of an anatomo-clinical case].

PMID- 970255
TI  - [Ultrastructural findings (from cerebral cortex biopsy) in a case of Behcet's
      neurosyndrome].

PMID- 970256
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of the central and peripheral nervous systems in
      experimental poisoning by tetraethylthiuram disulfide: preliminary studies].

PMID- 970257
TI  - [Chemotherapeutic effects of nitrosourea derivatives in ENU-induced experimental
      tumors in the rat].

PMID- 970258
TI  - [Clinical, hormonal and ultrastructural correlations of hypophysary adenoma.
      Study of 9 cases].

PMID- 970259
TI  - [Spongious limbic-rhinencephalic degeneration and multifocal necrosis in a case
      of lymphadenopathy: anatomo-clinical discussion of a case].

PMID- 970260
TI  - [Brain malformations in a case of camptomelic syndrome].

PMID- 970261
TI  - [Morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural findings in malignant
      hyperthermia].

PMID- 970262
TI  - [Muscular pathology in malignant hyperpyrexia in man and swine. Comparative
      study].

PMID- 970263
TI  - [Spinal amiotrophy in the apallic syndrome].

PMID- 970264
TI  - [Shy-Drager's syndrome during a course of vascular arteriosclerotic disease and
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 970265
TI  - [Amino acid transport under normal conditions and after experimental convulsions.
      Preliminary note].

PMID- 970266
TI  - [Wernicke's encephalopathy in children with heart diseases].

PMID- 970267
TI  - [Complications of the treatment with long-acting neuroleptic preparations. Brain
      disease due to fluphenazine decanoate].

PMID- 970268
TI  - [Syndrome of carnitine deficiency].

PMID- 970269
TI  - [Reactions for thiol groups in various primary and secondary muscular diseases].

PMID- 970270
TI  - The regulation of uptake and output of amino acids by rat tissues.

PMID- 970271
TI  - Effects of antioxidants on metabolism of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 970272
TI  - Peroxidase in estrogen-sensitive tissues.

PMID- 970273
TI  - The regulation of the degradation of methionine and of the one-carbon units
      derived from histidine, serine and glycine.

PMID- 970274
TI  - The nuclear protein matrix: isolation, structure, and functions.

PMID- 970275
TI  - Habituation of the acoustic startle response: a neural systems analysis of
      habituation in the intact animal.

PMID- 970276
TI  - Neural bases for circadian rhythms in rodent behavior.

PMID- 970277
TI  - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary coin lesions].
AB  - In the present analysis, the diagnosis as well as the differential diagnosis of
      solitary pulmonary coin lesions are discussed. The coin lesions of 361 patients
      who were at our diagnostic ward from 1968 to 1970 were defined according to Rube
      [1967]. The investigations are in accordance with the routine examinations and
      were consciously demonstrated in nonselected patients in order to express the
      several diagnostic procedures, their field of indication and their efficiency in
      a balanced ratio. Therefore, the efficacy of the X-ray diagnosis could be proved
      in a broader range than in a collective of circular foci which would have been
      chosen exclusively under the aspect of the diagnosis by means of needle biopsy
      and which would reveal a higher percentage of morphological clarification of the
      focus.

PMID- 970278
TI  - BCG vaccination and epidemiological situation: a decision making approach to the
      use of BCG.
AB  - The clinical efficacy of a well-controlled and correctly applied BCG vaccine can
      hardly be questioned, nor its usefulness under individual circumstances. But a
      problem more and more often raised now is that of the opportuneness, at the
      present time, to still use BCG on a mass- systematic - scale, particularly in the
      TB control programmes of low-prevalence countries. The article proposes an
      approach which, alongside with other methods already presented for assessing the
      epidemiological value of BCG and its public health indications, can help
      appreciate the advantages and disadvantages brought by vaccination in high- as
      well as in low-prevalence countries. The article focuses on the future, i.e. on
      what can, from now on, be expected from BCG in terms of epidemiological,
      economical and psychological benefits. Test runs were made considering three
      cohorts of 100,000 individuals (newborn, school enterers, school leavers),
      vaccinated or not vaccinated, submitted to various risks of infection
      (corresponding to conditions of high-, intermediate- and low-prevalence of
      tuberculosis) and experiencing various breakdown rates from infection to disease.
      Cost for BCG on the one hand, and cost for diagnosis, treatment of tuberculosis
      and loss of wages on the other, were also entered in the calculations; an attempt
      was also made to quantify in absolute terms and in relative ones the in
      conveniences linked to the application of BCG itself. Beyond figures and results
      presented as examples, what is more important is that the article furnished a
      method of reasoning and the possibility to feed one's own data in the model; it
      may help to encompass the scope and implications of a decision, and it furnishes
      elements of dialogue with other members of the planning team. It should be well
      realized that the elements provided and those which can be worked out are
      elements of reflexion to found a decision; the decision itself - to start, to
      pursue or to stop BCG on a mass scale - is of political nature (public health
      policy): it always implies a value judgement - from the part of the providers of
      the services and/or, preferably, from the part of the users, i.e. a preference
      which is the result of a 'weighing' between advantages and inevitable
      disadvantages, both involving time, place, existing system, existing beliefs and
      other fields of health and welfare.

PMID- 970279
TI  - Speech audiometry materials for Air Force use.

PMID- 970280
TI  - [4-year experience in the treatment and education of children with hemophilia].

PMID- 970281
TI  - [Various aspects of re-socialization of children and adolescents with behavior
      disorders in special homes for adolescent care].

PMID- 970282
TI  - [Learning difficulties and neurotic tendency].

PMID- 970283
TI  - [Optimization of the cooperation between adolescent-physician and teacher in sex
      education].

PMID- 970284
TI  - [Behavior of physical endurance capacity in boys of secondary-school age. 2.
      Influence of the school sport on the cardiopulmonary capacity of 11- to 14-year
      old boys (long-term study)].

PMID- 970285
TI  - [Industrial medicine indications for the assessment of optimal employment of
      adolescents in agriculture].

PMID- 970286
TI  - Rapid purification of human high molecular weight kininogen.
AB  - Human high molecular weight kininogen was isolated by a rapid procedure, using
      anion exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex, ammonium sulfate precipitation and
      cation exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex. The poor recovery and relatively
      low specific activity observed in earlier experiments was found to be due to a
      contaminant, presumably enzymatic, capable of releasing kinin from the kininogen.
      The "spontaneous" kinin release was blocked by soy bean trypsin inhibitor and by
      C1-inactivator. The isolated kininogen was stable at different temperatures, did
      not contain free kinin and was a good substrate for plasma kallikrein and
      plasmin.

PMID- 970287
TI  - Diamines and polyamines in DMBA-induced breast carcinoma containing mast cells
      resistant to compound 48/80.
AB  - In female rats, mammary carcinoma were induced by DMBA (7,12
      dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene) administration. The activities of histidine and
      ornithine decarboxylases and the concentrations of histamine, putrescine and
      polyamines were determined in tumour extracts and urine. In the tumour tissue,
      formation of histamine and putrescine took place at much higher rates than in
      normal mammary tissue. Administration of compound 48/80 in doses that mobilized
      about 70% of histamine contained in the ear failed to release histamine contained
      in the tumour; 48/80 also failed to produce histological signs of degranulation
      of the tumour mast cells. It thus appears that these cells are different from
      mast cells in most normal tissues, a distinction that calls for further study.

PMID- 970288
TI  - Comparison of the immunosuppressive efficacy of 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine,
      cyclophosphamide and 036.5122 (Asta) on the primary and secondary immune response
      of mice to sheep erythrocytes.
AB  - Two alkylating (cyclophosphamide and 036.5122 Asta) and two antiproliferative
      agents (6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine) have been compared for their immuno
      suppressive potency on the primary and secondary humoral immune response of mice.
      If equitoxic dosages of the respective drugs are compared, the alkylating agents
      proved to be of much higher immunosuppressive potency than the antiproliferative
      agents. In non toxic dosages alkylating agents were able to completely inhibit a
      primary or secondary immune response, whilst a similar effect with
      antiproliferative drugs could not be obtained even within toxic dose ranges.
      Induction of immunological tolerance was possible only by use of the alkylating
      agents. The significance of these comparative studies is discussed in view of the
      frequent use of the tested drugs in clinical immunosuppression.

PMID- 970289
TI  - Thrombus formation, hemostasis, adhesiveness of leukocytes and morphological
      abnormalities in the microcirculation of adjuvant arthritic rats.
AB  - Microcirculatory alterations which may be responsible for the chronicity of
      adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat were investigated. Thrombus formation in
      the mesenteric microcirculation was investigated by laser-technique. In arthritic
      rats thrombus formation for a given stimulus was increased significantly and a
      correlation was found between the intensity of the arthritic changes and this
      thrombotic reaction. Adherence of leukocytes to the venous endothelium was
      studied by an in vivo technique. The number of "rolling" and "sticking"
      leukocytes was greatly increased in the mesenteric venules of arthritic rats.
      Acute treatment of severely arthritic rats with aspirin greatly reduced the
      increased adhesiveness of granulocytes. By the use of an atraumatic technique for
      vital microscopy of the microcirculation of skin of arthritic rats, striking
      morphologic changes with stasis of erythrocytes were observed. Morphological
      aberrations were also found in the mesenteric microvessels of diseased animals.

PMID- 970290
TI  - Pertussis vaccine oedema: an experimental model for the action of penicillamine
      like drugs.
AB  - A delayed hypersensitivity response was induced in the rat paw using pertussis
      vaccine. Oedema was measured after the challenging injection. D-penicillamine and
      levamisole enhanced the response, while indomethacin suppressed it. This model is
      useful to distinguish the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs from those like D
      Penicillamine which have a specific activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 970291
TI  - Pertussis vaccine pleurisy: a model of delayed hypersensitivity.
AB  - Male Wistar rats have been sensitized to Bordetella pertussis using a mixture of
      Freund's incomplete adjuvant and pertussis organisms. Intrapleural challenge 12
      days later with pertussis produced a marked delayed inflammatory response,
      maximal at 48 hours and dominated by influx of mononuclear cells. Dosing with D
      penicillamine (25 mg/kg) and levamisole (5 mg/kg) at the time of challenge
      produced a significant enhancement of the reaction. A long period of dosing with
      either drug, or treatment with indomethacin (3 mg/kg), suppressed the response.
      The relevance of this to the testing and mode of action of antirheumatic drugs is
      discussed.

PMID- 970292
TI  - Inflammation and the vascular changes due to thermal injury in rat hind paws.
AB  - The vascular changes due to thermal injury have been determined in rat hind paws.
      In anaesthetized rats one hind paw has been injured by immersion in water for 30
      seconds; temperature range 49-65 degrees C. Changes in blood flow, blood content
      and albumin content have been determined and compared with values from uninjured
      rats. The swelling caused by thermal injury was temperature-dependent, the higher
      temperatures caused the larger swellings. There were also temperature-dependent
      increases in blood flow to the injured paw and albumin content of the injured
      paw. Changes in blood content only occurred at the highest temperatures.
      Swelling, increased blood flow and albumin content could be detected within 1
      minute of injury. The swelling and albumin content of the tissue then continued
      to increase gradually. The increase in blood flow was greatest 1 minute after
      injury and then stabilized at a flow some 4-5 times higher than normal paw flow.
      The method described can be used to measure vascular changes due to other
      inflammatory stimuli and could be applied to measure changes in other discreet
      areas.

PMID- 970293
TI  - Modification of adjuvant inflammation in rats deficient in essential fatty acids.
AB  - Rats deficient in essential fatty acids (EFA) did not develop as much foot
      swelling on receiving injections of complete Freund's adjuvant as did normal
      controls. Both the acute inflammation and the chronic inflammation were affected.
      This reduction in the chronic phase of adjuvant inflammation was restored to
      normal levels by feeding a small supplement of corn oil as a dietary source of
      EFA. Since the EFA are biologic precursors of prostaglandins (PG), the lack of
      EFA is thought to influence adjuvant-induced inflammation by reducing available
      PG mediators of inflammation.

PMID- 970294
TI  - Release of prostaglandins from the isolated perfused rabbit ear by bradykinin and
      acetylcholine.
AB  - (1) The isolated rabbit ear was perfused via its artery and the venous outflow
      superfused a PGE-sensitive rat stomach strip or a PGF-sensitive rat colon. (2)
      Injection of bradykinin intra-arterially into the ear produced a larger
      contraction of the rat stomach strip than the application of the same dose of
      bradykinin directly to the superfused muscle. (3) This difference is explained as
      a release of PGE-like material by bradykinin since indomethacin (infused i.a.
      into the ear) reduced the effect of the i.a. applied bradykinin. (4) PGF-like
      material could not be detected in the venous effluent. (5) ACh released only
      minimal amounts of PGE-like substance. (6) CONCLUSION: The amount of PGE-like
      material released by bradykinin is large enough to sensitize the paravascular
      pain receptors in the rabbit ear for the attack of bradykinin. Therefore,
      inhibition of PG-synthesis (i.e. by indomethacin) or inhibition of the
      sensitizing action of E-type PGs (i.e. by polyphloretin phosphate) reduces the
      pain producing effect of bradykinin. Since ACh releases only minimal amounts of E
      type PGs, its effect is reduced only to a minimal extent by indomethacin or
      polyphloretin phosphate.

PMID- 970295
TI  - Polyphloretin phosphate reduces the algesic action of bradykinin by interfering
      with E-type prostaglandins.
AB  - (1) The method of the isolated perfused rabbit ear connected to the body by its
      nerve only was used to investigate the influence of the prostaglandin-antagonist
      polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) on the algesic effect of bradykinin (B) and
      acetylcholine (ACh). (2) Intra-arterial injections of B and ACh into the ear
      elicit a reflex fall in systemic blood pressure of the anaesthetized animal. PPP
      reduces this effects of B in proportion to the dose. The effect of ACh is reduced
      only to a small extent and only under higher concentrations of PPP than those
      necessary for inhibiting the effect of B. (3) Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), when
      infused i.a. into the ear, enhances the effect of B and ACh by a sensitizing
      action on the perivascular pain receptors. PPP reduces or totally abolishes the
      PGE1-induced enhancement of the effect of B and ACh. (4) It is concluded that PPP
      reduces the effect of B mainly by inhibiting directly the pain enhancing action
      of the endogenously released PGs of the E-type. The effect of ACh is reduced only
      in the high concentration of PPP to a small extent probably by inhibiting the ACh
      action rather than the sensitizing action of the only minimal released amounts of
      PGs. The PG-antagonizing action of PPP is further proven by the fact that during
      an additional infusion of PGE1 the enhanced effects of both B as well as ACh are
      reduced or abolished by PPP.

PMID- 970296
TI  - Influence of adjuvant arthritis on connective-tissue metabolism.
AB  - In rats with adjuvant arthritis, an analysis was made of the metabolism of
      sulfated proteoglycans, with particular attention to the dorsal skin and the
      extremities. Alterations were demonstrated in all the tissues examined. In the
      uninflamed dorsal skin, the uptake of exogenous sulfate was diminished. By
      contrast, in both hind limbs, at the injected and the non-injected site, the
      turnover of sulfated mucopolysaccharides was increased, above all in ligament and
      cartilage; the calcium content of the bone tissue of both hind legs was, however,
      not affected by the disease.

PMID- 970297
TI  - Anti-inflammatory and related properties of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenylacetic
      acid (fenclofenac).
AB  - Fenclofenac was shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and
      antipyretic properties as measured by tests in rats that detect clinically active
      compounds. In a chronic test for assessing anti-inflammatory activity
      (established adjuvant arthritis), it was approximately equipotent to alclofenac,
      fenoprofen calcium and phenylbutazone, more potent than acetylsalicylic acid and
      ibuprofen, but was less potent than diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, ketoprofen
      and naproxen. In contrast, the potency of fenclofenac in acute tests for anti
      inflammatory, antinociceptive and anti-pyretic activity was generally lower, the
      drug being approximately equipotent to acetylsalicylic acid in such tests. The
      anti-inflammatory activity of fenclofenac was not mediated via the pituitary
      adrenal axis or a counter-irritant action. Fenclofenac was shown to have
      remarkably low gastric ulcerogenic potential, both acutely and chronically.

PMID- 970298
TI  - Computer-based approach to chelation therapy: a theoretical study of some
      chelating agents for the selective removal of toxic metal ions from plasma.
AB  - COMICS is a computer programme for calculating equilibrium concentrations of
      metal complexes and reactive species in multi-metal-multi-ligand systems. Its
      usefulness for analysing metal ion equilibria in blood plasma has been improved
      by including albumin as a ligand. Using this model system the distribution and
      removal of copper(II) and zinc ions in histidinaemia, lead poisoning and Wilson's
      disease have been examined. The efficacy of TRIEN in removing excess copper(II)
      is shown. The use of specific tripeptides such as Gly-Gly-His methyl ester for
      the selective removal of copper(II) is suggested. A possible chemoprophylaxis of
      influenza based on complexation of zinc is discussed. Calculations confirm that
      thiosemicarbazones such as methisazone and 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone are
      effective competitors for heavy metal ions under physiological conditions.

PMID- 970299
TI  - [Lung function in chronic bronchopathy after intranasal inoculation of live
      attenuated influenza vaccine (RIT 4025) (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].

PMID- 970300
TI  - [Spirometry and flow-volume curves in 550 normal individuals between 17 and 23
      years old (author's transl)].

PMID- 970301
TI  - [Detection of early lung function changes in apparently healthy smoker. A
      preliminary report (author's transl)].

PMID- 970302
TI  - [Differential skin testing with PPD in patients with pulmonary disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 970303
TI  - Beclomethasone-Dipropionate aerosol. Use in chronic bronchial asthma.

PMID- 970304
TI  - Teaching language to mentally retarded deaf children: a review of the literature
      and a description of one classroom program.

PMID- 970305
TI  - Effects of the presence of a hearing-impaired preschool child in the family on
      behavior patterns of older "normal" siblings.

PMID- 970306
TI  - The role of idiomatic expressions in the reading of deaf children.

PMID- 970307
TI  - Counseling in schools for the deaf.

PMID- 970308
TI  - A comparison of language skills of hearing impaired children trained in a
      visual/oral method and an auditory/oral method.

PMID- 970309
TI  - The effects of total communication and oralism on deaf third-grade "rubella"
      students. An exploratory study.

PMID- 970310
TI  - The incidence of neurological problems in a deaf school age population.

PMID- 970311
TI  - Communication characteristics of a young deaf adult population: techniques for
      evaluating their communication skills.

PMID- 970312
TI  - Exercise in community cardiac rehabilitation programs.

PMID- 970313
TI  - The effect of physical training on cardiac output and physical work capacity in
      young women.

PMID- 970314
TI  - Utilizing the vitalometer in measuring one aspect of physical fitness among short
      term alcoholic patients.

PMID- 970315
TI  - Message from the president: 1976-77 inaugural address.

PMID- 970316
TI  - Post-operative menisectomy therapy.

PMID- 970317
TI  - The lack of qualified health professionals in the field of occupational safety
      and health.

PMID- 970318
TI  - Resources for occupational health... [guest editorial].

PMID- 970319
TI  - A radioactive mercury vapor generating and exposing system for small scale animal
      experiments.
AB  - An apparatus is described for exposing small animals to high specific activity
      elemental mercury vapor. The vapor is generated by reduction of mercury chloride
      labelled with the 203HG isotope. The vapor is carried by a constant stream of air
      into the exposure chamber. The method has been used to expose rats or mice to
      constant air concentrations of mercury vapor in the range from 0.008 to 0.32
      mg/m3. The specific activity of the mercuric chloride used in the study was
      approximately 1.8 mCi/mgHg. This is sufficiently high to allow measurement of
      tissue deposition of mercury after an exposure period of only 30 minutes.

PMID- 970320
TI  - Measurement of protection factors of chemical cartridge, half-mask respirators
      under working conditions in a copper smelter.
AB  - The performance of three commonly used chemical cartridge respirators for SO2 was
      measured under working conditions in a copper smelter. An effective SO2
      protection factor for each man-respirator trial was calculated as the ratio
      between average SO2 concentrations sampled outside the respirator mask and that
      simultaneously sampled from inside the mask. The in-use SO2 protection afforded
      by the three respirators proved to be highly variable with mean protection
      factors of 22, 18, and 13. The distributions of the protection factors and the
      effects of mask type, facial size, and mask comfort are discussed.

PMID- 970321
TI  - Quantitating the efficiency of the coal mine personal respirable dust sampler for
      sampling oxide fumes.
AB  - Coal mine environments containing fume contaminants are assessed using the
      standard personal respirable dust sampler. The effect of the first-stage
      collector and filter on the total concentration measured was evaluated. The
      results showed that the personal respirable dust sampler could be used to sample
      fumes with TLV's greater than 1.0 mg/m3.

PMID- 970322
TI  - Air-purifying powered respirator pack utilizing a miniature two-stage air mover.
AB  - Design and construction of a moderate-weight, battery-powered, positive-pressure
      respirator pack is described. Design detail of a two-stage air mover is given,
      along with its adaptation for use as a portable air sampler.

PMID- 970323
TI  - Decision and estimation procedures for air contaminants.
AB  - This paper deals with the problem of enforcing average exposure standards for
      atmospheric contaminants in an industrial environment based upon short-period
      samples. Due to inherent uncertainties, a decision is to be made only if the
      probability of incorrect decision is below a prescribed level. It is shown how
      such a decision can be obtained in a very simple manner with the help of a
      decision chart with families of curves corresponding to the number of
      observations.

PMID- 970324
TI  - A statistical technique for determining compliance with dual hygienic standards.
AB  - A mathematical technique was developed to calculate log-normal distribution for
      sample results. This is then compared with a Limiting distribution defined by the
      sampling time, the Time-Weighted Average and the Ceiling Limit standard for the
      material tested. The technique provides a more effective means to decide if
      either or both the T.W.A. or Ceiling Limit has been exceeded. Sample times from
      10 minutes to 4 hours are considered. A similar technique has previously been
      reported for evaluating benzene exposures. Examples are provided to illustrate
      the procedure.

PMID- 970325
TI  - The energetics of mask wear.
AB  - Experimental data further defining the region of predominant respiratory stress
      is presented. Within this region, energy requirements of respiration increase
      disproportionately to the overall energy expenditure of the body as excercise
      intensity increases. Addition of a mask accentuates this tendency, especially
      since no physiological compensation is possible in mask parameters. Mask
      technology has improved masks to the point where they no longer dominate the man
      mask system, but instead contribute resistances and dead volumes approximately
      equal to those naturally occurring in man. Modeling base on minimization of
      respiratory energy rate of expenditure in the human is applied to this man-mask
      system and predictions are made which to this point have been nearly impossible
      to obtain from experimental data.

PMID- 970326
TI  - The NIOSH charcoal tube and other solid sorbent sampling tube certification
      program.

PMID- 970327
TI  - Serial measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide
      angiography early and late after myocardial infarction.
AB  - The left ventricular ejection fraction was determined serially with radioisotope
      angiography in 63 patients with acute myocardial infarction. After the peripheral
      injection of a bolus of technetium-99m, precordial radioactivity was recorded
      with a gamma scintillation camera and the ejection fraction calculated from the
      high frequency left ventricular time-activity curve. Since this technique
      requires no assumptions with respect to left ventricular geometry, it is
      particularly useful in patients with segmental left ventricular dysfunction.
      Serial measurements during the first 5 days after hospital admission were made in
      50 patients, 30 of whom were studied during the subsequent 2 to 39 months (mean
      19.9 months). Late follow-up serial studies were also performed in an additional
      13 patients who had only one measurement of the left ventricular ejection
      fraction during the early postinfarction period. Early after infarction, the left
      ventricular ejection fraction was normal (more than 0.52) in only 15 of the 63
      patients, and averaged 0.52 +/- 0.05 (standard deviation) in the 27 patients with
      an uncomplicated infarct. The ejection fraction was reduced in 24 patients with
      mild to moderate left ventricular failure (0.40 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.0001) and
      in the 12 patients with overt pulmonary edema (0.33 +/- 0.07, P less than
      0.0001). In 35 patients the ejection fraction correlated with the mean pulmonary
      arterial wedge pressure (r = 0.72). In 15 patients with normal left ventricular
      wall motion by heart motion videotracking, the ejection fraction was
      significantly higher (0.53 +/- 0.08) than in the 26 patients with regional left
      ventricular dysfunction (0.41 +/- 0.10, P less than 0.0001). During the early
      postinfarction period, the left ventricular ejection fraction improved in 55
      percent of patients and remained unchanged or decreased in 45 percent. A further
      increase in the ejection fraction was noted in 61 percent of patients during the
      late follow-up period. Patients with an initially low or decreasing ejection
      fraction had a significantly greater incidence of early mortality and left
      ventricular dysfunction (P less than 0.02) than those whose ejection fraction was
      normal or improved to normal early after infarction. These data indicate that the
      ejection fraction is a sensitive indicator of left ventricular function after
      acute myocardial infarction and that serial measurements are helpful in
      predicting early mortality and morbidity.

PMID- 970328
TI  - Regional myocardial blood flow during hyperemia induced by contrast agent in
      patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Regional myocardial specific blood flow (regional specific flow) was measured at
      rest and during contrast hyperemia after the intracoronary injection of xenon
      133. The changes in regional specific flow were transient, resulting in some
      compromise in one of the underlying restraints of the inert gas washout method,
      namely, the presence of a steady state. Therefore, to determine the clinical
      utility of this technique, regional specific flow values obtained with this
      method were correlated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease
      as assessed from the coronary arteriogram and left ventriculogram. Regional
      specific flow during contrast hyperemia was 186+/- 11 (mean +/- 1 standard error
      of the mean) ml/min per 100 g in control patients and 115+/-5 in patients with
      coronary artery disease. There was an inverse relation between regional specific
      flow during contrast hyperemia and the percent coronary stenosis when the
      stenosis was 40 percent or greater (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001). Regional
      specific flow was significantly less in patients with asynergy (77 +/- 10 ml/min
      per 100 g) than in patients with normal ventricular function (105 +/- 5) distal
      to coronary stenoses of greater than 75 percent. Thus regional specific flow
      measured during contrast hyperemia using the xenon washout technique and the
      Anger camera differentiated patients with normal coronary arteriograms from those
      with coronary artery disease. With this technique, good correlation was shown
      between regional specific flow and the percent coronary stenosis and presence of
      ventricular wall abnormalities. The information obtained with this method may
      provide prognostic information concerning suitability for surgical intervention.

PMID- 970329
TI  - Noninvasive myocardial imaging with potassium-43 and rubidium-81 in patients with
      left bundle branch block.
AB  - Noninvasive myocardial imaging with potassium-43 and rubidium-81 has been used
      successfully to identify areas of infarction and exercise-induced ischemia as
      regions of decreased radioactivity. The image defects observed are believed to be
      due to a decreased radionuclide uptake in regions of myocardial scar or to
      heterogeneous myocardial accumulation of tracer as a result of regional ischemia.
      Of 27 patients with left bundle branch block studied with noninvasive imaging at
      rest and during exercise, 25 manifested at rest reduced radioactivity in the
      region of the interventricular septum. This pattern is similar to that seen in
      patients with anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Sixteen of the 27 patients
      underwent diagnostic coronary arteriography and left ventriculography. Only five
      of these patients had evidence of either previous infarction or significant
      obstructive coronary artery disease as assessed with clinical or angiographic
      criteria, or both. Although the image defect was routinely demonstrated at rest
      in patients with left bundle branch block, this defect was generally normalized
      or less distinct with exercise in patients with no anatomic heart disease. In
      contrast, a larger, more distinct or new image defect with exercise correctly
      identified the presence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease in
      patients with left bundle branch block. In the clinical application of
      noninvasive myocardial imaging, these image defects observed at rest can lead to
      the false pasitive radionuclide interpretation of anteroseptal myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 970330
TI  - Reduction of S-T segment elevation with infusion of nitroprusside in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The effect of infusion of sodium nitroprusside on S-T segment elevation was
      evaluated in 12 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Precordial 35
      lead S-T segment maps were obtained in each patient immediately before and 10
      minutes after infusion of 53 mug/min (range 20 to 100 mug/min) of nitroprusside.
      The following measurements were made from each S-T map: sigmaST (total S-T
      elevation in all leads), NST (number of leads with S-T elevation greater than 1
      mm) and ST (average (S-T elevation in leads with more than 1 mm elevation). After
      administration of mitroprusside, evidence of myocardial ischemic injury as
      assessed by S-T mapping decreased in association with reduction of the myocardial
      oxygen consumption index of pressure-time per minute. Group mean values
      diminished significantly for sigmaST (41.7 to 28.6 mm, P less than 0.001), NST
      (20.3 to 14.6, P less than 0.001) and ST (1.6 to 1.2 mm, P less than 0.005).
      Pressure-time per minute decreased from 2,690 to 2,372 mm Hg-sec/min (P less than
      0.001). Because there was no significant relation (P less than 0.05) between
      reductions in S-T elevation and lower indexes of myocardial oxygen consumption,
      it is suggested that nitroprusside may possess a separate action of augmenting
      regional blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Evaluation with the precordial S-T
      mapping technique suggested that intravenous administration of nitroprusside was
      associated with evidence of reduced ventricular ischemic injury in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction. This effect appears to be related to reduction of
      myocardial oxygen demand by the peripheral cardiac unloading mechanisms of
      nitroprusside as well as to a possible direct action of the drug in improving
      regional blood flow to ischemic heart muscle.

PMID- 970331
TI  - Variation in the size and distensibility of the pulmonary arteries in d
      transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - The relative size of the main pulmonary artery was determined from cineangiograms
      of 117 patients with d-transposition of the great arteries by calculating the
      ration between the diameters of the main pulmonary artery and aorta. The
      pulmonary artery was largest in patients with ventricular septal defect or patent
      ductus arteriosus, or both, because of increased pulmonary arterial pressure and
      flow. In patients with an intact ventricular septum or with left ventricular
      outflow tract obstruction, or both, the main pulmonary artery was approximately
      the size of the aorta. Two cases of d-transposition and gross dilatation of the
      main pulmonary artery and hypoplastic first branch pulmonary arteries are
      presented. In these cases the ratio between the diameters of the main pulmonary
      artery and aorta was greater than in any of the other 117 cases studied...

PMID- 970332
TI  - Surgical treatment of degenerative mitral regurgitation.
AB  - Between October 1965 and April 1975, mitral valve replacement was preformed in 66
      patients with myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve ("floppy valve
      syndrome"). Operative mortality was 6 percent (four patients). Current evaluation
      was obtained for all patients; the average postoperative follow-up interval for
      surviving patients was 3.5 years (range 1 month to 9.9 years); the total duration
      of postoperative follow-up for all patients was 180 patient-years. Overall
      survival rates, calculated by the actuarial method, were 81, 68 and 50 percent,
      respectively, 1, 2 and 5 years after mitral valve replacement. Preoperative
      variables with a significantly adverse effect on patient survival included
      patient age greater than 50 years, New York Heart Association functional class
      IV, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure greater than 12 mm Hg and mean
      pulmonary arterial wedge pressure greater than 16 mm Hg. Support is advanced for
      the concept that mitral valve dysfunction associated with myxomatous degeneration
      constitutes a broad spectrum of clinicopathologic involvement. Acute clinical and
      hemodynamic deterioration may often occur in the setting of chronic mitral valve
      dysfunction. Postoperative mortality is directly related to preoperative
      functional disability and hemodynamic evidence of impaired left ventricular
      function. Consideration should be given to earlier operative intervention in
      patients with myoxmatous mitral degeneration and mitral insufficiency before
      severe and probably irreversible impairment of ventricular function occurs.

PMID- 970333
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of tricuspid valve endocarditis: an M mode and two
      dimensional study.
AB  - Standard M mode echocardiography and a new real time two dimensional
      echocardiographic imaging system were utilized to follow the progressive anatomic
      destruction of the tricuspid valve in a patient with bacterial endocarditis. The
      initial two dimensional echocardiographic study revealed large vegetative masses
      attached to severely prolapsing tricuspid leaflets. Serial studies demonstrated
      eventual disruption of the chordal attachments of the anterior tricuspid leaflet
      resulting in frank leaflet flail. This technique was seen to complement both M
      mode echocardiography and cardiac angiography by providing spatial information
      concerning serial changes in the disordered tricuspid valve. Such findings call
      attention to the relative roles of various diagnostic measures, including M mode
      and two dimensional echocardiography, in assessing the specific anatomic and
      functional performance of a diseased tricuspid valve.

PMID- 970334
TI  - Quinidine-induced ventricular flutter and fibrillation without digitalis therapy.
AB  - Three cases are described with documented ventricular flutter and fibrillation
      during quinidine medication without concomitant digitalis therapy. In all three
      patients the arrhythmia developed while they were receiving moderate doses of
      quinidine. Although no changes in QRS width were observed after administration of
      quinidine, there was marked prolongation of the Q-T interval. The mechanism of
      development of ventricular flutter and fibrillation in patients taking quinidine
      may be similar to that in patients with the Q-T prolongation syndrome.

PMID- 970335
TI  - Coronary arteriography for everyone.

PMID- 970336
TI  - Coronary arteriography: selection of patients.

PMID- 970337
TI  - Coronary arteriography 1976--for whom.

PMID- 970338
TI  - Phasic left ventricular blood velocity alternans in man.

PMID- 970339
TI  - Atrial pacing vs. exercise testing.

PMID- 970340
TI  - Functional anatomy of the hands of fur seals and sea lions.
AB  - Dissections and manipulations of the hands of 14 specimens of four genera of fur
      seals and sea lions and of generalized fissiped carnivores were used to identify
      the structural modifications involved in formation of the expanded forelimb
      paddles characteristic of these pinnipeds. The morphological peculiarities were
      then correlated with differences in locomotor function, both on land and in the
      water, on the basis of previously published data, for the purpose of identifying
      modifications of structure and function which have adaptive vale. Structural
      differences found in the manus of fur seals and sea lions include: (1) reduction
      in size of the ulnar side of the carpus and a radial shift in the length-order of
      the digits, (2) development of musculature in the antebrachial fascia which
      attaches to the caudal margin of the flipper, (3) orientation of the radial side
      of the manus dorsal and radial to the rest of the hand, (4) increased range of
      possible midcarpal movement and in deviational mobility at the first and fifth
      digits, (5) attachment of forearm musculature onto radial digits and (6) well
      developed hypothenar muscles and absence of thenar muscles. Modifications in hand
      structure are viewed as providing a morphological basis for employment of the
      hand to advantage during aquatic locomotion while maintaining thrust-producing
      and potentially energy-conserving capacities during movement on land. As such
      these differences in structure and function are viewed as adaptations to
      locomotion in the water and on land which are extensions of locomotor adaptations
      attributed to modifications of forelimb structure and function associated with
      the generation of massive aquatic locomotor thrust. The adaptive value of such
      modifications is interpreted as allowing fur seals and sea lions to swim with
      speed and thereby capture elusive fast-swimming prey while maintaining a level of
      terrestrial locomotor ability compatible with their amphibious mode of life.

PMID- 970341
TI  - Surface view of an injected human lung shortly before the fetus becomes viable.
AB  - These figures of a silicon-rubber-injected fetal human lung illustrate the
      precocious development of filaments (future alveolar ducts) of the pulmonary
      acini. In contrast, there is a long delay in the differentiation of respiratory
      bronchioles. The former are the first to sustain respiration.

PMID- 970342
TI  - Anastomosing tubular arrangement of the exocrine pancreas.
AB  - Wax reconstructions of zymogen-containing cells in rat show the arrangement of
      the exocrine pancreas to be a branching, anastomosing system of tubules which
      vary in diameter and end blindly. This arrangement is not that of a true acinar
      gland.

PMID- 970343
TI  - Formation of packaging units in circket late spermatid nuclei as visualized by
      spreading techniques (1).
AB  - The nuclear organization of a particular step of cricket late spermiogenesis was
      examined by an electron microscope study of spermatids dispersed by air-liquid
      surface tension. Cell spreading techniques facilitate a display of condensing
      spermatid nuclei sufficient to allow interpretation of chromatin packaging
      processes. Results indicate that nuclei of late developing cricket spermatids are
      integrated by multiple packaging units as the result of an orderly aggregation of
      individual chromatin fibers. Each packaging unit consists of a thick fasicle,
      formed by the alignment of smooth chromatin fibers, which frays out into tassels
      of looped fibers.

PMID- 970344
TI  - Glucagon levels in pancreatic extracts and plasma of the lizard (1).
AB  - Levels of glucagon in the splenic pancreas and in plasma of the lizard Anolis
      carolinensis were estimated by radioimmunoassay. The splenic pancreas of Anolis
      has a glucagon concentration nearly a 1000 times greater, on a weight basis, than
      that of the mammalian pancreas. Glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) of anolian
      plasma varied over a wide range, but relative to mammals the GLI levels were
      inappropriately elevated for the concentration of plasma glucagon secretion,
      particularly as related to alpha cell function in the diabetic state.

PMID- 970345
TI  - Hydronephrosis in the mouse: the effects of the short-ear gene, sex and ureteral
      vascular system.
AB  - The short-ear gene in the mouse, se, affects a number of soft tissues; skeletal
      effects result in reduced body cavities. A high incidence of hydronephrosis in
      short-ear genotypes has been ascribed to pressure on the lower ureter resulting
      from crowding of organs in the body cavity. This study concerns the ureteral
      vascular system as observed in 861 autopsies of mice of varying age, of the three
      short-ear genotypes, drawn from ten stocks. Incidence and expression of
      hydronephrosis is greater in short-ear males than in females, and the ratio
      between the two varies from one stock to another. This study seeks an
      explanation. Short-ear genotypes have an abnormally high incidence of unusual
      ureteral veins, hydronephrosis being strongly associated with the more posterior
      ones. Ureteraonadal and iliac veins. The spermatic vein's more posterior
      position, compared with the ovarian, is strongly correlated with the sex
      difference in posterior ureteral venation and thus with the sex difference in
      incidence of hydronephrosis. Stocks are compared according to the amount of
      selection for fitness of short-ear genotypes; there is a reduced incidence of
      hydronephrosis with selection, accompanied by fewer posterior ureteral veins. Age
      also affects hydronephrosis; its expression increases slightly with age, and the
      male sese progeny of young mothers appear to be particularly prone to
      hydronephrosis. Three skeletal mutants segregate; of these fidget, fi, causes a
      type of hydronephrosis differing somewhat from that caused by se.

PMID- 970346
TI  - Fine structure of satellite cells in growing skeletal muscle.
AB  - The morphology of satellite cells was investigated in skeletal muscle from mice
      of various ages between 7 days and 50 weeks. Satellite cells of very young muscle
      had abundant cytoplasm which was rich in organelles. Free ribosomes were abundant
      and usually arranged into polysomes of 5-6 units. Cisternae of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum were heavily studded with ribosomes and occupied the polar regions of
      the cytoplasm. Marked dilations of the cisternae, filled with an amorphous
      electron-lucent material, were a frequent and characteristic feature of satellite
      cells of very young muscle. The cytoplasm of young cells also contained a well
      developed Golgi apparatus as well as numerous mitochondria, microfilaments and
      microtubules. With increasing age there was a rapid reduction in organelles both
      qualitatively and quantitatively. For rxample, as the number of ribosomes
      decreased, their organization into polysomes was lost. The rough endoplasmic
      reticulum was present in cells of older muscle merely as small isolated profiles
      that lacked dilations. These and other features demonstrated during this study
      are consistent with the concept that satellite cells are metabolically very
      active in young muscle but rapidly become quiescent as the animal grows older.

PMID- 970347
TI  - Osteoligamentous guidance of the movements of the human thumb.
AB  - On examination of the thumbs of 20 dissected preparations of ligaments and
      joints, of ten dry skeletons and of a number of living hands, apoposition (from
      apo = away from) was distinguished as a position in which the first
      carpometacarpal joint is fully abducted and laterally rotated and in which one or
      both distal joints of the thumb are flexed. Apoposition is commonly used in
      writing and it has a specific osteoligamentous basis for its stability: (1) a Y
      shaped intermetacarpal ligament is attached by two crura to the base of the
      second metacarpal bone and by a common stem to the first metacarpal. Together
      with the palmar and dorsal oblique ligaments it becomes taut at abduction and
      establishes thereby a fixed center for the circumduction. Stability is enhanced
      as the circumduction takes place in the radial flat part of the joint away from
      the center; (2) of the two palmar prominences of the head of the first metacarpal
      bone the radial is the larger. At 25-30 degrees flexion in the
      metacarpophalangeal joint the prominence fits into an excavation on the base of
      the proximal phalanx in a manner which together with the ulnar collateral
      ligament locks the joint against mutual abduction and lateral rotation, and (3)
      the radial part of the trochlea of the interphalangeal joint is larger than the
      ulnar and secures, together with the ulnar collateral ligament, the joint against
      a radial luxation. Apoposition does not require activity of the thumb muscles; it
      is brought about by applying an external force to the ulnar side of the thumb and
      it is checked by ligaments and the shape of the joints.

PMID- 970348
TI  - The autonomic innervation of the interstitial gland of the rat ovary during
      pregnancy.
AB  - The autonomic innervation of the interstitial gland of the rat ovary was studied
      on days 4, 6, 10, 14 and 18 of pregnancy with the acetylcholinesterase procedure,
      the Falck-Hillarp technique and electron microscopy after 5-hydroxydopamine
      treatment. Acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves were present as perivascular
      plexuses at all stages studied. Adrenergic nerves were present in the
      interstitial gland in all stages studied. The number and intensity of
      interstitial fluorescent adrenergic nerves increased as pregnancy progressed.
      Measurement of norepinephrine with the fluorometric procedure showed a highly
      significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the neurotransmitter in the ovary on
      days 14 and 18 as compared to day 4. Fine-structural studies after administration
      of the false transmitter, 5-hydroxydopamine, showed that the innervation of the
      steroidogenic cells of the interstitial gland is adrenergic.

PMID- 970349
TI  - Loss of cortical granules in mouse ova activated in vivo by electric shock.

PMID- 970350
TI  - The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and isoproterenol on the postnatal
      differentiation of rat submandibular gland.
AB  - The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on the postnatal differentiation of rat
      submandibular gland and on the isoproterenol-induced changes of differentiation
      were studied. The rats were injected with BrdU for three consecutive days,
      beginning at two days of age. The total dose of BrdU was 0.9 mg/g body weight.
      BrdU caused a severe retardation of growth up to 15 days of age. A rapid growth
      of the animals between 15 and 22 days indicated a recovery from the effect of
      BrdU. The growth of the submandibular gland was retarded similarly with a
      corresponding decrease in DNA, RNA and protein content. Incorporation of
      tritiated thymidine into the submandibular gland was not altered in the BrdU
      treated animals at one and three days after the last injection of the analog. At
      days 15 and 22 the rate of thymidine incorporation was greater in the
      submandibular gland of BrdU-treated rats as compared to littermate controls.
      Isoproterenol stimulated thymidine incorporation into the submandibular glands of
      two-week-old rats. This stimulation was not observed in rats which received BrdU
      at age 7-9 days, prior to the administration of isoproterenol. Election
      microscopic observations, including a quantitative analysis of the frequency
      distribution of the various cell types in the terminal tubules and developing
      acini, indicated a retardation of acinar cell differentiation in the glands of
      BrdU-treated rats. In addition, there was an increase in the number and size of
      the secretory granules in the terminal tubule cells. BrdU treatment, however,
      caused no obvious pathologic alterations in the submandibular gland.
      Administration of isoproterenol for five days, beginning at five days of age,
      caused an apparent acceleration of the differentiation of acinar cells. In the
      glands of isoproterenol-treated rats the acinar cells were enlarged and were
      filled with homogeneous secretory granules. Pretreatment with BrdU partially
      inhibited the effects of isoproterenol on differentiation and hypertrophy of the
      submandibular gland. With the given dose of BrdU, approximately 5% of thymine was
      replaced by bromouracil in the DNA of the submandibular gland. Such a replacement
      would be consistent with a direct effect of BrdU on the cytodifferentiation in
      the submandibular gland. However, because of the severe retardation of growth of
      the BrdU-treated rats, indirect effects can not be excluded.

PMID- 970351
TI  - The systemic arterial pattern of the guinea pig: the pelvis and pelvic limb.
AB  - The systemic arterial pattern of 59 guinea pigs was examined by dissection,
      angiography, or corrosion casting. The blood supply to the pelvis and the pelvic
      limbs arises as two terminal branches of the aorta, the right and left common
      iliac arteries, and each of these divides into external and internal iliac
      arteries. Their pattern of distribution resembles a typical mammalian pattern.
      The external iliac artery passes throught the body wall to supply the pelvic limb
      and the internal iliac artery is distributed primarily to the pelvic region and
      its viscera.

PMID- 970352
TI  - Light and electron microscopic localization of acetylcholinesterase activity in
      the rat renal nerves.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase activity is shown in the renal nerves of the rat with the
      technique of Karnovsky and Roots. By light microscopy, the acetylcholinesterase
      positive nerves are seen in association with blood vessels, including the
      glomerular arterioles, and occasionally with renal tubules. By electron
      microscopy the precipitate appears extracellularly around axons and varicosities.
      DFP inhibits the deposition of precipitate. Previous demonstration by serial
      section electron microscopy in the rat revealed that all nerves around the
      glomerular arterioles contain small dense-cored vesicles characteristic of
      adrenergic nerves, indicating that the acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves
      demonstrated here are likely to be adrenergic nerves containing
      acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 970353
TI  - Melatonin induction of testicular recrudescence in hamsters and its subsequent
      inhibitory action on the antigonadotrophic influence of darkness on the pituitary
      gonadal axis.
AB  - Exposure of adult male hamsters to light-dark (LD) cycles of 0:24 (in hours) for
      12 weeks induced atrophy of the testes and accessory sex organs and a drop in
      immunoreactive pituitary and plasma prolactin levels. The subsequent exposure of
      these hamsters to LD 14:10 cycles caused regeneration of the sexual organs and an
      increase in pituitary LH and prolactin levels. Likewise, the weekly treatment of
      dark-exposed hamsters with subcutaneous melatonin-beeswax pellets led to
      regeneration of the peripheral reproductive organs and an increase in pituitary
      LH and prolactin levels. After gonadal regeneration, complete darkness failed to
      induce atrophy of the reproductive system indicating that either long
      photoperiods or melatonin treatment cause the pituitary-gonadal axis to be
      refractory to the inhibitory influence of darkness.

PMID- 970354
TI  - Endothelial DNA synthesis in themicrovasculature of rat skin during the hair
      growth cycle.
AB  - Earlier studies of the vascular patterns around hair follicles revealed that
      actively growing follicles have an extensive microvasculature relative to that
      around quiescent follicles. In order to determine whether the establishment of
      the active perifollicular vascular pattern involves replication of endothelial
      and perivascular cells, we studied the 3H-thymidine labeling indices of these
      cells in autoradiographs of rat skin from regions containing either actively
      growing follicles or recently inactive follicles. In skin containing inactive
      follicles, the endothelial labeling index was 0.22%, a figure similar to those
      reported for the endothelium of small blood vessels in several other non
      stimulated adult tissues. However, skin containing actively growing follicles
      displayed an endothelial labeling index of 2.35%. The labeling indices of
      perivascular cells paralleled those of the endothelial cells. Thus, endothelial
      and perivascular cells in vessels associated with actively growing follicles
      undergo significantly more DNA synthesis than those in vessels associated with
      inactive follicles. Replication of these cells apparently contributes to the
      extension of the microvascular network around growing follicles.

PMID- 970355
TI  - Relationship between the adrenal cortex and thymic involution in "lethargic"
      mutant mice.
AB  - To determine if the adrenal gland plays a role in the thymic involution which
      occurs spontaneously in "lethargic" mutant mice, three different studies were
      made. Morphological studies were made first to determine if there was an
      indication of histological changes in the adrenal glands. Next, serum levels of
      corticosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Finally, mice were unilaterally
      adrenalectomized to see if such treatment would improve various symptoms of
      "lethargic" mutants. Results of the studies showed that lipid granules in the
      cortical cells of "lethargic"mutants were greatly reduced in number during the
      time of spontaneous thymic involution, and the mutant mice had a significantly
      higher level of serum corticosterone than the normal controls. Mutant mice
      unilaterally adrenalectomized at 15 days of age showed a marked improvement in
      their condition and their mortality rate decreased. It is concluded that
      spontaneous thymic involution of "lethargic" mutants is probably associated with
      adrenocortical hypersecretion.

PMID- 970356
TI  - A contribution to our knowledge of Leonurus L., i-mu-ts'ao, the Chinese
      motherwort.
AB  - This article deals with the ethnobotanical aspects of the Chinese motherwort.
      Since time immemorial the Chinese people have used various parts of motherwort to
      meet different physical needs. By the time a written language was developed and
      the medical uses were recorded. , motherwort was treated as an article of
      superior quality. At present, under the name of i-mu-ts'ao, the plant is used for
      improving bloodflow both by official physicians and herbal practitioners
      throughout the country as well as by villagers in isolated areas. According to
      Chinese classical literature on materia medica, the early uses were limited to
      the parts of the plant which met the most obvious needs of the prehistorical
      people in their struggle for existence-food and pain reliever. Evidently, in
      their search for food, the ancient people found that the four nutlets contained
      in the dry and spinose calyx of the Chinese motherwort resemble the seasame seed
      in size and oil content. They gathered them and used them for food in similar
      manner as with the sesame. Consequently, they discovered the good effects to the
      eyesight, the improvement of strength, and the uplift of spirit. These
      discoveries led to the use of the seed of the species as an eye medicine for
      improving the eyesight, and as a tonic for the increase of strength and the
      elevation of spirit. Contagious skin diseases caused serious problems for the
      ancient people. The use of the leafy shoot for a bath to release the discomfort
      of itches and shingles was also recorded in the 42-word first medicinal record of
      the species in the earliest known Chinese materia medica-the Shen-nung pen-ts'ao
      ching. Translators of the Chinese classics have included the records of i-mu
      ts'ao. According to my knowledge, these works are all partial translations with
      the selections of the medicinal properties and the omissions on the methods of
      preparation. They have the outline and abandon the details. Consequently most of
      them are not clear. In order to provide complete information on the discoveries
      of the ancient Chinese people on the uses of i-mu-ts'ao, all the records up to
      the end of the sixteenth century are organized and translated under the following
      headings: (1) ecological and morphological observations; (2) preparations; (3)
      physical and therapeutical properties; (4) special prescriptions for internal and
      external uses-including pills for pregnant women, for mothers post partum, as an
      emmenagogue, and as a corrective agent, condensed liquid, powder, fresh juice,
      baby bath and washes, poultices, charred shoots, gargles, drops and cakes; (5)
      other economic uses-including cosmetics and food; and (6) etymology. The
      distribution of i-mu-ts'ao is significant in photogeography and in the
      nomenclature of the species. I-mu-ts'ao was purposely introduced from South China
      to Linnaeus in Sweden before the publication of the Species Plantarum in 1753.
      Linnaeus planted the seed in the botanical garden of the University of Uppsala...

PMID- 970357
TI  - Extraction of hypotensive principles from seeds of Cassia tora.
AB  - Seeds of Cassia tora Linn. (Leguminosae) are known in Chinese medicinal herbal
      practice as Chueh-ming-tzu. Aqueous and methanol extracts from these seeds elicit
      hypotensive effects on anesthetized rats. Preliminary phytochemical studies show
      that the active hypotensive principles are derived from the kernel of the seed
      and consist of mainly glycosides.

PMID- 970358
TI  - A possible reflex mechanism of hypotensive action of extract from Cassia tora
      seeds.
AB  - The Chinese medicinal herb Chueh-ming-tzu, seeds of Cassia tora (Leguminosae)
      Linn., elicits hypotensive effects in anesthetized rats. Experimental results
      indicate that the hypotensive effect of the Cassia tora extract possibly involves
      a vagal reflex which reciprocally alters the vasomotor tone of the centrally
      emanating sympathetic nervous system. It is shown that the capacity of the Cassia
      tora extract to reduce blood pressure is significantly reduced in vagotomized
      rats and that hypotensive effects are greatly antagonized in rats whose
      sympathetic nervous systems are interrupted by transection of the spinal cord.

PMID- 970359
TI  - Induction of labor by acupuncture electro-stimulation.
AB  - Induction of labor by acupuncture electro-stimulation was carried out in 31
      patients. This was successful in 21 cases. The pattern of uterine contractions
      induced in these patients was similar to that in normal labor. No serious fetal
      or maternal complications occurred. The delay between the commencement of
      stimulation and the onset of contractions suggests that a humoral mechanism may
      be involved.

PMID- 970360
TI  - Acupuncture for several functional disorders. Part I.
AB  - This is Part I of a study whose purpose is two-fold, that is, to arrive at a
      classification of diseases under investigation according to their responsiveness
      to acupuncture therapy, and to discuss and identify the most effective loci for
      the diseases investigated. In Part I of this study, over 500 patients afflicted
      with hyperthyroidism, trigeminal neuralgia or intercostal neuralgia were treated
      with acupuncture therapy. The results of the treatment, together with the
      selection of acupuncture loci and the techniques of needle manipulation are
      reported in detail. Over 80% of the patients were found to have made excellent
      improvement. The three diseases are therefore classified as diseases on which
      acupuncture therapy yields excellent results.

PMID- 970361
TI  - ECT and Acu-EST in the treatment of depression.
AB  - This paper presents three brief case histories from a three year study comparing
      electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with acupuncture treatment in functional
      psychoses. Acupuncture effects were augmented by the simultaneous, non-painful
      electrical stimulation of eight acupuncture needles. The resulting treatment is
      called Acupuncture Electric Stimulation Therapy (Acu-EST). Each patient was
      utilized as her own control, treating exacerbations of depression alternately
      with ECT and Acu-EST. Acu-EST was not found to be a panacea and did not enable
      the discontinuation of antidepressant and neuroleptic medication. Individual Acu
      EST treatments were often less effective than individual ECT treatments. However,
      series of Acu-EST did assist in producing significant remissions in depressive
      symptomatology. Because it did not produce the temporary disabling memory defects
      which occurred with ECT, Acu-EST was more easily adaptable to outpatient
      treatment.

PMID- 970362
TI  - A new technique for the insertion of acupuncture needles.
AB  - A new technique to insert acupuncture needles into the tissue without touching
      the needle with the fingers of the acupuncturist was developed by the authors. It
      is easy to perform and completely eliminates the problem of contamination. The
      bending of the needle is less frequent and the pain sensation of the patient is
      also minimized.

PMID- 970363
TI  - Medical education in China.
AB  - This article concerns the changes in Chinese medical education which have taken
      place since the Cultural Revolution, specifically the relationship between
      political ideology and actual practice. It synthesizes the documentation which
      appeared in a series of articles devoted to a public discussion on the direction
      and emphasis in medical and health work published in Renmin Ribao (People's
      Daily), Peking, from December 8, 1968 to November 4, 1975. The major themes of
      the public discussion are: (a) medical and health work serving the masses; (b)
      insistence on the "correct" revolutionary line; (c) combining theory with
      practice; (d) unity of traditional Chinese and Western medicine; (e) putting
      prevention first; and (f) emphasis on medical personnel retaining the
      characteristics of the working people. This is followed by a transcript prepared
      by the authors from a tape recording made during a visit to Zhongshan Medical
      College of Guangzhou (Canton) on November 5, 1974 describing the relationship
      between political ideology and actual practice in the field of contemporary
      Chinese medical education.

PMID- 970364
TI  - The effects of 0.1 and 1.0 per cent erythrocytes and hemolysis on serum chemistry
      values.
AB  - Changes in serum chemistry values as a result of incomplete removal of
      erythrocytes and in vitro hemolysis during the preparative process have been
      studied. Two levels of contamination, corresponding to removal of 99% and 99.9%
      of the erythrocytes, were used to examine the effects of both hemolyzed and
      intact cells. Forty chemical procedures and methods were considered. Serum LDH
      values were most strongly affected by hemolyzed erythrocytes. Potassium, creatine
      phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and iron
      showed smaller but significant effects due to the presence of 1% hemolyzed cells,
      with lesser effects observed at the 0.1% level. The presence of non-hemolyzed
      cells at either level did not significantly alter chemistry results.

PMID- 970365
TI  - Effects of specimen evaporation on quality control.
AB  - Serum samples stored in a refrigerator and in ambient room air were studied for
      alteration of mean weight and mean concentration values. The storage period
      selected was four hours and the samples were variously stored exposed,
      refrigerated, and covered with a sample tray cover and by an airtight cover. Some
      storage procedures produced values more than 2 SD from the mean for many
      analytes. These findings were confirmed by a parallel study revealing a decrease
      of sample weight after the four-hour storage period. Storage at 4 C in sample
      cups covered by an airtight opaque shield alleviated the problem. Failure to
      treat external quality control sample pools in the same way as other samples will
      produce unexplained out-of-control results.

PMID- 970366
TI  - Assessment of the serum separator tube as an intermediate storage device within
      the laboratory.
AB  - An integral blood-drawing-serum separator tube, (SST) is evaluated for use as an
      in-laboratory serum storage device. Sera stored in the SST were compared with
      paired controls that were specimens from the same subjects stored in closed
      culture tubes. Eighty-six serum chemistry determinations showed no clinically
      significant change as a result of 48 hours of storage in the original blood
      drawing tubes. Storage of serum in this manner provides the laboratory with
      specimens for reanalysis or additional analyses while eliminating manipulative
      steps, including serum removal, tube relabeling, and intertube transfers, and
      reducing errors due to misidentification and/or contamination.

PMID- 970367
TI  - Sources of error in glucose determinations in neonatal blood by glucose oxidase
      methods, including Dextrostix.
AB  - An investigation was carried out to examine why a glucose oxidase-peroxidase
      orthodianisidine method for plasma glucose, without protein precipitation, gave
      low results for neonatal blood. The magnitude of the difference between the
      results with and without protein precipitation was examined in a clinical
      neonatal series, and in sera to which bilirubin, hemolysate, pure hemoglobin, and
      uric acid had been added. Systematic linear inhibition was demonstrated with
      bilirubin, and the results suggested that high concentrations of hemolysate and
      uric acid could also interfere. Use of alkaline protein precipitants eliminated
      the inhibition. Dextrostix test results for neonatal blood are compared with
      results of conventional glucose analyses and possible sources of discrepancy
      examined.

PMID- 970368
TI  - New diagnostic use of bone marrow acid and alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Prostatic acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase values in bone marrow were
      correlated with skeletal surveys and diagnoses during a six-month study. In cases
      of biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate, bone marrow prostatic acid
      phosphatase was the most consistently abnormal value. Diagnoses other than
      prostatic cancer involving the bone marrow, e.g., myeloma and leukemias, were
      associated with elevated prostatic acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase
      values. In cases in which the bone marrow was not involved by metastasis, these
      values were normal. Bone marrow prostatic acid phosphatase assay was found to be
      a very good tool for detecting early osseous metastases from any site, including
      prostatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 970369
TI  - Hemangiopericytoma-like intranasal tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 23 cases.
AB  - The clinical, microscopic, and gross pathologic features of 23 cases of
      intranasal hemangiopericytoma-like tumors are reviewed and studied. When in the
      nasal cavity, these lesions often originated in a paranasal sinus and extended
      into the nasal cavity secondarily. They occurred most commonly in adults in the
      sixth and seventh decades of life; there was no significant sex predilection.
      Twenty-two of the 23 patients were Caucasian. These patients most commonly had
      symptoms of nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Clinically the lesions were
      generally thought to represent allergic polyps. Although appearing
      microscopically as non-differentiated spindle-cell neoplasms, these lesions
      showed little nuclear or cytoplasmic pleomorphism, minimal mitotic activity, and
      no necrosis or hemorrhage or other evidence of anaplasia found in malignant
      tumors. Follow-up data showed no evidence to suggest a malignant or biologically
      unpredictable lesion. Nineteen of 22 cases followed showed no recurrence
      regardless of the treatment; those that recurred did so locally. No metastasis or
      other form of aggressive behavior attributed to hemangiopericytomas in other
      anatomic locations was seen in this series. Another case, diagnosed as a
      malignant hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity, showed dissimilar and
      anaplastic histologic features. This case metastasized and is discussed, though
      not included in this study.

PMID- 970370
TI  - Hepatic lesions of central pericellular fibrosis in morbid obesity, and after
      jejunoileal bypass.
AB  - Histologic findings in liver biopsy specimens obtained from 88 patients before
      and one and two years after end-to-end jejunoileal bypass are compared. In
      addition to the expected fatty changes, mild changes of centrilobular,
      pericellular fibrosis were present in the initial biopsies in 8.6%; a year later
      they had become apparent in 46%. Portal-central bridging developed in 6.8%, and
      early micronodular cirrhosis in 3.4%--always in those with central pericellular
      fibrosis. Electron-microscopic study of pre-bypass liver biopsies from eight
      addtional patients showed collagen and electron-dense material resembling
      basement membranes within the spaces of Disse in seven, although only four had
      light-microscopic evidence of minimal central pericellular fibrosis. The
      existence of these light- and electron- microscopic changes before jejunoileal
      bypass suggests that there is a lesion in morbid obesity that may be exacerbated
      during the first year after operation.

PMID- 970371
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma in children. A clinicopathologic study of 35 patients.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with rhabdomyosarcoma were treated at the Children's
      Hospital Medical Center from 1953 to 1973. Factors important in diagnosis and
      prognosis included age, sex, site, stage of tumor, and specific pathologic type.
      Effects that surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy had on survivals were also
      analyzed. Survivals ranged from 2 to 20 years. The rates were 86% for Stage I
      disease; 40% for Stage II disease, and 0 for the more advanced lesions. A useful
      prognostic indicator was found in pathologic subgroupings. Survivals for the
      myxoid spindle-cell variant were 80% for all stages. For the partial maturation
      series with moderately well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts, survival was 10% for
      all stages. For a combination of the above two types, survival was 40% for all
      stages. The alveolar types had no survivors, although these patients seemed to
      live longer with their disease.

PMID- 970372
TI  - The adrenal cortex in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.
AB  - The morphologies of the adrenal cortical zones of 25 children with cystic
      fibrosis and 24 control patients are presented. A technic for objective
      measurement of these zones is described. Hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa in
      the children with cystic fibrosis is significant and may be related to chronic
      loss of salt in the sweat or demands placed on renal salt-conserving mechanisms.

PMID- 970373
TI  - Small-cell carcinoma of the male mammary gland. A tumor resembling infiltrating
      lobular carcinoma.
AB  - The cases of two patients with infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the male mammary
      gland are discussed. They represent two of a total of 16 male patients with
      mammary carcinomas examined at the Medical College of Virginia between 1950 and
      1975. Two previous similar cases have been reported in the literature as "small
      cell" carcinoma. In one of the current cases there is unexplained benign lobular
      proliferation with atypical features suggesting lobular origin of the
      infiltrating tumor.

PMID- 970374
TI  - Probable acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in a Korean child.
AB  - A 5-year-old Korean boy developed multiple subcutaneous, nontuberculous
      granulomas and died with meningoencephalitis. Autopsy disclosed amebic granulomas
      in subcutaneous tissue, the left adrenal gland, and the pancreas, with more acute
      inflammatory lesions in the liver, kidney, and brain. The causative organism is
      believed to be an Acanthamoeba sp.

PMID- 970376
TI  - Mapping of several abnormal hemoglobins by horizontal polyacrylamide gel
      isoelectric focusing.
AB  - The relative mobilities of serveral human hemoglobin variants were studied by use
      of an isoelectric focusing method in a thin-layer horizontal polyacrylamide gel.
      The technic is described in detail and a preliminary mapping of these variants is
      presented. It appears that thin-layer gel isoelectric focusing is a method that
      is rapid, highly reproducible and easily applicable in laboratories concerned
      with the study of hemoglobinopathies.

PMID- 970375
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of botulism complicated by pyridostigmine treatment of the
      patient. A method for selectively removing interfering substances from clinical
      specimens.
AB  - In August 1974, a case of botulism occurred; home-canned potatoes and peas
      containing Clostridium botulinum, type A, were strongly incriminated as the
      vehicle of transmission. C. botulinum, type A, was isolated from a stool specimen
      of the patient, but the mouse neutralization test for botulinal toxin could not
      be completed because the stool extract contained a highly toxic, heat-stable
      substance that rapidly killed mice. Historical and laboratory evidence indicated
      that the substance was pyridostigmine bromide, a low-molecular-weight drug with
      which the patient had been treated after her disease was misdiagnosed as
      myasthenia gravis. A generally applicable method employing dialysis by which
      toxic SUBSTANCED of low molecular weigth could be selectively removed from
      specimens without diminishing the potency of botulinal toxin contained in them
      was developed. Dialysis rendered a pyridostigmine solution, a stool extract from
      the patient with botulism, and a stool extract from a person taking
      pyridostigmine virtually nontoxic to mice. Dialysis did not significantly alter
      the toxicity to mice of crude botulinal toxin; it selectively eliminated all or
      almost all pyridostigmine toxicity from a pyridostigmine-botulinal toxin mixture
      without altering the toxicity of the botulinal toxin.

PMID- 970377
TI  - Effects of patient racial attribution on black clinicians' inferences.
AB  - This study was done to determine the impact of patient racial attribution on
      black practitioners' clinical judgments. Fifty-five professionals indicated their
      clinical reactions to a bogus case description of a sexually maladjusted male
      patient identified as black or white and also completed a traditional social
      beliefs scale. Relatively untraditional clinicians evaluated the black-designated
      patient more favorably than the white-designated patient. The less traditional
      practitioners also evaluated the black-designated patient more favorably than did
      the traditional clinicians. Effects of patient race were found for both clinical
      impressions and treatment decisions and were not attenuated in the more highly
      experienced subsample. Implications and limitations of the findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 970378
TI  - Untrained paraprofessionals' verbal helping behavior. Description and
      implications for training.
AB  - The verbal behavior of untrained paraprofessionals in simulated initial helping
      interactions was studied. Taped interviews conducted by 131 helpers-in-training
      were evaluated on the Helping Skills Verbal Response System, a category system
      consisting of continuing, leading, and self-referent responses. Helpers were
      found to vary considerably in number and types of responses given. Leading
      responses were twice as frequent as continuing responses. The most often used
      response was the closed question. Few responses focusing on helpees' feelings
      were given. The implications for training were discussed in terms of the
      facilitative role of helpers in initial helping interactions.

PMID- 970379
TI  - The development and evaluation of a community mental health education program for
      seminarians.
AB  - Because the clergy stands in an ideal position to serve the mental health needs
      of the community, seminaries have, for some time, included courses in pastoral
      counseling and related skills. While valuable, these courses tend to focus on the
      traditional clinical relationship excluding the broader role of community
      interventionist. Viewing this need, a course was developed to train seminarians
      in principles and practices of community mental health. The 28 students were
      compared to 24 controls at the beginning and end of the term. Evaluative
      instruments were the Community Mental Health Ideology Scale, two scales adapted
      from the Theological School Inventory, a self-evaluative competence scale, and a
      role evaluation scale. Data within a 2 X 2 X 2 design were subjected to an
      analysis of variance. Experimentals were found to exceed controls on the
      Community Mental Health Ideology Scale (p less than or equal to .001), the
      competence scale (p less than or equal to .01), and role evaluation scale (p less
      than or equal to .01).

PMID- 970380
TI  - Evaluation of crisis intervention services with anonymous clients.
AB  - A technique is introduced for using intake data to evaluate crisis intervention
      services in which client anonymity prevents the usual follow-up procedures. The
      technique is based on the assumptions (a) that the rate of reuse of the service
      indicates the effectiveness of the service, and (b) that counselors' estimates of
      their effectiveness provide some indication of the adequacy of their training.
      The study was conducted at a 24-hour metropolitan hotline. In addition to
      obtaining the usual intake information, counselors asked callers how often they
      had used the hotline previously and then rated their own effectiveness in aiding
      the callers. Analyses show the relative effectiveness of the hotline with various
      types of callers and problems and suggest areas where additional counselor
      training is desirable.

PMID- 970381
TI  - Evaluating the crisis service of a community mental health center.
AB  - This paper describes the use of an empirically based evaluation system for the
      Crisis Service of a comprehensive community mental health center. Through
      cooperative agreements with community agencies, jailings of behaviorally
      disturbed individuals have decreased in number and duration. Evaluations have
      also measured response time and success of recommendations made by workers. The
      authors describe how the Crisis Service's  evaluation techniques reflect the
      Center's commitment to accountability, a behavioral approach, and community
      orientation. Data concerning evaluation of the service are presented.

PMID- 970382
TI  - Hyperamylasemia in heroin addicts. Characterization by isoamylase analysis.
AB  - Hyperamylasemia was noted in 17 (19%) of a group of 91 hospitalized heroin
      addicts. Thirteen of the 17 were in acute respiratory distress (12 with so-called
      "heroin lung" syndrome and one with status asthmaticus). Isoamylase analysis in
      the hyperamylasemic patients demonstrated S-type isoamylase dominance in 15, P
      type isoamylase dominance in one and essentially equivalent P- and S-type
      isoamylase elevations in one. It would appear from these data that the
      hyperamylasemia after heroin in most persons addicted to the use of this drug
      arises from the sources other than the pancreas. Changes in the lungs occurring
      in association with heroin addiction seem to have an important role among the
      possible contributory factors.

PMID- 970383
TI  - Colonscopic excision of sessile polyps.
AB  - Most benign sessile colon polyps can be removed colonoscopically from all reaches
      of the colon, thus avoiding laparotomy previously required for most of these
      lesions. Two hundred and fifty colonoscopy procedures were reviewed, revealing 87
      sessile colon polyps ranging from 0.5-6.0 cm. in size. Sixty-eight of 87 lesions
      were excised from 51 patients with just three lesions found to be malignant
      (invasive adenocarcinoma). Sixteen lesions were felt to be unsuitable for safe
      colonscopic excision and were, therefore, removed by laparotomy (in 12 patients)
      and six lesions found to be malignant. Three sessile lesions in this consecutive
      series were not yet removed at the time of this writing. Thorough bowel
      preparation and evaluation for other possible lesions are important components of
      this procedure, which yielded other polyps or cancers in 24 of 66 patients. While
      most sessile lesions less than 2 cm. in size can be excised endoscopically,
      certain larger benign sessile lesions can also be removed using piece-meal snare
      excision technics and radiowave electrocautery (principle of less heat
      penetration and tissue destruction). Seventy-nine per cent of all sessile colon
      polyps were excised colonoscopically in this series making abdominal surgery now
      unnecessary for most colon polyps. Laparotomy is necessary for certain larger
      benign lesions and all sessile lesions containing invasive cancer.

PMID- 970384
TI  - Tuberculous peritonitis. A case report and review.
AB  - A 32-year old Dominican woman with signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen, was
      found to have tuberculous peritonitis. Our experience with this patient is
      presented along with a review of the literature. Population shifts may bring
      about an increased number of cases in this country. Awareness of this entity will
      avoid unnecessary diagnostic errors and laparotomy. The surgeon should also be
      versed in the total management and be prepared to handle the surgical
      complications of the disease.

PMID- 970385
TI  - Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach mimicking gastric malignancy.
AB  - A case of benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach misdiagnosed as ulcerating
      gastric carcinoma is presented. The similarities in the clinical, roentgenologic
      and and gastroscopic features as well as in the gross appearance of the two
      lesions are described and the features which help differentiation are
      highlighted. The pathologic picture suggested that the lesion possibly arose as a
      peptic ulcer and the clinical history further supports such a possibility.

PMID- 970386
TI  - Optimum dose of histamine for maximal acid output in underweight subjects.
AB  - The effects of increasing doses of histamine acid phosphate on the gastric
      secretion of acid has been studied in a randomized fashion in five normal control
      and 15 duodenal ulcer subjects. The dose of histamine acid phosphate used in each
      individual was 40, 70, 76 and 80 mug/kg. and 3.2 mg. of histamine. In 12 of 20
      subjects the highest mean +/- S.D. acid output was observed after a dose of 76
      mug./kg. body weight. When the acid output was expressed as the percentage of the
      highest response with different doses of HAP, the response was maximum with 76
      mug. kg. dose. Further statistical analysis by rank totals and X2r by Friedman's
      two-way analysis by ranks also revealed highest acid output after a 76 mug./kg.
      dose of HAP. These findings suggest that 76 mug./kg. is the optimum dose for
      maximal acid output in underweight subjects. Only one patient showed highest acid
      output after a 3.2 mg. dose of histamine. The mean +/- S.D. acid output after 76
      mug./kg. was higher than that after a 3.2 mg. dose of histamine. Hence, for
      estimating maximal acid output, a weight related dose and not a fixed dose is
      recommended. Further, it was shown that there was significant correlation between
      PAO and MAO after various doses of histamine in both the groups. Hence, for
      clinical purposes, estimation of one hourly poststimulatory maximal acid output
      after a dose of 76 mug./kg. body weight of histamine acid phosphate is
      recommended for underweight subjects.

PMID- 970387
TI  - Postbiliary surgery complaints. Psychosomatic aspects.

PMID- 970388
TI  - Intrahepatic cholestasis following the use of Atromid-S.

PMID- 970389
TI  - Afferent loop syndrome: a different picture.
AB  - A patient who had a 50% gastrectomy with a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy one and
      a half years previously, complained of recent severe weakness as the only symptom
      was found to have an iron deficiency anemia with a periumbilical mass. A
      gastrointestinal series showed a soft tissue density in the epigastric area
      which, by ultrasonography, was found to be fluid-containing. Laparotomy revealed
      obstruction of the afferent loop caused by a marginal ulcer.

PMID- 970390
TI  - Carcinoma of the gallbladder: a diagnosis aided by endoscopic retrograde and
      percutaneous hepatic cholangiography.
AB  - In a patient with obstructive jaundice, extrinsic compression of the common bile
      duct (Mirizzi syndrome) due to squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder was
      documented with the combination of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and
      pancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC).

PMID- 970391
TI  - Chymotrypsin output in the stools in pancreatic and other diseases.
AB  - Chymotrypsin output in the stools (u./24 hr.) has been calculated from analysis
      of single stool samples, using cuprous isothiocyanate as a continuous marker. The
      values thus calculated agreed favorably with those calculated from three-day
      stool collections. In 45 controls, with and without steatorrhea, chymotrypsin
      output was above 10,000 u./24 hr. In six patients with pancreatic insufficiency
      the values were considerably lower. In 10 patients with pancreatic disease
      without insufficiency the values were in the normal range. The method was found
      very useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency. It was not sensitive
      enough to detect lesser degrees of pancreatic damage.

PMID- 970392
TI  - Shigella hepatitis.

PMID- 970393
TI  - Studies on factors affecting healing of gastric ulcer. A prospective, cooperative
      study in Japan.
AB  - To assess factors influencing the healing of gastric ulcer, a prospective and
      cooperative study was carried out in Osaka, Japan. Four hundred nineteen patients
      with single gastric ulcer were followed from May, 1971 to June, 1973. These
      patients were divided into two groups, "healing" and "delayed healing", on the
      basis of the criteria by the distribution analysis. By the multivariate analysis
      of 11 factors picked up, site, size of the ulcer and age were related to healing
      of gastric ulcer with the larger weight. These results suggest that ulcers of
      smaller lesions, ulcers of the gastric body, ulcers of the anterior wall or
      younger patients show faster healing in general.

PMID- 970394
TI  - Intraluminal incarceration of long intestinal tubes.

PMID- 970395
TI  - The microcirculatory correlator: a new instrument for the intraoperative
      evaluation of visceral circulatory integrity.
AB  - The microcirculatory correlator probe has been used on multiple occasions on the
      abdominal viscera and clear pulse-wave tracings have been obtained from all the
      intra-abdominal organs. There is a linear correlation between deflection of pulse
      wave and intestine blood flow in an isolated loop of intestine under low flow
      conditions. The probe has been used in two circumstances to good clinical
      advantage.

PMID- 970396
TI  - An unusual presentation for gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 970397
TI  - Fine needle cholangiography in the diagnosis of persistent jaundice. A case
      report.
AB  - The fine needle technic utilizes a sleeveless, thin, flexible needle for
      transhepatic cholangiography. This needle can enter small or normal bile ducts in
      a high percentage of patients. The value of fine needle cholangiography is
      illustrated in a patient with a stenosis of the common hepatic duct and a left
      hepatodochalduodenal fistula which eluded diagnosis by all other methods. The use
      of this technic is described as an alternative procedure to endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography when the latter is technically impossible or as an adjunct to
      intraoperative extrahepatic cholangiography.

PMID- 970399
TI  - Discussion of: "Role of statistics in national health policy decisions".

PMID- 970398
TI  - The role of statistics in national health policy decisions.

PMID- 970400
TI  - Epidemiology of cancer: current perspectives.

PMID- 970401
TI  - Discussion of: "Epidemiology of cancer: current perspectives".

PMID- 970402
TI  - Discussion of: "Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases: current perspectives".

PMID- 970403
TI  - Current advances in sampling theory: implications for human observational
      studies.

PMID- 970404
TI  - Discussion of: "Current advances in sampling theory: implications for human
      observational studies".

PMID- 970405
TI  - Discussion of: "Epidemiologic contributions to health services research".

PMID- 970406
TI  - A rapid, manual test for amylase at 52C.
AB  - A simple modification of an alpha-amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1.) procedure, using blue
      starch substrate, permits quantitative results after three minutes of incubation.
      The procedure, performed on blank, control, and unknown speciemns, takes
      advantage of the heat stability of the enzyme and provides immediate and reliable
      data for acutely ill patients. The performance characteristics of the test on
      serum and urine are described. The method is distinctly advantageous in prividing
      rapid results for serum amylase, urine amylase, and amylase clearance in patients
      with suspected pancreatitis.

PMID- 970407
TI  - Practical aspects of quality control for radioimmunoassays.
AB  - Mechanisms for the quality control of radioimmunoassays are described. They are
      useful in monitoring the possible sources of error which cause medically invalid
      results: errors in the radioimmunoassay system itself, in the test environment,
      in the instrumentation, and in the specimen quality. The application of a total
      control program permits early detection of malfunctions and can be used for the
      logical assessment of probable causes and solutions.

PMID- 970408
TI  - Automatic blood film preparation by rheologically controlled spinning.
AB  - During the past six years at the Biomedical Technical Center of Corning Glass
      Works, extensive studies on blood film preparation have resulted in a method and
      an instrument which offer the hematology laboratory better quality than that
      routinely attainable with the conventional wedge or cover-slip techniques. This
      spinning method provides the operator with a uniform blood "film" whose cell type
      distribution accurately reflects the distribution of the original liquid blood
      sample instead of a "smear." This film improves the accuracy of white blood cell
      differential counts performed manually; it also enhances the accuracy of recently
      developed machines which automatically locate and classify leukocytes.

PMID- 970409
TI  - Hematology problem.

PMID- 970410
TI  - Cognitive processes and academic achievement in EMR adolescents.
AB  - Twelve cognitive process variables were investigated as predictors of reading and
      arithmetic achievement and studied for internal structure, with 115 EMR
      adolescent subjects. Stepwise regression and factor analyses were employed to
      study prediction and structure, respectively. Memory variables were the most
      important predictors of reading. They were also involved in arithmetic but to a
      lesser extent. The data suggested that the ability to generate and utilize
      strategies facilitating the recall of unstructured material as well as the
      capacity to be sensitive to strategy-relevant structure embedded in stimuli were
      important prerequisites for the acquisition of reading skills. An oddity task,
      measuring the ability to maintain the same relational focus for successive
      applications to new stimulus material, was found to be most pertinent for
      predicting arithmetic computational skills.

PMID- 970411
TI  - Dimensions of adaptive behavior of retarded and nonretarded public-school
      children.
AB  - The AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale, Public School Revision, was administered to
      2,618 elementary-school children from 7 to 13 years of age. The sample of
      children included White, Black, and Spanish-surname groups from regular and
      special-education classes. Factor analyses of domain scores indicated four
      dimensions of adaptive behavior: Functional Autonomy, Interpersonal Adjustment,
      Social Responsibility, and Intrapersonal Adjustment. Comparison of factor
      structure across school classification and age groups revealed the same four
      dimensions for all groups. Implications for the assessment of adaptive behavior
      were discussed.

PMID- 970412
TI  - Treatment of self-injurious behavior by a combination of reinforcement for
      incompatible behavior and overcorrection.
AB  - In two related studies, a combination of reinforcement for incompatible behavior
      and positive practice overcorrection was applied to the elimination of head
      slapping and head-banging behavior exhibited, respectively, by two profoundly
      retarded boys. The design for both studies also included a period in which only
      reinforcement for incompatible behavior was applied. The results from Study 1
      indicated that, while reinforcement had little effect in reducing the frequency
      of the learner's head slapping, the combination of reinforcement and
      overcorrection had an immediate effect in significantly reducing and eventually
      eliminating that behavior. A 4-month follow-up indicated no significant
      recurrence of the behavior. In Study 2, on the other hand, both reinforcement and
      the combination of reinforcement and overcorrection resulted in a significant
      increase in the frequency of the learner's head-banging behavior. Discussion
      centered on several research questions left unanswered by the differing effects
      of the procedures applied in both studies.

PMID- 970413
TI  - Ethnicity, geographic locale, age, sex, and urban-rural residence as variables in
      the prevalence of mild retardation.
AB  - The Wechsler-Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was administered to
      950 of a stratified random sample of 1,040 children in Pima County, Arizona. The
      sample was stratified for ethnicity (Anglo, Black, Mexican-American, and Papago
      Indian), urban-rural residence, sex, and grade level. The three WISC-R IQ scores
      and cutoff points of 69 and 75 were used in comparisons of prevalence of mild
      mental retardation. This prevalence was significantly related to ethnicity and
      geographic locale. Sex, urban-rural residence, and grade level were not related
      to prevalence.

PMID- 970414
TI  - Path analysis of parents' conservatism toward sex education of their mentally
      retarded children.
AB  - The authors investigated three probable reasons why parents of mentally retarded
      children would be opposed to sex education being offered as a school subject:
      general sexual attitudes, specific sexual attitudes, and prejudices against the
      retarded child's own sexuality. A questionnnaire was given to 60 parents of
      retarded children and 62 parents of nonretarded children. A correlation analysis
      revealed evidence of all three kinds of reasons and led to a causal model of
      conservatism on sex education. A path analysis revealed that (a) sexual
      prejudices are a major obstacle to sex education, and (b) each group of parents
      represents a specific dynamic of conservatism on sex education. Means of
      pedagogical intervention to modify parents' attitudes toward sex education of
      handicapped children were discussed.

PMID- 970415
TI  - Comparison of nonretarded and mentally retarded children on a perceptual learning
      task.
AB  - The performances of 12 EMR and 12 nonretarded sixth-grade children on a
      perceptual learning task were compared to investigate the information processing
      of visually presented stimuli in individuals with different intelligence levels.
      A minicomputer flashed either familiar (lowercase) or unfamiliar letters (Gibson
      like figures) in either a stimultaneous or successive mode on a same-different
      matching task. The computer automatically calculated accuracy and latency data
      for each subject. Results showed that accuracy was superior in the nonretarded
      group and that mean latencies for the EMR group was consistently higher than
      those of the nonretarded group. However, when latencies were corrected for
      differences in basic reaction time, there were no significant differences between
      the groups in the speed of processing the information.

PMID- 970416
TI  - Effects of price manipulations on consumer behavior in sheltered workshop token
      economy.
AB  - The consumer behavior of institutionalized retarded clients in a sheltered
      workshop token economy were evaluated by changing prices in the workshop store.
      In the first experiment we found that clients displayed elasticity of demand in
      that raising the prices of frequently purchased goods reduced the frequency and
      amount spent on more expendable items. Results from the second experiment showed
      that this change in spending pattern was not due to the relative modal unit price
      of item classes. The regulation of demand for consumer goods is a potentially
      useful way to maintain economic balance and effectiveness of a token economy.

PMID- 970417
TI  - TMR children's competence in processing negation.
AB  - Previous researchers have suggested that TMR children lack the competence to
      process negation. Questions about the appropriateness of using reversible
      sentences to test comprehension and observations on TMR children's imitative
      processing of simple affirmative and negative sentences led to an experimental
      reexamination of the earlier findings. Institutionalized students ranging in age
      from 10 to 21 years with a mean IQ of 30 were asked to evaluate 16 picture pairs,
      8 each for nonreversible and reversible sentences. Nonreversible sentences, both
      positive and negative, were interpreted correctly more often than reversible
      sentences. There was a significant correlation between comprehension and mental
      age. The results were interpreted as substantiating the adverse effect of
      sentence reversibility on comprehension and as evidence for the position that
      retarded children develop basic grammatical structures including negation at a
      relatively late age, but in normal interrelationship and sequence with other
      language and cognitive abilities.

PMID- 970418
TI  - Note of an error in "Action Concept Usage by nonretarded and retarded children on
      structured tasks with praise for performance".
AB  - An error in calculation of MAs of the moderately retarded subjects in the above
      study raises significant questions about the findings that their use of action
      concepts is less than that of mildly retarded subjects of the same MA. Their
      reduced performance may instead be attributable to some unknown extent to their
      lower MA.

PMID- 970419
TI  - Dominantly inherited cystoid macular edema.
AB  - An apparently autosomal-dominant macular dystrophy occurred in three pedigrees
      with the presenting signs of typical cystoid macular edema due to leaking
      perimacular capillaries. Other striking features were retinal capillary leakage
      all over the posterior pole of the eye, whitish punctate deposits in the vitreous
      body, a normal electroretinogram, a subnormal electro-oculogram, and moderate to
      high hyperopia. In later or more advanced stages the macula developed a central
      zone of "beaten bronze" atrophy. Strabismus occurred frequently.

PMID- 970420
TI  - Fluorescein angiography with an optimized filter combination.
AB  - The transmission characteristics of a new filter combination for fluorescein
      angiography were selected on the basis of in vivo measurements of the excitation
      and emission spectra of fluorescein dye during its transit in the fundus. This
      combination of filters was characterized by separation of 530 nm between the
      spectral ranges of transmission of the excitation and barrier filters. In the
      standard filter combinations this separation is at about 495 nm. Compared to the
      standard filters, the new filters enhanced the film exposure for all sites of the
      fundus, especially for the macular area and choroidal fluorescence. There was an
      improvement in demonstration of the choroidal vasculature, especially in the
      macular area, and better visibility of retinal detail in the macular area, but a
      slight decrease in contrast of the retinal vessels outside the macular region.
      Improved visibility of the fundus for the observer and reduction of scattering in
      the ocular media of older subjects improved the overall quality of angiograms
      made with the new filters.

PMID- 970421
TI  - Acute pulmonary edema following intravenous fluorescein angiography.
AB  - A 64-year-old white man with no history of cardiac or bronchopulmonary disease
      developed acute pulmonary edema shortly after undergoing diagnostic intravenous
      fluorescein angiography. The patient responded quickly to a course of oxygen,
      positive pressure breathing, diuretics, and sedation.

PMID- 970422
TI  - The Miami cooperative community study on the Copeland intraocular lens
      (pseudophakos).
AB  - We reviewed 623 cases of Copeland iris plane implantation in an elderly
      population. Sixty-three percent of eyes achieved visual acuity of 6/12(20/40) or
      better. The incidence of significant corneal edema was low. Postoperative
      problems included cystoid macular edema, membranous-like structures, and iritis.

PMID- 970423
TI  - Intraocular penetrating of amoxicillin.
AB  - The enucleated eyes of New Zealand albino rabbits were injected with 50, 100,
      250, and 500 mg/kg of amoxicillin to determine the drug penetration into the
      aqueous humor, vitreous humor, serum, and other ocular tissues after oral
      administration. Detectable levels were achieved after each specific dose for at
      least five hours. In the aqueous humor, drug levels were present at 15 minutes,
      peaked at 1.5 and two hours, and were present at leave five hours after oral
      administration.

PMID- 970424
TI  - Experimental intravitreal gentamicin.
AB  - Rabbits received intravitreal injections of gentamicin and indirect
      ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, and histopathology determined relative
      toxicity. An intravitreal dose of 0.1 to 0.2 mg of commercially available
      gentamicin was well tolerated in the rabbit eye. A dosage of 0.4 mg or higher
      consistently produced significant ocular toxicity as evidenced by extinction of
      the electroretinogram, gross fundus changes, and histopathologic alterations.

PMID- 970425
TI  - Levodopa-stimulated growth hormone secretion and diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Since growth hormone has been implicated as a possible etiologic factor in the
      development of diabetic retinopathy, we examined growth hormone levels in two
      groups of growth-onset diabetics matched for age and duration of disease. The
      experimental group had definite proliferative diabetic retinopathy; the control
      group of growth-onset diabetics had no significant retinopathy. Basal and
      levodopa-stimulated levels of growth hormone were determined for each group.
      Growth hormone response could not be correlated with the presence or absence of
      diabetic retinopathy (P less than .05).

PMID- 970426
TI  - Spontaneous hyphema associated with ingestion of aspirin and ethanol.
AB  - Unilateral hyphema, hematuria, and ecchymoses developed in a previously healthy
      42-year-old women after the ingestion of aspirin and ethanol. There was no
      evidence for ocular trauma, disease, or vascular malformation by slit-lamp
      examination and gonioscopy. Platelet count and coagulation tests were normal. The
      patient's bleeding time was prolonged and there was impaired platelet
      aggregation. Delayed (secondary) aggregation in response to collagen, adenosine
      diphosphate, and epinephrine was decreased, as was aggregation induced by
      thrombin and serotonin. These data indicate that the qualitative platelet defect
      was induced by both aspirin and ethanol. Anterior chamber hemorrhage subsided
      after discontinuation of aspirin and ethanol, and the hyphema subsequently
      resolved. Bleeding time and platelet aggregation were normal two weeks after the
      patient's initial presentation. A prolonged bleeding time in association with
      normal platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time
      indicated a qualitative platelet defect, which is most commonly drug-induced.
      Defective platelet function resulted in spontaneous hyphema.

PMID- 970427
TI  - Automatic control of room lights.

PMID- 970428
TI  - Spontaneous cyclic segmental sphincter spasms in an Adie's tonic pupil.
AB  - A 43-year-old woman with bilateral Adie's tonic pupils had a segment of one iris
      sphincter that contracted spontaneously every few seconds, but was not influenced
      by light, near vision, or eye movements.

PMID- 970429
TI  - Management of the thumb-index web space contracture.
AB  - This paper focuses on the management of the thumb-index web space contracture, a
      contracture that can interfere significantly with hand function. The anatomy of
      the thumb-index web space and the contracture mechanism are reviewed.
      Contractures frequently result from traumatic hand injuries involving the web
      space or peripheral nerves. Exercises and splinting techniques for preventing or
      correcting these contractures are directed at achieving and maintaining maximum
      range of motion and strength of the thumb. Case reviews are reported that show
      improvements in range of motion measurements of 31 patients treated with the
      described techniques.

PMID- 970430
TI  - 3 theoretical approaches to play: applications for exceptional children.
AB  - Three theories of play are reviewed and discussed in terms of their applicability
      to exceptional children. The theories--Freud's psychodynamic, Piaget's
      developmental, and Ellis' arousal-seeking--are compared on the basis of: 1. the
      validity of their constructs, 2. their ability to account for behaviors of
      exceptional children, and 3. the likelihood that they could generate future play
      research with an exceptional population. It was concluded that the only theory
      that could hope to meet these requirements at this time was the arousal-seeking
      theory of Ellis.

PMID- 970431
TI  - Components in program development.
AB  - There has been a great deal of discussion and deliberation concerning the
      composition of program development. Nonetheless, the question still remains--what
      is program development? What are possible components in program development? In
      this paper the following components are described, differentiated, and
      integrated: Statement of Purpose, Curriculum Design, Program Competencies,
      Content, Content Competencies, and Practice Environments.

PMID- 970432
TI  - Do they have a choice?

PMID- 970433
TI  - Public health.

PMID- 970434
TI  - Political involvement.

PMID- 970435
TI  - The role of environmental ammonia in respiratory mycoplasmosis of rats.
AB  - Young adult, pathogen-free rats of Sherman and Fischer (F344) substrains were
      inoculated intranasally with 10(8) colony-forming units (GFU) of M. pulmonis and
      housed for 4 to 6 weeks in environments with ammonia maintained at specific
      concentrations from 25 to 250 ppm. All levels of NH3--whether produced naturally
      from soiled bedding or derived from a purified source--significantly increased
      the severity of the rhinitis, otitis media, tracheitis, and pneumonia (including
      bronchiectasis) characteristic of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM). The
      prevalence of pneumonia, but not that of other respiratory lesions of MRM, showed
      a strong tendency to increase directly with environmental NH3 concentration. In
      contrast, NH3 exposure of rats not infected with M. pulmonis caused anatomic
      lesions that were unlike those of MRM and were limited to the nasal passages. It
      was concluded that environmental NH3, at concentrations commonly encountered in
      present day cage environments for rats, plays an important role in pathogenesis
      of MRM.

PMID- 970436
TI  - The pathology of viral hepatitis types A and B in chimpanzees. A comparison.
AB  - The histologic manifestations in the livers of chimpanzees inoculated with
      hepatitis A and B virus were compared with each other and correlated with
      biochemical, serologic, and virologic observations. Both types of hepatitis
      reveal alterations similar to those seen in human hepatitis, but the lesions-
      particularly the hepatocellular necrosis--are far milder. Hepatitis Type A in
      chimpanzees is a disease of short incubation period and duration. The hepatocytic
      alterations are mainly restricted to the periportal areas, and the parenchymal
      changes are less severe than the portal inflammation. The lesions correlated well
      with biochemical changes, the presence of virus in the liver, and its shedding in
      the stool. In contrast, experimental Type B hepatitis has a long incubation
      period and longer duration, involves the entire lobular parenchyma, and is, if
      anything, more severe in the lobular centers while portal inflammation is less
      conspicuous. Biochemical alterations and presence of virus in the liver correlate
      with these lesions, and the antibody response is similar to that seen in man. The
      chimpanzee is a useful model for studying the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis;
      additional study of serial morphologic events may contribute to our understanding
      of the clinical differences between hepatitis Type A and Type B.

PMID- 970437
TI  - Isolation of myotoxic component from rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis)
      venom. Electron microscopic analysis of muscle damage.
AB  - The pathogenesis of myonecrosis induced by a purified component of rattlesnake
      (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom was studied at the light and electron
      microscopic levels. Crude venom was fractionated by gel filtration (Sephadex G
      50) followed by cation exchange chromatography (Sephadex C-25). Electrophoretic
      homogeneity of the isolated myotoxin (Fraction II from C-25 column) was
      demonstrated in isoelectric focusing and disc gel polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. White mice were injected intramuscularly with 1.5 mug/g of the
      purified protein in 0.1 ml of physiologic saline. Light microscopic examination
      of injected muscle revealed a series of degenerative events including partial
      vacuolation of muscle cells at 6, 12, and 24 hours and complete vacuolation and
      loss of striations at 48 and 72 hours. Hemorrhage was not observed. At the
      electron microscopic level the perinuclear space and sarcoplasmic reticulum were
      dilated in all samples. By 48 and 72 hours the myofibrils lacked striations and
      the sarcomeres were disorganized. Plasma membranes and T tubules remained intact
      in all samples. These results correlated well with the myonecrosis induced by
      crude Crotalus viridis viridis venom except for several important aspects. The
      pure component altered skeletal muscle cells specifically, with the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum being the primary site of action.

PMID- 970438
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on experimentally produced melanin pigmentation of
      the corneal epithelium.
AB  - Melanin pigmentation of the corneal epithelium was induced in pigmented guinea
      pigs by the topical application of colchicine to their eyes or by corneal
      cauterization with silver nitrate. With colchicine the pigmentation was preceded
      by the development of an abnormal corneal epithelium in which numerous cells
      became arrested in cell division. The corneal melanosis resulted largely from the
      migration of melanocytes into the corneal epithelium from the normally pigmented
      contiguous conjunctiva and to a lesser extent from the presence of melanin
      granules within corneal epithelial cells. In both models a leukocytic and
      vascular invasion of the cornea proceded and accompanied the migration of
      melanocytes into the corneal epithelium. Electron microscopy disclosed cells with
      the same morphology as conjunctival melanocytes between the epithelial cells of
      the cornea. Mature melanin granules were also present within some squamous
      epithelial cells as individual granules or as clusters. The ultrastructural
      findings are viewed in relation to how melanin granules are transferred from
      melanocytes to epithelial cells. Evidence is presented which suggests that
      malanin granule transfer may follow the fusion of the membranes of the
      melanocytes and epithelial cells.

PMID- 970439
TI  - Goiter formation following prostaglandin administration in rats.
AB  - Prostaglandins (PGE1 and PGE2) induced a hyperplastic microfollicular goiter with
      a high radioiodine (131I) thyroid uptake, increased endocytosis, a heavy
      autoradiographic (125I) reaction, and a moderate increase of thyroid hormones
      (T4, T3), thyroxine-binding globulin (TGB), and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations
      in adult rats. Ultrastructurally, both prostaglandins (E1 and E2) markedly
      stimulated the thyroid cell activity and increased the number of pseudopodia, the
      size of colloid and dense granule populations, and the number of polysomes.
      Conversely, a hypofunction of thyroid glands with low radioiodine (131I) thyroid
      uptake, a decreased autoradiographic (125I) reaction, and a moderate decrease in
      T4, T3, TGB, and TSH concentrations were observed following prostaglandin F
      2alpha. Ultrastructurally, a decrease in size of the colloid and dense granule
      population and the number of degenerative mitochondria occurred infollicular
      cells. An intense hyperplasia of parafollicular (C) cells, with abundant
      population of characteristic dense granules, could be seen in PGF 2alpha-treated
      rats. A marked decrease of radioiodine (131I) uptake, endocytosis, and
      autoradiographic (125I) reaction and a sharp decline in T4, T3, and TBG were
      observed in hypophysectomized and chronically prostaglandin-treated rats. Light
      and electron microscopy revealed signs of an advanced thyroid hypofunction with
      flat cuboidal cells, reduced microvilli, scarce endoplasmic reticulum, and few
      dense droplets. The present findings demonstrate that the chronic administration
      of prostaglandins exerts significant effects of thyroid gland and goiter
      formation (goitrogenesis), radioiodine metabolism, and hormone synthesis, and
      that these effects are mediated by TSH secretion.

PMID- 970440
TI  - Animal model of human disease: Niemann-Pick Disease type C.

PMID- 970441
TI  - Animal model of human disease: Muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 970442
TI  - Reticular cell hyperplasia and amyloidosis in a line of mice with low leukocyte
      counts.
AB  - Two pathologic conditions, reticular cell hyperplasia and amyloidosis, were
      studied in a strain of mice selectively bred for low leukocyte counts (LLC). At
      the age of 3 to 6 months, 70% of the mice developed reticular cell hyperplasia in
      the inguinea lymph nodes, and at 11 to 18 months, about 100% of them developed
      amyloidosis in the spleen and in the kidney, liver, and adrenal glands.
      Immunofluorescence was revealed in the glomeruli, interstitium of the tubules,
      and the amyloid skeleton of the papilla when the kidney sections were incubated
      with fluorescein-labeled antimouse immunoglobulins. Both intracellular and
      extracellular amyloid fibrils were found in the liver, spleen, and kidney
      sections by electron microscopy. Distended rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
      cisternae and hypertrophy of RER with or without the simultaneous presence of
      amyloid fibrils in the reticular cells of the spleen and Kupffer cells of the
      liver were observed. In this light, we believe that the pathologic conditions are
      manifestations of immunologic events that are characteristic of the LLC mice with
      immune deficiency or abnormality in the immune system. We conclude that the
      origin of amyloid protein is at the RER. We discuss processes of amyloid fibril
      formation and some genetic aspects of amyloid development.

PMID- 970443
TI  - Histopathology of spontaneous regression in virus-induced murine leukemia.
AB  - The histopathology of the spontaneous regression of murine leukemia induced by a
      particular strain of Friend leukemia virus was studied in Swiss ICR/Ha mice.
      Animals inoculated with the regressing strain of Friend virus exhibited an
      initial pathologic response identical to that induced by conventional strains of
      Friend virus. Unlike the fatal leukemia produced by conventional Friend virus,
      the pathology of the disease induced by the regressing strain of Friend virus
      appeared to be self-limiting. The histopathology of the two diseases is compared
      in this report.

PMID- 970444
TI  - Striated membranous structures in human hearts. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - Straited membranous structures (SMS), which consisted of sheets or ribbons of 130
      to 220 A in thickness, showed variable patterns of periodic substructure, and
      resembled SMS described in renal and ocular tissues in various diseases, were
      found in extracellular locations in a) mitral valve (2 patients) and tricuspid
      valve (1 patient) of 2 patients with mitral valvular prolapse, b) mitral valve
      and femoral artery of 1 patient with Marfan's syndrome and prolapsed mitral
      valve, and c) myocardium (2 patients) and thickened endocardium (3 patients) of 3
      patients with congenital heart disease associated with muscular obstruction to
      right ventricular outflow. Striated membranous structures measured up to several
      microns in diameter, often were highly folded and convoluted, and sometimes
      appeared circular in outline. Some SMS measured from 130 to 150 A in thickness
      and had indistinct edges and poorly defined periodicity. The majority of SMS,
      however, had greater thicknesses, in the range of 200 A, and a periodicity
      characterized by alternating light and dark bands with a spacing that varied from
      100 to 160 A. The structures were associated with thickened basement membranes,
      elastic fibers, and membrane-bound bodies of the type thought to be involved in
      elastogenesis. Evidence available suggests that SMS results from an unusual
      pattern of arrangement of a component, possibly Type IV collagen, of basement
      membrane material.

PMID- 970445
TI  - The morphologic similarities of human and canine globoid leukodystrophy. Thin
      section and freeze-fracture studies.
AB  - Human and canine globoid leukodystrophy are shown to be indistinguishable
      morphologically. Both have characteristic deposits with polygonal cross-sectional
      profiles in addition to twisted ribbon-like structures. The specificity of the
      deposits is emphasized, and their laminated nature is corroborated by the freeze
      fracture studies. Their apparently hollow profiles in cross section are thought
      to be produced by the tight arrangement of the bilayers that prevent penetration
      of the stain.

PMID- 970446
TI  - Basic pharmaceutics: who needs it in clinical practice? Relationship of the
      graduate pharmaceutics curriculum to clinical research and service.

PMID- 970447
TI  - Effect of dehydration on stimulation of ADH release by heterologous renin
      infusions in conscious dogs.
AB  - Unanesthetized dogs were infused with heterologous (hog) renin at 0.33 Goldblatt
      U/kg per h for 2 h, once normally hydrated and once after 48 h of dehydration.
      Dehydration increased the average plasma osmolality from 306 to 322 mosmol/kg,
      the plasma renin activity (PRA) from 0.5 to 1.4 ng/ml per h, and the plasma
      antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration from 1.7 to 3.7 muU/ml, although the
      latter was not statistically significant. Renin infusion resulted in
      approximately the same average PRA, about 10 ng/ml per h, in both states of
      hydration. Mean arterial blood pressure increased during renin infusion in both
      states of hydration, although the increase was greater when the dogs were
      normally hydrated. There was no apparent effect of renin infusion on plasma ADH
      concentration when the dogs were normally hydrated, but in the dehydrated state
      renin infusion was accompanied by an increase from 3.7 to 6.3 muU/ml in plasma
      ADH concentrations after 80 min of infusion. There were no apparent changes in
      plasma osmolality or sodium or potassium concentrations due to the renin
      infusions; however, plasma osmolality and potassium concentration decreased
      during the course of the experiment. The results suggest a possible role for the
      renin-angiotensin system of renin released by the kidney in the control of ADH
      during dehydration. The metabolic clearance rate of the hog renin was 37 ml/min
      kg.

PMID- 970448
TI  - Canine gut receptors mediating pancreatic responses to luminal L-amino acids.
AB  - Pancreatic protein and bicarbonate outputs were measured in dogs with pancreatic
      fistulas receiving intravenous secretin while individual L-amino acids or
      mixtures of L-amino acids were perfused into proximal intestine, Both
      phenylalanine and tryptophan were potent stimuli of pancreatic secretion;
      alanine, leucine, and valine increased protein outputs but their effects were
      small and not statistically significant. Six other amino acids were ineffective.
      Tryptophan perfused together with phenylalanine augmented responses to
      phenylalanine; methionine, ineffective when perfused alone, did not alter
      responses to phenylalanine when perfused with the latter. Responses to
      phenylalanine perfused at concentrations above 8 mM were dependent on load and
      were mediated by lengths of proximal bowel greater than 10 cm.

PMID- 970449
TI  - Canine pancreatic response to intestinally perfused oligopeptides.
AB  - Although older work indicated that luminal peptides are stimulants of pancreatic
      secretion, these earlier experiments were performed with crude peptide mixtures
      containing amino acids that are also known stimulants. Furthermore, no
      information was provided about size or composition of stimulating peptides. For
      this reason, the problem was reinvestigated with commercially synthesized
      oligopeptides in dogs equipped with chronic gastric and pancreatic fistulas.
      Synthetic peptides at 30 mM concentrations were perfused into the proximal bowel
      when luminal pancreatic proteases were reduced to undetectable concentrations and
      dogs were receiving intravenous exogenous secretin infusions. Increases in
      pancreatic outputs of protein and bicarbonate were measured. Of the peptides
      tested, only glycylphenylalanine, glycyltryptophan, and phenylalanylglycine
      stimulated, whereas both di- and triglycine were without effect. It was concluded
      that some, but not all, oligopeptides in the gut lumen are stimulants of
      pancreatic secretion.

PMID- 970450
TI  - Canine pancreatic responses to intestinally perfused proteins and protein
      digests.
AB  - Pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretory responses to intestinally perfused
      proteins or digests of proteins were measured in dogs with chronic gastric and
      pancreatic fistulas when luminalpancreatic protease concentrations were reduced
      to undetectable levels. Protein digests were analyzed for amino acid content, and
      various other indirect met-ods were used to assess the composition of the digest
      mixtures. Of five undigested proteins, none evoked more pancreatic secretion than
      a control perfusion with saline. Peptic digestion of these same proteins
      converted four of them to polypeptides that were poten stimuli of a pancreatic
      juice similar in HCO3-/protein ratios to that evoked by luminal amino acids.
      Dialyzed peptic digests of one of the proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA),
      retained potency. Likewise, digestion of BSA with endogenous or exogenous
      pancreatic proteases converted the protein to a stimulus about equipotent with
      the peptic digest, though the composition of the pancreatic digests differed
      markedly from that of the peptic digests. We conclude that a) luminal peptides of
      four or more amino acids can stimulate the pancreas and b) during protein
      alimentation a wide array of luminal protein products may evoke pancreatic
      secretion.

PMID- 970451
TI  - Adrenergic receptors mediating depolarization in brown adipose tissue.
AB  - Adrenergic receptors mediating depolarization in in vitro neonatal rat brown
      adipose tissue (BAT) have been characterized by use of adrenergic agonists and
      antagonists. Releasable endogenous catecholamine was present in BAT as
      demonstrated by tyramine- and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide- (DMPP)
      induced depolarization in BAT from normal rats and its absence when BAT from
      reserpinized rats was used. In BAT from reserpinized rats l-norepinephrine, l
      phenylephrine, and l-isoproterenol all similarly depolarized the bronw adipocytes
      over the concentration range of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M with a maximal depolarization
      of about 25 mV. Dopamine and d-norepinephrine were more than 100 times less
      potent. The beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol competitively inhibited
      isoproterenol-induced depolarization, whereas the alpha-adrenergic blackers,
      phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine, inhibited the phenylephrine-induced
      depolarization with much smaller inhibitory effects on the isoproterenol-induced
      depolarization. Both phenylephrine and isoproterenol elicited transient
      depolarizations when briefly added to the bathing medium while continuously
      recording from the same cell. Both the agonist and antagonist studies are
      interpreted as indicating the presence of both alpha- and beta-adrenergic
      receptors on BAT cells which mediate catecholamine-induced depolarization.

PMID- 970452
TI  - Mechanisms of temperature regulation in heat-acclimated hamsters.
AB  - Mechanisms of temperature regulation were assessed by measurements of oxygen
      consumption (VO2), body temperature (Rre = rectal, Tsk = skin), evaporative water
      loss (EWL), regional distribution of blood flow, and blood volume. Hamsters
      (Mesocricetus auratus) were acclimated to ambient temperatures of 34 or 22
      degrees C. VO2 of 34 degrees C-exposed animals was reduced to 50% of that of
      controls at 22 degrees C, whereas EWL with heat exposure was almost double that
      of controls. Heat-acclimated animals had a slightly elevated Tre in comparison to
      22 degrees C-acclimated animals, whereas there was a marked elevation in Tsk with
      heat exposure, in contrast to control animals at 22 degrees C. Blood flow
      distribution measurements indicated that with 34 degrees C exposure there was a
      decreased flow in liver, kidney, and intestine, whereas there was an increase to
      the carcass. Red cell and plasma volumes in heat-acclimated hamsters were
      decreased belwo the values of the 22 degrees C controls. Heat acclimation of the
      fhamster appears to involve reduced VO2 and increased WEL. Convective and
      radiative heat loss appear to be maintained by increased Tsk with heat exposure.
      Nonevaporative heat dissipation mechanisms are of primary importance in
      thermoregulation of the heat-acclimated hamster, and it is suggested that this is
      mediated by increased peripheral blood flow with reduced flow to the viscera.

PMID- 970453
TI  - Inhibition of proximal tubular hydrolysis and reabsorption of bradykinin by
      peptides.
AB  - [3H] bradykinin ([3H] BKN) was microinfused alone or in the presence of a 390- or
      780-fold excess of BKN or angiotensin I (AI) into proximal tubules in Inactin
      anesthetized rats. Urinary excretion of 3H-labeled material was measured, and
      intact peptide and its metabolites were identified and quantified. When [3H] BKN
      was administered with BKN or AI, urinary recovery of 3H-labeled material was
      increased in a manner directly proportional to tubular length, suggesting that
      reabsorption of [3H] BKN is related to extent of tubular contact. BKN and AI were
      equally effective in inhibiting the reabosroption of [3H] BKN and its metabolites
      from proximal tubular fluid. In contrast, BKN but not AI effectively inhibited
      the enzymatic hydrolysis of [3H] BKN in the proximal tubule, The data suggest
      that the proximal tubular mechanism for reabsorbing BKN and its metabolites is of
      high capacity but not high specificity and that the mechanisms for enzymatic
      cleavage and reabsorption of BKN and its metabolites may had different
      specificites and capacities.

PMID- 970454
TI  - Glucose and bicarbonate reabsorption in edematous dogs.
AB  - Glucose and bicarbonate reabsorption were studied in dogs made edematour by
      aortocaval fistula (A-V dogs) and in sham-operated dogs. Following construction
      of the A-V fistula, there was a significant increase in body weight; glomerular
      filtration rate, renal plasma flow, hematocrit, and sodium excretion decreased
      significantly. Bicarbonate reabosorption was significantly higher in A-V than in
      sham dogs both during control and volume expansion. Volume expansion depressed
      bicarbonate reabsorption significantly in both groups. Glucose reabsorption fell
      following volume expansion in both groups; glucose reabsorption was significantly
      higher in A-V dogs than in sham dogs during control and volume expansion. Volume
      expansion led to a minimal increase in sodium excretion in A-V dogs when compared
      to the increase in the sham dogs. These data demonsttate that chronic sodium
      retention is associated with enhanced reabsorption of glucose and bicarbonate.
      The site in the neophron responsible for the increase in reabsorption of these
      substances cannot be determined with certainty based on these clearance studies
      although it is possible that proximal reabsorption may be enhanced in this model.

PMID- 970455
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on ovine maternal placental blood flow.
AB  - The effect of PGE2 on regional blood flows in the chronically catheterized near
      term pregnant sheep was investigated using radioactive microspheres. The
      injection of 20 mug PGE2 per kilogram into the left ventricle of eight sheep
      resulted in no change in maternal brain and noncotyledonary uterine flow. The
      renal blood flow increased from 692 to 892 ml/min (P less than 0.004). The
      uterine blood flow decreased from 673 to 317 ml/min (P less than 0.001). The
      trium was bypassed by injecting 7 mug PGE2 per kilogram of sheep into a fetal
      venous catheter and permitting it to reach the placental vasculature after
      placental transfer. Eleven sets of observations were made in eight animals. We
      observed no change in the intrauterine pressure, maternal brain flow, and
      noncotyledonary uterine blood flow secondary to this procedure. The maternal
      renal blood flow changed from 592 to 669 ml/min (P less than 0.007). The uterine
      blood flow increased from 762 to 853 ml/min (P less than 0.02). The uterine
      vascular resistance decreased from 0.124 to 0.115 mmHg x min/ml (P less than
      0.04). It was concluded that 1) PGE3 crosses the placenta quite readily, and 2)
      PGE3 causes dilatation of the maternal placental vascular bed.

PMID- 970456
TI  - D-Glucose enhancement of water reabsorption in proximal tubule of the rat kidney.
AB  - Water reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat kidney was
      examined by in vivo microperfusion techniques in order to examine the effect of D
      glucose within the tubular lumen. When tubules were perfused with a balanced
      artificial solution containing Na, K, Cl, HCO3, urea, and D-glucose, absolute
      reabsorption averaged 4.01 +/- 0.24 nl/min per mm. Addition of D-glucose to the
      NaCl perfusate enhanced water reabsorption to values similar to those obtained
      with the balanced artificial perfusate. The enhanced water reabsorption
      consequent to the addition of D-glucose to the NaCl perfusion solution was
      completely inhibited by addition of phloridzin to the perfusate. The addition of
      an unabsorbed hexose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, to the NaCl perfusate failed to enhance
      water reabsorption, whereas the addition of an incompletely reabsorbed sugar that
      is not metabolized, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, resulted in partial enhancement of
      theabsolute rate of water reabsorption. These studies demonstrate that D-glucose
      has the specific effect of augmenting water reabsorption in the proximal tubule
      of the rat kidney.

PMID- 970457
TI  - Cat heart acetylcholine: structural proof and distribution.
AB  - The distribution of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cat heart was investigated by a
      pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PGC) method. The hearts were dissected into various
      regions and homogenized in acetonitrile in the presence of propionylcholine,
      internal standard. Following extraction with toluene and hexane, the choline
      esters were precipitated as the enneaiodide complex. The isolated choline esters
      were analyzed by PGC, and the peak corresponding to ACh was quantified. The
      compound extracted from heart tissue that eluted with the retention time of
      authentic ACh was identified by mass spectrometry as dimethylaminoethylacetate,
      the pyrolysis product of ACh. ACh concentrations were found to be higher in the
      atria than the ventricles. In both the atria and the ventricles, a higher content
      of ACh was found in the right than the left portions: right ventricle, 5.0
      compared to left ventricle, 2.0 nmol/g; and right atrium, 16.8 compared to left
      atrium, 11.3 nmol/g. Some cats were subjected to a bilateral cervical vagotomy 3
      wk before removal and analysis of heart tissue. Hearts from vagotomized cats
      contained less ACh than controls in the right ventricle (-31%), right atrium (
      54%), SA node (-42%), and papillary muscle (-53%), but no decreases were found in
      the left ventricle, left atrium, or interventricular septum.

PMID- 970458
TI  - Ascending pressor and depressor pathways in the cat spinal cord.
AB  - Blood pressure responses to stimulation of the cervical dorsolateral sulcus (DLS)
      of the spinal cord and lumbar dorsal roots were studied in anesthetized,
      vagotomized, and paralyzed cats. Stimulation of the lumbar dorsal roots elicited
      pressor responses with high-frequency stimulation (50 Hz, 10 V, 1 ms) and
      depressor responses with low-grequency stimulation (1 Hz, 10 V, 1 ms). Pressor
      responses were converted to depressor responses after bilateral lesions were made
      in the DLS area rostral to the site of stimulation. These results suggest that
      the ascending spinal pressor pathways are localized in the DLS region.
      Furthermore, these depressor responses were abolished by placing additional
      bilateral lesions in the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) rostral to the site of
      stimulation. These data indicate the presence of ascending depressor pathways in
      the DLF which are anatomically separate from pressor pathways. Both pathways were
      found to be bilateral systems, and decussation of fibers appears to be complete
      within three segments rostral to their entry into the spinal cord. Ascending
      depressor pathways have a low optimal frequency of activation, as opposed to the
      ascending pressor pathways which have a relatively high optimal frequency of
      activation. Neurophysiological evidence obtained by recording unit activity from
      the cervical sympathetic trunk confirmed the localization of the ascending
      pressor and depressor pathways.

PMID- 970459
TI  - Effect of histamine on intestinal fluid secretion in the dog.
AB  - Intra-arterial infusion of histamine into the small intestine caused about a
      onefold increase of blood flow, edema of the intestinal tissues and mesentery,
      and produced a copious secretion of fluid. The jejunal secretions had an ionic
      composition similar to that of plasma, whereas ileal secretions contained high
      concentrations of HCO3 with relative low concentrations of Cl. The secretions
      contained protein (1.5 +/- .2 g/100 ml, range 0.5-2.4) with a similar
      electrophoretic pattern of plasma protein. When lissamine green was present in
      the blood, it also appeared in the secretion to a considerable concentration. It
      is inferred from these findings that a major mechanism of fluid secretion by the
      action of histamine involves a filtration process across the mucosal epithelium
      by the incrreased tissue fluid pressure due to extensive capillary leak.

PMID- 970460
TI  - Changes in CNS responsiveness during hibernation.
AB  - The ability of the midbrain reticular formation (MRF) to produce thermogenic
      responses and to trigger arousal from hibernation was tested during successive
      quarters of individual hibernation bouts. Golden-mantled ground squirrels
      (Citellus lateralis) were implanted with bilateral cannula guides into the MRF.
      Single, bilateral, 1-mul injections of acetylcholine (ACh) at concentrations of
      50, 100, or 200 mug/mul were delivered in each quarter of the same bout or in
      selected quarters of different bouts. The results show that the magnitude of
      thermogenic responses evoked by ACh stimulation of the MRF was depressed during
      the early portion of the bout and increased as time in the bout elapsed.
      Furthermore, the magnitude of responses evoked during hibernation was depressed
      in comparison to those evoked during euthermia, indicating the influence of
      inhibition on the responsiveness of the CNS during hibernation. We suggest that
      during hibernation, a progressive change in responsiveness of the CNS, perhpas
      focused in the MRF, controls the duration of each hibernation bout.

PMID- 970461
TI  - Correlation of plasma corticosterone levels with running activity in the blinded
      rat.
AB  - Blinded female reats were placed in running-wheel cages to monitor the phase of
      their activity cycle. After approximately a month of adaptation to the wheels,
      jugular vein blood samples were withdrawn at the beginning and end of the running
      phase of activity and analyzed for plasma corticosterone. By the time blood
      samples were obtained, the blined rats' activity cycles had desynchronized from
      the lighting cycle of the room in an apparently free-running fashion, and were
      out of phase with each other. The corticosterone levels were high at the
      beginning of the running phase and low at the end: begin run corticosterone was
      34.5 +/- 13, end run corticosteronewas 14.2 +/- 10 (mean +/-SD in mug/100 ml of
      plasma; t = 7.93, df = 82, P less than 0.001). It was concluded that blinded rats
      do have an adrenocortical rhythm and that it is in phase with the activity cycle
      of each individual rat.

PMID- 970462
TI  - Early postglomerular plasma concentrations of chloride, sodium, and inulin in the
      rat kidney.
AB  - Sodium, chloride, and inulin concentrations were measured in plasma collected
      from the terminal portions of long efferent vessels at the subcapsular surface of
      the rat kidney. Sodium concentration equaled and the concentrations of chloride
      and inulin were less than those in peripheral plasma. During benzolamide
      infusion, chloride concentration equaled while inulin concentration remained less
      than in peripheral plasma. In free-flow micropuncture samples collected randomly
      during control conditions, chloride concentration rose rapidly in the early
      proximal tubule and then remained elevated and constant throughout the remainder
      of the proximal tubule accessible to micropuncture. These experiments indicate
      that normally tubular reabsorbate low in chloride and inulin is added to the
      blood traversing the early postglomerular vessels before reaching the kidney
      surface. Bases on the analyses of proximal tubular fluid, this type of
      reabsorbate appears available only from the early proximal tubular segment. We
      conclude that a close functional relationship exists between the first segment of
      the proximal tubule and the early postglomerular blood supply characteristic of
      the superficial cortical nephron.

PMID- 970463
TI  - Development of the renal response to blood volume expansion in normal and fast
      growing rats.
AB  - Male rats from reduced (fast-growing) litters between 14 and 50 days of age were
      studied. Standard renal clearnce techniques were employed. After a 60-min control
      period, the animals were infused (2.3% body wt) with heparinized donor blood
      obtained from lillermates of the same age. Renal function was followed for an
      additional 60 min. The efficiency of the diuretic response, the percent infused
      volume excreted above control levels, and the sodium efficiency, the percent
      infused Na excreted, were calculated. Results indicate that both efficiencies
      develop in a discontinuous pattern and that they are comparable. This pattern of
      development, as well as the magnitude of the mature response, is comparable to
      that previously reported for rats from intact (normally growing) litters. The
      onset and attainment of the mature response is, however, shifted in time, such
      that reduced-litter animals achieve the mature response 10-15 days earlier than
      intact-litter rats. Results exclude chronological age or body weight alone as
      principal determinant of the mature response and suggest that some function of
      growth rate is responsible for the maturation of this regulatory function.

PMID- 970464
TI  - Effect of rapid temperature change on mean body temperature and gill ventilation
      in carp.
AB  - Carp were transferred from 25 degrees C water to a calorimeter at 15 degrees C or
      from 15 degrees C water to a calorimeter at 25 degrees C. During cooling, dorsal
      muscle temperature (Tdm) and mean body temperature (Tb) were continuously
      monitored. During the first minutes Tb changed rapidly, while Tdm changed only
      slightly. In a 0.468-dg fish, Tdm decreased to two-thirds of the final value in
      8.05 min, while Tb attained this value in 3.6 min. Tdm changed faster during
      heating than during cooling. Carp were also placed in a device where gill
      ventilation (VG) could be continuously monitored while rapid shifts in the
      temperature of the inspired water (TPINSP) AND/OR BODY SURFACE (Tbs) were
      effected. Changing Tinsp and Tbs both effected rate-sensitive changes in VG,
      although Tinsp was more effective. Decreases in Tinsp or Tbs produced decreases
      in VG; increases in Tinsp or Tbs had an opposite effect. The fish respiratory
      system is sensitive to the rate of change of external temperature. This
      sensitivity provides evidence for the existence of peripheral thermal input to
      the systems regulating respiration in teleost fish.

PMID- 970465
TI  - Sex and estrogens in protection against circulatory stress reactions.
AB  - From Wistar rats, data are presented which indicate that inbred females a) have a
      greater ability to clear particulate matter from the blood stream than do males
      of the same strain; b) are significantly more resistant to two different forms of
      lethal circulatory stress (e.g., intestinal ischemia and whole-body trauma) than
      are males; and c) exhibit a greater resistance to undergo reticuloendothelial
      system (RES) phagocytic depression after both forms of lethal trauma than do
      males. Estradiol treatment of males, using either acute, massive (1 or 10 mg/kg)
      or multiple, low dose (10 or 100 mug/kg) regimens, confers trauma resistance on
      such animals. Such estradiol treated male rats exhibit hyperactive RES's. These
      estradiol-treated males, when subjected to either lethal ischemia or trauma, fail
      to demonstrate the early RES phagocytic depression seen in untreated controls.
      Untreated female as well as estradiol-treated male rats exhibit significantly
      higher arterial blood pressures post-trauma than do untreated male rats. Direct
      microscopic observation of rat mesenteries indicr whole-b0dy trauma, the
      untreated females as well as the estradiol-treated males exhibit significantly
      less dilatation of microscopic capacitance vessels (i.e., venules) than do
      untreated male rats. The data reported herein could be used to suggest that
      estrogenic hormones may play pivotal roles in a) the amelioration of an
      organism's reaction to systemic stress; and b) control of macrophage and
      peripheral vascular functions.

PMID- 970466
TI  - Osmoltye and tryptophan receptors controlling gastric emptying in the dog.
AB  - The effect of three monosaccharides, three disaccharides, two dipeptides,
      combinations of tryptophan with two hexoses, one hexitol, and two amino acids
      ongastric emptying was studied in dogs to further define the samll intestinal
      receptors responsive to osmolytes and tryptophan. On a molar basis the
      disacchardies and dipeptides were almost twice as potent as their respective
      constituent monosaccharides or amino acids implying that the osmoreceptor is deep
      to the brush border disaccharidases and cytosol dipeptidases. Tryptophan probably
      acts by a mechanism different from the osmoreceptor since slowing of gastric
      emptying by tryptophan was inhibited by methionine which has no effect on a
      stimulant of the osmoreceptor mechanism. Lysine unlike methionine does not share
      the neutral amino acid transport pathway with tryptophan. Lysine did not change
      the inhibitory effect of tryptophan on gastric emptying. This imples that
      transport of tryptophan into the intestinal cell is necessary for its slowing
      effect. Glucose and galactose also inhibited the tryptophan effect whereas a
      nonabsorbed hexitor, mannitol, was without effect. Interference by the hexoses
      was also probably by competition with tryptophan for transport into the cell.
      These studies further indicate that the tryptophan receptor is different from the
      osmoreceptor.

PMID- 970467
TI  - Pathways regulating cardiovascular changes during volume loading in awake dogs.
AB  - The role played by the cardiac sympathetic nerves and arterial baroreceptors in
      the cardiovascular responses to acute volume loading was studied in conscious
      dogs. In 15 normally innervated animals, mean arterial pressure rose 10 mmHg,
      heart rate increased 38 beats/min and cardiac output 1,696 ml/min, while
      peripheral resistance decreased 0.99 PRU. Neither bilateral baroreceptor
      denervation, dorsal root sections (T1-T5) or surgical interruption of the left
      ansa subclavia altered the above responses to acute volume loading. Bilateral
      section of the ansa subclavia (total cardiac sympathectomy) significantly reduced
      the heart rate response from 35 +/- 5 to 20 +/- 5 beats/min but did not alter
      other changes. A similar reduction in heart rate response was observed following
      selective section of the right ansa subclavia. Intravenous infusions of
      epinephrine augmented the heart rate response in both normally innervated and
      cardiac sympathectomized dogs. It is suggested that although the primary efferent
      pathway for the reflex trachycardia is via the vagus, responses are modulated by
      sympathetic neural activity. Additionally, the nervous system was not shown to
      play a measureable role in the observed peripheral resistance changes.

PMID- 970468
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase and uptake of chylomicron triglyceride by skeletal muscle of
      rats.
AB  - Uptake of chylomicron triglyceride and lipoprotein lipase was studied in red and
      white skeletal muscles, heart, and adipose tissue of rats. Retention of
      triglyceride fatty acids 10 min after injection was 1.6%/g in heart and adipose
      tissue, 0.2-0.4%/g in red (soleus and diaphragm) muscles, and 0.1%/g in white
      (psoas minor) muscles of fed rats. Fasting (24 h) increased retention two- to
      fourfold in red skeletal muscles and heart, had no effect in white muscles, and
      decreased retention greater than 75% in adipose tissue. Lipoprotein lipase
      activity in fed rats was lowest in white muscles and in certain red (posterior
      belly of digastric and medial head of triceps brachii) musclws, intermediate in
      soleus and diaphragm muscles and adipose tissue, and highest in heart. Fasting
      doubled lipoprotein lipase activity in all red skeletal muscles and heart, had no
      effect in white muscles, and decreased activity 60% in adipose tissue. The
      findings indicate that triglyceride uptake is related to lipoprotein lipase
      activity in skeletal muscle and the changes in enzyme activity during fasting
      divert blood triglyceride to red skeletal muscles.

PMID- 970469
TI  - Duodenal and ileal adaptation to dietary calcium restriction: in vivo studies in
      the rat.
AB  - Intestinal adaptation by the growing rat to a low-calcium diet was studied by in
      situ perfusion of duodenum and ileum in vivo. Rats were fed diets containing
      either 1.2 or 0.02% Ca for 17-24 days. To study plasma-to-lumen flux and net
      calcium absorption, rats were loaded parenterally with 45Ca and perfused
      intraluminally with 3.4 mM calcium. Calcium restriction caused net absorption in
      ileum to increase fourfold, in duodenum almost twofold. With calcium restriction,
      plasma-to-lumen flux decreased in duodenum but not in ileum and was small
      relative to absorption. However, net calcium secretion, when measured in a
      separate set of animals by intraluminal perfusion of NaCl, decreased in ileum but
      not in duodenum in response to calcium restriction. The magnitude of adaptation
      is greater in ileum than duodenum and is largely the result of increased lumen-to
      plasma flux. The distal small intestine is probably crucial for calcium
      homeostasis in dietary calcium deficiency.

PMID- 970470
TI  - Renal gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in shock.
AB  - The roles of renal gluconeogenesis and glucose utilization in control,
      hemorrhaged, and endotoxin-injected animals were investigated using anesthetized,
      eviscerated, nonnephrectomized and nephrectomized dogs. Results demonstrate an
      increased glucose utilization in both hemorrhagic and endotoxic shock which was
      marked after endotoxin. Since blood glucose values dropped more in
      nephrectomized, hemorrhaged animals, in contrast to the nonnephrectomized,
      hemorrhaged dogs, the kidneys were assumed to perform a significant gluconeogenic
      role. The kidneys did not appear to perform gluconeogenesis in endotoxin shock
      since blood glucose levels were comparable in eviscerated, endotoxin-treated
      animals whether nephrectomized or not. To ascertain the tissue responsible for
      the increased glucose utilization in endotoxin shock, a study was performed with
      endotoxin added to blood in vitro (estimated LD100 concentration). The endotoxin
      treated blood (n = 7) demonstrated an increased glucose utilization compared with
      saline controls (n = 7) (P less than or equal 0.02). Acclerated glucose
      utilization rates were comparable between the eviscerated, nephrectomized animals
      and in vitro experiments. These data suggest that excessive glucose demand by
      certain blood components may partially explain the lethal hypoglycemia of
      endotoxin shock.

PMID- 970471
TI  - Effect of fatty acids on renal ammoniagenesis in in vivo and in vitro studies.
AB  - Intravenous or renal intra-arterial infusion of sodium octanoate results in a 60%
      decrease in renal ammoniagenesis in the acidotic dog. Mobilization of endogenous
      fatty acids by levarterenol infusion is accompanied by a 30% fall in renal
      ammoniagenesis which coincides with considerable increase in renal extraction of
      fatty acids. In both types of experiments, the renal extraction of glutamine
      falls in proportion with decreased ammoniagenesis. The effect of octanoate and
      levarterenol infusion cannot be explained by changes in acid-base equilibrium,
      renal hemodynamics, or the release of insulin. In vitro experiments using kidney
      cortical slices from acidotic dogs show that addition of sodium octanoate (0.05
      10 mM) or sodium palmitate (0.1-2.5 mM) to the incubation medium induces a 35%
      decrease in both ammonia and glucose production when L-glutamine (1 mM) is used
      as the basic ammoniagenic and gluconeogenic substrate. Glutamine uptake decreases
      concomitantly, whereas tissue glutamate either rises or remains unchanged. The
      same results were observed when L-glutamate (5 mM) was used as substrate.
      Glycerol (5 mM) in the medium has no effect on ammoniagenesis, whereas
      gluconeogenesis increases by 81%. The present studies demonstrate that fatty
      acids may interfere with renal ammoniagenesis from glutamine during acidosis. The
      effect is probably related to substrate availability and competition. Fatty acids
      appear to inhibit ammoniagenesis in the mitochondria through a direct metabolic
      effect linked with their oxidation and not through modification of glutamine
      transport across the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 970472
TI  - Interstitial fluid oncotic pressures in rabbit subcutaneous tissue.
AB  - Interstitial fluid oncotic pressures in rabbit subcutaneous tissues were measured
      by chronically implanted membrane osmometers. Pairs of osmometers were used, one
      using a membrane permeable and one impermeable to plasma proteins. Measurements
      from the small-pore membranes averaged 10.2 mmHg while pressures measured from
      the large-pore membrane osmometers averaged -1.2 mmHg, indicating that the
      measured pressures were osmotic rather than hydrostatic in nature. These values
      are in agreement with previously published values from this laboratory on oncotic
      pressures of excised rabbit skin and with a computer-simulation study of
      capillary fluid balance. The oncotic pressures described in this study are of the
      s-me general magnitude as those of lymph from most organs in the body.

PMID- 970473
TI  - Stimulation of rat lung metabolism with 2,4-dinitrophenol and phenazine
      methosulfate.
AB  - Glucose metabolism was stimulated in isolated perfused rat lungs by perfusion
      with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation or
      phenazine methosulfate (PMS), an artificial hydrogen acceptor. Lungs were
      ventilated with 95% O2:5% CO2 and perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer
      pH 7.4 containing 5.5 mM [U-14C, 5-3H]glucose for 100 min. In control lungs, 45%
      of total glucose 14C was recovered as perfusate lactate plus pyruvate (L+P) and
      24% as 14CO2. Perfuson with 0.8 mM DNP resulted in a 102% increase in 14CO2
      production and a 98% increase in L+P, associated with a fall in tissue ATP/ADP
      ratio and decreased incorporation of glucose carbons into lipids. Perfusion with
      8 muM PMS resulted in a 116% increase in 14CO2 production but no change in L+P;
      the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in the perfusate was reduced to 4 from a control
      value of 10, and tissue adenine nucleotide levels were unchanged. In all
      experiments, 3H was mainly recovered as 3H2O in the perfusate. These data
      demonstrate the pattern of response of the isolated lung preparation to
      uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and to alterations in cytoplasmic redox
      state. The results suggest that the isolated lung preparation is metabolically
      intact and suitable for study of metabolic control processes.

PMID- 970474
TI  - Energy expenditure for thermoregulation and locomotion in emperor penguins.
AB  - During the antarctic winter emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) spend up to
      four mo fasting while they breed at rookeries 80 km or more from the sea,
      huddling close together in the cold. This breeding cycle makes exceptional
      demands on their energy reserves, and we therefore studied their thermoregulation
      and locomotion. Rates of metabolism were measured in five birds (mean body mass,
      23.37 kg) at ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to -47 degrees C. Between 20
      and -10 degrees C the metabolic rate (standard metabolic rate (SMR)) remained
      neraly constant, about 42.9 W. Below -10 degrees C metabolic rate increased
      lineraly with decreasing ambient temperature and at -47 degrees C it was 70%
      above the SMR. Mean thermal conductance below -10 degrees C was 1.57 W m-2
      degrees C-1. Metabolic rate during treadmill walking increased linearly with
      increasing speed. Our data suggest that walking 200 km (from the sea to the
      rookery and back) requires less than 15% of the energy reserves of a breeding
      male emperor penguin initially weighing 35 kg. The high energy requirement for
      thermoregulation (about 85%) would, in the absence of huddling, probably exceed
      the total energy reserves.

PMID- 970475
TI  - Thermoregulation in fasting emperor penguins under natural conditions.
AB  - Emperor penguins breed during the cold antarctic winter. The males incubate the
      single egg while fasting for up to 4 mo and losing some 20 kg of their body mass.
      Fasting captive birds under outdoor conditions lost from 0.145 to 0.434 kg day 
      1. Mean resting metabolic rate, 49.06 W for 24.8 kg body mass, is 7 and 27%,
      respectively, higher than predicted from general metabolic equations for birds.
      Minimal thermal conductance, 1.31 W m-2 degrees C-1, is within the range for
      other birds. The lower critical temperature is about -10 degrees C; this can be
      related to large body size (20-40 kg) and to body shape, giving a smaller
      relative surface area than for other birds. Rigidity of the feathers explains why
      winds of moderate speed (up to 5 m s-1) have little effect on heat loss. At very
      low temperatures the behavior of huddling close together is essential in reducing
      metabolic rate. Without this behavior, survival during the long fast (up to four
      mo) at winter temperatures would be impossible.

PMID- 970476
TI  - Effect of dorsal root section on the arrhythmias associated with coronary
      occlusion.
AB  - In anesthetized vagotomized dogs and cats the circumflex and/or the anterior
      descending coronary artery were briefly occluded (5-90 s), and ectopic beats
      occurring during the occlusion and for 60 s following release were counted. When
      arrhythmias were regularly produced for a given occlusion, the dorsal roots from
      C8 to T5 were transected and the occlusions were repeated. Dorsal root section
      produced minor changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Dogs and cats did not
      differ in their responses. Dorsal root section was performed in eight animals and
      decreased the absolute number of ectopic beats by 63 +/- 19% compared to control
      values (P less than 0.05). In four animals the effect on ectopic beats produced
      by repeated occlusions without dorsal root section was investigated and found to
      be increased by 35 +/- 24% compared to contrl values. Most of the somatic
      afferents contained in the dorsal roots were damaged by the surgical preparation.
      Therefore, repeated occlusions and interruption of somatic afferents do not
      appear to have influenced our results. The arrhythmogenic interaction between the
      local effects of myocardial ischemia and the sympathetic activity, whose outlow
      contained in the ventral roots remained intact, was still possible after dorsal
      root section and this explains why ectopic beats were reduced but not almost
      suppressed as is usually the case after bilateral stellectomy. We conclude that
      dorsal root section reduces the number of ectopic beats associated with short
      lasting coronary artery occlusions and that the most likely mechanism is the
      interruption of the cardiocardiac sympathetic reflex which depends upon afferent
      fibers running through the dorsal roots.

PMID- 970477
TI  - Stretch receptor model for renin release with evidence from perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Control of renin release was studied in isolated rat kidneys perfused with Krebs
      Henseleit solution containing albumin. Cumulative perfusate renin activity (PRA)
      as measured by radioimmunoassay was increased by low perfusion pressure and
      suppressed by high pressure. Renal vasoconstriction induced by infusion of
      phenylephrine or methoxamine increased PRA, whereas vasodilatation by papaverine
      suppressed renin activity. The increased renin activity induced by phenylephrine
      was blocked by high pressure or papaverine. Changing sodium concentration in the
      perfusion medium had no effect on basal renin release. A mathematical analysis
      for an intrarenal stretch receptor indicates that renin release is related to the
      elastic modulus, the internal and external hydrostatic pressures, and the
      internal and external radii. Calculations based on this model also indicate that
      renin release is most sensitive to changes in the ratio of the radii. It is
      proposed that basodilatation or high perfusion pressure may increase the stretch
      of the afferent arteriole and depolarize the granular cell membrane, whereas
      vasoconstriction or low pressure may decrease stretch and thus hyperpolarize the
      cell.

PMID- 970478
TI  - Effectiveness of the aldosterone-sodium and -potassium feedback control system.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the quantitative importance of the
      aldosterone feedback mechanism in controlling each one of three major factors
      that have often been associated with aldosterone, namely, extracellular fluid
      sodium concentration, extracellular fluid potassium concentration, and
      extracellular fluid volume. To do this, the ability of the body to control these
      three factors in the face of marked changes in daily sodium or potassium intake
      was studied under two conditions: 1) in the normal dog, and 2) in the dog in
      which the aldosterone feedback mechanism was prevented from functioning by
      removing the adrenal glands and then providing a continuous fixed level of
      supportive aldosterone and glucocorticoids during the low and high electrolyte
      intake periods. Under these conditions, removal of feedback control of
      aldosterone secretion decreased the effectiveness of plasma potassium control by
      nearly fivefold (39% vs. 8% change in plasma potassium concentration), fluid
      volume by sixfold (12% vs. 2% change in sodium space) and had no effect on
      control of plasma sodium concentration (2% change with and without feedback
      control of aldosterone secretion.)

PMID- 970479
TI  - Incidence and pathophysiological changes in chronic two-kidney hypertension in
      the dog.
AB  - Unilateral renal artery plication in dogs reduced renal blood flow by 80% and
      produced a sustained elevation in arterial pressure whereas plasma renin activity
      increased for only 4 days. Sodium was retained for 3 days after plication, but
      this response is similar to that after a sham operation. Of seven dogs studied
      chronically, elevated arterial pressure was sustained for 27 days or longer in
      six animals. In three dogs hypertension continued for 2 mo before collateral
      vessels developed and arterial pressure fell; ligation of these collaterals
      restored hypertension. Arterial pressure was unaffected by an infusion of [1
      sarcosine, 8-alanine] angiotensin II in chronic hypertensive dogs on a normal
      sodium intake. This angiotensin antagonist lowered arterial pressure after sodium
      depletion, but became ineffective following rapid sodium repletion. Chronic
      hypertensive dogs showed normal responses to deoxycorticosterone acetate. These
      findings suggest that the renin-angiotensin system is not critically involved in
      maintenace of chronic two-kidney renovascular hypertension in the dog. The data
      also show that the homeostatic role played by the renin-angiotensin system in the
      maintenance of arterial pressure remained intact in chronic hypertension.

PMID- 970480
TI  - Preglomerular resistance and glomerular perfusion in the rat and dog.
AB  - Glomerular blood flow in the rat, measured with radioactive microspheres,
      averaged 233 +/- 59 nl/min per glomerulus, significantly less than the glomerular
      flow rate in the dog (568 +/- 115; P less than 0.005). The difference in
      glomerular blood flow rate could not be attributed to differences in mean or
      cortical flow rates, the fraction of acrdiac output received, cardiac output
      normalized to body weight, or the fractional distribution of blood flow or
      glomeruli from outer to inner cortex in the two species. The size of microspheres
      reaching the glomerulus, however, was significantly larger in the dog than in the
      rat (P less than 0.0005) suggesting that afferent arterioles were larger in the
      dog than rat. The difference in afferent resistance calculated from the size of
      microspheres delivered to the glomeruli was larger than the difference in
      glomerular blood flow. With a similar arterial pressure, a lower afferent
      resistance suggests a higher glomerular capillary pressure in the dog, consistent
      with a number of suggestions that filtration equilibrium is less likely in this
      species.

PMID- 970481
TI  - Uptake and release of hormones and metabolites by tissues of exercising leg in
      man.
AB  - To examine release of insulin from tissues of the exercising llin, growth
      hormone, cortisol, and circulating metabolites were studied in five men before,
      during, and after exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 60% of their maximum work
      capacity. At rest, insulin, growth hormone, and cortisol were taken up by leg
      tissues. During exercise arterial plasma insulin concentration fell, but cortisol
      and growth hormone levels rose; there was net release of insulin into venous
      blood but little change in uptake of cortisol and growth hormone. Insulin release
      persisted after exercise for 15-30 min. During exercise arterial concentrations
      and uptake of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) increased. Examination of the
      changes in hormones and metabolites failed to identify any single hormonal or
      metabolic factor causing the observed reversal of insulin uptake with exercise.

PMID- 970482
TI  - Changes in canine saliva ion concentration induced by increased intraluminal
      pressure.
AB  - Hydrostatic pressure was applied to a cannula inserted into Wharton's duct of
      adult dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital and the effect of pressure on saliva
      flow rate and ionic composition of saliva was measured. Increasing the back
      pressure on a secreting gland resulted in a decrease in flow rate. Over the range
      of 0-100 mmHg back pressure the decrease in flow was proportional to the applied
      back pressure. The potassium concentration of saliva collected in the absence of
      back pressure and at raised pressure was similar even though back pressure
      reduced flow. In contrast, sodium concentration decreased when back pressure
      caused salivary flow rate to be reduced. However, when examined at the same flow
      rates the concentration of sodium is increased when back pressure is applied to
      the gland as compared to absence of back pressure. Under conditions of constant
      stimulation the total output of sodium and potassium into saliva decreases as
      back pressure is increased; but when equal flow rates are compared total sodium
      output increases in the presence of applied back pressure, whereas potassium
      output remains constant.

PMID- 970483
TI  - A reconsideration of the Kety and associates study of genetic factors in the
      transmission of schizophrenia.
AB  - The author reviews a study by Kety and associates that reported a significantly
      greater prevalence of schizophrenic spectrum disorders among the biological
      relatives of schizophrenic adoptees than among those of nonschizophrenic
      adoptees. The  principal statistical analysis of the Kety study used an incorrect
      sample size (306 rather than 66) and failed to weight each index and control case
      (family) equally. This violation of the independence assumption would allow a few
      families to disproportionately influence the outcome. The author argues that
      proper statistical analysis applied separately to available categories indicates
      that significant differences between the index and control groups occurred mainly
      in the half-sibling category; this result violates the principle that genetic
      effects increase with greater consanguinity. She concludes that Kety and
      associates' study raises more questions than it answers regarding the role of
      genetic factors in schizophrenia.

PMID- 970484
TI  - Studies designed to disentangle genetic and environmental variables in
      schizophrenia: some epistemological questions and answers.
AB  - The author addresses questions raised by Dr. Lorna S. Benjamin in the preceding
      paper. He quotes from the original studies to respond to questions regarding
      statistical logic, the relative prevalence of schizophrenia among half-siblings
      and parents of index adoptees, and the possible role of socioeconomic status as a
      confounding variable.

PMID- 970485
TI  - The legal implications of sexual activity between psychiatrist and patient.
AB  - The author examines the legal and professional sanctions against sex between
      therapist and patient. The relevant literature of criminal law suggests that
      charges of rape or related sexual offenses against psychotherapists who exploit
      their patients are a remote possibility. Although sexual activity between
      therapist and patient may form the  basis of a malpractice claim, the existing
      case law is complicated, and the legal distinctions are not always consistent
      with good psychiatric practice. Professional associations lack the legal
      expertise and indemnification to act in these situations, but medical boards in
      some states have the power to revoke licenses. In the end, patients must depend
      on the decent moral character of their therapists.

PMID- 970486
TI  - The alcoholic physician: a survey.
AB  - The authors conducted interviews with 98 recovered alcoholic physicians, all of
      whom had been entirely abstinent for a minimum of one calendar year. Psychiatry
      was the only specialty clearly overrepresented. A disproportionate number of
      subjects reported high standing in their medical school classes. Nearly half of
      the sample had experienced difficulty with drugs other than alcohol. While legal
      sanctions and admission to health care and correctional institutions were common
      among this group, relatively little formal response of a disciplinary nature from
      colleagues or medical organizations was reported.

PMID- 970487
TI  - Impact of a district branch Task Force on women.
AB  - A questionnaire sent to all women psychiatrists and trainees in North Carolina as
      part of the development of a district branch Task Force on Women indicated that
      institutional sexism affects the careers of many of the respondents. Problems of
      family-professional role conflicts were especially pronounced in residents and
      faculty women. Survey findings have resulted in recommendations in the areas of
      education, communication, and increasing women's participation in task force and
      district branch activities. The authors feel that such task forces provide a much
      needed network of supportive relationships for women psychiatrists and raise the
      consciousness of the district branch regarding women's issues.

PMID- 970488
TI  - Importance of dopamine metabolism for clinical effects and side effects of
      neuroleptics.
AB  - The authors studied the relation between human central dopamine (DA) metabolism
      and the clinical effects of neuroleptics. The neuroleptic-induced increase in
      central DA turnover (an indicator for the degree of DA receptor blocking) was
      found to be positively correlated with the therapeutic effect of neuroleptics and
      the development of hypokinetic-rigid symptoms. This supplies a direct argument in
      support of the contention that DA antagonism is related to the occurrence of
      clinical effects. The authors also found indications that neuroleptics of
      different chemical types do not significantly differ in their intrinsic ability
      to provoke hypokinetic-rigid symptoms, that development of these symptoms depends
      on the patient's individual susceptibility, and that individual susceptibility is
      based on relatively low DA turnover.

PMID- 970489
TI  - A dopaminergic mechanism in mania.
AB  - The authors present a case study that explores the relationship of dopamine
      function and manic illness through the use of two drugs with relatively specific
      effects in stimulating and blocking dopamine receptors--piribedil (ET--495) and
      pimozide, respectively. Piribedil, as well as d-amphetamine, was associated with
      manic episodes, while pimozide had an antimanic effect. These observations
      suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms may be involved in the mediation of manic
      episodes in at least some patients.

PMID- 970490
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenia.
AB  - The activity of platelet monoamine oxidase in 12 chronic schizophrenic patients
      was not significantly different from that in a matched group of normal
      individuals. The authors emphasize the importance of simultaneous processing of
      control and patient blood samples and the use of carefully controlled techniques,
      since relatively minor changes in procedure can markedly influence platelet yield
      and leucocyte contamination.

PMID- 970491
TI  - Treatment of requests for sex-change surgery with psychotherapy.
AB  - The authors describe two patients whose requests for sex-change surgery
      represented crises in sexual identity and anxiety-masking symptoms. Brief
      psychotherapy enabled these patients to relinquish their belief in a surgical
      "cure". In evaluating such request, the psychiatrist should consider the
      patient's total personality rather than focusing on the genuineness of the
      perceived gender disorder. Whatever the final decision, the opportunity for
      continued psychotherapy should be provided.

PMID- 970492
TI  - Peer counseling in a general hospital.
AB  - Self-help groups can aid an individual in coping with and adapting to
      catastrophic illness. The authors describe a therapeutic technique in which a
      member of a medical team serves as a catalyst in introducing a "veteran" patient
      to a newly disabled patient with the same disease or problem so that they can
      share feelings, experiences, and strategies. Two cases are presented in which
      patients who were severely depressed benefited from peer counseling. Short-term
      or "one-shot" encounters can be a valuable way to help some disabled patients
      deal with the anxiety and helplessness they feel in the acute states of serious
      disease or injury.

PMID- 970493
TI  - The psychiatric resident as an ex-officio community board member.
AB  - The authors describe a program in which third-year psychiatric residents
      participate as ex-officio members on the boards of community service agencies.
      Experience as board members gives residents a broad understanding of issues
      related to the delivery of community mental health services and encourages them
      to continue community involvment after their training is completed.

PMID- 970494
TI  - The use 0f two-way TV in bringing mental health services to the inner city.
AB  - The authors describe a cable TV link between a medical school and a child health
      station in East Harlem. Nurse associates and community health workers trained
      through television conferences with a child psychiatrist have the primary
      responsibility for patient care at the clinic. Patients and their mothers are
      evaluated by the child psychiatrist in TV consultations at which nurse
      associates, health workers, medical students, and child psychiatric fellows are
      present. Patients and mothers respond positively to the system, and a high
      percentage of the psychiatrist's treatment recommendations are accepted. The
      authors suggest that such TV links can increase mental health services to
      underserved inner-city children.

PMID- 970495
TI  - On dangerousness and involuntary hospitalization.

PMID- 970496
TI  - Somnambulism and bedtime medication.

PMID- 970497
TI  - In defense of the boards.

PMID- 970498
TI  - Lithium in schizophrenia.

PMID- 970499
TI  - Questioning a diagnosis.

PMID- 970500
TI  - [The day of reckoning--the National Health Insurance Program].

PMID- 970501
TI  - Sixteenth Emil A. Gutheil Memorial Conference. Factors influencing sexual
      behavior in our future society.
AB  - The paper is concerned with some of the factors that will probably influence
      sexual behavior at the end of this century and in the beginning of the next.
      These include changes in family structure, marriage, male-female relationships,
      effects of large organizations on male-female role playing, mass increase in
      population, anticipated food shortages, and the effects of forced leisure.

PMID- 970502
TI  - Beyond sexual freedom: clinical fallout.
AB  - This paper is a critical evaluation of the nature and meaning of various radical
      changes in sexual customs and behavior and their clinical consequences. The
      author contends that many of the revolutional changes demonstrate a complete and
      disastrous disregard of knowledge gained through painstaking psychodynamic and
      psychoanalytic investigations over the past 75 years.

PMID- 970503
TI  - Children who are victims of sexual assault and the psychology of offenders.
AB  - Psychiatrists and others have too often discounted reports of sexual attacks upon
      children and ascribed the incident to fantasy. The author's experience in private
      psychoanalytic practice and in Philadelphia's rape victim clinics indicates that
      these assaults occur frequently. If the sexual attack is dealt with improperly or
      repressed it may cause serious psychologic problems for the victim as an adult.

PMID- 970504
TI  - Adolescent sexuality and societal change.
AB  - Social changes have occurred so rapidly and in such magnitude as to invalidate
      previously effective coping mechanisms and to reduce the supporting factors in
      the social milieu. Concomitant with these changes has been an increase in
      adolescent sexual behavior. Psychoanalytic theory indicates that this behavior
      will warp or retard psychosexual maturity, but other authorities disagree with
      this stance. Present evidence does not allow a definitive statement, but
      indicates the need for more attention to those adolescents who escape psychic
      damage.

PMID- 970505
TI  - The psychodynamics of male prostitution.
AB  - In a seventeen-month field study thirty-three male were interviewed and
      tentatively classified into four categories: call-boys, street prostitutes, bar
      hustlers, and kept boys. These classifications, though flexible, were deemed
      useful in exploring the homosexual psychodynamics involved. In addition, twenty
      frequenter of prostitutes (scores) were interviewed and the prostitute-customer
      relationship was analyzed and discussed.

PMID- 970506
TI  - Gossip and psychotherapy.
AB  - Gossip, a phenomenon as old as history itself, is reflected upon in terms of its
      need-fulfilling functions for persons and social groups. It is seen as one of the
      sources of knowledge about life that has potentials for wisdom, and its
      interpersonal and intrapsychic functions are shown to have similarities to many
      salient functions of psychotherapy.

PMID- 970507
TI  - Telepathy in psychoanalysis: an instance.
AB  - A case is presented of a patient telepathically perceiving a stressful event in
      the analyst's life. Evidence for this is a dream of the patient that embodied a
      similar content and affect. It is hypothesized that the patient's telepathic
      ability derived from his self-effacing character trend, which determines an act
      of perception.

PMID- 970508
TI  - The stigma of seeing a psychiatrist.
AB  - Mental and physical illnesses are compared and contrasted and reasons for the
      stigma attached to seeing a psychiatrist are discussed. Psychiatrists appear to
      share in the responsibility for perpetuating such a stigma. VIP's and others are
      sometimes prevented from seeking competent help because of such attitudes, which
      fit into the systems theory model of mental illness. The validity of the medical
      model is re-emphasized.

PMID- 970509
TI  - Psychotherapy of borderline psychotic children.
AB  - This presentation of excerpts from the literature synthesizes many suggestions by
      various therapists concerning the treatment methods of borderline psychotic
      children. The importance of providing a stable, auxiliary ego for the child to
      introject emerges clearly and is clinically demonstrated. Comments on the
      author's own experiences are included.

PMID- 970510
TI  - More on HSAs.

PMID- 970511
TI  - Hospital utilization and the health care system.

PMID- 970512
TI  - Quality of care in free clinics.

PMID- 970513
TI  - The mortality of Swedish and U.S. white males: a comparison of experience, 1969
      1971.
AB  - The life expectancy of males in the United States is lower than that of males in
      most of the developed countries and in some of the not-so-developed ones. U.S.
      females, by contrast, do much better in international ranking. This study
      compares the mortality of U.S. white males with that of Swedish males who have
      had the highest reported male life expectancies in the world since the early
      1960s. Life expectancy at birth in 1969-71 was 67.9 for U.S. white males compared
      with 71.9 for Swedish males. Greater U.S. white male mortality is found at all
      ages from birth through ages 75-79. At the upper ages there is a reversal of the
      differential with U.S. white males having lower mortality than their Swedish
      counterparts. The greatest relative differentials between the two male
      populations is found at ages under 1, ages 20-24, and ages 50-59. At ages under 1
      the greater U.S. white male mortality is accounted for mainly by higher death
      rates from infectious diseases, at ages 20-24 by higher rates from the external
      causes of death (specifically accidents and homicide), and at ages 50-59 from
      most of the major organic causes of death.

PMID- 970514
TI  - Television advertising and drug use.

PMID- 970515
TI  - An analysis of physician visit data from a complex sample survey.
AB  - A generalization of ordinary least squares methods is used in the analysis of
      physician visit data from a complex sample survey. The emphasis, in this paper,
      is on the valid substantive inferences to be drawn from an analysis of this type
      of data. The procedure is found to be useful in two ways. First, the resultion on
      a national basis. It is concluded that age is an imp-s of a comparative sampling
      study are reported. Second, the procedure is used to remove statistically non
      significant variation from the data in order to generate fitted or smoothed
      estimates on which the substantive analyst may focus his attention. These fitted
      values are then examined for implications to physician service utilization on a
      national basis. It is concluded that age is an important variable while the
      effect of sex and race depends on age. Similarly, residence and income are
      important but the effect of education depends on the level of income.

PMID- 970516
TI  - Quality of care given to first time birth control patients at a free clinic.
AB  - In an empirical study of the quality of care at a free clinic, criteria for
      optimal care for female first visits for birth control were established and 100
      charts were reviewed, 50 in April 1974 and 50 in April 1975 with an interval in
      between of in-service training accompanied by new medical forms and procedures.
      An encouraging improvement in record keeping was observed. The authors feel it is
      important that free clinics concentrate on quality as well as quantity and
      accessibility of care.

PMID- 970517
TI  - Population-based spot maps: an epidemiologic technique.

PMID- 970518
TI  - Non-respondents in a psychiatric survey.

PMID- 970519
TI  - A method for surveillance of influenza epidemics.

PMID- 970520
TI  - Physician training: more than a legislative issue.

PMID- 970521
TI  - Healing of deep venous thrombosis: venographic findings in a randomized study
      comparing streptokinase and heparin.
AB  - Sequential ascending venographic studies were used to assess the healing of deep
      venous thrombosis in 50 patients randomly assigned to streptokinase or heparin
      therapy. Various degrees of thrombolysis and/or recanalization were demonstrated
      by venograms performed on the fourth and tenth days of treatment. Late follow-up
      studies (mean, 7 months after treatment) showed three basic patterns of
      resolution: (1) return to normal, (2) complete recanalization, and (3) incomplete
      recanalization and/or collateralization. Loss of valves or their function was
      associated with recanalization. The character, speed, and outcome of healing
      reflected the nature and extent of thrombosis, prior thrombotic disease in the
      extremity, and the type and timing of treatment. Streptokinase was highly
      effective and preferable to heparin in patients with deep vein thrombosis when
      therapy was begun within 4 days of onset of symptoms. In later stages of acute or
      recurrent deep vein thrombosis, the effectiveness of both drugs was significantly
      reduced.

PMID- 970522
TI  - Hemodynamic assessment of obstructive aortoiliac disease.
AB  - Angiographic demonstration of obstructive aortoiliac disease is of paramount
      importance prior to surgery. Obstructive disease in the femoral popliteal system
      can only be surgically relieved if inflow is adequate. Severely stenotic lesions
      may be missed by angiography due to the oblique course of the iliac arteries and
      inability to obtain right angle views. Translumbar downstream catheterization of
      the abdominal aorta and puncture of both femoral arteries allows simultaneous
      pressure recordings. The injection of 30 mg of papaverine into the femoral artery
      assures maximal vasodilatation mimicking conditions under exercise. A minimal
      gradient at rest may become obvious following the injection of papaverine,
      indicating hemodynamically significant disease and warranting surgical
      correction. The technique has proved to be simple and valuable, and there have
      been no complications.

PMID- 970523
TI  - Effects of experimental hepatic artery embolization on hepatic function.
AB  - The hepatic artery was embolized with Gelfoam in 12 dogs to evaluate the effect
      of embolization on hepatic function. Liver function studies, including SGPT,
      alkaline phosphatase, BSP test, and bilirubin, were done serially over a 6 week
      period following the embolization. Eleven of the 12 embolized dogs survived the 6
      week experimental period. Hepatic artery embolization caused some liver damage;
      however, recovery occurred by 6 weeks. These results suggest a possible
      therapeutic role for hepatic artery embolization in patients with massive hepatic
      bleeding or hemobilia who are not surgical candidates and who would require
      hepatic lobectomy or dearterialization to control the bleeding.

PMID- 970524
TI  - Traumatic thenar ischemia.
AB  - A case of posttraumatic digital ischemia involving the thenar portion of the hand
      is presented and the differential diagnosis of hand ischemia is discussed. The
      importance of obtaining an occupational history for assessment of possible hand
      trauma is emphasized. Angiography can confirm the diagnosis of posttraumatic
      arterial injury and will localize thrombosis or aneurysms for possible surgical
      repair.

PMID- 970525
TI  - Sacroiliitis in severe psoriasis.
AB  - In 100 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital for control of severe
      psoriasis, 25 had radiologic changes characteristic of psoriatic arthritis.
      Twenty had erosions and mild sclerosis around the sacroiliac joint; in eight of
      these, asymptomatic sacroiliac changes were the sole manifestation of
      musculoskeletal disease. Twelve had vertebral syndesmophytes, 11 had terminal
      interphalangeal joint changes, and 10 had peripheral joint involvement.

PMID- 970526
TI  - Posttraumatic adhesive capsulitis of the ankle: arthrographic diagnosis.
AB  - A disabling decrease in range of motion may be a sequelae of ankle trauma. This
      complication can result from secondary degenerative joint disease, osteochondrial
      fractures with loose bodies, or posttraumatic adhesive capsulitis. The latter
      entity is well recognized as a complication of shoulder injuries but is rarely
      described in other joints. Since adhesive capsulitis produces no specific plain
      film findings, the confirmation of this diagnosis depends on the usage of a
      contrast study. It is only recently that ankle arthrography has been utilized to
      differentiate between the various causes of a painful posttraumatic ankle. Once a
      diagnosis is established by arthrography, therapeutic efforts can be directed
      toward relieving the specific abnormality. Three cases of "frozen" ankles are
      presented. Two were the result of intracapsular fractures, while the third had
      previously sustained a severe injury of the soft tissue. The arthrographic
      findings included a decrease in the joint capacity, obliteration of the normal
      anterior and posterior recesses, and extravasation of contrast material along the
      needle track.

PMID- 970527
TI  - The infrapatellar synovail fold: a cause for confusion in the evaluation of the
      anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - The anterior cruciate ligament may be simulated by the normal infrapatellar
      synovial fold or ligamentum mucosum. With the aid of lateral tomography, the
      expected course and insertion of the structures can usually be differentiated.
      This distinction is important, since a torn anterior cruciate ligament can be
      overlooked and lead to a delay in appropriate therapy.

PMID- 970528
TI  - Determination of bone mineral content using CT scanning.
AB  - The usefulness and accuracy of CT scanning in the determination of bone mineral
      content is studied. The radius in 31 patients of both sexes and varying ages was
      examined using both the Norland-Cameron bone mineral analyzer and the CT scanner.
      There was reasonably good correlation (r=.72). Ten cadaver bones were then
      examined with CT scanning and were sent to the laboratory for calcium
      determination. These results indicate excellent correlation (r=.97). It is
      concluded that CT scanning represents the only practical and accurate in vivo
      method of bone mineral content determination.

PMID- 970529
TI  - Sphenoethmoidal mucocele: radiographic diagnosis.
AB  - Fourteen cases of mucocele of the sphenoid sinus are reviewed to assess
      differentiating radiographic features. Recognition is usually possible using
      detailed tomography in the frontal, lateral, and submentovertex projections. Two
      constant findings were opacification of the sinus (usually bilateral) and
      expansion and thinning of the sinus walls. Contiguous opacification of the
      ethmoid sinuses was present in most cases, and pansinusitis was frequent.
      Distinction from intrasellar lesions is based on the absence of sellar
      enlargement. Early and correct diagnosis is important to prevent permanent visual
      loss and to assure appropriate surgical approach.

PMID- 970530
TI  - The radiology of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy: a review of 100 cases.
AB  - This report describing the radiology of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy based on a
      review of 100 consecutive surgical procedures. Preoperative laminographic
      evaluation of the sphenoid sinus is an important aid in planning the most direct
      surgical approach to the pituitary. It is also useful in defining the many
      anatomic structures that may be injured inadvertently at the time of surgery.
      Intraoperative radiography or fluoroscopy is helpful in identifying the sella
      floor and as an aid in preventing loss of orientation within a capacious sinus.
      Various changes occur within the sphenoid sinus following surgery, some transient
      and others persistent. The surgical defect is usually difficult to identify on
      routine roentgenograms but is clearly visible on lateral laminography. A
      persistent soft tissue mass within the sinus is usually a manifestation of fascia
      and fat placed as a seal within the sinus.

PMID- 970531
TI  - Air contrast colon examination in patients with colostomies.
AB  - A readily feasible technique for producing an excellent air contrast examination
      of the colon in patients with colostomies is described. The technique employes no
      special equipment and is easily tolerated by patients. Indications for the
      examination include a symptomatic patient with a negative conventional enema or
      suspicious single column examination. The surprisingly high incidence of both
      benign and malignant coexisting colonic neoplasms is reviewed.

PMID- 970532
TI  - Radiographic manifestations of malignant histiocytosis.
AB  - Twenty-six cases of histologically proven malignant histiocytosis are presented.
      Patient ages ranged from 20 months to 82 years, and a 10:3 male preponderance was
      seen. Clinical presentation is similar to that of malignant lymphoma and
      leukemia; histologic differentiation is required. The frequency of intrathoracic
      involvement at the time of presentation is similar to that of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma. Retroperitoneal lymph node invasion was readily seen on five of the
      eight lymphograms performed. Hepatosplenomegaly was a common finding, and three
      of the patients had evidence of bone involvement during the course of their
      illness. While there are no radiographic findings specific to malignant
      histiocytosis, the presence of hepatomegaly should suggest this possibility. The
      establishment of the correct diagnosis is important to guide choices in
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 970533
TI  - Neonatal diaphragmatic dysfunction.
AB  - Several unusual diaphragmatic problems in the neonate are presented and a new
      potential complication of the negative pressure respirator is illustrated. The
      association of bilateral diaphragmatic eventrations with chromosome anomalies is
      emphasized. In our experience the appearance of the chest on frontal and lateral
      views is usually so characteristic that no further evaluation is required. The
      relationship between several neuromuscular disorders and diaphragmatic
      dysfunction is discussed. A case of congenital myotonic dystrophy with unilateral
      eventration is illustrated.

PMID- 970534
TI  - Early diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - This study demonstrates that the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis can
      sometimes be made before the full-blown clinical and radiographic findings are
      manifest. Of 12 infants with films available prior to diagnosis of the disease,
      nine had early selective dilatation of small bowel and little or no air in the
      colon. Necrotizing enterocolitis should be foremost in the differential diagnosis
      when this finding is coupled with signs such as abdominal distention, acidosis,
      and diarrhea.

PMID- 970535
TI  - Correlation of renal images on bone scan and intravenous pyelogram.
AB  - The reliability of renal images using the 99mTc-labeled bone-seeking
      radiopharmaceuticals was evaluated by comparing abnormal renal images on bone
      scan with IVP and, conversely, abnormal findings on IVP with renal images on bone
      scan. Several findings on the bone scan renal images were associated with
      abnormalities on IVP. However, some conditions may not be detected on the bone
      scan images which are demonstrated on IVP. Results suggest that an abnormality of
      the renal image on bone scan warrants further investigation while a normal renal
      image does not exclude renal pathology.

PMID- 970536
TI  - Angiographic documentation of systemic-portal venous shunting as a cause of a
      liver scan ""hot spot'' in superior vena caval obstruction.
AB  - Four patients with superior vena caval obstruction were evaluated with contrast
      venography and radiocolloid liver scans to investigate systemic-portal venous
      shunting as a cause of a liver scan "hot spot". In two of the cases a hot spot
      due to systemic-portal venous shunting was documented by angiography. The venous
      anatomy and pathophysiology related to hot spot formation on the liver scan is
      discussed. To develop a liver scan hot spot it appears necessary to have
      considerable systemic-portal venous flow through anterior parietal and
      periumbilical venous channels.

PMID- 970537
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monitoring of radiation therapy for colorectal
      cancer.
AB  - Serial CEA radioimmunoassays were performed on 16 patients receiving preoperative
      radiation therapy of rectal cancer or irradiation of recurrent or metastatic
      colorectal cancer. Radiation therapy of localized colorectal cancer reliably
      reduced previously elevated circulating CEA titers. Significant decrease of
      elevated CEA titers with accumulating doses of irradiation may indicate that the
      bulk of CEA-producing tumor is within the radiation treatment portal and assist
      in patient management decisions. The decrease of circulating CEA with
      preoperative radiation therapy was of short duration and may indicate that
      surgical resection should not be delayed more than 6-8 weeks after irradiation.
      Because of the high frequency of false positive and false negative results, CEA
      must be used only in conjunction with other clinical and laboratory parameters.

PMID- 970538
TI  - Radiation therapy in the management of primary breast cancer.
AB  - Since 1960, six cancer centers in France have used radiotherapy alone (with or
      without tumorectomy) in the treatment of "operable" breast carcinomas. The
      technique at Hopital Henri Mondor (Creteil) includes a basic irradiation of 5,000
      rad to the breast, 4,500 rad to the chest wall, and 4,500 rad to the axillary,
      supraclavicular, and internal mammary nodal areas. Boost doses of 1,500-2,500 rad
      to the axillary and internal mammary nodes are given with electrons. A boost dose
      of 4,000 rad is given to the primary tumor site in the breast by
      endocureitherapy. Results appear equivalent to those obtained with surgical
      techniques. Esthetic results are, on the whole, satisfactory. Definitive results
      will be reported several years hence.

PMID- 970539
TI  - Use of auxiliary collimating devices in the treatment for breast cancer with 60Co
      teletherapy units. I. Dosimetric considerations.
AB  - The dosimetry of tangential field treatment for breast cancer using an auxiliary
      collimating device on 60Co teletherapy machines is reviewed. The position of the
      device with respect to the source axis has negligible effect on either the dose
      rate or the dose distribution. Measurements with thermoluminescent dosimeters in
      an anatomic phantom verify the accuracy of the method of correction of isodose
      distributions for sloping skin. Possible systematic errors in dosimetry are
      identified.

PMID- 970540
TI  - Use of axiliary collimating devices in the treatment for breast cancer with 60Co
      teletherapy units. II. Dose to the skin.
AB  - Special auxiliary collimating devices are often used in radiation therapy for
      breast cancer in order to treat the chest wall with tangential 60Co fields. Some
      of these devices are manufactured with a permanently attached Lucite end plate
      which increases the skin dose due to electron contamination. The relative surface
      dose was measured on a 60Co irradiator utilizing the collimating device with and
      without the Lucite plate. A parallel plate extrapolation chamber was used. The
      surface dose was measured as a function of the distance from the end of the
      device, the position in the field, and the angle of incidence for typical chest
      wall fields. These results are used to compare the dose to the skin of the chest
      wall for several treatment regimes. The data indicate that if the Lucite end
      plate is permanently attached, the skin dose may be enhanced to the extent that
      the use of additional bolus may be neither necessary nor desirable.

PMID- 970541
TI  - Simplified method for standardization of roentgenographic image quality using
      penetration quality measurements.
AB  - A simplified method for standardization of roentgenographic image quality is
      described. The method employs the concept of penetration quality (PQ) originally
      established for calibration of x-ray tube potential (kVp). In order to verify
      that the PQ measurement is useful for standardization of roentgenographic image
      quality in a clinical situation, a cadaver was selected for patient simulation.
      It has been shown that PQ may be utilized for roentgenographic technique
      specification in place of kVp. The validity of this standardization was evaluated
      subjectively by radiologists.

PMID- 970542
TI  - Computed tomography in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
AB  - An area of decreased density found with computed tomography corresponded to
      confluent demyelinative lesions in the brain of a patient with progressive
      multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Failure of the CT scan to enhance with contrast
      material together with the clinical picture may enable clinicians to diagnose
      this subacutely progressive viral demyelinative brain disorder.

PMID- 970543
TI  - Bilateral subclavian steal syndrome.
AB  - Two cases of bilateral subclavian steal syndrome are presented, demonstrating
      complete occlusion at the origin of both subclavian arteries with distal
      reconstitution via reversal of blood flow through the vertebrobasilar system.
      Since unsuspected subclavian artery obstruction may present significant
      angiographic hazard, careful physical examination including blood pressures in
      both upper extremities and auscultation of the neck is necessary in order to
      avoid undesirable complications.

PMID- 970544
TI  - Scrotal "arteriocele" from iliac artery occlusion.
AB  - A case is described in which a testicular artery, pulsatile and palpable in the
      scrotum, provided a major collateral for an obstructed iliac artery. The
      testicular artery was probably spared from occlusion because it originated from a
      renal artery. Following surgical relief of the iliac obstruction, the testicular
      artery reverted to normal caliber and was no longer palpable in the scrotum.

PMID- 970545
TI  - Postgastrectomy distortion of the pancreatic ducts simulating carcinoma.

PMID- 970546
TI  - Displaced lateral surface of the liver (Hellmer's sign) secondary to an
      extraperitoneal fluid collection.
AB  - In 1942, Bellmer (1) first described visualization of a medially displaced
      lateral liver edge on abdominal radiographs in patients with ascites. In
      Hellmer's original article and all cases subsequently reported, this appearance
      was described as being pathognomonic of intraperitoneal fluid. This paper reports
      the occurrence of Hellmer's sign in a patient with a large extraperitoneal fluid
      collection extending into the flank. Thus the differential diagnosis associated
      with a medially displaced lateral liver edge includes pathologic processes in
      both the intra- and extraperitoneal spaces.

PMID- 970547
TI  - Genitourinary involvement in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood.
AB  - A second case of symptomatic renal involvement of chronic granulomatous disease
      of childhood is reported, and all previous cases of documented genitourinary
      lesions in this disease are reviewed. Although frequent infections of other organ
      systems are a well recognized part of chronic granulomatous disease, involvement
      of the urinary tract has been rarely reported. The nature of the few cases
      described suggests that extensive insidious destruction occurs before urinary
      tract involvement is clinically suspected.

PMID- 970548
TI  - Metaphyseal chondroblastoma of bone.
AB  - This report documents the ninth example of a chondroblastoma localized to the
      metaphysis of a long bone. The tumor appeared as a lytic lesion in the femoral
      neck of an 18-year-old boy and was associated with a periosteal reaction. When
      such neoplasms occur in an unusual location with associated periosteal reaction,
      chondroblastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 970549
TI  - Acupuncture needles: a "new" foreign body in the ear.
AB  - With the recent popularity of acupuncture therapy and anesthesia in the United
      States, patients are having temporary needles placed in the external ear. These
      matallic radiopaque needles appear on routine skull and mastoid examinations.
      This article is written to familiarize radiologists with this ""new'' iatrogenic
      foreign body.

PMID- 970550
TI  - Editorial: 'If you are pregnant, or if you think you might be...'.

PMID- 970551
TI  - [Morpho-functional characteristics of the uterine blood vessels and other
      systemic vessels of the abdominal cavity in pregnancy].

PMID- 970552
TI  - [Comparative content and origin of a number of immunologic factors in the blood
      serum of mother, fetus and amniotic fluid].

PMID- 970553
TI  - [State of biologically active substances in the mother-placenta-fetus system in
      pregnancy and labor].

PMID- 970554
TI  - [Progesterone-pregnanediol ratio during pregnancy].

PMID- 970555
TI  - [Effect of prolonged pregnancy on the state of placenta and fetus].

PMID- 970556
TI  - [Estrogen-progesterone ratio of blood plasma in prolonged pregnancy].

PMID- 970557
TI  - [Certain characteristics of the course of labor depending on the place of
      placental attachment].

PMID- 970558
TI  - [Study of the correlation between electroplethysmographic and mechanographic
      indicators of the uterus in physiological labor].

PMID- 970559
TI  - [Uterine contraction in physiological labor according to the data of intrauterine
      pressure].

PMID- 970560
TI  - [Electric stimulation of the uterus in flat form of the amniotic sac].

PMID- 970561
TI  - [Significance of certain humoral factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension in
      pregnancy].

PMID- 970562
TI  - [Functional-morphological characteristics of the chorion and decidual tissue in
      normal pregnancy].

PMID- 970563
TI  - [Does pregnancy change the regulatory mechanisms in the system with low blood
      pressure?].

PMID- 970564
TI  - [Characteristics of regional blood circulation in the early puerperal period
      after the 1st and repeated labor].

PMID- 970565
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the contractility of the longitudinal and
      circular parts of the rat myometrium].

PMID- 970566
TI  - [Certain indicators of homeostasis in parturients in normal labor and uterine
      inertia].

PMID- 970567
TI  - [Effect of diet on newborn infants whose mothers suffered from late pregnancy
      toxemia].

PMID- 970568
TI  - [Temporary interrelations between electric and mechanical processes in the heart
      in healthy newborn infants].

PMID- 970569
TI  - [Cogenital anomalies in children born to mothers with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 970570
TI  - [Statistical criteria of the perinatal period].

PMID- 970571
TI  - [Diagnostic value of continuous monitoring during labor].

PMID- 970572
TI  - [Dynamics of certain indicators of homeostasis in parturients during
      physiological, fast and prolonged labor].

PMID- 970573
TI  - [Characteristics of bioelectric activity of the brain in women who suffered from
      eclampsia during labor].

PMID- 970574
TI  - [Immunologic elements of pathogenesis of late pregnancy toxemias].

PMID- 970575
TI  - [Certain problems of asphyxia neonatorum and methods of its treatment].

PMID- 970576
TI  - [Problem of asphyxia of the fetus and newborn infants].

PMID- 970577
TI  - [Concerning the article of Prof. G.M. Savel'eva "Asphyxia neonatorum and its
      treatment"].

PMID- 970578
TI  - [Certain characteristics of resuscitation in asphyxia of premature newborn
      infants].

PMID- 970579
TI  - [Treatment of women suffering from habitual miscarriage].

PMID- 970580
TI  - [Hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome in the 2d half of pregnancy].

PMID- 970581
TI  - [Septic shock in obstetrical clinic].

PMID- 970582
TI  - [Embryotropic action of the antibiotics, kanamycin, fucidin and tetracycline, in
      the pre-implantation period].

PMID- 970583
TI  - Plastic bags and botulism: a new twist to an old hazard of the North.

PMID- 970584
TI  - Of doctors, Foma and Granfalloons.

PMID- 970585
TI  - Alaska's new medical malpractice law chronology and comment.

PMID- 970586
TI  - Shock.

PMID- 970587
TI  - The cardiovascular effects of ketamine in man.
AB  - The arterial hypertension of ketamine is prevented by verapamil, a calcium ion
      antagonist. This indicates that ketamine is a direct myocardial stimulant acting
      by increasing the availability of calcium across the cell membranes of the
      myocardial and the Purkinje systems. The positive chronotropic action of ketamine
      is not reversed by verapamil. Both the chronotropic and the inotropic effects of
      ketamine are prevented by halothane which acts partly by increased vagal tone and
      partly by what appears to be a verapamil-like depression of calcium availability.
      Ketamine blocks the reflex sympathetic response of the peripheral blood vessels
      to surgical stimuli. The site of the block within the sympathetic reflex arc has
      not been identified. It is not at the alpha adrenoceptor level. The clinical
      implications of the findings have been discussed.

PMID- 970588
TI  - Althesin anaesthesia and a long induction-delivery interval at Caesarean section.
AB  - A case is reported in which obstetric management resulted in 52 minutes elapsing
      between the induction of anaesthesia and delivery by Caesarean section. The
      mother was induced and maintained on Althesin and minimal methoxyflurane
      throughout this period without detriment to the neonate.

PMID- 970589
TI  - Unusual presentation of phaeochromocytoma. Management of anaesthesia and
      cardiovascular monitoring.
AB  - A case is reported in which a patient with a history of high output left
      ventricular failure presented for exploratory laparotomy and removal of a highly
      vascular tumour which was intra-operatively discovered to be a phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 970590
TI  - Pulmonary embolism. Prophylaxis diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - The natural history diagnosis and immediate treatment of patients suffering from
      pulmonary embolism has been discussed. Anaesthetists should use their influence
      to bring about a high standard of prophylactic care against deep venous
      thrombosis and consequently of pulmonary embolism. They are likely to be involved
      in the resuscitation and treatment in intensive care units of those cases who
      suffer from major symptoms and massive emboli and some of them will rarely be
      involved in anaesthetising for pulmonary embolectomy aided by cardiopulmonary by
      pass and, less rarely, for IVC ligation or plication and venous disobliteration.
      Anticoagulant drugs appear to limit the mortality of pulmonary embolism to 5%.
      The mortality of IVC ligation or plication varies in different reports from 2 to
      50%; it should therefore be reserved for the special indications which have been
      discussed. There is also an incidence of recurrent pulmonary embolism after IVC
      ligation and plication and leg troubles from stasis in about 30% of cases.
      Streptokinase is usually indicated in the immediate treatment of major pulmonary
      emboli which cause shock and severe distress with an immediate threat to life. In
      hospitals having access to cardiopulmonary by-pass, pulmonary embolectomy has a
      small role to play in major emboli with cardiovascular collapse, if surgery can
      start within 2 hours and pulmonary angiography is available. Cardiopulmonary by
      pass on its own may be life-saving in supporting the circulation while the clot
      fragments. If cardiac arrest occurs, external cardiac massage should be
      undertaken as it is sometimes successful and disseminates and fragments the clot
      in the pulmonary artery.

PMID- 970591
TI  - Anaesthesia in patients with phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - The authors' technique of balanced neuroleptanaesthesia with droperidol,
      fentanyl, nitrous oxide, pancuronium and nitroprusside is outlined. It is
      suggested that this is the anaesthetic method of choice for the surgical removal
      of catecholamine secreting tumours since it is associated with good operating
      conditions and an uneventful post-operative period.

PMID- 970592
TI  - 'Paraplegia following epidural analgesia': a misnomer.

PMID- 970593
TI  - Trichloroethylene in anaesthetic practice.

PMID- 970594
TI  - Malignant hyperpyrexia--the difficulty of diagnosis.

PMID- 970595
TI  - Finding the cephalic vein.

PMID- 970596
TI  - [Preoperative digitalization. Measurement of digoxin plasma levels (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In a study of 233 patients from the department of surgery and anesthesiology
      taking digoxin preparations 64, per cent exhibit digoxin levels in the
      therapeutic range (0.6--1.5 ng/ml), 19 per cent had subtoxic concentrations
      ranged from 1.6--2.0 ng/ml and 7 per cent were in the toxic range (greater than 2
      ng/ml). In patients treated with digoxin before admission to hospital
      subtherapeutic levels were most frequent. An average loading dose of digoxin 1 mg
      or more on one day may result in subtoxic and toxic digoxin levels on the second
      day, in patients receiving less than 1 mg digoxin daily an increasing frequency
      of plasma digoxin concentrations of 1.5 ng/ml or higher values was present on the
      third day. Averaged plasma digoxin concentrations were correlated with daily
      maintenance dose. There was, however, a wide individual variation in digoxin
      plasma concentrations. A low incidence of toxic digoxin plasma levels was
      observed in patients receiving a daily oral maintenance dose of 0.375 mg digoxin
      (Lanicor). For prophylactic digitalization of patients with normal renal and
      thyroid function the following schedules or statistical guidlines are proposed:
      Lanicor (bioavailability 60%): oral loading dose of 0.75 mg over two days, and
      then daily oral maintenance dose of 0.375 mg; Novodigal (bioavailability 80%):
      oral loading dose of 0.6 mg over two days and then daily oral maintenance dose of
      0.3 mg; Digoxin i.v.: intravenous loading dose of 0.5 (0.4) mg over two days and
      then 0.25 (0.2) mg daily intravenous maintenance dose. For any patient needing
      treatment with digitalis glycosides therapy must be individual and dynamic. The
      reasons for toxic concentrations were frequently attributed to wrong dosage.

PMID- 970597
TI  - [Cardiovascular changes caused by atropine in normo- and hypothermic
      methoxyflurane anaesthesia (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors examined in 25 patients, of which 15 were normo- and 10 in
      hypothermic, the cardiovascular effects of 1 mg atropine i.v. In normothermia the
      heart rate increased significantly from 100 to 110 beats/min after atropine. At
      the same time the stroke index and stroke work decreased significantly. The mean
      arterial pressure, the heart index, the left ventricular minute- and stroke work
      and the total peripheral resistance did not change. In two patients with an
      arteriovenous fistula and hypervolaemia, the atropine injection caused an
      increased of heart- and stroke index. Arrhythmias did not occur after atropine.
      In hypothermia on the other hand atropine was shown to have no effect on heart
      frequency and all other examined parameters. In one patient in which the P-R
      interval was shortened, the atropine injection was followed by an total atrio
      ventricular block. The authors cannot recommend atropine therapy in cases of
      hypothermic bradycardia, because of its lack of effect on the heart rate in
      hypothermia.

PMID- 970598
TI  - [Central venous pressure and blood circulation in orthostatic by changes of the
      total blood volume in postoperative patients (author's transl)].
AB  - In 13 postoperative patients (1st to 9th day) of both sexes, aged 32 to 74, we
      studied whether an additional volume of 500 ml Haemaccel might demonstrate-as in
      earlier test series--a correlation between CVP measured in the horizontal
      position and changes of CVP and Pa measured at atrial level in a partly upright
      position (tilting angle 45 degrees and 60 degrees of the revolving bed). After
      volume administration (average: 8.13 ml/kg body weight) and raising of CVP in the
      horizontal by 3.42 cm H2O corresponding to an E'-value of 0.42 cm H2O/ml/kg body
      weight, we noticed a significant reduction of the decrease due to orthostasis as
      well of Pa at heart level as of the "shock index"; at the same time, however, the
      extent of the CVP decrease registered for all patients increased significantly
      regardless of tilting angle. Therefore, a correlation between the intravasal
      filling state and the reaction of orthostatic CVP and Pa may be assumed. In
      conclusion, the explanation for these results and the relation between the venous
      filling volume and some pathophysiological functions at the right heart are
      discussed.

PMID- 970599
TI  - [Serum concentrations of pancuronium in anuric patients (author's transl)].
AB  - After a single intravenous dose of 6 mg serum concentrations of pancuronium were
      measured in 6 anuric patients by means of the bromophenol blue colorimetric
      method at 1, 5, 45 min and 3 h. After 45 min and 3 h there was a retention of 1.7
      and 4 times the control values respectively. The prolongation of pancuronium
      induced muscular paralysis which has been demonstrated by other authors now can
      definitely be related to elevated serum concentrations of the active drug. The
      termination of muscle relaxation in anuric patients is considered merely to be
      due to redistribution of the drug from the motor end plates to non specific
      structures. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade may occur in as much as the
      redistribution mechanism is overloaded by inadequate doses.

PMID- 970600
TI  - [Diagnosis of acute acquired defects of coagulation and their therapy (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Simple coagulation tests, easily performed in every laboratory allowing diagnosis
      and differential diagnosis of acute acquired defects of coagulation are reported.
      The therapeutic possibilities and their practice are presented.

PMID- 970601
TI  - Preoperative haemoglobin levels.
AB  - It is a common practice in many anaesthetic centres throughout the world to
      require a minimum preoperative haemoglobin level of 10g/100 ml of blood or more,
      but very few references are quoted by writers on this subject. A search of
      relevant medical literature has been made in an attempt to establish the origin
      and significance of the preoperative haemoglobin requirements recommended.

PMID- 970602
TI  - Metabolism of enflurane in man following a second exposure.
AB  - A second administration of one half MAC enflurane for two hours one week
      following a previous identical exposure caused no increase in urinary inorganic
      Fluoride excretion (UFV). At this dosage of 1 MAC hour, which is equivalent to
      use as a supplement, UFV did not sub-anaesthetic doses of enflurane are
      administered at this time interval there appears to be no increased risk of
      nephrotoxicity. This study also provides strong support for the concept that drug
      metabolism is very reproducible within individuals but there is considerable
      variation between individuals. Since the subjects in this study were all of
      similar age, and drug free, the results are in keeping with recent twin studies
      which indicate that individual differences in drug metabolism are largely
      determined on a genetic basis.

PMID- 970603
TI  - The hypotensive effect of fresh lympholised plasma.
AB  - The hypotensive effort of fresh, lypholised plasma, both during and after
      cardiopulmonary bypass is demonstrated. It is postulated that the mediator is
      bradykinin, or one of its precursors.

PMID- 970604
TI  - Post-operative respiratory function: a ventilation-perfusion study.
AB  - Many studies have shown that after uncomplicated abdominal surgery arterial
      hypoxaemia frequently occurs because of regional underventilation in relation to
      perfusion. This paper produced evidence that shows a small increase in
      physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio following general anaesthesia for
      abdominal surgery. This increase is thought to be due to tachypnoea rather than
      alteration in pulmonary blood flow.

PMID- 970605
TI  - Use of an automated register in the administration of an operating theatre suite.
AB  - Slight modification of established recording practices is frequently all that is
      necessary to enable a computer to be used as a powerful and flexible
      administrative tool. The organization of an automated data processing system in a
      hospital operating theatre suite is outlined and discussed.

PMID- 970606
TI  - Thrombus formation on indwelling venous cannulae in sheep : effects of time, size
      and materials.
AB  - Three experiments were performed to measure thrombus formation on plastic
      cannulae inserted by cut-down into veins of sheep. On polyethylene tubing,
      considerable thrombus was present after one day and the amount increased in the
      subsequent 13 days. When different sized polyethylene tubings were tested,
      thrombus tended to form in relation to the surface area. Smaller tubings had
      smaller proportions of their lengths covered with thrombus. There were
      differences between types of plastics with one batch of polyvinylchloride tubing
      being virtually non-thrombogenic.

PMID- 970607
TI  - Measurement of thrombus formation on intravascular catheters.
AB  - Relative thrombogenicities of several brands of intravascular catheters were
      measured in the saphenous and cephalic veins of sheep. Differences in
      thrombogenicity between brands of up to eleven fold were found. At least one
      brand contained an ingredient which was locally toxic to sheep and which caused
      phlebitis in cannulated vessels. The brands tested were made from six types of
      plastics. It is suggested that differences in manufacturing technique may be more
      important than the type of plastic in determining the thrombogenicity of
      catheters.

PMID- 970608
TI  - Bicarbonate requirements during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: the relative
      effects of pulsatile flow.
AB  - An analysis of 541 patients having total body perfusion under hypothermia (30
      degrees-33 degrees C) showed that the use of pulsatile as against constant flow
      perfusion was not associated with a reduction in bicarbonate requirement, though
      the use of a vasodilator was. The implications of this are discussed.

PMID- 970609
TI  - Clinical evaluation of etidocaine in continuous caudal analgesia for pelvic floor
      repair and post-operative pain relief.
AB  - A randomized double-blind trial compared 1-0% etidocaine and 1-5% lignocaine
      (both with 1/200,000 adrenaline), for caudal anaesthesia for pelvic floor repair.
      Etidocaine was highly effective for the surgical procedure, with rapid onset of
      action, adequate muscle relaxation and longer duration of action. Its use for
      post-operative analgesia may be hindered by the concomitant immobilization of the
      legs. The problem of tachyphylaxis with etidocaine needs further investigation.

PMID- 970610
TI  - Bronchospasm associated with enflurane exposure--three case reports.
AB  - Three cases of severe bronchospasm occurring in known asthmatics following the
      administration of enflurance are described. Other commonly known causes of
      bronchospasm did not seem to be operative. Moderately high concentrations of
      halothane in the respired gases protected against the bronchospasm whereas a
      moderately high blood concentration did not. Although the authors have
      administered enflurane to other known asthmatics without producing bronchospasm,
      they feel it should be used with caution in such patients.

PMID- 970611
TI  - Intercostal block for post operative pain relief.
AB  - Intercostal nerve blocks with 0-5 per cent bupivicaine were used for post
      operative pain relief in 100 patients having upper abdominal operations. The
      blocks were very effective in 86 patients and had an average duration of 11
      hours. Two asymptomatic pneumothoraces occurred.

PMID- 970612
TI  - Head injury, spasticity, suxamethonium and hyperkalaemia.
AB  - Cardiac arrest due to hyperkalaemia following suxamethonium in a patient with
      generalized spasticity due to head injury is reported and discussed.

PMID- 970613
TI  - A comparative study of intravenous anaesthesia with thiopental versus althesin in
      outpatient dental practice.
AB  - Clinical effects of two intravenous anaesthetics--thiopental and althesin--were
      compared in a group of 160 outpatients. Each anaesthetic was used in 80 cases.
      The administration of these anaesthetics was preceded by an intravenous injection
      of fentanyl and atropine sulphate. Anaesthesia was carried out with the patient
      sitting in dental chair. The observations confirmed that this method of
      anaesthesia provides good conditions for carrying out minor dental operations and
      is safe for the patient, as evidenced by a negligible number of minor
      complications. A comparison of the results of clinical observations and
      gasometric determinations indicates that althesin is superior in outpatient
      practice to thiopental. This simple and easy technique of anaesthesia without the
      necessity of using expensive apparatus should be widely introduced in outpatient
      practice.

PMID- 970614
TI  - The effect of methoxyflurane on certain renal function parameters.
AB  - In 43 patients the effect of low concentrations of methoxyflurane on the renal
      function was studied. The blood levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium and
      potassium, and specific weight of urine was determined. It was found that the
      anaesthetic technique used and methoxyflurane concentrations in the range of 0.2
      0.5 vol% caused no abnormalities in renal function. It seems that methoxyflurane
      in low concentrations (0.2-0.5 vol%) is the best method of anaesthesia with this
      agent, with the simultaneous use of a nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture and controlled
      ventilation.

PMID- 970615
TI  - Effect of endotracheal anaesthesia on the activity of lysosomal enzymes in
      peripheral blood granulocytes.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of endotracheal anaesthesia on
      the activity of lysosomal enzymes in peripheral blood granulocytes. The
      determinations were carried out before anaesthesia, after 1 hour of anaesthesia
      and 1 hour after awakening. The activity of lysosomal enzymes was assessed on the
      basis of the activity of marker-enzymes, i.e. acid phosphatase, acid protease and
      neutral protease. The lysosomal fraction was prepared by Choduker's method and
      the activity of lysosomal enzymes was calculated for 100 mug of protein. The
      obtained results showed a statistically not significant rise in the activity of
      these enzymes in the lysosomes during anaesthesia without a similar rise in the
      supernatant. The activity of marker enzymes in lysosomes rose to the initial
      values after the awakening of patients. Such rapid changes in the activity of
      lysosomal enzymes seem to depend mainly on the mobilization of the reserve pool
      of granulocytes from other sources than the peripheral blood and, to a lesser
      extent, on latency and stabilization of lysosomal membranes by anaesthetic agents
      used in correctly conducted anaesthesia.

PMID- 970616
TI  - Plasminogen activators and urokinase inhibitors in the lungs of foetuses and
      newborns.
AB  - The concentrations of plasminogen activators and urokinase inhibitors were
      determined in histological sections of 87 foetuses and newborns. It was found
      that urokinase inhibitors are a constant component of lung tissue in foetuses in
      the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and in newborns. With progressing
      maturation of foetuses the concentration of urokinase inhibitors diminishes and,
      as a rule, the concentration of inhibitors is scores of times higher than that of
      activators.

PMID- 970617
TI  - Studies of blood clotting system during dissociative anaesthesia with ketamine.
AB  - The effect of ketamine administered to 20 rabbits in a single dose and in
      fractionated doses on the blood clotting system was studied. The following blood
      clotting indices were determined: thrombelastography (TEG), plasma thrombin time,
      platelet count, euglobulin lysis time. No statistically significant differences
      were observed in the activity of clotting and fibrinolysis systems in the group
      of animals receiving a single dose of ketamine and in the group receiving
      fractionated doses. The obtained results suggest that ketamine as an agent used
      for dissociative anaesthesia can be administered safely in serious conditions
      associated with disturbances in the haemostasis system.

PMID- 970618
TI  - Assessment of acupuncture as a method of analgesia during operation.
AB  - The authors evaluated the method of acupuncture used for analgesia in various
      types of minor and major surgical operations in patients not previously tested
      for determination of susceptibility for this method. The report is a preliminary
      communication. For major operations the patients received premedication and
      during the operation they received additional local or general analgesics. Out of
      13 patients in various age groups 5 evaluated this analgesia as very good and in
      3 cases the degree of analgesia obtained was not sufficient to perform the
      operation. The authors regard that acupuncture has found its main application
      principally in the treatment of chronic pain, while as a method of analgesia for
      surgical operations it has many disadvantages and requires further experiences.
      The authors observed also certain features of acupuncture analgesia not observed
      in conventional methods of nerve conduction blockade, which may contribute to the
      explanation of the mechanism of acupuncture.

PMID- 970619
TI  - A simple device designed to protect operating theatres against atmospheric
      pollution by volatile anaesthetics.
AB  - The authors worked out and applied a new device of positive pressure valve
      encased in the rebreathing circuit and one-way Ruben's valve, as well as a
      modification of Rees's system making it possible to conduct excess gases
      containing anaesthetics outside the operating theatre. These devices and
      modifications are completely reliable owing to their simplicity and their
      construction is cheap. They effectively reduce the degree of atmospheric
      pollution in the operating theatre with anaesthetics used in inhalation
      anaesthesia. They may be applied to every type of apparatus used for general
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 970620
TI  - Anaesthesia for operation of traumatic heart tamponade. A case report.
AB  - The authors report a case of myocardial stab wound followed by shock and symptoms
      of heart tamponade. Following a discussion on the haemodynamic aspects of this
      disease entity and description of the case the authors analize the most essential
      elements of general anaesthesia in such conditions.

PMID- 970621
TI  - Spirometric, gasometric and electrocardiographic studies in patients with extreme
      obesity prepared for surgical treatment.
AB  - Spirometric, gasometric and electrocardiogarphic studies were carried out in 17
      patients at rest, who were treated surgically for extreme obesity (overweight
      from 52 to 175 per cent in relation to the normal weight). The measurements were
      made before operation. It was found that the mean spirometric values were within
      the range of acceptable deviations from  the normal value. The residual volume
      showed a tendency towards decreasing, especially in young patients. The values of
      dynamic parameters indicated a tendency towards ventilatory changes of a
      restrictive type in both groups. Minute ventilation at rest increased
      proportionally to obesity. Decreased values of respiratory equivalent indicated a
      good economy of respiration in obese persons when at rest. The mean gasometric
      values in capillary blood at rest were also within the acceptable range of
      abnormalities. Electrocardiographic tracings taken at rest showed considerable
      changes in the group of more obese persons.

PMID- 970622
TI  - Ketamine used for anaesthesia in children for pneumoencephalography.
AB  - Ketamine was given together with premedication (droperidol + pethidine +
      atropine) for general anaesthesia in 36 children during pneumoencephalography.
      Most children (26) had epilepsy. No significant cardiovascular and respiratory
      disturbances were observed during and after anaesthesia. This proposed method of
      anaesthesia in children is sufficient for short-lasting diagnostic procedures,
      particularly for pneumoencephalography.

PMID- 970623
TI  - The usefulness of Resusci-Anne manikin in teaching modern methods of
      resuscitation.
AB  - From experiences gained during the training of personnel the authors evaluate the
      effectiveness of teaching the principles of modern methods of resuscitation. They
      concluded that there are no essential differences in the preparation of carrying
      out resuscitation precedures between laymen and medical personnel. It is
      necessary to organize refreshing courses periodically. The Recording Resusci-Anne
      manikin with a device controlling the correctness of resuscitation procedures has
      been found to be an indispensable training aid in teaching the principles of
      resuscitation.

PMID- 970624
TI  - A case of malignant hyperthermia during epidural analgesia.
AB  - Malignant hyperthermia syndrome developed during epidural analgesia in 25-year
      old female to be operated on for haemorrhoidal varices. After premedication with
      diazepam and atropine epidural analgesia was started with lidocaine 300 mg and
      bupivacaine 50 mg. Signs and symptoms of malignant hyperthermia syndrome appeared
      30 min. later, with muscle rigidity, hyperpyrexia 41.5degrees C, and loss of
      consciousness. Treatment alleviating the syndrome was applied as indicated in
      this complication. Full recovery was obtained.

PMID- 970625
TI  - The effect of dissociative anaesthesia with ketamine on the activity of lysosomal
      enzymes in peripheral blood granulocytes of guinea pigs.
AB  - The effect of ketamine on the activity of lysosomal enzymes in peripheral blood
      granulocytes was studied in guinea pigs. Ketamine was given intramuscularly in
      one single dose, in divided doses and in long-term administration (repeatedly)
      for 14 days. The blood for determination was obtained from the heart, the
      lysosomes were prepared by the Chodirker's method determining the activity of
      marker enzymes: acid phosphatase, acid protease and neutral protease, in the
      obtained fractions. No statistically significant differences were found in the
      activity of lysosomal enzymes in the studied groups. The results obtained point
      out the usefulness of ketamine in severe conditions associated with significant
      catabolic changes in the organism.

PMID- 970626
TI  - The influence of upper respiratory tract receptors stimulation on the respiration
      and heart action in rats.
AB  - 1. Stimulation of the upper respiratory tract with water releases reflex
      respiratory arrest and very marked bradycardia due to conduction and impulse
      generation disturbances in the heart accompanied by ventricular
      hyperexcitability. 2. Asphyxia causes bradycardia as a result of an inhibition of
      sinus node and the development of vicarious rhythms with excessive ectopic
      ventricular excitability. The intensity and duration of bradycardia during
      asphyxia are less than during water stimulation of airways. 3. Urethane
      anaesthesia did not prevent the development of the above described changes
      appearing during stimulation of the upper airways while topical analgesia with
      lidocaine completely prevented their appearance. The observations seem to suggest
      that for safety, surgical treatment in the upper airways should be done under
      analgesia of the respiratory mucosa. 4. The mechanism of the development of these
      changes seems to depend mainly on nervous and humoral factors, although the
      influence of other factors cannot be excluded. 5. Reflex changes in the action of
      the heart caused by water stimulation of the upper airways may be one of
      important components of the complex physiopathological process leading to death
      in drowning persons.

PMID- 970627
TI  - Pathomorphology of lungs and heart in experimental prolonged hypoxia.
AB  - The authors carried out morphological examinations of lungs and heart in 20 days
      with prolonged hypoxia caused by surgical subglottic stenosis of the trachea by
      50%. The studies showed that 30 and 60 days after the onset of hypoxia changes
      such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis developed in the lungs showing an
      increasing tendency, while in the myocardium microgranular disintegration and
      fatty infiltration of muscle fibres with simultaneous disappearance of glycogen
      was seen in the first period-after 30 days - while later, after 60 days fibrosis
      developed.

PMID- 970628
TI  - Determination of subnanogram amounts of fluoride with the fluoride electrode.

PMID- 970629
TI  - Rotating ring-disk enzyme electrode for surface catalysis studies.

PMID- 970630
TI  - Determination of total estrogen in urine with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone
      hydrazone.

PMID- 970632
TI  - Gas chromatographic separation of lower aliphatic amines.

PMID- 970631
TI  - Gas liquid chromatographic determination of therapeutic and toxic levels of
      amitriptyline in human serum with a nitrogen-sensitive detector.

PMID- 970633
TI  - Determination of anhydrotetracyclines in tetracycline by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 970634
TI  - Determination of p-aminobenzoic acid by room temperature solid surface
      phosphorescence.

PMID- 970635
TI  - Determination of low concentrations of hydrogen chloride in moist air.

PMID- 970636
TI  - High speed ion exchange chromatography of proteins.

PMID- 970637
TI  - Determination of 5-trans-prostaglandin E2 in prostaglandin E2 via high
      performance liquid chromatography of their p-nitrophenacyl esters on a silver ion
      loaded cation exchange resin.

PMID- 970638
TI  - Pre-column reactions to eliminate interferents in the liquid chromatographic
      analysis of p-hydroxybenzoates in complex pharmaceuticals.

PMID- 970639
TI  - Gas chromatographic quantitation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco
      smoke.

PMID- 970640
TI  - Determination of chromium in human blood serum by gas chromatography with a
      microwave excited emission detector.

PMID- 970641
TI  - Determination of theophylline in plasma by electron capture gas chromatography.

PMID- 970642
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic evaluation and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometric
      application of new high-temperature liquid crystal stationary phases for
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon separations.

PMID- 970643
TI  - Characterization of sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds in carbon
      blacks.

PMID- 970644
TI  - Identification of trace organic compounds in tire manufacturing plant
      wastewaters.

PMID- 970645
TI  - Competitive protein binding assay for biotin monitored by chemiluminescence.

PMID- 970646
TI  - Detection of lead via lead-207m using cyclic activation and a modified sum
      coincidence system.

PMID- 970647
TI  - Diffusion sampling method for ambient aerosol size discrimination with chemical
      composition determination.

PMID- 970648
TI  - Colorimetric determination of thiamine propyl disulphide and thiamine disulphide
      in their respective pharmaceutical preparations.

PMID- 970649
TI  - Determination of nortriptyline in sugar-coated tablets by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 970650
TI  - Specific determination of testosterone in oily injections.

PMID- 970651
TI  - Computer-aided identification of powdered vegetable drugs.

PMID- 970652
TI  - Colorimetric determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical
      preparations.

PMID- 970653
TI  - Chromatographic determination of promethazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution.

PMID- 970654
TI  - Determination of polyoxyethylene in small amounts of non-ionic detergents by
      hydrogen bromide fission followed by gas chromatography.

PMID- 970655
TI  - Determination of pesticides by derivative formation. Part IV A Sensitive gas
      chromatographic method for the determination of MCPA and MCPB herbicides after
      esterification with 1-bromomethyl-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene.

PMID- 970656
TI  - Determination of a non-volatile nitrosamine by using denitrosation and a
      chemiluminescence analyser.

PMID- 970657
TI  - Determination of bismuth in blood and urine.

PMID- 970658
TI  - A scanning electron microscope study of the interstitial tissue of the canine
      testis.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a potent tool that is especially valuable
      in interpreting the three-dimensional relationships of cells within tissues. This
      type of information is obtainable from thin sections in transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM) only by reconstructions of serial sections. The arrangement of
      the interstitial cells of the testis in relation to the capillaries and lymphatic
      channels, in particular, is easier to visualize in SEM than in TEM. Cytoplasmic
      constituents, as well as cell surface modifications, are demonstrable by this
      technique. The presence of droplets, presumably lipid droplets, both within and
      on the Leydig cells and the lymphatic endothelial cells, is quite evident. Other
      cytoplasmic structures are also apparent. For example, the possible functional
      significance of "openings" that are seen by SEM on the septa that surround lipid
      droplets is discussed relative to the appearance of the same area as seen in thin
      sections or in freeze-fracture replicas. SEM should become a very useful method
      for studying cytological and morphological alterations that occur in testicular
      tissue that is subjected to physical or chemical manipulation.

PMID- 970659
TI  - The postnatal development of the junctional complexes of the mouse Sertoli cells
      as revealed by freeze-fracture.
AB  - Mouse testes of newborn to adult were examined by freeze-fracture. Between the
      newborn Sertoli cells, gap junctions consisting of aggregations of the
      intramembranous particles (about 8 nm in diameter) are frequently found. Some of
      the junctions are about 1 mum in diameter and show particle-free regions in the
      aggregation. Linear arrangements of a few particles, which appear to be the
      initial formation of the occluding junctions, are seen in the newborn sertoli
      cells. The occluding junctions are arranged in a meshwork, in which the gap
      junctions are situated between the stages of newborn to six days of age. The
      particles of the occluding junctions are predominantly located on the B face in
      the center of the groove instead of the A face of the ridge. The occluding
      junctions do not appear to surround the entire circumference of the Sertoli cell
      of the 6-day-old mouse. The gap junctions decrease in size. In later stages, many
      parallel occluding junctions (up to forty in number) are found over one Sertoli
      cell surface and are distributed circumferentially around the entire cell
      surface, indicating establishment of the blood-testis barrier. The occluding
      junctions dominate and the gap junctions diminish in number as development
      proceeds.

PMID- 970661
TI  - Liver hepatocyte mitotic activity after a single injection of phenobarbital in
      immature male rats.
AB  - In contrast to multiple injections of phenobarbital, a single injection of 50
      mg/kg body wt of phenobarbital into immature male rats results, after a transient
      increase in hepatocyte mitotic activity, in a marked decrease in hepatocyte
      mitotic activity to below control levels by day 3, followed by a return to
      control levels by day 5. This unusual pattern of hepatocyte mitotic activity can
      be called fourth again by a second injection of 50 mg phenobarbital/kg body wt.
      However, a single injection of 50 mg/kg body wt of phenobarbital into immature
      male rats results in a pattern of change of liver wet weight, protein, and
      aminopyrine demethylase activity which is similar to that observed after multiple
      injections of phenobarbital, except that the changes are smaller in magnitude.
      Liver wet weight, protein, and aminopyrine demethylase activity increase and
      reach a peak within two days after phenobarbital injection, and then they return
      to control levels by five days. The same pattern of change in liver wet weight,
      protein, and aminopyrine demethylase activity can be elicited again by a second
      injection of 50 mg phenobarbital/kg body wt.

PMID- 970660
TI  - Parietal eye-pineal morphology in lizards and its physiological implications.
AB  - Pineal complexes in 85 species of lizards examined comprised seven morphological
      types. Members of the same family do not necessarily have the same pineal complex
      type. "Regressive" parietal eyes were not common except in certain arboreal
      lizards, primarily from the family Chameleontidae. The parietal eye is often
      retained in burrowing lizards, presumably because these animals are occasionally
      exposed to light and the parietal eye is a more suitable photoreceptor for a
      burrower than are lateral eyes. The pineal of certain lizards possesses a finger
      like projection that extends toward the parietal eye. This extension, along with
      pineal wall convolutions, results in more photoreceptor cells oriented for
      maximal absorption of light. It is rare to find convolutions and an extension in
      the same pineal. Cartilage deposits and blood sinuses may modify the intensity
      and wavelength of light reaching the pineal. These observations suggest that the
      intracranial pineal of lizards is a more important photoreceptor than was
      previously realized, a situation that may be a factor in the occasional "failure"
      of parietalectomy experiments.

PMID- 970662
TI  - [Ligation of the inferior vena cava in the treatment of recurrent pulmonary
      thromboembolism].

PMID- 970663
TI  - [Deep femoropopliteal bypass in the revascularization of the lower extremities].

PMID- 970664
TI  - [Vascular surgery under peridural anesthesia].

PMID- 970665
TI  - [Martorell's ulcer. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 970666
TI  - [Postrevascularization edema of the lower extremities].

PMID- 970667
TI  - [Report of a case of aorto-bifemoral bypass graft in a 75 year-old woman with a
      previous hysterectomy followed by irradiation].

PMID- 970668
TI  - [Biology of aortic grafts in animals on an atherogenic diet].

PMID- 970669
TI  - An IGG1 allotype in cattle.
AB  - This paper presents evidence for an IgG1 allotype detected by a sheep antibovine
      serum. The character which appears to be inherited in a simple Mendelian way has
      been named G1a1.

PMID- 970670
TI  - Studies on hemoglobin variants in Korean cattle.
AB  - 814 hemoglobin samples from Korean cattle were investigated by starch gel
      electrophoresis for the detection of hemoglobin variants. A new variant of cattle
      hemoglobin, called Hb, H, was recognized. It has a slower rate of migration than
      Hb A. Hemoglobin types from 814 Korean cattle were as follows: 652 of Hb AA type
      (80.1%), 133 of Hb AB (16.4%), 12 of Hb AC (1.5%), 9 of Hb BB (1.1%), 2 of Hb BC
      (0.2%), 4 of Hb AH (O.5%), 1 of Hb CH (0.1%), 1 of Hb HH (O.1%). These figures
      correspond to the frequencies: HbA = 0.893, HbB = 0.093, HbC = 0.009, HbH =
      0.004.

PMID- 970671
TI  - Blood groups and serum protein polymorphisms in the Pitman-Moore and Ohmini
      strains of miniature pigs.
AB  - The variations of blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms in the populations
      of the two miniature pig strains reared in Japan were investigated in this
      report. The variations in eight blood group systems were investigated by using
      serological techniques, and five serum protein systems by using starch gel
      electrophoresis. The Pitman-Moore strain showed no variations in K, O, Tf, Cp and
      Am systems, but showed plymorphisms in A,E,F,G,H,L,Pa and Hpx systems. The Ohmini
      strain showd no or little variations in E,F,G,Tf,Pa and Cp systems, but showed
      polymorphisms in A,H,K,L,O,Hpx and Am systems. From the results of investigation
      of genetic similarities among nine pig populations including various breeds, it
      was made clear that the two miniature pig strains were very different
      genetically, and the Pitman-Moore strain was genetically closer to European large
      pig breeds than to East Asian native pigs, while the Ohmini strain was close to
      Thai and Philippine natives.

PMID- 970672
TI  - Electrophoretic variation in intertidal and subtidal organisms in Puget Sound,
      Washington.
AB  - This paper presents information on the biochemical properties (via starch gel
      electrophoresis) of 26 marine species (15 fish and 11 invertebrates). Evidence is
      presented on 48 polymorphisms found in the 26 species. Estimates of the
      proportion of the genome heterozygous per individual per species were calculated
      and ranged from 0.000 to 0.176 for the invertebrates and from 0.000 to 0.074 for
      the fish species. Estimates of the percentage of loci polymorphic per species for
      invertebrates were 0 to 54%; for the fish species, the range was 0 to 20%.

PMID- 970673
TI  - Polymorphism of phosphoglucomutase in cattle leucocytes.
AB  - By menas of starch gel electrophoresis the polymorphism of the phospoglucomutase
      isozymes PGM1 has been investigated in cattle leucocytes. The phenotypess and
      allele frequencies of PGM1 are demonstrated in a series of 106 complete and 221
      incomplete families of "Deutsche Schwarzbunte". The segregation of the 327
      daughters' phenotypes agree with the formal genetic model of 2 codominant
      autosomal alleles. The observed heterozygous PGM1 type is more frequent in mating
      types and progenies as expected under equilibrium.

PMID- 970674
TI  - J blood group active lipoproteins extracted from bovine erythrocytes.
AB  - Ghosts of J-positive bovine erythrocytes were frozen overnight, thawed the next
      day, washed with ion-free water, and then extracted with a water-n-pentanol
      mixture. After centrifugation, the aqueous phase contained a great deal of the
      membrane proteins and lipids in a soluble form along with the J blood-group
      activity. After preparative ultracentrifugation, about 2/3 of the J activity were
      recovered in the high-density lipoprotein fraction, while the low-density
      lipoprotein fraction contained 1/3 J activity. This result is consistent with out
      finding that on treatment of the stroma lipoproteins with dextran sulphate, about
      2/3 of J activity were recovered in the supernatant, 1/3 in the precipitate.
      These fractions obtained by dextran sulphate treatment were characterized by
      protein and lipid assay.

PMID- 970675
TI  - A transferrin variant Tf I in crosses of the wild and domestic pigs.
AB  - In crosses of the wild pig (Sus scrofa attila Thomas) with the domestic pig a
      transferrin variant, Tf I, was detected, electrophoretic mobility of which was
      slightly faster than the mobility of the variant Tf A. From the results of starch
      gel electrophoresis, isolation, neuraminidase treatment, autoradiography, and
      genetic analysis of several families, it can be concluded that the Tf I variant
      is genetically controlled by the allele Tf1. Thus the number of alleles in the
      transferrin system of the pig has increased to six (Tf1, TfA, TfB, TfC, TfD and
      TfE).

PMID- 970676
TI  - Environmentally triggered thrombophlebitis.
AB  - Ten randomly selected patients with recurrent non-traumatic thrombophlebitis of
      unknown etiology were studied using a comprehensive environmental control method.
      All cleared their phlebitis without medications. Using withdrawal and challenge
      of incitants, eight of 10 patients had their phlebitis reproduced. The numerous
      single triggering agents were common-place inhaled and ingested foods and
      chemicals.

PMID- 970677
TI  - Hypersensitivity as a cause of dermatologic and vaginal moniliasis resistant to
      topical therapy.
AB  - The finding of multiple respiratory or skin allergies together with a high rate
      of improvement by desensitization leads the author to conclude that allergy is a
      predisposing factor for the chronicity or recurrence of vaginal or dermatologic
      moniliasis. Desensitization with Candida albicans antigen was the mainstay in the
      treatment of resistant dermatologic or vaginal moniliasis and the sole form of
      therapy in cases of nail involvement with deep seated lesions out of the reach of
      topical agents.

PMID- 970678
TI  - High risk factors for childhood asthma.
AB  - Comparing school age asthmatic and non-asthmatic children from strongly allergic
      families, who contracted atopic dermatitis in early infancy, the following
      findings in the asthmatic boys emerged: a lower standard of education of their
      mothers, persistence of the infantile eczema beyond the age of two and several
      psychological factors relating to the child, the mother and maternal
      grandparents.

PMID- 970679
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins in children with asthma associated with severe respiratory
      tract infections.
AB  - In a group of 25 selected children with asthma associated with repeated, severe
      respiratory tract infection, a high incidence of IgA deficiency and elevated IgE
      levels were found. This may be of importance in the evaluation of such patients.

PMID- 970680
TI  - Studies of atmospheric pollen in Tehran, Iran, 1974-75.
AB  - A Durham sampler was used to study atmospheric pollen in Tehran, 1974-75. More
      than 18 different pollens were identified and counted. Tree pollens were present
      from the first week of February to the second week of October. Grass pollens were
      seen from the first week of May to the middle of November. Weed pollens appeared
      in the middle of May and were present until the last week of December.
      Examination of 1,000 patient files indicated that the largest number of patients
      sought medical help during peaks of pollinations.

PMID- 970681
TI  - Acute respiratory failure secondary to indomethacin in an aspirin-intolerant
      asthmatic patient.

PMID- 970682
TI  - Letter: Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with levamisole.

PMID- 970683
TI  - Letter: Allergy injections.

PMID- 970684
TI  - Light a candle.
AB  - Numerous forces are presently deployed which threaten to produce largescale
      changes in medical practice and the systems of providing medical care. Some of
      these changes may be advantageous but others are likely to have deleterious
      effects on the quality of care, on the physician-patient relationnship and on the
      physician's freedom to practice as he sees fit. While certain of these pressures
      cannot be easily diverted, much can be accomplished with a modicum of effort to
      sway public opinion, the news media, the legislators and the bureaucratic
      regulation makers. Physicians, both individually and through their societies,
      must make this effort or suffer the pain of seeing immense decisions made without
      their leadership or intellectual guidance.

PMID- 970685
TI  - Respiratory mechanics during daily and alternate day corticosteroid therapy in
      asthma.
AB  - Changes in lung mechanics were measured in asthmatic adults before and after a 10
      day course of daily and a three-week course of alternate day adrenocortical
      steroid therapy. All patients improved after the 10 days of therapy. This
      response continued during the a.m. measurements on the alternate day regimen with
      further improvement through the afternoon of the treatment day. In the afternoon
      of the day off corticosteroid therapy there was a deterioration in flow rates.

PMID- 970686
TI  - Structural variations between pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas produced in
      rats by the injection of crocidolite asbestos.
AB  - The author studies the ultrastructure of pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas
      caused in the rat by the intra-pleural or intra-peritoneal injection of 25 mg of
      crocidolite. In the peritoneum the tumour is made up chiefly of "connective" type
      tissue with rare "epithelial" cells. In the pleura, the "epithelial" cells
      predominate, constituting vast vegetating "papillomatous" zones or "adenomatous"
      territories. The author recalls Willis' concept, and feels that mesothelial
      tumours in the rat, caused by asbestos, represent one aspect of the family of
      mesenchymatous tumours, with their ability to behave differently according to
      their site.

PMID- 970687
TI  - Tumours in experimental animals following exposure to asbestos dust.
AB  - The author summarises his research into experimental asbestos-related tumours. He
      notes in particular the inequality in carcinogenic power of different types of
      asbestos and the variations in the types of malignant tumour seen (carcinomas or
      mesotheliomas), according to the variety of asbestos used.

PMID- 970688
TI  - [The oncogenic effect of fibrous dust. Animal experiments and their relationship
      with human carcinogenesis].
AB  - The results after intraperitoneal injection of fibrous and granular dusts in rats
      suggest, that the fibrous shape of asbestos is the cause of its cancerogenicity.
      Fibrous dusts other than asbestos (for example glass fibers) may induce tumours,
      when their diameters are like that of asbestos and the fibres are invariable in
      tissue. It is supposed, that a fibre with a diameter less than 1 mum and a length
      greater than 3 mum has a cancerogenic effect. The interpretation of the
      experimental results considering the cancerogenesis in humans is discussed,
      especially concerning the effect of fibrous glass.

PMID- 970689
TI  - [Anatomopathologic study of 54 cases of diffuse pleural mesothelioma found in the
      harbor regions of Nantes, Saint-Nazaire and Lorient].
AB  - The study concerned the macroscopic and microscopic examination of 54 cases of
      diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Four points were felt to be of interest and
      worthy of emphasis: --the unilateral nature of the lesions, constant in this
      series; --the absence of involvement of other serous surfaces; --the tumour-like
      appearance of the disorder in 2/3 of cases and the appearance of a simple pachy
      pleuritis in 1/3; --from a histological standpoint, despite the morphological
      flexibility of the classically accepted mesothelial cells, the homogenicity of
      our group, in which tumour morphology was much more epithelial than histiocytic
      or connective.

PMID- 970690
TI  - [Peripheral airway obstruction in the course of occupational exposure to
      asbestos].
AB  - Typically, the functional abnormalities in individuals exposed to asbestos dust
      take the form of a pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, several authors have stressed
      the early existence of small airways obstruction. In the present study, by
      measurement of closing volume, we have confirmed an obstructive factor in a
      certain number of exposed subjects, even if they were non-smokers, i.e. had no
      other apparent reason for small airways disease.

PMID- 970691
TI  - [Asbestosis with sarcoid-like pulmonary lesions. A propos of one anatomoclinical
      case report].
AB  - A report of a clinico-pathological case of asbestosis with special histological
      lesions. The latter had a granulomatous appearance, progressing to fibrosis with
      Schaumann bodies organised around bodies with a ferruginous covering, apparently
      due to asbestosis. The histogenesis of the lesions is discussed, together with
      the need to take a precise professional history. The usefulness of certain simple
      methods of analysis is mentioned.

PMID- 970692
TI  - [Topographical variations of pulmonary and pleural asbestos fiber concentrations
      in variously exposed subjects].
AB  - The authors study three groups of subjects with different exposures to asbestos
      dust. The lung content in asbestos fibres is measured by optical and electron
      microscopy, the latter technique revealing preferential concentration of asbestos
      fibres in the peripheral zones of the lung, in particular in individuals subject
      to a moderate degree of professional exposure.

PMID- 970693
TI  - Chemical suppression of the symptoms of two virus diseases.

PMID- 970694
TI  - [Activity of blood somatomedin during childhood in normal subjects and in delayed
      growth].
AB  - A hundred sera from children, were used to evaluate normal levels of somatomedin
      activity and pathological levels. The results showed that the level of this
      activity in the blood, rises gradually during infancy, to reach normal adult
      reference level by postulate, equal to 1. Although the values are widely
      dispersed in each sample, the general phenomenon of their increase in infancy
      remains significant. The patients with somatotropin deficiency, have very low
      somatomedin values which become normal under the influence of injection of human
      growth hormone. A very unusual case is that of Laron's dwarfism with very high
      values of HGH in the plasma, and very low levels of somatomedin and, clinical and
      laboratory indifference to injections of exogenous HGH. The prospects of progress
      in the techniques of study of somatomedin will be of great service in the near
      future.

PMID- 970695
TI  - [Study of the specificity of action of cholesterol oxygen oxidoreductase on
      various sterols and related substances].
AB  - The authors studied the action of oxygen cholesterol oxidoreductase (E.C.
      1.1.3.6) extracted from Nocardia erythropolis on different sterols following
      simultaneously:--the disappearance of the substrate by chromatography on thin
      layers of silic acid, the formation of hydrogen peroxide by Roschlau's reaction,
      changes in the absorption spectrum between 220 and 320 nm. The results obtained
      show that sterol oxidase presents a broad spectrum of activity. It catalyses the
      transformation into ketone of the secondary alcohol group at the 3 beta position
      of sterols which possess in the C17 position a lateral chain of at least two
      carbon atoms. In the other hand, the reaction does not take place if there exists
      in the C5 position, an H in the cis position or if two hydrogen atoms linked to
      carbon 4 are substituted. Finally, only oxidation products derived from sterols
      possess a double bond situated in the 4-5 or 5-6 position presenting an
      absorption band between 240 and 250 nm.

PMID- 970696
TI  - [Micromethod of diazepam determination in the blood by gas-liquid chromatography.
      Application in neonatal pharmacology].
AB  - We propose a micromethod of diazepam determination on 0,1 ml of whole blood. The
      extraction is made with n-heptane for the isolation of diazepam in presence of
      principal metabolites. For the usual concentrations, the precision is about 3 per
      cent; at the detection limite, 0,05 mug/ml, it is about 20 per cent. With this
      method we studied the pharmacokinetics of diazepam in neonate with convulsive
      diseases in comparison with electroencephalogram.

PMID- 970697
TI  - [Simple and totally automatic continuous flow technic for the determination of
      triglycerides in the blood].
AB  - The author describes a simple and entirely automatic technique for the estimation
      of triglycerides in human serum which, in acetic medium, are extracted by a
      mixture of nonane-isopropanol and saponified. The glycerol is oxidised into
      formaldehyde which is estimated by fluorimetry after Hantzsch' reaction.
      Successive stages are discussed together with the precision of the method. The
      results are in agreement with those obtained by Kessler and Lederer's method.

PMID- 970698
TI  - [5 minutes incubation for the radioimmunologic determination of
      somatomammotrophic chorionic hormone].
AB  - A radioimmunoassay procedure for human chorionic somatomammotrophin in indiluted
      plasma has been developed in which the incubation lasts only five minutes rather
      than one half hour to four days in the previously described methods. The values
      obtained had excellent correlation (p less than or equal to 0,001) with those
      obtained by a two-hours technique. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients
      of variation are respectively 7 percent and 11 percent. Twenty women at term
      showed human chorionic somatomammotrophin values of 7.5 +/- 2.5 mug/ml plasma
      (mean +/- SD).

PMID- 970699
TI  - [Automatic microdetermination of serotinin in capillary blood].
AB  - The authors describe an automatic fluorimetric micromethod based on the reaction
      of condensation of serotonin with orthophthaldialdehyde forming a fluorescent
      compound. This precise and sensitive method permits estimation of serotonin on
      microsamples. The results obtained on capillary blood are identical to those
      obtained on venous blood.

PMID- 970701
TI  - [Works and recommendations of commissions of the French Society of Clinical
      Biology. Nomenclature in clinical chemistry and hematology. Recommendations
      concerning sizes and units and laboratory results (document B, stage 3)].

PMID- 970700
TI  - [Enzymatic activity assays in the hepatic cell by mass fragmentography associated
      with gas-liquid chromatography].
AB  - The most generalized methods in enzymology are based on the quantitative assay of
      compounds, substrate or coenzyme, by spectrophotometry without any separation.
      Such a method is ruled out if the colorimetric reaction is not specific of the
      compound. In liver enzymology, aside the classical metabolic pathways, such
      assays are difficult to apply, especially when several metabolic steps are
      investigated. It is therefore necessary to use separative methods to isolate the
      metabolized substrate(s). For instance, the reductive catabolism of
      corticosterone leads to fourteen isomers (two dihydrocompounds, four
      tetrahydrocompounds and eight hexahydrocompounds) in which their respective
      productions are sex and age-linked. A position isomer of corticosterone, the 18
      hydroxy-11-deoxy-corticosterone, follows the same reductive route. In adrenals
      some reduced metabolites arise from these two steroid hormones and are age
      dependent. When such metabolites are amenable to volatilization for gas
      chromatography, the interfacing of the gas chromatograph to the mass spectrometer
      allows to identify each compound introduced in the spectrometer. Among the ions
      produced by fragmentation of a compound or of a family of compounds, several
      specific fragments can be selected to be monitored along the chromatographic run
      leading to mass peaks which are quantitatively proportional to the amount of
      compounds, as far as other foreign molecules do not contribute fo fragment
      productions. These methods called mass fragmentography or multiple ion detection,
      or selected ion monitoring, allow with the help of all the resources of gas
      chromatography such the derivatization of studied molecules with heavy isotope
      labeled reagents to use the same unlabeled derivatized molecules as carriers and
      internal standards at once. This method allows to quantitate at the level of the
      picomolecule or less. Examples will be given with the study of the metabolism
      hormone steroids and xenobiotic compounds by the liver and adrenals in the animal
      and by isolated liver and adrenal cell cultures.

PMID- 970702
TI  - [Spectrofluorometric determination of furosemide in biological fluids.
      Application to pharmaco- and biokinetic studies].
AB  - The present report describes spectrofluorimetric methods for evaluation of
      furosemide (a sulfamide diuretic derived from anthranilic acid) in plasma or
      urine. The availability of these methods is discussed. These methods can be used
      for pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies and sometimes resolution of
      therapeutic problems.

PMID- 970703
TI  - [Bacteroides fragilis. Its isolation and antibiotic sensitivity].
AB  - The authors chose the problem of the isolation of bacteroides fragilis in
      pathological samples to present a method of identification of strict anaerobic
      gram negative bacteria, suitable for use in a routine bacteriological laboratory.
      A selection of 20 strains led them to study the mean inhibitory concentration of
      these germs with regard to antibiotics. From this study, two groups were
      obtained: one of low activity, the other of greater activity in vitro, in which
      one may note certain tetracyclines, clindamycin and metronidazole.

PMID- 970704
TI  - [Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids studied by gas chromatography in the
      healthy adult: distribution of values].
AB  - The level of different urinary 17-ketosteroids were assayed using a method
      requiring an enzymatic hydrolysis and a solvolysis, a separation by gas
      chromatography on OV 225 (cyanopropylsilicone) and a detection by flame
      ionisation. The method has been discuted. Statistical study of the results
      obtained in 89 healthy and ambulatory subjects (divided in 4 groups according to
      sex and age) has shown a log-normal distribution of urinary excretions.

PMID- 970705
TI  - Case study. Pseudodivergence paralysis.

PMID- 970706
TI  - Case study. Traumatic bilateral lateral rectus muscle paresis vs traumatic cyclic
      esotropia.

PMID- 970707
TI  - Orthoptic treatment of surgical overcorrection.

PMID- 970708
TI  - Surgical correction of overcorrections in strabismus.

PMID- 970710
TI  - Sixth annual Richard G. Scobee Memorial Lecture. Some clinical implications of
      strabismic suppression scotoma.

PMID- 970709
TI  - The role of slipped and lost muscles in overcorrections in strabismus.

PMID- 970711
TI  - Relationship between amblyopia and the angle of strabismus.

PMID- 970712
TI  - Conventional occlusion in the older amblyope.

PMID- 970713
TI  - Results in the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia.

PMID- 970714
TI  - The monofixation syndrome: heterophoria and asthenopia.

PMID- 970715
TI  - Overcorrections in strabismus. Introduction.

PMID- 970716
TI  - Problems at the reading distance.

PMID- 970717
TI  - Stereoacuity, fusional amplitudes, and AC/A ratio in accommodative esotropia.

PMID- 970718
TI  - Unilateral high myopia in childhood: clinical characteristics and treatment.

PMID- 970719
TI  - The pediatric neuro-ophthalmology examination.

PMID- 970720
TI  - Prisms in the management of surgically overcorrected strabismus.

PMID- 970721
TI  - Effect of visual field defects on binocular single vision.

PMID- 970722
TI  - Comparison of accommodative and nonaccommodative targets for the assessment of
      ocular deviations.

PMID- 970723
TI  - Surgical treatment of cyclic esotropia.

PMID- 970724
TI  - Surgical correction of dissociated hyperdeviations.

PMID- 970725
TI  - Public and private science.

PMID- 970726
TI  - Impacts of the nuclear energy industry on human health and safety.

PMID- 970727
TI  - The American Lung Association: changing perspectives.

PMID- 970728
TI  - Respiratory function and symptoms in urban office workers in relation to oxidant
      air pollution exposure.
AB  - Similar populations of male and female office workers in San Francisco, which has
      little air pollution, and in Los Angeles, which experiences frequent
      photochemical smog episodes, were surveyed in an attempt to document excess
      respiratory symptoms and dysfunction in Los Angeles relatable to air pollution.
      Most results of forced expiratory tests, single-breath N2 tests, and
      questionnaire interviews did not differ significantly between cities. Los Angeles
      women reported nonpersistent cough and phlegm more often than did San Francisco
      women. Smokers in both cities showed increased functional abnormalities. These
      results suggested that Los Angeles oxidant exposure is far less significant than
      smoking as a risk factor in development of chronic respiratory disease in
      sedentary indoor workers in good general health. Oxidant exposure has not been
      ruled out as a significant risk to more heavily exposed on more highly
      susceptible persons.

PMID- 970729
TI  - Household aggregation of pulmonary function and chronic bronchitis.
AB  - Persons from 148 randomly selected households in an urban community were screened
      in their homes using a modified British Medical Research Council respiratory
      disease questionnaire and a portable spirometer. Analysis showed a significant
      tendency for chronic bronchitis to aggregate within households. Significant
      aggregation was observed for 1-sec forced expiratory volume, when measured as the
      per cent of the predicted value or as a score calculated from the data. The 1-sec
      forced expiratory volume was significantly correlated between siblings, but less
      clearly so between spouses. Correlation of 1-sec forced expiratory volume between
      mother and child appeared to be confounded by maternal smoking habits, an effect
      most notable between mothers and male offspring. The 1-sec forced expiratory
      volume of fathers was significantly correlated with that of their children,
      especially female children, an effect that appeared to be independent of smoking
      habits.

PMID- 970730
TI  - Inhaled and oral salbutamol in exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - Twenty-one asthmatic patients participated in a single blind, crossover study
      comparing the effects of aerosol and oral salbutamol (a beta-adrenergic
      bronchodilator), on exercise-induced bronchospasm. By both routes of
      administration, salbutamol (albuterol) produced significant bronchodilatation at
      rest, but only the aerosol effectively prevented post-exercise bronchospasm in
      most patients. Because exercise-induced bronchospasm is a common problem in
      children and adults with asthma, these observations are relevant to the drug
      therapy of these patients. The existence of separate mechanisms for
      bronchodilatation and the prevention of exercise-induced asthma is postulated. It
      is possible that differing tissue concentrations of salbutamol are responsible
      for the observed differences between the 2 routes of administration.

PMID- 970731
TI  - Frequency dependence of total respiratory resistance in early airway disease.
AB  - Patients who develop frequency dependence of lung compliance will theoretically
      have frequency dependence of pulmonary resistance. We investigated the ability of
      the simpler, noninvasive measurement of frequency dependence of total respiratory
      resistance to identify subjects with frequency dependence of compliance. Ten
      healthy nonsmokers, 14 asymptomatic smokers, and 6 patients with obstructive
      airway disease were studied. Frequency dependence of total respiratory resistance
      was determined by the superimposed oscillating airflow technique at 3 to 9 cycles
      per sec, and frequency dependence of lung compliance was determined by
      measurements at 10 to 80 breaths per min. Spirometry, airway resistance, closing
      volume, and closing capacity were also measured. Frequency dependence of lung
      compliance and total respiratory resistance were closely correlated (P less than
      0.001, r = 0.82), but closing volume, closing capacity, spirometry, and airway
      resistance could not be used to identify subjects with abnormal frequency
      dependence of lung compliance. Measurements of frequency dependence of total
      respiratory resistance and lung compliance, total respiratory resistance at 3
      cycles per sec, and closing volume minus expiratory reserve volume were able to
      distinguish significantly between the smokers and the nonsmokers, but spirometry,
      closing volume, closing capacity, and airway resistance could not. These data
      indicate that in asymptomatic smokers and subjects with obstructive airway
      disease, frequency dependence of lung compliance can be predicted from
      measurements of frequency dependence of total respiratory resistance. These two
      tests appear to have equivalent sensitivity and selectivity in detecting the
      uneven time constants in the airways of asymptomatic smokers.

PMID- 970732
TI  - The response of asthmatic subjects to isoproterenol inhaled at differing lung
      volumes.
AB  - Asthmatics are usually instructed to use pressurized bronchodilator aerosols by
      delivering a bolus of drug at the beginning of a full inspiration. Because
      airways are better dilated near total lung capacity, the delivery of the drug
      near the end of a full breath might allow better penetration of particles into
      the lung and greater bronchodilatation. To test this hypothesis, 13 asthmatic
      subjects inhaled 400 mug of isoproterenol at 20 per cent (low) and at 80 per cent
      (high) vital capacity. The studies were done on 2 separate days when the severity
      of asthma was the same. Forced vital capacity, 1-sec forced expiratory volume,
      specific airway conductance and maximal flow at 50 per cent of viral capacity
      were measured at frequent intervals after drug administration. Ten min after drug
      delivery, there was a significantly greater (P less than 0.05) improvement in 1
      sec forced expiratory volume after the drug was inhaled at the high lung volume
      compared to the response after delivery at the low lung volume. The differences
      in forced vital capacity, specific conductance, and maximal flow at 50 per cent
      of vital capacity were not significant. We concluded that inhaling a
      bronchodilator drug at the end of a full inspiration causes relatively greater
      bronchodilatation than inhaling the same dose at the beginning of inspiration.

PMID- 970733
TI  - Inhaled atropine sulfate: dose response characteristics.
AB  - Inhaled atropine sulfate is a bronchodilator in man, but its efficacy and optimal
      dosage are still unknown. In the current study, the dose-response characteristics
      of this agent were examined in 20 children with chronic perennial asthma, using
      maximal expiratory flow-volume curves. Inhaled drug was delivered in incremental
      doses of 0.005 to 0.1 mg per kg. A peak action of atropine on the maximal flow
      after exhalation of 50 per cent of the forced vital capacity was seen 1 hour
      after inhalation; significant bronchodilatation was observed for as long as 300
      min, depending on the dose. A plateau was observed in the dose-response curve in
      the dose range, 0.05 to 0.1 mg per kg. Changes in the maximal expiratory flow
      after exhalation of 75 per cent of the forced vital capacity paralleled those in
      the maximal expiratory flow after exhalation of 50 per cent of the forced vital
      capacity. Specific conductance significantly increased, and the ratio of residual
      volume to total lung capacity significantly decreased in 10 patients examined. In
      no case could the observed increases in flows be explained by the patient's
      breathing at a higher lung volume. Considerable intersubject variation was found
      in the effects of a given dose of atropine. This may be explained by variations
      in baseline flows. It was concluded that atropine sulfate by inhalation is an
      effective bronchodilator in children with severe asthma and that reported
      variations in its efficacy may be related to inadequate dosage.

PMID- 970734
TI  - Carbon dioxide response lines in young adults: the limits of the normal response.
AB  - Carbon dioxide responsiveness was determined in 126 normal, young adults. The
      mean +/- SE slope of the line relating PCO2 to minute volume of ventilation was
      2.60 +/- 0.107 liter per min-mm Hg. Although a wide range of responses was noted,
      80 percent of the subjects had a value for the slope between 1.5 and 5.0 liter
      per min - mm Hg, with 16.6 per cent having values lying below and 4 per cent
      above this range. Women were significantly less responsive than men. Low, but
      significant, correlations were found between the slope and vital capacity, and
      between the slope and maximal breathing capacity, but not between the slope and
      height, weight, age, or smoking habits. Additional findings included an increase
      in the slope with prolonged rebreathing, possibly due to a peripheral
      chemoreceptor effect; absence of metabolic acidosis during 4 min of rebreathing;
      excellent short-term reproducibility of results in 111 subjects; and good longer
      term reproducibility in most of 10 subjects retested 9 to 24 months later.

PMID- 970735
TI  - Respiratory abnormalities and ventilatory capacity in a Papua New Guinea Island
      community.
AB  - On Karkar Island, off the coast of Papua New Guinea, 87 per cent of the 1,026
      resident adults of 3 villages were surveyed for respiratory abnormalities. The
      prevalence of abnormalities suggestive of chronic lung disease was similar for
      each sex and increased with age. After 35 years of age, the combined rates were:
      adventitious breath sounds, 29 per cent; positive loose cough sign, 33 per cent;
      chronic cough, 11 per cent; and shortness of breath on exertion, 12 per cent. All
      of these abnormalities were associated with an obstructive ventilatory defect.
      Smoking began in late adolescence and was established in more than 90 per cent of
      both sexes by 25 years of age. Most persons smoked a home-grown variety of
      Nicotiana tabacum. The nonsmoking group was too small to allow adequate
      comparison; but among smokers, inhalation was related to both respiratory
      abnormalities and reduced lung function. The prevalence of respiratory
      abnormalities appeared to be at least as high as in some developed western
      societies, despite the fact that smoking habits resembled those of cigar smokers
      elsewhere, and that atmospheric and occupational exposures were absent. Among
      persons more than 35 years of age, 4 per cent had a history of pulmonary
      tuberculosis, and 5 per cent showed evidence of localized lung disease in a 70-mm
      chest radiograph. The predominant condition resembled the chronic nonspecific
      lung disease of developed societies. Unless this population is unusually
      susceptible to the effect of cigar-type smoking, other etiologic factors must be
      considered. These might include repeated acute chest infections, the indirect
      effects of pulmonary tuberculosis, larval migrations of intestinal parasites, or
      impaired host response as a result of poor nutrition. A wide spectrum of severity
      coexisted with a uniform environment and smoking pattern, which suggests that
      individual susceptibility is important.

PMID- 970736
TI  - Bird breeder's hypersensitivity pneumonitis: progress studies of lung function
      after cessation of exposure to the provoking antigen.
AB  - Lung function and immunologic studies have been performed in 9 patients with bird
      breeder's hypersensitivity pneumonitis at the time of diagnosis and at intervals
      from 8 to 30 months after they ceased exposure to the provoking antigen. All 9
      patients had evidence of small airway obstruction at the time of diagnosis.
      Complete recovery of lung function occurred in 4 patients. The other 5 all had
      evidence of interstitial damage; 3 of them had progressive increase in the degree
      of airway obstruction, and one had progressive loss of elastic recoil. The
      patients were nonsmokers, and these progressive changes could not be explained by
      occult exposure to antigen because the tests of immunologic sensitivity to
      relevant avian antigens became negative. Neither the nature or degree of lung
      function abnormality nor the form of clinical presentation was related to the
      development of residual damage. The period of exposure to antigen after symptoms
      developed and the age of the patient appeared to be the most important factors
      determining recovery of lung function.

PMID- 970737
TI  - Study of the surface secretion of the bronchiole using radioautography.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to obtain further information regarding the
      chemical nature and cell of origin of the surface secretion of the bronchiole
      using radioautography after the injection of labeled leucine, glucosamine,
      galactose. Rat lungs were perfused with mammalian Ringer's solution with added
      albumin. A 10-min pulse of L-leucine labeled with hydrogen-3 was administered,
      followed by perfusion with nonradioactive solution for 15 min to 4 hours. Similar
      studies were performed with [3H] glucosamine and [3H] galactose. Heavy labeling
      of the Clara cells of bronchioles was obtained after injection of [3H] L-leucine.
      Labeling of alveolar wall cells was also obtained. Labeling of the surface of the
      bronchiole was much heavier than the labeling of the surface of the alveoli. No
      specific labeling of bronchiolar cells was obtained with [3H] glucosamine and
      [3H] galactose. The results provide added evidence for the protein nature of the
      surface layer of the bronchiole and for the Clara cell as its cell of origin.

PMID- 970738
TI  - Multifocal tuberculosis of the ribs: a rare presentation in this era.

PMID- 970739
TI  - Lung volumes and compliance in myasthenia gravis and reversible airway
      obstruction.
AB  - A patient with myasthenia gravis, reversible airway obstruction, and a vertical
      chest wall pressure-volume curve was shown to inflate his lungs to 12 liter
      during the night. During the day, either spontaneously or after isoproterenol,
      his functional residual capacity decreased by more than 2 liter. The large lung
      volume changes occurred without a change in slope of the static pressure-volume
      curve of the lung above functional residual capacity. The changes in the position
      of this curve might be due to the the very slow filling and emptying of bullae or
      to unexplained alterations in the length-tension characteristics of the alveoli.
      The vertical pressure-volume curve of the chest wall suggested that, unlike other
      patients who have normal or decreased chest wall compliance, this patient's chest
      wal was not a factor that limited ventilation at high lung volumes.

PMID- 970740
TI  - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy: monitoring oxygenation with ear oximetry.

PMID- 970741
TI  - Effect of helium on maximal expiratory flow in patients with asthma.

PMID- 970742
TI  - Of guinea pigs and men. The 1976 J. Burns Amberson Lecture.

PMID- 970743
TI  - Postoperative impairment of mucous transport in the lung.
AB  - Impairment of mucous transport is considered significant to the postoperative
      development of atelectasis, but the association has never beed demonstrated in
      humans. Tantalum powder, which adheres to airway mucus, can be used to study
      mucociliary transport. The postoperative clearance of insufflated tantalum powder
      (mean diameter, 2.5 mum) was investigated in 25 patients. Eighteen patients
      underwent intra-abdominal vascular surgery and 7 undersent lower-extremity
      orthopedic procedures. At the completion of surgery, tantalum was insufflated
      into both lungs of each patient to outline a representative sample of airways
      from the trachea to the small bronchi. Tantalum clearance was evaluated from
      serial radiographs obtained immediately after  insufflation, at approximately 6,
      18, 26, and 48 hours later, and thereafter whenever appropriate. In the 7
      orthopedic patients, clearance of tantalum was progressive and usually complete
      within 48 hours. Atelectasis did not occur in this group. In 14 of the 18
      patients who had abdominal surgery, mucociliary clearance was markedly abnormal
      in that tantalum was retained for up to 6 days. Pooling of tantalum-labeled mucus
      occurred in dependent bronchi in 16 of these 18 patients. Pooling preceded and
      always accompanied radiographically visible atelectasis. Lobar atelectasis
      occurred in 6 patients and segmental atelectasis in 8. Tantalum-labeled mucus
      moved peripherally in atelectatic lobes or segments and was retained in these
      bronchi until re-expansion took place. Thus, impaired ciliary function and mucous
      transport are associated with and implicated in postoperative pulmonary
      atelectasis.

PMID- 970744
TI  - Acute coccidioidal pleural effusion.
AB  - Acute coccidioidal pleural effusions were studied in 28 patients. Coccidioidal
      pleural effusion appeared to be secondary to direct spread of contigous
      parenchymal infection, rather than to hematogenous dissemination, in more than 90
      per cent of these patients. Only 2 of 28 patients had the concomitant development
      of disseminated infection, and both patients possessed factors known to
      predispose to dissemination. Because of the excellent prognosis in most patients,
      therapy in patients with coccidioidal pleural effusion should be expectant. This
      is true even when substantial increases occur in complement fixation titers; such
      elevations were frequent in this series. Cultures of pleural  biopsy specimens
      were the most rewarding cultural source in this series, being positive in all 8
      patients in whom such biopsy specimens were cultured. Dermal hypersensitivity,
      including erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme, was commin in patients whose
      clinical course was uncomplicated.

PMID- 970745
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: evidence of capillary basement membrane
      abnormality.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of a lung biopsy obtained from a child in the
      active stage of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis disclosed prominent changes in
      the basement membrane of alveolar capillaries. Review of the pertinent literature
      showed that a structural defect of lung capillary walls in this disease has been
      proposed in the past mainly on theoretic grounds but not adequately documented at
      the ultrastructural level. Concentric multilayering of pulmonary capillary basal
      lamina, one of the changes observed in our material, is a rare phenomenon in this
      location, although one that has been well described in extrapulmonary
      microcirculatory beds and is probably a nonspecific reaction to vascular injury.
      The conceptual difficulties attending a definition of idiopathic pulmonary
      hemosiderosis are breifly discussed.

PMID- 970746
TI  - High-dose ethambutol: its role in intermittent chemotherapy. A six-year study.
AB  - The outcome of 81 patients receiving supervised ambulatory treatment with twice
      weekly isoniazid and ethambutol is reported. The patients were divided into 2
      groups, one of which received its entire outpatient treatment with isoniazid and
      ethambutol, the other receiving isoniazid and ethambutol after initial treatment
      with isoniazid and streptomycin. In both groups, there was a 100 per cent
      favorable response at completion of therapy and no relapes detected among those
      patients followed after treatment. We compared our results with other studies of
      intermittent-supervised therapy and concluded that twice-weekly isoniazid and
      ethambutol given up to 18 months after an adequate phase of daily treatment is a
      highly effective and well-tolerated regimen.

PMID- 970747
TI  - A comparison of pulmonary function in male smokers and nonsmokers.
AB  - Results of certain tests of pulmonary function, including a questionnaire, single
      breath N2 test of closing capacity, forced expiration, and diffusing capacity
      were significantly different in groups of male smokers and nonsmokers. The
      influence of age on these smoking-related changes of pulmonary function was
      evaluated. The analyses indicated that (1) some tests including number of
      symptoms; closing capacity, i.e., closing volume plus residual volume as a
      percentage of total lung capacity; residual volume as a percentage of total lung
      capacity; Phase III of the single-breath N2 test, and steady-state diffusing
      capacity (ml of CO/mm Hg - min) revealed significant differences between adjusted
      mean smoker and nonsmoker values but did not reveal differences associated with
      age. (2) Tests of forced expiration (1-sec forced expiratory volume/vital
      capapity, reciprocal of the maximal mid-expiratory flow, maximal flow at 50 per
      cent of vital capacity; and moments) however, revealed differences between smoker
      and nonsmoker means )adjusted and unadjusted), as well as increasing smoker
      nonsmoker differences with increasing age. It is suggested that the first group
      of tests probably measured an all-or-none response that occurred with the onset
      of smoking and was not affected by duration of smoking. The second group of tests
      probably measured the effects of continued smoking and indicated increasing
      abnormality associated with longer exposure (years of smoking). Test showing age
      related differences between smokers and nonsmokers may reflect cummulative,
      irreversible changes in pulmonary function to a greater extent than test that do
      not.

PMID- 970748
TI  - Lung function changes in smokers with normal conventional spirometry.
AB  - The comparative ability to detect early abnormalities in smokers by commonly used
      lung function tests was studied. Sixty-five healthy male nonsmokers served as a
      reference group and provided standards for 1-sec forced expiratory volume, vital
      capacity, end-tidal spirometry, spirometric forced mid-and end-expiratory flows,
      single-breath diffusing capacity, static lung volumes (helium method), and single
      breath N2 closing volume measurements, In the present series of 80 male smokers,
      the measurements of forced mid-expiratory flow and forced end-expiratory flow did
      not improve the ability of the more conventional indices, 1-sec forced expiratory
      volume and the ratio of 1-sec forced expiratory volume to vital capacity, to
      detect obstructive lung disease. In 71 smokers with normal 1-sec forced
      expiratory volume and ratio of 1-sec forced expiratory volume to vital capacity,
      the end-tidal spirometry, diffusing capacity, and residual volume indices
      revealed 14,20, and 21 per cent of abnormalities. respectively. The single-breath
      N2 closing volume test (Phase IV/vital capacity and slope of Phase III) detected
      the greatest number of subtle changes in lung function; this was abnormal in 32
      per cent of smokers with normal conventional spirometry. In young or light
      smokers, Phase IV/vital capacity was more frequently increased than the slope of
      Phase III; an incerse trend was observed in older or heavier smokers. The single
      breath N2 closing volume test also provided the greatest number of abnormal
      results when other indices were impaired in the same subjects.

PMID- 970749
TI  - Transit time analysis of the forced expiratory vital capacity in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Transit time analysis of the forced expiratory vital capacity maneuver was
      applied to 37 patients with cystic fibrosis 8 to 22 years of age. This analysis
      divides the vital capacity into segments of air and assigns a transit time to
      each segment. The characteristics of the distribution of these transit times are
      used as measurements of pulmonary function. The quantities were compared with the
      forced vital capacity, 1-sec forced expiratory volume, ratio of 1-sec forced
      expiratory volume to vital capacity, peak flow, forced expiratory flow during the
      middle half of the forced vital capacity, maximal expiratory flow at 25 per cent
      of the vital capacity, specific airway conductance, and arterial PO2 of these
      patients. The standard deviation of the transit times was the most frequently
      abnormal. The mean transit time had the largest range of values in terms of its
      own standard deviation, and it was the best single estimate of over-all lung
      function because it correlated almost equally with large and small airway
      function. The coefficient of cariance of transit times was specific in detecting
      abnormality of small airways and was as sensitive in the detection of minimal
      lung disease as the standard deviation of transit times.

PMID- 970750
TI  - The effect of lung volume on the ventilatory response to CO2 during resistive
      loading in normal subjects.
AB  - The ventilatory response to CO2 during resistive loading was determined in normal
      subjects when the end-expiratory level was allowed to increase and when it was
      restored to that present in the unloaded state. Restoration of the end-expiratory
      level of that seen in the unloaded state, during the resistive loading, resulted
      in an increase in ventilatory response to CO2. The mechanism by which increases
      in lung volume affect the ventilatory response to CO2 is unknown; multiple
      factors are likely to be involved. It is suggested that an increase in end
      expiratory level plays a major role in limiting the ventilatory response to CO2
      during resistive loading and may also be an important factor in the reduced
      ventilatory response to CO2 that is seen clinically when there is obstruction to
      air flow.

PMID- 970751
TI  - Effects of cord factor on liver lipid: accumulation triglycerides.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal injection of cord factor induced a remarkable increase
      in the amounts of triglycerides in liver. This effect was specific for cord
      factor among various lipid fractions of tuberclebacilli. Other lipid species of
      liver than triglycerides were not affected by cord factor injection. The
      accumulation of triglycerides became evident 16 to 24 hours after the cord factor
      injection and reached the maximum at 48 hours. As small a quantity as 12.5 mug of
      cord factor effectively induced the increase of triglycerides in liver.

PMID- 970752
TI  - ARDS--alveolitis--pneumonosis.

PMID- 970753
TI  - Rising tuberculosis rate in Baltimore City.

PMID- 970754
TI  - Speculations on neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE)

PMID- 970755
TI  - Stature and emphysema.

PMID- 970756
TI  - Analysis of the causes of mortality from appendicitis.
AB  - An analysis of 944 cases of acute appendicitis treated at the University of
      Kentucky Medical Center from 1966 to 1973 is presented. There were 12 deaths in
      this series, a mortality rate of 1.3 per cent, and the clinical presentation,
      operative and autopsy findings are discussed. It is significant that seven of the
      12 patients had other serious illnesses that influenced the decision for
      operation and that operation was delayed over 48 hours in 50 percent. It is
      stressed that the need for early exploration in the patient suspected of having
      appendicitis is even more imperative in the individual with concomitant disease.
      Adequate but immediate preoperative preparation with fluids and electrolytes
      antibiotics and stabilization of renal, pulmonary and cardiac status is
      mandatory.

PMID- 970757
TI  - Surgical management of parathyroid disease.
AB  - One hundred fifty patients who had operation for hyperparathyroidism at the
      National Institutes of Health are reviewed. The series is composed of several
      groups of patients, including 18 with normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism, 13 with
      hyperparathyroidism associated with MEA II, and 24 patients with a history of
      previous parathyroid operation. Selective venous catherization and
      radioimmunoassay of parathormone was carried out in 81 patients and was
      interpreted as being localizing in 65 cases. Following operation, six patients
      remained hypercalcemic. There were nine instances of permanent hypocalcemia and
      four cases in which permanent recurrent nerve injuries were experienced. The
      operative management of these patients is outlined in detail, stressing an
      approach which includes the surgeon, the internist and the pathologist. Based
      upon pathological evidence, the importance of identifying by frozen section four
      glands is emphasized.

PMID- 970758
TI  - Acute jejunogastric intussusception.
AB  - Our patient represents an example of acute retrograde jejunograstric
      intussusception with the additional finding of a bleeding jejunal ulcer in the
      intussusception. The ulcer may have been etiological in precipitating the
      intussusception, or a consequence of mucosal sloughing in the hemorrhagic
      intussusception. Early diagnosis and immediate surgical therapy resulted in an
      uneventful recovery.

PMID- 970759
TI  - Intestinal complications following aortography.

PMID- 970760
TI  - Effect of antibiotics on the in vitro neutrophil chemotactic response.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte chemotaxis was examined in vitro in the
      presence of the following antibiotics: tetracycline, chloramphenicol,
      erythromycin, gentamicin, methicillin, sulfadiazine, cephalothin, oxacillin,
      nafcillin and clindamycin. Results indicate that high concentrations (1 mg/ml) of
      tetracycline, nafcillin, erythromycin and sulfadiazine inhibited the chemotactic
      response of neutrophils. Tetracycline produced an inhibition at concentrations as
      low as 1mug/ml. A stimulation of the neutrophil chemotactic response was observed
      in the presence of chloramphenicol in all concentrations. The results are
      discussed with particular emphasis on the implications to host immunity.

PMID- 970761
TI  - Perforation of the normal colon during barium contrast examination.
AB  - Two cases of perforation of the normal colon during barium contrast examination
      are reported. Overdistention of the colon with air and barium contrast
      examination are reported. Overdistention of the colon with air and barium should
      be avoided in a patient with a competent ileocecal value. While rare, this
      complication can be life-threatening.

PMID- 970762
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus: the Boerhaave syndrome.

PMID- 970763
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of the extrahepatic bile ducts in infancy.
AB  - An additional case of spontaneous perforation of the bile duct in infancy is
      reported. Review of the literature reveals a characteristic history and physical
      findings in all infants with this entity. Treatment should be prompt and should
      consist of simple drainage of the area of perforation. Recovery is to be expected
      in all those patients in whom bile is sterile.

PMID- 970764
TI  - Change in u.s. women's sex-role attitudes, 1964-1974.

PMID- 970765
TI  - Community structure and leadership arrangements: a multidimensional analysis.

PMID- 970766
TI  - Sepsis with a new species of Corynebacterium.
AB  - Sepsis with a previously undescribed species of Corynebacterium was documented in
      four patients. All patients had predisposing illness at the time of infection,
      three patients having leukemia in relapse and one having a porencephalic cyst and
      a ventriculoatrial shunt. The isolates from blood cultures had a characteristic
      metallic sheen when grown on blood agar. They were resistant to most antibiotics
      tested, including the penicillins, but were uniformly sensitive to vancomycin.
      Common biochemical characteristics, the metallic sheen, and the unusual
      antibiotic sensitivity pattern suggest that these isolates comprise a new species
      or group of closely related species of Corynebacterium that is capable of
      infection in man.

PMID- 970767
TI  - Absence of complete homologous immunity in hepatitis B infection after massive
      exposure.
AB  - Evidence from prospective studies of human cases of posttransfusion hepatitis
      observed among 299 cardiac surgery patients, and from each of three
      experimentally challenged chimpanzees, indicates that immunity to hepatitis B
      infection can be overcome by massive challenge doses. However, all cases of
      hepatitis in patients with prior immunity have been subclinical. Chimpanzees
      developed hepatitis and HBs antigenemia when challenged with hepatitis B virus
      that had an antigenic subtype identical to that used in the primary infection.
      This response provides evidence against the role of differences in antigenic
      composition of initial and challenge strains of virus as an explanation for
      incomplete homologous immunity.

PMID- 970768
TI  - Felty's syndrome: granulocyte-bound immunoglobulin G and splenectomy.
AB  - A quantitative antiglobulin consumption technique was used to measure
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) present on human granulocytes. Granulocytes from 50 normal
      subjects had less than 20 X 10(-14) g IgG per cell. Patients with
      granulocytopenia due to bone-marrow failure, patients with IgG multiple myeloma,
      patients with splenomegaly, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis without
      granulocytopenia had granulocyte-bound IgG within the range of normal. Four
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and severe granulocytopenia
      (Felty's syndrome) had granulocyte-bound IgG between 30 and 220 X 10(-14) g IgG
      per cell. One of these patients underwent splenectomy, after which his
      granulocyte-bound IgG fell to normal. Seven additional patients with Felty's
      syndrome who had previously undergone splenectomy had normal levels of
      granulocyte-bound IgG. Thus quantitation of granulocyte-bound IgG appears to be
      useful in defining patients with immunologically mediated granulocytopenia.
      Studies of patients with Felty's syndrome who have undergone splenectomy suggest
      that the spleen may produce this neutrophile-bound immunoglobulin.

PMID- 970769
TI  - Sicca syndrome and total lipodystrophy: a case in a fifteen-year-old female
      patient.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl is described with the sicca syndrome of keratoconjunctivitis
      and xerostomia. There was no associated rheumatoid arthritis or other connective
      tissue disorder, but total lipodystrophy had been present since the age of 9
      years. Marked hyperreactivity of the humoral immune system and suppression of
      cell-mediated immunity was shown. The association of sicca syndrome with total
      lipodystrophy has not previously been reported.

PMID- 970770
TI  - Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study.
AB  - The relation of menopause to cardiovascular disease incidence was examined in
      women less than 55 years old from the cohort of 2873 women in the initial
      Framingham examination. Although the number of person-years of experience during
      the 20 years of observation was nearly the same for premenopausal and
      postmenopausal status, there were only 20 cardiovascular events among the
      premenopausal women in this age group whereas 70 events occurred among the
      postmenopausal women of the same age. In each specific age group studied
      incidence rates were lower in premenopausal than postmenopausal women. This was
      also true for coronary heart disease. Contrast for "hard" diagnoses of
      cardiovascular disease (excluding diagnoses of angina pectoris and intermittent
      claudication) was in the same direction. Although cholesterol and hemoglobin did
      rise somewhat more steeply in women undergoing the menopause, this greater
      incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women could not be
      explained by the influence of the menopause on the usual cardiovascular risk
      factors.

PMID- 970771
TI  - Bradycardia with mitral valve prolapse: a potential mechanism of sudden death.
AB  - Eleven members of a family with a high prevalence of mitral valve prolapse were
      investigated. Seven had documented sinus bradycardia, and five had mitral valve
      prolapse. Three patients with both mitral valve prolapse and bradycardia had
      recurrent syncope reproduced by simple head-up tilting, and in one patient this
      resulted in asystole. The hemodynamic response to isoproterenol and phenylephrine
      administration were normal. Supine plasma norepinephrine levels were normal in
      all three and increased appropriately in two of three patients after tilting.
      Atrial pacing studies documented marked prolongation of atrial-His intervals and
      inability to maintain 1:1 atrioventricular conduction when paced at a rate of
      120/min. These findings were reversed by atropine. This family shows a close
      correlation between mitral valve prolapse and potentially lethal bradycardia.
      Excessive vagal tone is believed to be responsible for both bradycardia and sinus
      arrest, which in two patients was prevented by permanent demand pacing.

PMID- 970772
TI  - "e" Antigen, Dane particles, and serum DNA polymerase activity in HBsAg carriers.
AB  - Sera of 103 carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen were assayed for e-antigen
      and anti-e. Twenty-four were e-antigen-positive, 31 anti-e-positive, and 48 had
      neither detectable (e-negative). Aminotransferases were elevated in 75% of the e
      antigen-positive carriers compared with 25% of e-negative carriers (P less than
      0.001) and 13% of anti-e-positive carriers (P less than 0.001). Serum DNA
      polymerase activity was significantly higher in the e-antigen-positive carriers
      than in carriers without e-antigen. Dane particles were shown in 10 of 12
      carriers with e-antigen, compared with one of 12 e-negative carriers (P less than
      0.0003) and none of 12 anti-e-positive carriers (P less than 0.00003). These
      results suggest that ongoing hepatitis B viral replication is more active in e
      antigen-positive carriers than in carriers without e-antigen, a finding that may
      help explain the high prevalence of chronic active hepatitis described in these
      individuals.

PMID- 970773
TI  - Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers.
AB  - Twenty diabetic foot ulcers were cultured using optimal microbiologic techniques.
      Anaerobic bacteria coexisted with the more commonly recognized aerobic bacteria
      in 18 specimens. There were a total of 116 isolates with an average of 5.8
      species per specimen (3.2 aerobes and 2.6 anaerobes). The principal isolates were
      Bacteroides species (sp.) (17 strains), peptococci (16), Proteus sp. (11),
      enterococci (9), Staphylococcus aureus (7), clostridia (7), and Escherichia coli
      (6). When antimicrobial therapy is indicated the selection of agents should
      consider the likelihood of a complex aerobic-anaerobic flora.

PMID- 970774
TI  - Chronic ulcerative colitis, skin necrosis, and cryofibrinogenemia.
AB  - Necrotizing skin lesions developed in a man with chronic ulcerative colitis. No
      evidence of intrinsic disease of medium or small-sized vessels was found. A
      circulating cryofibrinogen was thought to be responsible for in situ thrombosis
      leading to skin infarctions. Sodium warfarin in a daily dose of 2.5 to 5 mg
      appears to have thwarted progression of developing lesions and the occurrence of
      new ones.

PMID- 970775
TI  - Association of partial lipodystrophy and Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 970776
TI  - Dilantin toxicity: miliary pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia.

PMID- 970777
TI  - Radiologically occult pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis detected by 67gallium
      citrate scintiscan.

PMID- 970778
TI  - The hemorrhagic crescent sign of acute synovial rupture.

PMID- 970779
TI  - Cardiac disease 1976.

PMID- 970780
TI  - The syndrome of mitral valve prolapse: problems and perspectives.

PMID- 970781
TI  - Thailand: trends in medical services.

PMID- 970782
TI  - Diazoxide therapy: use and risks.

PMID- 970784
TI  - Creatinine clearance and age.

PMID- 970783
TI  - Prothrombin complex concentrates and coagulation.

PMID- 970785
TI  - Urinary dilution in hyponatremia.

PMID- 970786
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis and renal failure.

PMID- 970787
TI  - Lysozyme from bone?

PMID- 970788
TI  - Asthma, steroid therapy, isoniazid.

PMID- 970789
TI  - Methyl iodide toxicity.

PMID- 970790
TI  - Financial incentives to physicians.

PMID- 970791
TI  - Neglect of occupational disease.

PMID- 970792
TI  - Psychiatry, give us tools, not talk.

PMID- 970793
TI  - [Cirrhotic development of Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann's sarcoidesis. Anatomo-clinical
      study].

PMID- 970794
TI  - [Infantile Moya-Moya disease and development of cognitive processes in children.
      Reflections apropos of a case].

PMID- 970795
TI  - [Role of sodium in the intestinal transport of calcium in idiopathic
      hypercalciuria].

PMID- 970796
TI  - [Spondylodiscitis revealing bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 970797
TI  - [Fatal asthma in children. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 970798
TI  - [Human infections by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (apropos of 30 cases)].

PMID- 970799
TI  - [Classification of glomerulonephritides].

PMID- 970800
TI  - [Suppurative parietal endocarditides].
AB  - As opposed to acute or subacute orificial localizations, suppurative parietal
      endocarditis is a very rare entity (5 cases in 3,900 autopsies). More readily
      localized in the left heart and being generators of systemic emboli, they remain
      latent until anatomically verified. Two circumstances promote their occurrence :
      the focal point caused by the mural thrombus of a recent myocardial infarction ;
      septicemic infections with pulmonary localization and neighbouring
      thrombophlebitis within the context of intense depression of immunity.

PMID- 970801
TI  - [Multiple angioleiomyomas of both lungs. Probable hamartomatous tumors. Very late
      death due to respiratory insufficiency].
AB  - Case presentation : Multiple tumor nodules in both lungs, identified by biopsy
      and necropsy, in a 48 year old woman, 8 years after radiological discovery ;
      death due to respiratory failure after long tolerance ; peculiar angio
      leiomyomatous type pulmonary tumors. This purely pulmonary tumor disease is
      difficult to understand ; the most probable hypothesis envisaged is that of
      hamartomatosis ; comparison with certain general dysplastic disease is possible,
      and in particular Bourneville's disease and lymphangio-myomatosis.

PMID- 970802
TI  - [Tic and obsessions in adolescents. Reflections apropos of a case].

PMID- 970803
TI  - [Paradoxical effects of iodine overload on thyroid function].
AB  - Any chronic iodine overload resulting from long term ingestion of a medication or
      the administration of a non-resorbable contrast medium, may result in a goitre
      with or without hypothyroidism, and in particular in patients with a past history
      of thyroid disease. By contrast, the administration of iodine is no longer
      indicated in the treatment of enedmic goitres since the hypothesis of an iodine
      deficiency in the pathogenesis of such goitres may be excluded in most countries,
      and in particular western countries, and the risk of the development of
      thyrotoxicosis in such patients is not negligeable. It would thus be desirable
      that iodine no longer be used in the composition of medications when its presence
      is not indispensalbe and where, furthermore, it may contribute to developement of
      an increasingly disturbing iatrogenic complication.

PMID- 970804
TI  - [Undifferentiated naso-pharyngeal carcinoma of the Schmincke-Regaud type. Apropos
      of 3 cases].
AB  - The authors present 3 cases of undifferentiared naso-pharyngeal carcinoma of the
      Schmincke-Regaud type. They study the anatomopathological, appearances, the
      geographic distribution, the background, the clinical expression and course, the
      immunological, virological and genetic factors of this very curious type of
      cancer the diagnosis and treatment of which remain difficult.

PMID- 970805
TI  - [Midline malignant granuloma and cyclophosphamide].
AB  - One case is presented whose characteristics features were breast hypertrophy,
      normal immune functions and the efficacy of cyclophosphamide alone : A complete
      remission is present 31 months after the granuloma started, after 7 and a half
      months of treatment by cyclophosphamide, 14 months after its interruption by the
      patient. It is proposed that lethal midline granuloma is a localised form of
      Wegener's granulomatosis ; between these extreme forms are the limited
      (pulomonary) form of Wegener's granulomatosis, and the lethal midline granuloma
      with cutaneous, glandular, digestive or urethrogenital involvements. Therapeutic
      is briefly reviewed and the efficacy of cyclophosphamide claimed.

PMID- 970806
TI  - [Fistula between a systemic artery and the pulmonary arterio-venous system.
      Apropos of a case. Review of the literature].
AB  - The authors present the case of a 19 year old man with a continuous murmurin the
      right latero-thoracic region, with no functional symptomatology. Complementary
      examination demonstrated the presence of an angiomatosis which had developed at
      the expense of the right internal and external mammary vessels, and communicating
      with the pulmonary arterio-venous system.

PMID- 970807
TI  - [Association of systemic scleroderma and primary bilary cirrhosis. A recent
      case].

PMID- 970808
TI  - [Acute reversible agranulocytosis due to cephalexin therapy].

PMID- 970809
TI  - [Epidemic of trichinosis of Egyptian origin. Apropos of 6 cases observed in
      Paris].

PMID- 970810
TI  - [Pulmonary actinobacterioses. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 970811
TI  - [Treatment of hyperuricemias in hematology using urate oxidase and allopurinol].

PMID- 970812
TI  - [Shulman's syndrome (pseudoscleroderma with eosinophilia) 2 cases and review of
      the literature].

PMID- 970813
TI  - [An unusual cause of dyspnea on effort: cavo-portal steal syndrome (with
      thrombosis of in the inferior vena cava. Surgical treatment)].

PMID- 970814
TI  - [Language in schizophrenic patients].
AB  - The author tries to analyze the results of research on schizophrenics language
      during the last thirty years. The almost permanent contradictions of these
      results leads the author to the conclusion that there is no evidence for a basic
      disturbance in schizophrenic language. Two hypothesis are proposed to explain the
      contradictory results 1) the exclusively clinical definition of schizophrenia is
      of minimal utility as a frame-work for psychometric and linguistic research
      programs. 2) psychometric and linguistic tests seem to have no reliability to
      elucidate a phenomenea as complex as the verbal expression of the schizophrenic.

PMID- 970815
TI  - [The hyperkinetic child. Psychopathological aspects (author's transl)].
AB  - The hyperkinetic syndrome, such as it is abundantly described in the literature
      of American authors, is clearly defined by the association in a young child,
      essentially at the beginning of schooling, of hyper-activity, psycho-motor
      instability, affective and learning disorders, emotional lability, immaturity,
      etc. It would appear that psycho-stimulants (in particular amphetamines) bring
      about a spectacular improvement in these children, representing a therapeutic
      test that confirms the diagnosis. In America, insistence is placed on the
      physiopathogeny of the disorders, and on the minimal cerebral dysfunction. This
      pathology, which, it would appear, does not seem to have been recognised in
      France, where the psychomotor instability is only one among many symptoms. We
      report here a synthetic clinical study of hyperkinetic children observed over a
      period of several years. They are particular in that they were seen at an early
      age (between 18 months and 4 years old). The psychopathological study of the
      early stages (which is usually missing in the literature) makes it possible to
      objectify a preliminary phase dominated by negative signs, of the "silent
      series": depressive and regressive tendencies, later hidden by agitation. We
      underline the importance of the early distorsion of the mother-child link, which
      appears to be a determining factor in the appearance of the hyperkinetic
      syndrome. These date (which tend to contradict many studies) lead one to reject
      the chemotherapy solution, and in particular psychostimulants for the greater
      majority of cases, and rather to intervene at an early stage, and ideally
      speaking preventively, to instigate above all a psychotherapy of the child and
      often of the mother (co-therapy), to restore a good level of communication, and
      the mother-child link. This in-depth approach should make it possible to avoid a
      purely symptomatic treatment, with its uncertain effects, and its often
      undersirable evolution.

PMID- 970816
TI  - [Mania and multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 970817
TI  - [Attempted inventory of clinical elements of the manic-depressive model].

PMID- 970818
TI  - [Case of claustration in a psychotic patient].

PMID- 970819
TI  - [Clinical trial of tropatepine chlorhydrate as a corrector of syndromes due to
      neuroleptics].

PMID- 970820
TI  - [Psychological treatment: eleutherian therapy. Attempt at validation].

PMID- 970821
TI  - [Suicidal behavior and meterological conditions].
AB  - Six hundred and seventy five cases of attempted suicide observed in a
      resuscitation department were confronted with a certain number of
      biometeorological factors recorded daily: atmospheric pressure, air temperature,
      degree of insolation, precipitation, relative humidity, water vapour pressure,
      wind (speed and direction), hydrometeores, index of solar eruption, density of F2
      layer. The confrontation is made for the two days before the intoxication and for
      the day when suicide is attempted. Parameters are then studied by statistical
      calculation (calculation of X2 and of the number of degrees of freedom). There
      does not seem to be any significant relationship, in spite of disconcerting
      series, between most meteorological factors and the number of attempted suicides
      observed. However, it is noted that no suicides were recorded during periods of
      solar eruption, and that there seems to be a marked correlation between suicide
      and winds, particularly according to their direction. Thus, winds charged with
      ionised particles seem to coincide with a high rate of self-destruction.

PMID- 970822
TI  - [Psychodynamic significance and scoring of "profile" and "silhouette" responses
      to Rorschach test in adults and minors].
AB  - "Profile" ou "silhouette" responses are rarely given at the Rorschach-test (4,87%
      of our 780 adults and minors; i.e. 7,17% for the adults and 2,56% for the
      minors). In 82% of our adults and in 50% of our minors, they are indicators of
      avoiding neurotic behaviour; in 18% of our adults and in 50% of our minors, we
      are dealing with contact difficulties or insufficiency complexes. These responses
      are generally unique in each Rorschach test. However 42% of our adults and 30% of
      our minors gave more than one of them. The VIIth plate holds the first place as a
      "stimulus" for "profile" or "silhouette" responses (46,22% of the adults and 40%
      of the minors). The other Rorschach-plates are, in a decreasing order: III, II,
      I, V and VI for the adults and VII, I, II, and IX for the minors. These responses
      suggested by the interpretation of the free border of the plates, are De
      responses; when human beings are seen as wholes the Rorschach symbol will be G;
      if only their heads are perceived, it will be: D.

PMID- 970823
TI  - [Psychosomatic reflections].
AB  - This paper resumes the philosophical analysis of the relationship between body
      and soul. Cartesian dualism is criticized according to the recent developments of
      the theory of information. The problem of causalities and somato-psychic or
      psycho-somatic interactions is also criticized. The conclusion aims at a
      multidisciplinary approach to the patient.

PMID- 970824
TI  - [Involutional melancholia. 3. Controlled statistical study of the symptomatic
      originality of depression with late onset, and of the pathoplastic role of age].

PMID- 970825
TI  - [Attempt at understanding depression. Simple depression].

PMID- 970826
TI  - [Psychasthenic delusion].

PMID- 970827
TI  - [Psychiatric aspects of encephalopathy caused by bismuth salts].

PMID- 970828
TI  - [Fa'a'mu and Fanau. Various traditional aspects and current problems of adoption
      and donation of children in French Polynesia].
AB  - The old polynesian custom of giving a child persits. One child in three or four
      is asked for and adopted (Fa'a'amu). It was not officially recognized, which had
      no disadvantage as it was between Maoris and inside enlarged polynesian families.
      But quick acculturation and urbanization, social and economical changes of the
      past ten years have changed all that. The contradiction between french law and
      tahitian traditional customs exposes these fa'a'amu children, with no legal
      statute and without judicial protection, to many drawbacks. First in their
      tahitian families because they get no family allowances. On the other hand some
      Europeans wishing to adopt children take often advantages, though it is illegal,
      of the generosity of the prolific tahitian women (no contraception in Tahiti) who
      seldom refuse giving children to a European, without understanding clearly that
      complete adoption (european model) cuts every tie with the biological family
      (Fanau). The illegal appropriation of these children sometimes leave them
      deprived of statute and legal protection in Europe (or America, or even Japan?).
      We have here an exemple of what happens when two cultures meet, whose customs and
      values are totally different.

PMID- 970829
TI  - [Late dyskinesia caused by neuroleptics. Survey on 1,660 psychiatric hospital
      patients].
AB  - Among 1 660 patients of 2 psychiatric hospitals (980 + 680), most of them
      chronically treated by neuroleptics, we found 120 tardive dyskinesia (7,2%). 64%
      were more of 50 years old. 85 of 923 women (9,1%), 36 of 737 men (4,8%), but most
      of the men are younger. In 67 cases oral dyskinesia is isolated, in 53 cases it
      is associated with choreic syndrom. 13 patients are free of neuroleptics for more
      than 6 months and the dyskinesia is probably irreversible (mean age = 74). The
      interest is double: 1. Practical: prevention by moderated and adapted
      prescription of neuroleptics, specially for long term treatments and oldest
      patients; anticholinergic correctors must be cautiously prescribed. 2.
      Theoretical: this human experimentation is a model of iatrogenic pathology for
      the study of mental illnesses, extrapyramidal troubles, and neuromediators...

PMID- 970830
TI  - Polynucleotide sequence divergence among strains of Salmonella sub-genus IV and
      closely related organisms.
AB  - Polynucleotide sequence relatedness studies were carried out to determine the
      extent of divergence present in Salmonella sub-genus IV strains, related strains
      of Salmonella of other sub-genera and the Citrobacter genus. Salmonella sub-genus
      IV were 91-97% related. The Salmonella of sub-genus I, II and III showed lower
      binding (79-87%) to Salmonella sub-genus IV. The change in thermal elution
      midpoint closely followed the reassociation data. Relatedness of Salmonella sub
      genus IV and C. freundii ranged between 44 and 57%, which confirms that these
      organisms belong to different genera. The taxonomic position of Salmonella sub
      genus IV is discussed according to the actual classification of the family
      Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID- 970831
TI  - [Experimental infection of axenic mice by "Yersinia enterocolitica" (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Although most of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from man have no
      pathogenicity for laboratory animals, it has been demonstrated that some strains
      are pathogenic for conventional mice and that most of the strains are probably
      pathogenic for Nude mice. The authors report the results of the infection of germ
      free mice with a strain of Y. enterocolitica which is non pathogenic for
      holoxenic mice. It appears that C3H/He mice are sensitive to the infection by
      gavage or aerogenic and peritoneal routes. They all die within 8 to 12 days after
      injection of an inoculum of 5.10(5) viable cells. Germ-free NCS mice were also
      sensitive to the oral and aerogenic infection but not to the peritoneal
      infection; the difference between C3H/He and NCS sensitivity to this way of
      infection could be explained by a higher bactericidal activity of the peritoneal
      phagocytes of the latter. The C3H/He and NCS holoxenic control mice infected with
      the same inoculum of the same strain, did not show any symptoms and all attempts
      to isolate Y. enterocolitica failed three months after the challenge. Germ-free
      mice killed by the infection showed histopathological findings, i.e. abscesses
      involving intestinal wall. liver and spleen; they were similar to those described
      in experiments with pathogenic strains for conventional mice (holoxenic) and to
      those observed in infection of athymic Nude mice with strains non pathogenic for
      conventional mice. This infectious disease model is discussed in regards to the
      natural human infection.

PMID- 970832
TI  - [Dwarf colony mutants of "staphylococcus": study of three strains isolated from
      patients with osteosynthesis (author's transl)].
AB  - Dwarf colony mutants of staphylococci were isolated from per operative samplings
      obtained from three patients with a bacterial contamination of their
      osteosynthesis material. The dwarf mutants grown in trypticase soja agar (TSA)
      after 72 h at 37 degrees C (two cases) and in nutrient broth (one case). They
      displayed poor growth (very small, transparent colonies on TSA), reduced
      biochemical activity, deficient pigment formation and intermediary resistance to
      aminoglucoside antibiotics (kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin). Biochemically,
      two types of metabolic defects have been demonstrated among these dwarf strains.
      Two of them are vitamin K2-less (strains 30 and 73) and are supplemented by
      menadion natrium bisulfit at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10 mug per ml. In
      these cases the dwarf colony mutants coexisted with normal colony of S.
      epidermidis (case 30) and S. aureus (case 73) belonging to serotypes 52260 and I
      respectively. The third strain (case 163) supplemented by horse blood is hemin
      requiring. This strain could be characterized in media supplemented with blood,
      because it was isolated only as dwarf colony mutant from the patient; it belongs
      to serotype 52260 (S. epidermidis). This hemin-less dwarf mutant is the single
      responsible of the pathological manifestations of the patient 163. In the cases
      of vitamin K12-less mutants (strains 30 and 73) the coexistence of dwarf mutants
      and normal colonies of the same serotype may make possible the elucidation of
      relapse in infectious complications of the patients with osteosynthesis.

PMID- 970833
TI  - [Study of Enterobacter strains belonging to a particular group related to
      Enterobacter aerogenes (author's transl)].
AB  - Thirty strains of Enterobacteriaceae constitute a new group related to E.
      aerogenes with the following differential biochemical characters: urease+, KCN-,
      sorbitol-, mucate- and gelatinase-. Ten of these strains with antigenic
      similarities and polyresistance to antibiotics were isolated from urine in the
      same hospital.

PMID- 970834
TI  - [Short term effects of diets with high levels of dithiocarbamates on carbohydrate
      and lipid metabolism of rat liver].
AB  - The purpose of the work was to establish the eventual "metabolic toxicity" of
      pesticide-contaminated diets in the Rat. The liver metabolic response to various
      stimuli was compared in dithiocarbamate-fed animals and in non-contaminated ones.
      112 weanling male Wistar CF rats were fed, during 15 days, with a demi-synthetic
      control diet. They were then divided into 4 lots:--the control group C, which
      went on to receive the same diet,--the nabame group N, the diet of which was
      supplemented with 275 ppm of the dithiocarbamate;--the thirame groupe R,
      receiving the control diet + 600 ppm thirame;--the zineb groupe Z, given the
      control diet + 3 600 ppm Zineb. The animals were fed with these diets during 14
      days, their dithiocarbamate intake thus averaging 1/20 th of the per os LD
      50/rat/day. At the end of this 2-week period, each of the 4 groups was divided
      into 4 sub-groups, all the animals were fasted overnight, then sacrified:--after
      no other treatment (sub-groups T);--30 minutes after an i.p. injection of 2.6
      g/kg glucose (G);--after having been forced to walk in a restraint wheel for 50
      minutes/hr during the 18 hrs of the night fast (sub-groups W);--after a 90
      minutes exposure in a cold room (F). The weights of the animals, of their liver,
      heart, kidneys, adrenals and epididymal pads were recorded. In their liver, the
      following compounds were determined: water, proteins, total lipids,
      triglycerides, long-chain acyl-CoA, non-esterified fatty acids, total
      cholesterol, glycogen, glucose, alpha-glycerophosphate. The thirame rats had a
      lower food intake than the others and the smallest body weight, but their
      relative liver and kidneys weights were the highest. The nabame animals did not
      differ from the control ones but the zineb rats had the lightest epididymal fat
      pads. The primary effects of the dithiocarbamate diets on liver metabolism were
      apparently not the same in the 3 groups compared to the control ones: nabame and
      thirame increased glycogen, thirame increased the lipid compounds: long-chain
      actyl-CoA and triglycerides, where as zineb feeding resulted in an increase of
      glucose concentration and in a decrease of triglycerides and total lipids.
      Muscular exercise, or cold exposure, had the following effects compared to those
      they had in the control group: a greater glucose utilization in the nabame and
      thirame rats, a smaller glycogen and glucose utilization, associated with an
      increase of alpha-glycerophosphate, in the zineb animals. These results were
      considered altogether with those obtained in a previous paper by the same
      authors, which concerned liver ketone bodies and adenine nucleotides changes
      after the same experimental conditions, and it was concluded that the 3
      dithiocarbamates actually had a common effect on rat metabolism: they all
      impaired glucose utilization by the liver. Also, fat mobilization from peripheral
      depots was shown to occur in the 3 experimental groups, resulting in liver fatty
      acid oxidation in the nabame and zineb rats, and in liver steatosis for the
      thirame ones...

PMID- 970835
TI  - [Responses and physiological modifications of intestinal sucrase in rats fed
      diets containing various carbohydrates].
AB  - Weaning rats were submitted during 3 months to complet and balanced diets where
      only glucidic constituent varied. They were sacrified when fed or after 16 h
      fasting. 1. The value of intestinal sucrose K(M) is higher in rats fed on glucose
      dietary than in rats fed on sucrose, fructose or glucose + fructose dietary.
      These modifications are independant of the states of digestion. 2. The V(MAX) is
      diversely influenced by the states of digestion: hydric diet increases the V(MAX)
      in animals fed on sucrose diet when intestinal repletion has the same effect in
      animals receiving glucose diet. Fructose diet decreases it irreversibility in
      both cases. 3. Growth of animals is sagging respectively in order from sucrose
      and glucose diets to glucose + fructose and fructose diets, then weight of
      organes is unaffected. It was noted that perirenal and epididymal fats are more
      abundant in rats nourished with glucose diet than with fructose diet. 4. The
      glucoregulation is correctly effectued in either starved or fed animals and shows
      an available adaptation of organism in energetic utilisation of various studied
      sugars. Plasmatic, hepatis and intestinal free fatty acids levels are constant
      and equal in all series of expements in spite of important variations of reverse
      fat.

PMID- 970836
TI  - [Biochemical control of thiamine status in neurotic patients].
AB  - It is well established that the glucose represents the main energy source of the
      brain and that its metabolism supposes the presence of the vitamin B1. On the
      other hand, it is known that in industrialized countries, the consume (absolute
      or relative) of products without vitamin B1 (sugar, strong drinks) or containing
      it insufficiently (preparations derived from flours of low extraction, canned
      foods) registered a noticeable growth. On account of these premises, we made the
      hypothesis that the thiamino-glucidic unbalance to which the modern consumer is
      exposed, could be a factor contributing to the appearance of neurosis, which
      present now an increased incidence. In order to verify this hypothesis, we
      studied the vitamin B1 nutritional status in 65 patients recently taken to
      hospital with "nerosis sick", as well as with 49 healty subjects, who served as
      controls. We determined the spontaneous thiaminury (concentration, morning hourly
      debit and per gramme of creatinine), the provoked thiaminury (by means of an
      loading test, unpublished yet), as well as the erythrocyte transketolase activity
      and the pyruvic acid in the blood and in the urines (concentration and debit per
      gramme of creatinine) Compared with the control group, the patients of neurosis
      the average thiamin excretion was twice reduced, the transketolase activity
      diminished by 22 per cent, while the pyruvic acid level in blood and its renal
      elimination were increased by 31-38 per cent (p less than 0,001). After the
      vitamin B1 treatment, the values changed significatively (p less than 0,05),
      approaching those found in the healty subjects.

PMID- 970837
TI  - [Calcium absorption by the rat from various milks in relation to their total
      phosphorus and lactose contents].
AB  - The absorption of calcium corresponds to a strictly determined mechanism
      inhibited by phosphates and activited by carbohydrates. We investigate in what
      extent the absorption of milk calcium from various species has the same
      proceeding. 4 months old rats are given orally solutions of CaCl2 alone or in
      combination with sodium dihydrogen phosphate or lactose or these both compounds.
      We compare calcium absorption of these solutions to that of milk from woman, cow
      or sow, or to dilutions of these two latter milks. All these fluids are dosed so
      that they correspond each other by their respective content in total calcium,
      total phosphorus and lactose. Each solution contains 45Ca. Blood samples 1,30, 4,
      6 and 24 hours after ingestion allow establishing the variations of plasma
      radioactivity. Rats are sacrified after 24 hours. In certain cases, samples from
      digestive tube contents and feces provide a coefficient of calcium absorption.
      The osseous retention is obtained from femur radioactivity. In breif, we may
      consider that milks from cow and sow provide calcium the absorption of which is
      settled after their respective content of total phosphorus and lactose. Opposed
      effects of these inhibitors and activators of calcium absorption compensate so
      that calcium from these milks is just a little better utilized by adult rat than
      calcium from an isocalcic solution of CaCl2. Calcium from woman milk, rich in
      carbohydrates, poor in total phosphorus is better absorbed than that from the two
      latters, however less than we might expect from its high lactose content. We may
      wonder that calcium utilization from cow milk is as moderate as that of a
      solution of CaCl2. But skeleton mineralization which may be fulfilled by milk is
      made better because of that: it is not chloride but calcium phosphate which
      ensures this mineralization, a phosphate which alone would impair this
      mineralization without the compensative role of lactose.

PMID- 970838
TI  - [Changes in weight of fresh and dried vegetables on cooking].
AB  - The present study represents part of a more important work relative to normal
      food refuse and change of weight of varied food according to different ways of
      cooking. The study has been realized on vegetables and some fruits of frequent
      utilization in the population. It was accomplished by 25 voluntary housekeepers
      from Paris and Marseille during a whole year according to precise instructions
      about the method of weighings, every vegetable having to be weighed, three times
      at different intervals, during the year; 3203 weighings were mode corresponding
      to 2 399 kg of divers types of vegetables. The results have pointed out important
      variations according to the kinds of vegetables and methods of cooking. At
      boiling, the most utilized method, the variations of weight according to the
      weight before cooking are very important extending from + 10 p. 100, for Brussel
      sprouts and fresh flageolets at--25 p. 100 and--36 p. 100 for lettuce and endive,
      the last of weight being the highest for fine leaves vegetables, lesser for roots
      and tubers, and around zero for artichokes, french beans, cauliflower,
      aubergines. Other methods of cooking, through concerning a more limited number of
      kinds of vegetables have pointed out that "saute" brings a higher loss for the
      vegetables studied; Similar observations can be made for braising and stewing,
      frying leads to the highest loss reaching--48 p. 100 for chips. However the
      weight of fresh pulses varies slightly at boiling and stewing, it is the same for
      potatoes. As for dry beans, the increase of weight is less important than the
      percentage curently utilized for the calculation of surveys, the loss of weight
      according to cooked fruits pears and apples is not high (about 10 p. 100). These
      results should be taken into consideration for the exploitation of food surveys,
      especially norvadays when surveys are made more often at home and at the hospital
      and concern the individual consumption either by weighing the food consumed at
      table in dining-room or on the tray of the patient, and also when surveys are
      realized by interrogatory, the food being then, cooked, without refuse. From this
      point of view the last two tables present the results for a practical
      utilization. The first one gives the different kinds of vegetables studied with
      every way of cooking observed, the numbers of weighings effected the weight
      corresponding to 100 g raw and the weight corresponding to 100 g cooked, the
      other one presents the kinds of vegetables classified according to importance of
      the variations of weight for different ways of cooking in connection with the
      weight before cooking.

PMID- 970839
TI  - [Influence of some nutritional factors on the canthaxanthine pigmentation of the
      rainbow trout].
AB  - The present investigation was made to approve nutritionnal factors which affect
      the utilisation of food canthaxanthin by hatchery trout. Rainbow trout were
      obtained from a commercial trout farm, kept in running water and feeding in
      experimental pellets for 4 to 8 weeks. Five diets were tested (1-standard [7.5
      u.i/g], 2-low protein content, 3-High lipid content, 4-non supplemented with
      vitamin A, 5-High vitamin A content [23 U.I./g]). All diets containing 250 mg of
      canthaxanthin per kilo of food, the fish were fed at the rate of approximately
      2.5 p. 100 of their body weight per day. The estimation of canthaxanthin from
      fish tissues was accomplished as follows: the tissues were gomogeneized and
      extracted with several volumes of solvents. The solution containing all the
      pigment was evaporated. The purification of the canthaxanthin was obtained by
      column silica gel chromatography. The pigment was eluated with ethyl-ether as
      solvent. Quantitative assay of total carotenoid was effected by spectre
      photometric estimation of optical density at 480 nm of this fraction dissolved in
      benzene. The carotenoid composition of this fraction was studied by silica-gel
      thin layer chromatography. In these conditions:--it was shown by spectral studies
      that the canthaxanthins present in the diet are essentially those deposed in the
      flesh of the trout fed;--a series of experiment were made to examine the effect
      of composition of artificially composed feeds for pigmentation of the rainbow
      trout. The pigment deposition was found to correlate with the amount of lipids
      present in these diet. In this condition, the pigment is more dispersed with
      lipids present and the pigment absorption may be facilitated and later be
      deposed. 8 weeks alimentation are needed to observe the effect of these
      nutritionnal factor;--when the diet is non supplemented with vitamin A, the same
      quantity of canthaxanthin mixed with this food gives trout redder flesh than the
      standard diet. On an other hand, an antagonist effect of diet with high vitamin A
      content is demonstrated on the amount of the pigment deposed in the flesh of
      trout;--no effect of protein content of the diet was found in these experiments;-
      no effect of ratio calorie/protein of the diets with the intensity of deposed
      pigment in the flesh rainbow trout;--a correlation between neutral lipids of the
      tissue and the pigment deposed in the flesh of the trout fed with canthaxanthin
      was confirmed.

PMID- 970840
TI  - Mass-transfer coefficient for sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide removal in cat
      upper respiratory tract.

PMID- 970841
TI  - Respiratory frequency, flowrate and minute volume in non-anaesthetised guinea
      pigs during prolonged exposure to low concentrations of SO2 and NO2.

PMID- 970842
TI  - Phenomena of adaptation in rats continuously exposed to low concentrations of
      acrolein.

PMID- 970843
TI  - Methodology of an epidemiological survey in the iron-ore mines of Lorraine.
      Research into the long-term effect of potentially irritant gases on the pulmonary
      system.

PMID- 970844
TI  - The recovery of dust from formalin-fixed pneumoconiotic lungs: a comparison of
      the methods used at SMRE.

PMID- 970845
TI  - Investigation into the endogenous iron content of human lungs by Mossbauer
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 970846
TI  - Comparison between in vitro toxicity of two novel fibrous mineral dusts and their
      tissue reactions in vivo.

PMID- 970847
TI  - A comparison of airborne asbestos fibre counting with and without an eyepiece
      graticule.

PMID- 970848
TI  - A simple small light-weight personal dust sampling unit for full shift
      determination of asbestos dust exposure.

PMID- 970849
TI  - Transmission electron microscopy of particulate deposits on silver membrane
      filters.

PMID- 970850
TI  - A note on the dispersing of fibrous powders.

PMID- 970851
TI  - Glaucoma report: variations and patterns of IOP.

PMID- 970852
TI  - CME credit hours for ophthalmologists.

PMID- 970853
TI  - Effect of pilocarpine ocular therapeutic systems on diurnal control of
      intraocular pressure.
AB  - The pilocarpine ocular therapeutic system is an innovative ocular drug delivery
      system which releases pilocarpine into the tear film at a constant rate of
      20mug/hr or 40mug/hr. The system was evaluated in 22 hospitalized patients with
      bilateral open angle glaucoma to determine its ability to control ocular pressure
      throughout the diurnal interval. Only the right eye of each patient was treated
      with the pilocarpine ocular therapeutic system; the other eye served as a
      control. Twelve pressure measurements were made with a noncontacttorometer over a
      34-hour test period. In general, the pilocarpine ocular therapeutic system
      provided satisfactory around-the-clock control of intraocular pressure and was
      well tolerated by the patients.

PMID- 970854
TI  - Chromophobe adenoma and chiasmal syndrome without enlargement of the bony sella.
AB  - Four cases of chiasmal syndrome resulting from chromophobe adenoma with normal
      sized sella turcica are reported. The predominantly suprasellar growth of these
      tumors was probably the result of a well-pneumatized sphenoid sinus and/or a
      congenitally deficient diaphragma sellae. In patients with chiasmal syndrome, a
      high suspicion of a surgically treatable lesion must be maintained in spite of
      radiographs showing a normal-sized sella. In spite of the difficulties presented
      by normal variations, subtle findings should be searched for on the plain films
      and given additional weight in the patient with a chiasmal syndrome. An
      aggressive diagnostic work-up, including pneumoencephalography with thin-section
      tomography, should be pursued in all such patients before accepting some
      alternate explanation, such as demyelinating disease, for visual impairment.

PMID- 970855
TI  - Oribital floor fractures: a retrospective study.
AB  - A retrospective series of 365 orbital floor fractures was studied and many
      variables were analyzed. Some type of ocular or orbital adnexal damage was
      present in 32% of the patients. After a repair procedure there was a low
      incidence of decreased visual acuity, and there were no implant extrusions. Late
      enophthalmost and diplopia were found to be related to the type of orbital floor
      damage. The comminuted floor fractures and fractures associated with prolapse of
      orbital tissue into the maxillary antrum were more prone to demonstrate these
      late sequelae. Despite various surgical procedures there was a 19% incidence of
      late diplopia and an 11% incidence of late enophthalmos.

PMID- 970856
TI  - Is the increase of the temperature in the thermofistulization operation of Scheie
      so high as to cause a cataract.

PMID- 970857
TI  - Specific retinal breaks in aphakic retinal separation.
AB  - The frequency and location of specific retinal breaks in a consecutive series of
      169 phakic and 121 aphakic primary nontraumatic rhegmatogenous retinal
      separations categorized into lattice and nonlattice groups was determined. Small
      horseshoe tears in the oral region of the retina at the posterior vitreous base
      were responsible for 44.1% of aphakic nonlattice detechments. Aphakic detachments
      associated with lattice degeneration had a greater relative frequency of
      associated nonlattice tractional breaks in addition to lattice breaks.

PMID- 970858
TI  - The effect of light deprivation on the flickering B-wave.
AB  - The effect of light deprivation on the flickering beta-wave was investagated.
      Results indicate that the flickering beta-wave is extremely reduced in the eye
      light-deprived for 14 to 20 days relative to the normal eye. The ratio of the
      second beta-wave (in a series of flickering beta-waves) to the ratio of the first
      beta-wave appears relatively unaffected by light deprivation, but the ratio of
      the fourth beta-wave to the first is significantly affected by light deprivation.
      The effect of light deprivation on the beta-waves evoked by a 13.4 milliambert
      flickering light is greater for beta-waves evoked later in the series than for
      beta-waves evoked earlier in the series.

PMID- 970859
TI  - Serum factors precipitating with bovine lens extract in cataract patients and
      noncataract patients.
AB  - The present study tested the assertion that there exists exclusively in persons
      with senile cataracts a serum factor capable of precipitating with gamma
      crystallin extract from bovine lens. The results of this work do not support this
      assertion without the imposition of rigid specifications regarding test solution
      concentrations and observation time. Among the 84 subjects tested, 2 individuals
      had posterior subcapsular cataracts. The precipitates resulting from incubation
      with serum from these individuals were similar to those resulting from
      incubations with serum from senile cataract patients. The present study did not
      confirm the existence of exclusive serum factors capable of precipitating with
      gamma crystallin extract in patients with senile cataracts.

PMID- 970860
TI  - Studies in diagnosis of choroidal melanoma: use of 67Gallium.
AB  - A series of clinically suspected malignant melanomas was used to test the
      usefulness of 67Gallium citrate using external counting techniques. The
      comparison was made with angiograms, 32P uptake, and clinical examinations.
      67Gallium citrate uptkae proved to be an unreliable diagnostic tool with the
      described techniques. However, sufficient tissue concentration was obtained tin
      the tumor to suggest that improved probe counting systems with better resolution
      of ocular from extraocular tissue may allow this to become a useful technique in
      differentiating tumor from nontumor ocular pathology. A good indirect and direct
      ophthalmoscopic examination, along with periodic observation, were the most
      useful techniques for diagnosis in these cases. 32P uptake was extremely reliable
      (100%) and quite helpful in assuring the proper diagnosis.

PMID- 970861
TI  - [Rendu-Osler disease: apropos of 50 cases followed at the Gustave-Roussy
      Institute].
AB  - Rendu-Osler disease is an hereditary disease due to a predominantly antosomic
      heredity. The statistics given for 50 cases include 27 males 7 p. 100 of which
      had no familial antecedents. Clinically, Rendu-Osler disease begins in adulthood
      (44 p. 100) and often in late adulthood. In fact, it does not become really
      severe until about the age of 50 or 60. Epistaxis is the most frequent accident
      and proves fatal in more than 10 p. 100 of cases. Treatment of the nasal
      symptoms, whether this involves surgical excision followed by grafting or
      plesiocurietherapy using irridium wires, is very disappointing. The future alone
      will prove whether embolization gives more permanent results.

PMID- 970862
TI  - [Super-selective arteriography and embolization in severe epistaxis].
AB  - Super-selective arteriography technique is described. This examination enables
      the finest collaterals of the branches of the external carotid to be shown.
      Numerous anastomoses which explain the ineffectiveness of certain arterial
      ligatures used in epistaxis can be seen. Embolization has become an extremely
      common method for all facial malformations responsible for epistaxis and for O.
      R.-L. tumours fed by the external carotid. Several cases are described which
      demonstrate that embolization in severe epistaxis is a speedy, elegant and
      permanent method.

PMID- 970863
TI  - [Our attitude toward so-called essential severe epistaxis. The problem of
      vascular ligatures].
AB  - The authors describe their therapeutic attitude over the past few years towards
      severe epistaxis. In an emergency, anterior and posterior tamponage using thick
      tents is the main treatment used. Double balloon probes have been discontinued,
      in spite of the fact that they were well-tolerated, on account of the
      disappointing results they gave. In cases of relapse, when the posterior tampon
      is removed after 48 hours, systematic ligature of the sphenopalatine artery is
      carried out on arteriosclerosis patients aged about fifty who have high blood
      pressure. In other cases, the authors wait to see the effect of leaving a second
      tampon in place for a further 48 hours. In patients suffering from renal
      inadequacy, reabsorbable tents are preferable, prevention being the main aim,
      avoiding all treatment liable to counteract haemostasis. Generally speaking,
      ligature of the external carotid is often ineffective. It is the sphenopalatine
      artery which should be tied off (100 cases in the O.-R.L. Dept. of the Hopital
      Foch). Ligature of the ethmoid is rarely indicated.

PMID- 970864
TI  - [Rendu-Osler disease treated by endonasal radiotherapy (evaluation of 62 cases)].
AB  - Two groups of patients were treated by plesiocurietherapy. The first group of 17
      patients received only one exposure to radium (between 1949 and 1960). The second
      group received one or more doses of irridium 192 (between 1960 and 1973). The
      average period for stabilization of the disease was 13,2 months with radium and
      20,4 months with irridium. Unfortunately, this does not give a permanent cure
      and, for irridium 192, the percentage of successes is only 30 p. 100 after 5
      years. Logically, radiotherapy with irridium 192 should only be used when other
      methods have failed. The progressive accumulation of radio-lesions may, in fact,
      make the use of other techniques impossible.

PMID- 970865
TI  - [Trichocephaloidis beauporti n. sp., new cestode of Charadriiformes and some
      Passeriformes in Guadelupa (author's transl)].
AB  - Description of a new species of Dilepididae, Trichocephaloidis beauporti n. sp.,
      parasite of Charadriiform Birds (Tringa flaviceps; Micropalama himantopus;
      Gallinago gallinago delicata; Squatarola squatarola) of Guadelupa and also of a
      Passeriforme, Quiscalus lugubris. This species can easily be separated from other
      Trichocephaloidis by the structure of bifid rostellum and the length of Hooks (70
      77 mu). Trichocephaloidis charadrii is synonym of Trichocephaloidis
      megalocephala.

PMID- 970866
TI  - [Hymenolepis guadeloupensis n. sp., new cestode of domestic duck Anas boschas,
      Linne (author's transl)].
AB  - Description of a new species of Hymenolepididae, Hymenolepis guadeloupensis n.
      sp., parasite of domestic duck, Anas boschas Linne, in Guadalupa. This species,
      actually, cannot be completely identified to Hymenolepis fista Meggitt, 1933,
      Cestode of asiatic Cotton ygmy goose, because the latter is insufficiently
      described.

PMID- 970867
TI  - [Enumeration of the cestodes of plankton and marine invertebrates. 9th
      contribution].
AB  - This 9th Contribution concerns Cestodes obtained from: A Lamellibranchiata, B
      Gastropoda, C Pteropoda, D Cephalopoda, E Crustacea.

PMID- 970868
TI  - [Neopolystoma euzeti n. sp. (Monogenea, Polystomatidae) first member of the genus
      Neopolystoma Price, 1939 in Africa (author's transl)].
AB  - Neopolystoma euzeti n. sp., a parasite of the urinary bladder and the rectum of
      the freshwater tortoise Clemys caspica var. leprosa in Tunisia, is mainly
      characterized by its genital spines in high number (33 to 36) and the very
      important extension of the vitellaria. It is the first species of the genus
      Neopolystoma Price, 1939, to be described in Africa, the others being known from
      North America, Japan and Eastern Siberia.

PMID- 970869
TI  - [Experimental schistosomiasis. II. Infection of Biophalaria glabrata by 2
      miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni].
AB  - The authors have infected 127 B. glabrata by 2 miracidia of S. mansoni, either on
      the Same day, or introducing a second miracidium after 3, 7 and 16 days. 1 All
      the groups of planorbid snails had a low percentage of positivity (31 to 41 %). 2
      The first cercarial emissions, in the 4 groups were scattered in the time, the
      delay being in correlation with the second infection. 3 In the snails reinfected
      after 3 and 7 days occured the highest emissions, those with the simultaneous
      double infection or second infection delayed to 16 days, had the lesser
      emissions. 4 An interval cycle of about 3 weeks was discovered for the highest
      emissions. All those phenomena are probably due to competition between the
      sporocysts born from both miracidia. Moreover, evident reduction of the fecundity
      in the positive snails were shown only after the beginning of the cercarial
      emissions, while a normal, or even increased fecundity was established in the
      prepatent period of the infected snails.

PMID- 970870
TI  - [Phlebotomi (Diptera, Psychodidae) of termitaries of eastern Senegal].

PMID- 970871
TI  - [Cytoenzymologic localization of an esterase active on naphthol AS-D chloracetate
      in primary granulations of neutrophilic granulocytes in human blood].

PMID- 970872
TI  - [Chemical and biological research on the mycotoxins of Fusarium].

PMID- 970873
TI  - [Plants of New Caledonia. XXXIX. Alkaloids of leaves of Pagiantha cerifera Mrgf
      (Apocynacae)].

PMID- 970874
TI  - [Identification and analysis of commercial isoborneol and borneol by gas phase
      chromatography and proton N.M.R].

PMID- 970875
TI  - [Antithrombin III during coagulation in vitro].

PMID- 970876
TI  - [Animal feed, its economic importance and problems].

PMID- 970877
TI  - Analysis of allantoin in pharmaceutic products.

PMID- 970878
TI  - The art of lecturing.

PMID- 970879
TI  - Clinical teaching.

PMID- 970880
TI  - Surgery by presentation.

PMID- 970881
TI  - The value of research in surgical training.

PMID- 970882
TI  - The different components of gastric emptying after gastric surgery.
AB  - Gastric emptying of liquid and solid meals was studied before and after operation
      in 22 male patients who were admitted to a prospective randomized trial of
      truncal vagotomy and antrectomy and proximal gastric vagotomy in the treatment of
      duodenal ulceration. After operation the emptying of both solid and liquid meals
      was biphasic, with a passive early phase and a later controlled active phase. A
      significant increase in early liquid emptying was produced by both operations,
      and after truncal vagotomy and antrectomy also with the solid meal. Active
      emptying of the liquid meals was unaffected by either operation, but both
      operations significantly prolonged the active emptying of the solid meals. The
      clinical symptoms of dumping were related to rapid early liquid emptying
      (cascading) and those of gastric retention were related to delayed active
      emptying of the solid meal. These findings explain how the same operation can
      produce the opposing symptom complexes of dumping and gastric retention and how
      both sets of symptoms can occur in the same individual.

PMID- 970883
TI  - Assessment of anatomy in the Primary FRCS.

PMID- 970884
TI  - Treatment of benign breast disease.

PMID- 970885
TI  - The diagnosis and assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms by ultrasonography.
AB  - A study of 150 patients examined by ultrasonography is described. It was designed
      specifically to diagnose and investigate abdominal aortic aneurysms. Sixty-four
      aneurysms were found. Ultrasonography was useful in distinguishing aneurysms from
      other conditions and there was a high degree of correlation between size measured
      by scanning and operative size. In addition to the demonstration of rupture it
      was possible to perform serial measurements. The technique is simple and quick
      and causes minimal disturbance to the patient.

PMID- 970886
TI  - Hazards in the management of large intra-abdominal tumours.
AB  - Whatever their nature, large intra-abdominal tumours interfere with respiratory
      and circulatory function by producing elevation and splinting of the diaphragm
      and partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava. The main hazards involved in
      removing such tumours are consequences of abdominal decompression, which may
      produce a labile cardiovascular state, respiratory difficulties, and rapid
      intestinal distension. A knowledge of the deranged physiology and its management
      may avert these complications. Careful preparation, modification of anaesthetic
      technique, postoperative ventilation, and external abdominal compression are
      important. To illustrate the discussion two cases of large ovarian cysts are
      described.

PMID- 970887
TI  - Subtotal amputation for carcinoma of the penis with reconstruction of penile
      stump.
AB  - Partial and total amputation are well-accepted procedures for the surgical
      treatment of carcinoma of the penis. In certain cases after adequate amputation
      the residual penile stump is too small from the penoscrotal junction to offer
      useful function, and a total amputation is therefore usually performed. In such
      cases a subtotal amputation with reconstruction of the penile stump avoids a
      perineal urethrostomy and permits micturition in the erect posture.

PMID- 970888
TI  - Bioplast fibrin buttons for liver biopsy and partial hepatic resection.
AB  - Absorbable buttons made from fibrin (Bioplast buttons) have been used to
      facilitate liver biopsy or to control haemorrhage from the liver in 3 dogs and 14
      patients. The buttons are easy to use, effective, and readily absorbed.

PMID- 970889
TI  - [Treatment of fractures of the calcaneum by P. Dautry's functional method
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 970890
TI  - [Fractures of thecalcaneum. Results of treatment by the functional method from
      1961 to 1973 (author's transl)].

PMID- 970891
TI  - [Ski accidents. A series of 5,200 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 970892
TI  - [Secondary carcinoma of the pancreas (author's transl)].

PMID- 970893
TI  - [Double gastric perforation and colonic perforation during necrotising
      pancreatitis submitted to arteriography (author's transl)].

PMID- 970894
TI  - [Physiological basis of highly selective vagotomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 970895
TI  - [Technique of supra-selective vagotomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 970896
TI  - [Aneurysm of the gluteal artery. General study. Report of one case (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 970897
TI  - Effect of 2 br-alpha-ergocryptin (CB 154) on serum prolactin and the clinical
      picture in a case of progressive gigantomastia in pregnancy.
AB  - A 24 year old woman who had epilepsy since the age of 7 years and who was still
      using antiepileptics, developed an excessive mamary growth (gigantomastia) during
      pregnancy. Treatment with CB 154 (Sandoz), 2 Br-alpha-ergocryptin in a dose of
      2.5 mg three times a day from the 27th week of pregnancy, resulted in prompt
      improvement with a corresponding decrease in the plasma prolactin, return of the
      breast temperature to normal, and disappearance of the EEG-abnormalities. After
      parturition and subsequent mammoplasty the woman soon became pregant again.
      During this pregnancy, which terminated in the birth of a normal child, treatment
      with CB 154 was started early and continued throughout pregnancy with success and
      without side effects.

PMID- 970898
TI  - Multiple mesenteric cysts diagnosed by ultrasound. A case report.
AB  - The diagnostic value of ultrasound in mesenteric cysts in infancy and childhood
      is demonstrated by a case report of a 4 year old girl with multiple cysts in the
      transverse mesocolon and with no other symptoms or signs than an enlargement of
      the abdomen. Neither clinical nor radiological examination could give the
      diagnosis, whereas ultrasound examination promptly revealed large, thin-walled,
      partly locular, cystic masses.

PMID- 970899
TI  - A study of cumulative effects and recovery from anaesthesia with intermittent
      doses of althesin. A comparison with methohexitone.
AB  - The cumulative effects and post-anaesthetic recovery of Althesin were studied by
      comparing the drug with methohexitone in a series of 60 patients undergoing
      surgery for varicose veins. Anaesthesia was maintained with each anaesthetic
      agent in 30 patients by administration of intermittent doses of the respective
      drugs in accordance with the surgical stimulus. When repeat doses were required
      at intervals of 2 to 5 minutes, the fall off in requirements was observed with
      both anaesthetics, more distinctly with Althesin than with methohexitone. No
      significant difference could be observed in the time required for immediate
      awakening after the two drugs. However, the majority of the patients
      anaesthetized with Althesin displayed a peculiar lack of mental clarity for a
      short period after recovering consciousness. The recovery from anaesthesia was
      studied by various tests and observations. Recovery after Althesin appeared to
      proceed slightly faster than after methohexitone. When Althesin was required in
      high total dosage (exceeding 150 mu1/kg), the immediate awakening was associated
      with emotional upset and confusion. Frequency of nausea and vomiting after
      anaesthesia was considerably higher in the Althesin group than in the
      methohexitone group. These symptoms might be toxic due to the excessive dosage
      given. Using the induction time as a basis for calculation of the potency ratio,
      Althesin and methohexiton were found to have the ratio of 1:33 (expressed in
      mu1/kg : mg/kg).

PMID- 970900
TI  - Use of 131I-toluidine blue in radionuclide imaging of enlarged parathyroid
      glands.
AB  - Parathyroid scintigraphy with 131I-labelled toluidine blue was performed in 40
      patients, 30 of whom were operated for suspected hyperparathyroidism.
      Hyperplastic glands or adenomas could be localized by scintigraphy in 18 of 27
      patients who proved to have hyperparathyroidism. The correlation between
      scintigraphy and operative finding was always correct when the parathyroids
      weighed more than 2 g. Scintigraphy was correctly negative in one, falsely
      negative in 6, and falsely positive in 5 of the operated patients. In a group of
      10 unoperated patients, scintigraphy was positive in one of the 3 patients with
      suspected hyperparathyroidism, but negative in the others. Although 131I
      toluidine blue is not ideal as a scintigraphic agent for the parathyroids, we are
      of the opinion that it represents an improvement compared with 75Se
      selenomethionine.

PMID- 970901
TI  - Spigelian hernia.
AB  - Six consecutive patients with Spigelian hernia treated operatively over a period
      of ten years are reported. There were no complications, no deaths, and no
      recurrence in this series. Recognition of this rather rare lesion may be
      difficult, but it is important because of its quite high predisposition to
      incarceration and strangulation. The main pathological and clinical features are
      discussed, and the literature briefly reviewed.

PMID- 970902
TI  - The effect of prophylactic use of furosemide on renal function during open heart
      surgery.
AB  - Forty-five patients who underwent open heart surgery were divided into a short
      perfusion group (SPG, 21 patients) with a perfusion time shorter than 60 minutes
      and a long-perfusion group (LPG, 24 patients) with a perfusion time longer than
      60 minutes. Nine patients in the SPG and 13 in the LPG received furosemide
      prophylactically prior to the perfusion. The furosemide dose was 20-60 mg. During
      the perfusion and postoperatively all patients were given furosemide when
      necessary, i.e. when the volume for diuresis per hour declined below 40 ml/h. The
      patients who received prophylactic furosemide in the LPG subsequently had clearly
      less need for furosemide (3.9 mg/h) than the control subjects (7.9 mg/h/3 day).
      The patients with furosemide prophylaxis in the LPG had significantly ( less than
      0.05) higher creatinine clearance and lower serum creatinine values during the
      postoperative night period and on the 3rd day. In perfusions lasting less than 60
      minutes the patients with furosemide prophylaxis had significantly higher urine
      flow (p less than 0.001), sodium excretion (p less than 0.001) and potassium
      excretio-n (p less than 0.01) during bypass surgery and postoperatively compared
      with that of controls. According to our findings, the prophylactic use of
      furosemide had a beneficial effect on glomerular filtration rate (endogenous
      creatinine clearance) and postoperative serum creatinine level in LPG. In
      perfusion shorter than 60 minutes furosemide prophylaxis may be harmful owing to
      the increased excretion of water, sodium and potassium.

PMID- 970903
TI  - Surgical considerations in tracheal resection for tracheal stenosis.
AB  - Five patients were succesfully operated upon for tracheal stricture following
      prolonged assisted ventilation with a cuffed tracheal tube. The operative
      exposures and techniques to be recommended with relation to site and extent of
      tracheal stenosis are discussed. Most tracheal resections can be carried out
      through a low cervical incision. Lesions of the lower part of the trachea (5 cm
      or less from the carina) are best approached through a right posterolateral
      thoracotomy incision. A stenosed tracheal segment of 4 cm or less can be resected
      easily by both routes without undue tension on the anastomotic line. The use of
      interrupted Prolene sutures is proposed for the tracheal anastomosis, because it
      produces much less tissue reaction than chromic catgut.

PMID- 970904
TI  - The effect of furosemide on renal blood flow and renal tissue oxygen tension in
      dogs.
AB  - The effect of furosemide (2 mg/kg i.v.) on blood flowin the renal artery and the
      tissue oxygen tension of the renal cortex and medulla was investigated in six
      dogs. The flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter and the tissue
      oxygen tension with IBC tissue oxygen electrodes. The flow in the renal artery
      increased significantly (p less than 0.05) 5-15 minutes after furosemide
      administration. 40 minutes after the injection the flow had returned to its
      initial level. The tissue oxygen tension of both the cortex and the medulla
      showed significant elevation following furosemide administration. The maximum
      increase of tissue oxygen tension was recorded 10-20 minutes after the injection.
      The oxygen tension values exceeded the initial level by 22% in the cortex and by
      48% (p less than 0.001) in the medulla. Simultaneously, with the changes in
      oxygen tension, urine output increase considerably and urine osmolality declined.
      Application of these renal effects of furosemide in clinical work, particularly
      in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, is discussed.

PMID- 970905
TI  - The effect of furosemide on potassium balance in open heart surgery.
AB  - Potassium balance was investigated in forty-five patients who underwent open
      heart surgery. The patients were divided into a short-perfusion group (SPG, 24
      patients) with a perfusion time shorter than 60 minutes and a long-perfusion
      group (LPG, 24 patients) with a perfusion time longer than 60 minutes. Nine
      patients in the SPG and 13 in the LPG received furosemide prophylactically prior
      to the perfusion. The furosemide dose was 20-60 mg. During the perfusion
      andpostoperatively all patients were given furosemide when necessary, i.e. when
      the urine output declined below 0.5 ml/kg/h. In both the short- and the long
      perfusion groups potassium balance was negative on the day of operation and the
      following day. On the day of operation the patients in the SPG with furosemide
      prophylaxis had a negative potassium balance of 116 mmol and without prophylaxis
      of 33 mmol. The corresponding values in the LPG were 35 and 31 mmol. On the first
      postoperative day the values were 33 mmol and 50 mmol in the SPG and 29 mmol and
      36 mmol in the LPG, respectively. The serum potassium level declined slightly in
      all the groups; the greatest decline was recorded for the SPG patients with
      prophylactic furosemide administration.

PMID- 970906
TI  - Blood alcohol levels in injury victims at the emergency station of a rural
      central hospital.
AB  - Blood alcohol was determined in 182 consecutive adult injury victims at the
      emergency station of a rural central hospital during a fortnight in March 1974.
      In 30% of them alcohol was found in the blood. The percentage was 38 in males and
      15 in females. No significant differences in alcohol involvement (AI) between
      social classes were noted. During the night 62% of the patients had ingested
      alcohol. The injuries on Saturdays were more often alcohol-involved (54%) than on
      other days of the week (26%). AI was very frequent (86%) in the victims of
      fights, assaults, and suicide attempts, while it was only rarely (9%) seen in
      industrial accidents. AI was clinically detected in 72% of the cases with
      positive blood alcohol concentrations. It can be concluded from the results of
      this and other studies referred to, that the AI rate for fresh injuries of adults
      at the Pinnish emergency stations was about 30-35%.

PMID- 970907
TI  - Blood alcohol levels in a series of injured patients with special reference to
      accident and type of injury.
AB  - Blood alcohol was determined in 1012 injury victims. It was found that the
      alcohol involvement (AI) rate was 37% in the total number of patients, 19% in
      industrial, 38% in traffic, 36% in home, 45% in other freetime accidents, and 69%
      in the victims of fights, assaults, and suicide attempts. The most common
      external cause of injury was falling (447 cases) with an AI rate of 38%, while
      the 172 other nontraffic true accident cases had a rate of 24%. The road and
      stairs were the usual places of falls while intoxicated. Head injuries had a high
      (47%) and upper extremity injuries a low (25%) AI rate. Tibial and ankle
      fractures were also very often associated with alcohol intake. Contrarily to
      traffic and industrial accidents the slightly injured at home and in other
      freetime environments had been drinking more frequently than the severely
      injured. The data suggest that alcohol is a powerful contributing factor in
      leisure-time injuries. Head and low leg are especially vulnerable in drunken
      persons. Not only driving but even when walking while intoxicated means taking
      risks.

PMID- 970908
TI  - [Sixteen cases of chylothorax (author's transl)].

PMID- 970909
TI  - [Chylous discharge in the thorax. With reference to 8 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 970910
TI  - [With reference to 5 cases of chylous discharge in the thorax: 4 post-operative
      and 1 traumatic (author's transl)].

PMID- 970911
TI  - [Post-operative chylothorax following surgery for oesophageal cancer (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 970912
TI  - [Three cases of chylothorax (author's transl)].

PMID- 970913
TI  - [Chylothorax and lymphangiomyomatosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 970914
TI  - [Solitary chylopericardium- with reference to two cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 970915
TI  - [Chylopericardium and tuberculous adenopathy of the mediastinum (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 970916
TI  - [The Mustard operation in the first year of life (author's transl)].

PMID- 970917
TI  - [Circulatory consequences of systemic vascularization of a right lung with total
      pulmonary vein return (author's transl)].

PMID- 970918
TI  - [Bony involvement in cutaneous epitheliomas of the face. Value of radioisotope
      scanning with technetium 99m-labelled diphosphanates].

PMID- 970919
TI  - [Biomechanical justification of a new osteosynthesis device in facial surgery].

PMID- 970920
TI  - [Value of arterial grafts in reconstruction of the lacrimal ducts following
      trauma].

PMID- 970921
TI  - [Repair following excision of extensive scalp cancer with osteodural involvement:
      value of the free omentum transplant with vascular micro-anastomoses].

PMID- 970922
TI  - [Rhytidectomy: analytical study of the incisions].

PMID- 970923
TI  - [Associated dislocations of the face and the skull].

PMID- 970924
TI  - Use of hemodialysis and forced diuresis in the treatment of poisoning.
AB  - This paper is a brief commentary of the role of forced diuresis and hemodialysis
      in the treatment of acute poisoning. The importance of informed conservative
      management is stressed. Rationale and methods of forced diuresis and urinary
      alkalinization are presented. Dialysis is reserved for special situations where
      shortening the poison-patient contact time is indicated.

PMID- 970925
TI  - Serum cholesterol esterifying activity in kwasiorkor.
AB  - Serum lipid levels were determined in 30 children with kwashiorkor and in 30
      healthy children of comparable age. The serum concentrations of unesterified and
      esterified cholesterol, albumin and the cholesterol esterifying activity (CEA)
      were also measured in children with kwashiorkor before treatment and after
      recovery. All serum lipid fractions were significantly lower in kwashiorkor than
      in the normal children. After treatment and recovery, serum lipid levels were
      comparable to those observed in normal children. There was also a significant
      increase in serum cholesterol esterifying activity (CEA) following recovery from
      kwashiorkor.

PMID- 970926
TI  - Fluorocarbon toxicity: aerosol deaths and anaesthetic reactions.
AB  - Twelve cases of death due to fluorocarbon inhalation have been seen in a four
      year period 1971-1975. The source of the material has been commercial spray cans.
      The postmortem examinations are nonspecific, but a history of excitement or
      sudden death is often elicited. Confirmation of the cause of death was made by
      demonstration of a halogenated hydrocarbon in the blood by gas chromatography.

PMID- 970927
TI  - Disorders of granulocytes induced by toxic agents.
AB  - The effect of various toxic agents on granulocytes or their precursors is
      reviewed with emphasis on hypoplastic anemia, granylocytopenia (toxic,
      idiosyncratic and immune), leukemia and morphologic cytoplasmic and nuclear
      changes.

PMID- 970928
TI  - Fractionation of serum cholesterol: a critique.
AB  - A procedure for fractionation of serum cholesterol is developed by employing
      digitonin for the precipitation of free cholesterol in isopropanol. This method
      is based on the ferric acetate color reaction which is unaffected by traces of
      digitonin. It is influenced only negligibly by the presence of stanols in serum
      and is shown to be equally chromogenic with respect to both free and ester forms
      of cholesterol. The proposed procedure shows a three-fold improvement in
      precision (3.1 percent coefficient of variation [CV]) compared to that of the
      procedure by Leffler and McDougald (10.5 percent C.V.) which is based on the
      ferric chloride color reaction. The proposed free cholestrol procedure showed a
      mean recovery of 99.5% percent (98.1 to 102.5 percent) when cholesterol in 40 to
      200 mg per dl concentrations was added to serum. The analytical performance of
      the proposed fractionation of serum cholesterol is critically reviewed with
      respect to its potential application in the diagnosis of liver diseases and in
      basic or experimental research.

PMID- 970929
TI  - Comparative sensitivities of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and
      molecular absorption spectrophotometry (MAS).
AB  - A sensitivity comparison was made between conventional atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry (AAS) and conventional molecular absorption spectrophotometry
      (MAS) for the serum trace metals, copper, iron, and zinc. The sensitivity aspect
      considered was absorbances was obtained for concentrations in the solutions
      analyzed using unit lightpaths of 1 cm and 10 cm for MAS and AAS, respectively. A
      distinction was made between procedural sensitivity and measurement sensitivity
      where the latter represents molar absorptivity. Some  was given to the concepts
      of procedural sensitization by concentration of the analyte through the use of
      lyophilization, extraction or ashing. The misuse of data obtained with scale
      expanders is described as a commonly occurring phenomenon of both AAS and MAS and
      a source of confusion in the understanding of measurement sensitivity.

PMID- 970930
TI  - Carbon monoxide in firemen before and after exposure to smoke.
AB  - A statistically significant difference was found between the mean baseline
      carboxyhemoglobin of non-smoking firemen (COHb 2.53, sd = 1.05, n = 32) and
      smoking firemen (COHb 5.54, sd = 2.61, n = 26). A consistent increase in mean
      COHb levels after exposure to smoke was seen in both non-smoking (4.41 sd = 2.95,
      n = 7) and smoking men (8.74, sd = 5.66, n = 11), but the mean increase in these
      two groups was statistically significant only at the 90 percent level (t = 1.85,
      df = 16, p less than 0.1).

PMID- 970931
TI  - The carcinogenic effect of inhaled asbestos fibers.
AB  - Inhalation of asbestos fibers is associated with high incidence of lung cancers
      and pleural or peritoneal mesotheliomas in humans. All of these lesions were
      successfully reproduced in animal experiment, and it was shown that asbestos
      neoplasm may occur with or without accompanying asbestosis. Incidence of tumors
      from crocidolite was nearly three times as high as from chrysotile or amosite. It
      is possible that different carcinogenic entities are responsible for the
      causation of lung tumors and mesothelial tumors. Lung tumors seem to depend on
      the adsorptive capacity of asbestos fibers, allowing other carcinogens (heavy
      metals, polycyclic hydrocarbons, cigarette smoke) to attain a critical focal
      concentration. Mesothelial tumors, on the other hand, might arise in response to
      mechanical irritation by fibers which may become lodged during lymphatic spread.
      Tissues subject to constant respiratory movement (e.g., pleura or peritoneum) are
      specifically vulnerable to the latter action.

PMID- 970932
TI  - Mechanism of D-alanine production by Corynebacterium fascians.
AB  - The amounts of extracellular D-alanine accumulated by Corynebacterium fascians
      ATCC 21950 in a medium containing glycerol as the sole carbon source is increased
      to almost 12 mg/ml by adding pyruvate to the medium. Cell-free extracts of C.
      fascians were shown to possess both L-alanine dehydrogenase and alanine racemase
      activities. These results indicated that a mechanism exists that allows this
      microorganism to synthesize D-alanine from pyruvate. A study comparing the
      optical purity of the intracellular alanine and the extracellular alanine
      suggested that the cell membrane possesses the stereospecific permeability for D
      alanine. Thus, it may be concluded that L-alanine is first formed from pyruvate
      by L-alanine dehydrogenase and then converted to D-alanine by racemase inside the
      cells. Subsequently, only D-alanine leaks out stereospecifically through the cell
      membrane, and large amounts of D-alanine accumulate in the extracellular medium.

PMID- 970933
TI  - Acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) associated with corn inoculated with
      Spirillum.
AB  - Sorghum and corn breeding lines were grown in soil in field and greenhouse
      experiments with and without an inoculum of N2-fixing in Spirillum strains from
      Brazil. Estimated rates of N2 fixation associated with field-grown corn and
      sorghum plants were less than 4 g of N2/ha per day. The mean estimated N2
      fixation rates determined on segments of roots from corn inoculated with
      Spirillum and grown in the greenhouse at 24 to 27 degrees C were 15 g of N2/ha
      per day (16 inbreds), 25 g of N2/ha per day (six hybrids), and 165 g of N2/ha per
      day for one hybird which was heavily inoculated. The corresponding mean rates
      determined from measurements of in situ cultures of the same series of corn
      plants (i.e., 16 inbreds, six hybrids, and one heavily inoculated hybrid) were
      0.4, 2.3, and 1.1 g of N2/ha per day, respectively. Lower rates of C2H2 reduction
      were associated with control corn cultures which had been treated with autoclaved
      Spirillum than with cultures inoculated with live Spirillum. No C2H2 reduction
      was detected in plant cultures treated with ammonium nitrate. Numbers of nitrogen
      fixing bacteria on excised roots of corn plants increased an average of about 30
      fold during an overnight preincubation period, and as a result acetylene
      reduction assays of root samples after preincubation failed to serve as a valid
      basis for estimating N2 fixation by corn in pot cultures. Plants grown without
      added nitrogen either with or without inoculum exhibited severe symptoms of
      nitrogen deficiency and in most cases produced significantly less dry weight than
      those supplied with fixed nitrogen. Although substantial rates of C2H2 reduction
      by excised corn roots were observed after preincubation under limited oxygen, the
      yield and nitrogen content of inoculated plants and the C2H2-reduction rates by
      inoculated pot cultures of corn, in situ, provided no evidence of appreciable N2
      fixation.

PMID- 970934
TI  - Methionine overproduction by Saccharomycopsis lipolytica.
AB  - Six ethionine-resistant (Etr) regulatory mutants of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica
      Sl/1 overproducing methionine have been isolated. Five of them are also resistant
      to seleno-methionine. The activity of homocysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L
      hormoserine-acetate lyase, adding hydrogen sulfide) is derepressed in these
      mutants and is not susceptible to the methionine-mediated repression. The pool of
      free methionine in Etr mutants is enhanced 1.5 to 18 times, and incorporation of
      35S into methionine is 1.5 to 50 times higher than that in the wild strain.
      Neither accumulation of endogenous free methionine in Etr mutants nor the uptake
      of exogenous methionine is accompanied by an increase in the S-adenosylmethionine
      pool. This implies compartmentation of methionine metabolism in S. lipolytica.

PMID- 970935
TI  - Study of plating efficiency of bacteriophages of thermophilic lactic acid
      bacteria on different media.
AB  - The qualitative and quantitative abilities of phages of 13 strains of
      thermophilic lactic bacteria (lactobacilli and streptococci) to produce plaques
      on six different media were studied. The influence of the addition of calcium on
      the one hand, and of incubation conditions (aero-anaerobiosis), on the other
      hand, was also examined. For the phages of lactobacilli, the best results were
      obtained with the medium of de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (1960), whereas for the
      phages of streptococci the medium of Hogg and Jago (1970) appeared to be the
      best. Calcium and incubation conditions play a role which is variable in
      importance, but rarely negligible.

PMID- 970936
TI  - Adsorption of bacteria to roots as related to host specificity in the Rhizobium
      clover symbiosis.
AB  - Quantitative microscope techniques were utilized to examine the adsorption of
      rhizobial cells to clover root hairs. Adsorption of cells of noninfective strains
      of Rhizobium trifolii or infective R. meliloti strains to clover root hairs was
      four to five times less than that of the infective R. trifolii strains.
      Attachment of the rod-shaped bacteria to clover root cells occurred in a polar,
      end-on fashion. Viable or heat-killed R. trifolii cells precoated with a clover
      lectin having 2-deoxyglucose specificity had increased adsorption to clover
      roots. Adsorption of bacteria to roots was not increased if the clover lectin was
      inactivated by heat or 2-deoxyglucose treatment prior to incubation with R.
      trifolii. Adsorption of R. trifolii to clover root hairs was inhibited by 2
      deoxyglucose (30 mM) but not by 2-deoxygalactose or alpha-D-glucose. Adsorption
      of R. meliloti cells to alfalfa root hairs was not affected by 2-deoxyglucose at
      that concentration. These results suggest that expression of host specificity in
      the Rhizobium-clover symbiosis involves a preferential adsorption of infective
      cells to clover root hairs through a 2-deoxyglucose-sensitive receptor site.

PMID- 970937
TI  - Ring hydroxylation of p-chlorophenylacetate by an arthrobacter strain.
AB  - Resting cell suspensions of a strain of Arthrobacter grown on phenylacetate
      converted p-chlorophenylacetate to two products. One of the products was
      identified as 4-chloro-3-hydroxyphenylacetate.

PMID- 970938
TI  - Preparation of phase 1Q fever antigen suitable for vaccine use.
AB  - Five lots of phase 1 Q fever antigen suitable for use as vaccine were prepared
      utilizing the Freon-brushite method of antigen purification. Antigen
      concentration levels were initially adjusted turbidimetrically and later
      confirmed by antibody response in guinea pigs. Data showed that all lots were
      essentially identical in purity and antigenicity.

PMID- 970939
TI  - Effect of dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons on the growth of marine bacteria in
      batch culture.
AB  - Dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons were found to decrease growth rate and maximum
      cell density of marine bacteria in batch cultures. The magnitude of the decrement
      was observed to be a function of concentration of the hydrocarbon and inherent
      toxicity. The inherent toxicity was observed to increase inversely with
      solubility such that naphthalene at 100 muM concentration demonstrated a toxic
      effect similar to benzopyrene at 0.02 muM. A partial oxidation product of
      naphthalene was found to be more effective in decreasing growth parameters than
      naphthalene at equivalent concentrations and to cause complete cessation of
      growth at the higher concentrations permitted by its polar structure.

PMID- 970940
TI  - Production of sterigmatocystin by Aspergillus versicolor and Bipolaris
      sorokiniana on semisynthetic liquid and solid media.
AB  - Higher yields of sterigmatocystin were obtained with Aspergillus versicolor than
      with Bipolaris sorokiniana both in liquid and on solid media. The optimum
      temperature for sterigmatocystin production by A. versicolor was 27 to 29 degrees
      C and 23 degrees C for B. sorokiniana. In liquid shake cultures, production of
      sterigmatocystin by B. sorokiniana was negligible, whereas maximal production by
      A. versicolor was 210 mg/liter. On solid substrates, the highest yields (8 g/kg)
      were obtained with A. versicolor on still cultures of whole corn supplemented
      with Soytone.

PMID- 970941
TI  - Metabolism of DDT analogues by a Pseudomonas sp.
AB  - A Pseudomonas sp. rapidly metabolized several nonchlorinated analogues of DDT,
      with the exception of 2,2-diphenylethanol, as the sole carbon source. Several of
      the mono-p-chloro-substituted diphenyl analogues were also metabolized as the
      sole carbon source by the bacterium. The resulting chlorinated aromatic acid
      metabolites were not further metabolized. The isolate was unable to metabolize
      p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl analogues as the sole carbon source.

PMID- 970942
TI  - Volatiles produced by microorganisms isolated from refrigerated chicken at
      spoilage.
AB  - Volatile components present at spoilage of refrigerated chicken breasts were
      identified using high-vacuum-low-temperature distillation techniques followed by
      analysis with combined temperature-programmed gas chromatography and mass
      spectrometry. A comparison was made of the compounds detected from both
      irradiated and non-irradiated muscle stored at 2 and 10 degrees C under both
      aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Isolates were randomly selected from the
      spoiled poultry, identified, and evaluated for their ability to produce volatile
      spoilage noted when grown on radiation-sterilized chicken. Several isolates that
      produced off-odors on sterile chicken breasts were examined. Twenty-two compounds
      were associated with spoilage. Some of the compounds found on both irradiated and
      unirradiated samples were considered to play only a minor role in the spoilage
      aroma or were present in low concentrations, since the aroma of spoiled
      irradiated chicken lacked the harsh odor notes typical of spoiled unirradiated
      chicken. Fifteen of the 22 compounds were considered to be unique to
      unirradiated, aerobically spoiled samples. Nine of these compounds, hydrogen
      sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methyl acetate,
      ethyl acetate, heptadiene, methanol, and ethanol, were found on chicken spoiled
      at both 2 and 10 degrees C. xylene, benzaldehyde, and 2,3-dithiahexane were
      detected only in samples stored at 2 degrees C and methyl thiolacetate, 2
      butanone, and ethyl propionate were associated with 10 degrees C spoilage. Fifty
      eight isolates randomly selected from fresh, radiation-pasteurized, and
      unirradiated spoiled poultry were classified taxonomically, and 10 of them, which
      produced spoilage odors on sterilized chicken breasts, were selected for
      subsequent analysis of their volatiles. Isolates identified as Pseudomonas
      putrefaciens and Pseudomonas species that were members of groups I and II of
      Shewan's classification, as well as Flavobacterium and oxidative Moraxella,
      produced a number of the compounds found in the aroma of spoiled chicken. A total
      of 17 compounds were identified. Whereas no isolate produced all of the aroma
      compounds found in the aroma of spoiled chicken, together they did produce the
      nine found in unirradiated samples spoiled at either 2 or 10 degrees C, as well
      as methyl thiolacetate and xylene. Six compounds were present in the volatiles
      produced by the isolates but were absent in the volatiles identified from spoiled
      chicken. These were hydrogen cyanide, methyl isopropyl sulfide, 2-propane thiol,
      methyl propionate, ethyl benzene, and an unidentified compound.

PMID- 970943
TI  - Effects of nutritional characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae on inhibition
      of growth by lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide in chemically defined
      culture medium.
AB  - Five cultures of Streptococcus agalactiae have an absolute requirement for L
      cystine to grow in a chemically defined medium. The L-cystine could be replaced
      with cysteine, glutathione, or the disulfide form of glutathione. Dithiothreitol
      could not substitute for the sulfur-containing amino acids of glutathione; hence,
      the growth requirement appears to be truly nutritional. Growth was maximum with 4
      to 5 mug of L-cystine per ml. If the concentration of L-cystine was no greater
      than 4 to 5 mug/ml, complete growth inhibition could be obtained by the addition
      of lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate, and H2O2. The growth inhibition, however, was
      nullified by additions of L-cystine 10-fold or more in excess of the
      concentration needed for maximum growth. During the aerobic degradation of
      glucose by cell suspensions, H2O2 accumulation could be shown with cultures 317
      and 11-13, the only cultures the growth of which was inhibited without addition
      of exogenous H2O2. All of the cultures had varying degrees of peroxidase
      activity. The balance between H2O2 generation and peroxidase activity of the
      culture evidently determined whether growth could be inhibited with
      lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate without H2O2 addition. The growth yeilds per 0.5
      mol of the disulfide forms (cystine and oxidized glutathione) were 1.5 and 1.9
      times greater than that per 1 mol of the sulfhydryl forms (cysteine and
      glutathione).

PMID- 970944
TI  - Effect of storage time and temperature and the variation among replicate tests
      (on different days) on the performance of spore disks and strips.
AB  - Laboratory-prepared spore disks were stored for 96 weeks at 22 degrees C with 50%
      relative humidity (RH) and at 4 degrees C with less than 1% RH. At the same time
      commercial spore strips were stored for 64 weeks at 22 degrees C with 50% RH. The
      spore count per unit and the heat resistance were measured at the beginning of
      the experiment and after 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, and 96 weeks of storage. The
      laboratory-prepared spore disks stored at 4 degrees C with less than 1% RH showed
      less change in numbers of spores per disks and decrease in the survival time than
      did the disks stored at 22 degrees C with 50% RH. Both the laboratory-prepared
      spore disks and  the commercial spore strips stored at 22 degrees C with 50% RH
      decreased in survival times with increased storage time. The relative change in
      the survival times with storage was less for the commercial spore strips than for
      the laboratory-prepared spore disks.

PMID- 970945
TI  - Inhibition of methanogenesis in salt marsh sediments and whole-cell suspensions
      of methanogenic bacteria by nitrogen oxides.
AB  - Hydrogen-dependent evolution of methane from salt marsh sediments and whole-cell
      suspensions of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and Methanobacterium
      fornicicum ceased or decreased after the introduction of nitrate, nitrite, nitric
      oxide, or nitrous oxide. Sulfite had a similar effect on methanogenesis in the
      whole-cell suspensions. In salt marsh sediments, nitrous oxide was the strongest
      inhibitor, followed by nitric oxide, nitrite, and nitrate in decreasing order of
      inhibition. In whole-cell suspensions, nitric oxide was the strongest inhibitor,
      followed by nitrous oxide, nitrite, and nitrate. Consideration of the results
      from experiments using an indicator of oxidation potential, along with the
      reversed order of effectiveness of the nitrogen oxides in relation to their
      degree of reduction ,suggests that the inhibitory effect observed was not due to
      a redox change. Evidence is also presented that suggests that the decrease in the
      rate of methane production in the presence of oxides of nitrogen was not
      attributable to competition for methane-producing substrates.

PMID- 970946
TI  - Metabolism and growth yields in Bacteroides ruminicola strain b14.
AB  - Metabolism of D-glucose by Bacteroides ruminicola subsp. brevis, strain B14, has
      been examined. Growth yield studies gave molar growth yields, corrected for
      storage polysaccharide, of approximately 66 g (dry weight)/mol of glucose
      fermented. The storage polysaccharide amounted to about 14% of the total dry
      weight, or 55% of the total cellular carbohydrate, at full growth. After
      correcting glucose utilization for incorporation into cellular carbohydrate,
      measurement of product formation showed that 1.1 succinate, 0.8 acetate, and 0.35
      formate are produced and 0.5 CO2 net is taken up during the fermentation of 1
      glucose under the conditions used. The implication of these results with respect
      to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) molar growth yield calculations is discussed.
      If substrate-level phosphorylation reactions alone are responsible for ATP
      generation, then the ATP molar growth yield must be about 23 g (dry weight)/mol
      of ATP. Alternatively, if anaerobic electron transfer-linked phosphorylation also
      occurs, the ATP molar growth yield will be lower.

PMID- 970947
TI  - Preparation of pure microbiological samples for pyrolysis of gas-liquid
      chromatography studies.
AB  - Bacterial samples were prepared for pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography using
      cells grown on membrane filters. Pyrochromatograms were reproducible when cells
      harvested from the filters were pyrolyzed without being washed.

PMID- 970948
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of a School Health Service].

PMID- 970949
TI  - [Consumption of tobacco in a sample of children and students from Brussels].

PMID- 970950
TI  - [Alcoholic beverage consumption in a sample of school children and students from
      Brussels].

PMID- 970951
TI  - Cytochrome p-450 heme and the regulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase
      in the liver.

PMID- 970952
TI  - Inactivation of trypsin-like proteases by active-site-directed sulfonylation.
      Ability of the departing group to confer selectivity.

PMID- 970953
TI  - NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity in cultured human lymphocytes. Similarity to
      the liver microsomal NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 enzyme
      system.

PMID- 970954
TI  - Transfer RNA species in human lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens and in leukemic
      cells.

PMID- 970955
TI  - Role of arginine residues in ovine lutropin: reversible modification by 1,2
      cyclohexanedione.

PMID- 970956
TI  - The binding of bromophenol blue to aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 970957
TI  - Interaction of oligomycin with the pathway of mitochondrial energy transfer.

PMID- 970958
TI  - Activation of bovine epididymal sperm respiration by caffeine. Its transient
      nature and relationship to the utilization of acetyl carnitine.

PMID- 970959
TI  - Glycans from streptococcal cell walls. The molecular structure and immunological
      properties of an antigenic glycan from Streptococcus bovis.

PMID- 970960
TI  - Effect of cations on the reconstitution of heavy subchloroplast fractions (grana)
      in disorganized low-salt agranal chloroplasts.

PMID- 970961
TI  - Effect of temperature on glucocorticoid uptake and glucocorticoid-receptor
      translocation in rat thymocytes.

PMID- 970962
TI  - Regulation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase activities by
      temperature pretreatment and chloroplast metabolites.

PMID- 970963
TI  - The molecular and catalytic properties of galactosyltransferase from fetal calf
      serum.

PMID- 970964
TI  - Studies on the reaction specificity of the flavoprotein lysine monooxygenase with
      modified substrates.

PMID- 970965
TI  - 35Cl nuclear magnetic relaxation studies of Cl- binding to lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 970966
TI  - Composition and molecular weights of butyrylcholinesterase from horse serum.

PMID- 970967
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 heme and the regulation of hepatic heme oxygenase activity.

PMID- 970968
TI  - Fractures in Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - After a short introduction dealing with the orthopaedic problems of Paget's
      disease, six patients are reported with pathological fractures due to this
      disease, which is rare in The Netherlands. Rigid fixation with osteosynthesis is
      the treatment of choice. In cases in which substantial bowing of the bone exists,
      a corrective osteotomy is advisable.

PMID- 970969
TI  - Discoid knee menisci in children.
AB  - Five children were operated for discoid menisci. One of them had, in addition, an
      anomalous capsular attachment and an anomalous course of the popliteus tendon.
      Vascularisation at the free margin was a striking feature in the four discoid
      menisci of the primitive type. Limited or painful extension was common in these
      children. In four cases the diagnosis was confirmed arthrographically.
      Arthrography was carried out in two patients respectively four and sixteen years
      old, after operation. In both cases a small regenerated meniscus was found as is
      seen after meniscectomy in adults.

PMID- 970970
TI  - Use of the lag screw for the surgical treatment of subcapital fractures of the
      femoral neck with slight displacement.
AB  - A report is given of the results of surgical treatment with a compression screw
      in a group of 22 patients with subcapital fractures of the femoral neck with
      minor displacement. The patients' average age was 63 years. Postoperatively, two
      patients (aged 75 and 83) died from complications not directly attributable to
      the operation. The remaining 20 patients were followed-up for two to eight years
      by means of personal interview, functional studies and radiological control. Two
      of the 20 patients died from unrelated causes at an early stage of the survey;
      however, the condition of the fractures at the time of death was satisfactory.
      Necrosis of the femoral head occurred in two cases. In all, a good functional
      result was obtained in 18 patients (90%). It is pointed out that these patients
      constituted a selected group, in which the prognosis was favourable in any case.

PMID- 970971
TI  - The Christiansen hip prosthesis preliminary results.
AB  - The combined endo- and total hip prosthesis of Christiansen is described. In this
      prosthesis an articular connection, or trunnion bearing, is introduced between
      the head and stem components in order to reduce friction at the acetabular joint.
      The stem portions of both prostheses are identical. The endoprosthesis was
      inserted in 50 patients, who were followed-up during one year. The results were
      according to the classification of Love (Surg. Clin. N. Amer., 1963, 43, p.
      1217): excellent in 60%, good in 22%, and poor in 18% of cases. In addition some
      results from other Norwegian hospitals were presented.

PMID- 970972
TI  - Histoplasmoma of the lung.
AB  - A review of all granulomatous surgical lesions in the files of the Free
      University Hospital revealed four cases of histoplasmoma in which Grocott
      staining procedures provided histologic confirmation of the presence of
      Histoplasma capsulatum bodies. The case histories have been presented briefly. A
      short review of the literature follows.

PMID- 970973
TI  - Isolated and atypical manifestations of Scheuermann's disease.
AB  - In addition to the typical form of Scheuermann's disease, atypical and localized
      manifestations also occur. Examples are paradiscal defects and the development of
      vertebral synostosis. These unusual manifestations are illustrated by reference
      to a number of patients.

PMID- 970974
TI  - Perforating rectal injuries.
AB  - The symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of perforating rectal injuries are
      discussed. An analysis is presented of the data concerning 24 patients with intra
      and extraperitoneal penetration of the rectum. Factors that contribute to the
      continuing high mortality rate of rectal perforation are its rarity, the highly
      infectious character of faecal contamination of the abdominal cavity or
      perirectal tissue, and the fact that examination often reveals little or no
      external trauma. The treatment of choice would appear to be an aggressive
      approach based on faecal diversion and drainage, supplemented with peroperative
      irrigation of the injured rectum.

PMID- 970975
TI  - Findings in patients with diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the colon.
AB  - During the period from 1957 up to and including December 1975, the surgical
      clinic of Nijmegen admitted 82 patients with the diagnoses of diverticulosis and
      diverticulitis of the colon: the diagnosis of diverticulosis was made in 16
      cases; in 17 diverticulitis was diagnosed and these patients were treated by
      conservative methods. Forty-nine patients were subjected to operation for
      diverticulitis. Of the patients treated conservatively, none died; of those
      treated by operation, three (6%) died. There were nine patients with peritonitis
      and three with ileus who required emergency surgery. As a matter of principle
      these patients were treated in several stages; none of them died.

PMID- 970976
TI  - The femoro-femoral cross-over graft.
AB  - The femoro-femoral cross-over graft is a good alternative to direct
      reconstructive vascular surgery in high-risk cases of unilateral iliac artery
      occlusion. The technique is simple and can readily be performed under local
      anaesthesia. A series of 21 patients is discussed briefly. Blood-flow
      measurements in seven patients confirmed the observation of other workers that a
      steal syndrome from the donor leg only occurred when the outflow tract in the
      donor leg was worse than in the ischaemic leg. Flow in the donor iliac artery was
      considerable increased. Four patients died in the observation period, one graft
      occluded three months after operation. There was no late failures.

PMID- 970977
TI  - Some aspects of zygomaticomaxillary fractures.
AB  - Early diagnosis and treatment of zygomaticomaxillary fractures are essential.
      From results obtained in the treatment of 500 patients with fractures of the
      zygomaticomaxillary complex it was concluded that insertion of an implant on the
      orbital floor through an infra-orbital incision can be avoided. This procedure is
      seldom indicated, and has to be reserved for some old untreated fractures.
      However, it may also be indicated for young children with a blow-out fracture of
      the orbital floor (solitary or as part of a zygomaticomaxillary fracture). In
      these cases an approach through the maxillary sinus, as commonly used in adults,
      will result in injury or removal of the dental germs, which are still localized
      high in the maxilla. The possible cause of a blow-out fracture of the orbital
      floor (traumatic lesion of the infra-orbital margin) is discussed with reference
      to recent literature and to a number of patients, including a boy aged 7 1/2
      years.

PMID- 970978
TI  - On the topography of the presumptive skeletal mesenchyme in the early wing bud of
      chick embryos.

PMID- 970979
TI  - [Effect of epiphysectomy on rat subcommissural body].

PMID- 970980
TI  - [Effect of actinomycin D on skin differentiation in chick and quail embryo].

PMID- 970981
TI  - Distribution of HEOD (dieldrin) in mammals: III. Transport--transfer.
AB  - A mathematical model simulating the blood transport and tissue residue
      distributions of the highly toxic and highly lipid soluble pesticide dieldrin in
      mammals is presented. This model is a significant improvement over our previously
      published preliminary model for dieldrin distribution in mammals. The assumptions
      and working hypotheses of the model are presented and used in generating a set of
      differential equations based upon mass balance principles. Two simulation cases
      are examined. The first simply demonstrates the gross features of: 1) Transport
      limiting conditions; 2) equal transport-equal membrane transfer conditions, and
      3) membrane transfer limit conditions. The second studies a single tissue (the
      blood-brain barrier case) example of the above mentioned conditions. All
      simulations made were conducted for a hypothetical mature male rate of the
      average Wistar type eating food ad lib.

PMID- 970982
TI  - Parathion persistence on South African citrus.
AB  - The fate of parathion applied to citrus was affected by rain, sun and wind, but
      not much by fruit variety, while the application method had an important effect.
      The formulation influenced the persistence of parathion on leaves and glass in
      the laboratory, but had no influence on the persistence on leaves or fruit in the
      field. The deposits of the emulsifiable concentrate and of the wettable powder
      and oil mixture were higher than that of the wettable powder alone, but since the
      rates of disappearance were the same, higher harvest-time parathion residues on
      and in the fruit resulted when the first two formulations were used. The time
      needed to reach a tolerance value increased for applications made later in the
      growing season.

PMID- 970983
TI  - The deleterious effects of fungicides and herbicides on Xenopus laevis embryos.
AB  - Groups of 30 Xenopus laevis embryos, at "tail-bud" stage (Nieukoop-Faber stages
      22-24) were exposed to 0.1-2 ppm concentrations of various pesticides for 1 to 10
      days. The pesticides used were chloranil and dichlone (both are fungicidal and
      herbicidal); diquat (herbicide); and nabam (fungicide). The parameters examined
      were mortality, gross morphology, histology, and behavior. Chloranil (1.25 to
      1.75 ppm) treated embryos showed abnormalities of the otolith, optic cup, and
      general pigmentation. Their movement was sporadically convulsive and they were
      unable to maintain proper balance. Dichlone (0.1 to 0.15 ppm) disrupted the
      development of the cephalic end of the embryo. Many of these embryos developed a
      slightly retarded trunk and tail only. These headless embryos lived for a time
      and were relatively lethargic. Diquat (0.75 to 2.0 ppm) administration reduced
      body size and pigmentation, and altered body shape. When embryos were treated
      with both 1.0 ppm of diquat and 2.0 ppm of nabam the integrity of myomeres and
      myocommata of the musculature was disrupted. The histological bases of these
      morphological and behavioral changes are discussed.

PMID- 970984
TI  - Degradation of compounds containing carbon atoms by photooxidation in the
      presence of water.
AB  - It was shown that all compounds containing carbon atoms, tested in this study,
      were degraded by the coincident influence of light, oxygen (air), and water. By
      this photooxidation, saturated as well as unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic
      compounds, monomeric, polymeric and high polymeric compounds were degraded and
      the carbon atoms of these compounds as well as carbon itself in form of amorphous
      carbon or diamond, were converted to carbon dioxide, if dispersed in water or
      together with water as very small solid, liquid, or gaseous particles. As such
      conditions occur extensively in nature, it was concluded that this degradation of
      organic substances is of great importance in nature, in addition to microbial and
      enzymatic degradation. This photooxidation further represents a possibility for
      pollution control to prevent damage to environment by degrading organic
      substances which are either slightly soluble or practically insoluble in water,
      as well as compounds which will not be destroyed by microbial and enzymatic
      degradation.

PMID- 970985
TI  - Effects of DDT in Fundulus: studies on toxicity, fate, and reproduction.
AB  - The toxicity, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and effects on reproduction
      of DDT was studied using the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), a species of
      economic importance because of its widespread abundance and its presence toward
      the lower end of the food chain. 14C-DDT was administered by exposure from the
      ambient water. There was a rapid removal of the radioactive pesticide from the
      water accompanied by uptake of radioactivity primarily by carcass (primarily
      muscle tissue) and eggs of the fish. Most (greater than 92%) of the radioactivity
      in the carcass was shown by TLC methods to be the parent pesticide. One day after
      a single 24-hr exposure to 14C-DDT, approximately 70% of the administered
      radioactivity was found in the carcass and the levels of the tissue decayed with
      a t 1/2 of three days. One day after a single 24-hr exposure to 0.1 ppm of 14C
      DDT, the organs that contained the highest concentration of the pesticide (ca. 5
      ppm) were intestine and liver. When the pesticide was administered by two 24-hr
      exposures from water, the intestine, liver and ovaries contained the major
      concentration of radioactivity (7 to 14 ppm). Untreated Fundulus contained less
      than 0.2 ppm of total DDT-like compounds. A variety of doses and schedules were
      tested in an effort to maximize the absorption of DDT, while minimizing the
      mortality to the fish. An intermittent schedule of 24 hr in 0.1 ppm DDT followed
      by 24 hr in DDT-free sea water, repeated two times, was found to be optimal. At
      the levels examined, DDT delayed the rate of normal development of fertilized
      eggs from Fundulus, but did not appear to cause any observable alterations in the
      hatched fry. Fertilization of Fundulus eggs was significantly diminished when
      insemination was carried out in DDT-containing sea water.

PMID- 970986
TI  - Uptake and loss of inorganic mercury in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea
      virginica).
AB  - Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were found to accumulate significant
      levels of mercury on exposure to relatively low concentrations of mercuric
      chloride. Accumulation occurred in two distinct phases which may be described as
      a two compartment system in which accumulation is logarithmic in the first phase
      and linear in the second. Mercury, during the initial phase, showed a minimum
      outward concentration flux of 0.025 hr-1 indicating reversibility of accumulation
      prior to the change in phase. However, mercury was not excreted at the end of the
      second phase following exposure to 10, 40, 80, and 100 mug/1 for 256 hr.

PMID- 970987
TI  - Effects of weathering and flue-curing on monocrotophos residues on tobacco.
AB  - Disappearance of monocrotophos from flue-cured tobacco was studied at three
      locations (Kinston, Clayton, and Reidsville, North Carolina) in 1973. Average
      residues on green tobacco leaves collected immediately after application were 41
      and 84 ppm, respectively, for application rates of 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha. Levels
      declined to about 18 and 40 ppm for the two rates three days after application,
      to about 9 and 23 ppm at five days, and to about three and eight ppm at nine
      days. Conventional curing reduced residues on flue-cured tobacco by at least 99%.

PMID- 970988
TI  - Factors relating to circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthirits.
AB  - Evidence has been presented suggesting that circulating immune complexes occur in
      over half of the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These IgG-containing
      complexes were small, eluting between IgG and IgM on gel filtration on Sepharose
      6B and were not seen in the sera of healthy control subjects. These complexes
      were detected in the sera of both seronegative and seropositive patients and
      their quantity did not correlate with IgM rheumatoid factor titre. The quantity
      of complexed IgG was estimated from a ratio derived from the IgG profile obtained
      by gel filtration of the serum. This quantity correlated significantly with the
      degree of inhibition by the rheumatoid sera of cytolysis in vitro of IgG
      sensitized target cells by K cells from human peripheral blood. A significant
      inverse correlation was observed between the quantity of serum complexes and the
      chemotactic index of the circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes obtained from
      the same rheumatoid patient. It is suggested that ingestion of these complexes
      may be implicated in the reduction in chemotaxis observed in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis. There was no correlation between the quantity of the
      complexes in the sera and the clinica, haematological, and biochemical
      measurements.

PMID- 970989
TI  - Immunoglobulin and complement deposition in skin of rheumatoid arthritis and
      systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was differentiated from systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) by direct immunofluorescent techniques on skin specimens, using
      monospecific antisera for IgG, IgM, C3, C1q, properdin, and fibrin. Of 30
      patients with RA studied, 20 had dermal vessel deposits of immunoglobulins and
      complement components in unaffected skin without the characteristic dermal
      epidermal junctional fluorescence of SLE. Of 24 SLE patients studied, 24 had
      granular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement components in unaffected skin
      at the dermal-epidermal junction.

PMID- 970990
TI  - Indomethacin serum concentrations in man. Effects of dosage, food, and antacid.
AB  - In the use of anti-inflammatory compounds, sustained serum levels are thought to
      be related to drug efficacy. This study shows that frequent clinical
      administration of indomethacin can result in sustained serum levels of the drug
      and that food and antacid may have important modifying effects on serum
      indomethacin concentrations. After oral ingestion by fasting subjects,
      indomethacin rapidly appeared in the serum, usually reaching peak concentrations
      in 30 to 90 minutes. Food delayed and decreased the mean peak level; antacid
      delayed the peak and slightly enhanced subsequent concentrations. With multiple
      dose schedules plateau levels were reached after 24 hours. When a total daily
      dose of 150 mg was given as 25 mg every 4 hours peak concentrations were the same
      but fluctuations were smaller and average concentrations were higher than with a
      dosage of 50 mg every 8 hours.

PMID- 970991
TI  - Effects of enzyme induction on metabolism of prednisolone. Clinical and
      laboratory study.
AB  - The addition of phenobarbitone in therapeutic dosage to the drug regimen of
      prednisolone-treated subjects with rheumatoid arthritis produced measurable
      deterioration in the clinical status of the patients associated with a more rapid
      clearance of prednisolone from plasma. It is considered that phenobarbitone
      induced the hepatic metabolism of prednisolone, effectively reducing the steady
      state plasma level and resulting in clinical relapse. A slight but significant
      improvement in the adrenocortical response to tetracosactrin (Synacthen) was
      noted after phenobarbitone therapy.

PMID- 970992
TI  - Clinical and radiological survey of the incidence of osteoarthrosis among obese
      patients.
AB  - Twenty-five grossly obese males were investigated for evidence of osteoarthrosis.
      A roentgenological survey of multiple joints obtained from 22 of these patients
      showed few significant degenerative changes. 6 patients (20%) had previously
      incurred traumatic rents in their menisci necessitating meniscectomy. Our results
      refute previous claims that obesity is a factor in the genesis of osteoarthrosis
      but do indicate that obese individuals are more predisposed to traumatic injury
      of the knee.

PMID- 970993
TI  - Eye inflammation in psoriatic arthritis.
AB  - In a study of 112 patients (49 men, 63 women) with psoriatic arthritis, ocular
      inflammation was noted in 35 (31.2%). Conjunctivitis was the most common lesion,
      being found in 19.6% (10 males, 12 females). Iritis occurred in 7.1% (5 men, 3
      women), episcleritis in 1.8% (1 man, 1 woman), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in
      2.7% (3 women). 20 patients (10 men, 10 women) had radiological sacroiliitis and
      11 of these (7 men, 4 women) had ankylosing spondylitis according to the New York
      criteria. Eye lesions were noted in 7 of the patients with sacroiliitis, 3 having
      iritis (15%) and 4 (20%) conjunctivitis. 2 patients with spondylitis had iritis
      (18%) and 1 (9%) conjunctivitis. It is concluded that inflammatory eye lesions
      are a frequent accompaniment to psoriatic arthritis. This is taken as further
      evidence for the concept of the seronegative spondyloarthritides.

PMID- 970994
TI  - Early rheumatoid disease. I. Onset.
AB  - We describe features with onset in 102 patients seen within the first year of
      rheumatoid disease. The male:female ratio was approximately 3:4, suggesting a
      near equal sex incidence at onset. The disease started more often in the colder
      months and was usually insodious, symmetrical, and involved the upper limbs. The
      patients were followed prospectively and outcome was assessed after a mean of 4.5
      years. Older patients fared worse and there was a trend for a poorer prognosis to
      be indicated by an insidious onset and early progression to symmetrical
      involvement.

PMID- 970995
TI  - Early rheumatoid disease. II. Patterns of joint involvement.
AB  - Data from the first research clinic visit (Fleming and others, 1976) have been
      subjected to factor analysis to identify early patterns of joint involvement.
      Nine patterns emerged. Two patterns, if present early, were found to have
      prognostic significance. An eventually more severe disease was associated with a
      pattern of large joint involvement (shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee) and a pattern
      based on metatarsophalangeal joints I and III.

PMID- 970996
TI  - Radiological cervical arthritis in populations.
AB  - The prevalence of cervical rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to
      rheumatoid serum factors and erosive arthritis in peripheral joints has been
      studied in radiographs of the cervical spine and of the hands and feet drawn from
      12 population samples. The changes were graded in accordance with the Atlas of
      Standard Radiographs of Arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine
      (grades 2-4) was observed in 4.1% of males and 4.7% of females aged 15 and over.
      Prevalence was greatest in those born before 1900, 15% of whom were affected.
      There was a significant association with the sheep cell agglutination test but
      not with the bentonite flocculation test, though the latter correlated well with
      erosive arthritis in the joints of the hands and feet. Arthritis of the cervical
      spine showed a significant correlation with both seropositive and seronegative
      erosive arthritis in the peripheral joints. A significantly higher prevalence of
      cervical arthritis than expected was noted in two population samples, one in
      Germany and the other in West Africa, though in neither was there a high
      prevalence of peripheral arthritis. The German population had relatively high
      antistreptolysin titres. A low prevalence of cervical arthritis was noted in
      populations in Czechoslovakia and in Arizona. 'Congenital' block vertebra had a
      prevalence of 0.9% in persons born before 1935, but none was observed in those
      born since. The figures suggest that environmental influences predisposing to
      cervical arthritis and block vertebra have changed in the last 40 years.

PMID- 970997
TI  - Hypouricaemia and increased renal urate clearance associated with
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - A 64-year-old female was found to have hypouricaemia, with serum uric acid
      ranging from 0.06-0.12 mmol/l (1.1-2.0 mg/100 ml), associated with an increased
      urate clearance of 48.9 ml/min and hyperparathyroidism. Known causes of increased
      uric acid clearance were excluded. Pyrazinamide reduced urate clearance
      dramatically to 2.1 ml/min, suggesting that the tubular defect was either one of
      increased secretion or a failure of postsecretory reabsorption. No other tubular
      abnormality was apparent except diminished urine concentrating ability.
      Hypouricaemia has not been previously reported in association with
      hyperparathyroidism and a mechanism relating the two disorders could not be
      readily postulated. The tubular defect shown in this instance resembled that
      reported in association with Wilson's disease and Hodgkin's disease. This case
      and earlier reports of isolated tubular defects of uric acid handling enhance our
      understanding of uric acid excretion.

PMID- 970998
TI  - Raised serum immunoglobulin E in Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - Five patients with Wegner's granulomatosis were found to have significantly
      raised serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. The rise in IgE was not related to
      the extent of clinical involvement, was not part of a generalized serum
      immunoglobulin rise, and was not associated with eosinophilia. Raised serum IgE
      may be a clue to the pathogenesis of this disease.

PMID- 970999
TI  - Improvement in lacrimal and salivary secretions after alkali therapy in Sjogren's
      syndrome with renal tubular acidosis.
AB  - A patient with Sjogren's syndrome developed renal tubular acidosis which led to
      systemic acidosis and potassium depletion. Treatment with Shohl's solution and
      potassium supplements was followed by subjective improvement in tear flow,
      salivary flow, and by disappearance of bronchitic symptoms. Detailed objective
      assessments were then made during the next year, twice on treatment and twice
      without. These confirmed the subjective impression of improvement.

PMID- 971000
TI  - Host-parasite relations in cotton rat filariasis. I: The quantitative
      transmission and subsequent development of Litomosoides carinii infections in
      cotton rats and other laboratory animals.
AB  - This paper introduces the long-term and continuing studies of the authors and
      their colleagues on several aspects of the host-parasite relations in cotton rat
      filariasis. Five methods are described for the calculation of the number of
      infective larvae of Litomosoides carinii transmitted to cotton rats and other
      laboratory animals by groups of Liponyssus bacoti mites. The relation between the
      calculated transmission intensities and the number of worms recovered from
      individual infected animals has been determined by each of the five methods. The
      accuracy and relevance of each method is discussed and one (method B) has been
      found to give a better correlation with worm recovery than the others. Some
      effects of infection with filariasis on the mites are described. The role of
      heavily infected mites in transmission is questioned and their influence on the
      calculation of transmission is discussed.

PMID- 971001
TI  - Host-parasite relations in cotton rat filariasis. II: The quantitative
      transmission of Litomosoides carinii to Delhi and Carworth strains of white rats,
      including the effect of age.
AB  - Delhi and Carworth strains of white rats were exposed quantitatively to infection
      with Litomosoides carinii and their susceptibility compared. Liponyssus bacoti (=
      Ornithonyssus bacoti) mites of known (calculated) intensities of infection were
      used for transmission. The relation between the calculated exposure (=
      transmission intensity) and the number of adult worms recovered from each rat was
      established. Adults of both strains of white rat were much "poorer" hosts than
      cotton rats. All 24 Carworth white rats (100%) and 21/24 of Delhi white rats (87
      5%) of differing ages and both sexes became infected. Carworth white rats were
      generally more susceptible. The susceptibility of newly born Carworth white rats
      was greatest and was similar to that of cotton rats. Young rats of the Delhi
      strain were more susceptible than older rats. This strongly suggests "age
      resistance". The degree of resistance may, however, differ in different species
      and strains of white rats and in individual rats of the same strain.

PMID- 971002
TI  - The intervals between the blood-meals of man-biting Simulium damnosum (Diptera:
      Simuliidae).
AB  - Six marking-recapture experiments were carried out with Simulium damnosum in the
      Cameroon Republic, five in the rain-forest and one in the Sudan-savanna zone.
      Adult flies were marked by applying a small spot of oil paint to the mesonotum
      while they were engorging with blood on the legs of volunteers infected with
      Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae. Catches of wild flies were carried out for 12
      13 days after the first day of marking, and all marked flies recaptured were
      examined. Some of the flies recaptured on days 0, 1 and 2 were nulliparous and
      had probably been disturbed by the application of the paint before they had
      completed their blood-meal. The frequency distribution of recaptured marked
      parous flies returning for their "second" blood-meal rose to a peak early on day
      4, but more flies returned earlier,three days after taking a blood-meal, than
      later on day 5. After day 5, the numbers of recaptured flies were too low to
      demonstrate any peaks corresponding to "third" and later blood-meals. The longest
      surviving fly was recaptured 10 days after marking. Twenty-six percent of the
      flies recaptured on days 3 and 4 contained developing O. volvulus larvae three
      five days old, which had presumably been ingested as microfilariae during the
      blood-meal taken on day 0. Infective larvae first appeared in flies returning
      late on day 6, and the highest percentage of infective flies occurred on day 7.
      Infective larvae were found in recaptured flies until day 10, the last day on
      which marked flies were recovered. Of 929 flies marked on the Sudan-savanna
      experiment, three (0-32%) flies were recaptured. Two returned on day 4 and one on
      day 6.

PMID- 971003
TI  - Studies on the flight range and dispersal of Simulium damnosum (Diptera:
      Simuliidae) in the rain-forest of Cameroon.
AB  - Five marking/recapture experiments were carried out on Simulium damnosum in the
      rain-forest of the United Republic of Cameroon, in order to determine the
      regression in biting density at increasing distances from the marking point.
      Flies were captured unfed, marked with fluorescent dust, and then released on the
      bank of a large river. Recaptures were made over the six-seven days after
      marking, at seven stations situated from 200 m to 79 km along a large river, from
      the marking site. Marked flies, which showed fluorescent pigment when examined
      under an ultraviolet lamp, were recovered at all seven sites. The ratios of the
      number of recaptures per man-hour at each distant site to the recaptures per man
      hour at the marking point were calculated to obtain values for the proportional
      biting density (Z). The value of Z declined in a logarithmic manner with
      increasing distance from the marking site, such that it fell to 0-1 at distances
      of 34-1 km on a large river, 5-5 km on a small river, and 1-5 km on a road
      leading away from a large river. The peak number of flies recaptured at the
      farthest sites along a large river (56 km and 79 km) occurred one day later than
      at the station nearest the marking point. The dispersal of marked flies which had
      fed on volunteers carrying Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae, was studied along a
      large river. Of three flies recaptured 24 km upstream from the marking point, one
      contained 10 infective larvae of O. volvulus.

PMID- 971004
TI  - Effects of larval treatment with the insect development inhibitor PH60:40 on the
      vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti (L.) for Brugia pahangi (Buckley and Edeson).
AB  - The effects of PH60:40, an insect development inhibitor, on fourth instar larvae
      of Aedes aegypti were investigated. Apart from delayed lethal action, possible
      effects on the vectorial capacity of Brugia pahangi were investigated. Two
      strains of A. aegypti were used, one DDT-susceptible and a good filarial vector
      and the other DDT-resistant and a refractory vector. A baseline exposure was
      found which caused only low mortalities in both strains. The treatments did not
      have any appreciable effect on the vectorial capacity of the good vector strain,
      but modified the refractory nature of the poor vector strain. It was considered
      possible that this could be due to a generalized harmful stress of the treatment
      rather than to a specific action of the chemical. Larvae were therefore subjected
      to heat treatments, as an example of stress, and these produced similar
      mortalities as with PH60:40. They did not. however, alter the vectorial capacity
      of survivors of either strain, so that the effects described do not seem to be
      due to simple stress.

PMID- 971005
TI  - Prophylaxis of schistosomiasis - field trial of metrifonate for the prevention of
      human infection.

PMID- 971006
TI  - First record of Bulinus truncatus (Audouin) in Jordan.

PMID- 971007
TI  - Preliminary report on an attempt to vaccinate Syrian hamsters against
      leishmaniasis using a live vaccine at low concentration.

PMID- 971009
TI  - Competence and the critical incident.

PMID- 971008
TI  - Electrocardiogram in Hyperkalemia: electrocardiographic pattern of anteroseptal
      myocardial infarction mimicked by hyperkalemia-induced disturbance of impulse
      conduction.
AB  - In a patient with renal failure and shortness of breath, Q waves transiently
      appeared in the right precordial leads of the electrocardiogram (ECG) during
      episodes of hyperkalemia, without a substantial change in mean electrical axis.
      With restoration of the plasma potassium level to normal, R waves reappeared in
      these leads. It is concluded that the transient development of Q waves in the
      right precordial leads during hyperkalemia resulted from a hyperkalemia-induced
      conduction disturbance. Hyperkalemia, by affecting conduction in Purkinje fibers
      of ventricular muscle, or both, disturbed the normal sequence of septal and
      anterior wall depolarization and resulted in an ECG pattern that mimicked that of
      anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Clinically, hyperkalemia-induced conduction
      disturbances of this type must be included in the differential diagnosis of the
      ECG that suggests an anteroseptal myocardial infarction.

PMID- 971010
TI  - Renal trauma and hypertension: the role of renin.
AB  - Three patients developed hypertension following renal trauma. Trauma produced
      perinephric hematoma in two and renal artery thrombosis in one. Renal vein plasma
      renin activity (PRA) from the traumatized kidney was three to eight times greater
      than renal vein PRA from the untraumatized (contralateral) kidney. Peripheral PRA
      was elevated in all. A surgical operation lowered peripheral PRA to normal in
      all, but corrected hypertension in only two of three. Preoperative medical
      treatment with renin-suppressing pharmacologic agents correctly predicted this
      response to surgery. Postoperative renal vein PRA in the remaining hypertensive
      patient demonstrated that surgery successfully alleviated the abnormality in
      renin secretion. These studies suggest that excessive renin secretion initiate
      but other unidentified factors may contribute to the hypertension observed after
      renal trauma.

PMID- 971011
TI  - A headache protocol for nurses: effectiveness and efficiency.
AB  - To test the effectiveness and efficiency of a nurse-administered protocol for
      headache in the primary care setting, we conducted a prospective controlled
      trial. Two hundred three randomly allocated patients were evaluated by nurses
      using the protocol who managed independently 55.2% of the patients and received
      physician consultation on the others. A total of 193 patients were randomly
      allocated to the physician-control group. Nurse-protocol group patients
      experienced equivalent symptomatic relief and expressed significantly greater
      satisfaction with the care they had received than did patients in the physician
      control group. A retrospective study of the presenting findings in patients with
      serious diseases of the CNS provided evidence supporting the safety of the
      protocol logic. We conclude that nurse-protocol management of headache in this
      primary care practice was effective and efficient.

PMID- 971012
TI  - Staphylococcal sepsis in patients on chronic hemodialysis regimens: intravenous
      treatment with vancomycin given once weekly.
AB  - Five patients on chronic hemodialysis regimens were hospitalized with six
      episodes of Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. Three of the patents acquired the
      infection during home dialysis, and it was related to the hemodialysis
      circulatory-access site in four. Initial therapy was methicillin sodium.
      Vanomycin hydrochloride was given in a 1-gm, single, weekly dose as the sole
      antibiotic after a short interval (mean, three days). Five of the six episodes
      were treated successfully. Staphylococcus epidermidis grew in blood cultures
      obtained during one of the treatments. The advantages of this regimen included a
      more prompt ambulation and the discontuation of constant infusions in patients
      with no peripheral veins available.

PMID- 971013
TI  - Exchange transfusion in hepatorenal syndrome with liver disease.
AB  - Ten patients with severe liver disease and the hepatorenal syndrome underwent
      exchange transfusions with 9 to 16 units of fresh heparinized blood to improve
      renal function by either removing a vasoconstrictive substance or adding a
      vasodilatory substance. One patient recovered from renal failure within ten days
      without showing natriuresis. The renal function of one patient improved somewhat,
      but he died 35 days after the transfusion. The other eight aptients died from 1
      to 35 days after exchange transfusion, without any appreciable improvement in
      renal function. In six patients, renin substrate levels increased after the
      transfusion, but renal function remained unchanged. The results of this study
      failed to support a humoral concept of pathogenesis of the hepatorenal syndrome.

PMID- 971014
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: ultrastructural studies and responses to
      azathioprine.
AB  - Two boys are presented who fulfilled criteria for a diagnosis of idiopathic
      pulmonary hemosiderosis. A lung biopsy specimen from the first patient showed
      alveolar-capillary basement membrane abnormalities, together with abnormalities
      of capillary endothelial cells and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. A lung biopsy
      specimen from the second patient showed mainly capillary endothelial
      abnnormalities and interestitial fibrosis. Both patients had a noticeable
      improvement in symptoms and relative stabilization of their roentgenographic and
      pulmonary function abnormalities following azathioprine therapy.

PMID- 971015
TI  - Tuberculosis of the skull.
AB  - Because tuberculosis of the skull is relatively unusual occurrence, it may not be
      immediately recognized. It responds readily to chemotherapy and should be
      suspected in disseminated tuberculosis or in any draining lesion of the skull
      that is sterile or fails to respond to conventional antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 971016
TI  - Prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor in early adolescence: hormonal and electron
      microscopical studies.
AB  - A 13-year-old boy was evaluated for an enlarged sella. There were no consistent
      visual field defects, and carotid arteriograms and pneumoencephalograms showed no
      extrasellar abnormality. The endocrine workup demonstrated a subnormal growth
      hormone reserve. The only other, but most striking abnormality, was an
      excessively high serum prolactin level, which was partially suppressed with
      levodopa. A chromophobe pituitary tumor was removed that had histological
      features suggestive of malignant neoplasm. Characteristics of a prolactin
      secreting tumor were confirmed by electron microscopy. The serum prolactin levels
      decreased substantially  after surgery and further after a course of pituitary
      irradiation; however, they continue to be elevated above normal. Prolactin
      determinations play in integral part in the evaluation for a possible pituitary
      tumor-not only for diagnostic purposes, but also to provide a parameter of future
      tumor activity in an established case. Electron microscopical studies are helpful
      in identifying the tumor as source of the excessive prolactin secretion.

PMID- 971017
TI  - Bone-marrow imaging in pure red blood cell aplasia.
AB  - Bone-marrow scintigraphy with indium chloride in 111 was performed on a patient
      with pure red blood cell aplasia before and after successful treatment with
      immunosuppressive drugs. The return of erythroid precursors to the bone marrow
      was accompanied by a substantial increase in the marrow uptake of 111In. The
      distribution of 111In in the posttreatment scan was indistinguishable from that
      of 52Fe. These results indicate that indium chloride in 111 is a useful agent for
      the delineation of erythroid cellularity within bone marrow.

PMID- 971018
TI  - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism after chronic sodium bicarbonate abuse.
AB  - We describe a 52-year-old man who, following the discontinuation of massive
      intake of sodium bicarbonate, in the absence of renal insufficiency, developed
      progressive hyperkalemia and hyponatremia in association with hyporeninemic
      hypoaldosteronism. The mechanism of this syndrome is not known, but may involve
      suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis by chronic volume
      expansion.

PMID- 971019
TI  - Surgical correction of cardiogenic shock.
AB  - Cardiogenic shock as a result of myocardial infarction demands an aggressive
      diagnostic and therapeutic approach to improve survival. First, the patient
      likely to develop shock should be identified early in his course so that
      interventions to reduce or contain infarct progression and thus prevent shock can
      be instituted. If the patient's condition deteriorates, prompt precise diagnosis
      of the cause of the hemodyanamic impairment must be made at the bedside with Swan
      Ganz right heart catheterization and echocardiography, and, if potentially
      surgically correctable disease is present, left heart catheterization with
      coronary angiography in the catheterization laboratory should be done. Surgical
      repair of anatomic disruptions of the heart ventricular septal defect, or mitral
      valve rupture is frequently life-saving. At present, operative intervention for
      shock secondary to massive myocardial infarction alone remains a challenge.

PMID- 971020
TI  - Foreign medical graduates.

PMID- 971021
TI  - Cytologic changes of pleural effusion in pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 971022
TI  - Resin hemoperfusion for acute drug intoxication.

PMID- 971023
TI  - Propranolol as treatment for thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 971024
TI  - [Photographic skull identification by the so-called color super-projection
      method].

PMID- 971025
TI  - [Microscopic, enzymatic and crystal-chemical studies of sperm and urine traces
      following their lengthy preservation. Use of a rapid test].

PMID- 971026
TI  - A study of "atypical schizophrenia". Comparison with schizophrenia and affective
      disorder by sex, age of admission, precipitant, outcome, and family history.
AB  - Eighty-five cases of atypical schizophrenia were compared with 200 of
      schizophrenia, 100 of bipolar (mania), and 225 of unipolar (depression) affective
      disorder. Comparisons were made on the basis of sex, age at admission,
      precipitating factors, outcome, and a family history of schizophrenia or of
      affective disorder. The atypical schizophrenia differed remarkably from the
      schizophrenia and most closely resembled the bipolar affective disorder when
      allowance was made for a younger age at onset and a higher frequency of
      precipitants. An analysis of symptoms verified the predominance of schizophrenic
      features in the atypical schizophrenia, but also showed a high percentage (80%)
      of patients who had one or more manic symptoms at index admission. It is
      concluded that great care should be taken in diagnosing schizophrenia in a
      patient who also has manic symptoms.

PMID- 971027
TI  - Etiological factors in manic-depressive psychoses.
AB  - Fifty consecutive patients with bipolar affective psychosis are reviewed, and the
      genetic and electroencephalographic findings set against extant hypotheses about
      inheritance of the disorder and the etiological homogeneity of the syndrome.
      Inheritance in this sample appears usually not to be X-linked. The syndrome seems
      etiologically heterogeneous in that some patients have an early onset and
      prominent genetic determinants, while in others without apparent hereditary
      predisposition, the illness start later and show electroencephalographic evidence
      of cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 971028
TI  - 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid. A biochemical suicide predictor?
AB  - The incidence of suicidal acts was studied in 68 depressed patients and related
      to the level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid.
      The distribution of 5-HIAA levels was bimodal. Patients in the low 5-HIAA mode
      (below 15 ng/ml) attempted suicide significantly more often than those in the
      high mode, and they used more violent means. Two of the 20 patients in the low
      mode, and none of the 48 patients in the high mode died from suicide.

PMID- 971029
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with psychosis.
AB  - Several authors have attempted to establish a correlation between glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and chronic schizophrenia, and the
      results were contradictory. We propose that the correlation between G-6-PD
      deficiency and schizophrenia is to be found in the form of an acute delirium.

PMID- 971030
TI  - Effects of isometric exercise on serum creatine phosphokinase activity.
AB  - The effect of isometric exercise on serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) activity
      in 14 psychotic patients in remission and ten normal controls was studied. The
      increases in serum CPK activity at 18 and 42 hours after exercise were no
      significantly different in patients and controls. The postexercise serum CPK
      activities in the patients were significantly less than the peak serum CPK levels
      when they were psychotic. There were no significant correlations between
      postexercise serum CPK activity and preexercise or peak serum CPK activity in the
      patient group. It is unlikely that increased isometric muscle tension is a major
      causative factor in the increased serum CPK levels frequently found in psychotic
      patients.

PMID- 971031
TI  - Comparative effects of methylphenidate and thioridazine in hyperkinetic children.
      I. Clinical results.
AB  - The effects of three pharmacological treatments, methylphenidate hydrochloride,
      thioridazine hydrochloride, a methylphenidate/thioridazine combination, and
      placebo were studied in outpatient hyperkinetic children rated hyperactive both
      in school and at home or clinic. Active treatment lasted 12 weeks; placebo lasted
      four weeks. Significant clinical improvement was obtained in a variety of
      settings--all treatments were superior to placebo on ratings filled out by
      parents, teachers, and clinic staff. Though initially the combination of
      methylphenidate and thioridazine tended to produce greater clinical improvement,
      it was not superior to methylphenidate alone after 12 weeks of treatment.
      Methylphenidate alone and the methylphenidate/thioridazine combination were more
      effective than thioridazine alone. The salient side effects with methylphenidate
      treatment were decrease in appetite, difficulty in falling asleep, and increased
      mood sensitivity. In contrast, thioridazine administration was associated with
      appetite increase and enuresis.

PMID- 971032
TI  - Hospital psychiatry in transition. From the therapeutic community toward a
      rational eclecticism.
AB  - Concepts derived from the paradigm of the therapeutic community have provided the
      main organizing principles for general inpatient psychiatry in the past 20 years.
      Increasingly, however, scientific studies have thrown doubt on the efficacy of
      current hospital practices. Changes in the broader social milieu have occurred as
      well since the therapeutic community was originally conceptualized, which raise
      questions about the "fit" between milieu therapy principles and current
      psychiatric needs. No current therapeutic paradigm is sufficient to encompass
      current inpatient psychiatric practice. There is a need for flexibility in
      utilizing various organizing principles for various aspects of the problems at
      hand. The paradigm of "problem-solving," derived from the research findings
      comparing group vs individual problem-solving, is an example of one way of
      examining and organizing data that could be applied to certain aspects of
      hospital care.

PMID- 971033
TI  - Two occult causes of insomnia and their therapeutic problems.
AB  - Insomnia may be associated with a sleep-induced apnea syndrome in nonobese
      patients who snore. The "central" type of apnea appears to be predominant in this
      population, in opposition to Pickwickian and nonobese hypersomniacs. An abnormal
      "swallowing reflex syndrome," also induced by sleep, may be a differential
      diagnosis. Sleeping pills that are central nervous system depressants should be
      cautiously prescribed for patients with such syndromes.

PMID- 971034
TI  - Cognitive performance in conversion hysteria.
AB  - In order to test some neurobiologically based assumptions pertaining to attention
      and memory dysfunction in conversion hysteria, a series of tasks was given to 17
      hospitalized patients with hysterical conversion reaction and to a control group
      of nonpsychotic patients under conditions of nonstress and stress. The results
      indicated significant differences in performance between hysteria and control
      subjects. The former group, in comparison to controls, had heightened
      suggestibility, greater field dependency, and greater impairment of recent memory
      and vigilance-attention. A discriminant analysis indicated the feasibility of
      using such tests as objective diagnostic criteria for hysteria.

PMID- 971035
TI  - Hypnotizability and phobic behavior.
AB  - Hypnotizability ratings of 24 phobic patients interested in the therapeutic use
      of hypnosis were compared with those of an equal number of smokers keen to quit
      smoking through hypnosis. The mean Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale score
      of phobics was 8.08 on a 12-point scale. The mean of smokers was 6.08. The
      difference was significant beyond the .01 level (two-tailed). Thirty percent of
      smokers were essentially nonresponsive. No phobics were nonresponsive. Those with
      multiple phobias scored more highly than those with a single phobia. These
      findings are in accord with the view that among psychiatric patients whose
      hypnotizability is assessed in a treatment context, hysterics are most
      responsive.  The implications both for theory and for a specific treatment
      strategy are discussed.

PMID- 971036
TI  - A thrice-told tale of therapy.
AB  - A case history twice discussed previously in the literature is reexamined. The
      patient probably suffered a manic-depressive illness, and remission, therefore,
      is not specifically attributable to psychotherapy. The significance of
      psychotherapy in the patient's treatment is argued, but for its supportive, not
      its curative, effects.

PMID- 971037
TI  - Regression in the service of residency education.
AB  - Regression as a potentially adaptive psychological response is used as a
      conceptual model to understand a variety of behaviors seen in beginning
      psychiatric residents on an inpatient service. The behaviors, discussed and
      illustrated with brief examples, are (1) competition and identification, (2)
      sexuality, (3) aggression, (4) depression and despair, (5) dependency, and (6)
      fusion with patients. Factors on an inpatient service that foster regressive
      behavior in new residents are discussed, and some of the potential resolutions of
      the behavoirs are proposed. Regression is seen as an adaptive experience for most
      residents; with appropriate supervisory intervention, it can foster cognitive
      development.

PMID- 971038
TI  - Psychiatric consultation education--1976.
AB  - The teaching of consultation liaison (CL) psychiatry to psychiatric residents,
      medical students, and other trainees is reported from 92 medical schools,
      representing 81% of those surveyed with a one-page questionnaire. Psychiatric
      residency programs devote approximately 10% of their time to CL training, a
      slight increase over the percentage ten years ago.  Approximately 35% of medical
      students in programs from which we received responses have some consultation CL
      education, although this varies from a few seminars to an eight-week full-time
      rotation. Other trainees receiving CL experience include nonpsychiatric residents
      and interns (22 programs), psychologists (18), nurses (12), and social workers
      (5). Program directors report an approximately 90% "favorable" reaction to such
      training by all trainees. Consultation liaison training for residents still
      represents a small portion of their entire experience. A surprisingly large
      percentage of medical students are exposed to CL education, but with tremendous
      variation in that exposure. Other trainees are not heavily involved in CL
      programs, indicating a possible future expansion of integrated psychosomatic
      teaching. The data presented should serve as a comparative baseline for future
      program design.

PMID- 971039
TI  - [Experimental heart tumours in rats (author's transl)].
AB  - In continuation of previous own investigations 68 heart tumours including 46
      early stages were found in the heart of 590 BD IX rats systematically examined
      after treatment with methylnitrosourea (MNU) or ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The
      tumour incidence was about 40% in animals treated by repeated intravenous or
      intraperitoneal injections of 20 mg per kg body weight MNU. These experiments are
      suitable for the study of early stages and the histogenetic origin of heart
      tumours. At present MNU in addition to triazenes (table 5) belongs to the most
      powerful carcinogens which affect the heart in rats.

PMID- 971040
TI  - [Elimination of a paramyxo-type virus from oncornavirus-producing human cell
      lines (author's transl)].
AB  - A virus of the paramyxo-type was eliminated from cell-free material of human
      oncornavirus-producing cell lines (PMF). After transmission of this paramyxovirus
      free inoculum to a human permanent cell strain (Tu 197/Tr 1) oncornaviruses were
      permanently formed and no paramyxoviruses could be detected. The paramyxovirus
      free, oncornavirus-producing PMF-39 cell line could be established after
      inoculation of the TU 197/Tr 1 line with cell-free material containing both
      oncorna- and paramyxovirus diluted 1 to 1000. A second way of elimination of the
      paramyxovirus was the treatment of cell-free material containing both viruses
      with antisera against paramyxovirus. In the Tu 197/Tr 1 line inoculated with such
      material only oncornaviruses were formed. The second paramyxovirus-free
      oncornavirus-producing cell line was designated PMF 50.

PMID- 971041
TI  - [Evaluation of Brdicka's reaction in tumor diagnostic (author's transl)].
AB  - We have investigated the polarographic behaviour of sera from patients of an ORL
      department by means of Brdicka reaction. It could be shown, that patients with
      cancer or acute inflammation had significantly increased values. But the
      arithmetic mean of this groups is enclosed by the scattering of the normal
      collective, therefore is no practically use for diagnostic purposes possible.

PMID- 971042
TI  - [The characterisation of malignant ovarian tumors by impulse cytophotometry
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 31 malignant adnexal tumors were investigated by impulse cytophotometry. From the
      DNS distribution curves we interpreted the positions and the height of the peaks
      in order to get informations about ploidy and proliferation pattern. 45.2% were
      classified into the diploid, 29.0% into the polyploid and 12.9% into the
      tetraploid group. 12.9% were aneuploid. Comparing our results with chromosome
      analyses in the literature we found more tetraploid tumors in our material. For
      our polyploid curves we assume, that many of the cells in the 8c-peak remain in
      the corresponding G2'-Phase, not undergoing mitosis.

PMID- 971043
TI  - [Thoughts about the present state of tumour chemotherapy (author's transl)].
AB  - There are some impacts in tumour chemotherapy being worth-while to be discussed.
      Considering the information received during the Ninth International Congress of
      Chemotherapy, held in 1975, the author tries to evaluate the present state of
      clinical tumour chemotherapy from clinical point of view. The modern oncological
      clinician (oncologist) has to be faced with a lot of new facts, e.g. use of
      quantitative differences between normal and tumour cells for individualization of
      therapy, timing of cancer drug administration, new drugs for cancer treatment,
      mutual inhibition or potentiation of drug's effects, immunotherapy and possible
      adverse effects of clinically available drugs.

PMID- 971044
TI  - Inhibition of subcutaneous Ehrlich carcinoma by antihuman-somatotropic hormone
      serum of the horse as determined by the tumour-tetanus assay of the mouse.
AB  - Utilizing a quantitative tumour tetanus assay of the mouse it could be shown that
      antisomatotropic hormone serum of the horse exerts protective effects against
      solid Ehrlich carcinoma of the subcutaneous tissue and concomitantly, against
      tetanus mortality rates as an indicator of tumour growth. The positive
      correlation of the inhibitory action of antisomatotropic hormone serum against
      both transplantable tumour cells and subcutaneous regenerative tissue as a
      control lends further support to the assumption that a selective mechanism
      interrelates proliferative mammalian cell populations and multiplying toxinogenic
      clostridia, thus stimulating a new field of application of antisomatotropic
      hormone serum.

PMID- 971045
TI  - Mixed organ culture as a tool for considering cellular tumor-host relationships
      in tumor patients.
AB  - A method is reported for considering tumour-host relationships, which consists in
      cultivation of human tumours jointly with autologous lymphocytes in an organ
      culture system and determining separately tumour and lymphocyte DNA synthesis
      before and after mixed culture. Some experiments explore variables of the new
      system. For mixed organ cultures the best conditions are: 4-day incubation,
      lymphocyte DNA ratio to tumour cell DNA less than 9:1 (2-10(6) lymphocytes/ml)
      and autologous serum. So far 41 tumours (20 mammary, 17 gastric, and 4 bronchial
      carcinomas) have been examined. 22 tumours showed satisfactory in vitro
      maintenance. In 50% of the mixed organ cultures, lymphocyte DNA synthesis proved
      to be higher than in lymphocyte control cultures. Blast counts in the cell smears
      are in good accord with results obtained by biochemical determination of DNA
      synthesis. 7 of the tumours studied have shown a pronounced reduction of DNA
      synthesis in the presence of lymphocytes. The present results underline the
      individuality of tumour-host relationships and suggest the necessity of
      determinations of the immune reactivity in cancer patients. Advantages and
      disadvantages of the method are discussed.

PMID- 971046
TI  - [Cellelectrophoretic studies of the effect of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone
      on blood cells of tumour patients (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone has been studied on the
      electrophoretic mobility of blood cells of 10 unselected and untreated patients
      with preferably solid malignant diseases. Prior to the incubation with CH3-G the
      electrophoretic mobility of lymphocytes and erythrocytes showed increased and of
      platelets showed decreased rates which extend over a larger range than usual and
      for which reasons cannot be given till now. The incubation with CH3-G caused a
      concentration-dependent reduction of the electrophoretic mobility of all three
      tested types of blood cells. This can be estimated as an impairment of a function
      of surface membrane and confirms recently obtained results of activity of CH3-G
      on platelets' surface membrane.

PMID- 971047
TI  - [Splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease--indication and results (author's transl)].
AB  - The spleen is involved in 20-30 percent of patients with Hodgkin's disease.
      Involvement of the spleen cannot be excluded with reliability by radiological
      procedures or clinical chemistry. Therefore laparotomy and splenectomy are
      recommended as staging and therapeutic measures. In the authors's material,
      splenectomy showed splenic lesions in 9 out of 21 patients, mostly unexpected.
      Splenectomy is always indicated in stage II and should be taken into
      consideration in individual cases of stages I and III, too.

PMID- 971048
TI  - [Basal cell carcinoma (basalioma solidum) on a tubed pedicle flap in the oral
      cavity (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is given on the formation of a basal cell carcinoma (Basalioma solidum)
      on a tubed pedicle flap of acromiopectoral transplanted into the oral cavity.
      This plastic successfully covered a vast perforation of the palate after a severe
      wounding by shell splinters 33 years ago. The histologically proofed basal cell
      carcinoma (Basalioma solidum) was entirely brought to disappearance by 6000 R
      tumor-dose telecobalt. After 1 1/2 years the patient was without any complaint
      and recurrence. Etiology and pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (Basalioma
      solidum) are discussed in the light of the literature.

PMID- 971049
TI  - [Absorption, elimination, and metabolism of K-2004 in man (author's transl)].

PMID- 971050
TI  - [The reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxy-1-thiocoumarin and 4
      mercaptocoumarin with diphenylketene (author's transl)].

PMID- 971051
TI  - [Polymorphe forms of psilocine and psilocybine].

PMID- 971052
TI  - [Thioeserine, the thioanalogue of eserin (author's transl)].

PMID- 971053
TI  - [Irradiation products of dihydronardosinondiol (author's transl)].

PMID- 971054
TI  - [Potential tumor inhibitors by alkylation of 3-amino-s-triazole (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971055
TI  - [Experiments on the reactivity of pyrylium salts towards basic reactants
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 971056
TI  - [Dualwavelength in situ determination using zigzag scan (author's transl)].

PMID- 971057
TI  - [Decker-oxidation of homarine (author's transl)].

PMID- 971058
TI  - [Fluoroalkyl substituted purine derivatives (author's transl)].

PMID- 971059
TI  - [1,2,4,4a-tetrahydrol (1) thiopyrano (4,3-b)(1,5) benzodiazepin-5-one (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971060
TI  - [pi-Electron rich, benzocondensed heteroaromates as "inverse" dienophils].

PMID- 971061
TI  - [Racemic and optically active N'-ethyl-hexobarbital].

PMID- 971062
TI  - [Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydroquinolizine-4-on-1-carbonic acid
      esters].

PMID- 971063
TI  - [A catalytic effect of hydrogen peroxide on the hydrolysis of aspirin (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971064
TI  - [Influence of A1,3 strain on the stereochemistry of substituted dicyanomethylene
      piperidines (author's transl)].

PMID- 971065
TI  - [Polymorphous modifications and solvates of ajmaline and isoajmaline].

PMID- 971066
TI  - [The reactivity of N-acyl-heterocumulenes towards phospholenes, II (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971067
TI  - [Separation of basic drugs by high-voltage paper electrophoresis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971068
TI  - [Investigations about formation of a novel ring system: pyrrolo(2,3-e)
      thiadiazine (author's transl)].

PMID- 971069
TI  - [The reactivity of n-acyl-heterocumulenes towards phospholenes, III (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971070
TI  - [Reactions of 7-diphenylmethylene-bis-benzo-2H-pyrano(4,3-b:3',4'-e)4H-pyran-6,8
      dione (author's transl)].

PMID- 971071
TI  - [Photodimerisation and adduct formation among xanthene derivatives (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971072
TI  - [Arylcarbamoylation of hydroxylamine (author's transl)].

PMID- 971073
TI  - [Preparation of disubstituted 4-oxo-4H-pyrazole-1,2-bis-oxides (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971074
TI  - [N-(acyloxymethyl)carboxamides (author's transl)].

PMID- 971075
TI  - [Acylation reactions of n-hydroxymethylthiobenzamide (author's transl)].

PMID- 971076
TI  - [Mannich reaction of 4-pyrones].

PMID- 971077
TI  - [Production of aromatic aldehydes by catalyctic hydrogenation of nitriles].

PMID- 971078
TI  - [Flowmeter changes induced by glucagon in hepato-portal hemodynamics in the
      course of hemorrhagic shock in dogs].
AB  - Anoxic lesion in haemorrhagic shock may result in exclusion of the capillary
      circulation to the point of stagnant hypoxia. Under normal conditions, glucagon
      regulates hepatoportal haemodynamics. Its experimentation in the correction of
      haemorrhagic shock in the dog showed that it increased hepatoportal flow towards
      normality by reducing local resistance. The consequences with respect to
      intestinal tissue metabolism make this finding of particular interest.

PMID- 971079
TI  - [Changes in the exocrine secretion of the pancreas after thyroidectomy.
      Experimental research].
AB  - Reduction of protein and bicarbonate flow and concentration after experimental
      thyroidectomy was observed in the rat. Clinical applications of the reduction of
      thyroid activity in the treatment of acute pancreatitis are proposed.

PMID- 971080
TI  - [Role of respiratory physiokinetic therapy in general surgery].
AB  - The applications of respiratory physiokinesitherapy in general surgery are
      considered. Emphasis is placed on its importance in the prevention and management
      of complications venous thrombosis and embolia, in the conservation of muscle
      strength, and as routine pre- and postoperative management.

PMID- 971081
TI  - [Vertical concomitant strabismus].

PMID- 971082
TI  - [Toxicological and pharmacological studies of glycerol].
AB  - The toxicological effects of 10% glycerol were investigated in the mouse and rat.
      This product displayed very low acute toxicity on i.v. and intraperitoneal
      administration while no toxic effects were noted in the rat as a result of
      repeated administration over 3 months. Teratogenic effects were not observed
      after daily i.v. administration in the rabbit. Changes in arterial pressure and
      globular osmotic resistance did not appear during or after continuous infusion.
      The relevant literature is also examined. Glycerol has been found active in
      experimental various models of cerebral oedema. It also has a useful effect on
      cerebral metabolism.

PMID- 971083
TI  - [Accidental inhalation of a foreign body. Presentation of 2 cases with atypical
      symptoms].
AB  - Problems related to the inhalation of foreign bodies by children are discussed
      and two cases with unusual symptom pictures are presented. It is shown that some
      instances of acute respiratory or cardiorespiratory insufficiency of unknown
      origin in infancy may in fact be attributable to a foreign body in the
      respiratory system.

PMID- 971084
TI  - Subclavian steal syndrome. A 12-year experience.
AB  - Over a 12-year period, 43 operations were performed on 40 patients for correction
      of the subclavian steal syndrome. Eleven of these patients also underwent
      endarterectomy for coexisting carotid artery disease. There were 16 transthoracic
      procedures and 27 transcervical procedures. Graft failure in two patients was
      corrected by a second operation. There was one early death and one late death.
      The remaining 38 patients have been carefully studied for up to 12 years, with an
      average follow-up period of 60 months. These 38 patients have remained
      asymptomatic and their revascularization procedures have remained functional, as
      determined by blood pressure determinations in the involved extremity and, in
      some cases, by arteriography.

PMID- 971085
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. Diagnosis and surgical management.
AB  - Leiomyosarcoma of vascular origin are rare tumors arising most frequently from
      the inferior vena cava (IVC). We report on three patients one of whom underwent
      definitive resection. These tumors most commonly involve the upper segment of the
      IVC, and appear with manifestations of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Lesions at this
      level are not amenable to surgical therapy. Tumors of the middle and lower
      segments of the IVC usually cause right-sided pain. Diagnosis is difficult, but
      is best approached preoperatively by angiography and vena cavography. Optimal
      therapy of lesions at these levels is surgical resection. Resection of the IVC
      below the hepatic veins is possible with renal function preserved by collateral
      drainage of the left renal vein.

PMID- 971086
TI  - Postoperative acute acalculous cholecystitis.
AB  - Two patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis after major surgical operations
      (cystectomy ad modum Bricker because of carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and
      proctocolectomy because of ulcerative colitis) are described. Various possible
      causes of acalculous cholecystitis after operation or after trauma are discussed.
      Postoperative acute acalculous cholecystitis has a more fulminant course than
      ordinary calculous cholecystitis. Treatment consists of immediate
      cholecystectomy.

PMID- 971087
TI  - Gallstone pancreatitis. Exploration of the biliary system in acute and recurrent
      pancreatitis.
AB  - During a five-year period, 82 patients were treated for acute pancreatitis, 63 of
      whom were proved to have associated biliary tract disease. In 18 of the 63, the
      accepted preoperative diagnostic measures failed to demonstrate pathologic
      findings in the biliary system. In 16 of the 18 patients, stones were discovered
      at the time of operation, although in five they were so small as to be
      demonstrable only filtering the aspirated bile through gauze. In the two of the
      18 without stones, cholecystitis was present. In 14 patients the ducts
      choledochus and the pancreatic duct had a common path. All patients had no
      further pancreatitis two to eight years cholecystectomy. In Israel, where
      alcoholism is rare, three fourths of the cases of acute pancreatitis are
      associated with gallbladder disease.

PMID- 971088
TI  - Congenital choledochal cysts.
AB  - Cystic dilation of the common bile duct is a rare congenital anomaly. The cases
      of two patients, 2 1/2 and 18 years old, respectively, illustrate the difficulty
      in preoperative diagnosis, as well as the value of long-term postoperative follow
      up. Ascending cholangitis developed in one of the patients after a Roux-en-Y
      cystojejunostomy nine years after operation. A follow-up of three years after
      cystoduodenostomy and 14 years after a hepaticojejunostomy is reported. In
      infants and small children, a cystoduodenostomy is usually done; otherwise,
      cystojejunostomy should be the preferred initial operation. Excision may be
      attempted if the cyst is very small, and in selected cases.

PMID- 971089
TI  - Central venous pressure and pulmonary wedge pressure. A comparative study in
      anesthetized surgical patients.
AB  - To determine the reliability of central venous pressure (CVP) as a guide to fluid
      therapy during an operation, repeated and simultaneous CVP and pulmonary wedge
      pressure (PWP) measurements were made with a Swan-Ganz catheter in 13 relatively
      elderly patients without obvious cardiac or respiratory disease- Overall
      correlation between CVP and PWP was highly significant (P less than .001); there
      was, however, an important variation of the correlation for each patient. For
      values of CVP greater than or equal to 8 mm Hg, the correlation was not
      significant. The disparity between right and left ventricular filling pressures
      was confirmed by the relationship between serial changes in CVP and PWP. These
      data strongly suggest that in relatively elderly patients undergoing surgery
      without evidence of cardiac or respiratory disease, CVP may be misleading index
      for appreciating PWP.

PMID- 971090
TI  - Hemicorporectomy for intractable decubitus ulcers.
AB  - A hemicorporectomy was successfully employed for control of intractable decubitus
      ulcers, osteomyelitis, and low-grade epidermoid cancer in a 55-year-old man
      marked reduction in pulmonary functions. Strict attention to postoperative fluid
      balance was associated with a smooth convalescence. The operation may be more
      applicable to paraplegic patients with intractable pelvic decubiti than to those
      with advanced pelvic tumors. In view of the increased number of paraplegics who
      may be at risk for developing this problem, more frequent consideration of the
      procedure seems warranted.

PMID- 971091
TI  - Percutaneous adrenal suppression with topically applied corticosteroids.
AB  - Synthetic fluorinated derivatives of cortisone, when topically applied, are
      absorbed readily and may suppress adrenal function. In the case presented here,
      large quantities of topically applied triamcinolone acetonide were used in the
      treatment of atopic dermatitis. This caused a noticeable decrease in the plasma
      cortisol level. That this was the result of adrenal suppression rather than
      insufficiency was indicated by a satisfactory response of the plasma cortisol
      levels to a cosyntropin injection test. In patients with a history of recent and
      extensive use of topically applied corticosteroids, appropriate diagnostic and
      therapeutic measures are indicated to avoid postoperative adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 971093
TI  - Increased risk of appendicitis in patients with pelvic appendix.

PMID- 971092
TI  - Clinical diagnosis of pancreatic tumor.

PMID- 971094
TI  - Barium appendicitis.

PMID- 971095
TI  - [Studies on methionine metabolism. 1. Studies on general metabolism and body
      composition].
AB  - 19-day trials were carried out with diets containing varying amounts of
      methionine (0.3%), 0.8%, 1.3%, 2.0%, 2.8%, 5.3%). Diets containing 0.8%
      methionine were found to have the most favourable effect. Increasing methionine
      supplementation gradually decreased the food consumption, the daily weight gains
      and the efficiency of food utilization of the animals. Data on weight gains and
      food utilization in the "pair-fed" groups were more favourable.  A stepwise
      decline was observed with regard to the absolute quantity of nitrogen retained
      (mg) as well as with regard to the quotient (%) of the amount of N retained to
      the amount of N utilized. Studies on the body composition of the animals showed
      that all those animals consuming large quantities of methionine did not
      synthesize protein while the process of protein synthesis in "pair fed" animals
      was found to be reduced, but still positive. These results suggest the occurrence
      of disorders in the protein metabolism arising in the organism of the animals in
      response to the uptake of large amounts of methionine. The relatively low fat
      content of the bodies of animals receiving excessive amounts of methionine, the
      increasing losses of fat during the trial as well as decreases in the RQ values
      indicated an increased rate of fat utilization in these animals. The relative
      water content of the body of animals receiving excessive quantities of methionine
      was higher, but, nevertheless, the massive weight decreases were, in the first
      instance, due to losses of water. Loss of water and fat as well as relative
      hydratation are characteristic symptoms of malnutrition. These were, to some
      extent, also observed in "pair fed" animals.

PMID- 971096
TI  - [35S excretion in rats after injection of 35S methionine in relation to protein
      and amino acid nutrition].
AB  - Experimental rats received purified or semisynthetic diets containing 10% or 6%
      crude protein (Soya protein). These were supplemented with 0.1% or 0.2% L-, D- or
      DL methionine. After a 5-day feeding period the animals were injected 35S-DL
      methionine. For 48 hrs after 35S administration the pattern of urinary 35S
      excretion was traced. Neither the level of protein does not the configuration of
      the methionine supplemented nor the level of methionine supplementation were
      found to influence urinary 35S excretion in any way. Amino acid imbalance as
      induced by supplementation of 5% DL threonine produced a highly significant
      increase in the rate of 35S excretion on the 1st day of experiment. The results
      obtained suggest the conclusion that any determination of methionine requirements
      based on metabolic data should leave out from consideration values on the level
      of urinary 35S excretion obtained on the first day of experiment, as these are
      dependent on amino acid transport rather than on protein metabolism.

PMID- 971097
TI  - [Cu concentration in the milk of rats receiving diets with varying Cu content].
AB  - 2 trials were conducted with female rats to investigate in which way the level of
      dietary Cu influenced the level of Cu concentrations in rat milk. The trials were
      made to establish whether data on the Cu content of milk might be used as
      indication of the level and state of Cu supply to the animal. In the period of
      colostrum formation the Cu content of the milk was shown to be clearly dependent
      on the level of dietary Cu. In later periods of lactation Cu concentrations in
      the milk (from 2 mg of Cu per kg of diet) were found to be unaffected by the Cu
      content of the diet. Constant Cu concentrations of between 2.5 to 3.0 mg per kg
      of milk were noted in this period. It was only in cases of extreme Cu deficiency
      (0.5 mg/kg of diet) that soon after parturition the Cu values decreased to and
      remained at a very low level of 1 mg per kg of milk. Generally, colostrum
      contained 4-6 times more Cu than ordinary milk (in all groups).

PMID- 971098
TI  - [Determination of phosphonic acids in ruminal fluid].
AB  - A technique has been worked out for determining amino alkyl phosphonic acids in
      ruminal fluid by using methods of hydrolysis, partition of the phosphonic acid on
      a cation exchange column and ashing of the eluate. After evaporation to total
      dryness the phosphonic acids were determined as phosphates. The amounts of acid
      found in the ruminal fluid of goats varied between 0.4 and 1.1 muMol/ml. In view
      of the fact that these acids are microbial compounds it will appear that any
      change in the amount of compounds produced in the rumen would indicate changes in
      the concentration of the microbial mass in the rumen.

PMID- 971099
TI  - [Influence of milk-fat substitute feeding on the metabolism in calves].
AB  - Investigations were made to study the effect of milk fat substitutes ("Laktin",
      "TZS-60") on the metabolism of 3 and 5-weeks-old calves. "Laktin" is prepared
      from lard and hydrogenated soya and fish oil; additionally, it contains lecithin,
      monoglycerides, antioxidants, vitamins and antibiotics. "TSZ-60" is a preparation
      containing starch and colloidal silicic acid as carrier material mixed with 60%
      of coarsely powdered fat (particle sizes ranging from 50 to 200 mum), which in
      turn, is supplemented with vitamins and antibiotics. The kinds of "Laktin" used
      in the present trial contained 95%, 58%-98% or 90% of fat while "TSZ-60"
      contained 59.4%. Both the 3-weeks-old and the 5-weeks-old calves digested the
      "Laktin" fat more efficiently than the kind of fat contained in "TSZ-60"
      ("Laktin": 94.3% to 97.3% of fat; "TSZ-60" 71.8% to 90.5%). As a consequence of
      this, the "Laktin"-fed calves exhibited a higher rate of nitrogen utilization and
      nitrogen retention. According to the results obtained in the present trial
      "Laktin" should be given in daily doses of 219 g (an amount corresponding to 7
      litres of milk with a milk fat content of 3.13%) while "TSZ-60" should be fed in
      daily amounts of 245 g (corresponding to 7 litres of milk with a milk fat content
      of 2.1%). Higher doses ("Laktin": 323 g/day: "TSZ-60" 335 g/day) would have a
      detrimental effect on the metabolism of the calves. Apart from this, it was not
      found that higher doses would help to reduce the protein consumption of the
      animals.

PMID- 971100
TI  - [Substitution of protein feed through lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat
      during the rearing and laying period of hens. 2. Effect of graded lysine doses on
      food consumption and the rate of weight gain in young hens].
AB  - In a feeding trial 1920 young hens received rations consisting mainly of high
      protein wheat with or without additions of lysine or methionine (table 1) and a
      control ration. The five rations contained 0.77%, 0,59%, 0,61%, 0,54% of 0,46%
      lysine. In the period between the 9th and 20th week of experiment the hens
      receiving less lysine consumed less food in the beginning but more food towards
      the end of this experimental period (12th to 16th week of experiment). The lower
      energy content of the control diet produced a higher rate of food consumption.
      Variations in the lysine supply in general produced only slight differences in
      feed consumption and weight gain in the rearing period of the hens, whereas a
      compensatory effect was observed with regard to the growth rate of the birds.
      Despite the balanced crude protein consumption of the birds a positive linear
      regression of crude protein utilization was calculated for the percantege crude
      protein retention (y) as depending upon the lysine content of the ration (x) (y =
      11.34 + 19,61x; B = 0.93). The wheat protein could be improved by lysine
      supplements.

PMID- 971101
TI  - [Methionine metabolism. 2. Biochemical and histological studies in rats].
AB  - Male rats weighing 100 g were used in a 19-day trial. The rats received diets
      containing varying proportions of methionine. Their absolute liver weight was
      lower, due to the high methionine levels, than that of the animals fed optimum
      rations, whereas the relative liver weight was found to be lower only in the pair
      fed group. No essential differences were observed between the levels of dry
      matter, protein, and fat. Glycogen levels were found to be lowered only in cases
      when high methionine doses were administered. Pathologically low levels of
      glycogen were found in animals of the pair-fed group. High methionine consumption
      reduced the percentages of 12 glucogenetic amino acids in the liver. This, in
      turn, suggests an increased rate of glucose formation from amino acids, a process
      which was not observed in animals of the pair-fed group. High methionine doses
      produced a condition of hyperglycaemia, while in the pair-fed group hypoglycaemia
      was observed. The highest rate of secretion of thyroid hormones was found in
      animals receiving the optimum ration; a lower rate of secretion was observed in
      the animals consuming less or more methionine. In animals receiving high
      methionine levels the rate of hormone secretion decreased in a stepwise manner
      with increasing methionine supplementation. Only the highest methionine doses
      (5,3%) were found to have a negative effect on the maximum rate of iodine
      incorporation into the thyroid gland. These findings were also substantiated by
      histological investigations because a true pathological picture was only found in
      histological sections of thyroid tissue from animals fed the highest methionine
      doses (5,3%) The thyroid tissue of these animals consisted predominantly of small
      glandular alveoli whose colloid was slightly coloured. The epithelial cells of
      these alveoli were degenerated; some cases of liver cell disintegration and, more
      rarely, cellular necrosis were noted.

PMID- 971102
TI  - [Nitrogen metabolism of broilers fed N-15 labeled wheat. 3. Blood, liver, spleen,
      thymus, kidney, brain, pancreas, labile N reservoir].
AB  - Studies on the N metabolism of 4-week-old male broilers fed 15N Labelled wheat
      revealed a close correlation existing between the levels of 15N concentrations in
      the small intestine and in the plasma NPN fraction of the blood. The highest
      level of excess 15Natom0/0 in plasma proteins was noted as late as 20-30 hrs
      after administration of the last tracer dose. The mean life time of plasma
      proteins in broilers is less than 2.0 days. The rapid and statistically
      significant decrease of 15N frequency in the liver, spleen, thymus, and kidneys
      in the period from 12 hrs after withdrawal of the last 15N dose until the end of
      the trial reflects the intensity of N turnover in these organs. In the period
      from 6 hrs to 12 hrs after the last N intake the mean quantities of N in the
      liver, small intestine and kidneys decreased by 18%, 29%, 26% and 16%. The
      quantity of N accumulated in these organs after food intake is gradually released
      into the organism.

PMID- 971103
TI  - [Protein utilization in calves during different periods of liquid feed
      fattening].
AB  - 2 groups of male calves (Braunvieh) each comprising 5 animals with liveweights,
      at the day of slaughtering, of 58 kg, 99 kg and 155 kg were used in a trial that
      was carried out to obtain data on the utilization of dry matter, crude protein,
      crude fat and ash in the bipartite feeding of calves. The nutrient content of the
      animals was determined by total body analysis. The following values for nutrient
      retention were obtained in comparative slaughtering trials by using
      differentiation techniques. No significant differences between the two fattening
      periods were observed concerning the utilization of total dry matter in the milk
      substitutes. About 24% of the dietary dry matter were retained. The mean value
      for the utilization of dietary fat during the whole period of fattening was found
      to be about 55% provided, the fat was not used as energy source to meet
      maintenance requirements. 49% of the milk proteins were utilized for both
      retention and maintenance in the first period of fattening and 55% during the
      second period. Differences between the two periods showed no consistent trend. In
      view of the fact that for all animals used in the trial digestibility was taken
      to be 95% the utilization coefficients for the digested crude protein were higher
      by about 3% compared with the figures for crude protein. After subtraction of
      maintenance needs it was found that, on an average, 63% of the residual amount of
      digested protein available over the whole fattening period were retained in the
      body. 55% to 57% of the retained protein were deposited in those parts of the
      body of the animals that are used for human nutrition. It is for this reason that
      in the first half of the fattening period only 29.8% of the ingested dietary
      proteins were retained in the edible cuts of the animal body, as compared with
      30.4% during the second half of the fattening period.

PMID- 971104
TI  - [Determination of the true digestibility of amino acids in pigs].
AB  - Pigs of varying liveweight received protein-free diets in a trial made to
      establish the excretion levels of endogenic intestinal nitrogen and endogenic
      intestinal amino acids. The highest excretion rates of endogenic intestinal N and
      intestinal amino acids per kg of liveweight or per 100 g of dry matter ingested
      were found in pigs weighing about 10 to 40 kg. The lowest values were abtained in
      pigs with a liveweight exceeding 40 kg. The levels of endogenic intestinal N and
      intestinal amino acids are variable quantities. So, true amino acid digestibility
      data should be determined in pigs weighing more than 40 kg, because in these
      animals the relation between the intaken of amino acids and the level of
      endogenic excretion in the faeces is widest and hence, this variable factor would
      have the least influence on calculations of digestibility data. The data
      established for the true digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids of barley fed
      to pigs weighting 10-100 kg were found to be at the same level (with the
      exception of lysine) when due consideration was given to figures for the
      excretion of endogenic intestinal N and intestinal amino acids taking into
      account the liveweight of the animals.

PMID- 971105
TI  - [Effect of zinc deficiency on the digestibility and utilization of nutrients].
AB  - Weaned male rats were used in a metabolic trial to investigate the digestibility
      of dry matter, crude protein, ash and energy, the energy and N balances and the
      rates of zinc absorption and zinc retention under conditions of zinc deficiency.
      2X8 experimental animals were kept in separate metabolism cages for 6 periods
      each lasting 5 days. The animals received a semisynthetic zinc-deficient diet
      (casein + starch + sucrose) containing only 1.0 mg Zn per kg of dry matter (zinc
      deficient group fed ad libitum) or plus 49 mg Zn per kg of dry matter (pair-fed
      control group). The mean intake of dry matter was 2-3 g per day/animal. 2.9 g of
      food were necessary to produce 1 g of weight increase in the deficient animals
      and 1.4 g in the controls. The rate of apparent zinc absorption was always
      clearly negative in the Zn-deficient group. In the control group apparent zinc
      absorption decreased from 60% to 27% in the course of the trial while zinc
      retention decreased from 51% to 10%. During zinc deficiency the rates of both
      faecal and absolute renal Zn excretion were found to be greatly reduced. The
      proportion of renal zinc excretion relative to total excretion averaged 60% in
      the experimental group as compared to 17% in the controls. No significant
      differences were found in the digestibility data of gross energy. Nutrient
      digestibility (%) was significantly reduced under conditions of Zn deficiency
      (data for the control group given in brackets): 92,6 (94.0) for dry matter; 93,2
      (94.1) for organic matter; 93.3 (96.2) for crude protein and 76.6 (90.8) for
      crude ash. Similarly, N retention data, in Zn-deficient animals, declined from
      30.5% to 14.7%, and metabolizable energy decreased from 88.7% to 85.6%. The
      differences obtained are not sufficient, however, to account for the clearly
      increased food requirements observed in zinc-deficient animals. Thus,
      considerable disturbances have to be assumed to occur in the processes of
      intermediary nutrient utilization.

PMID- 971106
TI  - [Constant level of intestinal amino acids as a function of the composition of
      same].
AB  - The present study was conducted with pigs. It was designed to investigate whether
      extreme amino acid proportions in the ration would influence the excretion of
      endogenic amino acids in the faeces. Addition of DL-methionine or L-Lysine
      produced slight changes in the composition of endogenic intestiornal protein, a
      fact that was practically of little or no importance for the method of faecal
      analysis used in determining the true digestibility of amino acids (classical
      technique).

PMID- 971107
TI  - [Determination of urea in the ruminal fluid of sheep].
AB  - Low values for urea were found in samples of ruminal fluid of sheep fed
      concentrate rations if urea determination was carried out by the urease method.
      The present paper describes a both simple and sensitive colorimetric method of
      analysis using diacetyldioxime. The method is suitable for determining urea in
      coloured solutions such as ruminal fluid or silage extracts.

PMID- 971108
TI  - [Interaction of nickel with iron, copper and zinc].
AB  - Studies were carried out investigating the role of nickel as an essential element
      in the growth of rats. Reduced levels of iron, copper and zinc were found in the
      liver, spleen and kidneys during Ni deficiency. These findings could be
      reproduced in 2 generations of 30-day and 50-day-old rats. Reduced rates of Fe
      storage during Ni deficiency were, in some cases, even noted of the Fe supply was
      raised to a level of as high as 100 mg Fe per kg of the diet. This accounted for
      the diminished haemoglobin values, the reduced erythrocyte count and reduced
      hematocrite found under conditions of Ni deficiency.

PMID- 971109
TI  - [Nitrogen metabolism of broilers fed 15-N labeled wheat. 4. 15-N concentration in
      muscles and nitrogen utilization].
AB  - Broilers were fed 15N labelled wheat and the concentration of the labelled
      isotope in muscular tissue was determined. A negative correlation was found to
      exist between the percentage proportion of N in the muscle fractions and the
      level of 15N frequency established 12 hrs after administration of the labelled
      ration. Higher rates of tracer incorporation were observed in the muscles of legs
      and other muscles (predominatly red muscles) than in pectoral muscles (white
      muscles). The heart was shown to exhibit the lowest N content and the highest
      level of 15N frequency of all muscle fractions. In view of the fact that some
      specific difficulties will arise when certain factors (trace elements, vitamins,
      ergotropic substances, genetic factors) which influence the N metabolism of
      fattening poultry, are estimated on the basis of the conventional N balance
      trials the present tracer technique is recommended for use as an alternative
      method in studies of the kind just described. In the present trial 20% of the
      wheat N were utilized for the production of meat N in muscular tissue.

PMID- 971110
TI  - [Distribution of radioactivity in the body and rate of incorporation of
      radioactivity into the tissue proteins of monogastric animals following
      intravenous injection of tracer amino acids].
AB  - The studies were carried out with pigs and rats. The radioactive animo acids (14C
      leucine and 3H lysine) were administered to the pigs by way of a catheter tube
      into the jugular vein. Subsequently, the time pattern of the distribution of the
      specific amino acid radioactivity was followed in the TCE soluble and Tce
      precipitable fractions of the blood plasma (TCE= trichloro-acetic acid). The
      radioactive labelling in rats was carried out by injecting 14C leucine into the
      portal vein. The animals were killed after incorporation periods from 2 to 60
      mins, and the levels of specific radioactivity were estimated in the TCE soluble
      and TCE precipitable fractions of the blood plasma, in the liver and in the
      skeletal muscles. The experimental results clearly indicated that the specific
      radioactivity of the tracer amino acids and the rate of incorporation of
      radioactivity into tissue proteins were greatly influenced by the size of the
      free amino acid pool within the range of distribution of the tracer. An
      estimation of the magnitude of the pool of free amino acids within the
      distribution range of the tracer can be obtained from the curve pattern for the
      decline of specific radioactivity of the corresponding free amino acid in the
      blood plasma. This pool exhibits a high rate of turnover. In all studies made to
      evaluate in vivo processes of protein synthesis by use of radioactive tracer
      amino acids it will be particularly important that consideration should be given
      to the specific radioactivity of the amino acid in the precursor pool for protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 971111
TI  - Infection of newborn and fetal hamsters induced by inoculation of LuIII
      parvovirus.
AB  - The LuIII parvovirus was adapted to the newborn hamster and produced a systemic
      infection with massive intestinal hemorrhage. Inoculation of pregnant hamsters
      lead to transplacental infection of the fetuses and abortion. Most fetal deaths
      were observed in animals inoculated on days 8 and 10 of gestation. Virus was
      recovered from dead fetuses, placentas, and viable fetuses. Histological lesions
      were found in the heart, liver, kidney and CNS of infected fetuses.

PMID- 971112
TI  - [Concepts of G. A. Shmidt concerning the principles of ecologic embryology and
      their use in current research].
AB  - Under consideration are principle conceptions of G. A. Shmidt on the ecological
      method in embryology: succession between the compared species, difference in the
      ecology and organization of adult individuals, distinctions in the course of
      embryogenesis. Difficulties in a strict observation of all these principles are
      analyzed in comparative embryological investigations. Possible use of the above
      principles for studying the intrespecies variability of ontogenetical processes
      is shown.

PMID- 971113
TI  - [Human placental morphology as an index of features of maternal-fetal
      relationships].
AB  - Principle possibilities of the complex evaluation of the mother-fetus exchange
      were studied by means of morphological investigations of the human placenta in
      normality, in vesicular mole, late toxicoses, hemolytic disease of newborns and
      malformations of the fetus. The investigation of the ratio of the villi of
      different size, deposition of fibrinoid on their surface, the change of the
      amount of cytotrophoblastic elements, cells of Kaschenko-Hofbauer and the
      polymerity of the basic substance are of diagnostic value. The authors propose
      the basal lamina of the placenta to be included into the scheme of the
      examination of placenta.

PMID- 971114
TI  - [Morphofunctional specialization of tissue components of the mammalian placenta
      and adaptational value in changes in the rate of their differentiation
      (evolutionary and clinical aspects)].
AB  - It has been shown that in the ontogenesis of human placenta there occur regular
      changes in the percentage of the villi of various calibre having different
      interrelationships between the trophoblast, the connective tissue stroma and the
      fetal vessel. The changes of the number of chorial villi affected by fibrinoid
      and containing blood vessels under the trophoblast in late toxicoses of women and
      the anemic syndrom are analyzed (treated and not treated groups of women
      suffering from different forms of toxicosis were compared). An increased amount
      of chorial villi having blood vessels under the trophoblast is noted which is a
      morphofunctional feature of compensatory-adaptational alterations. Possible
      ecologo-evolutionary approaches to clearing the biological significance of
      adaptational changes of morphogenesis of the human placenta in pathological
      pregnancy are shown by the example of the analysis of morphological peculiarities
      of the placenta of the dolphin.

PMID- 971115
TI  - [XXVth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the great
      obligation of Soviet morphologists].

PMID- 971116
TI  - [Localization of the fluorescent part of the Y-chromosome in nuclei of the
      chorionic symplast of the human placenta].
AB  - The localization of fluorescing Y-chromatin was studied in the nuclei of the
      chorionic symplast of the mature human placenta in cytological smears and
      histological sections stained with acrichin-mustard. Its localization within the
      nucleus and its relationship with nucleoli and nuclear membrane are shown. The
      significance of studying Y-chromatin in the placenta for population
      investigations in human cytogenetics and for the establishing of the affiliation
      of placenta structures is discussed.

PMID- 971117
TI  - [A previously unknown nucleus in the lateral loop of the dolphin brain, its
      morphologic organization and origin].
AB  - An earlier unknown cell formation in the lateral loop of the dolphin brain has
      been first shown and studied. On the basis of cytoarchitectonical and
      topographical characteristics its homology with the corresponding nucleus of
      other mammals has been established. The investigation has brought a substantial
      correction to the morphology of nuclei of the lateral loop of dolphins since the
      formation described proved to be a ventral nucleus of the lateral loop while the
      structure known in the literature under this name represents an intermediate
      nucleus of the lateral loop of the animals concerned.

PMID- 971118
TI  - [Projections of several intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus to the caudate
      nucleus in cats].
AB  - Direct connections of the central medial, parafascicular and central lateral
      nuclei of the thalamus with the rostral and caudal parts of the head and the body
      of the caudate nucleus were studied. The study has revealed that only the central
      nucleus of the three concerned intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus is projected
      on the caudate nucleus, head and body. The central medial and parafascicular
      nucleus of the thalamus does not seem to have direct connections with the caudate
      nucleus.

PMID- 971119
TI  - [Localization of cells connected with different tropic functions in the
      hypophysis of the young of Huso huso L. X Acipenser ruthenus L., Chondrostei].
AB  - A number of histological and histochemical methods were used in order to detect
      different secretory cells in the hypophysis of young Huso huso L. x Acipenser
      ruthenus L., Chondrostei. special attention was given to somatotropic cells. For
      their detection the following staining methods were used: orange G - acidic red
      2C - acidic green G after fixation in the mixture of HgCl2 with formalin. In the
      dorsal part of the hypophysis having the appearance of vertical folds pressed
      into the hypophysis from the dorsal side, the cellular elements are represented
      mainly by somatotropic cells. In the dorso-nasal part the prolactin cells form
      the follicles. Part of prolactin cells lie between the follicles. Here there are
      some corticotropic cells. In the ventral part a considerable amount of basophils
      are found. The anatomic structure of the hypophysis is considered basing on the
      above data.

PMID- 971120
TI  - [Morphofunctional analysis of the response of the parotid gland to disruption of
      its sympathetic innervation].
AB  - The parotid salivary gland of rats was studied after extirpation of the upper
      cervical sympathetic ganglion in different time after a single feeding. The gland
      of non-fed animals served as control. The desympathization of the gland has been
      shown to result in considerable alterations in the ultrastructure of its acinar
      cells and less pronounced alterations in the salivary tube cells. The
      interferometrical study has shown that after desympathization the dry weight of
      acinar cells, the sparseness of the dry weight figures in different animals and
      the amplitude of the protein amount fluctuations during the secretion cycle
      decreased. The obtained data point out that to sustain the structural entity of
      the organ and its normal functioning the sympathetic innervation of the organ
      must be kept intact.

PMID- 971121
TI  - [Patterns characterizing different levels of animal organization].
AB  - The article deals with features of the regularities characterizing different
      levels of organization of the animal body. The cell is not only an integrated but
      also indivisible organic integrity which is due to the  interaction of the
      nucleus and cytoplasm determining all sides of its vital activity. From this
      viewpoint the results of experiments on transplantation of the embryo cell
      nucleus into an enucleated egg of amphibia and the data on somatic hybridization
      are estimated. All processes of the cell life, their growth, multiplication and
      differentiation develop within the tissue system and are determined by the
      regularities of its development. The integrated system of the organism of a
      multicellular animal unites all the forms of integration of multi-step systemic
      pattern at different organization levels. Among different categories the systems
      of tissues and their interaction within the organ are most integrated. The
      regularities of the tissue development can not be brough to the regularities of
      the development of the anatomical structure of organs. The integration of cell
      elements in a tissue system and intertissue relations is the basis of all forms
      of interdependence in the cell development and the organism structure.

PMID- 971122
TI  - [Ultrastructure and dynamics of the transosomes of the follicular epithelium of
      avian ovaries].
AB  - Specific organelles in follicular cells of the avian ovaries - so called
      transosomes - are described. Transosomes are formed in the follicular cell
      cytoplasm under the cytoplasmic membrane and consist of a dense layer 100-150 A
      in thickness and granules 110-250 A in diameter evenly distributed on its inner
      surface and containing r-RNA. The main property of transosomes is to move from
      one follicular cell to another or to an oocyte having separated from numerous
      processes of follicular cells and being surrounded by two additional membranes.
      In the ooplasm the transosome takes part in the development of primordial yolk
      granules. It is supposed that transosomes bring about a transmission of somatic
      follicular cells to the occyte which is necessary for the initial stages of
      vitellogenesis.

PMID- 971123
TI  - [Optimization of the teaching of morphologic disciplines in medical institutes].

PMID- 971124
TI  - [A training-research approach in teaching--a new important link in the education
      process].

PMID- 971125
TI  - Abdominal trauma: when to go in when to stay out?

PMID- 971126
TI  - Are corticosteroids worth the risks in obstructive lung diseases in adults?

PMID- 971127
TI  - Computed tomographic scanning.

PMID- 971128
TI  - Communicable disease legislation.

PMID- 971129
TI  - Radiology case of the month.

PMID- 971130
TI  - Ultrastructure of the stroma of nasal polyps: cilia in stromal fibroblasts.
AB  - Ultrastructural examination of the stroma of simple nasal polyps was shown that
      there is an edematous framework of fibroblasts with abundant interdigitating
      cytoplasmic processes, a plexus of inflamed blood vessels, and a mixed infiltrate
      of active inflammatory cells. Solitary cilia were seen to arise from the stromal
      mesenchymal cells; no mycoplasma or viral inclusions were present. These features
      may have a relationship to the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. An immunologically
      induced liberation of vasoactive amines from mast cells results in increased
      capillary permeability and a consequent excess of intracellular fluid; the
      stromal cells attempt to check this expansion by an increase in collagen
      synthesis.

PMID- 971131
TI  - Lymphocyte response in patients with head and neck cancer: effect of clinical
      stage and radiotherapy.
AB  - Ffty-three patients with head and neck cancer tested before radiation treatment
      to determine numbers of blood lymphocytes and immunologic responses to mitogens
      of lymphocytes in whole-blood cultures had mean values that were 19% to 26% less
      than values for healthy individuals. Thirty patients whose disease was in stages
      III or IV had values similar to those in 23 patients whose disease was in stages
      I or II. Values for 45 patients tested at end of radiotherapy decreased to about
      50% of pretreatment values; however, patients with advanced lesions experienced
      greater decreases (to 24% to 50%) than patients with localized lesions (to 71% to
      84%). Patients with advanced lesions usually received radiation to larger areas
      than patients with localized lesions; therefore, the extent of decline in
      laboratory values was most likely dependent on volume of tissue treated.

PMID- 971132
TI  - Prognostic criteria of sudden deafness as deduced by electrocochleography.
AB  - Electrocochleography was performed at first examination in 34 patients with
      sudden deafness. Recording was made with the use of the transtympanic needle
      electrode technique. A notable difference in the electrocochleographic findings
      was shown between the cases of complete recovery or remarkable improvement and
      the cases of slight improvement or no change. Electrocochleography may be
      prognostic of sudden deafness at initial onset.

PMID- 971133
TI  - Subjective and electrophysiologic tests in brain-stem lesions.
AB  - A battery of subjective and electrophysiologic auditory and vestibular tests were
      administered to 22 patients with neurologically confirmed brain-stem lesions to
      investigate the interrelationships between the test results. Acoustic-reflex and
      simultaneous midplane binaural loudness-balance abnormalities were related to N2
      and N3 abnormalities on the brain-stem evoked-response measures. Unilateral
      abnormalities in low-redundancy speech tests, prolonged auditory reaction times,
      and reduced loudness growth on the alternate binaural loudness-balance test were
      related to ipsilateral N4 abnormalities or contralateral N5 abnormalities on the
      brain-stem evoked-response measures.

PMID- 971134
TI  - The cross-check principle in pediatric audiometry.
AB  - We discuss a method of pediatric audiologic assessment that employs the "cross
      check principle". That is, the results of a single test are cross-checked by an
      independent test measure. Particularly useful in pediatric evaluations as cross
      checks of behavioral test results are impedance audiometry and brain-stem-evoked
      response audiometry (BSER). We present five cases highlighting the value of the
      cross-check principle in pediatric audiologic evaluation.

PMID- 971135
TI  - Brief-tone audiometry in pseudohypacusis.
AB  - Brief-tone audiometry was administered to two groups of listeners. The first
      group consisted of five sophisticated subjects with normal hearing, who were
      tested under normal and simulated hearing-loss conditions. The second group
      consisted of five patients with true pseudohypacusis. Results under simulated and
      true pseudohypacusic conditions were similar, but were different from those
      obtained from the normal listeners under normal conditions, which further extends
      the diagnostic value of brief-tone audiometry.

PMID- 971136
TI  - Mandibular fracture complications.
AB  - This paper presents the authors' experiences with 111 treated mandibular
      fractures and 16 cases of complication. Pertinent data on the fresh fractures are
      given, but the major part of the study deals with cause, diagnosis, and treatment
      of the complications of mandibular fractures. These are divided into four
      categories-infection, nonunion, malunion, and temporomandibular joint ankylosis,
      although only infection and temporomandibular joint ankylosis are included here.
      Unique mandibular fracture complications are reviewed.

PMID- 971137
TI  - Chromophobe adenoma manifesting as a nasopharyngeal mass.
AB  - A 64-year-old woman had a sphenoid sinus tumor and nasopharyngeal mass verified
      to be a nasopharyngeal chromophobe adenoma with no evidence of sellar enlargement
      or involvement. The possibility that this mass arose from ectopic hypophyseal
      tissue located in the pharynx is proposed.

PMID- 971138
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1: bilateral vocal cord nodules.

PMID- 971139
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2: neurilemoma.

PMID- 971141
TI  - Treatment of serous otitis.

PMID- 971140
TI  - Acoustic reflex measurement.

PMID- 971142
TI  - The effect of extensive chorioptic mange of the scrotum on reproductive function
      of the ram.
AB  - Reproductive function was assessed in 14 stud rams which had been rejected as
      genitally unsound because of extensive chorioptic mange (Chorioptes bovis) of the
      scrotum. Severe seminal degeneration was observed in all of these rams. Mean
      testicular weight of the affected rams was 72.2 +/- 18.4 (S.D.) g, while that of
      the non-affected control rams was 190.1 +/- 38.2g. The seminiferous tubules of
      the atrophic testes were severely shrunken and spermatogenic arrest occurred at
      the spermatogonia or primary spermatocyte stage. Androgenic status and libido as
      assessed by seminal fructose, seminal vesicle weight, seminal fructose and
      reaction time were not affected by the disease. The average testicular
      temperature of 11 rams with extensive scrotal mange and severe testicular atrophy
      was 0.6 degrees C to 3.1 degrees C (average 1.7 degrees C) higher than that
      recorded from 11 control rams. The exudative dermatitis did not penetrate the
      tunica vaginalis sac and had no apparent effect on the general health of the
      rams. It was concluded that scrotal mange causes testicular degeneration by
      raising the temperature of the scrotal contents. Four rams that had severe
      testicular atrophy with complete spermatogenic arrest showed an acceptable level
      of semen production following treatment of their mange lesions. Recovery of
      spermatozoal production was also observed following spontaneous cure of
      chorioptic mange lesions in a ram whose scrotum had become severely thickened and
      pendulous due to long-standing chrorioptic mange.

PMID- 971143
TI  - The effect of Leptospira hardjo vaccine in a northern Queensland beef herd.
AB  - In a northern Queensland beef herd where there was serological evidence of L.
      hardjo infection, lactation failure or wastage between pregnancy diagnosis and
      branding was 11.9% in animals vaccinated with a single dose of a L. hardjo
      vaccine and 19.4% in unvaccinated controls. This difference was statistically
      significant (P less than 0.05). Vaccination caused a significant (P less than
      0.05) reduction in rate of lactation failure in heifers but not in other classes
      of cows.

PMID- 971144
TI  - Helminth control in Queensland beef cattle: comparison of part paddock and whole
      paddock treatment in the wallum of south eastern Queensland.
AB  - An increase in the body weight gain of beef calves due to a reduction in the
      overall larval nematode challenge and a consequent reduction in the host response
      to infection was observed on fertilised, improved pasturesin the wallum country
      of south eastern Queensland. Three groups of calves were used. Group 1 consisted
      of 15 calves and their dams on 20 ha, all receiving monthly injectable
      tetramisole. Groups 2 and 3 consisted each of 15 calves and dams grazing 40 ha
      with only the 15 calves of Group 2 receiving monthly tetramisole. The trial
      concluded after 10 months when the mean body weight gains made by calves of
      Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 206 kg. 177 kg and 168 kg respectively. These differences
      proved statistically significant. All heifers from these groups were sold soon
      after the conclusion of the trial and sale prices of heifers from Group 1 were
      11% higher than those from Group 2 and 21% higher than those from Group 3. During
      this work the predominat parasitic nematode present was cooperia spp H. placei
      and O. ostertagi were also prevalent species and O.E. radiatum was present in low
      numbers.

PMID- 971146
TI  - Editorial: the steeplechasing controversy.

PMID- 971145
TI  - The effect of tipping of horns and interruption of journey on bruising in cattle.

PMID- 971147
TI  - Letter: Economics of anthelmintic control of helminthiasis.

PMID- 971148
TI  - Letter: Rectal examination for pregnancy in the mare.

PMID- 971149
TI  - Letter: Economics of anthelmintic control of helminthiasis.

PMID- 971150
TI  - Letter: Brucella suis in feral pigs.

PMID- 971151
TI  - Letter: granulomatous encephalomyelitis of puppies due to Angiostrongylus
      cantonensis.

PMID- 971152
TI  - Letter: suppression of reactivity to bovine PPD tuberculin in cattle tested in
      both caudal folds: a possible sourceof error in tuberculin trials.

PMID- 971153
TI  - Skeletal response of rats to repeated short-term hyperbaric helium-oxygen
      exposures.
AB  - Young male rats were exposed to repeated heliox dives and analyzed for skeletal
      alterations. Animals were exposed 1, 3, 5, or 7 times to either 1 ATA He-O2 for
      12.5 h, or to 5 ATA He-O2 for 4 h and a 8.5 h decompression, or to 5 ATA He-O2
      for 4 h and a 1.5 h decompression. In a separate study, 30 rats were exposed 6
      times to 5 ATA He-O2 and explosively decompressed. Animals were sacrificed 20 d
      after the last dive. There were no significant changes in femur wet weight,
      density, ash weight, length, or mineral content. Plasma calcium, phosphorus, and
      alkaline phosphatase remained normal. Eighteen of 30 animals survived the six
      explosive decompressions; however, there were no significant changes in bone.
      These results indicate that the number and rate of decompressions used in this
      study have no lasting effect on bone growth and mineral composition in the rat.

PMID- 971154
TI  - Influence of cold or hyperbaric helium-oxygen environments on mouse response to a
      respiratory viral infection.
AB  - In investigating the stress effects of chilling (2-3 degrees C) and hypothermia
      (2-3 degrees C drop in body core temperature mediated by exposure to hyperbaric
      helium-oxygen atmosphere) on mouse resistance to "influenza," it was noted that
      these stresses adversely affected the course of pulmonary infection produced by
      aerosols of the NWS strain of influenza virus. Comparatively, respiratory LD50
      values for control animals were about 25 virus plaque-forming units (PFU) with
      median mortality occurring on day 13. The LD50 values for mice chilled at 2-3
      degrees C were about 15 PFU with median mortality on day 7, and for mice exposed
      to hyperbaric helium, about 12 PFU with median mortality on day 6. Cold or
      hyperbaric stress impaired interferon production. Impairment was observed at 24 h
      but not at 12 h post-challenge and persisted for several days until mice became
      moribund.

PMID- 971155
TI  - Cytochemical investigations of proteins and RNA in spinal motoneurons and neurons
      of spinal ganglia of the rat after space flight.
AB  - The content of RNA and cytoplasmic protein was assayed by methods of quantitative
      cytochemistry in motoneurons of anterior horns of the spinal cord and neurons of
      spinal ganglia of rats flown for 22 d. It was shown that the 22-d space flight
      did not change the RNA content in motoneurons of anterior horns of the spinal
      cord and reduced the RNA content in large neurons of spinal ganglia. The protein
      content in the cytoplasm of motoneurons and neurons of spinal ganglia was
      significantly lowered as compared with the control. The RNA content 27 d
      postflight in motoneurons of anterior horns of the spinal cord was significantly
      reduced and in neurons of spinal ganglia it did not differ from the control. On
      the 27th postflight day the protein content in the cytoplasm of motoneurons
      returned to the preflight level and in the cytoplasm of large neurons of spinal
      ganglia remained lowered.

PMID- 971156
TI  - Cardiac pathology associated with high sustained +Gz: I. Subendocardial
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Adult miniature swine were exposed to various levels and durations of +Gz. After
      exposure, all swine were euthanized and necropsied. Gross, histologic, and
      electronmicroscopic observations were made on the heart tissue. Subendocaridal
      hemorrhage (SEH) was commonly found in the left ventricle, rarely in the right
      ventricle, and its severity was directly related to : a) level and duration of G
      exposure, b) heart rate, and c) catecholamine activity. SEH was made more severe
      with i.v. atropine 4 mg, and prevented with i.v. propranolol 20 mg. Heart
      hemorrhage was usually limited to the immediate subendocardial region and
      frequently surrounded Purkinje's fibers. In severe cases, however, hemorrhages
      penetrated several millimeters into the heart muscle and sometimes penetrated
      Purkinje's fibers. Restraint of unanesthetized swine in the centrifuge couch, low
      G-levels, and/or i.v. injections of atropine or epinephrine produced minimal SEH
      lesions.

PMID- 971157
TI  - Cardiac pathology associated with high sustained +Gz: II. Stress cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The myocardial pathology of 14 pigs exposed to HSGz stress of 9 and 15, or 3, 7,
      and 9 Gz was studied; six control pigs were used as comparisons. Four pigs
      received propranolol prior to centrifugation and four pigs received atropine.
      Hearts were studied by light and electron microscopy. Myocardium from stressed
      pigs showed myofibrillar degeneration, pooling of mitochondria, and cell death.
      Lesions occurred in random cells of the subendocardium and papillary muscles.
      Purkinje fibers were also involved. Pretreatment with atropine increased the
      number of dead cells found and propranolol increased the number of cells showing
      myofibrillar degeneration. It is postulated that this is a pluricausal
      cardiomyopathy similar to several experimental conditions. Significance to
      aerospace medicine is briefly discussed.

PMID- 971158
TI  - Changes in clinical cardiologic measurements associated with high +Gz stress.
AB  - Because of reports of subendocardial hemorrhage and myofibrillar degeneration in
      animals exposed to sustained high G loads (greater than +6 Gz for 15 s or more),
      questions have been raised regarding the safety of exposing pilots and human
      subjects to the similar G-stress levels likely to be encountered in the new high
      performance fighter aircraft. Noninvasive clinical cardiologic data, including
      ECGs, vectorcardiograms, systolic time intervals, and maximal treadmill stress
      tests, were obtained from two groups of subjects before and at several times
      after exposure to high-G stress. The group exposed to the greater G stress (three
      40-s runs at 8 G and two 40-s runs at 10 G, all in one day) developed moderate
      cutaneous petechiasis and had other minor physical findings after the G stress,
      but showed few significant changes in cardiologic data: serum total CPK and LDH
      levels rose, and preejection period shortened at 48 h poststress. The group
      exposed to the lesser G stress (one 100-s variable-G maneuver peaking twice at 8
      G for 3 s, once a week for 3 weeks) had no symptoms following the G stress, but
      the vectorcardiograms revealed transient T-loop angle changes, and preejection
      period measured at 1 week poststress was significantly decreased. Because the
      serum enzyme changes were noncardiac in origin, and because the few other changes
      were not in a direction indicative of cardiac damage, we conclude that the G
      stresses imposed in these studies were not significantly injurious.

PMID- 971159
TI  - Space flight effects on skeletal bones of rats (light and electron microscopic
      examination).
AB  - In the light and electron microscopes, long tubular bones of Wistar rats that
      were flown for 22 d onboard the Cosmos-605 biosatellite and were exposed to a
      ground-based simulation experiment were examined. About half of the flight rats
      showed osteoporosis of metaphyses which was usually combined with a decrease of
      the mass of the primary spongiosa in the vicinity of the epiphyseal cartilaginous
      plate. This gives evidence that the growth of the bones could have been inhibited
      in flight. The light and electron microscopy of bones of flight rats revealed
      wide osteocyte lacunae which could have been produced by perilacunar osteolysis.
      In the simulation experiment, reduction in the metaphyseal spongiosa occurred
      only in one-third of the rats and was less pronounced than in flight rats; no
      decrease of the mass of the primary spongiosa near the cartilaginous plate was
      noted. Histological investigation of bones 27 d postflight demonstrated that that
      time period was not enough to eliminate all the changes in the bones tested.

PMID- 971160
TI  - Effect of pre-adapting spectral stimuli on visual responses.
AB  - Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded following pre-adapting exposures to
      radiometrically and photometrically matched spectral stimuli. The magnitudes of
      three aspects of the ERG varied as a function of the pre-adapting wavelength.
      Longer wavelenght pre-adapting stimuli produced less suppression of the response
      magnitudes than stimuli from the short wavelenght end of the spectrum. The
      implications of the findings for display design and cockpit-light-source design
      and management are discussed.

PMID- 971161
TI  - Cardiovascular function during sustained +Gz stress.
AB  - The development of aerospace systems capable of very high levels of positive
      (+Gz) stress, has created a need for a better understanding of the cardiovascular
      responses to acceleration. Using a canine model, the heart and cardiovascular
      system were instrumented to continuously measure coronary blood flow, cardiac
      output, left ventricular and aortic root pressure, and oxygen saturation in the
      aorta, coronary sinus, and right ventricle. The animals were exposed to
      acceleration profiles up to +6 Gz, 120 s at peak G; a seatback angle of 45
      degrees was simulated in some experiments. Radiopaque contrast medium was
      injected to visualize the left ventricular chamber, coronary vasculature, aorta,
      and branches of the aorta. The results suggest mechanisms responsible for
      arrhythmias which may occur, and subendocardial hemorrhage which has been
      reported in other animals.

PMID- 971162
TI  - Application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a case of prolonged cerebral hypoxia
      following rapid decompression.
AB  - The first known and previously unpublished report of the use of hyperbaric oxygen
      (HBO) in the treatment of prolonged cerebral hypoxia is reported in an incident
      involving a USAF T-39 aircraft that underwent rapid decompression from 753 mb
      (2,438 m or 8,000 ft) to 148 mb (13,716 m or 45,000 ft). Within 5 to 8 s, the
      pilot lost consciousness because he did not don his oxygen mask and, therefore,
      was unable to obtain supplemental oxygen immediately. After a delay of 6 to 8
      min, he was given supplemental oxygen at and below 697 mb (3,048 m or 10,000 ft).
      On the ground, the pilot was blind and disoriented. This condition persisted for
      6.5 h, at which time HBO was administered. Orientation and vision were regained;
      neurologic findings were negative. It is concluded that HBO therapy was effective
      in treating this case of prolonged cerebral hypoxia. The report shows 1) the
      potential application of HBO in the treatment of prolonged cerebral hypoxia, and
      2) the need for developing safe procedures for descent of passenger aircraft
      following such decompressions.

PMID- 971163
TI  - Effects of time zone changes on performance and physiology of airline personnel.
AB  - This study is the second of a series of experiments describing the effects of
      time zone changes on the performance and menstrual cycle changes in a group of 16
      female airline personnel. Four groups of four subjects each spent 4 d in the
      isolation unit of the University of Manchester. One group acted as control; the
      other three groups were subjected to two 8-h retardations in time, representing
      Westerly flight. All groups were required to complete an identical battery of
      workload tasks. In addition, the effects of a therapeutic preparation
      (mepiprazole hydochloride) were studied in a double-blind experiment. The results
      of the study confirmed previous experiments in that there was impaired
      performance in individuals subjected to time zone changes when work was carried
      out in local time, but the results were difficult to compare with those obtained
      in Easterly shifts. The therapeutic agent appeared to have little influence on
      the effect of time zone changes upon subjects, although they reported favourably
      on its use.

PMID- 971164
TI  - Psychotherapy and return to flying duties.
AB  - The medical records of a group of 112 successive cases refered for psychiatric
      consultation to the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine were reviewed. Fifty-eight
      (52%) of these were psychiatrically disqualified but felt to be amenable to
      psychotherapy, which was recommended. Followup contact was possible in 49 of
      these cases to show that 38 did, in fact, receive treatment. Of this later group,
      18 were successfully returned to flying duties along with six more, who had no
      formal treatment beyond several consultative visits, for a total salvage rate of
      49%. Psychotherapy had previously been proven to be effective under conditions of
      major wartime mobilization. Its use in peacetime and during limited warfare has
      been studied only sparsely, except in the German Air Force, and only for specific
      conditions in the Royal Air Force. Results of this study support the contention
      that psychotherapy is feasibly effective in allowing other wise disqualified
      fliers to return to flying duties.

PMID- 971165
TI  - Professional territoriality: a study of the expanded role of the nurse.
AB  - This study examines the expanded role of the nurse as a specific example of the
      extension of professional boundaries. Three characteristics of professional
      territoriality--autonomy, accountability, and identity--were selected as
      variables in the study. The specific objectives were to examine attitudes of
      members of the nursing and medical profession toward the expanded role of the
      nurse, and to test the usefulness of the concept of professional territoriality
      in understanding the expanded role of the nurse. Attitudes toward nurses
      functioning in an expanded role were examined for two aspects: beliefs as to what
      nurse practitioners are now doing and what they should be able to do. Data was
      obtained through questionnaries mailed to a random sample of nurses and
      physicians in Minnesota. As predicted, the researcher found that nurses held more
      positive attitudes toward nurse practitioners working in an expanded role than do
      physicians.

PMID- 971166
TI  - Resonance ultrasonic measurements of microscopic gas bubbles.
AB  - The positive identification and location of stationary or moving bubbles in human
      tissue is a persisting problem in the study and management of dysbarism. Since
      bubbles are resonant scatterers of ultrasound, while structures such as red-cell
      clumps and tissue interfaces are not, it is possible in principle to identify
      bubbles uniquely and to determine their position and size. A pulsed, ultrasonic
      echo-ranging system was expressly designed to exploit the principle of bubble
      resonance, and was evaluated for bubble identification and location in two
      experiments. Echos from bubbles in a water bath were computer-processed to reveal
      a distinct "line-narrowing" in the Fourier domain, which is diagnostic of gas
      bubbles. An increase in echo signal from a dog's jugular vein upon distal bubble
      injecton was obtained as evidence for in vivo bubble detection. We conclude that
      the exploitation of the bubble resonance principle can offer a safe, noninvasive
      technology for micro-bubble identification, location, and size determination in
      many tissues. This technology appears capable of measuring stationary bubbles in
      tissue spaces or impacted in blood vessels as well as those moving in the
      vascular system.

PMID- 971167
TI  - Visual elements in flight simulation.
AB  - Flight simulators have been in use for many years and their value has been amply
      proven. Many of today's simulators are very expensive, but they can pay for
      themselves by decreasing cost and increasing safety in training pilots to fly
      complex and expensive modern aircraft. Some aspects of aircraft control depend on
      an exterior view from the aircraft to the outside visual world. Training in these
      aspects of flight in a simulator requires simulation of the visual world to the
      extent that cues derived from it need to be employed by the pilot. A number of
      maneuvers cannot be performed without direct visual contact under normal
      circumstances in commercial as well as in military aviation. The importance of
      including a simulation of the external world is not acknowledged. Unfortunately,
      there is currently no solid scientific basis for cataloging visual cues with
      respect to their importance in aircraft control. This report recommends research
      topics, techniques, and strategies that should receive more attention.

PMID- 971168
TI  - Stress in air traffic controllers: effects of ARTS-III.
AB  - Physiological, biochemical, and psychological assessments of stress in air
      traffic controllers were made at Los Angeles (LAX) and Oakland (OAK) Terminal
      Radar Approach Control (TRACON) facilities before and after installation of
      Automated Radar Terminal Systems-III (ARTS-III). Heart rates of controllers on
      duty or at rest scarcely changed from before to after ARTS-III installation.
      Total stress increased at both TRACONs, and the increase was entirely due to
      elevated catecholamine excretion. Steroid excretion was significantly reduced at
      both facilities after ARTS-III had no appreciable effect on work-related anxiety
      levels of controllers. The post-ARTS-III A-State means for both facilities were
      not significantly elevated. A-Trait was unchanged at LAX but decreased
      significantly at OAK. Assessments of A-State showed significant work-related
      increments but tended to be low. There were no correlations between anxiety and
      physiological data.

PMID- 971169
TI  - Nystagmus, turning sensations, and illusory movement in motion sickness
      susceptibility.
AB  - The relationships of motion sickness susceptibility to nystagmic eye movements,
      sensations of turning, and duration of the spiral aftereffect were determined
      with 48 subjects separated into groups on the basis of sex and extremes of motion
      sickness susceptibility. When subjective alertness levels were controlled, there
      was no enhancement of elicited nystagmus nor turning sensations in susceptible
      individuals. However, spiral aftereffect durations were significantly longer in
      susceptible individuals than in nonsusceptible individuals. The results are
      interpreted as favoring Graybiel's model of the structural elements in motion
      sickness.

PMID- 971170
TI  - Effect of sequential anti-G suit inflation on pulmonary capillary blood flow in
      man.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of an anti-G suit, sequentially filled from below upward
      (M-aG), were compared to those of the standard USAF anti-G suit (S-aG) in 10 men
      supine and under +1 Gz stress produced by 90 degrees head up passive tilt. S-aG
      was found to fill from the abdominal bladder downward. The heart rate and the
      pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc), as estimated by a nitrous oxide
      plethysmographic method, were used as criteria of effectiveness. Heart rate did
      not vary between the suits during the supine and upright studies. In the supine
      position, the first M-aG inflation induced a significant increase of Qc, 2.5 1
      min above the Qc of the S-aG inflation. After 90 degrees head up tilt, M-aG
      inflation as associated with a significant increase of Qc, 1.7 1 min greater than
      the Qc produced by S-aG inflation. Since leg bladder inflation may play a
      critical role in high-G tolerance, the sequential filling from below upward of
      the anti-G suit may further increase the G protection compared to the standard
      garment. In addition, the modified anti-G suit may be a useful device for
      treatment of circulatory shock and postural hypotension when the venous return is
      decreased.

PMID- 971171
TI  - Protection of airline flight attendants from hypoxia following rapid
      decompression.
AB  - To determine the maximum time for working flight attendants to effectively
      initiate airline passenger mask donning after onset of a rapid, severe
      decompression, we exposed 10 subjects in two series of tests to a decompression
      from 6,500 to 34,000 ft (2,000 to 10,400 m) in 26 s, followed by descent at 5,000
      ft/min (1,500 m/min) while subjects performed a light-to-moderate workload.
      Supplemental oxygen was provided in one series from a compressed oxygen system,
      and in the other series from a chemical oxygen generator system. With delays to
      mask doning of 10 and 15 s, no hypoxic effects occurred. With delays of 20 and 25
      s, increasing hypoxic effects, similar in frequency for the two systems,
      occurred. Some technical problems in mask donning contributed to losses of
      consciousness with the latter two delays.

PMID- 971172
TI  - Changes in blood enzyme activity and hematology of rats with decompression
      sickness.
AB  - Plasma activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK),
      glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were studied,
      along with hematological changes, in rats suffering from various degrees of
      experimental decompression sickness (DS). By 1 h after decompression, LDH and CPK
      activities were elevated in moderate and severe DS whereas GOT and GPT were
      elevated only in severe DS. ALP was reduced in all decompressed rats.
      Hematological changes indicated hemoconcentration, the degree of which paralleled
      the severity of DS. By 24 h after decompression, all enzyme activities were
      approaching control levels with the exception of GOT, which was further elevated
      from the 1-h value. The observed lung damage in rats with severe DS in
      conjunction with the hematologic and enzyme data suggested that hypoxemic
      hypoxia, incident to bubble embolization of pulmonary vasculature, was a major
      factor in altering the blood enzyme pattern in DS. Serum enzyme data from two
      inadequately decompressed divers are also reported.

PMID- 971173
TI  - Identification of an apprehension effect on physiological indices of thermal
      strain.
AB  - A laboratory assessment of the thermal strain produced by wearing a protective
      clothing assembly, in addition to a normal flying clothing assembly, in a hot
      environment is described. In addition to the demonstration of an increase in
      thermal strain when wearing the protective clothing, two points of importance
      emerged. First, condition replication revealed a significant apprehension effect
      which confounded the physiological variables used to evaluate the thermal strain,
      leading to an over-estimation of the severity of that strain. Second, there was a
      large between-subject variation amongst the eight subjects used, which made the
      arithmetic mean a potentially misleading statistic for evaluating the increased
      physiological strain caused by the additional clothing assembly during the heat
      exposure. The practical implications of these observations are discussed....

PMID- 971174
TI  - Selective toxicity of 1 atmosphere of oxygen during morphogenesis of two
      Lepidopterans.
AB  - Continuous and interval exposures to 1 atmosphere of oxygen (hyperoxia) were
      examined using insects. Hyperoxia did not affect hatchability of Heliothis zea or
      Trichoplusia ni. Continuous hyperoxia was 100% lethal for H. zeal and T. ni. Most
      insects died as larvae and pupae of H. zea which resulted were deformed, reduced
      in weight, and failed to emerge. Hyperoxic exposures of T. ni for 48 h at
      sequential 48-h intervals during development, revealed that first instar and
      prepupae were most sensitive to hyperoxia and 80% were killed when exposed to
      only 24 h of hyperoxia as prepupae. T. ni which survived hyperoxia exposures at
      all development stages tested, were capable of producing progeny. The
      differential hyperoxic sensitivity and its correlation with specific
      morphogenetic stages suggest the usefulness of these insect species for studying
      biochemical sites of oxygen toxicity.

PMID- 971175
TI  - Mathematical model of man's tolerance to cold using morphological factors.
AB  - A mathematical model has been developed to anticipate the physiological responses
      and the thermal state of a naked human under exposure to cold, taking into
      account his morphological characteristics (skinfold, size, weight) and the
      environmental conditions (air or water temperature and velocity, barometric
      pressure and hygrometry). The skinfold conditions the body's thermal conductance
      and the metabolism depends both on rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures.
      After being tested, this model was used to study the evolution of Tre. It shows
      the influence of the skinfold which accounts for most of the inter-individual
      differences. It also permits discussion of survival possibilities during
      immersion and completes data provided by previously established curves.

PMID- 971176
TI  - Interaction of hyperbaric nitrogen and oxygen effects on behavior.
AB  - Breathing elevated environmental pressures of nitrogen and oxygen produced
      changes in behavior of rats that evidenced an interaction between the two gases.
      Rates of responding generated by a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement
      systematically changed as partial pressures of nitrogen were elevated from 0.8 to
      10.4 ATA. Response rates increased above baseline followed by a decline in rates
      as a function of increasing nitrogen pressure. Concurrent increases in partial
      pressures of oxygen from 0.2 to 2.2 ATA potentiated the rate-increasing effects
      of nitrogen at low to moderate nitrogen pressures and enhanced rate-decreasing
      effects at higher nitrogen pressures. Raised oxygen pressures modulated and
      interacted with the narcotic effects of nitrogen on behavior.

PMID- 971177
TI  - Physiological effects of solar heat load in a fighter cockpit.
AB  - The use of bubble canopies to improve vision in fighter aircraft exposes the
      cockpit to a high radiant heat load. Incoming sunlight increases the heat stress
      on crewmembers, both by raising air temperature and by directly heating exposed
      skin and clothing. An F-15 aircraft at Edwards AFB was modified to permit cockpit
      ventilation by external ground carts. Eight volunteers from the Test Pilot School
      were studied during 1-h periods in the closed cockpit, in sun and in shade. Mean
      cockpit air temperatures were 35.2 degrees C in shade and 51.9 degrees C in sun
      with PH2O less than 10 torr. The corresponding WBGT's were 22.6 and 36.4 degrees
      C. Sunlight added significantly to overall heat stress, as indicated by a rising
      heart rate and evaporative weight loss of 284 g/m2 - h (shade value was 109 g/m2 
      hr). Mean skin temperatures were 34.3 degrees C in shade and 35.8 degrees C in
      sun. Particularly high skin temperatures were observed on the chest, the forehead
      and the top of the head under the helmet. The legs remained cool due to the flow
      of conditioned air, and this may explain why rectal temperature showed no
      meaningful change. Heat stress, which alone poses no physiological hazard, may
      cause crew performance decrements as well as diminishing acceleration tolerance.
      Possible means of eliminating or ameliorating these effects are discussed.

PMID- 971178
TI  - Intravascular bubbles associated with intravenous injections and altitude.
AB  - Ultrasonically detected microbubbles were more abundant in the pulmonary artery
      of dogs intravenously injected with 10 ml of saline than in the same noninjected
      controls during 10,000 ft (3,048 m), 20,000 ft (6,096 m), and 40,000 ft (12,192
      m) exposures. Continuous intravenous (i.v.) drip infusions also introduced many
      small bubbles. Since they may serve as "nuclei" for visible intravascular bubble
      formation, are sometimes associated with decompression sickness, and are
      additionally considered undesirable, it would appear prudent to minimize i.v.
      injections immediately before flights. However, a 10-min delay before ascent will
      reduce their number and a 60-min delay will insure their almost complete absence.
      Also, slow ascent, a 1-h denitrogenation time, or use of a degassed solution will
      help reduce their total number.

PMID- 971179
TI  - Psychomotor test performance and sleep patterns of aircrew flying transmeridional
      routes.
AB  - Pilots and flight attendants flying scheduled services between Vancouver and
      Tokyo and between Toronto and Rome were tested on a tracking task before and
      after flights in each direction. Flights were included in schedules involving
      both 24-h and 7-d layovers at the overseas station. During these periods, they
      recorded their sleep patterns. The data showed that, following flight, subjects
      made an immediate attempt to adapt their behaviour to local time and the changes
      in their performance scores could be interpreted on that basis. It was concluded
      that behavioural circadian rhythms adapt rapidly to a new time zone.

PMID- 971180
TI  - Long-duration exposure to intermittent noises.
AB  - The effects were examined of various patterns of interruption--of continuous
      noise by periods of quiet--on the growth and recovery of temporary threshold
      shift of hearing over an exposure period of 24 h. Monaural thresholds of hearing
      were measured prior to, during, and following exposure to a pink noise at a level
      of 85 dBA and to four conditions in which the pink noise was interrupted with
      various on-off ratios. The interrupted exposure patterns and levels were adjusted
      to make their average levels equivalent to 85 dBA. Among the results: 1) the
      growth of TTS clear.ly reached an asymptote for all interrupted exposure
      conditions, even when the TTS was as small as 5 dB, 2) the interrupted exposures
      produced lower asymptotic levels than the continuous exposure with the same
      amount of energy, and 3) the TTS recovery patterns were essentially the same at 1
      h and beyond, for all conditions. These data support the concept that, following
      a long exposure, one should be provided at least as much time for recovery as the
      duration of the exposure.

PMID- 971181
TI  - Perception of everyday visual environments during saccadic eye movements.
AB  - Subjects were required to execute saccadic eye movements in the horizontal plane
      which passed through primary gaze. During the saccades, visual images were
      projected onto a screen which subtended 40 degrees horizontaloy and 26 degrees
      vertically and was centered on primary gaze. Content, contrast, and intensity of
      the stimulus patterns and level of illumination of the laboratory background were
      manipulated to maximise pattern recognition. Little or no detail of the projected
      images could be discerned under any conditions. Only horizontal laminations were
      perceived as blurs of appropriate colour. It is concluded that there is no useful
      perception of the everyday environment during saccades.

PMID- 971182
TI  - Screening test for decompression sickness.
AB  - The fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) tests were studied in 18
      patients having a history of illness associated with diving. FDP tests were
      performed prior to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (OHP). Eight patients were serious
      neurologic signs had positive FDP tests and required repetitive therapy. Six
      patients had negative FDP tests with local musculoskeletal complaints and all
      were asymptomatic following the first OHP treatment. Three patients were found to
      be suffering from other diseases. These three patients had normal levels of FDP.
      One patient treated at another facility 3 months earlier and having paraplegia
      had a positive FDP test. Serious decompression sickness with neurologic
      complaints appear to have some degree of disseminated intravascular coagulation
      (DIC) as reflected by the FDP tests. The FDP test appears to be a useful
      screening test that may be able to delineate therapy.

PMID- 971183
TI  - Incidence of decompression sickness in Navy low-pressure chambers.
AB  - This study reports the incidence of decompression sickness occurring in U. S.
      Navy altitude chambers in association with physiological training of aircrews for
      the period 1 Jan. 1972 to 31 Dec. 1975. There were 79 cases of decompression
      sickness in 88,520 altitude chamber exposures, an incidence of 0.089%. Among
      trainees, there were 22 cases in 73,561 exposures, an incidence of 0.029%. Among
      chamber inside observers, there were 57 cases in 14,959 exposures, an incidence
      of 0.38%. This 12-fold greater incidence among inside observers over trainees was
      statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Reasons for the increased incidence
      of decompression sickness among inside observers are discussed.

PMID- 971184
TI  - Characteristics of ultrasonic scattered signals from emboli in blood.
AB  - Received ultrasonic scattered signal expressions are presented for the case of an
      individual scatterer moving through a Gaussian beam pattern. The return signal is
      of a burst-like nature and oscillates as a function of time under a Gaussian
      amplitude envelope. Results are presented to show specific parameter dependence
      on the scatterer motion and beam configuration to aid in the use of the technique
      of ultrasonic scattering for detecting and monitoring the motion of emboli formed
      in blood during decompression or open-heart surgery.

PMID- 971185
TI  - Aplysia behavioral biology: I. A multivariate analysis of burrowing in A.
      brasiliana.

PMID- 971186
TI  - Aplysia behavioral biology: II. Induced burrowing in swimming A. brasiliana by
      burrowed conspecifics.

PMID- 971187
TI  - Similarities between delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) and reserpine-like
      drugs.

PMID- 971188
TI  - Recovery from electroencephalographic slowing and reduced evoked potentials after
      somatosensory cortical damage in cats.

PMID- 971189
TI  - Interflash interval and the chicks' differential attraction toward intermittent
      light.

PMID- 971190
TI  - The relation between locomotor activity and level of audiogenic seizures in
      C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice at ages of peak convulsion risk.

PMID- 971191
TI  - Ethanol tolerance in the rat measured by the untasted intake of alcohol.

PMID- 971192
TI  - The effects of chronic mescaline administration on operant behavior in the
      pigeon.

PMID- 971193
TI  - Angiotensin-norepinephrine interaction on sodium intake.

PMID- 971194
TI  - Paired rotation and auditory stimulation of common Murre Uria aalge aalge embryos
      and its posthatch effect.

PMID- 971195
TI  - Short-term memory: EEG alpha correlates and the effect of increased alpha.

PMID- 971196
TI  - Comparison of the effects of d-amphetamine and lysergic acid diethylamide in two
      strains of rats having different behavioral baselines.

PMID- 971197
TI  - Response perseveration of rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions.

PMID- 971198
TI  - The role of excape-motivated behavior in aversive conditioning in rats and
      gerbils.

PMID- 971199
TI  - The dynamics of parental care of Copeina arnoldi (pisces, characidae).

PMID- 971200
TI  - Ingestion of potassium chloride and sodium chloride solutions by albino and
      hooded rats.

PMID- 971201
TI  - Influence of prandial drinking vs. dry mouth in the attenuation of SIP in the
      desalivate rat.

PMID- 971202
TI  - Genes influencing maturation of nervous system function.

PMID- 971203
TI  - Kinetic movements in magnetic fields of chitons with ferro-magnetic structures.

PMID- 971204
TI  - Application of a digitizer for measuring sound spectrograms.

PMID- 971205
TI  - Assertive training versus rehearsal, and the importance of making an assertive
      response.

PMID- 971206
TI  - Rapid educational rehabilitation for prison inmates.

PMID- 971207
TI  - Improvements in the community-reinforcement approach to alcoholism.

PMID- 971208
TI  - Duration of flooding sessions in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive patients.

PMID- 971209
TI  - Individual differences in self-reinforcement style and performance in self- and
      therapist-controlled weight reduction programs.

PMID- 971210
TI  - Subjective responses to alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages by alcoholic
      respondents.

PMID- 971211
TI  - Token economy: who responds how?

PMID- 971212
TI  - A note on the effects of anonymity, response consequence information, and sex on
      the self-assessment of fear.

PMID- 971213
TI  - Maintaining disulfiram ingestion among outpatient alcoholics: a security-deposit
      contingency contracting procedure.

PMID- 971214
TI  - Behavior therapy with a narcotics user: a case report. Ten-year follow-up.

PMID- 971215
TI  - Peer-determined and self-determined reinforcement in group therapy with
      alcoholics.

PMID- 971216
TI  - Antiarrhythmic effect of solvents: propylene glycol, benzyl alcohol.
AB  - Propylene glycol and benzyl alcohol, the main constituents of most solvent
      vehicles, display a pronounced antiarrhythmic-antifibrillatory effects, when
      injected intravenously into animals (dogs, rats) with spontaneous or drug-induced
      arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmic dose for propylene glycol amounts to 0.2-0.3
      ml/kg of a 70 per cent solution and, for benzyl alcohol to 0.2-0.4 ml/kg of a 4
      per cent solution in physiologic saline, respectively. Similar effects were also
      obtained by the combined injection of propylene glycol + benzyl alcohol, in
      proportions which correspond to the formulae of numerous commercial "solvents"
      (vehicles): 2 to 20 per cent solutions of benzyl alcohol in 70 per cent propylene
      glycol (0.05-0.2 ml/kg). The mechanisms which might be responsible for the
      antiarrhythmic activity of solvents are discussed: lengthening of the effective
      refractory period, local and general anaesthetic effects, changes of osmolarity.
      The intravenous injection of propylene glycol and/or benzyl alcohol, in high
      doses, produces intravascular haemolysis. Clinical investigations are recommended
      as to the potential, beneficial or toxic effects of drug solvents, especially
      upon the cardiocirculatory system.

PMID- 971217
TI  - [Recording of ventricular pressure by conventional catheter manometer systems.
      Efficiency of several combinations of conventional catheters, modern transducers
      and catheter-flush systems (author's transl)].
AB  - The experimentally in vitro determined dynamic response characteristics of 38
      catheter manometer systems were uniform in the worst case to 5 c.p.s. and
      optimally to 26 c.p.s. Accordingly, some systems are only satisfactory for
      ordinary pressure recording in cardiac rest, while better systems record dp/dt
      correct up to moderate inotropic stimulation of the heart. In the frequency range
      of uniform response (amplitude error less +/- 5%) the phase distortion is also
      negligible. In clinical application the investigator is often restricted to
      special type of cardiac catheter. In this case a low compliant transducer yields
      superior results. In all examined systems the combination with MSD 10 transducers
      is best, whereas the combination with P 23 Db transducers leads to minimal
      results. An inadequate system for recording ventricular pressure pulses leads in
      most cases to overestimations of dp/dtmax. The use of low frequency pass filters
      to attenuate higher frequency artefacts is, under clinical conditions, not
      suitable for extending the range of uniform frequency response. The dynamic
      response of 14 catheter manometer systems with two types of continuous self flush
      units was determined. The use of the P 37 flush unit in combination with small
      internal diameter catheters leads to serious error in ordinary pressure
      recording, due to amplitude distortion of the lower harmonics. The frequency
      response characteristics of the combination of an Intraflow flush system and MSD
      10 transducer was similar to the non-flushing P 23 Db transducer feature.

PMID- 971218
TI  - Noncompetitive catecholamine-antagonism of acetylcholine in the sympathectomized
      mammalian ventricular myocardium.
AB  - The effect of the vagus transmitter on the ventricular myocardium varies
      qualitatively as well as quantitatively in different warm-blood species. In the
      ventricular myocardium of birds (duck, hen), a part of the acetylcholine
      sensitivity remains even after catecholamine depletion. In contrast, the
      inhibitory effects of acetylcholine on the ventricular myocardium of mammals
      (rat, guinea pig, cat, dog, man) depend on the activity of the sympathicus. In
      the chemically sympathectomized (6-OH-DA) cat ventricular myocardium, a
      cholinergic innervation is, histochemically, clearly demonstrable.
      Correspondingly significant effects of endogenous (i.e. releasable by field
      stimulation) and exogenous acetylcholine can be seen if the contraction force is
      enhanced by exogenous catecholamines. This preparation is, therefore, a good
      model for the demonstration of a catecholamine antagonism of acetylcholine. Using
      this model, on the basis of dose-response relationships, it is possible to
      demonstrate that a noncompetitive catecholamine-antagonism of acetylcholine
      indeed exists in the mammalian ventricular myocardium independent of a
      cholinergically mediated reduction in the norepinephrine release.

PMID- 971220
TI  - [Complications in the catheterization of the heart and the large vessels].

PMID- 971219
TI  - [Aberrant subclavian arteries: predominance in females (author's transl)].
AB  - Thirty-five cases of aberrant subclavian artery were observed in 1408 consecutive
      necropsies on fetuses, newborns, infants and children; the autopsies were
      performed by the same pathologist. The right subclavian artery was found to be
      involved in 32 cases, the left subclavian artery in 3 cases. The artery always
      passed behind the esophagus. In 12 of the cases, the aberrant subclavian artery
      occurred as an isolated anomaly. In the remainder of the cases the aberrant
      subclavian artery was associated with malformations of the heart and the great
      vessels; coexistent extracardial defects were also noted. Of the 35 cases 13 were
      males and 22 females. In reviewing the literature a series of 431 cases is
      presented. Of these cases the aberrant subclavian artery occurred in 177 males
      and 254 females. The predominance in females is statistically established.

PMID- 971222
TI  - [Practical driving tests--experiences and resulting problems].

PMID- 971221
TI  - [The load on the thoracic bones of a passenger protected by a 3 point safety
      belt].

PMID- 971223
TI  - [Objectivation of the biostatistic efficiency of the heredity system in blood
      group expertises].

PMID- 971224
TI  - [Aspects of the blood group "CAD"].

PMID- 971225
TI  - [Lectin-precipitable components of human serum].

PMID- 971226
TI  - [Lethal infusion accidents].

PMID- 971227
TI  - [Time dependent determination of ABO blood groups in skin traces under
      fingernails for the correlation of defensive injuries].

PMID- 971228
TI  - [Suicide and natural patho-morphologic findings].

PMID- 971229
TI  - [A method for the unequivocal optical classification of human skin].

PMID- 971230
TI  - [Problems in the determination of gunshot distance by means of the scanning
      electron microscope at distances over 1 meter].

PMID- 971231
TI  - [The danger of license-free gas and alarm pistols].

PMID- 971232
TI  - [Stomach and duodenal stress lesions under intensive therapy].

PMID- 971233
TI  - [Fluorescence and ultraviolet light studies on human hair].

PMID- 971234
TI  - [Who smoked the cigarette? Determination of the male nuclear sex in mouth mucosa
      cells].

PMID- 971235
TI  - [Fatal elevator accidents].

PMID- 971236
TI  - [The positive barotrauma of the stomach in sports diving].

PMID- 971237
TI  - [Pneumopericardium after pleural puncture].

PMID- 971238
TI  - [The physician's commitment to professional discretion, to reporting and to
      explaining].

PMID- 971239
TI  - [Genital, transgenital and paragenital injuries in women, their origins and the
      perpetrators].

PMID- 971240
TI  - [The evaluation of ventral intervertebral disk hemorrhages].

PMID- 971241
TI  - [Objective criteria for the selection of optimal chromatographic systems. 1.
      Report: optimation of DC-solvents on the basis of the rf distribution of larger
      groups of materials].

PMID- 971242
TI  - [The internistic intensive care station: a borderline station and borderline
      situation for patient and physician].

PMID- 971243
TI  - [The determination of body height from the diagonal chest height].

PMID- 971244
TI  - [A penetrating stab wound in the skull].

PMID- 971245
TI  - [Pathology and mechanic of 2 hangings in open nooses].

PMID- 971246
TI  - [Brain changes after transiently successful reanimation].

PMID- 971247
TI  - [Forensic medical borderline questions in crimes during drunkenness].

PMID- 971248
TI  - [Problems of evidence in crimes under alcohol intoxication].

PMID- 971249
TI  - [The evidence of experimental studies for the forensic evaluation of
      consciousness disorders].

PMID- 971250
TI  - [Forensically conspicuous intoxications in dynamic personality analysis].

PMID- 971251
TI  - [The problem of the clinical diagnosis of intoxication (anamnesis and subjective
      evaluation from the patient's and the physician's viewpoint)].

PMID- 971252
TI  - [Drug administration in alcoholic delinquents].

PMID- 971253
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of oxazepam in combination
      with alcohol].

PMID- 971254
TI  - [Venous gas embolism during diagnostic and therapeutic interventions with special
      reference to pneumoperitoneum].

PMID- 971255
TI  - [Studies on the effects of alcohol and oxazepam on behavior in traffic].

PMID- 971256
TI  - [Common law, consciousness of law, accountability--aspects of a transcultural
      problem].

PMID- 971257
TI  - "Non-condensed" and "condensed" chromain in transitional cell carcinoma of the
      human urinary bladder.
AB  - The area and content of "non-condensed" and "condensed" chromatin in smeared
      Feulgen-stained malignant urothelial cells were determined by means of scanning
      cytophotometry. The results were compared with those from similar measurements of
      benign human transitional epithelial cells. There was no difference between the
      relative area and content of "non-condensed" and "condensed" chromatin in cancer
      nuclei and normal urothelial nuclei as far as nuclei of the same size and ploidy
      class were considered. Within the same ploidy class the relative area and content
      of "non-condensed" chromatin increased with increasing nuclear size. As increased
      nuclear size within the same ploidy class is typical for most cancer cells,
      cancer specimens therefore contained relatively more "non-condensed" chromatin
      than normal urothelium. Analogously the relative values of "condensed" chromatin
      decreased in cancer specimens. Only in high-polyploid cancer cells, which
      occurred more frequently in undifferentiated tumours, a slight decrease of the
      relative area and content of "non-condensed" chromatin was observed as compared
      with well differentiated diploid tumour cells. It was in polyploid tumours that
      the absolute area and content of "condensed" chromatin was increased as compared
      with diploid normal urothelium. This means that the changes in "non-condensed"
      and "condensed" chromatin were primarily dependent on nuclear size and total
      chromatin content and were not found to be a characteristic of cancer nuclei as
      compared with control nuclei of the same size and ploidy. These findings differ
      from the results of biochemical analyses of heterochromatin both in cells during
      carcinogenesis and also in cancer cells, but are in agreement with qualitative
      and quantitative morphological studies of smeared cancer nuclei.

PMID- 971258
TI  - [Sarcoma 180: growth and regression. Comparative investigations using flow
      through and scanning cytophotometers as well as histological, cytological and
      autoradiographic techniques (author's transl)].
AB  - MATERIAL AND METHODS: The growth and the regression of the experimental tumor S
      180 was investiaged by volume measurements and by cytophotometric studies on 50
      mice in each of a pilot and in the present main experiment. In addition,
      histological, cytological and cytokinetic examinations were performed. RESULTS
      AND DISCUSSION: Beginning on day 18, a spontaneous regression of the tumor was
      found in 20% and 38% of the animals, respectively. DNA-measurements were
      performed with a scanning-microspectrophotometer on tumor tissue imprints and
      tumor cell suspensions and were also carried out with a flow-through
      cytophotometer ICP on suspensions. DNA-histograms were plotted on days 4, 7, 12,
      18, 20, 22, 26 and 29 after the transplantation. These revealed a constant
      position of the maxima at 2C for normal cells and at 4C and 8C for the tumor
      cells. In particular, by measuring a large total number of 4,968,000 nuclei with
      the ICP, distinct changes were found in the proportion of the single nuclei
      classes during growth and spontaneous regression. This technique also enables a
      quantitative measurement to be made of the DNA of cell debris from necrosis. With
      growing tumos, the proportion of the tumor cells increased to a maximum of 65% on
      day 18 and decreased to 37% on day 29. The DNA of cell debris grew from 8% to
      47%. The proportion of normal cells was only 10% to 15% in the final phases. In
      tumors with a spontaneous regression the proportion of the tumor cell nuclei was
      20% on day 18 and 11% on day 29. The proportion of the DNA of cell debris was
      again about 45%. The proportion of normal nuclei was greatly increased to 45%.
      Histological and cytological evidence together with measurements of the areas of
      nuclei and incorporation of 3H-TdR confirmed that the normal cells, the number of
      which increased during spontaneous regression were cells of a fibrovascular
      granulation tissue. While the rate of the DNA-synthesis of growing tumors
      continously decreased with age there was also a rapid decrease of the labelling
      index of spontaneously regressing tumors between days 12 and 18. In the final
      phase only the nuclei of the granulation tissue were labelled.

PMID- 971259
TI  - The dynamics of collagen deposition in liver damaged by CCl4.
AB  - The rates of synthesis and catabolism of collagen are determined in the livers of
      normal rats and of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. Several experimental
      conditions are applied with the intention of investigating the dynamic processes
      separately, in order to determine the relevant values. The deposition of collagen
      in liver after damage by CCl4 is a consequence of the reduction of turnover with
      a simultaneous increase in collagen-production. Together with the increase in
      synthesis, which seems to be a consequence of a numerical increase in cells,
      there is a reduction in catabolism of collagen: the more severe the damage, the
      more marked is the decrease of specific catabolism. Collagen-deposition in the
      liver is thus the result of accumulation. The results indicate the possibility
      that collagen-catabolism is effected by enzymes produced by adjacent parenchymal
      cells, so that their destruction enhances the accumulation of collagen material.
      The findings mentioned above are discussed in the context of the general criteria
      of scar-formation and the repair of damaged tissues.

PMID- 971260
TI  - [Benign solid teratoma of the uterus (author's transl)].
AB  - On curettage, done in a 39 year old patient because of metorrhagia, a peanut
      sized nodule was scraped away from the endometrium. Histologically it consisted
      of a jumble of irregularly shaped portions of normal appearing embryonal
      cartilage, of tortuous thick-walled vessels, of twisted bundles of nerves of
      ducts of respiratory and intestinal epithelium, and of sheets of hornifying skin.
      The haphazard disarray of tissues supported the notion that the lesion was not a
      remnant of a malformed embryo. Step-sections through the lesion revealed no
      traces of placental villi or decidua in the surrounding endometrium. The
      following were considered as possible origins of the teratoma: 1. displaced
      germinal cells, 2. retention of pluripotent mullerian epithelium, 3. overaged or
      blighted ovum. The latter seems most compatible with the histological findings.

PMID- 971261
TI  - [Complications in the surgical correction of leg length].

PMID- 971262
TI  - [Problems in the early diagnosis of prosthesis infections on the basis of one's
      experiences].

PMID- 971263
TI  - [Complications in Siwasch's hip allo-arthroplasty].

PMID- 971264
TI  - [Para-articular calcification in resection angulation arthroplasty of the hip].

PMID- 971265
TI  - [Femur head--femur neck resection in coxarthrosis].

PMID- 971266
TI  - [The extension treatment in juvenile fractures and their complications].

PMID- 971267
TI  - [The use of ultrasonic bone soldering in the refilling of bone defects].

PMID- 971268
TI  - [Experiences with intravenous regional anesthesia in stationary and ambulatory
      arthritis surgery in the region of the upper extremity].

PMID- 971269
TI  - [First experiences with a device for intermittent extension].

PMID- 971270
TI  - [Thermometric measurements of the course of mandibular fracture healing].

PMID- 971271
TI  - [Ewing sarcoma of the calcaneus].

PMID- 971273
TI  - [An improved extraction device for three-lamellar bone nails].

PMID- 971272
TI  - [Radiodiagnostic characteristics and frequency of the discontinuity of the first
      rib in serial radiodiagnosis].

PMID- 971274
TI  - [The etiology of idiopathic femur head necrosis with reference to the findings in
      the transosseous pertrochanteric venography].

PMID- 971275
TI  - [The differential diagnostic significance of hyperuricemia in aseptic femur head
      necroses].

PMID- 971276
TI  - [Skeletal changes in divers' disease].

PMID- 971277
TI  - [Utilization of the macrophage electrophoresis motility tests (MEM test) in bone
      neoplasms].

PMID- 971278
TI  - [Bone marrow injuries due to hyperextension].

PMID- 971279
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of late paralysis].

PMID- 971280
TI  - [Juvenile skull fractures].

PMID- 971281
TI  - [Combined surgical procedures for the treatment of the old shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 971283
TI  - [An aiming device for the nailing of the femur neck].

PMID- 971282
TI  - [Isolated luxation of the 2. metatarsal].

PMID- 971284
TI  - [Arthrosis deformans].

PMID- 971285
TI  - [Contribution to the surgical adjustment of the hip joint in hip luxations].

PMID- 971286
TI  - [Late results in the treatment of congenital hip luxations in infants].

PMID- 971287
TI  - [Thromboembolism prophylaxis with micristin in hip joint alloarthroplasty].

PMID- 971288
TI  - [Contribution to the dimer-X-myelography in lumbar intervertebral disk syndrome].

PMID- 971289
TI  - [Report on the last 10 year's orthopedic care in the Wittenberg district].

PMID- 971290
TI  - Polymorphism and predictability at the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase locus
      in Colias butterflies: gradients in allele frequency within single populations.
AB  - Heterozygosity at the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase locus of five species
      of Colias butterflies is widespread in montane populations; alpine and lowland
      populations are not heterozygous. Within a single demographically characterized
      population of C. meadii where the population extends from alpine down into
      montane habitats, a marked cline in allele frequency is seen. Such within
      population clines suggest the involvement of strong selection across the marked
      ecological interface. Thermal factors are the most likely causative agents, but
      associative overdominance is not excluded.

PMID- 971291
TI  - Genetic control of LDH isozymes in the house fly, Musca domestica.
AB  - Electrophoretic variations in lactate dehydrogenase from adult whole body
      homogenates are described for three laboratory strains of house flies, Musca
      domestica. Several crosses between different electrophoretic forms provided
      evidence that the observed variations are due to segregation of alleles at two
      distinct loci (designated as A and B loci) and that the LDH isozymes of house
      flies are dimers formed by a random association of subunits controlled by the two
      loci.

PMID- 971292
TI  - Patterns of molecular variation. I. Interspecific comparisons of electromorphs in
      the Drosophila mulleri complex.
AB  - The average mobility of electromorphs at an enzyme locus in a single population
      was defined as the weighted average mobility of the electromorphs in that
      population, where the electromorph frequencies are the weights. A derivative
      distance measure was defined whose taxonomic utility was determined in the
      Drosophila mulleri species complex. Most of the variation in this metric was at
      the interspecific level, primarily among clusters of sibling species. The
      electromorphs of some loci were equally and regularly spaced, while those of
      other loci were less regular in their spacing. Overall, these minor perturbations
      from regular spacing did not noticeably detract from the taxonomic utility of
      average mobility, and cluster analysis yielded the same taxonomic relationships
      as more conventional nonmolecular treatments. On the other hand, electromorph
      spacing may be related to functional constraints on the enzyme molecules. Some
      possible implications of the results for the modes of selection during evolution
      of the different enzymes are discussed.

PMID- 971293
TI  - Esterases in the mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens L: formal genetics and
      polymorphism of adult esterases.
AB  - The genetics of two esterase loci active in autogenous adults of the mosquito
      Culex pipiens pipiens L. has been studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis.
      Three alleles at the Est-1 locus and eight at the Est-2 locus are described. Both
      loci have a null allele. Active alleles are codominant and there is no hybrid
      enzyme in heterozygotes. The Est-1 locus codes esterases preferentially
      hydrolyzing alpha-naphthylacetate and the Est-2 locus esterases preferentially
      hydrolyzing beta-naphthylacetate. Strains homozygous for both loci were selected.
      Linkage studies of the two loci have shown that they are not sex linked but are
      linked to each other, the crossover frequency being 8.6%. The polymorphism of two
      laboratory and two natural populations is described for both loci. Phenotypic
      distributions are in good agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations.

PMID- 971294
TI  - Autosomal genetic control of the activity of a new variant ornithine
      transcarbamylase in chicken kidney.
AB  - The mode of inheritance of the gene for chick kidney ornithine transcarbamylase
      (OTC), found previously as a genetic variant, was investigated. White Leghorn B
      line males homozygous for the allele for the variant OTC gene were selected using
      the California Gray breed, having a near-absolute deficiency of the enzyme. Then
      further crosses of the two breeds were made. The mean value of the OTC level of
      F1 progeny was about 170 units. Chicks from the backcross generation were divided
      into two groups, of high activity and low activity, in a ratio of 1:1. F2 chicks
      were divided into three groups: one-fourth of the chicks were classified as a
      "super high" group, one-half were "high," and the remaining one-fourth were
      "low"; the mean values for OTC level were 356.7, 196.4, and 15.6 units,
      respectively. From these results, it was suggested that the variant OTC
      represents a simple autosomal incompletely dominant trait.

PMID- 971295
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase in one-cell rabbit embryos extracted with Triton X-100.

PMID- 971296
TI  - Reconstitution of specific Na-dependent D-glucose transport in liposomes by
      Triton X-100 extracted proteins from purified brush border membranes of hamster
      small intestine.

PMID- 971297
TI  - The elucidation of the mechanism of folate catabolism in the rat.

PMID- 971298
TI  - Ring cleavage of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylates by catalytic reduction. A
      potential method for unblocking peptides formed by specific chemical cleavage at
      half-cystine residues.

PMID- 971299
TI  - Solubilization of glucocerebrosidase from human placenta and demonstration of a
      phospholipid requirement for its catalytic activity.

PMID- 971300
TI  - A novel electrophoretic pattern of induction of rat liver microsomal membrane
      polypeptides by 2-acetylaminofluorene, nitrosamine and azo dye administration.

PMID- 971301
TI  - Polarized light spectroscopy on oriented spinach chloroplasts fluorescence
      emission at low temperature.

PMID- 971302
TI  - A novel reaction of S-adenosyl-L-methionine correlated with the activation of
      pyruvate formate-lyase.

PMID- 971303
TI  - The polypeptides of rat liver mitochondria: identification of a 36,000 dalton
      polypeptide as the subunit of ornithine transcarbamylase.

PMID- 971304
TI  - Effect of norepinephrine on soluble Mn++-stimulated poly(A) synthetase activity
      and ribonucleic acids of perfused rabbit heart.

PMID- 971305
TI  - Site of biosynthesis of cytochrome P450 in hepatocytes of phenobarbital treated
      rats.

PMID- 971306
TI  - Isolation of three collagenous components of probable basement membrane origin
      from several tissues.

PMID- 971307
TI  - Purification of a unique bisulfite-reducing enzyme from Desulfovibrio vulgaris.

PMID- 971308
TI  - Pre-resonance Raman spectra of adriamycin.

PMID- 971309
TI  - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. XV. Isolation of a ribosomal protein
      factor (CO-EIE-1) which stimulates Met-tRNAfMet binding to EIF-1.

PMID- 971310
TI  - Self-association of Co 2+-nucleotide and Co2+-dinucleotide complexes.

PMID- 971311
TI  - Evidence for degradation of intracellular protein in liver lysosomes of fasted
      rats.

PMID- 971312
TI  - Specific tumor immunity induced with soluble materials: purification of antigens
      inducing tumor resistance.

PMID- 971313
TI  - Isolation of two DNA polymerases from a mitochondrial membrane-DNA complex of
      mouse cell cultures.

PMID- 971314
TI  - On the presence of a novel covalently bound oxidation-reduction cofactor, iron
      and labile sulfur in trimethylamine dehydrogenase.

PMID- 971315
TI  - Rat liver 6-phosphogluconolactonase: a low Km enzyme.

PMID- 971316
TI  - On the regulation of histidinol dehydrogenase induction in Arthrobacter
      histidinolovorans.

PMID- 971317
TI  - Substrate-elicited dissociation of a complex of cytochrome P-450 with a
      methylenedioxyphenyl metabolite.

PMID- 971318
TI  - The preparation of stable, biologically active B fragment of diphtheria toxin.

PMID- 971319
TI  - Exchange of free GTP with EF-1alpha-GDP complex promoted by a factor EF-1beta
      from pig liver.

PMID- 971320
TI  - Two forms of methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase from Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID- 971321
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver.

PMID- 971322
TI  - The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in baby hamster kidney fibroblasts.

PMID- 971323
TI  - Agglutination of a transformed mouse cell line and a variant subline with
      concanavalin A: effect of temperature and time of lectin incubation.

PMID- 971324
TI  - Inhibition of hepatic sterol synthesis and reduction of serum cholesterol in rats
      by 5alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3beta-ol-15-one.

PMID- 971325
TI  - The kinetics of carbon monoxide binding to partially reduced methemoglobin.

PMID- 971326
TI  - Effect of ethanol intake on the incorporation of labelled amino acids into liver
      protein.

PMID- 971327
TI  - Determination of binding constants from continuous circular dichroism titration
      data by numerical analysis.

PMID- 971328
TI  - Developmental aspects of hepatic heme biosynthetic capability and hematotoxicity.

PMID- 971329
TI  - Warfarin-stereochemical aspects of its metabolism by rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 971330
TI  - Mechanism of the protective action of cysteine and penicillamine against
      acetaldehyde-induced mitochondrial injury.

PMID- 971331
TI  - Some characteristics of hamster liver and lung microsomal aryl hydrocarbon
      (biphenyl and benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylation reactions.

PMID- 971332
TI  - The effect of inhibitors of alcohol metabolism upon the changes in the hepatic
      microsomal metabolism of foreign compounds produced by the acute administration
      of some alcohols to the rat.

PMID- 971333
TI  - Trimethoquinol-different pharmacological properties of optical isomers.

PMID- 971334
TI  - Enhanced development of tolerance to pentobarbital by desipramine inhibition of
      pentobarbital metabolism.

PMID- 971335
TI  - 7(14C)pargyline binding to mitochondrial outer membranes.

PMID- 971336
TI  - Identification of the glucuronides of cannabidiol and hydroxycannabidiols in
      mouse liver.

PMID- 971337
TI  - Microsomal mixed-function oxidases and epoxide hydratase convert benzo(a)pyrene
      stereospecifically to optically active dihydroxydihydrobenzo(a)pyrenes.

PMID- 971338
TI  - A competency-based system for the initial training of speech pathologists.

PMID- 971339
TI  - Water flux through porcine aortic tissue due to a hydrostatic pressure gradient.
AB  - The water flux through preparations of porcine aorta has been investigated. After
      an initial unsteady period a stable flux of approximately 2 mul/cm2-h was reached
      and this flux rate remained constant for several hours. Under the experimental
      conditions which were maintained (110 mm Hg pressure drop across a 2 mm thick
      section of tissue) this total flux corresponds to a hydraulic conductivity of
      less than or equal to 7.0 X 10(-13) cm4/dyne-sec. Since these data were obtained
      in tissue samples where the endothelial layer was not intact, they represent
      values which are in fact larger than the actual in vivo condition where the
      endothelial barrier would serve as an additional resistance. Thus, they
      demonstrate that the transmural flux of water across the aorta wall in vitro due
      to a pressure gradient is extremely small and, therefore, that other mass
      transfer mechanisms may be significant.

PMID- 971340
TI  - Treatment of type II hyperlipoproteinemia with d-thyroxine.
AB  - The effectiveness of a new, almost l-thyroxine free preparation of d-thyroxine
      (Dynothel) was tested in 15 patients with Type IIa and 4 patients with Type IIb
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Eleven patients with Type IIa and 3 with Type IIb were
      responsive to treatment and showed an average 26% decrease in plasma TC. This
      decrement in plasma TC was mirrored in a significant reduction of LDL cholesterol
      in Type IIa and IIb. While VLDL cholesterol slightly decrease in Type IIb, it
      remained the same in Type IIa and so did the HDL cholesterol in both types. As
      neither VLDL nor LDL or HDL triglyceride levels changed very much in either type,
      the total plasma triglycerides remained the same. The plasma phospholipids were
      higher in Type IIa and lower in Type IIb on therapy. Thus, Dynothel seems to be a
      potent d-thyroxine preparation for lowering plasma cholesterol, this decrease
      being brought about by reduction of LDL cholesterol levels. The effect of the
      drug on plasma TG and PL is less certain.

PMID- 971341
TI  - Number, location and severity of coronary arterial changes in steelhead trout
      (Salmo gairdnerii).
AB  - Steelhead trout (Salmo gairdnerii) were taken at three stages of sexual maturity
      to study their coronary arteries for arteriosclerotic lesions. At least 18
      sections from the glutaraldehyde- and osmium-fixed arteries were obtained from
      each fish. Fish in the middle of the spawning migration and sexually mature fish
      at the spawning ground had lesions in about 20% of the arterial sections. These
      consisted of focal proliferations of smooth muscle cells projecting into the
      lumen through the broken elastic lamina with an intact endothelium around them.
      Sexually mature fish with patches of fungus on their head and back had twice as
      high a percentage of arterial sections with lesions as the first two groups of
      fish. Sexually immature fish were not studied. The lesions occurred approximately
      equally in all sizes of coronary arteries except for very small arteries. All
      lesions but one were focal; that lesion involved a third of the intima and the
      media. The lesions have no elastic lamina below the endothelium and seem to have
      no lipid.

PMID- 971342
TI  - Hepatic cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase activity in neurogenic
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase activity of hepatic microsomal preparations of
      hypothalamic hypercholesterolemic rats and normal rats was assayed in rats fed
      diets high and low in cholesterol, and in rats killed at the supposed height and
      at the nadir of the diurnal cycle of enzyme activity. The activity of this enzyme
      system appeared to be unimpaired in the hypothalamic hypercholesterolemic rat.

PMID- 971343
TI  - Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with Secholex. A long-term clinical trial and
      comparison with cholestyramine.
AB  - The efficacy of an anion-exchange gel, Secholex, as a hypocholesterolemic agent
      was assessed in 46 patients in 4 different studies and the effects were compared
      with those of cholestyramine. All patients had severe Type II-a or II-b
      hyperlipoproteinemia. In short-term metabolic studies Secholex (15 g/day) and
      cholestyramine (16 g/day) decreased serum cholesterol levels and increased total
      fecal sterol output and serum methyl sterol concentration to a similar extent,
      but cholestyramine was more effective than Secholex in increasing fecal bile acid
      excretion. In crossover studies, the two drugs appeared to be equally effective
      in lowing serum cholesterol levels but the patients mostly preferred Secholex.
      Twenty patients were treated with Secholex over a two-year period. The average
      decrease in serum cholesterol levels from the mean pretreatment value of 406
      mg/100 ml was 15% during the first year, and 13% during the second year. In 5
      patients the serum cholesterol was permanently lowered by more than 20% (good
      responders), while in 7 patients the average reduction of serum cholesterol level
      during Secholex administration was less than 10% (non-responders). The serum
      triglyceride level was slightly decreased by Secholex in Type II-b patients but
      was unaltered in Type II-a patients. At the end of the treatment period, serum
      iron and vitamin B12 levels were normal but the serum folic acid concentration
      was reduced in eight of 20 patients. A dose--response study indicated that a
      similar cholesterol-lowering effect was obtained with daily doses of 9 and 15 g
      of Secholex. It is concluded that Secholex is a relatively safe drug which
      effectively reduces serum cholesterol levels in two-thirds of patients with
      severe hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 971344
TI  - Effect of the phospholipid vehicle on the transport of cholesterol in rats.
AB  - Rats were injected intravenously with liposomes made of [4(-14)C] cholesterol
      with [32P]lysolecithin, or [4(-14)C]cholesterol with [32P]lecithin. The clearance
      of both radioactive labels from plasma was observed, as well as their
      distribution in the organs after 15 and 60 min. At the same time, the
      esterification of injected [14C]cholesterol and the conversion of
      [32P]lysolecithin to [32P]lecithin and vice versa were examined. [14C]Cholesterol
      administered with lysolecithin was cleared from the plasma at a higher rate than
      with lecithin. Consequently the radioactivity of [14C]cholesterol in the aorta,
      heart, lung, kidney and liver changed with the applied phospholipid; with
      lysolecithin it was higher than with lecithin. Lysolecithin itself was
      distributed among the organs more evenly than lecithin, which accumulated most in
      the liver. If administered with lysolecithin, [14C]cholesterol was esterified in
      the plasma in a significantly higher proportion than if administered with
      lecithin. The antiatherogenous effect of lecithin and the atherogenous effect of
      lysolecithin are considered on the basis of different transport properties of
      these phospholipids.

PMID- 971345
TI  - Incorporation in vitro of 14C-labelled acetate and 32P-labelled phosphate into
      lipid in thoracic aortae from hypertensive and nomotensive rabbits.
AB  - The effect of prior hypertension on lipid synthesis in the thoracic aortae of
      normal-fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits was studied in vitro using[1(-14)C]
      acetate and [32P] phosphate as lipid precursors. In normally fed rabbits, prior
      hypertension did not increase the incorporation of the labelled precursors into
      either phospholipid or neutral lipid. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, hypertension
      increased the incorporation of [32P] phosphate into phosphatidyl-choline and of
      [1(-14)C-acetate into cholesterol ester. The increased incorporation of [1(-14)C]
      acetate into cholesterol ester was accompanied by an increase in intimal total
      cholesterol concentration. For both normotensive and hypertensive cholesterol-fed
      rabbits there was a close correlation between cholesterol esterification and
      total cholesterol concentration of the thoracic intima. It is concluded that the
      increase in aortic lipid synthesis in hypertensive cholesterol-fed rabbits is
      secondary to the increased cholesterol accumulation induced by hypertension
      rather than to a direct stimulation of arterial wall lipid synthesis by
      hypertension per se.

PMID- 971346
TI  - Ischaemic disease in men and women with familial hypercholesterolaemia and
      xanthomatosis. A comparative study of genetic and environmental factors in 274
      heterozygous cases.
AB  - The incidence of ischaemic diseases in familial hypercholesterolaemia and
      xanthomatosis (familial Type II) was studied in a group of 158 men and 116 women.
      (1) Men and women did not differ with regard to the inherited metabolic disease.
      Levels of serum cholesterol, the marker of the genetic defect, were not
      statistically different, and cholesterol deposition in tissues, visualized by
      skin tendon xanthomas, was not sex related. (2) Men and women were different with
      regard to ischaemic diseases. The incidence was much lower in women, and the mean
      age of onset 9 years later. Moreover, there was a sex difference in the nature of
      the ischaemic disease, with a high male predominance of myocardial infarction.
      (3) Since the major risk factor hypercholesterolaemia could not explain such a
      difference, the role of other risk factors was investigated. It was shown that
      the incidence of ischaemic diseases was increased in women by cigarette smoking
      and hypertension, and that the difference in age of onset between males and
      females was no longer seen in smoking women. It is suggested that the genetic
      factor is responsible for the atherosclerotic lesion in both sexes and that other
      factors playing a role in ischaemic complications including tobacco and
      hypertension may explain the difference between men and women.

PMID- 971347
TI  - Comparative histological and morphometrical studies into the relevance of intimal
      thickening to coronary sclerosis.
AB  - It was found by comparative histological and morphometrical studies, carried out
      on 125 human hearts of different age (20-90 years) and sex, that there exist
      critical limiting ranges of intima thickness and the intima/media relationship
      (IMR) for diffuse intimal thickening and the preatheroma phase of
      arteriosclerosis. Since furthermore a maximum and a minimum intima thickness as
      relating to diffuse intimal thickening could be determined, it is assumed that
      the location and formation of arteriosclerotic plaques is determined by the
      degree of so-called diffuse intimal thickening. It follows from these findings
      that postnatal intimal proliferation represents a potential prearteriosclerotic
      lesion of the intima, and that progressive intimal thickening supports the
      arteriosclerotic alteration of the intima, leading, through an extensive necrosis
      of the intima, to the atheroma phase.

PMID- 971348
TI  - Estrogen treatment and gonadal function in the regulation of lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was measured in adipose tissue, heart and
      diaphragm in Sprague--Dawley rats after estrogen therapy or orchiectomy. Enzyme
      activity was measured by incubation of tissue fragments with a triolein emulsion
      in the presence of serum and heparin. In confirmation of other work, depression
      of adipose tissue LPL followed estradiol treatment in pharmacologic or near
      physiologic doses. Cardiac and diaphragmatic muscle LPL were increased. Estrogen
      treated male animals showed growth retardation. However, they gained weight
      steadily and did not show significant differences in serum insulin, glucose of D
      beta-hydroxybutyrate. The effects of estradiol in male animals were reversed by
      sequential fasting and re-feeding. At times during growth and aging in normal
      female rats, adipose tissue activity was decreased while cardiac and skeletal
      muscle activities were increased relative to males of the same age or body
      weight. Castration of male rats failed to reproduce the effect of estrogens on
      tissue lipoprotein lipase. These in vitro data suggest that exogenous estrogens
      may shift the flux of triglyceride fatty acids from storage in the adipose organ
      toward incorporation by muscle. These, and other data, raise the possibility that
      physiological estrogen secretion exerts a tonic influence over the synthesis and
      ultimate destination of triglyceride fatty acids.

PMID- 971349
TI  - Chylomicron metabolism in rabbits fed diets with or without added cholesterol.
AB  - Intestinal lymph chylomicrons, isotopically labelled with radioactive
      triacylglycerol and cholesterol, were injected into normally fed and cholesterol
      fed rabbits in order to establish the pattern of clearance of intestinal
      lipoproteins from the plasma. In normal rabbits the cholesterol moiety of
      chylomicrons was removed from the plasma less readily than triacylglycerol. In
      cholesterol-fed rabbits, the clearance of triacylglycerol was unaltered, but
      clearance of chylomicron cholesterol was further retarded. The majority of the
      injected lymph cholesterol was recovered in d less than 1.019 g/ml lipoproteins.
      These observations support the notions that clearance of chylomicron remnants is
      impaired in the rabbit, and that hypercholesterolaemia in the cholesterol-fed
      rabbit is due to an accumulation of chylomicron remnants in the plasma.

PMID- 971350
TI  - Effect of dietary restriction on plasma cholesterol and cholesterol excretion in
      the White Carneau pigeon.
AB  - The effect of short-term dietary restriction on plasma cholesterol and
      cholesterol balance was examined in young While Carneau pigeons. Dietary
      restriction of 1 month increased plasma cholesterol significantly and
      subsequently decreased to initial levels at 3 months. The fecal excretion of
      neutral sterols was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) at both 1 and 3
      months following dietary restriction, while the fecal excretion of bile acids
      showed no significant changes.

PMID- 971351
TI  - The effect of intermittent carbon monoxide exposure on experimental
      atherosclerosis in the rabbit.
AB  - (1) Twenty-four female New Zealand White rabbits were fed commercial diet plus 2%
      cholesterol. Twelve of these animals were exposed to carbon monoxide for 4 hours
      per day, seven days per week for 10 weeks. The carbon monoxide exposure was such
      that the mean blood carboxy-haemoglobin was raised to approximately 20% during
      each exposure period. Twelve control animals breathed atmospheric air under the
      same conditions of confinement as the carbon monoxide-exposed group. (2) No
      significant differences in the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides or
      glutamate oxalacetate transaminase were observed between the two groups during
      the experiment. (3) When the animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment
      no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the aortic
      content of triglycerides, cholesterol or phospholipids. (4) The extent of
      coronary artery atherosclerosis was statistically significantly higher in the
      carbon monoxide group than in the control group. (5) Ultracentrifugal analysis of
      plasma lipoproteins revealed that there was significantly more cholesterol in the
      d less than l.006 fraction from the CO-exposed rabbits. (6) These findings, are
      discussed with particular reference to the claim that the causal agent in tobacco
      smoke associated arterial disease is carbon monoxide.

PMID- 971352
TI  - Effects of clofibrate treatment on plasma triglyceride concentration, plasma post
      heparin clearing factor lipase (lipoprotein lipase) activity and serum clearing
      factor lipase activating ability in maturity-onset diabetes.
AB  - The effects of clofibrate on plasma triglyceride concentration, plasma post
      heparin clearing factor lipase activity and serum clearing factor lipase
      activating ability were studied in a group of maturity-onset diabetic patients.
      Significant falls in both triglyceride concentration and in activating ability
      occurred within 2 weeks of beginning clofibrate treatment and, when treatment was
      stopped after 4 weeks, these changes were reversed within a further 4 weeks.
      Plasma post-heparin clearing factor lipase activity, on the other hand, was
      significantly increased during clofibrate administration and fell again when the
      treatment was stopped. The possible interrelationships of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 971353
TI  - On the cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity in the microsomal and supernatant
      fractions of pigeon aorta.
AB  - Cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was measured in the microsomal and
      supernatant fractions of the aorta of atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau
      and atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons while on their normal
      cholesterol-free diets. Enzyme activities from both fractions showed fatty acid
      specificities for the hydrolysis of different cholesteryl esters in the following
      decreasing order: Linoleate greater than oleate greater than palmitate. At 9
      months of age (the period of lipid accumulation) the microsomal enzyme activity
      in the Show Racer breed was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in the
      White Carneau breed, while the supernatant enzyme was slightly higher (P less
      than 0.05) in the White Carneaux at this age. In older birds (3 years of age)
      these differences in enzyme activities disappeared.

PMID- 971354
TI  - Some metabolic relationships in young patients with ischemic heart disease.
AB  - The interrelationships between body weight, insulin secretion and serum lipids
      were studied in 40 young white patients (mean age 37 years) with established
      ischemic heart disease (IHD), living in Johannesburg. None was severely obese,
      hypertensive or overtly diabetic. In general, strong positive correlations were
      found between body weight and insulin concentrations and between insulin levels
      and fasting serum triglycerides. However, insulin levels were relatively low in 4
      patients with marked hypertriglyceridemia (above 350 mg/dl). These data are
      consistent with the postulate that insulin promotes (hepatic) triglyceride
      synthesis, but when there is gross hypertriglyceridemia peripheral triglyceride
      clearance becomes defective. Insignificant correlations were observed between
      body weight and serum lipids and between cholesterol and other metabolic
      variables. We conclude that there is a sequential link between increasing body
      weight, insulin secretion and triglyceride levels in young patients with IHD, but
      that cholesterolemia is independent of this axis.

PMID- 971355
TI  - The effect of hypolipidaemic therapy on serum uric acid concentration.

PMID- 971356
TI  - Measurements of atmospheric pollutants in the St. Louis area.

PMID- 971357
TI  - Airborne asbestos in the vicinity of a freeway.

PMID- 971358
TI  - Long-term mean concentrations of atmospheric smoke and sulphur dioxide in country
      areas of England and Wales.

PMID- 971359
TI  - A systems approach to air pollution control.

PMID- 971360
TI  - Measurements of the photochemical production of aerosols in ambient air near a
      freeway for a range of SO2 concentrations.

PMID- 971361
TI  - [The effects of Triton WR 1339 on the secretion of bile lipids in the rat].
AB  - Rats bearing a biliary fistula received i.v. a solution of Triton WR 1339. Bile
      and plasma lipid composition was studied every 2 hrs and compared to that of
      control rats injected with saline. Two hours after Triton injection a sharp
      decrease in the bile secretion of lecithins (-- 93%), cholesterol (-- 50%) and
      bile salts (-- 50%) was observed together with a fall in bile flow (-- 20%).
      Eight hours after Triton administration the biliary output of lecithins,
      cholesterol and bile salts was lowered to --73%, --50% and --34% respectively
      compared to control animals. At that time an accumulation of L.C.A.T. substrates
      (lecithins and cholesterol) was observed in the plasma of Triton group. These
      modifications of biliary lipids after inhibition of L.C.A.T. activity by Triton W
      1339 could be the result of a decreased production of plasma lysolecithins and
      cholesterol esters suggesting that both lipids could be important precursors for
      the synthesis of bile constituents. Furthermore this support the view that the
      production by the liver of plasma and bile lipids follows two distinct pathways.

PMID- 971362
TI  - Roentgenological and endoscopic findings of malignant lymphoma.
AB  - Roentgenological and endoscopic characteristics of malignant lymphoma of the
      stomach were studied referring to the gross pathological appearance of the
      tumors. Based on the results obtained, we classified malignant lymphoma of the
      stomach into four types, i.e., superficial, ulcer, polypoid and giant fold types.

PMID- 971363
TI  - Calibration and performance of a small animal gradient layer calorimeter box.

PMID- 971364
TI  - A review of hand instruments.

PMID- 971365
TI  - [Refractory anaemias with cellular marrow and/or partial myeloblastosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971367
TI  - Interaural phase discrimination for combination tone stimuli.

PMID- 971366
TI  - [Beta-galactosidase activities in rat colon homogenate. II. Hydrolysis of
      lactose].

PMID- 971368
TI  - Stapedectomy wire prosthesis for use with tissue grafts.

PMID- 971370
TI  - Principles of computed tomography.

PMID- 971369
TI  - [Titrimetric method of determining triiotrast in solutions].

PMID- 971371
TI  - [Glurenorm a new peroral antidiabetic agent belonging to the group of
      sulfonylurea compounds].

PMID- 971372
TI  - [Correlation of directed and blind aspiration biopsy of the gastric mucosa in the
      diagnosis of diffuse and focal changes of the stomach].

PMID- 971373
TI  - Duplication of aortic wall seen by echocardiography.
AB  - In four patients, echocardiography showed duplication of an aortic wall echo. An
      aortic dissection was present in only one. Other causes for the echocardiographic
      pattern were abscess in the interventricular septum, mitral stenosis, and
      dilatation of the noncoronary sinus of Valsalva. Division of the echo from the
      mitral ring into two separate posterior aortic wall echoes was seen only in the
      patient with dissecting aneurysm; it is suggested that this appearance adds to
      the specificity of the finding of aortic wall duplication by echocardiography in
      the diagnosis of aortic dissection.

PMID- 971374
TI  - 'Incessant' tachycardias in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. II: Role of atypical
      cycle length dependency and nodal-his escape beats in initiating reciprocating
      tachycardias.
AB  - Descriptions of patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and
      reciprocating tachycardia in whom the initiation of the arrhythmia depended
      neither on the occurrence of premature beats nor on antecedent cycle-length
      shortening are given. In 5 the occurrence of escape beats in the bundle of His,
      usually in the presence of sinoatrial disease, activated the tachycardia circuit,
      but in the other 2 there were unusual mechanisms related to bradycardia-dependent
      block in the anomalous pathway, and delayed response to shortening of the atrial
      cycle length, respectively. Careful assessment of such mechanisms is essential
      for the correct choice of antiarrhythmic prophylactic therapy.

PMID- 971375
TI  - Coronary artery disease in patients dying from cardiogenic shock or congestive
      heart failure in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Pathological findings in the heart and particularly in the coronary arteries are
      reported from 70 patients dying from pump failure after acute myocardial
      infarction. Fifty of the patients had died in cardiogenic shock, the remainder
      from refractory congestive heart failure. Three-vessel disease (greater than or
      equal to 75% occlusion) was present in 68 per cent of the group with cardiogenic
      shock but in only 35 per cent of those with fatal congestive heart failure (P
      less than 0-02). In both groups there was an almost equal incidence (84% for
      cardiogenic shock and 80% for congestive heart failure) of severe disease
      (greater than or equal to 75% occlusion) over a long segment of the left anterior
      descending artery. However, there were differences between the two groups
      regarding the involvement of the other coronary arteries. Whereas patients with
      cardiogenic shock generally showed severe disease over a long segment in all
      coronary arteries, in 60 per cent of those with congestive heart failure there
      was only local severe narrowing of the right coronary artery with little or no
      narrowing of the peripheral part. Similarly, 60 per cent of those with congestive
      heart failure had less than 75 per cent narrowing in the left circumflex artery.
      These anatomical findings may be of relevance with regard to desirability of
      acute coronary bypass surgery in patients with pump failure after acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 971376
TI  - Diagnosis of endocardial cushion defect with cross-sectional and M-mode scanning
      echocardiography. Differentiation from secundum atrial septal defect.
AB  - Twelve cases of endocardial cushion defect were studied before and after
      operation with ultrasono-cardiotomography (tomography) cross-sectional
      echocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, B-scan echocardiography) and
      M-mode scan along a horizontal section of the heart. For comparison, 20 healthy
      subjects, 18 cases of mitral valvular disease, 4 cases of congestive
      cardiomyopathy, 1 case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, and 25
      cases of atrial septal defect of secundum type were also examined with the same
      technique. In cases without cardiac malformation, the echo of the anterior mitral
      valve was usually continuous medially with that of the interatrial septum in the
      horizontal plane at the level of the membranous septum. This feature was clearly
      recorded in all cases with right heart enlargement. In ostium secundum atrial
      septal defect the echo of the anterior mitral valve continued into that of the
      interatrial septum. An echo interruption was shown, indicating the defect itself
      to be in the middle part of the interatrial septum. In all the cases of
      endocardial cushion defect which we examined discontinuity was shown between the
      echo of the anterior mitral valve and that of the interatrial septum. This
      discontinuity was interpreted as indicating the defect itself. The mitral valve
      ring echo was close to the basal end of that of the interventricular septum,
      possibly reflecting an abnormal attachment of the mitral valve. In all cases,
      after operation, the echo of the artificial interatrial septum was recorded,
      continuous with that of the anterior mitral valve. The features of the
      echocardiographic sweep from the anterior mitral valve to the interatrial septum
      were thus different in the three groups. These echocardiographic differences are
      thought to correspond to the anatomical differences between the normal, atrial
      septal defect of secundum type, and endocardial cushion defect, and are essential
      features differentiating them from each other.

PMID- 971377
TI  - Familial sinoatrial node dysfunction. Increased vagal tone a possible aetiology.
AB  - Clinical and electrophysiological studies of a 13-year-old boy with sinus
      bradycardia revealed sinus node dysfunction. Long-term follow-up data of members
      of his family indicated familial sinus node dysfucntion. Increased vagal tone was
      present in all patients. It is suggested that excessive vagal discharge for a
      pronlonged time may be the basic mechanism of sinus node dysfunction in these
      patients.

PMID- 971378
TI  - Surgical treatment of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.
AB  - Fifty-nine children with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum
      underwent various forms of surgical treatment at the Hospital for Sick Children,
      Toronto, during 1950 to mid 1975. Twenty-three patients had pulmonary valvotomy,
      15 direct, 2 indirect, and 6 both direct valvotomy and infundibulectomy. All
      died, 19 early and 4 late. Of 13 patients who received a systemic-pulmonary
      artery shunt, 4 combined with surgical atrial septectomy, there are only 2 long
      term survivors both of whom were children who had had a Waterston anastomosis.
      Recently we have been treating infants with small right ventricles with balloon
      atrial septostomy at cardiac catherterization followed by a Potts anastomosis and
      pulmonary valvotomy. If the Potts anastomosis appears satisfactory the persistent
      ductus arteriosus is ligated. This scheme was used in 23 infants, with 4 early
      deaths and 2 late deaths. Of 17 survivors, further shunts were required in 4
      children. One child has had a formal repair, with insertion of valves in both
      tricuspid and pulmonary areas. We believe that this operative combination of
      Potts anastomosis and pulmonary valvotomy offers the infant with pulmonary
      atresia and a small right ventricle a relatively low initial mortality and the
      possibility of right ventricular enlargement and subsequent repair.

PMID- 971379
TI  - The Wenckebach phenomenon between electric pacemaker and ventricle.
AB  - Two cases which exhibited a Wenckebach form of exit conduction between an
      electrical pacemaker and the ventricular myocardium are presented. This manifests
      with increasing latency (stimulus to QRS  intervals) and ultimate stimulus
      failure (block). The cycle then repeats itself. The QRS duration also increases
      progressively within each cycle. The phenomenon connotes an adverse prognosis.
      Several postulates regarding the mechanism are discussed.

PMID- 971380
TI  - Quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography. Determination of left ventricular
      ejection fraction in children.
AB  - A method is described for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction which uses
      high frequency computer recording of gamma scintillation camera data and
      peripheral venous injectinon of technetium-99m as sodium pertechnetate. Data from
      mechanical model experiments are used to show feasibility of this method. A
      phantom experiment is described which was used to develop a technique for
      accurate delineation of the ventricular outline in the presence of background.
      The left ventricular ejection was measured in 12 patients by radionuclide
      angiocardiography and biplane cineangiography. Comparison of these two methods
      gave a correlation coefficient of 0-91. In addition, left ventricular ejection
      fraction was measured in 34 patients (aged 7 weeks to 18 years) without evidence
      of cardiac disease using the radionuclide method alone. Average ejection
      fractions of 0-66 and 0-70 were found for children over 2 years of age and
      children 2 years of age or younger, respectively. In addition, an interobseerver
      comparison study was performed with the data from 10 patients, and only small
      differences were noted (SD 0-025).

PMID- 971381
TI  - Prevention of balloon damage during initiation of intra-aortic balloon
      counterpulsation.
AB  - Damage to an intra-aortic balloon occurred on two occasions in 93 insertion
      procedures. The complication was recognized before gas embolization occurred, and
      neither patient suffered ill effects. On both occasions the balloon was holed
      when pinched by artery forceps applied to the 'dacron' graft.

PMID- 971382
TI  - Haemolysis after mitral valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley and the Lillehei
      Kaster disc valve prosthesis.
AB  - The present study reports on the incidence and degree of intravascular haemolysis
      in 33 patients with Bjork-Shiley tilting disc prosthesis and in 34 patients with
      Lillehei-Kaster pivoting disc valve prosthesis in the mitral position examined 12
      to 24 months after the operation. Serum haptoglobin, serum lactate dehydrogenase,
      serum bilirubin, and haemoglobin estimations were performed. Significant
      haemolysis was detected in 85 per cent of the patients. Haptoglobin was absent or
      reduced in 72 per cent, while raised values for serum lactate dehydrogenase were
      found in 43 per cent. The increase in lactate dehydrogenase was moderate and
      showed no correlation with blood flow through the prosthesis or with the gradient
      across the prosthesis. Most patients had normal haemoglobin and normal serum
      bilirubin values. Although intravascular haemolysis was of little clinical
      significance, the increase in lactate dehyrdrogenase was significantly higher in
      patients with the Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis than in patients with the Bjork
      Shiley prosthesis, indicating a slightly shorter red cell lifespan in the former
      group. The possible reasons for the difference between the two groups are
      discussed.

PMID- 971383
TI  - Lack of effect of bed rest and cigarette smoking on development of deep venous
      thrombosis after myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a prospective study of patients admitted to a coronary care unit, the
      incidence of isotopically diagnosed deep venous thrombosis was found to be
      related to the severity of illness rather than to the duration of bed rest. In
      addition, no negative correlation was found between cigarette smoking and deep
      venous thrombosis.

PMID- 971384
TI  - Transiet atrial fibrillation after minor head injury.
AB  - Two patients developed transient rapid atrial fibrillation after a blow on the
      head. There was no evidence of neurological damage or organic heart disease on
      subsequent investigation. Neither patient was aware of the cardiac irregularity.

PMID- 971385
TI  - Evaluation of rapid atrial pacing in diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
      Evaluation of atrial pacing test.
AB  - Seventeen patients presenting with anginal-type pain were studied by bicycle
      exercise testing, rapid atrial pacing, and coronary angiography. Ten patients
      with angina and abnormal pacing tests at rates less than 180/minute were found to
      have significant coronary artery disease as demonstrated by coronary angiography.
      Seven patients with pacing-induced chest pain only at rates of 180 and above had
      normal coronary angiogram. This suggests that patients requiring rates of 180 or
      more to produce a positive atrial pacing test, following our protocol, do not
      usually have significant coronary artery disease though confirmation requires a
      larger study.

PMID- 971386
TI  - Giant blood cyst of tricuspid valve. Successful excision in an infant.
AB  - A case of a giant blood-filled cyst of the tricuspid valve in described in a 4
      month-old infant. The cyst caused obstruction of the right ventricular inflow and
      outflow tracts and a right-to-left shunt; it was successfully removed at open
      heart surgery. Pitfalls in differential diagnosis and the pathogenesis are
      discussed.

PMID- 971387
TI  - Cervical aortic arch and a new type of double aortic arch. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of cervical aortic arch is reported. To the best of our knowledge, it is
      the first to be associated with a serious intracardiac anomaly. In addition, it
      is part of a new type of double aortic arch, caused by failure of reabsorption of
      both dorsal aortic roots and persistence of the fourth right and second (or
      third) left branchial arches.

PMID- 971388
TI  - Sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 971389
TI  - Localization of lesion in patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 971390
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia in Belgian Landrace pigs rested or exercised before
      exposure to halothane.
AB  - Thirteen of 31 Belgian Landrace pigs developed malignant hyperthermia (MH) after
      breathing halothane. A short period of exercise 1 h before the administration of
      the triggering agent increased the incidence of the syndrome to 100% in eight
      similar pigs. Clinical symptoms were more marked and developed more rapidly in
      the exercised pigs. All the reacting pigs became typically acidotic, developed
      rigor and died. Serum Na+, K+, Ca2+, c.p.k., l.d.h. and protein concentrations
      were increased to a variable extent during the reaction and there was an increase
      in p.c.v. also. No hyperglycaemia was detected in pigs which were rested before
      receiving halothane. Four of the eight exercised pigs became markedly
      hyperglycaemic and plasma noradrenaline increased to higher values.
      Phosphocreatine and ATP decreased to low values and lactate increased in the
      muscles of all pigs which reacted. At the time of death, muscle glycogen had
      decreased significantly in the rested, but not in the exercised, MH pigs.

PMID- 971391
TI  - Plasma proteins, packed-cell volume and requirements for alcuronium.
AB  - The relationship between alcuronium requirements and the plasma concentration of
      albumin and total globulin was investigated in 50 adult patients undergoing
      elective upper abdominal surgery. No significant correlation was obtained with
      the plasma proteins (g/100 ml plasma). A significant positive correlation between
      alcuronium requirements and plasma albumin X (1-PCV), especially in anaemic
      patients, was found. This relationship tended to decrease with time.

PMID- 971392
TI  - Alveolar gas relationships during the use of semi-closed rebreathing anaesthetic
      systems.
AB  - A black box and a geometrical approach have been used to deduce the relationships
      between alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations when rebreathing occurs
      during the use of semi-closed anaesthetic rebreathing systems.

PMID- 971393
TI  - The hydrolysis of suxamethonium in human blood.
AB  - In 30 patients, after induction of anaesthesia, the ulnar nerve on both arms was
      stimulated, and the resulting had contractions recorded or closely observed.
      Immediately after the circulation to one arm had been occluded with a tourniquet,
      suxamethonium 1 mg/kg was injected i.v. The occlusion was relieved after 1, 2 or
      3 min. It was found that the duration of block on the occluded arm represented
      68, 48 and 19% of the non-occluded arm after 1, 2 and 3 min occlusion
      respectively. Thus a considerable recirculation of the drug occurs, even 3 min
      after injection. It can be calculated that the disappearance of suxamethonium
      from blood is 7.7 mg/litre in the 1st min and 2.9 mg/litre in both the 2nd and
      the 3rd min. These disappearance rates include both hydrolysis and diffusion from
      plasma. Thus the rate for hydrolysis contrasts sharply with the published values
      for suxamethonium hydrolysis in vitro.

PMID- 971394
TI  - Plasma lignocaine concentrations following endotracheal spraying with an aerosol.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of lignocaine were measured in three groups of
      anaesthetized patients following spraying of the trachea and larynx with a
      lignocaine 10% aerosol spray. Greater venous plasma concentrations occurred in
      patients who were paralysed with suxamethonium. A mean plasma concentration of
      0.1 mug/ml of lignocaine resulted from each 10 mg of lignocaine used in
      spontaneously breathing patients, and 0.15 mug/ml in paralysed patients. In
      individual patients a concentration 50% in excess of the mean value may occur.
      The use of lignocaine 100 mg as a 10% aerosol spray can be considered safe.

PMID- 971395
TI  - Impairment of blood fibrinolytic activity during major surgical stress under
      combined extradural blockade and general anaesthesia.
AB  - Blood fibrinolytic activity and plasma cortisol concentrations were investigated
      in 15 patients undergoing upper or lower abdominal surgery under high or low
      extradural blockade plus general anesthesia. It was found that the initial
      enhancement of fibrinolysis could be prevented but only in those patients showing
      impaired cortisol responses. This suggests a common nervous mechanism unrelated
      to the degree of sensory blockade.

PMID- 971396
TI  - The pulmonary capillary bed after lymphography.
AB  - A small series of patients underwent radio-isotope lung scanning before and after
      the bipedal injection of oily contrast medium for abdominal lymphography to
      assess known malignant disease. After lymphography the lung scans showed an
      increase of between 12 and 100% in the radioactivity recorded over the anterior
      chest. No change was recorded over the posterior aspect of the chest. It is
      suggested that the increase is a result of blockage of posteriorly placed
      pulmonary capillaries and diversion of blood flow to the anterior segments.

PMID- 971397
TI  - An obstetrician's view of pain.

PMID- 971398
TI  - A new complication of flexometallic endotracheal tubes.

PMID- 971399
TI  - British standards for endotracheal tubes.

PMID- 971400
TI  - Albumin extravasation during surgery.

PMID- 971401
TI  - A foreign body in the larynx.

PMID- 971402
TI  - Hormonal changes in procine malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 971403
TI  - Comparison of the effects of enflurane and halothane on development of phase II
      neuromuscular block by suxamethonium.

PMID- 971404
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 971405
TI  - A proinflammatory factor in lymphocytes. Its role in the development of acute,
      non-immunological inflammatory reactions.
AB  - Drug-induced leucopenia renders rats hyporeactive to various inflammatory
      stimuli. Administration to leucopenic rats of suspensions of lymphocytes,
      sufficient to apparently correct the induced lymphocytopenia, led to a partial
      but marked reversal of the inhibited responses. Similar results were observed
      when lysates of lymphocytes or filtrates of the disintegrated cells were
      injected. Suspensions of polymorphonuclear granulocytes, on the contrary, were
      ineffective in producing a reversal of inhibited inflammatory reactions in
      leucopenic rats. The presence of a proinflammatory factor (LpIF) in lymphocytes,
      which might be involved in the modulation of acute inflammatory responses is
      suggested.

PMID- 971406
TI  - The effect of furosemide on the renal damage induced by toxic mushroom
      Cortinarius speciosissimus in the rat.
AB  - The effect of furosemide on the renal damage induced by the toxic mushroom
      Cortinarius speciosissimus was studied in female rats. Furosemide (50 mg/kg s.c.)
      was given 15 min before the mushroom administration (250 mg dried mushroom/kg
      body weight p.o.). It was observed that furosemide clearly increased the tubular
      damage induced by C. speciosissimus. In contrast, furosemide had no effect on the
      inflammation induced by this toxic mushroom.

PMID- 971407
TI  - Effects of isoprenaline and pilocarpine on salivary glands as assessed by
      gravimetric and image analysis techniques.
AB  - Pigs were given 6 daily injections of isoprenaline or pilocarpine. At necropsy
      the parotid, submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands were removed and
      weighed. Histological sections were prepared from several regions of each gland
      and the cross-sectional area of their acini was measured in treated and control
      animals by means of a Quantimet Image Analysis System. Both isoprenaline and
      pilocarpine produced a significant increase in the weight of the parotid and
      submaxillary glands, which was accompanied by an increase in acinar area. There
      was no change in the weight of the sublingual gland with either drug, but
      isoprenaline did induce an increase in the area of sublingual acini. A comparison
      is made of the changes in weight and structure of the salivary glands as shown by
      these methods.

PMID- 971408
TI  - Labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone as an in vivo indicator of reticuloendothelial
      activity.
AB  - It is shown that after a single i.v. dose of [131I]-polyvinylpyrrolidone ([131I]
      PVP) the total body and plasma radioactivities of rabbits decrease at distinctly
      different rates. The difference between these two rates is utilized to calculate
      the phagocytic rate of [131I]-PVP by reticuloendothelial cells.A number of
      experimental conditions are reported in which enhanced reticuloendothelial uptake
      of [131I]-PVP is readily demonstrable. They include the injection of small
      quantities of heterologous plasma, certain proteolytic fragments of the
      fibrinogen molecule, the clearance of antigen-antibody complexes, and the acute
      phase reaction (inflammatory response) as brought about by serum sickness,
      sterile abscess and vaccination. Based on these observations it is suggested that
      [131I]-PVP may provide a convenient technique for the long-term monitoring of the
      activity of reticuloendothelial cells, presumably mainly that of the histiocytes.
      The pronounced polydispersity of commercially available [131I]-PVP is a serious
      problem in this respect which can be largely overcome, but not completely
      abolished, by the screening techniques described herein. Post-mortem analyses of
      rabbit tissues showed most of the [131I]-PVP to be present in the skin (20%),
      followed by the liver (14%), bone marrow (10%), muscle (7%) and kidney (5%). Gel
      filtration studies with [131]-PVP in the presence and in the absence of plasma
      proteins failed to demonstrate any association between PVP and the proteins.
      [131I]-PVP kept at physiological pH and 37 degrees C lost less than 5% of its
      radioactivity over one month due to spontaneous deiodination.

PMID- 971409
TI  - Toxicity of various carrageenans in the mouse.
AB  - Carrageenan toxicity was found to vary according to the biochemical nature and
      source of material injected. Ischaemic lesions of body extremities (acronecrosis)
      were produced by some but not all preparations. Histological examination of these
      sites and of both recent and old organ lesions (especially of liver and kidney)
      confirmed that the underlying pathology was disseminated intravascular
      coagulation. Evidence was also obtained that carrageenans are hepatotoxic.

PMID- 971410
TI  - Mouse hydrocephalus and encephalitis following intracerebral infection with
      Newcastle disease vaccine viruses.
AB  - Hydrocephalus and encephalitis in 14-day-old mice was induced by an intracerebral
      inoculation of a high dose of live Newcastle disease vaccine viruses. The
      distended lateral ventricles occurred as a result of aqueduct stenosis
      superimposed on ciliary degeneration and destruction of ependymal cells. The
      brain virus titres were high on Days 3, 5 and 7 but never exceeded the titre of
      the original dose given. Positive serum haemagglutination-inhibition titres
      persisted throughout the experiment.

PMID- 971411
TI  - Metabolism of biliverdin. Biliary excretion of bile pigments after intravenous
      injection of biliverdin isomers.
AB  - 14C-labelled biliverdins IX alpha, beta, gamma and delta have been prepared in
      vitro from haemoglobin obtained from duck erythrocytes incubated with 5-amino[4
      14C]-laevulinic acid. When injected intravenously into rats with biliary
      fistulae, about 60% of the label was recovered in the bile in 24 h after the
      alpha isomer was given, while approximately 10% was recovered with injection of
      the beta isomer. The gamma and delta isomers gave intermediate values. In each
      experiment, most of the recovered isotope was found in association with
      conjugated bile pigment. Thus, the metabolic pathway for bile pigment excretion
      in the rat handles the IX alpha isomer preferentially but is not specific for it.

PMID- 971412
TI  - Structure of the three major sialyl-oligosaccharides excreted in the urine of
      five patients with three distinct inborn diseases: "I cell disease" and two new
      types of mucolipidosis.
AB  - The urine of five patients with three distinct diseases ("I Cell disease" and two
      new types of mucolipidosis) contains sialic acid-rich oligosaccharides in a high
      amount: 50- to 500-fold the normal. The structure of the major components are as
      follows: alphaAcNeu(2 leads to 6)betaGal(1 leads to 4)betaGlcNac(1 leads to
      2)alphaMan(1 leads to 3)betaMan(1 leads to 4)GlcNac,[alphaAcNeu(2 leads to
      6)]betaGal(1 leads to 4)betaGlcNAc(1 leads to 2)alphaMan(1 leads to 3)[betaGal(1
      leads to 4)betaGlcNac(1 leads to 2)alphaMan(1 leads to 6)]betaMan(1 leads to
      4)GlcNAc and alphaAcNeu(2 leads to 6)betaGal(1 leads to 4)betaGlcNAc(1 leads to
      2)alphaMan(1 leads to 3)[alphaAcNeu(2 leads to 6)betaGal(1 leads to
      4)betaGlcNAc(1 leads to 2)alphaMan(1 leads to 6)]betaMan(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc.
      These results suggest that a deficit in alpha-neuraminidase is associated to
      these three different disorders and that an endo-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase
      is able to release sialyoligosaccharides by splitting the sialylglycans of
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 971413
TI  - Effect of mucolytic agents on the rheological properties of tracheal mucus.
AB  - Canine tracheal mucus was dissolved by a number of mucolytic agents, including
      disulfide bond reducing agents, hydrogen bond breaking agents, and chaotropic
      ions, and their effect on rheological properties was assessed. Sodium thiocyanate
      led to 85-100% dissolution with the maximum retention of elasticity. Thiocyanate
      exposure did not result in demonstrable alterations in the size or shape of the
      mucus glycoproteins. Sodium thiocyanate is therefore recommended as a suitable
      dispersing agent for physiochemical studies of glycoprotein secretions.

PMID- 971414
TI  - Copper deficiency and erythrocuprein (2Cu, 2Zn-superoxide dismutase).
AB  - The activities of 2Cu,2Zn-superoxide dismutase, ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin),
      catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in the blood of rats during
      copper depletion. Two control groups of animals were used; one received the
      regular diet containing all essential components including copper and the other
      group was maintained on a diet, containing 1% the amount of copper in normal
      diet, copper being supplied as Cu(Leu)2 in the drinking water. Both groups showed
      no detectable differences, either in the copper content of blood or in the 
      measured four enzymic activities. Excessive copper (injected intraperitoneally)
      caused only an insignificant rise in the enzymic activities (0-10%) compared to
      either control. After starting copper depletion ferroxidase activity decreases to
      15% on the 15th day, while the 2Cu,2Zn-superoxide dismutase activity decreases to
      40% on the 45th day. Ferroxidase activity shows rapid but transient changes
      immediately after perturbation in plasma copper levels. By contrast, the 2Cu,2Zn
      superoxide dismutase activity more closely parallels the overall copper
      deficiency. Dietary repletion with copper raises the 2Cu,2Zn-superoxide dismutase
      activity to 94% and the ferroxidase activity to 80% of the control values within
      36 h. Apart from the copper-dependent anemia catalase activity was decreased.
      However, 15 days after the start of the copper depletion catalase activity rises
      again and reaches the control value on the 40th day and a 30% stimulation was
      even seen on the 58th day. Upon copper repletion catalase activity reaches 166%
      of the control within 14 days. No copper-dependent differences of glutathione
      peroxidase activity were seen regardless whatever copper level was present in the
      rats.

PMID- 971415
TI  - The stability of porphyrin and metalloporphyrin molecular complexes in solution.
AB  - Stability constants for the molecular complexes formed by protoporphyrin IX
      dimethyl ester and its metal chelates with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+
      with nitroarene acceptors are determined in non-aqueous solvents. The stability
      of the complexes is found to be largely insensitive to variations in the central
      metal ions provided they are in the same oxidation state. Solvent-solute
      interactions are seen as being important in the formation of such complexes
      giving rise to large variations in their apparent stability. Some of the other
      factors that affect the stability of the molecular complexes are also evaluated.
      No evidence has been found for the appearance of any intermolecular charge
      transfer absorption bands. Infrared studies, however, have provided some evidence
      for a substantial loss of electron density from the porphyrin ring upon
      interactions with the acceptors.

PMID- 971416
TI  - Transfer of heme from heme-albumin to hemopexin.
AB  - Exchange of heme in vitro between two heme-binding serum proteins, albumin and
      hemopexin, was examined spectrophotometrically. Hemopexin, albumin and heme in
      molar ratios of 1 : 70 : 1 were incubated at 22 degrees C, pH 7.3. The heme was
      added as free heme, heme-hemopexin or methemalbumin. Due to the high affinity of
      hemopexin for heme, Kd near 10(-13) M, only negligible amounts of heme were
      transferred from hemopexin to albumin in 48 h. However, more than 80% of heme was
      transferred from methemalbumin to hemopexin within 24 h. Heme added to a 1 : 70
      mixture of the apo-proteins is initially bound by albumin; but more than 90% is
      bound by hemopexin in 24 h. Addition of dithionite causes nearly all of the heme
      present, whether added as free heme or methemalbumin, to associate with hemopexin
      in 15 min. Albumin thus appears to have a much lower affinity for ferro- than for
      ferri-heme. Results obtained from similar experiments with human serum and human
      serum made hemopexin-free by immunoadsorption fully corroborate those obtained
      with mixtures of purified albumin and hemopexin. These observations suggest that
      the rate-limiting step in the heme transport function of hemopexin is the
      formation of the heme-hemopexin complex, rather than the uptake of the complex by
      the liver.

PMID- 971417
TI  - Influence of tryptophan on the level of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in
      well-fed normal, adrenalectomized, and phenobarbital-treated rats.
AB  - In well-fed normal male rats, either force-feeding of tryptophan or a single
      injection of phenobarbital produced significant increments in hepatic microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 and the associated aniline hydroxylase activity. Administration
      of both tryptophan and phenobarbital together resulted in even greater
      stimulation than when the compounds were given alone. Adrenalectomy lowered
      instead the cytochrome P-450 concentration in comparison with that of normal
      rats, and administration of tryptophan and phenobarbital in this condition
      produced no significant increment in cytochrome P-450 concentration. In addition,
      phenobarbital administered either singly or in combination with tryptophan
      resulted in 80% mortality, which was reduced to zero by pretreatment with
      cortisol. While in cortisol-treated adrenalectomized rats administration of
      phenobarbital caused a 56% increment in cytochrome P-450 as compared to controls,
      tryptophan produced only a minor (9%) increase. In normal, as well as in
      adrenalectomized rats, tryptophan and phenobarbital administered either
      idividually or together increased microsomal protein concentration. In normal
      rats actinomycin-D treatment reduced both cytochrome P-450 and microsomal protein
      concentrations below that of the non-treated control levels. Further
      administration of either tryptophan or phenobarbital slightly increased the level
      of cytochrome P-450, and the two compounds together caused 40 and 21% increments
      of the same compared to actinomycin-treated and non-treated controls,
      respectively.

PMID- 971418
TI  - Multiple glucocorticoid binding components of intact AtT-20/D-1 mouse pituitary
      tumor cells.
AB  - Glucocorticoids were found to bind to two components in the AtT-20/D-1 pituitary
      tumor cell. One component was characterized by slow dissociation of the bound
      steroid, stringent glucocorticoid specificity and high steroid binding affinity
      (Kd = 4.64 - 10(-9) M for triamcinolone acetonide). Thus, the characteristics of
      this component, termed the slowly dissociable component, resembled those of the
      soluble cytosol receptor. The other component exhbited lower binding affinity (Kd
      = 1.57 - 10(-7) M for triamcinolone acetonide), less stringent glucocorticoid
      specificity, and very rapid dissociation of bound, labelled glucocorticoid,
      Binding to this component, termed the rapidly dissociable component, represented
      60% of total steroid binding to intact cells at 4 degrees C. Incubation of intact
      cells at 25 degrees C caused a progressive increase in steroid binding to the
      slowly dissociable component with no change in the absolute amount of ste roidal
      binding to the rapidly dissociable component. The high-binding affinity and
      preference for glucocorticoids shown by both components favor their function as
      biologically significant mediators of steroid action in this glucocorticoid
      responsive cell.

PMID- 971419
TI  - Heterogeneity of pituitary glucocorticoid binding evidence for a transcortin-like
      compound.
AB  - Scatchard analysis, as well as sucrose gradient centrifugation demonstrate that
      at least two classes of specific glucocorticoid binding sites occur in the
      adenohypophysis. One, exhibited high affinity for both corticosterone and
      dexamethasone (receptor D), while the other bound only corticosterone. The latter
      binder revealed physico-chemical properties closely similar to those of plasma
      transcortin, but was shown not to be due to simple blood contamination of
      cytosol. This transcortin-like (TL) component, however, seemed to be carried over
      from plasma, since the concentration of pituitary binding sites strikingly
      paralleled physiological variations of plasma transcortin. Furthermore,
      experiments carried out with isolated pituitary cells suggested an intracellular
      location of that binder, although sticking to the cell membrane cannot be
      excluded. Finally, it was shown that the TL compound was unable, unlike the
      receptor D, to transfer glucocorticoids into the nuclei. One of its possible
      roles could be to modulate the interaction between steroids and compound D.

PMID- 971420
TI  - Establishment of the integrity of lysosomes in a glycoprotein-rich matrix.
      Distribution pattern of seven lysosomal enzymes in gastric mucosa.
AB  - Gel-forming mucosal glycoproteins strongly interfere with standard methods of
      cell fractionation. Thus, acid hydrolase-bound particles imbedded in the gel,
      sediment on centrifugation, in the nuclear fraction of homogenates of canine
      antral mucosa. These particles can be cleared by direct solubilization of the
      gel; however, the viscosity of the solution obtained prevents sedimentation of
      some of the latent hydrolases, even at very high speeds. The use of a new step
      wise scheme of centrifugation and dilution successfully isolates lysosomal
      particles containing acid hydrolases from mucin-rich mucosa. All of the enzymes
      investigated, including acid phosphatase, cathepsin D, alpha- and beta
      galactosidase, beta-B-acetylhexosaminidases, but with the exception of alpha
      fucosidase, were found to be particle bound, exhibiting high degrees of latency.
      However, active mucosal particles are polydisperase in size and density,
      sedimenting under different centrifugal forces.

PMID- 971421
TI  - Reduction by cycloheximide of lysosomal proteolytic enzyme activity and rate of
      protein degradation in organ-cultured hearts.
AB  - Cycloheximide, an agent whose primary action is inhibition of protein synthesis,
      also causes a decrease in the rate of protein degradation in cultured fetal mouse
      hearts. This is associated with marked decreases in the activities of cathespin D
      and other lysosomal hydrolases. It is suggested that reduced lysosomal
      proteolytic capacity may contribute to cycloheximide-induced inhibition of
      protein degradation.

PMID- 971422
TI  - Isolation and characterization of 6-hydroxymethylpterin as the Crithidia growth
      promoting factor from spinach chloroplasts.
AB  - 2-Amino-4-hydroxypteridine compounds were isolated as the Crithidia factor from
      spinach chloroplasts by DEAE-Sephadex A-50, DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-25, and
      thin-layer chromatography. One of the compounds was characterized as 6
      hydroxymethylpterin by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and by
      comparison with authentic specimen.

PMID- 971423
TI  - Enthalphy changes associated with the denaturation of collagens of different
      imino acid content.
AB  - The enthalpy changes associated with the denaturation of acid-soluble and
      insoluble collagens prepared from sheep, cod, halibut and pike skin were
      determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The enthalpy change associated
      with the soluble collagens decreased with decreasing imino acid content (from
      1420 cal/mol for sheep to 736 cal/mol for cod) while the value for insoluble
      collagens was approximately constant at 1360 cal/mol. A possible explanation for
      these values in terms of the nautre of the bonds present in collagen is
      discussed.

PMID- 971424
TI  - The action of proteolytic enzymes on chloroplast thylakoid membranes.
AB  - Envelope- and stroma-free thylakoid membranes of Vicia faba chloroplasts were
      incubated with trypsin or pronase for several hours. The indigestible residue was
      analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Trypsinization resulted in a
      complete digestion of all proteins with the exception of the pigment-protein
      complexes as well as a polypeptide not yet characterized. Yet, as compared with
      untreated material, Complex II was found to have higher electrophoretic mobility.
      Electron-microscopic studies illustrate that the indigestible residue still has a
      preserved membrane structure. Disintegration of the thylakoid membranes by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate followed by trypsinization also resulted in the two complexes
      while all the other proteins were found to be digested. However, after removal of
      the lipids the protein moieties of the complexes proved to be easily digestible.
      From these results it is concluded that pigment-protein interaction may be an
      important factor in maintaining a conformation rather resistant to perturbants
      and proteases. In contrast to trypsin, pronase completely digested the
      polypeptides of the thylakoid membranes including the protein moieties of the
      pigment-protein complexes leaving an amorphous lipid mass. The results support
      the assumption that the complexes are necessary to maintain the membrane
      structure.

PMID- 971425
TI  - Kinetics of permeation of nucleotide through oil/water interface in the
      interaction of nucleotide with octadecylamine and dodecyl guanidine.
AB  - The transports of tritiated ATP, ADP and AMP from the aqueous to scintillator
      phase with and without octadecylamine (or dodecyl guanidine) have been studied by
      the layered scintillation method and a theory suitable for an explanation of the
      results has been presented. (1) Transport processes were all expressed by the
      first order kinetics. (2) For the simple partitioning of ATP, the reciprocal of
      the rate constant of the backward permeation was linear with respect to the
      square of the partition coefficient. (3) For the transport of nucleotide with
      chemical reaction, the reciprocal of the rate constant of the backward permeation
      was linear against the overall partition coefficient of nucleotide. (4) A theory
      was presented on the basis of a general diffusion equation by assuming the two
      film model with potential energy near the interface. (5) The theory could explain
      the dependences of the permeation rates on the partition coefficients. (6) From
      the finding that the ratio of the apparent diffusion coefficient in aqueous to
      scintillator phase was much smaller than unity, the occurrence of an energy
      barrier at interface was suggested. For the simple partitioning of ATP, the
      energy barrier was not significant.

PMID- 971426
TI  - The binding of phenol red to rabbit renal cortex.
AB  - The binding of phenol red to the microsomal fraction of rabbit kidney cortex was
      rapid, reversible and consisted of two independent populations of binding sites:
      a high affinity and low capacity class which had an association constant of 11.29
      - 10(3) M-1 and a binding capacity of 2.41 mumol phenol red bound per g of
      protein, and a low affinity binding population with an association constant of
      0.80 - 10(3) M-1 and a maximal binding capacity of 55.06 mumol per g of protein.
      Probenecid (0.32 mM) competitively inhibited phenol red binding to only the high
      affinity binding site, whereas 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.77 mM) competitively
      inhibited phenol red binding to both the high and the low affinity population of
      binding sites. The binding of phenol red was highly sensitive to the cationic
      composition of the medium. The affinity of phenol red to the high and the low
      affinity binding populations was lowered by decreasing the sodium and potassium
      concentrations to 19 and 6 mequiv./l, respectively; however, the maximal binding
      capacity was unchanged. Calcium appeared to have no effect on the phenol red
      binding to the microsomes. All of these considerations suggest that the high
      affinity phenol red binding to the microsomal fraction may represent the
      interaction of phenol red with the physiological receptor necessary for organic
      acid transport at the peritubular membrane. Phenol red binding to the low
      affinity binding population may indicate an intracellular binding population
      which contributes to the intracellular accumulation of weak organic acids.

PMID- 971427
TI  - Interactions between anaesthetics and lipid mixtures. Amines.
AB  - The effect of a number of amine anaesthetics related to procaine on the
      temperature of lipid phase transitions has been studied using chlorophyll a as a
      fluorescence probe. The amines cause a reduction in the temperature of the phase
      transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylethanolamine and of mixtures of these lipids. The binding of charged
      amines causes a build up of positive charge on the membranes, limiting the
      binding. Incorporation of negative charge into the lipid bilayers causes a
      considerable increase in the binding of the charged amines, and the effect is
      reversed by addition of Ca2+. Anaesthesia is suggested to arise from an increase
      in the proportion of lipid in the liquid crystalline phase, resulting in a
      conformational change in the sodium channel. Effects of the tertiary amines on
      nerve conduction can be understood if the negatively charged lipid in the
      membrane is concentrated around the sodium channel: positively charged
      anaesthetics will have a greater effect when applied to the inside of a nerve
      because of the low Ca2+ concentration inside the nerve.

PMID- 971428
TI  - Carbohydrate composition of central nervous system synapses. Analysis of isolated
      synaptic junctional complexes and postsynaptic densities.
AB  - The composition of specialized structures present at synapses within the central
      nervous system was elucidated by biochemical analysis of fractions enriched in
      synaptic junctional complexes and postsynaptic densities. The results indicate
      that the synaptic junctional complex is primarily protein together with some
      glycoproteins. The synaptic junctional complex proteins are similar in amino acid
      composition to synaptic membrane proteins; they are not expecially rich in basic
      residues, as previously suggested. The major carbohydrates present in the
      synaptic junctional complex and postsynaptic density glycoproteins are mannose,
      galactose, and glucosamine, with lesser amounts of fucose, N-acetylneuraminic
      acid, and galactosamine. Comparison with the synaptic membrane fraction indicates
      that galactose is more concentrated in the synaptic  junctional complex and
      mannose in the postsynaptic density. Glucose is dramatically enriched in both
      these fractions. Sucrose binding during isolation may partially account for the
      glucose enrichment.

PMID- 971429
TI  - X-ray diffraction study of myelin structure in immature and mutant mice.
AB  - X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from freshly dissected central and
      peripheral nerves of quaking, myelin synthesis deficiency (msd), and trembler
      mutants, as well as immature and adult normal mice. The patterns were compared
      with respect to strength of myelin diffraction, background scatter level, repeat
      period, and intensity and linewidth of Bragg reflections. The deficiency of
      myelin in optic nerves was found to be (in decreasing severity): quaking greater 
      immature greater trembler approximately normal adult; and in sciatic nerves:
      trembler greater immature greater quaking greater msd approximately normal adult.
      Repeat periods about 3 A less than that for normal adult sciatic myelin were
      detected in corresponding nerves from immature, quaking, and trembler mice. In
      some trembler sciatic nerves a second phase having a 190-200 A period and
      accounting for about 60% of the total ordered myelin was also evident. Comparison
      of electron density profiles of membrane units calculated from the repeat periods
      and diffracted intensities for sciatic myelins indicate structural differences at
      the molecular level. The main findings are: (1) quaking myelin shows a
      significant elevation of density in the external protein-water layer between
      membrane bilayers; (2) the membrane bilayer of immature myelin is approximately
      equal to 2 A thinner than that for normal adult; (3) the membrane bilayer of the
      more compact phase in trembler myelin is approximately equal to 5 A thinner than
      for normal; and (4) the difference in repeat periods for the two phases present
      in some of the trembler nerves can be accounted for predominantly by distinct
      membrane bilayer separations at the external boundary.

PMID- 971430
TI  - Energetics of permeation of thin lipid membranes by ions.
AB  - The energy of an ion in a thin hydrocarbon membrane relative to its energy in a
      bulk aqueous phase is considered in terms of the electrostatic and surface
      components that may be expected to be involved. Except when diffusion activation
      energies are large compared to partition free energies, the latter will control
      permeation rate and the state of an ion having the lowest partition energy will
      be critical for its permeability. This minimum is found when an ion is surrounded
      with a thin layer of water. All ions of the same charge will tend to be at their
      lowest state in a sphere of water of the same size. It is concluded, therefore,
      that all ions of a given charge will have about the same permeability in lipid
      membranes.

PMID- 971431
TI  - Effects of unstirred layers or transport number discontinuities on the transient
      and steady-state current-voltage relationships of membranes.
AB  - The effects of current-induced electrolyte accumulation and depletion on the
      electrical properties of a two-layered membrane system have been examined. The
      membrane consisted of a charged, ion permselective layer and an uncharged, non
      selective layer. The model was designed to reveal the properties of membranes
      possessing long pores with ionic charges at one end or of ion-selective membranes
      bounded by highly unstirred aqueous layers. Electrolyte concentration profiles in
      the inert layer and their time-dependent changes were obtained from solutions of
      the diffusion equation under the condition of constant current. The profiles were
      then used to calculate the voltage developed across the membrane at various times
      after the current is switched on. The theoretical results are presented in the
      form of i-V curves with reduced coordinates that can be used to obtain time
      current-voltage relationships for membranes of the type considered having any
      thickness of the non-selective layer and bathed in any concentration of any 1:1
      electrolyte. Experimental results on a model composite membrane were in good
      agreement with calculations that assume that ion transport occurs only under the
      influence of electrical potential and concentration gradients, suggesting that in
      such systems, the combined effects of convection, osmosis, electro-osmosis, and
      concentration-dependence of diffusion coefficients, activity coefficients, and
      transference numbers are small. Voltage fluctuations in the form of periodic
      spikes were observed experimentally at the limiting current density (the current
      density at which the electrolyte concentration at one surface of the selective
      layer goes to 0). These phenomena were not seen when the current was in the
      direction leading to accumulation of electrolyte in the non-selective (unstirred)
      layer. Such composite membranes can exhibit S-shaped and N-shaped i-V curves
      under ramp-voltage and ramp-current clamps, respectively.

PMID- 971432
TI  - Phospholipid phase transitions. Effects of n-alcohols, n-monocarboxylic acids,
      phenylalkyl alcohols and quaternary ammonium compounds.
AB  - The interactions of a series of alcohols, acids and quaternary ammonium salts
      with a phosphatidylcholine-water model biomembrane (dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidycholine) system have been studied using differential scanning
      calorimetry. In particular the effects of these molecules upon the lipid
      endothermic phase transitions were investigated over a range of concentrations. A
      variety of effects was observed. (a) Those molecules which shift or broaden the
      main lipid transition can also remove the pretransition endotherm. (b) n-Alcohols
      and n-monocarboxylic acids containing the same number of carbon atoms have very
      similar effects at molar concentrations up to 40%. Those molecules containing 12
      or more carbon atoms raise the main lipid phase transition whilst those molecules
      containing 10 or less carbon atoms lower this transition temperature. (c) The
      phase diagram of stearoyl alcohol in the phosphatidylcholine-water system shows
      the formation of lipid-alcohol complexes. (d) Alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides
      showed behaviour which differs considerably from n-alcohols and n-carboxylic
      acids of the same chain length. (e) Other alkyltrialkyl and tetraalkylammonium
      bromides show that a variety of effects on the lipid phase transition can be
      obtained. (f) With the homologous series of phenyl-alkyl alcohols from benzyl
      alcohol to 4-phenyl butanol increasing the number of methylenes between the
      terminal OH and the benzene ring leads to greater interaction between solute and
      bilayer. The range of different effects obtained with the compounds studied
      offers a means for introducing various degrees and types of perturbation into
      membrane systems.

PMID- 971433
TI  - Studies on membrane fusion. I. Interactions of pure phospholipid membranes and
      the effect of myristic acid, lysolecithin, proteins and dimethylsulfoxide.
AB  - The interaction and mixing of membrane components in sonicated unilamellar
      vesicles and also non-sonicated multilamellar vesicles prepared from highly
      purified phospholipids suspended in NaCl solutions has been examined. Electron
      microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the
      extent and kinetics of mixing of membrane components between different vesicle
      populations. No appreciable fusion was detected between populations of non
      sonicated phospholipid vesicles incubated in aqueous salt (NaCl) solutions.
      Mixing of vesicle membrane components via diffusion of phospholipid molecules
      between vesicles was observed in populations of negatively charged
      phosphatidylglycerol vesicles but similar exchange diffusion was not detected in
      populations of neutral phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Incubation of sonicated
      vesicle populations at temperatures close to or above the phospholipid transition
      temperature resulted in an increase in vesicle size and mixing of vesicle
      membrane components as determined by a gradual change in the thermotropic
      properties of the mixed vesicle population. The interaction of purified
      phospholipid vesicles was also examined in the presence of myristic acid and
      lysolecithin. Our results indicate that while these agents enhance mixing of
      vesicle membrane components, in most cases mixing probably proceeds via diffusion
      of phospholipid molecules rather than by fusion of entire vesicles. Increased
      mixing of vesicle membrane components was also produced when vesicles were
      prepared containing a purified hydrophobic protein (myelin proteolipid
      apoprotein) or were incubated in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide. In these two
      systems, however, the evidence suggests that mixing of membrane components
      results from the fusion of entire vesicles.

PMID- 971434
TI  - The transport of calcium and sodium ions across bilayers induced by neutral
      synthetic ligands used in specific electrodes.
AB  - Neutral synthetic ligands of calcium and sodium which enter into the liquid
      membrane composition of the selective electrodes of these ions have been
      incorporated within the bilayer. The membrane conductance measured shows that
      each of these two ligands behave as ion carriers for calcium or sodium ions. The
      selectivities with respect to the other alcaline or alcaline earth ions are
      similar to those observed by potentiometric measurements with thick liquid
      membrane selective electrodes.

PMID- 971435
TI  - Effects of cholera toxin on cellular and paracellular sodium fluxes in rabbit
      ileum.
AB  - The diarrhea observed in patients with cholera is known to be related to
      secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen. However, the exact
      mechanisms involved in these secretory processes have remained unclear. Although
      it is clear that purified toxin acts on epithelial cell metabolism, its activity
      on Na+ transport across intestinal mucosa is equivocal: reported either to
      prevent net Na+ absorption or to cause net secretion of Na+ from serosa to
      mucosa. Since total transmural Na+ fluxes across "leaky" epithelia involve very
      significant movement via a paracellular shunt pathway, we studied the effects of
      cholera toxin on the cellular and paracellular pathways of Na+ movement.
      Unidirectional Na+ fluxes were examined as functions of applied potential in
      control tissues and in tissues from the same animal treated with purified cholera
      toxin. Treatment of rabbit ileum in vitro with toxin simulated the cellular
      component of serosa-to-mucosa Na+ flux (from 2.41 +/- 0.49 muequiv./h per cm2
      under control conditions to 4.71 +/- 0.43 muequiv./h per cm2 after treatment with
      toxin, P less than 0.01). The effect of cholera toxin on Na+ movement through the
      cells from mucosa to serosa appeared to be insignificant. Finally, a marked
      decrease in the Na+ permeability (P less than 0.01) and no detectable significant
      changes in transference number for Na+ of the paracellular shunt pathway were
      observed following treatment with cholera toxin. These results provide direct
      evidence for the hypothesis that purified cholera toxin stimulates active sodium
      secretion but has minimal effect on sodium absorption.

PMID- 971436
TI  - On the susceptibility of human platelets to aggregation by concanavalin A and the
      effect of this lectin on their response to ADP.
AB  - Concanavalin A aggregated gel-filtered platelets in 0.9% NaCl solution signifying
      cross-bridging by the lectin. Aggregation of these platelets by concanavalin A
      was temperature dependent; it did not occur at 0-4 degrees C unless the platelets
      were previously trypsinized. The level of aggregation of trypsinized platelets by
      concanavalin A at 0-4 degrees C was similar to that of untreated platelets at 37
      degrees C. It is suggested that trypsin facilitates platelet aggregation by
      concanavalin A at 0-4 degrees C by causing a configurational change in membrane
      glycoproteins which orientates concanavalin A receptor sites into positions that
      favour lectin cross-bridging. Concanavalin A failed to aggregate platelets in
      plasma. Radioisotope studies showed that the amount of [3H]concanavalin A which
      combined with platelets in plasma was extremely low compared with gel-filtered
      platelets in saline. The aggregation of Ehrlich ascites cells by concanavalin A
      was considerably reduced when platelet-free plasma was added to the medium
      suggesting that it was due to the presence of concanavalin A-reactive components
      in the plasma. Concanavalin A inhibited the ADP-induced aggregation of platelets
      suspended in plasma or in a salts solution supplemented with calcium and
      fibrinogen, although the inhibitory effect was more conspicuous in the latter
      case. The results suggests that concanavalin A produces its inhibitory effect on
      ADP-induced platelet aggregation by interacting with membrane glycoproteins, and
      this further suggests their involvement in aggregation.

PMID- 971437
TI  - The thermodynamic degree of coupling between metabolism and sodium transport in
      frog skin.
AB  - The tightness of coupling between two processes is advantageously evaluated by
      the thermodynamic degree of coupling q, varying in absolute value from zero for
      uncoupled processes to unity for processes which are related stoichiometrically.
      Two methods for the determination of q in the active pathway in frog skin have
      been developed, employing amiloride to abolish active sodium transport. The
      values of q in 6 frog skins varied, but were always less than unity (mean 0.79 +/
      0.06 S.E. according to one method, 0.78 +/- 0.06 S.E. according to the other).
      This indicates that metabolism and sodium transport are incompletely coupled in
      this tissue even when passive transepithelial leakage pathways are taken into
      account.

PMID- 971438
TI  - Cell membrane fluidity: molecular modeling of particle aggregations seen in
      electron microscopy.
AB  - The first simulation of the fluid mosaic model is reported. Intra-membrane
      particles, initially "placed" randomly in a membrane with fluid properties, are
      allowed to diffuse in the plane of the membrane and to interact with one another,
      in a model using molecular parameters. The resulting particle aggregates are very
      similar to those observed in freeze-fracture electron microscopy.

PMID- 971439
TI  - Patterns of gastritis in alcoholics.

PMID- 971440
TI  - [Non-gastrinic gastrosecretagogue factor from hog antral mucosa and pancreas:
      comparison with hypoxanthine (author's transl)].

PMID- 971441
TI  - [Electromyography of the sphincter of Oddi on the rabbit. II. Action of vagotomy,
      hexamethonium and alcohol (author's transl)].

PMID- 971443
TI  - Goddard, basic science, and medicine.

PMID- 971442
TI  - [Digestive hormones: fiction and reality].

PMID- 971444
TI  - A.E. Bennett Award Paper. A kinetic analysis of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
      excretion from rat brain and csf.
AB  - Studies of neurotransmitter kinetics based on intraventricular injections of
      radio-labeled metabolites have been limited by several problems, including the
      inability of most investigators to recover more than 45% of the infected isotope
      from brain homogenates within several minutes after the injection...

PMID- 971445
TI  - Bipolar course in schizo-affective illness.
AB  - The authors undertook a chart review to examine the use of the diagnosis of
      schizophrenia, schizo-affective type, in clinical practice. Of 27 patients given
      this diagnosis over a 3-year period, 13 were found to have evidence of bipolar
      course in their illnesses. For both the bipolar and unipolar groups, the most
      striking finding in first-degree relatives was the prominence of affective
      conditions. The bipolar group had a statistically significant earlier age for
      first psychiatric treatment and previous number of hospitalizations. Symptoms
      noted on admission were mostly affective, and the schizophrenic symptoms reported
      were noted by authors to be considered overinclusive or unreliable by many
      clinicians. Both groups received treatment with antipsychotic and antidepressant
      medication. Six of 13 bipolar patients and no unipolar patients were treated with
      lithium carbonate. Five bipolar patients met research criteria of Feighner et al.
      (1972) for primary affective illness and another met the criteria for
      schizophreniform illness. One unipolar patient met criteria for probable primary
      affective illness and another met the criteria for probable schizophreniform
      illness. The authors concluded that the diagnosis of schizo-affective illness, as
      used in day to day clinical practice, does not identify a group of schizophrenic
      patients nor a homogeneous patient group, and when both affective and
      schizophrenic features appear in a patient with a bipolar illness, the diagnosis
      of manic-depressive illness, not schizophrenia, should be given first
      consideration.

PMID- 971446
TI  - Visibility of the nailfold plexus and heredity.
AB  - The parents of 37 normal healthy teenagers selected on the basis of nailfold
      capillary patterns (16 low-plexus children and 21 high-plexus children) were
      examined by capillary microscopy and rated "blindly" for plexus visualization
      scores (PVS). The hypothesis that high PVS is a hereditary trait transmitted as a
      monogenic autosomal dominant is supported by these data. The additional
      hypothesis that the high PVS may be associated with a higher social class is also
      confirmed in this sample. The transmission of high PVS in schizophrenics, where
      it is frequently observed in association with more serious features of this
      disease, appears to follow the same mode of inheritance as in normal subjects.
      The importance of detecting a biological hereditary characteristic which appears
      to have a modifying effect on the schizophrenic process is emphasized.

PMID- 971447
TI  - 14C-homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients after
      intravenous 14C-L-dopa.
AB  - Six patients with Parkinson's disease and five controls were premedicated with
      probenecid and the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-methyldopathydrazine
      (Carbidopa) before intravenous administration of 50 muc of 14C-L-dopa in tracer
      quantity. Seven-and-one-half hours later lumbar CSF was obtained. 14C
      homovanillic acid (HVA), a major metabolite of brain dopamine, was isolated by
      thin-layer chromatography and measured. The statistically significant positive
      correlation between endogenous HVA and 14C-HVA in the entire patient group and
      the slightly lower values of endogenous HVA and 14C-HVA in the CSF of the
      parkinsonians support the assumption that the concentration of HVA in the CSF
      after probenecid treatment reflects brain dopamine turnover. Measurement of
      labeled HVA here seems to have little advantage over measurement of endogenous
      HVA alone.

PMID- 971448
TI  - CSF acid monoamine metabolities as a possible reflection of central MAO activity
      in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 971449
TI  - The twisted molecule is not the twisted thought.

PMID- 971450
TI  - Effects of changes in carbon dioxide tension in abnormally prolonged contingent
      negative variation (CNV).
AB  - The effects of changes in pCO2 in the development and resolution of normal
      (return to base line within 2 sec after S2) and abnormal (return to base line in
      more than 2 sec after S2) CNVs were studied. Decreased pCO2 produced by
      hyperventilation induced a significant reduction in the duration of the post
      imperative negative variation (PINV) without significantly affecting the
      amplitude of the CNV. Increased pCO2, by inhalation of 5% CO2, on the contrary,
      produced prolongation of the PINV in two subjects. Control subjects with normal
      CNVs did not show significant changes in the amplitude or in the duration of the
      CNV wave when pCO2 was altered. The results are discussed in terms of the
      possible independence and higher sensitivity to metabolic changes of the PINV
      brain generators compared with the generators of the CNV wave per se.

PMID- 971451
TI  - Diagnostic implications of the B-mitten EEG pattern: relationship to primary and
      secondary affective dysregulation.
AB  - Previous studies indicate that the B-Mitten EEG pattern is specific to
      psychiatric dysfunction and rarely encountered among normal control subjects. Our
      previous investigations have demonstrated a significant relationship between
      mittens and reactive as opposed to process schizophrenic disease. Re-analyses of
      mitten incidence in schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics suggests needed
      modification of our earlier B-Mitten-schizophrenia formulation. Present
      considerations indicate that the B-Mitten-reactive schizophrenia association is
      not primary but rather that the differential process-reactive schizophrenia
      mitten incidence may be a secondary epiphenomenon reflecting a more fundamental
      underlying process. Analyses are presented suggesting that the mitten dysrhythmia
      relates positively to dysphoric affective dysregulation in a manner which cuts
      across broad diagnostic boundaries. That the mitten pattern possibly suggests as
      yet unclarified subcortical dysfunction associated with symptoms of affective
      disturbance is a tentative hypothesis offered for consideration.

PMID- 971452
TI  - Electrophoretic pattern of red blood cell catechol-o-methyltransferase in
      schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness.
AB  - Human red blood cell (RBC) catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) was analyzed by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). One major enzyme band (B) is observed
      after electrophoresis. In addition, a minor band (A) of COMT activity comprising
      no more than 25% of the total activity, is also detectable. The rate of migration
      during electrophoresis of both bands of RBC COMT was the same in manic
      depressive, schizophrenic, and normal individuals. These results did not reveal
      genetic variations in the COMT molecule among these three groups. Furthermore,
      when total RBC COMT was measured there were no statistically significant
      differences between schizophrenic, manic-depressive, and control individuals.

PMID- 971453
TI  - Inherited differences of brain and erythrocyte soluble catechol-o
      methyltransferase activity in two mouse strains.

PMID- 971454
TI  - Components of respiratory depression after narcotic premedication in adolescents.
AB  - The effects of narcotics on ventilatory control were assessed in 13 adolescents
      and young adults. Both a narcotic and narcotic-phenothiazine significantly
      depressed the CO2 response curve. Using an occlusion pressure technique (Pm100)
      to evaluate those neuromuscular processes that generate forces acting on the
      ventilatory pump, it was found that narcotic agents reduced neuromuscular drive.
      In most subjects, narcotics had an additional action that contributed to the
      overall ventilatory depression. Using carbon dioxide to vary neuromuscular drive
      before and after drug administration at constant levels of neuromuscular drive
      the drugs reduced tidal-volume responsiveness of the pump. We conclude that
      narcotics impair ventilation through a combination of two effects; first, reduced
      neuromuscular drive, most probably due to central depression, and second,
      increased impedance of the ventilatory pump, most probably due to a decrease in
      chest-wall compliance.

PMID- 971455
TI  - Comparison of etidocaine and lidocaine for obstetrical analgesia.
AB  - Etidocaine, a relatively new local anaesthetic agent, is compared with lidocaine
      for use in epidural anaesthesia for vaginal delivery. The parameters compared
      were quality of anaesthesia, dose of drug, onset and regression of sensory
      blockade, complete degree of motor blockade, effect on maternal blood pressure,
      and foetal Apgar scores at one and five minutes. The major differences between
      the drugs are the lower percentage of satisfactory anaesthesia with etidocaine,
      the much greater variability in the time of onset of complete sensory block with
      etidocaine as compared to lidocaine, the more profound motor block with
      etidocaine, and the slightly longer duration of action of this drug. It is
      concluded that etidocaine has no real place in epidural anaesthesia for
      obstetrics.

PMID- 971456
TI  - Toxicity following methoxyflurane anaesthesia. IV. The role of obesity and the
      effect of low dose anaesthesia on fluoride metabolism and renal function.
AB  - Seven obese and five normal weight patients were studied before, during and after
      one hour of methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia during peripheral surgical
      operations and compared with eight patients of normal weight anaesthetized with
      nitrous oxide-meperidine and d-tubocurare. Estimates were made of renal function,
      including serum and urinary electrolytes, osmolarity, uric acid, urea and
      creatinine. Renal clearances for the latter three substances were also
      calculated. Serum and urinary inorganic and organic fluoride concentrations were
      measured, as were renal clearances. This low dose methoxyflurane anaesthesia
      resulted only in a decrease in uric acid clearance among all the measures, when
      compared to the meperidine-nitrous oxide controls. The clearance of uric acid
      remained depressed for longer in the obese patients, but otherwise they did not
      differ from the normal weight patients. It is possible but not proven that
      depressed uric acid clearance may be related to the organic fluoride metabolite
      and an early indicator of methoxyflurane renal toxicity. The previously
      documented biotransformation of methoxyflurane was seen in this study. A double
      peak in serum inorganic fluoride was shown in all patients but one. Rather large
      differences in peak levels of serum inorganic fluoride occurred. The only
      significant difference between the obese and normal weight patients as far as
      fluoride metabolism was concerned was a greater variability in the serum
      inorganic fluoride levels in the obese patients. It would appear that the obese
      patient metabolizes methoxyflurane in a quantitatively if not qualitatively
      different fashion than the normal weight patient, perhaps because of fatty
      infiltration of the liver. Caution is advised in the use of methoxyflurane for
      more than 90 minutes of low concentration administration in view of the
      unpredictability of the biotransformation.

PMID- 971457
TI  - Effect of anaesthesia and surgery on blood sugar and carbohydrate tolerance in
      African children.
AB  - The effect of pre-operative starvation, anaesthesia and surgery on blood sugar
      levels and the handling of carbohydrate load during operation were studied in 28
      Nigerian children between 2 months and 15 years of age. (1) Age and body weight
      were important factors influencing the relationship between duration of pre
      operative fast and the pre-induction blood sugar level in children. Hypoglycaemic
      values occurred in 7 per cent of the subjects studied although none was
      clinically hypoglycaemic. (2) Halothane anaesthesia alone did not affect blood
      sugar levels but relaxant anaesthesia in this study caused significant rise of
      blood sugar. (3) There was a marked hyperglycaemic response to surgery and
      handling of glucose load during operation was significantly poorer than before
      operation.

PMID- 971458
TI  - [Etomidate: cardiovascular effects of a new intravenous anesthetic agent].
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of intravenous Etomidate (0.2 mg/kg) were studied in
      14 surgical patients with ages varying from 49 to 90. The anaesthetic induction
      occurs within 10 seconds and the mean duration of anaesthesia is from 6 to 8
      minutes. I.V. Etomidate causes a slight lowering of the mean arterial pressure
      (8.5 per cent), a negligible increase of the heart rate (2.8 per cent) and an
      insignificant lowering of the mean pulmonary artery pressure (7 per cent).
      Cardiac output and stroke volume are respectively lowered by 7.6 per cent and 10
      per cent. The peripheral vascular resistance is discreetly reduced by 3.8 per
      cent. From these results, we believe that Etomidate seems to induce sleep with
      the lightest hemodynamic disturbances in comparison with other agents commonly
      used. However, some undesirable side effects appeared in some of our patients
      which can become somewhat annoying, for example myoclonic movements and pain at
      the point of injection.

PMID- 971459
TI  - Enflurane (Ethrane) and isoflurane (Forane): a comparison with nine general
      anaesthetics administered with passive hyperventilation.

PMID- 971460
TI  - Ten cases of malignant hyperthermia in Norway.
AB  - Data are presented on ten cases of anaesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia in
      Norway. Seven of the patients died, three recovered. The fatal cases were all
      boys in the age group 11-20 years. This age and sex distribution suggests that
      puberty with the increase in androgens is a precipitating factor in malignant
      hyperthermia. One of the victims who survived was a 4 1/2-year-old
      pseudohermaphrodite girl with the adrenogenital syndrome. The coincidence of
      malignant hyperthermia in a patient with such a rare syndrome points to the
      excessive formation of androgens in patients with this syndrome as a predisposing
      factor. The indications for surgery were traumatic injuries in five cases,
      congenital abnormalities in three and appendicitis in two cases. These conditions
      in themselves may cause an increased sensitivity to suxamethonium. One patient
      received only hexobarbitone, halothane and suxamethonium. After the last drug jaw
      rigidity and temperature rise to 41.3 degrees C prompted the anaesthetist to end
      the anaesthetic. The fact that the patient survived proves that suxamethonium
      induced jaw rigidity is valuable as a warning. The absence of cardiovascular
      depression after procaine 3.5 g in one patient is ascribed to the correction of
      acidosis at the time of infusion of this drug. It is suggested that procaine
      should be withheld until other measures such as cooling, correction of acidosis
      and steroid therapy have been tried.

PMID- 971461
TI  - The inflation-catheter technique of ventilation during laryngoscopy.
AB  - Over the past three years the inflation-catheter technique (ICT) of controlled
      ventilation during general anaesthesia has proved a safe and useful method for
      use with laryngoscopy and other trans-oral endoscopies (most notably flexible
      fiberoptic bronchoscopy). The ICT allows full control of the patient's airway for
      the anaesthetist and exceptionally good exposure for the surgeon. In this
      technique ventilation of the patient is accomplished by intermittent high flow
      (10 ml/kg/sec) inflation of the lungs through a small (2 to 6 mm diameter)
      plastic orotracheal catheter. The inflation-catheter is stiffened by fixation of
      an intralumenal wire. Exhalation is passive around the catheter through the open
      airway. The Inflation Catheter Technique is readily adaptable for patients
      ranging from large adults to small babies by variation of catheter sizes. It can
      be used safely with nitrous oxide-oxygen as the ventilating gas(i.e., Bird N2O/O2
      Blender) since air entrainment is not a feature. It is also readily adaptable for
      use with mechanical ventilation (i.e., Wolf Injectomat).

PMID- 971462
TI  - A latex bag tonometer for determining the anaesthetic blood/gas partition
      coefficient.
AB  - Many techniques for measurement of the tissue/gas partition coefficient are
      valid. Each has specific advantages and shortcomings. All the methods require
      suitable analytic equipment and means for controlling temperature. The
      disadvantages of a particular technique, the ability to cope with them and the
      availability of the necessary apparatus are the determining factors in choosing
      the best method. The latex bag tonometer has a precision and ease which compares
      favourably with previously described techniques for measuring anaesthetic
      blood/gas partition coefficients. The technique was successfully used to show the
      effect of in vivo haemodilution on the halothane blood/gas partition coefficient.

PMID- 971463
TI  - The selective extraction of histones from rye chromatin.
AB  - The selective extraction of histones from rye chromatin was studied using three
      different methods. Extractions with NaCl-phosphate buffers at pH5.5 gave results
      similar to those already obtained with other types of chromatin. Histone H1 was
      selectively extracted with 0.6 M NaCl-0.001 M PO4, while the selectivity of
      dissociation of the other fractions was reduced at higher NaCl concentrations.
      The use of phosphate-urea buffers at pH5.5 also revealed that the histones were
      dissociated at the same concentrations as were calf thymus histones. Histone H1
      was extracted with 0.5 M PO4-1 M urea; H1, H2A, and H2B were extracted with 0.8 M
      PO4-2 M urea; and all histones were removed with 0.8 M PO4-5.3 M urea. It was,
      however, observed that the dissociated rye histones H2A and H2B were unstable in
      these buffers. This instability was maximum in the presence of 3 M urea, where
      both histones were absent from the extracted proteins and the residual
      nucleoproteins. Finally, a solution of 30% ethanol-0.35 M NaCl-6 M urea produced
      a rye nucleoprotein fraction containing only histone H1.

PMID- 971464
TI  - GM1-ganglioside and lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase from rabbit brain:
      inhibitor and substrate competition studies.
AB  - A rabbit brain beta-galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of synthetic
      substrates and the natural substrates Gm1-ganglioside, lactosylceramide, and
      asialo-Gm1-ganglioside. gamma-D-Galactonolactone competitively inhibited
      hydrolysis of Gm1-ganglioside, lactosylceramide, and MU-galactoside with Ki
      values of 0.26 mM, 0.13 mM, and 0.77 mM, respectively. From activity plots
      comparing the degree of inhibition to the inhibitor concentration, a single
      binding site for each substrate was found. NP-Galactoside inhibited the
      hydrolysis of Gm1-ganglioside and lactosylceramide, where as Gm1-ganglioside
      inhibited lactosylceramide hydrolysis. At low substrate concentrations (less than
      1 mM), Gm1-ganglioside was hydrolyzed effectively in the presence of NP
      galactoside, but at higher concentrations hydrolysis of the latter was preferred.
      Chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and iodoacetate were effective inhibitors of the
      enzyme, but N-ethylmaleimide was not. The degree of inhibition with
      chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid was different for each substrate. At 0.5 mugM
      chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, all activity towards NP-galactoside, 75%
      towards lactosylceramide, and 25% of the Gm1-ganglioside activity was lost. Two
      possible models are presented to explain these results. The data favour the
      presence of multiple active sites in the enzyme.

PMID- 971465
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of C40 carotenes by cell-free preparation from Halobacterium
      cutirubrum.
AB  - [14C]Mevalonate or (14C)isopentenyl pyrophosphate was found to be converted to
      transphytoene, trans-phytofluene, lycopene, and beta-carotene by a cell-free 270
      000 X g supernatant fraction prepared from Halobacterium cutirubrum cells that
      were broken by manual grinding with glass beads. Incubations were done under N2
      in the dark at 37 degrees C in 4 M NaCl in presence of FAD, NADP, and MgCl2; ATP
      was also added when mevalonate was the substrate. This system was also capable of
      converting trans-(14C)phytoene to beta-carotene via the intermediates trans
      phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene, lycopene, and gamma-carotene. Each of
      these labelled intermediates on incubation separately with the same enzyme system
      was shown to be converted to the intermediates farther down the pathway. The
      results of this study show that the biosynthetic pathway for the formation of C40
      carotenes in H. cutirubrum proceeds as follows: isopentenyl pyrophosphate leads
      to trans-phytoene leads to trans-phytofluene leads to zeta-carotene leads to
      neurosporene leads to lycopene leads to gamma-carotene leads to beta-carotene.
      This pathway differs from that in higher plants in that the cis isomers of
      phytoene and phytofluene are not on the main pathway of carotene biosynthesis, as
      they are in higher plants. Furthermore, trans-phytoene, which has not been
      reported to have any role in higher plants, appears to be the main intermediate
      in carotene biosynthesis in H. cutirubrum.

PMID- 971466
TI  - Effect of nicotine on biosynthesis of C50 carotenoids in Halobacterium
      cutirubrum.
AB  - The major carotenoids in pigmented extreme halophiles are the hydroxylated C50
      red pigments bacterioruberin (major, 84%) and monoanhydrobacterioruberin (minor,
      14%). When cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum were grown in the presence of
      nicotine they accumulated lycopene and bisanhydrobacterioruberin; maximal
      accumulation (80% lycopene, 20% bisanhydrobacterioruberin) occurred at 3mM
      nicotine. Removal of nicotine resulted in the reformation of
      monoanhydrobacterioruberin and bacterioruberin at the expense of lycopene and
      bisanhydrobacterioruberin. Thus nicotine does not inhibit the addition of the two
      extra isoprene units plus two hydroxyl groups (at C1 and C1') to a C40 carotenoid
      skeleton. It does, however, inhibit the hydration steps at C3'' and C3''' that
      convert bisanhydrobacterioruberin to monoanhydrobacterioruberin and finally
      bacterioruberin. These results support the view that the C50 carotenoids can be
      formed from a C40 carotene, lycopene.

PMID- 971467
TI  - Reduction of pulsatile hydraulic power in the pulmonary circultation caused by
      moderate vasoconstriction.
AB  - Vascular input impedance and associated hydraulic power was measured in rabbit
      isolated lungs. The study was focused on changes in impedance and in pulsatile
      hydraulic power during relaxation and contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
      Pulsatile power was found to be at a minimum when smooth muscle tone was such
      that the pulmonary arterial pressure was in the physiological range, and
      increased both when the vessels were relaxed and further constricted. Input
      impedance was found to be determined mainly by the large, proximal ('extra
      alveolar') arteries.

PMID- 971468
TI  - Myocardial contractile reserve and indices of contractility.
AB  - A close examiniation of several indices of contractility derived from the
      ventricular pressure was made using an isolated canine heart preparation. The
      repsonses to single intracoronary injections of calcium chloride as well as to
      increasing doses of this agent were tested. From the latter, calcium dose
      transient-response curves intended to reveal the extent of myocardial/contractile
      reserve were constructed. Indices included various extrapolations to maximal
      velocity of shortening at zero load, maximal value of the quotient of the first
      derivative and ventricular pressure, time-tension index, energy averaged power
      density, and power averaged rate of generation of power density. Indices were
      compared over the same cardiac cycles before and after administration of calcium.
      Most indices showed increments from 10 to 20%, except power density functions
      which had increments of 40 and 70%, respectively. Calcium dose-response curves
      were linear for most indices, but, again, the power density functions showed the
      steepest slopes. After severe coronary occlusion, the curves for most indices
      flattened and lost linearity and, presumably, this was due to loss of myocardial
      contractile reserve. For milder occlusions, only the power density functions
      showed significant flattening. The conceptual framework of a contractile
      myocardial reserve appears supported by these results.

PMID- 971469
TI  - Influence of procainamide on sodium and potassium exchange and permeabilities in
      cultured human cells.
AB  - The effect of procainamide on membrane cation exchange was investigated using
      monolayer cultures of Girardi heart cells. The initial effect of procainamide
      (10(-6) to 10(-3) mol/litre) was to produce a prompt reduction of the passive Na
      influx, dose-dependent along a sigmoid log dose-response curve. This effect was
      complete within 3 min and thereafter showed no further time-dependent increase.
      Mean passive Na influx (pmol-cm-2/s) decreased from 19.1 to 17.7 (P less than
      0.05) and 10.4 (P less than 0.001) in 10(-5) and 10(-3) mol/litre procainamide,
      respectively. No effect on active Na extrusion was noted before 3 min following
      exposure to the drug, after which time it progressively declined reaching a
      minimum value for each concentration by 6 min and remaining at this level
      throughout a further 60 min exposure. For each concetnration this minimum value
      was similar to the Na influx measured under identical conditions. Na-coupled
      active K influx showed a parallel pattern of inhibition. K efflux was not
      decreased until approximately 20 min following exposure to the drug, but once
      present the reduction was similar in magnitude to that in the correspondingly
      measured K influx. Kinetic flux analysis revealed a decrease in both PNa and PK
      but indicated a greater effect on PNa. The results suggest that all of the above
      effects could be explained on the basis of one direct action of the drug, namely,
      the prompt initial decrease in PNa and Na influx. All other effects noted, both
      active and passive, could then be secondary to this phenomenon.

PMID- 971470
TI  - Progressive reduction in norepinephrine overflow during cardiac sympathetic nerve
      stimulation in the anaesthetized dog.
AB  - The left ansa subclavia was stimulated at supramaximal intensity at a frequency
      of Hz in open-chest, anaesthetized dogs for periods of about 10 min. Arterial
      blood pressure, myocardial contractile force, and coronary sinus blood flow
      reached peak values after 1 or 2 min of stimulation, and then declined gradually
      throughout the remainder of stimulation. In hearts that averaged 159 +/- 10 (SEM)
      g, the norepinephrine (NE) overflow rose to a peak value of 470 +/- 128 ng/min at
      the end of 1 min of sympathetic stimulation in the control animals. By the 10th
      min of stimulation, the NE overflow had diminished to 97 +/- 24 ng/min. In
      animals pretreated with cocaine (5 mg/kg) or with phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg), the
      peak NE overflow rates were 288 +/- 62 and 980 +/- 148 mg/min, respectively, and
      the rate of NE overflow declined to levels of 104 +/- 39 and 128 +/- 30 ng/min,
      respectively by the 10th min of stimulation. Since there was a profound,
      progressive diminution in the rate of NE overflow during sustained cardiac
      sympathetic stimulation regardless of whether or not NE reuptake was suppressed,
      it is concluded that the reduction in NE overflow reflects a curtailment of
      neuronal release of NE rather than an acceleration of reuptake.

PMID- 971471
TI  - On-line computation of cardiac output with the thermodilution method, using a
      digital minicomputer.
AB  - In the present study, several techniques for calculating cardiac output were
      evaluated in order to find an accurate technique suitable for on-line digital
      computation. The thermodilution method was evaluated by different calculation
      techniques and by comparing these techniques with electromagnetic flowmeter
      values. Comparison of thermal dilution curves, manually calculated by the log
      normal and the exponential assumption, showed a correlation coefficient of 0.978
      between the two methods, the former values being 11% higher. The exponential
      method correlated very well with the technique, using a correction factor for
      injection errors (r = 0.999). Since the exponential technique correlated well
      with the electromagnetic values (r = 0.84) and since it was less complicated than
      the technique, using correction factors, this technique was chosen for
      automation. Comparison of exponential calculated thermodilution values with a
      digital computer and manually, showed a correlation coefficient of 0.991.
      Therefore, it was concluded that on-line computation of thermodilution curves
      improves the applicability of the termodilution techniques as a means of
      measuring cardiac output.

PMID- 971472
TI  - Reflection in the systemic arterial system: effects of aortic and carotid
      occlusion.
AB  - Experiments were performed in seven closed-chest anaesthetized male dogs to
      determine the role of pulse wave reflection in the pattern of flow and pressure
      in the ascending aorta. Ten days after implantation of an electromagnetic flow
      transducer around the ascending aorta a balloon catheter was placed in the
      descending aorta via the femoral arteries. At the same time a tip manometer was
      introduced into the ascending aorta. Aortic occlusions at three different sites
      caused pressure pulses with secondary systolic rises and flow pulses with
      biphasic deceleration. Secondary rises occurred 45 +/- 9.0 ms after the initial
      pressure rise for high aortic occlusion; this time was 75 +/- 8.5 ms for
      occlusion at the level of the diaphragm and 114 +/- 16.5 ms for occlusion near
      the level of the renal arteries. These times approximate the times in which the
      pulse travels from the tip manometer to the inflated balloons and back. Forward
      and reflected pressure and flow waves were calculated from reflection
      coefficients. Aortic occlusion caused larger reflected waves and the recorded
      wave forms were caused by the summation of forward and backward waves, the latter
      contributing the secondary pressure rise and the increased flow deceleration.
      Occlusion of both carotid arteries showed no specific reflection site but
      reflected waves were larger. This increased reflection can probably be explained
      as the result of greater total reflection from distributed sites under increased
      peripheral resistance.

PMID- 971473
TI  - Effect of ischaemia on overdrive suppression in isolated, blood-perfused atrial
      preparations of dogs.
AB  - The magnitude of overdrive suppression of the SA nodal pacemaker activity was
      markedly influenced by its ischaemia which was produced by occlusion of the
      perfusion tubing close to the sinus node artery in the in-situ and isolated
      canine sino-atrial node preparations. In all isolated preparations, postdrive
      suppression was significantly augmented after occlusion of the perfusion system
      for at least 120 seconds. It is concluded that total ischaemia depresses sino
      atrial node function in the atropinized canine heart and that postdrive
      suppression is a good index of such impaired function.

PMID- 971474
TI  - Controls of ventricular contractility assessed by pressure-volume ration, Emax.
AB  - The present study on canine left ventricles showed that Emax which we previously
      proposed as a good index of both ventricular contractility and its pumping
      capability, decreased from 2.06 to 1.38 kPa/ml (15.5 to 10.4 mmHg/ml) via the
      sino-aortic baroreceptor reflex. Cerebral ischaemic response increased Emax to
      3.83 kPa/ml (28.8 mmHg/ml). Emax decreased to 1.17 kPa/ml (8.8 mmHg/ml) after
      cardiac denervation.

PMID- 971475
TI  - Protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen for the temporary ischaemic myocardium.
      Macroscopic and histological data.
AB  - A protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen immediately after reopening of occluded
      coronary blood flow for the temporary ischaemic myocardial muscle was studied.
      Thirty dogs were used in this study, and 20 dogs were sacrificed after 4 h and 10
      dogs were sacrificed after 5 d. Temporary occlusion of coronary artery (from 30
      min to 2 h) was produced by ligation. One group were controls and the other group
      were a hyperbaric group in which dogs breathed 100% oxygen at an absolute
      pressure of 2 atmospheres before and after release of coronary ligation. The
      macroscopic extent of ischaemic area was studied by using nitroblue tetrazolium
      and microscopic and ECG findings were examined. By breathing oxygen at high
      pressure immediately after reopening of occluded coronary blood flow, the
      ischaemic area was markedly reduced. In such cases, some myocardial muscles
      around the arterioles and sinusoids, even when these vessels existed in the
      ischaemic area, were kept in a viable state. The repair of necrotic myocardial
      muscles was promoted histologically. Serious arrhythmia, especially ventricular
      fibrillation, was also well suppressed, and the stable haemodynamic conditions
      were obtained during operative procedures. No harmful side effects of hyperbaric
      oxygen were observed. One of the most effective treatments of acute myocardial
      infarction involves reconstruction of the occluded coronary artery as soon as
      possible after the onset of myocardial infarction by using these advantages of
      hyperbaric oxygen.

PMID- 971476
TI  - Physiological disposition of verapamil in man.
AB  - 14C-D,L-verapamil was administered intravenously (10 mg) and orally (80 mg) to
      five volunteer patients. Plasma concentrations of verapamil, which were
      determined by mass fragmentography, declined bi-exponentially with half-lives of
      the chi-phase ranging from 18 to 35 min and of the beta-phase from 170 to 440
      min. The apparent volume of distribution ranged from 270 to 460 litre and plasma
      clearance from 730 to 1980 ml/min. Following oral administration absorption was
      almost complete as judged from the area under the curve (AUC) of 14C-activity and
      cumulative urinary excretion of 14C. After intravenous infusion of verapamil
      about 80% of the radioactivity administered could be recovered in urine and
      faeces within 5 d. Despite its almost complete absorption after oral
      administration verapamil was shown to undergo extensive first pass metabolism as
      the bioavailability was only 10 to 22%. Rapid biotransformation had occurred as
      only a small percentage of AUC of 14C was seen to correspond to unchanged
      verapamil after both intravenous and oral administration.

PMID- 971477
TI  - [Morphology of pulmonary changes in chronic and acute left heart failure due to
      ischaemia (author's transl)].

PMID- 971478
TI  - [Mechanical function of the left ventricle before and after direct
      revascularization of the myocard in patients with ischemic heart disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 971479
TI  - [Respiriophonometry as investigation method in speleotherapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 971480
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of the total spectrum of cholic acids (author's transl)].

PMID- 971481
TI  - [Osmotic resistance of red blood cells of venous blood in miners from depth
      uranium-ore mines; its changes caused by uranyl and lead ions (author's transl)].

PMID- 971482
TI  - [The social worker's share in determining fitness for work in patients after
      myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

PMID- 971483
TI  - [Mental condition in various phases of readaptation in persons with late
      blindness].

PMID- 971484
TI  - Nuclear transcripts larger than the cytoplasmic mRNAs are specified by segments
      of the adenovirus genome coding for early functions.
AB  - Nuclear viral RNAs synthesized early in productive infection with adenovirus 2
      were analyzed by hybridization to specific viral DNA fragments. Radioactive RNAs
      were subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing 98%
      formamide, and the fractionated RNA was hybridized to specific DNA fragments
      generated by cleavage with endo R-Eco Ri or endo R-Sma l. The viral genes
      expressed early in infection are located in four different segments of the
      genome. When nuclear RNA was hybridized to DNA fragments representing each of
      these segments, discrete RNA size classes were detected. For each of these four
      regions of the genome, some of the discrete nuclear RNAs were larger than the
      cytoplasmic mRNAs. As calculated from electrophoretic mobility, the molecular
      weight of these nuclear RNA size classes ranged from 15% to several fold greater
      than that of the corresponding cytoplasmic mRNAs. Hybridization-inhibition
      experiments were performed to analyze the sequences present in one of these
      larger nuclear transcripts, a 22S RNA transcribed from the left-hand end of the
      genome. This 22S nuclear RNA was transcribed from the same strand as the viral
      mRNA, for it contained cytoplasmic sequences; it also contained sequences
      restricted to the nucleus. The larger nuclear RNAs may serve as precursors to the
      cytoplasmic viral mRNAs synthesized early in infection.

PMID- 971485
TI  - Induction of erythroid differentiation in vitro by purines and purine analogues.
AB  - The effectiveness of purines and purine analogues as inducers  of erythroid
      differentiation in cultured murine erythroleukemia cells has been investigated.
      These cell lines have previously been shown to differentiate in vitro in response
      to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and a number of other polar solvents. Two purine
      analogues, 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine, as well as the naturally occuring
      purine, purine, hypoxanthine, are shown to be extremely potent inducers. 6
      Thioguanine is effective at a concentration of 0.06 mM, 750 fold lower than the
      DMSO concentration required for equivalent induction. 6-Mercaptopurine and
      hypoxanthine are effective inducers at a concentration of approximately 2 mM.
      Accumulation of globin mRNA was monitored during induction with purine inducers
      and shown to be similar in amount to globin mRNA levels reached in DMSO-induced
      cultures. Induction of differentiation by all three compounds follows a similar
      time course to induction with DMSO. All three compounds are potent inducers of
      HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase)-negative cell lines; hence
      incorporation of purines into DNA is not required for induction of
      differentiation. Comparison of these compounds with other purines and purine
      analogues suggests a high degree of specificity in their interaction with a
      cellular target.

PMID- 971486
TI  - RNA synthesis in puff 2-48BC after experimental induction in Drosophila hydei.
AB  - Puffs induced by treatment with vitamin B6 at locus 2-48BC in salivary gland
      cells of Drosophila hydei were isolated by micromanipulation, and the puff RNA
      was analyzed electrophoretically. The main RNA species migrated with a mobility
      of 40S. A similar RNA species was found in this puff after its induction by
      temperature treatment, except that in this case material with a higher mobility
      was also found, presumably due to the presence of growing chains. No evidence was
      found for polyadenylation of the RNA contained within the puff. The RNA profile
      of nucleoplasm of cells from glands either treated with vitamin B6 or subjected
      to a temperature shock also displayed a prominent peak with a mobility of 40S
      which was absent in extracts of nucleoplasm from control glands.

PMID- 971487
TI  - The expression of differentiated functions in somatic cell hybrids: retention and
      activation of C3 production.
AB  - Rat and mouse fibroblasts which do not secrete the third component of complement
      (or secrete it at a very low rate), were respectively hybridized with mouse and
      rat hepatoma cells which actively produce C3. These interspecific hybrids
      actively secrete both mouse and rat C3. The production of C3 coded by the
      hepatoma cell genome is thus retained, but in addition, the secretion of C3 coded
      by the fibroblast genome is activated. On the other hand, intraspecific hybrids
      have been isolated from normal diploid C3 producing cells and non-producing
      cells. These cell hybrids also retain the capacity to secret C3. Retention of C3
      production thus does not appear to be peculiar to hybrides derived from hepatoma
      cells.

PMID- 971488
TI  - Cultures of normal human mammary cells.
AB  - This paper describes a method of obtaining epithelial cells from large quantities
      of normal human breast tissue and the response of these cells in culture to
      lactogenic hormones. Suspensions of single cells and clusters of cells resembling
      normal ductal and alveolar structures were obtained by mechanical disaggregation
      and subsequent (3h) incubation of tissue fragments in 0.5 mg/ml collagenase.
      Cells rapidly attached to glass or plastic surfaces within 48 h and grew to form
      large colonies which maintained their epithelial appearance throughout 2 months
      of observation. Cell cycling as monitored by DNA synthesis was enhanced by
      insulin, hydrocortisone, or ovine prolactin (in concentrations of 5.0mug/ml each)
      at respectively 2,3 and 5 days of incubation. These results were observed in
      cultures derived from 3 premenopause samples of mammary tissue maintained in
      medium with 1% fetal calf serum. Prolactin at a concentration of 5 mug/ml induced
      phosphoprotein synthesis 8-fold over control values. In addition, prolactin
      induced morphological changes in cells including the development of distended
      endoplasmic reticulum, large microvilli, and the deposition of glycogen granules.
      These initial results led to the tentative conclusion that prolactin was
      sufficient to initiate some of the characteristics in cultured cells normally
      associated with lactating tissues.

PMID- 971489
TI  - Characterization and levels of the RNA polymerases during the embryogenesis of
      Artemia salina.
AB  - Dormant embryos at the gastrula stage of Artemia salina contain three DNA
      dependent RNA polymerases: I, II, and III. The enzymes are solubilized from whole
      embryos and they are separated by chromatography on DEAE Sephadex. The ratio of
      activities with native and denatured DNA at the optimal salt concentrations is
      3.5 for RNA polymerase I, 0.1 for RNA polymerase II and 1.0 for RNA polymerase
      III.Mn(i2+) is more efficient than Mg(2+) for the three enzymes. RNA polymerase
      II is 50% inhibited by 5 ng/ml of alpha-amanitin while RNA polymerases I and III
      are 10% and 30% inhibited by 1 mg/ml. During the embryonic development there is
      am independent variation of the levels of the RNA polymerases. RNA polymerase I
      increases its specific activity 4-5-fold, RNA polymerase III increases 2-fold,
      and RNA polymerase II less than 2-fold. The increase in RNA polymerase activity
      may represent a mechanism to control the rate of synthesis of RNA during the
      embryogenesis of A. salina.

PMID- 971490
TI  - [Pathophysiology of pain].

PMID- 971491
TI  - [Headache from the viewpoint of a pediatric neurologist].

PMID- 971492
TI  - [Headache of ocular origin in childhood].

PMID- 971493
TI  - [Headache in otorhinolaryngologic diseases in childhood].

PMID- 971494
TI  - [Prognostic score of newborn infants with low birth weight].

PMID- 971495
TI  - [Clinical and morphological picture of the respiratory distress syndrome in
      newborn and premature infants].

PMID- 971496
TI  - [Problems of severe burns].

PMID- 971497
TI  - [Anomalies of the aortic arch and d-transposition of the great vessels].

PMID- 971498
TI  - [EEG examination in infants and toddlers with hydrocephalus of nontumorous
      origin].

PMID- 971499
TI  - [Tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia associated with anomalous
      branching of the subclavian artery (arteria lusoria)].

PMID- 971500
TI  - [Constitutional dependence of spirometric and ergometric indicators in 14-year
      old boys].

PMID- 971501
TI  - [Pediatric gynecology. Current status and perspectives of further development in
      Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 971502
TI  - [Our experience with Amoxil in childhood pneumonias].

PMID- 971503
TI  - [Effect of D-penicillamine in scleroderma complicating phenylketonuria].

PMID- 971504
TI  - [Various pitfalls of phototherapy].

PMID- 971505
TI  - [Native x'rays picture of d-transposition of great arteries and its development
      after the atrioseptostomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 971506
TI  - [Angiocardiographic findings in 66 sucklings with d-transposition of great
      arteries (author's transl)].

PMID- 971507
TI  - [Physiological deviations of heart shadow in children cardiological practice
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 971508
TI  - [New topometric method of localization of position of venous angle on cerebral
      phlebogram (author's transl)].

PMID- 971509
TI  - [Arteriographic diagnostics of wounded spleen (author's transl)].

PMID- 971510
TI  - [Pharmacoangiography in case of aneurysma of kidney (author's transl)].

PMID- 971511
TI  - [Mammography in routine ambulant practice (author's transl)].

PMID- 971512
TI  - [Aplasy of the back arc of atlas (author's transl)].

PMID- 971513
TI  - Identification of lead-binding components in rat liver: in vivo study.
AB  - In vivo experiments using 203Pb and radioactively labelled precursors such as
      [14C] arginine and [3H] tryptophan were performed to identify lead binding
      components in rat liver. The distribution of lead in 9 tissues and the
      intracellular distribution in liver and kidney was also investigated. Male rats
      were injected intravenously with 18 mug of 203Pb/rat and the 203Pb radioactivity
      was measured in whole tissues as well as in nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes,
      microsomes and soluble fractions obtained by centrifugation of liver and kidney
      homogenates. The subcellular fractions from liver were purified and fractionated
      into macromolecular components by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, ion
      exchange chromatography and solvent extraction. Nuclei were fractionated into
      membranes, chromatin proteins (histone and residual non-histone proteins) and
      DNA. Most of the lead was detected in the nuclear membrane fraction bound
      exclusively to membrane proteins and absent in phospholipids. The intranuclear
      lead was associated with histone fractions and other basic or very weakly acid
      proteins as indicated by the incorporation of [14C] arginine and [3H] tryptophan.
      Lead was present in the chromatographically purified DNA fraction but whether
      lead was really bound to the nucleic acid was not determined. Mitochondria were
      fractionated into heavy, soluble and light subfractions representing the inner
      membranes, the intramitochondrial matrix and the outer membranes respectively.
      These subfractions contained appreciable quantities of lead. No appreciable lead
      was present in lipids of the mitochondrial membranes. Significant quantities of
      lead were associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Fractionation of microsomes
      into rough and smooth membranes showed that lead was almost exclusively bound to
      membranes of rough-surfaced microsomes associated with the heavy rough membrane
      subfraction. No significant lead was present in the free polysome subfraction or
      in lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. More than one lead binding site was
      identified in the soluble fraction, the high molecular weight components
      representing the most important lead binding site.

PMID- 971514
TI  - Protection by dimethylsulfoxide of strand breaks in hepatic DNA induced by
      dimethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 971515
TI  - Relationship between induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and de novo
      synthesis of cytochrome P-448 (P1-450) in mice.
AB  - Phenobarbital, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), benzpyrene, 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were
      administered i.p. for 1 or 3 days to genetically "responsive" (C57BL/6J) and
      genetically "non-responsive" (DBA/2J) mice. 3-MC or benzpyrene stimulated aryl
      hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in C57BL/6J (B6) mice but not in DBA/2J
      (D2) mice. TCDD induced AHH activity in both B6 and D2 mice. Time-course studies
      showed that in the first 12 h after a single injection of 3-MC to B6 mice there
      was no shift in the reduced cytochrome P-450-CO complex absorption spectra from
      450 to 448 nm, although AHH activity increased 4-5 times over (above) that of the
      control group. The relationship between induction of AHH activity by polycyclic
      hydrocarbons in B6 mice and the concomitant synthesis of cytochrome P-448 is
      discussed.

PMID- 971516
TI  - Mutation of human lymphoblasts by methylnitrosourea.
AB  - The lag in phenotype expression of methylnitrosourea(MNU)-induced mutation to 6
      thioguanine (6TG) resistance has been studied in a diploid human lymphoblastoid
      cell line. We find that a considerable period (8-12 days) elapses before new
      mutants appear in treated cultures; after 2 weeks, however, a stable maximum
      fraction is attained, as would be expected for a genetic mutation. We present
      preliminary data linking this phenotypic lag to the slow degradation rate of
      hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) and to an apparent
      requirement for very low (less than 0.2% normal) cellular HGPRT content in order
      for cells to be resistant to 10 mug 6TG/ml. A series of reconstruction
      experiments are presented, the results of which support the conclusion that
      selective pressures in the assay procedure do not bias the quantitative estimates
      of induced mutant fraction.

PMID- 971517
TI  - Influence of dietary selenite on the binding characteristics of rat serum
      proteins to mercurial compounds.
AB  - The effect of dietary selenite on the binding characteristics of serum proteins
      was investigated with rats. In the control serum, the maximal binding of
      phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) and methylmercuric chloride (MMC) to rat serum
      protein was approx. 18 and 9 nmoles per mg protein, respectively. The binding of
      Hg2+ was biphasic and it did not reach a maximum at the concentrations used.
      Selenite treatment caused a reduction in binding capacity of serum proteins to
      Hg2+ and PMA, and an increase in the binding affinities. However, there were no
      such changes for the binding of MMC. Selenite protection from mercury toxicity,
      therefore, acts not only via a change in tissue distribution and a change in the
      formation of seleno-proteins but, also, via a change in the binding
      characteristics to some mercury compounds. In the case of methylmercury, a
      different mechanism of protection must exist as the modification of tissue
      distribution, its binding to subcellular and soluble proteins and the binding
      characteristics remained equivocal.

PMID- 971518
TI  - Mouse liver and lung glutathione s-epoxide transferase: effects of phenobarbital
      and 3-methylcholanthrene administration.
AB  - The effects of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and phenobarbital (PB) administration
      on the levels of glutathione-S-epoxide transferase activity in supernatant
      preparations of liver and lung were studied in a number of different strains of
      mice, C57Bl/6, C3H, C3H-f, Balb/c-, A+ and DBA/2+. Three epoxide substrates, 3MC
      11,12-oxide, styrene oxide (SO) and 3,3,3-trichloro-1,2-epoxypropane (TCPO), were
      employed in this investigation. PB administration (75 mg/kg body weight for 3
      days) resulted in 13-57% increases in enzyme activity in the liver supernatant
      but was ineffective in inducing activity in lung. 3MC administration (40 mg/kg
      body weight for 2 days) on the other hand was without any effect on glutathione-S
      epoxide transferase activity in both liver and lung.

PMID- 971519
TI  - Identification of the methyl phosphotriester of thymidylyl (3',5')thymidine as a
      product from reaction of DNA with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - The methyl phosphotriester of thymidylyl(3'-5')thymidine, Tp(Me)T, was obtained
      as a product of enzymic digestion of N-[14C]methyl-N-nitrosourea-methylated DNA
      or of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-methylated [14C]thymine-labelled DNA. The identity
      of the 14C-labelled Tp(Me)T products was shown by co-chromatography of the 14C
      labelled enzymic digests with synthetic Tp(Me)T on Dowex 50 (NH4+ form, eluted at
      pH 8), and by co-chromatography, on silica gel in 3 solvent systems, of the
      Tp(Me)T-containing fractions from the Dowex 50 column. This identity was
      confirmed by showing that the 14C-labelled DNA-derived products hydrolysed in 0.1
      M sodium hydroxide at 37 degrees C at a rate identical with that of synthetic
      Tp(Me)T, and gave the four expected UV-absorbing products (thymidine,
      thymidylyl(3'-5')thymidine, and the methyl esters of 3'- and 5'-TMP) in the same
      ratios as the authentic triester.

PMID- 971520
TI  - A comparison of the sulphite and thrombin methods for measuring fibrinogen
      concentration of plasma from patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy.
AB  - A thrombin method for the determination of fibrinogen concentration has been
      compared with a non-enzymatic sulphite precipitation method on plasma from
      patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy with an intermittent
      plasminogen/streptokinase regime. There was very good agreement between the
      methods even when the determinations were made in the presence of high levels of
      fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), provided that the thrombin clottable
      fibrinogen was greater than 1 mg/ml. However, after extensive fibrinogen
      depletion, when the thrombin method underestimates fibrinogen concentration due
      to significant clot inhibition by FDP, an overestimate due to co-precipitation of
      fragments X and Y will be obtained by the sulphite method. This suggests that the
      simultaneous application of both techniques may provide a simple method of
      assessing the presence of high levels of anticoagulant FDP in various clinical
      disorders.

PMID- 971521
TI  - Quantitative analysis of bile acids and their conjugates in duodenal aspirate by
      fluorimetry after cellulose acetate electrophoresis.

PMID- 971522
TI  - [Bisalbuminaemia in pancreatitis: structural modifications of human serum albumin
      by proteolytic enzymes of the pancreas (author's transl)].
AB  - Bisalbuminaemia in pancreatitis is a transient abnormality related to the
      presence, on electrophoresis of the serum, of a fast-moving albumin; this
      abnormal form is also found, in large amounts, in the ascitic or pleural
      effusions of the patients. Experiments reported here indicate clearly that the
      fast albumin can be produced by a degradation of normal serum albumin by the
      proteolytic enzymes of the pancreas (chymotrypsin or elastase in association with
      carboxypeptidases A and B). Stuctural analysis of the isolated fast albumin of
      the patients shows that the C-terminal end of the molecule is different from
      normal serum albumin, which can be understood by a limited enzymatic degradation
      by chymotrypsin or elastase followed by the action of carboxypeptidases. The
      discovery of bisalbuminaemia in a patient affected by pancreatitis is suspicious
      of the presence of an ascitic or pleural effusion and of a pancreatic pseudo-cyst
      with a fistula emerging in the effusion.

PMID- 971523
TI  - Automatic potentiometric titration and gas-liquid chromatography of underivatised
      free fatty acids.
AB  - A rapid and precise method is described for the determination of total free fatty
      acids (FFA) in the serum followed by the separation of individual FFA by gas
      liquid chromatography (GLC). After the extraction the FFA are directly injected
      into the gas-liquid chromatograph without esterification. DEGS-PS serves as
      stationary phase. The esterified fatty acids such as cholesterol esters,
      phospholipids or triglycerides do not interfere with the FFA determined by the
      GLC method. This method is compared to other commonly used titrimetric and gas
      chromatographic procedures. The changes of the composition of individual FFA
      during and after ergometer work is reported.

PMID- 971524
TI  - Urinary albumin excretion in normal and diabetic subjects.
AB  - Using an albumin radio-immuno-assay, urinary albumin concentration and excretion
      rate have been measured in diabetics and control subjects overnight, after
      several hours ordinary activity and during two successive one hour periods of
      recumbency. The urine albumin concentration was relatively constant throughout
      each of the four collection periods. Variations in albumin excretion rate were
      directly related to changes in urine flow. In assessing changes in urinary
      albumin, concentration and urine flow should be reported as well as the
      calculated albumin excretion rate. In the diabetics, selected for absence of
      clinical proteinuria, the mean concentration of albumin did not differ
      significantly from that of the controls. The overnight albumin excretion rate was
      higher in the diabetics, but this was due to the greater volume of urine.

PMID- 971525
TI  - Rapid determination of urine estriol by an on-column derivatization procedure.
AB  - Estriol in pregnancy urine is determined by acid hydrolysis of steroid
      conjugates, followed by ether and aqueous sodium hydroxide extraction and gas
      chromatography. Derivatives are formed within the injection port of the gas
      chromatograph using tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Several samples may be
      processed simultaneously. Hydrolysis and extraction of a specimen are done in a
      single culture tube; for larger numbers of specimens, a Paton-Brown extractor may
      be used. With a two-column gas chromatograph, results on two specimens are
      available within one hour; twelve analyses may be completed within two hours.

PMID- 971526
TI  - Rapid enzymatic determination of free and esterified cholesterol content of serum
      and tissues.

PMID- 971527
TI  - Total and immunologically reacting muscle enolase in blood serum of Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy patients and carriers.
AB  - All of 12 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy manifested raised activity of
      serum enolase but only 10 showed elevation of immunologically reacting muscle
      enolase (IRM-enolase). Total enolase was raised in 4 of 12 mothers and one of 8
      sisters of the affected subjects but IRM-enolase was elevated in only one mother.
      These results are consistent with the view that enolase, unlike creatine
      phosphokinase which showed much more pronounced increase in the serum of patients
      and their female relatives, is associated with a structural component of the
      muscle cell distinct from the presumed site of molecular abnormality in this
      disease.

PMID- 971528
TI  - A single nonaqueous diazo reagent for the rapid determination of bilirubin in
      serum without lipemic interference.
AB  - A nonaqueous reagent for directly determining serum bilirubin with 3,3'
      dimethoxydiphenyl-4,4'-tetrazonium chloride in acidified dimethylsulfoxide is
      described. Conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin may be determined after
      extraction in acidified chloroform-ethyl acetate. The procedure is accurate (r2
      0.97; recovery 100% for total, 98% for extracted bilirubin) and precise (C.V.
      3.0% at 65 mg bilirubin per 1. The reagent develops endpoint color at 590 nm in
      less than 2 min, and the developed absorbance is stable for several hours. The
      method is intended for special applications where gross lipemia is encountered.
      Standardization with pure bilirubin in dimethylsulfoxide or chloroform is
      identical to standardization with aqueous bilirubin in protein standards.

PMID- 971529
TI  - Evaluation of the Vitatron "AKES" modification for optimal use in routine enzyme
      analysis.
AB  - The Vitatron has been used as designed by the manufacturer under routine
      laboratory conditions (Broughton, P.M.G., Buttolph, M.A., Gowenlock, A.H., Neill,
      D.W. and Sleutelberg, R.G. (1969) J. Clin. Pathol. 22, 278). We assessed the
      possibilities of the AKES with regard to determination of the activities of three
      enzymes: alanine transaminase (AIT), aspartate transaminase (AsT) and lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum. Precision, accuracy, carry over and sample-diluent
      contamination were evaluated. This resulted in recommendations for optimal use in
      terms of capacity and precision, which were supported by computations on a
      mathematical model for measuring results.

PMID- 971530
TI  - Studies on blood saccharoid fraction in normal and diabetic subjects.
AB  - The exact nature of the saccharoid fraction (non-glucose reducing substances) in
      human blood is not known. The saccharoid fraction is increased in diabetic
      patients and a direct relationship exists to the height of the blood sugar. Some
      of the constituents of the saccharoid fraction, namely, glutathione, glucuronic
      acid and organic phosphate are significantly increased in diabetic patients.
      Fructose diphosphate and ATP are increased in the patients treated with oral
      hypoglycemic drugs. The known constituents of the saccharoid fraction which were
      determined accounted only for about 48% in normal and 36% in diabetic patients.
      The reduced contribution of these compounds to the saccharoid fraction in
      diabetic patients indicates that the nature of the saccharoid fraction may be
      different in diabetic patients.

PMID- 971531
TI  - Triglyceride lipases in acute hepatitis.
AB  - Two triglyceride lipases in postheparin plasma, the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and
      the hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) were separated by heparin-sepharose
      affinity chromatography and studied in controls and patients during the course of
      acute hepatitis. All three patients had increased content of triglycerides in the
      low density lipoproteins, and two of them had hypertriglyceridemia. Low
      activities of both lipases were found in the acute stage of the disease in all
      three patients. Concomitantly one of the patients had absolute low lecithin:
      cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and in the two other patients a
      relative LCAT deficiency was present. The increased content of triglycerides in
      LDL that may be found in liver disease, may not only be due to low H-TGL and LPL,
      but also LCAT deficiency.

PMID- 971532
TI  - [Adenosine deaminase activity in human erythrocytes and lymphocytes].
AB  - A radiochromatographic method is described for measuring enzymatic activity of
      adenosine deaminase in human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. [8-14C]-adenosine is
      converted into inosine and hypoxanthine; after chromatographic separation of the
      products, the radioactivity is determined. The kinetic properties of the enzyme
      have been studied. The Km values for the erythrocyte and lymphocyte enzymes are
      higher as compared with purified deaminase. Optimum conditions for substrate
      concentration for assay were established. The mean normal activity (+/- S.E. of
      mean) is: for erythrocytes, 494 +/- 61; nmol min-1 ml-1; for lymphocytes- 147 +/-
      0.18 nmol min-1 10(6) cellules. The mean values are higher than that given by
      other methods working at a lower (non-staurating) substrate concentration.

PMID- 971533
TI  - Stability of testosterone and androstenedione in blood and plasma samples.
AB  - In order to investigate the stability of testosterone (T) and androstenedione
      (Adione) in blood and plasma samples following study was undertaken. 1. Pooled
      blood samples were left unseparated at room temperature for varying time periods
      of up to 3 days before being centrifuged. Subsequent plasma T and Adione values
      measured by radioimmunoassay showed only small, insignificant variations. 2.
      Plasma, initially separated from the pooled blood sample, was left at room
      temperature for up to 24 h. There was no significant change in the levels of T
      and Adione measured over this period. There was also good correlation between
      steroid concentrations measured in blood and plasma. 3. T and Adione were
      measured in a pooled plasma sample after repeated freezing and thawing of the
      sample. All T values were well within the intraassay coefficient of variation;
      all Adione values were within the precision limits of the assay, although there
      was a considerable spread in individual values. It is concluded that the various
      handling procedures of blood or plasma have no significant effect on T and Adione
      levels.

PMID- 971534
TI  - Changes in serum and urinary myo-inositol levels in chronic glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Serum and urinary myo-inositol and urinary glucose were estimated by means of gas
      liquid chromatography in 54 patients with glomerulonephritis with and without
      renal failure. myo-Inositol clearance was calculated and an index was formulated
      which reflected changes in glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and
      catabolism of myo-inositol by the kidney. Serum and urinary myo-inositol levels
      were increased in glomerulonephritis with a close correlation to the degree of
      renal failure. In advanced forms of glomerulonephritis, glomerular filtration,
      tubular reabsorption and catabolism of myo-inositol were shown to be markedly
      deranged. Evidence obtained showed further that a derangement of tubular
      reabsorption and catabolism of myo-inositol also accompany milder forms of
      glomerulonephritis without decreased glomerular filtration. The myo-inositol
      index value, especially, was increased in patients with signs of disease activity
      as indicated by a histological examination of the kidney tissue. The index can
      also be regarded as a highly sensitive test of renal failure. Low grade
      glucosuria was shown to be frequently associated with glomerulonephritis with
      renal failure. Evidence was produced which suggested that the tubular
      reabsorption of myo-inositol was deranged earlier than glucose reabsorption in
      glomerulonephritis, although they may share a common step in the reabsorption
      process. The data suggest that the estimation of serum and urinary myo-inositol
      has advantages in the evaluation of kidney function.

PMID- 971535
TI  - Determination of plasma angiotensin-II concentration: reliability of a practical
      method for clinical purposes. R.A.A.-system during furosemide administration.

PMID- 971536
TI  - D-Glyceric acidemia in a patient with chronic metabolic acidosis.
AB  - A patient is described with glyceric acidemia and glyceric aciduria. The main
      clinical problems in infancy were severe metabolic acidosis and failure to
      thrive. The patient needs permanent treatment with bicarbonate. Hyperglycinemia,
      as described in the first case discovered elsewhere, was not present. The
      glyceric acid was found to have the D-configuration, as analyzed by capillary gas
      chromatography of its di-O-acetyl-l-menthyl ester. The abnormality may result
      from a defect in serine metabolism.

PMID- 971537
TI  - Photodynamic modification of proteins in human red blood cell membranes, induced
      by protoporphyrin.
AB  - Illumination of erythrocytes or erythrocyte membranes with visible light in the
      presence of protoporphyrin causes photodynamic damage of the cell membrane. This
      process is reflected a.o. by a mutilated ultrastructure and changes of the
      physical properties of the membrane proteins. Illumination in the presence of
      protoporphyrin causes association of membrane proteins, leading to blurring of
      the protein bands in electropheretograms, disappearance of bands and the
      appearance of protein aggregates on top of the gels. The formation of large
      protein aggregates is also indicated by Sephadex gel filtration of the
      solubilized membrane proteins. In kinetic studies it appeared that spectrin and
      the bands 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 6 are most susceptible and that band 3 is least
      susceptible to this cross-linking reaction. Experimental results indicate that
      this cross-linking is caused by direct photooxidation of membrane proteins.
      Peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids is not involved in the process. The
      significance of this process for studies on membrane structure and on
      photodynamic membrane damage is discussed.

PMID- 971538
TI  - The microdetermination of copper in plasma protein fractions.
AB  - Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes and electrothermal atomization for
      atomic absorption spectrophotometry have been combined to allow the determination
      of copper in protein fractions separated from only 2 mul volumes of serum. The
      sensitivity of the method is 5.2 X 10(-11) g of copper for 1% absorption at 324.7
      nm, and the precision of replicate analyses at the 1.7-ng level is 0.086
      (Relative Standard deviation). The mean recovery of copper from the alpha2
      protein fraction of a serum sample was 94%. The method has been applied to a
      study of the changes in the copper content of the various protein fractions of
      sera from patients with Menkes' syndrome.

PMID- 971539
TI  - Preparation of a monospecific antiserum to thyroxine binding globulin for its
      quantitation by rocket immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 971540
TI  - A new form of the solubility test for hemoglobin S; results from a survey of 3000
      cases.
AB  - A new form of the solubility test for the detection of Hemoglobin S is described.
      Glass ampoules containing one ml of the test solution ready for use are employed;
      they can be stored for more than one year at 4 degrees C. 3000 blood samples were
      analyzed by the solubility test and electrophoresis. The comparison between the
      two methods showed that the solubility test is highly satisfactory.

PMID- 971541
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary function following successful treatment of intracranial
      tumours.
AB  - Hypothalamic-pituitary function was examined in seventeen patients treated in the
      past for extrasellar intracranial tumours. All patients had received a course of
      external cranial irradiation. Biochemical abnormalities of endocrine function
      were present in almost all of the patients. In particular, the growth hormone
      response to insulin induced hypoglycaemic stress was impaired in eleven out of
      fifteen patients. Preliminary data from a group of seven patients with
      intracranial tumours prior to radiotherapy are also presented. The possibility
      that cranial irradiation causes hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction is discussed.
      The results suggest that endocrine assessment should be considered in patients
      who have been treated for intracranial tumours, even in the absence of direct
      pituitary involvement.

PMID- 971542
TI  - Cortisol binding capacity and oestrogen concentrations in maternal and cord
      plasma in pregnancies with normal and anencephalic fetuses.
AB  - The cortisol binding capacity of maternal and cord plasma samples obtained at
      delivery from fifteen women and their normal infants and from seven women and
      their anencephalic infants was measured at 4 degrees C by a gel filtration
      technique. The concentration of oestrogen in these samples was measured by
      radioimmunoassay. There was no significant difference (t test) between the
      cortisol binding capacity of peripheral plasma from women with normal infants (1
      55 +/- 0-24 mumol/1, mean +/- SD) and from those who delivered anencephalic
      infants (1-35 +/- 0-30 mumol/1), nor between the cortisol binding capacity of
      cord plasma from anencephalic infants (0-47 +/- 0-04 mumol/1) and that of normal
      infants (0-37 +/- 0-10 mumol/1). However, mean oestrogen concentrations in
      maternal and cord plasma from the pregnancies with an anencephalic fetus were
      significantly lower (P less than 0-01) than in the corresponding samples from
      normal pregnancy. It is concluded that oestrogen concentrations in maternal and
      cord plasma in normal pregnancy at delivery are much greater than those required
      to account for the increase in plasma cortisol binding capacity. Since plasma
      cortisol binding capacity in pregnancy with an anencephalic fetus is not
      diminished, the reduced excretion of corticosteroids relative to normal pregnancy
      in this condition is unlikely to be due to alterations in cortisol metabolism
      associated with a lower plasma cortisol binding capacity.

PMID- 971543
TI  - Changes in the pituitary-testicular system with age.
AB  - In order to provide a comprehensive account of pituitary-testicular function in
      man, 466 subjects, ranging in age from 2 to 101 years, were studied to examine
      blood levels of the pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), the sex steroids
      testosterone and oestradiol, the binding capacity of the sex hormone binding
      globulin (SHBG), the free testosterone and oestradiol fractions, and the transfer
      constant for the peripheral conversion of testosterone to oestradiol. The results
      were compared with clinical indices of testicular size, sexual function and
      secondary sex hair distribution. Serum LH and FSH were low before puberty,
      increased in pubertal adolescents to levels somewhat above those of adults and
      subsequently increased progressively over the age of 40 years. Testosterone
      levels fell slowly after the age of 40, while there was a slight rise in plasma
      oestradiol with increasing age. FSH and testosterone showed small seasonal
      variations in young adult men, the lowest values being seen in winter. SHBG
      binding capacity was high in two prepubertal boys, fell in adult men, but
      increased in old age. Free testosterone and oestradiol levels fell in old age.
      The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of testosterone and oestradiol also fell in
      old age, while the conversion of testosterone to oestradiol was increased. Many
      correlations were observed between various hormonal and clincial measurements.
      The evidence is consistent with a primary decrease in testicular function over
      the age of 40 years.

PMID- 971544
TI  - Hypothalamic hypopituitarism following external radiotherapy for tumours distant
      from the adenohypophysis.
AB  - Three cases of panhypopituitarism and five of isolated growth hormone deficiency
      which occurred following previous external irradiation of tumours distant from
      the adenohypophysis are described. The hypothalamic pituitary region received
      between 2800 and 12 000 rads in each case, 1-9 years before endocrine deficiency
      was recognized. Evidence is presented that the site of damage is in the region of
      the hypothalamus rather than the pituitary gland itself. Individuals treated with
      X-ray therapy in whom the hypothalamic-pituitary region is exposed to irradiation
      would appear to be at risk of developing some degree of delayed hypothalamic
      pituitary dysfunction.

PMID- 971545
TI  - A perspective on aldosterone abnormalities.
AB  - Not all the varied clinical disorders in which aldosterone and the
      mineralocorticoid hormones are involved have been reviewed. Only those disorders
      in which the mineralocorticoid hormones and their regulatory factors are the
      principal cause of the biochemical and clinical abnormalities have been examined.
      These are many and varied. Appreciation of the extent and magnitude of their
      involvement in the regulation of blood pressure, body fluids, and electrolyte
      composition continues to grow. The major direct clinical impact of the
      mineralocorticoid hormones appears to be in two areas: hypertension and potassium
      homeostasis. Their part in the mosaic of hypertension is established in primary
      hyperaldosteronism, but they also appear to affect and modify the hypertensive
      process in primary or essential hypertension. The probe continues.
      Hypoaldosteronism is more than the rare occurrence associated with Addison's
      disease. It may be the clue to the presence of nonaldosterone mineralocorticoid
      excess syndromes, and is obviously of critical importance in an increasing number
      of patients with chronic renal failure of varied aetiologies.

PMID- 971546
TI  - The effect of thyroidectomy and thyroxine on the glutathione-insulin
      transhydrogenase activity of rat liver.

PMID- 971547
TI  - Thyroid suppression tests during drug treatment of hyperthyroidism.
AB  - In fifteen hyperthyroid patients treated for 5 or more consecutive years with
      propylthiouracil four or more yearly prognostic 'suppression' tests (Cassidy &
      VanderLaan, 1960) were done. In nine of the fifteen patients there was a
      progressive diminution over a period of 3-6 years in the values of these
      suppressed uptakes to 20% or below. Eight of these nine patients have remained
      euthyroid off therapy for 1-8 years (average 3-1 years). None have become
      hypothyroid. The data suggest a gradual continuing change in thyroid function
      over the course of years in some hyperthyroid patients on antithyroid therapy.
      This may be a long-term effect of the drug and may have prognostic significance.

PMID- 971548
TI  - Effect of dopamine infusion on plasma levels of growth hormone in normal subjects
      and in agromegalic patients.
AB  - In ten normal subjects and in twenty acromegalic patients plasma levels of growth
      hormone were studied after administration of L-dopa and a dopamine infusion. In
      the ten normal subjects L-dopa, but not dopamine, increased plasma levels of GH.
      In the acromegalic patients both L-dopa and dopamine were followed by an
      inhibition of GH release. Since dopamine does not cross the blood-brain barrier,
      these results, although not excluding a site of action at median eminence level,
      support the thesis that the inhibitory effect of dopaminergic stimulation on GH
      release in acromegaly possibly involves receptors present on GH-secreting cells.

PMID- 971549
TI  - Effects of quinidine on blood flow rate and developed tension in blood-perfused
      canine papillary muscle.
AB  - 1. The effects of quinidine on blood flow rate and developed tension were studied
      in isolated, blood-perfused papillary muscle preparations of the dog. Drugs were
      injected into the anterior septal artery. 2. Quinidine caused a dose-related
      increase in blood flow rate; the mean dose producing a 100% increase in blood
      flow rate was about 0-3 mg. 3. Quinidine in doses of 0-01-0-1 mg produced a
      positive inotropic response. With 0-3--1 mg of quinidine the positive inotropic
      response was preceded by a transient negative inotropic response. With 3 mg there
      was a monophasic negative inotropic response, the developed tension being reduced
      by about 40% of control. 4. Propranolol had no statistically significant effects
      on the responses of the blood flow rate and developed tension caused by
      quinidine. 5. These results indicate that quinidine has an action on coronary
      vessels in lower doses than on the myocardium, and that in low doses it has a
      positive inotropic action rather than the well-known negative inotrophic action
      exerted with higher doses.

PMID- 971550
TI  - The hepatic transport of taurocholic acid in the rat: development of a
      mathematical model.
AB  - 1. The transport of taurocholic acid from portal blood to bile was studied in the
      anaesthetized rat by injecting a radiolabelled pulse of bile acid. 2. The
      transport process was very rapid, 50% of the dose being secreted within 5 min,
      and the total dose within 15 min. 3. The transport process had a large capacity.
      The secretory profile was little modified by a 500-fold increase in the injected
      dose. 4. The transport process was modelled with both analogue and digital
      computers. The simplest model which fitted the data comprised rapid uptake from
      portal blood, slow transport across the cell and rapid secretion into bile. The
      digital computer simulation suggested that this model is not unique, but will
      require further testing.

PMID- 971551
TI  - Release of renin from glomeruli isolated from rat kidney.
AB  - 1. Glomeruli free from renal tubules and cell debris were isolated in large
      numbers from rat kidney cortex by a rapid, simple process of graded sieving on
      stainless steel meshes. 2. Glomeruli were viable, had fragments of the arterioles
      attached and contained renin. 3. Glomeruli, when incubated, released renin into
      the medium. Using a super-fusion technique this was shown to be time dependent
      until a basal secretion level was achieved. 4. Release of renin was directly
      proportional to the number of glomeruli and could be stimulated by isoprenaline,
      adrenaline and noradrenaline in order of the potency of their action on beta
      adrenoreceptors. 5. Isolated glomeruli were therefore established as a useful
      model system for studying the release of renin by direct influences on the
      juxtaglomerular cells where haemodynamic, tubular and extrarenal influences are
      removed.

PMID- 971552
TI  - Comparison of the effects of (--)-isoprenaline, orciprenaline terbutaline, and
      Me506 on heart rate, soleus muscle contractility and pulmonary resistance of
      anaesthetized cats.
AB  - 1. Three resorcinol derivatives with N-isopropyl (orciprenaline), N-t-butyl
      (terbutaline) and N-p-hydroxypheny-t-butyl (Me506) amine substituents have been
      compared with (--)-isoprenaline for their ability to produce beta-receptor
      mediated reductions in serotonin-induced increases in pulmonary resistance,
      decreases in soleus muscle contractility and increases in heart rate in
      anaesthetized cats. 2. For all parameters studied the four compounds produced
      similar maximal responses and dose-response curves were close to parallel. From
      the graphs doses of the compounds producing 50% of the maximal response (ED50)
      were interpolated, and from these dose-ratios with respect to (--)-isoprenaline
      [drug ED50:(--)-isoprenaline ED50] were calculated on a molar basis. 3.
      Increasing the size of the amine substituent from N-isopropyl to N-t-butyl led to
      an increase in beta-receptor stimulant activity in bronchial and skeletal muscle,
      but not in the heart. The change from N-t-butyl to N-p-hydroxyphenyl-t-butyl did
      not further affect stimulant activity in any of the parameters studied. 4.
      Calculation of selectivity ratios [molar dose-ratio (heart): molar dose-ratio
      (pulmonary resistance)] showed that orciprenaline was non-selective, and that
      terbutaline and Me506 showed a similar degree of selectivity for beta2- as
      opposed to beta1-receptor mediated actions.

PMID- 971553
TI  - Effects of glucagon on pancreatic secretion in the dog.
AB  - 1. The effects of glucagon on the secretion of pancreatic juice were investigated
      using blood-perfused canine pancreas preparations. 2. Intravenous administration
      of glucagon (3-30 mug/kg) to the donor dog elicited a dose-dependent increase in
      pancreatic secretion. Intra-arterial administration of glucagon (10-100 mug) into
      the perfused pancreas also elicited increased secretion. 3. There were slight
      increases in amylase concentration of the pancreatic juice with the largest doses
      of glucagon given by either route. 4. Glucagon-induced secretion was not modified
      by treatment with phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, guanethidine,
      tetradotoxin, haloperidol, prostaglandin F2alpha or calcitonin. 5. The results
      suggest that glucagon acts directly on the exocrine cells of the canine pancreas.

PMID- 971554
TI  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes of children with autism.
AB  - 1. The activity of the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) was determined
      in the erythrocytes of normal and autistic children. 2. There was no difference
      in enzyme activity between the two groups, although in both the normal and
      autistic females the erythrocyte COMT activity showed considerable within-group
      variation. 3. When the erythrocyte homogenates were divided into particulate and
      soluble fractions, some differences were observed. The COMT activity in the
      soluble fraction was less in erythrocytes from autistic males than in those from
      control males, whereas that in autistic females was higher than in those from
      control females.

PMID- 971555
TI  - Role of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension produced by unilateral renal
      artery constriction in the rat.
AB  - 1. Conscious rats which had undergone unilateral renal artery constriction were
      infused for 1 h with a specific antagonist of angiotensin II, 1-Sar-8-Ala
      angiotensin II (P-113). 2. There was a highly significant correlation between the
      change in blood pressure induced by P-113 and the pre-infusion plasma renin
      concentration (PRC), regardless of initial blood pressure or the duration of
      stenosis. However, the blood pressure fall was not significantly greater in
      nineteen hypertensive rats than in eleven which remained normotensive. P-113 did
      not abolish the hypertension. 3. The extent to which angiotensin II supports
      blood pressure in rats with renal artery constriction is directly related to the
      PRC.

PMID- 971556
TI  - The fate of the orally administered bile acid sequestrant, polidexide, in humans.
AB  - 1. The metabolic fate of the insoluble bile acid sequestrant polidexide, (poly-[2
      (diethylamino)ethyl] polyglycerylenedextran hydrochloride), was studied in four
      adult humans following the oral administration of the 14C-labelled substance. 2.
      The mean cumulative recovery of 14C in faeces was 95-3% (s.e.m. = 1-1) of the
      administered dose, while mean cumulative recovery in urine was 0-37% (s.e.m. = 0
      13) of the oral dose. 3. Only background levels of radioactivity were detectable
      in plasma samples taken 1-3 days after administration of tracer. 4. The findings
      suggested that polidexide was not absorbed from the gastrointestinal in man to
      any significant degree.

PMID- 971557
TI  - A treasure trove for pediatricians.

PMID- 971558
TI  - The successful use of jet anesthetic injections with childhood lacerations.

PMID- 971559
TI  - Family reactions, physician responses, and management issues in fatal lipid
      storage diseases.

PMID- 971560
TI  - Reliability of head circumference measurements in the newborn.

PMID- 971561
TI  - Multicystic renal dysplasia. Pathologic and clinical observations in 22 cases.

PMID- 971562
TI  - How to make a good examination of the genitalia of young girls.

PMID- 971563
TI  - Intrauterine salicylate intoxication in a newborn. A case report.

PMID- 971564
TI  - Is it possible to identify the child who is a "high risk" candidate for the
      accidental ingestion of a poison?

PMID- 971565
TI  - The treatment of obesity in adolescents using behavioral self-control.

PMID- 971567
TI  - The preschool physical examination. An evaluation of the findings in 382 children
      who had had good care.

PMID- 971566
TI  - Intestinal parasitosis in childhood populations of Latin origin. Lessons from a
      survey of 129 such children in Hartford Connecticut.

PMID- 971568
TI  - Mercury poisoning in children. The value of N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine in a
      combined therapeutic approach.

PMID- 971569
TI  - Torsion of the appendix testis. A survey of 22 cases.

PMID- 971570
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia in a ten-year-old boy. An undesirable sequel of phenothiazine
      medication.

PMID- 971571
TI  - Needle perforation  of the liver in an abused infant.

PMID- 971572
TI  - Anemia and growth failure.

PMID- 971573
TI  - Gas exchange during exercise in healthy people. I. The physiological dead-space
      volume.
AB  - 1. Physiological dead-space volume (V D) was measured in twenty-four healthy men
      and women aged from 20 to 71 years, at rest and at two rates of work on a
      treadmill, whilst breathing air and breathing oxygen. 2. The effect of correction
      of arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa,CO2) to pulmonary capillary temperature on
      the resulting value for V D was investigated. We find that the effect is
      substantial and that a correction should be made. 3. Equations have been derived
      for the prediction of normal V D during exercise. The best prediction was given
      by a regression on height, age, carbon dioxide output, ventilation and
      respiratory frequency, with an upper 95% confidence limit of +81 ml.

PMID- 971574
TI  - Gas exchange during exercise in healthy people II. Venous admixture.
AB  - 1. Venous admixture/cardiac output ratio (Qva/Qt) has been measured in twenty
      four healthy volunteer subjects of both sexes aged 20-71 years, at rest and
      during the steady state of treadmill exercise at two rates of work, and breathing
      air and breathing oxygen. 2. With oxygen breathing, Qva/Qt was considerably less
      during exercise than during the time subjects were taking either normal or deep
      breaths of oxygen at rest, and did not significantly increase with the intensity
      of exercise. It is postulated that the increase in ventilation during exercise
      opens most or all of those alveoli which, during oxygen breathing at rest, close
      because of critically low ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratios. 3. With air
      breathing, Qva/Qt fell from rest to exercise (especially in older subjects),
      presumably due to improved ventilation of alveoli at the lung bases. With an
      increase in work rate Qva/Qt increased in all age groups. This increase was not
      due to increase in the shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), nor to limitation of diffusing
      capacity; it arose from an increase in V/Q variance. 4. Equations have been
      derived for the prediction of normal Qva/Qt during exercise, with or without
      correction for the effects of increasing pulmonary capillary temperature. These
      effects do not materially influence the accuracy of prediction, but may be
      relevant to some of the interpretations. In particular, they provide a further
      indication that Qs/Qt probably cannot be measured by breathing oxygen at rest,
      even in deep breathing.

PMID- 971575
TI  - Effects of parathyroid hormone on sodium and calcium transport in the dog
      nephron.
AB  - 1. The effect of purified bovine parathyroid hormone on renal tubular
      reabsorption of sodium and calcium has been studied by micropuncture in intact
      and recently thyroparathyroidectomized dogs. 2. Parathyroid hormone increased the
      rejection of sodium and calcium proportionately at the late proximal tubule in
      both intact and operated dogs. 3. In both groups of dogs, there was increased
      delivery of sodium and calcium to the distal tubule after the hormone. However,
      the Ca/Na ratio decreased, suggesting some selective enhancement of calcium
      reabsorption before the superficial distal puncture site. 4. In the final urine,
      the Ca/Na ratio decreased highly significantly in both groups of dogs, indicating
      a further selective effect of parathyroid hormone on calcium reabsorption in or
      beyond the distal convoluted tubule.

PMID- 971576
TI  - Chloride depletion and hypochloraemia as a cause of renal sodium and water loss
      in the rat.
AB  - 1. To study the effects of chloride depletion, without sodium depletion or change
      in plasma tonicity, on renal excretion of sodium and water, a single exchange
      peritoneal dialysis was performed in rats against a solution of glucose (15 g/1)
      containing either NaCl (150 mmol/l, control) or NaHCO3 (150 mmol/l,
      experimental); KHCO3 (4mmol/l)was added to both solutions. All rats were prepared
      before dialysis by a low NaCl diet for 10 days. 2. Peritoneal dialysis against
      NAHCO3 consistently produced a negative sodium and water balance compared with
      dialysis against NaCl. Despite this, subsequent electrolyte balance for 3 days
      showed that chloride-depleted rats excreted significantly more sodium and water
      and had a reduced urinary osmolality as compared with control animals. Increased
      sodium and water loss were unexplained by osmotic or bicarbonate diuresis.
      Kaliuresis was seen in the chloride-depleted rats but muscle potassium was not
      significantly depressed. 3. With sodium and water loss and continued renal
      chloride conservation, plasma chloride rose on the average from 88 mmol/l after
      dialysis against NaHCO3 to 100 mmol/l (control 104 mmol/l) at 72 h. Concomitant
      with this increase in plasma [C1-], on the third day after dialysis, during
      hydropenia, urinary osmolality and papillary [Na+] were not different from
      control cencentrations. 4. It is postulated that chloride depletion and/or
      hypochloraemia leads to diminished chloride transport in the loop of Henle and
      that this causes reduced sodium transport into the medulla, impaired
      concentration ability and inappropriate urinary sodium loss.

PMID- 971577
TI  - Urinary excretion of peptides and of hydroxyproline in Wilson's disease.
AB  - 1. A study has been made of peptide excretion in twenty cases of Wilson's
      disease, ligand-exchange column chromatography being used to separate peptides
      from free amino acids. Previous reports of excess of peptide output in the
      disease were confirmed and the excess was shown to be highly significant
      statistically. 2. A considerable fraction of the excess of peptide output was
      shown to consist of hydroxyproline-containing peptides derived from collagen
      degradation. 3. The method of rank correlation showed that the difference both in
      free amino acid and peptide-bound amino acid output in cases of Wilson's disease
      and in control subjects was mainly quantitative; the pattern of amino acid
      excretion was qualitatively similar in both groups. 4. Evidence is presented that
      the increase copper output in the urine in the disease is not secondary to
      peptiduria.

PMID- 971578
TI  - A study in vivo of peritubular oncotic pressure and proximal tubular reabsorption
      in the rat.
AB  - 1. Peritubular capillary microperfusion was used to examine the effects of
      protein-free and hyperoncotic homologous plasma on fluid reabsorption by proximal
      convoluted tubules in the hydropenic rat. 3H-labelled p-aminohippurate was added
      to perfusates for the purpose of estimating the extent to which tubules under
      study were bathed by the perfusates. [14C]Mannitol was added to perfusates in
      order to detect contamination of collected tubular fluid by perfusates. 2.
      Hydrostatic pressures were monitored in the peritubular microvasculature and
      adjacent proximal tubules during perfusion. Evidence for secretion of p
      aminohippurate from perfusate into tubules under study was determined by
      collecting tubular fluid from both early and late puncture site. Fractional and
      absolute reabsorption were not affected by either the protein-free or the
      hyperoncotic plasma. 3. When acetazolamide was added to the perfusate both
      fractional and absolute reabsorptive rates decreased by an average of 36%,
      indicating that the techniques were capable of detecting a decrease in proximal
      tubular reabsorption. 4. It is concluded that under the conditions of this study
      changes in peritubular capillary protein concentrations have no detectable effect
      on the rate of proximal convoluted tubule fluid reabsorption.

PMID- 971579
TI  - Elimination of cholesterol in hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - 1. Cholesterol intake (about 0-25 mmol/day) and the faecal excretion of
      cholesterol, coprostanol and coprostanone were determined in normolipidaemic
      control subjects and hyperlipidaemic patients, whose bile acid kinetics had been
      previously studied. 2. The combined excretion of the neutral steroids (excluding
      plant sterol and plant sterol metabolites) averaged 1-07 +/- 0-13 (+/
      SEM)mmol/day in the control subjects (n=14). The corresponding values in patients
      with hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIa (n=19), IIb (n=12) and IV (n=23) were 0-86 +/
      0-10, 0-93 +/- 0-11 and 1-48 +/- 0-17 mmol/day respectively. 3. The mean values
      for the net steroid "balance", defined as the combined amount of bile acid
      synthesized (determined by an isotope-dilution technique) and the faecal
      excretion of neutral steroids minus cholesterol intake, were 1-83 +/- 0-22
      mmol/day in the control subjects and 1-60 +/- 0-15, 1-81 +/- 0-19 and 3-53 +/- 0
      23 mmol/day in patients with type IIa, IIb and IV lipoprotein patterns
      respectively. 4. No significant correlations between net steroid "balance" and
      sex, age, serum lipid concentrations, body weight or body surface area were found
      in any of the groups of subjects. 5. It is concluded that patients with type II
      hyperlipoproteinaemia eliminate cholesterol as bile acids and neutral faecal
      steroids normally. The type IV lipoprotein pattern is associated with increased
      bile acid synthesis and/or elevated faecal excretion of neutral steroids, so that
      the net steroid "balance" is usually above the normal limit.

PMID- 971580
TI  - A study of changes in whole-body calcium, phosphorus, sodium and nitrogen by
      neutron activation analysis in vivo in rats on a calcium-deficient diet.
AB  - 1. A method of measuring changes in the total body content of calcium,
      phosphorus, nitrogen and sodium in rats by activation analysis in vivo is
      described. 2. The change in the body content of the elements has been measured in
      rats on a calcium-deficient diet and in control animals, the body nitrogen being
      used to represent lean body mass for normalization. 3. There were siginificant
      differences in Ca/N and P/N but not in Ca/P ratios between the animals on a
      deficient diet and control animals at the end of the dietary period.

PMID- 971581
TI  - The effect of aluminium hydroxide orally on calcium, phosphorus and aluminium
      metabolism in normal subjects.
AB  - 1. Five normal subjects were given 100 ml of aluminium hydroxide gel per day for
      28 days. 2. The phosphorus balance became more positive in one subject, less
      negative in two and changed from negative to positive in the other two subjects.
      This was accompanied by a rise in the concentration of the fasting morning plasma
      phosphorus. Calcium balance did not change. 3. The normal subjects absorbed  0-3
      3-6 mmol of aluminium/day, which is significantly less than that absorbed by five
      patients with chronic renal failure, three of whom were studied before, and two
      after, the observations on the normal subjects had been completed. 4. In a
      further five normal subjects on 100 ml of aluminium hydroxide gel/day the 08.00
      hours concentration of plasma phosphorus did not fall, though there was a fall at
      11.00, 14.00 and 17.00 hours.

PMID- 971582
TI  - [Trimethoquinol by intravenous administration. II. Ventilatory and hemogasometric
      effects].

PMID- 971583
TI  - [Study of bilirubin kinetics in a case of Dubin-Johnson syndrome before and after
      treatment with UDPG].

PMID- 971584
TI  - The effect of cryogenic storage on human erythrocyte membrane proteins as
      determined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the effects of freezing on the major membrane
      proteins of isolated human erythrocyte membranes. Membranes in low or normal
      ionic strength medium were frozen at slow or fast freezing rates. The membrane
      protein composition and elution of proteins from the membranes were studied
      utilizing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in a sodium dodecyl sulfate or an
      acetic acid-urea-phenol solvent system. Neither a change in the composition of
      the membrane proteins nor any elution of membrane protein during freezing and
      thawing was observed. The data indicate that any human erythrocyte membrane
      damage during freezing and thawing was not related to a change in major membrane
      protein composition. Human red cell membranes were stable at --80 or -
      196degreesC in the absence of a cryoprotective agent.

PMID- 971585
TI  - Survival of frozen-thawed human red cells as a function of cooling and warming
      velocities.
AB  - Human red cells were equilibrated for 30 min at 20degreesC in buffered saline
      containing 2 M glycerol and then frozen to --196degreesC at 0.27, 1.7, 59, 180,
      480, 600, and 1300degreesC/min and warmed at 0.47, 1, 26, 160, and
      550degreesC/min. Cells frozen at 600 and 1300degreesC/min responded in the
      classical fashion for cells containing intracellular ice; i.e., survivals were
      low when warming was slow (less than 10%), but increased progressively with
      increasing warming rate. The sensitivity to slow warming presumably reflects the
      recrystallization of intracellular ice. Cells frozen at 59 and 180degreesC/min
      yielded high survivals at all warming rates. This response is also consistent
      with the findings for other cells cooled just slowly enough to preclude
      intracellular ice. Cells frozen very slowly at 0.27 and 1.7degreesC/min, however,
      responded differently; survivals were considerably higher when warming was slow
      (0.47 or 1degreesC/min) than when it was 26, 160, or 550degreesC/min. This
      response is analogous to that observed recently by others in mouse embryos and in
      higher plant tissue-culture cells and to that observed for many years in higher
      plants. It also confirms previous observations of Meryman in human red cells. It
      may reflect osmotic shock from rapid dilution but, if so, the basis of the
      osmotic shock is uncertain.

PMID- 971586
TI  - A membrane model describing the effect of temperature on the water conductivity
      of erythrocyte membranes at subzero temperatures.
AB  - Thermodynamic models show that the loss of intracellular water from human
      erythrocytes during freezing depends heavily upon the water conductivity of the
      erythrocyte membrane. These calculations, which are based on the simple
      extrapolation of ambient conductivity data to subzero temperatures, show that
      more than 95% of cell water is transferable during freezing, whereas experiments
      show that at least 20% of cell water is retained. A study of the effects of
      different published values for the membrane water conductivity on cell water
      retained during freezing shows that this discrepancy may be a consequence of the
      simple extrapolation procedure. For a homogeneous membrane system, absolute
      reaction rate theory was used to develop a surface-limited permeation model that
      includes the resistance to the flow of water not only through the interior region
      of the membrane but also across possible rate-limiting barriers at the solution
      membrane interfaces. The model shows that it is unlikely that a single rate
      limiting process dominates water transport in the red cell as it is being cooled
      from ambient to subzero temperatures. The effective membrane conductivity at
      subzero temperatures could possible be much lower than a simple extrapolation of
      existing data would predict. With the aid of this model analytical predictions of
      intracellular water during freezing are more consistent with experimental
      observations.

PMID- 971587
TI  - The immunological capacity of peripheral lymphocytes in a blast-transformation
      system using frozen-stored cells.
AB  - Suspensions of isolated peripheral lymphocytes were frozen to --95degreesC using
      a programmed freezing apparatus and dimethyl sulphoxide as a cryoprotective
      agent. In comparisons among fresh cells, frozen cells, and cells stored in
      storage medium, freezing was found to be the best method of storage with
      retention of almost the same immunocapacity as fresh cells and with the same
      coefficients of variation for results after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin,
      pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, purified protein derivative, and allogenic
      cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures as was obtained with fresh cells. Blast
      transformation was found to be dependent on the number of cells in the cultures,
      the amount of [14C]thymidine added, and the amount of phytohemagglutinin used by
      independent of the amounts of pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A. The maximum
      responses for normal lymphocytes and lymphocytes from uremic patients after
      stimulation with phytohemagglutinin occurred simultaneously, but after
      stimulation with allogenic cells maximum response was obtained earlier for
      "uremic" than for normal lymphocytes. It was concluded that frozen-stored
      lymphocytes are suitable for in vitro quantitative measurements of the cellular
      immune response in an immunological sequential study provided that the above
      mentioned factors are well defined.

PMID- 971588
TI  - The influence of different freezing procedures and different cryoprotective
      agents on the immunological capacity of frozen-stored lymphocytes.
AB  - The influence of a series of factors on the frozen storage of lymphocytes was
      investigated. The cells were frozen using different freezing programmes, using
      the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulphoxide and glycerol in different concentrations
      in the freezing medium, and with variations in the period of exposure of cells to
      cryoprotectants before freezing and after thawing. Cell viability was evaluated
      by quantitative measurements of the cell-mediated immune response after
      stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, and
      allogenic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The factors investigated were found
      to have an important effect on the immune response, so that careful investigation
      and exact specification of the freezing system are necessary before frozen cells
      are used in blast-transformation tests. The best freezing programme had a
      duration of approximately 40 min with a smooth progression through the
      temperature range where phase transition takes place. The optimum dimethyl
      sulphoxide concentration in this programme was 8--10%. Dimethyl sulphoxide had no
      toxic effect on the cells, and no equilibration period was necessary prior to
      freezing. An equilibration period of 15 min with 10% glycerol was even better
      than the optimum programme with dimethyl sulphoxide.

PMID- 971589
TI  - Survival of unprotected, mammalian plateau-phase cells following freezing in
      liquid nitrogen.
AB  - Unprotected, mammalian cells in plateau phase are at least a factor of four times
      more sensitive to freeze-thaw damage than exponential-phase cells. The former
      suffer about 15-20% more sublethal damage after one freeze-thaw cycle than the
      latter and repair this damage more slowly. Exposure of plateau-phase cells to
      freeze-thaw damage lengthens the time required to traverse the cell cycle in the
      exposed generation. These cells may more closely represent the state in tissues
      than exponential-phase populations.

PMID- 971590
TI  - Temperature profile in a cryogenic biological storage vessel.

PMID- 971591
TI  - Cytogenetics of the south american akodont rodents (cricetidae). II.
      Interspecific homology of G-banding patterns.

PMID- 971592
TI  - Mitotic cell studies based on in vivo observations VIII. The evolution of mitotic
      spindles in eukaryota: a negation of the breakdown of the nuclear membrane.

PMID- 971593
TI  - An analysis of the uncoiling effect of a BHT-Tween 80/absolute ethanol mixture on
      VelbanR arrested human metaphase cells.

PMID- 971594
TI  - Problems in evaluation of coronary care units.

PMID- 971595
TI  - Maximum enzyme values in acute myocardial infarction according to age, sex and
      different sites of infarction.

PMID- 971596
TI  - Four cases of congenitally corrected transposition with associated defects.

PMID- 971597
TI  - The influence of fasting and venous stasis on the serum values of calcium,
      magnesium, and protein.

PMID- 971598
TI  - "Worthless but harmless" drugs can be deadly.

PMID- 971599
TI  - The scintigraphic detection of acute myocardial infarction: how specific is it?

PMID- 971600
TI  - Coexisting left anterior hemiblock and inferior wall infarction.

PMID- 971601
TI  - Ventilation-perfusion alterations induced by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - Pulmonary perfusion (Q) and ventilation (V) scintiphotography was performed in 16
      patients undergoing diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopic examinations. Regional
      V/Q did not change in the majority of the patients who developed hypoxemia after
      bronchoscopic studies. An improvement in V/Q was detectable in the patients with
      a rise in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) after bronchoscopic examination, and
      this rise was associated in most with the removal of mucous plugs or extensive
      secretions. The data indicate that the behavior of PaO2 after bronchoscopic study
      is dependent upon both the extent of lavage and the yield of the procedure in
      terms of secretions and plugs. The results also indicate that the removal of
      secretions or plugs can be associated with rapid return of regional V and Q.

PMID- 971602
TI  - Pressure transducers as a source of bacteremia after open heart surgery. Report
      of an outbreak and guidelines for prevention.
AB  - During four weeks in 1974, eight (26 percent) of 31 intensive care unit patients
      who had undergone open-heart surgery developed symptomatic Pseudomonas cepacia
      bacteremia in the intensive care unit one to three days after the open-heart
      surgery. An investigation demonstrated that operating room pressure transducers
      were being contaminated during cleaning with a detergent that contained P cepacia
      at the rate of 10(4) organisms per milliliter and that the organisms were
      transmitted to patients after open-heart surgery as a result of one to three days
      of contact with transducer-monitoring lines used in the operating room and
      brought to the intensive care unit with the patient. Pressure-transducer
      contamination, a frequently unappreciated but preventable cause of nosocomial
      bacteremia, can be minimized by sterilizing transducers between use on different
      patients by paying strict attention to aseptic technique when setting up,
      calibrating, and using monitoring systems; and by changing transducers, tubing,
      and monitoring fluid for each monitored patient at regular intervals.

PMID- 971603
TI  - Clinical and roentgenographic manifestations of acute and chronic blastomycosis.
AB  - Roentgenograms and hospital records of 50 patients with blastomycosis proven by
      cultures were analyzed to determine possible differences between the acute and
      chronic forms of the illness. Six patients had acute blastomycosis with symptoms
      occurring three weeks or less prior to hospitalization. The remaining 44 patients
      had chronic illnesses with symptoms occurring up to six years (mean duration, ten
      months before hospitalization). The acute illness was characterized by toxic
      symptoms, chest pain without visible effusions, pneumonic-type consolidations on
      the chest films, and a relatively benign course. The chronic illness had less
      severe toxicity, but a high incidence of dissemination, with pleural reactions,
      hepatosplenomegaly, and cutaneous and osseous involvement. Sputum cultures were
      positive for Blastomyces dermatitidis in 36 of 46 patients; however, several
      specimens were frequently required for demonstration of the organism on wet
      preparations. Pleural fluid and material from skin lesions were also likely
      sources of the fungus. Skin tests and serologic studies were not helpful in most
      cases of either the acute or chronic form of the disease.

PMID- 971604
TI  - Surgery for congenital heart disease in the adult.
AB  - A total of 205 adults with a variety of congenital heart lesions underwent
      operation for total correction of their defects. Operative and long-term
      mortality were 3 and 4 percent, respectively. There has been only one operative
      death in the past five years (85 patients). While most defects were repaired with
      good hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement, the three lesions associated with
      the worst results were cyanotic tetralogy of Fallot, severe pulmonic stenosis
      complicated by atrial septal defect, and ostium primum atrial septal defect.
      Myocardial failure due to end-stage myocardial fibrosis was the major cause of
      operative mortality. Myocardial fibrosis and irreversible pulmonary changes
      seemed to be the two factors limiting operative correctio

PMID- 971605
TI  - Transtracheal selective bronchial brushing for pulmonary infiltrates in patients
      with cancer.
AB  - Patients with cancer frequently develop pneumonitis for which no cause is
      documented ante mortem. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques, such as sputum
      induction, are generally inadequate, especially in myelosuppressed patients. To
      avoid pulmonary contamination with organisms colonizing the oronasopharynx and to
      obtain uncontaminated speciemens, 38 patients underwent bronchial brushing
      utilizing a transtracheal approach after sputum induction and transtracheal
      aspiration failed to establish the etiology. Patients with thrombocytopenia were
      brushed after platelet transfusion. Eleven patients were not clinically
      considered to be infected; seven proved to have pulmonary metastases, of which
      one case was diagnosed by this technique; and four patients in whom no diagnosis
      was obtained by brushing subsequently proved to have interstitial fibrosis (three
      cases) or a collapsed lobe (one case). Twenty-seven patients were clinically
      presumed to be infected. Ultimately, 17 of these 27 patients were proven to have
      pulmonary infection, and 14 of these 17 were etiologically documented by
      brushing. In ten of the 27 patients presumed to be infected, no etiology could be
      established by any method. Seven of these ten patients were receiving broad
      spectrum antibiotic therapy at the time. Significant but nonfatal complications,
      including hemoptysis, pneumothorax, and cervical cellulitis, occurred in seven
      patients; however, this procedure is a relatively safe and useful method to
      include in the orderly evaluation of myelosuppressed cancer patients with
      suspected pulmonary infections.

PMID- 971606
TI  - Severe airway disease due to inhalation of fumes from cleansing agents.
AB  - A subject had severe airway obstruction and evidence of small-airway disease
      resulting from inhalation of "fumes" liberated during the course of mixing
      several drain-cleansing agents. The evidence in favor of the airways as the
      predominant site of damage was severe reduction of maximal expiratory flow in the
      presence of normal lung-recoil pressure in a nonsmoker who had no other known
      industrial exposures or predisposing respiratory conditions.

PMID- 971607
TI  - Esophageal perforation following use of esophageal airway.
AB  - The esophageal airway has gained increasing acceptance in airway management
      during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and its enthusiastic advocates are urging
      expansion of its use. A fatal case of esophageal perforation following the use of
      an esophageal airway is presented. Possible contributing factors are discussed. A
      modified esophageal airway which seems safer and more versatile, effective, and
      economic is described.

PMID- 971608
TI  - Chylopericardium with cardiac tamponade after cardiovascular surgery in two
      patients.
AB  - Two patients developed postoperative chylopericardium leading to acute cardiac
      tamponade. Delayed diagnosis and urgent throacotomy did not prevent death in
      three-month-old patient after the Glenn anastomosis of the superior vena cava to
      the right pulmonary artery, whereas early recognition of chylopericardium
      following repair of an interrupted aortic arch in an 11-week-old patient was
      successfully treated by tube pericardiostomy. The literature is reviewed, and an
      anatomic predisposition for post-surgical chylopericardium is proposed.

PMID- 971609
TI  - Three unusual complications resulting from attempted repair of partial anomalous
      pulmonary venous drainage.
AB  - The correction of shunts resulting from partial anomalous pulmonary venous
      drainage has become an accepted surgical procedure. Surgical complications, other
      than those that were purely postoperative, have been rare. The present report
      details the case histories of three patients with unusual complications resulting
      from this type of surgery. Unilateral pulmonary venous obstruction and repeated
      infections occurred in one patient. In another, obstruction of the superior vena
      cava resulted. In the third patient, an indaequate operation was performed when
      the site of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the coronary sinus
      was not recognized initially at the time of surgery.

PMID- 971610
TI  - Right and light ventricular dimensions as determinants of ventricular septal
      motion.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies were performed in 86 patients with right ventricular
      volume overload. In 45 of these 86 patients, 58 echocardiograms were performed at
      different intervals in the postoperative period. For control purposes, 60 normal
      subjects and 18 patients with right ventricular pressure overload were also
      examined. The right ventricular end-diastolic dimension (RVED) and the left
      ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVED) were measured on the echocardiograms.
      The RVED/LVED ratio was significantly elevated in patients with right ventricular
      volume overload. In all groups, a RVED/LVED ratio above 0.65 was usually
      associated with an abnormal motion of the septum; and on this basis the subjects
      with abnormal septal motion could clearly be separated from those with normal
      motion. After surgery, significant reductions of the RVED/LVED ratio were
      observed in patients whose septal motion reverted to normal. The RVED/LVED ratio
      remained significantly higher, usually above 0.65, in patients with persistent
      abnormal septal motion. These findings suggest that the relative sizes of the
      right and left ventricular cavities are probably major determinants of
      ventricular septal motion. Abnormal motion may result from a change in the end
      diastolic shape of the septum.

PMID- 971611
TI  - Roentgenogram of the month. Hemoptysis and eosinophilia in a young woman.

PMID- 971612
TI  - Diagnosis of aortic valvular prolapse by echocardiography.

PMID- 971613
TI  - Unmasking of dual atrioventricular nodal pathways with spontaneous premature
      ventricular contractions.

PMID- 971614
TI  - Demonstration of diffuse conduction disturbance in sick sinus syndrome utilizing
      simultaneous His bundle electrogram and timed vectorcardiogram.

PMID- 971615
TI  - Left anterior hemiblock of the 2:1 type in the presence of inferior wall
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - A case of inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) with left anterior hemiblock
      (LAH) is presented. The LAH became type 2:1 in the course of the disease.
      Electrocardiographic signs of LAH in the presence of IWMI are outlined, and the
      behavior and etiology of the T-wave changes are analyzed.

PMID- 971616
TI  - Intra-His bundle block complicating acute inferior myocardial infarction.
AB  - The unexpected findings of atrioventricular block or delay in the His bundle and
      proximal branches are described in a 51-year-old man with acute inferior
      myocardial infarction with narrow QRS complexes. With the information from the
      His bundle electrogram, the site of atrioventricular block is precisely
      localized.

PMID- 971617
TI  - Cardiac motion in total electrical alternans.
AB  - Gross pendular motion of the heart at half the heart rate was observed during
      cardiac catheterization and pericardiotomy in a patient with massive pericardial
      effusion and electrical alternans in the electrocardiogram. These observations
      support the hypothesis that total electrical alternans in pericardial effusion is
      a result of alternate change in cardiac position.

PMID- 971618
TI  - Mirror-image dextrocardia with thoracic-abdominal discordance and normal spleen.

PMID- 971619
TI  - Nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia and sinus rhythm with
      complete heart block distal to the His bundle. A case with isorhythmic atrial-His
      dissociation.

PMID- 971620
TI  - Retrieval of embolized central venous catheters by a Dormia ureteral stone
      dislodger with straight filiform tip.
AB  - Two cases are presented in which a Dormia ureteral stone dislodger with straight
      filiform tip was used to retrieve broken central venous pressure catheters from
      the right side of the heart and vena cavae. It should be emphasized that this
      particular model is more easily passed into the vascular system and more easily
      manipulated within the vascular system. The delicate filiform tip also
      contributes to greater safety. It should also be emphasized that entrapment of
      the proximal tip of a fractured central venous pressure catheter is most ideal
      prior to extraction.

PMID- 971621
TI  - Clinical experience using a small-gauge needle for arterial puncture.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to ascertain the feasibility of using a 25-gauge
      needle for arterial punctures. A total of 11,500 arterial punctures were
      performed over the past four years by this technique without any major
      complication. Repeated arterial punctures were well tolerated by all patients,
      and the necessity for indwelling arterial catheters was almost totally eliminated
      during this period of study.

PMID- 971622
TI  - Anomalous double blood supply to the lung.
AB  - We report an unusual case in which an apparently normal upper lobe of the right
      lung was supplied by major systemic arterial and pulmonary arterial vessels. The
      anomalous artery arose from the descending aorta. Following interruption of this
      vessel, the machinery-like murmur previously present disappeared.

PMID- 971623
TI  - Rate-dependent premature beats in man.
AB  - Ventricular premature beats (VPBs) appeared in a patient after pacemaker
      insertion for complete heart block secondary to acute myocardial infarction.
      Contrary to expectations, the frequency of VPBs was directly related to the basic
      pacemaker rate. The VPBs are either reentrant beats or represent VPBs arising
      from pacemaker cells with "slow-response" characteristics, which have been shown
      to become more automatic with increasing rates of electrical stimulation. This
      case documents the phenomenon of rate dependency of VPBs in man and discusses its
      practical importance.

PMID- 971624
TI  - Ventricular unloading agents.

PMID- 971625
TI  - Intermittent mandatory ventilation.

PMID- 971626
TI  - Electrocardiographic terminology.

PMID- 971627
TI  - More female smokers: more female lung cancer.

PMID- 971628
TI  - Turner's syndrome and aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 971629
TI  - Corticosteroids for myocardial infarction and pericarditis.

PMID- 971630
TI  - Left anterior hemiblock or inadvertent lead misplacement?

PMID- 971631
TI  - Behavior modification in a residence and school for adolescent boys: a team
      approach.
AB  - A behavior modification program emphasizing close communication and cooperation
      between educators and child care workers has proved effective in a school for
      adolescent boys with learning and behavior problems.

PMID- 971632
TI  - A truancy program: the child welfare agency and the school.
AB  - A program devised to combine efforts of a child welfare agency and a public
      school system in combating truancy developed an effective working relationship.

PMID- 971633
TI  - Role of computerized axial tomography in diagnosis and treatment of common
      neurosurgical problems of infancy and childhood.
AB  - Computerized axial tomography (CAT) is a new, highly accurate technique for
      studying the skull and intracranial contents. It is rapid enough to be utilized
      in acute emergencies and safe enough to be utilized for routine serial followups
      and evaluation of outpatients with equivocal findings. Because CAT can delineate
      the ventricular system without need for contrast agent, can distinguish clearly
      between hematoma and edema and can differentiate cystic from solid tumors, it
      finds wide application in the evaluation of neurological disease.

PMID- 971634
TI  - Fetal Chiari's type III malformation.
AB  - The morphological findings in a 4- to 5-month-old female fetus with Chiari's type
      III malformation are described. This observation strongly supports the view that
      a defective closure of the roof plate is the primary cause of this malformation,
      and relates it to the Arnold-Chiari and Dandy-Walker syndromes.

PMID- 971635
TI  - Ependymomas of childhood. I. Histological survey and clinicopathological
      correlation.
AB  - We have conducted a correlative histological and clinical study on 34 cases of
      childhood ependymomas encountered at the Children's Memorial Hospital from 1953
      to 1974. The cases were classified into grades A, B and C according to the extent
      of cytological differentiation and the correlation between the histological
      grades and the clinical outcome was obtained. It is concluded that the biological
      behavior of an ependymoma could be predicted to a large extent by the degree of
      cytological differentiation and by its anatomical location. A large share of the
      infratentorial ependymomas are well differentiated (grade A) and prognosis in
      this group is good when complete surgical removal could be accomplished. Most of
      the supratentorial ependymomas belong to the intermediate grade B and the
      malignant grade C; prognosis in these two grades is less predictable,
      approximately two thirds of these patients died within 3 years. The most
      malignant form is the ependymoblastoma. This is a highly primitive neoplasm
      histologically similar to medulloblastoma but shows evidence of ependymal
      differentiation. Most of the ependymoblastomas are located in the supratentorial
      region and the average length of survival is 20 months.

PMID- 971636
TI  - Cephalocranial disproportion. A complication of the treatment of hydrocephalus in
      children.
AB  - Eight children with hydrocephalus showed signs of posterior fossa tonsillar
      impaction despite arrest of the hydrocephalus and patency of their CSF shunts.
      Contrast studies performed because of their clinical deterioration demonstrated
      cerebellar tonsillar herniation, and at posterior fossa decompression, this was
      confirmed in all cases. Improvement followed decompression. The pathogenesis of a
      state of cephalocranial disproportion following successful treatment of
      hydrocephalus resulting in symptomatic tonsillar herniation, is discussed.

PMID- 971637
TI  - Spinal cord seeding from cerebellar astrocytomas.
AB  - Three juvenile patients with cerebellar astrocytomas which have seeded the spinal
      subarachnoid space are presented. Histologic verification of the similarity
      between the posterior fossa tumor and its spinal implant was obtained in two of
      the three patients. The cerebellar tumors in all cases have been benign (grade
      I),and the behavior, other than their seeding has also been indolent. Review of
      pertinent literature discloses no similar experience with cerebellar
      astrocytomas. Aggressive therapy is advocated for the rare patient with
      subarachnoid seeding from this benign lesion.

PMID- 971638
TI  - Headache in classical hemophilia. The risk of diagnostic procedures.
AB  - Headache in a hemophiliac poses a major problem. The fact that at least half of
      hemophiliacs with proven intracranial hemorrhage present with a headache but no
      preexisting injury, requires an aggressive approach to the management of these
      patients. Recent articles point out successful instances of craniotomy in
      hemophilia, but relatively few hemophiliacs with headaches progress to that
      stage. We have reviewed the literature and added three cases in an attempt to
      establish the risk of spinal puncture and cerebral angiography in the evaluation
      of these patients. The data presented suggests that with replacement therapy and
      attention to angiographic technique, both procedures may be performed with
      minimal risk.

PMID- 971639
TI  - Subacute radiation myelopathy in a 12-year-old boy.
AB  - Rapid onset over several days of a complete transverse myelopathy occurred 3 1/2
      months after completion of mediastinal radiation for Hodgkin's disease in a 12
      year-old boy. Postmortem examination revealed low cervical and high thoracic
      radiation myelopathy. The name "subacute radiation myelopathy" is proposed for
      this type of rapidly developing myelopathy.

PMID- 971640
TI  - [Major angiodysplasia with monomelic topography. Postoperative development
      followed for over 10 years].

PMID- 971641
TI  - [Cystic lymphangioma of the greater omentum].

PMID- 971642
TI  - [Perforation of gastric cancer into the peritoneal cavity. Apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 971643
TI  - [Bilateral juxta-epididymal metastases manifesting gastric adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 971644
TI  - [Transgastric endoscopic study of the cardia before and after hiatal hernia
      surgery].

PMID- 971645
TI  - Methadone maintenance -- addiction redefined.

PMID- 971646
TI  - Actuarial justification for choice of drug treatment for psychiatric patients.

PMID- 971647
TI  - Recognition of depressed affect in hospitalized psychiatric patients: staff and
      patient perceptions.
AB  - A comparison of self-report vs. observer rating of depressed mood in a
      heterogenous inpatient population revealed wide variations in concordance among
      diagnostic groups. Patients diagnosed as having Affective Psychosis and ""Other''
      illnesses showed the highest correlation between four self-report scales and an
      observer rating scale. Patients with a diagnosis of depressive Neurosis showed
      only modest correlation, while Schizophrenics revealed no significant
      correlation, on these instruments, suggesting inconsistent communication of
      affect from Schizophrenic patients to observers. In contrast, when self-report
      scales were intercorrelated, patients in all four diagnostic categories showed
      highly significant correlations, indicating that they were consistently reporting
      their affective state on these instruments. The implications of these findings
      for future research as well as for practical clinical management are discussed.

PMID- 971648
TI  - Phencyclidine toxicity: ""animal tranquilizer'' reactions.

PMID- 971649
TI  - One year follow-up of obese subjects treated with behavior therapy.

PMID- 971650
TI  - A synergistic relationship.

PMID- 971651
TI  - Group therapy for patients with hysteria (Briquet's disorder).
AB  - It was found that group therapy helped patients with hysteria by (1) satisfying
      their need to talk (2) lessening their concern about their physical symptoms (3)
      giving them important knowledge of the illness (4) giving them new ways of
      handling the illness by themselves (5) giving them the support and the
      companionship of the other group members (6) reducing their need of medicines (7)
      reducing psychiatry visits (8) helping them to get along better with their
      families (9) increasing their self-confidence and (10) improving their mood.

PMID- 971652
TI  - Changes in serum dopamine beta hydroxylase activity related to coma.
AB  - Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (DBH) activity was determined in 24 deeply comatose
      patients enrolled in the Collaborative Study of Cerebral Survival. All patients
      had been without cerebral responsiveness or spontaneous respirations for at least
      15 minutes. Patients were examined, EEGs performed and blood for DBH drawn within
      24 hours of the cerebral insult. DBH activity was lower in the deeply comatose
      patients than in a group of 51 age matched normal individuals. It is postulated
      that destruction or inactivation of the central nervous system (CNS) and
      particularly of the cerebrum may result in lowered serum DBH activity through
      decreased activation of sympathetic nerve terminals.

PMID- 971653
TI  - Drug discontinuation among long term, successfully maintained schizophrenic
      outpatients.

PMID- 971654
TI  - Psychotropic drug use in five city hospitals.

PMID- 971655
TI  - Clinical neuropathological conference. Anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma.

PMID- 971656
TI  - Mental illness in a family court.

PMID- 971657
TI  - Suicide and the participation of others.

PMID- 971658
TI  - [DNA replication in a primary culture of human hepatocytes].

PMID- 971659
TI  - [Growth inhibition by platinum (II) complexes in relation to their structure].

PMID- 971660
TI  - [Effect of the molecular weight of polyuridylic acid and the presence of
      ribosomal protein S1 on the stability of the complex of transport RNA with small
      ribosomal subunits].

PMID- 971661
TI  - [Active intermediate compound of tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase with tryptophan].

PMID- 971662
TI  - [Affinity chromatography of serum albumin on synthetic polymeric adsorbents].

PMID- 971663
TI  - [Mapping of phage lambda DNA using the antibiotic distamycin].

PMID- 971664
TI  - [New copper-containing protein from the brain].

PMID- 971665
TI  - [Dynamics of phase asymmetry in basic EEG rhythms during short-term memory of
      verbal information].

PMID- 971666
TI  - The management of obesity.

PMID- 971667
TI  - Oncocytoma of the epiglottis.

PMID- 971668
TI  - Tympanotomy with tympanolysis.

PMID- 971669
TI  - Preoperative and postoperative hearing loss in chronic ear disease.

PMID- 971670
TI  - Giant cell reparative granuloma of ethmoid concurrent with carcinoma of nasal
      sinuses.

PMID- 971671
TI  - Some aspects of allergy in clinical rhinology.

PMID- 971672
TI  - Regression of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma achieved by combined
      therapy.
AB  - A case of renal cell carcinoma with successive multiple bone metastases which
      survived over a 36-month period is presented. A clinical and radiological
      regression of bone lesions was obtained by means of combined therapy (hormone
      therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy), after the original tumor had been
      removed.

PMID- 971673
TI  - A new approach to the kidney in kyphoscoliosis.

PMID- 971674
TI  - The prognosis of pelviureteric obstruction in childhood: a review of 190 cases.
AB  - 190 children with pelviureteric obstruction are reviewed. Their symptoms are
      analysed and the pre- and post-operative radiographic appearances are assessed.
      The results are very encouraging with a clinical improvement in the majority of
      patients, free ureteric drainage in almost all and an improvement in the calyceal
      pattern in 65.9%.

PMID- 971675
TI  - The single ectopic ureter.
AB  - 32 cases of single ectopic ureter have been reviewed. The more remote the ectopic
      orifice opens from its normal position the more severe were the associated renal
      anomalies. In the great majority of cases, the corresponding kidney was
      dysplastic and radiographically functionless. An embryological explanation is
      proposed to account for the association of single ectopic ureter with a
      dysplastic kidney. Clinical symptomatology was dribbling incontinence in most
      female cases and various urogenital complaints in male. An accurate preoperative
      diagnosis is usually reached with a pyelogram and micturating cystogram. In some
      female cases a vaginogram or direct puncture and opacification of a vaginal
      cystic mass may be contributive. In the male, a radiological non-functioning
      kidney on one side of the urogram associated with a cystic mass palpated above
      the prostate is pathognomonic of an ectopic ureter opening in the seminal tract.
      Deferentography may confirm this diagnosis. Treatment of the condition is
      surgical. In the great majority of cases nephroureterectomy is required. In the
      male, the abnormal seminal tract involved in this complex malformation should
      also be removed.

PMID- 971676
TI  - Partial nephrectomy for renal tumour: 21 cases.
AB  - Partial nephrectomy has been performed in 21 cases of kidney tumours. It can be
      used for well-limited parenchymatous tumours and obligatory in patients with a
      solitary kidney, but is not advisable for tumours originating in the urothelium.
      These results are compared with the parallel experience with radical surgery and
      followed during 46 years in the same centre, they give a greater value to this
      study and encourage the reasoned practice of partial nephrectomy for tumours
      especially in the solitary kidney.

PMID- 971677
TI  - Treatment of interstitial cystitis with immunosuppression and chloroquine
      derivatives.
AB  - Azathioprine, an immunosuppressive agent, was given to 38 patients presenting
      with intestinal cystitis. Pain disappeared completely in 22 patients and
      pollakiuria did the same in 20 patients, including two very severe cases with
      very contracted bladder. Chloroquine or oxychloroquine, usually combined with
      salicylate, was given to 22 patients. Pain disappeared in 11 patients and
      pollakiuria in 4 patients. No effect was noted in 10 patients in the azathioprine
      group and in 8 patients in the chloroquine group. The remaining patients had
      partial alleviation. The results are analyzed separately for various grades of
      severity. Spontaneous cure can be expected only in 11% of cases of interstitial
      cystitis calculated from a large series. Immunosuppression or chloroquine
      derivates are indicated for patients who do not respond to other treatments.

PMID- 971678
TI  - Endocrine effects of oestrogen treatment in patients with prostatic cancer.
AB  - In 36 men with prostatic cancer, the following findings were obtained:
      intravenous administration of 12.0 g diethylstilboestrol diphosphate (DSDP)
      induced a relatively slight decrease of the LH plasma level from 22.7 +/- 11.8 to
      7.7 +/- 3.6 mIU/ml (34%), whereas the total testosterone plasma level decreased
      from 435.3 +/- 187.8 to 29.9 +/- 16.4 ng/100 ml (6.7%) suggesting a direct
      inhibitory effect of the oestrogen on testicular testosterone secretion. The
      apparently free, biologically active testosterone plasma level even decreased
      from 6.2 +/- 3.7 to 0.21 +/- 0.16 ng/100 ml (3.4%), due to the oestrogen-induced
      increase of the concentration of testosterone-binding beta-globulin (from 9.6 +/-
      4.4 to 20.6 +/- 10.7-10(-8) M). 3--7 days after additional orchidectomy plus
      subcutaneous implantation of 100 mg dienoestrol diacetate a further decrease of
      the apparently free testosterone plasma level from 0.21 +/- 0.16 to 0.14 +/- 0.07
      ng/100 ml was found. In contrast, 6 weeks after orchidectomy without oestrogen
      implantation a significant increase of th- apparently free testosterone plasma
      level -rom 0.21 %/- 0.16 to 0.34 +/- 0.15 ng/100 ml was observed (p less than
      0.01). In view of these findings the biologically active free testosterone plasma
      level appears to be even more suppressed by intravenous administration of high
      DSDP than by orchidectomy. The most effective suppression of apparently free
      testosterone was achieved, however, by oestrogen treatment combined with
      orchidectomy.

PMID- 971679
TI  - Crystaloptical and spectroscopical findings with calcium oxalate crystals in the
      urine sediment: a contribution to the genesis of oxalate stones.
AB  - Transmitted light microscope and scanning electron microscope investigations
      reveal various shapes of urine calcium oxalate crystals. In addition to
      tetragonal bipyramids, weddellite forms further crystal shapes that have been
      heretofore interpreted exclusively as whewellite crystals. Weddellite is
      stabilized by urine foreign ions. In vivo formation of whewellite crystals occurs
      with massive crystallization only.

PMID- 971680
TI  - Chemical sympathectomy with phenol for chronic prostatic pain.
AB  - A case of chronic prostatitis where conventional chemotherapy and repeated
      transurethral resections failed to relieve pain is described. A cutaneous uretero
      entero anastomosis was performed for troublesome pain and incontinence and only a
      permanent sympathetic block with phenol at the level of L4 achieved complete pain
      relief.

PMID- 971681
TI  - Nephroureterectomy in urinary tuberculosis.
AB  - 130 total nephroureterectomies were performed for advanced renal tuberculosis
      with multiple ureteric stenoses. The important part played by ureteric lesions in
      maintaining vesical foci after simple nephrectomy is emphasised. The operation
      performed through the lumbar and intraperitoneal route does not carry any risk.

PMID- 971682
TI  - Evaluation of histological malignant stages of epithelial bladder tumours: a
      simplified classification.
AB  - A simplified practical histological classification of four stages of bladder
      epithelial tumours is proposed in accordance with the terminology adopted by WHO.
      The structural characters of neoplastic elements are considered with respect to
      their relations with the basal membrane delimiting the epithelia. This criterion
      gives valid information regarding real malignancy of the tumour and may be
      applied to biopsies obtained endoscopically. This is very important not only with
      regard to prognosis but also to therapeutic indications.

PMID- 971683
TI  - Normal urographic findings in Nigerians.
AB  - A review of excretory urographic studies in Nigerians at the Lagos University
      Teaching Hospital shows that the average renal lengths in adult patients is 12.2
      cm. Male patients had slightly longer kidneys than females while the left kidney
      was longer and higher than the right in most cases and in both sexes. There was
      symmetry in the pelvicaliceal architecture of both kidneys of the same patient in
      85% of cases while disparity in renal length for the same patient was less than
      1.5 cm in 89% of cases. Pelviureteric duplication was seen in 4.4% of patients
      with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The results obtained for the Nigerian
      patients are not significantly different from those obtained by other authors on
      caucasians.

PMID- 971684
TI  - Ureteric obstruction associated with uterine prolapse.
AB  - 14 cases of ureteric obstruction in patients with uterine prolapse are presented.
      The clinical, radiological, endoscopic and surgical observations are considered
      and discussed. Ureteric dilatation develops in two successive stages each of
      which has a different mechanism. In the first stage, stretching of the terminal
      ureter leads to a fusiform and gradual dilatation. In the second more advanced
      stage, caudal and posterior displacement of the trigone and bladder base leads to
      a rotation of the intramural ureter forming a sharp angle with the juxtavesical
      ureter, causing further ureteric obstruction. These observations emphasize the
      importance of urographical evaluation in patients with uterine prolapse.

PMID- 971685
TI  - The physiology and pathophysiology of the ureter.
AB  - A review is given of the theories concerning the transport of urine from the
      calyces to the bladder. The application of hydrodynamic laws on the propulsion of
      urine, the visco-elastic characteristics of the ureter wall, the myogenic versus
      the neurogenic origin of spontaneous activity of the ureter and the presence of
      pacemaker areas, are discussed. The changes of peristaltic activity and
      intraluminal pressure during obstruction, infection and reflux are summarized.

PMID- 971686
TI  - Complete bilateral ureteral obstruction secondary to pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 971687
TI  - Continent ileal bladder: first clinical experience.

PMID- 971688
TI  - Recent trends in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PMID- 971689
TI  - Tolerance of CNS to total body irradiation combined with chemotherapy applied for
      the treatment of leukemia.

PMID- 971690
TI  - The immunoglobulins in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 971691
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of estradiol receptor protein from human mammary carcinoma -
      a comparison to sucrose gradient analysis.

PMID- 971692
TI  - Age at menarche as a prognostic factor in human breast cancer.

PMID- 971693
TI  - The relationship of DNA polymerase activity to cell cycle stage.

PMID- 971694
TI  - Plasma hormones in patients with advanced breast cancer treated with tamoxifen.

PMID- 971695
TI  - Breast cancer in Britain and Japan: plasma oestradiol-17beta, oestrone and
      progesterone,and their urinary metabolites in normal British and Japanese women.

PMID- 971696
TI  - The nature of benzo[alpha]pyrene binding to DNA in an epithelial cell culture
      system.

PMID- 971697
TI  - Cell proliferation in the mammary glands of the mouse during prolonged unilateral
      lactation.

PMID- 971698
TI  - Control of an EL4 lymphoma in nude mice by passively administered antibody.

PMID- 971699
TI  - Metabolism of digitoxin in man and its modification by spironolactone.
AB  - The effect of spironolactone on the metabolism of intravenously administered 3H
      digitoxin (80 muCi) was investigated in eight patients. In three of them the
      labelled glycoside was given on a second occasion after spironolactone treatment
      had been discontinued for at least 65 days. Of total urinary radioactivity 79%
      was unaltered drug and 12% consisted of water soluble compounds. No digitoxigenin
      or digoxigenin and only trace amounts (less than 2 %) of digoxin and the bis- and
      monoglycosides of digoxigenin were found. After spironolactone total urinary
      radioactivity was unchanged but the fraction eliminated as unchanged digitoxin
      fell from 79 to 66 % and the water soluble compounds increased from 12 to 26 % (p
      less than 0.05). In addition spironolactone caused a 20 ( reduction in the half
      life of serum radioactivity (p less than 0.01) and a  16 % reduction in the
      volume of distribution (p less than 0.05). Induction of hepatic enzymes by
      spironolactone is proposed to explain the alteration in the metabolism of
      digitoxin in man. Both the altered metabolic pattern and the reduction in the
      volume of distribution appear to contribute to the reduction in half-life.

PMID- 971700
TI  - Mechanism of the interaction of propranolol and a potent vasodilator
      antihypertensive agent - minoxidil.
AB  - A study, using non-invasive techniques, was carried out in ten patients with
      essential hypertension to examine the mechanism of the hypotensive effect of
      propranolol when used in combination with a potent vasodilator antihypertensive -
      minoxidil. The hypotensive effect of minoxidil, a mean (+/- SEM) decrease of 42.4
      +/- 4.3 mm Hg, was accompanied by a marked increase in heart rate, cardiac index
      and plasma renin activity and a significant decrease in total peripheral
      resistance, limb vascular resistance and pre-ejection period. Addition of
      propranolol further reduced mean arterial pressure by an average of 12.9 +/- 2.0
      mm Hg. Propranolol returned cardiac index to control values and total peripheral
      resistance index rose but not to control levels. Plasma renin activity was
      significantly reduced by propranolol. By multiple regression analysis no
      correlation was found between propranolol-induced decrease in mean arterial
      pressure and changes in cardiac index, total peripheral resistance index or
      plasma renin activity. Quantitatively, the reduction in cardiac index observed
      probably accounted for the hypotensive effect of propranolol. The role of plasma
      renin activity reduction in the hypotensive effect of propranolol in this
      situation remains to be clarified. The findings in the present study were
      consonant with the known actions of vasodilator antihypertensive agents and
      propranolol and indicate the applicability of non-invasive methodology to the
      investigation of cardiovascular drugs in man.

PMID- 971701
TI  - Observations on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of sotalol after oral
      administration.
AB  - The effects of sotalol after oral administration were measured on the tachycardia
      induced by strenuous exercise in normal subjects. Plasma sotalol levels were also
      determined. The oral administration of sotalol (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg) to 6
      subjects produced a progressive reduction in the tachycardia induced by severe
      exercise. This was similar to the effects of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg
      given to different subjects. Each increase in sotalol dose produced a
      successively greater reduction in exercise tachycardia. This did not appear to be
      maximum even with 800 mg. Oral sotalol was rapidly absorbed and produced peak
      blood levels in 2 - 3 hours. The plasma levels of sotalol measured 2 hours after
      the oral administration of 25 to 800 mg showed never more than a six-fold
      variation between different subject. The half-life of sotalol in plasma was 12.7
      +/- SE 1.6 hours. There was a significant correlation between the logarithm of
      the plasma sotalol concentration and the percentage reduction of exercise heart
      rate. It is concluded that the oral administration of sotalol either once or
      twice daily (depending on dose level) will provide satisfactory 24-hour blockade
      of beta-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 971702
TI  - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of beta-methyldigoxin after multiple oral
      and intravenous doses.
AB  - To obtain true half lives, glycoside elimination from six healthy subjects was
      studied for 14 days after multiple intravenous doses or oral administration of a
      daily maintenance dose of beta-methyldigoxin 0.3 mg. After oral or intravenous
      administration of beta-methyldigoxin ceased, the plasma concentrations declined
      from the 14th to the 16th days with a half life of 1.7 days. From the 16th to the
      20th day a change from a shorter to a longer half life of 2.8 and 2.9 days was
      observed. Similar half lives were found in urine: after the last dose the initial
      slope from the 14th to the 16th day had a half life of 1.8 days, and the terminal
      slope had one of 3.2 days. The results indicate release of the glycoside from
      slowly equilibrating tissues.

PMID- 971703
TI  - Comparative clinical pharmacology of intravenous cefoxitin and cephalothin.
AB  - Intravenous doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 g cephalothin and cefoxitin, a semi-synthetic
      cephamycin antibiotic highly resistant to bacterial cephalosporinase, were
      infused over a period of 3 minutes into 18 normal adult males by a randomized,
      crossover design. Serum and urine data on cefoxitin best fit a two-compartment
      open model. Serum concentrations following cefoxitin were higher and more
      prolonged and urine recoveries higher than those following equal doses of
      cephalothin. The terminal serum half-life of cefoxitin was longer at all dose
      levels. Renal clearance of cephalothin-like activity exceeded that of cefoxitin,
      which may possess dose-dependent kinetics. Whereas cephalothin has been reported
      to metabolize by greater than 35% to the less active desacetyl form, cefoxitin
      was metabolized by 0.1 to 6% to the descarbamyl form in individual subjects.

PMID- 971704
TI  - Plasma levels of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide during treatment
      of epilepsy.
AB  - Carbamazepine and its epoxide in plasma were measured by liquid chromatography in
      25 patients treated with a mean dose of carbamazepine of 12.5 +/- 3.3 mg/kg body
      weight. The mean concentrations of parent drug and metabolite were 5.4 +/- 2.5
      mug/ml and 1.10 +/- 0.42 mug/ml, respectively. A singificant correlation was
      found between the plasma concentrations of the two compounds (r = 0.64; p less
      than 0.001), but marked interindividual variation existed in the ratio of
      carbamazepine to carbamazepine to epoxide. Based on simultaneous measurements in
      plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, the unbound fraction of carbamazepine in plasma
      was of the order of 20% as compared to 45% for the epoxide. Thirteen ambulant
      patients suffering from partial epilepsy with complex symptomatology, who were
      already being treated with phenytoin in optimal doses (plasma level 14-20 mug/ml)
      were also given carbamazepine. At plasma levels of the latter of about 5 mug/ml
      there was no further reduction in the frequency of partial or generalized
      epileptic seizures. In five patients the dose was increased to produce plasma
      concentrations of 7 - 8 mug/ml. There was still no improvement and side-effects
      were seen in three patients.

PMID- 971705
TI  - Some aspects of the intestinal absorption of zinc in man.
AB  - Serum zinc concentrations in peripheral venous blood were determined in 8 healthy
      volunteers at various times after oral administration of 50 mg Zn++. The same
      dose was given to 6 patients surgically treated for obesity by jejuno-ileostomy.
      In the healthy volunteers the mean serum zinc concentration before dosing was
      0.89 mug/ml and a mean peak concentration of 2.39 mug/ml was found after 3 h. In
      the patients the starting level was lower, 0.67 mug/ml, and a mean peak
      concentration of 1.31 mug/ml was found 90 min after treatment. In the patients
      the areas under the serum concentration-time curve was approximately 1/3 of that
      in the healthy subjects. Zn++ 50 mg was also given to 3 patients undergoing
      transumbilical catheterization of the portal vein for diagnostic purposes and
      serum zinc concentrations were measured in portal and peripheral venous blood
      sampled simultaneously. No significant differences were found between the
      concentration of zinc in portal and peripheral venous blood during absorption,
      which suggests slow passage of zinc across the intestinal wall.

PMID- 971706
TI  - Decreased drug binding in serum from patients with chronic hepatic disease.
AB  - The binding of 3 drugs to serum proteins of patients with chronic hepatic disease
      has been studied by an ultrafilitration technique, and compared to that of normal
      subjects. The binding of phenylbutazone was reduced in all patients, salicylate
      in patients with inactive liver disease and sulphadiazine in patients whose
      disease was active. Analysis of binding data showed a real reduction in the
      capacity of albumin to bind the drugs in the majority of patients. Addition of
      bilirubin to normal plasma caused a reduction in sulphadiazine binding, but had
      no effect on the binding of salicylate or phenylbutazone. The possible causes of
      this reduction in binding are discussed.

PMID- 971707
TI  - Comparison of the acetylation of procainamide and sulfadimidine in man.
AB  - The acetylation of procainamide and sulfadimidine has been measured
      simultaneously in plasma and urine in 20 healthy human volunteers by a specific
      G.L.C. method, after single and multiple oral dral doses of procainamide retard
      tablets. A distinct bimodality (9 rapid and 11 slow acetylators) was apparent
      from the concentrations of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide both in urine
      and plasma, which was in complete agreement with data about sulfadimidine
      acetylation. The influence of acetylator phenotype on the relative concentrations
      of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide in plasma as cn 5 additional healthy
      subjects after a single oral dose of procainamide. The present results show that
      acetylator phenotype can now be determined using procainamide as the test
      substance, and for this purpose multiple doses offer hardly any advantage over a
      single dose of the drug. However, because the separation between rapid and slow
      acetylators is less pronounced for procainamide than for sulfadimidine, precise
      criteria must be established for the conditions of the test, and the influence of
      diseases, such as renal insufficiency, should be taken into consideration.

PMID- 971708
TI  - The influence of disulfiram on the half life and metabolic clearance rate of
      diphenylhydantoin and tolbtamide in man.
AB  - Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and tolbutamide serum levels were studied in ten
      volunteers before and after 4 days of disulfiram treatment. The mean DPH half
      life increased significantly from 11.0 +/- a.2 h to 19.0 +/- 3.3 h, and the mean
      DPH metabolic clearance rate decreased significantly from 51.2 +/- 17.2 ml/min to
      33.9 +/- 12.0 ml/min during medication. No significant changes in the half life
      or metabolic clearance rate of tolbutamide was observed.

PMID- 971709
TI  - Measurement of plasma levels of tricylic psychoactive drugs and their metabolites
      by UV reflectance photometry of thin layer chromatograms.
AB  - A method has been developed for the determination of perazine, clozapine,
      imipramine and amitriptyline and their demethylated metabolites in plasma. Other
      metabolites measured were perazine sulfoxide and the N-oxides of clozapine and
      perazine, the latter two following their reduction to the parent drugs with
      ascorbic acid. 10-Hydroxynortriptyline was identified as an amitriptyline
      metabolite in plasma. The general procedure included extraction of alkalinized
      plasma samples (3 - 6 g) with benzene or toluene and thin layer chromatography of
      the extracts, followed by reflectance photometry of the plates at appropriate
      wave lengths in ultraviolet light. Spots of questionable identity were further
      characterized by two-dimensional chromatography and by colour reactions.
      Therecoveries of compounds added in therapeutic concentrations were between 70
      and 98 %. The limits of detectability were 5 - 10 ng/g plasma.

PMID- 971710
TI  - International co-operation in drug testing.

PMID- 971711
TI  - Effect of aldosterone antagonist canrenone on plasma aldosterone concentration
      and plasma renin activity, and on the excretion of aldosterone and electrolytes
      by man.
AB  - Canrenone was administered in doses of 2 x 82 mg and 2 x 164 mg per day over a
      period of 10 days to diabetic patients without cardiovascular, liver or kidney
      involvement. Aldosterone excretion and plasma aldosterone increased only slightly
      during both regimes. There was a clear-cut increase in aldosterone excretion only
      after discontinuation of canrenone. Excretion of sodium, potassium and fluid was
      not significantly changed either during or after treatment. The lack of effect of
      canrenone on the kidney was in contrast to the significant decrease in serum
      sodium and increase in serum potassium, and the significant, dose-dependent rise
      in plasma renin activity following canrenone administration. The increased plasma
      renin activity persisted for some days after discontinuation of canrenone. It is
      suggested that canrenone primarily exerted its effect in the distal part of the
      large intestine where ionic movements are most affected by aldosterone. The
      disproportionately slight increase in plasma aldosterone concentration and
      aldosterone excretion, in spite of the greatly elevated plasma renin activity and
      serum potassium level, is considered to be due to a direct inhibitory effect of
      canrenone on aldosterone production in the adrenals.

PMID- 971712
TI  - Theoretical analysis of the binding of salicylate by human serum albumin: the
      relationship between free and bound drug and therapeutic levels.
AB  - The binding of salicylates by human serum albumin was analyzed by use of a
      computer program using previously published association constants and binding
      capacities for the two sets of binding sites on the protein. The analysis
      consisted of computing free and bound salicylates for a range of therapeutic and
      toxic concentration from 181 to 7246 mumole/L (25 to 1000 mg/L). At low and
      therapeutic levels the total amount of bound drug would exceed the amount of free
      drug. At higher levels, which included therapeutic and toxic ranges, the amount
      of free drug plasma, up to 2000 mumole/L the high affinity sites (Site 1), would
      bind most of the drug, but as the concentration of drug increased this site would
      approach saturation and the low affinity Site 2 would bind increasing amounts of
      salicylate. At high salicylate levels the amount of drug bound by the low
      affinity sites. Computation also showed that when the total amount of protein in
      the analysis was reduced, from 5, 4, 3, to 2 gm%, as in hypoalbuminemia, the
      total amount of drug bound by the protein would decrease and the quantity of free
      drug would increase. The amount of drug bound by each of the two sets of sites
      also fell as the concentration of protein decreased. Some of the possible
      clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 971713
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of lofepramine in man: relationship to inhibition of
      noradrenaline uptake.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of lofepramine, an imipramine analogue, have been studied by
      administering single oral doses to volunteers, determination of plasma levels of
      lofepramine and desemthylimipramine after ten days of oral administration to
      patients, and by relating plasma levels to the effect on uptake of noradrenaline
      by isolated rats irides and brain slices of plasma samples collected during
      treatment. The results indicate that lofepramine undergoes pronounced first pass
      elimination and that desmethylimipramine is a major metabolite of it. During
      steady-state conditions the plasma level of lofepramine fluctuates considerably
      between doses. A linear relation was found between inhibition of neuronal uptake
      of noradrenaline and the plasma concentration of desmethylimipramine. No effect
      was seen on the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in brain slices incubated in
      patients' plasma which suggests that neither lofepramine nor its metabolites
      formed in vivo in man affect neuronal uptake is this amine. Lofepramine belongs
      to the group of tricyclic antidepressants which preferentially inhibit
      noradrenaline uptake.

PMID- 971714
TI  - Absorption of beta-methyl-digoxin determined after a single dose and under steady
      state conditions.
AB  - Single doses of beta-methyl-digoxin 0.4 mg were given to groups of 17-18 healthy
      volunteers as an intravenous infusion lasting 2 hours, or orally as Lanitop
      Liquidum or Lanitop tablets. The serum glycoside concentration and urinary
      glycoside excretion were measured over 8 and 32 h. The absolute bioavailability
      from the oral preparations in comparison with the infusion was lower for the
      first 8 h than for the entire 32 h of the investigation; the relative
      bioavailability from tablets was the same as from the solution for both periods.
      For both periods the area under the serum concentration/time curve and the
      urinary glycoside excretion were significantly lower after administration of the
      tablets than after intravenous infusion. Taking the average of both parameters,
      the absolute bioavailability of beta-methyl-digoxin was about 80% from the
      solution and about 70% from the tablets. In 18 patients undergoing intravenous or
      oral therapy with beta-methyl-digoxin steady state glycoside concentration were
      compared in a cross-over study of intravenous maintenance therapy with Lanitop
      ampoules or oral treatment with Lanitop tablets. For a standard daily dose of 0.2
      mg beta-methyl-digoxin the serum concentrations were 1.35 +/- 0.10 ng/ml during
      both intravenous and oral administration. The intra-individual variation in
      glycoside concentration after changing from intravenous to oral maintenance
      therapy, or vice versa, was about the same as during continued intravenous or
      oral administration. It is concluded that the rate of rise of serum concentration
      after a single dose may be a useful indicator of the rate of absorption, but that
      the area under the serum concentration/time curve and the urinary glycoside
      excretion up to 32 h are unsuitable for determining equivalent doses of different
      formulations or routes of administration of digitalis glycosides.

PMID- 971715
TI  - Interindividual differences in chlorthalidone concentration in plasma and red
      cells of man after single and multiple doses.
AB  - A gas chromatographic method has been employed to determine chlorthalidone in
      plasma and whole blood after therapeutic doses. Radioactively labelled
      chlorthalidone was used for in vitro studies of the uptake of chlorthalidone from
      plasma by red blood cells. Chlorthalidone was markedly concentrated in red cells
      and as a compartment they would account for at least 30% of total drug in the
      body after multiple doses. The ratio between the plasma and red cell
      concentration of chlorathidone varied between individuals. After a single oral
      dose of 50 mg in 6 healthy volunteers chlorthalidone was eliminated with a half
      life of 51 to 89 hours. The apparent volume of distribution varied between 3 and
      13 1/kg and the clearance between 53 and 145 ml/min. The mean steady-state plasma
      concentrations during treatment with a standard dose of 50 mg daily (n = 10)
      varied 5-fold between individuals. During the steady state approximately 50% of
      the daily dose was excreted unchanged in the urine during 24 hrs. The plasma
      levels observed in patients were higher than those preducted from the single oral
      dose studies in healthy volunteers.

PMID- 971716
TI  - Comparison of the half-life of antipyrine in plasma, whole blood and saliva of
      man.
AB  - A previously described GLC method has been modified and applied to measurement of
      antipyrine levels in plasma, blood and saliva of man following administration of
      a single oral dose (10 mg/kg). Tery time studied. The half-life of antipyrine
      determined in blood, plasma or saliva in any given individual was similar. The
      intersubject variation in half-life was about two-fold (n = 5). Antipyrine levels
      in saliva were not affected by the rate of saliva flow when collections were made
      continuously for 20 minutes. This study has demonstrated that kinetic data about
      antipyrine comparable to that from plasma may also be obtained from readily
      accessible tissue fluids, such as saliva  and capillary blood.

PMID- 971717
TI  - Membrane Ig on MPC11 myeloma cells: correlation between the expression of
      membrane Ig, a receptor for Ig and the process of secretion.
AB  - The expression of membrane immunoglobulin (mIg) was examined in three cloned
      MPC11-derived mouse myeloma cell lines. Membrane immunofluorescence studies
      demonstrated that IgG2b producer cells (P1) had complete IgG molecules, L-chain
      producer (L1) had only L-chain determinants and nonproducer (NP2) did not have
      any Ig determinants on the cell surface. An Ig receptor, with characteristics
      different from B lymphocyte Fc receptor, has been found to be present on
      secreting cells (P1 or L1), but not on the NP2 cell variant. The data reported in
      the present paper indicate that the expression of mIg and of the Ig receptor
      molecule is clearly correlated with the process of secretion. In the light of
      previous data reported on Ig secretion, a model is proposed which correlates the
      process of secretion with the expression not only of mIg, but also of the
      receptor for Ig.

PMID- 971718
TI  - Immunological enhancement of a murine tumor allograft by passive alloantibody IgG
      and F(ab')2.
AB  - The F(ab')2 fraction of an anti-tumor IgG alloantiserum induced passive
      enhancement of tumor allografts in inbred mice about as well as did intact IgG;
      i.e. apparently the Fc fragment is not required for suppressing cellular
      immunity. Passive F(ab')2, however, was somewhat less efficient than intact IgG
      or whole alloantiserum in depressing the allohemagglutinin response. The latter
      finding is in accord with previous observations on the relative inefficiency of
      F(ab')2 in feedback inhibition of the humoral response of mice to a
      heteroantigen.

PMID- 971719
TI  - Polygenic regulation of antibody synthesis to sheep erythrocytes in the mouse: a
      genetic analysis.
AB  - Selective breeding for the character "agglutinin production to heterologous
      erythrocytes" was performed on random-bred populations of albino mice. Two types
      of selection were carried out: Selection I: the first 6 generations were
      immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SE), then SE and pigeon erythrocytes (PE) were
      alternated at each generation to avoid the interference of maternal antibody.
      Selection II: all generations were immunized with SE 60-70 days after weaning in
      order to eliminate the maternal antibody. Both were selected for the character
      agglutinin titer 14 days after immunization using an optimal dose of
      erythrocytes. Selection I. The mean response to SE of the foundation population
      was 7.36 +/- 1.60. The selection limit was attained between the 15th and the 20th
      generation. The F20--F30 were considered as homozygous for the character
      investigated. The mean SE agglutinin titers were 9.15 (1/2820) in the high
      responder line and 2 (1/20) in the low responder line. This corresponds to 140
      fold interline difference in agglutinin titers. SE agglutinins determined in F1
      hybrids, F2 hybrids and backcrosses obtained from F23--F29 demonstrated
      incomplete dominance of high responsiveness (23-29%). The inbreeding coefficient
      produced by close colony breeding was 0.55 in high and 0.71 in low responders at
      the 20th generation when both lines were homozygous with respect to agglutinin
      synthesis. Selection II. The mean response of the foundation population to SE was
      7.79 +/- 1.56. The selection limit was attained in F14--F17 generations that were
      considered homozygous for the character investigated. The mean SE agglutinin
      titer was 9.2 (1/2900) in high responders and 2.8 (1/35) in low responders, which
      is an 83-fold interline difference in agglutinin titers. The results of both
      selections indicate that the character agglutinin synthesis is subject to
      polygenic regulation. The heritability (h2) of this character was estimated to be
      between 0.18 and 0.36 (range between the extreme values of Selections I and II.

PMID- 971720
TI  - Relationship between the enhanced expression of histocompatibility antigens on
      interferon-treated L 1210 cells and their position in the cell cycle.
AB  - We have determined the cell cycle position of individual mouse leukemia L 1210
      cells by cytophotometric and autoradiographic techniques and simultaneously
      determined the amount of histocompatibility antigens expressed on the surface of
      individual cells by quantitative immunofluorescence. Interferon treatment of L
      1210 cells was accompanied by an enhanced expression of histocompatibility
      surface antigens. The distribution of interferon-treated cells in the various
      phases of the cell cycle was similar to that for control cells and the enhanced
      expression of histocompatibility antigens was observed on interferon-treated
      cells in all phases of the cell cycle. We conclude, therefore, that this
      enhancement is not due to a preferential concentration of these cells in any one
      particular phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 971721
TI  - Reversible binding of a T cell factor on IgG-coated sepharose beads.
AB  - Supernatants of alloantigen-activated T cells contain a number of factors,
      including an immunoglobulin-binding factor (IBF) which inhibits complement
      induced hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes coated with anti-Forssman IgG antibodies
      and a factor which suppresses IgM antibody synthesis in vitro. These two factors
      may be identical, since they are simultaneously retained on Sepharose beads to
      which IgG has been coupled and can be recovered by elution at pH 2.8. They do not
      bind to Sepharose beads to which IgM of F(ab')2 fragment of IgG has been coupled,
      demonstrating that they have a selective affinity for the Fc region of IgG. In
      addition, the fixation of IBF on the Fc portion of IgG reversibly inhibits
      subsequent binding of the first component of complement (C1), thus indicating
      that IBF does not irreversibly alter the C1 binding site(s) of IgG.

PMID- 971722
TI  - Aphelenchoides rutgersi: growth requirements for heme and purine nucleotides in
      crude chick embryo extract.

PMID- 971723
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii: electron microscopic study on the dye test reaction.

PMID- 971724
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: demonstration of two circulating antigens in infected
      hamsters.

PMID- 971725
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: an evaluation of salicylhydroxamic acid as a trypanocidal
      drug.

PMID- 971726
TI  - Fasciola hepatica: histochemical observations on juveniles and adults and the
      cytopathological changes induced in infected mouse liver.

PMID- 971727
TI  - The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). 26. Argas (P.) arboreus:
      effect of photoperiod on diapause induction and termination.

PMID- 971728
TI  - Eimeria acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, and E. necatrix: low doses of oocysts
      to immunize young chickens.

PMID- 971729
TI  - Capillaria hepatica: fine structure of egg shell.

PMID- 971730
TI  - Capillaria hepatica: relation of structure and composition of egg shell to
      antigen release.

PMID- 971731
TI  - Chemical aspects of stimulii.

PMID- 971732
TI  - Synthesis of eel-calcitonin and (asu1,7)-eel-calcitonin: contribution of the
      disulfide bond to the hormonal activity.
AB  - Eel-calcitonin and its [asu1,7]-analog, deamino-dicarba-analog, were synthesized
      by the conventional solution method. The natural-type product showed 4300 MRC
      U/mg in the hypocalcemic potency which was comparable to that of the natural
      hormone isolated from eel. Hormonal activity of the Asu-analog was also as high
      as 3400 MRC U/mg.

PMID- 971733
TI  - Phosphorus-containing heterocycles as fungicides: synthesis of 2,2'-diphenylene
      chlorophosphonate and 2,2'-diphenylene chlorothiophosphonate.
AB  - Synthesis of 2,2'-diphenylene chlorophosphonate and 2,2'-diphenylene
      chlorothiophosphonate is described through the interaction of 2,2'
      dihydroxybiphenyl with phosphoryl chloride and thiophosphoryl chloride
      respectively. These compounds were screened for their fungicidal activity.

PMID- 971734
TI  - Ontogenesis of monoamine oxidase in the thyroid gland of rats.

PMID- 971735
TI  - On the metabolism of prostaglandins by rat brain homogenate.
AB  - Using radio-immuno assays for prostaglandins and prostaglandin metabolites, three
      prostaglandin metabolizing enzymes were found in the 100,000 X g supernatant of
      rat brain, 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin-dehydrogenase, delta13-reductase and
      prostaglandin E-9-keto-reductase. Specific activity of the latter enzyme was
      highest in striatum and midbrain and lowest in cortex, cerebellum and spinal
      cord.

PMID- 971736
TI  - Changes in blood tryptophan level during sleep deprivation.
AB  - Prolonged sleep deprivation elicits a significant elevation of the plasma level
      of free tryptophan which appears to be involved in increased excretion of 5-HIAA
      during this state through enhanced 5-HT synthesis.

PMID- 971737
TI  - Occurrence of trichochromes in the urine of a melanoma patient.

PMID- 971738
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of lysozyme from mouse small intestine.
AB  - Lysozyme was isolated from the small intestine of mice by combined ion-exchange
      and molecular sieve chromatography. This lysozyme differs from that isolated from
      the urine of mice with monocytoma in amino acid composition, and migration rate
      in cellulose acetate electrophoresis. As intestinal lysozyme originates at least
      in part from the Paneth cell, our results point towards the existence of isozymes
      of lysozymes in mice.

PMID- 971739
TI  - Galactose transfer and UDP-galactose hydrolysis in urine from normal Balb/c and
      Balb/c YC8 mice.
AB  - By chromatographic method we have shown the existence of a complex system for
      galactose transfer from UDP-galactose and for nucleotide hydrolysis in urines
      from Balb/c YC8 and normal Balb/c mice. By action of sera from normal and ascitic
      mice as source of enzyme, we have been able to detect transfer for galactose in
      urines from ascitic mice and an important inhibitory effect of the nucleotide
      sugar hydrolysis by the sera with urines from normal mice.

PMID- 971740
TI  - Regulation of liver lipogenic enzymes by dietary fats.

PMID- 971741
TI  - Monoamine oxidase activity in rat erythrocytes: evidence for its localization in
      reticulocyte mitrochondria.
AB  - During growth of young rats, monoamine oxidase activity in erythrocyte membrane
      preparations decreases more rapidly than reticulocyte concentrations in the
      respective blood samples. Since reticulocytes lose their mitochondria prior to
      the substantia reticulo-filamentosa, the non-linear correlation between monoamine
      oxidase activity and reticulocyte counts indicates that erythrocyte monoamine
      oxidase is located in reticulocyte mitochondria.

PMID- 971742
TI  - The oxidative metabolism of alpha-chlorohydrin and the chemical induction of
      spermatocoeles.
AB  - alpha-Chlorohydrin (I) is oxidatively metabolized to beta-chlorolactic acid (III)
      and oxalic acid (IV). Deposition of calcium oxalate within the renal tubules is
      responsible for the toxic effects of alpha-chlorohydrin and a similar action on
      the epididymis or epididymal blood vessels could initiate the formation of
      spermatocoeles from this and other male antifertility agents.

PMID- 971743
TI  - Developmental characteristics of histamine methyltransferase and
      phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase of rat brain.
AB  - The specific activity of histamine methyltransferase of rat brain increases
      rapidly from the 16th until the 25th day of gestation (7 days after birth). The
      specific activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase shows a rapid
      increase during the 1st and the 2nd week after birth, the adult values being
      obtained by the end of the 2nd week.

PMID- 971744
TI  - Alteration of cholesterol synthesis in rat liver as induced by 4-methyl-5-hydroxy
      valeric acid.
AB  - The rate of cholesterogenesis in rat liver, measured by the incorporation of
      labelled acetate or mevalonate into cholesterol, was significantly supressed by
      the use of 4-methyl-5-hydroxy valeric acid sodium salt. This effect cannot be
      explained by changes in HMG CoA reductase activity.

PMID- 971745
TI  - Location of an eye mutant in the onion fly Hylemya antiqua Meigen using a
      pericentric chromosome inversion.
AB  - With the use of a pericentric inversion in chromosome 3, an eye color mutant in
      the onion fly was located in chromosome 3. No recombination occurs in males;
      40.2% recombination was observed in females. This linkage through the male
      facilitates further cytogenetic research on structural aberrations involving
      chromosome 3.

PMID- 971746
TI  - Characterization of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) karyotype using G- and C
      banding techniques.

PMID- 971747
TI  - The phylogenetic status of phyllomedusine frogs (Hylidae) as evidenced from
      immunological studies of their serum albumins.
AB  - Based on immunological comparisons of the serum albumins of phyllomedusine frogs
      with both hyline and bufonid species, it is suggested that phyllomedusine frogs
      be erected to familial status within the superfamily Bufonoidea.

PMID- 971748
TI  - Subcellular distribution of acetylcholinesterases in the neural lobe of the
      bovine pituitary gland.

PMID- 971749
TI  - Insulin resistance and related electrical activity of the small intestine.
AB  - Postprandial disruption of the migrating myoelectric complex is of longer
      duration in obese hyperinsulemic Zucker rats than in control rats. No
      postprandial disruption was seen in an insulin resistant dog. This gives further
      support to a major role for insulin in control of gut activity.

PMID- 971750
TI  - Ultradian and other rhythms in human respiration rate.
AB  - Twelve male subjects had their respiration rate (RR) measured at 3 min intervals
      for 6 h. Although there were substantial individual differences, most subjects
      demonstrated a 90 +/- 15 min rhythm of RR, with several subjects also showing 60
      +/- 10 min and 30 +/- 3 min rhythms.

PMID- 971751
TI  - Relation of the character of capacitance vessel responses in spleen and small
      intestine elicited by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic fibres to the
      level of oxygen exchange in the organs.

PMID- 971752
TI  - Coordinated activation of muscle fibres by different conduction velocities in
      branches of a crustacean motor axon.
AB  - Higher conduction velocities in branches of the fast excitor axon to distal
      muscle fibres ensure that these fibres are activated almost simultaneously with
      proximal fibres in the claw closer muscle of lobsters, producing a contraction of
      maximal force.

PMID- 971753
TI  - Effect of sulfated and non-sulfated gastrin and octapeptide-cholecystokinin on
      cat gall bladder in vitro.
AB  - This study demonstrates that for the isolated cat gall bladder a smaller molar
      dose of the sulfated form of OP-CCK and gastrin is required to produce
      contraction as compared to the respective non-sulfated forms. For OP the D50 for
      the sulfated form versus the non-sulfated form was 1.94. For gastrin it was 1.10.

PMID- 971754
TI  - Electron microscopy and electron probe analysis of the Ca-binding sites in the
      cilia of Paramecium caudatum.

PMID- 971755
TI  - Resistance of cold-exposed rats to aflatoxin.
AB  - Male rats kept at a temperature of 4 degrees-5 degrees C were refractory to a
      lethal dose of aflatoxin compared to animals at 20 degrees-21 degrees C which
      exhibited a high mortality and marked liver damage. It is suggested that this
      decreased susceptibility is mediated through a stimulated microsomal drug
      metabolizing system in cold environment.

PMID- 971756
TI  - Enhancement of tubular organic base accumulation in renal cortical slices by
      repeated administrations of Tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane, tromethamol (THAM)
      to rats of different ages.
AB  - After repeated THAM administrations to rats of different ages, an enhancement of
      THAM accumulation in renal cortical slices was observed, except in newborns. This
      effect can be interpreted as a specific substrate stimulation of the organic base
      transport system.

PMID- 971757
TI  - RNA synthesis in alpha-amanitin-poisoned rats: prevention of recovery by
      inhibition of protein synthesis.
AB  - The treatment with cycloheximide of rats previously poisoned with alpha-amanitin
      hinders the recovery of RNA synthesis observed in the liver of rats treated with
      alpha-amanitin alone. The recovery of RNA synthesis can be ascribed to the
      capability of poisoned rats to synthesize new RNA-polymerase II.

PMID- 971758
TI  - Effect of brocresine on conditioned avoidance behavior in mice.

PMID- 971759
TI  - Hypertension mediated by the activation of the rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine
      receptor sites.
AB  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) administered intraventricularly (i.vent.) in rats
      produced hypertension without considerable changes in heart rate. After
      transsection of the spinal cord or i.vent. administration of methysergide, 5-HT
      failed to produce the pressor effect. Thus, the hypertension results from the
      activation of 5-HT receptor sites of the rat brain.

PMID- 971760
TI  - Hexobarbital action in rats with flavonoid-deficiency.

PMID- 971761
TI  - An electron microscopic study on the autonomic innervation of the rabbit parotid
      gland.
AB  - As visualized in the electron microscope, the parotid gland of the rabbit has a
      dual innervation. Both adrenergic and cholinergic nerves are equally distributed
      in the parenchyma and often run together within the same nerve bundle. Nerve
      terminals are observed not only subjacent to the basement membrane but interposed
      between the latter and the acinar cells, where they establish a close membrane to
      membrane contact with the latter.

PMID- 971762
TI  - The fine structure of Walker 256 carcinoma cells.
AB  - Several ultrastructural features of Walker 256 rat tumor cells which have not
      been observed before are revealed. Nuclear bodies either singlely or in pairs
      were found in some cells. Cytofilaments were observed in the cytoplasm and
      cytoplasmic projections in a few cells. Desmosomes which are usually regarded as
      a feature of differentiated cells were also observed.

PMID- 971763
TI  - Pregnancy following segmental isthmic reversal of the rabbit oviduct.
AB  - Microsurgical reversal of a segment of rabbit proximal tubal isthmus has been
      followed by normal pregnency in the first two animals to undergo the procedure.
      Establishment of pregnancy despite radical modification of the oviduct furnishes
      the opportunity to gain new insights into the mechanisms controlling tubal ovum
      transport and emphasizes the evolving feasibility and importance of tuboplastic
      microsurgery both as a research tool and clinical procedure.

PMID- 971764
TI  - Tumor promoting constituent of Euphorbia serrata L. latex.
AB  - Euphorbia serrata latex has initially ingenol-3-palmitate, which by action of
      silica gel is converted to ingenol-20-palmitate. The former is responsible for
      the irritant and cocarcinogenic activity of the latex on mouse ear and on mice
      back skin.

PMID- 971765
TI  - Pregnancy specific beta1-glycoprotein--a product of the syncytiotrophoblast.
AB  - Pregnancy specific beta1-glycoprotein (PSbetaG) has been identified in vitro in
      trophoblast cultures and in vivo, using transmission electron microscopy, in the
      syncytiotrophoblast, PSbetaG may, like other pregnancy proteins, have
      immunosuppressive properties.

PMID- 971766
TI  - Effect of an antiandrogen on the lymphoid system.
AB  - A side-effect of the administration of cyproterone acetate, an antiandrogenic
      steroid, to newborn, juvenile or adult male mice (in doses comparable to those
      used clinically) was found in a marked reduction of the white pulp of the spleen
      and reduced weight or even absence of the thymus.

PMID- 971767
TI  - Progesterone formation and metabolism by rabbit placenta in vitro.
AB  - 4-14C-Progesterone and 4-14C-pregnenolone are metabolized in vitro by rabbit
      placenta, at day 15 and 28 of gestation, exclusively to compounds reduced in ring
      A (5beta) and at carbon 3 and 20.

PMID- 971768
TI  - Thyroid hormone in serum of fetal calf and pregnant cow during the last trimester
      of pregnancy.

PMID- 971769
TI  - The underwater electro-olfactogram: a tool for the study of the sense of smell of
      marine fishes.
AB  - Recording the olfactory receptor activity of marine fishes presents problems due
      to the shunting of the electrical signals by the highly conductive sea water,
      which results in significant signal loss. By recording the large signal-to-noise
      ratio D. C. potentials using the underwater electro-olfactogram (EOG), we were
      able to study olfactory receptor properties of freshwater and marine fishes in a
      comparable manner.

PMID- 971770
TI  - [A method for wireless telemetry of breath-frequency of babies (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 971771
TI  - The pituitary-gonadal axis in spinal cord injury.
AB  - Our study documented that serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle
      stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estradiol in 14 of 15 males with spinal
      cord injury (SCI) were within the normal range of those of age-matched controls.
      One patient had gynecomastia with compensated gonadal insufficiency of
      undetermined etiology. Five males with SCI showed a normal rise in serum
      testosterone levels following stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin.
      Testicular biopsy in one of two males with SCI showed spermatogenic arrest. One
      of the biopsies showed immunoglobulin G immunofluorescence around the
      seminiferous tubule; the other demonstrated immunoglobulin A immunofluorescence
      in the spermatogonia. These findings suggest that, if a high incidence of
      impaired spermatogenesis does occur in spinal cord-injured patients, it is
      unlikely to be secondary to hormonal imbalance.

PMID- 971772
TI  - Sexual function after major resections of the sacrum with bilateral or unilateral
      sacrifice of sacral nerves.
AB  - The sexual function of nine patients with severance of sacral nerves bilaterally
      (five patients) or unilaterally (four patients), performed during operations for
      radical extirpation of tumors of the sacrum or its vicinity, was studied. Sexual
      histories were obtained and sensibility tests were performed. In four of the five
      male patients an attempt was made to collect electromyographic recordings from
      the external urethral and anal sphincters during ejaculation. Bilateral loss of
      S3 to S5 nerves in two women seemed not to affect their sexual function.
      Bilateral loss of S2 to S5 nerves in one man was compatible with gratifying
      sexual intercourse, the stimulation for erection being purely psychogenic, and
      "ejaculation" of a dripping nature. Unilateral loss of all sacral nerves did not
      impair previously normal sexual function, although the penises and vulvae of
      these patients were anesthetic on one side. The sensibility of the penis seemed
      to be subserved by the second sacral nerve. The myoelectric activity of the
      striated urethral and anal sphincters during ejaculation recorded in one patient
      with unilateral total loss of sacral nerves was normal bilaterally considering
      the duration of, and intervals between, the clonic contractions.

PMID- 971773
TI  - Prolactin after gonadotropin-induced pregnancy.
AB  - Prolactin levels during a gonadotropin-induced pregnancy have not been previously
      reported. A patient with Forbes-Albright syndrome is described. She received
      radiation therapy, with cessation of her galactorrhea, but she remained
      amenorrheic. Three years after irradiation, a pregnancy was successful induced
      with human menopausal gonadotropins and human chorionic gonadotropin. Prolactin
      levels determined prior to gonadotropin therapy, during an insulin hypoglycemia
      stimulation test, serially during pregnancy, and postpartum during lactation are
      presented. These levels are compared with the previously reported levels for
      basal prolactin, response to insulin hypoglycemia, pregnancy, and lactation.
      Possible etiologies for the abnormal values and responses obtained from
      investigation of this patient are discussed.

PMID- 971774
TI  - Plasma prostaglandin F 2-alpha levels in dysmenorrehic women.
AB  - Plasma prostaglandin F 2-alpha (PGF 2-alpha) concentrations were compared in nine
      ovulatory dysmenorrheic women, one dysmenorrheic oral contraceptive user, and two
      nondysmenorrheic control subjects, in an effort to demonstrate a relationship
      between plasma PGF 2-alpha levels and dysmenorrhea. In addition, the effects of
      aspirin, a known inhibitorof prostaglandins synthesis, on dysmenorrhea and on PGF
      2-alpha levels were investigated. No statistical difference was demonstrated
      between the plasma PGF 2-alpha levels of dysmenorrheic and nondysmenorrheic
      subjects throughout the menstrual cycle. Attainment of an adequate salicylate
      level was accompanied by a significant decrease in PGF 2-alpha levels. All
      dysmenorrheic subjects reported improvement in symptoms while taking aspirin. The
      greatest subjective relief was reported by women who began taking aspirin (10
      grains every 4 hours) 3 or more days prior to the onset of bleeding.

PMID- 971775
TI  - Antispermatozoal effects of human seminal plasma--an immunologic phenomenon.
AB  - Semen samples were obtained from seven men who had self-agglutination of
      spermatozoa, and a spermatozoal antibody in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction
      of their blood. The seminal plasma of these men produced spermatozoal
      immobilization and agglutination when added to normal semen from healthy men.
      Analysis of the seminal plasma samples showed that they contained IgA and
      complements C-3 and C-4, whereas only 1 of 10 samples from normal men contained
      IgA, and none had complements C-3 and C-4. The IgG levels of the seminal plasma
      from the study group were higher than those of the controls. It is suggested that
      the mechanism of spermagglutination is one of autooimmunization in which the main
      antibody is IgA from the genital tract, augmented by a circulating antibody from
      the IgG fraction of the blood.

PMID- 971776
TI  - Clinical experience with sperm antibody testing.
AB  - Of the 724 patients examined for circulating spermagglutinating antibodies by the
      Kibrick spermagglutination test, 95 (13.1%) were found to be positive. Almost 20%
      of the 406 male patients demonstrated autoantibodies. This high incidence may be
      explained by the selected population studied. Of 50 males tested who demonstrated
      more than 10% agglutination in their semen, but otherwise were normospermic, 42%
      demonstrated autoantibodies. Of the 318 females examined, 14 (4.4%) demonstrated
      sperm-agglutinating antibodies. Of the 315 male and female patients examined for
      circulating sperm-immobilizing antibodies by the Isojima sperm-immobilization
      test, 14 (4.5%) were found to have antibodies. Of the 162 males treated, 10 (6%)
      were positive for antibodies by this technique, as were 4 (3%) of the 153 women
      tested.

PMID- 971777
TI  - Successful artificial insemination following retrograde ejaculation.

PMID- 971778
TI  - Retrograde ejaculation: a new approach to therapy.

PMID- 971779
TI  - Surgical procedure on oviduct to correct infertility.

PMID- 971780
TI  - Precocious sexual maturations in juvenile hypothyroidism.

PMID- 971781
TI  - [The social role behavior of patients with venereal diseases].

PMID- 971782
TI  - [Disorders in the course of human spermiogenesis].

PMID- 971783
TI  - [The differential diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris by means of histotopochemical
      methods].

PMID- 971784
TI  - [Changes in the antimycotics sensitivity of certain fungi after the effect of
      hydrogen peroxide].

PMID- 971785
TI  - [The effect of coal tar additive to shampoos on the amount and composition of
      scalp and hair lipids].

PMID- 971786
TI  - [Photochemotherapy of psoriasis with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet light. I.
      Radiation equipment].

PMID- 971787
TI  - [Benign juvenile Spitz melanoma in a dermal nevus cell nevus in an adult.
      Molluscum contagiosum on a dermal nevus cell nevus].

PMID- 971788
TI  - Wound healing: a model for the study of diabetic angiopathy.
AB  - Wound healing as a model for diabetic angiopathy has been studied by light and
      electron microscopy. Biochemical studies of the rate of incorporation of 3H
      proline and 3H-thymidine into collagen and DNA, respectively, have confirmed the
      morphologic observations. In both the normal and the diabetic, there was a marked
      decrease in the rate of collagen and DNA synthesis, suggesting that most of the
      cells in the biopsies were stunned by the injury and ceased DNA replication
      during the initial phase. In control mice this decrease was followed by a modest
      but significant burst of DNA replication, which peaked at two hours and by the
      fourth hour had returned to the one-hour level. In the diabetic this burst of DNA
      replication was absent and no capillary morphogenesis was seen at two, four, and
      eight hours. At 16 hours, there were only a few abnormal nascent vessels observed
      in the diabetic and antiserum-treated mice. The peak in the rate of collagen
      synthesis at four hours correlated well with the condensation of collagen at the
      wound margin and the fibroblast rough-endoplasmic-reticulum (RER) proliferation.
      In the diabetic mice, there was a significantly attenuated rate of collagen
      synthesis for the entire 16-hour period. The lack of DNA replication, capillary
      morphogenesis, fibroblast RER proliferation, and decreased collagen synthesis in
      the diabetic mouse can be considered interrelated and significant factors in the
      diabetic's impaired response to cellular injury. In view of the increased
      frequency and severity of injury to the circulation of the diabetic and the
      impaired response to repair such injury, it is likely that wound healing is a
      promising model for diabetic angiopathy.

PMID- 971789
TI  - The problems of retinal blood flow in diabetes.
AB  - Three methods are available for measurement of retinal blood flow:
      cinefluroescein angiography, measurement of mean transit time, and estimation of
      volume flow by laser-Dopler velocimetry. Cineangiography requires intra-arterial
      injection for volume flow measurement, and this greatly inhibits its use.
      Difficulties also arise in estimating the relation of the axial to the mean flow,
      since it is now known that the retinal flow is plug flow. Transit time
      measurement using fluroescein has recently been automated and thus allows for
      more accurate measurement and better estimation of volume flow. The problems of
      estimating vascular volume and allowing for leakage have not been overcome. Laser
      Doppler velocimetry measures mean red cell velocity but its relation to volume
      flow has not been established. Using the mean-transit-time method, several
      authors have found reduced transit time and increased volume flow in patients
      with mild and no retinopathy, compared to normals and those with more severe
      lesions, This most probably is due to autoregulatory adaptation and, possibly, to
      hypoxia. In more severe retinopathy, flow is reduced and there are large areas of
      nonperfusion. These areas are the result of abnormality of the endothelial cells
      and also of the blood within the vessels, which probably coagulates more easily
      than in normals. These areas are of importance because they stimulate the growth
      of new vessels.

PMID- 971790
TI  - Plasma protein changes, blood viscosity, and diabetic microangiopathy.
AB  - Diabetic microangiopathy is a slowly progressive condition that usually manifests
      itself years after the onset of the carbohydrate-metabolism disturbance. It is a
      far more striking problem in some diabetics than in others. Differences in the
      pattern of its effect in several body systems suggest that the local vascular
      disturbance is a mixture of a general microcirculatory change in diabetes and a
      specific vascular alteration in each tissue. Its manifestations in the individual
      diabetic appear to be influenced by both elements. Evidence is presented that
      plasma protein changes in diabetes and their effects on blood flow play a role in
      acclerating the rate of progression of diabetic microangiopathy by raising plasma
      viscosity and by increasing the affinity of erythrocytes for each other. The
      plasma protein change is dominated by a possibly hormonally mediated pattern of
      alpha-globulin elevation seen in many chronic disorders. This elevation of acute
      phase proteins is not likely by itself to produce diabetic microangiopathy, but
      it may cause an additional stress on the metabolically disturbed diabetic
      microcirculation. The basic change is a disturbance in the average molecular
      shape of the plasma proteins that both directly increases plasma viscosity and
      enhances the aggregation of erythrocytes. Studies are now in progress to
      determine which of these two mechanisms is more likely to be important in
      accelerating the development of diabetic microangiopathy.

PMID- 971791
TI  - Renal function changes in diabetes.
AB  - The present studies show that a number of functional abnormalities are present in
      the kidney in early diabetes, especially during poor regulation. Normalization of
      these functions and changes in renal and glomerular size are found during
      complete diabetes control. The results further support the idea that great
      efforts should be made to maintain the best possible control situation in
      diabetic patients. Our studies also indicate that antihypertensive therapy may be
      beneficial for young, proteinuric diabetics and may postpone the stage of renal
      insufficiency.

PMID- 971792
TI  - Leukocyte chemotaxis in diabetic patients and their nondiabetic first-degree
      relatives.
AB  - Leukocyte chemotaxis wasmeasured in 108 subjects: 20 normal controls, 36 insulin
      taking diabetics (15 being index patients), and 52 nondiabetic first-degree
      relatives of index patients. The relatives had a mean chemotactic index (CI)
      significantly lower than that of the controls (individually, 25 per cent had CIs
      lower than the lowest of the controls); and the diabetics had a mean CI
      significantly lower than that of the relatives. The impairment of leukocyte
      chemotaxis measured in the first-degree relatives of diabetic index patients does
      not appear to be associated with an increased susceptibility to infection and
      suggests that the impaired leukotaxis is due to an inherent defect--perhaps
      genetic--in leukocyte function.

PMID- 971793
TI  - Red-cell aggregation and red-cell deformability in diabetes.
AB  - The anomaly of the viscosity of human blood is more pronounced in diabetics. This
      is caused by an increase in plasma viscosity, a more pronounced red-cell
      aggregation, and a reduction of individual cell deformability. The changes in
      viscosity and in red-cell aggregation both are the consequence of abnormal plasma
      proteins, the incidence of which is largely independent of the onset and duration
      of disease, and actual metabolic state. The presence of complicating infectious
      diseases further aggravates the pathologic red-cell aggregation. The decreased
      red-cell deformability is largely independent on onset, duration, and
      complications but depends critically in the incident metabolic control of the
      diabetics. The possible role of hemorrheologic factors in the development of
      microangiopathy is discussed.

PMID- 971794
TI  - Mean retinal circulation time as determined by fluorescein angiography in normal,
      prediabetic, and chemical-diabetic subjects.
AB  - A preliminary survey has been completed using manual densitometric technics to
      determine the mean retinal circulation times in groups of normal controls,
      offspring to two diabetic parents with normal glucose tolerance (prediabetics),
      and offspring of two diabetic parents with abnormal glucose tolerance (chemical
      diabetics). Comparisons of the mean retinal circulation time showed differences
      between the left eye and right eye in prediabetic and chemical diabetic groups
      and a sex difference in both normals and prediabetics. In addition, both age and
      per cent ideal body weight were inversely related to the mean retinal circulation
      time. The levels of fasting serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and growth hormone,
      in many instances, also appeared to be inversely related to the mean retinal
      circulation time. Similarly, the degree of glucose tolerance (determined by the
      area under the glucose curve above baseline) was significantly inversely related
      to the mean retinal circulation time. The mean retinal circulation time adjusted
      for per cent ideal weight was analyzed separately for both right eye and left
      eye, and a significantly shorter mean retinal circulation time was noted,
      particularly in males, for prediabetics than for normal controls and for chemical
      diabetics than for both prediabetics and normals. Analysis of the mean retinal
      circulation time adjusted for age showed similar differences. It is postulated
      that the genetic prediabetic state with or without glucose intolerance might be
      associated with significant alterations of mean retinal circulation time
      independent of age and per cent ideal weight. It is also suggested that a number
      of potentially meaningful interrelationships between the degree of glucose
      intolerance and/or hyperlipidemia might exist and should be further quantified.

PMID- 971795
TI  - Biochemical alterations of the human glomerular basement membrane in diabetes.
AB  - Only from the kidney glomerulus can the capillary basement membrane be isolated
      in quantities sufficient for biochemical analyses. In this study an attempt has
      been made to obtain a basement membrane as pure as possible, without
      contamination from cells or mesangium. In diabetic nephropathy, the glomerular
      basement membrane shows a decreased content of cystine, but hydroxylysine
      concentrations was only slightly higher than in normal material. The
      concentration of glucose was significantly increased. Immunofluorescent studies
      indicated the presence of serum proteins in the diabetic glomerular basement
      membrane, probably as a result of increased membrane permeability.

PMID- 971796
TI  - The relationship between diabetic capillaropathy and myocardial infarction: a
      hypothesis.
AB  - It is believed that diabetic patients with clinical evidence of diabetic
      capillaropathy have a greater risk of myocardial infarction than those with the
      same duration of disease but no evidence of capillaropathy. If the hypothesis
      presented here is correct, then early attention to diet, perhaps as a means of
      slowing the rate of atherosclerosis, will be as important as insulin in reducing
      current mortality statistics.

PMID- 971797
TI  - Circadian rhythms in blood pressure and norepinephrine in genetically
      hypertensive and normotensive rats.

PMID- 971798
TI  - Effects on open-field behavior of mice exposed to multiple doses of methyl
      mercury.

PMID- 971799
TI  - Erythrocytic enzyme activities and drug induced hemolysis in rabbits.

PMID- 971800
TI  - Effect of sodium warfarin of plasma insulin estimations.

PMID- 971801
TI  - Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism and behaviour in the mouse and rat.

PMID- 971802
TI  - Effects of inhibitors during eye indoleamine maturation.

PMID- 971803
TI  - The pharmacodynamics of methyl mercury in the BALB/c mouse and its hairless
      homolog, the HRS/J mouse.

PMID- 971804
TI  - Effect of some sulfonamides on anaerobic glycolysis in the rat brain.

PMID- 971805
TI  - RP4 promotion of transfer of a large Agrobacterium plasmid which confers
      virulence.
AB  - Introduction of RP4 plasmid into Agrobacterium tumefaciens promotes the transfer
      on solid medium of large virulence-associated plasmids from virulent donor
      strains to a plasmidless avirulent recipient. Exconjugants were selected for the
      ability to utilize octopine or nopaline as the sole source of arginine, traits
      which are coded for by virulence-associated plasmids in the strains employed
      here. All exconjugants retained the arginine auxotrophy of the recipient strain,
      and were resistant to ampicillin and kanamycin, drugs to which RP4 confers
      resistance. Five exconjugant clones from one cross were shown by alkaline sucrose
      gradient analysis to contain both RP4 plasmid and the large virulence-associated
      plasmid of the donor strain. All five exconjugants exhibited virulence on carrot,
      sunflower and kalanchoe plants. These results indicate that virulence and the
      ability to degrade octopine are plasmid-borne traits in A. tumefaciens strains
      15955 and A6, and extend the evidence that large plasmids in A. tumefaciens are
      vectors of virulence genes.

PMID- 971806
TI  - Diploid gynogenesis in the Mexican axolotl.
AB  - Gynogenetic diploid axolotls were produced by activating eggs with ultraviolet
      inactivated sperm, and then subjecting the activated eggs to heat shock. Optimal
      conditions for ultraviolet inactivation of the sperm, and for suppression of the
      second meiotic division by heat shock, were established. Gynogenetic diploids
      produced by these procedures included progeny homozygous for recessive alleles
      carried by a heterozygous mother. Gynogenesis could, therefore, be used to
      uncover new mutations more rapidly than by conventional inbreeding techniques.
      However, some difficulty was encountered in recognizing mutant phenotypes because
      of the high incidence of abnormalities and deaths. Defective embryos probably
      resulted from a combination of heat-shock-induced damage to the eggs and the
      expression of deleterious recessive alleles carried by the mother.

PMID- 971807
TI  - Evolution of Hawaiian drosophilidae. II. Patterns and rates of chromosome
      evolution in an antopocerus phylogeny.
AB  - The phylogenetic relationships of seven species of the genus Antopocerus (Family
      Drosophilidae) have been determined by means of a study of the metaphase
      configurations and polytene chromosomes. Based on biogeographical, behavioral and
      cytogenetic information A. longiseta from Molokai is tentatively identified as
      the primitive species of the genus. The metaphase karyotypes of all Antopocerus
      species are either five pairs of rod chromosomes and a pair of dots (5R1D), or
      six rods (6R). Heterochromatin additions converted the dots to rods. Chromosome
      breakpoints for inversions also are clustered at heterochromatic loci. The
      chromosome segments between heterochromatic loci may represent sets of
      functionally related loci, evolving as a unit. The rate of chromosomal inversion
      substitution is estimated in the origin of the taxon (probably a subgenus of
      Drosophila rather than a separate genus). It averages no greater than one
      substitution per 1,000 years, or one per 5,000 generations. The average genetic
      death rate per generation of one individual per hundred is required to achieve
      this substitution rate. The rate of inversion substitution during radiation of
      this taxon may be only 4.4 X 10(-3) times as fast as that present in forming the
      taxon. Alternatively, radiation may have required only 250,000 years if rates of
      substitution are the same as in the origination of the taxon. Average rates of
      substitution reflect genetic accidents, selection pressures and rates of
      adaptation to new niches, as well as the rate of encountering new niches. Rate of
      adaptation probably is much greater in this instance than rate of encountering
      new niches. Rate of adaptation probably is much greater in this instance than
      rate of encountering new niches. Therefore, the average rate of evolution
      reflects more nearly biogeographic and ecological factors than genetic factors.

PMID- 971808
TI  - The evolutionary advantage of recombination. II. Individual selection for
      recombination.
AB  - Based on the FISHER-MULLER theory of the evolution of recombination, an argument
      can be constructed predicting that a recessive allele favoring recombination will
      be favored, if there are either favorable or deleterious mutants occurring at
      other loci. In this case there is no clear distinction between individual and
      group selection. Computer simulation of populations segregating for recessive or
      dominant recombination alleles showed selection favoring recombination, except in
      the case of a dominant recombination allele with deleterious background mutants.
      The relationship of this work to parallel investigations by WILLIAMS and by
      STROBECK, MAYNARD SMITH, and CHARLESWORTH is explored. All seem to rely on the
      same phenomenon. There seems no reason to assume that the evolution of
      recombination must have occurred by group selection.

PMID- 971809
TI  - Gene conversion: a hitherto overlooked parameter in population genetics.
AB  - Gene conversion causes deviations from the 2:2 segregation of allele pairs in
      meiosis. Thus, gene conversion is a potential cause for changes of allele
      frequencies in populations. Equations are derived for the effects of conversion
      in a large random-mating population. The influence of gene conversion on allele
      frequencies is compared with that of spontaneous mutation and meiotic drive.

PMID- 971810
TI  - Clines with variable migration.
AB  - The consequences of a discontinuity in the migration rate and of a geographical
      barrier in the habitat are studied in a diffusion model of migration and
      selection. The treatment is restricted to a single diallelic locus in a
      monoecious population in the absence of mutation and random drift. It is supposed
      further that migration is independent of genotype, the population density remains
      constant and uniform, and Hardy-Weinberg proportions obtain locally. It is shown
      that a discontinuity in the migration rate leads to a jump in the slope of the
      gene frequency, but not in the gene frequency itself, while a localized
      geographical barrier has precisely the opposite effect. These features of the
      gene frequency behavior are quantitatively related to the migration rate. The
      influence of the above inhomogeneities in migration on the maintenance of an
      allele in an environmental pocket is examined. The extent to which the critical
      condition for polymorphism is made less stringent by decreased migration outside
      the pocket and by a geographical barrier between the pocket and the rest of the
      habitat is evaluated.

PMID- 971811
TI  - Genetic variation in heterogeneous environments.
AB  - A model of population structure in heterogeneous environments is described and
      conditions sufficient for maintaining a polymorphism are derived. The absolute
      fitness of any genotype is regarded as a function of location in the niche space
      and the population density at that location. Two modes of habitat selection are
      examined: (1) organisms are distributed uniformly over the environment; and (2)
      each organism selects to occupy that habitat in which it is most fit ("optimal
      habitant selection"). Sufficient conditions for maintenance of genetic
      polymorphisms are derived for both models. In populations which do not practice
      habitat selection heterozygote superiority averaged over the environment is
      sufficient to guarantee the existence of polymorphisms. Comparable conditions for
      populations which practice optimal habitat selction are much less restrictive. If
      the heterozygotes are superior to one homozygote in any one part of the niche and
      to the other homozygote in any other part of the niche then a polymorphism will
      be defined. A positive correlation between genetic and environmental variation
      follows from the model with habitat selection, but not from the other. The
      adaptive significance of polymorphisms thus depends on how animals behave.

PMID- 971812
TI  - [The need to register gun-firing noise].

PMID- 971813
TI  - [Proof of insignificant, water pollution by pesticides using a technic based on
      the physiological function].

PMID- 971814
TI  - [Economically optimal heat protection in single family homes. Critical ideas on
      optimum calculations. 2].

PMID- 971815
TI  - [New findings concerning the construction of ventilators].

PMID- 971816
TI  - [Air conditioning of the modern textile plants].

PMID- 971817
TI  - [Physiological and psychological importance of day light for man and inferences
      for construction planning].

PMID- 971818
TI  - [Toxicology of low concentrations of phosalone in the atmosphere].

PMID- 971819
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the embryotoxic action of some polymethylene
      (alicyclic) series amines].

PMID- 971820
TI  - [Effect of toxic substances on the pancreatic enzyme activity in a hygiene
      experiment].

PMID- 971821
TI  - [Gynecological morbidity in workers occupied in the manufacture of
      ethylenediamine and other chlorinated hydrocarbons].

PMID- 971822
TI  - [Effect of molybdenum on alkaline phosphatase activity].

PMID- 971823
TI  - [Optimal clamping force of antinoise protectors].

PMID- 971824
TI  - [Role of the reactions of dimethylamine with nitrogen tetraoxide and ozone in
      atmospheric pollution].

PMID- 971825
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of a new polyethyleneimine flocculant and its
      standardization in the water of reservoirs].

PMID- 971826
TI  - [Permissible content of the flocculant polyoxyethylene in the water of
      reservoirs].

PMID- 971827
TI  - [Experimental studies to determine the optimal air circulation in residential and
      public buildings].

PMID- 971828
TI  - [Maximum permissible temperature on the surface of new heating devices].

PMID- 971829
TI  - [Tasks of hygienic science and sanitation practices in relation to the resolution
      of the Central Committee of CPSU and of the Soviet of Ministers of the USSR on
      "Measures for averting pollution of the Black and Azov Sea basins"].

PMID- 971830
TI  - [Combined action of dust from mica and resins used in the manufacture of micanite
      objects].

PMID- 971831
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of the agricultural use and the toxicology of some herbicides].

PMID- 971832
TI  - [Some aspects of the biological activity of intermittent noise].

PMID- 971833
TI  - [Effect of vegetable oil on the animal organism].

PMID- 971834
TI  - [Standards for C14 entering the human body with food products].

PMID- 971835
TI  - [Distribution of the work time of the chief physicians of district sanitary
      epidemiological stations].

PMID- 971836
TI  - [From the work experience of a health education club in organizing hygiene
      education for the population].

PMID- 971837
TI  - [Continuity of the teaching of health disciplines].

PMID- 971838
TI  - [Determination of the chemical makeup of the volatile emissions from the plant
      cover using mass spectrometry].

PMID- 971839
TI  - [Determination of asulfuric acid and sulfuric anhydride mist in the air of
      manufacturing premises].

PMID- 971840
TI  - [Computation of the coefficients of pesticide diffusion in air].

PMID- 971841
TI  - [Photocolorimetric method of the separate determination of aerosols and vaporous
      inorganic 5-valent phosphorus compounds in the atmosphere].

PMID- 971842
TI  - [Gas chromatographic study of industrial oils in the air].

PMID- 971843
TI  - [Automatic infrared photometric determination of carbon dioxide in air].

PMID- 971844
TI  - [State of health and nutrition and some indices of protein, carbohydrate and
      vitamin metabolism in nickel manufacture workers under the conditions of the
      polar regions].

PMID- 971845
TI  - [Problem of the biological norm in experimental research in hygiene].

PMID- 971846
TI  - [Device for taking air samples under field conditions].

PMID- 971847
TI  - [Express method for computing the concentration of substances in the air].

PMID- 971848
TI  - [Efficiency of sewage afterpurification in a settling pond].

PMID- 971849
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of fish farm-biological ponds used for purifying livestock
      farm wastes].

PMID- 971850
TI  - [Effect of simultaneous administration of chorionic gonadotropins and estradiol
      on allogeneic graft of white rat ovary].

PMID- 971851
TI  - [Morphological pattern of white rat uterus innervation].

PMID- 971852
TI  - [Role of sex hormone-binding globulin and of thyroid hormones in testosterone
      metabolism as well as the treatment of hirsutism in women].

PMID- 971853
TI  - [Activity of kininogenic systems in labor].

PMID- 971854
TI  - [Human myometrium as a source of tissue plasminogen].

PMID- 971855
TI  - [Metabolism of active peptides in human placenta].

PMID- 971856
TI  - [Effect of free hemoglobin solutions on erythropoiesis].

PMID- 971857
TI  - [Effect of mechanical deformation on the electric resistance of rat uterine
      tissue].

PMID- 971858
TI  - [Effect of endogenous prostaglandins inhibition on the activity of human non
      pregnant uterus in vitro].

PMID- 971859
TI  - [Xanthinol nicotinate and bufenin hydrochloride in the treatment of gestosis].

PMID- 971860
TI  - [Index of the phagocytic granulocytes in the peripheral blood of hypotrophic term
      infants in relation to Staphylococcus aureus].

PMID- 971861
TI  - [Evaluation of 17-ketosteroids and their fractions as well as 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids in early neonatal period].

PMID- 971862
TI  - [Estrogen excretion in women treated with menopausal gonadotropins].

PMID- 971863
TI  - [Analysis of 9 years of prophylactic examinations of the Bialystok Region women].

PMID- 971864
TI  - [Neurotrophy of pelvic diaphragm tissues in women with prolapse of the
      genitalia].

PMID- 971865
TI  - [Clinical genetics in the Bialystok Region].

PMID- 971866
TI  - [Observation of a distinct humeral spur formation].
AB  - A 23 year old male with a mirror right hand, duplicated ulna and aplasia of the
      radius is presented. A large deformity of the distal and anterior surface of the
      humerus was also noted. Based on clinical documentation and X-rays it was felt
      that this unusual bony formation probably represented a minimal rudiment of the
      radius and that the bone deformity at the distal end of the humerus did not
      represent a supracondylar humeral spur which is occasionally seen in humerus
      without any concommittent congenital deformities, as is nearly always seen in
      mammals.

PMID- 971867
TI  - [Static and dynamic studies on finger arthrodeses].
AB  - Some general techniques in arthrodesis of finger joints are described. Then
      biomechanical measurements were made after compression arthrodesis with screws,
      crossed KIRSCHNER wires, tension band wiring, compression plates (Swiss AO), and
      self compression plates, creascent shaped (MITTELMEIER). By screws, a maximal
      compression between 25 and 34 kp is achieved. Using a selfcompressing, bent,
      crescent shaped plate, one gets a compression of about 18 kp. This osteosynthesis
      resists a high deflection momentum if edgewise inserted.

PMID- 971868
TI  - [Advances in osteosynthesis of hand fractures].
AB  - In recent years stable internal fixation of hand fractures has become more
      commonly used though the majority of fractures of the hand bones are still
      treated successfully by other orthopedic means. We feel that in selected
      fractures internal fixation achieves better results than conservative treatment.
      Operative methods with less traumatic skin incisions for the fixation of multiple
      metacarpal fractures are proposed. A retrograde screw fixation technique is
      presented which permitts application of compression in very small bone fragments,
      which risk to be crashed by standard screwing. Results of 60 internal fixations
      of carpometacarpal fractures of the first metacarpal are reported. Follow-up
      examination of 41 patients between 1-7 years following surgery, revealed
      posttraumatic arthritis only in 3 joints, although remaining small articular
      irregularities were frequently seen on X-ray. Secondary angulation occured in
      four cases in spite fixation. This was due to poor cortical fixation on the
      palmar side of the fracture, thus in such cases temporary plaster cast should
      entirely be applied.

PMID- 971869
TI  - [Stable osteosynthesis in reconstructive surgery of the hand].
AB  - Stable fixation of the skeleton of the hand hat its merits especially in
      reconstructive procedures, such as osteotomy for malunited fractures, bone
      grafting procedures for loss of bone substance, fusion of any of the numerous
      joints in the hand and finally for finger as well as metacarpal transfer. Stable
      fixation is useful also in combined procedures on bone, tendons and skin. The aim
      of stabilization is immediate restauration as a lever arm in the motor system of
      the extremity. This may be achieved using adequate metalimplants based on
      biomechanically sound principles as outlined above.

PMID- 971870
TI  - [Osteosyntheses in rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - The wrist joint is fused by an original method consisting of a Rush pin from the
      third metacarpal bone high up in radius and secured against rotation by two
      staples between carpal bones and radius. The MP-joint of the thumb is arthrodesed
      by aid of a staple with compression - a special instrumentarium is used. PIP
      joints were fused according to BOYES technique and the DIP-joints with
      compression screws.

PMID- 971871
TI  - [Computer sensomtery as objective examination of sensation in the finger area].
AB  - The authors described what they believe to be a more objective method for
      evaluation of sensation within the digital pulp. It requires the use of
      electronic equipment including EEG to record the evoked potentials. With further
      refinement this method should become a valid tool in the objective examination of
      sensory patterns.

PMID- 971872
TI  - [Conservative treatment of extensor tendon injuries].
AB  - Report on 35 cases of mallet finger treated conservatively: a circular plaster
      cast was modeled in hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint. The
      immobilisation of the whole finger form the tip to the proximal phalanx was
      maintained for six weeks. The reported results were good or excellent with the
      exception of two cases.

PMID- 971873
TI  - [Pseudarthrosis of halmulus ossis hamati causing persistent pain in the
      hypothenar].

PMID- 971874
TI  - [Surgery of an oryzoid-body hygroma at the flexor tendon sheath and functional
      healing results].

PMID- 971875
TI  - [Spontaneous arthroereisis of the wrist joint due to epiphyseal necrosis of the
      radius].

PMID- 971876
TI  - [Joint chondromatoses of the wrist].

PMID- 971877
TI  - [Osteoclastoma of the 1st metacarpal bone].

PMID- 971878
TI  - [Treatment of navicular-bone fractures and pseudarthroses with electric and
      magnetic potentials].

PMID- 971879
TI  - [Radiation ulcer of the left hand existing for 16 years].

PMID- 971880
TI  - [A case of a successful transplant in severe saddle-joint arthrosis of the thumb
      following Bennett's fracture].

PMID- 971881
TI  - [Tendon interposition transfer in partial necrotic navicular pseudarthrosis].

PMID- 971882
TI  - [Scintigraphic demonstration of the synovial membrane].
AB  - A new technique to diagnose and control the progress of pcp in the hand is
      described using Tc 99 m to visualize inflammatory reactions in various tissues.
      Objectivity, repeatability and the possibility to see the disease in its earliest
      stages are advantages of the method.

PMID- 971883
TI  - The effect of motor-response-deprivation on contingent negative variation (CNV).
      III: relation with Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI).
AB  - The contingent negative variation (CNV) was correlated with Maudsley Personality
      Inventory (MPI) in 43 healthy adults as follows: (1) The conventional CNV with
      motor-response showed a negative correlation with the scores of extroversion in
      the MPI (E-scores). The recovery of the conventional CNV after verbal extinction
      showed both a negative correlation with the E-scores and a politive correlation
      with the scores of neuroticism (N-scores). (2) The motor-response-deprived CNV in
      the stimuli and nonresponse sessions (Sa and Na) showed no correlation with the
      MPI, because they fluctuated according to the subject's attentiveness. On the
      other hand, the CNV in the discrimination session (Da) with constant
      attentiveness to stimuli showed a positive correlation with the N-scores. (3) The
      response times in the control and response sessions showed a positive correlation
      with the N-scores in males and a negative correlation in females. The correlation
      with the E-scores was nearly opposite.

PMID- 971884
TI  - Effects of L-dopa and vitamin B6 on electroencephalograms of schizophrenic
      patients: a preliminary report.
AB  - 1. To assess the therapeutic effect of low-dose L-Dopa therapy and associated EEG
      changes in chronic schizophrenia, 10 patients with a mean duration of illness of
      12.4 years were treated with L-Dopa for a period of eight weeks during which the
      dosage was increased progressively from an initial level of 300 mg q.d. biweekly
      up to 600 mg q.d. The treatment was moderately effective in one case and slightly
      efficacious in one, produced no significant change in the conditions of seven
      patients while the remaining patient showed exacerbation; hence a noticeably low
      rate of improvement. There occurred no significant changes in the EEG pattern in
      the series of 10 patients on the average. The individual patients' responses,
      nevertheless, could be classified into three groups: one with no observable EEG
      changes, the second showing a slight degree of increase in alpha activity and the
      third exhibiting diminution of alpha activity in the EEG. The patients in the
      latter two groups all had durations of disease less than 10 years. 2.
      Observations were made primarily of changes in the EEG in 20 chronically
      schizophrenic patients with a mean duration of disease of 13 years receiving 60
      mg of vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) daily over a period of four weeks.
      Slight increase of alpha activity and decrease of theta activity in the EEG were
      noted on the average of the 20 cases, in response to the vitamin B6 therapy. The
      increase of alpha activity was frequently seen among patients with a duration of
      illness less than 10 years whose pretreatment EEG pattern had been alpha dominant
      (five out of 10 cases), whereas a slight ameliorative tendency of EEG was
      observed only in one out of 10 patients whose pretreatment EEG pattern had been
      slow-wave dominant. Symptomatic improvement was evident only in one of the 20
      cases studied. 3. Observations were made of the therapeutic effect and associated
      EEG changes in eight patients receiving combined medication of 200 mg L-Dopa and
      30 mg vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) daily for a period of 12 weeks. Of
      these eight patients with a mean duration of disease of 18.3 years, two showed
      excellent response, three good and three fair; hence good to excellent responses
      attained in five out of the eight cases or 62.5%. A marked increase in alpha
      activity in the EEG occurred from the 2nd to 4th weeks onward in all eight cases.
      The EEG changes were likely to precede the symptomatic improvement. 4. To sum up
      the results of these three clinical trials, administration of L-Dopa alone
      resulted in practically no symptomatic improvement or EEG changes in patients
      with chronic schizophrenia whilst vitamin B6 administered singly as pyridoxal-5'
      phosphate scarcely produced significant symptomatic improvement but brought about
      a slight ameliorative tendency in the EEG of such patients. Both symptomatic
      amelioration and EEG improvement occurred following combined medication of L-Dopa
      and vitamin B6...

PMID- 971885
TI  - Familial unusual encephalopathy of Binswanger's type without hypertension.
AB  - Clinical and pathological studies have been conducted on two brothers with
      unusual encephalopathy of Binswanger's type. The disease started in the third
      decade with steady progressive course leading to death in eight or nine years.
      The clinical picture was summarized as a combination of organic dementia,
      extrapyramidal disorders associated with pseudobulbar symptoms and marked
      pyramidal tract signs. The blood pressure remained always normal during the
      course. Pathologically, there were diffuse and focal demyelination with sparing
      of U-fibers, multiple small foci of perivascular softening in the cerebral white
      matter and in the basal ganglia and severe arteriosclerotic changes of memingeal
      small arteries and long arteries with 100 to 400 micron caliber in the cerebral
      white matter. Vessel changes consisted of fibrous intimal proliferation, severe
      hyalinosis and splitting of intima and/or internal elastic membrane. The
      histopathological process belonged to the category of subcortical
      arteriosclerotic encephalopathy of Binswanger's type. There has been some
      discussion as to differential diagnosis among various forms of vasculitis such as
      cerebral endangiitis obliterans, periarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus
      erythematosus, rheumatic vascular disease and giant cell arteritis.

PMID- 971886
TI  - Electron microscopic studies of the T-system--the effects of hyperosmolar
      glycerol and dantrolene sodium on mammalian muscles.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of the T-systems in mammalian muscles were performed
      to investigate the effects of hyperosmolar glycerol solution and dantrolene
      sodium. The results indicate that in mammalian muscles the terminal cisterns of
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum seem to be the site of morphological changes which
      occur when the muscle specimens were transferred from the hypertonic glycerol
      solution to isotonic washing solution. When the muscle specimen was further
      exposed to dantrolene solution, the above changes were intensified. The changes
      of the terminal cisterns of SR were characterized by prominent vacuolar changes
      and the T-tubules were pressed and narrowed by those vacuoles secondarily. The
      glycerol and dantrolene technique did not cause any electron microscopic changes
      in the sarcolemma, myofibrils, nor Z-discs, and selective changes in the T
      system, i.e. at the terminal cisterns of SR were demonstrated. This technique,
      excitation-contraction uncoupling, abolishes isometric twitch tension up to 99.7%
      and serves for the purpose of prolonged intracellular recordings of mammalian
      muscles without movement induced artifacts.

PMID- 971887
TI  - Immunoglobulin abnormalities in epileptic patients treated with
      diphenylhydantoin.
AB  - An immunologic study was made on 170 epileptic patients treated with
      antiepileptic drugs. The most noteworthy finding was that the serum IgA was
      decreased in 22 patients, and an IgA deficiency noticed in 12 of them. The
      blastic transformation rate of lymphocytes in PHA-containing cultures appeared
      low in seven out of 12 patients. Other findings included decreased serum IgM and
      IgG in some patients. These abnormalities were not encountered in epileptic
      patients taking no anti-epileptic drugs. Therefore, they could be considered as
      the side effects of antiepileptic drugs. In all patients manifesting these
      abnormalities, diphenylhydantoin was used in common. It was surmised that the
      above-mentioned immunologic abnormalities caused by anti-epileptic drugs,
      especially diphenylhydantoin, had resulted from disorders of the antibody
      producing organs in the bone marrow-thymus-lymphatic system.

PMID- 971888
TI  - [The cancer patient - illustrated by cervical cancer].

PMID- 971889
TI  - [Characterization of active fetal movements in early pregnancy using ultrasound
      (time-motion technic)].
AB  - In 82 pregnancies between 9 and 14 weeks of amenorrhea, 120 registrations of
      active movements of the embryo were recorded by the ultrasonic time motion
      technique. Four types of early motility could be observed: Ia = single
      convulsions of the body, Ib = series of body convulsions, II = rapid movements of
      the extremities, III = combined complexe movements. The frequency and complexity
      of the movements increased with progressing gestational age.

PMID- 971890
TI  - [Intensive care in obstetrics and gynecology. Indications for transfer to the
      intensive care unit].
AB  - Between the years of 1969 and 1974, 68 patients were transferred from our
      Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology to the Intensive Care Unit. This figure
      represents 0,5% of all operative cases. 50% were high risk patients, previously
      under the care of our physicians. 11,8% occurred because of problems arising from
      latent diseases not previously diagnosed. The main reasons for transfer were
      septic shock, coagulopathy arising from abruptio placenta, placenta praevia,
      embolism and pneumonia. Interdepartmental cooperation is indispensable for
      correct diagnosis and a timely transfer.

PMID- 971891
TI  - [EPH gestosis. Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and therapy].

PMID- 971892
TI  - [Obese patients in obstetrics].
AB  - The results of two studies about the course of pregnancy and delivery in adipose
      women in our hospital are combined and discussed. We found a higher rate of EPH
      gestosis in overweight patients. The frequency of Cesarean section was increased.
      Belated uterine involution post partum is more frequent in adipose women, also
      the occurrence of urinary tract infections. There is a significant increase in
      perinatal mortality, mainly due to an increase in still-born. Pneumonia due to
      aspiration and birth traumata occur more frequently as well and endanger the
      children.

PMID- 971893
TI  - [A system for collection, registration and storage of maternal and fetal
      parameters during pregnancy and delivery].

PMID- 971894
TI  - [Proposal for the management of the current regulations under Paragraph 218].

PMID- 971895
TI  - [Procedures in the termination of pregnancy, "Mannheim" proposal - document
      symbol Paragraph 218/new 76].

PMID- 971896
TI  - [Complications following ambulatory abortion].
AB  - A survey was made of 394 abortions with ensuing complications during the years
      1970-1974. Of these 17 were induced abortions, 3 of which showed serious
      complications. In two of these cases uterus extirpation by laparotomy was
      necessary.

PMID- 971897
TI  - [Zeiss Axiomat - a new microscope system].
AB  - A new microscope concept is described whereby the individual main functions of a
      universal microscope are performed by box-type, square-based modules which can be
      combined at will. The main characteristics of the new Axiomat microscope are the
      quality of its optics, its universality and stability.

PMID- 971898
TI  - [Epidemiology of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma].
AB  - In a retrospective study characteristics of 729 climacteric and postmenopausal
      women with hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium are compared with
      those of 82 women with atrophic endometrium and 96 women with carcinoma of the
      cervix. In a prospective study 225 women with glandular-cystic, adenomatous and
      atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium have been checked by a control-curettage
      within a period of two months until four years following the first diagnosis. Low
      parity, disturbances of menstruation with anovulatoric bleedings during fertility
      period, adipositas, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in climacteric and
      postmenopausal women indicate a high risk of carcinoma of the endometrium.
      Hyperplasias of the endometrium in climacteric women cannot be considered as
      precursors of corpus carcinoma. They are the result of a temporary hormonal
      dysfunction. Prophylactic hysterectomy, however, should be performed, if
      adenomatous or atypical hyperplasia appears in older postmenopausal women with
      the indicators of high risk of endometriumcarcinoma as mentioned above.

PMID- 971899
TI  - [Risk factors in chronic mastopathy].

PMID- 971900
TI  - [Seat belts and pregnancy].
AB  - The best safety for the mother and her unborn child while driving a car is the
      proper use of a seat belt. Only a correctly constructed and fitted lap-shoulder
      safety harness should be used. The instruction to wear a seat belt and to wear it
      correctly should be part of the pregnancy-care-program for each physician.

PMID- 971901
TI  - Using a computer profile to assess quality of care in a psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 971902
TI  - A client-coding system to maintain confidentiality in a computerized data system.

PMID- 971903
TI  - Implementing an automated goal attainment system for CMHC program evaluation.

PMID- 971904
TI  - The prescription pad helps psychiatrists to motivate patients.

PMID- 971905
TI  - A program to educate high school students about careers in mental health.

PMID- 971906
TI  - Perspectives on accountability in mental health and retardation services.
AB  - Public mental health and mental retardation agencies are under increasing
      pressure to demonstrate their accountability in fiscal, legal, program, and other
      areas. The author discusses some of the problems and issures in pinpointing
      accountability and identifies eight areas of accountability--to patients, to
      program and management staff, to a chief executive, to a legislative body, to the
      public, to one's profession, and to one's self. He describes ways in which
      accountability can be demonstrated and emphasizes that, for mental health
      professionals, the overriding issue in accountability must be the provision of
      high-quality care and treatment for the mentally ill and mentally retarded.

PMID- 971907
TI  - State hospital review boards in Minnesota.
AB  - For the past eight years Minnesota has had a review board for each state hospital
      serving the mentally ill and the mentally retarded. Each board consists of at
      least three individuals appointed by the commissioner of the department of public
      welfare. The board is an external review body in that members are not associated
      with the department or with the state hospital. It visits the hospital as
      frequently as required to review commitment papers and processes, assess the
      propriety of treatment procedures, ensure that each patient has an individualized
      treatment plan, interview patients and record their concerns, conduct a random
      review of patients' records, and meet with hospital staff. The board reports its
      findings to the commissioner and to the head of the hospital.

PMID- 971908
TI  - A psychiatrist in a bureaucracy: the unsettling compromises.
AB  - Psychiatrists employed by bureaucracies must make a number of compromises in
      order to reconcile their employing organization's formally stated aims, their
      superiors' day-to-day expectations, and their traditional role model of physician
      and patient-oriented therapist. The author studied nine psychiatrists working for
      the U.S. Army during a two-year period in the mid-seventies. Their adaptation to
      expectations and pressures of the bureaucracy can be described in one of three
      general ways: through alignment with the official views of the Army,
      compartmentalization of roles to meet both patients' expectations and the Army's
      expectations, or rejection of a military identity.

PMID- 971909
TI  - The politics of program evaluation: the mental health experience.
AB  - The authors discuss evaluation studies of the community mental health centers
      program. The emphasize that program evaluation is a political activity to
      influence the allocation of public resources. They examine its relationship to
      decision-making, power conflicts, and bureaucratic goals. They point out that the
      evaluator is seldom totally objective. They also emphasize the increasing use of
      evaluation by politicians.

PMID- 971910
TI  - Psychiatric peer review: a working model.
AB  - The author describes a system for psychiatric peer review developed by a peer
      review committee in a general hospital. At the heart of the system is a form
      called the peer review check sheet, which requires the physician to specify
      diagnosis, reasons for hospitalization, and major symptom complexes, as well as
      laboratory work and treatment and discharge plans. Minimal criteria have been
      established to verify the diagnoses and to justify the need for hospitalization.
      Each month the check sheets are removed from the charts of patients who have been
      discharged and sent to committee members for evaluation. Those that are
      incomplete or unsatisfactory signal the need to examine the patient's chart.

PMID- 971911
TI  - Medic Alert tags identify wearers' medical problems.

PMID- 971912
TI  - Increase employee productivity and patient satisfaction.

PMID- 971913
TI  - Resilient and terrazzo floor care methods.

PMID- 971914
TI  - A practical approach to low cost maintenance management.

PMID- 971915
TI  - Contagious disease strikes but doesn't stop Canadian hospital.

PMID- 971916
TI  - The medical nurse practitioner in the skilled care facility.

PMID- 971917
TI  - Advice from the health consumer is the best kind.

PMID- 971918
TI  - When health care costs are contained, quality goes down.

PMID- 971919
TI  - Comparison of methodologies to achieve equitable reimbursement for providers.

PMID- 971920
TI  - Carter's deputy campaign director delineates health care positions.

PMID- 971921
TI  - Group of clergymen provides 24-hour inhospital services.

PMID- 971922
TI  - Four small hospitals apply new methods improvement tool.

PMID- 971923
TI  - Unit managers serve as liaison between administration, wards.

PMID- 971924
TI  - All health care systems struggle against rising costs.

PMID- 971925
TI  - The area health education center as a rural health care provider.

PMID- 971926
TI  - Purchasing director motivates suppliers to compete for bids.

PMID- 971927
TI  - Study evaluates effects of new communication system.

PMID- 971928
TI  - Group admitting process saves time, improves patient satisfaction.

PMID- 971929
TI  - Employee fringe benefits.

PMID- 971930
TI  - Multihospital systems may offer solutions to delivery problems.

PMID- 971931
TI  - Alcoholism accreditation: an educational experience.

PMID- 971932
TI  - Planning lessens strike's impact at Cabrini.

PMID- 971933
TI  - Who cares?

PMID- 971934
TI  - Can the hospital survive the uptight, upright patient?

PMID- 971935
TI  - Holding the CEO accountable.

PMID- 971937
TI  - Healing mission of the Church--a search for human wholeness.

PMID- 971936
TI  - Why create a system of Catholic health care facilities?

PMID- 971938
TI  - Dogma: its meaning and limits.

PMID- 971939
TI  - Planning--a full-time responsibility.

PMID- 971940
TI  - Ribonucleic acid synthesis in normal and immune macrophages after antigenic
      stimulus.
AB  - Macrophage ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis is an important metabolic process
      intimately related to the function of these cells. Mouse peritoneal macrophage
      RNA was extracted with phenol in the presence of bentonite and electrophoresed on
      composite agarose-polyacrylamide gels. The pulse-chase technique was used to
      follow the precursor relationships in macrophage ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation.
      The rRNA species at 18S and 28S appeared at 15 and 45 min, respectively, after
      RNA synthesis was halted. Their appearance corresponded closely to decreases in
      the rRNA precursors at 45S, 36S, and 34S. Studies of RNA methylation aided in
      confirming the identity of these ribosomal species. Unmethylated RNA species
      appeared as messenger RNA between 5S and 15S, and at about 55S probably
      represented heterodisperse nuclear RNA. When normal macrophages were incubated
      with heat-killed Salmonella enteritidis, an acceleration in the maturation of RNA
      was observed. The accelerated maturation was indicated by the earlier appearance
      of 28S rRNA and the more rapid development of an equilibrium state, where further
      labeling did not change the RNA profile. In macrophage RNA from mice immunized
      with S. enteritidis, rRNA species appeared rapidly but did not accumulate to the
      same extent as observed for normal macrophages. Precursor rRNA and other RNA
      species developed as usual, suggesting specific degradation of mature rRNA. Such
      rRNA wastage could indicate a mechanism controlling ribosome assembly in the non
      proliferating activated macrophage. The pattern of RNA synthesis in immune
      macrophages was essentially unchanged by the presence of heat-killed S.
      enteritidis in vitro.

PMID- 971941
TI  - Immunoglobulin classes in genital secretions of mycoplasma-infected and normal
      heifers.
AB  - Immunoglobulin levels were studied in the genital secretions of seven heifers
      which had been bred to a bull infected with Mycoplasma agalactiae var. bovis and
      three heifers bred to a noninfected bull. The median immunoglobulin G (IgG)/IgA
      ratio ratio for vaginal secretions was 0.7, for cervical secretions 21.9, and for
      uterine secretions 13.0. This indicated that IgA was the mahor immunoglobilin
      class in the most superficial portion of the reproductive tract and that IgG was
      the major class in secretions of the deeper tract. The response to infection was
      studied by comparing animals infected with mycoplasma and noninfected controls.
      The IgG/IgA ratios were significantly lower in infected animals than in controls,
      apparently due to high IgA values in infected animals. Low mycoplasmal agglutinin
      titers were detected in secretions of three of the infected animals, but there
      appeared to be no relationship between agglutinin titers and histopathological
      lesions or between agglutinin titers and IgG/IgA ratios in this group of animals.

PMID- 971942
TI  - Inactivation of hemolytic complement in human serum by an acylated polysaccharide
      from a gram-positive rod: possible significance in pigeon-breeder's disease.
AB  - In an attempt to identify the major complement-consuming heteropolysaccharides in
      pigeon excreta, a number of teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids from gram
      positive bacteria were examined as possible substitutes. Teichoic acids from the
      cell wall and membrane of Lactobacillus buchnerii were found suitable. Samples of
      freshly voided pigeon droppings were cultured under anaerobic conditions and the
      bacteria were identified, subcultured, and extracted with phenol-water. Cell wall
      and membrane antigens from isolated Lactobacillus species could replace pigeon
      excreta antigens in diagnostic complement consumption tests. Purification and
      chemical characterization indicated the major antigen from Lactobacillus in this
      respect to be an acylated heteropolysaccharide.

PMID- 971943
TI  - Endotoxic activity of rough organisms of Brucella species.
AB  - A rough-specific antigen extracted from the rough species Brucella ovis and
      lipopolysaccharide extracted from smooth Brucella abortus demonstrated equivalent
      levels of activity in tests for mouse lethality and limulus lysate clotting
      activity. Acetone-extracted whole cells of B. ovis and of B. canis and of a rough
      mutant of B; abortus had the same toxicity for mice, but it was not possible to
      extract endotoxin from B. canis by the methods used.

PMID- 971944
TI  - T2 lipopolysaccharide antigen of Salmonella: genetic determination of T2 and
      properties of the T2, T2,S, and T2,SR Forms.
AB  - The T2 antigenic form of Salmonella bareilly was examined. The absence of O
      specificity in this strain was shown to be due to its nonfunctional rfb genes;
      when the rfb gene cluster was replaced by the rfb cluster derived from smooth
      donor strains, T2,S and T2,SR recombinants were produced that expressed both T2
      and either 0-6,7 or 0-4,12 specificity, depending on O antigen of the donor
      strain. The T2, T2,S, and T2,SR forms were all unstable on culture and segregated
      T2-negative forms (R, S, and  SR, respectively) at a high rate. In all these
      respects the T2 antigen closely resembled the other T-form antigen, T1. The genes
      responsible for the T2 antigen, rfu, were not close to rfb, but their precise
      location and relation to rft (which determines T1 antigen) could not be
      discovered because of the instability to the T2 form and low recombination
      frequency in the necessary interspecies crosses.

PMID- 971945
TI  - Lysis of Acholeplasma laidlawii by antibodies and complement.
AB  - Membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii were used to determine the membrane
      components involved in immune lysis and to eventually detect enzymatic changes in
      the membrane components during this reaction. In a previous publication we
      reported that A. laidlawii can be killed by antibody and complement and that
      antibodies to membrane proteins are by far more effective than antibodies to
      membrane lipids in the complement-dependent killing of this organism. In this
      report we demonstrate that membrane damage occurs after the combined action of
      antibody and complement. In addition, the cytoplasmic enzyme hexokinase is
      released during immune killing. As visualized by electron microscopy, the
      organisms lost their cytoplasm and were transformed into ghosts. In the majority
      of organisms, tears in the membrane could be seen. Ultrastructural lesions of
      about 8.0 to 10 nm in diameter were visible when the organisms were incubated
      with antiserum and complement. 14C-labeled fatty acids were incorporated during
      growth into A. laidlawii membrane lipids. After incubation of labeled organisms
      with antiserum and complement, release of radioactive material into the
      supernatant and changes in the lipid composition were not observeed. Enzymatic
      degradation of membrane lipids of A. laidlawii during immune lysis was not
      detected.

PMID- 971946
TI  - Rosette-forming cells during immune response to Toxoplasma gondii in mice.
AB  - The rosette-forming cell (RFC) response of mice immunized with varying doses of
      Toxoplasma gondii was studied by immunocytoadherence (ICA). The specificity of
      ICA in the present system was tested by passive sensitization with hyperimmune
      serum in vivo and in vitro. A slight increase in RFC was observed with the
      latter. Prior treatment of spleen cells from immunized animals with rabbit anti
      mouse immunoglobulin resulted in total inhibition of ICA. During the primary and
      the secondary response after 10 days, the number of RFC rose rapidly to reach the
      peak on the 3rd day. With secondary immunization 30 days later, the peak shifted
      to the 2nd day. Mice infected with a lower dose of Toxoplasma had a greater
      number of RFC during the secondary response after 10 days than with a larger
      dose.

PMID- 971947
TI  - Further characterization of a lipopolysaccharide from Coxiella burneti.
AB  - The lipopolysaccharide previously isolated from the rickettsial agent of Q fever,
      Coxiella burneti, phase I, has been further characterized. The sugar residues
      ribose, mannose, gluclose, D-glycero-D-mannoheptose, and L-glycerto-D
      mannoheptose are present. Two sugars remain unidentified, one of which is a minor
      and the other a major constituent. Isomyristic, palmitic, and beta
      hydroxymyristic acids are the major fatty acid residues of the 15 identified. The
      nature and content of other lipopolysaccharide constituents are presented.

PMID- 971948
TI  - Diffusible viral interference during arbovirus plaque formation.
AB  - A radially diffusing zone of nonspecific interference was observed surrounding
      plaques of Western equine encephalitis virus. The increase in diameters of the
      zones of interference were linear and more rapid than increases in plaque
      diameters. These observations raise the possibility that viral-induced
      interference could account for the diminished growth of Western equine
      encephalitis virus plaques with time or even the initial formation of plaques. In
      addition, this system could be used as a model to study localized host defenses
      during early infection of solid tissues in vivo.

PMID- 971949
TI  - Differential inhibition of Streptococcus mutans in vitro adherence by anti
      glucosyltransferase antibodies.
AB  - Antibodies prepared against an insoluble-soluble glucan-synthesizing fraction
      significantly inhibited in vitro adherence of Streptococcus mutans, whereas
      antibodies directed against a soluble glucan-synthesizing fraction were much less
      inhibitory.

PMID- 971950
TI  - Naturally occurring secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies to Streptococcus mutans
      in human colostrum and saliva.
AB  - Human colostrum, parotid saliva, and serum were assayed for the presence of
      naturally occurring antibodies to five serotypes of Streptococcus mutans.
      Appreciable levels of agglutinins to strains AHT, BHT, 10449, 6715, and LM-7
      (groups a leads to e, respectively) were detected in normal colostrum and saliva,
      whereas relatively low levels were found in serum. No agglutinins could be
      detected in the colostrum or saliva of immunodeficient patients. Molecular sieve
      chromatography of the colostrum on Sephadex G-200 revealed agglutinin activity in
      the secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA)-rich fraction only. Titration of purified
      colostral s-IgA confirmed the IgA nature of this agglutinating activity. Indirect
      immunofluorescence tests with anti-s-IgA, -IgG, and -IgM revealed S. mutans
      specificity only in the s-IgA class. The presence of s-IgA antibodies to
      indigenous oral microorganisms in colostrum, as well as in saliva, suggests that
      antigenic stimulation occurs at a site remote from the oral mucosa.

PMID- 971951
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to Vibrio cholerae with ribonucleic acid-protein fractions
      of V. cholerae L-form lysates.
AB  - Different L-form lysate vaccines of Vibrio cholerae serotypes Ogawa and Inaba and
      their combination along with ethyl alcohol-precipitated ribonucleic acid (E-RNA)
      and phenol-extracted RNA (P-RNA) fractions of V. cholerae Ogawa lysates were
      tested for production of cell-mediated immunity. Both E-RNA and P-RNA fractions
      induced an increase in leukocyte migration inhibition, macrophage migration
      inhibition, and macrophage aggregation. They also induced delayed
      hypersensitivity in rabbits. More consistent results were obtained with the P-RNA
      fraction.

PMID- 971952
TI  - Cell-mediated immune response to products of Actinomyces viscosus cultures.
AB  - Hartley strain guinea pigs were sensitized with 0.5 ml of concentrated cell-free
      Actinomyces viscosus culture supernatant fluids mixed with Freund complete
      adjuvant. Fourteen to 16 days later the animals were challenged by intradermal
      injection with 0.1 ml of the culture supernatant, and the reactions were observed
      at 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. Peritoneal exudate cells from sensitized animals were
      used for determination of migration inhibition factor, and guinea pig peripheral
      blood served as a source of cells for determining the induction of mitogenesis by
      antigenic material. Skin responses were consistently positive to challenge with
      the test material, whereas reactions to noninoculated culture medium were
      negative. Sensitized cells, challenged with antigen, resulted in 60% or greater
      inhibition of migration of indicator cells in migration inhibition factor
      experiments. Tests for mitogenesis showed a greater than fourfold increase in
      isotope uptake when sensitized cells were challenged with test material. The data
      are consistent with the suggestion that A. viscosus culture supernatants contain
      substances that induce cell-mediated immune responses in guinea pigs.

PMID- 971953
TI  - Peptido polysaccharide antigens from Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum.
AB  - Two highly purified peptido polysaccharide antigens have been isolated from
      surface-grown cultures of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum.
      Trichloroacetic acid extraction and ethanol precipitation yielded a mixture
      containing high-molecular-weight components which were first separated on
      Sephadex G-200. Subsequent fractionation by ion-exchange chromatography on DE-52
      cellulose (borate form) yielded the two peptido polysaccharides. Both of the
      peptido polysaccharides reacted with rabbit antiserum to T. mentagrophytes var.
      granulosum. The two peptido polysaccharides contain 73.2% hexoses (mannose
      galactose-glucose, 7.5:0.7:1), 8.6% amino acids and 1.8% amino sugars and 77.4%
      hexoses (mannose-galactose-glucose, 9:0.3:1), 6.2% amino acids, and 0.4% amino
      sugars, respectively. Each contains 16 different amino acids, threonine, proline,
      and serine predominating.

PMID- 971954
TI  - Occurrence and distribution of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in oral streptococci.
AB  - Specific growth rates, growth yields, and the level and cellular distribution of
      three sucrose-metabolizing enzyme activities were determined for seven oral
      streptococci (Streptococcus mutans strains E49, BHT, 10449, SL-1, and LM-7, S.
      sanguis 10558, and S. salivarius 25975). Cultures were grown in a fermentor at pH
      6 with either 20 mM glucose or 10 mM sucrose. Generation times varied between 21
      and 70 min. Whereas some strains grew 10 to 50% more slowly with sucrose than
      with glucose, others did not. Growth was always logarithmic, and the growth
      yields were similar. Glcosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.5) was largely extracellular;
      in sucrose cultures it was appreciably lower, but no major shift to a cell
      associated form was found. In glucose cultures, the activity varied between 4 and
      140 IU per 6-liter culture. The glucan formed was mostly or exclusively water
      insoluble. Glcosyl transferase was stimulated weakly (60% or less) by various
      dextrans. Fructosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.10) was primarily extracellular (except
      in glucose cultures of S. salivarius) and varied between 0 and 337 IU/culture. In
      S. salivarius, the extracellular fructosyl transferase was induced by sucrose. In
      all S. Mutans cultures, the total fructosyl transferase activity was lower after
      growth with sucrose. All strains had extra- and intracellular invertase (EC
      3.2.1.26) activity. Total levels varied between 210 and 3,500 IU/culture. Less
      extracellular activity was present in sucrose cultures. Only S. salivarius had
      appreciable activity in the cellular particulate fraction. Invertase activity was
      significantly higher than the combined glucosyl and fructosyl transferase
      activities in all cultures.

PMID- 971955
TI  - Interaction between Coxiella burnetii and guinea pig peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - The phagocytosis and subsequent degradation of phase I and II Coxiella burnetii
      by macrophages obtained from immune and nonimmune guinea pigs were compared.
      Phase I rickettsiae were more resistant to phagocytosis than were phase II
      organisms. There was no significant difference in the percentage of phagocytosis
      of either phase of rickettsiae by macrophages from immune or nonimmune animals.
      After ingestion, phase I and II organisms pretreated with normal serum multiplied
      and destroyed normal macrophages as well as macrophages obtained from guinea pigs
      immunized with phase II rickettsiae. In contrast, only phase I organisms were
      degraded by macrophages from phase I-immunized animals in the presence of normal
      serum. Immune serum rendered rickettsiae more susceptible to phagocytosis and
      also potentiated the destruction of organisms by all types of macrophages. The
      specificity of macrophages from phase I animals to degrade only phase I
      rickettsiae was demonstrated by the ability of Rickettsia rickettsii to replicate
      in these macrophages.

PMID- 971956
TI  - Antibodies to two immunotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis in individuals with
      trachoma.
AB  - In Tunisia (North Africa), trachoma remains a common eye disease. Most cases are
      caused by immunotype A of Chlamydia trachomatis. In a small proportion of cases
      (less than 10%), type-specific antibodies to both immunotype A and immunotype B
      exist in the serum of patients. These types do not crossreact, and occasionally
      sequential acquisition of antibodies has been demonstrated. Thus, individuals in
      one endemic area of trachoma may be infected with two immunotypes of C.
      trachomatis. The epidemiological and immunological implications of this new
      finding are briefly discussed.

PMID- 971957
TI  - Serum-free culture of hamster lymphoid cells and differential inhibition of
      lipopolysaccharide stimulation by isologous serum.
AB  - The optimal conditions for serum-free cultures of hamster lymphoid cells were
      determined. The cells responded to both the nonspecific thymus-derived lymphocyte
      mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) and the nonspecific bone marrow-derived lymphocyte
      mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate (DxS). Normal MHA hamster
      serum was shown to specifically inhibit the response to LPS and DxS by 95%
      without inhibiting the response to Con A. The serum also did not inhibit one-way
      mixed lymphocyte reaction. Incubation of cells in 5% serum for short periods of
      time, followed by serum-free culture, did not lead to inhibition. The serum
      inhibited the LPS response by 65% even when added 24 h after initiation of the
      culture. The activity was associated with the high-molecular-weight material on
      Sephadex G-200 fractionation of serum. The inhibitory fraction did not possess
      antibody activity to LPS. The possibility that the material is an alpha2
      macroglobulin is discussed.

PMID- 971958
TI  - Inherited resistance to Corynebacterium kutscheri in mice.
AB  - An analysis of the factors responsible for inherited resistance to
      Corynebacterium kutscheri was undertaken. Various inbred mouse strains were
      examined; these included the Swiss Lynch and C57Bl/l mice, their F1 and F2
      progeny, and the progeny of the F1 backcrossed to each parent strain. Two modes
      of inherited resistance are described. An examination suggested that resistance
      as measured by the mean lethal dose of C. kutscheri was under polygenic control
      and was inherited continuously. However, the efficiency with which C. kutscheri
      was eliminated by the mononuclear phagocyte cells of the liver over 3 days
      differed markedly among strains. A genetic analysis of this mononuclear phagocyte
      microbicidal efficiency (MPME) in Swiss Lynch and C57Bl/6 mice was undertaken.
      The trait, MPME, was present, but did not segregate, in the F1 progeny or in the
      progeny of the backcross to the resistant C57Bl/6 parent; this was clear evidence
      of dominance. Moreover, MPME segregated in a ratio of 1:1 in the progeny of the
      backcross to the sensitive Swiss Lynch parent and in a ratio of 3:1 in the F2
      progeny. It was concluded that MPME was inherited discontinuously and was
      controlled by a single dominant autosomal gene (or closely linked group); the
      recessive allele was assigned the gene symbol ack. Linkage experiments showed
      there to be no association between the ack locus and any of the immune-response
      genes.

PMID- 971959
TI  - Extracellular and bacterial factors influencing staphylococcal phagocytosis and
      killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Extracellular and bacterial factors that influence the phagocytosis and killing
      of staphylococci by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been studied.
      Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were, in general, more rapidly phagocytized
      than were S. aureus strains. However, two strains of S. epidermidis had a very
      slow rate of ingestion. Although the rate of phagocytosis of S. aureus Wood 46
      was greater than that of S. aureus 502A, the Wood 46 strain was more difficult to
      kill. Serum was essential for phagocytosis of both S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
      The opsonic titer of pooled serum was similar for S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
      In normal pooled serum, heat-labile factors were more important for effective
      phagocytosis than they were in immune serum. Although a saturation point for
      ingestion was reached, the percentage of ingested bacteria that remained alive
      within the leukocyte remained relatively fixed. Heat-killed and live
      staphylococci were igested in a similar fashion. The rate of phagocytosis was
      greatly reduced at 41 degrees C.

PMID- 971960
TI  - Induction of cellular and humoral immunological responsiveness to a soluble
      cercarial antigen preparation from Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - The development of immunological responsiveness to a soluble cercarial antigenic
      preparation (CAP) from Schistosoma mansoni was analyzed in inbred CBA/J mice
      infected with cercariae, one or multiple times, or sensitized using CAP. Repeated
      exposure to 75 cercariae at three weekly intervals (3X-75) or subcutaneous
      administration of 20 mug of CAP (CAP/complete Freund adjuvant [CFA]) stimulated
      the development of specific anti-CAP lymph node cell blastogenesis. The degree of
      responsiveness was dependent upon the concentration of CAP in the culture system
      and was optimal in the dose range of 20 to 30 mug of protein of CAP per culture.
      Animals exposed once to 75 or 225 cercariae or to two sequential weekly
      infections with 75 cercariae exhibited a minimal response to CAP in comparison to
      the responsiveness of 3X-75 or CAP/CFA lymph node cells. Assessment of anti-CAP
      agglutinating antibody by application of a microtiter passive hemagglutination
      technique revealed that both 3X-75 and CAP/CFA animals possessed low titers of
      activity. In addition, both 3X-75 and CAP/CFA sera contained reagin-like
      antibodies to CAP as detected by the heterologous (rat), 72-h latent period,
      passive cutaneous anaphylaxis technique.

PMID- 971961
TI  - Analysis of the intradermal response against a soluble cercarial antigenic
      preparation from Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Intradermal testing was performed with a soluble cercarial antigenic preparation
      (CAP) from Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in CBA/J mice multiply infected with S.
      mansoni or sensitized with CAP. Both an early (5-h) response and a late (24- to
      48-h) reaction to CAP, as measured by increase in dermal thickness, was elicited
      after injection of antigen into the ears of either multiply infected (3X-75) or
      CAP-sensitized (CAP/complete Freund adjuvant [CFA]) mice. Histopathological
      examination showed that the early response was primarily vascular in nature and
      involved a polymorphonuclear cell infiltrate in and around dilated capillaries.
      The late reaction to CAP consisted of a perivascular cellular infiltrate of
      polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell types. Passive transfer of 3X-75-infected
      or CAP/CFA-sensitized serum (0.4 ml) to normal mice conveyed the ability to mount
      an early (5-h) response to CAP which was marked histopathologically by a
      prominent polymorphonuclear cell infiltrate. The majority of the responsiveness
      in normal mice after administration of lymph node cells (40 X 10(6)) from
      multiply infected or CAP/CFA-sensitized mice was observed 24 to 48 h after
      injection of CAP and was mononuclear in nature.

PMID- 971962
TI  - Vibrio cholerae adherence and colonization in experimental cholera: electron
      microscopic studies.
AB  - Colonization of the intestinal epithelium by Vibrio cholerae was examined in two
      model systems, in ligated ileal loops of adult rabbits and in the patent gut of
      infant rabbits, using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Time
      studies in the adult model showed a lag period of up to 1 h before the attachment
      of significant numbers of the vibrios. The bacteria appeared initially in small
      patches on the sides of the villi, predominantly along the transverse furrows.
      The number of adherent bacteria steadily increased, reaching a maximum between 4
      and 7 h, when a dense mat of bacteria several layers thick covered much of the
      villi. After this time there was a rapid decline in the number of V. cholerae
      bound. By 12 to 16 h only a few bacteria could be seen on the surface of the
      villi, which had a rough, patchy appearance at these later times. Globular
      protrusions, with vibrios attached, may play a role in the clearance of bacteria.
      Colonization and clearance in the patent intestine of the infant rabbit occurred
      much as in the adult model. However, the bacteria adhered more uniformly and
      there was no lag in attachment. In both models the majority of bacteria were
      aligned horizontally with the epithelial surface, but some were attached in an
      end-on manner, with their flagella extending into the lumen. The bacteria adhered
      via their surface coats directly to the tips of the microvilli, except for a few
      vibrios that were partly embedded into the brush border. Some changes in the
      microvilli occurred as a consequence of the bacterial attachment.

PMID- 971963
TI  - In vivo and in vitro studies on possible pathogenic mechanisms of Actinomyces
      viscosus.
AB  - Actinomycotic infections are characterized by long-term inflammatory lesions
      containing large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and mononuclear
      cells. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in these lesions are not understood.
      Homogenates of Actinomyces viscosus (AVIS) induce an acute inflammatory response
      with a predominance of PMNs within 6 h after injection into the footpads of
      nonimmunized mice. These homogenates, when tested in vitro, contain potent
      chemotactic activity for human PMNs. In vitro chemotactic activity for human
      monocytes is weak but statistically significant (P less than 0.025). Doses of
      AVIS, which alone have little chemotactic activity, cause the generation of PMN
      chemotactic activity in fresh, but not complement-inactivated, serum. The
      injection of AVIS into the footpads of immunized mice induces an acute
      inflammatory response followed within 48 h by a mononuclear cell infiltrate,
      suggesting that factors affecting monocyte accumulation are generated by the
      immune host in response to challenge with the bacterial antigens. These findings
      indicate that the pathogenicity of the Actinomyces may result in part from (i)
      their direct chemotactic effect on PMNs, (ii) their cytotaxigenic effects on
      serum, and (iii) their ability to stimulate host immune cells to produce and
      release mediators of inflammation.

PMID- 971964
TI  - Lysis and killing of bacteria by lysosomal proteinases.
AB  - The bacteriolytic and bactericidal effects of the human proteinases cathepsin B,
      cathepsin D, cathepsin G, and elastase were investigated. Cathepsin G and
      elastase were 5 to 10% as active as egg white lysozyme in the lysis of
      Micrococcus lysodeikticus. All four enzymes slowly lysed the lysozyme-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus. The gram-negative Acinetobacter 199A was rendered
      sensitive to lysozyme by all of the proteinases. Only elastase caused marked
      proteolysis of the outer membrane, which would permit access by lysozyme to the
      underlying peptidoglycan. When the surface layer of regularly arranged a protein
      was removed, however, the outer membrane proteins became susceptible to the other
      proteinases. Cathepsin G, elastase, and cathepsin D were bactericidal to
      Acinetobacter 199A. The bactericidal activity of cathepsin D was shown to be
      dependent on enzymatic activity, unlike that of cathepsin G, which was related to
      its cationic nature.

PMID- 971965
TI  - Interferon production in mice by components of Salmonella minnesota R595 lipid A.
AB  - The lipid A precipitate obtained by partial hydrolysis in 1% acetic acid of the
      glycolipid of a mutant strain of Salmonella minnesota (rough strain R595) was
      separated into a number of components by thin-layer chromatography. When tested
      as bovine serum albumin complexes, the minimal interferon-inducing dose in mice
      of the parent glycolipid was 0.1 mug, whereas that of lipid A was 1.0 mug. The
      minimal dose of the separated components ranged from 0.1 to 20 mug. The
      components did not differ significantly in regard to glucosamine-phosphate-fatty
      acid ratios. The results further emphasize that lipid A is a heterogeneous
      substance that contains a variety of components of differing biological activity.

PMID- 971966
TI  - A comparative study of the economics of home care.
AB  - The costs of home care and treatment solely in hospital for patients in a variety
      of short-term diagnostic categories are compared. Five hundred and eighty-three
      patients included in an experimental home care program were randomly assigned
      either to a group which received home care as part of their treatment, or to a
      control group that remained in hospital the traditional length of time. It is
      argued that the only costs relevant in an economic comparison of the two modes of
      treatment are those attributable to the direct care of the patient. A technique
      is presented whereby changes in the daily amount of nursing service provided can
      be costed. The economic analysis shows that, when similar diagnoses are compared
      for an episode of illness, there is basically no difference in cost between home
      care and treatment in hospital.

PMID- 971967
TI  - The diffusion of new hospital technologies in the United States.
AB  - Increases in the real resources used in hospital care have been an important
      cause behind rising hospital costs in the United States. Many of these resources
      have taken the form of new hospital technologies, and this paper begins by
      reviewing the trends in adoption of new hospital technologies over the years 1950
      1974. The resource requirements, costs , and to the extent possible the patient
      benefits, of two of these technologies are then discussed in more detail:
      intensive care, a widespread facility with many variations, has been a major
      contributor to hospital costs; radiotherapy has been characterized by a
      succession of competing technologies. Regulatory efforts such as certificiate-of
      need reviews would be more effective if they viewed hospitals as flexible
      collections of such technologies-with the costs and patient benefits of each to
      be weighed separately-rather than primarily in terms of numbers of beds. A
      national center to collect information on the separate technological functions of
      hospitals and make it available to interested groups would make a useful
      contribution to hospital regulation.

PMID- 971968
TI  - The service economy and postindustrial society: a sociological critique.
AB  - The growth of the service sector in advanced capitalist societies is the
      empirical evidence in support of the ideological approach to our social systems
      as "postindustrial." By examining the content of so-called "service activities"
      and by relating the observed trends to the model of uneven development in the
      U.S., this article tries to explain the transformation of the social structure of
      the U.S. on the basis of the contradications inherent in the processes of
      accumulation of capital, class struggle, and state intervention.

PMID- 971969
TI  - Breast-feeding: the role of multinational corporations in Latin America.
AB  - The decline in birthrates in the developed countries of the world has forced
      multinational corporations engaged in the production of infant formula to seek
      out new markets in the developing countries, where burgeoning population rates
      potentially guarantee the long-term profitability of these corporations. This
      development, ostensibly benign and nutritionally advantageous to infants in
      developing countries, has serious public health consequences, due to the high
      relative cost of purchased formula and the paucity of hygienic facilities
      essential to the sterile preparation of bottle formula. This paper delineates in
      detail economic and contraceptive advantages of breast-feeding, and examines the
      role of health personnel and multinational advertising techniques which have
      catalyzed the decline in breast-feeding. In addition, the paper focuses on the
      question of cultural imperialism and current efforts to regulate the
      multinational firms through both United Nations groups and stock-holders' suits.
      Finally, some suggestions are made concerning ameliorative public policy
      approaches to the breast-feeding controversy.

PMID- 971970
TI  - Malpractice in the United Kingdom.
AB  - The end of the last century saw the development in the United Kingdom of medical
      protection and defense societies. Their history, objects, growth, and scope are
      outlined. Reference is made to leading cases of medical malpractice and to the
      relevant statutes. The relationship between the protection societies and the
      National Health Service authorities is dealt with and a comparison made of the
      relative situations in the United States and United Kingdom. Finally, recent
      trends are examined and views expressed about possible future developments in
      this field which will be the subject of recommendations by a Royal Commission on
      Civil Liability and Compensation for Personal Injury which is now sitting.

PMID- 971971
TI  - Nurses and trade unions in Britain.
AB  - The nature of the negotiating body for pay and conditions of nurses in Britain
      and some of the reasons for the body's past failure to negotiate a substantial
      pay increase for nurses are described in this article. A description is given of
      a series of events, including strike action by nurses during 1974, which led to a
      substantial pay raise. The pay award, however, represented only a partial success
      for the trade unions and the negotiating body. Methods of nurses' organization
      and the roles of their representative unions and professional body indicate some
      of the reasons for only a partial success. The lack of unity between the National
      Health Service trade unions and the reactionary role of the professional body
      were notable. However, many important political and organizational lessons were
      learned by nurses in this struggle. We are now facing savage cuts in National
      Health Service expenditure, leading to a reduction in the number of nurses
      employed. These lessons are clearly useful for the nurses and their organization
      with the labor movement in fighting these cuts in National Health Service
      expenditure.

PMID- 971972
TI  - Observations on potential contributions of health planning.
AB  - The passage of the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act in the
      United States in 1974 is used to set the context for a new assessment of health
      planning as a change agent. In reviewing the record of health planning the most
      striking conclusion is that even its friends have been unable to establish that
      it has had any quantifiable impact. The authors suggest, however, that
      comprehensive health planning may have stimulated the belief that changes in
      medical care organization are crucial to improving the health care system. The
      authors next consider the role of health planning inferred from three widely
      espoused "models" of the health care system: professional, central planning, and
      market. Although market advocates generally deemphasize health planning as
      contrasted to those supporting a centrally planned system, none of the models is
      sufficiently developed to indicate specific roles and functions fro health
      planning. Basing their argument on goals for health care reform generally
      espoused by students of medical care organization, the authors assert that health
      planning agenices will be most effective if they are organizationally linked to
      general-purpose governments, encourage the formation of Health Maintenance
      Organizations, consciously involve themselves in health system reorganization,
      and design their policies so they can be effectively evaluated.

PMID- 971973
TI  - Health planning: a comment.

PMID- 971974
TI  - Recent trends in planning as ideology: a critique of Anderson and Robins.

PMID- 971975
TI  - Rejoinder to professors Dunham, Marmor, and Krause: a further note by the
      authors.

PMID- 971976
TI  - Toward the formulation of sociodental indicators.
AB  - The bases for the construction of sociodental indicators is discussed in the
      paper, considering several available indexes of oral health status (dental
      caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, oral hygiene, and other oral
      conditions) as well as measures of quality of services. Very little research
      exists relating any of the above measures to social indicators such as personal
      life-style or cultural and ecological factors. Such expansion would enable dental
      indicators to be useful for purposes of policy decisions. Combining any dental
      indicators or set of indicators with a potential global social health index is
      discussed in terms of potential problems obscuring dentistry's cost to society.
      Dentistry, in addition, is offered as a system in microcosm-one which can be
      useful for purposes of polishing methodology for the social health indicator
      movement.

PMID- 971977
TI  - Recurrent aphthous ulceration.

PMID- 971978
TI  - Classification of acanthosis nigricans.

PMID- 971979
TI  - Urticaria secondary to a copper intrauterine device.
AB  - A 24-year-old woman developed in acute urticarial reaction secondary to a copper
      intrauterine contraceptive device. Allergy to copper was proven by scratch tests.
      The condition cleared with removal of the IUD.

PMID- 971980
TI  - Trichodiscoma.

PMID- 971981
TI  - Dermatology in developing countries.

PMID- 971982
TI  - Preoperative evaluation of the strabismus patient.
AB  - The preoperative evaluation of the strabismus patient may require one or several
      examination sessions. Since general anesthesia is most often employed, the
      patient's general health, hematological and neurological status, and concurrent
      medications should be evaluated. The age of onset and whether the deviation was
      intermittent in character for some part of its course are important clues to
      fusion potential. The examination should emphasize close observation of the eyes
      when they are stationary and during rotations; it should be conducted so as to
      encourage, rather than frustrate, binocular cooperation. This requires test
      selection that takes into account both variations in alignment (at different test
      distances) and amblyopia. Sensory evaluation can involve many tests, but
      specifically for surgical planning it can be brief and apply principal to
      justification of surgery for small-angle, nonsymptomatic deviations. The
      phenomenon of intractable diplopia is unusual and probably should not be
      considered a strong deterrent to surgical correction of a long-standing and
      cosmetically unpleasant misalignment.

PMID- 971983
TI  - Inferior oblique weakening procedures.

PMID- 971984
TI  - Surgical weakening of the inferior oblique.
AB  - 1. The inferior oblique may be weakened effectively by recession, disinsertion,
      or myectomy, disrupting the muscle continuity between Lockwood's ligament and the
      muscle's insertion. 2. A successful unilateral inferior oblique weakening
      produces 20 prism diopters less hypertropia or more hypotropia in the field of
      action and has less effect away from the muscle's field of action; a bilateral
      weakening of the inferior oblique produces 20 prism diopters less exotropia or
      more esotropia in upgaze. 3. Complications of inferior oblique weakening are
      persistent overaction, operation on the wrong muscle, and the adherence syndrome.
      4. The adherence syndrome is not related to the myectomy procedure specifically
      but is probably related to (or caused by) fat rupture with hemorrhage, which may
      accompany any type of inferior oblique weakening. 5. The adherence syndrome can
      be avoided by careful surgical technique.

PMID- 971985
TI  - Superior oblique palsy: diagnosis and classification.
AB  - A review of 130 cases of superior oblique palsy suggests that simple office
      procedures are sufficient to establish the diagnosis. Prism and cover test
      measurements with alternate eyes fixing in the nine diagnostic positions of gaze
      proved to be the greatest help in classifying these cases with regard to surgical
      planning.

PMID- 971986
TI  - Diagnosis and surgical options in superior oblique surgery.
AB  - The surgical treatment of superior oblique paresis is most gratifying to the
      patient and to the surgeon. Whereas the large range of vertical fusion may make
      it difficult to bring out the total deviation, this same fusion is the surgeon's
      best ally postoperatively. In addition, while there are multiple choice as to
      which muscle or muscles to operate upon, the great advantages of the tucking
      operation on the superior oblique are (1) it practically always straightens the
      head, (2) it greatly reduces the hyperdeviation, and (3) it has no effect on the
      width of the lid fissures.

PMID- 971987
TI  - Superior oblique tenotomy: indications and complications.
AB  - Two series of patients who had superior oblique tenotomies either alone or in
      combination with horizontal muscle surgery were evaluated, and the results and
      complications were analyzed. The effect of bilateral superior oblique tenotomies
      in downgaze correlated well with the previously reported series. In these two
      series, the effects in primary and upgaze also were evaluated. An average effect
      of 12 prism diopters eso-shift was found to occur in primary position, while no
      eso- or exo-shift was found in upgaze. Operative indications and contradictions,
      when followed carefully, make predictable the effectiveness of the operation in
      collapsing an A pattern. The reported unequal effects on superior oblique action
      were not observed in any of the patients studied. In no instance in these series
      was there a worsening of preexisting hypertropia or development of a new one.
      Transient sheathlike Brown's syndrome occurred postoperatively in some patients
      in the early series, but this problem was reduced by the instillation of steroid
      suspensions. V patterns developed postoperatively in 20 percent of the cases in
      the first series and in 9 percent in the second series. There was approximately a
      one-in-three chance that the inferior oblique muscle would become slightly to
      moderately overactive postoperatively. The incidence of this complication will be
      reduced significantly or eliminated by careful case selection to choose only
      those patients who have slightly underactive inferior oblique muscles
      preoperatively.

PMID- 971988
TI  - Surgical management of excyclotorison.

PMID- 971989
TI  - The role of the fascia in muscle surgery.
AB  - Mishandling of the fascial tissues during surgery on the extraocular muscles
      accounts for unsatisfactory alignment of the eye in the primary position;
      restricted movement of the globe; scarred, injected, heaped conjunctiva; and
      changes in the normal eyelid level. These hardships may be impossible to overcome
      by performing secondary surgery. The most serious and frequently recurring abuse
      of the fascia during muscle surgery is the needless penetration of the Tenon's
      capsule beyond 10 mm. from the limbus, which results in prolapse of the fat
      cushion into the spaces that are normally between the movable fascial planes and
      sclera. The prolapsed fat infiltrates into the sclera and muscle capsules and
      undergoes fibrofatty proliferation; with time, cicatrization of these scarred
      tissues pulls the eye to a deviated position, restricting its normal movement.
      Also, the fat cushion migrates forward under the conjunctiva toward the limbus,
      causing the unsightly appearance of injected yellowish fleshy tissue near the
      limbus. A patient's ocular motility can be ruined for life and his appearance
      deformed because of a surgeon's disrespect for the important role Tenon's capsule
      plays in the motility of the globe.

PMID- 971991
TI  - Nystagmus surgery.

PMID- 971990
TI  - Surgery of dissociated vertical divergent strabismus.
AB  - In those cases where definite bilateral inferior oblique overaciton coexists and
      predominates, the initial procedure should be a maximum weakening operation of
      both inferior oblique muscles. For the remainder, surgical treatment should be
      reserved for the unsightly predominantly unilateral cases who do not wish to wait
      for the possible beneficial effects of age. With surgery on the vertical rectus
      muscles, particularly the inferior rectus, improvement of the deviation by two
      thirds to three-quarters should be the aim of treatment.

PMID- 971992
TI  - Role of Tenon's capsule in postoperative restrictions.
AB  - Management of all restricted strabismus cases is difficult and frequently will
      require two or more procedures. The prevention of these restrictions at the time
      of primary surgery is far more important. All tissue should be handled as gently
      as possible, with smooth or fine-tip forceps, avoiding large fixation devices.
      Sharp dissection is essential - tissue should not be torn but cut carefully and
      sharply with scissors under direct visualization. The conjunctival and Tenon's
      capsule incisions should not be made directly over the muscle; this will result
      in scarring of the muscle to Tenon's capsule or of Tenon's capsule to the muscle
      insertion stump, promoting restriction. The muscle should be isolated under
      direct visualization or inspected carefully after isolation, with great care
      taken not to incorporate any unnecessary Tenon's capsule in the muscle and to
      avoid the inferior oblique msucle on lateral rectus muscle surgery. A blind, deep
      sweep is completely contraindicated. The intermuscular membranes, check
      ligaments, and muscle foot plates must be completely severed, under direct
      visualization, well beyond the resection site in the course of a resection,and 5
      to 8 mm. behind the insertion in the course of a recession. Complete hemostasis
      during the procedure and at its completion is essential; 2.5 percent
      phenylephrine and minimal cautery will help achieve this. Since cautery will
      result in a scar of Tenon's capsule to that area of the sclera, it should be used
      as little as possible. Phenylephrine 2.5 percent has been used safely with
      halothane anesthesia in many patients without significant arrhythmias. The
      secondary treatment of restriction is very difficult, whereas their prevention
      requires only good surgical technique and careful attention to detail.

PMID- 971993
TI  - Muscle transfer procedures.

PMID- 971994
TI  - Plastic implants.

PMID- 971996
TI  - Sutures and needles for strabismus surgery.

PMID- 971995
TI  - Special considerations and techniques in strabismus surgery.
AB  - Strabismus surgery continues to present a challenge to the ophthalmologist who
      evaluates results critically. Precise diagnoses and expert surgical judgment
      never will be supplanted by tools and techniques. Nevertheless, by remaining
      aware of newer surgical procedures and improved instrumentation, the strabismus
      surgeon will continue to increase the probability of achieving desirable surgical
      results.

PMID- 971997
TI  - Surgery for congenital esotropia.
AB  - The diagnosis of esotropia in an infant is not generally a difficult one for a
      skilled ophthalmologist to confirm. Uncovering all the subtleties of the disease
      presents the greater challenge and taxes the skills involved in examining
      infants. The numerous treatment regimens available leave the surgeon who does
      this operation only occasionally in doubt as to when it is best to operate and by
      what method. The safest guidelines for the ophthalmologist are (1) to be sure of
      his diagnosis and all of its ramifications and (2) to operate on these patients
      by the method he feels will best totally correct both the horizontal and vertical
      defects in one operation. It is also known, however, that not all of these
      infants will be corrected by this single procedure and that additional surgery,
      both early and delayed, will be necessary. Similarly, amblyopia and accommodative
      esotropias will need to be treated in a significant segment of these patients.
      The stability of the final result depends upon the success of the treatment in
      all parameters. The results obtained are far from ideal. Some patients achieve
      the optimum with good and equal acuity in each eye, straight eyes, peripheral
      fusion, fusional amplitudes, and reduced stereopsis. Other patients will have
      reduced visual acuity secondary to amblyopia; deficient or no binocular
      cooperation; and larger eso-angles or even consecutive exo-angles - both of which
      will require further surgery. Congenital esotropia is a fascinating entity that
      requires more research before its etiology and pathogenesis will finally be
      understood. Only then will therapy produce a satisfactory and lasting result.

PMID- 971998
TI  - Recession of the conjunctiva in esotropia surgery.

PMID- 971999
TI  - Selection of monocular or binocular strabismus surgery.

PMID- 972000
TI  - Smooth muscle regeneration in swine ureters: a light and electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - Intubated ureterotomies were performed on 16 juvenile pigs. The animals were
      killed at intervals of from 2 to 91 days after operation and tissue sections
      examined with light and electron microscopes. Ureteral wall replacement occurred
      within the 3 months after operation and included all tissue layers.
      Epithelialization of the wound surfaces occurred in the 1st week and was
      accompanied by a connective proliferation. Smooth muscle bridged the defect
      within 5 weeks and the margins of the muscularis were thickened and cellular in
      early stages; cells were elongated and extended towards the defect from the
      muscular remnant. Primitive smooth muscle cells were present at defect margins.
      This evidence indicates that smooth muscle was replaced by hyperplasia.

PMID- 972001
TI  - Repair of the injured renal papillary tissue in rats.
AB  - Renal papillary necrosis was produced in rats by administration of 2
      bromoethylamine hydrobromide. The rats drank either 0.9 per cent sodium chloride
      solution or distilled water, and structural restoration of renal papilla and
      effect on urine-concentrating ability were examined. All rats drinking distilled
      water had no evidence of structural restoration of the injured papilla and no
      significant improvement of urine-concentrating ability. When rats started
      drinking 0.9 per cent sodium chloride solution shortly after indution of the
      necrosis, enhanced cellular reconstitution of the necrosed papillary tissue and
      partial restoration of urine-concentrating ability occurred in a significant
      number of rats. The most successful structural reparation was the collecting
      tubules, followed by the thin loops of Henle and the capillaries. Repopulation of
      the interstitial cells was the least successful. In conclusion, repair of
      necrosed renal papilla was enhanced when rats drank 0.9 per cent sodium chloride
      solution starting shortly after injection of renal papilla-necrotizing dose of 2
      bromoethylamine hydrobromide.

PMID- 972002
TI  - The epitaxially induced crystal growth of calcium oxalate by crystalline uric
      acid.
AB  - Seed crystals of anhydrous uric acid were shown to epitaxially induce the crystal
      growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate from its metastable supersaturated
      solution. Scanning electron microscopic examination of crystalline material
      isolated from the kinetic experiments supports the chemical evidence that calcium
      oxalate had been nucleated by uric acid. In spite of close lattice similarities
      between some of the faces of the two phases, the induction period required for
      heterogeneous nucleation by the seed material was about half of that required for
      precipitation in the absence of potential nucleating agents. This has created
      some doubt as to whether crystalline uric acid has an influence on the formation
      of calcium oxalate lithiasis.

PMID- 972003
TI  - Comparative effects of anticalculus management in the rat.
AB  - Utilizing a low pyridoxine, ethylene glycol-fed rat model, various modes of
      anticalculus therapy were compared. Prophylactic papillary and parenchymal
      oxalate stone therapy is most effective with magnesium oxide. Hydrochlorothiazide
      is next in order as the therapy of choice in this group. A high calcium diet
      seems to negate the effect of magnesium oxide. Methylene blue, magnesium oxide,
      and even sodium phosphate, are not as effective as hydrochlorothiazide in the
      combined prevention and treatment of preformed parencymal calcium oxalate stones.
      No agent seems to have a profound effect on preformed apical papillary calculi.

PMID- 972004
TI  - Effect of tetracycline on calcium oxalate calculi: in vivo and in vitro studies.
AB  - Inadvertent use of tetracycline hydrochloride while producing calcium oxalate
      stones in the rat resulted in a reduction of papillary concretions by one-half.
      Parenchymal calcifications in the continuing long term, preformed stone group
      were reduced to levels comparable to that of other useful agents. In vitro
      studies corroborated these findings at physiologic urinary pH ranges. The
      rationale and comparisons to other anticalculus drugs are discussed.

PMID- 972005
TI  - The absorption metabolism, and excretion of Estracyt (NSC 89199) in patients with
      prostatic cancer.
AB  - Estraumustine phosphate (estradiol, 3-N-[bis(2-chloroethyl)-] carbamate-17beta
      dihydrogenphosphate (Estracyt) labeled with 3H in the estradiol moiety and 14C in
      the carbamate moiety was synthesized, and its absorption, metabolism, and
      excretion were studied after oral administration to three patients with prostatic
      carcinoma. One of the patients was also given the same dose by intravenous
      injection. In addition to monitoring isotope levels in peripheral blood, urine,
      and feces, samples of portal vein blood were obtained through a catheter in the
      umbilical vein. Analyses of portal blood samples revealed that most of the
      estramustine phosphate was dephosphorylated to estramustine during absorption.
      Estramustine was found to be the major metabolite in peripheral blood after oral
      as well as after intravenous administration. The urinary excretion data appeared
      to warrent the conclusion that most of the carbamate ester of estraumustine is
      hydrolyzed before it is excreted. In the patient given estramustine phosphate by
      both routes the absorption of the compound when given by mouth was found to be
      approximately 75 per cent.

PMID- 972006
TI  - Substrate metabolism in the isolated perfused dog kidney.
AB  - The relationships between substrate utilization and renal work were investigated
      in an isolated, perfused dog kidney preparation: substrate utilization included
      free-fatty acid (FFA), glucose, and oxygen, whereas work was assessed by
      measuring TNa+. The magnitude of TNa+ was varied by altering glomerular
      filtration rate as a consequence of changing renal blood flow. As the rate of
      renal blood flow was reduced, both Qo2, and QFFA decreased while Qglucose
      increased. The reduction in QFFA and Qo2 paralleled the decrease in TNa+. An
      inverse relationship was noted between QFFA and Qglucose in all experiments. The
      results suggest that FFA and perhaps glucose may serve as a significant substrate
      for providing energy for TNA+ in the kidney. Further, since QFFA and Qglucose are
      inversely related to each other, glucose may substitute for FFA as an energy
      source at times when QFFA is reduced.

PMID- 972007
TI  - An experimental study of the calcification and absorption of polyglycolic acid
      and catgut sutures within the urinary tract.
AB  - This experimental study has shown that there is no difference in calcification on
      catgut and polyglycolic acid suture loops within the sterile and infected rat
      bladder. The presence of an experimentally induced infection reduces the time
      both catgut and polyglycolic acid sutures remain attached to the bladder wall.
      Polyglycolic acid sutures can nevertheless be recommended for routine use in the
      urinary tract whenever an absorbable suture is required in view of its greater
      strength, reliability and remarkable lack of inflammatory tissue reaction.

PMID- 972008
TI  - Role of neurogenic factors in canine urethral wall tension and urinary
      continence.
AB  - A plastic disc, secured submucosally, was inserted in the canine bladder to
      permit filling of the bladder neck region while bypassing the accommodating
      ability of the detrusor. The bladder neck region was distended with radiopaque
      solution and the onset of flow in the urethra and the width of the urethra at
      steady state flow conditions were monitored by fluoroscopy. Perfusion pressure
      was also recorded. Bilateral section of the hypogastric nerves produced a
      substantial reduction in the time to initial flow and an increase in the width of
      the urethra with a decrease in pressure at steady state flow. Bilateral section
      of the pelvic nerves or administration of atropine reduced urethral wall tension
      at steady state flow but did not significantly influence the onset of initial
      flow. Gallamine treatment had no significant effect either on wall tension or on
      the onset of initial flow. It was estimated that the sympathetic nervous system
      contributed about 30 per cent to the urethral wall tension at steady state flow
      conditions whereas the parasympathetic nervous system contributed about 10 per
      cent. The remaining 60 per cent was attributed to the elastic properties of the
      urethra. In the maintenance of urinary continence, the sympathetic nervous system
      was estimated to contribute almost 60 per cent based on our experimental system.
      No other neurogenic influence was found to contribute significantly. Elastic and
      mechanical (anatomic) factors were probably responsible for the remaining 40 per
      cent. It was concluded that the sympathetic nervous system has a significant role
      in the maintenance of urinary continence.

PMID- 972009
TI  - Comparison of rapid versus slow decompression of the distended urinary bladder.
AB  - Experiments are described showing that urinary retention with its associated
      increased intravesical pressure and overstretching of the bladder wall can lead
      to loss of capillary and tissue integrity. Our findings indicate that the
      severity of damage to the bladder wall prior to catheterization determines the
      degree of hemorrhage after bladder decompression and not the rate of emptying.

PMID- 972010
TI  - Total replacement of part of the canine urethra with lyophilized vein homografts.
AB  - Three centimeters of the urethra were replaced by lyophilized homograft veins in
      nine male dogs. The dogs were followed for up to 6 months with periodic
      urethrograms. The grafted lyophilized veins served as a guide for the ingrowing
      transitional cell epithelium. The graft caused very little tissue reaction and
      hardly any formation of fibrous tissue. The urethra was covered by transitional
      cell epithelium after 4 to 8 weeks, and eight of the nine dogs showed no signs of
      obstruction during the follow-up period.

PMID- 972011
TI  - Incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 14C-amino acids into the ventral prostate after
      in vivo treatment with estradiol-3N-BIS(2-chloroethyl)carbamate-17 beta-phosphate
      (Estracyt) and its estrogen and cytostatic parts.
AB  - The in vivo effect of Estracyt (a nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol-17 beta
      phosphate) on testosterone-stimulated incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 14C-amino
      acids into the ventral prostate of castrated rats has been investigated. A dose
      of 100 mg of Estracyt per kg of body weight injected intravenously daily for 3
      days significantly reduced isotope incorporation. Equivalent amounts of the two
      main components of Estracyt, the nitrogen mustard and estradiol-17 beta
      phosphate, were not able to mimic this Estracyt effect. Possible implications of
      this difference and the intracellular mechanism of action of Estracyt are
      discussed.

PMID- 972012
TI  - The influence of hyperbaric oxygenation on rat testes.
AB  - Using Wistar stain male rats, it has been shown that 2 atmospheric pressures
      associated with oxygen saturation, together or singly for 90 minutes daily for
      successive 46 days, resulted in no significant change on the ratio of testes to
      body weight. No significant change was observed in the incorporation of 3H
      thymidine into testes and pituitary glands between the pressure-treated groups
      and the control group.

PMID- 972013
TI  - Osteoporosis and fractures of the neck of the femur: some epidemiologic
      considerations.
AB  - The prevalence of osteoporosis in Jerusalem during the years 1967-71 was studied
      in a general population sample and in patients with fractures of the neck of the
      femur. Osteoporosis was determined by qualitative examination of lateral X-ray
      films of the lumbar spine. The prevalence of definite osteoporosis in a random
      population sample was 8.6%, and was higher in females (14.5%) than in males
      (2.9%). The prevalence of definite osteoporosis among 389 patients with fractures
      of the neck of the femur was 32.2%--37.8% in females and 17.4% in males. The
      results of this survey support the conclusion that osteoporosis plays an
      important role in the pathogenesis of fractures of the neck of the femur.

PMID- 972014
TI  - Menopausal bone loss and estrogen replacement.
AB  - Throughout adult life the bone mineral mass of the radius is greater in males
      than in females. In males, it decreases after 60 years of age, while in females,
      it decreases earlier, at approximately 50 years, and the loss is greater. At the
      average age of 67 years, one half of the normal white female population has less
      than the normal amount of bone in the radius. Premenopausal women over the age of
      50 do not show any decline of bone mineral mass, while in postmenopausal women,
      regardless of age, there is a loss of bone mass related to the number of years
      after menopause. Castrated women have significantly less bone mass than
      premenopausal women of the same average age. No decrease in cortical thickness of
      the radius was found in oophorectomized women treated with estrogens after
      castration. In a long-term, follow-up study, untreated postmenopausal women
      (after a natural or an artifical menopause) showed a significant loss of bone
      mass, while estrogen-treated, postmenopausal women showed no such loss. Estrogen
      treatment thus appears to prevent postmenopausal bone loss.

PMID- 972015
TI  - Prevention of bone loss following oophorectomy in premenopausal women: a
      retrospective assessment of the effects of oophorectomy and a prospective
      controlled trial of the effects of mestranol therapy.
AB  - Prospective studies of bone mass in women following oophorectomy for benign
      conditions were done by the double-blind technique. Skeletal response to
      treatment was measured by photon absorption densitometry. Untreated patients were
      found to lose bone mass rapidly during the first two years after oophorectomy.
      When estrogen replacement was started within two months of oophorectomy, it was
      found to be effective in preventing subsequent bone tissue loss. Three years
      following oophorectomy, untreated women who had already lost bone tissue, and who
      were then started on estrogen replacement, showed a highly significant increase
      in their bone mass. The women in whom this treatment was delayed for six years
      did not respond. No untoward effects were noted in these women, perhaps, in part,
      because they had undergone hysterectomy. Long-term effects of this treatment are
      now being evaluated.

PMID- 972016
TI  - Role of hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - In 47 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, pretreatment studies by
      microradiography, radioimmunoassay and other methods showed increased bone
      resorption, normal bone formation, and decreased serum immunoreactive parathyroid
      hormone (PTH). In patients treated with a physiologic replacement dose of
      estrogen, bone resorption decreased to normal and PTH increased after short-term
      therapy; bone formation decreased to very low levels after long-term therapy.
      These data indicate that, in most patients, both an intrinsic abnormality of bone
      cell function and a disruption of the normal regulation of bone turnover by PTH
      and sex hormones, as a result of the menopause, are important in the pathogenesis
      of osteoporosis.

PMID- 972017
TI  - Relation to osteoporosis of age- and hormone-induced changes in the metabolism of
      collagen and bone.
AB  - Experimental evidence is presented which suggests that age-induced changes in the
      collagenous matrix, the main constituent of the organic portion of bones, are at
      least partially responsible for age-induced physiological osteoporotic changes in
      the skeleton. In particular, there seems to be a labile fraction of recently
      synthesized collagen in bones, which loses its metabolic activity rapidly with
      advancing age. Experimental and clinical hormonal disorders and disturbances in
      calcium metabolism also cause changes in skeletal metabolism; these changes seem
      to be largely mediated through changes in the collagenous matrix. In experimental
      hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism, the rate of degradation of the
      collagenous matrix appears to act as a moderator or "final messenger" in hormone
      induced bone resorption. In conditions with altered calcium metabolism, such as
      malabsorption associated with hypocalcemia, altered bone metabolism may be due to
      osteomalacia or hypocalcemia-induced hyperparathyroidism. An increase in the rate
      of bone destruction in relation to the rate of bone formation is probably also
      the cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis. At present there is no optimal form of
      hormonal treatment for age-induced or post menopausal osteoporosis. Estrogen
      replacement therapy may be the best available treatment for postmenopausal
      osteoporosis, but slowing down the already low rate of bone catabolism in elderly
      subjects by estrogen or other therapeutic means requires long periods of
      treatment before pronounced increases in the total mass of bones take place and
      prophylactic administration of estrogen may produce better results.

PMID- 972018
TI  - Effect of conventional and newer forms of treatment on calcium absorption in
      osteoporosis.
AB  - Studies carried out in this Research Unit and by others have shown that patients
      with osteoporosis absorb less calcium from a high calcium intake than do patients
      without osteoporosis. To determine whether various treatment modalities would
      increase the intestinal absorption of calcium, the effects of conventional and
      new methods were investigated. Tracer doses of 47Ca were given orally to
      determine the absorption of calcium. Calcium balances were also determined.
      Estrogen decreased urinary calcium and testosterone increased the nitrogen
      balance. Vitamin D and strontium increased the urinary calcium but did not
      increase calcium absorption. Of the newer compounds, fluoride did not affect
      calcium absorption but decreased urinary calcium. Phosphate had a similar effect.
      Infusions containing up to 15 mg calcium/kg, given for 6 or 10 days, increased
      the retention of calcium but did not increase its absorption.

PMID- 972019
TI  - Rehabilitation in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - Rehabilitation and nursing care of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis
      require a comprehensive team effort. The primary purpose of rehabilitation is to
      restore these elderly women to an optimal level of well-being and activity and
      return them to home and community life as soon as possible. Medical management,
      rehabilitative nursing and physical therapy are interdependent. Emphasis is
      placed on estrogen replacement to prevent further fractures and height loss,
      individualization of care, early ambulation, improving patient confidence,
      physiotherapy procedures, orthopedic supports, optimal nutrition, safety
      precautions, work simplification, occupational therapy and the need for
      appropriate social contacts. The economic, physical and emotional consequences of
      deforming postmenopausal osteoporosis are enormous. Current research indicates
      that this disease is preventible. An effective program of prophylaxis is needed
      now; otherwise many more women will need increasing amounts of costly
      rehabilitation.

PMID- 972020
TI  - Unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue of Israeli Jews.
AB  - The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the adipose tissue of
      Israelis was found to be 0.88 for Ashkenazic Jews and 1.13 for non-Ashkenazic
      Jews, the highest reported for any population on a free-choice diet. Despite the
      unusually high ratios, indicating a high consumption of polyunsaturated fat,
      there is nevertheless, a relatively high incidence of ischemic heart disease
      among Israelis.

PMID- 972021
TI  - Morphological and cytochemical investigation of human mesothelial cells from
      pleural and peritoneal effusions: a light and electron microscopy study.
AB  - We investigated the morphological and cytochemical properties of mesothelial
      cells obtained from pleural and peritoneal effusions of patients with various
      diseases. The morphological features were studied by light and electron
      microscopy and by cytochemical methods. The different kinds of contact between
      mesothelial cells and their interaction with lymphocytes were observed and the
      transition of mesothelial cells to macrophages and/or fibroblasts was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 972022
TI  - Apparent total alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: report of a case.
AB  - A 29-year-old female, with chronic renal failure and chronic bilateral emphysema,
      was admitted with severe uremia and septicemia secondary to multiple abscesses in
      the right kidney. Her condition improved after right nephrectomy. Pulmonary
      function studies showed marked obstructive and restrictive lung disease
      consistent witht the diagnosis of primary emphysema. On biochemical and
      histological examination, the liver was found to be normal. Alpha1-antitrypsin
      could not be demonstrated in the patient's serum at normal pH by any of the known
      techniques, but protein molecules with alpha1-antitrypsin antigencity were found
      at pH 4.8; this suggests a pH-dependent structural difference in alpha1
      antitrypsin protein. Starch gel electrophoresis gave a multibanding pattern not
      previously described. A new form of apparent total alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
      is postulated.

PMID- 972023
TI  - Lord's procedure for treatment of hemorrhoids at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching
      Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria.

PMID- 972024
TI  - A case report of transfusion-induced malaria.

PMID- 972025
TI  - Experimental production of congenitally prolonged Q-T interval in neonatal mice.

PMID- 972026
TI  - The unwanted child: caring for the fetus born alive after an abortion.

PMID- 972027
TI  - Law and life sciences. Abortion and the Supreme Court: round two.

PMID- 972028
TI  - Sociobiology: the debate continues.

PMID- 972030
TI  - Moral concerns and appeals to rights and duties. Grounding claims in a theory of
      justice.

PMID- 972029
TI  - The politics of therapeutic nihilism. The new critics of medical care.

PMID- 972031
TI  - Death, who is thy 'cause'.

PMID- 972032
TI  - 'Voluntary' castration.

PMID- 972033
TI  - Sterilizing the poor and incompetent. Who needs protection--and from whom?

PMID- 972034
TI  - On the professions.

PMID- 972035
TI  - Fluoridation.

PMID- 972036
TI  - Medicine taking in Glasgow.

PMID- 972037
TI  - Scottish hospital morbidity data. 1. Errors in diagnostic returns.

PMID- 972038
TI  - Scottish hospital morbidity data. 2. An attempt to improve the standard of
      diagnostic entries and records in a medical unit.

PMID- 972040
TI  - A brief survey of the care of patients with ophthalmological conditions.

PMID- 972039
TI  - Scottish hospital morbidity data. 3. Some suggestions for improvement of the
      accuracy.

PMID- 972041
TI  - Doses to the cauda equina due to thorotrast myelography.

PMID- 972042
TI  - Proton-tissue dose buildup factors.

PMID- 972043
TI  - Respiratory exposure in buildings due to radon progeny.

PMID- 972044
TI  - Plume depletion following postulated atmospheric plutonium dioxide releases.

PMID- 972045
TI  - Microdosimetry in tissue equivalent fluid irradiated by D-T neutrons.

PMID- 972046
TI  - Air exchange and 222Rn concentrations in the Carlsbad Caverns.

PMID- 972047
TI  - Strontium-90 in human bone in Norway 1974.

PMID- 972048
TI  - Problems involved in detecting increased malignancy rates in areas of high
      natural radiation background.

PMID- 972049
TI  - Electron attenuation characteristics of LiF.

PMID- 972050
TI  - An experimental study of the spectral dependence of an albedo-type neutron
      dosimeter.

PMID- 972051
TI  - Thermal and optical bleaching of radiation effects in silver activated
      metaphosphate glass-its use in U.V. dosimetry.

PMID- 972052
TI  - Environmental effects on TLD 100.

PMID- 972053
TI  - Radiation incidents with a cobalt-60 teletherapy unit.

PMID- 972054
TI  - On the influence of Ca-DTPA on the Zn-and Mn-concentrations in various organs of
      the rat.

PMID- 972055
TI  - Experimental validation of a simplified method for determining cumulated activity
      of radionuclides in vivo, based on a single measurement.

PMID- 972056
TI  - Tritium survey of pool-type research reactors.

PMID- 972057
TI  - Evaluation of the fast neutron dose equivalent using the thermal neutron response
      of LiF TL material.

PMID- 972058
TI  - The effect of particle size on the escape of recoiling RaB atoms from particulate
      surfaces.

PMID- 972059
TI  - 60Co in air.

PMID- 972060
TI  - Al2O3 phosphor for thermoluminescence dosimetry.

PMID- 972061
TI  - Decontaminating gloved boxes.

PMID- 972062
TI  - U.V. dosimetry by intrinsic TL of CaF2:Dy.

PMID- 972064
TI  - The energy response of personal dosimeters.

PMID- 972063
TI  - Retention of 241Am and 239Pu in the rat as influenced by triton WR 1339.

PMID- 972065
TI  - Pu studies in beagles: applicability to environmental 239Pu problems.

PMID- 972066
TI  - Decay products of 222Rn in the living environment.

PMID- 972067
TI  - Evaluation and control of hazards in laser light shows.

PMID- 972068
TI  - Energy absorption patterns in circular triple-layered tissue cylinders exposed to
      plane wave sources.

PMID- 972069
TI  - Tetrazolium salts: a consumer's guide.
AB  - The purities of seven tetrazolium salts, obtained from various commercial
      sources, have been assessed by thin layer chromatography, relative extinction
      coefficients, and melting points. MTT and INT were largely homogeneous on thin
      layer chromatography, although significant variations occurred in the melting
      point behaviour. All the samples of TT examined were contaminated to a small
      extent with non-tetrazolium u.v.-absorbing material. TNBT and NBT were
      contaminated with small amounts of mono-tetrazolium salts, although one sample of
      each was heavily contaminated with another di-tetrazolium compound. Four samples
      of TNBT contained high melting point contaminants. BT was also contaminated with
      mono-tetrazolium salts, and some samples also contained di-tetrazolium salt
      contaminants. NT was the most heavily contaminated of all, most samples
      containing no less than five separate tetrazolium compounds. Prices varied
      widely, and in general were not related to purity. Some catalogue entries were
      very easy to find; others were more difficult. Few specifications were given; of
      these, most were arbitrary (for example, pure, grade I, and ... probably the
      finest INT offered anywhere.

PMID- 972070
TI  - The composition of Erythrosins, Fluorescein, Phloxine and Rose Bengal: a study
      using thin-layer chromatography and solvent extraction.
AB  - Commercial samples of Erythrosin B (CI 45430), Erythrosin Y (CI 45425),
      Fluorescein (CI 45350), Phloxine (CI 45410) and Rose Bengal (CI 45440) have been
      analysed by thin-layer chromatography. The Erythrosins were found to be mixtures
      consisting in the main of 4'-iodofluorescein, 4', 5'-di-iodofluorescein, 2', 4',
      5'-tri-iodofluorescein and 2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein, in some instances
      together with 2',4',5'-tri-iodo-4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein and 2',4',5',7'
      tetraiodo- 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein. Samples of Fluorescein were mixtures
      of the nominal dye usually with traces of several unidentified, fluorescent
      components. Those of Phloxine consisted mainly of mixtures of 4'-bromo-4,5,6,7
      tetrachlorofluorescein, 4',5'-dibromo-4,5,6,7'-tetrachlorofluorescein, 2',4',5'
      tribromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein and 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7
      tetrachlorofluorescein, often with 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein. Samples of
      Rose Bengal were mixtures of 4'-iodo-4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein,4',5'-di-iodo
      4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein, 2',4',5'-tri-iodo-4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein
      and 2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein together with some
      unidentified components. Most of the commercial dye samples gave an insoluble
      residue when extracted with methanol. This residue was usually inorganic
      carbonate or halide. Some possible practical consequences of the various
      impurities are discussed.

PMID- 972071
TI  - The quantification of formazans in tissue sections by microdensitometry. II. The
      use of BPST, a new tetrazolium salt.
AB  - This article describes the use of a microdensitometer for the measurement of BPST
      formazan in tissue sections. BPST is a new tetrazolium salt, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)
      3-(4-phthalhydrazidyl)-5-styryl-tetrazolium chloride, which produces a single,
      well-defined formazan, and is thus easily quantified. The formazan gives an
      excellent localization, since BPST was originally designed for ultrastructural
      work. Activities are expressed in absolute units as n moles hydrogen/mm3, and are
      thus directly comparable with standard biochemical data.

PMID- 972072
TI  - The quantification of ormazans in tissue sections by microdensitometry. III. The
      effect of objective power and scanning spot size.
AB  - In this article, it is reported that the formazans derived from neotetrazolium
      chloride (NT) and 2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(4-phthalhydrazidyl)-5-styryl
      tetrazolium chloride (BPST) can be measured by microdensitometry of tissue
      sections with a wide range of scanning spot sizes, without any significant effect
      on the recorded extinctions. The spot sizes tested ranged from 0.20 to 16 mum.
      Thus when large fields have to be measured, it is possible to use low-power
      objectives and still obtain valid results.

PMID- 972073
TI  - Acid phosphatase and peroxidase in "resting" acinar cells of the major salivary
      glands of cats and their possible movement into secretory granules.
AB  - After fixation of perarterial perfusion using an aldehyde mixture, salivary
      tissues were prepared for ultrastructural cytochemistry of acid phosphatase or
      peroxidase. Great variations in the distributions of the reaction product
      occurred, often within the same cell. Acid phosphatase staining occurred not only
      in lysosomes and sometimes in a GERL system, but a diffuse cytoplasmic component
      was also found in submandibular central acinar cells and to a lesser extent in
      parotid acini and variable staining occurred in the secretory granules of these
      cells. Peroxidase was variably associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum in
      submandibular demilunar cells, parotid acini, and more strongly in some
      sublingual cells. The secretory granules of the latter were darkly stained, but
      in parotid granules there was variable staining and least staining occurred in
      the granules of submandibular demilunes. These results are thought to indicate
      that not all enzymes present in secretory granules have reached there by an
      elective secretory process. Sometimes they appear to have entered the granules
      haphazardly, possibly having been enzymes associated with intracellular cisternal
      channels for transport or metabolism of other secretory substances and ultimately
      to have passed into the cisternal channels by chance or as part of a natural
      removal of redundant material.

PMID- 972074
TI  - Uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase in the intervertebral disc.
AB  - Intervertebral discs of an old sheep and a young pig were examined for the
      presence of cells containing the enzyme uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase.
      In the sheep, the inner anulus had a higher proportion of active cells than the
      outer anulus; in the pig, there was no difference. From a consideration of cell
      numbers, it is suggested that there is an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in
      the centre of the disc rather than an increased production rate. Notochordal
      cells in the pig disc contain uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase and are
      capable of producing glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 972075
TI  - [Electro-cochleographic findings in posterior fossa tumours (author's transl)].
AB  - The different audiometric and electrocochleographic findings in two patients with
      acoustic neuromas are presented. Significantly different thresholds from the two
      methods of testing are explained on the basis of the ganglion cells, peripheral
      axons and hair cells remaining unaffected for some time whilst the central axons
      are damaged by tumour pressure. Differences of recruitment measured
      conventionally by ABLB audiometry or by electrocochleography are explained on a
      neurogenic basis. In cases of acoustic nerve fibre damage, single fibre tuning is
      altered to a raised threshold and a reduced frequency specificity.

PMID- 972076
TI  - [How important are lower tunnels in the cottle septoplasty? (author's transl)].
AB  - The Cottle method is the best for correction of anterior nasal septal
      deformities. Establishment of the lower tunnel however seems unadvisable because
      of the common damage to the nasopalatine nerve passing through the incisive
      foramen with occasional permanent sequelae. The procedure also is time-consuming.
      As a rule spurs or deviations can be dealt with after establishing upper tunnels
      without perforation of the mucoperichondrial or mucoperiosteal flaps. The method
      is described in details.

PMID- 972077
TI  - [Animal experiments on the influence of sarbitol on the damaged internal ear
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of sorbitol was studied by recording the microphonic potentials
      (MP) of 10 guinea-pigs whose internal ears had been noise-damaged immediately
      before. Neither the rise of MP 10 sec after the start of noise exposure nor the
      total rise of MP showed any changes after the intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml
      of a 40% sorbitol solution.

PMID- 972078
TI  - [Radiogenic sarcoma of the thyroid (author's transl)].
AB  - A sarcoma in the region of the thyroid, observed 30 years after radiotherapy in a
      patient with syringomyelia is presented. Even after low dose radiation in
      childhood and adolescence tumours of the thyroid frequently can be diagnosed.
      They rarely occur in adults, because apparently of a long latent period. This
      case is thought not to be a specific thyroid tumour.

PMID- 972079
TI  - [Applied phoniatry. I. Retarded language and speech development (author's
      transl)].
AB  - To better understand the assessment of difficulties in verbal communication it is
      considered to explain language and speech development in relation to motor
      function. The aetiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of language disorders
      and their common characteristics are discussed. The otolaryngologist must expect
      an increase in the number of such cases and should initiate prompt and adequate
      treatment.

PMID- 972080
TI  - [Panel discussion: problems of the specialist's duty to inform the patient
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The obligation of the physician to inform the patient--which he has to prove in
      case of a suit--is based on the patient's right of self-determination. This self
      decision information was subject of the panel discussion. Not discussed in detail
      were the information concerning diagnosis and prognosis, and the instruction of
      the patient regarding his conduct postoperatively and during medical treatment.
      Not considered was the so-called malpractice and negligence respectively. Medical
      liability suits are increasing for various reasons and are frequently directed at
      a failure to inform the patient becuase the patient is often unable to prove a
      negligence of the physician ("surrogate liability"). The dimension of the duty of
      disclosure (complete information--no information at all) is discussed in general
      and with special regard to the Ear-Nose- and Throat field. Special questions are
      answered regarding otoplasty, middle ear surgery, transplantations, extension of
      laryngeal surgery without prior informed consent, paranasal sinus and rhino-basis
      operations as well as surgery in minors and foreigners. In cases of non-vital
      indication and particularly in plastic-cosmetic procedures and outsider methods
      the requirements for informed consent are particularly important. The so-called
      rate of complications has perhaps a relative, but never an absolute meaning, and
      even this only in connection with the other circumstances of an individual case.
      The evidence of an adequate informed consent which must be included in a
      physician--patient-dialogue is most convincing by means of a written consent and
      the additional signature of a witness, perhaps also of the patient. The value,
      the problems and even the risks of an information based only on forms or
      brochures is discussed in detail. The panel discussion from the four points of
      view of the organizers should be no means confuse the otorhinolaryngologist. It
      should inform him about the medicolegal aspects of his activity and protect him
      from avoidable burdens.

PMID- 972081
TI  - [Transtympanic neurectomy of the vestibular and cochlear nerves (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Tympanotomy and a transvestibular approach to the fundus of the internal auditory
      meatus is described. The surgical technique is modified from that proposed by
      Alvarez de Cozar and Antoli-Candela in 1970. The surgical anatomy of the
      operative sites is detailed. The surgical procedure is found indicated in
      patients in whom preservation of hearing is not considered and vestibular
      neurectomy required. The described technique provides a simple but efficient and
      safe alternative to the translabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory
      meatus for division of the vestibular and cochlear nerves.

PMID- 972082
TI  - [The lombard reflex as a test of vocal function (author's transl)].
AB  - Any impairment of audio-phonatory control by background noise is followed by an
      increase in both the intensity and pitch of the speaking voice (Lombard reflex,
      1911), thus increasing vocal strain. As a consequence, it might be anticipated
      that persons reacting to noise with marked changes in voice might be more liable
      to develop dysphonia. 22 singers, 34 normal controls, and 22 patients with
      hyperfunctional dysphonia where studied. In all patients, both ears were
      gradually masked with white noise. The change of the mean intensity level and of
      the mean pitch level of the speaking voice were then measured objectively with a
      special fundamental frequency analyzer (Fedders and Schultz-Coulon, 1975).
      Results show that the increase of intensity is comparable in all subjects,
      whereas the elevation of the mean pitch level differs significantly: trained
      voices (singers) react with the least pitch increment whereas dysphonic patients
      react with the most. The following conclusions were made from the present
      investigation: 1. Extreme increments in pitch level can be considered to be a
      more significant etiological factor of dysphonia than intensity increments; 2.
      Vocal therapy and voice training may have a favorable effect on the Lombard
      reflex (probably by improvement of the kinesthetic control mechanism) so that the
      speaking voice in a noisy environment is raised less with less vocal strain. The
      study also indicates that measurement of pitch changes during binaural masking
      can provide important information for the diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of
      dysphonia.

PMID- 972083
TI  - [The clinical olfactogram (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical olfactometry is described in which patients are exposed to supraliminal
      stimuli of well-known types of odors. The results are then placed on a graded
      recognition scale as a polar coordinate system. Each clinical odor tested
      produces a typical recognition pattern which can easily be interpreted. Typical
      patterns for different conditions involving olfaction exist, and include euosmia,
      sensory anosmia, and respiratory anosmia. A simplified U-tube rhinomanometer can
      also be used, and data graphed on the same chart as for olfactometry. The
      procedure as described has been successfully tested on several hundred patients
      and controls.

PMID- 972084
TI  - Lymphopenia and metastatic breast cancer patients with and without radiation
      therapy.

PMID- 972085
TI  - Recurrence patterns in the non-seminomatous germinal testicular tumors.

PMID- 972086
TI  - Radiation response of artificial pulmonary metastases of the EMT6 tumor.

PMID- 972087
TI  - Enhanced tumor cell radiosensitivity in artificial pulmonary metastases of the
      Lewis lung carcinoma.

PMID- 972088
TI  - Effect of radiation in utero on mouse testes lactate dehydrogenase-X.

PMID- 972089
TI  - Methylation of DNA in HeLa cells after ultraviolet irradiation.

PMID- 972091
TI  - Continuing education and recertification-a critical link.

PMID- 972090
TI  - Neutropenia and infection following cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 972092
TI  - The current status of recertification and relicensure.

PMID- 972093
TI  - A semi-automatic cutter for compensating filters.

PMID- 972094
TI  - Device to position and shield the testical during irradiation.

PMID- 972096
TI  - Cure has its tomorrows.

PMID- 972095
TI  - The bogey of the immuno-suppressive action of local radiotherapy.

PMID- 972097
TI  - The ultra sound in ultrasound.

PMID- 972098
TI  - Toxicity and possible synergistic effects of ultrasound.

PMID- 972099
TI  - Background of and mechanisms for re-certification in therapeutic radiology.

PMID- 972100
TI  - You have come a long way ....! ASTR 1975 presidential address.

PMID- 972101
TI  - Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with emphasis on total body
      irradiation.

PMID- 972102
TI  - Ewing's sarcoma: adjuvant total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide and
      vincristine.

PMID- 972103
TI  - Mediastinal Hodgkin's disease: a possible danger for intubation anesthesia.
      Intubation danger in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 972104
TI  - Studies of the processes occurring between two fractions in experimental mouse
      tumors.

PMID- 972105
TI  - Time-dose relationships for the cure of an experimental rat tumor with
      fractionated radiation.

PMID- 972106
TI  - Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes: DNA sedimentation behavior.

PMID- 972107
TI  - Effect of acute and fractionated partial body x-irradiation on circulating
      immunoglobulin levels in mice.

PMID- 972108
TI  - The effect of sublethal x-irradiation on erythropoiesis in the mouse.

PMID- 972109
TI  - The response of human skin to irradiation with x-rays or fast neutrons.

PMID- 972110
TI  - Intralymphatic infusion of autochthonous tumor cells in canine lymphoma.

PMID- 972111
TI  - Pain and its relief.

PMID- 972113
TI  - Nutritional changes in patients with cancer.

PMID- 972112
TI  - Psychological reactions to recurrences, metastases or disseminated cancer.

PMID- 972114
TI  - The detection of occult metastases with imaging studies.

PMID- 972115
TI  - Chemotherapeutic management and assessment of response.

PMID- 972116
TI  - Total body irradiation utilizing a single 60Co source.

PMID- 972117
TI  - Plastic molds for patient immobilization.

PMID- 972118
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: therapeutic options.

PMID- 972119
TI  - Alice in lymphoma-land.

PMID- 972120
TI  - Visceral and somatic reflexes produced by J pulmonary receptors in newborn
      kittens.
AB  - The functional efficiency of J pulmonary receptor reflexes was studied in 28
      newborn anesthetized kittens. J receptor stimulation was achieved by injecting
      phenyl diguanide (PDG) solution into the right atrium using a technique
      established earlier for cats. Control injections of PDG into the aorta were made.
      Respiration, aortic blood presure, and knee jerk were recorded. The Hering-Breuer
      reflex was routinely tested in each kitten by inflating the lungs through the
      tracheal cannula. In the newborn kitten (1-6 days old), it was not possible to
      elicit any effect on injection of PDG into the right atrium. At 1 wk, the
      visceral reflexes--apnea, rapid shallow breathing, bradycardia--could be produced
      by doses much higher (six times) than the adult dose. By the 10th day, the
      visceral reflexes were fully developed. The motor reflex, i.e., inhibition of EMG
      and reduction of knee jerk, was elicited after 3 wk. The earliest response was
      seen in a 3-wk-old kitten. All these reflexes were abolished by bilateral
      cervical vagotomy. These results suggest that the J receptor reflexes are poorly
      developed in the newborn kitten and that the motor reflexes develop much later
      than the visceral reflexes.

PMID- 972121
TI  - A new method to determine frequency characteristics of the respiratory system.
AB  - A technique is described allowing one to determine simultaneously the resistance
      and reactance of the total respiratory system for various frequencies. During
      spontaneous breathing, regularly recurring impulses are produced at the mouth by
      means of a loud speaker. A Fourier analysis of the mouth pressure and flow
      signals yields mean resistance and reactance values, over 16 s, for all harmonics
      of 2 Hz up to 30 Hz. The values are in good agreement with those obtained in the
      absence of breathing and those determined by means of the forced oscillation
      technique and by body plethysmography. The reproducibility of the measurements is
      satisfactory (coefficient of variation: 11.6%).

PMID- 972122
TI  - An improved plethysmograph with servo control of hydrostatic pressure.
AB  - One limitation of the conventional fluid displacement plethysmograph is that the
      hydrostatic pressure varies as recordings of volume change are obtained. Thus,
      use of this instrument can lead to inaccuracies that are proportional to the
      compliance of the biological system under study. This paper describes an improved
      design which utilizes a servo-control system and an open, mobile reservoir to
      ensure that the hydrostatic pressure is maintained constant as volume changes are
      recorded. The result is a device that succeeds in combining stability,
      sensitivity and accuracy in a fluid displacement plethysmograph.

PMID- 972123
TI  - Implantable electrode for recording nerve signals in awake animals.
AB  - An implantable electrode assembly consisting of collagen and metallic electrodes
      was constructed to measure simultaneously neural signals from the intact nerve
      and bioelectrical noises in awake animals. Mechanical artifacts, due to bodily
      movement, were negligibly small. The impedance of the collagen electrodes,
      measured in awake cats 6-7 days after implantation surgery, ranged from 39.8-11.5
      komega at a frequency range of 20-5 kHz. Aortic nerve activity and renal nerve
      activity, measured in awake conditions using the collagen electrode, showed
      grouped activity synchronous with the cardiac cycle. Results indicate that most
      of the remal nerve activity was from postganglionic sympathetic fibers and was
      inhibited by the baroceptor reflex in the same cardiac cycle.

PMID- 972124
TI  - Gas transport in a model derived from Hansen-Ampaya anatomical data of the human
      lung.
AB  - The anatomical data of the human lung published by Hansen and Ampaya are used in
      a model of gas transport in the lung. The Bohr dead space is calculated from
      solutions of a transport equation where diffusivity is given by an empirical
      formula obtained by Sherer et al. A satisfactory agreement is found with
      experimental data obtained from simultaneous washouts of H2 and SF6 for
      respiratory frequencies ranging between 15 and 60 min-1 and tidal volumes between
      200 and 1,800 ml. The results support the idea that molecular diffusion is the
      main but not the only physical phenomenom which intervenes in gas mixing during
      breathing.

PMID- 972125
TI  - Pneumotachograph for flow and volume measurement in normal and dense atmospheres.
AB  - Measurement of ventilatory flow during pulmonary function maneuvers and in severe
      exercise by the pneumotachograph flow transducer in dense atmospheres is
      handicapped by the inverse relationship between the linear range of such
      transducers and gas density. This limitation in the usefulness of the
      pneumotachograph can be overcome by mounting such flow transducers in parallel
      and taking into account the reduction in peak ventilatory flow transducers in
      parallel and taking into account the reduction in peak ventilatory flow which
      occurs with increasing density. The design of such assemblies, their static
      performance characteristics, and a drift subtractor, constructed to stabilize the
      output of the pneumotachograph pressure transducer, are described.

PMID- 972126
TI  - Nocturnal lowering of thresholds for sweating and vasodilation.
AB  - Six subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 60-70% of maximal aerobic power
      in a 25 degrees C ambient. Experiments on each subject were conducted at night
      (4:00-5:30 A.M.) and in daytime (noon-4:30 P.M.). Chest sweating rate (msw) was
      measured with resistance hygrometry. Forearm blood flow (BF), with  an arm skin
      temperature of 35.5 +/- 1.2 degrees C (SD), was measured with electrocapacitance
      plethysmography. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured with a thermocouple at
      the level of the left atrium, and mean skin temperature (Tsk) was calculated from
      a weighted average of temperatures at three sites. Tes was corrected to a skin
      temperature of 33 degrees C as follows: T'es = Tes + (Tsk - 33 degrees C)/8. This
      correction reflects the relative contributions of Tes and Tsk to control of
      msw:T'es and BF:T'es relations were not consistently changed. In any given
      subject, thresholds for sweating and vasodilation were shifted about equally.
      These shifts averaged 0.57 degrees C (range: 0.23-0.93 degrees C)for msw and 0.63
      degrees C (range: 0.17-0.98 degrees C) for BF.

PMID- 972127
TI  - Sex and age differences in pulmonary mechanics in normal nonsmoking subjects.
AB  - Maximun flow-volume, static pressure-volume, and maximum flow static recoil
      curves of three groups of nonsmoking, normal subjects (young men, young women,
      elderly women) were used to assess age and sex differences in pulmonary
      mechanics. No significant sex differences in maximum flow were seen but the young
      men showed higher lung recoil pressures at full inflation. When the influence of
      the inspiratory muscles and chest wall was excluded by exponential extrapolation
      of the pressure-volume curves to a maximum volume the bulk elastic properties of
      the lungs of young men and women appeared identical. Loss of maximum expiratory
      flow at low lung volumes and of lung recoil pressure occurred with age in
      nonsmoking women in whom emphysema should be minimal and therefore indicate true
      physiological effects of aging. The changes in pulmonary mechanics with age are
      consistent with an increase in unstressed dimensions and loss of elastic recoil
      of both alveoli and airways.

PMID- 972128
TI  - Plasma renin, angiotensin II, and plasma and urinary aldosterone in running
      exercise.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), renin concentration (PRC), angiotensin II and
      urinary aldosterone of four male athletes were investigated before and after a
      running exercise of 3 X 300 m. After the exercise, there were marked increases in
      all these parameters. The maximal increases (of the means and the ranges), found
      in the samples taken 30 min after the exercise, were: 108% (27-230%, P less than
      0.05) in PRA, 490% (240-800%, P less than 0.01) in PRC, 830% (400-1,970%, P less
      than 0.025) in plasma angiotensin II and 1,600% (160-3,920%, P less than 0.02) in
      plasma aldosterone. The increase in the urinary excretion of aldosterone was 120%
      (42-180%, P less than 0.025). This study demonstrates that intense physical
      exercise may cause marked changes in all the three main components of the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone system. The significance of these changes for the
      physiological function of the human organism in physical stress needs further
      investigation.

PMID- 972129
TI  - Automic innervation of dog coronary arteries.
AB  - The autonomic innervation of canine coronary arteries has been examined using the
      Falck and Owman technique for demonstrating catecholamines and a modification of
      the Koelle technique for the demonstration of cholinesterase. The experimental
      protocol included an examination of the neural innervation of the major coronary
      arteries: LCC, LAD, and RCA. A consistent, relatively dense adrenergic
      innervation was noted. A gradient in the degree of cholinergic innervation was:
      LAD  less than RCA less than LCC. Light microscopic examination of the hearts of
      dogs subjected to either cervical vagotomy or total extrinsic cardiac denervation
      was performed. Additional surgical procedures included removal of the left
      stellate ganglion and a preferential stripping of the LCC. These studies
      demonstrated the intrinsic nature of parasympathetic coronary innervation.
      Following all surgical procedure no variations in density of cholinergic
      innervation were noted, indicating that these fibers are probably postganglionic
      parasympathetic fibers arising from intrinsic ganglia within the ventricles.
      These ganglia may be located at the base of the great vessels and send their
      fibers to the coronary vessels via the septal artery.

PMID- 972130
TI  - Maturational effects on respiratory responses to carbon dioxide in premature
      infants.
AB  - The respiratory responses of 18 premature infants to breathing steady-state
      levels of carbon dioxide were quantified by conventional minute ventilation
      measurements and by measuring the pressure generated after end-expiratory airway
      occlusions. Since no flow or volume changes occur following airway occlusion, the
      CO2 response obtained by this measurement is independent of vagal stretch
      receptor influence and mechanical changes in the lungs. When studied at 3-4 days
      of postnatal age, a group of 29-32-wk gestation infants had a mean slope of
      ventilatory response to CO2 of 10.8 +/- 5.6 ml-min-1-kg-1-mmHg-1 as compared to
      53.5 +/- 10.8 ml-min-1-kg-1-mmHg-1 (P less than 0.005) for a group of 33-36 wk.
      When these infants were restudied at 7-10 days of age, the slopes were 21.6+/-
      6.6 and 58.4 +/- 10.6 ml-min-1-kg-1-mmHg-1 (P less than 0.01), respectively. The
      mask pressure response paralleled minute ventilation. We conclude that the
      increase in ventilatory response to carbon dioxide seen with maturation is not
      due only to changing mechanical features of the lungs, but to increased
      sensitivity of respiratory centers to carbon dioxide.

PMID- 972131
TI  - Physiological aging of champion runners.
AB  - The physiological adjustments to aerobic work (5.6 km/h, up a 9% grade) and to
      exhausting treadmill work of former champion middle-distance runners were
      determined in 1971, at ages 47-68 yr, 25-43 yr after their competitive careers in
      track. In the resting state the former athletes as a group are very much like
      nonathletes of the same ages. Efficiency in the aerobic walk was the same in both
      groups and did not change with age in either, but the former athletes on the
      average performed the walk with less strain as indicated by lower blood lactates,
      "ventilatory equivalents," and heart rates than nonathletes at corresponding
      ages. Mean VO2max of the runners declined from 71.4 ml/min-kg-1 in youth to 41.8
      at a mean age of 56.6 yr, as compared with mean values of 50.6 and 36.5 ml/min-kg
      1 in nonathletes at corresponding ages. VO2max had declined below the average of
      nonathletic men in only two of the former runners. Mean maximal heart rate
      declined with age from 186 to 180 in the runners, and from 199 to 186 in
      nonathletes at corresponding ages. Ventilatory responses of men in both groups
      were closely related to the increases of blood lactate in both aerobic and
      maximal work.

PMID- 972132
TI  - Systolic time intervals during +Gz acceleration.
AB  - Systolic time intervals (STI) were recorded in 8 healthy male volunteers before,
      during, and after 30-s exposures to +3 Gz, +5 Gz, and +7 Gz acceleration. Heart
      rate (HR) increased at all +Gz levels, as did the HR corrected QSIc interval,
      left ventricular ejection time (LVETc), preejection period (PEPc) and PEP/LVET.
      These changes in STI were also proportional to the +Gz level. At the higher +Gz
      levels, PEPc and PEP/LVET continued to increase early in the recovery period, but
      HR and all STI returned to control after 60 s of recovery. Although physiological
      variables other than myocardial contractility, such as preload and afterload may
      influence STI during +Gz the effects of +Gz on stroke volume (SV) and cardiac
      output (CO) were estimated using previously described relationships between STI
      and invasively determined indices of cardiovascular function. In general CO
      increased as SV decreased. During recovery, HR and CO fell and CO remained
      slightly below control levels, primarily because estimated SV remained low. This
      study demonstrates the feasibility of using STI to estimate noninvasively the
      transient changes in cardiovascular function during +Gz acceleration.

PMID- 972133
TI  - Thermoregulatory response of women to intermittent work in the heat.
AB  - Seven women worked intermittently in three randomly ordered sessions at 75%
      Vo2max at three temperatures, 28 degrees C (45% rh) 35 degrees C (65% rh), and 48
      degrees C (10% rh) and recovered in a cool environment (22 degrees C) after each
      6-min work period. Although Tre was higher in each successive work period, the
      ambient temperature had no effect on the cardiovascular or respiratory responses
      or on deltaTre. In all conditions SV decreased with time with a concomitant
      increase in HR to maintain Q. A fall in mean blood pressure from the initial to
      final measurement was due entirely to a decrease in diastolic pressure. The final
      Tre for these women was approximately equal to that previously reported for men
      working continuously for 1 h under conditions equivalent to time-weighted average
      of the thermal and metabolic loads during work and recovery in this study.

PMID- 972134
TI  - Threshold temperatures for shivering in acute and chronic hypercapnia.
AB  - Threshold temperatures for shivering in acute and chronic hypercapnia were
      determined in guinea pigs by measuring the time course of cervical cord
      temperature, skin temperature, oxygen consumption (Vo2), and electrical muscle
      activity during cold exposure (15 degrees C). Prior to acute exposure to CO2, the
      shivering threshold was determined in each animal during control conditions
      breathing air. With increasing CO2 concentrations (5,7.5, and 15% CO2) the
      shivering thresholds fell to lower temperatures, decreasing by approximately 40
      degrees C at 15% CO2. The shift of the shivering threshold to lower values found
      during acute exposure to 15% CO2 was reversed after chronic exposure to 15% CO2
      for 3 days, which marks the time of metabolic adaptation to CO2.

PMID- 972135
TI  - Physiologic limits to work in the heat and evaporative coefficient for women.
AB  - Ten heat-acclimated females exercised seminude on a treadmill at 30% Vo2 max
      (M=152 W-m-2) under eight air temperatures (Ta) ranging from 30 degrees C to 52
      degrees C. Each experiment involved 1 h of fixed and a 2nd h of progressively
      increasing water vapor pressure (Pw) with either air movement of 1 m-s-1 or still
      air. The equilibrium values of rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature
      (Tsk),and heart rate (HR) reached in the 1st h were forced upwards in the 2nd h
      by the rising Pw. The critical Pw was defined by the Tre inflection point for
      each Ta. The loci of the critical Pw were used to delineate the thermal limits on
      the psychrometric chart and were used to derive the effective evaporative
      coefficient (Ke') applicable to the ambient capacity for evaporative cooling
      (Emax). The derived Ke' was 17.6 +/- 4.2 W-m-2 (mean +/- SD) for v0.6m-s-1.
      Isotherms constructed on the basis of the obtained Ke, Tsk, and sweating capacity
      were higher than the physiologically based Pw limits.

PMID- 972136
TI  - Effects of body weight and food intake on pleasantness ratings for a sweet
      stimulus.
AB  - A physiological role for pleasure has been suggested from observations that
      glucose loads reduced pleasantness ratings for sweet stimuli in normal weight but
      not in weight-reduced subjects. This hypothesis was reexamined in fasting and
      food-loaded, lean and obese subjects. Magnitude estimates of sweetness and
      pleasantness were obtained for seven sucrose concentrations. Indices of obesity
      including percent overweight, percent body fat, and body mass index were
      calculated. Pleasantness ratings of fasting subjects either increased up to a
      moderate concentration and then declined (type I hedonic response) or increased
      monotonically with concentration (type II hedonic response). Both types of
      response were found in lean and obese subjects. Within each weight group there
      appeared a negative correlation between pleasantness response and indices of
      obesity. Caloric loads reduced hedonic ratings of type II lean and obese
      subjects, but did not affect pleasantness response of type I lean and obese
      subjects. These findings indicate the presence of an hedonic monitor biased by
      body weight and caloric intake. The data suggest a physiological role for
      pleasure in regulating body weight at different set points in lean and obese
      subjects.

PMID- 972137
TI  - Effect of angiotensin on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated dog lung.
AB  - The effects of infused angiotensin on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in blood
      perfused isolated dog lungs were studied. By using a double-perfusion system we
      were able to perfuse the right and left lungs separately in the same animal; one
      lung was used as control and the other lung was experimentally modified. The
      vasoconstrictive response to hypoxia decreased with time in the isolated lung
      preparations. The infusion of either angiotensin I or angiotensin II (1.2-5.8
      mug/min) caused a threefold increase in the vasoconstrictive response to hypoxia
      over control levels. A second hypoxic period during the infusion usually yielded
      a diminished response, suggesting further degeneration of the response
      irreversible with angiotensin. It was concluded that angiotensin I or angiotensin
      II temporarily enhances hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated dog lungs.

PMID- 972138
TI  - Effects of limping on normal exercise response.
AB  - Ten subjects performed two identical exercise tests on a motor-driven treadmill
      while walking normally or while limping. The two tests were separated by a rest
      period sufficient to permit return to a base-line state and the sugjects were
      randomly assigned to a normal-limp or limp-normal exercise sequence. Work rate
      was varied progressively by increasing treadmill grade in 5-degree increments to
      a maximum of 20 degrees, while limping was induced by insertion of a 0.5-cm
      wooden spike under the heel of the dominant foot. At all work rates, limping
      produced consistent increases in all variables studied, except for tidal volume
      where a decrease was seen. At the highest work rate these differences tended to
      disappear. Even considering the greater O2 consumption induced by limping, there
      were still significant (P less than 0.01) increases in both respiratory rate and
      ventilation at all but the highest work rate, accompanied by an insignificant
      fall in tidal volume. This suggests that these changes were not induced by the
      alterations in the internal or external work of walking and that limping somehow
      alters the regulation of exercise hyperpnea.

PMID- 972139
TI  - A digital display of neuronal average firing frequencies.
AB  - A digital instrument is described which displays on a three-digit, seven-segment
      display the average firing frequency of a neuron. Averaging is done over
      essentially consecutive timing intervals of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, or 50 s. Provision
      is made for overflow indication and for manual resetting. The design is simple,
      economical in the number of integrated circuits used, and may be adapted for
      measuring the average frequency of occurrence of events other than neuronal
      firing.

PMID- 972140
TI  - The response of plant mitochondria to media of high solute content.
AB  - The state-3 rate of respiration of potato tuber mitochondria is inhibited by
      concentrations of KCl or NaCl above 125 mM, and by concentrations of sucrose,
      lactose, or maltose above 500 mM, but not at all by mannitol, glucose, glycine,
      or proline up to a concentration of 1500 mM in the medium. Mitochondria from
      cauliflower, beetroot, cucumber, rock melon, and watermelon behave very similarly
      to those from potato tuber. The variable response to different solutes proves
      that the reduction in respiration is not a simple function of the chemical
      potential of water in the medium. Disruption of potato mitochondria by ultrasonic
      vibration does not relieve the inhibition of succinate oxidation caused by KCl or
      sucrose. However, treatment with detergent abolishes completely the inhibition of
      respiration by sucrose. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase [Succinate:PMS,
      oxidoreductase (EC.1.3.99.1)] and malate dehydrogenase [L-Malate:NAD
      oxidoreductase (EC.1.1.1.37)] activities by sucrose is less than the inhibition
      of succinate- and malate-dependent oxygen uptake by the potato mitochondria.
      Limited substrate uptake and, alternatively, reduced electron flow as a
      consequence of a direct effect of solute on the mitochondrial membrane are
      considered as possible mechanisms of inhibition.

PMID- 972141
TI  - Phenylenediamine restoration of photosynthetic electron flux in DBMIB-inhibited
      chloroplasts.
AB  - Phenylenediamines have been studied and compared as to their effectiveness in
      stimulating photosynthetic electron flux in DBMIB-inhibited chloroplasts. It has
      been found that N-substituted as well as C-substituted p-phenylenediamines
      accelerate the rate of ferricyanide reduction, a photosystem II photoreaction,
      under conditions where the radical cations of N-substituted p-phenylenediamines
      are stable. The P/e2 ratios for these partial reactions are between 0.4 and 0.5;
      this is taken as evidence that N-substituted p-phenylenediamines are reduced by
      the chloroplasts close to the outer surface. Both N- and C-substituted p
      phenylenediamines are capable of bypassing the site of DBMIB inhibition and
      restoring electron flow from water to methylviologen. N-substituted p
      phenylenediamines appear to be more effective even at high concentrations of
      DBMIB. The P/e2 ratios for these reactions are on the order of 0.75-1.0; this is
      taken as evidence that the bypass reaction for N-substituted p-phenylenediamines
      occurs on the inside of the thylakoid membrane.

PMID- 972142
TI  - Inhibition of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthesis by purine nucleosides in
      human erythrocytes.
AB  - The effects of purine nucleosides on 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PP-ribose-P)
      synthesis were investigated in human erythrocytes in vitro. Previous observations
      have shown an increase of PP-ribose-P formation with nucleoside when inorganic
      phosphate (Pi) exceeded 20 mM. In contrast, when external Pi varied from 0 to 25
      mM adenosine, inosine, guanosine, or 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside 1.25 mM
      decreased intracellular PP-ribose-P. The mechanism of this nucleoside effect on P
      ribose-P concentration was investigated. Decreased synthesis rather than
      increased utilization accounted for the nucleoside effect. A decrease of
      erythrocyte Pi from the control values of 0.5 to 2.4 mM accompanied the
      nucleoside-related diminution of PP-ribose-P synthesis. This reduction of Pi was
      capable of decreasing the activity of PP-ribose-P synthetase which is known to be
      sensitive to small changes of Pi. The decrease of erythrocyte Pi levels was
      caused both by those nucleosides which were eventually degraded via purine
      nucleoside phosphorylase (adenosine, inosine, and guanosine) and by those
      nucleosides which were substantially phosphorylated initially by adenosine kinase
      (methylmercaptopurine riboside and adenosine with erythro-9(2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl)
      adenine). Twenty-five per cent of methylmercaptopurine riboside was converted to
      the monophosphate derivative during the incubation. The presence of this
      compound, capable of inhibiting PP-ribose-P synthetase, provided evidence for a
      second mechanism of inhibition of PP-ribose-P synthesis by methylmercaptopurine
      riboside. No substantial increase of AMP, ADP, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, or cyclic
      AMP nor a decrease of ribose 5-phosphate was found. These observations suggest
      that under physiological Pi concentrations nucleosides diminish PP-ribose-P
      synthesis mainly by decreasing intracellular Pi. Regulation of PP-ribose-P
      formation by alterations of intracellular Pi levels may be an important control
      mechanism and may account for a number of biological effects of nucleosides.

PMID- 972143
TI  - Determination of the subunit composition of haptoglobin 2-1 polymers using
      quantitative densitometry of polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - Human haptoglobin (Hp), a hemoglobin-binding glycoprotein containing two types of
      polypeptide chains, alpha and beta, in equimolar amounts linked by disulfide
      bonds, exists in three major phenotypes determined by the properties of the alpha
      chain: Hp 1-1 (alpha1), Hp 2-2 (alpha2), and Hp 2-1 (alpha1 and alpha2). Hp 2-2
      and Hp 2-1 form a series of alpha-disulfide-linked polymers. The subunit
      composition of the Hp 2-1 series was studied by isolation of single Hp 2-1
      polymers by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After reductive disulfide
      cleavage and alkylation the relative content of alpha2 and alpha1 polypeptide
      chains was determined by quantitative densitometry of acid/urea polyacrylamide
      gels stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R250. The molar ratios alpha2/alpha1
      for the Hp 2-1 polymers. P1 through P5 (in order of decreasing electrophoretic
      mobility), were found to be: P1, 0.0 (alpha1 only); P2, 0.48; P3, 0.97; P4, 1.6;
      P5, 2.0. Since one alphabeta-Hb half-molecule is known to bind to each Hp beta
      chain, the beta polypeptide chain content of each of the Hp 2-1 polymers could be
      estimated by by counting the number of Coomassie blue bands formed after
      electrophoresis of isolated Hp 2-1 polymers fractionally saturated with
      cyanmethemoglobin (Hb). The number of beta chains present in Hp 2-1 polymers P1
      through P4 was determined to be: P1, 2; P2, 3; P3, 4 and P4, 5. Molecular weights
      of the Hp 2-1 polymers were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresus using as standards the almost homologous Hp 2-2 polymer
      series whose molecular weights are known from ultracentrifugation studies.
      Molecular weights for the first five Hp 2-1 polymers were estimated to be
      107,000; 162,000; 217,000, 274,000; and 331,000, respectively. These data are
      consistent with the previously proposed model for the subunit composition of the
      Hp 2-1 polymer series when P1 = (alpha1 beta)2 and the subsequent polymers in
      order are represented as (alpha1 beta)2(alpha2 beta)n where n = 1,2,3,4...

PMID- 972144
TI  - Structure of the accumulating oligosaccharide in fucosidosis.
AB  - Two water-soluble complex carbohydrate storage products were isolated from
      tissues and urine of patients with an inherited deficiency of lysosomal alpha-L
      fucosidase (fucosidosis). The major component was an oligosaccharide of
      approximate molecular weight 1700, indicating that it was a dekasaccharide. From
      a combination of sequential digestion with purified exo-glycosidases, periodate
      oxidation and permethylation in conjunction with gas-liquid chromatography mass
      spectrometric analysis, the structure was found to be: Fuc(alpha 1 leads to 2)Gal
      (beta 1 leads to 4) GlcNAc (beta1 leads to 2)Man [Fuc(alpha1 leads to 2) Gal
      (beta1 leads to 4) GlcNAc(beta1 leads to 2) Man] (alpha 1 leads to 3/6) Man
      (beta1 leads to 4) GlcNAc, although there was some evidence for heterogeneity at
      the mannose branchpoint. This material is structurally related to the stored
      oligosaccharides in patients with inherited deficiencies of beta-galactosidase (G
      M1-gangliosidosis) and N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase (G M2-gangliosidosis). A
      dissaccharide with the probable structure Fuc(alpha1 leads to 6)GlcNAc was found
      in lesser amounts in tissues; both are believed to be derived from the impaired
      catabolism of large numbers of different glycoproteins.

PMID- 972145
TI  - Concanavalin A binding to membranes of the Golgi apparatus and resultant
      modification of galactosyltransferase activity.
AB  - 125I-Concanavalin A was found to bind to purified Golgi membranes in a manner
      which was time-dependent, proportional to the amount of Golgi protein, saturable,
      and inhibited by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside and unlabeled concanavalin A.
      Approximately 2 nmol of 125I-concanavalin A were bound per mg of membrane protein
      with a mean Ka of 0.2 x 10(7) M-1. After binding of concanavalin A to the
      membranes, all unbound lectin was removed by repeated washing prior to assay of
      galactosyltransferase activity to assure that bulk concanavalin A would not bind
      to the sugar acceptor during the enzyme assay. Therefore, the effects of the
      lectin were not due to altered acceptor concentrations in the assay. As a result
      of concanavalin A binding the activity of the galactosyltransferase of these
      membranes was enhanced by 70 to 100%. The enhancement was abolished by treatment
      of the concanavalin A-bound Golgi with alpha-methylglucoside. Kinetically this
      stimulation was reflected as an altered Km for N-acetylglucosamine and UDP
      galactose. The data are suggestive that the stimulation of the enzyme results
      indirectly from perturbation of the membranes on binding of the lectin.

PMID- 972146
TI  - Poly (A)-rich ribonucleoprotein complexes from HeLa cell messenger RNA.
AB  - Polyribosomal messenger RNA from HeLa cells contain 3'-OH-terminal polyadenylate
      sequences approximately 133 nucleotides in length (weight average). When analyzed
      at the ribonucleoprotein level of organization these poly(A)-rich sequences are
      found to contain tightly bound proteins. These proteins remain associated with
      the poly(A)-rich RNA during affinity chromatography of RNase A and T1-digested
      polyribosomes on poly(U)-Sepharose in 0.5 M NaCl, and co-elute from the column
      with the RNA at 50% formamide. Controls establish that the co-purification of the
      proteins with poly(A) on poly(U)-Sepharose requires the molecular integrity of
      the poly(A). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolves the poly(A)-specific
      proteins into two components of 74,000 and 62,000 molecular weight. The larger
      protein is the same size as that previously reported to be associated with
      poly(A)-rich sequences in HeLa heterogeneous nuclear RNA (Kish, V.M., and
      Pederson, T. (1975), J. Mol. Biol. 95, 227-238). It is concluded that both HeLa
      nuclear and polyribosomal poly(A) sequences have a protein (62,000 molecular
      weight) associated with poly(A) appears to be confined only to messenger RNA.

PMID- 972147
TI  - The NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid sequence of nuclear protein A24.
AB  - The NH2- and COOH-terminal sequence of nuclear portein A24 has been determined by
      automatic Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase A and B digestion. Protein A24
      is of interest because it is composed in part of histone 2A (Goldknofp, I.L., and
      Busch, H., (1975) Biochem, Biophys. Res. Commun. 65, 951-960). The sequence of
      the first 37 NH2-terminal residues is: Met-Gln-Ile-Phe-Val-Lys-Thr-Leu-Thr-Gly
      Lys-Thr-Ile-Thr-Leu-Glu-Val-Glu-Pro-Ser-Asp-Thr-Ile-Glu-Asn-Val-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ile
      Gln-Asp-Lys-Glu-Gly-Ile-Pro- This sequence is not homologous to any known histone
      sequence. It contains regions of internal homology (italics). The COOH-terminal
      amino acid sequence is the same as that of histone 2A, naely: -His-His-Lys-Ala
      Lys-Gly-Lys-COOH.

PMID- 972148
TI  - Purification and characterization of two lectins from Caragana arborescens seeds.
AB  - A glycoprotein fraction with hemagglutinating activity was purified by affinity
      chromatography from seeds of the pea tree, Caragana arborescens. Subsequent
      fractionation resolved two components, which could be separated on a preparative
      scale using different affinity matrices. The major component binds to N
      acetylgalactosamine coupled to Sepharose 4B. It is a glycoprotein with high
      hemagglutinating activity. It is composed of two types of polypeptides, present
      in nonstoichiometric amounts, with apparent molecular weights near 30,000. In the
      native molecule, the subunits are cross-linked by disulfide bonds to form dimers,
      which in turn appear to be in rapid equilibrium with tetramers. The minor
      component binds to underivatized Sepharose 4B. It too, is a glycoprotein but has
      low hemagglutinating activity. It is composed of three types of polypeptides
      which, although they have apparent molecular weights near 30,000 are
      distinguished from the subunits of the major hemagglutinin by a number of
      physical and chemical properties. The native molecule is dimeric, with a mass of
      60,000 daltons. The major component has high affinity (K = 0.1 mM) for the
      haptenic sugar, N-acetylgalactosamine, but will also bind D-galactose. Neither
      lectin has ABO blood group specificity, nor are they transformed mouse
      fibroblasts to the same extent.

PMID- 972149
TI  - Electronic structure and bonding of the amino acids containing first row atoms.
AB  - The electronic structures of the amino acids containing first row atoms have been
      determined for the zwitterionic form using an approximate self-consistent field
      method, partial retention of diatomic differential overlap. Various energetic
      quantities including certain proton affinities are present as are eigenvalues for
      the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. It is found that
      our method, in common with all methods employing minimum basis sets, yields
      eigenvalues for the highest occupied molecular orbital that are too high. The
      method does predict the location of this orbital correctly when compared to
      calculations employing larger basis sets. It is predicted that electron loss due
      to ionizing radiation should occur from the carboxylate group for the nonaromatic
      amino acids, while for tyrosine and tryptophan, electron loss should occur from
      the ring system. No choice between these two sites can be made for phenylalanine.
      Charge distributions have been obtained which show that only partial zwitterionic
      character is found in the backbone and that little delocalization of charge from
      the backbone to the side chain occurs. Localized molecular orbitals have been
      obtained using the Boys criteria and the bonding in the amino acids is disscussed
      in terms of these orbitals. Hybridization of various bonds and bond polarities
      are discussed as is the phenomenon of fractional bonding to carbon.

PMID- 972150
TI  - Maternal-fetal carnitine relationship and neonatal ketosis in the rat.
AB  - The concentration of ketone bodies in plasma and of carnitine in various
      maternal, fetal, and neonatal tissues was examined during the developmental
      period in rats. Plasma ketone levels were low in the fetus, increased 10-fold
      during the first 24 h postpartom, and thereafter gradually declined such that
      normal values were found at the end of the suckling period. An almost identical
      profile was observed for liver carnitine concentrations in the baby rats. The
      converse was true for heart tissue, the carnitine content of which was low at
      birth and steadily increased to adult levels with the time of suckling. The
      primary source of carnitine in neonatal tissues, at least during the first 2 to 3
      days postpartum, was shown to be the mother rat whose liver and milk carnitine
      content was very high at this time and fell as nursing continued. Experiments in
      which the fate of [14C]butyrobetaine, the immediate precursor of carnitine, was
      followed after injection into nursing mother rats indicated movement of carnitine
      from maternal liver leads to maternal plasma leads to milk leads to neonatal
      tissues. The above findings support the view expressed earlier that one
      prerequisite for the development of a high ketogenic profile in liver may be an
      elevation in the tissue carnitine concentration. Additional factors, however, are
      clearly involved as evidenced by the observation that in the fed state perfused
      livers from nursing mother rats synthesized ketone bodies from oleic acid at low
      rates compared with those seen after a 24 h fast, despite the fact that tissue
      carnitine levels were equally elevated in both groups. This paradox is likely
      related to the fact that in the fed state such livers also contained large
      quantities of glycogen, depletion of which through fasting was accompanied by
      marked acceleration of ketogenesis from oleate. The data indicate, therefore,
      that maximal ketogenic capacity of the liver requires for its induction an
      increase in carnitine coupled with a decrease in glycogen content of the tissue.

PMID- 972151
TI  - Effect of glycosylation on the in vivo circulating half-life of ribonuclease.
AB  - The circulating half-lives of the four isozymes of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease
      (RNases A, B, C, and D) have been determined in normal and in nephrectomized
      rats. The isozymes differ only in their glycosyl content. While A contains no
      sugars, B has a simple oligosaccharide (GlcNAc2 Man4-5),and C and D each have a
      complex oligosaccharide (GlcNAc4 Man 2-3 Gal2 Fuc NeuAc2, and GlcNAc4 Man3 Gal2
      Fuc NeuAc4, respectively) attached to Asn-34 of the polypeptide chain. All four
      isozymes were cleared rapidly in normal rats (t 1/2 = 2 to 3 min), as expected on
      the basis of the established role of the kidneys in removing low molecular weight
      proteins from circulation. In nephrectomized rats, however, a much slower
      clearance was observed, thus permitting the evaluation of the role of the
      carbohydrate chains in the catabolism of the isozymes. The clearance curves can
      be analyzed in terms of two processes, a rapid initial one, shown to represent
      the equilibration of the injected enzyme into extravascular space, and a second
      one which is interpreted as the catabolic clearance of the enzyme. The haf-life
      of the RNase isozymes was calculated from this second process and found to be in
      the range 528 to 577 min for RNase A, 15 min for RNase B, 681 to 862 min for
      RNase C, and 839 to 941 min for RNase D. The rapidly cleared RNase B was treated
      with alpha-mannosidase to remove 3 of the 4 mannosyl residues, leaving only a
      trisaccharide (GlcNAc2-betaMan) attached to the protein. The half-life of this
      RNase B derivatives was found to be in the range 616 to 733 min. From these
      results it is concluded (a) that the addition of complex oligosaccharides to a
      protein does not have any significant direct effect on its circulating half-life
      (RNases C and D compared to RNase A), and (b) that in the rat there exists a
      mechanism for clearing glycoproteins based on specific recognition of exposed
      alpha-mannosyl residues (RNase B compared to the other isozymes and to alpha
      mannosidase-treated RNase B).

PMID- 972152
TI  - Structure and action of heteronemertine polypeptide toxins. Primary structure of
      Cerebratulus lacteus toxin B-IV.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of Cerebratulus toxin B-IV, a crustacean-selective axonal
      toxin occurring in the marine worm C. lacteus, was determined by Edman
      degradation of the tryptic and staphylococcal protease peptides obtained from the
      reduced, carboxymethylated toxin. All four of the anticipated maleylated tryptic
      peptides, ranging in size from 8 to 23 residues, and three staphylococcal
      protease peptides, ranging from 9 to 35 residues, were isolated in pure form by
      gel filtration followed by either ion exchange chromatography or preparative
      paper electrophoresis. The order of the maleylated tryptic peptides was based
      upon the sequences of the staphylococcal protease peptides. As might be expected,
      toxin B-IV displays no homology with the elapid nicotinic receptor toxins. In
      addition, toxin B-IV is structurally unrelated to a group of scorpion neurotoxins
      which, like B-IV, affect action potential generating mechanisms.

PMID- 972153
TI  - Preparation of intact monomeric collagen from rat tail tendon and skin and the
      structure of the nonhelical ends in solution.
AB  - Procedures for the preparation of soluble collagen from rat skin and tail tendon
      were reviewed and revised to permit the preparation of native monomeric collagen
      with intact nonhelical ends. The degree of intactness was estimated from the
      tyrosine content, which is present only in the nonhelical ends, and by mobility
      of the COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide of the alpha1 chain on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate gels. The amount of covalently cross-linked polymeric material
      present was estimated by molecular sieve chromatography of denatured samples.
      Rapid purification in the cold was sufficient to prevent or greatly reduce
      proteolytic alteration. Fractionation by salt precipitation at acid pH was
      effective in reducing the content of polymeric material. Rat tail tendon yielded
      completely intact native collagen, but some high molecular weight aggregates
      remained. Collagen from the skin of lathyritic rats was easier to obtain free of
      aggregates, but contained about 1 less tyrosine residue per alpha1 chain even
      when isolated in the presence of enzyme inhibitors. Proton NMR spectra of
      denatured acidic solutions of these preparations showed that 4 to 5 tyrosine
      residues per alpha chain were present, confirming the chemical analysis. Spectra
      of the native molecule showed that about the same number of tyrosine residues per
      chain are in rapid motion, unlike residues in the helical portion of the
      molecule, a result which shows that the nonhelical ends of the native molecule
      are unstructured in acidic solution.

PMID- 972154
TI  - Absence of the major sialoglycoprotein in the membrane of human En(a--)
      erythrocytes and increased glycosylation of band 3.
AB  - The human En(a-) blood group is a rare recessive trait. These erythrocytes lack
      the major membrane sialoglycoprotein (PAS1, MN protein, or glycophorin) and
      contain a decreased amount of PAS2 as demonstrated by radiolabeling of surface
      porteins and chemical techniques. A third glycoprotein, Band 3, contains two
      labeled oligosaccharide chains; the more complex oligosaccharide has a higher
      molecular weight in En(1-) cells than in normal cells. A fourth glycoprotein,
      PAS3, is present in usual amounts in En(a-) cells. Cells heterozygous for En(a)
      are intermediate in these respects. The sialic acid is decreased in En(a-) cells,
      but the total carbohydrate is similar in the different membranes. The glycolipids
      are present in normal amounts but are much more exposed to galactose oxidase in
      En(a-) cells than in normal cells.

PMID- 972155
TI  - Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy of isotopically labeled  mammalian
      cells.
AB  - Choline completely deuterated in the methyl groups has been incorporated into two
      mammalian cell systems. The first was the chemically transformed mouse fibroblast
      LM cell line, grown in suspension culture. The second system consisted of
      mitochondria from Sprague-Dawley rats which were fed upon a choline-deficient
      diet enriched with deuterated choline chloride. Two classes of deuterium nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) signal were obtained from each system. The first class
      of signal exhibited no residual quadrupole coupling constant and was assigned to
      the natural abundance of 2H in water, together with free labeled choline. The
      second class of signal had a residual quadrupole coupling of about 1 HKz and was
      assigned to 2H-labeled choline headgroups of phospholipids. These results are in
      conflict with a previous study of deuterated rat liver mitochondrial membranes.
      Deuterium magnetic resonance spectra can be obtained on mammalian membranes that
      have incorporated specific deuterium-labeled compounds and, therefore, provides a
      very powerful method for studying the dynamic structure of membranes.

PMID- 972156
TI  - Operative repair of coexisting mitral stenosis and interatrial defect
      (Lutembacher's syndrome).

PMID- 972157
TI  - Cardiac myxoma. A report of eight cases.

PMID- 972158
TI  - Dystrophy of the media with aneurysmal tendency in the abdominal aorta-iliac
      segments (13 cases).
AB  - The authors report 13 cases of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and common iliac
      arteries similar to those described by Leriche. The main morphological
      abnormality was major dystrophy involving the media, giving a special
      pathological appearance to these structures, long considered a mere morphological
      anomaly. In this part of the arterial system at least, they seem to evolve
      towards aneurysm and rupture (thin-walled aneurysm). This course requires
      echotomographic supervision of cases not submitted to immediate surgery, owing to
      the widespread nature of the process and the fact that some lesions resemble
      large arteries rather than aneurysms. The classic surgical technique of aortic
      and iliac aneurysms should often also include special technical devices. First,
      unilateral by-pass operation before the resection stage, and secondly aortic
      suture on a prosthesis to avoid tearing the arterial wall which is affected by
      media-spongiosis. The ten cases operated here all had a favourable course with a
      follow-up period of 1 to 9 years.

PMID- 972159
TI  - Predilection of occlusive disease for the left iliac artery.
AB  - Eighty-six consecutive patients operated on for atherosclerotic occlusion of the
      aortoiliac segment were examined regarding the severity of the disease in the
      left or right iliac arteries. Sixty-nine percent of 78 patients were found to
      have predominantly more severe lesions on the left side. A study of the geometric
      anatomy of the aortoiliac region in 14 male and 12 female cadavers revealed that
      the right common iliac take-off angle was wider than the left and the radius of
      curvature of the right osculating circle at the aortoiliac bifurcation was
      smaller than the left, with the asymmetry of the region being much more marked in
      males than in females. The predilection of occlusive disease for the left iliac
      artery is explained on the basis of these differences in local geometric anatomy
      and their effect on the local hemodynamics.

PMID- 972160
TI  - Vascular malformations and dysplasias. Angiomorphology with respective clinical
      significance.

PMID- 972161
TI  - Management of Raynaud's phenomenon due to arterial occlusive disease of the wrist
      and hand.

PMID- 972162
TI  - The repair of the surface structure of animal cells.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine if animal cells in culture possess
      specific mechanisms to repair surface molecules damaged by enzymes. The surface
      membranes of a primary cell culture, chick fibroblasts, a permanent hamster cell
      line, BHK21/C13, and its virally transformed counterpart, C13/B4 were damaged by
      exposure to trypsin or to neuraminidase. Following digestion with trypsin, the
      incorporation of radioactive amino acids or sugars into purified surface membrane
      of cells was monitored. No differences were noted in rates of incorporation when
      control and trypsin-damaged cells were compared. Neuraminidase damage to the
      surface of BHK21/C13 and C13/B4 cells was evidenced by altered gel filtration
      profiles of surface glycopeptides, i.e., delayed elution because of reduction in
      size. By labelling cells with 14C-L-fucose prior to neuraminidase treatment and
      following the incorporation of 3H-L-fucose into cell surface glycopeptides after
      neuraminidase digestion, we were able to monitor the synthesis and turnover of
      fucose-containing glycopeptides in the same cells. Gel filtration profiles
      indicated that little or no desialylated glycoproteins were resialylated
      (repaired) by specific replacement of sialic acid. Comparing neuraminidase
      digested and control cells we observed no difference in rates of 3H-L-fucose
      incorporation or of 14C-L-fucose loss from these cells; nor did we find
      differences in the rate of incorporation of isotopic glucosamine into sialic
      acid. Neuraminidase treatment failed to alter the rate of cell growth or the
      pattern of isotopic incorporation into various cell surface components. These
      results support the suggestion that return of sialic acid (repair) was effected
      by turnover which serves as a non-specific repair mechanism to replace damaged
      cell surface molecules (Warren and Glick '68; Warren, '69).

PMID- 972163
TI  - Variation in melanosome numbers in cultured B-16 melanoma cells.
AB  - Melanosomes from B-16 mouse melanoma cells in culture were isolated by treatment
      of pigmented cells with 2% SDS, sonication, and heating at 100 degrees C. The
      total number of melanosomes in cultures of B-16 mouse melanoma cells increased
      exponentially during the rapid phase of sigmoid growth. The numbers of
      melanosomes per cell decreased during rapid phase of growth, and repigmentation
      was observed only when the cultures attained the stationary growth phase. BUdr at
      a minimum concentration of 0.5 mug/ml decreased both cell growth and numbers of
      melanosomes per cell, and completely inhibited repigmentation following a period
      of active growth. Cells cultured in 0.1 mug/ml BUdr grew at the same rate as
      untreated cells but contained fewer melanosomes/cell and lower total numbers of
      melanosomes during the late stages of the growth cycle.

PMID- 972164
TI  - Purine uptake by azaguanine-resistant Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - In this study the resistance of a number of lines of Chinese hamster ovary cells
      to azaguanine is examined. Those which are drug resistant by virtue of a
      deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) fail to take
      up any exogenous hypoxanthine or azaguanine. A second class of drug resistant
      cells which grow in the reverse selective HAT medium and have levels of HPRT in
      the range of the wild type parent line take up these purines at lower rates than
      the nonresistant cells and incorporate smaller amounts of them into
      trichloracetic acidinsoluble constituents. The results suggest that their basis
      for resistance resides in lowered incorporation of azaguanine into DNA and RNA,
      possibly due to a mofified HPRT molecule which accepts hypoxanthine, but not
      azaguanine as a substrate.

PMID- 972165
TI  - The effect of oxygen tension on the growth and metabolism of WI-38 cells.
AB  - The effect of oxygen tension on cellular growth and metabolism was studied in
      actively growing WI-38 cells [greater than 90% labeled nuclei (LN)] grown under
      atmospheres containing 5% CO2 and various combinations of O2 and N2. Cells grown
      under a partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) of 7.8 +/- 3.5 mm Hg had a significantly
      slower growth rate, lower saturation densities and higher rates of glucose
      consumption and lactate production than did cells grown under a PO2 of 44 +/- 7
      mm Hg. There were no significant differences in saturation density or the rates
      of glucose consumption or lactate production between cells grown under PO2 26 +/-
      4 mm Hg, 44 +/- 7 mm Hg, or 134 +/- 11 mm Hg. Population doubling time was
      slightly prolonged at a PO2 of 134 mm Hg compared to a PO2 of 44 mm Hg. Cells
      grown under a PO2 of 291 +/- 25 mm Hg showed only 20-30% of the growth rate and
      10-20% of the saturation density of cells grown under a PO2 of 134 mm Hg. Despite
      this reduced growth, cells grown under a PO2 of 291 mm Hg consumed four to six
      times as much glucose and produced four to six times as much lactate per cell as
      cells grown at a PO2 of 134 mm Hg. Cells grown under a PO2 of 560 +/- 38 mm Hg
      attached but did not proliferate. This toxic effect of oxygen on cell
      proliferation was reversible and was not due to an effect of oxygen on the media.

PMID- 972166
TI  - Stimulation of WI-38 cell cycle transit: effect of serum concentration and cell
      density.
AB  - Flow microfluorometry has been used to characterize the effects of serum
      concentration and cell density on the initiation of cell cycle transit of
      stationary phase (G0) human diploid fibroblasts (strain WI-38). The concentration
      of serum used to stimulate these cultures had no effect on the time cells began
      appearing in S (the DNA synthetic period), nor on the synchrony with which they
      moved around the cell cycle. However, as the serum concentration increased, the
      fraction of the stationary phase population released from G0 increased. Cell
      density modulated the ability of serum to stimulate cell cycle traverse. For
      example, at a cell density of 1.81 X 10(4) cells/cm2, 78% of the population was
      sensitive to serum stimulation; whereas, when the density was increased to 7.25 X
      10(4) cells/cm2, only 27% of the population could be stimulated. This effect of
      cell density on the serum response is not simply the result of changing the ratio
      of serum concentration to cell density, but appears to reflect a true modulation
      of the population's sensitivity to serum stimulation. These results are
      consistent with the interpretation that the primary action of serum is to
      determine the transition of cells from a non-cycling G0 state to a cycling state
      and that cell density determines the proportion of the population capable of
      undergoing this transition.

PMID- 972167
TI  - Control of normal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. XI. Induction of a
      specific requirement for cell viability and growth during the differentiation of
      myeloid leukemic cells.
AB  - Normal hematopoetic cells require the presence of a protein (MGI) in the
      appropriate conditioned medium (CM) for cell viability and growth and for
      differentiation to mature macrophages and granulocytes. Clones of myeloid
      leukemic cells have been established in culture (D+ clones) which require CM with
      this protein for differentiation, but not for cell viability and growth. It has
      been shown that these leukemic cells can be induced by CM to again require, like
      normal cells, the presence of CM for cell viability and growth. Induction of this
      requirement, which will be referred to as RVG, occurred before the D+ cells
      differentiated to mature granulocytes. Clones of myeloid leukemic cells (D-
      clones) that could not be induced to differentiate to mature cells, did not show
      the induction of RVG. The steroid hormones prednisolone and dexamethasone can
      induce some, but not all the changes associated with differentiation of D+ cells,
      Incubation with these steroids did not result in the induction of a requirement
      for these steroids for cell growth and viability. Studies with CM from different
      sources have shown, that all batches that induced RVG also induced
      differentiation of D+ cells and that both activities were inhibited after
      treating the CM with trypsin. It is suggested that the same protein (MGI) may be
      involved in both activities. Incubation of D+ cells with CM resulted in an
      increase in agglutinability by concanavalin A and this increase was maintained
      even in the absence of CM. This suggests, that the induction of RVG in D+ myeloid
      leukemic cells is associated with a change in the cell surface membrane.

PMID- 972168
TI  - Enhanced synthesis and extracellular accumulation of hyaluronic acid during
      stimulation of quiescent human fibroblasts by mouse epidermal growth factor.
AB  - The effect of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) on the synthesis of
      glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins by human fibroblasts has been studied. The
      addition of physiological concentrations (10(-9)M) of mEGF to quiescent cultures
      preincubated in the absence of serum was found to elicit an increased
      incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into the glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins of
      both the cellular and extracellular fractions. Although the growth response to
      the factor, as measured by DNA replication, was minimal under these conditions as
      compared with the effect of serum, the mEGF-induced incorporation of glucosamine
      into these cellular constituents and into the extracellular glycoproteins was
      comparable to that elicited by serum shift-up. Serum, however, caused a
      significantly larger incorporation of glucoasimine into extracellular, acid
      soluble glycosaminoglycans, which were shown to contain hyaluronic acid as the
      major component. As previously demonstrated, the growth response to mEGF can be
      enhanced several fold by an mEGF-binding arginine esterase, which is normally
      associated with the factor in vivo, and by ascorbate. The esterase was found to
      increase markedly the mEGF-induced incorporation of glucosamine into
      extracellular hyaluronic acid, while the addition of ascorbic acid did not
      significantly alter glucosamine incorporation.

PMID- 972169
TI  - Inhibition of sulfate transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by 4-acetamido-4'
      isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid(SITS).
AB  - The effects of the nonpenetrating amino reactive reagnet 4-acetamido-4'
      isothiocyano-stilbene-2-2'-dilsulfonic acid (SITS) on anion transport (sulfate,
      chloride, and inorganic phosphate) were investigated in Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells. Short time exposure to SITS produces a reversible inhibition (92%) of
      sulfate transport. The kinetics of interaction suggest that reversibly bound SITS
      competitively inhibits sulfate transport, Ki = 3 X 10(-6)M. Incubation of tumor
      cells with SITS (1 X 10(-4)M) for longer periods of time results in a time
      dependent irreversible inhibition of sulfate transport which obeys first order
      kinetics. The rate coefficient for the inactivation process is 0.040 min-1. The
      kinetics of irreversible inhibition is best explained by the irreversible binding
      of SITS to the sulfate transport site, and therefore makes SITS a potentially
      useful probe for the quantiation of these sites in the tumor cell. The lack of
      effect of irreversibly bound SITS on either chloride or inorganic phosphate
      transport points to a specificity in the interaction of SITS with the tumor cell
      membrane, as well as indicating that an alternate pathway exists for the movement
      of these anions across the membrane.

PMID- 972170
TI  - Regulation of lipid synthesis from acetate in diploid fibroblast cultures --
      variation with passage level and stage of cell growth.
AB  - Regulation of lipid synthesis from acetate in human diploid fibroblast cultures
      has been studied at various passage levels and at different stages of cell
      growth. When cultures were transferred to lipid free medium, a stimulation of
      [14C]acetate incorporation into lipid occurred within three to six hours after
      removal of exogenous lipid. In early passage cultures, this stimulation was
      observed whether cells were transferred to protein-free medium or medium
      supplemented with delipidized serum protein. However, in late passage cultures
      the presence of delipidized serum protein was required for the stimulation of
      lipid synthesis. When logarithmically dividing and stationary phase cultures were
      compared, the cultures in log phase showed stimulation of acetate incorporation
      into lipid in the presence or absence of delipidized serum protein, whereas in
      the stationary cultures the delipidized serum protein was required. When cultures
      were partially synchronized by a thymidine block, stimulation of acetate
      incorporation into lipid in the blocked cells only occurred in the presence of
      delipidized serum protein; in released cells stimulation occurred in protein free
      medium. When inhibition of lipid synthesis from acetate was compared in young vs.
      old or dividing vs. stationary cultures, however, no differences were observed.
      The data indicate the response of diploid fibroblast cultres to change in
      exogenous lipid is dependent on passage level and state of growth.

PMID- 972171
TI  - Endosymbiosis in amoebae: recently established endosymbionts have become required
      cytoplasmic components.
AB  - A strain of large, free-living amoeba that became dependent on bacterial
      endosymbionts which had infected the amoebae initially as intracellular
      parasites, was studied by micrurgy and electron microscopy. The results show that
      the infected host cells require the presence of live endosymbionts for their
      survival.Thus, the nucleus of an infected amoeba can form a viable cell with the
      cytoplasm of a noninfected amoeba only when live endosymbionts are present. The
      endosymbiotic bacteria are not digested by the host amoebae and are not
      themselves used as nutritional supplement. While the host amoebae are dependent
      specifically on the endosymbionts, the latter can live inside amoebae of
      different strains, indicating that their dependence on the host cells is not yet
      strain specific.

PMID- 972172
TI  - Argon laser microirradiation of mitochondria in rat myocardial cells in tissue
      culture. VII. fibrillation in ventricle and auricle cells.
AB  - Rat myocardial cells in vitro were irradiated in individual mitochondria with an
      argon ion laser microbeam. The contractile respone termed fibrillation in single
      and multicellular groups of both ventricle and auricle cells were compared.
      Specific correlations were made between fibrillation duration, the number of
      cells in the group, and the number of times the cells had fibrillated.
      Correlations were also made for the number of laser shots needed to induce
      fibrillation and the number of cells in the group. Another set of correlations
      were made between the pre-irradiation beat frequency and the beat frequency
      following recovery. Several differences and similarities of the above parameters
      were detected between auricle and ventricle cells. A comparison of the morphology
      and ultrastructure of auricle and ventricle cells also revealed significant
      differences.

PMID- 972173
TI  - Electron-microscope observations on cell nuclei in various tissues of a teleost
      fish: the nucleolus-associated monolayer of chromatin structural units.
AB  - Observations on stain uptake by thin sections through condensed interphase
      chromosomes in cells from epithelial and muscle tissue in kidney and intestine,
      and also in fibroblasts, show a distribution into DNA-rich and DNA-poor phases
      similar to that already described in cells from the connective tissue blood. In
      all the nuclei the nucleolus, when adjacent to the nuclear envelope, is separated
      from the inner membrane by a monolayer of chromatin structural units, similar to
      the monolayer enclosed on both sides by nuclear envelope, previously described in
      a wide variety of organisms. The data provide further support for the hypothesis
      that the condensed interphase chromosomes in eukaryotes are characterized by
      essentially similar structural units folded to form similar patterns. This
      hypothesis, regarding the higher order units, is consistent with data of others
      which show that histones and DNA fold to form similar repeating subunits in
      chromatin, irrespective of the base sequence in the DNA and the origin of the
      histones.

PMID- 972174
TI  - Ultrastructural site variations in mouse epidermal organization.
AB  - Mouse dorsal, ear, tail and foot epidermis are compared according to their tissue
      architecture and cell kinetics. Cell proliferation is expected in terms of the
      daily volume of keratin replaced. The stratum corneum may be organized into
      vertical columns of squames, which may have minimal overlap as in dorsum and ear,
      or maximal overlap as in tail. Individual areas are adapted to their function
      both in squame fine structure and rate of cell replacement. The surface keratin
      loss/replacement rate is at its highest in foot and tail, and lowest in ear and
      dorsum. Observations on hairless mouse dorsum are also included.

PMID- 972175
TI  - The blepharoplast of Marsilea: its de novo formation and spindle association.
AB  - Blepharoplast formation and function has been investigated by light and electron
      microscopy in developing microspores of the water fern Marsilea vestita. When
      single-celled microspores are hydrated they undergo a series of 9 cell divisions
      producing 7 sterile cells plus 32 spermatids. The blepharoplast, a densely
      staining, spherical inclusion (0-5-1-0 mum in diameter) interpenetrated by
      numerous lightly stained channels, is a precursor organelle for the production of
      the 100-150 basal bodies of the motile sperm. During development it arises twice
      in the dividing spermatogenous cells; first in telophase of the second to last or
      7th division, and again in telophase of the next to last or 8th division. The
      blepharoplast first forms on the distal side of the nucleus during telophase of
      the 7th division but soon degenerates as the cell enters prophase and metaphase
      of the 8th division. The blepharoplast first forms on the distal side of the
      nucleus during telophase of the 7th division but soon degenerates as the cell
      enters prophase and metaphase of the 8th division. During telophase of the 8th
      division the blepharoplast again arises in the cytoplasm near a small indentation
      of the nuclear envelope. The forming blepharoplast consists of a sphere of
      lightly stained flocculent material within which 2 plaques separated by 40-50 nm
      arise. Each plaque possesses 2 dense layers (20 nm) separated by a light layer
      (10 nm). During subsequent development the distal layer of each plaque becomes
      progressively more densely stained. Light-staining channels appear within the
      accumulating dense material a-d 2 hemispherical blepharoplasts emerge. The
      blepharoplasts become spherical through continued growth and finally separate
      from each other as they move to the spindle poles during prophase of the last or
      9th division. The blepharoplast appears to act as a microtubule organizing centre
      during formation of the spindle apparatus in prophase of the 9th division. While
      it remains at the pole throughout mitosis it does not continue to serve as the
      focal point for the spindle tubules. During metaphase-anaphase of the 9th
      division the blepharoplast swells, and the channels at its surface begin
      transforming into procentrioles and finally basal bodies. The results support the
      contention that basal bodies in Marsilea arise de novo, since no preexisting
      template such as a centriolar pinwheel is observed and sine the intermediates
      which initially occur are structurally dissimilar from a procentriole.

PMID- 972176
TI  - Ultrastructural and enzymic modulation of HeLa cells induced by sodium butyrate
      and the effects of cytochalasin B and colcemid.
AB  - Sodium butyrate causes HeLa cells to assume an elongated and jagged shape.
      Ultrastructurally this change is associated with the formation of bundles of
      microfilaments. Desmosomes were present between adjacent cells. No increase in
      microtubules was observed in the butyrate-treated cells. Butyrate induces an
      increase in the activity of 2 membrane-bound enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and 5'
      nucleotidase; however, the activity of a third membrane enzyme, acetylcholine
      esterase, is reduced. The activities of the several other enzymes with different
      subcellular localizations are not significantly increased. Colcemid and
      cytochalasin B prevent or reverse the butyrate-mediated change in HeLa cell
      morphology and also partially inhibit the induction of alkaline phosphatase
      activity in these cells. The effect of cytochalasin B on alkaline phosphatase
      induction may be caused by a reduction in protein synthesis produced by this
      fungal metabolite.

PMID- 972177
TI  - Pollen-wall proteins: quantitative cytochemistry of the origins of intine and
      exine enzymes in Brassica oleracea.
AB  - Simultaneous coupling methods for detection of acid phosphatase and non-specific
      esterase produce a coloured reaction product that is quantitatively related to
      enzyme content in freeze-sectioned Brassica pollen and tapetal cells. The intine
      located acid phosphatase has 2 periods of synthesis: the first in late vacuolate
      period, associated with the completion of deposition of the intine
      polysaccharides; the second during pollen maturation, apparently reflecting
      cytoplasmic synthesis, Esterase activity accumulates in the tapetal cells until
      dissolution at early maturation period, when there is a dramatic rise in pollen
      wall esterase activity, reflecting the transfer from tapetum to exine cavities.
      These quantitative studies confirm the gametophytic and sporophytic origins of
      the intine and exine proteins.

PMID- 972178
TI  - Identification of Propionibacterium acnes and related organisms by precipitin
      tests with trichloroacetic acid extracts.
AB  - The serological identification of Propionibacterium acnes, P. granulosum, and P.
      avidum, using trichloroacetic acid extracts, is described. With antisera prepared
      against reference strains, the method has been tested on 142 strains recently
      isolated from human skin. All except two of the strains could be identified
      serologically, and there was excellent agreement between the serological results
      and the fermentation pattern of the strains. Two serological types of P. acnes
      and two of P. avidum were identified, but only one of P. granulosum.

PMID- 972179
TI  - Occurrence of Trichophyton megninii in Ontario. Identification with a simple
      cultural procedure.
AB  - Five strains of Trichophyton migninii were isolated in Toronto from four people.
      One patient probably was infected in Toronto since he had not visited the
      European endemic area. These were the first isolates made in Ontario; a
      requirement for L-histidine was determined. A cultural differentiation of T.
      migninii and T. rubrum is described. Attention is directed to the similarity of
      the metabolism for dextrose in Bromocresol purple milk dextrose agar by T.
      megninii and T. mentagrophytes which differs from T. rubrum.

PMID- 972180
TI  - Plaque assay of rabies virus on porcine kidney cell monolayers.
AB  - The ERA strain of rabies virus was adapted to growth on monolayers of a porcine
      kidney cell line (PK-2A). A reproducible plaque assay system was subsequently
      developed, which appears to be satisfactory for conducting plaque neutralization
      tests.

PMID- 972181
TI  - Photostatic copying of immunoelectrophoretic patterns with the use of color print
      filters.
AB  - Immunoelectrophoretograms can be replicated inexpensively, rapidly, and to scale
      by the use of color print filters on a photostatic copy machine. By this method
      additional copies are readily available for patient charts, permanent record, and
      any other use.

PMID- 972182
TI  - Comparison of urethral swabs, urine, and urinary sediment for the isolation of
      Chlamydia.
AB  - In 70 male patients with urethritis, Chlamydia was recovered from 18 urethral
      swabs (26%), 5 urinary sediments (7%), and 3 urine specimens (4%). All Chlamydia
      isolates were recovered from urethral swabs.

PMID- 972183
TI  - Retention of preservative levels of formaldehyde in desiccated biological
      products.
AB  - Concentrations ranging from 8 to 100% of the preservative level of formalin (37%
      formaldehyde solution) were retained by desiccated biologics, with most products
      retaining about 50% regardless of the amount originally present.

PMID- 972184
TI  - Retention of preservative levels of phenol in desiccated biological products.
AB  - Preservative levels of phenol retained by desiccated biological samples ranged
      from 3 to 73%, with highly proteinaceous samples retaining the most phenol.

PMID- 972185
TI  - Incidence of bacteremia in adults without infection.
AB  - To determine the incidence of bacteremia in healthy adults, blood cultures were
      obtained from 240 patients who had no demonstrable foci of infection. Five
      patients (2.1%) had positive blood cultures. Staphylococcus epidermidis was
      isolated from four patients and Alcaligenes faecalis from one. In each of these
      patients, the organism isolated probably represented contamination rather than
      bacteremia.

PMID- 972186
TI  - Clinical laboratory evaluation of the fifty-milliliter vacutainer blood culture
      tube.
AB  - The efficacy of the 50-ml vacutainer culture tube (Becton-Dickinson) for recovery
      of microorganisms from blood cultures was compared with laboratory-prepared blood
      culture media. The isolation of Bacteroides sp. was significantly higher in the
      50-ml vacutainer culture tube whereas that of nonfermenting gram-negative rods
      and yeasts was higher in the in-house media. There was no significant difference
      in the recovery of all other organisms.

PMID- 972187
TI  - Study on the usefulness of hypertonic culture media.
AB  - Specimens from 300 patients were studied using five to nine aerobic and anaerobic
      culture media, including five that were hypertonic, Groups studied included fever
      of unknown origin, suspected endocarditis, endocarditis during therapy,
      bacteremia during therapy, abscess and cellulitis, presumed infectious arthritis,
      renal transplantation during rejection, collagen disease, sarcoidosis, lymphoma,
      and colitis. Isolates in hypertonic media were reverted to parent form by agar
      passage. In only 5% of these selected cases were organisms found in hypertonic,
      but not conventional, media that appeared on the basis of repeated isolation
      and/or serological studies to come from the patient. Nine of the 16 appeared to
      be of major significance. The two groups in which use of highly enriched,
      hypertonic media seemed most helpful were suspected endocarditis and undefined
      meningitis with negative cultures using standard media. The most effective of the
      hypertonic media used was 0.3 M sucrose in brain heart infusion with 20% horse
      serum. In most instances, the organism grew only in the hypertonic sucrose, and
      in most cases it appeared in conventional rather than aberrant form. Hypertonic
      media, especially 0.3 M sucrose, are of substantial helpin a small number of
      carefully selected cases.

PMID- 972188
TI  - Septicemia due to Neisseria lactamica.
AB  - Neisseria lactamica was isolated from the blood of a pediatric patient who had
      signs of septicemia and otitis media. Organisms morphologically resembling
      Neisseria, as well as gram-positive cocci, were seen on a Gram stain of fluid
      from the middle ear. It is hypothesized that the N. lactamica septicemia was
      secondary to infection of the middle ear by this organism.

PMID- 972189
TI  - Critical analysis of hypertonic medium and agitation in detection of bacteremia.
AB  - Over 18,000 clinical specimens collected in Vacutainer tubes with sodium
      polyanethol sulfonate were inoculated into modified Columbia broth (MCB) with and
      without 10% sucrose. The effects of venting and shaking on recovery were studied.
      The volume of the blood had a definite effect on the recovery rate. When inoculum
      size was held constant, recovery of aerobic and facultative organisms was maximal
      in vented and shaken bottles; the presence of sucrose had no demonstrable effect,
      recovery of anaerobes was maximal using an unvented bottle incubated under
      stationary conditions; a significantly greater recovery of facultatives and a
      marginally greater recovery of anaerobes was obtained with the hypertonic
      formulation. We conclude that a hypertonic formulation of MCB offers no advantage
      in the recovery of anaerobes but is of value in the recovery of facultatives and
      anaerobes. It is recommended that blood cultures be routinely inoculated into
      isotonic MCB and then vented and shaken for at least 4 hours, and hypertonic MCB
      incubated without venting or shaking.

PMID- 972190
TI  - Method for phage typing group A type 49 streptococci.
AB  - A method of phage subtyping group A type 49 streptococci is described. The method
      is similar to that used for phage typing staphylococci, except that lysates
      obtained by induction with mitomycin C rather than propagated stock phages were
      used. Five type 49 strains were used as phage donors. Seventy-two strains of type
      49 streptococci isolated from 10 worldwide sources were examined by this method.
      Among these strains, five distinct subtypes (I through V) could be distinguished
      on the basis of their lytic patterns. Only a few of the type 49 strains could not
      be classified into one of these phage subtypes (6% using 100 X routine test
      dilution). Strains from a single source were generally homogeneous with respect
      to their phage subtype. The method proved useful in discriminating between type
      49 strains isolated from different geographical sources and from the same place
      in different years. Studies in progress suggest that it may be useful for
      subtyping other strains of special epidemiological interest, such as strains of
      other serological types associated with nephritis.

PMID- 972191
TI  - Bacteriocin (klebocin) sensitivity typing of klebsiella.
AB  - High-titer preparations of Klebsiella bacteriocins (klebocins) were obtained by
      using mitomycin to induce standard strains of Klebsiella. Of 296 clinical
      isolates of Klebsiella, 67% could be typed on the basis of their sensitivity to
      klebocins. The method proposed in this paper affords a standard basis for the
      further development of klebocin typing as a suitable procedure for hospital
      laboratories concerned with epidemiological investigations of hospital-associated
      infections. Evidence is also provided to show that high-titered klebocin typing
      can be used in conjunction with biochemical typing to provide a sensitive
      epidemiological marker for Klebsiella.

PMID- 972192
TI  - Primary isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex-serotype 6 on blood agar.
AB  - Mycobacterium avium complex-serotype 6 was isolated in pure culture on blood agar
      plates from inocula taken from the heart blood, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen
      of a naturally infected captive female opossum (Didelphis marsupialis
      virginiana). Repeat cultures from stored tissues and transfer of colonies from
      original blood agar plates revealed that the mycobacterium grew on tryptose,
      brilliant green, eosin-methylene blue. Sabouraud glucose, and mycobiotic agar
      plates and in Fletcher leptospira medium. The cultural, biochemical, and
      serological characteristics of the test isolate were compared with other
      mycobacteria. This is the first report to describe the primary isolation of a
      serotype from the M. avium complex from an animal species on blood agar or in
      Fletcher broth. In addition, this is the second documented report describing the
      isolation and identification of a mycobacterial species from the American
      opossum.

PMID- 972193
TI  - Caprylate-thallous agar medium for selectively isolating Serratia and its utility
      in the clinical laboratory.
AB  - A defined agar medium (hereinafter designated caprylate-thallous [CT5 agar)
      containing 0.01% yeast extract, 0.1% caprylic (n-octanoic) acid, and 0.025%
      thallous sulfate is highly selective for all Serratia species and effectively
      discriminates against most non-Serratia strains likely to be in the same
      habitats. The selectivity of CT agar is demonstrated by the very high efficiency
      of colony formation (mean, 80.7% of that on a nonselective complex medium) on CT
      agar by known Serratia strains and the very low efficiency of colony formation
      (close to zero) on CT agar by bacterial strains known not to be Serratia. The
      utility of this medium in actual clinical laboratory practice is demonstrated by
      the more rapid and higher recovery of Serratia on this selective medium as
      compared to conventional procedures of in-tandem runs of 513 consecutive urine,
      feces, and sputum specimens. Pigmented and nonpigmented Serratia strains
      deliberately added to fecal specimens can be selectively and quantitatively
      recovered on CT agar. CT agar compares favorably with, or in some cases is an
      improvement over, other selective media which have been recommended for isolating
      Serratia. This selective CT agar medium could be quite useful in ecological
      surveys, especially those related to hospital-acquired infections.

PMID- 972194
TI  - Recent experience with the complement fixation test in the laboratory diagnosis
      of rickettsial diseases in the United States.
AB  - Sera from patients suspected of having rickettsial infections were tested in the
      complement fixation test with antigens prepared from the rickettsiae of Rocky
      Mountain spotted fever (SF), rickettsial pox (RP), murine typhus, epidemic
      typhus, and from Rickettsia canada (RC). Eight units of antigen were used in all
      cases and two units in man. Only those patients with antibody titers of 1:16 or
      higher were included in the study. Largely on the basis of comparative titers,
      the patients were divided into two groups: 102 with SF and 35 with infections by
      one of the members of the typhus group. The antibody titers were higher with SF
      antigen than RP antigen in 72% of the SF patients, and in only two SF patients
      was the RP titer higher, and then by only one tube (twofold dilution). There
      seemed little advantage in including the RP antigen in the battery of rickettsial
      antigens. Cross-reaction with at least one of the typhus antigens was observed in
      the sera from 64% of the SF patients. It was extensive enough to be confusing
      (within one tube) in 17% with eight units of antigen, but the differentiation was
      more distinct with two units of antigen. The cross-reaction with typhus antigens
      was as frequent in children with SF as it was in adults; thus, it is unlikely
      that these cross-reactions resulted from previous typhus vaccination. The
      serological differentiation between murine typhus and epidemic typhus was
      frequently difficult, but the epidemiological background was distinct. Five
      patients had higher titers to RC antigen, and four of these may possibly have had
      RC infections.

PMID- 972195
TI  - Rapid method for the detection and identification of mycolic acids in aerobic
      actinomycetes and related bacteria.
AB  - A rapid method for the identification of lipids characteristic of the genera
      Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and the "rhodochrous group" has been
      developed. Modifications of previously described methods make this procedure
      suitable for use in the clinical laboratory. Thin-layer chromatography is used to
      demonstrate the presence of the lipid characteristic of Nocardia spp. (type A) in
      some corynebacteria, nocardias, and members of the "rhodochrous group."
      Precipitation in ether and ethanol is used to demonstrate the presence of
      mycobacterial mycolic acids. Since this procedure can be carried out in less than
      2 days and the lipids are extracted from the same batch of cells grown for
      diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell sugar analyses, it can readily be added to the
      battery of tests performed in reference laboratories that deal with aerobic
      actinomycetes and related bacteria.

PMID- 972196
TI  - Use of Mueller-Hinton agar as amylase testing medium.
AB  - Readily available Mueller-Hinton agar was used to detect starch hydrolysis by
      Streptococcus bovis.

PMID- 972197
TI  - The influence of phenobarbital on biotransformation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
AB  - Altered vitamin D metabolism has been implicated as a cause of anticonvulsant
      induced osteomalacia. Previous studies have demonstrated accelerated
      biotransformation of vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3). However,
      it is not known whether the 25-OHD3 is metabolized to 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3), the tissue-active metabolite of vitamin
      D3. This study using rats was undertaken to study the influence of phenobarbital
      on the biotransformation of 25-OHD3 to 1,25-(OH)2D3. The disappearance rate of 25
      OHD3 was virtually the same in the pheno-barbital-treated group (re = 0.0615
      pmole/min) and the control group (re - 0.0549 pmole/min). Similarly, the
      appearance rate of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was virtually the same in the treated group (ra =
      0.0133 pmole/min) and the control group (ra = 0.0134 pmole/min). These data
      suggest that phenobarbital does not affect the biotransformation of 25-OHD3 to
      1,25-(OH)2D3. The implication of this observation is that altered vitamin D
      metabolism does not account for phenobarbital-induced osteomalacia.

PMID- 972198
TI  - The effect of cycloserine on pyridoxine-dependent metabolism in tuberculosis.
AB  - Measurements were made of urinary tryptophan metabolites of 13 tuberculosis
      patients in order to reveal characteristics of pyridoxine-dependent metabolism
      before and during cycloserine treatment. The abnormally high level of xanthurenic
      acid excretion in untreated patients suggests a decreased availability of
      pyridoxal phosphate related to the disease process. Although plasma cycloserine
      levels were kept high once therapy began, xanthurenic acid excretion before and
      after tryptophan load became progressively more normal as symptoms diminished.
      This observation suggests that the convulsions which may sometimes accompany
      cycloserine administration are not due to a direct pyridoxine antagonism by the
      drug. Throughout the study, no significant changes in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
      excretion were observed. Presumably, the metabolic pathway of serotonin is
      unaffected by tryptophan loading, cycloserine administration, or the apparent
      pyridoxine depletion associated with tuberculosis.

PMID- 972199
TI  - The pharmacologic effect of aerosolized terbutaline sulfate in exercise-induced
      bronchospasm.
AB  - Bronchospasm can be induced in asthmatics when exercised according to a
      multistage branching treadmill protocol that allows them to achieve 80 per cent
      of maximal age-predicted heart rate. This degree of exercise is usually
      achievable and allows inducible bronchospasm to occur. This present study was
      undertaken to investigate the effect of terbutaline sulfate aerosol in exercise
      induced broncho-spasm. Asthmatics were exercised to 80 per cent of their maximal
      heart rate, and FEV1.0 and MMEFR were assessed while standing using a Jones
      Pulmonar II waterless spirometer at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after exercise. After a
      standard rest period defined by a return to baseline of FEV1.0, MMEFR, and heart
      rate for 30 minutes, the subjects were administered either 0.50 mg aerosolized
      terbutaline sulfate or placebo and then exercised again. The pulmonary function
      parameters were again recorded after this exercise. Preterbutaline and
      postplacebo exercise resulted in a significant reduction in FEV1.0 and MMEFR,
      while after treatment with terbutaline not only did bronchospasm not occur but
      bronchodilation occurred (P less than 0.01). Inhaled terbutaline appeared to
      normalize the exercise tolerance of the asthmatics and restore physiologic
      pulmonary airway conductance according to the parameters of FEV1.0 and MMEFR.

PMID- 972200
TI  - Patient compliance.

PMID- 972201
TI  - Electron microscopic autoradiographic studies of gliogenesis in rat optic nerve.
      I. Cell proliferation.
AB  - Electron microscopy and 3H-thymidine autoradiographic techniques were used to
      study the fine structure of proliferating cells in developing rat optic nerve.
      Before the closure of the optic canal almost all of the cells incorporating
      radioactive thymidine are ventricular cells, but after closure (16 days of
      gestation) the vast majority are differentiating astroblasts or
      oligodendroblasts. Labeled astroblasts show a range in their degree of
      differentiation; some cells lack 90 A cytoplasmic filaments while others have
      glial filaments and abundant cytoplasmic organelles. In contrast to astroblasts,
      all of the labeled oligodendroblasts are in the early stages of differentiation.
      The proliferation of oligodendroblasts starts at five days postnatal,
      approximately a day or two before the onset of myelination.During myelinogenesis
      a few of the labeled oligodendroblasts show presumptive connections to myelin
      sheaths. Microglial cells do not appear to play a major role in gliogenesis since
      they form less than 2% of all the labeled cells. The results of this study
      indicate that astroblasts and oligodendroblasts, rather than undifferentiated
      glioblasts, are the major source of macroglia. The finding that proliferating
      glia are in the processof differentiation agrees with recent studies which show
      that differentiated cells can divide.

PMID- 972202
TI  - Electron microscopic autoradiographic studies of gliogenesis in rat optic nerve.
      II. Time of origin.
AB  - The time of origin for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in rat optic nerve was
      studied by 3H-thymidine autoradiographic techniques similar to those used in
      dating the time of origin for neurons. This study shows that astrocytes are
      formed throughout late embryonic and all of postnatal development, while
      oligodendrocytes are generated only during the postnatal period. A few astroglia
      undergo their final cell division as early as 15.5 days of gestation, but most
      astrocytes are not generated until the first week of postnatal development.
      Although the final cell division for more than half of the astrocytes takes place
      before the end of the first postnatal week, fully mature, fibrous astrocytes are
      not observed in electron micrographs until after 14 days of age. This time lag
      implies that the differentiation of these early generated cells takes place
      gradually over a 2-to 3-week interval. Oligodendroglia begin their final division
      a day or two before the onset of myelination (6-7 days postnatal), but the vast
      majority are produced during the period of myelinogenesis. After almost all of
      the axons have been myelinated, oligodendrocytes are still being generated in
      small numbers. These late forming cells are generally less differentiated in
      appearance than those formed earlier; this suggests that the degree of
      differentiated of oligodendrocytes may be dependent upon the number of axons
      available for myelination. As with astrocytes, oligodendrocytes show a lag of
      about two weeks from the time of final cell division until they transform into
      morphologically differentiated cells. In transverse sections of the optic nerve
      heavily labeled neuroglia are randomly distributed, indicating there are no
      temporal-radial gradients for the individual cell types. This observation taken
      together with the other information obtained from the present and the previous
      study (Stoff et al., '76) strongly suggest that the factors controlling
      gliogenesis are different from those governing neuronogenesis.

PMID- 972203
TI  - Recovery from deafferentation by cricket interneurons after reinnervation by
      their peripheral field.
AB  - The physiological and morphological recovery of cricket (Acheta domesticus)
      abdominal giant interneurons following varying periods of deafferentation and
      subsequent regeneration was examined. The principal afferent input to two
      identified interneurons was removed by surgically ablating an abdominal sensory
      appendage, the cercus. Deafferentation restricts the growth of the dendrites of
      the medial giant interneuron. Reinnervation by the peripheral sensory field leads
      to recovery of the dendrite length which is dependent on the time allowed for
      recovery. The response properties of the reinnervated neurons never completely
      recovers irregardless of how short the period of deafferentation. Reinnervated
      neurons respond more weakly to standard tones than do control neurons. This is
      due in part to faciliation of an inhibitory synaptic input which is activated by
      the control cercus. The results suggest that the balance between the excitatory
      and the inhibitory synaptic inputs to these interneurons is irrevocably altered
      by brief periods of deafferentation early in life.

PMID- 972204
TI  - Cells of origin of entorhinal cortical afferents to the hippocampus and fascia
      dentata of the rat.
AB  - The pathway from the entorhinal cortical region to the hippocampal formation has
      previously been shown to be comprised of two sub-systems, one of which projects
      predominantly to the ipsilateral fascia dentata and regio inferior of the
      hippocampus proper, and a second which projects bilaterally to regio superior.
      The goal of the present investigation was to determine if these two pathways
      might originate from different cell populations within the entorhinal area. The
      cells of origin of these entorhinal pathways were identified by retrograde
      labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections which labeled the
      entorhinal terminal fields in both the fascia dentata and regio superior resulted
      in the retrograde labeling of two populations of cells in the entorhinal area.
      Ipsilateral to the injection, HRP reaction product was found in the cells of
      layer II (predominantly stellate cells) and the cells of layer III (predominantly
      pyramidal cells). Contralateral to the injections, however, the reaction product
      was found almost exclusively in the cells of layer III. With selective injections
      of the entorhinal terminal field in regio superior, only the cells of layer III
      were labeled, but these were labeled bilaterally. Selective injection of the
      entorhinal terminal field in the fascia dentata, however, resulted in the
      labeling of cells of layer II, but not of layer III, and these cells of layer II
      were labeled almost exclusively ipsilaterally. A very small number of labeled
      cells in layer II were, however, found contralateral to the injection as well. No
      labeled cells were found either in the presubiculum or parasubiculum following
      injections of the hippocampal formation. These cell populations were found
      capable of retrograde transport of HRP, however, since cells in both presubiculum
      and parasubiculum were labeled following HRP injections into the contralateral
      entorhinal area. These results suggest that the projections to the fascia dentata
      originate from the cells of layer II, while the projections to regio superior
      originate from the cells of layer III of the entorhinal region proper. The very
      slight crossed projection from the entorhinal area to the contralateral area
      dentata probably originates from the small population of cells in layer II which
      are labeled following HRP injections in the contralateral area dentata.

PMID- 972205
TI  - Method factors associated with assessment of child behavior: fact or artifact?
AB  - A sample of 64 phobic children between the ages of 6 and 16, with their general
      population matched controls, were rated by parents on the Louisville Behavior
      Check List and Louisville Fear survey and by School Behavior check list. The
      analysis of ratings by factor analysis revealed three instrument factors while a
      multiple discriminant analysis elicited a multidimensional phobic trait that
      crossed observers, situations, and instruments. The results are discussed in
      terms of the implications for multivariant analysis of behavior change as well as
      for classification of psychopathological disorders of childhood. The thesis is
      advanced that instrument factors elicited by factor analysis in psychotherapy
      change studies are statistical artifacts and that a multiple discriminant
      analysis is a more appropriate technique for the study of change as well as for
      classification.

PMID- 972206
TI  - The effects of biasing information on behavioral observations and rating scales.
AB  - The effects of biasing information on behavioral observations and rating scales
      were studied. Forty-one undergraduate students trained in making reliable
      behavioral observations were given differential expectations concerning the
      activity level of a target child. They then viewed videotape recordings of that
      child and tallied frequency counts of six behavioral categories simultaneously.
      In addition, subjects completed postexperimental rating scales composed of
      specific, identifiable behaviors in regard to the target child. Results indicated
      that, for the most part, neither the behavioral observations nor the rating
      scales were significantly affected by the biasing information. It is suggested
      that rating scales constructed of items as discrete and readily identifiable as
      those of behavioral observation measures may prove resistant to biasing effects.

PMID- 972207
TI  - The cheating and intention of a partner as determinants of evaluative decisions
      among juvenile offenders.
AB  - Male juvenile offenders were asked to evaluate the work of an experimental
      partner (confederate) who completed a work task four times. The work partner
      cheated on two trials and did not cheat on two trials while working for a charity
      (one cheat and one noncheat trial) or for selfish gain (one cheat and one
      noncheat trial). It was found that subjects rated the work done on cheating
      trials lower than work done on noncheating trials. In addition, subjects shared
      less reward money on cheating trials relative to noncheating trials. However, the
      intentions of the conferate, defined as the reward recipient, failed to affect
      subjects' judgments. These results were described as supporting previous studies
      which have indicated that delinquent fail to account of others' intentions when
      making moral judgments.

PMID- 972208
TI  - An experiment in social engineering in serving the families of predelinquents.
AB  - One hundred and two predelinquent adolescents were randomly assigned to one of
      two conditions: an experimental condition in which behavioral contracting
      services were offered both at home and in school or a control condition in which
      clients were told that they could not be accomodated by project therapists and
      were informed about the possibility of their receiving treatment in other
      programs in the community. Most of those who were assigned to the control
      condition did not avail themselves of services in these other programs. Results
      indicate that, relative to the controls, the behaviorally treated youth scored
      small but statistically significant improvement relative to the controls on five
      measures: ratings of school behavior by the person who originally referred them
      for service, by their teachers, by their mothers, and by their fathers, and
      ratings of their parent-child interactions as measured by their mothers. Gains
      were also reported in mother's ratings of their children's behavior at home. The
      failure of significant gains to be made in two measures of school performance-
      grades and attendance--is explained by the failure of the treatment techniques to
      over-come an age-related deterioration in these areas found among most children
      in the participating schools. The failure of fathers to find significant
      improvement in their relationships with the referred adolescents is viewed as a
      consequence of unanticipated changes in the intrafamilial balance of power
      resulting from contracting services. Finally, a subsidiary analysis showed that
      the contracting service appeared to offer the greatest gain to the
      demographically defined sub-groups of youths who are among the population-at-risk
      in many juvenile courts.

PMID- 972209
TI  - A motivational environment for behaviorally deviant junior high school students.
AB  - A contingency management program was established in a junior high school to
      better manage and educate students having histories of severe misconduct. School
      administration selected 46 eighth-graders having multiple suspensions for
      misbehavior. Students (N = 32) in two of the schools remained in traditional
      programs, serving as controls, whereas students (N = 14) in the third school
      participated in a token reinforcement program. Reinforcers provided in the
      afternoon were contingent upon achievement and discipline during morning academic
      periods. Home-based reinforcers were established to support school behavior.
      Compared with the control group, significant reductions in negative school
      behavior as well as greater increases in academic achievement were obtained for
      the treatment group, thus supporting the efficacy of contingency management for
      adolescents school misbehavior.

PMID- 972210
TI  - Time-out with children. Effects of an explanation and brief parent training on
      child and parent behaviors.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to determine the effect of an
      explanation prior to or after time-out on child compliance and on child
      disruptive behavior during time-out and (b) to determine the effect of brief
      parent training in time-out on child and parent behaviors. Thirty-two mother
      child pairs served as subjects and were assigned to one of the following four
      groups: control, time-out only, explanation prior to time-out, or explanation
      following time-out. Each mother-child pair was observed for one session under
      pretraining, training, and posttraining conditions. The results indicated that
      time-out significantly increased compliance but the addition of an explanation
      did not further alter the effectiveness of time-out. Training in the use of time
      out decreased the incidence of maternal interruptions but did affect maternal
      responses that were not trained. Finally, following brief time-out training for
      noncompliance, the mothers used the procedure only 50% of the time following
      noncompliance.

PMID- 972211
TI  - Overselectivity, developmental level, and overtraining in autistic and normal
      children.
AB  - Thirteen autistic children were compared to 13 normal children matched to them in
      mental age, on performance of a visual discrimination task. Form, color, and size
      were relevant and redundant cues. The groups did not differ significantly in mean
      trials to reach criterion or in breadth of learning, and both groups increased
      their breadth of learning after 50 trials of overtraining. Form was preferred to
      color and size by both autistic and normal children. Within each group, rank on
      mental age was highly correlated with rank in breadth of learning. Verbal and
      nonverbal autistic children did not differ in breadth of learning or in
      dimensional preference. Even nonverbal autistics equaled the performance of their
      normal controls. Our results suggest that overselective attention is better
      understood as part of a general developmental lag in cognition in autistic
      children than as a specific deficit underlying psychotic behavior.

PMID- 972212
TI  - Behavior problems of Anglo and Mexican-American children.
AB  - The present investigation compared Anglo (N = 1,999) and Mexican-American
      children (N = 192) on the four factors of the Behavior Problem Checklist (BPCL).
      Teachers provided general information and BPCL ratings. The Anglo children
      manifested more problems on three of the factors than did the Mexican-American
      children. Significant interactions of grade, sex, and social class with ethnic
      group were revealed for two of the factors.

PMID- 972213
TI  - Incidence of exercise-induced asthma in children.
AB  - The incidence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was studied in 134 asthmatic and
      102 nonasthmatic atopic children and compared to that in 56 nonatopic children.
      Pulmonary function tests measuring forced vital capacity (FVC) and 1-sec forced
      expiratory volume (FEV1) were performed on each child prior to and serially for
      20 min following free running exercise. The incidences of EIA among the asthmatic
      and atopic nonasthmatic children were 63% and 41%, respectively. This phenomenon
      is widespread among allergic children and cannot be accurately predicted from the
      history. A simple and easily performed outpatient procedure is described for the
      diagnosis of EIA.

PMID- 972214
TI  - Drugs containing tartrazine dye.

PMID- 972215
TI  - Diagnosis of food allergy by the radioallergosorbent test.
AB  - The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was positive in 52.5% of 200 sera
      representing 200 food hypersensitivities from 108 patients with a history of
      definite immediate-type reactions to foods. Corresponding prick test was
      performed for 170 of the sera. The latter test was positive in 70%, the RAST was
      positive in 52%, and iether prick test or RAST was positive in 74%. It is
      concluded that the RAST is positive less frequently than the prick test in the
      diagnosis of immediate-type food allergy in clinically sensitive patients, but
      that the performance of both tests increases slightly the possibility of
      confirming the diagnosis. However, the RAST is useful for further evaluating
      positive prick tests with foods that do not correlate with clinical
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 972216
TI  - Properties of benzopyrene-DNA complexes investigated by fluorescence and triplet
      flash phytolysis techniques.

PMID- 972217
TI  - Studies in the chiroptical properties of selenoamino acids.

PMID- 972218
TI  - Polarization characteristics of flavin spectra. Specular reflectivity of bis(10
      methylisoalloxazine)copper(II) perchlorate tetrahydrate.

PMID- 972219
TI  - The chemical evolution of a nitrogenase model. 12. Stoichiometric reduction of
      acetylene and of molecular nitrogen by mononuclear cyano complexes of
      oxomolybdate(IV).

PMID- 972220
TI  - Interaction of alpha-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester with the receptor
      site of the sweet taste bud.

PMID- 972221
TI  - Conformational studies on peptides. X-ray structure determinations of six N
      methylated cyclic dipeptides derived from alanine, valine, and phenylalanine.

PMID- 972222
TI  - On the correlation between three-dimensional structure and reactivity for a
      series of locked substrates of chymotrypsin.

PMID- 972223
TI  - Manganese(II) and Manganese(III) 8-quinolinol complexes. Redox model for
      mitochondrial superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 972224
TI  - The structure of xylomollin, a secoiridoid hemiacetal acetal.

PMID- 972225
TI  - Models for copper-containing proteins: five-coordinate complexes of copper(I)

PMID- 972226
TI  - The conversion of berberine into (+/-)-alpha- and (+/-)-beta-hydrastine.

PMID- 972227
TI  - Alkylation of polyguanylic acid at the 2-amino group and phosphate by the potent
      mutagen (+/-)-7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9beta,10beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene.

PMID- 972228
TI  - The structure of chetomin.

PMID- 972229
TI  - Structure of an antineoplastic agent from Streptomyces griseoluteus.

PMID- 972230
TI  - The Ene reaction as a route to 3-hydroxycyclopentanone derivatives. Application
      to the prostaglandins.

PMID- 972231
TI  - Austin, a novel polyisoprenoid mycotoxin from Aspergillus ustus.

PMID- 972232
TI  - Optical detection of magnetic resonance of glucagon and glucagon peptides in
      solution. A conformational change related to critical length of the peptide
      chain.

PMID- 972233
TI  - The irreversible inhibition of mouse brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-alpha
      ketoglutaric acid transaminase by gabaculine.

PMID- 972234
TI  - Reactivation of tuberculosis: a problem of aging.
AB  - Six examples demonstrate the reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly
      patients. In 3 cases the tuberculosis became reactivated 25, 47 and 51 years
      respectively after the initial diagnosis. In aged patients with pulmonary
      symptoms and abnormal x-ray findings, the presence of reactivated tuberculosis
      should always be considered. Sometimes steroid or x-ray therapy for other disease
      may be the reactivating factor.

PMID- 972235
TI  - Femorotibial bypass in the elderly for revascularization of the severely ischemic
      lower extremity.
AB  - In the elderly, revascularization of a severely ischemic lower extremity with
      occlusion of both femoral and popliteal arteries often can be achieved by
      surgical construction of a distal bypass to the tibial or peroneal arteries. An
      aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach is necessary, in an attempt to
      prevent recourse to primary amputation. Femoroperoneal or femorotibial bypass can
      be performed safely and is recommended in elderly patients with advanced ischemia
      of a lower extremity with absolute indications for surgical intervention, e.g.,
      gangrene, gangrenous ulceration or rest pain. A significant number of limbs can
      be salvaged by this method. Although the mortality rate in the older age groups
      is predictably higher, the overall rate for this operation compares favorably
      with that for primary amputation.

PMID- 972236
TI  - Physician's attitudes toward the ill aged and nursing homes.
AB  - A survey of physicians in private practice (exclusive of pediatricians) was
      conducted in a medium sized suburban city in the New York metropolitan area, to
      determine whether physicians' attitudes toward the ill aged and nursing homes
      were predictors of the quality of medical care available to area nursing home
      patients. Questionnaires were circulated to 302 practitioners. Of the 28 percent
      who responded, 32 percent were psychiatrists, 15 percent primary care physicians
      and 8 percent orthopedists. Physicians felt competent to manage the ill aged,
      although 50 percent had had no significant degree of exposure to geriatric
      medicine in their medical education, and 70 percent of the primary care group had
      had none. Primary care and older physicians were more likely to treat patients in
      nursing homes. Almost 40 percent viewed the nursing home as a place to die.
      Although 85 percent studied that physicians should be involved in the nursing
      home displacement process, only 21 percent believed that they continued to be in
      charge of their patients after placement. The findings demonstrate generalized
      medical disinterest in the care of ill aged patients in institutions. The persons
      responsible for awarding government grants and those involved in planning medical
      school curricula should pay more attention to the needs of the chronically ill
      aged.

PMID- 972237
TI  - Effect of size on the function of three day hospitals: the case for the small
      unit.
AB  - The work load of three day hospitals attached to active departments of Geriatric
      Medicine was studied over a one-year period. A significant difference in the
      functional efficiency of the three units was noted. The smaller 12-place and 15
      place units provided effective short-term rehabilitation, whereas the 28-place
      unit did not. Size seemed to be the major factor in the success or failure of a
      given unit. This study throws serious doubts upon the wisdom of a policy of
      building large day hospitals with all their accompanying problems of staffing and
      transport. An effective unit for out-patient rehabilitation can be provided with
      10 to 15 places per day if the staff members are chiefly remedial therapists. In
      the districts studied, a provision of 0.5 place per 1,000 of the population aged
      65 or older would have been sufficient to meet the perceived need for
      rehabilitation. However, this would not have been sufficient to satisfy the
      requirement for out-patient investigation and medical treatment on a day basis.

PMID- 972238
TI  - Use of the Holter electrocardiographic monitor in the diagnosis of transient
      ischemic attacks.
AB  - The diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks usually is based on an accurate
      history and physical examination (with the finding of carotid bruits), a complete
      neurologic examination, a brain scan, an encephalogram and an angiogram. Recently
      the Holter technique for continuous 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring has
      been used as a diagnostic aid in these problem cases. Severe bradycardia, sick
      sinus syndrome, tachy-brady syndrome, recurrent tachycardia and heart block have
      been found to be the cause of the central-nervous-system symptoms in aged
      atherosclerotic patients. Correction with anti-arrhythmia drugs and pacemakers,
      with or without carotid endarterectomy, has been highly successful. Data are
      presented on 204 patients tested by Holter monitoring over a 2.5-year period in a
      small community hospital; 6 cases are illustrated in detail. The Holter monitor
      is a valuable tool in evaluating the patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency.

PMID- 972239
TI  - Behavioral change in the chronicity pattern of dementia in the institutional
      geriatric resident.
AB  - To determine whether behavioral change as a result of environmental stimulation
      can be reported in individualized terms for the aged with organic brain syndrome
      or senile dementia, a program of multimodal group interactive therapy was started
      in an extended care facility. During a 1.5-year period, the study included 108
      residents, whose average age was 84 years. The technique used was a combination
      of modified Reality Orientation, Remotivation, Activity and Milieu therapies.
      Thirteen groups residing in different wings of the facility were treated for 55
      sessions by 11 activity specialists and 2 elderly volunteers under the
      supervision of the consulting clinical psychologist. Data were collected on
      emerging behavioral changes with respect to awareness, attention, verbalized
      ideation, voice quality, speech quantity, sociability, self-care, quality of
      affect, energy level, expressed somatic concern and physical movement. Of the
      initial 108 residents, 80 had chronic brain syndrome of varying severity or
      senile dementia. During treatment, 35 of these 80 residents (44 percent) were
      improved, 17 (20 percent) were unchanged, 14 (18 percent) became worse, and 14
      (18 percent) remained unrated. The results warrant a redifinition of the
      psychotherapeutic approach. It should include factors other than the severity and
      chronicity of disease in determining the prognosis for behavioral change in
      geriatric institutional residents.

PMID- 972240
TI  - Tocopherol contents of nine vegetable frying oils, and their changes under
      simulated deep-fat frying conditions.

PMID- 972242
TI  - Economic security and professional reality.

PMID- 972241
TI  - Cyclopropenoid fatty acids in seed oils of Sida acuta and Sida rhombifolia
      (Malvaceae).

PMID- 972243
TI  - Attitudes of rural consumers and physicians toward expanded roles for
      pharmacists.

PMID- 972244
TI  - Foreign medical graduates' view of some pharmacy issues.

PMID- 972245
TI  - Clinical psychiatry and psychopharmacology--a review.

PMID- 972246
TI  - The pharmacist as a consultant to children with chronic diseases.

PMID- 972247
TI  - Pharmacy malpractice: current status and trends.

PMID- 972248
TI  - Prescription and nonprescription anorexiants.

PMID- 972249
TI  - Inheritance of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase variants in Culex pipiens
      quinquefasciatus Say.
AB  - The formal genetics of two variants of a 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase locus
      of the adult mosquito, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, was analyzed by starch gel
      electrophoresis. These two alleles, PgdF and PgdS are codominant, and autosomally
      inherited, and appear to be linked to the Pgm locus by 27 crossover units in
      linkage group III.

PMID- 972250
TI  - Selection effects on a linked neutral locus.
AB  - Selection changes the frequency of alleles at a linked locus as well as at those
      under selection if the population is not in linkage equilibrium. The magnitude of
      this frequency change depends on the tightness of the linkage, the selection
      intensity, and the deviation from linkage equilibrium. Allowing a population to
      mate randomly without selection brings the population closer to linkage
      equilibrium. This decreases the effect of selection on allelic frequencies at a
      linked neutral locus. However, if linkage is very tight it can take many
      generations to make a large difference in the effect of the linked locus. The
      loss due to undesirable changes in allelic frequencies at linked loci when the
      population is not in linkage equilibrium must be weighed against the time and
      effort saved by beginning intense selection for the primary trait in an early
      generation. Effects of selection intensity, linkage intensity, and delayed
      selection on changes in allelic frequency at a neutral linked locus are
      demonstrated.

PMID- 972251
TI  - Inheritance of limber legs in Jersey cattle.
AB  - Pedigree information from 105 cases of limber leg Jersey calves indicate that
      this semilethal abnormality is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive. The
      increased incidence of this abnormality in recent years suggests a rise in the
      gene frequency, probably due to the popularity and widespread use of a carrier
      bull Favorite Commando, his daughter Marlu Milady, and many of their descendants.
      Steps to control this abnormality have been taken by the American Jersey Cattle
      Club.

PMID- 972252
TI  - A further study of the inheritance of racing performance in thoroughbred horses.
AB  - In an analysis of handicap ratings of 1158 3-year-old thoroughbred racehorses,
      estimates were obtained for the effects of sex differences, the correlation
      between mates, the effectiveness of selection in males and females, and the
      heritability of racing performance. The results agreed closely with those of a
      previous study, and indicated a heritability of about 0.35 to 0.40, some
      assortative mating, and highly effective selection for performance.

PMID- 972253
TI  - Chromosome complexity in the Indian long-tailed tree mouse.
AB  - The chromosomes of the Indian long-tailed tree mouse, Vandeleuria oleracea
      nilagirica, have been studied in both sexes and the diploid number established to
      be 2n = 28 with a simple XX/XY sex chromosome mechanism. The sex chromosome
      polymorphism encountered in different taxa is discussed in the light of the
      present findings.

PMID- 972254
TI  - Black bands on a starch gel stained for serum esterases in red grouse.
AB  - From 36 crosses of red grouse (Lagopus l. scoticus), 136 offspring were coded for
      a new locus (Rg). The three possible phenotypes were probably determined by two
      codominant alleles at an autosomal locus.

PMID- 972255
TI  - The variation of recurrence risks with penetrance for isolated cases of autosomal
      dominant conditions.
AB  - The relationship between the penetrance and the recurrence risk for sibs of
      isolated cases of autosomal dominant conditions with incomplete penetrance is
      presented.

PMID- 972256
TI  - Presidential address: our forgotten majorities.

PMID- 972257
TI  - Immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of IgA in skin of patients with dermatitis
      herpetiformis.
AB  - Ultrastructural localization of in vivo-bound IgA in the skin of patients with
      dermatitis herpetiformis was determined by using a modified peroxidase
      antiperoxidase multistep method. Three types of reaction product deposition are
      seen. The most common type of reaction product deposition, that which is
      identified by direct immunofluorescence as the speckled type of IgA deposit,
      shows up as clumps and yarnlike fibrils. The second type of IgA deposition, which
      is a linear band by direct immunofluorescence, appears to be associated with
      anchoring fibrils. The third of IgA deposition, which is also linear by
      immunofluorescence, is confined to the lamina lucida.

PMID- 972258
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in skin of patients with
      dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - A multistep immunocytochemical method utilizing horseradish peroxidase as an
      immunologically bound marker was used to detect and localize IgA deposits in skin
      of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis at the ultrastructural level. IgA was
      found in the upper papillary dermis forming irregular aggregates in seemingly
      haphazard distribution. These aggregates were associated with microfibrillar
      bundles and with the microfibrillar component of the elastic tissue. IgA was also
      detected on anchoring fibrils, but showed no topical relationship to the basal
      lamina which was always spared. This finding indicates that basal lamina
      components do not serve as target sites for the immunologic reaction occurring in
      dermatitis herpetiformis. The selective affinity of IgA deposits to
      microbfibrillar bundles may be relevant to the hypothesis that the skin pathology
      in dermatitis herpetiformis is caused by circulating gluten-antigluten complexes,
      trapped in the skin by reticulin-bound antireticulin antibodies which cross-react
      with gluten.

PMID- 972259
TI  - Prolonged ultraviolet light-induced erythema and the cutaneous carcinoma
      phenotype.
AB  - A considerable amount of evidence exists in support of the role of ultraviolet
      radiation as a major etiologic factor in human skin cancer, both melanoma and
      carcinoma types. On the basis of epidemiologic studies a phenotype has been
      described which helps to identify the persons who are more susceptible to skin
      cancer. In an attempt to further define this population, patients with cutaneous
      carcinoma and a normal control group were exposed to artificial ultraviolet light
      (UVL) and the erythema and tanning responses of each group were measured over a
      21-day period. UVL-induced erythema was prolonged in a significantly higher
      percentage of patients with skin cancer than in control patients, lasting two to
      three weeks after single exposures to 6 and 8 times the patient's minimal
      erythema dose. The presence of prolonged erythema correlated with this history of
      previous skin cancer but did not correlate with other established risk factors
      for cutaneous carcinoma, i.e., fair skin, light hair and light eyes, easy
      sunburning and poor tanning, and Celtic ancestry. Prolonged erythema following
      UVL radiation may therefore represent an additional risk factor and help to
      identify the skin cancer-susceptible population.

PMID- 972260
TI  - Randomized trial of a hexachlorophene preparation and P-300 bacteriostatic soaps.
AB  - Twenty-six patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute leukemia on a protected
      environment-prophylactic antibiotic program were randomly assigned to bathe with
      either P-300 or a 3% hexachlorophene preparation. Both agents substantially
      reduced the microbial flora of the skin, but the latter preparation was slightly
      more effective. The bacteriostatic compounds in both preparations were absorbed
      through the skin but no toxic effects were observed.

PMID- 972261
TI  - 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA promote sister-chromatid exchanges.
AB  - 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and long-wave UV light (UVA 365 nm) are now being use
      to treat vitiligo and psoriasis. Cultured human lymphocytes exposed to these
      agents in vitro show an increased infrequency of sister chromatid exchanges,
      related to 8-MOP-DNA photoadducts. Although these data raise questions regarding
      the biologic consequences of this therapeutic regimen, it is unknown whether 8
      MOP and UVA cause mutations or extracutaneous somatic cell recombinants in vivo.
      Exchanges may represent cellular repair of DNA damage.

PMID- 972262
TI  - Renal glycosuria due to gentamicin in rabbits.
AB  - Gentamicin sulfate was given to rabbits for four weeks in two dosage regimens,
      either 4 or 8 mg/kg subcutaneously twice a day. Two of the seven animals in each
      group regained nearly normal renal function after a transient rise in the level
      of serum creatinine, but the remainder developed severe renal failure leading to
      the death of all but one of these rabbits. None of the animals showed significant
      hyperglycemia, buy glycosuria appeared in all and was significantly correlated
      with the extent of renal damage. These findings demonstrate gentamicin-induced
      derangement of proximal tubular function and thus amplify the previously
      demonstrated histologic changes due to the drug. When the drug was administered
      twice daily, there was marked nephrotoxicity in rabbits given dosages of
      gentamicin only slightly higher than those employed clinically.

PMID- 972263
TI  - Hepatitis B surface antigen in environmental samples from hemodialysis units.
AB  - For assessment of environmental contamination with hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBS Ag), the presence of blood and of HBS Ag was determined in samples from two
      completely separated hemodialysis units. Samples from mucosal and skin surfaces
      and samples of saliva from patients were also investigated. The surfaces of both
      units were divided into epidemiological categories to determine the distribution
      of environmental contamination with HBS Ag. HBS Ag was determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Oral samples from all patients seropositive for HBS Ag were
      psoitive for HBS Ag. The rectum and the skin were positive in three instances.
      The presence of blood did not coincide with HBS Ag. In the unit in which HBS Ag
      positive patients were treated, 4.3% of the total samples were HBS Ag-positive.
      Of the samples that were free of blood, 1.5% were HBS Ag-positive, whereas 18.5%
      of the blood-contaminated samples contained the antigen. HBS Ag-positive samples
      were taken from surfaces in the immediate environment of HBS Ag-positive
      patients, as well as from surfaces with which patients had no direct physical
      contact. The data lead to the conclusion that spilled blood and hemodialysis
      equipment are not the only sources of contamination. This fact implies that HBS
      Ag-positive patient undergoing hemodialysis should be completely separated from
      HBS Ag-negative patients.

PMID- 972264
TI  - Coagulopathy in experimental sepsis with Streptococcus pneumoniae in rabbits:
      effect of drug therapy and splenectomy.
AB  - The cause of death in bacteremia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae remains unclear.
      The role of intravascular coagulation and splenectomy was investigated in rabbits
      with lethal pneumococcal bacteremia. The staphylococcal clumping titer in serum,
      a measure of fibrin degradation products, increased early and persisted until
      death. This titer correlated with the level of bacteremia. The partial
      thromboplastin time and platelet-rich plasma clotting time also increased as the
      disease worsened. However, the prothrombin time remained normal. 125I-labeled
      fibrinogen was cleared normally from the plasma of infected rabbits, whether
      intact or splenectomized. Similarly, the concentration of fibrogen in plasma
      remained normal, even though the level of fibrin degradation products increased,
      and no difference in these parameters was noted between intact and splenectomized
      rabbits. Fibrin deposition could not be detected in any of the organs studied.
      Neither the level of fibrin degradation products nor survival was affected by
      treatment with hydrocortisone, hexadimethrine, cytochrome c, carboxypeptidase B,
      epsilon-aminocaproic acid, or heparin. These data suggest that intravascular
      coagulation occurs in this experimental infection prior to the onset of shock but
      probably plays only a minor role in lethality.

PMID- 972265
TI  - Significance of diuresis-provoked bacteriuria.
AB  - Of 52 clinically healthy, ambulant elderly subjects with urine that was sterile
      or contained less than 0.2 X 10(5) bacteria/ml before diureisi, 11 (21.2%)
      responded to oral water loading and intravenous treatment with furosemide with a
      bacterial excretion rate of greater than 2.4 X 10(5)/min. Subjects with
      bacteriuria had decreased blood pressure, rate of creatinine clearance, maximal
      level of urinary creatinine, and maximal urinary flow. Twenty-nine of the
      nonbacteriuric and eight of the subjects who developed bacteriuria after diuresis
      were retested one to two years later. No subject had received antibacterial
      agents in the interim. The infections of four of the original subjects who had
      developed bacteriuria had cleared up and showed functional improvement. The
      remaining four subjects who had developed bacteriuria during the first study and
      three subjects who had been nonbacteriuric during the first study had
      concentrations of bacteria ranging from 0.05 X 10(5) to 1.80 X 10(5)/ml before
      diuresis in the second study, and excreted increasing numbers of bacteria (from
      0.12 X 10(5) to 9.0 X 10(5)/min) in response to the diuretic loading. Two of the
      subjects who were bacteriuric in both surveys were infected with different
      bacteria during the two studies. The data show the high frequency of occult
      bacteriuria in ostensibly healthy elderly patients that is revealed only by
      forced diuresis, the detectable functional deficits, the improvement after
      clearing of the infections, and the rapid turnover between infected and clear
      periods.

PMID- 972266
TI  - Studies on opacity factor production by pharyngeal isolates of group A
      streptococci.
AB  - Production of opacity factor (OF) by 841 pharyngeal isolates of group A
      streptococci from schoolchildren in Casper, Wyoming was studied along with T- and
      M-typing of the streptococcal strains. The majority (89%) of M-typable strains
      were OF-negative in contrast to M-nontypable isolates, 45% of which were OF
      positive. There was no apparent relation between the production of OF by the M
      nontypable isolates and the type of infection (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic),
      degree of positivity of initial culture, antistreptolysin O response, and failure
      to eradicate the organisms by treatment with antibiotics. However, seasonal
      shifts in the prevalence of M-nontypable OF-positive strains provided evidence of
      change in streptococcal ecology, such a shift would not have been detected by T
      typing alone. Thus, OF production is an additional epidemiologic marker that is
      helpful in differentiating M-nontypable group A strains that bear common T
      antigens.

PMID- 972267
TI  - Algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. XV. Leprosy.

PMID- 972268
TI  - Intravenous injection of gentamicin and tobramycin without impairment of hearing.
AB  - The aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin and tobramycin were given to six
      healthy volunteers by intravenous injection. A dose of 80 mg was injected within
      1 min. The curves relating serum concentration to time did not differ
      significantly for the two drugs. The maximal serum concentrations of drug
      exceeded 10 mug/ml on seven of 12 occasions. Despite these high concentrations,
      loss of hearing was not significant at any frequency (1,000-8,000 Hz) up to one
      month after injection. It is suggested that the aminoglycoside antibiotics
      penetrate into the inner ear lymph very slowly and that the concentration at that
      site is relatively unaffected by transient high concentrations of antibiotic in
      the blood plasma.

PMID- 972269
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered tobramycin in normal volunteers
      and in renal-impaired and hemodialyzed patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered tobramycin, an aminoglycoside
      antibiotic, were studied in 16 volunteers with normal renal function and 10
      patients with different degrees of renal impairment. In all subjects, the
      disappearance of tobramycin from serum followed first-order kinetics, and the
      elimination rate constant decreased proportionally with increasing degree of
      renal impairment. The half-life average 82 min in normal subjects (endogenous
      creatinine clearance, greater than 80 ml/1.73 m2 per min) and was 33.7 hr in a
      totally anephric subject. Linear relations were defined between the half-life of
      tobramycin in serum and the reciprocal of the endogenous creatinine clearance and
      between the half-life of the drug and the concentration of serum creatinine.
      These relations may be used for dosage adjustment in patients with renal
      impairment. In hemodialyzed patients, the half-life decreased six- to ninefold
      during dialysis for 6 hr. The extent of tobramycin elimination by hemodialysis
      may be predicted from relations established between the elimination of tobramycin
      and that of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Dosage schedules must be
      compatible with the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties of the
      antibiotic.

PMID- 972270
TI  - Administration of tobramycin and gentamicin by the intravenous route every 6 hr
      in patients with normal renal function.
AB  - The feasibility and safety of administration of tobramycin and gentamicin in
      every 6 hr rather than every 8 hr was studied in 18 patients with normal renal
      function. Eleven patients received tobramycin in a dose of 1.0-3.2 mg/kg every 6
      hr, and seven received gentamicin in a dose of 1.4-2.0 mg/kg every 6 hr. The mean
      peak serum concentrations, excluding the levels in the three children given
      tobramycin, were 5.5 and 5.8 mug/ml in each group, respectively, after maximal
      dosage; trough levels 2 hr before the next dose were less than or equal to 1.8
      mug/ml in both groups of patients. Neither drug accumulated in the serum when the
      dosage regimen was maintained for three to 19 days. There was no evidence of
      nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity. Administration of tobramycin and gentamicin every
      6 hr seems to be a reasonable program for patients with normal renal function,
      pending further studies on safety.

PMID- 972271
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in rats with reduced renal parenchyma and in
      experimental shock.
AB  - Ten days after four-fifths nephrectomy in rats (four-fifths of the renal
      parenchyma removed), the total and renal elimination constants of tobramycin were
      lowered by one-half. The biological half-life of tobramycin doubled. These
      results suggest that soon after nephrectomy the residual nephrons are able to
      increase the rate of excretion of tobramycin. The increase in mass of the
      remaining renal tissue between day 10 and day 80 after nephrectomy had no effect
      on the biological half-life, on the total and renal elimination constants, and on
      the renal clearance of tobramycin. During endotoxin shock and burn shock,
      concentrations of tobramycin in serum decreased at a slower rate. The highest
      serum concentrations of tobramycin were observed in rats with shock due to burns.

PMID- 972272
TI  - Comparison of urinary excretion of tobramycin and gentamicin in adults.
AB  - The urinary excretion of tobramycin and gentamicin was measured after
      intramuscular injections of 1 mg of each drug/kg in six normal volunteers. The
      antibiotics were assayed by the adenylyltransferase enzymatic method, which
      enables urine concentrations to be estimated accurately without dependence on
      urinary pH. The levels of the antibiotics in urine varied with the urine volume.
      The concentration of gentamicin was greater than 113 mug/ml and that of
      tobramycin was greater than 94 mug/ml 1 hr after administration. Urinary
      excretion of both antibiotics was rapid; 63.5% of the gentamicin and 74% of the
      tobramycin was excreted with 24 hr, with a large proportion being excreted by 4
      hr after injection. There was a striking uniformity of individual values, and the
      method offers considerable advantages over existing microbiologic assays.

PMID- 972273
TI  - Single daily doses of tobramycin in therapy of urinary tract infections.
AB  - Results of therapy with tobramycin for infections caused by susceptible pathogens
      have been impressive. The usual multiple dose regimen is aimed at maintenance of
      the serum concentration of tobramycin above the minimal inhibitory concentration
      of the causative pathogen throughout the course of therapy. Evidence is
      accumulating, however, that the urinary concentration of antibiotics may be of
      greater importance than the serum concentration in the treatment of urinary tract
      infections. This concept has been supported by results of studies with
      nitrofurantoin, naladixic acid, tetracycline, and, more recently, gentamicin. The
      present study of 90 patients with urinary tract infections treated with a single
      intramuscular daily dose of tobramycin resulted in round-the-clock urinary levels
      of tobramycin that exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration of the offending
      pathogen. The clinical and bacteriologic response to therapy was excellent, and
      no oto- or nephrotoxicity occurred. This regimen frequently allows for therapy on
      an outpatient basis, fewer painful injections for the patient, and the saving of
      nursing time and expensive supplies.

PMID- 972274
TI  - Comparison of tobramycin and gentamicin in the treatment of complicated urinary
      tract infections.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of intramuscular administration of either of the two
      aminoglycoside antibiotics tobramycin and gentamicin every 8 hr for seven days
      were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 75 elderly male patients with
      complicated urinary tract infections. All bacteria were sensitive to both
      antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. The two groups of patients (each
      receiving one of the two drugs) were comparable in terms of infecting
      microorganisms and underlying pathology of the urinary tract (mostly prostatic
      hyperplasia or carcinoma and urethral strictures). No patients had indwelling
      catheters. All patients had normal renal function (serum creatinine, less than or
      equal to 1.5 mg/100 ml and/or blood urea nitrogen, less than or equal to 25
      mg/100 ml). In both groups 64% of the patients were cured of the infection, with
      cure defined as a negative urine culture result seven days after discontinuation
      of therapy. A statistically but not clinically significant increase in the level
      of serum creatinine in both groups of patients was noted after treatment.

PMID- 972275
TI  - Laboratory and clinical evaluation of tobramycin, a new aminoglycoside
      antibiotic.
AB  - The in vitro susceptibility to tobramycin of 1,466 bacterial isolates, including
      several genera and strains of common pathogenic gram-negative bacilli and
      Staphylococcus aureus, was determined by conventional serial dilution methods.
      Tobramycin exhibited marked in vitro antibacterial activity; almost all of the
      isolates tested were inhibited by less than or equal to 2.5 mug of the drug/ml.
      The antibiotic was used in the treatment of several types of infection in 29
      patients with normal renal function. Observations were made on the therapeutic
      and secondary effects of the drug and on possible toxicity to the eighth cranial
      nerve. Clinical therapeutic results were satisfactory, The hearing of one patient
      was impaired, but the relation of this effect to tobramycin therapy is uncertain.
      Serum levels of the antibiotic were measured in 10 patients to investigate
      whether the drug accumulated during repeated administration. Mean serum levels of
      tobramycin 1 hr after intramuscular injection of 1.0 mg/kg were between 2.5 and
      3.0 mug/ml on days 1, 3, and 6 of therapy. No accumulation of the antibiotic was
      observed after repeated administration.

PMID- 972276
TI  - Tobramycin in pediatric use.
AB  - The new aminoglycoside antibiotic, tobramycin, was used for treatment of gram
      negative and staphylococcal infection in 38 neonates, infants, and children in a
      pediatric surgical unit. Levels of drug in serum after administration by
      intramuscular, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes were monitored, and
      control of infections was generally good within the therapeutic range of 2.0-10.0
      mug/ml with a standard dosage regimen of approximately 5 mg/kg per day.
      Impairment of renal function and concurrent lincomycin therapy were important
      factors causing variation of levels in serum outside this range. Levels of
      tobramycin in cerebrospinal fluid after intraventricular instillation varied
      greatly in one patient, but were satisfactory in another. Clinical and
      bacteriological assessment of results indicated only two failures of treatment,
      although infection with a known resistant organism supervened in three cases.
      Screening for renal, hepatic, and hematological toxicity revealed only one case
      of transient and reversible renal impairment. Response to tobramycin therapy was
      generally rapid and satisfactory in a group of young patients with moderately
      severe infections, many of which were complicated by the presence of a congenital
      anomaly.

PMID- 972277
TI  - Tobramycin and cephalothin sodium in treatment of infected patients with acute
      leukemia.
AB  - Tobramycin has been shown to be safe and effective when given intravenously in
      combination antibiotic therapy for infected patients with acute leukemia or other
      profound pancytopenic states. Tobramycin in combination with one or more
      antibiotics (usually cephalothin) produced satisfactory clinical results in 21 of
      30 episodes of fever. Toxic effects were minimal and were limited to occasional
      mild thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 972278
TI  - Tobramycin and cephalothin for treatment of suspected sepsis in neutropenic
      children with cancer.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of tobramycin and cephalothin in treatment of suspected
      sepsis were studied in neutropenic children with various malignancies. Twenty
      episodes of suspected sepsis in 19 febrile children with cancer were treated with
      parenteral tobramycin and cephalothin; the duration of therapy ranged from one to
      80 days. In 14 of the 20 episodes of suspected sepsis, a favorable clinical
      response was achieved within five days after initiation of antibiotic therapy.
      These episodes included a urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis and
      sepsis due to Escherichia coli. In four of the additional six episodes, clinical
      deterioration was though to be caused by the underlying malignancies. Two
      episodes included a case of E. coli spesis that ended fatally and a nosocomial
      infection with Eikenella corrodens. Results of this study suggest that
      combination therapy with tobramycin and cephalothin is safe and efficacious in
      treatment of suspected sepsis in febrile children with malignancies and
      neutropenia.

PMID- 972279
TI  - Clinical use of tobramycin in patients with surgical infections due to gram
      negative bacilli.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with acute peritonitis, intraabdominal abscess, wound
      infections (including infection of serious burns), sepsis accompanying renal
      transplantation, or urinary tract infection associated with cancer were treated
      with various dosage regimens of tobramycin, and their clinical responses were
      analysed. For the conditions studied, the optimal regimen was 3 mg/kg per day in
      three divided doses. No clinical effectiveness was noted in this study for doses
      of greater than or equal to 4 mg/kg per day.

PMID- 972280
TI  - Clinical evaluation of tobramycin in respiratory and systemic infections in
      immunodepressed and normal patients.
AB  - Twelve patients with acute or chronic pneumonia due mainly to gram-negative
      bacilli, two patients with pseudomonas endocarditis, and two patients with
      seratia sepsis were treated with 80-160 mg of tobramycin in two daily doses.
      Fourteen infected patients with underlying leukemia or lymphoma received this
      dose of tobramycin combined with cefazolin or penicillin. Most respiratory
      infections were cured or markedly improved. with eradication or significant
      reduction in the number of infecting organisms. One case of pseudomonas
      endocarditis and both cases of serratia sepsis were also cured. Combined
      treatment with tobramycin and beta-lactam antibiotics resulted in clinical and
      bacteriological improvement in 50% of systemic immunodepressed patients with
      sepsis and/or pneumonia.

PMID- 972281
TI  - Tobramycin therapy of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with
      cystic fibrosis: effect of dosage and concentration of antibiotic in sputum.
AB  - Established respiratory infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients
      suffering from cystic fibrosis were treated with conventional as well as larger
      doses of tobramycin. The infection was eradicated in four of the 17 patients
      treated, but the duration of follow-up study of one patient was short. It
      appeared that treatment was most successful in those patients in whom the highest
      peak concentrations of tobramycin in sputum were obtained. No side effects were
      noted, even when tobramycin was given in large doses for two weeks.

PMID- 972282
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and ototoxicity of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin in inner ear fluids,
      serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and the compartments of the eye were studied and
      compared in guinea pigs. The concentrations of antibiotic were determined by
      microbiologic methods and were confirmed by the use of 14C-labeled gentamicin.
      Retention was clearly demonstrated in perilymph, in which the half-lives of
      gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were 12, 11, and 10 hr, respectively. The
      concentrations of drug in perilymph were symmetrical and were many times higher
      than the concentrations of antibiotic in the brain. There was no difference
      between the concentration of drug in endolymph and that in perilymph. A linear
      relation between concentrations in the perilymph and the dosage of gentamicin was
      ascertained. Long-term treatment did not influence the pharmacokinetics of the
      three antibiotics in the inner ear. However, increased levels of drug in the
      inner ear in animals with uremia and in some animals with otitis media explained
      the increased ototoxicity that occurs in treatment of these two conditions.
      Suboccipital puncture and diuresis did not change the concentrations of
      aminoglycoside antibiotics in the inner ear. Antibiotics applied locally in the
      middle ear had high degrees of ototoxicity.

PMID- 972283
TI  - Tobramycin adenylyltransferase: a new aminoglycoside-inactivating enzyme from
      Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - Certain strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis resistant to the aminoglycoside
      antibiotics were shown to contain an enzyme that inactivates the kanamycins,
      neomycins, butirosins, paromomycin, gentamicin A, amikacin, and tobramycin by
      adenylylation. Tobramycin adenylyltransferase, as this enzyme is called, was
      found to be optimally active at pH 5.5. With paromomycin or neomycin B and C as
      substrates, however, two pH values (5.5 and 9.0) for optimal activity were
      observed. The enzyme requires Mg++ for activity and is stabilized significantly
      by dithiothreitol. It is probable that the 4'-hydroxyl group of ring I of the
      antibiotics is adenylylated. Those aminoglycosides that are not substrates for
      the enzyme lack a hydroxyl group in the corresponding position.

PMID- 972284
TI  - Emergence of gentamicin-resistant bacteria: experience with tobramycin therapy of
      infections due to gentamicin-resistant organisms.
AB  - A computerized system for testing and surveillance of bacterial susceptibility to
      antibiotics was used in monitoring the emergence of gentamicin-resistant strains
      of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli at Massachusetts General
      Hospital since the release of gentamicin for clinical use in 1971. During the
      period studied, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of gentamicin
      resistant bacteria, particularly among Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter (Herellea), and
      Proteus and, more recently, among Enterobacter and Klebsiella. Most gentamicin
      resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var.
      anitratum (Herellea varginicola) retained susceptibility to tobramycin. Of the
      other gentamicin-resistant organisms, most were also resistant to tobramycin.
      Twelve patients with infections caused by gentamicin-resistant organisms were
      treated with tobramycin. All 12 patients were seriously ill, and all but one had
      failed to respond to previous therapy with gentamicin. Nine patients responded
      favorably to tobramycin, and six were cured. P. aeruginosa and A. calcoaceticus
      var. anitratum were most frequently the infecting organisms in these patients.
      Patients received tobramycin for three to 42 days; no significant drug-related
      toxicity was noted. These results emphasize the increasing clinical importance of
      gentamicin-resistant bacteria and suggest that tobramycin may be effective for
      treatment of some, but not all, infections caused by gentamicin-resistant
      bacteria.

PMID- 972285
TI  - Evaluation of tobramycin in severe urinary tract infection.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with severe urinary tract infections were treated with 3 mg
      of tobramycin/kg per day (given in two doses). Susceptible organisms were
      Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and
      enterococcus. Clincal conditions in which treatment produced excellent
      bacteriological results included a wide range of urological disorders; the most
      common were pyelonephritis, cystitis, and epididymo-orchitis, Three patients had
      septicemia, and 12 had an infection that was the result of urinary tract
      obstruction requiring surgery.

PMID- 972286
TI  - Instant office photography.

PMID- 972287
TI  - Cenla motorcycle traffic experience - 1975.

PMID- 972288
TI  - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: a case report.

PMID- 972289
TI  - Mediastinal tumors I. Cervicomediastinal thyroid enlargement.

PMID- 972290
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month.

PMID- 972291
TI  - Dietary consumption among pre-school children of selected middle income families.

PMID- 972292
TI  - Effect of an intrauterine silk thread suture and a copper wire intrauterine
      device on endometrial enzymes in the rat.

PMID- 972293
TI  - Mortality in status asthmaticus: a report of cases of bronchial asthma with apnea
      and/or cardiac arrest.

PMID- 972294
TI  - Haemophilus aphrophilus in brain abscess: a case report.

PMID- 972295
TI  - Encephalomalacia unrelated to vascular occlusion.

PMID- 972296
TI  - Interlocking twins: report of a case.

PMID- 972297
TI  - Toxoplasmosis, a not uncommon inapparent infectious disease in Thai community-
      risk of consuming raw meat.

PMID- 972298
TI  - Effects of electric-shock delivery on schedule-induced water intake: delay of
      shock, shock intensity, and body-weight loss.
AB  - In each of four experiments, schedule-induced water intake in the rat was studied
      under fixed-time 40-sec food delivery. Experiments I and II studied the temporal
      relationship between response-independent electric-shock delivery and licking.
      Shock was delivered under a variable-time 60-sec schedule. A lick-dependent delay
      was imposed so that licking and shock delivery were systematically separated in
      time by a minimum of 1 to 15 sec. Over a wide range of shock intensities the data
      failed to reveal a consistent delay-of-shock effect. Similar shock intensities
      led to similar reduction of water intake at each delay of shock interval.
      Experiments III and IV studied the effects of body-weight loss on water intake
      during independent shock delivery. In Experiment III, shock was delivered under
      variable-time 60-sec with a minimum separation between shock and licking of 5
      sec. In Experiment IV, shock was delivered under variable-time 180-sec. The
      minimum separation between shock and licking was 10 sec. In each study, the
      resistance of water intake to suppression by shock delivery increased as the
      degree of body-weight loss increased. Schedule-induced water intake was affected
      more by shock when the animal was maintained at 90% of free-feeding weight than
      at 70%.

PMID- 972299
TI  - A national assessment of propoxyphene in postmortem medicolegal investigation,
      1972-1975.
AB  - Eighteen medical examiners, coroners, and forensic science laboratories and
      offices, representing a total jurisdictional population of 52.6 million, were
      visited during November 1975, and more than 1200 cases occurring in the four
      years from 1972 through 31 July 1975 were evaluated for inclusion in the study.
      The sites were distributed across the United States and Ontario, Canada, and
      included urban and rural, states, city, and county jurisdictions. Scientific data
      and circumstantial information was gathered consistently for each case and site
      by means of five questionnaires. Finally, 1022 cases were compiled and examined,
      and the data were analyzed to form the body of data from which this report is
      written. The following conclusions may be drawn. 1. The number of deaths
      involving propoxyphene is increasing each year, and at a faster rate than total
      drug deaths. The absolute numbers and rate are different in urban and rural
      areas, but the frequency reached 6.0 deaths per million population in 1974.
      Deaths attributed to suicide as well as those determined to be accidental deaths
      and undetermined have increased. 2. Approximately 66% of all the cases studied
      had the word propoxyphene included in the cause of death statement on the death
      certificate. Approximately 46% of the cases were classified as suicide (64% of
      them female and 36% male), 26% as accidents, and 21% as undetermined. 3. The
      deceased were mainly middle-class, Caucasian, urban dwellers, with male and
      female evenly distributed. Their ages were from 20 to 50 years, with few outside
      this range. Female ages were uniformly distributed, but males in their early
      twenties were very prominent. This is different from the U.S. population age
      distribution, which is currently dominated by teenagers. Propoxyphene does not
      appear to be a pediatric problem, as seen in the study. 4. The deceased were not
      part of the illegal drug abuse population and had no particular propensity for
      the use of heroin or narcotics, but rather they were a particular medical
      population of those who misuse prescription drugs and alcohol. 5. The deceased
      did have a marked tendency to hypochondria, chronic minor illnesses and emotional
      problems. Some 43% had recent medical histories, and 82% had a documented
      psychiatric history which often included (51%) self-destructuve behavior such as
      suicide attempts. Almost all received a wide range of prescription drugs,
      particularly tranquilizers, which they often misused in the sense of self
      medicating, multiple drug ingestion, and combining alcohol with their medication.
      Approximately 34% had a history of misusing some drug, and 20% could be defined
      as abusers in that they were prone to excessive use of their medications; 44% had
      diazepam available to them, and 17% were either problem drinkers or alcoholics.

PMID- 972300
TI  - Old ethics for new sciences--what confronts justice.

PMID- 972301
TI  - The need for and the relationship of the forensic sciences to the civil laws.

PMID- 972302
TI  - Problems of ethics and behavior in the forensic sciences.

PMID- 972303
TI  - Money and the expert witness: an ethical dilemma.

PMID- 972304
TI  - The prevention of legal problems in dentistry.

PMID- 972305
TI  - Ethics and the document examiner under the adversary system.

PMID- 972306
TI  - Genetic markers in human semen: a review.

PMID- 972307
TI  - A scanning electron microscope study of dried blood.

PMID- 972309
TI  - An evaluation of tetramethylbenzidine as a presumptive test for blood.

PMID- 972308
TI  - A precipitin-inhibition test on denatured bloodstains for the determination of
      human origin.
AB  - A new method has been developed for determination of the species of origin of
      denatured bloodstains. Antiserum with known titer is incubated with the denatured
      bloodstain. If the bloodstain has the same origin as the antiserum, a substantial
      amount of antibody will be absorbed by the stain, resulting in an attenuation of
      the antiserum titer. By reacting the supernatant with a known serum by using
      immunodiffusion it is possible to detect any appreciable attenuation of the
      antiserum titer. We have been able to determine the species of origin of various
      denatured bloodstains using this inhibition method.

PMID- 972310
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis: postmortem diagnosis in an unexpected death.

PMID- 972311
TI  - The examination of the sudden infant death syndrome infant: investigative and
      autopsy protocols.

PMID- 972312
TI  - Detection of amphetamine and methamphetamine-type materials in pharmaceutical and
      biological fluids by fluorometric labeling.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive method for detecting amphetamine and methamphetamine in
      drug preparations and biological fluids has been developed. Amphetamine and
      methamphetamine in pharmaceutical and clandestine drug preparations can be easily
      screened from other contaminating drugs and readily identified by their
      fluorescence, with subsequent separation accomplished by TLC. The same general
      procedure can also be used to detect amphetamine and methamphetamine in human
      urine at concentrations of 0.1 mug/ml.

PMID- 972313
TI  - Several unusual cases of child abuse.
AB  - All childhood deaths which occurred in New Mexico during 1974 and 1975 were
      reviewed. Nine fatal instances of abuse were identified representing the entire
      spectrum of physical abuse: neglect, abuse in a single episode of injury,
      repetitive abuse, or sexual abuse. Several cases are summarized. These are
      unusual either in the distribution of pathologic findings or in the problems
      encountered in court presentation.

PMID- 972315
TI  - Forensic applications of diamond cell-infrared spectroscopy. I: Identification of
      blasting cap leg wire manufacturers.

PMID- 972314
TI  - Short-range ammunition--a possible anti-hijacking device.
AB  - Short-range ammunition was developed for use by law enforcement personnel in
      congested, enclosed areas and primarily as a hijacking deterrent in commercial
      airliners. This ammunition was expected to reduce the risk of injury to innocent
      bystanders and prevent damage to the aircraft walls. Experimentally, short-range
      ammunition is effective in its wounding capacity at close ranges, and it does not
      exit from the body. Due to the particular structure of the projectile, injuries
      due to ricochet are averted. At ranges of 6 ft (1.8 m), the risk of damage to the
      full thickness of an aircraft wall does exist. Short-range ammunition deserves
      serious consideration as an alternative to regular ammunition for use in
      specialized, close-quartered situations, such as hijacking.

PMID- 972316
TI  - Studies of the spatial distribution of firearms discharge residues.
AB  - Fingerprint lifting tape has been applied to the lifting of firearms discharge
      residue from various surfaces. Lifting efficiencies from coarse fabric ranged
      from 30 to 70%. Use of the technique has been demonstrated in identifying a
      bullet hole and in measuring residue patterns on floor and firing hand surfaces.
      In hand lifts it has been shown that autoradiography alone does not uniquely
      distinguish the hand of someone who has fired a revolver from the hand of someone
      who has not. Neutron activation analysis of lifts from selected hand areas may,
      however, provide such a distinction.

PMID- 972317
TI  - Programmed energy dispersive X-ray analysis of top coats of automotive paint.
AB  - Elemental, qualitative, and semiquantitative analyses of 1974 U.S. automotive
      paints by a Finnigan Model 900F Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectrometer are
      examined. This EDX analytical system incorporates a minicomputer to receive,
      store, and present data. The paint samples were received from the National Bureau
      of Standards (NBS) Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory as a collection
      representative of the top coats used on all U.S. manufactured automobiles in
      1974. Aspects considered include EDX system stability, homogeneity of similarly
      catalogued samples from different NBS collections, categorization of paints by
      predominant constituents, and comparison of data on paint standards that were
      similar. Automated analysis represents an important application of forensic
      science to the characterization of paint samples and provides for the
      nondestructive analysis of a variety of materials in a large range of sample
      sizes and concentrations.

PMID- 972318
TI  - Examination of paints by trace element analysis.
AB  - Trace element analysis using neutron activation analysis is effective and
      valuable, particularly in the examination of white household paint. Although
      physical appearance and resin composition are generally similar in these paint
      samples, trace element composition provides an effective way of distinguishing
      among them. In the case of automobile paint samples, NAA serves as an important
      additional technique for discrimination. The technique is important when sample
      sizes are very small. The technique developed takes a few minutes for sample
      preparation, a few hours of irradiation time (during which the examiner's
      presence is not required), and then a few minutes for counting and obtaining
      quantitative multielement concentration patterns. A technician can easily handle
      30 to 50 samples per day.

PMID- 972319
TI  - The parameters of ballpen ink examinations.

PMID- 972320
TI  - Classification and identification of photocopiers: a progress report.

PMID- 972321
TI  - The expert witness: a dilemma.

PMID- 972322
TI  - Identification of IBM keypunch machines by their printed products.

PMID- 972323
TI  - Forensic odontology in missing persons cases.
AB  - Forensic odontology can provide a service early in cases of missing persons where
      foul play is suspected. The combined effort of the professional police
      investigator and the odontologist prior to the discovery of an unidentified
      remains allows for an efficient, accurate identification procedure. The forensic
      dental interview can provide a working format or starting point in developing a
      planned interrogation procedure concerning dental information. In such a manner,
      the planned interview can enhance the investigator's efforts in missing persons
      cases and other cases requiring dental identification.

PMID- 972324
TI  - Evoked response and kinesthetic measures of augmenting/reducing in
      schizophrenics: replications and extensions.
AB  - This study represents an attempt to replicate the central results of earlier work
      on stimulus intensity control. It uses a diverse sample of 40 hospitalized
      schizophrenic subjects, both chronic and acute. Two measures of stimulus
      intensity control were used: the Petrie kinesthetic figural aftereffects
      procedure (KFA), and the EEG method of average evoked response (AER). Finding the
      earlier results generally applicable, it presents a model of the function of
      stimulus intensity control in schizophrenia, which suggests that acute
      schizophrenics are particularly vulnerable to being inundated by stimuli, and
      therefore, that in order to protect themselves, they tend to reduce the perceived
      intensity of stimuli. Chronic schizophreniics have higher AER amplitudes and
      reduce less than acutes, suggesting that among chronics, the reducing mechanism
      either never was present or failed, whereas paranoid schizophrenics tend to be
      augmenters--a response style consistent with vigilant scanning.

PMID- 972325
TI  - MDA-assisted psychotherapy with neurotic outpatients: a pilot study.
AB  - Ten neurotic patients (five males and five females) were treated over a period of
      2 to 6 months (mean, 4.1) as outpatients. The study allowed for a maximum of 75
      hours of psychotherapy (mean, 51.55 hours). During the course of treatment, two
      to four (mean, 3.5) administrations of MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) were
      employed as adjunctive aids in an effort to enhance the psychotherapeutic
      process. The mean duration of the drug sessions was 8 hours (range, 6 to 14
      hours). The first administration of MDA took place when, in the therapist's
      judgment, sufficient rapport had been established with the patient. All patients
      received an initial dose of 75 mg of MDA; subsequent dosage was allowed to range
      up to 200 mg. On these occasions, the drug appeared to be well tolerated with no
      serious side effects or complications observed. Psychometric assessments were
      obtained pre- and post-treatment, employing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
      Inventory (MMPI), Wittenborn Psychiatric Rating Scales (WPRS), and Brief
      Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). In addition, follow-up evaluations were obtained
      6 months after the termination of therapy by the use of the MMPI, WPRS, BPRS, and
      a Social History Questionnaire (SHQ) which had also been administered before
      treatment was initiated. Clinically, the impression was obtained that
      psychotherapy and the adjunctive use of MDA appeared to facilitate improvement in
      these patients. This impression was substantiated by significant reductions in
      scores on the psychometric assessments measuring depression, anxiety, and
      obsessive-compulsive traits. The meaures evaluating the sense of well-being and
      self-actualization also were encouraging. Although some of the patients were not
      as responsive as others, there were no observations to suggest that the condition
      of any of these patients had become worse.

PMID- 972326
TI  - The neuropsychological, psychiatric, and physical effects of prolonged and severe
      stress: 30 years later.
AB  - This study investigates the long term or residual effects resulting from severe
      and extended exposure to stress. The samples were prisoners of war who were
      intended in Japan (high stress group) or Europe (low stress group) during the
      Second World War. They were examined in the following three areas:
      neuropsychological, psychiatric, and physical/neurological. Significant
      differences were found in all three spheres between the two groups. Second, to
      examine further the effect of length of internment on these variables, the low
      stress group was divided into long term and short term internment duration
      groups, and then the three groups were compared. Significant differences were
      found among these three groups. These results are discussed in relation to a
      traditional model of explanation.

PMID- 972327
TI  - A comparative evaluation of two day hospitals. Goal attainment scaling of
      behavior therapy vs. milieu therapy.
AB  - Previous attempts at program evaluation of partial hospitalization programs have
      consisted largely of descriptive and anecdotal reports of programs and patient
      characteristics. There have been no comparative or experimental studies of the
      effectiveness of differing day treatment programs. In the current study, Goal
      Attainment Scaling, a goal-oriented program evaluation system, was used with 56
      randomly selected partial hospitalization patients who attended two day
      hospitals: one program was based on behavioral-educational methods, and the other
      was an eclectic program based on the concepts of a therapeutic community.
      Patients attending the behavioral-educational program showed greater attainment
      of their therapeutic goals than did the patients involved in the eclectic
      program. The greater effectiveness of the behavioral-educational day program
      increased from the 3-month follow-up to the 2-year follow-up.

PMID- 972328
TI  - The effects of cerebral electric therapy (electrosleep) on anxiety, depression,
      and hostility in psychiatric patients.
AB  - The effects of cerebral electric therapy (electrosleep) and placebo on self
      ratings of anxiety, depression, and hostility were compared. No difference in the
      amount of improvement shown by the two groups appeared on any of the five
      measures employed, although a major placebo effect was evident on all of the
      criteria. The results argue against the use of electrosleep as a treatment for
      these symptoms except when it may be employed for its placebo value.

PMID- 972329
TI  - How long does chlorpromazine last?
AB  - How long does chlorpromazine last? This question regarding the persistence of
      chlorpromazine (CPZ) in chronically medicated schizophrenic patients after drug
      discontinuation led to wide ranging preliminary answers. These varied from a few
      to several days for blood studies up to many months for urinary and clinical
      studies. At least two implications of the question need to be considered: a) the
      pharmacological persistence of active drug and/or metabolites after drug
      discontinuation; and b) the persistence of the therapeutic effects regardless of
      whether or not active drug and/or metabolites are pharmacologically present. For
      example, a patient's behavior may improve while on CPZ and this improvement may
      persist after the active drug and/or metabolites cease to be present in the
      patient's body. These two areas of inquiry were examined by looking at blood,
      urinary, and clinical data. Although blood studies undoubtedly give the most
      definitive data, they are greatly complicated by the lack of definitive
      information regarding the active moiety (moieties) and crucial sites of action,
      the large number of metabolites (up to 150 or so), the minute quantities involved
      (ng/ml), the wide inter- and intrapatient variations, and the newness and lack of
      complete comparability of the quantitative methodologies. Within these
      limitations, there are a number of studies that are fairly consistent in showing
      a half-life of disappearance from the plasma of CPZ and/or metabolites in the
      range of a few to several hours. This would usually mean that most of the drug
      and metabolites are cleared from the plasma in a few days after drug
      discontinuation. Urinary studies are related less directly than blood studies to
      desired clinical effects. Under steady-state conditions in various studies, 43 to
      63 per cent of a daily therapeutic dose of CPZ can be recovered in the urine in
      24 hours. After drug discontinuation, urinary drug and/or metabolites in most
      studies last from about 3 to 18 days, with sometimes minimal or trace amounts
      after this. The clinical studies show a continuation of therapeutic benefits for
      up to 6 months and longer in some studies, but there are a number of studies
      showing placebo (withdrawn) groups deteriorating significantly more than
      continued drug groups much before this, even as early as 1 to 2 weeks off drug.
      This examination of the literature tends toward a duration of substantial
      pharmacological (therapeutic) action of CPZ of no more than a few days after drug
      discontinuation. For a small number of patients, clinical deterioration begins
      about the same time, whereas in many others, clinical improvement lasts weeks or
      months. Some of this latter continuation of improvement is likely not due to CPZ
      and/or metabolites currently active. There do remain many unanswered questions
      regarding the persistence of minute amounts of CPZ and/or metabolites in storage
      and possibly at active sites, and whether or not in some patients this makes a
      significant contribution.

PMID- 972330
TI  - A depressive syndrome responsive to lithium. An analysis of 20 cases.
AB  - The authors analyze a series of 20 patients seen over the past 4 years who have
      shown a dramatic improvement following the introduction of lithium carbonate to
      their therapy. The results indicate that these patients showed a consistent
      syndrome with the following features: a) anergic endogenous depression; b)
      positive family history in first degree probands; c) obsessional personality
      traits and symptoms; d) hypochondriasis and somatic symptoms; e) failure to
      respond to previous antidepressant therapy with tricyclic and MAOI compounds as
      well as ECT. A previous study by Gittleson showed that one third of a series of
      psychotic depressives admitted to the Maudsley Hospital, London, also displayed
      obsessional symptoms and hypochondriasis. These patients, however, seemed to do
      as well with standard antidepressant treatment as a control group of psychotic
      depressives without obsessional features. However, in this series, there was a 7
      per cent residue whose obsessional symptoms worsened, even after recovery from
      their depression. The authors' group of patients represented approximately 3 per
      cent of all psychotic depressives seen over the 4-year period and could,
      therefore, coincide with Gittleson's residue. The mean age of onset of illness in
      the authors' depressive group was 45.5 years, and this finding, coupled with the
      high incidence of psychotic depression in first degree relatives, indicates that
      these patients were suffering from a psychotic depression modified by personality
      traits, rather than an atypical obsessional neurosis. The consistency of clinical
      features and specificity of response to lithium therapy appear to indicate that
      this is a clearly definable clinical syndrome worthy of further investigation.

PMID- 972331
TI  - Psychiatric diagnosis and tricyclic plasma levels in 36 hospitalized overdose
      patients.
AB  - Thirty-six hospitalized patients who were considered by emergency room physicians
      to have ingested medically serious tricyclic overdoses were studied. The purpose
      of the project was to determine if psychiatric diagnosis and associated
      psychiatric factors correlated with the severity of the overdose as defined by
      plasma drug levels. Medically serious overdoses were ingested by patients with
      alcoholism, primary affective disorder, undiagnosed psychiatric illness, and
      Briquet's syndrome. Prior psychiatric treatment, prior admissions, prior
      overdoses, or precipitating events did not correlate with the medical severity of
      the ingestion. Attempting to predict the individual medical severity of the
      overdose from psychiatric factors resulted in a dangerous underestimation of the
      risk of patients with Briquet's syndrome and an overprediction in the case of
      primary affective disorder.

PMID- 972332
TI  - Microsurgery of Arnold-Chiari malformation in adults with and without
      hydromyelia.
AB  - Microsurgical exploration of 15 adults with Arnold-Chiari malformation with and
      without hydromyelia using 3 to 20 X magnification has led to the following
      conclusions. Hydromyelia, associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation, is a
      progressive mechanical disorder that causes spinal cord deficits by pressure
      distention of the cord. Arnold-Chiari malformation causes slowly or suddenly
      progressive bulbar dysfunction by impaction of the malformation in the foramen
      magnum. Decompression of both can be achieved by a suboccipital carniectomy,
      upper cervical laminectomy, establishing an outlet from the fourth ventricle, and
      opening the distended cord in the thinnest exposed area, which is usually along
      the dorsal root entry zone. If Pantopaque myelography in patients in the supine
      position shows the Arnold-Chiari malformation, hydromyelia can be established as
      a cause of central cord deficit even if myelography shows the cord size to be
      normal. Syringomyelia, traditionally considered a degenerative disease, is a less
      common cause of a slowly progressive central cord deficit than either hydromyelia
      or intramedullary tumor.

PMID- 972333
TI  - Proximal occlusion of the dominant anterior cerebral artery for anterior
      communicating aneurysm.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with ruptured and one with symptomatic unruptured anterior
      communicating aneurysms were treated by proximal clip occlusion of the dominant
      anterior cerebral artery. These patients have been followed for 2 to 4 1/2 years
      and the results evaluated. The operation carried a very low mortality rate (3.5%)
      and a relatively low morbidity. There was no instance of recurrent hemorrhage
      during the study period. Clinical and preoperative angiographic criteria for
      selection of patients and the timing and technique of surgery are discussed.

PMID- 972334
TI  - Microvascular bypass surgery. Part 2: physiological studies.
AB  - Intraoperative electromagnetic blood flow measurements were recorded in 15
      patients undergoing extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass surgery. The
      initial average blood flow of 28.2 cc/min supplies 8.4% of the expected flow from
      one internal carotid artery. Blood flow probably increases postoperatively, as
      evidenced by angiographic enlargement of the bypass and its recipient cortical
      arteries.

PMID- 972335
TI  - Endothelial cell damage by temporary arterial occlusion with surgical clips.
      Study of the clip site by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - The effects of temporary vascular occlusion with surgical clips on the underlying
      endothelial lining were studied with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM)
      electron microscopy. Twenty-five rabbits were anesthetized and both common
      carotid arteries exposed. A Heifetz clip was used to occlude the right carotid
      artery for 5, 15, and 30 minutes, and 2 hours in five animals each. The clips
      were removed and the vessels immediately perfused with glutaraldehyde. In five
      remaining animals, the right carotid arteries were occluded for 30 minutes
      followed by removal of the clip and resumption of blood flow for 30 minutes prior
      to fixation. Combined SEM and TEM examination of the endothelium of compressed
      segments revealed "craters" and "balloons", blebs and vacuoles, swollen
      mitochondria, dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum, and subendothelial edema.
      There were also areas of endothelial cell flattening, discontinuity, and
      desquamation exposing the subendothelial tissues. Following restoration of flow,
      platelets and fibrin were found adherent to altered endothelial cells and to
      exposed subendothelial tissues. Endothelial craters and balloons were also found
      distal and, significantly less frequently, proximal to the site of occlusion. It
      is suggested that antiplatelet aggregating agents may prove beneficial for the
      prevention of thrombus formation at the site of the clip as well as craters and
      balloons distal to the clip following procedures requiring temporary vascular
      occlusion.

PMID- 972336
TI  - Fluid-percussion model of mechanical brain injury in the cat.
AB  - Mechanical brain injury was produced in 36 cats with a fluid-percussion model in
      which brain damage or dysfunction is produced by a single, brief, hydraulically
      induced pressure transient that is conducted through the brain. Fluid-percussion
      injury induce elastic deformation of the brain resembling the brain deformation
      known to occur following head impact. Physiological responses and pahtological
      changes following injury were expressed as a function of peak pressure.
      Macroscopic central nervous system lesions concentrated at the pontomesencephalic
      junction, cervicomedullary junction, and in the cerebellar tonsils were
      consistently observed at and above 2.6 atmospheres (atm). At higher levels of
      injury (greater than or equal to 3.2 atm) there was extensive basal subarachnoid
      hemorrhage. At very high levels of injury (greater than 4.0 atm) hemorrhagic
      contusions were noted at the cerebral hemisphere impact site. A spectrum of
      neuronal alterations was identified in the damaged areas. Computer analysis
      showed correlation of electroencephalographic (EEG) changes with the
      neuropathological changes, since EEG recovery became severely impaired above 2.6
      atm. No EEG changes were noted below 1.5 atm. From 1.5 to 2.2 atm there was a
      physiological response to injury but no significant changes were seen on
      neuropathological examination. This range of injury should permit further studies
      of the more subtle changes following mechanical brain injury without
      intraparenchymal hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The fluid-percussion
      model relates brain deformation following mechanical loading to a single pressure
      transient that is easily measured and controlled. Further quantitative
      investigation into the pathobiology of mechanical brain injury following graded
      brain deformation is thus made possible.

PMID- 972337
TI  - Effect of increasing the plasma oxygen diffusivity on experimental cryogenic
      edema.
AB  - Mongrel cats with experimental cryogenic brain lesions were treated with the
      carotenoid compound crocetin. It has been shown that crocetin increases the
      diffusion speed of oxygen through plasma, and should provide a net increase in
      available oxygen to the capillary endothelial cell. The treated group of animals
      showed a significant reduction in edema as compared to a comparable control
      group. It is suggested that oxygen availability is an important factor in
      vasogenic edema.

PMID- 972338
TI  - Activation of neurons in the cerebellar nuclei and ascending reticular formation
      by stimulation of the cerebellar surface.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar surface has been used therapeutically
      for the control of certain epileptic seizure and motor disorders. Recent
      hypotheses suggest that the therapeutic results in the treatment of epilepsy
      might be a consequence of the activation of Purkinje cells which subsequently
      inhibit the epileptic activity in the cerebrocellular loop. These experiments
      establish that an anatomical substrate exists whereby the effects of stimulating
      the cerebellar surface might be mediated by the ascending reticular formation and
      the non-specific thalamic nuclei. Specifically, the stimulation of the cerebellar
      surface activates not only Purkinje cells but also cerebellar afferent systems,
      climbing fibers and mossy fibers, and neurons in the cerebellar nuclei and
      reticular formation. In addition, recordings from neurons in the ascending
      reticular formation suggest that stimulation of the cerebellar surface can affect
      processing of ascending sensory information, thus influencing neural integration
      of non-specific sensory system.

PMID- 972339
TI  - Laminotomy and total reconstruction of the posterior spinal arch for spinal canal
      surgery in childhood.
AB  - Kyphosis, anterior subluxation, and instability of the spine are reported as
      postoperative complications of multiple level laminectomies in children. The
      surgical procedure of multiple level laminotomies is proposed as an alternative.
      Indications in infants and children, the surgical technique, and the
      postoperative management are presented. The goal is preservation of the normal
      architecture of the spine in patients who are still developing.

PMID- 972340
TI  - Detection of small trigeminal neurinomas.
AB  - Four cases of trigeminal neurinoma are reviewed with particular attention to
      clinical signs and symptoms, lumbar puncture, electroencephalogram, brain scan,
      plain skull and tomographic radiographs, and angiographic and
      pneumoencephalographic findings. Pneumoencephalography, with special tomographic
      projections to identify various portions of the trigeminal nerve, delineated the
      tumor in all cases. Tumor removal was complete in three patients and nearly
      complete in the fourth. There was no operative morbidity or mortality.

PMID- 972341
TI  - Combined isotope ventriculography and lumbar myelocisternography in the diagnosis
      of communicating syringomyelia. Case report.
AB  - Several investigative procedures are currently used to diagnose communicating
      syringomyelia. The combination of isotope ventriculography and lumbar
      myelocisternography has never proposed nor carried out to verify this condition.
      We feel that this is a safe and valuable procedure to identify a patent central
      canal communicating with the fourth ventricle and is worth considering when
      diagnosing communicating syringomyelia.

PMID- 972342
TI  - Late pseudotumoral brain necrosis following irradiation of a scalp neoplasm. Case
      report.
AB  - The authors report the case of a 70-year-old man who developed intracranial
      hypertension and lef-arm paresis 2 years after irradiation for the right
      preauricular basal cell epithelioma. Angiography disclosed a right temporal lobe
      mass and the histopathological diagnosis was late postirradiation necrosis of the
      brain. Postoperatively, dexamethasone was given in increasing doses up to 60
      mg/day for control of cerebral edema. The patient died of gastrointestinal
      bleeding on the 60th postoperative day.

PMID- 972343
TI  - Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst. Case report.
AB  - A case of a symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst in a 10-year-old boy is described.
      The importance of the intraoperative differentiation between this rare tumor and
      a craniopharyngioma is discussed.

PMID- 972344
TI  - Replacement of a self-adjusting bone flap. Technical note.
AB  - Postoperative cerebral edema is often worrisome after intracranial surgery. A
      self-adjusting bone flap is described that uses sections of Raimondi catheter
      tubing.

PMID- 972345
TI  - Neurosurgical materials and devices.

PMID- 972346
TI  - Status inconsistency, aggressive attitude, and helping behavior.

PMID- 972347
TI  - When helping hurts: effects of donor-recipient similarity and recipient self
      esteem on reactions to aid.

PMID- 972348
TI  - Children's social responses following modeled reactions to provocation: prosocial
      effects of a television drama.

PMID- 972349
TI  - Isospora vulpina Nieschulz and Bos, 1933: description, and transmission from the
      fox (Vulpes vulpes) to the dog.
AB  - Oocysts of Isospora vulpina were found in silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on a fox
      farm in Wisconsin. They were 29.7 (25-38) X 24.3 (21-32) mum. The sporocysts were
      17.7 (15-23) X 13 (11-16) mum. Five coccidia-free puppies were inoculated with
      22,000-42,000 oocysts each of I. vulpina from the fox: a patent infection
      resulted after 6-7 days. The infection was then transferred from 1 of these dogs
      to another coccidia-free puppy. After a 7-day prepatent period the puppy passed
      oocysts for 7 days.

PMID- 972350
TI  - Fine structure of an unidentified protozoon in the epithelium of rainbow trout
      exposed to water with Myxosoma cerebralis.
AB  - An intracellular protozoon was discovered in the epithelium of young rainbow
      trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed for as short a time as 1 hr to water known to
      contain infective stages of Myxosoma cerebralis. Light- and electron-microscopic
      examination of this tissue revealed what appeared to be a proliferative stage
      (presumptive schizont) of a sporozoon; other possible stages in the life cycle
      were also observed. The relationship of this unidentified protozoon of M.
      cerebralis remains unresolved.

PMID- 972351
TI  - Myxosoma cerebralis: in vitro sporulation of the myxosporidan of salmonid
      whirling disease.
AB  - Trophozoites and other pre-spore stages of the myxosporidan Myxosoma cerebralis
      were taken from infected rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cultured in vitro.
      Cultures eventually yielded mature spores capable of discharging their polar
      capsules. This is the first report of culture of a myxosporidan.

PMID- 972352
TI  - Immunologic and electrophoretic characteristics of two species of Crithidia.
AB  - Crithidia harmosa and Crithidia fasciculata were compared immunologically by the
      indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) method and by agglutination. The FA technic
      yielded more specific results with cellular-debris than with whole-cell antigens.
      The immune sera collected from chickens 9 days after the last inoculations with
      whole-cell antigens had higher homologous titers than those collected after 4
      days. Major antigenic differences between the 2 species were revealed by both
      methods. The electrophoretic patterns of C. harmosa and C. fasciculata obtained
      by polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis differed in the numbers and relative
      mobilities of their component bands.

PMID- 972353
TI  - Specificity of the glucose transport system in Leishmania tropica promastigotes.
AB  - The glucose transport system in Leishmania tropica promastigotes was
      characterized by the use of labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG), a nonmetabolizable
      glucose analog. The uptake system has a Q10 of 2 and a heat of activation of 10.2
      kcal/mole. The glucose transport system is subject to competitive inhibition by 2
      DOG, glucosamine, N-acetyl glucosamine, mannose, galactose, and fructose which
      suggests that substitutions in the hexose chain at carbons 2 and 4 do not affect
      carrier specificity. In contrast, changes at carbon 1 (alpha-methyl-D-glucoside,
      1,5-anhydroglucitol) and carbon 3 (3-0-methyl glucose) lead to loss of carrier
      affinity since these sugars do not compete for the glucose carrier. Sugars that
      compete with the glucose carrier have one common feature--they all exist in the
      pyranose form in solution. The carrier for D-glucose does not interact with L
      glucose or any of the pentose sugars tested. Uptake of 2-DOG is inhibited by
      glycerol. This inhibition, however, is noncompetitive; it is evident; therefore,
      that glucose and glycerol do not compete for the same carrier. Glycerol does not
      repress the glucose carrier since cells grown in presence of glycerol transport
      the sugar normally.

PMID- 972354
TI  - Activities of glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, and isocitrate
      dehydrogenases from Leishmania donovani cultivated at 25 and 37 C.
AB  - The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) (EC No. 1.1.1.49), 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) (EC No. 1.1.1.44), and isocitrate
      dehydrogenase (ICD) (EC No. 1.1.1.42) from promastigotes of Leishmania donovani
      strain 3S grown at 25 C in modified Tobie's (mT) medium and from promastigotes of
      the 37 C-adapted substrain of this strain cultivated in the mT at 37 C were
      assayed at 25 and 37 C. At 25 C ICD from both the strain and the substrain had
      the highest, and PGD, the lowest activity; the activity of G-6-PD was
      intermediate, but much closer to that of ICD. Irrespective of the temperature of
      the assay, the activities of G-6-PD and ICD from the 37 C substrain were
      significantly higher than those of these enzymes from the parental strain;
      however, the activity of PGD from the 25 C strain was slightly higher than that
      of this dehydrogenase from the 37 C-adapted stock. No significant activity losses
      of G-6-PD and ICD from either the strain or the substrain were noted after
      incubation of the extracts in the presence of 0.25 M sucrose at 37 C for 2 hr.
      PGD was unstable in such extracts, but it could be rendered stable by the
      addition of 4 mM 6-phosphogluconate, G-6-PD was the least and ICD the most
      dependent on Mg2+ ions. In the 15-25 C range, the Q10 values of the enzymes from
      the 25 C strain were 2.83, 2.5 and 2.63 for G-6-PD, PGD, and ICD, respectively.
      These values for the respective enzymes in the 25-35 C range were 2.06, 1.67, and
      1.62. The Q10 values of the enzymes from the 37 C substrain in the 15-25 C range
      were 2.06 for G-6-PD, 3.25 for PGD, and 2.77 for ICD; in the 25-35 C range, the
      corresponding values were 1.67, 1.46, and 1.83. Cultivation of the 37 C substrain
      at 25 C was accompanied by a drop in G-6-PD and ICD activities.

PMID- 972355
TI  - Effect of glucose on glycine requirement of Acanthamoeba castellanii.
AB  - Acanthamoeba castellanii grows in a minimal medium (AMLIV) containing only
      arginine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine as sole nitrogen sources,
      other than vitamins, when glucose is the carbon source. With acetate as the
      carbon source, glycine must be added to AMLIV. Doubling time in AMLIV varies
      according to the ratio of amino acids concentrations. Several combinations yield
      Td values of approximately 70 hr.

PMID- 972356
TI  - A study of the family unit's response to hemodialysis.

PMID- 972357
TI  - Mood states and 24-hour cardiac monitoring.

PMID- 972358
TI  - Psychological stress and personality in Meniere's disorder.

PMID- 972359
TI  - Stressor exposure and immunological response in man: interferon-producing
      capacity and phagocytosis.

PMID- 972360
TI  - Sample size characteristics and scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

PMID- 972361
TI  - The Social Readjustment Rating Scale: a cross-cultural study of New Zealanders
      and Americans.

PMID- 972362
TI  - The Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire: a study of Cuban exiles.

PMID- 972363
TI  - Paternal and maternal symbolism in the parental images of psychosomatic and
      neurotic patients.

PMID- 972364
TI  - Parental symbolism in the doctor image of psychosomatic and neurotic patients.

PMID- 972365
TI  - Certification: a challenge and a choice.

PMID- 972366
TI  - Cothing: a positive part of the rehabilitation process.

PMID- 972367
TI  - The importance of habilitation philosophy.

PMID- 972368
TI  - Crisis intervention: a guide for nurses.

PMID- 972369
TI  - Career development: client responsibility in rehabilitation planning.

PMID- 972370
TI  - The socialization of a Medical School faculty.
AB  - The research reported here shows the processes which socialize M.D.s and Ph.D.s
      into academic roles in a medical school and the factors affecting their retention
      and attrition. Eighty-one percent (350) of the regular faculty of a midwestern
      university medical school provided career background data and information on
      their attitudes toward issues within their school and their perceived and
      preferred organizational goals, characteristics, and managerial styles. Sherlock
      and Morris' (1) paradigm was the theoretical framework. Principal findings
      include the greater importance of latent over manifest variables, the M.D.s' late
      decision to try an academic career, the high colleague acceptance of the new M.D.
      recruit, the greater adoption of university professoriat norms by the Ph.D.s, and
      the high goal agreement between basic science and clinical faculty.

PMID- 972371
TI  - An NIH/Columbia University information system interface.
AB  - The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Health Sciences of Columbia
      University have developed an information system interface whereby sponsored
      research information is routinely forwarded, in machine-readable form, from the
      NIH to Columbia University. For Columbia University the interface system has
      materially reduced data input costs, made information available on a more timely
      basis, improved the quality of its system by the adoption of existing
      standardized data definitions, and allowed flexible access to NIH's broad data
      base. For NIH the system permits an improvement in its data base through high
      quality and fast feedback from the grantee institution. The promotion of future
      systems development is enhanced through the adoption of standardized data element
      designations and definitions.

PMID- 972372
TI  - A method for defining competency in Pediatrics.
AB  - In 1972 the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) initiated studies leading to a
      report which identifies the important components of competency needed in the
      practice of pediatrics. The development of the report involved a group process
      engaging ABP board members and examiners. The outcome has been (a) the
      delineation of a process for establishing definitions of competency in a medical
      discipline; (b) the development of a framework for specifying the abilities
      needed to perform the tasks required of pediatricians; (c) an elaboration of
      samples of pediatric subjects to which these abilities and tasks are relevant;
      and (d) the development of a basis for choice of methods to use for purposes of
      certification.

PMID- 972373
TI  - A study of the demand for part-time residency programs.
AB  - A survey was conducted at the Medical College of Pennsylvania to measure the
      magnitude of demand for part-time residency programs and to assess the
      motivations underlying such interest. Responses from 206 females and 96 males (84
      percent of all students) indicated that approximately 39 percent would probably
      or definitely apply to part-time residencies if they were available. As was
      expected, interest was greater among women and was greatest among women who were
      parents. At the same time, however, there was considerable interest which was not
      related to marital or parental status and which derived from a general
      dissatisfaction with the time demands of traditional graduate medical training.
      While there are many other factors to be considered, the demand for part-time
      residency programs probably far exceeds the supply of such programs and, with the
      continued expansion of the numbers of women physicians, will probably continue to
      grow.

PMID- 972374
TI  - A formative and summative evaluation model for special educational programs.
AB  - During the past two decades the problems of recruiting minority students into
      careers in the health fields have been addressed by many educators and various
      special study groups. Recent efforts by schools of medicine and allied health
      sciences to find viable solutions to the problem have facilitated implementation
      of career exploration and study-skills programs. Although the focus and
      sophistication of evaluation designs vary substantially among educational
      programs of this type, all share some common problems. The positions taken by the
      authors is that evaluation, both during and at the end of a program, is an
      essential aspect of the program and that the use of a systematic evaluation model
      is central to this effort. Data are presented which illustrate the utility of a
      systematic evaluation model when applied in a realistic test situation (an
      operational program for minority students). Several advantages of using this
      model are discussed.

PMID- 972375
TI  - Designing a curriculum in a clinical setting: an iterative process.
AB  - A curriculum for the training of medical students was designed and implemented in
      a functioning clinical setting. The multidisciplinary, multiprofessional staff of
      a primary care center participated with professional educators in an iterative
      process for curriculum development. A three-stage plan was conceived:
      behaviorally oriented educational objectives were constructed, instructional
      methodologies to satisfy these objectives were created, and evaluation
      instruments were designed. Throughout each stage the educators facilitated the
      process by teaching the staff the necessary techniques for the design and
      implementation of the curriculum. The curriculum that resulted from this process
      is focused on those issues that are important to team delivery of primary care.
      An important outcome of the project is the increased enthusiasm and competence of
      the professional staff in the teaching of students in the health professions.

PMID- 972377
TI  - Basic principles of remote-site clinical education.

PMID- 972376
TI  - Institutional selectivity as a predictor of applicant selection and success in
      Medical School.

PMID- 972378
TI  - A faculty educational development program and an evaluation of its evaluation.

PMID- 972379
TI  - Graduate education in health administration: five years' experience in a medical
      school setting.

PMID- 972380
TI  - Teaching practice management in a family practice residency.

PMID- 972381
TI  - The effect of different preclinical programs on performance in a pediatric
      clerkship.

PMID- 972382
TI  - Competency in Pediatrics.

PMID- 972383
TI  - Data exchange.

PMID- 972384
TI  - Applicants for 1975-76 First-Year Medical School Class.

PMID- 972385
TI  - Reducing inappropriate classroom behaviour of retarded students through three
      procedures of differential reinforcement.

PMID- 972386
TI  - Short-term and long-term recall of familiar objects by trainable and educable
      mentally retarded and normal individuals of comparable mental age.

PMID- 972387
TI  - Acquisition of sign reading by transfer of stimulus control in a retarded deaf
      girl.

PMID- 972388
TI  - Crystallization of a non-muscle actin.

PMID- 972389
TI  - On the conformation of proteins: the handedness of the beta-strand-alpha-helix
      beta-strand unit.

PMID- 972390
TI  - Shape and size of bovine rhodopsin: a small-angle x-ray scattering study of a
      rhodopsin-detergent complex.

PMID- 972391
TI  - The hand of the stacked-disk aggregate of tobacco mosaic virus protein.

PMID- 972392
TI  - Arrangement of length heterogeneity in repeating units of amplified and
      chromosomal ribosomal DNA from Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 972393
TI  - Patterns of ribosomal DNA spacer lengths are inherited.

PMID- 972394
TI  - Conformation of acetylcholine at muscarinic nerve receptors: crystal and
      molecular structure of 2-trimethylammoniummethyl-5-methyl furan iodide (5
      methylfurmethide iodide).

PMID- 972395
TI  - The crystal structure of tyrosyl-transfer RNA synthetase at 2-7 A resolution.

PMID- 972396
TI  - Light microscope study of mixed helices in reconstituted Salmonella flagella.

PMID- 972397
TI  - Structure of T4 polyheads. II. A pathway of polyhead transformation as a model
      for T4 capsid maturation.

PMID- 972398
TI  - Collagen fibrogenesis and the formation of complex crosslinks.

PMID- 972399
TI  - Unit cell dimensions of crystalline horseradish peroxidase.

PMID- 972400
TI  - The binding of 125I-labelled rabbit globin messenger RNA to reticulocyte
      ribosomes.

PMID- 972401
TI  - Characterization of the ribosome-protected regions of 125I-labelled rabbit globin
      messenger RNA.

PMID- 972402
TI  - Dehydrated circular DNA: electron microscopy of ethanol-condensed molecules.

PMID- 972403
TI  - Involvement of membrane systems in heart failure due to intracellular calcium
      overload and deficiency.

PMID- 972404
TI  - Regulation of energy metabolism by creatine in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells
      in culture.

PMID- 972405
TI  - Filament systems in purkinje cells of the sheep heart: possible alterations of
      myofibrillogenesis.

PMID- 972406
TI  - The relationship between mechanical stress and myofibrillar organization in heart
      Purkinje fibres.

PMID- 972407
TI  - Effect of ethanol on contraction and relaxation of isolated rat ventricular
      muscle.

PMID- 972408
TI  - Histochemistry of creatine phosphokinase.

PMID- 972409
TI  - Cardiac muscle function during and after hypoxia: effects of glucose
      concentration, mannitol and isoproternol.

PMID- 972410
TI  - [Anti reflux plasty by submucous "advancement" of the ureter. An experience of
      384 malformative vesico-renal cases which were operated (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors present their experience of 384 ureters which were operated for
      malformative vesico-renal reflux by the technique of submucous advancement of the
      ureter. The quality of the results from the standpoints of ureteric function and
      that of sterility of the urine shows the quality of this technique.

PMID- 972411
TI  - [Uretero-cutaneous fistula following resection of the rectum].

PMID- 972412
TI  - [Several examples of urinary complications following resection of the rectum].

PMID- 972413
TI  - [Urinary incontinence following abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum in
      women. Apropos of 1 case treated by uretero-ileo-cytoplasty].

PMID- 972414
TI  - [Early anuria following extended recto-colectomy. Apropos of 1 case treated
      successfully with cortisone].

PMID- 972415
TI  - [Urologic complications of surgery of the rectum].

PMID- 972416
TI  - [Ureteral complications of surgery of rectal cancer].

PMID- 972417
TI  - [Urethral stenosis following surgery of the cancerous rectum].

PMID- 972418
TI  - [Urethro and vesico-perineal fistula following resection of the rectum for
      cancer].

PMID- 972419
TI  - [Stress incontinence: symptoms. Anatomo-radiological and urodynamic exploration
      by flow-metry (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors study stress incontinence, symptom and not disease, an entity which
      is rarely found in the pure state in the 21 cases presented. After analysis of
      the physio-pathological factors concerning stress incontinence, they present the
      results of a dynamic study by flow measurement (flow-metry). This enabled
      division of the incontinent patients into 3 groups, depending on the amount of
      flow, on micturition, normal, increased, decreased. Each group has common anatomo
      radiological points, perhaps permitting a new dynamic classification of
      symptomatic stress incontinence.

PMID- 972420
TI  - [Micturition in early urological sequelae of resection of the rectum].

PMID- 972421
TI  - [Multiple recurrence and degeneration of an excreto-urinary tumor developing for
      12 years].

PMID- 972422
TI  - [Action of pipemidic acid in urinary tract infection. 150 cases].

PMID- 972423
TI  - [Socalled "primary" megaureter in the child and adult. Comparative study of 46
      megaureters (author's transl)].
AB  - This analysis covering 46 MU in 36 patients, of which 16 were adults, shows the
      greater gravity in the child, with regards to the renal lesions as well as the
      degree of ureteric dilatation. The advantage of quantitative renal scintigraphic
      scanning in the evaluation of renal involvement is stressed. On the other hand,
      with regards to the results of conservative surgery (21 Leedbetter-Politano
      antireflux uretero-vesical re-implantations of which 5 were complemented by
      Hendren type modeling ureteroplasty) there seems to be no difference between the
      children and adults: 18 good results, 2 of which after reintervention for
      stenosis and uretero-vesical reimplantation.

PMID- 972424
TI  - [Transperineal prostatography for the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Prostatography by perineal puncture is a remarkable technique for examination of
      patients with prostatic disorders. The authors prefer transperineal puncture of
      the prostate for the following reasons: 1) It is carried out under the guidance
      of the free right index finger in the rectum; 2) Infection has never been
      observed; 3) Stimultaneous biopsies taken from various regions of the prostate,
      for histological examination, is possible on changing the position of the needle.
      Perineal prostatography enabled one to: 1. Precisely see the extent of a cnacer.
      2. Discover lesions provoked by the tumor (necrotic zones, opacities). 3. Assert
      that extracapsular extension has taken place when the contrast medium has
      diffusep outside of the prostatic capsule. 4. Possibly establish the presence of
      latent carcinoma within a prostatic adenoma. These being all useful notions for
      treatment.

PMID- 972425
TI  - [Anatomical lesions of the upper urinary tract after abdomino-perineal resection
      of the rectum].

PMID- 972426
TI  - [Ureteral section during resection of the rectum. Repair after 48 hours].

PMID- 972427
TI  - [Ureteral invasion in recto-sigmoid cancer. Technical problems and possible
      solutions. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 972428
TI  - Defective interfering passages of Sindbis virus: nature of the defective virion
      RNA.
AB  - Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus contain 20S RNA identical to
      that found in BHK cells co-infected with standard and defective virions. We have
      characterized these RNAs by their oligonucleotide fingerprints. Most of the
      oligonucleotides were identical to those found in the mRNA (26S RNA) that codes
      for the virion structural proteins. Three oligonucleotides found in 20S RNA were
      absent from the 26S RNA pattern and may represent sequences from the 5' end of
      the virion RNA. Previous difficulties in describing the nature of the defective
      virion RNA were due to the aggregated state of the RNA. Nucleocapsids obtained
      from standard and defective virions were essentially the same size and had about
      the same density, suggesting that defective particles contain more than a single
      molecule of 20S RNA.

PMID- 972429
TI  - Genome localization of adeno-associated virus RNA.
AB  - In previous work, linear duplex molecules of adeno-associated virus, type 2
      (AAV2), DNA were cleaved with the restriction endonucleases R-EcoRI, R-HindII,
      and R-HindIII. The physical order of the specific fragments obtained was deduced
      and oriented with respect to the DNA strand polarity and the direction of
      transcription. Stable AAV RNA is transcribed only from 70% of the minus DNA
      strand. We report here RNA-DNA hybridization experiments using these restriction
      fragments to obtain a more accurate map of the portion of the AAV genome
      represented in stable RNA. The data obtained with several sets of restriction
      fragments annealed to either whole-cell RNA or poly(A)-containing RNA were
      internally consistent. The AAV RNA annealed with a continuous region of the AAV
      DNA, beginning at 0.18 map units (18%) from the left end of the molecule and
      ending at 0.88 map units. In addition, the restriction endonuclease BamHI was
      found to make one specific cleavage in AAV2 DNA at 0.22 map units, which is 0.04
      map units (i.e., 160 nucleotides) to the right (""down stream'') of the point
      corresponding to the 5' end of the viral mRNA.

PMID- 972430
TI  - Isolation of a transcriptive complex from Newcastle disease virions.
AB  - An active transcriptive complex was isolated from purified virions of Newcastle
      disease virus. After disruption with Triton X-100 and high salt, soluble and
      particulate fractions were separated by density gradient centrifugation. The
      transcriptive complex, recovered at a density of 1.275 g/cm3, appeared as a
      nucleocapsid structure by electron microscopy. When analyzed by polyacryl-amide
      gel electrophoresis, the nucleocapsids consisted of the nucleocapsid protein, a
      minor protein of 53,000 molecular weight, and the large L protein. Nucleocapsids
      possessed less than 1% of the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities
      originally associated with virions. The active complex synthesized predominantly
      11 to 20S RNA in vitro and approximately one-fourth of the RNA molecules
      contained polyadenylic acid segments. In the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine,
      the RNA molecules were capped and methylated at the 5' termini. The transcriptive
      complex was also capable of methylating exogenous Escherichia coli RNA in the
      absence of viral RNA synthesis.

PMID- 972431
TI  - Replication of T4 DNA in vitro. II. Assay system for and some properties of gene
      products required for T4 DNA replication.
AB  - [3H]dTTP was not incorporated into T4 DNA in the in vitro system for T4 DNA
      replication when the system was prepared from cells infected with T4 amber
      mutants defective in DNA replication. [3H]dTTP incorporation was resumed by
      adding the missing gene product to the defective system. DNA replication by the
      reconstituted system proceeded by the discontinuous mode of replication, as
      observed in the wild-type system. By using this in vitro complementation system,
      molecular weights of gene 41, 43, 44, 45, and 62 products in the active form were
      roughly estimated as 60,000, 130,000, 130,000, 60,000, and 130,000, respectively.
      Complex formation between the products of genes 44 and 62 was detected. Other
      strong interactions between the gene products tested were not detected by
      glycerol density gradient sedimentation. Interaction of gene products with
      denatured DNA was analyzed by using a DNA-agarose column, and the results showed
      that products of genes 32 and 43 had a strong affinity for DNA.

PMID- 972432
TI  - Characterization of an RNA-a protein complex isolated from the RNA bacteriophage
      M12.
AB  - The properties of an RNA-A protein complex isolated from the RNA bacteriophage
      M12 are described. The molar ratio of RNA to A protein in the complex is
      estimated to be 1:1. In sucrose gradients, the complex sediments like free RNA
      molecules. In contrast to RNA alone, which can only infect spheroplasts, the RNA
      A protein complex infects intact Escherichia coli cells and produces infectious
      progeny particles like the original phage. Evidence is presented that the
      infection of the host cells by the complex takes place via F pili. All of the
      infectivity disappears if the ionic bonds of RNA to A protein in the complex are
      dissociated in 0.5 M sodium chloride buffer at 37 degrees C. Furthermore, the
      kinetics of complex dissociation and loss of infectivity are the same, implying
      that the binding of A protein to the RNA is a prerequisite for infectivity on
      intact host cells.

PMID- 972433
TI  - Thymidine metabolism and DNA synthesis in Newcastle disease virus-infected cells.
AB  - The inhibition of thymidine incorporation into DNA in Newcastle disease virus
      infected cells has been studied. At 6 h after infection of L-929 cells at high
      multiplicity, transport of exogenous thymidine across the cell membrane was
      inhibited. The kinetics of this inhibition, decreased Vmax with no change in Km,
      suggest that there are fewer sites available for transport in infected cells. The
      conversion of thymidine to dTTP was not inhibited. Equilibrium of exogenous
      thymidine with the acid-soluble pool occurred more slowly and at a lower level of
      radioactivity than in uninfected cells, and there was a reduction in the rate of
      incorporation of exogenous thymidine into DNA. The reduction of incorporation
      into the pool and into DNA was proportionate. The size of total cellular dTTP
      pools was changed very little in infected cells. DNA synthesized in infected
      cells in the presence of [3H]BrdUrd had reduced incorporation of tritium but
      similar buoyant density to that from uninfected cells. The results show that
      Newcastle disease virus inhibits DNA synthesis directly and, in addition,
      decreases thymidine transport. Together these account for the overall decrease in
      thymidine incorporation into DNA of infected cells.

PMID- 972434
TI  - Adenovirus transcription. IV. Synthesis of viral-specific RNA in human cells
      infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of adenovirus 5.
AB  - Cytoplasmic RNA sequences produced in HeLa cells infected with the adeno-virus 5
      temperature-sensitive mutants ts1, ts2, ts9, ts17, ts18, ts19, ts20, ts22, ts49,
      ts36, and ts125 were characterized by hybridization to DNA probes generated by
      strand separation of restriction endonuclease fragments of adenovirus 5 DNA. Two
      ""early'' mutants defective in DNA synthesis, ts125 and ts36, fail to make wild
      type levels of all previously reported classes of late RNA at the nonpermissive
      temperature. At 40.5 degrees C, both ts125 and ts36 synthesize a wild-type
      complement of early cytoplasmic RNA 16 h after infection. Under these conditions,
      no ""late'' cytoplasmic RNA sequences were observed. Similarly, nuclear RNA
      present in these cells resembled early cytoplasmic RNA rather than late nuclear
      RNA. All the late adenovirus 5 temperature-sensitive mutants synthesized normal
      wild-type levels of late cytoplasmic RNA at the nonpermissive temperature, except
      ts2, which appears to overproduce certain cytoplasmic species.

PMID- 972435
TI  - Single major polypeptide of a calicivirus: characterization by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and stabilization of virions by cross-linking with dimethyl
      suberimidate.
AB  - A calicivirus, San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 4, isolate 15FT, externally
      labelled with 125I, was shown by gel electrophoresis to possess a single major
      polypeptide. The polypeptide migrated anomalously upon electrophoresis in two
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) systems: more slowly than bovine serum albumin in a
      continuous phosphate-buffered system and more rapidly than bovine serum albumin
      in a discontinuous system. Estimated molecular weights in the two systems were
      approximately 71,000 and 64,000, respectively. There was no clear evidence for a
      minor virion polypeptide. Treatment of purified San Miguel sea lion virions with
      dimethyl suberimidate, a cross-linking reagent, preserved virion integrity during
      long-term storage at 4 degrees C. Oligomeric species of the polypeptide were
      observed upon electrophoresis of products from cross-linked virions. Based upon a
      preferred polypeptide molecular weight estimate of 71,000 and distribution of
      oligomeric species, a calicivirion model with 120 monomeric protein units is
      proposed as an alternative to a 180-unit model.

PMID- 972436
TI  - Structural proteins of La Crosse virus.
AB  - Preparations of La Crosse virus, a member of the California encephalitis group of
      bunyaviruses, were found to possess three major virion proteins. Two of the
      proteins were glycosylated (G1 and G2) and were located on the surface of the
      virus particles. These two glycoproteins were present in equimolar amounts and
      possessed apparent molecular weights of 120 X 10(3) and 34 X 10(3). Virion
      nucleocapsids, isolated by a nonionic detergent and salt treatment, contained
      another major protein, N (molecular weight = 23 X 10(3)). A large, but minor,
      protein species L (molecular weight = 180 X 10(3)) was also found in virus
      preparations. The approximate number of protein molecules per virion has been
      determined. Electron microscopy of purified La Crosse virus indicated that the
      virus particle (mean diameter, 91 nm) is enveloped and possesses irregular
      surface projections (length, 10 nm).

PMID- 972437
TI  - Methylation pattern of genomic RNA from Moloney murine leukemia virus.
AB  - 32P- and methyl-3H-labeled 70S Moloney murine leukemia virus RNA was purified
      from virions produced in Moloney murine leukemia virus-infected mouse embryo
      cells. Primer-free RNA subunits obtained by heat treatment and zonal
      centrifugation were digested with RNase T2, and methylated oligonucleotides were
      chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex in 7 M urea. Approximately one molecule of RNase
      T2-stable oligonucleotide (-5 charge) was isolated per subunit. Structural
      analysis indicated that the sequence of the oligonucleotide is m7GpppGmpCp.
      Analysis of the mononucleotide fraction isolated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography
      of the RNase T2 digest identified 15 to 23 internal N6-methyladenylic acid
      molecules per subunit.

PMID- 972438
TI  - Pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 972439
TI  - Pheochromocytoma--a hemicentennial.

PMID- 972440
TI  - The influence of ventricular function on the results of aortic valve replacement
      for aortic stenosis.
AB  - Thirty-three patients who had aortic valve replacement (AVR) for isolated aortic
      stenosis (AS) were retrospectively evaluated to determine the influence of
      preoperative ventricular function on the results of operation. Patients were
      arbitrarily divided by ejection fraction (EF) into Group I having EF 0.46 or
      above and Group II having EF 0.45 or below. Group II had significantly lower mean
      EF and cardiac index and higher left ventricular end-diastolic volume index and
      end-diastolic pressure. There were two early and no late deaths in 21 Group I
      patients. There were no early and five late deaths in 12 Group II patients. All
      Group I survivors and six of 12 Group II patients were New York Heart Association
      (NYHA) functional Class I or II at follow-up evaluation. No preoperative
      hemodynamic index was predictive of which Group II patients would do well.
      Mortality was substantially higher in patients with severe preoperative
      disability. Early or late death occurred in five of 12 patients who were NYHA
      functional Class IV before operation but in only two of 21 patients who were
      functional Class II or III preoperatively. We conclude that patients with
      isolated AS and poor left ventricular function have a low hospital mortality but
      an increased risk of late death or poor functional result following AVR.
      Excellent functional results can be obtained after AVR in most patients with AS
      and good left ventricular function and approximately half of the patients with AS
      and poor left ventricular function.

PMID- 972441
TI  - Prostaglandins: effects on blood pressure, renal blood flow, sodium and water
      excretion.

PMID- 972442
TI  - Role of monovalent ions in the reabsorption of fluid by isolated perfused
      proximal renal tubules of the rabbit.
AB  - Proximal convoluted tubules were dissected from rabbit kidneys and perfused in
      vitro in order to determine the effect of monovalent ions on fluid absorption and
      transepithelial voltage. Replacement of sodium in the perfusate and bath by
      lithium, tetramethyl ammonium or choline caused the rate of fluid absorption and
      voltage to fall to near zero. Replacement of potassium in the bath by sodium had
      the identical effect. Replacement of chloride by nitrate or perchlorate had
      comparatively little effect. The results are consistent with the generally held
      view that active sodium transport (mediated by a Na- and K- activated adenosine
      triphosphatase) is the primary process responsible for the absorption of the
      fluid and the voltage. Replacement of bicarbonate in the perfusate and bath by
      chloride caused the rate of fluid absorption to decrease by 33%. The possible
      relation between sodium transport and bicarbonate is discussed.

PMID- 972443
TI  - Influence of volume expansion on NaC1 reabsorption in the diluting segments of
      the nephron: a study using clearance methods.
AB  - Whether volume expansion influences NaC1 reabsorption by the diluting segment of
      the nephron remains a matter of controversy. In the present studies this question
      has been examined in normal unanesthetized dogs, undergoing maximal water
      diuresis. Free water clearance (CH2O/GFR) has been used as the index of NaC1
      reabsorption in the diluting segment. Three expressions have been employed for
      "distal delivery" of NaC1: a) V/GFR, designated as the "volume term"; b) (CNa/GFR
      + CH2O/GFR), the "sodium term;" and c) (CC1/GFR + CH2O/GFR), the "chloride term".
      The validity of these terms is discussed. Three techniques were used to increase
      distal delivery: 1) the administration of acetazolamide to dogs in which
      extracellular fluid (ECF) volume was not expanded (grop 1); 2) "moderate" volume
      expansion (group 2); and 3) "marked" volume expansion (group 3). CH2O/GFR
      increased progressively with rising values for "distal delivery" regardless of
      which term was used to calculate the latter. With all three delivery terms,
      differences in distal NaC1 reabsorption emerged between the two volume-expanded
      groups, though only with the "chloride" term did substantial differences also
      emerge between the nonexpanded group 1 dogs and both volume-expanded groups. In
      group 1, values for CH2O/GFR increased in close to a linear fashion up to distal
      delivery values equal to 24% of the volume of glomerular filtrate. However, at
      high rates of distal delivery the rate of rise of CH2O/GFR was less in group 2
      than in group 1 and the depression of values was even greater in group 3. Within
      the limits of the techniques used, the data suggest that volume expansion
      inhibits fractional NaC1 reabsorption in the diluting segment of the nephron in a
      dose-related fashion. The "chloride" term was found to be superior to the
      "volume" and "sodium" terms in revealing these changes.

PMID- 972444
TI  - Variations in muscle cell protein of severely uremic children.
AB  - Alkali-solution protein (ASP) was determined in the muscle of 17 controls and 32
      uremic children including 9 patients receiving intermittent hemodialysis. With
      regard to fat-free solids content (FFS), ASP values were found to be lower in
      uremic children than in normal subjects (59.2 +/- 1.6 vs. 76.4 +/- 1.9 g/100 g of
      FFS). This decrease was greater in hemodialyzed children (53.8 +/- 1.6 g/100 g of
      FFS). ASP depletion was found also when the results were expressed in relation to
      muscle potassium and phosphorus and therefore appeared to be due to an actual
      decrease in the amount of proteins per cell. ASP values were especially low (52.2
      +/- 2.8 g/100 g of FFS) in seven nondialyzed children receiving a low protein
      diet (less than 0.165 g of N/kg of body wt/day) and in patients with a height
      below 2 SD (56.3 +/- 3.1 g/100 g of FFS). In the nine cases of
      glomerulonephritis, loss of muscle protein sfollowed plasma protein depletion. A
      relationship was found between plasma transferrin concentration and ASP. ASP
      depletion seemed to be related to the level of renal insufficiency. However, the
      most important factor in ASP depletion was probably an inadequate protein intake
      associated with the possible metabolic effects of uremix toxins which are
      currently unknown.

PMID- 972445
TI  - Effect of dialysate calcium concentration on bone disease in patients on
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Plasma biochemistry, bone radiology and morphometry were studied in a group of 20
      patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The aim was to determine if
      increasing the dialysate calcium concentration would decrease plasma parathyroid
      hormone and improve the radiologic appearances of bone in patients without
      producing serious side effects. Dialysate calcium concentration was increased
      stepwise from 4.5 to 6.0 and then to 7.0 mg/100 ml. Mean predialysis plasma
      calcium concentration increased from 9.4 to 9.7 and then to 10.0 mg/100 ml and
      mean predialysis phosphate concentration increased from 5.3 to 5.6 mg/100 ml.
      Parathyroid hormone concentration was elevated in all patients but the mean
      concentration did not change significantly although in seven patients a decrease
      occurred. Six patients had radiologic signs of renal bone disease, two patients
      showed improvement and three patients developed bone disease during the study.
      The patients with radiologic bone disease had the highest parathyroid hormone
      concentrations and the majority were female. Morphometric bone measurements
      showed that bone loss during the study occurred mainly in the male patients. Soft
      tissue calcification continued to appear during the study. Although the response
      to some patients to an increased dialysate calcium concentration was favorable,
      it was impossible to predict which types of patient would benefit from the use of
      a dialysate calcium concentration of 7.0 mg/100 ml.

PMID- 972446
TI  - [Treatment of wound infection, phlegmons, abscesses, paronychia and other
      suppurative-inflammatory diseases].

PMID- 972447
TI  - [Serological indicators in patients with suppurative processes in the abdominal
      cavity caused by Proteus infection].

PMID- 972448
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium in patients with cancer of the esophagus and cardial
      portion of the stomach at different stages of combined treatment].

PMID- 972449
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of prolonged crush syndrome].

PMID- 972450
TI  - [Diagnosis of frostbite and other types of cold-induced lesions].

PMID- 972451
TI  - [Functional-anatomical characteristics of arterial bed of the lower limbs in
      obliterating diseases].

PMID- 972452
TI  - [Glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in patients with arterial
      thromboobliterating diseases of the lower limbs before and after complex
      treatment].

PMID- 972453
TI  - [Remote results of surgical treatment of pathologically mobile kidney].

PMID- 972454
TI  - [Electroencephalography, rheoencephalography and echoencephalography in the
      diagnosis of closed cranio-cerebral trauma].

PMID- 972455
TI  - [Perforating gangrenous cholecystitis in a severely burned patient].

PMID- 972456
TI  - [Toxic-allergic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome)].

PMID- 972457
TI  - [Automated information systems in surgery and resuscitation].

PMID- 972458
TI  - [Complex treatment of acute peritonitis of different etiology].

PMID- 972459
TI  - [Adhesive disease as 1 of the remote after effects of radiation-induced lesions
      of the abdomen].

PMID- 972460
TI  - [Method of venesection in children].

PMID- 972461
TI  - [Portable resuscitation complex for resuscitation wards and intensive care
      units].

PMID- 972462
TI  - [Needle-scalpel for intrahepatic cholangiography and opening of the duct for the
      purpose of drainage].

PMID- 972463
TI  - [Device for determination of projection of the renal pelvis in antegrade
      pyelography].

PMID- 972464
TI  - [Effect of surgical trauma and endotracheal anesthesia on the cholinesterase
      activity].

PMID- 972465
TI  - [Roentgeno-anatomic characteristics of atherosclerotic occlusive lesions of
      arteries of the lower extremities in a stante of severe ischemia].

PMID- 972466
TI  - [Microflora of surgical wounds in oncologic patients and its resistance to
      antibiotics].

PMID- 972467
TI  - [Restoration of the motoricity of the gastro-intestinal tract in patients with
      diffuse peritonitis under conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 972468
TI  - [Relationship between clinico-biochemical manifestations of the dumping syndrome
      and autonomic shifts in the body].

PMID- 972469
TI  - [Modified gastric resection after Moynihan for gastroduodenal ulcer].

PMID- 972470
TI  - [Primary esophagoplasty in combined treatment of cancer of the thoracic portion
      of the esophagus].

PMID- 972471
TI  - [Management of patients with external biliary tract drainage in the postoperative
      period].

PMID- 972472
TI  - [Pulmonary artery embolism].

PMID- 972473
TI  - [Hemocoagulant properties of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 972474
TI  - [Relationship between the surgical method of treating ulcer disease and the
      evacuatory function of the stomach and intestine].

PMID- 972475
TI  - [Rare cases of gastroduodenal ulcer penetration].

PMID- 972476
TI  - [Assessment of methods of treating patients with pyopneumothorax arising in acute
      lung abscess and abscessing pneumonia].

PMID- 972477
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of anastomotic peptic ulcers].

PMID- 972478
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical tactics in acute thrombosis of the aortic bifurcation].

PMID- 972479
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of aneurysm of the ostium of the great subcutaneous
      vein].

PMID- 972480
TI  - [Repeated spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder against a
      background of alcohol abuse].

PMID- 972481
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in patients
      with opistorchiasis].

PMID- 972482
TI  - [Perforating gastroduodenal ulcer among workers in metalluric production].

PMID- 972483
TI  - [Rare case of acute ulcerative gastric hemorrhage in pyloric stenosis causing
      death of a child].

PMID- 972484
TI  - [Vagotomy in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 972485
TI  - [Acute plastic peritonitis following gastric resection].

PMID- 972486
TI  - [Removal of foreign bodies from the stomach by means of gastrofibroscopy].

PMID- 972487
TI  - [Treatment of hemangiomas with carbon dioxide snow].

PMID- 972488
TI  - [Case of anaerobic infection in a 4-year-old child].

PMID- 972489
TI  - [Case of phlegmon of Milgram's space in a patient with chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 972490
TI  - [Fibrinolysis in acute pancreatitis and the effect of drugs].

PMID- 972491
TI  - [Blunt abdominal trauma with prolapse of the ileum through the anus].

PMID- 972492
TI  - [Surgical treatment of varicose veins of the shin].

PMID- 972493
TI  - [Differentiation of chronic lymphedema and elephantiasis of the lower limbs].

PMID- 972494
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of Reiter's disease].

PMID- 972495
TI  - [Surgical treatment of impotence caused by stenosis of the hypogastric arteries].

PMID- 972496
TI  - [Protracted obstructive jaundice caused by intraorganic liver angiomas].

PMID- 972497
TI  - [Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 972498
TI  - [Adrenogenital syndrome caused by 11-B-hydroxylase deficiency].

PMID- 972499
TI  - [Hereditary form of Dercum's disease].

PMID- 972500
TI  - [Case of Weber-Christian systemic disease].

PMID- 972501
TI  - [Lyell's syndrome as a more severe form of allergic reaction to phinlepsin
      (carbamazepine)].

PMID- 972502
TI  - [Clinical aspects and pathomorphology of Lyell's syndrome].

PMID- 972503
TI  - [Case of diabetes mellitus in a patient with Marfan's syndrome].

PMID- 972504
TI  - [Case of Bonnevie-Ullrich syndrome associated with cystosis of the kidneys].

PMID- 972505
TI  - [Disputable problems of immunosuppressive therapy with cytostatic drugs].

PMID- 972506
TI  - [Formulation and structure of clinical and pathoanatomical diagnosis].

PMID- 972507
TI  - [Changes in the gastrointestinal tract in patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency treated by hemodialysis].

PMID- 972508
TI  - [Changes in the internal organs of persons having been injured during the Great
      Patriotic War].

PMID- 972509
TI  - [Surgical pathology of the thoracic duct].

PMID- 972510
TI  - [Nonspecific immunobiological reactivity of patients with lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 972511
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of tuberculoma and peripheral lung cancer].

PMID- 972512
TI  - [Pathomorphism of lung cancer after preoperative treatment].

PMID- 972513
TI  - [Possibilities of endoscopic diagnosis of superficial stomach cancer].

PMID- 972514
TI  - [Morphological disorders after reconstructive surgery of the stomach].

PMID- 972515
TI  - [Current state of the problem of reversibility of pathological changes in the
      organs].

PMID- 972516
TI  - [Differential clinico-roentgenological diagnosis of esophageal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 972517
TI  - [Analysis of the causes of deviation from the recessive type of heredity of
      mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 972518
TI  - [Difficulties and errors of diagnosis of obliterated forms of chronic colitis].

PMID- 972519
TI  - [Metastasis of breast cancer into the skin].

PMID- 972520
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of Darier-Ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma].

PMID- 972521
TI  - [Immunosuppressive therapy of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 972522
TI  - [Clinical course and treatment of nephrogenic pulmonary edema].

PMID- 972523
TI  - [Dynamics of concentration of insulin and growth hormone in blood serum in
      chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 972524
TI  - [Steroid hormones in erysipelas].

PMID- 972525
TI  - A note on the determination of cobalt in animal liver.

PMID- 972526
TI  - On the nutritive value of various starches for the albino rat.

PMID- 972527
TI  - A survey of fish products for volatile N-nitrosamines.

PMID- 972528
TI  - Feeding value of silage: silages made from freshly cut grass, wilted grass and
      formic acid treated wilted grass.

PMID- 972529
TI  - Characterisation of induced high protein and high lysine mutants in barley.

PMID- 972530
TI  - The rapid determination of trace elements in soils and plants by x-ray
      fluorescence analysis.

PMID- 972531
TI  - Pancreatic cancer diagnosis: preliminary evaluation of a prospective study.

PMID- 972532
TI  - Carotid artery transposition for repeated arterial pressure measurements.

PMID- 972533
TI  - Hemodynamic response to exercise in dogs treated with 6-hydroxy-dopamine.

PMID- 972534
TI  - Indium-111 chloride scanning for identification of experimental abscesses.

PMID- 972535
TI  - The effect of spinal fusion on intervertebral disc composition: an experimental
      study.

PMID- 972536
TI  - Confabulation in Korsakoff's psychosis. Comment on the report by Keller and
      Efron.

PMID- 972537
TI  - Some factors affecting the likelihood of moderate drinking by treated alcoholics.
AB  - The 1-year outcome in alcoholics who participated in an outpatient alcoholism
      treatment program which stressed moderate drinking as the ultimate treatment goal
      was investigated. The results suggest that such an approach, in an otherwise
      conventional treatment program, is likely to result in a higher rate of moderate
      drinking and a lower rate of abstinence but not in a higher over-all recovery
      rate than a total-abstinence orientation.

PMID- 972538
TI  - Assessing alcoholism treatment effectiveness. A comparison of three evaluative
      measures.
AB  - The success rates of patients in an alcoholism treatment unit were evaluated
      according to three criteria: vocational rehabilitation, abstinence and a
      behavioral rating scale. The three measures yielded success rates of 70, 34 and
      62%, respectively.

PMID- 972539
TI  - Prognostic indicators for black and white alcoholics in the U.S. Navy.
AB  - Among 132 Black and 1384 White Navy enlisted men, about the same proportion of
      each group (76 and 77%) returned to effective duty after treatment for
      alcoholism. The best predictors of the sailors' effective recovery after
      treatment were favorable prognoses by treatment personnel, and their being
      promoted above the lowest grades of pay.

PMID- 972540
TI  - Referral to alcoholism programs in industry. Coercion, confrontation and choice.
AB  - Employees highly coerced into entering industrial alcoholism programs because of
      affected job performance reported a higher proportion of work improvement than
      those in treatment for other reasons.

PMID- 972541
TI  - Locus of control among alcoholics. Some empirical and conceptual issues.
AB  - Research on locus of control of reinforcement of alcoholics is reviewed. The
      results are unclear, and a need for the further study of the construct validity
      of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, as applied to alcoholics, is demonstrated.

PMID- 972542
TI  - Aggressive behavior of intoxicated subjects. The effect of third-party
      intervention.
AB  - Intoxicated and nonintoxicated subjects competed in a reaction-time situation in
      the presence of either a pressuring observer or a silent observer. The
      intoxicated subjects initiated a higher level of attack than the nonintoxicated
      subjects. The social pressure manipulation was effective in reducing the
      aggressive behavior of both groups.

PMID- 972543
TI  - Impressions of Jewish alcoholics.
AB  - Jews, constituting 6% of the adult population in Toronto, contributed 0.5% of all
      admissions to one private and one public clinic for alcoholism during a 10-year
      period. Their demographic, sociocultural and psychological characteristics, and
      several modes of adjustment to being Jewish alcoholics, are described.

PMID- 972544
TI  - Shifts in the water and alcohol solution intake by rats under conditions of
      schedule induction.
AB  - Choice between a 5% alcohol solution and water by rats was labile when both were
      drunk to excess under conditions of schedule induction. Selection of the two
      fluids could be stabilized by sweetening the alcohol solution with saccharin.

PMID- 972545
TI  - Alcohol consumption by rat and mouse strains. Functions of taste and alcohol
      deprivation.
AB  - Three groups of animals (two of rats and one of mice) were tested to determine
      the effects of alcohol deprivation and the addition of sweetener to an alcohol
      solution on the animals' intake of alcohol.

PMID- 972546
TI  - Effects of ethanol intake on the immune system of guinea pigs.
AB  - Groups of guinea pigs were maintained with alcohol solutions not sufficient to
      result in liver dysfunction prior to and during investigations designed to
      determine whether ethanol would nonetheless impair cell-mediated or humoral
      immunity. No impairment of either was observed in any of the experimental groups.

PMID- 972547
TI  - Alcohol education for alcoholics. Relation to attitude changes and posttreatment
      abstinence.
AB  - Test results of 98 inpatient alcoholics revealed that improvements in attitudes
      toward treatment were positively related to gains in some areas of knowledge of
      alcoholism, but a gain in knowledge was not related to posthospital abstinence.

PMID- 972548
TI  - Induction of alcohol selection in laboratory rats by ultraviolet light.
AB  - Rats exposed to ultraviolet light with maximum emission at 350 nm showed a stable
      intake of alcohol over water. A control group of animals exposed to white
      fluorescence light did not drink more alcohol than water.

PMID- 972549
TI  - Disulfiram-induced convulsions without challenge by alcohol.
AB  - A patient who had several grand-mal seizures while taking disulfiram in the
      absence of a challenge with alcohol is described and some of the possible
      mechanisms for this occurrence are discussed.

PMID- 972550
TI  - Alcoholism, cigarette smoking, coffee drinking and extraversion.
AB  - Alcoholic patients smoked significantly more cigarettes and drank more cups of
      coffee than nonalcoholic psychiatric patients even when the higher extraversion
      scores of the alcoholics, as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory, were
      statistically controlled.

PMID- 972551
TI  - Drinking outcome of specific alcoholic subgroups.
AB  - Alcoholic's scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Drinking Behavior
      Inventory, the MacAndre Alcoholism Scale and Rohan's classification system for
      alcoholics were not related to drinking behavior during or after a treatment
      program that permitted drinking.

PMID- 972552
TI  - Self-esteem in alcoholics and nonalcoholics.
AB  - Alcoholics scored lower on a test of self-esteem than did nonalcoholics,
      Alcoholics with lower self-esteem were found to be more willing to seek treatment
      than those with higher self-esteem.

PMID- 972553
TI  - Compliance techniques to increase mailed questionnaire return rates from
      alcoholics.
AB  - The effects of three compliance techniques were examined. None elicited more
      returns than did a conventional mailed questionnaire.

PMID- 972554
TI  - A geographical analysis of drunken drivers.
AB  - The "nearest-neighbor" spatial approach proved a useful tool in defining the
      geographic distribution pattern of persons arrested for drunken driving.

PMID- 972556
TI  - Saving taxes on the sale of your personal residence.

PMID- 972555
TI  - Radiological case of the month: spontaneous rupture of the stomach.

PMID- 972557
TI  - Rehabilitation medicine.

PMID- 972558
TI  - Studying the impact of patient drug profiles in an HMO.
AB  - The objectives of the study were to determine if a drug profile quantitatively
      and qualitatively influenced various aspects of drug utilization. A group of
      1,632 medically indigent persons enrolled in the Kaiser Health Plan constituted
      the study population. This population received completely prepaid medical care
      including drug services from the Kaiser Medical Care Program. A computer-based
      chronological and monthly updated listing of drugs ordered and prescriptions
      received was provided as the front page of the centralized outpatient medical
      chart for a randomly selected half of the study population for a full year.
      Duplicate and bound copies of these patient drug profiles were also provided each
      outpatient pharmacy. The findings indicated the presence of the drug profile did
      not quantitatively or qualitatively affect prescription receipt of the group with
      the profile. Although the findings must be viewed in the contexts of the
      population served and the medical care setting, the findings strongly indicate
      the need for additional research to assess additional forms of drug profiles and
      under conditions not addressed by this study.

PMID- 972559
TI  - The role of group practice in the distribution of physicians in nonmetropolitan
      areas.
AB  - The geographic maldistribution of physicians persists as a major obstacle to
      improving the availability of health services in rural areas. This study looks at
      group practice as a potential factor in the location of physicians in
      nonmetropolitan areas. The basic assumptions are 1) the expected conditions of
      practice are critical to a physician's decision about where to locate, and 2) a
      group practice form of organization alleviates many of the deterrents to rural
      practice. The sample for the study is 287 nonmetropolitan trade areas in eight
      geographic regions of the U.S. Stepwise multiple regression is used to evaluate
      the relationship of demographic and health system variables, including group
      practice, to the physician/population ratio. Analyses are done for 1960 and 1970
      and then for the change over the ten-year time period. The regression outcomes
      show that income, population over age 64, and urbanization are most helpful in
      explaining physician distribution in 1960. In 1970, hospital facilities also
      contribute. However, the percentage change in the physician/population ratio
      between 1960 and 1970 is explained by the 1960 physician/population ratio and the
      per cent of physicians in group practice in 1960. The findings suggest that
      attractive practice arrangements may be one way to alter the geographic
      maldistribution of physicians.

PMID- 972560
TI  - Time utilization of a population of general surgeons in a prepaid group practice.
AB  - Seven general surgeons in a prepaid group practice previously shown to have a
      mean operative work load of 9.2 hernia equivalents (HE) per week were found to
      have a standardized mean daytime working week of 56.2 hours, exclusive of evening
      activities of which 50.7 hours were devoted to professional activities. The
      surgeons also devoted a mean of 6.7 evening hours per week to professional
      activities for a mean net professional week of 57.4 hours. Comparisons with a
      population of previously studied community surgeons revealed that the prepaid
      group surgeons were able to produce a surgical output more than double that of
      the community surgeons while devoting only one and a half as much time to
      professional activities. Economies in the utilization of surgical manpower in the
      prepaid group appear to stem from: 1) restriction of practice setting to a single
      geographic location, 2) restriction of patients to surgical patients, 3) reduced
      surgeon waiting time in the office, and 4) the utilization of paraprofessional
      personnel for selected operative assisting. These economies were achieved while
      the prepaid group surgeons were observed to average more time per patient visit
      both on rounds and in the office than the community surgeons.

PMID- 972561
TI  - Analyzing the start-up effects of new patients on an ambulatory care program.
AB  - Holmes County, Mississippi was the site of a pilot study to develop a community
      based program to combat hypertension, the primary health problem in the rural
      black community. Using experience gained during the pilot program, a model was
      developed that computes, over a sequence of planning periods, the personnel
      utilization and the treatment status of the patients as functions of treatment
      protocols, allocations of procedures to personnel, and the additions of new
      patients. The model can be used to study the impact of new patients on any
      ambulatory care program or any health maintenance organization in which there is
      unusually high personnel resource utilization during a patients first visit.

PMID- 972562
TI  - Satisfaction with health services: some policy implications.
AB  - Although consumer satisfaction with health services is a frequently measured
      variable in health services research, the relevance of this variable for health
      policy is not always clear. The present paper suggests two criteria for
      specifying the relevance of satisfaction with health services for policy at the
      organizational level. First, it should be shown that consumer satisfaction is the
      result of organizational behaviors that are manipulable by policy. second, where
      he has a choice, it should be shown that satisfaction affects the
      organizationally relevant behavior of the consumer. Data are presented that
      support both criteria. Several suggestions are made for maximizing the policy
      relevance of future studies of satisfaction.

PMID- 972563
TI  - Nursing homes and the Roemer-Feldstein hypothesis.
AB  - The theory of certification-of-need is based in large part on the Roemer
      Feldstein hypothesis, which holds that demand for services is proportional to bed
      supply. Athough developed solely from hospital data, this hypothesis is commonly
      assumed to hold for nursing homes as well. In fact, a high correlation between
      nursing home bed supply and bed utilization does exist. However, the rate of
      utilization should not be judged without reference to the appropriateness of use.
      Analysis of nursing home placement data revealed that overplacement of patients
      in skilled nursing facilities decreased as bed supply increased. These results
      suggest that the Roemer-Feldstein hypothesis may provide an inadequate rationale
      for regulation of nursing home bed supply. Further developments should be based
      on more sophisticated notions of bed supply, should make reference to the
      appropriateness of services, and should be subjected to empirical verification.

PMID- 972564
TI  - Politics and the health of children.

PMID- 972565
TI  - Inpatient hospital utilization in three prepaid comprehensive health care plans
      compared with a regular Blue Cross plan.
AB  - The evidence is substantial that comprehensive, HMO-type prepayment plans can
      significiantly reduce hospitalization rates. Yet it remains unclear which factors
      contribute to this phenomenon. This study focuses on organizational
      characteristics of four plans with different hospitalization experiences. Regular
      medical staff review and frequent use of second opinions and economies of scale
      achieved by providing care at one well-equipped, large health center appear to
      have the largest impact. However, such organizational advantages can easily be
      wiped out by adverse self-selection of patients during open-enrollment periods.
      Evidence of selection based on predictable high obstetrical and newborn care
      costs is presented.

PMID- 972566
TI  - Factors determining the quality of physician performance in patient care.
AB  - The study determined the separate and joint effects of 1) physician specialty, 2)
      type of medical school attended, 3) time in practice, 4) type of ambulatory care
      setting, and 5) type of hospital on the quality of physician performance in
      patient care. The sample consisted of 454 physicians in 18 specialty categories.
      Multiple Classification Analysis was used to determine the effects of these
      predictors on the quality of physician performance. The study found that the
      organization of hospital care had a large independent effect, but that the other
      four predictors had relatively small effects on the quality of physician
      performance. The findings imply that the organization of the setting in which
      care is provided has more influence than the education and training that
      physicians had attained. All five predictors together explained 20 per cent of
      the variance. Methodological suggestions were made to improve the explanatory
      power of the variables, and various pragmatic for medical care administrators
      were presented.

PMID- 972567
TI  - Correlates of outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure.
AB  - This study relates components of care, including patient characteristics, degree
      of initial morbidity, and process of care, to patient outcomes. One hundred
      twenty-two adults who were being treated for congestive heart failure by a sample
      of physicians in Fort Wayne, Indiana were studied. Data were obtained on the
      patients' personal characteristics; degree of illness at the beginning of the six
      month study period; process measures (physician awareness, communication,
      medication use, therapeutic management, patient satisfaction, and utilization of
      services); and level of activity and symptoms at the end of the study period.
      These components were quantified and subjected to correlation and regression
      analysis. The largest and most significant predictors of outcome status were
      measures of initial disease status. Process variables were strongly and
      significantly associated with outcome only in a group of patients who were
      minimally symptomatic initially. The lack of an overall association between
      process of medical care and patient outcome cannot be generalized beyond these
      patients with congestive heart failure. A similar approach of dissection,
      quantification, and analysis of components of care, however, can be used to
      explore a possible relationship in other conditions and care delivery settings.

PMID- 972568
TI  - [Catheterization of the umbilical vein, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Catheterization of the umbilical vein does allow direct access to the portal
      system, thus yielding information about the pathophysiology of the hepatic and
      splanchnic vessel system. Mesurement of the portal vein pressure in conditions of
      portal hypertension can be performed in the portal vein. A special, three
      compartment ballon catheter is available for mesurement of intrahepatic wedge
      pressure. Angiography of the umbilical vein allows earlier diagnosis of
      metastases within the liver than other diagnostic procedures. Intraportal
      application of cytostatic drugs using a long term indwelling umbilical vein
      catheter is feasible as well. Own experiences are as yet rather limited. Three
      patients have been treated up to now this way; evaluation of the therapeutic
      results is not yet possible, because of the short duration of therapy and because
      of the low number of patients. The technique of umbilical vein catheterization
      does not seem to present any problems. Complications are rare and did not occur
      in our series.

PMID- 972569
TI  - [The diameter of the pancreatic duct in relation to the size of the organ in
      chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)].
AB  - In 108 cases a postmortal pancreatography followed by histological examination
      was performed. The size of the pancreas could be measured on X-ray films after
      complete acinar filling. In normal cases organ size was proportional to the
      diameter of the duct, the diameter ranging between 2 and 4 mm (average 3,7 mm).
      In subjects with chronic pancreatitis, the diameter varied from 4 to 8 mm
      (average 5.7 mm). From these results it could be concluded, that the S/D-quotient
      (pancreatic surface seen on X-ray in cm2 divided by the greatest diameter of the
      main duct in mm) might be an aid in establishing the diagnosis of chronic
      pancreatitis in doubtful cases. In chronic pancreatitis the width of the duct
      generally increases while the size of the organ decreases due to scar formation,
      thereby clearly reducing the S/D-quotient. The average quotient of our normal
      cases was 24,2 and that for cases of chronic pancreatitis was 12,0.

PMID- 972570
TI  - [Unusual lethal outcome of percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In a 71 year old patient liver needle biopsy caused death 18 days after biopsy
      was done, resulting from hemorrhage into the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts.
      The biopsy had caused an acute exacerbation of a clinically latent cholangitis,
      followed by acute purulent pylephlebitis of intrahepatic branches with vascular
      arrosion. Data in the literature concerning complications after percutaneous or
      peritoneoscopic biopsy of the liver are quoted. The causes leading to the lethal
      outcome are discussed.

PMID- 972571
TI  - [Perforation of the esophagus by gastric tubes (author's transl)].
AB  - Esophageal lesions caused by gastric tubes are not rare nowadays. Perforation at
      the physiologically narrow sites of the esophagus is a wellknown mechanism as is
      the use of inflexible polyethylen tubes containing a mandrin. Within 12 months
      perforation of the esophagus caused by gastric probes occurred in four patients
      of our intensive care unit. Clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures and therapy
      of this complication are discussed, especially emphysizing the need of early
      diagnosis. The extent of complications arising from and the process of healing of
      this iatrogenic lesions depend upon the localization of the lesion and ypon early
      diagnosis.

PMID- 972572
TI  - [Selection of patients with gallstones for litholysis (author's transl)].
AB  - Drug therapy of cholelithiasis with chenodeoxycloic acid (CDC) will yield better
      results, if patients with new cholesterol stones are selected for therapy, since
      these stones dissolve quickly and completely. X-ray diagnosis of the different
      types of stones is discussed; radiolucent bilirubin stones with or without
      cholesterol covering and with low calcium content do present the most difficult
      diagnostic problems. Old cholesterol stones do not disolve completely. If
      litholysis is supposed to be succesful, the diameter of a solitary cholesterol
      stone should not be greater than 20 mm and the total volume of cholesterol stones
      should not occupy more than 50% of the gallbladder volume in order to allow
      sufficient contact of the stones with the bile. Litholysis may be stopped if
      calcium salts or pigments cover the surgace of the stone. At the present stage
      only 24% of all patients with gallstones are suited for CDC-therapy. Early
      diagnosis of cholelithiasis is essential, if CDC-therapy is to be applied more
      frequently and if this form of therapy is to have better effects.

PMID- 972573
TI  - [Radioquiz series i, number 7, case 23-26: solutions. Abdominal abscesses].

PMID- 972574
TI  - [Antegrade visualization of the billiary duct system by percutaneous transjugular
      cholangiography (author's transl)].
AB  - Percutaneous transjugular cholangiography (PTJC) is a new technique for
      visualization of the biliary duct system and for diagnosis of obstructive
      jaundice. First experiences of the authors in 22 patients are described. The
      advantages and disadvantages of this procedure, which at the present time is used
      rather rarely, are discussed and compared to various other cholangiographic
      methods. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was used for patients
      with obstructive jaundice of unknown origine in the first place. If the biliary
      duct system could not be visualized by ERC (failure of complete obstruction of
      the common bile duct), the antegrade technique (PTJC) was performed. The
      peritoneoscopic and the transjugular cholangiography yield about the same
      percentage of positive results (90%), as far as visualization of the biliary tree
      is concerned. However in contrast to the peritoneoscopic methods PTJC seems to
      bear a smaller risk of complications. Some further diagnostic and therapeutical
      advantages, which might result from the use of PTJC are pointed out.

PMID- 972575
TI  - Identification of plant sterols in plasma and red blood cells of man and
      experimental animals.
AB  - Direct gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of total plasma lipids showed small peaks
      (0.5-1.5% of total free sterol area) corresponding to free C28 and C29 sterols in
      ca. 50% of some 3,000 normal subjects and patients with hyperlipemia. Comparable
      proportions of similar peaks were present in the sterol fraction isolated from
      the red blood cells of many of these subjects. The maximum levels of these
      components in the plasma and red blood cells of domestic and laboratory animals
      were up to 10 times higher than those seen in man. Detailed gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of the plasma lipids from a much more
      limited number of subjects and animals showed that the GLC peaks corresponding to
      the free C28 and C29 sterols were largely due to the plant sterols campesterol,
      stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol. In all instances, variable amounts (0.05-0.2%
      of the total free sterol area) of 7-dehydrocholesterol, desmosterol, lanosterol,
      and cholesterol alpha-oxide were also detected. While the total content and
      composition of the plasma plant sterols appeared to vary greatly among the
      subjects, it never exceeded 2% of total sterol in the normal subjects and
      patients examined. There was no evidence for a significant increase in the plant
      sterol content of the plasma of patients with hypercholesterolemia or
      hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 972576
TI  - Plasma transport forms of ingested fatty alcohols in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that ingested fatty alcohols are absorbed as fatty
      acids and fatty acid esters, particularly triglycerides. The present study was
      carried out to determine whether fatty alcohols are also transported as 0-alkyl
      glyceryl ethers, alk-1-enyl glyceryl ethers, and as wax esters. Oxidation of
      fatty alcohols to other lipids was assessed by using a mixture of [1-3H]
      hexadecanol and [1-14C] hexadecanol of predetermined ratio. The results indicate
      that the absorption of fatty alcohol, and of its transport forms, parallels the
      absorption of labeled fatty acids. Six to 25% of plasma radioactivity was present
      as 1-0-alkyl diacylglyceryl ethers with a smaller proportion of ether lipids in
      the phospholipid fraction. In addition, 4-13% of the ingested hexadecanol
      appeared in the plasma as a material having the chromatographic properties of wax
      ester. Fatty alcohols were not detected in the plasma as alk-1-enyl lipids.

PMID- 972577
TI  - Syntheses of tetra- and hexadeuterated octadecenoates.
AB  - A study of the metabolism in man of cis and trans monoenoic acids required the
      synthesis of tetra- and hexadeutero-9-octadecenoates. Preparation of methyl 9
      octadecenoate-8,8,11,11-d4 (90 mol % deuterium) by the Wittig reaction was
      accompanied by deuterium scattering with sodium methoxide as the base but not
      with alkylithium. Scattering occurred in both the aldehyde and phosphorane
      moieties only when the aldehyde contained deuterium on the alpha carbon. Methyl 9
      octadecenoate-8,8,13,13,14-14-d6 (98 mol % deuterium) was also prepared by the
      Wittig reaction. The deuterated octadecenoates were formed principally as cis
      isomers. The trans isomers were produced by nitrogen oxide isomerization and
      separation on a silver ion column.

PMID- 972578
TI  - Mass spectra of acetylenic fatty acid methyl esters and derivatives.
AB  - A series of isomeric methyl octadecynoates was analyzed by mass spectrometry;
      each isomer gave a unique spectrum. The characteristic ions were those resulting
      from a McLafferty rearrangement of the allenic sites or of the already-rearranged
      allenic sites. The acetylenic esters were also subjected to oxymercuration
      whereupon a carbonyl group was formed at either of the original actylenic carbon
      atoms providing two oxostearates. Further reaction with NaBH4 formed hydroxy
      esters which, after silylation, gave diagnostic mass spectra indicative of the
      triple bond location. Applied to esters with both double and triple bonds, this
      procedure permitted differentiation between the two types of unsaturation.
      Methoxyl groups marked the original double bond locations and hydroxyls did so
      for triple bonds.

PMID- 972579
TI  - Kinetics of absorption, equilibration (or distribution), and excretion of orally
      and intraperitoneally administered cholesterol in the rat.
AB  - Resorption and metabolism of cholesterol administered intraperitoneally and per
      os have been described in the rat utilizing a technique of double isotopic
      labeling. Depending upon the route of administration, these parameter vary to a
      large degree. Alimentary cholesterol is progressively resorbed over a period of
      10 hr, while the maximal blood level of cholesterol is attained after the 6th hr
      following intraperitoneal injection. On the other hand, cholesterol administered
      per os is more rapidly utilized in biliary acid synthesis than cholesterol
      administered intraperitoneally. In the range of concentrations utilized in this
      work (10-300 mug and 0.2-300 mug, respectively, administered to the rat, orally
      and intraperitoneally), the rate of cholesterol resorption remained constant.

PMID- 972581
TI  - Fecal long chain fatty acids and colon cancer risk.
AB  - To determine whether excretion of high concentrations of long chain fatty acids
      might be associated with high colon cancer risk, we compared concentrations of
      major long chain fatty acids in the feces of four populations at different risk
      for colon cancer. Concentrations of C18:1 were found to be significantly higher
      (P less than 0.05) in the feces of the two high risk populations than in the
      feces of the two low risk populations.

PMID- 972580
TI  - Age-related changes in the lipid metabolism of Fisher 344 rats.
AB  - Lipid metabolism of male Fisher 344 rats aged 2-24 months was studied. Serum and
      liver cholesterol levels did not display the age-related gradual increase seen in
      other rat strains. An increase in the serum plus liver cholesterol pool from 2 to
      6 months was followed by a plateau through 18 months and then another increase at
      24 months of age. The triglyceride pool increased from 2 to 6 months and then
      remained unchanged through 24 months of age. Cholesterol synthesis from acetate
      decreased 50% between 2 and 9 months and fell only slightly through 24 months of
      age. Assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase showed a
      similar pattern but did not decrease further after 9 months of age. Cholesterol
      7alpha hydroxylase activity was not significantly altered by age. These age- and
      strain-related differences present an opportunity for a comparative study of the
      aging process using the parameters of lipid metabolism as indicators.

PMID- 972582
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical parallels in treatment of laryngeal cancer].

PMID- 972583
TI  - [Effect of different regimens of fractionation on the cardiovascular system in
      patients with esophageal cancer].

PMID- 972584
TI  - [Gastrofibroscopy in evaluation of the effectiveness of radiation treatment of
      stomach cancer].

PMID- 972585
TI  - [Use of experimental hose apparatus "Agat-B" for combined radiation treatment of
      cervical cancer].

PMID- 972586
TI  - [Thermography in evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative radiotherapy in
      breast cancer].

PMID- 972587
TI  - [Radiation-surgical treatment of certain forms of malignant tumors].

PMID- 972588
TI  - [Proliferation of myelogranulocytes in the process of daily long-term
      irradiation].

PMID- 972589
TI  - [Metrological provision of medical radiology].

PMID- 972590
TI  - [Diaphragming the bremstrahlung radiation beam on LUE-25].

PMID- 972591
TI  - [Microdosimetric analysis of RBE proton dependence on the dose].

PMID- 972592
TI  - [Changes in acid resistance of erythrocytes in total beta-gamma irradiation].

PMID- 972593
TI  - [Evaluation of the volume of circulating erythrocytes in patients with tumors
      with the aid of radioisotope and calculation methods].

PMID- 972594
TI  - [Radiotherapy of leptomeningitis].

PMID- 972595
TI  - [Radioisotope visualization of the hepato-pancreatic region in patients with
      obstructive juandice].

PMID- 972596
TI  - [Experimental kidney scanning with the aid of In113m].

PMID- 972597
TI  - [Clinico-radioisotope characteristics of autonomous nodular goiter].

PMID- 972598
TI  - [Effect of x-rays and beta particles from Kr85 on the skin].

PMID- 972599
TI  - [Obtaining I131-microspheres from human blood serum albumin and their
      distribution in the body of experimental animals].

PMID- 972600
TI  - [Algorithms of preliminary processing of graphic information].

PMID- 972601
TI  - [Contribution of the products of photonuclear reaction to the absorbed dose of
      bremsstrahlung irradiation by tissue-equivalent media].

PMID- 972602
TI  - [Myeloscintigraphy with Yb169-DTPA].

PMID- 972603
TI  - [Ketosteroid level after radiotherapy of cervical osteochondrosis with cerebral
      disorders].

PMID- 972604
TI  - [Evaluation of inorganic phase of intrathyroid stage of iodine metabolism by the
      accumulation of pertechnetate-Tc99 and I-131 in the thyroid gland in 10 and 20
      minutes].

PMID- 972605
TI  - Object analysis of the Stilling tables.
AB  - The CIE space that is occupied by the Stilling tables was found to be similar to
      that occupied by the Ishihara plates [LAKOWSKI, 1965] with the notable exceptions
      of a single table that extends into the blue area and two others that extend
      further into the green (fig. 4). Spectrophotometric curves show that the inks
      used are similar to those in other PIC plates, i.e. they have reflectance curves
      with broad-band characteristics. All tables are of the vanishing type and there
      is an attempt to differentiate between protan and deutan defects.
      Colorimetrically, tables I, II, VII and VIII have figure and background colours
      aligned mainly along the deutan isochromatic lines and only table III is a clear
      protan plate. Tables V, VI, IX, X and XI are ambiguous in design, i.e. they would
      be confused by most colour-deficient persons. Of the tables designed to detect
      blue-yellow deficiencies (tables V, VI, XI and XII), only the colours in table
      XII are aligned along tetartan confusion lines, while the other three tables are
      indefinite in their design. Thus the usefulness of these plates for detecting
      acquired dyschromatopsias is limited.

PMID- 972606
TI  - The Umazume-Ohta test.

PMID- 972607
TI  - Determination of confusion lines with neutral bands of spectrum and Farnsworth
      test.

PMID- 972608
TI  - Is it possible to isolate fundamental cone mechanisms with Wald's method of
      chromatic adaptation?

PMID- 972609
TI  - Chromatic extrafoveal dark adaptation function in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

PMID- 972610
TI  - Examination of chromatic adaptation.
AB  - The author describes a simple self-constructed apparatus which is suitable to
      perform investigations on adaptation in four domain of the spectrum. He considers
      the apparatus as appropriate to examine acquired colour vision deficiencies.

PMID- 972611
TI  - Color vision and visually evoked response (VECP) in the recovery period of optic
      neuritis.
AB  - Color vision and visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) are compared in a
      group of patients with optic neuritis. In the early recovery period, both were
      disturbed in a similar degree, whereas in the late recovery period, the VECPs
      remained more affected than color vision.

PMID- 972612
TI  - Color perception changes with age: test results by P-N anomaloscope.

PMID- 972613
TI  - Color and movement are processed separately: psychophysical evidence.

PMID- 972614
TI  - Aspects of peripheral colour vision.

PMID- 972615
TI  - Chromatic saturation derived from increment thresholds for white and colored
      targets: a technique for projection color perimetry.

PMID- 972616
TI  - Molecular dosimetry of chemical mutagens. Selection of appropriate target
      molecules for determining molecular dose to the germ line.

PMID- 972617
TI  - Molecular dosimetry of chemical mutagens. Determination of molecular dose to the
      germ line.

PMID- 972618
TI  - Molecular dosimetry of chemical mutagens. Measurement of molecular dose and DNA
      repair in mammalian germ cells.

PMID- 972619
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in oocytes of NMRI mice and bone marrow cells of Chinese
      hamsters induced with 3,4-benzpyrene.
AB  - This paper deals with mutagenicity tests with 3,4-benzpyrene in mice oocytes of
      the strain NMRI and Chinese hamster bone-marrow cells. The mutagenic effect of
      this hydrocarbon was observed in both test systems. Investigations of bone-marrow
      chromosomes clearly show dose-response curves.

PMID- 972620
TI  - Hepatic changes of the teleost, Oryzias latipes after treatment with AF-2 and
      nitrofurazone [proceedings].

PMID- 972621
TI  - Replicative repair of UV damage to normal human cells [proceedings].

PMID- 972622
TI  - Mitomycin-C-induced dominant lethality in mice [proceedings].

PMID- 972623
TI  - Mammalian cell mutagenesis: comparison of the sensitivity in assay systems of
      mutations induced by radiations and chemicals [proceedings].

PMID- 972624
TI  - Teratogenic effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in mice [proceedings].

PMID- 972625
TI  - Transplacental in vivo/in vitro mutagenicity of AF-2, a nitrofuran, in golden
      hamster cells [proceedings].

PMID- 972626
TI  - Transplacental in vivo/in vitro chemical carcinogenesis by AF-2, furylfuramide,
      in golden hamster cells [proceedings].

PMID- 972627
TI  - Studies on screening methods for carcinogens in vitro: comparative studies on
      chromosomal aberration and bacterial mutation induced by N-acylated N-nitroso
      compounds [proceedings].

PMID- 972628
TI  - Chromosome breakage associated with organic mercury in Chinese hamster cells in
      vitro [proceedings].

PMID- 972629
TI  - Sensitization procedure for detecting drug-resistant mutations in cultured human
      diploid cells [proceedings].

PMID- 972630
TI  - Further studies on the genetic effects of furylfuramide on mature spermatozoa of
      the silkworm [proceedings].

PMID- 972631
TI  - Induction of dominant lethal mutations by alkylating agents in germ cells of the
      silkworm, Bombyx mori [proceedings].

PMID- 972632
TI  - Dosimetric studies on the incorporation of furylfuramide into oocytes of the
      silkworm [proceedings].

PMID- 972633
TI  - Carcinogenicity screening tests on induction of chromosomal aberrations in rat
      bone marrow cells in vivo [proceedings].

PMID- 972634
TI  - Factors associated with the occurrence of early resorption of human embryos
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972635
TI  - Mutagenicity studies on ethylenethiourea. I. Microbial assay [proceedings].

PMID- 972636
TI  - Mutagenicity studies on ethylenethiourea. II. Cytogenetic analysis [proceedings].

PMID- 972637
TI  - Mutagenicity studies on ethylenethiourea. III. Dominant-lethal assay
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972638
TI  - Mechanism of fetal poisoning by mercury. Distribution of mercury-binding protein
      in the placenta and fetus of pregnant mice [proceedings].

PMID- 972639
TI  - On an effective stage of chemical mutagens as detected by the silkworm oocyte
      system [proceedings].

PMID- 972640
TI  - Detection of mutagenic activity in urban air pollutants [proceedings].

PMID- 972641
TI  - Comparative examination on inducibility of mutation, chromosome aberration and
      DNA-single-strand breakage of cultured mammalian cells by application of
      mycotoxins [proceedings].

PMID- 972642
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of chromatin induced by mutagens: effects of caffeine and
      ethidium bromide [proceedings].

PMID- 972643
TI  - Injuries to research subjects A survey of investigators.
AB  - A task force of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare conducted a
      survey aimed at estimating the incidence of research-related injuries, with a
      view to determining the feasibility of compensating subjects injured during
      research. The data were obtained by telephone from 331 investigators conducting
      research on nearly 133,000 human subjects over the past three years. Eighty-five
      investigators reported at least one injury. Of the 4957 reported injuries, 3926
      were classified as trivial, and 974 as temporarily disabling; of 57 injuries
      resulting in death or permanent disability, one disabling stroke, not clearly
      related to the research, occurred three days after a non-therapeutic procedure;
      the rest resulted from treatments expected to benefit the patients directly,
      usually cancer chemotherapy. The data suggest that the risks of participation in
      nontherapeutic research may be of no greater than those of everyday life, and in
      therapeutic research, no greater than those of treatment in other settings.

PMID- 972644
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 38-1976.

PMID- 972645
TI  - Nerve-growth factor in familial dysautonomia.

PMID- 972646
TI  - Research on injuries in biomedical research.

PMID- 972647
TI  - Alternatives to dental extractions in leukemia.

PMID- 972648
TI  - Reversal of heparin action after cell separation.

PMID- 972649
TI  - Vinblastine or vincristine.

PMID- 972650
TI  - Topical 5-fluorouracil and the basal-cell-nevus syndrome.

PMID- 972651
TI  - Carbamazepine for phantom-limb phenomena.

PMID- 972652
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias after small iv dose of phenytoin.

PMID- 972653
TI  - Hazard of high-dosage thyroid tablets.

PMID- 972654
TI  - Against legalization of laetrile.

PMID- 972655
TI  - Psychology of group opinion.

PMID- 972656
TI  - Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures.
AB  - We examined the frequency of development of afebrile seizures in 1706 children
      who had experienced at least one febrile seizure and were followed to the age of
      seven years. Epilepsy developed by seven years of age in 20 per 1000 (2 per
      cent), and another 10 per 1000 had at least one afebrile seizure that did not
      meet our definition of epilepsy. In children whose neurologic or developmental
      status was suspect or abnormal before any seizure and whose first seizure was
      complex (longer than 15 minutes, multiple or focal) epilepsy developed at a rate
      18 times higher than in children with no febrile seizures (92 vs. 5 per 1000; P
      less than 0.001). In the largest group with febrile seizures, those previously
      normal with noncomplex first febrile seizures, epilepsy developed in 11 per 1000;
      this rate, although moderate, was greater than that for children with no febrile
      seizures (P = 0.027). Prior neurologic and developmental status and
      characteristics of the first febrile seizure are important predictors of epilepsy
      after febrile seizures.

PMID- 972657
TI  - Decreased bioavailability of digoxin due to antacids and kaolin-pectin.
AB  - Employing a Latin-square design and single-dose studies of bioavailability in 10
      normal human volunteers, we tested the hypothesis that antacids and kaolin-pectin
      might interfere with the bioavailability of orally administered digoxin.
      Cumulative six-day urinary digoxin excretion (expressed as the percentage of a
      0.75-mg dose recovered) was: control, 40.1+/-3.0 (S.E.); aluminum hydroxide,
      30.7+/-2.9; magnesium hydroxide, 27.1+/-2.4; magnesium trisilicate, 29.1+/-1.7;
      and kaolin-pectin 23.4+/-2.0. The differences in means were highly significant (F
      = 10.47, P less than 0.005). Further analysis (multiple comparison test) revealed
      that control differed significantly from each of the other treatments (alpha =
      0.05), but there was no such difference between any of the other treatment
      groups. The decreased cumulative excretion produced by antacids and kaolin-pectin
      reflected a striking reduction in digoxin absorption associated with these
      compounds that was not related to alteration of gut transit time or to adsorption
      of digoxin to these gastrointestinal medications.

PMID- 972658
TI  - Guanethidine.

PMID- 972659
TI  - The proper and improper concerns of medical law and ethics.

PMID- 972660
TI  - The urinary concentrating mechanism.

PMID- 972661
TI  - Stimulation of Chediak-Higashi phagocytes.

PMID- 972662
TI  - Seduction by citation.

PMID- 972664
TI  - Intravenous phenytoin.

PMID- 972663
TI  - Sickle-cell trait, thalassemia, G-6-PD deficiency and puerperal pulmonary
      embolism.

PMID- 972665
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia: are there subtypes.

PMID- 972666
TI  - Comparison of cea-roche "indirect" and "direct" radioimmunoassays: a second look.

PMID- 972668
TI  - Cardiac murmur in renal failure.

PMID- 972667
TI  - Medical nephrectomy--use of metallic salts as an alternative to bilateral renal
      infarction.

PMID- 972669
TI  - Antihypertensive effect of iv propranolol.

PMID- 972671
TI  - Thermography to detect breast cancer.

PMID- 972670
TI  - Post-dopamine ischemia treated with chlorpromazine.

PMID- 972672
TI  - Maternal food intake and weight of grown-up offspring.

PMID- 972673
TI  - Test for formaldehyde in water.

PMID- 972674
TI  - Randomized clinical trials.

PMID- 972675
TI  - Rotational diffusion of band 3 proteins in the human erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 972676
TI  - Acoustic response to chemical stimuli in ground crickets.

PMID- 972677
TI  - Changeable coloration of cornea in the fish Hexagrammos octogrammus.

PMID- 972678
TI  - Hybrid crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci xA. brevispinus) reared to
      maturity in the laboratory.

PMID- 972679
TI  - Genetics of expression of xenotropic virus and autoimmunity in NZB mice.

PMID- 972680
TI  - Progressive glomerulonephritis in mice treated with interferon preparations at
      birth.

PMID- 972681
TI  - Postponement of symptoms of hereditary muscular dystrophy in chickens by 5
      hydroxytryptamine antagonists.

PMID- 972682
TI  - Altered erythrocyte membrane phosphorylation in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 972683
TI  - Kinetics of agonist-induced intrinsic fluorescence changes in membrane-bound
      acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 972684
TI  - Virtual absence of L-glutamate from the haemoplasm of arthropod blood.

PMID- 972685
TI  - Spike after-hyperpolarisation of a sympathetic neurone is calcium sensitive and
      is potentiated by theophylline.

PMID- 972686
TI  - Phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by vaccinia virus cores.

PMID- 972687
TI  - Ribonuclear protein formation at locus 2-48 BC in Drosophila hydei.

PMID- 972688
TI  - Long range homogeneity of physical stability in double-stranded DNA.

PMID- 972689
TI  - New method of detecting singlet oxygen production.

PMID- 972690
TI  - Fluorescence lifetimes of haem proteins excited into the tryptophan absorption
      band with synchrotron radiation.

PMID- 972691
TI  - Enzyme evolution in a microbial community growing on the herbicide Dalapon.
AB  - A seven-membered microbial community capable of utilising the herbicide Dalapon
      has been isolated by continuous-flow enrichment culture. The composition of this
      community has remained remarkably stable over thousands of hours in a Dalapon
      limited chemostat. During this period, however, one member of the community,
      Pseudomonas putida, acquired the ability to grow on Dalapon through the evolution
      of an extant dehalogenase.

PMID- 972692
TI  - Partial purification of rabbit aorta contracting substance-releasing factor and
      inhibition of its activity by anti-inflammatory steroids.
AB  - Rabbit aorta contracting substance-releasing factor (RCS-RF) is found in
      perfusates from guinea pig lungs during anaphylaxis. It has been identified as a
      small peptide which releases arachidonic acid from lung tissue, thus generating
      prostaglandin endoperoxides and tbromboxanes and causing bronchocconstriction.
      Anti-inflammatory steroids block the release of arachidonate by RCS-RF. In this
      activity their relative potency is very similar to their relative anti
      inflammatory potency, suggesting that the two actions may be related.

PMID- 972693
TI  - Population density affecting adult shell size of snail Cepaea nemoralis L.

PMID- 972694
TI  - Overdominance and u-shaped gene frequency distributions.

PMID- 972695
TI  - Triploid pseudogamous biotype of the leafhopper Muellerianella fairmairei.

PMID- 972696
TI  - Erucic acid, an accidental additive in bread.

PMID- 972697
TI  - Mechanisms of bone destruction in the development of skeletal metastases.

PMID- 972698
TI  - Relationship of bone destruction in skeletal metastases to osteoclast activation
      and prostaglandins.

PMID- 972699
TI  - Decreased renal prostaglandin catabolism precedes onset of hypertension in the
      developing spontaneously hypertensive rat.

PMID- 972700
TI  - Hormone-dependent haematopoiesis in fibroblast-transformation ossicles.

PMID- 972701
TI  - Depletion of L-cell sterol depresses endocytosis.

PMID- 972702
TI  - Stereoselective effects of the potentially neuroleptic rigid spiro amines.

PMID- 972703
TI  - Ca2+-dependent arrest of cilia without uncoupling epithelial cells.

PMID- 972704
TI  - Nervous inhibition of corpora allata by photoperoid in Pyrrhocoris apterus.

PMID- 972705
TI  - RNA pattern of 'swine' influenza virus isolated from man is similar to those of
      other swine influenza viruses.

PMID- 972706
TI  - Bicuculline and visual responses.

PMID- 972707
TI  - Mammalian cell growth regulation.

PMID- 972708
TI  - Colonoscopic polypectomy--initial experience.

PMID- 972709
TI  - Malpractice--what is it?

PMID- 972710
TI  - A retrograde transverse sinus radionuclide venogram: a case report.

PMID- 972711
TI  - Exercise in the patient with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 972712
TI  - Asymptomatic obstructive airway defect--an analysis of causal factors. A study
      involving 425 Nebraskans.

PMID- 972713
TI  - Sideroblastic anemias.

PMID- 972714
TI  - Scintigraphy in uremic bone disease.

PMID- 972715
TI  - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in mother and fetus at term.
AB  - Plasma renin activity, renin substrate, angiotensin II, aldosterone and cortisol
      were measured concurrently and renin concentration calculated in plasma from
      mothers during labor and delivery, from cord and from newborn infants. The renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone system was found strongly stimulated in both mother and
      fetus. The high values of plasma renin activity in fetus were due exclusively to
      the high renin concentrations the substrate concentration being normal. In the
      mother, however, the markedly elevated renin substrate resulted in a doubling of
      relative values of renin activity compared to renin concentration. Therefore
      gradients of renin and renin substrate across the placenta are established, but
      the resulting renin activity is similar on both sides and the levels of generated
      angiotensin II are also nearly indentical with a good correlation between these
      last parameters. Aldosterone is as elevated in mother as in fetus whereas
      cortisol, due to its binding to transcortin, is twice as high in mother as in
      fetus. No correlation was found between renin activity or concentration of
      angiotensin II and aldosterone or cortisol indicating that other factors
      controlling aldosterone are involved.

PMID- 972716
TI  - Ultrafiltrable uric acid in serum of healthy humans and patients with renal
      calcium lithiasis.
AB  - Ultrafiltrable serum uric acid (u.a.) was determined by ultrafiltration under in
      vivo conditions in humans using a reliable technique described in detail. It
      could be demonstrated that u.a. binding to macromolecules occurs in healthy
      humans (controls) and in patients with renal calcium stones. The percentage of
      free u.a. in controls (n=60) averages 86.2 +/- 0.9 SEM. With increasing age,
      bound u.a. rises slightly. On the other hand, younger (less than 40 years) stone
      patients have significantly more bound u.a. than matched controls (80.7 +/- 1.0
      SEM; p less than 0.001), whereas this is not found in elderly patients. The
      degree of binding is not related to concentration of plasma proteins but
      inversely related to free fatty acid concentration in healthy controls (r= -0.52;
      p less than 0.01). It is suggested that no augmentation of tubular u.a. filtered
      by the glomeruli could have occurred. The origin of fasting hyperuricosuria shown
      earlier to be a prominent feature of young renal calcium stone formers is yet
      unknown.

PMID- 972717
TI  - Prevention of hepatitis type B with specific immune serum globulin.
AB  - In order to evaluate the preventive value of specific immune serum globulin
      against hepatitis type B, we have used this immune globulin in required doses in
      12 patients (10 with AU antigen negative and 2 with AU antigen positive) with
      chronic renal failure who required maintenance hemodialysis for a period of 15
      months, and we were able to prevent hepatitis type B in our dialysis patients.

PMID- 972718
TI  - [Carbon supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy--improvement of
      quality and preparation technique (author's transl)].

PMID- 972719
TI  - Some aspects of thickness measurement of cytomembranes in electron micrographs of
      stained thin sections.

PMID- 972720
TI  - [Dismantling of biological surfaces for scanning electron microscope examination
      by oxidation in high frequency gas discharge (author's transl)].

PMID- 972721
TI  - [Scientific photography as applied to numismatics (author's transl)].

PMID- 972722
TI  - Identification of chromaffin and enterochromaffin cells in semithin sections by
      means of the argentaffin reaction.

PMID- 972723
TI  - Feulgen-DNA plug and two-wavelength cytophotometry of bull spermatozoa.

PMID- 972724
TI  - Adrenomedullary hormonal studies in three species of Ophidians.

PMID- 972725
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hyperlipemia].

PMID- 972726
TI  - [Emergency therapeutic possibilities in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 972727
TI  - [Surgical treatment and prevention of acute deep venous thrombosis].

PMID- 972728
TI  - [Surgical treatment of benign tracheo-broncho-pulmonary tumors].

PMID- 972729
TI  - [Hypothermia in mitro-aortic valve surgery].

PMID- 972730
TI  - [Current possibilities of the use of the small intestine in reconstructive
      surgery of the esophagus].

PMID- 972731
TI  - [Bilio-pancreatic bypass. Proposal and preliminary experimental study of a new
      type of operation for the functional surgical treatment of obesity].

PMID- 972732
TI  - [Pathogenetic aspects of biliary lithiasis as a complication of jejuno-ileal
      shunt].

PMID- 972733
TI  - [Behavior of gastric secretion and gastrin incretion in the severely obese
      patient treated with a jejuno-ileal shunt].

PMID- 972734
TI  - [The liver of the severely obese patient treated with a jejuno-ileal shunt.
      Functional and morphological aspects].

PMID- 972735
TI  - [The treatment of lack of the anterior chamber in patients after cataract
      extraction].

PMID- 972736
TI  - [Surgery of congenital blepharophimosis (preliminary report)].

PMID- 972737
TI  - [Current trends in the surgical treatment of idiopathic retinal detachment].

PMID- 972738
TI  - [Cyclocryotherapy in the treatment of glaucoma].

PMID- 972739
TI  - [Some minor indications of cryogenic surgery in ophthalmology].

PMID- 972740
TI  - [Cryogenic surgery in some corneal diseases].

PMID- 972741
TI  - [Orbitotomy. Methods of orbital approach for ophthalmic reasons].

PMID- 972742
TI  - [The liver and cholelithiasis. Morphofunctional study of the liver in gallbladder
      calculosis].

PMID- 972743
TI  - [Determination of bile salts by thin-layer chromatography and associated direct
      fluorimetry].

PMID- 972744
TI  - [Calcitonin-induced changes in blood gastrin during maximal insulin stimulation
      in patients with duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 972745
TI  - [Behavior of blood amylase in relation to blood sugar changes in normal subjects
      and in patients with chronic pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 972746
TI  - [Behavior of blood amylase in relation to bloodsugar changes in normal subjects
      and in patients with chronic pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 972747
TI  - [Some hemocoagulative effects of antifibrinolytic therapy in the minor
      hemorrhagic diathesis of hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 972748
TI  - [Morpho-functional study of chronic gastritis and therapeutic possibilities of
      carbenoxolone].

PMID- 972749
TI  - [The buffer action of tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethangluconate dihydroxy
      aluminate (Aloglutamol) after pentagastrin stimulation].

PMID- 972750
TI  - [Observations on the course of abdominal typhus and its treatment during the
      epidemic at Recsk].

PMID- 972751
TI  - [Epidemiologic aspects of the abdominal typhus epidemic at Recsk].

PMID- 972752
TI  - [Chemoprophylaxis of malaria].

PMID- 972753
TI  - [Surgical correction of rheumatic bicuspid insufficiency in a child with Marfan's
      syndrome].

PMID- 972754
TI  - [Diabetoid blood sugar curve and its correction].

PMID- 972755
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate in paraplegics.

PMID- 972756
TI  - Alterations in the H-reflex in the paraplegic induced by bladder distention.
AB  - This study has evaluated the changes in the characteristics of the H-reflex
      induced by distention of the urinary bladder in patients with complete lesions of
      the spinal cord. These findings were compared to induced changes in the systolic
      blood pressure and some degree of correlation was noted. It is well recognised
      that distention of the urinary bladder can exert a significant influence on the
      state of both somatic and autonomic reflex activity in spinal man. Although the
      mode of action of this stimulus has not been fully delineated, it is of some
      clinical importance since it may intensify muscular spasticity and autonomic
      hyperreflexia. This study was undertaken to further explore this relationship
      utilising the H-wave as a measure of segmental reflex activity. When appropriate,
      the effect of bladder distention on arterial blood pressure was also measured and
      an attempt made to correlate these observations with the H-wave findings.

PMID- 972757
TI  - Upper and lower motor neuron lesions in the upper extremity muscles of
      tetraplegics.
AB  - Paralysed upper extremity muscles of 24 tetraplegic patients were examined to
      determine whether their lower motor neuron was intact. Primary emphasis was
      placed on the forearm finger flexor muscles (Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and
      Flexor Digitorum Profundus) and finger extensor muscles (Extensor Digitorum
      Communis and Extensor Indicis). It was found that the vast majority of these
      muscles in C4, C5 and C6 subjects retained some or all of their lower motor
      neurons intact. In C5 subjects, examination was performed on additional muscles
      that were potentially most useful in an orthosis utilising functional
      stimulation. Similar to the results of the finger flexor and extensor muscles,
      the muscles of the wrist and thumb generally had the lower motor neuron at least
      partially intact. A muscle that often was an exception was M. Flexor Carpi
      Radialis. These studies indicate that most of the forearm muscles of the upper
      extremity in high level spinal cord injury patients which are paralysed have the
      lower motor neuron totally or partially intact. With electrically induced
      exercise, such muscles are strengthened to functional levels of contraction.
      Subsequent electrical activation enables the quadriplegic patients to use the
      muscle functionally.

PMID- 972758
TI  - A Swiss stand-up wheelchair.

PMID- 972759
TI  - Silent hydronephrosis, a hazard revisited.
AB  - Six patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury were seen in
      our Centre for routine follow-up. All of these individuals had attained the
      catheter-free state by various means and were, by their standards, functioning
      very well. They had gone from 6 months to 2 1/2 years without genito-urinary re
      evaluations. One individual had a normal urogram 1 year after catheter removal
      and then 2 years later was noted to have bilateral hydronephrosis. Development of
      silent hydronephrosis in the catheter-free state, its treatment, and a regimen
      for following patients are discussed.

PMID- 972760
TI  - Long-term follow-up of paraplegic patients with vesico-ureteric reflux.
AB  - A long-term survey (mean follow-up greater than 12 years) is presented of cord
      injury patients with reflux up to the kidney (grades 2 and 3). Of 39 patients 17
      developed renal damage. There is no evidence that permanent urethral catheters
      protect kidneys from subsequent damage.

PMID- 972761
TI  - Percutaneous cystostomy in paraplegia--a follow-up of 41 patients.
AB  - Percutaneous cystostomy using a fine calibre (9 Charriere) plastic trocar and
      cannula has been used in 51 male patients in the early weeks following spinal
      cord injury. The results are satisfactory. Of the last ten patients none has been
      catheterised per urethram; eight of these patients are now passing urine
      satisfactorily using a condom urinal.

PMID- 972762
TI  - Hydroelectrolytic determination in paraplegics (total body water; exchangeable
      sodium and total body potassium).
AB  - Measurements of total body water and total exchangeable sodium, by isotopic
      dilution, and of total body potassium by whole body counting of the naturally
      occurring 40K isotope, were performed on stabilised paraplegic or tetraplegic
      subjects. Nineteen patients were investigated by the complete set of tests, six
      by only body counting. The results of total body potassium are expressed,
      following a uniform scale, as "relative values", which were established by the
      processing of reference values, from numberous paired healthy subjects.

PMID- 972763
TI  - Long-term studies about orthostatic training after high spinal cord injury.
AB  - Results of long-term observations of paraplegics with upper lesions are
      presented. The circulatory behaviour of patients, completely bedridden for
      several months, was observed during orthostatic tilt-table exercise over a period
      of at least 7 weeks. It is not possible to achieve a decisive circulatory
      stabilisation in paraplegics with upper lesions. For the most part, there was no
      improvement in the process of adaptation to varying orthostatic intensity. Much
      more marked are fluctuations in the ability to adapt to orthostasis, whereby the
      maximum circulatory lability may not occur until several weeks after the start of
      therapeutic repositioning to sitting. In practice, these observations point to
      the need for a sufficiently long period of orthostatic observation of these
      patients' circulatory system.

PMID- 972764
TI  - Test and teach 6. Diagnosis: verrucous squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix
      with micro-invasion.

PMID- 972765
TI  - New interpretations of lipoproteins and arterial lesions of cholesterol-fed
      rabbits.
AB  - The serum of cholesterol-fed rabbits contains lipoproteins rich in cholesterol,
      in contrast to those in thoracic duct lymph, which are rich in triglyceride. This
      study suggests that the serum lipoproteins may be "remnant" chylomicrons which
      have been stripped of their triglyceride, but which have not been removed from
      circulation by the liver, as usually occurs rapidly in other animal species.
      Electrophoresis of rabbit serum showed a broad beta band corresponding to the
      very low density lipoprotein fraction separated by ultracentritrifugation. This
      broad beta band may represent the "remnant particles". This proposed "remnant
      particle" hyperlipidaemia in rabbits may have its parallel in Type III human
      hyperlipidaemia, which also has a broad beta band on electrophoresis and may be a
      "remnant particle" disease. It was also found that early arterial lesions in
      rabbits are similar to some human fatty streaks, which if allowed to age for a
      further two years while the rabbits eat normal food, do not regress but mature to
      resemble calcified fibrous plaques.

PMID- 972766
TI  - Methicillin-sensitive variants in ageing broth cultures of methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Methicillin-sensitive variants have been isolated from ageing broth cultures of
      the methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10442 and also
      from numerous other strains. There were wide variations and fluctuations in the
      incidence of sensitive variants from cultures incubated under uniform conditions.

PMID- 972767
TI  - Delayed and prolonged vascular leakage in inflammation: the effects of
      dehydromonocrotaline on blood vessels in the rat cremaster.
AB  - Local application of dehydromonocrotaline to the rat cremaster produces a delayed
      prolonged increase in vascular permeability with a time course similar to that of
      the pulmonary oedema seen after intravenous injection of the same substance.
      Study of the injured area by the carbon labelling technique and by electron
      microscopy shows that the increased permeability involves both capillaries and
      venules of all sizes within the region exposed to dehydromonocrotaline. The
      vascular leakage appears to be due to a direct effect on the endothelium of small
      blood vessels. Carbon deposition in labelled capillaries and venules is
      predominantly intramural and indicative of increased vascular permeability.
      Accumulation of carbon within the lumen of capillaries is uncommon, and accounts
      for only a small fraction of total capillary labelling. The findings indicate
      that capillaries are a major source of inflammatory exudate in this type of
      injury and suggest that the importance of leakage from capillaries has been
      underestimated in other types of delayed prolonged increase in vascular
      permeability.

PMID- 972768
TI  - Tetracycline dependence in a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - An isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibited an enhanced zone of growth
      around a tetracycline disc. All six tetracycline-related compounds investigated
      produced this effect, which could only be demonstrated on certain media.
      Modification of this phenomenon resulted from variation of the incubation
      temperature.

PMID- 972769
TI  - Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in the rat. I. Factors influencing
      induction.
AB  - Albino Holtzman, albino Wistar and hooded HS rats were injected fortnightly for
      14 weeks with human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) emulsified in Freund's
      complete adjuvant. Half of the rats were pretreated with Freund's complete
      adjuvant and some were unilaterally nephrectomized. Anti-GBM antibody
      glomerulonephritis, characterized by proteinuria (greater than 100 mg/16 h) and a
      diffuse linear deposition of host immunoglobulin along the glomerular basement
      membrane, was first detected in Holtzman rats 4 weeks after treatment with GBM
      had begun, and had developed in 69% of these rats by 15 weeks. In contrast, none
      of the similarly treated Wistar or HS rats became proteinuric at any time,
      although a few showed weak glomerular fluorescence at the end of the experiment.
      Thus Holtzman rats are susceptible, and HS and Wistar rats are resistant to
      experimental anti-GBM antibody glomerulonephritis. Pretreatment with Freund's
      complete adjuvant apparently shortened the induction period of the experimental
      disease in the Holtzman rats whereas unilateral nephrectomy appeared to decrease
      their susceptibility to it.

PMID- 972770
TI  - Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in the rat. II. A histopathological
      and fine structural study.
AB  - Human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant
      was injected into 16 Holtzman rats. Eleven (69%) of them subsequently developed
      glomerulonephritis. This disease was characterized by glomerular changes which
      included focal lobular hypercellularity due to localized hyperplasia of
      intracapillary (mesangial or endothelial) cells which often obstructed glomerular
      capillaries. Later, affected lobules showed necrosis of intracapillary cells, and
      capillary lumina were filled with homogeneous eosinophilic material. An
      immunoperoxidase technique revealed autologous anti-GBM antibody in all 3 layers
      of the GBM and in some regions it was present in greater amount in the lamina
      rara interna and externa than in the lamina densa. Experimental auto-immune
      glomerulonephritis in the rat is thus characterized morphologically by a focal
      proliferative glomerulonephritis which proceeds to focal glumerulosclerosis.

PMID- 972771
TI  - Further studies of the acute effects of phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and
      indomethacin on the rat kidney.
AB  - Experiments were donducted on rats to determine the lowest dose of either
      phenylbutazone or indomethacin capable of producing papillary necrosis and in
      each case it was found to be 50 mg/kg body weight. A single dose of
      oxyphenbutazone (444 mg/kg), a major metabolite of phenylbutazone in man,
      produced patchy cortical necrosis, which became more extensive during daily
      administration for 4 days, despite evidence of regeneration. Although papillary
      necrosis as such was never seen with this substance, there was evidence of damage
      to the lower nephron in the form of tubular necrosis and calcification.

PMID- 972772
TI  - Oncogenicity tests of p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline and p-nitroso-N,N
      diethylaniline in NZR rats and NZO mice.
AB  - Whole-of-life tests of the C-nitroso compounds p-nitrosodimethylaniline (NDMA)
      and p-nitroso-diethylaniline (NDEA) have been completed in male rats and mice fed
      maximum tolerated doses continuously over the first halves of their respective
      natural lifespans. The chemicals were offered at a concentration of 300 mg/litre
      drinking fluid, but the doses of NDEA consumed were only 75% of the NDMA doses,
      in both species. Possibly because of this the results with NDEA were
      statistically not clear-cut, but there was a significant increase in tumour
      incidence after NDMA treatment in both species. The main sites of tumorigenesis
      after NDMA were lung, kidney and malignant lymphoma in the rats, and lung,
      duodenum and malignant lymphoma in the mice. The results confirm our own earlier
      experiment and provide the first evidence of oncogenic activity in this class of
      compounds.

PMID- 972773
TI  - Serum pyridoxal and folate concentrations in diabetics.
AB  - Serum pyridoxal and folate concentrations were measured in 518 diabetics. There
      were 185 males and 333 females. The level of pyridoxal was significantly lower in
      the diabetics when compared with 371 'healthy' controls and 25% had levels below
      the lower limit of the normal range. No significant difference was observed
      between diabetics being treated by diet alone, oral hypoglycaemics or insulin.
      Only 20 patients had a reduced serum folate level and in 6 this was accompanied
      by a low pyridoxal concentration. The results suggest that diabetics may have an
      increased demand for pyridoxal.

PMID- 972774
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the pathogenesis of tissue injury in limited
      Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - Intravascular lysis of leucocytes was an early event in the process of tissue
      injury in a patient with limited Wegener's granulomatosis. This lysis, with
      consequent liberation of free organelles into the circulation, was followed by
      platelet aggregation and fibrin deposition in vessels with intact endothelial
      cells. Necrosis of endothelial cells also occurred early in the tissue injury.
      Complete obstruction of vessel lumina, with necrosis of their walls and of
      alveolar pneumocytes, followed. The alveolar spaces filled with fibrin and cell
      debris, and macrophages and fibroblasts migrated into these areas. The
      ultrastructural findings offer a rationale for current therapy. Cyclophosphamide
      therapy led to improvement in the clinical state, pulmonary function and
      histological changes.

PMID- 972775
TI  - Haemoglobin C and haemoglobin O Arab-thalassaemia in families of Greek origin.
AB  - A case of Haemoglobin C trait and a family with Haemoglobin O Arab thalassaemia
      from Greece are described. Both Haemoglobin C and Haemoglobin O Arab were
      identified by peptide analysis.

PMID- 972776
TI  - Haemoglobin Lepore Washington in an Australian family.
AB  - Haemoglobin Lepore Washington is reported apparently for the first time in a
      white Australian male. Because some of this patient's family have similar blood
      changes it is assumed that they also have inherited the disorder.

PMID- 972777
TI  - Introduction: traumatic injuries in children.

PMID- 972778
TI  - A re-evaluation of splenectomy.

PMID- 972779
TI  - Emergency management of the injured child.
AB  - Now that the crisis situation is past and the child appears to be stable, do not
      be lulled into a sense of security. Repeated examinations will be necessary to
      uncover significant internal injuries, such as a subcapsular hematoma of the
      spleen or liver that gives rise to continuous slow bleeding and may not show
      signs or symptoms until several hours after the time of injury. the first chest
      film may be within normal limits. A film several hours later may show the
      characteristic infiltrates of pulmonary contusion. Arterial blood gases may
      change before demonstrating other physical signs or symptoms of metabolic or
      respiratory deficiencies. The primary physician who cares for the multiply
      injured child must be familiar with the special needs of infants and children.
      They are not little adults. Dosages of medications differ; these children have
      special needs to meet for growth and development, and special psychologic needs.
      In dealing with the very young, do not give up too soon, especially with central
      nervous system injury. Many of these children have the ability to make a
      ""miraculous'' recovery, with little or no residual damage. I would like to make
      a special plea for the early use of hyperalimentation solution in the treatment
      of the multiple injury as a means of promoting optimum growth, development, and
      healing of the injured child.

PMID- 972780
TI  - Traumatic injuries in children: modern concepts. A pediatrician's view.

PMID- 972781
TI  - Acute thoracic injuries in children.

PMID- 972782
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of head injuries.

PMID- 972783
TI  - The adaptation of the fetal red cells of newborn lambs to extrauterine life: the
      role of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and and adult hemoglobin.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationship of the rise and
      fall of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) with the increase in adult hemoglobin and
      the decrease in red cell oxygen hemoglobin affinity after birth in normal lambs.
      It was found that the mean maximum DPG level was 26.71 +/- 4.98 mol/g Hb at 7.5
      +/- 1.1 days. At the same time the mean P50 and adult hemoglobin level was 27.0
      +/- 1.4 mm Hg and 31.1 +/- 11.i%, respectively. In the individual lambs, the
      level of their maximum DPG correlated inversely with the amount of adult
      hemoglobin (r-0.77, P less than 0.05). Once the DPG began to decrease, there was
      an inverse correlation between the DPG and the adult hemoglobin present in the
      red cell (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001). It appeared that the rise in DPG
      postanatally is only a compensatory mechanism until an adequate amount of adult
      hemoglobin is present. This fact was borne out by the second part of the study in
      which exchange transfusions with adult red cells were performed on five newborn
      lambs during the first 24 hr after birth and aborted the rise in DPG.

PMID- 972784
TI  - D-glyceric acidemia: biohcemical studies of a new syndrome.
AB  - Studies of a mentally retarded boy, clinically suffering from nonketotic
      hyperglycinemia, are reported. Using combined gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry, enzyme specificity studies, and spectropolariometry D-glyceric acid
      in extremely elevated concentrations was demonstrated in both serum and urine
      (serum: 1.0-1.3 mmol/liter, urine: 33-187 mmol/liter). Hydroxypyruvic acid was
      not detectable in urine from this boy using a gas chromatographic method with a
      limit of detection of 0.3 mmol/liter. Enzyme assays of D-glyceric dehydrogenase
      on blood leukocytes demonstrated significantly lower activity in the patient
      compared with five normal children.

PMID- 972785
TI  - A behavioral phenotype in the de Lange syndrome.
AB  - The behavior of nine patients with the de Lange syndrome was studied using
      videotape, a recording protocol of eight standardized stimulus conditions, and a
      visual, digital time reference which permitted precise coding and quantitative
      analysis. These patients avoid or reject social interactions and physical
      contact, and they do not distinguish in this between a stranger and the mother or
      her substitute. Social interactions with the adult stranger were scored in
      patients 1-7 as negative for 28-56 sec/min, whereas they were positive for 1-6
      sec/min. Statistical significance was at the level of P less than 0.01. In the
      case of the mother negative responses ranged from 21-45 sec/min and positive from
      3-27 sec/min. The patients exhibit infrequent facial expressions of emotion, and
      frequently display stereotypic movements. On the other hand, vestibular
      stimulation or vigorous movement appeared to be an effective means of eliciting
      pleasurable responses. When held in arms in the vertical position only one of
      nine children smiled at all and the frequency for that child was 0.8/min. When
      the child was bounced vigorously in the same position, all smiled but who was too
      large to be bounced. In the eight the frequency of smiling ranged from 0.8
      3.6/min. The data obtained indicate that a specific behavioral phenotype is
      associated with this syndrome.

PMID- 972786
TI  - Development of guanylylimidodiphosphate-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase
      by glucagon in the neonatal rat heart.
AB  - The basal adenylate cyclase activity of the rat heart increases with the age of
      the animal. By itself, 10(-5) M glucagon activates only adenylate cyclase
      activity from adult rat hearts. In contrast, 10(-5) M glucagon in the presence of
      10(-4)M 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (GMP-PNP) clearly activates adenylates
      cyclase activity in the 14-day-old rat heart, with some activation being evident
      in hearts of 7-day-old animals. GMP-PNP, 10(-4) M, activates adenylate cyclase
      activity by itself at ages of 14 days and older, but to a far lesser degree than
      in combination with 10(-5) M glucagon. Activity elicited by NaF increases
      throughout the neonatal period. The ratio of NaF-stimulated activity to basal
      activity increases from 6.3 at 2 days to 10.0 in the adult, a change which is not
      statistically significant. We conclude that a cardiac receptor for glucagon is
      present early in neonatal period of the rat, but this receptor cannot effect
      activation of adenylate cyclase and an increase in heart rate, or depletion of
      glycogen. Even in the presence of 10(-4) GMP-PNP, the response to glucagon by
      cardiac adenylate cyclase depends on the age of the rat. In heart cells from a 7
      day-old rat, the response is barely measurable but the magnitude of the response
      increases each week.

PMID- 972787
TI  - Riboflaven and bilirubin response during phototherapy.
AB  - Twenty-four jaundiced neonates were studied, 12 in the treatment group and 12 in
      the untreated group. Patients were randomly selected to receive oral riboflavin.
      The mean 24-hr bilirubin decrease was determined during phototherapy. Blue light
      (420-470 nm) energy ranged from 6-10 muW/cm2. The observed 24-hr bilirubin
      decreased was compared with the expected decrease based on an energy-dose
      response relationship. Riboflavin-treated infants received either 6-7 mu W/cm
      blue light energy or 810 muW/cm (same as control group). Those infants receiving
      less energy than the control group (8-10 muW)cm2 had a mean 24-hr bilirubin
      decrease (3.05 mg/100 ml/24 hr) equal to the control group (3.09 mg/100 ml/24
      hr). Those riboflavin-treated infants receiving energy equal to the control group
      showed a greater decline (5.2 mg/100 ml/24 hr) in their mean 24-hr bilirubin.
      Although effective, additional in vivo studies are required to clarify the full
      effects, especially on DNA, of using photosensitizers such as riboflavin in the
      presence of bilirubin and blue light energy (420-470 nm).

PMID- 972788
TI  - Dead reckoning: child health services and pediatric research. (Presidential
      address to the American Pediatric Society, April 28, 1976, St. Louis, Missouri).

PMID- 972789
TI  - Genetics: voyage of discovery for Everyman. (Presidential address to the Society
      for Pediatric Research, April 29, 1976, St. Louis, Missouri).

PMID- 972790
TI  - Commentary: screening for psychosocial problems.

PMID- 972791
TI  - Evaluation of the Porta-Warm mattress as a source of heat for neonatal transport.
AB  - One risk of transport of newborns to referral centers is hypothermia. Modern
      transport incubators have limitations in their ability to keep infants euthermic.
      As tested in the laboratory and during actual transport the Porta-Warm mattress
      extends the capability of the transport incubator to keep neonates euthermic by
      (1) reducing the time required to warm the incubator and (2) warming the
      incubator in cooler environements. The mattress is an effective adjunct to the
      transport incubator for keeping newborns warm during transport.

PMID- 972792
TI  - Urogenital tract abnormalities in sons of women treated with diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - Since in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is known to cause
      abnormalities of the female genital tract later in life, exposed male offspring
      were located, surveyed by mail, and compared with unexposed male offspring from
      the same period and medical practices. The exposed and unexposed respondents
      appeared comparable and did not differ in their response to most medical
      questions. However, a larger proportion of exposed than of unexposed boys had
      experienced problems in passing urine (12.9% vs. 1.8%, P = .0003) and
      abnormalities of the penile urethra (4.4% vs. 0%; P = .017).

PMID- 972793
TI  - Solitary thyroid nodules in childhood: is the incidence of thyroid carcinoma
      declining?
AB  - Solitary thyroid nodules in childhood had a 40% to 70% incidence of malignancy in
      the era of low-dose therapeutic irradiation. In the last 15 years, 36 children
      have been evaluated for such nodules, with a final diagnoses of carcinoma in 17%,
      adenoma in 58%, and miscellaneous diagnoses in 26%. All patients with carcinoma
      were euthyroid and had no history of irradiation in infancy. Treatment included
      thyroidectomy and full-replacement thyroid therapy. Benign neoplasms were often
      "cold" by scan; all patients were euthyroid except one adolescent body with T3
      toxicosis. A majority proved to be follicular adenomas at surgery. Miscellaneous
      benign conditions outnumbered carcinoma and included variations in migration or
      embryologic development of the thyroid anlagen, thyroiditis, and a thyroid
      abcess. A 99mTc scan proved more valuable in diagnosis than thyroid function
      tests: a "hot" nodule usually suggested a developmental abnormality of the
      thyroid rather than a tumor. Our series of children, born since the dangers of
      irradiation have become common knowledge, suggests there may be a changing trend
      in the pathology encountered in solitary thryoid nodules.

PMID- 972794
TI  - Physical signs in childhood asthma.
AB  - In 62 children with bronchial asthma, the presence of subjective dyspnea and
      wheeze, and some physical signs commonly associated with chronic obstructive
      airway disease in older patients, were compared with results of routine pulmonary
      function tests. Overall, airway resistance and the relationships of residual
      volume and functiona residual capacity to total lung capacity were increased and
      other measurements of pulmonary function were moderately decreased. The time
      honored subjective dyspnea, wheeze, rhonchi, and prolonged expiration were least
      useful as indices of severity of disease. Most of the patients, particularly
      those in whom laboratory testing revealed marked impairment, had notable rhonchi,
      prolonged expiration, scalene muscle and sternocleidomastoid contraction, and
      supraclavicular indrawing. Only sternocleidomastoid contraction and
      supraclavicular indrawing clearly correlated with the severity of airway
      obstruction. A call is made for a search for these useful signs, whose presence
      may be the only clue to moderately severe disease; however, their absence does
      not guarantee absence of severe airway obstruction.

PMID- 972795
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in children with asthma.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline following intravenous injection of
      aminophylline, 4 mg/kg of body weight, were determined in 30 children with asthma
      and in 6 normal adult volunteers. The average total clearance of theophylline was
      87 ml/hr/kg in the children and 57 ml/hr/kg in the adults. The biologic half-life
      of theophylline in the children ranged from 1.42 to 7.85 hours, reflecting mainly
      pronounced interindividual differences in the elimination rate constant of the
      drug. There was no significant difference between the children and adults with
      respect to the distribution rate constants and apparent volumes of distribution
      of theophylline, but the elimination rate constant of the drug was considerably
      higher in children than in adults. Thus, children eliminate theophylline more
      rapidly on the average than do adults and also show pronounced interindividual
      differences in the elimination of the drug. Compared to adults, children tend to
      require relatively larger amounts of theophylline per day and the doses may have
      to be given at shorter intervals of time.

PMID- 972796
TI  - Care of the critically ill child: the bleeding neonate.
AB  - Serious bleeding episodes in newborn infants can usually be diagnosed following
      careful clinical assessment and a few simple laboratory tests. Certain conditions
      are found almost exclusively in "sick" infants, whereas other coagulation
      abnormalities occur in otherwise "healthy" neonates. Successful management of
      hemorrhage necessitates a correct diagnosis which thereby dictates appropirate
      therapy. In some cases, such as in DIC, successful outcome ultimately depends on
      correction of the underlying pathophysiology which triggered the coagulation
      disturbance.

PMID- 972797
TI  - Jansen's metaphyseal dysostosis.
AB  - A case of Jansen's metaphyseal dysostosis, a rare disorder of endochondral
      ossification, is described. This is the first case in which the severe
      radiographic manifestations of this disease were detected at birth. Linear growth
      is significantly retarded at 2 years of age. Nevertheless, because full
      ossification with trabeculae is anticipated, early recognition and appropriate
      management during the phase of active growth should minimize deformities.

PMID- 972798
TI  - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: absence of circulating endotoxin.
AB  - In children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome endotoxin determinations were carried
      out in the peripheral circulation in order to get evidence for the hypothetical
      role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of the disease. For this purpose the
      Limulus test was used to determine endotoxin activity in 16 patients with
      hemolytic-uremic syndrome. In the plasma of these patients no endotoxin could be
      detected above the lower detection limit of 100 pg/ml, although in all patients
      with septicemia due to gram-negative bacilli the test was positive.

PMID- 972799
TI  - Near-drowning in children: clinical aspects.
AB  - Drowning is the third most common cause of death in the pediatric age group in
      Florida. The clinical presentation, laboratory data, modes of therapy and outcome
      of 34 cases of near-drowning in children under the age of 14 years were reviewed.
      The most common clinical findings on admission were a history of cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation, tachypnea, pulmonary edema, and acidosis. Twenty-eight (82%)
      patients survived. Twelve (35%) required mechanical ventilation. Of these only
      six survived, four of them with severe neurological sequelae. Modern management
      of respiratory failure is important for the ultimate survival of these patients;
      however, the final neurological outcome seems to be related to brain damage at
      the time of the asphyxia rather than to subsequent management.

PMID- 972800
TI  - The school nurse practitioner: providing improved health care to children.
AB  - School nurse practitioners have the competence to participate in providing a
      broad range of direct primary health care and services to the school-age child.
      Greater utilization of these specially prepared and highly qualified nurse
      practitioners as providers of health care in the school is a practical and
      effective method of adding to the quality, availability, and continuity of health
      care for the school-age child.

PMID- 972801
TI  - Gasoline and flammable and nonflammable clothing studies.
AB  - Studies were conducted on mannequins using gasoline and flammable and
      nonflammable children's clothing. The results indicate that the flame-resistant
      standards currently required by law for children's sleepweare lead to much less
      severe burns.

PMID- 972802
TI  - A pediatric screening examination for psychosocial problems.
AB  - In an effort to avert the cumulative effects of unresolved emotional problems on
      children's social and school adjustment, a psychosocial phase was added to a
      pediatric multiphasic examination. Based upon a cumulative stress concept, the
      screening procedures included child behavior and family stress questionnaires for
      parents, and abbreviated standard psychological tests for children, administered
      by specially trained aides. Computerized results were reported to the child's
      pediatrician. Follow-up by mental health counselors attached to the pediatric
      clinic was provided for patients identified as being at high risk of serious
      psychosocial problems. Evidence of validity of the screen, factors affecting the
      scores, and effectiveness of clinical follow-up of high-risk patients are
      discussed. Valid semicomputerized screening of school-age children for serious
      psychosocial problems can be carried out routinely and at relatively low cost by
      paraprofessional personnel in a pediatric setting. Impediments to effective use
      of the screening results on the part of both health care provider and patient are
      discussed.

PMID- 972803
TI  - Incidence of illness in early group and family day-care.
AB  - The frequency of reported illness in children enrolled in a day-care center was
      compared to frequency in home-reared children and in children in family day-care
      homes. Children ranged from 6 to 42 months of age (mean, 21 months). Data on
      seven categories of illness were collected by bimonthly telephone interviews with
      parents during two consecutive winters. In the first year of the study
      gastrointestinal and total illnesses were reported significantly more frequently
      in children enrolled in the day-care center, though major illnesses were not. In
      the second year of the study illnesses were significantly more frequently
      reported in center children though mainly at the younger ages, that is, prior to
      2 years of age. The mean numbers of illnesses and symptoms reported per call over
      the 2 years of the study were 2.56, 1.36, and 1.35 for center, home-reared and
      family day-care children respectively. Though it has been shown elsewhere that
      psychological health may be unaffected by early group care, the present findings
      imply that physical health may be somewhat reduced. It is unknown whether these
      children will be more resistant to infection at a later age.

PMID- 972804
TI  - Experience and reason--briefly recorded.
AB  - Solitary pyogenic hepatic abscesses were identified as the cause of fever,
      abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly in two otherwise normal children who were seen
      at St. Louis Children's Hospital during the past year. Liver function tests were
      normal and blood cultures were negative in both patients. These cases illustrate
      that pyogenic liver abscess may occur in normal children and should be considered
      whenever fever of unknown origin is associated with abdominal complaints. Only in
      this way can we hope to improve upon the results cited previously, namely that
      the majority of liver abscesses remain undiagnosed during life.

PMID- 972805
TI  - Pseudobattering in Vietnamese children.

PMID- 972806
TI  - Plasma renin activity in familial dysautonomia: unresponsiveness to a beta
      adrenergic blocker.

PMID- 972807
TI  - Theophylline in asthma.

PMID- 972808
TI  - Tympanometry controversy and middle ear effusion:  too much concern or too
      little.

PMID- 972809
TI  - Concern about theophylline.

PMID- 972810
TI  - [Clinical aspects of birth injuries of the nervous system in infants of the 1st
      week of life and the role of pediatrician of the maternity home in their early
      diagnosis].

PMID- 972811
TI  - [Diagnosis of certain intracranial pathological processes in newborn infants by
      the method of echoencephalography].

PMID- 972812
TI  - [Blood glycogen dynamics in healthy newborn infants and in those with
      intracranial birth injury].

PMID- 972813
TI  - [Change of carbohydrate metabolism in dyscirculatory encephalopathies in newborn
      infants].

PMID- 972814
TI  - [Leukocyte blast transformation reaction in newborn infants].

PMID- 972815
TI  - [Results and perspectives of scientific stuidies of the problem: "Physiology and
      pathology of newborn infants"].

PMID- 972816
TI  - [Isoenzyme spectrum and total activity of lactate dehydrogenase and malate
      dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of newborn infants under normal and certain
      hypoxic conditions].

PMID- 972817
TI  - [Characteristics of lipid metabolism in newborn infants during the first 2 weeks
      of life in certain pathological conditions].

PMID- 972818
TI  - [Diameter of neutrophils in newborn infants in the 1st few days after birth].

PMID- 972819
TI  - [Phenomenon of local eosinophilia in toxic erythema of newborn infants].

PMID- 972820
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity of newborn infants with manifestations of allergic
      diathesis].

PMID- 972821
TI  - [Syndrome of the left ventricle hypoplasia in newborn infants and its
      relationship with primary endocardial fibroelastosis].

PMID- 972822
TI  - [State of arterial blood pressure in newborn infants with pneumonia (according to
      tachooscillographic data)].

PMID- 972823
TI  - [Perspectives of development of pediatric science in the 10th Five-Year Plan].

PMID- 972824
TI  - [Training of interns-pediatricians in physiology and pathology of the newborn at
      the pediatric Chair of the II Moscow N.I. Pirogov Medical Institute].

PMID- 972825
TI  - [Hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome in newborn infants and young children with
      neuroinfections and acute respiratory diseases].

PMID- 972826
TI  - [Cerebroside lipoidosis (Gaucher's disease) in children].

PMID- 972827
TI  - [Pyridoxine-sensitive homocystinuria].

PMID- 972828
TI  - [Diagnosis of chronic erosion of palatal mucosa (Bednar's aphthae) in infants].

PMID- 972829
TI  - [Main syndrome of prenatal infection caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
      - hydrocephalus and chorioretinal degeneration].

PMID- 972830
TI  - Lethal short-limbed chondrodysplasia in early infancy.
AB  - Nineteen cases of chondrodysplastic short-limbed dwarfism in early infancy were
      studied in the context of current clinical classification based on established
      radiographic criteria. The histopathologic findings were sufficiently distinctive
      in most categories to provide additional diagnostic criteria and to contribute to
      the understanding and delineation of these disorders. 1. Homozygous
      achondroplasia is distinguished by markedly disturbed endochondral ossification
      that differs from the pattern seen in typical heterozygous achondroplasia. The
      physeal chondrocytes contain abundant granules of glycogen. 2. Achondrogenesis,
      the severest form of chondrodysplasia, exists in 2 types, in which the
      histopathologic findings appear to be distinctive and diagnostic. Type 1 is
      characterized by severe disturbance in endochondral ossification. The zone of
      resting cartilage contains relatively normal matrix, and the chondrocytes contain
      intracytoplasmic inclusions. The cartilaginous matrix in type 2 is markedly
      deficient, and the chondrocytes have a large, primitive, mesenchymatous
      appearance. 3. Thanatophoric dwarfism is associated with disorganized
      endochondral ossification similar to that in homozygous achondroplasia, but there
      is no accumulation of glycogen within chondrocytes. Type 2 thanatophoric dwarfism
      is differentiated from classical type 1 by the presence of cloverleaf skull and
      histologically by many bone-lined, penetrating vascular canals in the physis and
      by hyperactive osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the metaphysis. 4. Asphyxiating
      thoracic dysplasia of Jeune is differentiated histologically into 2 types. Type 1
      is characterized by patchy distribution of endochondral ossification in the
      physis, irregular physeal-metaphyseal junction and large islands of poorly
      mineralized cartilage in the metaphysis. Type 2 is characterized by uniform
      distribution of endochondral ossification that is disorganized and is accompanied
      by advancing cartilage forming latticelike meshwork in the metaphysis. 5.
      Chondroectodermal dysplasia, which is radiographically similar to asphyxiating
      thoracic dysplasia, is marked by the presence of large islands of poorly
      mineralized cartilage in the spongiosa of vertebral bodies. Disorganized
      endochondral ossification is, however, uniformly distributed, and there is no
      latticelike advancing cartilage in the metaphysis. 6. Chondrodysplasia punctata
      is characterized by myxoid and cystic degeneration of physeal and epiphyseal
      cartilage with focal calcification. Type 2 (Conradi-Hunermann) has a nearly
      normal pattern of endochondral ossification, even though there may be severe
      disturbance and retardation of the process. The columnization of physeal
      chondrocytes is normal. Type 1 (rhizomelic) differs by having markedly retarded
      and disorganized endochondral ossification. 7...

PMID- 972831
TI  - [Anti-HL-A immunization in polytransfused patients according to the antigenic
      composition of the transfused blood].
AB  - The presence of anti-HL-A antibodies in a polytransfused person very often is a
      sign of a bad prognosis for survival of renal grafts or for the efficacity of
      leucocyte transfusion. In this paper, we describe the immunization of 5 patients
      who have been studied for several years. The number of units transfused as well
      as antigenic HL-A composition of these units are known for each patient. This
      enabled us to identify for each antigen, the number of blood units transfused
      (results given in %). Our observations confirm facts already described by several
      authors, study of voluntary programmed immunization, with the cells from the same
      donor. Furthermore, we are aware that there does not appear to be any direct
      relationship between proportion (absolute value) of the antigens received and
      specificity of antibodies. The time needed for an individual to become immunized
      does not appear to be related to the number of transfusions. This could lead to
      the modification of the criteria allowing to classify individuals as "responders"
      or "non-responders".

PMID- 972832
TI  - The erythrocyte-granulocyte rosette. An immune cellular interaction found in some
      cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemias.
AB  - Erythrocyte-granulocyte rosettes (EGR) were found in the capillary blood of two
      cases of autoimmune haemolytic anemia, the first caused by an IgM non-I antibody
      and the second by an IgG. Both antibodies activated complement, and C3b was
      demonstrated on the erythrocytes. The rosettes appeared as arrangements of 6-10
      red cells adhering to a central granulocyte; phagocytosis was most generally
      absent. The finding of EGR in the capillary blood may be useful for the
      recognition of complement activation up to the C3b stage in some cases of
      autoimmune haemolytic anemia.

PMID- 972833
TI  - Volumes and cellularity in populations of hematopoietic clones.
AB  - Volumes of hematopoietic spleen colonies were estimated by measuring parameters
      of superimposed triaxial ellipsoids. Observations were made on groups of colonies
      that contained only undifferentiated cells or had differentiated to varying
      degrees into purely erythropoietic, purely granulocytic or purely megakaryocytic
      colonies. The average volume occupied by one cell and surrounding matrix, the so
      called single cell space, was determined for each type of colony. The estimated
      colony cellularity was then computed from the measured colony volume and the
      tabulated single cell space. The techniques of measurement are described.
      Formulas are provided to estimate mean and variance of volumes and their cell
      contents. Data on the distribution of spleen colony size and cellularity after
      seven days of growth are given.

PMID- 972835
TI  - A home night nursing service.

PMID- 972834
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin levels in ulcerative colitis: an investigation.

PMID- 972836
TI  - Left upper lobectomy for carcinoma.

PMID- 972837
TI  - Looking forward.

PMID- 972838
TI  - Psychiatric research in the MRC Brain Metabolism Unit.

PMID- 972839
TI  - Oculomucocutaneous syndrome associated with the administration of practolol.

PMID- 972840
TI  - Vitamin B12 and pernicious anaemia.

PMID- 972841
TI  - Education-5. Discovery methods of teaching and team teaching.

PMID- 972842
TI  - Management of attention-seeking patients-2.

PMID- 972843
TI  - Home care service for cancer patients.

PMID- 972844
TI  - [Plasma viscosity and thrombelastogram and some blood clotting factors in
      patients with atherosclerosis].

PMID- 972845
TI  - [Study of the portal system by catheterizing the umbilical vein].

PMID- 972846
TI  - [Incidence of viral hepatitis among health services personnel in the last 10
      years].

PMID- 972847
TI  - [Evaluation of results of spa rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarct
      by a modified Master's test].

PMID- 972848
TI  - [Peripheral blood changes in patients with urogenital diseases treated with
      Chlorocid and Biseptol].

PMID- 972849
TI  - [Use of propanidid in electrical cardioversion].

PMID- 972850
TI  - [Comparison and evaluation of usefulness of serum aspAT, A1AT, bilirubin
      determinations, thymol turbidity and zinc flocculation tests and urinary
      urobilinogen level in detection of anicteric cases of viral hepatitis based on
      examination of contacts].

PMID- 972851
TI  - [Appendicitis as a complication of measles].

PMID- 972852
TI  - [Importance of funduscopy in the evaluation of retinal vascular changes in the
      process of aging].

PMID- 972853
TI  - Separation of Met-tRNAf and Met-tRNAm by chromatography on Sepharose 4B columns.
AB  - Unfractionated rabbit liver tRNA, charged with [3H]methionine by use of rat liver
      enzymes, was separated into two [3H5methionine-containing fractions by column
      chromatography on Sepharose 4B. The two fractions were identified as Met-tRNAMetm
      and Met-tRNAMetf by (a) their different ability for form a GTP-dependent ternary
      complex with IF-MP, and (b) the absence of the first fraction after selective
      charging of the tRNA with E. coli amino acyl tRNA synthetase. The methionine
      residue was without noticeable influence on the separation.

PMID- 972854
TI  - Affinity chromatography of thymidine kinase from a rat colon adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Thymidine kinase from a transplantable colon adenocarcinoma, induced by 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine and maintained in CDF rats, was purified by affinity
      chromatography using thymidine-3'(4-aminophenylphosphate) coupled to carboxyhexyl
      Sepharose. Most of the contaminating protein passed through the column; non
      specifically adsorbed protein was washed from the column by 0.1 M KC1 in 0.01 M
      Tris-HC1, 7.5. Thymidine kinase was eluted with 0.1 mM thymidine, 0.1 M KC1 in
      0.01 M Tris-HC1, pH 7.5. The purified enzyme accounted for about 26% of the
      applied activity; the specific activity of the purified material (peak fraction)
      was 3,500 moles TMP formed per mg protein per 10 min., a 1,800-fold purification
      of the applied extract. The preparation is free of nucleoside phosphotransferase,
      but contains other protein impurities. Purification was completed in less than 1
      hour, making this a useful procedure for isolation of this unstable enzyme.

PMID- 972855
TI  - Ion-affinity electrophoresis. Preparation and properties of phosphorylated
      polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - Strong, pliable polyacrylamide gels containing covalently bound phosphate groups
      have been formed by radical-initiated copolymerization of acrylamide and a
      phosphorylated, N-substituted derivative of acrylamide. Under conditions of disc
      electrophoresis, the gels provide enhanced resolution in the separation of
      hemoglobin A from S, and separate two forms of yeast glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
      Preliminary evidence suggests that the improved resolution is due to ionic
      adsorption of the proteins to immobilized phosphate groups, implying that the
      gels may function as supports for electrophoretically powered separations
      involving ion-exchange or affinity chromatography.

PMID- 972856
TI  - Measurements over 5 d of the flow of dry matter and of chromic oxide at the
      duodenum of cattle [proceedings].

PMID- 972857
TI  - Effect of dietary proportions of roughage and concentrate on rate of digestion of
      dried grass and cellulose in the rumen of sheep [proceedings].

PMID- 972858
TI  - The effect of processing before wafering on the nutritive value of first and
      second harvest artificially dried grass from the same sward [proceedings].

PMID- 972859
TI  - Carbon metabolism in sheep fed on poor-quality hill herbage [proceedings].

PMID- 972860
TI  - The value of processing barley in a mixed diet offered to cattle [proceedings].

PMID- 972861
TI  - A protein allowance for lactating beef cows [proceedings].

PMID- 972862
TI  - The effect of frequency of feeding and of the dietary energy source upon
      microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep [proceedings].

PMID- 972863
TI  - Absorption and recycling of nitrogenous compounds in the digestive tract of sheep
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972864
TI  - The effect of time upon responses to intraperitoneal injections of DL- methionine
      in sheep fed on silage diets [proceedings].

PMID- 972865
TI  - The effect of fasting in the non-lactating cow on hepatic lipid content and
      ultrastructure [proceedings].

PMID- 972866
TI  - Antiketogenic effect of glucose in fasted, lactating cows [proceedings].

PMID- 972867
TI  - Sex differences in energy intake and expenditure.

PMID- 972868
TI  - Sex differences in iron absorption.

PMID- 972869
TI  - Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium requirement.

PMID- 972870
TI  - Food preferences of males and females.

PMID- 972871
TI  - The influence of physical processing on the intake, digestion and utilization of
      dried herbage.

PMID- 972872
TI  - The influence of conservation methods on digestion and utilization of forages by
      ruminants.

PMID- 972873
TI  - The utilization of the products of green-crop fractionation by pigs and
      ruminants.

PMID- 972874
TI  - The effect of processing on digestion and utilization of cereals by ruminants.

PMID- 972875
TI  - Postnatal protein malnutrition: a major reduction in brain-cell size or cell
      number [proceedings]?

PMID- 972876
TI  - Origin of amino acids in rumen bacteria. Studies using (15 N)urea [proceedings].

PMID- 972877
TI  - Turnover of bacterial nucleic acids in the rumen [proceedings].

PMID- 972878
TI  - Platelet aggregation in rats made hyperuricaemic with nucleic adid-rich diets
      containing oxonate, and inhibitor of uricase [proceedings].

PMID- 972879
TI  - The effects of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on the calcium and phosphorus
      metabolism of dairy heifers [proceedings].

PMID- 972880
TI  - The influence of dietary sodium and fibre on mineral absorption in the small and
      large intestines of growing pigs [proceedings].

PMID- 972881
TI  - Ascorbic acid concentrations in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972882
TI  - A futile energy cycle in adult rats given a low-protein diet at high levels of
      energy intake [proceedings]?

PMID- 972883
TI  - The influence of plane of nutrition and environmental temperature on heat loss
      and energy retention in the pig [proceedings].

PMID- 972884
TI  - The effect of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate on food intake, growth rate
      and acid-base balance in calves [proceedings].

PMID- 972885
TI  - Success and failure of breast-feeding in relation to energy intake [proceedings].

PMID- 972886
TI  - The absence of delta 6-desaturase activity in the cat [proceedings].

PMID- 972887
TI  - Changes in plasma lipids of man after substituting glucose-syrup solids for table
      sucrose [proceedings].

PMID- 972888
TI  - Some immediate metabolic responses in man to fructose ingestion [proceedings].

PMID- 972889
TI  - Cholesterol-lowering effect of lignin in rats [proceedings].

PMID- 972890
TI  - A prospective study of modified-fat and low-carbohydrate dietary advice in the
      treatment of maturity-onset diabetes [proceedings].

PMID- 972891
TI  - Nutritional knowledge and food habits of families with children attending a state
      nursery school in Sheffield [proceedings].

PMID- 972892
TI  - Food intake and anthropometric data on children under 4 years old living in the
      south of England [proceedings].

PMID- 972893
TI  - Effects of various salts of lignosulphonate on the colon of guinea-pigs
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972894
TI  - Sex differences in the fatty acid composition of total carcass lipids of obese
      and lean zucker rats [proceedings].

PMID- 972895
TI  - The effect of bran on the excretion of faecal cations [proceedings].

PMID- 972896
TI  - A study of infant feeding practices in Edinburgh [proceedings].

PMID- 972897
TI  - Advice received by ninety-four mothers on infant feeding in Edinburgh
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972898
TI  - The effect of variations in dietary protein levels on the collagen of rat skin
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972899
TI  - Arsanilic acid and its relationship to selenium and vitamin E in the nutrition of
      the pig [proceedings].

PMID- 972900
TI  - Nutritional effects of field-bean (Vicia faba L.) protease inhibitors and field
      beans fed to rats [proceedings].

PMID- 972901
TI  - Copper and zinc deposition in the foetal lamb [proceedings].

PMID- 972902
TI  - Fatty acid composition of triglycerides of goats fed on a barley-rich diet
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972903
TI  - Urinary excretion of methylmalonic and ethylmalonic acids by sheep fed on a
      barley-rich diet [proceedings].

PMID- 972904
TI  - Utilization of fish-protein hydrolysate for artificial rearing of lambs
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972905
TI  - Acetyl groups in dietary polysaccharides [proceedings].

PMID- 972906
TI  - Digestion of acetyl groups and cell-wall polysaccharides of grasses in the rumen
      [proceedings].

PMID- 972907
TI  - The effect of the condensed tannins of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) on the
      release of soluble leaf protein into the food bolus of cattle [proceedings].

PMID- 972908
TI  - The energy value for sheep of three successive harvests of lucerne when
      artificially dried and fed in the chopped and pelleted forms [proceedings].

PMID- 972909
TI  - The intake, digestibility and retention time of roughage diets by red deer
      (Cervus elaphus) and sheep [proceedings].

PMID- 972910
TI  - The trace components of plasma: an overview.

PMID- 972911
TI  - Experience in the clinical use of human trace proteins.

PMID- 972912
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 972913
TI  - Haptoglobin: its lsolation and clinical significance.

PMID- 972914
TI  - The complement system: a progress report.

PMID- 972915
TI  - Systematic evaluation of cellular radiosensitivity parameters.
AB  - Cellular radiosensitivity parameters of the track structure theory of Katz and co
      workers are evaluated from a sum of squares minimizing computer program for
      nonlinear models. Based on these observations, suggestions are presented for
      efficient experiment design for the determination of these parameters from track
      segment bombardments of high LET radiations.

PMID- 972916
TI  - Dosimetry for irregular shaped fields of beta rays.
AB  - The feasibility of using various shapes and sizes of field limiting devices and
      collimators with beta-ray eye applicators has necessitated the study of dosimetry
      for these fields. A method of calculating surface and depth doses for any shaped
      field from the data for circular fields is presented. The depth dose evaluation
      is based on a measured dose function which is defined as the dose rate at a
      particular depth for a particular circular field. The evaluated values for the
      surface and depth dose were compared with experimentally obtained values for
      three non-circular fields. The good agreement in these data indicates the
      practicability of the method suggested.

PMID- 972917
TI  - Transport calculations of gamma ray flux density and dose rate about implantable
      californium-252 sources.
AB  - Gamma flux density and dose rate distributions have been calculated about
      implantable californium-252 sources for an infinite tissue medium. Point source
      flux densities as a function of energy and position were obtained from a discrete
      ordinates calculation, and the flux densities were multiplied by their
      corresponding kerma factors and added to obtain point source dose rates. The
      point dose rates were integrated over the line source to obtain line source dose
      rates. Container attenuation was accounted for by evaluating the point dose rate
      as a function of platinum thickness. Both primary and secondary flux densities
      and dose rates are presented. The agreement with an independent Monte Carlo
      calculation was excellent. The data presented should be useful for the design of
      new source configurations.

PMID- 972918
TI  - Conversion from exposure to dose for megavoltage beams under 3 MeV.
AB  - An exact expression was developed for conversion from exposure in air to dose in
      some medium at the depth where the kerma equals the dose. This depth was
      estimated for 60Co beams in water using published data, and found to be 0-4 +/- 0
      05 cm. An example of the use of the conversion relationship for a 60Co beam is
      given.

PMID- 972919
TI  - Attenuation measurements of a fast neutron radiotherapy beam.
AB  - Attenuation measurements have been made for pressed wood, steel and lead in the
      neutron beam generated by 35 MeV deuterons on a thick Be target, using narrow
      beam, semibroad-beam and broad-beam geometries. In addition, the measurements
      were extended to the neutron beams from 25 and 15 MeV D+ on Be, for semibroad
      beam geometry only. A tissue-equivalent plastic ionization chamber was used as
      the detector; hence the measured parameter approximated the total (n + gamma)
      dose in tissue. After correcting for radiation scattering around the absorbers,
      the remaining curves were nearly exponential in most cases, and a build-up factor
      could be employed to describe the varying degree of scattered radiation dose as a
      function of absorber thickness and geometry. The results given should be
      applicable in designing primary-beam shields and collimators, as well as
      providing a useful basis for extending calculations to other geometries through
      Monte Carlo techniques.

PMID- 972920
TI  - Physics of contrast mechanism and averaging effect of linear attenuation
      coefficients in a computerized transverse axial tomography CTAT) transmission
      scanner.
AB  - Detailed studies of the basic contrast mechanisms in computerized transverse
      axial tomography scanners have been carried out. Contrast is related to the
      effective atomic numbers and electron densities of materials and the resultant
      linear attenuation coefficients. We have therefore quantitatively evaluated
      various samples defined by these parameters. A multienergetic X-ray source causes
      resolution degrading problems arising from the averaging effect of the linear
      attenuation coefficients. The controversy regarding the use of fixed length water
      bath as a reference to compensate the spectral shift (hardening) effect of the
      multienergetic X-ray source is also analysed and reported. Computer simulations
      demonstrating the sensitivities of the linear attenuation coefficient
      measurements and errors, as functions of the energy spectrum, were made for
      representative cases. Simulation results indicate that by using a full water
      bath, artifacts stemming from the multienergetic X-ray souce can be significantly
      reduced. An alternative approach using a count rate equalizer, considered to be
      another way of reducing the wide dynamic range in count rate when a water bath is
      not used, is also studied and the results reported.

PMID- 972921
TI  - Quantitative proton tomography: preliminary experiments.
AB  - An attempt has been made to see whether energetic protons (158 MeV) could be used
      instead of X-rays in computerized axial tomography to detect density differences
      of the order of those at which commercial X-ray tomographs cease to be useful. A
      circularly symmetrical phantom consisting of Lucite and sugar solutions was used,
      and density differences of 0-5% were reconstructed with reasonable accuracy from
      data obtained with very simple equipment. Discontinuities in either density or
      chemical composition, or both, seem to cause artifacts in the reconstruction.
      These may be related to the West-Sherwood effect.

PMID- 972922
TI  - A measurement of the average energy required to create an ion pair in nitrogen by
      250 MeV/amu C6+ ions.

PMID- 972923
TI  - An improved method for detecting passive pills.
AB  - One of the principal disadvantages of the passive pill as a telemetric method for
      measuring various physiological parameters has been its resticted range. The
      reasons for the restricted range with existing detection methods are discussed.
      An improved method using a locking spectrometer based on third-order phase
      sensitive detection is described and its performance is assessed. A significant
      increase in the usable range of a high sensitivity passive pill is obtained.

PMID- 972924
TI  - Measurements of trabecular bone structure in man.
AB  - A quantitative analysis of trabecular bone structure is presented, based on
      omnidirectional distributions of paths across (a) trabeculation and (b) marrow
      cavities. The omnidirectional distributions, which take into account structural
      anisotropy, are generated from measured distributions of paths. Representative
      examples are given, together with values of two commonly quoted structural
      parameters, the ratio of endosteal surface to bone volume and percentage bone
      volume. Data on the biological and age variations in the third lumbar vertebra
      are also presented and an index of trabecular anisotropy suggested. Finally, the
      results are compared with those of other workers and estimates of useful skeletal
      parameters given.

PMID- 972925
TI  - Determination of the efficacy of the mechanism changing the relative rate of
      blood flow through cutaneous and deep lying veins with temperature.
AB  - An analytical model of the circulation in the upper extremities of man is used;
      it consists of one artery, a deep vein lying close to the artery and returning a
      fraction p of the arterial blood flow, and a cutaneous vein carrying the fraction
      (1 - p). Using the model, a method is given for finding, for any subject, the
      efficiency of the mechanism which changes the circulation pattern with
      temperature. A patient's extremity is immersed in water at 25 and 10 degrees c
      and the rate of blood flow and rate of heat loss from that flow are measured.
      Computation of p for these two temperatures is reduced to the solution of two
      linear equations. The method is applied to 11 subjects and gives good agreement
      with results obtained by a more elaborate method.

PMID- 972926
TI  - Calculation of retinal temperature distributions resulting from laser irradiation
      of the eye: I. Continuous lasers.
AB  - The paper develops a simple analytic expression for the maximum temperature rise
      attained in the retina as a function of laser power, exposure duration, retinal
      absorption parameters and image radius. It is assumed that the laser beam has a
      Gaussian intensity distribution and is absorbed, following Beer's law, in both
      the pigment epithelium and the choroid layers of the eye. The final expression is
      mathematically accurate to 1% and is valid for image radii ranging from 20 to 500
      mum and for exposure times from 30 ms to infinity. Consequently, this analysis is
      ideally suited to the interpretation of laser threshold damage experiments using
      shuttered gas lasers operated in their uniphase mode. Finally, the problem of
      defining a safe exposure level to laser radiation is considered. However, the
      lack of available information on minimum retinal image diameter and maximum
      absorption coefficient permits only an estimate of this parameter to be made.

PMID- 972927
TI  - Follow-up study of patients treated by x-ray epilation for tinea capitis.
      Estimation of the dose to the thyroid and pituitary glands and other structures
      of the head and neck.
AB  - This study is a further investigation of radiation dose to various head
      structures in the children given X-ray therapy for tinea capitis (ringworm of the
      scalp). In this work, estimates of the dose to the thyroid and pituitary gland
      were obtained with lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosemeters using a child's
      head phantom. Doses were also measured for the parotid gland and several skin
      sites where skin tumours developed in the irradiated cases. In a previous study,
      brain and scalp doses of 140 and 500-800 rad had been estimated for the treated
      group using this same head phantom. In this work dosemeters were also placed in
      the same brain locations so that comparisons could be obtained between the two
      studies. The thyroid dose was estimated to be 6 +/- 2 rad and the pituitary dose
      was 49 +/- 6 rad for the conventional tinea capitis treatment. The dose to the
      parotid gland was 39 rad and the dose to skin sites on the face and neck where
      tumours occurred ranged from 20 to 40 rad. The data for the thyroid adenoma
      response from this and other studies involving irradiation of children suggests a
      linear dose-response relationship within the first 30-40 years after exposure
      with a risk of about 0-04% per rad.

PMID- 972928
TI  - Neutron dose rate for low energy deuterons on beryllium.

PMID- 972929
TI  - The measurement of radioactive microspheres in biological samples.

PMID- 972930
TI  - Simple modification of Turner fluorometer for bioluminescence measurements.

PMID- 972931
TI  - Comments on the validity of compartmental analysis for Hippuran distribution.

PMID- 972933
TI  - A fibre-optic microdensitometer.

PMID- 972932
TI  - In vitro analysis with 14 MeV neutrons: a comment on the fast flux distribution
      through the body.

PMID- 972934
TI  - Role of complex formation in the photosensitized degradation of DNA induced by N'
      formylkynurenine.

PMID- 972935
TI  - Photooxidation of xanthobilirubic acid in aqueous solution: product and mechanism
      studies.

PMID- 972936
TI  - Spectroscopic behaviour of retinyl polyenes in solid films.

PMID- 972937
TI  - Photoreaction of O2,2'-anhydrouridine with ethanol.

PMID- 972938
TI  - Triplet electronic structure and photoreactivity of 8-methoxypsoralen.

PMID- 972939
TI  - Photochemical probes of biomembrane structure and function. Cyclohexanone
      photochemistry in a model system.

PMID- 972940
TI  - Insulin pretreatment facilitates recovery after dorsal hippocampal lesions.

PMID- 972941
TI  - Maternal and nutritional factors in maintenance of infant rat cardiac rate
      following maternal separation.

PMID- 972942
TI  - Effects of hyperstriatal lesions on within-day serial reversal performance in
      pigeons.

PMID- 972943
TI  - Role of novelty in the aversion for increasingly concentrated saccharin
      solutions.

PMID- 972944
TI  - Sex difference in the effect of dexamethasone on open-field behavior in rats:
      gonadal hormones.

PMID- 972945
TI  - Combined effects of ECS and metrazol on passive avoidance learning.

PMID- 972946
TI  - Correlation of behavioral and bioelectrical alterations caused by nitrous oxide.

PMID- 972947
TI  - Activity-stress ulcer in the rat, hamster, gerbil and guinea pig.

PMID- 972948
TI  - Gastric modulation of gustatory afferent activity.

PMID- 972949
TI  - Response patterning in hippocampectomized rats.

PMID- 972950
TI  - Motor activity and alcohol: genetic analysis in the mouse.

PMID- 972951
TI  - Nutritional experience and spacing of shock opportunities alter the effects of
      septal lesions on passive avoidance acquisition by male rats.

PMID- 972952
TI  - Deficits in avoidance learning following septal lesions in the albino rat.

PMID- 972953
TI  - Effects of differential environments on recovery from neonatal brain lesions,
      measured by problem-solving scores and brain dimensions.

PMID- 972954
TI  - Sleep in a schooling fish, Tilapia mossambica.

PMID- 972955
TI  - Electroencephalographic correlates of the audiogenic seizure response of inbred
      mice.

PMID- 972956
TI  - Effects of quinine adulterated diets on the food intake and body weight of obese
      and non-obese hypothalamic hyperphagic rats.

PMID- 972957
TI  - Effects of amphetamine and illumination on activity following frontal ablation.

PMID- 972958
TI  - Observation of frequency specific discharges at the unit level in conditioned
      cats.

PMID- 972959
TI  - Electronic circuit for controlling a shuttle box behavioural experiment.

PMID- 972960
TI  - Learning to control heart rate: effects of varying incentive and criterion of
      success on task performance.

PMID- 972961
TI  - Paced respiration as a technique for the modification of autonomic response to
      stress.

PMID- 972962
TI  - A nonparametric statistical evaluation of changes in evoked potentials to
      different stimuli.

PMID- 972963
TI  - Some interrelations between the contingent negative variation and the evoked
      potential.

PMID- 972964
TI  - Evoked potential, stimulus intensity, and drug treatment in hyperkinesis.

PMID- 972965
TI  - Evoked potentials in hyperkinetic and normal children under certainty and
      uncertainty: a placebo and methylphenidate study.

PMID- 972966
TI  - Averaged evoked potential predictors of clinical improvement in hyperactive
      children treated with methylphenidate: an initial study and replication.

PMID- 972967
TI  - Blood pressure and heart rate changes accompanying classical eyeblink
      conditioning in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

PMID- 972968
TI  - Cardiac and somatic response patterns during a reaction time task in children and
      adults.

PMID- 972969
TI  - The effect of oculomotor activity on alphablocking in the absence of visual
      stimuli.

PMID- 972970
TI  - Alpha enhancement and the likelihood of an alpha experience.

PMID- 972971
TI  - Heart rate regulation as skill learning: strength-endurance versus cardiac
      reaction time.

PMID- 972972
TI  - Individual differences in the orienting reflex and children's discrimination
      learning.

PMID- 972973
TI  - Pulse wave velocity and blood pressure change: calibration and applications.

PMID- 972974
TI  - Studies on tryptolines.

PMID- 972975
TI  - Experimental analysis of heroin acquisition and use by humans.

PMID- 972976
TI  - Neurochemically active 6-methoxytetrahydro-beta-carboline--metabolically formed?

PMID- 972977
TI  - Role of biogenic amines in the control of prolactin and growth hormone (GH)
      secretion.

PMID- 972978
TI  - The role of central monoamines in the stress-related changes of the secretion of
      prolactin and TSH.

PMID- 972979
TI  - A preliminary report: neuroendocrine effects of dopamine and norepinephrine
      receptor stimulators.

PMID- 972980
TI  - Plasma prolactin stimulation by fenfluramine and amphetamine.

PMID- 972981
TI  - Trace amines and the monoamine oxidases.

PMID- 972982
TI  - Activation of adenylate cyclase by phenolic amines.

PMID- 972983
TI  - Tryptamine in the brain and spinal cord: its role in the LSD response.

PMID- 972984
TI  - Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of chronic cocaine intoxication.

PMID- 972985
TI  - Comparative psychopharmacology of cocaine and amphetamine.

PMID- 972986
TI  - Acute systemic effects of cocaine in man: a controlled study by intranasal and
      intravenous routes.

PMID- 972987
TI  - Cocaine: blood levels, excretion, and physiological effect after intranasal
      application in man.

PMID- 972988
TI  - Clinical uses of cocaine.

PMID- 972989
TI  - Overview on bioavailability and bioequivalence.

PMID- 972990
TI  - Application and contribution of animal models in drug bioavailability.

PMID- 972991
TI  - Classical bioavailability methods: blood levels and urinary excretion.

PMID- 972992
TI  - Pharmacodynamic analyses using quantitative EEG data.

PMID- 972993
TI  - Bioequivalency and pharmacodynamics of psychotropic drugs based on computer
      analyzed EEG.

PMID- 972994
TI  - Pharmacological measures for drug bioavailability.

PMID- 972995
TI  - Relationship of pharmacological models of bioavailability of chlorpromazine with
      drug and metabolite blood levels.

PMID- 972996
TI  - Statistical implications in generic equivalents.

PMID- 972997
TI  - The effects of marihuana use on operant behavior in man.

PMID- 972998
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2alpha in unextracted plasma,
      serum and myocardium.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay procedure for the determination of PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2alpha
      is presented. The procedure involves the pre-precipitation of each prostaglandin
      specific antiserum with the precipitating antisera (ARGG), and the use of these
      antisera mixtures in assaying for PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2alpha. Applicability of the
      methods to unextracted plasma, serum and myocardial homogenate has been
      demonstrated through tests of specificity, recovery, reproducability and
      parallelism. A mathematical correction for cross-reactivity between PGE1 and
      PGE2, and their opposing antisera is given. To demonstrate the utility of the
      methodology in differentiation of experimental variables, prostaglandin
      concentrations in unincubated serum, incubated serum, and the rate of
      prostaglandin production in serum of dogs are given.

PMID- 972999
TI  - PGE2: opposite effect on catecholamine release from phaeochromocytoma and adrenal
      medulla.
AB  - The effect of PGE2 on catecholamine release from human adrenal medulla and
      phaechromocytoma was studied in slices incubated in vitro. In each of 3 normal
      human adrenal medullae PGE2 (10(-7) M) caused a significant inhibition of the
      release of catecholamines in in vitro incubation. In each of 3 phaechromocytomas
      studied PGE2 (10(-7) M) caused a significant increase of catecholamine release in
      in-vitro incubation. The possible relevance of this mechanism to the regulation
      of catecholamine release in phaeochromocytoma is discussed.

PMID- 973000
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of 16, 17-configurationally-rigid-17-aryl
      18,19,20-trinorprostaglandins.

PMID- 973001
TI  - The effect of PGE2 and PGF2alpha on the response of guinea pig myometrium to
      adenine nucleotides in vitro.
AB  - Prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha potentiate contractile effect induced by adenine
      nucleotides ATP, ADP and AMP in guinea pig myometrium in vitro. Prostaglandins
      and nucleotides were added to the organ bath in minute concentrations which have
      been proved ineffective or slightly contractile when both groups of substances
      were administered separately. The data of the present work, together with our
      previously published studies (9, 10, 13), where the action of exogenous adenine
      nucleotides, NAD and adenosine on rabbit's jejunum in vitro has been proved
      antagonistic to the contractile effect of various prostaglandins, suggest that
      prostaglandins and adenine nucleotides appear to block selectively or augment
      each other's action on various organs. The initial hypothesis that there is a
      regulatory correlation between endogenous prostaglandins and the function of
      purinergic nerves also is reinforced.

PMID- 973002
TI  - The possible mode of action of prostaglandins: X. Antagonism between
      prostaglandin F2a and prolactin or human chorionic gonadotropin: a comparative
      study.
AB  - A comparative assessment of the efficacy of prolactin or HCG in reversing the
      luteolytic property of a single dose (2.0 mg/kg) of PGF2a was conducted in
      pregnant (day 10) rats. It was found that prolactin maintained pregnancy in 90%
      of the test animals. HCG though found to maintain pregnancy in 70% of the PGF2a
      treated pregnants, the fetal survival rate was, however, recorded to be 62%
      against the control value of 98%. Conversely, prolactin replacement maintained
      the fetal survival rate as high as 93.4%. Moreover, the growth of the fetuses,
      placentae and corpus luteum in the pregnants having prolactin in conjunction with
      PGF2a was also found to be greater compared to the animals which had a combined
      regimen of PGF2a and HCG, but identical to controls. On the other hand, similar
      combined regimen when applied to hysterectomized pregnant rats, it was observed
      that though the vaginal diestrus was maintained by the prolactin or HCG in the
      presence of PGF2a, the prolactin regimen was found to be superb compared to HCG
      in the maintenance of luteal weight and functional activity. It was concluded
      that the antifertility effect of PGF2a in the rat is primarily the consequence of
      luteolysis and prolactin seems to be a much more appropriate hormonal replacement
      compared to HCG, a long-acting LH, in antagonizing the luteolytic property of
      PGF2a.

PMID- 973003
TI  - Jugular levels of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F and progesterone around
      luteolysis and early pregnancy in the ewe.
AB  - Six non-pregnant ewes at day 12 of the estrous cycle each had a day-12 embryo
      transferred into the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, and 4 non
      pregnant ewes at day 13 each had a day-13 embryo similarly transferred. Four
      control ewes, 2 at day 12 and 2 at day 13 received sheep serum into the uterine
      horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. Jugular blood samples were taken at 2
      hourly intervals for 3 days post-surgery, then twice-daily for a further 4 days,
      and the plasma radioimmunoassayed for progesterone and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto
      prostaglandin F. All control ewes exhibited estrus within the expected time range
      and pulsatile peaks of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F occurred coincident
      with declining progesterone levels. With one exception, the recipient owes had
      prolonged cycles and those ewes found pregnant at necropsy, 30 days after
      transfer, showed no progesterone decline and no pulsatile peaks of prostaglandin
      during days 12 to 16 after estrus. These observations suggest that the presence
      of the embryo at a critical stage after mating suppresses the release of uterine
      prostaglandin F2alpha.

PMID- 973004
TI  - Labor induction with prostaglandin F2alpha. Influence on psychomotor evolution of
      the child in the first 30 months.
AB  - The long-term effects of elective induction of labor at term by amniotomy and the
      intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F2alpha were studied in 40 children. No
      untoward effect of this procedure on the psychomotor development of the children
      during the first 30 months could be demonstrated.

PMID- 973005
TI  - A possible role of prostaglandins in the regulation of ovum transport and
      oviposition in the domestic hen?
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha provoked a contraction of longitudinal tissue strips
      from the uterine, vaginal and isthmus regions of the chicken oviduct; no response
      was induced in longitudinal tissue strips from the magnum and infundibulum. PGF2
      induced a contraction of circular and longitudinal uterine strips and of circular
      stips from the isthmus and infundibulum. With both circular and longitudinal
      vaginal strips a relaxation was obtained. A dose-dependent response was observed
      with circular magnum strips: contraction with low doses and relaxation at higher
      doses. No response was obtained with longitudinal tissue strips from the isthmus,
      magnum and infundibulum. The possible influence of both prostaglandins in the
      mechanism of ovum transport and oviposition in the domestic hen is discussed.

PMID- 973006
TI  - Abortifacient efficiency of 15 (S) 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha-methyl ester
      administered vaginally during early pregnancy.
AB  - Forty early pregnancies (menses delay 13 - 27 days) were terminated by
      administering four vaginal suppositoreis each containing 1.0 or 1.5 mg of 15 (S)
      15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha-methyl ester, one every third hour. In 14 cases
      serial measurementsof serum estradiol and progesterone were performed during and
      after therapy. Uterine contractions and bleeding started 1 - 17 hours after
      administration of the first suppository. Abortion was complete after one week in
      five women (13%), and after two weeks in 30 (75%). A curettage was performed on
      eight women, residual placental fragments were found in seven and pregnancy
      continued in one woman. Mild diarrhoea (65%) and vomiting (40%) were the major
      side-effects, despite premedication. Estradiol and progesterone levels fell
      progressively during the therapy. Self-administration of 4 or 6 mg of the methyl
      ester caused too low a rate of complete abortion for use in practice, but it may
      be a valuable and practical agent for preoperative dilation of the cervix.

PMID- 973007
TI  - Use of combination prostaglandin F2alpha and hypertonic saline for midtrimester
      abortion.
AB  - Midtrimester abortion was induced by intramniotic prostaglandin F2alpha in
      combination with hypertonic saline alone in 102 others. Abortion time and
      duration of hosptial stay were shorter with the prostaglandin-saline combination.

PMID- 973008
TI  - Induced abortion in the 8-9th week of pregnancy with vaginally administered 15
      methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester.
AB  - 15(S)15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester was self-administered vaginally to
      terminate pregnancy in 42 women in the 8-9th week of gestation. Ten patients
      received a total of 6 mg of the compound over 15 hours (Group I) while the
      remaining 32 patients received 5.5 mg of the prostaglandin compound during a
      shorter period of time or 9 hours (Group II). If parts of the conceptus were
      expelled during treatment, surgical intervention was excluded. All patients were
      followed closely after treatment with repeated serum HCG assays and clinical
      examinations. All patients in Group II and eight out of ten patients in Group I
      aborted following treatment. In 33 of the 42 patients, the serum HCG levels and
      the clinical course following the expulsion of the conceptus indicated that
      abortion was complete. Gastro-intestinal side effects were minimal if anti
      diarrheic agents were given prophylactically. The incidence of uterine pain was
      variable but could in most cases be controlled by oral or rectal administration
      of analgetics. The results of this study suggest that the use of this compound
      for termination of pregnancy may be safely extended through the 9th week of
      gestation and in certain cases be an alternative to the normal operative
      procedure.

PMID- 973009
TI  - Inhibition of renal prostaglandin metabolism and excretion by probenecid,
      bromcresol green and indomethacin.

PMID- 973010
TI  - [Enzymatic activity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients under therapeutic
      electroshock].

PMID- 973011
TI  - [Contribution to the study of platelet ultrastructure in infectious diseases].

PMID- 973012
TI  - [Hormonal effects of carbidopa-levodopa in normal patients].

PMID- 973013
TI  - [Multiple cerebral abscesses: Therapeutic and diagnostic problems].

PMID- 973014
TI  - [Echocardiography in pericardial diseases (experiences in 38 cases)].

PMID- 973015
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of liver involvement in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 973016
TI  - [Variations of blood uric acid levels in healthy young subjects].

PMID- 973017
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma. Diagnostic considerations. Plasma catecholamines in the
      tumoral suprarenal vein during the catecholamine crisis].

PMID- 973018
TI  - [Pulmonary embolism and maximum elevation of enzymes].

PMID- 973019
TI  - [The CRST syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis and Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 973020
TI  - [Pleural effusion in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 973021
TI  - [Changes of the body scheme produced by ketaminic anesthesia].

PMID- 973022
TI  - [Anesthesia and resuscitation in tonsillectomy].

PMID- 973023
TI  - [Personal experience with the use of extradural anesthesia in urological
      surgery].

PMID- 973024
TI  - [Chemical burns of the face].

PMID- 973025
TI  - [Hepatotoxicity of anesthesia].

PMID- 973026
TI  - [Renal function and extracorporeal circulation. A retrospective analysis in 38
      heart patients under extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 973027
TI  - [Respiratory pauses and sleep in the neonate and infant].

PMID- 973028
TI  - [Respiratory rhythm and pauses during EEG recordings of sleep in 8, 18 and 30
      months old infants].

PMID- 973029
TI  - [Respiratory pauses during sleep in the normal child. Observation of 3
      pathological cases].

PMID- 973030
TI  - [Respiratory pauses in the newborn up to 2 months of age].

PMID- 973031
TI  - [Serigraphic study of pickwickian obstructive apnea].

PMID- 973032
TI  - [Secretion of GH and cortisol in relation to nyctohemeral states of vigilance in
      10 narcoleptics].

PMID- 973033
TI  - [Kindling effect and intercritical discharges in the limbic system of the cat.
      Influence of sleep].

PMID- 973034
TI  - [Lithium and wakefullness-sleep equilibrium in the cat].

PMID- 973035
TI  - [Method of automatic analysis and quantification of wakefulness-sleep behavior in
      the rat].

PMID- 973036
TI  - [Introduction to pathological problems involving sleep and respiration].

PMID- 973037
TI  - [Nosology and boundaries of syndromes with periodic respiration during sleep
      (Pickwickian syndrome, Undine's syndrome, obstruction of the superior airway,
      microsleep syndrome, insomnia, and narcolepsy)].

PMID- 973038
TI  - [Hypo-apneic sequences in pickwickian subjects.  Apneic grouping and trains on
      apnea].

PMID- 973039
TI  - [Sleep, respiration, and pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure in chronic
      respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 973040
TI  - [EEG and Cheyne-Stokes respiration in 2 patients with brain tumors].

PMID- 973041
TI  - [Syndrome with periodic central apnea during wakefulness and transient
      disturbances of consciousness ("syncopes" of respiratory arrest)].

PMID- 973042
TI  - [Epidemiology of sudden infant death. Bibliographic review].

PMID- 973043
TI  - [Sudden infant death: morphometric study of pulmonary arteries].

PMID- 973044
TI  - [Respiratory movements during sleep of the neonate at term: comparison of
      thoracic and abdominal recordings].

PMID- 973045
TI  - A review of rhythmic pacing as a treatment strategy for stuttering.

PMID- 973046
TI  - The Greenleigh Associates' study of sheltered workshops: a response.

PMID- 973047
TI  - Uneven ventilation in smokers.
AB  - A body plethysmographic technique designed to detect small degrees of uneven
      ventilation in the lungs is presented. The technique is based on the same
      theoretical model as the frequency dependence of compliance. It has the advantage
      of requiring little time, no cooperation by the subject and no computation. Signs
      of uneven ventilation were found in 3 of the 42 normal controls, in 6 of 51 light
      smokers and in 66 of 103 heavy smokers. The data are compared with measurements
      of closing volume, of the slope of phase III of the single breath nitrogen
      washout and of maximal mid-expiratory flow rate.

PMID- 973048
TI  - Frequency dependence of regional lung clearance of 133Xe in normal men.
AB  - We measured the one-half time of 133Xe washout from the whole lung and from 9
      horizontal lung regions in 6 normal men during normal breathing and at 50
      breaths/min. The diaphragm was located with a contour map prior to the selection
      of the 9 horizontal regions. Artifacts caused by the tissue solubility of 133Xe
      were reduced by expressing regional clearance relative to whole lung clearance.
      During normal breathing there was a progressive increase in the relative
      clearance of 133Xe from the lung apex to the base when each region was compared
      to the lung as a whole. At 50 breaths/min, relative clearance increased from the
      lung apex only for about 18.5 to 20 cm. At that point, the relative clearance
      rate of the horizontal regions began to fall and at the lung base was slower than
      that of the whole lung. These results are consistent with the concept that
      dependent lung regions have longer time constants than regions at the top of the
      lung.

PMID- 973049
TI  - Effects of simulated altitude on O2 transport in dogs.
AB  - The effects of exposure to simulated altitude on skeletal muscle and on the
      cardiocirculatory system rhave been studied on awake, conscious, dogs (16-39 kg)
      at rest and during moderate treadmill exercise at 15% incline. Measurements were
      obtained in Denver at a PB of 635 mm Hg and after 3 weeks of continuous exposure
      to a PB of 435 mm Hg using a hypobaric chamber. At both levels of PB the dogs
      showed marked panting, associated with pulmonary hyperventilation and low PaCO2's
      (28 mm Hg at 635 and 17 mm Hg at 435 mm Hg). Resting VO2's were high (12.4 and
      11.4 ml/min-kg) reflecting the high respiratory outputs. [Hb] and Hct increased
      significantly after 3 weeks at 435 mm Hg with a 4 mm Hg decrease in P50. Q, HR,
      SV and systemic blood pressures were normal in both normoxic and hypoxic animals,
      at rest as well as during exercise. Arterial and mixed venous PO2's decreased in
      the hypoxic dogs (82 to 56 and 42 to 36 mm Hg, respectively) but arterial O2
      content, arterial-venous O2 content difference and systemic O2 transport remained
      unchanged. Capillary density in the sternothyroid muscle doubled (617 to 1245
      cap/mm2) after 3 weeks at a PB of 435, whereas the average muscle fiber diameter
      decreased about 30%. Calculations indicate that the PO2 in the 'lethal corner' of
      the muscle fiber is relatively higher in the hypoxic animal because of the
      decrease in fiber size and intercapillary distances.

PMID- 973050
TI  - Respiratory properties of blood in awake and estivating lungfish, Protopterus
      amphibius.
AB  - Blood respiratory properties have been studied in awake and estivating African
      lungfish, Protopterus amphibius. Fish had been estivating 28-30 months when blood
      was sampled. Hematocrit, O2 capacity and blood hemoglobin concentration increased
      by about 50% during estivation. Red cell Hb concentration (MCHC) was unaltered.
      Total blood concentration of nucleoside triphosphates (NTP) was reduced 50% in
      estivation. Thin-layer chromatography showed that the change in NTP resulted from
      a GTP/Hb (guanosine triphosphate) reduction to 20% of the value in awake fish.
      ATP (adenosine triphosphate) concentration remained largely unaltered. GTP/Hb
      changes were accompanied by marked changes in O2 affinity. The P50 value in blood
      from awake fish was 33 mm Hg at pH 7.5 compared to 9 mm Hg for the estivating
      fish. The n-value changed insignificantly. An increased Bohr effect was present
      in estivating fish, but its importance will depend on circulating pH in the two
      states. Standard bicarbonate ranged from a low of 8.6 mMol-L-1 (P plasma) at pH
      7.5 in an awake fish to 49.6 mMol-L-1 (P) in an estivating fish. CO2 dissociation
      curves showed a variable Haldane effect having its highest value in the in vivo
      range of PCO2. The striking increase in O2-Hb affinity during estivation is
      regarded as an adaptation to a reduced alveolar O2 availability associated with
      estivation. Altered mechanics of pulmonary ventilation and reduced ambient O2
      availability caused by the subterranean habitat may have been selection pressures
      for the development of the high O2 availability caused by the subterranean
      habitat may have been selection pressures for the development of the high O2
      affinity. The mechanism behind it rests with the recorded change in erythrocytic
      concentration of GTP.

PMID- 973051
TI  - Study of CO2 sensitive vagal afferents in the cat lung.
AB  - Single unit activity was recorded in the cat vagus in order to detect possible
      receptors firing in response to changing lung CO2 concentration. The cats were
      ventilated at a high rate (60-120 breaths per min) and inspired CO2 concentration
      was altered between 0 and 8% in a step-like fashion, each phase consisting of
      about 10 breaths. Thus the effects of changing intrapulmonary CO2 concentration
      could be differentiated from the effects of stretch of lung tissue. Activity was
      recorded in 7 cats from 120 units firing in phase with ventilation. Many
      receptors showed some CO2 sensitivity, but no fiber was found discharging in
      response to CO2 exclusively. The results provide no evidence for the occurence of
      specific CO2 receptors in the feline lung with vagal afferents functionally
      similar to those reported for the avian lung.

PMID- 973052
TI  - Respiratory frequency control during hypercapnia in vagotomized, anesthetized
      cats.
AB  - There is a small, but significant, increase in frequency during hypercapnia in
      vagotomized, anesthetized animals, indicating involvement of an extravagal
      mechanism in the response. The intent of this study was to determine the source
      of this second mechanism regulating frequency during hypercapnia. Experiments
      were performed on 22 vagotomized, anesthetized (Dial) cats. Frequency (f),
      inspiratory time (ti) and expiratory time (te) responses to CO2 were monitored
      before and after sectioning of afferent nerves from the carotid bodies (carotid
      sinus nerve section), chest wall (dorsal rhizotomies, T1-T12) and diaphragm
      (dorsal rhizotomies. C4-C7). Most vagotomized animals responded to 6% CO2 with an
      increased frequency, decreased ti and no consistent change in te. The responses
      to CO2 were essentially unaltered following chest wall and diaphragm
      deafferentation. Sodium cyanide stimulation of the carotid bodies produced
      similar respiratory pattern changes as CO2; furthermore, the f and ti changes
      with CO2 were still present following carotid body deafferentiation. The results
      of this study suggest that: (1) afferents from chest wall and diaphragm
      mechanoreceptors are not responsible for the vagal-like effects on ti and f
      during hypercapnia, (2) afferents from lung mechanoreceptors, via the vagus
      nerves, are the only inputs from respiratory mechanoreceptors causing an
      increased f during hypercapnia, (3) the extravagal mechanism responsible for the
      decreased ti and increased f during hypercapnia is inherent to the medullary
      pontine rhythm generator, and (4) input from the chemoreceptors can elicit the
      response.

PMID- 973053
TI  - Ventilation, gas exchange and metabolic scaling of a sea turtle.
AB  - Ventilation of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) was affected by the position in
      which the animal was placed: supine animals breathed slowly 0.07 breaths/min) and
      deeply (8.0 L/breath); prone animals breathed more rapidly (0.43 breaths/min) and
      more shallowly (3.5 L/breath). From the respiratory exchange ratio and other
      indicators it appears that green turtles hyperventilate during exercise and
      hypoventilate during recovery. O2 consumption of the resting sea turtle (0.024 L
      kg-1-h-1) is similar to that of other large turtles. Maximal O2 consumption
      (0.25L-kg-1-h-1) is greater than that of other large turtles. Minimal O2
      consumption scaled in proportion to the -0.17 power of the body mass of green
      turtles over the range of 0.030 to 141.5 kg. The maximal O2 consumption scaled in
      proportion to the -0.06 power of body mass for the same range of body masses.

PMID- 973054
TI  - [A new case of autochtonous hydatidosis in Mexico].

PMID- 973055
TI  - [Fulminant hepatitis].

PMID- 973056
TI  - [An epidemiologic study of poliomyelitis in the state of Sinaloe, Mexico].

PMID- 973057
TI  - [Poliomyelitis in the State of Tabasco. Epidemic of Chontalpa in 1974].

PMID- 973058
TI  - [Consanguinity in chilean populations (author's transl)].

PMID- 973059
TI  - [Aeromyocological survey in the Santiago Western district (author's transl)].

PMID- 973060
TI  - [First case of human infection with Dyphllobothrium pacificum in Chile (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 973061
TI  - [Study of Mimeae Tribe germs].

PMID- 973062
TI  - [Bone sarcoidosis].

PMID- 973063
TI  - [Histological classification of benign peptic ulcer: study of 157 resected ulcers
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 973064
TI  - [Water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 973065
TI  - [Life spain in the human species (author's transl)].

PMID- 973066
TI  - [Suicides in Santiago city. I. Medico-legal aspects (author's transl)].

PMID- 973067
TI  - [Sarcoidosis].

PMID- 973068
TI  - [Familial olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy with myoclonus. Limits of cerebellar
      myoclonic dyssynergia (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome)].
AB  - The case is described of a woman of 26 suffering (like her mother, a brother and
      a sister) from a progressively degenerating cerebellar syndrome, at first
      considered to be hereditary cerebellar ataxia, but which, after action myoclonus
      appeared, was diagnosed as dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica (D.C.M.).
      Anatomical verification however revealed a syndrome of olivo-ponto-cerebellar
      atrophy comprising massive demyelinisation of the white matter of the cerebellum
      and of the cerebellopontine fibres; atrophy of the pontine nuclei; the cerebellar
      cortex itself was severely affected; moderate nigral lesions; marked spinal
      lesions of the cerebellospinal fasciculi and of the posterior columns; lesions of
      the anterior horns and of the bulbar nuclei; cortical chromatolysis. The fact
      that the dentate system remained unaffected, also noted in some cases of olivo
      ponto-cerebellar atrophy with myoclonus, whilst in a number of other cases the
      lesion remains clinically silent, emphasises the difficulty in establishing an
      accurate correlation between myoclonus and dentate nucleus. Discussion of the
      nosological limits of D.C.M.: confirmed cases generally displayed lesions of the
      dentate system and hereditary degenerative spino-cerebellar lesions. The same
      clinical symptoms can be observed in cases which do not come under this
      classification--or even under that of degenerative conditions of the cerebellar
      system--and D.C.M. appears to be only a syndrome, the Ramsay-Hunt syndrome.

PMID- 973069
TI  - [Striato-nigral degeneration. Apropos of a clinical, therapeutic, and anatomic
      study of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report two anatomo-clinical cases of striato-nigral degeneration with
      trial of L-Dopa; one of them included an olivoponto-cerebellar degeneration. The
      features of this degeneration are compared with the literature and related to
      heredo-degenerative diseases of the nervous system.

PMID- 973070
TI  - [Loss of voluntary control and retention of automatic reflex in certain muscles
      innervated by cranial nerves in 2 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].
AB  - The authors present two clinical observations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      (A.L.S.) in which a loss of voluntary control was associated with retention of
      automatic and reflex activity of muscles innervated by cranial nerves. In the
      first case the face and swallowing were affected, in the second the movements of
      the eyes. These phenomena are exceptional in A.L.S.

PMID- 973071
TI  - [Pure verbal cortical deafness of congenital origin in a child].

PMID- 973072
TI  - [Major histocompatibility system in multiple sclerosis].
AB  - The comparison of Histocompatibility Testing in 82 MS Patients and 368 controls
      is presented. The increase in HL-A7 and decrease in HL-A12 are confirmed. A
      significant increase in HL-A8 is reported. Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction confirms the
      LD7a increase (19 out of 24 Multiple Sclerosis patients tested); 100% of the
      patients bearing the HL-A7 determinant are found to be LD7a. The presence of
      specific Immune Response genes in Multiple Sclerosis is discussed.

PMID- 973073
TI  - [Elongated styloid apophysis].

PMID- 973074
TI  - [Complex encephalopathy in 2 brothers: its course under L-dopa].

PMID- 973075
TI  - [Alternating nystagmus and periodic nystagmus].

PMID- 973076
TI  - [Clinical peculiarities of a post-traumatic frontal mucocele].

PMID- 973077
TI  - [Papillary edema and non-tumoral intracranial hypertension in adults. Diagnostic
      problem and treatment. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 973078
TI  - [Essential facial hemispasm: surgical possibilities].

PMID- 973079
TI  - [Diplegia of the laryngeal aperture after cranio-cerebral injury].

PMID- 973080
TI  - [The Atri system. Immunogenetic lymphocytic system associated with ABO and ABH
      secretory systems].
AB  - The antigen Atri can be detected on the lymphocytes of 5.19% of ABH Secretor A
      individuals. The Atri substance is present in the plasma of the same individuals
      and can be fixed on group O erythrocytes. It is also found in the saliva of 30/32
      A individuals not secreting substance A. Its existence in the saliva of A
      Secretor individuals, however, cannot be proved due to the presence of both the A
      and Atri antigens. The Atri substance is neutralized by the soluble substance A
      extracted from the gastric mucous of a pig. Yet the A and Atri antigens can be
      shown to be distinct on lymphocytes by redistribution of the corresponding sites
      and blocking of the A sites by an immune anti-A. On a genetic level, the Atri
      specificity might belong to a lymphocyte system comprising three alleles: Atri,
      RB and W100. These three specificities have the common characteristic of being
      expressed on a certain percentage of the lymphocytes of group A individuals. This
      system, provisionally named Atri, is functionally associated with the ABO system
      and secretor system. Nevertheless, the fact that in several families the Atri
      antigen is not expressed by the parents shows that its expression on lymphocytes
      requires the intervention of at least one gene in addition to the A and Se genes.

PMID- 973081
TI  - [Basic principles of radioimmunoanalysis].
AB  - The authors review  the principal characteristics of radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.),
      in grounds of the so-called "saturation analysis" techniques, which are of
      increasing interest among the chemical laboratory procedures. They study each
      element of R.I.A. separatedly, and finally they make a brief display of the
      different applications of radioimmunoassay stressing its significance in the
      endocrinological field.

PMID- 973082
TI  - [Incorporation of 1-C14 palmitic acid into liver lipids of rats in different
      hormanal states].
AB  - Adrenalectomy and/or cortisol-induced variations in the in vivo and in vitro
      incorporation of 14C-palmitic acid 1 into the different fractions of rat liver
      lipids were studied. The different fatty acids incorporations follow analogous
      patterns in every hormonal state in vitro. Incorporation rate is faster in normal
      animals, but adrenalectomy or the administration of cortisol produces a marded
      delay. Cortisol does not modify the anomalism observed in the adrenoprival state.
      In vivo, the incorporation of palmitic acid into the different liver lipids--for
      the same hormonal state--does not follow the same pattern.

PMID- 973083
TI  - [Effects of adrenalectomy and cortisol administration on the concentration of
      free fatty acids, triglycerides and total lipids on the liver of rats].
AB  - The hepatic concentration of triglycerides, free fatty acids and total lipids was
      determined in four groups of rats: normals, adrenectomized and normal and
      adrenectomized previously treated with cortisol, 30 mg. In chronic adrenectomized
      state, total lipids and hepatic triglycerides are diminished, particularly the
      triglycerides. Adrenectomy does not appear to have significative effect on the
      free fatty acids. The administration of cortisol does not change those
      observations and, when given to normal animals, decreases the hepatic
      concentrations of free fatty acids, triglycerides and total lipids.

PMID- 973084
TI  - [Hormone dependence in functional thyroid cancers, survival after total
      thyroidectomy combined with radioactive iodine and thyroid extract therapy].
AB  - The authors reviewed current criteria on hormone-dependence in functional thyroid
      cancers, presenting data of compared disease evolution based on the casuistics of
      thyroid carcinomas from the files of the Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, with 5 and 10
      year follow-up studies in some of the cases. They found a higher number of
      survivors among the patients with papilliferous carcinoma in both 5 and 10 year
      follow-up groups whom, aside total surgical removal of the gland and the
      administration of thyroid extracts, those who had thyroid residues left were
      given 100 mc of 131I. Among the patients with follicular adenocarcinoma, under
      the same comparative conditions, differences were not very clear in the 5 year
      follow-up group, while the 10 year follow-up group showed marked differences. The
      authors conclude that an adequate combination of the three therapeutic procedures
      may allow a higher survival rate.

PMID- 973085
TI  - Typical results of computer-olfactometry.
AB  - After pulsed peripheral olfactory impulses it is possible, under suitable testing
      conditions, for specific sensory potentials to be read from the surface of the
      skull and, after repetitions, added up (olfactorially evoked cortical
      potentials). Typically, there developes a so-called twin-potential containing the
      equivalents of the electrical activites of the nervus trigeminus and the nervus
      olfactorius in two peaks of the cortex equivalents. In an objective manner, in
      other words without intentional or vegetative influence by the test person, it is
      possible by the weakening or lack of one or the other or both part-potentials to
      obtain information about the functioning of the olfactory sense. Typical examples
      will be presented.

PMID- 973086
TI  - Experience with the new pneumatic nasal tampon in cases of critical nasal
      bleeding.
AB  - A pneumatic nasal tube is recommended to control serious bleeding in the nasal
      cavity and nasopharynx. This is easily administered and tightly seals the nasal
      cavity and nasopharynx. The tube allows reduced nasal respiration with sufficient
      sealing. It is available in three sizes and has been proven useful by the
      authors.

PMID- 973087
TI  - Disordered gas exchange in the blood caused by nasal tamponade.
AB  - The authors have examined the pH, the pCO2, the pO2, and the oxygen saturation of
      the blood of patients upon whom endonasal surgery followed by tamponing of the
      nose had been performed. The gas values were examined on the second postoperative
      day and two days after the tampons had been removed. It was found that the blood
      pH remained within normal limits, whereas during the acute obstruction the pO2
      values were diminished, the pCO2 values were increased, and the oxygen saturation
      of the blood was noticeably diminished. The authors recommend carefulness if the
      noses of patients with cardiorespiratory insufficiency are to be tamponed.

PMID- 973088
TI  - Endoscopic and histopathological observations of chronic maxillary sinusitis.
AB  - 111 patients are studied in order to find possible relations between the
      endoscopic images and histopathological findings in the chronic maxillary
      sinusitis. The clasification of the different types of sinusitis is based on the
      aspect of the mucosa (normoplastic, hypoplastic, polypous, polypoido-polypous)
      and on the histological features (lymphoplasmocytic, eosinophilic, eosino
      lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, low cellularity). The confrontation of the
      sinusoscopic and histopathological observations give interesting information,
      such as differenciation between stabilized and evolutive sinusitis, simple and
      complicated inflammation. This information facilitates our therapeutic choice.

PMID- 973089
TI  - Operative treatment of rhinopathia vasomotoria.

PMID- 973090
TI  - The correlation between permanent septal deformities and nasal trauma during
      birth.
AB  - Both the outer and inner nose as well as the position of the parietal bones of
      972 patients at an age of 3 to 82, were examined giving evidence of the
      configuration of the infant's head at birth and thereby of the "severity" of the
      birth. In comparison with the sectio-patients the configuration of the infant's
      head in the birth canal reveals statistically recorded deformations of the outer
      and inner nose with an obstruction of the nasal breathing in 20% of the patients
      examined. The degree of the configuration has a definite influence on the degree
      of the nose deformation. The adjustment of the rotary direction of the infant's
      head in the 1st and 2nd vertex presentation determines the direction of the nose
      deformation. The demand of many authors for an immediate rhinological examination
      and corrections in the newborn child, for instance on the septum, to be performed
      still in the obstetrical department, must due to our own examinations be
      advocated.

PMID- 973091
TI  - Results of clinical olfactometric studies.
AB  - A modification of a flow olfactometer with a new application appartus, with which
      "quasi-free" nasal respiration allows the elimination of adaptation without a
      special testing room, subsequent results using this device to examine olfactory
      thresholds before and after septum operations, as well as reference to threshold
      increases in 57 post-operative cases of cheilognathopalatoschisis are reported.
      An esthesio-neuroblastoma as well as the deformity syndrome with
      cheilognathopalatoschisis and encephalodystrophy are used as examples for
      combined olfactory transmission and perception disorders. Studies of 55 smokers
      with primary neurosensory disorders demonstrated a threefold increase in the
      olfactory threshold and an up to 50% decrease "fatique-time". A mean acetone
      deviation factor of 1.93 was seen in 100 students from 20-27 years of age before
      and after eating. Correspondingly, after a substantial breakfast and lunch, the
      olfactory threshold attained its maximum daily value within 90 minutes, much more
      pronounced than after intake of 80 grams of glucose solution. In contrast to the
      literature, the olfactory threshold was seen to continuously increase, dependent
      on age. Studies of the perceptive and recognition threshold on 100 normal
      individuals and 28 patients with hyposmia exhibited with 3 sigma, a significant
      difference. In patients with hyposmia, the absolute values for the two threshold
      types vary greatly, however not their deviation factors. More importance should
      be attached to the sense of smell as the so-called lesser senses give us the
      greatest pleasures.

PMID- 973092
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer.

PMID- 973093
TI  - Lithium therapy: a brief review.

PMID- 973094
TI  - Nasal polyposis and sinusitis in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 973095
TI  - Sequential tendon rupture. Systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 973096
TI  - Atrial flutter and audible sounds of atrial contractions: A case report.

PMID- 973097
TI  - Intramedullary hang-ups.

PMID- 973098
TI  - Endocrine evaluation of the testes.

PMID- 973099
TI  - Evaluation of the abnormal sella turcica.

PMID- 973100
TI  - [Superior and inferior cavography as well as azygography and retroperitoneal
      venography: methods, indications and results (author's transl)].
AB  - The diagnostic spectrum for venography of the trunk is broad. During the
      traditional superior and inferior cavography, which should be used for clinical
      bone marrow functional blockage in connection with a confirmed tumor or for
      thrombosis, the combined retroperitoneal venography and cavography which we
      developed for clinical use as well as direct azygography provide valuable
      supplementary information which can be significant especially for preoperative
      questions. In the case of carcinoma of the esophagus or stomach, the question
      whether or not the tumor can be surgically removed or whether the tumor is
      already inoperable may be answered before surgery. In addition, direct
      azygography is suitable as a method to seach for lymph nodes metastases in
      carcinomas of the lung, stomach, kidney, adrenals and pancreas which cannot be
      ascertained via mediastinalscopy, and for systemic diseases. In addition to the
      prognostic evaluation of the tumor  and the additional preoperative evaluation of
      neighboring tumors, various bone diseases of the lumbar vertebrae, e.g.,
      inflammatory, tumerous and traumatic changes in the spine, may be localized on
      the retroperitoneal venogram and cavogram. They can also be used successfully to
      seach for metastases or in the case of a dislocation of an intervertebral disk.
      The execution of the various methods is relatively simple and they may be
      performed on a patient capable of surgery.

PMID- 973101
TI  - [Hyaline membrane disease: pulmonary changes and complications during ventilatory
      assistance in preterm infants (authors transl)].
AB  - The changing pattern of hyaline membrane disease and its iatrogenic complications
      during respiratory treatment are reviewed. The typical roentgenologic symptoms of
      pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pseudocyst, pneumomediastinum,
      pneumoperitoneum, pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and
      pulmonary heamorrhage are described and illustrated. Their relevance for clinical
      management is discussed.

PMID- 973102
TI  - [The use of the liver-spleen-scan for the diagnosis of congenital Intrahepatic
      cysts of the bile duct (M. Caroli) (authors transl)].
AB  - After the short review of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy for congenital
      intrahepatic cysts of the bile-duct (morbus Caroli), reference was made to the
      diagnostic significance of liver scintigraphy on the basis of two casuistic
      reports. Liver scintigraphy permits an exact localization of intrahepatic cysts
      as well as information regarding the course of the hepatopathy connected with
      morbus Caroli. In addition, 131-J-bromsulfon scintigraphy of the liver is a
      simple method for controlling the patency of the bile ducts. Our observations
      tend to indicate that preoperative and postoperative scintigraphic controls of
      the liver are practical for this disease.

PMID- 973103
TI  - [Roentgen Diagnosis of injuries of the diaphragm in childhood (authors transl)].
AB  - Three cases of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm were presented. In terms of the
      roentgen examination, one can differentiate between certain and incertain
      diagnostic criteria. The differential diagnosis was briefly metioned; an optimal
      examination technique is often not possible due to the severity of the injuries.

PMID- 973104
TI  - [New intensifier screens in pediatric radiology (authors transl)].
AB  - On the basis of the physical and clinical findings of this investigation, the
      characteristics of new screens made of rare earths were described. The
      possibilities of application for pediatric radiology and those advantages which
      can be achieved with the new screens were discussed. Possible technical
      difficulties were mentioned.

PMID- 973105
TI  - [Patient dosage load with the vidio amplifier technique in pediatric radiology
      (authors transl)].
AB  - The desired reduction of dosage with the indirect technique compared with the
      close up is only obtained if the vidio amplifier (i.e. 50 muR/picture) is
      adjusted exactly, if the input potential of 60 kV is not exceeded, particularly
      for infants, and no high kV grids are used. An adjustable diaphragm in front of
      the camera with the adjustment of the vidio amplifier and with the electron
      optical changeover from, for example 9" to 5", would result in an additional
      reduction in dosage.

PMID- 973106
TI  - [A special gonad protector for comparative radiograms of the hips in infants
      (authors transl)].
AB  - A special, newly developed, gonad protector to be used for comparative radiograms
      of the hips in infants was introduced. This lead protector has a window which,
      due to its special shape, exposes only that portion of the skeleton which is
      important for the evaluation of dysplasia of the hip. In order to better protect
      the testes from scattered rays, a trough shaped lead plate is placed behind the
      scrotum.

PMID- 973107
TI  - The antisteroid action on the pineal gland.
AB  - The study presents the data gathered along the years on the antisteroid action of
      the pineal gland. Thus, it was demonstrated that administration of pineal
      polypeptides to the rabbit lowers the urinary 17-KS both of testicular and
      adrenal origin. Conversely, pinealectomy caused an increase in the level of these
      steroid hormones. The same pineal material induced a marked decrease both in the
      serum and testicular testosterone and in the plasma and adrenal corticosterone in
      the rat. At the same time administration of pineal polypeptides lowered the
      cholesterol in the serum, bile, liver, testis and adrenal. Melatonin had no
      effect on these biochemical indices, which demonstrates that the effects obtained
      with pineal polypeptides are not mediated by melatonin.

PMID- 973108
TI  - Influence of the thymus polypeptide (TP) extracts on the mouse inoculated with
      influenza virus.
AB  - Administration of thymus polypeptide (TP) extracts to the mouse inoculated with
      the A2 AICHI influenza virus strain, causes a significant decrease in
      hemagglutination titres in the lung cells suspensions of the treated animals as
      compared to the nontreated controls.

PMID- 973109
TI  - Endocrine implications in experimental tumoral metastasis. III. The influence of
      the thyroid status on the metastasis of 256 Walker carcinosarcoma
      intratesticularly grafted and on the in vitro proliferation of the tumoral cells.
AB  - The influence of thyroid status modifications on the metastasis of 256 Walker
      carcinosarcoma intratesticularly grafted to rats was examined. Inhibition of
      metastasization and of the secondary tumoral growth was noticed in animals
      chronically treated with thyroxine, while hypothyroidization realized either by
      surgery or by administration of synthetical antithyroid drugs enhanced
      metastasization and growth of the secondary tumors. The primary tumoral
      development was not significantly influenced by the thyroid status modifications.
      The variations of the thyroid hormonal level influenced nonspecifically the
      proliferation of the in vitro cultivated tumoral cells.

PMID- 973110
TI  - Air ions and the urinary 17-ketosteroids.
AB  - The authors correlated the aeroions variations in January, February and March
      1963 with urinary 17-KS variations in 5 adult subjects. The results revealed that
      the excess of positive aeroions induced an increase of the urinary 17-KS
      eliminations, whereas the excess of negative aeroions induced a decrease.

PMID- 973111
TI  - Skeletal calcium retention in hyperthyroidism and in vitro calcitonin
      inactivation.
AB  - Studies on patients with severe hyperthyroidism revealed an increased skeletal
      avidity for calcium, expressed in terms of net retention, after a three-hour i.v.
      load of 10mg Ca/kg body weight. For the same hyperthyroid subjects the calcitonin
      inactivating potency of the sera was tested in vitro. The results were expressed
      as restant hypocalcemic potency of the calcitonin after incubation with the serum
      fractions. In hyperthyroid subjects two fractions in dilutions of 1:10 reduced
      the hypocalcemic activity of calcitonin by 75%. In normals this activity appeared
      only in one fraction. All these results suggest a prompt calcitonin release
      during calcium infusion which is however less efficient, probably because of the
      increased amount of calcitonin inactivating factor present in sera. The serum
      inactivating factor generally contributes to the short-time activity of
      calcitonin both in normals and in some clinical states with bone calcium
      imbalance.

PMID- 973112
TI  - Gonadotropin secretion in patients with gonadal dysgenesis.
AB  - Plasma FSH and LH levels were investigated by the radioimmunological method of
      Burr et al. [1] in 35 patients with gonadal dysgenesis. In addition ten healthy,
      normally menstruating women were examined as controls. Plasma FSH levels were
      significantly elevated in the patients with gonadal dysgenesis, while LH
      concentration disclosed no characteristic alteration. There was no specific
      correlation between the plasma FSH and LH levels. The data obtained add further
      support to the idea that gonadotropin synthesis and release may be differentially
      affected by the gonadal steroids.

PMID- 973113
TI  - [Nelson's syndrome of neurophthalmic course].

PMID- 973114
TI  - Child with 46, XY/46, XY, 18p- mosaic.
AB  - A 46, XY/46, XY 18 p-mosaic was encountered in a child with cranio-facial
      dysmorphia, anomalies of the fingers, metaphyseal and epiphyseal dysgenesis,
      psycho-motor backwardness, anomalies of EEG and convulsions.

PMID- 973115
TI  - Trends in normocalcemic spasmophilia.

PMID- 973116
TI  - Gonadotropic hormones.

PMID- 973117
TI  - Aerosol fractionator for large-scale sampling.

PMID- 973118
TI  - The treatment of incidental thyroid cancer.

PMID- 973119
TI  - Dose-response relationships in steroid therapy for hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 973120
TI  - Bilateral nephrectomy in chronic hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 973121
TI  - [Effect of high-altitude hypoxia on the packed cell volume during ontogenesis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 973122
TI  - [Changes in the activity of some lysosomal enzymes in serum of rats subjected to
      whole-body irradiation by gamma rays, rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia and rats
      given and radioprotective substance AET BrHBr (author's transl)].

PMID- 973123
TI  - [Importance of assessing E rosettes in lymphatic tissue suspensions (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 973124
TI  - [Effect of training on orthostatic changes in hypertensive disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 973125
TI  - Epilepsy a clinical, electroencephalographic, and statistical study of 466
      patients.

PMID- 973126
TI  - Disturbances in psychological functions of workers occupationally exposed to
      styrene.
AB  - The relationship between long-term occupational styrene exposure and disturbances
      in psychological functions was studied. The exposed group consisted of 98 male
      workers exposed to styrene in the manufacture of polyester plastic products, and
      the comparison group comprised 43 concrete reinforcement workers. The duration of
      exposure in years and the mean mandelic acid concentration in urine (five
      determinations during 5 weeks before the clinical examination) and the cumulative
      dose of exposure were used as the indicators of exposure. The psychological
      functions studied were intelligence, visuomotor speed, visuomotor accuracy,
      memory, vigilance, and psychomotor performance. Some personality test variables
      were also included. In a group comparison two variables (visuomotor inaccuracy
      and poor psychomotor performance) out of 20 showed statistically significant
      differences and characterized the styrene exposed group. These findings were
      confirmed when workers with low and high styrene exposure were compared. One
      variable measuring visuomotor speed and another measuring visual memory were
      related to the duration of exposure (R = 0.28, p less than 0.05). In a multiple
      regression analysis disturbances in visuomotor accuracy, poor psychomotor
      performance, and lowered vigilance proved to have some connection with a high
      mandelic acid concentration (R = 0.49, p less than 0.01). In addition workers
      with disturbances in visuomotor accuracy and slight disturbances in virumotor
      speed had higher mandelic acid concentrations when compared with those workers
      without any deterioration. The results indicate that disturbances in visuomotor
      accuracy and, to a lesser degree, in psychomotor performance are the main
      findings measured by test methods used in this study and related to one indicator
      of styrene exposure, mandelic acid concentration. The psychological methods used
      revealed subclinical symptoms related to exposure, and they should aid in making
      group diagnoses, e.g., when additional information is needed for the
      determination of the threshold limit value. The deterioration found in visuomotor
      accuracy could be related to lowered safety in work and traffic.

PMID- 973127
TI  - Neurophysiological findings among workers occupationally exposed to styrene.
AB  - Ninety-six male workers occupationally exposured to styrene in 24 plants
      producing reinforced polyester plastic products were studied
      neurophysiologically. The mean age of the subjects was 29.6 +/- 7.4 years, and
      the duration of the exposure varied from 6 months to 14 years (mean 5.0 years).
      Mandelic acid concentration in the urine (mean of five values determined during
      five consecutive weeks) was used as the measure of exposure. The individual means
      of the mandelic acid concentrations varied from 7 to 4,715 mg/dm3 (median 808
      mg/dm3). Neurotoxic effects of styrene exposure upon the central nervous system
      were revealed by abnormalities in the EEG. The overall prevalence of abnormal
      EEGs was 24% (23 out of 96), which is higher than that found among a normal
      population (p less than 0.05). Abnormal EEGs were found in one-third of the
      subjects with relevant styrene exposure (mandelic acid concentration over 700
      mg/dm3), while low-level styrene exposure did not increase the prevalence of
      normal EEGs above that found in a normal population. Nerve conduction velocity
      measurements performed on 40 subjects did not reveal any definite relationship
      between neuropathy and styrene exposure. The EEG examination is useful in the
      investigation of the neurotoxic effects of styrene. Whenever a possibility exists
      of excessive styrene exposure or beginning poisoning, the workers should be
      submitted to an EEG examination.

PMID- 973128
TI  - Long-term exposure to jet fuel: an investigation on occupationally exposed
      workers with special reference to the nervous system.
AB  - In the present study the results of a neurological and neurophysiological health
      examination of 29 aircraft factory workers chronically exposed to jet fuel vapors
      are presented. The exposed subjects were classified into a heavily exposed and a
      less heavily exposed group. The examination included a standardized clinical
      neurological examination, measurements of the conduction velocities in the
      peripheral nerves, and threshold determinations of vibratory sensations in the
      extremities. All 13 persons examined in the heavily exposed group and 7 of the 16
      in the less heavily exposed group stated that they had repeatedly experienced
      acute effects (dizziness, respiratory tract symptoms, heart palpitations, a
      feeling of pressure on the chest, nausea, headache) of the jet fuel vapors in the
      inhaled air. A high rate of symptoms indicative of neurasthenia and psychasthenia
      and symptoms and signs indicative of polyneuropathy was observed both in the
      heavily exposed group and in the two groups combined in comparison with reference
      groups. Considering the presented facts concerning (a) the acute effects on
      repeated occasions, (b) the high rates of symptoms indicative of neurasthenia and
      psychasthenia and symptoms and signs indicative of polyneuropathy, and (c) the
      differences in the observations made between the two groups with varying degrees
      of exposure to jet fuel, the authors interpreted the results as indicative of a
      possible effect of long-term exposure to jet fuel on the nervous system.

PMID- 973129
TI  - Exposure to butyl alcohol: uptake and distribution in man.
AB  - Twelve subjects were exposed to 300 or 600 mg/m3 of butyl alcohol in inspired air
      during rest and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Exposure lasted 2 h. The
      results were puzzling in view of the high blood/air partition coefficient for
      butyl alcohol. The arterial blood concentration was low. The concentration in the
      last part of the expired air, i.e., the ""alveolar'' concentration, was low. The
      quotient of ""alveolar'' concentration X 100/inspired concentration was low in
      relation to the low percentage uptake. However the high solubility of butyl
      alcohol in water may explain the results. Butyl alcohol was probably partially
      taken up in the water of the dead space mucous membranes during inspiration. It
      was then partially released from the membranes. Therefore the concentration of
      butyl alcohol in the last part of expiration was probably not the same as the
      concentration in the alveolar air.

PMID- 973130
TI  - A method for determining benzo(a)pyrene in air samples collected on glass fiber
      filters in occupational areas.
AB  - Benzo(a)pyrene was analyzed in air samples collected on glass fiber filters in
      occupational areas. Vacuum sublimation, thin-layer chromatography on acetylated
      cellulose, and fluorescence scanning of the thin layer plate were performed. The
      recovery of the method was estimated by an isotope dilution technique using 3H
      benzo(a)pyrene. Special equipment was constructed for sublimation. The detection
      limit for authentic samples was found to be about 10 pmoles per filter.

PMID- 973131
TI  - Determination of exposure to electric fields in extra high voltage substations.
AB  - Electrophysical effects related to extra high voltage are surveyed for the
      determination of the exposure of personnel to electric fields in substations. It
      is concluded that the electric field strengths and the electrical discharges to
      the personnel are the important electrophysical factors. Instruments for
      measuring the field strength at grounded surfaces and at nonzero potentials were
      constructed. Results are presented of measurements with these instruments in
      substations. A dummy was used for the measurement of the distribution of
      capacitive currents to a man. The dummy can also be used for measuring the
      effectiveness of special shielding clothes.

PMID- 973132
TI  - U.S. universities and the world food problem.

PMID- 973133
TI  - Carbon monoxide: effects on oxygenation of the fetus in utero.
AB  - The partial pressure of oxygen in fetal blood decreases in proportion to the
      carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in fetal and maternal blood. Because fetal
      oxygen tensions normally equal 20 to 30 percent of the values for adults, this
      reduction can result in severe hypoxia of vital tissues. Decreases in oxygen
      tension may be a factor in the lower birth weights of infants born to women who
      smoke or are exposed to severe air pollution.

PMID- 973134
TI  - Thyroxine-induced activation of hypothalamo-hypophysial axis in neotenic
      salamander larvae.
AB  - Thyroxine injected into the hypothalamus of neotenic Ambystoma tigrinum induces
      metamorphosis by activating hypothalamo-hypophysial stimulatory control of
      thyroid activity, thereby removing the hypothalamic block to metamorphosis.

PMID- 973135
TI  - Discharge of aminoacyl-viral RNA by a factor from interferon-treated cells.

PMID- 973136
TI  - Ribosomal genes of Xenopus laevis: evidence of nucleosomes in transcriptionally
      active chromatin.
AB  - Most of the reiterated ribosomal genes in the somatic cells of larvae of a mutant
      of Xenopus laevis appear to be protected from short-term nuclease digestion by
      being packaged in the form of chromatin subunits or nucleosomes. Since these
      mutant animals probably require all of their ribosomal genes to be active in
      order to maintain viability, at least some of the transcriptionally active gene
      sequences are probably associated with chromatin subunits. Thus, association of
      DNA with nucleosomes may not necessarily preclude template activity, although
      such association is probably of a dynamic rather than a static nature.

PMID- 973137
TI  - Derepressed alloantigen in transplacentally induced lung tumor coded for by H-2
      linked gene.
AB  - A transplacentally induced lung tumor of strain C3Hf mice grows progressively
      when transplanted to (C3Hf X A)F1 hybrid mice but not when transplanted to C3Hf
      recipients. Progressive tumor growth occurs in [(C3Hf X A)F1 X C3Hf] backcross
      mice inheriting the H-2a haplotype from the F1 parent. Furthermore,
      radioresistant immunity to the lung tumor can be induced in C3Hf mice by
      immunization with normal tissue of B10.A and B10.A(2R) but not of B10 or
      B10.A(5R) strain mice.

PMID- 973138
TI  - Central nervous regulation of body temperature during sleep.
AB  - The relationship between hypothalamic temperature and metabolic heat production
      was measured during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep, and paradoxical sleep in
      unrestrained kangaroo rats (Dipodomys). Hypothalamic temperature was manipulated
      with chronically implanted, water-perfused thermodes while cortical
      electroencephalogram, electromyogram, metabolic rate, and body movement were
      continuously recorded. During slow-wave sleep, in comparison to wakefulness,
      there is a lowered threshold hypothalamic temperature for the metabolic heat
      production response and a lowered proportionality constant relating rate of
      metabolic heat production to hypothalamic temperature. During paradoxical sleep
      no increase in metabolic heat production could be elicited by lowering
      hypothalamic temperature, which indicates that the thermoregulatory system is
      inoperative. These results provide a basis for explaining the changes in various
      body temperatures, metabolic rate, and other thermoregulatory responses during
      sleep in a variety of mammals.

PMID- 973139
TI  - Dopaminergic agents: influence on serotonin in the molluscan nervous system.
AB  - Treatment of the mussel Mytilus edulis with 6-hydroxydopamine or with alpha
      methyl-p-tyrosine decreased dopamine and increased serotonin in the nervous
      system. Treatment with dopamine decreased serotonin concentrations and prevented
      the effect of 6-hydroxydopamine. The serotonin concentration appears to be
      determined in part by the concentration of dopamine.

PMID- 973141
TI  - Polypoid lesion of the gallbladder.

PMID- 973140
TI  - Disproportionate tonotopic representation for processing CF-FM sonar signals in
      the mustache bat auditory cortex.
AB  - The extent of cortical representation of the peripheral sensory field depends on
      its importance for species behavior. The orientation sound of the mustache bat
      (Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus) invariably consists of long constant-frequency
      and short frequency-modulated components and is indispensable for its survival. A
      disproportionately large part of the auditory cortex of this bat is occupied by
      neurons processing the predominant components in the orientation signal and
      Doppler-shifted echoes. This disproportionate cortical representation related to
      features of biologically significant signals is comparable to that in the
      somatosensory and visual systems in many mammals, but it has not previously been
      observed in the auditory system.

PMID- 973142
TI  - Case of the fall season. Asplenia syndrome.

PMID- 973143
TI  - Chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.

PMID- 973144
TI  - Extrinsic abnormalities affecting the biliary system.

PMID- 973145
TI  - [Program and methodologic approaches to improving specialized medical services to
      the rural population].

PMID- 973146
TI  - [Organization of reanimation and intensive therapy in pediatrics].
AB  - The authors propose a definitely-arranged system for organization of reanimation
      and intensive therapy of children. It includes 5 component elements, viz. rooms
      and posts of reanimation aid at kindergartens and creches, polyclinics and
      sanatoria; intensive therapy wards at maternity homes and pediatric hospitals;
      anesthesiological, reanimation and intensive therapy departments of
      multispecialized pediatric inpatient departments; reanimation and
      anesthesiological centers; a consultative travelling reanimation pediatric team.
      The structural form of the patients' hospitalization at pediatric reanimation
      departments is analyzed. Of their total number 48 per cent are surgical patients
      after serious operative interventions on the organs of thoracic and abdominal
      cavities with multiple injuries and malformations; 27.1 per cent are infectious
      patients, 11.9 per cent - those suffering from poisonings and 10.7 per cent
      patients with somatic illnesses.

PMID- 973147
TI  - [Morbidity with temproary work loss among miners and engineering-technical
      personnel in the iron ore industry].
AB  - The influence of industrial-occupational and social-hygienic factors (vocation,
      age, underground and continuous service record, per capita income, nutrition) on
      the level of temporary incapacitation and also on the dynamics and structure of
      the disease incidence among average annually engaged and regular miners in ore
      mining industry was studied. The use of multifactor correlation and regression
      analysis and of the Bayes probability method helped establish the dependence of
      the temporary incapacitation level on the age, occupational activities,
      continuous service record, family composition, education and per capita income.
      The administration and social bodies of the mine in concerd with medical workers
      have on the ground of the present investigation outlined ways and means for
      implementation of measures aimed at consolidating the health status of workers.

PMID- 973148
TI  - [Medical technology and improving medical services to the population].

PMID- 973149
TI  - [Registration files on the dispensary coverage of the population].
AB  - To-day the quality of treatment on the dispensary levels is the most important
      factor in the work of medico-prophylactic establishments. The existing
      registration files on the dispensary coverage of thee population needs revision
      with a view of satisfying requirements of practicians. The organizational
      methodological division of th Lvov regional clinical hospital has devised an
      optimal variant of registration forms that enable it to ensure keeping more exact
      records of patients undergoing the dispendary treatment, to cut down the time
      spend in checking, to more quickly obtain the needed current data and to strike
      balance of the medical commissions work in carrying out periodical medical
      examinations of the population.

PMID- 973150
TI  - [Public health of the Polish People's Republic at present and chief prospects for
      the future].

PMID- 973151
TI  - [Demographic indices in the Republic of Ghana].

PMID- 973152
TI  - [Public health of Ethiopia].

PMID- 973153
TI  - [Organization of specialized medical services to the population in several
      regions of the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 973154
TI  - [Current problems in the administration of medical museums].

PMID- 973155
TI  - Flapping tremor associated with administration of diphenylhydantoin sodium.

PMID- 973156
TI  - Left lateral blood pressure reading.

PMID- 973157
TI  - Wenckebach block in runners: a 10-year survival.

PMID- 973158
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

PMID- 973159
TI  - Clinical and EEG response to clonazepam in four patients with self-induced
      photosensitive epilepsy.
AB  - Clonazepam was administered to 4 patients with an unusual form of photosensitive
      epilepsy. Two showed immediate and sustained clinical and electro
      encephalographic (EEG) improvement. One showed immediate but unsustained clinical
      improvement, but there was no EEG improvement. One patient did not improve either
      clinically or on EEG.

PMID- 973160
TI  - Anaerobic infections in hospital practice.
AB  - The role of anaerobes in the pathogenesis of infections was investigated.
      Anaerobes were isolated from 0,25% of blood cultures and from 15,8% of other
      specimens tested; in 15,1% of cases where anaerobes were isolated, no aerobes
      were found. The strains most commonly encountered were Bacteroides fragilis, B.
      melaninogenicus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Clostridium perfringens.
      Sensitivity tests in vitro showed all organisms to be sensitive to clindamycin,
      metronidazole and chloramphenicol, while a large proportion were resistant to
      penicillin G and smaller numbers were resistant to tetracycline.

PMID- 973161
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis in a Xhosa father and daughter.
AB  - A Xhosa father and daughter with ankylosing spondylitis are reported. Review of
      the literature revealed a low incidence of ankylosing spondylitis in Blacks in
      general, with only isolated reports from the continent of Africa itself. To our
      knowledge, there has been no documentation of ankylosing spondylitis in a black
      female, or of ankylosing spondylitis in first-degree Black relatives. The
      clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis in the female, and the role of human
      leucocyte antigen (HLA) B27 in the disease are also discussed.

PMID- 973162
TI  - Hypoglycaemia associated with severe kwashiorkor.
AB  - A study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemia of severe kwashiorkor. The
      findings of significant stores of hepatic glycogen suggests that glycogenolysis
      was impaired. Plasma glucagon levels were relatively low, and it is suggested
      that this might be secondary to either a pancreatic alpha-cell defect, or
      inadequate sympathetic stimulation.

PMID- 973163
TI  - Vitiligo and malignant melanoma: a significant association?
AB  - Three patients with malignant melanoma and coexisting vitiligo are described. All
      three appear to exhibit at least partial spontaneous control of the melanoma. The
      hypothesis is made that there may be a significant association between vitiligo
      and regressing melanoma. The basis for this is the fact that there may be an
      association between vitiligo and the production of an antimelanoma antibody,
      promoting rejection of the melanoma.

PMID- 973164
TI  - Reye's syndrome.
AB  - The occurrence of Reye's syndrome in 3 children in Bulawayo is reported, and a
      short review of the diagnostic features and pathogenesis is offered.

PMID- 973165
TI  - 'Swimming-pool' granuloma.

PMID- 973166
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins in Black South African children.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin levels in Black children were estimated and the results
      analysed in 13 age ranges, from birth up to 15 years of age. Samples from
      children whose serum immunoglobulins were unlikely to be affected by their
      clinical condition were chosen for the analysis. The values measured were much
      higher when compared with conventionally accepted reference ranges in White
      children within the same age groups. Therefore, it is most important to interpret
      the results of immunoglobulin measurement within the range for the individual
      concerned.

PMID- 973167
TI  - The Cornelia de Lange syndrome: a study of 9 affected individuals.
AB  - Nine children with the Cornelia de Lange syndrome have been examined and
      investigated. Prominent among the clinically important features are retarded
      physical and mental development, limb malformation and limited life expectancy.
      Early diagnosis is important for prognostication and management, and is based on
      the recognition of the combination of the stigmata and typical facial
      characteristics.

PMID- 973168
TI  - A review of deaths in a paediatric burns unit.
AB  - During a 5-year period, 1970 to 1974, a total of 2 118 new patients were admitted
      to the Burns Unit of the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town.
      There were 35 deaths. The main complications and causes of death in these 35
      patients are critically analysed and standard management methods are reviewed to
      highlight mistakes in the management of burns.

PMID- 973169
TI  - Turner's syndrome with XO/XXp- karyotype: a case report.
AB  - An unusual case of Turner's syndrome is presented. The case highlights the
      importance of chromosome analysis in patients presenting with primary
      amenorrhoea. This patient demonstrates the effects of mosaicism and the
      importance of the long and short arms of the X chromosome. Deletion of the short
      arm has only been reported in 2 previous cases of Turner's syndrome. The absence
      of the short arm is believed to be responsible for the shortness in stature in
      these patients.

PMID- 973170
TI  - Ruptured popliteal cyst -- an unusual complication of osteo-arthritis: a case
      report.
AB  - Synovial rupture produces a syndrome resembling acute thrombophlebitis and it is
      usually seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The interesting feature
      reported here is the occurrence of popliteal cyst rupture in a patient with no
      evidence of inflammatory joint disease. It is important to diagnose this
      condition correctly and to avoid anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 973171
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the penis (corpora cavernosa)].
AB  - Tuberculosis of the male urethra and corpora cavernosa is discussed and 3
      patients with this rare condition are presented. These patients were among 63
      patients who presented with urethral stricture during the past 2 years. The
      diagnosis was based primarily on histological appearance, and treatment consisted
      of a combined medical and surgical approach, viz. streptomycin, PAS, INH with or
      without rifampicin; urinary diversion and drainage of pus (if any); initial stage
      I urethroplasty after control of infection and stage II urethroplasty after 18 -
      20 months.

PMID- 973172
TI  - Physical illness and the psychiatric patient.
AB  - The significance and seriousness of physical illness in mentally ill patients are
      often not appreciated by those responsible for the immediate care of these
      patients. This study highlights the nature and prevalence of physical illnesses
      in a large group of psychiatrically ill patients.

PMID- 973173
TI  - [Current problems of dust-induced lung diseases (pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 973174
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of inflammatory nontuberculous diseases and tumors of the
      lungs in the district antituberculosis dispensary].

PMID- 973175
TI  - [Mortality in ischemic heart disease among male population according to
      prospective epidemiological studies in 1 of the regions of Moscow].

PMID- 973176
TI  - [Problems of thermoregulation in patients with chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 973177
TI  - [Long-term clinical-dispensary treatment of patients with systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 973178
TI  - [Psychotherapy of agrypnia syndrome].

PMID- 973179
TI  - [Comparison of radiorenographic indicators with certain clinical and functional
      data].

PMID- 973180
TI  - [Effect of chloxyl on the content of aldolase and transaminases and certain
      indicators of blood coagulation in opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 973181
TI  - [Definition of the concept "clinical thinking"].

PMID- 973182
TI  - [Dispensarization of patients with implanted electrocardiostimulators].

PMID- 973183
TI  - [Nomenclature of myocardial diseases].

PMID- 973184
TI  - [Complex evaluation of functional state of the myocardium and its importance for
      disability evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 973185
TI  - [Methodological aspects of the study of carbohydrate tolerance in epidemiological
      survey of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 973186
TI  - [Problems of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 973187
TI  - [The Oslo program for prevention of ishemic heart disease].

PMID- 973188
TI  - [Psychosomatic aspects of treatment of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 973189
TI  - [Basic principles and results of prevention of rheumatism recurrence].

PMID- 973190
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of patients with lupoid hepatitis and of
      their relatives].

PMID- 973191
TI  - [Genealogical, population and biochemical analysis of hereditary aggravation of
      peptic ulcer].

PMID- 973192
TI  - [Possibilities of the use of gastroduodenoscopy for examination of patients with
      duodenal ulcer under ambulatory conditions].

PMID- 973193
TI  - [Prevention of postresection disorders in patients with peptic ulcer].

PMID- 973194
TI  - [Hepato-ovarian syndrome and its prevention].

PMID- 973195
TI  - [Epidemiology of anemia in certain regions of eastern Siberia].

PMID- 973196
TI  - [Urgent problems of occupational pathology].

PMID- 973197
TI  - [Cardiopathy (myocardiodystrophy) in chronic carbon disulfide poisoning].

PMID- 973198
TI  - Conditions for genetic polymorphism in social hymentopera under selection at the
      colony level.

PMID- 973199
TI  - Population genetics of modifiers of meiotic drive. III. Equilibrium analysis of a
      general model for the genetic control of segregation distortion.

PMID- 973200
TI  - Stability of an age specific population with density dependent fertility.

PMID- 973201
TI  - A hybrid model of schistosomiasis with snail latency.

PMID- 973202
TI  - The decay of genetic variability in geographically structured populations. II.

PMID- 973203
TI  - Nonvulnerability of ecosystems in unpredictable environments.

PMID- 973204
TI  - On the limit to niche overlap for nonuniform niches.

PMID- 973205
TI  - [Inspection of "christmass rabbits" (author's transl)].
AB  - 403 "Christmass rabbits" slaughtered in a public slaughter-house were inspected.
      The average age of the rabbits was eleven months, the average weight being 4.3
      kg. (Rabbits raised for commercial purposes are slaughtered when they are
      approximately three months and weigh 2.5 kg.). Pathological changes were observed
      in 34 per cent of the animals after slaughter; these changes were mainly due to
      parasites. Of all rabbits which were inspected, 77 per cent were passed for food;
      13 per cent were only passed after some parts of the animals had been removed
      (mainly livers showing coccidiosis); 8 per cent were conditionally admitted and 2
      per cent were condemned. Moreover, 120 traditionally raised rabbits and 120
      rabbits raised for commercial purposes were examined for the presence of
      Salmonella in the faeces and the wall of the rectum. No Salmonella organisms were
      detected.

PMID- 973206
TI  - [Preliminary results of a study on the effect of a contagious foot-rot vaccine in
      sheep (author's transl)].
AB  - A large number of findings on the effects of a contagious foot-rot vaccine have
      been reported in the literature. To gain a personal understanding of the uses of
      this vaccine, also in view of foot-rot control as prescribed by law in the
      Netherlands, the course run by an experimentally induced infection was observed
      in a flock consisting of vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals. A first
      impression is that the results may be described as encouraging, in accordance
      with the findings reported in the literature. The comparative part of the trial
      having been completed, the studies were continued to see whether vaccination
      might possibly have a long-term cumulative effect. The motivation and planning of
      these continued studies will be considered in the discussion of the preliminary
      results. A report will follow later on.

PMID- 973207
TI  - [Some features of the control of atrophic rhinitis (author's transl)].
AB  - The results obtained by a number of control measures in 152 cases of atrophic
      rhinitis in the province of North Brabant in 1975 are reviewed. So-called
      "elimination of piglets" from the herd for a few weeks and treatment of the
      newborn piglets in accordance with a fixed scheme are the measures stressed in
      this regard moreover, when this scheme of treatment is adopted in a contaminated
      environment, i.e. without any taking over by the authorities, it also offers
      certain prospects. The method of control widely used in the Netherlands so far
      (elimination of piglets not followed by a scheme of treatment) was not
      sufficiently successful.

PMID- 973208
TI  - Primed LD typing (PLT)-technical considerations.

PMID- 973209
TI  - The distribution of HLA in a Polynesian population-Western Samoans.
AB  - HLA and gene frequencies are presented for a Polynesian population-the Western
      Samoans. Within the HLA-A locus A2, A9 and A11 have the highest frequencies and
      account for 55% of the alleles in this locus. The alleles BW22 and BW40 had the
      highest frequencies in the HLA-B locus and accounted for 51% of the alleles. The
      blank gene frequencies for the HLA-A and B loci are .382 and .373 respectively.
      Significant linkage disequilibrium was found with the haplotypes A1,B7; A3,B7;A2,
      BW40; A9, BW40 A9, BW22. The most frequent haplotype was A2,BW40. Comparatively
      low values within this population and between this and other Polynesian
      populations are discussed in terms of selection, migration and drift.

PMID- 973210
TI  - HLA-SD antigens and schizophrenia: statistical and genetical considerations.
AB  - The HLA-SD phenotype distributions of hebephrenic and paranoid schizophrenics,
      and of the two groups combined, in an Italian population and in a combined group
      from the Swedish population have been analyzed statistically. There is a
      significantly decreased frequency of HLA-A10 in all of these. Theae are some
      preliminary indications of an increased frequency (a positive association) for
      some of the other antigens of the HLA-SD series, but there is insufficient data
      at present for evaluating the significance of these findings. Differences between
      hebephrenic and paranoid schizophrenics have been detected.

PMID- 973211
TI  - HLA haplotypes in a genetic isolate in Newfoundland. A population showing 8%
      homozygosity and a familial aggregate of lymphoma and immunodeficiency cases.
AB  - HLA typing was performed on 384 individuals of an isolated population of 1,500
      people with a familial aggregate of lymphoma and immunodeficiency cases. Eighty
      five % of the total population were descendants of the founding couple. First
      cousin marriages were common. There was a three-fold or higher increase of the
      following haplotypes as compared to the frequencies in Sheffield: HLA-A28,Bw35,
      HLA-A28, B18, HLA-A10, B18, HLA-A2, B18,HLA-A11, Bw40 and HLA-A11, B7. The
      frequency of HLA-A1, B8 was low (5.4%). The most common genotype was HLA-A2,
      B12/A2, B12 followed by HLA-A2, B12/A28, Bw35. We found 20 HLA homozygous
      individuals, of these 15 were HLA-A2, b12/a2, b12. There were two possible HLA
      cross-overs which may be confirmed and three postulated cross-overs which can
      never be confirmed as one or both parents of the individuals in question are
      deceased. Some of the haplotypes could be traced back to the first, second and
      third generations, i.e. to the first half of the nineteenth century. No single
      haplotype or antigen was shared by the patients.

PMID- 973212
TI  - HLA antigens in schizophrenia.

PMID- 973213
TI  - Financial management and third party reimbursement: an overview.

PMID- 973215
TI  - Maximizing cash flow through receivables management.

PMID- 973214
TI  - Financial management and third party reimbursement. Problems in receivables.

PMID- 973216
TI  - The impact of reimbursement on hospital cash flow.

PMID- 973217
TI  - Hospital debt management and cost reimbursement.

PMID- 973218
TI  - A mechanism for cadmium- and zinc-induced tolerance to cadmium toxicity:
      involvement of metallothionein.

PMID- 973219
TI  - Distribution and excretion of (14C)polychlorinated biphenyls after their
      prolonged administration to male rats.

PMID- 973220
TI  - The concentration of hexachlorophene in the blood of albino rats as a function of
      time postexposure, number of exposures, route of exposure, previous exposure, and
      age.

PMID- 973221
TI  - Toxicity of sodium pentafluorostannite, a new anticariogenic agent. II.
      Contribution of tin to the acute toxicity of sodium pentafluorostannite in the
      rat.

PMID- 973222
TI  - Alanine: a toxicity study.

PMID- 973223
TI  - Neuroelectrical disturbance as indicator of chronic chlordane toxicity.

PMID- 973224
TI  - Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: effect on adrenal catecholamines.

PMID- 973225
TI  - Varying degrees of susceptibility of inbred strains of rats to N-2
      fluorenyldiacetamide hepatic carcinogenesis.

PMID- 973226
TI  - A pharmacodynamic study of (14C)thiourea toxicity in mature, immature, tolerant,
      and nontolerant rats.

PMID- 973228
TI  - Cancer mortality declines in first six months of 1976.

PMID- 973227
TI  - Tobacco smoke inhalation studies in rats.

PMID- 973229
TI  - The voting population and presidential elections.

PMID- 973230
TI  - Policyholder mortality declines.

PMID- 973231
TI  - Households in major cities in 1980.

PMID- 973232
TI  - Metabolism of testosterone by the epididymis and ventral prostate of rat and its
      inhibition by cyproterone acetate.
AB  - The metabolism of 3H-testosterone by the epididymis and accessory organs of adult
      male rats exposed continuously to microdoses of cyproterone acetate from
      subcutaneous capsules were studied. The major metabolite of 3H-testosterone in
      the epididymis, vas deferens and ventral prostate of control rat was
      dihydrotestosterone while the formation of androstanediol by these tissues was
      low. The highest percentage of DHT was formed by the ventral prostate and cauda
      epididymis. In rats exposed to cyproterone acetate for four months, the
      conversion of testosterone to DHT was inhibited in all the tissues but maximally
      in the ventral prostate and cauda epididymis. In these rats, the secretory
      function of the ventral prostate was normal while that of the epididymis was
      markedly decreased. These data are discussed based on the differential thresholds
      of androgens required to regulate the functions of the accessory organs.

PMID- 973233
TI  - Mass spectral fragmentation of 18-norsteroids and 12-oxo-20-hydroxysteroids.
AB  - Comparison of the mass spectra of 18-norsteroids with those of the corresponding
      normal steroids revealed that the absence of the 18-methyl group has little
      effect on the fragmentation pattern, especially on the D-ring and side-chain
      cleavage. The results indicate that the stability-of the cation or radical
      species, due to the quarternary nature of C-13, is not a major driving force in
      the key 13-17 cleavage. Hydrogen transfer observed in the D-ring fragmentation of
      20-hydroxy-18-nor-5 alpha-pregnan-13-ones was not found to be specific to the 18
      norcompounds. Deuterium labeling at the 20-OH and 20 alpha-H has suggested the
      involvement of a unique triple hydrogen rearrangement in this major cleavage.
      Migration of the 20-hydrogen to the 12-keto oxygen was also observed in the
      fragmentation of dammarane derivatives and was likewise confirmed by deuterium
      labeling.

PMID- 973234
TI  - A simple method for the assay of eight steroids in small volumes of plasma.
AB  - A simple method is described for the simultaneous radioligand assay of four
      delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroids adjacent to one another on the biosynthetic pathway
      (pregnenolone [1], 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and 5
      androsterone-3beta, 17beta-diol), and their four delta4-3keto products
      (progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 4-androstene-3, 17-dione and
      testosterone). Two plasma aliquots are extracted and fractionated each for four
      steroids and individual corrections are made for losses. For fractionation,
      maximum use is made of the high resolution and reproducibility of celite
      minicolumns, using propylene glycol as stationary phase, and a discontinuous
      gradient of ethyl acetate in iso-octane as mobile phase. The fractions are then
      assayed in the appropriate radioligand end-assay system. Each assay was finally
      validated by demonstrating coincidence of peaks of immuno- and radioactive
      steroid in extracts of female plasma. Results in pre-pubertal girls and women in
      the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle suggest that the major change in
      adrenal steroid production at puberty may be an increase in 17, 20-desmolase
      activity. There appears to be little reversal of this change in adrenal function
      after ovariectomy.

PMID- 973235
TI  - Heterocyclic steroids. Part-V. Studies on the total synthesis of racemic 3
      methoxy-7-oxaestra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-17(e)-ol.

PMID- 973236
TI  - Antiestrogen action: differential nuclear retention and extractability of the
      estrogen receptor.
AB  - Since there is a much longer uterine nuclear retention of the U-11, 100A
      (antiestrogen) receptor complex (UARC) than of the estradiol receptor complex
      (ERC) at 4-12 hrs after injection, experiments were designed to determine if
      there is a difference between the relative nuclear affinities for the two RCs as
      determined by extraction with various ionic strength mediums. Although the UARC
      was retained longer in the nuclear fraction in vivo, the UARC was completely
      extractable with 0.3M KCl or 50mM spermine, whereas the ERC demonstrates a salt
      resistant form. This suggests that the ERC is more tightly bound to nuclear
      components through this salt-resistant form of the receptor. In addition, various
      intercalating agents were used to distinguish the different nuclear chromatin DNA
      sites where the UARC and ERC may be binding. With actinomycin D (50 uM) more ERC
      than UARC was retained in the nuclear fraction. However, with ethidium bromide
      (100uM) less ERC than UARC was retained. Also, the ERC selectively released by
      ethidium bromide is precisely that fraction not released by salt. These results
      indicate that the UARC and ERC bind to different chromatin loci.

PMID- 973237
TI  - In vivo and in vitro studies of 15alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the human
      placenta.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the fate of 15alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in
      human placental tissue. Tritiated 15alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was perfused
      through normal human placentas in situ at the time of Cesarean section and
      incubated with a 10,000x g microsomal supernate of the placenta in vitro. In both
      systems the substrate, but no additional metabolites were identified. These
      findings indicate that 15alpha-hydroxyprogesterone is not metabolized during its
      passage in the human term placenta, and suggests that because of its fetal origin
      clinical measurements of 15alpha-hydroxyprogesterone may provide a valuable index
      to the status of fetal viability.

PMID- 973238
TI  - Steroid aromatization by a small particle fraction from porcine ovaries.
AB  - Testosterone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, 19-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 4alpha
      5-oxido-5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione and 4beta-5-oxido-5beta-androstane-3,17
      dione were compared as substrates for aromatization by the small particle
      fraction from sow ovaries. Relative conversion rates were: 19-hydroxy-4
      androstene-3,17-dione:4-androstene-3,17-dione: testosterone: 4alpha-5-oxido
      5alpha- and 4beta-5-oxido-5beta-androstane-3,17-dione; 100:32:20:congruent to O.
      Apparent Michaelis constants were 4.4 muM for 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 12 muM
      for testosterone. Maximum velocities were 0.20 pmoles/mg protein per min for
      androstenedione [1] and 0.16 for testosterone. The substrate preferences of the
      aromatizing system found in ovary are similar to those of the enzyme found in
      placenta.

PMID- 973239
TI  - Characterization of the androgen receptor in the skeletal muscle of the rat.
AB  - Skeletal muscle homogenate of prepuberal, adult uncastrated or short-(1-4days) or
      long-term (20days) castrated male and female rats was incubated at 0degreesC iwth
      highly labeled (3H)5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (1) or (3H) testosterone. labeled
      (3H)5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (1) or 3H) testosterone. After incubation bound
      and free hormone in the 100,000 g cytosol were separated by agargel
      electrophoresis at low temperature. Furthermore, the percentage distribution of
      the main metabolites found in the cytosol was analyzed by thin-layer
      chromatography. Two androgen binding proteins could be found: One with high
      affinity (apparent dissociation and constant (Kd)= 1.4 - 6.4X10(-9)M) low
      capacity (receptor), the other with relative low affinity high capacity. The
      physico-chemical characteristics of the androgen receptor in the rat skeletal
      muscle cytosol are similar if not identical to those which have been described
      for the androgen receptor in the prostate and other androgen dependent organs.
      However, the amount of available 5alpha-DHT-binding sites in the skeletal muscle
      is about 60 times and 7 times lower than in the prostate and
      bulbocavernosus/levator ani muscle, respectively. No essential androgen
      metabolism occurs in vitro at 0degreesC in the skeletal muscle.

PMID- 973240
TI  - Synthesis and purification of radioactive 6beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholest-5(10)-en
      3beta-ol.
AB  - A method for the synthesis and purification of 6beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholest
      5(10)-ene-3beta-ol-131I of greater than 98 mole% chemical purity and greater than
      99% radiochemical purity is presented. Carbon-13 and proton NMR were used to
      establish the identity and purity. Discrepancies in the characterization of this
      compound, previously published by two other research groups, are discussed.

PMID- 973241
TI  - The Danfa family planning program in rural Ghana.

PMID- 973242
TI  - The Korean Mothers' Club program.

PMID- 973243
TI  - The role of the Family Planning Association in Hong Kong's fertility decline.

PMID- 973244
TI  - Humoral antibody suppression with an anti-bone marrow serum.

PMID- 973245
TI  - Homograft transplantation of the ovary.

PMID- 973246
TI  - Toxoplasmin skin sensitivity in Calcutta area.
AB  - Toxoplasmin skin test was performed on 574 suspected and 24 control cases. A
      positive reaction was noted in 92 of 481 ophthalmological cases; two of 17
      lymphadenopathy cases; none in 36 cerebral palsy cases and four of 40
      miscellaneous cases comprising pyrexia of unknown aetiology, recurrent abortions
      etc. None from the control group gave a positive reaction. The significance of
      the results is discussed and the need for further studies employing other
      investigative methods is stressed.

PMID- 973247
TI  - Integrated health care for mother and child in health centres in Kenya.

PMID- 973248
TI  - Pulmonary oedema associated with acidosis in patients with cholera.
AB  - Five patients with severe acidosis and pulmonary oedema complicating cholera were
      seen at the Cholera Research Laboratory, Dacca, in a two-year period. All had had
      inadequate treatment. Their disease resulted in acidosis prior to admission; only
      the two who subsequently survived received volumes of sodium bicarbonate
      solutions sufficiently large to repair completely their acidosis. Saline alone
      worsened pulmonary congestion, while alkali appeared to relieve it despite the
      accompanying volume expansion. These observations are consistent with the known
      redistribution of blood to the central circulation in acidosis. Timely and proper
      treatment of cholera will avert this syndrome, when use of isotonic sodium
      bicarbonate sufficient to correct acidosis may be very helpful.

PMID- 973249
TI  - Blood phenylalanine levels in mentally retarded African children: a study of 138
      patients from Ibadan, Nigeria.
AB  - Blood phenylalanine levels were determined by the Guthrie microbiological
      inhibition technique in 138 mentally retarded, and in 88 randomly selected normal
      (control) Nigerian children. All the control subjects and 137 of the 138 mentally
      retarded children had negative Guthrie tests (6 mg/100 ml or less). In a majority
      of the children, the blood phenylalanine levels were 2 mg/100 ml or less. One
      mentally retarded child had moderately elevated blood phenylalanine level which
      was however much lower than the levels associated with classical phenylketonuria.
      The findings in the present study is in agreement with previously reported rarity
      of phenylketonuria in American negroes. An extensive survey of tropical Africa
      for phenylketonuria is, however, still desirable because regional and ethnic
      differences in the incidence of the disease may exist.

PMID- 973250
TI  - [Ototoxic agents].

PMID- 973251
TI  - [Nephrotoxicity of combined therapy with cephalothin and gentamicin].

PMID- 973252
TI  - [X-ray study of the stomach with double contrast].

PMID- 973253
TI  - [Primary arterial aneurysmal abscess as a complication of drug addiction].

PMID- 973254
TI  - [A case of mental change resulting from L-dopa treatment].

PMID- 973255
TI  - [Tinea incognito. Masking of cutaneous fungal infections by local corticosteroid
      therapy].

PMID- 973256
TI  - [Our tobacco problem].

PMID- 973257
TI  - [Headache clinic in Copenhagen].

PMID- 973258
TI  - Stimulation of healing of varicose ulcers by ultrasound.
AB  - The local application of theraputic ultrasound has been shown, in a controlled
      trial, to stimulate the healing of chronic varicose ulcers. The change in ulcer
      size by the end of the period of treatment was noted. It was found that healing
      of insonated ulcers was significantly more marked than that exhibited by the
      controls.

PMID- 973259
TI  - [Characteristics of kidney lesions in poisoning with certain hemolytic poisons].

PMID- 973260
TI  - [Disorders of the fibrinolytic activity of urine in certain kidney diseases].

PMID- 973261
TI  - [Clinico-serological indicators of Mycoplasma infection in patients with
      pyelonephritis].

PMID- 973262
TI  - [Certain indicators of nonspecific reactivity during immunosuppresive therapy of
      children with nephritis].

PMID- 973263
TI  - [Intestinal fistula in urological practice].

PMID- 973264
TI  - [Diet therapy in the treatment of pyelonephritis].

PMID- 973265
TI  - [Urodynamic disorders in nephroptosis].

PMID- 973266
TI  - [Activity of enzymes of blood serum and urine in nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 973267
TI  - [Possible role of blood coagulation factors in the etiology of urolithiasis].

PMID- 973268
TI  - [Urolithiasis in the Novosibirsk district].

PMID- 973269
TI  - [Certain data on urolithiasis in Tatar ASSR].

PMID- 973270
TI  - [Severe course of bilateral nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis of
      hyperparathyroid etiology].

PMID- 973271
TI  - [Treatment of acute renal insufficiency in pregnancy].

PMID- 973272
TI  - [Varicose veins of the kidney pelvis and ureter].

PMID- 973273
TI  - [Carcinosarcoma of the bladder].

PMID- 973274
TI  - [Latent inflammatory process in the contralateral so-called healthy kidney in
      nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 973275
TI  - [The double-pyelon kidney with special regard to the transport function (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The double-pyelon kidney, i.e. the total or partial duplication of the urinary
      transport system may involve both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.
      Observations are presented on the strength of 398 cases with total or partial
      duplication of the upper urinary tract. The incidence rate was 0.7 percent. The
      various types of duplication are presented with the diagnostic and therapeutic
      features involved. Transport function is discussed in detail as investigated
      under ideal physiologic conditions: during excretory urography under the
      amplifier screen. Aiming at early detection of the congenital anomaly and
      specification of the appropriate management, a urologic check-up is suggested
      even with mild presenting symptoms. Special emphasis is given to the consistent
      day-time enuresis in children over 3 years old, as a possible sign of ectopic
      ureter. Both children and parents are saved much unpleasantness by early
      detection, proper management and considerate surgery.

PMID- 973276
TI  - [Vesicoureterorenal reflux: an inherited disease? (author's transl)].
AB  - A family case history is presented with an increased incidence of vesicorenal
      reflux: four sons had a reflux while a daughter and the parents were healthy in
      this respect. From the literature and on own studies the possibility of reflux as
      an inherited disease is discussed. A new finding is the coincidence of reflux and
      the histocompatibility-antigen HLA-A2.

PMID- 973277
TI  - [Congenital bllbar urethral stenosis and its therapy by means of internal
      urethrotomy under direct vision (according to Sachse) (author's transl)].
AB  - Congenital bulbar urethral stenosis arises from incomplete opening of the
      urogenital membrane. The etiology may possibly be genetic or else a disturbance
      in the maternal hormones during the embryonic phase. The diagnosis from other
      types of stenosis is made by urethroscopy. The urodynamic consequences are a
      compensatory hypertrophy of bladder muscle, in extreme cases finally followed by
      hydronephrosis. Symptoms of stenosis include dysuria, polyuria, enuresis, and
      recurrent urinary tract infection. The whole urinary tract should be
      investigated. At present, the operation of choice for dealing with this type of
      stenosis, is internal urethrotomy under direct vision (Sachse's operation). Short
      term indwelling catheterization, prophylaxis against infection, and hydraulic
      auto-bougination (raising the internal urethral pressure by compressing the penis
      during micturition) help to ensure success. The percentage of complications is
      low. The risk of recurrence is less than with the use of electrocautery.

PMID- 973278
TI  - [Complete and incomplete urethra duplications (author's transl)].
AB  - With the help of four cases of urethra duplications, a report is presented on the
      occurrence, symptomatology, diagnostics, and therapy of the clinical picture. The
      developmental anatomy is dealt with briefly.

PMID- 973279
TI  - [Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in childhood. Report of five
      own cases].
AB  - Malignant lesions of the bladder in infancy and early childhood arise from
      mesenchymal tissue. Among the mesenchymal tumors embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is
      more common in young children than in adults. The gross appearance of
      rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder is typically that of polypoid grapelike clusters
      of tissue, termed "sarcoma botryoides". Histologically, the lesion is consistent
      with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The growths originate in the submucosal layer of
      the trigone and the internal urethral orifice. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the
      bladder in children tends to remain within the disease. Deep extension and
      metastasis to regional lymph nodes and to distant sites is a relatively late
      occurrence. The symptoms are characteristically those of obstruction and
      strangury. Hematuris is uncommon. The intravenous urogram shows characteristic
      lobulated filling defects. Treatment of choice is almost always total cystectomy.
      Suprapubic cystotomy must be prohibited both as a method of drainage and as an
      approach for biopsy since tumors ulcerating through the abdominal wall after
      cystotomy and local excision have been observed. With concomitant administration
      of radiation therapy in selected cases and the combination of surgery with
      multiple drug chemotherapy, promising results have been obtained in the therapy
      of embryonal RMS of the bladder in children.

PMID- 973280
TI  - [Carcinoma of the bladder in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe the extremely rare finding of a keratinized squamous cell
      carcinoma of the bladder in a 13 year old girl without however a history of the
      typical symptoms of the illness such as hematuria. The findings are reviewed in
      the light of the current literature. Enuresis leading to a chronic infection of
      the urinary tract is discussed as the possible etiologic factor.

PMID- 973281
TI  - [The controlled TUR: a new method for the measurement of intraoperative blood
      loss during TUR (author's transl)].
AB  - The measurement of intraoperative blood-loss during TUR is concerned as a
      compulsory procedure for this kind of operation. After testing so far known
      methods for measuring blood-volume in blood-water-mixtures and demonstrating
      greater disadvantages of these methods, we developed a new photometer, which
      allows an immediate and exact estimation of the blood-loss. We compared this new
      method with other also exact but more complicated methods, had laboratory tests
      and tests in the daily operative routine and excluded possible mistakes.

PMID- 973282
TI  - [New drugs: Amikacin].

PMID- 973283
TI  - [Report on a symposium on the treatment of Ca-containing urinary calculi using
      ion exchangers, Munich, May 8, 1976].

PMID- 973284
TI  - Anterior transperitoneal approach for removal of renal stones.
AB  - An anterior transperitoneal approach was used for removal of stones from 15
      kidneys in 13 patients. Exposure of the anterior portion of the pelvis was
      readily accomplished making excellent exposure of the interior of the kidney
      possible. Minimal urinary drainage was noted postoperatively. The operative
      procedures done with the patients in the supine position were well tolerated.

PMID- 973285
TI  - Dissolution of uric acid stones: alternative to surgery.
AB  - A method for the dissolution of uric acid urolithiasis by irrigation with sodium
      bicarbonate solution through a ureteral catheter is described.

PMID- 973286
TI  - Doxorubicin chemotherapy in advanced transitional cell carcinoma.
AB  - During the past year 25 patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma were
      treated with intravenous doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), 60 to 75 mg. per
      square meter of body surface area, every three weeks. Among the 19 evaluable
      patients, one partial objective remission lasting five months was observed. All 7
      patients with bone pain had symptomatic relief and 12 patients had significant
      subjective improvement lasting an average of six-and-a-half months. Side effects
      were minimal and consisted of alopecia, mild leukopenia, and mild stomatitis; no
      significant cardiotoxicity was observed. Doxorubicin hydrochloride appears to
      have important antitumor activity in advanced urothelial tumors. Controlled
      clinical trials with this agent alone and in combined drug regimens are needed.

PMID- 973287
TI  - Xenon-133 resorption in urinary bladder: functional diagnosis of bladder
      epithelium.
AB  - The examination of resorption from the urinary bladder had previously been
      restricted almost exclusively to animal research, since, as a rule, a separation
      of the bladder from the urinary tract is required. If this is not done, the
      resorbed test substance quickly finds its way back into the bladder. More than 95
      per cent of the xenon which has been resorbed from the bladder becomes eliminated
      through the lungs. The detection and measurement of xenon in the exhaled air
      enables one to conduct, in a relatively simple fashion, urinary bladder
      resorption research using human subjects. Studies based on 141 patients showed
      that the xenon exhalation tests currently represent the most sensitive and exact
      method for detecting and determining the nature of inflammatory diseases of the
      urinary bladder. With a number of so-called "irritable bladder" cases it became
      clear that functional disorders of the bladder epithelium could be present
      without any evidence of associated morphologic changes. With radiogenic treatment
      of tumors in the lower pelvic region one experiences an increase in bladder
      resorption with increased exposure to radiation. There exists, as it were, a
      linear correlation between the radiation dosage and the degree of resorption from
      the urinary bladder. Three months after terminating radiotherapy one can detect,
      as a rule, only a negligible increase in resorption. If at this time the rate of
      xenon resorption still remains clearly high, one must reckon with permanent
      radiation damage of the bladder, insofar as it proves unsuccessful to eliminate
      the cause of cystitis.

PMID- 973288
TI  - Effect of preoperative antibiotic therapy on bacterial prostatitis after
      transurethral prostatectomy.
AB  - Transurethral prostatectomy was performed on 237 patients who required no
      preoperative antimicrobial therapy and on 182 patients with symptoms of urinary
      tract infection who received preoperative antimicrobial therapy. At operation all
      patients were asymptomatic. Data are presented on the incidence of infected
      prostates, bacteriuria at operation, and postoperative morbidity for the two
      groups. The findings refute the concept that the chronically infected prostate is
      resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Transurethral prostatectomy in an infected
      field was found to increase morbidity. The data suggest that an appropriate
      preoperative antimicrobial regimen be administered to patients undergoing
      transurethral prostatectomy with asymptomatic bacteriuria.

PMID- 973289
TI  - Prostatic cancer: evolution of treatment at a comprehensive center (1970-1974).
AB  - As a follow-up report to studies in previous decades, the present study covers
      190 patients admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute for prostatic carcinoma
      during 1970 to 1974. The records of an additional 30 cases whose prostatic
      carcinoma was found incidentally at autopsy are included in this study for
      comparisons. The mean age at diagnosis was significantly lower than in the
      previous decade, with a greater proportion of progressions to an advanced
      clinical stage prior to admission to Roswell Park Memorial Institute. The
      incidence of cardiovascular deaths was much lower than in 1960 to 1969. Survival
      for all clinical stages was longer than that observed in the previous period and
      correlated with clinical stage. Serum acid and alkaline phosphatase levels
      progressively increased with clinical stage. Chemotherapy, which was rarely
      employed in the previous decade, found increasing usage during 1970 to 1974.
      There is a general trend to earlier diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 973290
TI  - Postprostatectomy incontinence: George Washington University technique.
AB  - The original concept of external compression on the urethra to provide urinary
      continence in the male has undergone significant modifications since the original
      work of Berry fifteen years ago. The technique used at George Washington
      University is a successful extension of Berry's concept. This article presents a
      very precise description of the operation. There has been only one failure in 13
      patients referred to us, therefore the technique is recommended as an excellent
      means of correcting postprostatectomy incontinence.

PMID- 973291
TI  - Factors related to host recognition of bacterial antigens which cause urinary
      infection.
AB  - Some gram-negative bacteria isolated from the urinary tract have on their
      surfaces antigens identical to or similar to those of human blood groups A, B, or
      (H) O. Human isoantibodies to these antigens appear to play some part in the
      immunologic response to urinary infections. It is postulated from this
      observation that human isoantibodies A and B persist because they are important
      segments in resistance to infections rather than reactions to other human tissues
      (as in transfusions or transplantation). To further assess the relationship
      between bacterial antigens similar to those of blood groups A or B and host
      isoantibody response we performed an in-depth study of this relationship in 13
      patients with urinary infection of upper or lower tracts. Isoantibody of the
      immunoglobulin M class appeared to be the antibody which reacted with both
      bacteria and human erythrocytes. Patients with infections of the upper tracts had
      proportionately more cross-reacting anti-B antibody than those with lower tract
      infections, but the amounts of anti-A antibody were roughly equivalent in both
      types of infection. Response of a given host was genetically predetermined. Some
      deficiency in host recognition of bacterial antigens was noted since only 4 of 13
      patients recognized bacterial A or B antigens while all normals did so. Study of
      the defined crossreactions between bacterial and blood group antigens offers
      further opportunities for definition of the genetic components of immunity to
      urinary infections.

PMID- 973292
TI  - Unilateral medullary sponge kidney: cause of persistent bacteriuria.
AB  - A patient with twenty years of persistent bacteriuria secondary to unilateral
      medullary sponge kidney, and in whom no antibiotic would sterilize the urine, was
      cured of her infection by nephrectomy in the presence of contralateral
      hydronephrosis. A review of the literature shows 23 cases of unilateral medullary
      sponge kidney in which nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy was apparently equally
      successful, although no bacteriologic follow-up data are given.

PMID- 973293
TI  - Blunt trauma to renal artery.
AB  - A case of intimal laceration of the renal artery by blunt trauma is presented.
      Although complete and prolonged functional loss was documented, total recovery
      was eventually observed. Postulates regarding pathogenesis are provided. The
      usefulness of arteriography for therapeutic and prognostic reasons is emphasized.

PMID- 973294
TI  - Seven-year survival of child with rhabdomyosarcoma of prostate.
AB  - A case is reported of a twenty-two-month-old child who has survived for seven
      years without recurrence after multimodal therapy of a rhabdomyosarcoma of the
      prostate. The patient was treated with preoperative irradiation, radical surgery,
      and intraoperative and postoperative actinomycin D.

PMID- 973295
TI  - Relationship of distal ureter to obliterated hypogastric artery.

PMID- 973296
TI  - Cure of idiopathic priapism: new procedure for creating fistula between glans
      penis and corpora cavernosa.
AB  - A patient with idiopathic priapism of four days' duration had detumescence
      achieved in his hospital room using local anesthesia by creation of fistula
      between the glans penis and each corpora cavernosa bodies by means of a Travenol
      biopsy needle.

PMID- 973297
TI  - Non functioning interstitial cell carcinoma of testis.
AB  - The authors add an additional case to the 13 cases of malignant interstitial cell
      tumor of the testis previously reported in the literature. It has been thought
      that the hallmark of metastatic interstitial cell tumor of the testis is
      endocrinopathy secondary to production of hormones by the tumor. In the case
      reported here there were no clinical or chemical manifestations of any
      endocrinopathy, making this case unique.

PMID- 973298
TI  - Epidermal cyst of median raphe.
AB  - Cysts of the penis are rare and references to them in standard textbooks are
      sketchy. A case report of a congenital epidermal cyst of the median raphe of the
      penis is presented; therapy involved excision of the mass. Review of the
      literature is given.

PMID- 973299
TI  - Case profile: ureteropyelocaliectasis postdiversion.

PMID- 973300
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of renal pelvis.
AB  - A seventy-seven-year-old female with progressive abdominal sighs for twenty-four
      hours was found to have had a spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis with
      massive urinary extravasation.

PMID- 973301
TI  - Uroradiology of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disorder, well controlled in many persons with
      prolongation of life. Several radiologic manifestations are sufficiently specific
      to suggest a diagnosis in the unidentified patient, but even more important is an
      awareness of the sometimes life-threatening complications of diabetes which can
      be diagnosed from uroradiologic studies. We review the following urinary tract
      manifestations and complications of diabetes: pyelonephritis, perinephric
      abscess, renal papillary necrosis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, emphysematous
      cystitis, fungus infections, calcification of the vas deferens, seminal vesicle,
      and intrarenal branches of the renal artery, neuropathic bladder, and renal
      failure.

PMID- 973302
TI  - [Changes in hemodynamics in thalamonal-epontol, fentanyl-epontol, ketamine and
      thiopental induction anesthesia].

PMID- 973303
TI  - [Effect of methoxyflurane and fluothane on the activity of several organ specific
      liver enzymes].

PMID- 973304
TI  - [Peridural anesthesia in surgery of the upper extremities].

PMID- 973305
TI  - [Preoperative preparation of patients with dysphagia].

PMID- 973306
TI  - [Hemodynamics in patients of middle and advanced age with fractures of the
      proximal portion of the femur].

PMID- 973307
TI  - [Use of fluothane anesthesia in "minor" surgery].

PMID- 973308
TI  - [Significance of the type of trauma for the outcome of nerve injury].
AB  - The experience with 1896 restorative operations on injured nerve trunks shows a
      necessity to consider the problems of diagnosis, prognosis and choice of the
      treatment, and especially the results of the nerve suture, not in all patients
      with nerve injury but only in separate groups being comparable with respect to
      the kind and severity of the trauma. The probability of spontaneous recovery
      after cut and prick wounds is very small, if the signs of complete interruption
      of the conductivity are revealed from the very beginning. As a rule, nerve suture
      seems to be indicated after establishing the precise diagnosis. Rush and
      inadequate operations in primary surgical treatment of the wound, in particular,
      can cause an additional and severe trauma of the nerve, which repairing proves to
      be difficult and sometimes even impossible. In bone fractures the operation on
      injured nerves may be indicated after establishing the precise diagnosis during
      the period of "justified wating", taking into account the injury level and
      details of the clinical course. In traction lesions of the brachial plexus the
      correct diagnosis of the level and severity of the trauma must be established
      without an operation.

PMID- 973309
TI  - [Risks and complications of puncture catheterization of the subclavian vein for
      infusion therapy].

PMID- 973310
TI  - [Slipping out of the catheter as a complication of superior vena cava
      catheterization].

PMID- 973311
TI  - [Cardiac tamponade following catheterization of the subclavian vein by the
      Seldinger method].

PMID- 973312
TI  - [Restoration of work capacity following subtotal pancreatectomy].

PMID- 973313
TI  - [Dimorphous cancer of the pyloric region of the stomach].

PMID- 973314
TI  - [Varicose dilatation of the veins of the lower extremities].

PMID- 973315
TI  - [Indications for and technic of papillosphincterotomy].
AB  - The authors' experience with 45 papillosphincterotomies, performed for diseases
      of bile passages and chronic pancreatitis, is reported. The details of the
      operative technic, employed by the authors, are described. The technic of
      papillosphincterotomy on a conus-shape sound by means of a "laser scalpel" proved
      to be the most perfect one. Careful observation of the surgical technic made it
      possible to gain favourable results--only 1 of 45 operated patients died.
      Papillosphincterotomy is largely advocated in stenoses and concretions in the
      large duodenal papilla, strictures of choledocho-duodenoanastomoses, care should
      be taken not to overwiden indications to the operation concerned.

PMID- 973317
TI  - [Intestinal infarction].

PMID- 973316
TI  - [Postoperative complications in acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 973318
TI  - [Diagnosis of focal liver diseases].

PMID- 973319
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal mucinomatosis].

PMID- 973320
TI  - [Changes in carbohydrate metabolism and right ventricular blood pressure
      following experimental pulmonectomy].

PMID- 973321
TI  - [Early and late thrombosis following reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and
      major arteries].

PMID- 973322
TI  - [Percutaneous puncture catheterization of the superior vena cava through the
      subclavian vein].

PMID- 973323
TI  - [Closed injuries to the major vessels of the extremities].

PMID- 973324
TI  - [Secondary hemorrhage following trauma to the bones and soft tissues of the
      extremities].
AB  - An analysis of 16 cases of secondary hemorrhages in injuries of bones and soft
      tissues of the extremities is presented. The secondary hemorrhages occurred
      within the period from 16 hours to 27 days after the trauma. Angiographic study
      is a valuable adjunct for establishing the correct diagnosis. Arrosion of large
      arterial trunks was the adjunct for establishing the correct diagnosis. Arrosion
      of large arterial trunks was the basic cause of the secondary hemorrhage. In the
      prophylaxis of the latter a special importance is attached to a wide wound
      dissection in primary surgical treatment and to secure hemostasis, especially in
      the body portions having multilayer musculature.

PMID- 973325
TI  - [Fractures of the dens of the 2d cervical vertebra and their treatment].
AB  - Fractures of the dens axis make 10-15 per cent to all injuries of the cervical
      portion of the vertebral column. The potential danger of these injuries and
      difficulties of their treatment are conditioned by anatomo-functional features of
      this portion of the spine. The mechanism of fractures of the dens axis is not
      clear yet. Clinical manifestations of dens axis fractures are determined by the
      character and extent of its desplacement. Its diagnosis is somewhat difficult
      sometimes. Conservative therapy is not always a success. The existing methods of
      surgical treatment of dens axis fractures make it possible to gain the cure
      nearly in all cases.

PMID- 973326
TI  - [Treatment of intra-articular fractures of the condyles of the femur and tibia].

PMID- 973327
TI  - [Treatment of old supramalleolar fractures].

PMID- 973328
TI  - [Surgery before bringing out of shock following extensive injury to the
      extremities].

PMID- 973329
TI  - [Surgical treatment of severe calf injuries].

PMID- 973330
TI  - [Treatment of intestinal paresis in children].
AB  - In the paper, a clinical experience with treatment of intestinal paresis in 545
      children, aged from 1 day to 13 years, including 225 children operated upon for
      peritonitis is summarized. The authors differentiate 3 stages in the development
      of intestinal paresis depending on the degree of intensity of systemic and local
      disturbances. The employed methods of treatment in intestinal paresis were
      classified by the principle of their effect as 3 groups. Application of some or
      other method of the paresis therapy is determined by the stage of its
      development. In treatment of postoperative intestinal paresis a continuous
      peridural blockade is considered to be the method of choice. Utilization of the
      latter enabled the authors to reveal a number of postoperative complications:
      mechanic intestinal obstruction, incompetent anastomosis, etc.

PMID- 973331
TI  - [Compression fractures of the vertebrae in children].

PMID- 973332
TI  - [Varus deformity of the distal third of the humerus and the ulnar joint in
      children].

PMID- 973333
TI  - [Treatment of old dislocations of the radius in children].

PMID- 973334
TI  - [Recurrence of peptic ulcer].
AB  - In the paper, the causes, clinic and treatment in 15 patients with recurrent
      peptic ulcer after repeated operative procedures for duodenal ulcer are
      described. The main causes of the recurrence were as follows: the remaining of
      the mucous membrane of the antral gastric portion in Finsterer gastric resection
      for ulcer exclusion (5) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (10). The surgical therapy
      consisted in resection of the antral portion and repeated gastric resection (the
      first group) or in subtotal gastrectomy associated with trunk vagotomy (the
      second group).

PMID- 973335
TI  - [Leukocyte enzymes in children with suppurative processes in the lung].

PMID- 973336
TI  - [Transposition of the diaphragm for the purpose of replacing the residual cavity
      in children with chronic pleural empyema].

PMID- 973337
TI  - [State of the nervous system of the parietal peritoneum in children with
      appendicitis and peritonitis].

PMID- 973338
TI  - [Great retroperitoneal teratoma in an infant].

PMID- 973339
TI  - [Vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

PMID- 973340
TI  - [Adsorption behavior of type A and type B influenza viruses on aluminium
      hydroxide gel].

PMID- 973341
TI  - Virological study of some influenza outbreaks in the period January--March 1975.
AB  - The virological study of some influenza outbreaks recorded in Romania in the
      period Jnauary--March 1975 resulted in the isolation of 29 influenza A2 virus
      strains antigenically close to the strains A2/Port Chalmers 1/73 and A2/England
      42/72. The non-homogeneous antigenic structure of the isolates suggests the
      possible formation of natural hybrids.

PMID- 973342
TI  - Distribution of hepatitis B virus subtypes in Romania.
AB  - The higher incidence of HB8Ag/ayw (71%) in sera collected from acute viral
      hepatitis cases, as well as from patients with chronic active hepatitis, healthy
      carriers and blood donors of 20 Romanian counties emphasizes the local prevalence
      of the ayw determinant in our country.

PMID- 973343
TI  - Comparative study of cutaneous scars and HAI antibodies after smallpox
      revaccination.
AB  - The number and aspect of cutaneous scars and the HAI antibody titer were recorded
      in 154 20-21-year-old subjects before smallpox revaccination, 30 and 300 days
      afterwards. In 38.3% of the vaccinees there were no postvaccinal scars 300 days
      after revaccination, but the absence of residual scars did not necessarily
      indicate a failure of immunization, since the increase in mean HAI antibody titer
      was significant in most of the cases.

PMID- 973344
TI  - Viral hepatitis and ABO blood groups.

PMID- 973345
TI  - Isolation of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae strain from a patient with Stevens-Johnson
      syndrome.

PMID- 973346
TI  - Treatment and prevention of acute respiratory virus infections in children with
      leukocytic interferon.
AB  - Children with respiratory virus infections and healthy contacts were given
      leukocytic interferon (LIF) as treatment and prophylaxis. The results emphasize
      the effectiveness of the treatment when LIF was given on the 1st or 2nd day after
      onset of illness. In these cases the course was mild, of short duration and
      without complications. In children who did not receive LIF, the clinical course
      was more severe, the disease lasted longer, and complications were not uncommon.
      Prophylactic instillation of LIF succeeded in preventing the disease in 85.2% of
      the contacts; those who contracted the infection had a mild disease with
      insignificant complications. No allergic or intoxication phenomena were observed
      in children receiving LIF.

PMID- 973347
TI  - Investigations on the distribution of HBs antigen subtypes.
AB  - The study was performed in 2,054 sera collected from HBsAg-positive acute viral
      hepatitis (AVH) patients within the first days after onset. HBsAg were subtyped
      by immunodiffusion (it was possible to specify the antigenic subdeterminant in
      1,816 sera) and titrated by counterelectrophoresis. The results were analysed
      according to the territory and to the patients' sex and age. The overall ad:ay
      ratio was of 18:82 and zonal differences in subtype ratio were found. A marked
      predominance of male subjects (57%) among HBsAg-positive AVH patients was
      observed, especially in younger age groups. Half of the cases could be included
      in the age groups from 5 to 29 years. Higher ad:ay values were found at low
      antigen titers.

PMID- 973348
TI  - Hepatic artery ligation in liver trauma.

PMID- 973349
TI  - Closure of aorto-pulmonary window in infancy using cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 973350
TI  - Anomalies of the Circle of Willis in a Jamaican autopsy population.

PMID- 973351
TI  - Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) antibody status in St. Thomas, Jamaica, 1975.

PMID- 973352
TI  - The oral--hormone pregnancy test: possible association with anencephaly.

PMID- 973353
TI  - The possible usefulness of anti-cholinergic drugs in the treatment of the
      hyperkinetic syndrome in children: Part II.

PMID- 973354
TI  - Acute myasthenia gravis in pregnancy.

PMID- 973355
TI  - An analysis of infections and infestations in Dominica, West Indies.

PMID- 973356
TI  - A review of perinatal mortality with specific recommendations for reducing its
      high rate in developing countries.

PMID- 973357
TI  - Foetal loss in pregnant diabetic women.

PMID- 973358
TI  - [Acid-base balance studies in newborn infants with pneumonia].

PMID- 973359
TI  - [Changes in serum total protein and protein fraction level in patients following
      partial gastrectomy].

PMID- 973360
TI  - [Results of treatment of inguinal hernia].

PMID- 973361
TI  - [Genital and pelvic tumors as obstetric problems].

PMID- 973362
TI  - [Incarceration of adnexa in inguinal hernia].

PMID- 973363
TI  - [Effects of sulfur and nitrogen oxides on the human organism].

PMID- 973364
TI  - [Selected problems from the treatment of life-endangering conditions in
      children].

PMID- 973365
TI  - [Calcinosis: a connective tissue disease of unknown origin].

PMID- 973366
TI  - [Case of univentricular heart].

PMID- 973367
TI  - [Wallenberg-Nageotte-Babinski syndrome].

PMID- 973368
TI  - [Case of multiorgan abdominal injury].

PMID- 973369
TI  - [Case of extensive peptic jejunal ulcer].

PMID- 973370
TI  - [Case of ochronosis].

PMID- 973371
TI  - [Primary multiple neoplasms of the oral cavity, jaws and face].

PMID- 973372
TI  - [Evaluation of health care delivery].

PMID- 973373
TI  - [Traumatic cerebral thrombosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The observation of 6 patients with traumatic cerebral thrombosis following closed
      injury to the skull stimulated this compilation and review of the relevant
      literature on this subject. Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery and the
      vertebral artery head the list and do not only come about after blunt trauma to
      the neck, in which case traumatic aetiology is always thought of in conjunction
      with the appearance of appropriate neurological symptoms, but also arise from
      injuries to the skull. In the latter circumstances, the cerebral symptoms will
      usually be attributed to an epidural or subdural haematoma, particularly if there
      is a symptom-free period. This happens especially after minor injuries to the
      skull. In fact, traumatic thrombosis is seen less frequently than extracerebral
      haematomas, but is nevertheless repeatedly encountered owing to the great number
      of traffic accidents. Definitive diagnosis can be made only by angiography of the
      cerebral vessels, above all of the internal carotid artery. Similar to the
      prognosis of any disease caused by vascular occlusion, the prognosis as to the
      extent of recovery from the cerebral focal symptoms depends on the sufficiency of
      the collateral circulation, whereby surgical removal of the thrombus at the
      earliest possible moment appears to absolutely indicated.

PMID- 973374
TI  - [Thrombosis of the cerebral vessels following closed cranial trauma (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The case histories are presented of 6 patients, 5 of whom developed carotid
      artery thrombosis (the left vessel being affected in 4 cases and the right only
      in 1 case) following closed cranio-cerebral trauma; the 6th patient developed
      thrombosis of the posterior cerebral artery, as confirmed at autopsy. The factors
      involved in the aetiology of these events are discussed on the basis of the case
      reports.

PMID- 973375
TI  - [Angiographic disappearance of fibromuscular dysplasia of the carotid artery in
      childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the left carotid artery was diagnosed on the
      basis of the typical angiographic changes in a seven-year-old girl suffering from
      acute hemiplegia. A repeat angiography of both carotid and renal arteries 8
      months later revealed no pathological changes. The diagnosis of FMD of the
      carotid arteries is extemely difficult and requires a biopsy or repeat
      angiography for verification.

PMID- 973376
TI  - [Finger Microtremor--an experimental study (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper deals with the recording of finger microtremor using a self
      constructed apparatus (amplitudes 0.5 to 0.05 mm). 32 healthy subjects aged 7 to
      60 years were examined by means of a test set permitting the exact recording of
      the amplitudes and frequencies of the right middle finger movement. Special
      attention was given to the vertical plane of the tremor in order to permit more
      exact demonstration. Frequencies of 5 to 12 cps. were recorded, the mean
      frequency being 7.55+/-1.12 cps. The minimum amplitude was 0.02 and the maximum
      recorded amplitude amounted to 1.4 mm, with a mean amplitude of 0.12+/- 0.07 mm.
      No significant differences in amplitude or frequency were noted with respect to
      age or sex. This method is useful in the accurate quantitative assessment of
      every kind of tremor.

PMID- 973377
TI  - [Effect of Ouabain on cerebral blood flow (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of 0.25 mg ouabain on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in
      patients with and without cerebrovascular disease using the xenon clearance
      method. The 36 patients included in this study did not show any signs of heart
      failure. Ouabain increased the CBF and this effect was demonstrable 15, as well
      as 90 min. after administration. This effect was proven statistically using the t
      test for a comparison of the values with spontaneous changes in a control group
      without medication. The perfusion of pathologically-supplied brain regions was
      altered in the same way as the hemispheric flow; changes in the distribution of
      blood in the way of a steal effect were not observed. The haemodynamic parameters
      do not indicate a primary cardiac effect. Hence, an influence of ouabain on
      cerebral vessels might be responsible. The present results support reported
      clinical experience with ouabain for the treatment of patients with
      cerebrosvascular disease.

PMID- 973378
TI  - [Severe intoxication with leponex (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical picture and the therapeutic management of a severe case of self
      poisoning with Leponex (clozapin) are presented. In particular, the grave
      complications, their possible aetiology and the value of the administration of
      cortisone are discussed. Forced diuresis or haemodialysis are ineffective
      measures on account of the low serum concentrations of Leponex.

PMID- 973379
TI  - [Use of ultrasound methods in vascular and circulatory diseases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The paper summarizes the principles, techniques and efficiency of ultrasound
      methods as indicator systems in the assessment of the peripheral and cerebral
      arteries; our studies predominantly refer to the use of these simple, non
      invasive procedures in combination with sphygmo-oscillography and dynamographic
      circulation analysis, respectively. Ultrasound Doppler flowmetry (Pulse Doppler
      method), which permits relative measurements of the flow velocity in the
      peripheral haemodynamic regions, is of great importance in the rapid
      ascertainment of the patency of the major arterial trunks and the non-palpable
      vessels and also in the diagnosis, localization and follow-up control of stenoses
      and occlusions. Changes in the flow velocity due to organic or functional factors
      can be recorded by this method acoustically, oscilloscopically and graphically;
      measurements of the systolic blood pressure in the limb arteries by the Doppler
      technique provide semi-quantitative information in regard to the condition of the
      circulation. The registration of Doppler signals over the supra-orbital artery
      before and after compression of the superficial temporal artery and the common
      carotid artery has become established as a screening procedure for stenoses of
      the internal carotid artery. Ultrasound echography, which enables pulse
      registration and determination of vessel diameters, especially of the carotid
      siphon, can also be used for the detection of obstructions in the region of the
      internal carotid artery, as well as the vertebral artery.

PMID- 973380
TI  - [Blood pressure analysis by means of an ultrasonic blood pressure monitor during
      the course of rehabilitative treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - A statistic evaluation of the daily blood pressure values at rest during a 4-week
      period of active training combined with physiotherapy and medical baths indicated
      a decrease of 20 mm Bg in systolic pressure and of 9 mm Hg in diastolic pressure
      in patients with hypertension of various grades. The resting blood pressure shows
      a tendency to become normalized during the course of this therapy with phases of
      maximum negative decline. However, a standardized simple submaximla ergometric
      load test carried out weekly demonstrated that there were only minimal changes in
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure during exercise. In comparison with
      observations made in other spas, these results demonstrate a uniform reaction of
      the human organism to this particular form of irritative therapy independent of
      the particular features of the spas and the special constituents of the waters.

PMID- 973381
TI  - [A new antihypertensive imidazoline derivative (St 600, Fluoronidine): I.
      Haemodynamic investigations at rest and during exercise (author's transl)].
AB  - Treatment of 12 hypertensive patients with a new imidazoline derivative, St 600
      (1.5 to 12.0 mg daily over at least 7 days) resulted in a significant lowering of
      the blood pressure, mostly to normal values, parallelled by a reduced heart heart
      rate. A significant decrease in arterial resistance was observed at rest and
      during exercise in 6 of the patients, whereas a slight increase or no change was
      recorded in the remaining 6 patients. The changes in resistance in the pulmonary
      circulation were analogous to those in the systematic circulation for the 2
      groups, respectively. The latter half of the patients displayed a decrease in
      stroke volume, cardiac index and oxygen consumption. No negative inotropic effect
      was observed.

PMID- 973382
TI  - [The alcoholized pedestrian as victim of fatal traffic accidents (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The following results were obtained in an analysis of the road accidents which
      occurred in Vienna and its environs over the past ten years with a fatal outcome
      for the involved pedestrians: 39.3% of the pedestrains who died in an accident
      had a blood alcohol concentration of at least 0.8%, the average amounting to
      2.15%. As many as 60.2% of the male victims were alcoholized, whereas only 7.6%
      of the women were alcoholized. The female victims were mostly elderly, 86% being
      older than 60 years, whereas many of the male victims were middle-aged. These
      middle-aged male pedestrians were frequently drunk; among the men aged between 40
      and 49 the rate of alcoholization soared to 88%. The peak time of fatal traffic
      accidents involving alcoholized pedestrians lies in the hours before midnight.
      The number of pensioners among the sober victims is raised in comparison with the
      population rate, whilst an unexpectedly high percentage of unskilled workers
      found in the alcoholized group. In 7.6% of the alcoholized victime the autopsy
      revealed cirrhosis of the liver; 27.1% had fatty degeneration of the liver.
      Nearly as many female pedestrians met with a fatal road accident as males within
      the city boundaries. Accordingly, the percentage of alcoholized victims in the
      city (31.7%) is low compared with the rural areas, where about 60% of the victims
      had a blood alcohol concentration of at least 0.8%.

PMID- 973383
TI  - [Human urinary fluoride excretion at various ages (author's transl)].
AB  - 3 groups, each consisting of 5 subjects in the following age ranges (A 4 to 6
      years, B 25 to 45 years, C 60 to 70 years) were given fluoride in the form of a
      single dose of 6 mg. Fluoride excretion in the urine was subsequently
      investigated over a period of 24 hours. In a second experiment a daily dose of 6
      mg of F- was given to the 3 groups over a period of 10 days. The urinary
      excretion was determined in 24-hour urine samples. The results are presented in
      two figures. 1. A time drift in urinary fluoride excretion in the direction of
      delayed fluoride metabolism was seen in group C subjects. 2. A periodic increase
      in the urinary fluoride values was also seen in these elderly subjects,
      indicative of an altered regulatory mechanism.

PMID- 973384
TI  - [Fatal outcome of a case with calcifying alcoholic pancreatitis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A case report is presented of a 38-year-old alcoholic welfare patient. Drainage
      of a pancreatic abscess, which had to be repeated, pyloromyotomy, cholecystectomy
      and sphincterotomy were undertaken in 1972 at another hospital. He was admitted
      on the present occasion because of weight loss, severe attacks of pain and
      diabetes. At operation multiple necrotic areas were found in the pancreas, with
      many stones in the parenchymatous tissue and in the main pancreatic duct and one
      large stone close to the pailla acting like a valve. Sub-total
      duodenopancreatectomy, resection of the pyloric region of the stomach, retrocolic
      hepaticojejunostomy and gastroenteroanastomosis was performed. The postoperative
      recovery took place without complications. 5 days after discharge the patient
      died in a hypoglycaemic coma at another hospital. He had administered 400 U.
      insulin to himself whilst in a drunken state. A short description is given of the
      aetiology and pathogenesis of calcifying pancreatitis. The choice of the surgical
      technique depends on the operative findings and the aim of therapy. Attention is
      called to the increase in late mortality in patients with pancreatectomy who do
      not abstain from alcohol.

PMID- 973385
TI  - [The diagnosis of IgD-Myelomatosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Two patients with IgD-lambda myelomatosis are presented and the differential
      diagnosis is discussed. Typical features of this disease are the high incidence
      of Bence-Jones proteinuria, osteolytic lesions, amyloidosis and the predominance
      of male patients. Furthermore, an augmentation of serum IgD level to 165 mg% was
      observed in a 22-year-old female patient with presumed Coxsackie myocarditis. The
      theories in regard to IgD function are discussed.

PMID- 973386
TI  - [Blocking and binding antibodies to intrinsic factor and their behaviour during
      oral therapy with intrinsic factor-vitamin B 12 complex (author's transl)].
AB  - 13 patients with pernicious anaemia and 2 patients who had been subjected to
      total gastrectomy were treated orally with a hog instrinsic factor preparation
      (IF) for 1 to 4.5 years. During this therapy 11 of the patients with pernicious
      anaemia and both gastrectomized patients developed blocking and binding
      antibodies to IF. Antibodies already present before the commencement of therapy
      showed an increase in titre. All patients remained in complete haematological
      remission. The conclusion is drawn that circulating antibodies to IF do not play
      any significant role in the absorption of the hog IF-B 12 complex.

PMID- 973387
TI  - [A rapid direct latex agglutination test for HCG (author's transl)].
AB  - 792 urine samples from pregnant patients were investigated by a direct latex
      agglutination test (LA). Results of this slide test were compared with data
      derived from a haemagglutination inhibition test (HI). The same results were
      obtained by both pregnancy tests in 768 (96.7%) out of 792 urine samples. The
      pregnancy test was negative in 20 cases (2.5%) as assessed by HI, whereas a
      positive result was recorded with the LA in these cases. Seven were cases of
      early pregnancy and control tests performed by HI became positive at a later
      date. The remaining 13 (1.6%) of these patients belonged to a group of
      pathological pregnancies (missed abortion, threatened abortion, incomplete
      abortion and ectopic pregnancy). The slide test is more sensitive (1000 I.U.
      HCG/1 urine) than the HI (1500 I.U.HCG/1 urine). No false positive results were
      obtained with the LA; false negative results were registered in only 0.5% of
      cases. A semi-quantitative HCG determination was performed by means of the tube
      and slide test in 29 urine samples. However, agreement of the data by the two
      methods was relatively poor, owing to the higher sensitivity of the LA, with
      consequent inaccurate assessment of HCG excretion. Not much importance need be
      attached to this finding in view of the diagnostic and prognostic deficiencies of
      HCG determination. The new slide test was found to be a rapid, simple and
      accurate pregnancy test.

PMID- 973388
TI  - [Treatment of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis with D-penicillamine in progressive
      scleroderma: a long-term study (author's transl)].
AB  - 5 patients suffering from progressive scleroderma with interstitial pulmonary
      fibrosis have been treated since 1971 with D-penicillamine (Artamin) as basic
      therapeutic agent. All patients showed a significant tendency towards
      normalization of the pathological findings in regard to functional capacity of
      the lungs and scintigraphic and radiological assessment. These results, in our
      opinion, justify the recommendation of a new indication for D-penicillamine
      therapy, namely in cases of progressive scleroderma with interstitial pulmonary
      fibrosis.

PMID- 973389
TI  - [Xeroderma pigmentosum with normal excision-repair capacity and decreased U-V
      tolerance (author's transl)].
AB  - Unscheduled DNA synthesis was investigated in the peripheral lymphocytes of a 31
      year-old woman suffering from Xeroderma pigmentosum, clinically manifest since
      early childhood. The present data indicate a normal level of excision repair
      capacity, though U-V sensitivity was increased. The present case is considered to
      be a new variant of the syndrome Xeroderma pigmentosum, demonstrating once more
      its genetic heterogeneity. The question of a relationship between the observed
      data and the known occurrence of carcinoma in the light-exposed skin areas
      remains to be answered.

PMID- 973390
TI  - [The effect of vinblastine on DNA metabolism in turnover cells (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Studies on the effect of Vinblastine on normal and tumour cell show that semi
      conservative DNA synthesis correlates with the enzymatic activity of thymidine
      kinase. DNA repair investigations performed with Yoshida-Ascites cells indicate
      an inhibitory effect on the ligase system after Vinblastine treatment and gamma
      irradiation.

PMID- 973391
TI  - [Mosaic (Chimeric) animals: their experimental production and application
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A method introduced by Tarkowski permits the aggregation (mosaic-like fusion) of
      mammalian eggs in the early stages of division. In this paper, a modification of
      the Tarkowski method designed to create multiparental (mostly quadriparental)
      chimeric mice is discussed. The method described is simple, more practical and
      time-saving. The problems in analysing clonal processes of development in mammals
      and the mechanisms connected with sex differentiation and tumour development are
      discussed.

PMID- 973392
TI  - [Methods of blood-flow measurement in physiology and clinical medicine].

PMID- 973393
TI  - [Experiences in the modification of a faulty coordination between the heart and
      the arterial vascular system in patients with an excessive treatment-resistant
      hypertension using a cardiac pacemaker system].

PMID- 973394
TI  - [Problems in the regulation of blood circulation].

PMID- 973395
TI  - [Dynamic behavior of the cardiorespiratory system].

PMID- 973396
TI  - [Functional screening of the cardiorespiratory system].

PMID- 973397
TI  - [Diagnosis of viral infections].

PMID- 973398
TI  - [Experiences with a new radiopharmacon for perfusion-scintigraphy of the lung].

PMID- 973399
TI  - [Accidental vaccine (vaccinia translata)].

PMID- 973400
TI  - [Short-term treatment of trichomoniasis].

PMID- 973401
TI  - [Exhibitionism].

PMID- 973402
TI  - [Uremia due to renal artery stenosis].

PMID- 973403
TI  - "A-sounds" or "s-sounds" for doppler ultrasonic evaluation of pelvic vein
      thrombosis.

PMID- 973404
TI  - Superior vena cava syndrome due to mediastinal goiter.

PMID- 973405
TI  - [Circulation and metabolic data under ergometric stress in arterial occlusive
      diseases].

PMID- 973406
TI  - [Estrogen excretion in patients with peripheral atherosclerotic occlusive
      diseases].

PMID- 973407
TI  - Surgical exposure of the tibiofibular outflowtrack.

PMID- 973408
TI  - Temporary bypass grafts during surgery of the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 973409
TI  - [Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms combined with uni or bilateral renal
      artery stenosis].

PMID- 973410
TI  - [The atypical aortic coarctation with hypertension].

PMID- 973411
TI  - [Effect of isoxsuprine on blood viscosity].

PMID- 973412
TI  - [Femoral vein bypass by means of a cephalic vein graft].

PMID- 973413
TI  - [Aneurysm due to a patch necrosis after carotid artery bifurcation
      thrombendarterectomy].

PMID- 973414
TI  - [Amaurosis, a complication of vertebral artery angiography].

PMID- 973415
TI  - Prevention of thromboembolic disease in surgery.

PMID- 973416
TI  - [Measurement of the kidney blood supply and plasma renin determination in the
      diagnosis of renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 973417
TI  - Elastic compression in the prevention of venous thrombosis.

PMID- 973418
TI  - [Anticoagulation in vascular surgery].

PMID- 973419
TI  - [Studies on the endothelium of arterialized veins. II. Morphological findings in
      autologous venous implants of dogs].

PMID- 973420
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the kinking syndrome of the carotis interna].

PMID- 973421
TI  - [The problem of sealing of plastic blood vessel prostheses].

PMID- 973422
TI  - [Orthograde venous bypass in situ in femoropopliteal arterial occlusions].

PMID- 973423
TI  - [Modification of the spontaneous course of phlebothrombosis and of the results of
      its surgical treatment by changing hemodynamics (temporary arteriovenous fistula)
      an animal experimental study].

PMID- 973424
TI  - [Studies on the permeability of blood vessels in hemorrhagic shock].

PMID- 973425
TI  - [Immediate occlusions after arterial reconstructions in the femoro-popliteal
      region. (Reasons, possibilities for correction, prognosis)].

PMID- 973427
TI  - Clamping of atherasclerotic vessels.

PMID- 973426
TI  - [Modified dosage scheme for the subcutaneous use of arvin in patients with
      chronic arterial occlusive diseases].

PMID- 973428
TI  - [Lipid synthesis in normal and atherosclerotic human intima in vitro under the
      effect of pyridinolcarbamate].

PMID- 973429
TI  - Fourier analysis of the pulse wave in obliterating arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 973430
TI  - Glycemia and plasma IRI level after tolbutamide in hyposomatrophic dwarfs treated
      with HGH.
AB  - The insulinogenic function of the pancreatic islets was assessed by the use of
      tolbutamide stimulation in 25 children with hyposomatotrophic dwarfism (HSD). The
      authors suggest that the low insulin release and/or synthesis is responsible for
      slight growth response of these children to HGH treatment. There may also be a
      causative relation between this low insulin response and the tendency of children
      with HSD to develop diabetes after HGH treatment.

PMID- 973431
TI  - Nuclear RNA in the mouse spleen at the peak of primary immune response.
AB  - Electrophoretic studies on nuclear RNA extracted from the spleens of immunized
      mice are reported. RNA was extracted by the phenol-detergent procedure from the
      purified nuclei of spleen cells at the peak of primary immune response after a
      single immunization with sheep red blood cells. The kinetics of labeling in vivo
      with 32P-orthophosphate indicate an accelerated biosynthesis of the ribosomal RNA
      precursors, 28S, 18S, 5S and 4S fractions of nuclear RNA in the spleens of
      immunized mice.

PMID- 973432
TI  - Cytoplasmic RNA in the mouse spleen at the peak of primary immune response.
AB  - Results of studies on the synthesis of different fractions of cytoplasmic RNA in
      the spleens of immunized mice at the peak of primary immune response are
      reported. RNA was extracted by the phenol-detergent procedure from the cytoplasm
      of spleen cells of mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. The kinetics of
      labeling in vivo with 32P-orthophosphate indicate an accelerated biosynthesis and
      transport from nucleus to cytoplasm of 28S, 18S and 4S fractions of RNA.

PMID- 973433
TI  - Attempt at simplification of the rosette -- inhibition test for routine use in
      patients under immunosuppressive therapy.
AB  - Three hundred thirty three specimens of diluted sera from 69 patients under
      immunosuppressive therapy were tested for their ability to inhibit rosetting of
      normal human lymphocytes with SRBC. Statistical analysis of the results of the
      rosette-inhibition test have shown that there is a relationship of second degree
      between the inhibition index value and the dilution of serum. This relationship
      allowed to establish a formula for calculation of the theoretical titer (TT) from
      one arbitrally chosen dilution of serum. The results of empirical verification of
      the method are highly satisfactory. The theoretical and empirical titers of 23
      tested sera were statistically identical. The proposed method shortens sixfold
      the time of testing.

PMID- 973434
TI  - [The influence of atmospheric gases on growth and toxin production of
      sterigmatocystin-and patulin-producing molds (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of one-and two-sided regulated atmospheres with lower 02-and
      increased CO2-concentrations in comparison with air was studied on the growth and
      toxin-production of 4 different mycotoxin-producing molds (A. versicolor, P.
      expansum, P. urticae, B. nivea). Low O2-values in the atmosphere (2-0.5%) had
      scarely an influence on the development and toxinproduction in different nutrient
      media after 14 d at 25 degrees C. Only higher CO2-and lower O2-concentrations
      than that of the air (e.g. 40% CO2, 6% O2) reduced the sterigmatocystin-and
      patulin-production in nearly all cultures, whereas growth was only retarded
      insignificantly. Atmospheres with 90% CO2 and 10% air as well nitrogen
      atmospheres with 10% CO2 inhibited remarkably the growth of molds and prevented
      the toxin-production of nearly all strains. In pure N2-atmospheres most of the A.
      versicolor strains exhibited growth with toxic mycelia whereas only minimum
      growth of the patulin-producing species without any patulin synthesis had been
      observed.

PMID- 973435
TI  - [Investigations of Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1 in milk and milk products
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The method proposed by the Federal Department of Health for the determination of
      aflatoxin B1,B2,G1, and G2 was tested for additional determination of aflatoxin
      M1. With relatively small changes of the original method, all aflatoxins
      including. B1, B2,G1,g2, and M1 can be determined quantitatively in milk, milk
      powder, butter, cheese, quark, cream, yoghurt and fruit yoghurt.

PMID- 973436
TI  - Interaction of aflatoxin B1 with some biologically important substances.
AB  - The interaction of aflatoxin B1 with a number of biologically important
      substances has been investigated by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric
      techniques. The ultra-violet absorption of tryptophan, adenosine, RNA and DNA
      were altered by the addition of aflatoxin B1. Some amino-acids, purine and
      pyrimidine derivatives, bovine-serum albumin and DNA quenched the fluorescence of
      aflatoxin B1. Fluorescence polarization data suggested that the interaction of
      aflatoxin B1 with bovine-serum albumin was stronger than that with DNA.

PMID- 973437
TI  - Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus by
      citrus oils.
AB  - Aspergillus parasiticus was inoculated into grapefruit juice and a glucose-yeast
      extract medium; both contained 500-7000 ppm of citrus oils that were incorporated
      into the media by sonication. Orange and lemon oil were more inhibitory to mold
      growth and aflatoxin production than was dlimonene, the main constituent of the
      two peel oils. After 7 days at 28 degrees C, 2000 ppm of lemon and 3000 ppm of
      orange oil in grapefruit juice afforded maximum suppression of mold growth and
      toxin formation. When the glucose-yeast extract medium was used, 3000 ppm of
      either oil were needed to achieve the same result. After 4 days at 28 degrees C,
      orange oil at 3500 ppm in either medium markedly inhibited mold growth (as
      evidenced by dry weight of mold mycelium) and aflatoxin production (only 14 and
      1% of the amount normally produced in the juice and artificial medium,
      respectively). Higher concentrations of orange oil further reduced mold growth
      and aflatoxin production and also delayed the onset of sporulation, if it
      occurred. Although aflatoxin was detected in all samples, only 0.2 to 0.5% of the
      amount found in controls (without the citrus oil) was present when the medium
      contained 7000 ppm orange oil. The mold consistently grew, albeit very poorly, on
      the glass at the liquid-atmosphere interface even when the substrate contained a
      large amount of citrus oil.

PMID- 973438
TI  - [Breakdown of linoeic acid hydroperoxydes. Formation of volatile carbonyl
      compounds (author's transl)].
AB  - Linoleic acid hydroperoxydes (LOOH) containing 13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-(75%)
      and 9-hydroperoxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (25%) were emulsified at pH 6.5.
      After addition of hemoglobin, ferrous ions, ferric ions, cysteine or ascorbic
      acid the emulsions were stored 19 hours at 22 degrees C. The decrease in the
      diene and peroxyde concentrations and the formation of volatile carbonyl
      compounds were analysed. Ferrous ions and ascorbic acid were the strongest
      producers of volatile carbonyl compounds. In the presence of 10(-3) Mol ascorbic
      acid 6 mumol volatile aldehydes arise from 75 mumol LOOH. Hexanal (70 mol-%) was
      the main component of the aldehyde fraction. For plant foodstuffs the
      significance of the reaction of fatty acids hydroperoxydes with ascorbic acid for
      the formation of flavour substances is discussed.

PMID- 973439
TI  - [On the occurence of isopeptide bonds in heated milk protein (author's transl)].
AB  - Milk, milk products and individual milk proteins were subjected to different heat
      treatments either as powders or in aquous systems. After complete hydrolysis of
      the peptide bonds (alpha-amide bonds) by a system of four proteinases or
      peptidases, respectively, the samples were analysed for isopeptides. For this
      purpose, two chromatographic ion exchange systems were developed, each of which
      separates Nepsilon-(beta-aspartyl-)lysine (Asp Lys) as well as Nepsilon-(gamma
      glutamyl-)lysine (Glu Lys) from the common amino acids. In samples, heated 24 h
      for at least 120 degrees C, 2-5% of the lysine residues are incorporated in Glu
      Lys-bonds. Under the heating conditions used in dairy practice, no isopeptide
      bonds were formed.

PMID- 973440
TI  - [Relations between structure and bitter taste of amino acids and peptides. II.
      Peptides and their derivatives (author's transl)].
AB  - About 80 peptides and their derivatives were tested for bitter taste. The taste
      thresholds are in the range of 70-80 muMol/ml (Gly-Val) to 0.01-0.02 muMol/ml
      (Bacitracin). They are dependent on nature and number of the side chains and on
      the hydrophobicity of the whole molecule. An estimation of the taste thresholds
      of all di-and tripeptides with known amino acid composition is possible on the
      basis of their hydrophobicity. As could be shown recently for bitter amino acids,
      a polar (electrophilic) and a hydrophobic group are essential requirements for
      bitter peptides also. This model corresponds to all sensory results, e.g. to the
      bitter taste of all hydrophobic peptides independent on their sequence and
      configuration and to the sweet taste of L-aspartyl dipeptide esters.

PMID- 973441
TI  - The aroma of cloudberries (rubus chamaemorus L.).
AB  - The volatile components of cloudberries (Rubus chamaemorus L.) have been analysed
      by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and about 80 components, comprising
      93% of the aroma concentrate, have been identified. The aroma of cloudberries is
      characterised by the presence of aromatic compounds, which constitute about 53%
      of the essential oil. The content of terpenes is only 1.5%. Percentage
      concentrations of the main components are given.

PMID- 973442
TI  - [Copper, manganese, and zinc contents in the whole body and in individual parts
      of veal calves at different weights (author's transl)].
AB  - In a comparative slaughter experiment the copper, manganese and zinc contents in
      different organ and tissue samples of veal calves at different weights were
      determined by whole body analyses. For all three trace elements, a decrease of
      their concentration with increasing age could be observed in the individual parts
      (blood, adipose tissue, innards, meat, bones) and in the whole body. During the
      fattening period of 12 weeks the concentrations in the dry matter of the whole
      body decreased from 12 ppm to 5 ppm copper (P less than 0.001), from 3.5 ppm to
      1.6 ppm manganese (P less than 0.05) and from 127 ppm to 69 ppm zinc (P less than
      0.05). In the present experiment the animals retained an average of 20 to 22% of
      the copper intake and about 20% of the manganese intake over the entire feeding
      period. Zinc was utilized at the extent of 40 to 43%. For the edible parts of the
      whole body the following coefficients of utilization were obtained: Cu = 10%, Mn
      = 7%, Zn = 30%.

PMID- 973443
TI  - A chemical assay method for the determination of aflatoxin residues in animal
      tissues.
AB  - A method is presented for the determination of aflatoxins in animal tissues. It
      consists of extraction of aflatoxins from the sample with methanol, treatment of
      the residue with a mixture of dimethoxymethane-methanol (4+1) to further
      precipitate proteins, evaporation of dimethoxymethane followed by a liquid-liquid
      defatting with hexane and heating of the methanol-water mixture before the
      transfer of aflatoxins into chloroform. Chloroform extracts are further purified
      by silica gel--acidic alumina--anhydrous sodium sulfate column chromatography.

PMID- 973444
TI  - [The characteristics of wheat grains. I. Exterior characteristics of the wheat
      grains as criterion of a type estimation (author's transl)].
AB  - Typical characteristics of the wheat types Kranich, Kormoran, Kolibri, Diplomat,
      Benno, Huntsman were worked out and a method for their fast estimation was
      developed. The characteristics of the different types were drawn in lines. Their
      usefulness for the estimation of wheat types out of a grain mixture of pure wheat
      types of unknown age and origin were successfully tested.

PMID- 973445
TI  - [Flavonols and flavones of vegetables. VII. Flavonols of leek, chive and garlic
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Green leaves of leek and chive mainly contain kaempferol glycosides, with mono-
      and di-glycosides dominating in leek and di- and tri-glycosides in chive. In leek
      glucose is dominant as sugar component compared to xylose; in chive we found
      glucose and galactose. Kaempferol-3-beta-D-glucoside and kaempferol-3-xylosyl
      beta-D-glucoside were isolated from leek and the 3-beta-D-glucosides of
      kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin as by-glycosides from chive. In leek
      traces of quercetin-3-glucoside were identified by tlc, but no spiraeoside
      (quercetin-4'-glucoside) could be detected in the two species. The bulbs of
      garlic and leek contain only few milligram of glycosides of kaempferol and
      quercetin per kg fresh weight.

PMID- 973446
TI  - Spectrophotometric method for determining the pigment content of ground paprika.
AB  - A rapid and reliable method has been developed for determining the red, yellow
      and total pigment contents of ground paprika.

PMID- 973447
TI  - [Gaschromatographical determination of diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-pentanedione in
      wine (author's transl)].
AB  - The determination of diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione and acetoin was performed in two
      steps. Diacetyl and 2.3-pentanedione were driven off with gaseous nitrogen at 60
      degrees C and collected in ice cooled methanol. The quantitative
      gaschromatographical determination follows after directly injecting this solution
      into the gas chromatograph employing an electron capture detector which indicates
      selectively the vicinale diketones. In a second experiment acetoin was determined
      by a differential method after oxidizing acetoin to diacetyl. The investigation
      of 57 German white wines of various vintages, varieties and quality classes
      yielded the following results: Diacetyl: Limits of variability (V) = 0.08-3.40
      mg/l, average amount (M) = 0.42 mg/l; 2.3-pentanedione: V = 0.02-0.36 mg/l, M =
      0.10 mg/l; Acetoin: V = 1.9-31.7 mg/l, M = 5.9 mg/l. No differences could be
      observed with regard to the various quality classes. In 20 red vines of various
      European origines the following amounts were observed: Diacetyl: V = 0.26-4.06
      mg/l, M = 1.46 mg/l; 2.3-pentanedione: V = 0.08-0.88 mg/l, M = 0.25 mg/l;
      Acetoin: V = 5.9-38.2 mg/l, M = 15.0 mg/l. For a rule the red wines show
      considerable higher contents of diacetyl, 2.3-pentanedione and acetoin than the
      white wines.

PMID- 973448
TI  - [Reaction of dihydroxyacetone with methylammoniumacetate. Studies on the maillard
      reaction. X. (author's transl)].
AB  - By heating dihydroxyacetone and methylammoniumacetate in aqueous solution, a
      deeply brown coloured reaction mixture is obtained. The products extractable with
      methylenechlorid were separated. Several heterocyclic compounds (1-30) could be
      identified.

PMID- 973449
TI  - Formation of odorous compounds from hydrogen sulphide and 2-butenal.
AB  - Strongly odorous compounds may be formed upon addition of hydrogen sulphide to
      unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction between hydrogen sulphide and 2
      butenal was studied, and the characteristics of the flavour, the structure and
      some of the physical chemical characteristics of the reaction products were
      determined. The influence of the pH on the type of components formed in dilute
      aqueous solution was investigated.

PMID- 973450
TI  - [Polarografic determination of saccharin in beverages and foods (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A method for polarografic determination of saccharin in beverages and foods is
      described. Saccharin is extracted from an acid medium, after clean up with petr.
      ether, with aether-petr. aether (30/70). Minimum doses which can be
      quantitatively determined are 5 ppm of saccharin.

PMID- 973451
TI  - The detection of chicken meat in meat products by means of the anserine/carnosine
      ratio.
AB  - A distinctive difference was found between the ratio of the anserine and
      carnosine contents (a/c ratio) in beef or pork and of that in chicken/meat. The
      a/c ratio for beef varies between 0.06-0.2 and for pork between 0.02-0.1 but for
      chicken meat can reach values as high as 2.2-5.5. The high a/c ratio for chicken
      meat proved to be sufficient to detect this ingredient at a 5% level in both
      cooked pork products and 1:1 beef-pork mixtures, this being independent of the
      heat treatment. The a/c ratio should be considered to be a suitable parameter for
      the presence of chicken meat in meat products.

PMID- 973452
TI  - [Lead- and cadmium-content of foodstuffs. 2. Lead- and cadmium-content of
      commercially prepared soups (authors transl)].
AB  - The lead and cadmium contents in 30 commercially prepared soup products (soup
      powders and cubes) of several producers were determined. The average lead value
      was 0.28 ppm. 29 samples contained between 0,095 ppm and 0.45 ppm, whereas in 1
      product 1.4 ppm was found. The average cadmium concentration in 21 products was
      0.025 ppm (highest value 0.052 ppm). In the other samples cadmium was not found
      (less than 0.004 ppm Cd).

PMID- 973453
TI  - [Formation of pyridone derivates from maltose and lactose. XII. Investigations on
      the Maillard-reaction (authors transl)].
AB  - Maltose and lactose react with methylammoniumacetate in a hot aqueous solution
      giving a dark brown mixture of products. 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (5)
      can be isolated from the volatile compounds. Maltol and Isomaltol can be
      converted into the pyridone 5 with methylammoniumacetate. 1-Carboxymethyl-3
      hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyridone is obtained from isomaltol and glycine.

PMID- 973454
TI  - [The phenolics of fruits. VIII. Changes in flavonol concentrations during fruit
      development (authors transl)].
AB  - In black currants the contents of quercetin- and especially of myricetin
      glycosides increased during ripeness very considerably. The myricetin level in
      ripe fruits of cultivated blueberries and the quercetin level in ripe berries of
      privet was higher than in unripe. However, the concentrations of kaempferol and
      quercetin glycosides were in most of the fruits (e.g. red and white currants,
      sour cherries, plums, cultivated blueberries, elderberries) smaller than in
      unripe fruits. Anthocyanin formation is therefore not combined with an
      accumulation of flavonols (perhaps with the exception of myricetin).

PMID- 973455
TI  - [Flavonols and flavones of vegetables. VI. On the changes of the flavonols of
      onions (authors transl)].
AB  - The epidermis of onion scales exclusively contains glucosides of quercetin as
      flavonols, while the dry outer skins contain quercetin in the free state mainly.
      First spiraeoside (quercetin-4'-glucoside) is built; the formation of
      diglucosides follows during storage and increases continously. The mesophyll
      appears to be free of flavonols. The flavonol concentration decreases from the
      outer to the inner scales, with higher levels in the outer than in the inner
      epidermis. In the green leaves the flavonol synthesis is light-dependent and also
      kaempferol glucosides are formed beside quercetin glucosides, but not spiraeoside
      and the known diglucosides of the scales. During drying on the field an
      accumulation of flavonols takes place in the drying leaves. This production is
      associated with the formation of free quercetin and spiraeoside, but not of free
      kaempferol.

PMID- 973456
TI  - [Studies of coffee and coffee-substitute. XVIII. Dependence of the quantity and
      composition of a high polymer galactomannan on the coffee species and degree of
      roasting (authors transl)].
AB  - It is possible to determine quantitatively with satisfactory accuracy the
      galactomannan which is precipitated in coffee brew after addition of Fehling
      solution. The content of polysaccharides in the extracts increases with the
      degree of roasting. Galactomannan makes up 6.6 to 12.7% of the dry matter of the
      extracts and 1.8 to 4.4% of that of roast coffee. It consists mainly of mannan,
      to a much smaller degree of galactan. Often there are traces of glucan. The
      content of mannan increases with the degree of roasting while that of galactan
      decreases very rapidly.

PMID- 973457
TI  - [Sensory and chemical changes of dried foods under the influence of extreme
      storage conditions. 3. Chemical changes (authors transl)].
AB  - The content of free amino acids and free fatty acids of dried infant foods is
      clearly decreasing during the storage under extreme conditions, whilst the
      percentage composition of the fatty acids in the triglycerides remains nearly
      unchanged. The content of hydroxymethylfurfural is connected with the sensory
      changes. For the single foods as well a high increase as a strong decrease of the
      HMF-content can be combined with distinct sensory changes. The vitamin C-content
      decreases during the storage, the permeability of the packing material for oxygen
      and water vapor has an unfavourable effect. Furthermore the pH-value of the
      investigated products is lowered during the storage period.

PMID- 973458
TI  - [Sensory and chemical changes of dried foods under the influence of extreme
      storage conditions. 4. Flavor compounds (authors transl)].
AB  - From dried infant foods stored under extreme conditions aroma compounds have been
      isolated analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results has
      been, that during the storage long chain aliphatic aldehydes are newly formed.-
      It is scarcely possible to attach the investigated chemical parameters (content
      of ascorbic acid, free amino acids and free fatty acids, hydroxymethylfurfural,
      pH-value) for the investigated products to a sensory impression.

PMID- 973459
TI  - Reaction of hydrogen sulphide with 2-alkenals.
AB  - Depending on the types of solvent and catalyst, different products are formed in
      the reaction of hydrogen sulphide with 2-alkenals. The structures of many of
      these products have been elucidated, and the reaction sequences leading to them
      are proposed.

PMID- 973460
TI  - Formation of a derivative of aflatoxin B1 on a sephadex column with a 1% aqueous
      solution of methanol.
AB  - A PARTIAL SEPARATION OF AFLATOXINS B1 and B2 on a Sephadex column with a 1%
      aqueous solution of methanol as mobile phase was achieved. The chromatographic
      system is, however, not neutral for aflatoxin B1. During elution a derivative-
      probably aflatoxin B1 hemiacetal-is produced. The derivative forms blue
      fluorescent spots on Adsorbosil-1 plates with Rf 0.15 when developed in
      chloroform/acetone (90 + 10).

PMID- 973461
TI  - [On the occurrence of proanthocyanidins, leucoanthocyanidins and catechins in
      vegetables (author's transl)].
AB  - 22 species of vegetables grown in Germany were investigated and only rhubarb
      contained (+)-catechin besides traces of (-)-epicatechin. The catechin
      concentrations were lower in the stalks than in the leaves and decreased during
      plant growth. Proanthocyanidins (dimers and oligomers of polyhydroxy-flavan-3
      ols) were only found in the testa of broad beans, beans, and peas with coloured
      flowers, and in rhubarb stalks. Leucoanthocyanidins (polyhydroxy-flavan-3,4
      diols) could not be found in any vegetable.

PMID- 973462
TI  - [GLC-mass-spectrometrical investigation of the volatile components of wines. VI.
      Aroma compounds of Tokaj aszu wines. a) Neutral compounds (author's transl)].
AB  - The aroma compounds of Tokaj aszu-wines (1963, 5-butt. and 1973, 6-butt.) have
      been enriched by liquid-liquid extraction (pentane-methylenchloride 2 + 1) and
      compared with the aroma substances of a magyar Furmint wine (1973). After the
      separation of the acids and after the fractionation of the aroma extracts on
      silicagel 119 aroma components have been identified in the neutral fractions by
      means of the combination gaschromatography--mass spectrometry. Concerning the
      volatile constituents relatively high concentrations of furfural, 5-methyl
      furfural, acetoin, different acetals, the ethyl esters of keto-, hydroxy- and
      dicarbonic acids and the lack of terpenic compounds are characteristic of the
      aszu wines. Quantitative differences depending on the vintages and the conditions
      of storage have been determined; particularly the concentrations of the acetales
      depend on the age of the wines.

PMID- 973463
TI  - [On the metabolism of amino acids by lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The changes in the concentrations of amino acids in the culture medium of lactic
      acid bacteria were determined by ion exchange chromatography after growth of 105
      strains that were mainly isolated from wine. After growth of lactic acid bacteria
      a small but not significant decrease in the concentration of most amino acids is
      observed. There is apparently no difference between essential or not essential
      amino acids. Certain bacterial strains decompose the amino acids arginine,
      glutamic acid, histidine, and tyrosine completely. Other amino acids
      (tryptophane, aspartic acid, threonine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine) are only
      partially metabolized. Among 28 strains of Pediococcus cerevisiae only one strain
      was able to decarboxylate histidine to histamine. This was the only strain found
      to have this ability. Several strains of Lactobacillus brevis were able to form 4
      aminobutyric acid and ornithine from glutamic acid and arginine respectively.

PMID- 973464
TI  - Nonenzymic browning. XV. Effect of unsaturation on browning reactions of oxidized
      lipids with protein.
AB  - The amount of pigments produced by interaction of oxidized lipids with albumin
      and the intensity of coloration increase with increasing degree of unsaturation
      of the lipid fraction.

PMID- 973465
TI  - [Disc-electrophoresis of the water-soluble proteins of some wheat varieties
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The method described allows a reliable detection of the variety Kranich out of 9
      varieties investigated within 5 h.

PMID- 973466
TI  - [Cycloalkylsulfamic acids and their salts. V. (author's transl)].
AB  - 3-Methyl-4-thia-cyclohexylsulfamic acid was synthesized, the degree of sweetness
      of its sodium salt was measured, and compared with that of the sodium salts of 3
      methyl-cyclohexylsulfamic acid, 4-thia-cyclohexylsulfamic acid, and
      cyclohexylsulfamic acid.

PMID- 973467
TI  - [The evaluation of test panel members with the tetrade-test. Short notice to the
      contribution of Miller, Schmidt and Wildbrett (author's transl)].
AB  - For the application of the tetrade-test in the evaluation of sensory test panel
      members some principles are mentioned and some interpretations are given.

PMID- 973468
TI  - [Rehabilitation after an electrical accident].

PMID- 973469
TI  - [Late results of surgically and conservatively treated humerus head and
      subcapital humerus fractures].

PMID- 973470
TI  - [Biomechanics of the spine with special reference to its shape].

PMID- 973471
TI  - [The modified Trillat surgical method in habitual shoulder luxation].

PMID- 973472
TI  - [Results of various treatment methods in acromio-clavicular luxations].

PMID- 973473
TI  - [The open tibia head fracture, its osteosynthesis and late results].

PMID- 973474
TI  - [The conservative treatment of humerus neck and head fractures].

PMID- 973475
TI  - [Simple measuring method for the calculation of the biomechanical forces of the
      neck muscles].

PMID- 973476
TI  - [Accidents in agriculture].

PMID- 973477
TI  - [Worker protection by maximum allowable concentration (MAC)].

PMID- 973478
TI  - [Reconstruction of the tibial plateau].

PMID- 973479
TI  - [The problem of treating breast cancer by limited surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of radical mastectomy in treating cancer of the breast has been
      questioned by some authors. With regard to the results published and on the basis
      of our own experiences limited operations without or with additional radiotherapy
      cannot be considered to be reliable procedures at present: it is only possible to
      approximately equal results by a strict case selection. With special cases such
      as in-situ carcinoma or small well defined cancers with beginning infiltration
      being expected there is no real basis for the indication to limited surgery in a
      single case. With the increase of small prognostically favourable cancers and
      border-line cases due to improvement of early detection more attention should be
      devoted to the problem of treating breast cancer by limited operations.

PMID- 973480
TI  - [Cholesteatosis of gallbladder (author's transl)].
AB  - 741 cholecystektomies were examined for cholesterosis. In 92% gallstones were
      present and in 8% there were no stones. Cholesterosis of the gallbladder was
      found in 0,9% of 4417 autopsies. It was combined with gallstones in 25% and in
      75% it was not. There was no difference concerning the clinical symptoms between
      cholesterosis with and without stones in the surgical patients. Cholesterosis
      without stone presented the same picture as gallstones. In the autopsy material
      however no typical symptoms could be found indicating either cholesterosis with
      gallstones or without. In the histological examination 80,5% of the cases with
      gallstones in the surgical and autopsy group had inflammatory changes of the
      gallbladder wall whereas only 22% of the cases with stoneless cholesterosis
      showed these alterations. Fibrosis of the gallbladder wall however was found in
      86,1% in cases with cholesterosis without stones and in 88% in cases with stones.
      From these findings the conclusion is made that cholesterosis is no well defined
      disease. Clinical symptoms seem to appear only when other factors, such as
      stones, inflammation or functional disturbances probably because of fibrosis of
      the wall, become manifest in addition.

PMID- 973481
TI  - [Frequency of carcinoma in a medium-sized country-hospital (author's transl)].
AB  - The author tried to give a broad survey of the cases of carcinoma in a medium
      sized hospital during a certain period. The research included the following
      criteria: frequency, distribution regarding sex and age, localisation of
      carcinoma, histology, therapeutical methods, kind of metastasia and survival
      time. The 5 most frequent cases of carcinoma were more closely investigated in
      detail. The importance of a more intensified early diagnosis of carcinoma for
      keeping the rate of inoperable cases low is stressed.

PMID- 973482
TI  - [Surgery using Reilly's method in the treatment of diverticulosis].

PMID- 973483
TI  - [Errors in the study of coincidence of diseases].

PMID- 973484
TI  - [Surgical treatment of malignoma in the single kidney].

PMID- 973485
TI  - [Cryogenic surgery in proctology--especially in the treatment of hemorrhoids].

PMID- 973486
TI  - [Thumb-saddle-joint dislocation--a typical ski-injury].

PMID- 973487
TI  - [Severe trans-thoracic impalement injury].

PMID- 973488
TI  - [The neutral-zero-method].

PMID- 973489
TI  - [Treatment of fractures using the wire-traction-belting osteosynthesis].

PMID- 973490
TI  - [The frequency of physiologic vaginal bleeding of newborn infants].
AB  - A study of 350 newborn girls revealed vaginal (uterine) bleeding in 25,4%, mostly
      demonstrable only by chemical micro-methods, but also macroscopically visible in
      3,3%. This kind of bleeding appears always in the first week, with its highest
      frequency on the 5th day of life and must be regarded as a physiologic event.
      Analogous histologic and cytologic controls confirmed these observations,
      pointing toward the fact that, as a rule, no menstrual withdrawal bleeding, but
      degenerative, regressional changes upon the endometrium occur. Due to the rapid
      withdrawal of maternal hormones, nutritive disorders may lead also to diapedesis
      bleeding. But if any genital bleeding lasts longer than one week or appears for
      the first time after that period, further diagnostic procedures are essential as
      a possible pathologic condition may be assumed.

PMID- 973491
TI  - [The kinetics of sulfamerazine (Mebacid) and the effect of sulfamerazine therapy
      on p-aminohippuric acid clearance in pregnancy].
AB  - Elimination half-life of Sulfamerazin (Mebacid) was not different in pregnant and
      non-pregnant women after a single oral dose and after 11 days repeated
      administration in therapeutic dosis. The initial concentrations of Sulfamerazin
      are lower in pregnants than in non-pregnants. Elimination half-life of p
      aminohippurate (PAH) is shortened by Sulfamerazin-pretreatment, renal excretion
      of PAH is increased respectively.

PMID- 973492
TI  - [A central fetal monitoring system in the labor room].
AB  - Report about central obstetrical monitoring system (Biomonitor Kombinat VEB
      Messgeratewerk Zwonitz). The following bed-side monitors have been used: BMT-504
      (Kombinat V-B Messgeratewerk Zwonitz), HP 8020 A (Hewlett Packard), FM-3
      (Kranzbuhler). The FECG and CTG or other fetal, maternal and neonatal functions
      from six single obstetrical rooms have been registrated in a central work room by
      means of a 6-channel-recorder (6-NEK-4) and a 6-channel-scope (USG-101). The
      mother and newborn can be supervised by means of television. This central fetal
      monitoring system gives the following advantages. There is no disturbance of the
      patient because the recording and warning events takes place in a central work
      room. The service of the recorders and scopes is simplified. The room-saving
      arrangement of bed-side monitors on instrument brackets. Recorders and instrument
      trolleys have been spared. Preparation of CTG computer analysis. The continuous
      cardiotocography of all labors (2000/year) by means of the central fetal
      monitoring has been realized with two midwifes and one physician around the
      clock. The installation of a fetal central monitoring system is for
      reconstruction or construction of obstetrical departments to take in
      consideration.

PMID- 973493
TI  - [The significance of fetal electroencephalography for the diagnosis of fetal
      disorders].
AB  - In typical cardiotocographic and bloodgasanalytic changes indicating fetal
      hypoxia the fetal electroencephalography shows frequency slowing, voltage
      suppression and spike activity. This EEG tracings simultaneously appeared with
      first cardiotocographic signs of fetal distress. It was not possible to recognize
      disturbances of fetal oxygenation in an earlier stage by EEG monitoring. Fetal
      EEG is of difficult technique and interpretation. In so far cardiotocography is
      of higher security, sensibility and easier handling for fetal monitoring. With
      regard to future improvements in electroencephalographic techniques it seems
      possible to get additional and more accurate informations for fetal monitoring
      and about perinatal morbidity.

PMID- 973494
TI  - [Comparative studies of the value of impulse-reception methods of prenatal
      cardiotocography].
AB  - 102 pregnant womens have been controlled by means of the various three methods of
      the antenatal CTG (phonocardiography, ultrasonography and indirect fetal ECG)
      between the 22th to 41th week. The registered time for each method was ten
      minutes. Between the 27th to 33th week of the pregnancy the ultrasonography gives
      the best results. The phonocardiography gives after the 32th week, especially
      after the 37th week, increasing technical unobjectionable tachograms. There was a
      good tachografic performans between the 22th to 27th week and after the 35th week
      by means of indirect fetal ECG. Between the 27th and 34th week this method
      refuses. The interpretation of indirect fetal ECG or phonocardiotocography, if
      they are possible, shows clear advantages in antenatal diagnostic of fetal
      condition.

PMID- 973495
TI  - [Extreme antepartum fetal tachycardia].
AB  - On the occasion of a case with fetal paroxysmal tachykardia a synopsis is given
      on former observations of extreme fetal tachycardias ante-partum. Here is our
      conclusion: Even extreme and long lasting tachycardias alone are not an
      indication of operative delivery.

PMID- 973496
TI  - [Immunogenicity of antigen bound with RNA and lysosomal fractions of the
      macrophages of rabbits with electrocoagulated posterior hypothalamus].

PMID- 973497
TI  - [Role of the cerebellum in regulation of the activity of certain metalloproteins
      and the amount of coupled microelements].

PMID- 973498
TI  - [Antithrombin activity of blood in experimental extrahepatic cholestasis].

PMID- 973499
TI  - [Study of the resistance of rabbits immunized with combined vaccines to Brucella
      culture].

PMID- 973500
TI  - [Dynamics of restoration of blood supply in the crushed skeletal-muscle
      autotransplant].

PMID- 973501
TI  - [Effect of thyrotoxicosis on the adrenal cortex function after immunization].

PMID- 973502
TI  - [Effect of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene on the culture of hamster and mouse
      embryonal tissue].

PMID- 973503
TI  - [Change in the neocortex of cat brain at the late period after unilateral
      destruction of the sensory node of the trigeminal nerve].

PMID- 973504
TI  - [Reproductive function and sex maturation in rats of 3 generations born to
      mothers with chloroprene poisoning].

PMID- 973505
TI  - [Study of preventive properties of blood serum in patients with dysentery treated
      with oletetrin combined with methyluracil or pentoxyl].

PMID- 973506
TI  - [Protein metabolism in acute leukemia in relation to treatment].

PMID- 973507
TI  - [Indicators of acid-base equilibrium of blood in full-term, premature and over
      mature fetuses and newborn infants in different types of uterine inertia].

PMID- 973508
TI  - [Correction of acid-base equilibrium as a therapeutic factor in dust-induced
      diseases].

PMID- 973509
TI  - [Certain disorders of sex life in alcoholics].

PMID- 973510
TI  - [Case of latent calcified hepatic echinococcosis].

PMID- 973511
TI  - [Agonal coma in stroke].
AB  - The author describes the clinical symptomatology of coma depasse in 19 patients
      with severe forms of brain strokes. Artificial pulmonary ventilation was
      performed until cardic arrest. The longest time of dissociated life of the
      organism in strokes was 5 days. Spinal automatisms were seen in 9 cases. Some
      possibilities of unreversible disintegration of separate structures in the CNS in
      different periods of coma depasse (and in some cases prior to its development)
      are discussed.

PMID- 973512
TI  - [Semiologic, biochemical and electrophysiologic analysis of the stages of
      apopleptic coma].
AB  - The paper contains some results of a comprehensive clinical, biochemical and
      electrophysiological study of 120 patients with different stages of an apoplectic
      coma. The authors studied the gas content, acid-base balance of the cranial blood
      inflow and outflow in the CSF and changes of EEG and EMG. It was shown that there
      were different levels of CNS lesions (cortico-subcortical, meso-diencephalic,
      meso-pontile and bulbar level) which corresponded to certain correlations between
      clinical, biochemical, EEG and EMG findings. The authors describe a
      classificational scheme of 4 stages of an apopletic coma. Special significance in
      the pathogenesis of a coma along with structural lesions in the different areas
      of the CNS is attached to metabolic disturbances and extracerebral factors
      (respiratory and circulatory disorders).

PMID- 973513
TI  - [Psychopathologic symptomatology and its prognostic value in the acute period of
      right hemisphere strokes].
AB  - In order to evaluate the possible psychopathological symptomatology the authors
      analyzed the results of a clinico-dynamical observation of 176 patients in the
      acute period of a stroke. Among 128 patients with the right hemisphere
      localization of the focus (the main group) in 60 cases (47%) there were revealed
      psychopathological symptoms whereas in the control group (48 cases) with left
      hemispheric foci only 2 patients (4.2%) such disturbances were noted. The main
      expressions of psychopathological syndromes in patients with lesions of the right
      hemisphere were anosognosia, certain emotional reactions in the form of euphoria,
      a drop in purposeful activity, motor and mental aspontanity and specific
      confabulatory disorders. The qualitative and quantitative specificity of
      psychopathological syndromes in focal vascular lesions of the right hemisphere is
      supplementary material for further deep studies of the functional asymmetry of
      the brain hemispheres.

PMID- 973514
TI  - [Ambulatory treatment with anticoagulents in the prevention of cerebral
      ischemia].
AB  - The degree of effectiveness of preventive therapy with anticoagulants, following
      brain infarctions and in the stage of transient disorderd brain ciruclation, was
      studied in comparison with the frequency of repeated ischemic disorders in 166
      patients, and in a control group of 138 normals. During permanent administration
      of anticoagulants repeated ischemic episodes appeared less frequently than with
      other forms of medication. However, there was an increased amount of ischemic
      disorders after a discontinuation of the preparations. The most expressed signs
      of such conditions were in patients with repeated brain infarctions in a low
      arterial pressure and especially in the stage of transient disorders of brain
      circulation. In such cases the indications for the use of anticoagulants should
      be very limited.

PMID- 973515
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a stroke with an aphasic syndrome].
AB  - A total of 70 patients with aphasic syndromes following a cerebral stroke were
      treated in a neurological department, a polyclinic and at home. The main diseases
      which led to the brain stroke were hypertensive disease and general
      atherosclerosis. The aphasic disturbances were due to hemorrhagic strokes in 19
      patients and ischemic-in 51 patients. Training of speech rehabilitation began
      from the end of the first and the beginning of the second week after the stroke.
      The inclusion of logopedic lessons into the general complex of restorative
      therapy, a continuity in conditions of a hospital and a polyclinic, a possibility
      of a dynamical observation of the patients, dispensarization-all these measures
      according to the authors' opinion are important and necessary for rehabilitation
      of the patients who had strokes with the aphasic syndrome.

PMID- 973516
TI  - [Lipoprotein metabolism disorders in hypertension with a cerebral syndrome and
      their diagnostic value for medico-occupational expertise].
AB  - On the basis of a profound clinico-biochemical study of 182 patients with
      hypertensive disease the authors established that the development of chronic
      insufficiency of cerebral circulation in this disorder is accompanied by
      quantitative and physico-chemical changes in the lipoprotein metabolism. These
      indices do not change significantly following short sessions of heparinotherpy
      and comprehensive treatment. Their diagnostical significance for medico
      occupational examinations is discussed.

PMID- 973517
TI  - [Age and features of adrenal cortical function in cerebral circulatory
      disorders].
AB  - The indices of glucocorticoid and androgen activity in the adrenal cortex (the
      level of circulating eosinophils, the daily urine excretion of 17 OCS and 17 CS)
      and the functional reserve after an ACTH loading was studied in 2 groups of
      patients with disorders of cerebral circulation under 45 years of age (247 cases)
      and over 55 (234 cases). In the acute period of a cerebral stroke there was an
      increase of the glucocorticoid activity which was more definitely expressed in
      the younger group and a certain inhibition of the androgen function seen mainly
      in the older group. In transient disorders of cerebral circulation significant
      age difference in the functioning of the adrenal cortex was not established. In
      the period following a stroke the established and potential reserves of the
      adrenocortical glands were distinctly decreased in patients above 55 years and
      practically unchanged in the younger group.

PMID- 973518
TI  - [Electroencephalographic characteristics of cerebral atherosclerosis in patients
      of different ages].
AB  - On the basis of clinical and EEG studies of 500 patients from the age of 45-105
      with diffuse cerebral atherosclerosis the author comes to the following
      conclusion. With an intensification of atherosclerosis there is an increase of
      alpha-rhythm disorganization, a slowing down of the frequency, a drop in the
      amplitude and index of alpha-rhythms, a decrease in the electrical brain
      reactivity with an increase of delta-and theta-waves. It is shown that the EEG
      changes are to a greater extent determined by the severity of cerebral
      atherosclerosis than by age factors. Normal variants of the EEG in patients with
      expressed atherosclerosis is conditioned by the compensatory intactness of the
      cortico-subcortical systems generating these rhythms.

PMID- 973519
TI  - [Cerebral and general hemodynamics in elderly patients with cerebral circulatory
      disorders].
AB  - The report is concerned with clinico-electrophysiological study of 112 patients
      of middle and old age with disorders of brain circulation. The obtained results
      depicting a cardio-vascular insufficiency were mainly seen in patients over 70
      years of age. Changes of the heart activity negatively influenced the state of
      brain circulation. In the pathogenesis of cerebro-vascular changes especially in
      elderly and senile patients of special importance is cardiovascular
      insufficiency.

PMID- 973520
TI  - [Effect of papaverine on cerebrospinal fluid and blood acid-base balance in
      patients with vascular diseases of the brain].
AB  - The authors studied the acid-base balance of the CSF, arterial and venous blood
      in patients with disorders of cerebral circulation by Astrup's method. An
      analysis of the obtained results detected a certain correlation between the
      dynamics of clinical signs and changes in the concentration of H ions in the CSF.
      THese indices may point to connections between the cerebral circulation and
      changes in the concentration of H ions in the CSF under the influence of
      papaverine.

PMID- 973521
TI  - [Efficacy of transecting the anterior scalene muscle in the scalenus anticus
      syndrome (syndrome of the scalene muscle)].
AB  - The authors observed 111 cases with the anterior scalenus syndrome. Ninety-three
      patients underwent surgical treatment. Acknowledging the predominant role of the
      anterior scalenus muscle in the pathogenesis of this disorder the authors
      performed scalenotomia. In the group of patients with a noncomplicated
      development of the disease (48 cases) the operation appeared to be effective in
      93.7% of the cases, while in vascular complications (45 cases) the effectiveness
      of the operation was significantly reduced. A positive result in these cases was
      attained only in 51.1%. On the basis of these data the authors come to the
      conclusion that scalenotomia performed in the initial, noncomplicated stages of
      the disease is a good prophylactic measure for severe complications in the
      magistral vessels and is an effective method of treatment of the scalenus-anticus
      syndrome.

PMID- 973522
TI  - [Cerebral bioelectrical activity in the families of persons with long life
      spans].

PMID- 973523
TI  - [Confabulation in atrophic and vascular disease of old age (clinico
      psychopathologic findings)].
AB  - The paper is concerned with a study of confabulation seen in 95 patients. A
      gradual development of the confabulatory syndrome (from mnemonic confabulations
      to ecmnestic) was seen in senile dementia (5 cases) and in its combination with
      vascular atherosclerosis (61 cases). An acute development of confabulations (with
      a prevalence of mnemonic false reminiscence over ecmnestic) was seen in cerebral
      atherosclerosis (9 cases). Rudimentary ecmnestic confabulations, without mnemonic
      were seen in Alzheimer's disease (20 cases). The author established a certain
      correlation between ecmnestic confabulations and disturbances of fixation,
      between mnemonic confabulations and disorders of selective reproductivity,
      between their expressiveness and emotional liveliness and the degree of
      actualization of the past events. In a complacent-euphoric and anxiety affect the
      confabulations were spontaneous and were accompanied by psuedoactivity. In
      depressive states they were fragmentary and were detected only in response to
      questions. Aphatic disorders and the severity of dementia influence the mnestic
      confabulations making them poorer and incomplete.

PMID- 973524
TI  - [Morphologic basis of psychoses associated with vascular and senile pathology].
AB  - The paper deals with a study of 100 patients diagnosed as combined senile and
      vascular psychoses. It is marked that in classical cases of such combinations the
      disorder has 3 stages. On the first stage there is a predominance of vascular
      pathology. After 60 years of age (the second stage) the senile sumptomatology
      disguises many symptoms of vascular lesions. The third stage is characterized by
      a vascular catastrophe. In many cases of combined psychoses there may be
      complications of other somatic pathology and mainly of lung and liver disorders.

PMID- 973525
TI  - [Korsakoff syndrome of traumatic genesis (development, structure, course)].
AB  - The conducted study of the development and structure of the Korsakoff syndrome of
      a traumatic origin shows that the syndrome has its own regularities of
      development. An analysis of its course demonstrates an expressed development of
      sequalae due to brain injuries. The evaluation of the Korsakoff syndrome and its
      components permits to predict at the initial phase of its appearance the clinical
      outcome and consequently the tactics of treatment and possible social
      readaptation.

PMID- 973526
TI  - [Dynamics of the dementia syndrome].
AB  - The author discusses some modern problems concerning the clinical pictures of
      dementia which have a certain theoretical and practical significance. The paper
      contains some results related to the dynamics of syndromes in acquired dementia
      and of the most frequently seen variants in the development of such conditions.
      The possibility of diagnosing dementia corresponding to the phases of mental
      disorders are discussed. The dynamics  of dementia syndromes are considered from
      the point of view of their nosological specificity.

PMID- 973527
TI  - [Mental disorders in meningiomas of the olfactory fossa].
AB  - In 19 patients with meningiomas of the olfactory fossa the author established a
      certain development of the psychopathological symptomatology. First of all
      asthenia ensues, eventually a complacent mood with an underestimation of the
      severity of the disease and an emotional crudeness is seen. These disorders are
      gradually substituted by euphoric dementia with a tendency towards foolish jokes,
      anosognosia of the disease, severe intellectual disorders and a desintegration of
      the "personality nuclei" with desinhibited drives. The intellectual disorders are
      expressed not in formal disturbances (logic operations), but in insufficient goal
      directness and uncritical thinking.

PMID- 973528
TI  - [Clinical picture and dynamics of psychopathologic disorders in subacute leuko
      and panencephalitis].
AB  - The report contains the results of clinico-dynamic studies of mental disorders in
      patients with Schilder's leukoencephalitis and subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis after van-Bogart. The authors come to the conclusion that only
      parallel comparisons of the psychopathological symptomatology with focal
      neurological signs and a simultaneous study of the EEG and other paraclinical
      indices may facilitate the differential diagnosis of encephalitis.

PMID- 973529
TI  - [Direction of the clinical pathomorphosis of alcoholic delirium].
AB  - An examination of 348 patients with alcoholic delirium permitted to detect the
      main directions in the evolutional variability of the clinical picture. The
      authors distinguished 3 types in the development of a delirium: short-term with a
      complete and incomplete (abortive) variant; typical delirium with mono-and
      polymorphic structure of the syndrome; a protracted development in the form of a
      severe psychoses of a complex structure and a sluggish protracted variant with an
      obliviated symptomatology.

PMID- 973530
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of psychopathologic changes induced by medicinal anti
      epileptic therapy].
AB  - On the basis of 48 clinical observations the authors describe some
      psychopathological changes due to certain anticonvulsive drugs used in the
      treatment of epilepsy (phenobarbital with diphenin or hexamindin, phenobarbital
      with finlepsin and bensodiazepine). The report contains an analysis of the causes
      leading to complications: a relative and absolute overdosage, a negative and
      positive interference of drugs.

PMID- 973531
TI  - [Interaction of psychotropic and anticonvulsive drugs].
AB  - Experiments on rats of the Wistar strain has  shown that preliminary repeated
      introduction of phenobarbitals and chlordiazepoxide weakens the pharmacological
      effect of medications, increases the liver weight and the protein content, RNA, R
      450 cytochrome, accelerates the oxidation of substrates, but to a higher degree
      of hexobarbital. Aminazine and mellipramine do not significantly influence these
      indices changing, however, the affinity of R-450 cytochrome to different
      substrates and the speed of their oxidation.

PMID- 973532
TI  - [Pathogenetic basis for treating and preventing transient cerebral circulatory
      disorders (review)].

PMID- 973533
TI  - [The problem of involutional psychosis (regarding the article by E. Ia.
      Shternberg].

PMID- 973534
TI  - [Several remarks regarding the article by Ts. P. Korolenko and V. G. Kolpakov,
      "Considerations on the evolutionary-biological aspect of the problem of
      endogenous psychoses"].

PMID- 973535
TI  - Studies on the oogonial cycle in Puntius ticto (Ham.) I. Formation of primary
      oocytes.
AB  - Histologically, the ovary of Puntius ticto (Ham.) is covered with three layers,
      namely peritoneum, tunica albuginea and germinal epithelium. The last two give
      rise to the ovigerous nests in the ovocoel. The new crop of oocytes is either
      derived from the germ cells present in the ovigerous nests, or from the
      epithelium of the outer wall of the ovary, or from the epithelium of the
      ovigerous folds.

PMID- 973536
TI  - The arterial supply of the urinary bladder.
AB  - (1) The urachal artery has a primary origin from the umbilical artery itself, and
      is at first bilateral. (2) The arterial pattern in newborn infants is not
      identical to that of adults. Obliteration of the umbilical artery in older
      infants carries with it obliteration of some of its branches, especially at their
      origin from its distal part, with a resulting change in arterial pattern. (3) The
      middle vesicle artery is a fairly constant branch of the umbilical artery,
      supplying the bladder neck and the front of the bladder above the neck. (4) The
      urachal and middle vesicle arteries, when unilateral, occur with equal frequency
      on both sides. (5) The anastomosis between superior vesical and inferior
      episgastric arteries was confirmed in the subperitoneal tissues, but was very
      rare in the wall of the bladder, occurring only when an abnormal obturator artery
      was the source of a superior vesical branch. (6) The constancy of the vesiculo
      deferential artery is confirmed.

PMID- 973537
TI  - Cholinergic innervation of vessels of the base of the brain.
AB  - Distribution and activity of acetylcholinesterase in the intramural nerve
      apparatus of vessels of the base of the bran have been studied with the
      histochemical method of Koelle-Gomori. On the whole, 268 arteries have been
      examined. The activity of the ferment is detected in the effector nerve fibers in
      the wall of all cerebral vessels constituting the system of the circle of Willis.
      The periarterial nerve apparatus of cerebral arteries of the anterior and
      posterior regions of the circle of Willis consists of two cholinergic plexuses -
      superficial and deep plexus forming a multilayered neural cover. The terminal
      parts of cholinergic nerve fibres at the border with the muscular coat show a
      granular structure. Moreover, nerve cells rich in active ferment are found in the
      cholinergic plexuses. Difference in the character of cholinergic innervation of
      vessels of the internal carotid and the vertebrobasilar region has been shown.
      The obtained data indicate that the vessels of the circle of Willis possess a
      reliable cholinergic system of nerve regulation which along with other systems,
      such as that of adrenergic nerve fibers, maintains the homeostasis of the
      cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 973538
TI  - Observations on the effects of alpha-chlorhydrin on the testes and pituitary
      gonadotrophs of gerbil (Meriones hurrianae) and rat.
AB  - (1) Lower doses of alpha-chlorhydrin caused high selectivity of lesions in the
      seminiferous tubule of rat and gerbil. (2) The seminiferous epithelium became
      systematically depleted of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and finally
      spermatozoa in this sequence. (3) The suppression of RNA concentration in the
      testes and seminal vesicle is conspicuous. (4) The growth of androgen-dependent
      organs, i.e. seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, epididymes and perineal complex,
      is suppressed. (5) These effects are reversible. Repopulation of testis tubules
      occurs followed by a 40-day recovery period in rat and gerbil. (6) alpha
      Chlorhydrin administration brings about hypertrophy of pituitary gonadotrophs
      which is also reflected in the increased basophilic cell percentage (control:
      15.5% alpha-chlorhydrin: 21.5%; p less than 0.01).

PMID- 973539
TI  - Wool follicle characteristics in the Awassi fat-tailed sheep.
AB  - In Awassi sheep, the total number of wool follicles per square millimetre was
      affected significantly by age, sex, and type of birth. The density of the primary
      follicles was only significantly affected by age and type of birth. The secondary
      follicles to primary follicles (S/P) ratio values were 2.0 at birth, 4.0 at 2
      months and 4.2 at 6 months of age, in Awassi sheep. The males exceeded the
      females, in most ages of the experiment. The single lambs surpassed the twins in
      the S/P ratio values. The effect of age and type of birth on the S/P ratio was
      highly significant. The external diameter of wool follicles increased with higher
      values at 2 months of age than afterwards, till 6 months of age. The contrary was
      the case in the internal diameters of wool follicles. The increase was higher in
      the primary than in the secondary follicles, during the period of the study. The
      males surpassed, in general, the females in the values of the external and
      internal diameters of the primary and secondary follicles. Single lambs showed
      higher values than twins in the external and internal diameters of primary and
      secondary follicles in most ages of the experiment. Age and type of birth
      affected significantly the diameters of follicles, while sex effect was only
      highly significant on the external diameter of the secondary follicles. The
      length of the primary and secondary follicles and the thickness of skin increased
      significantly, as the animals grew older. Sex showed no significant effect on the
      length of follicles, while it affected significantly the thickness of the skin.
      Single lambs showed higher significant values than twins, in length of follicles
      and skin thickness. The bulbs of each of the primary and secondary follicles
      increased significantly, as the animals grew older. Sex had no significant effect
      on the bulb diameters of the two types of follicles. The single lambs surpassed
      the twins in the values for follicle bulb diameter, in most ages of the
      experiment. The effect of the type of birth on the bulb diameter of the two types
      of follicles was highly significant.

PMID- 973540
TI  - The action of the hind limb musculature of the dog in walking.
AB  - This study was performed by means of cinephotography and electromyography. The
      results were correlated with earlier investigations concerning the forces exerted
      by the pads of walking dogs. A concept about the action of individual muscles of
      the hind limb during a stride was formed. The principal conclusions are: (1) The
      hamstrings are divisible into a cranial and a caudal group, the first consisting
      of the cranial parts of the M. biceps femoris and M. semimembranosus, the second
      of the caudal parts of these muscles, together with the M. semitendinosus. The
      chief function of both groups is to extend the hip; the caudal group also flexes
      the stifle. (2) Activity is present in the greatest number of muscle s during the
      change in the sense of movement of the limb. (3) During the last stages of the
      stance phase the number of muscles showing electrical activity diminishes, while
      the force exerted by the pads in a horizontal direction increases. Non-muscular
      forces, e.g. inertia, play an important role during movement.

PMID- 973541
TI  - Adaptive differences in the body proportions of large felids.
AB  - Body proportions of eight species of large felids were studied and the
      relationship between their morphology, habitat structure and habitat utilization
      was analyzed. Both Panthera onca and Neofelis nebulosa are exclusive forest
      dwellers (found exclusively in high densly structured habitats). These felids
      have the relatively shortest anterior limbs and lumbar spine. In addition, P.
      onca has the relatively shortest posterior limbs of the large felids, while the
      posterior limbs of N. nebulosa are relatively long when compared with those of P.
      onca which seems to be an adaptation for jumping. All large fields use the
      anterior limbs to make primary contact with their prey. In addition, the prey
      taken by the forest fields can exceed their own body weight. On the other hand,
      the cheetah is found in low structured habitats (savanna), and it has the
      relatively longest limbs and lumbarspine of the large felids. But the cheetah's
      prey usually weigh less than its own body weight. The cheetah also employs a
      'rapid pursuit phase' in hunting and is capable of overtaking its prey. The lion,
      however, was found to have the body proportions of a forest felid, yet it also
      resides in low structured habitats. It is postulated that the utilization of
      large prey by the lion limits the possibilities for morphological adaptations for
      speed. To increase hunting efficiency, reproductive success, and territorial
      defense on the plains, lions form prides.

PMID- 973542
TI  - Experimentally induced osteoarthrosis in the temporomandibular joint of the
      mouse.
AB  - (1) 6-week-old ICR mice were injected daily with pharmacologic doses of
      triamcinolone diacetate (1.5 mg/kg body weight) for 8 consecutive weeks. (2) The
      temporomandibular joint served as a model for histological and histochemical
      examinations concerning the effect of glucocorticoid hormone upon bone and
      cartilage. (3) Histochemical reactions indicated a large number of lipid droplets
      within the peripheral vasculature. (4) Histological examinations revealed
      pathologic features, indicative of primary osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 973543
TI  - [Aneurysm at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors analyse 14 cases of aneurysm occurring at the point of bifurcation of
      the internal carotid artery into the middle and anterior cerebral arteries.
      Distinguishing features of this aneurysm are often its fairly large size and
      extensive implantation on the artery. Clinical symptoms are not specific but
      various neurological signs are frequent. The bifurcation of the carotid artery is
      not always readily visible; oblique views and angiotomography are often
      necessary. Owing to the usual severity of the natural evolution of this type of
      aneurysm (death in six out of eight cases), surgical treatment is advisable.
      Ligation of the carotid artery is disadvised because of the unpredictable nature
      of its results (further fatal haemorrhage in one out of three cases).

PMID- 973544
TI  - The arterial angioarchitecture in lacunar state.
AB  - The statistical data, obtained in seventy five brains with lacunar state, show
      that the lenticular nuclei and the periventricular arterial end-and borderzones
      are the main seats of the infarcts. In teen brains the relationship between the
      deep arterial angioarchitecture and the location of thirty lacunes is studied by
      means of the translucidation technique after filling the arterial system with a
      colloidal barium sulphate solution. The deep perforating arteries are poorly
      filled and show several narrowings and post-stenotic dilatations. In twenty-four
      lacunes, an occlusion of the responsible artery is found. In the six remaining
      lacunes, no occlusion of the main artery is observed but the side-branches are
      not demonstrated. The significance of these findings and the relationship between
      the location of the occlusion and the topography of the lacune are discussed.

PMID- 973545
TI  - Periodic electroencephalographic compleses and subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis. A case report and a survey of literature.
AB  - The authors report the case of a child with a presumable diagnosis of subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). But pathological examination of the brain
      showed only a moderate neuronal loss in the cortical and subcortical grey matter.
      From this case and from the data in the literature it is concluded that the
      electroencephalogram in stage II of SSPE is characterized by the appearance of
      paroxysmal wave complexes which recur pseudo-periodically against a disorganized
      basic activity. The criteria for these complexes are not as strict and the
      periodicity is not as regular as formerly believed. Such a tracing is not
      pathognomonic of SSPE and may also occur-although rarely-in other brain diseases.
      The theory that the periodic discharges originate from a diffuse alteration of
      cortical and subcortical grey matter seems the most plausible.

PMID- 973546
TI  - [Periodic discharges observed in a cerebral vascular accident (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report a case of cerebral softening in which almost entirely
      unilateral periodic discharges were observed. They consisted of isolated high
      voltage spiked waves predominating distinctly on the side of the lesion. The
      interval between spikes was always 2-3 seconds. The origin of these signs is
      discussed. The fact that they are not necessarily related to an infectious or
      metabolic disease is underlined.

PMID- 973547
TI  - [Programmed rehabilitation of a case of agraphia (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe a programmed method of rehabilitation suitable for patients
      with writing disorders resulting from cerebral lesions. The use of a visual
      display screen permits differential display and the immediate correction of
      errors. The application of the method is illustrated in the case of a patient
      with aphasic agraphia, and its general utility is briefly discussed in relation
      to the nature of various graphic disorders.

PMID- 973548
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy and rapidly developing proximal myotonic amyotrophy in an athlete
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report the clinical history of a young athlete who, without any
      notable family antecedents, developed cardiomyopathy followed by proximal
      anyotrophy at the age of 24 years. The electromyogram revealed frequent myotonic
      salves and a typically myogenic tracing. The autopsy showed substantial
      generalized cardiac enlargement and marked atrophy of the muscle fibres in the
      girdles, together with grouping of the nuclei into hyperchromatic clusters. The
      reported case thus shows some characteristics of Steinet's disease and others of
      non-dystrophic myotonia (Becker, 1964) but cannot be classified as either of
      these diseases.

PMID- 973549
TI  - The influence of prostaglandin E2 on the electroencephalogram of normal subjects
      and epileptic patients.
AB  - In 1973 R.C. Lyneham and others warned against the possible epileptogenic effect
      of prostaglandins. We studied the influence of this substance on the
      electroencephalogram of 53 subject (31 non-epileptics and 22 epileptics) before
      and during the administration of PG E2. Forty-eight tracings remained unchanged,
      four showed a slight improvement and one showed some worsening during infusion of
      PG E2. One patient, suffering from daily psychomotor attacks had, accidentally a
      fit during the trial. It can be concluded that PG E2 does not alter the
      electroencephalogram in a significant way and that it does not induce epileptic
      seizures.

PMID- 973550
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid shunt in cases of dementia (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors distinguish between two evolutive forms of dementia, one being
      chracterized by prpgressive deterioration (for instance in the course of
      arteriopathic, degenerative or infections processes) and the other in which
      dementia sets in after the clinical picture has improved (for instance after
      meningeal haemorrhage, craniocerebral injury, endocrinous, metabolic or
      circulatory disorders, etc.). Ventricular drainage (according to Pudenz-Heyer)
      was performed in 20 patients presenting dementia: the results were favourable in
      the seven patients presenting dementia: the results were favourable in the seven
      patients presenting the first evolutive form and in almost all 13 patients
      presenting the second form. The pathogenic problems.

PMID- 973551
TI  - Total 5-hydroxyindoles in blood related to migraine attacks.
AB  - The total 5-hydroxyindoles (5HI) in whole blood were measured in 20 migraine
      patients during spontaneous migraine attacks and in headache-free periods. A
      statistically significant fall in blood 5-HI was found during headache in 17
      patients suffering from classical and common migraine. In one patient with
      complicated migraine no change was found, and in two patients, one with common
      migraine and one with migraine and associated symptoms, there was a rise in total
      blood 5-HI during migraine attacks. The results are compared with previous
      findings in this field, and it is suggested that during migraine attacks there
      might be a rise in the plasma 5-HI. The possibility of using the 5-HI fall during
      spontaneous migraine attacks as a simple test for the diagnosis of migraine is
      discussed.

PMID- 973552
TI  - Arginine esterase in cerebrospinal fluid and pro-arginine esterase in plasma from
      patients with migraine.
AB  - Estimates of prekallikrein levels in plasma specimens from patients with migraine
      and from healthy individuals were obtained by determining the benzoyl-arginine
      ethyl ester (BAEe) esterase activities developed on activation with kaolin, as
      suggested by Costerase level- 'n the patients and in the control material, and
      kinetic data provided no evidence of a difference in inhibitor levels. Only very
      low BAEe esterase activity was registered in samples of cerebrospinal fluid
      obtained from the patients and no significant difference between attacks and free
      intervals was detected. When citrated EDTA-treated plasma was activated with
      acetone-incubated normal plasma containing prekallikrein activator (factor XIIf),
      no significant difference in BAEe esterase activity was noticed between plasma
      from the patients and that from the control persons. When, however, citrated
      plasma without EDTA  was used, a significantly higher peak level of esterase
      activity was registered in the patient plasma. This observation might suggest the
      presence of a factor positioned between active factor XII and prekallikrein, and
      present in higher amounts in plasma from patients with migraine than in healthy
      individuals.

PMID- 973553
TI  - A prospective study of parapareses in western Sweden.
AB  - As a consequence of a WHO inquiry about possible complications to poliomyelitis
      immunization, a prospective incidence study was performed during 1971 in the
      western region of Sweden, in order to obtain data relevant to the inactivated
      vaccine used here. After rejection of surgical and secondary cases, the study
      consisted of 10 Guillain-Barre cases, three incipient MS cases, two infectious
      and one probably vascular case. By using a procedure of retrospective controls it
      was demonstrated that the efficiency of prospective case ascertainment is
      dependent on diagnosis. The incidence of de novo parapareses as defined was
      approximately 1.7/100,000/year of which 1.0/100,000/year was due to MS. CSF and
      virological investigations were performed early in prospective cases, in MS cases
      within 5 to 11 days after onset, and it was shown that no changes occurred in
      later CF titrations. Routine virological tests did not contribute to diagnosis in
      patients having paraparesis. No vaccine-associated cases of paraparesis occurred
      during the 1-year period of the study.

PMID- 973554
TI  - Epileptic seizures in women related to plasma estrogen and progesterone during
      the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Nine periods in seven women with partial epilepsy have been invetigated with
      respect to frequency of fits, and estrogen-progesterone levels in blood plasma.
      Six cycles with ovulation showed a positive correlation between the number of
      secondary generalized seizures and the mean estrogen/progesterone (E/P) ratios
      and a negative correlation to plasma progesterone levels. Three periods without
      ovulation showed an increase in the number of fits during days of high estrogen.
      The number of fits seemed not to be correlated to changes in body weight.

PMID- 973555
TI  - Electroencephalographic examination of 50 women with Turner's syndrome.
AB  - An EEG study has been made of 50 women with Turner's syndrome, 39 found outside
      institutions and 11 in institutions for the mentally retarded. We found
      paroxysmal EEG abnormalities in 23 per cent of the former and in 55 per cent of
      the latter. We found indications of occipital lobe defects in the mentally
      retarded Turner women.

PMID- 973556
TI  - A longitudinal study on antibodies to measles and rubella viruses in patients
      with multiple sclerosis. A preliminary report.

PMID- 973557
TI  - Cerebral blood flow changes in cluster headache.
AB  - Serial cerebral blood flow studies performed by the intra-carotid 133Xenon method
      were fortuitously determined during the course of a cluster headache in a 32 year
      old man. The initial study was performed about 10 min after the headache began
      and showed values at the upper limit of normal. Twenty min after the headache
      started a second procedure showed that the autoregulatory response on
      hyperventilation was normal. Ergotamine tartrate was given intra-muscularly 23
      min after the headache began and there was partial relief. A third cerebral blood
      flow estimation showed abnormally high values. The probable reasons for this are
      discussed.

PMID- 973558
TI  - Peripheral nerve entrapment in Paget's disease.

PMID- 973559
TI  - A prospective study of drugs and pregnancy. 4. Miscellaneous drugs.
AB  - The results are presented of a prospective study on drug use during pregnancy
      involving antibiotics, analgesic drugs and iron and vitamin preparations. The
      study was conducted in Malmo between 1963 and 1965. No unfavourable effect of the
      use of antibiotics, mainly penicillin and sulphonamides, could be demonstrated.
      Among 15 women who had an infant with hypospadias, three had used penicillin
      during the first trimester, but this may well be coincidental. Analgesic drug use
      shows a variability which resembles that previously described for psychopharmaca.
      No effect on the malformation rate or infant survival could be found. A possible
      lengthening of the mean duration of pregnancy occurred after the use of analgesic
      drugs during the 2nd or 3rd trimesters. Women who are going to have a dead or
      malformed infant use iron and/or vitamin preparations less often during late
      pregnancy than women who prove to have a normal infant. When such drugs were
      used, the percentage of pregnancies ending in birth before the 38th week is
      reduced, and the birth weight among term babies is higher. The associations
      between pregnancy outcome and the use of iron and vitamin preparations is
      probably indirect, due to social factors associated with drug use.

PMID- 973560
TI  - Histamine metabolism during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - The urinary excretion of histamine and its metabolites methylhistamine (MeHi) and
      methylimidazoleacetic acid (MeImAA) was measured during the menstrual cycle in
      nine healthy women, one allergic woman and three non-pregnant women with
      anovulatory regular cycles. Simultaneous urinary analyses of luteinizing hormone
      (LH) and total estrogens were performed. The healthy women showed individual
      variations in the excretion of histamine, MeHi and MeImAA. This observation has
      been interpreted as an expression of minor individual differences in the
      catabolism of histamine. At midcycle an increase in the urinary excretion of
      histamine metabolites was sometimes evident and a statistically significant
      correlation could be established between MeHi and estrogen in urine. These
      results may support previous findings of histamine release by estrogens in
      uterine tissue but may also reflect an elevated histamine formation. The allergic
      woman excreted constantly increased amounts of histamine and its metabolites,
      especially when her allergic symptoms became aggravated pre-menstrually. She did
      not exhibit any change in MeImAA excretion at midcycle but the MeHi-excretion
      varied with the excretion of estrogens in the urine. The subjects with
      anovulatory menstrual cycles had low values of histamine and metabolites although
      within the normal variations.

PMID- 973561
TI  - Epidural analgesia in labour. IV. Influence on uterine activity and fetal heart
      rate.
AB  - The influence of epidural block with bupivacaine (Marcaine-adrenalin) on fetal
      heart rate, uterine activity, and the frequency and intensity of contractions was
      studied in twenty-five nulliparae at term. Uterine activity was found to decrease
      during the first 30 minutes following epidural block. In the time interval 30 to
      40 minutes after epidural block uterine activity increased again and attained the
      same level as during the last 10 minutes before analgesia. The frequency of
      uterine contractions did not decrease after the block. The lower levels of
      uterine contractility were due only to a lower amplitude of the contractions. The
      regularizing effect of epidural analgesia on incoordinate uterine action was
      noted. The recording of fetal heart rate in the time interval studied revealed no
      pathological findings. Mode of delivery, mean labour duration and Apgar scores
      after epidural block were comparable with earlier studies of a larger patient
      population. This study suggest that epidural analgesia does not induce any
      important changes in fetal heart rate but temporarily decreases uterine activity.

PMID- 973562
TI  - Survey radiography of abdomen following caesarean section, with particular
      reference to caecal diameter and the presence of free subdiaphragmatic gas.
AB  - The literature concerning perforation and imminent perforation of the caecum is
      reviewed. The greatest importance is attached to 5 cases of perforation of the
      caecum associated with paralytic ileus following Caesarean section. The caecal
      diameter was determined by radiography in 100 patients on the 3rd and 5th day
      after Caesarean section. At the same time the volume of subdiaphragmatic free gas
      was assessed. An average caecal diameter of 6.4 cm was found, which is not
      different from the findings in the normal population. Increasing caecal diameter
      during the puerperium gives rise to suspicion of the caecum. In 90% of the
      patients free subdiaphragmatic gas disappeared by the 5th day after Caesarean
      section.

PMID- 973563
TI  - Studies on the mode of action of clomiphene citrate.
AB  - In order to further investigate the mode of action of clomiphene citrate, 5
      oophorectomized women in the age range 28 to 41 years were followed with weekly
      determinations of serum FSH and LH for 20 weeks after the operation. They
      received no treatment during the first 4 weeks but during the next 16 weeks they
      were given estradiol 2 mg X 2 daily orally, and from the 12th to the 16th week in
      addition clomiphene citrate 50 mgX2 daily. The high level of FSH after the
      oophorectomy decreased gradually during the treatment with estradiol alone, but
      this effect was partly neutralized by clomiphene citrate, as we observed a
      significant increase in FSH within 1 week of initiating treatment with clomiphene
      citrate. On the other hand, we did not find any significant changes in FSH within
      4 weeks after treatment with clomiphene citrate was discontinued. The high level
      of LH after oophorectomy did not show any significant changes during the whole
      treatment period. It is concluded that clomiphene citrate primarily stimulated
      FSH secretion, most probably by a competition with estradiol for the receptor
      sites in the hypothalamus or the pituitary. In addition, it is concluded that
      clomiphene citrate has a prolonged effect, probably because of a tight binding to
      the receptor sites.

PMID- 973564
TI  - The behaviour of microsomal mono-electron carriers in human placenta during late
      pregnancy.
AB  - The activities and the content of enzymes involved in mixed function oxidase
      systems (cytochromes P-450 and b5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH
      cytochrome b5 reductase) in microsomes from 114 human placentae were found to
      increase from the 34th up to the 38th-39th week of gestation and later to
      decrease until the 43rd week. Such a process can be related to the following: (i)
      the phospholipid content of microsomal membranes; (ii) the protein synthesis
      possibly induced by steroids such as androstenedione and testosterone.

PMID- 973565
TI  - Amniotic fluid lecithin concentrations in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive
      disorders and intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - Amniotic fluid lecithin has been measured in 92 samples from 75 patients with
      hypertensive disorders and in normotensive pregnancies complicated by
      intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). For the group with hypertensive disorders
      the lecithin concentrations were not significantly different from a reference
      material at any stage in gestation. Pre-eclampsia associated with moderately
      elevated blood pressure and complicated by IUGR showed significantly higher
      lecithin concentrations than any other diagnostic subgroup. The lecithin
      concentrations showed no relationship to maternal urinary estrogen excretion. The
      value of serial estrogen measurements in predicting IUGR has been emphasized. An
      evaluation of the amniotic fluid lecithin concentration in relation to
      respiratory function has been made. Respiratory distress syndrome may occur even
      in growth retarded babies.

PMID- 973566
TI  - Cervical cancer in women belonging to a cytologically screened population.
AB  - Women belonging to the cytologically screened population of Stockholm in 1968 to
      1974 and developing cervical cancer of stage I to IV were studied. The purpose
      was to find out the number of women, in whom the cancer or its preclinical stage
      was not detected at routine screening, and the reasons for this fact. It was
      found that 34 out of 177 women had never been cytologically screened. The
      remaining 143 women had been checked at mass screening and/or at private
      specialists or hospitals. In 51 screened women the cancer was not detected until
      the women themselves attended a doctor because of symptoms. Thus in 85 women, or
      48% of the series, the cancer escaped detection at an asymptomatic stage. Errors
      causing a delay or interruption of the follow-up of patients with suspicious
      smears or colposcopic atypia were observed in 25 cases. Sixty-four patients, or
      45% of all screened women, had had at least one negative smear within 4.5 years
      prior to discovery of the malignancy. Out of these, 53 patients had got a
      negative smear within 3 years. Whatever might be the true evaluation of these
      negative smears, their influence on the continued management of the women was
      important. In view of the results of this study the 4 years interval of
      rescreening practiced in Stockholm seems to be too long. Moreover the statement
      is supported, that the value of health screenings is counteracted by the fact
      that the people most at risk are the least likely to attend.

PMID- 973567
TI  - Outcome of pregnancy after clomiphene therapy.
AB  - Of 159 pregnancies conceived after clomiphene therapy, 141 ended in childbirth,
      including seven sets of twins. There was a probable increase in the number of
      infants born with major malformations. These were exclusively to women who had
      not previously borne a normal infant. The incidence of malformed infants compares
      well with that published after gonadotropin therapy. The possibly higher
      incidence of malformations seen after drug-induced ovulation would therefore seem
      to be due to the underlying subfertility state and thus not a direct drug effect.

PMID- 973568
TI  - Salpingitis and Chlamydiae subgroup A.

PMID- 973569
TI  - Editor's introduction. Anthropological studies in addiction.

PMID- 973570
TI  - Dope is to get high: a preliminary analysis of intracultural variation in drug
      categories among heavy users and dealers.
AB  - Users' definitions and classifications of drugs diverge from officially
      recognized systems and vary among themselves. They manifest a preoccupation with
      the experience of being high and reflect the relationship of the drug-using
      subcultural coalition to the mainstream of American life. Types of
      categorizations support recent descriptions of types of users reported in the
      literature as well as indicating areas of diffusion of drug use.

PMID- 973571
TI  - Sequences in addiction.

PMID- 973572
TI  - Heroin, hassle, and treatment: the importance of perceptual differences.

PMID- 973573
TI  - Copping and caveat emptor: the street addict as consumer.

PMID- 973575
TI  - One-up, one-down, even-up: some features of an ethnographic approach.

PMID- 973574
TI  - Prostitution and addiction: an interdisciplinary approach.

PMID- 973576
TI  - Rules and rule breaking in a therapeutic community.

PMID- 973577
TI  - The complete participant: problems in participant observation in a therapeutic
      community.

PMID- 973578
TI  - Social dimensions in the use of prescription psychoactive drugs (diet pills).

PMID- 973579
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography in drug analysis.

PMID- 973581
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 973580
TI  - The investigation of complex association by gas chromatography and related
      chromatographic and electrophoretic methods.

PMID- 973582
TI  - Retention indices in gas chromatography.

PMID- 973583
TI  - Polyelectrolyte effects in gel chromatography.
AB  - When polyelectrolytes (i.e., lignosulfonates) are eluted from Sepfected by steric
      exclusion, polyelectrolyte expansion, ion exclusion, and ion inclusion effects.
      The last-mentioned effect arises from the interaction of charged sites in the
      high-MW macroions, which are more or less excluded from the gel phase with
      charged sites in more permeable macroions. The ion inclusion effect depends on
      the counterion in such a way that the fractionation of polyelectrolytes with a
      univalent counterion is affected to a greater extent than is the fractionation of
      polyelectrolytes with a divalent counterion. This is attributable to the
      existence of a higher density of free charges in the former case, since univalent
      counterions have a lesser tendency to form ion pairs with the charged sites of
      the macroion than have divalent counter-ions. The ion inclusion effect may have a
      favorable influence on the resolution of components of relatively equal molar
      volume, but of different charge densities. Polyelectrolyte effects are suppressed
      if the elution is carried oe polyelectrolyte behaves as a nonionic polymer.
      However, since the separation effected by differences in charge densities is
      eliminated (swamped out), resolution may deteriorate; nevertheless, the
      fractionation order is independent of the composition of the sample, the
      concentration of sample solution, and other fractionation variables. If one
      wishes to acquire a general picture of the composition of a certain
      polyelectrolyte, a solution of a simple electrolyte may be the most appropriate
      eluent. However, if polyelectrolyte components with small differences in
      hydrodynamic volume are to be separated, an eluent comprising a solution of a
      high-MW polyelectrolyte, completely excluded by the gel (e.g., dextran sulfate),
      can be used.

PMID- 973584
TI  - Physicochemical measurements using chromatography.

PMID- 973585
TI  - Comment: Geriatrics, politics and the B.G.S.

PMID- 973586
TI  - Vitamin D status of patients with femoral neck fractures.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients admitted to hospital with fractures of the neck of the femur
      had mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-(OH)D3) levels markedly lower than
      that of young healthy controls. There was also a significant seasonal variation
      in these 25-(OH)D3 levels, values in winter being about half those in summer. It
      is suggested that vitamin D deficiency plays an an important role in the
      pathology of old age.

PMID- 973587
TI  - Ulnar deviation of the fingers as a clinical sign in the elderly.
AB  - A significant percentage of elderly women has been found to have ulnar deviation.
      As measured at the middle finger, the mean deviation of 73 degrees is small, but
      nearly 25% of subjects showed a clinically visible deviation of between 11
      degrees and 25 degrees. Ulnar deviation has been noted in subjects who are not
      suffering from the diseases and states commonly regarded as being important to
      its aetiology. In those it may represent the end-point of the progressive drift
      considered by some to be a normal ageing process. Whether the aetiology lies here
      or in one of the other diseases of the locomotor or central nervous systems is
      uncertain, but caution should be used when interpreting the clinical sign in the
      elderly.

PMID- 973588
TI  - Observations on thyroid function tests in the elderly.
AB  - One hundred elderly men and women living in old people's homes and 95 in a long
      stay geriatric hospital were investigated for thyroid function by measuring the
      serum thyroxine, T-3 uptake and calculating the free thyroxine index. The values
      obtained were found to be within the normal adult range in 97% of the subjects
      studied. No significant correlation was found between albumin and T-3 uptake,
      except in men in hospital.

PMID- 973589
TI  - Wheat bran in dyschezia in the aged.
AB  - A trial of wheat bran added to the diet of aged dyschezic hospital patients (12
      men, 13 women) is reported. This significantly reduced the need for aperients and
      suppositories but revealed unexpected differences in response by sex. In men,
      bran produced more bowel actions, fewer constipated days and an increase in stool
      size. In women there was much less effect upon the number of bowel actions and
      reduction of constipated days. In men there were fewer constipated days and need
      for aperients after the bran was withdrawn. Side-effects were only seen in men.
      Most patients received 15 g/day (range 5-25 g/day). Although cheap and effective
      in replacing aperients, there were problems in administration and control of
      incontinence for the nursing staff. The value of added wheat bran in the bowel
      management of the long-stay hospital patient is discussed and an effective method
      of combining bran in the diet (e.g. with bread) might be further investigated.

PMID- 973590
TI  - Effect of a lathyrogen (aminoacetonitrile hydrochloride) on aortic
      physiosclerosis and skeletal mineralization in growing rats of different age.
AB  - In one experiment, four groups of six-week-old-male PVG rats were, respectively,
      given tap water ('control group'), 0.00125M, 0.0025M, and 0.005M lathyrogen
      (aminoacetonitrile hydrochloride: AAN) solutions ad libitum for a period of 20
      weeks. In a second experiment, 12-week-old male rats were similarly treated. It
      was found that the younger rats were far more susceptible to lathyrogenic
      influences than the older rats. For example, the rate of aortic physiosclerosis
      was significantly retarded in the six-week-old rats at dosages of 0.00125M and
      0.0025M (the six-week-old rats exposed to 0.005M AAN were eliminated from the
      experiment before its completion), whilst physiosclerosis was unaffected even in
      those 12-week-old rats exposed to 0.005M AAN. The degree of mineralization of the
      femur (as reflected by its ash, Ca, Mg, Na, and K content) was retarded in
      approximately dose-dependent fashion in the rats of both ages, the effect being
      somewhat more pronounced in the younger animals. These results were discussed in
      the context of the known effects of lathyrogenic compounds on the biochemical
      maturation of connective tissue components, and also in the context of previous
      attempts to modify the lifespan of laboratory animals by lathyrogen
      administration.

PMID- 973591
TI  - Geriatric day hospitals: counting the cost compared with other methods of
      support.
AB  - The past decade has seen a great expansion of the day-hospital element in
      geriatric and psychiatric care, and the merits of such therapeutic agencies have
      been described quite often--but with little reference to the economic benefit to
      the community. We have described an enquiry into the true cost of a typical
      'intermediate' day hospital and introduced valid comparisons with other methods
      of caring for the elderly sick or frail: these comparisons inevitably led to the
      inclusion of the acute general hospital when considering the integrated health
      and welfare service which we require. The surprising financial implications
      should be recognized as we enter another era of stringency which must restrict
      development of the National Health Service.

PMID- 973592
TI  - Follow-up study of two hundred admissions to a residential home.
AB  - Two hundred admissions to a local-authority Residential Home in Edinburgh were
      followed up for four years to study subsequent morbidity and mortality in the
      Home or after transfer. Their survival was compared with that of patients
      transferred from a Geriatric Assessment Unit to Long-stay Units. The mortality of
      both groups was greater than expected, particularly in the early weeks and in
      those suffering from cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 973593
TI  - Cephazolin treatment of pneumonia in the elderly.
AB  - Cephazolin, a semi-synthetic cephalosporin for parenteral use, was evaluated in
      39 elderly hospital patients. Thirty-three of these patients were seriously ill
      at the start of treatment, suffering from pulmonary infections. In the other six
      patients, the drug was used post-operatively as a prophylactic, and it was
      effective in all cases in preventing any subsequent infection. Cephazolin was
      very effective in the treatment of 27 of the severely ill patients; the primary
      pathogen was eradicated and there was good clinical improvement. In two patients
      the primary pathogens were resistant to cephazolin, and the antibiotic therapy
      was changed after sensitivities were known. Of four patients with Haemophilus
      influenzae infection, clinical cure was obtained in two. Cephazolin therapy was
      discontinued in one woman because she developed a rash. However, there were no
      major toxic effects of therapy in terms of hepatic, renal or haematological
      function. No patient complained of pain when the intramuscular therapy was given.
      A dose of 1 g IM twice daily was shown to produce consistently high serum
      concentrations. Thus, in the elderly, the advantages of cephazolin are its lack
      of nephrotoxicity even when diuretic therapy is being administered concurrently,
      its lack of pain on intramuscular injection, and its sustained concentrations in
      the blood and urine so that it only requires to be given twice daily. In vitro
      studies showed that cephazolin is more active than cephaloridine against hospital
      pathogens.

PMID- 973594
TI  - The stricken: the social consequences of stroke.
AB  - Of 76 patients admitted consecutively to a stroke rehabilitation ward at
      Lightburn Hospital Glasgow, 35 were discharged home, and 29 of these were
      followed at home for three years or until they died. Eighteen of the patients
      survived for three years, the survivors being mainly the younger patients. Most
      remained reasonably fit physically, but none returned to employment and few
      undertook any activities outside the house. Many became depressed and frustrated.
      This group received little in the way of domiciliary health and social services,
      rehabilitation services and financial help. There is a need to improve the
      services for survivors of strokes after their discharge from hospital.

PMID- 973595
TI  - Objections to the Klevay hypothesis.

PMID- 973596
TI  - Fatness similarities in adopted pairs.

PMID- 973597
TI  - The effect of parity and time between pregnancies on maternal hair chromium
      concentration.
AB  - Values for hair chromium concentration of nulliparous women and parous women who
      had just given birth to a child were determined by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry. Mean values for hair chromium concentration of nulliparous and
      parous subjects were 309 +/- 23 and 117 +/- 10 ppb, respectively. The difference
      was highly significant (P less than 0.001). No further significant decrease in
      hair chromium was observed in women who had borne more than one child. Hair
      chromium concentration increased significantly with the amount of time between
      pregnancies, especially when at least 4 years had passed since the end of the
      last pregnancy (P less than 0.001). These data suggest a state of suboptimal
      chromium nutrition during pregnancy.

PMID- 973598
TI  - Wine versus ethanol in human nutrition. I. Nitrogen and calorie balance.
AB  - There are implications in the literature that wine is different from other
      alcoholic beverages and that it may even have a beneficial effect on the
      nutritional process. A metabolic study was undertaken in an attempt to document
      the effects of wine versus ethanol on absorption of various nutrients. Nitrogen
      and caloric data are presented here. During each of four 18-day experimental
      periods, six healthy, young men were given, in random order, a liter per day of
      the following test beverages: Zinfandel wine (9.3% w/v alcohol); dealcoholized
      Zinfandel wine; pure ethanol (9.3% w/v aqueous alcohol solution); and deionized
      water. These beverages were divided into four equal feedings and administered
      with a carefully controlled isocaloric diet over a 12-hr period. The subjects
      tended to lose weight on alcohol-containing regimens, suggesting that calories
      from alcohol may not be as efficient as those from fat and carbohydrate. Urinary
      excretion of nitrogen was significantly greater during wine and ethanol
      administration than during feeding of the other test beverages. This was
      reflected in an increase in uric acid and urea nitrogen output, primarily, the
      latter, suggesting that alcohol may directly affect protein catabolism. There was
      no significant difference in fecal nitrogen excretion between experimental
      periods.

PMID- 973599
TI  - 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol levels in bedouins in the Negev.
AB  - 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) levels were measured in 31 bedouin females and
      eight bedouin male tribesmen and compared with the levels in Jewish males and
      females in Beersheba. In nonpregnant bedouin women the mean 25-HCC level was 25.4
      ng/ml +/- 9.78. In pregnant bedouin women the mean was 23.4 ng/ml +/- 8.52. In
      bedouin males the mean level was 25.7 ng/ml +/- 3.03. In Jewish females, both
      pregnant and nonpregnant, the levels were higher (32.7 ng/ml +/- 6.02 and 44.3
      ng/ml +/- 9.24). Jewish males had levels of 32.8 +/- 6.29 ng/ml. No bedouin had
      plasma levels below 10 ng/ml, and there was no evidence to suggest deficiency of
      vitamin D in bedouin males or females.

PMID- 973600
TI  - Calorigenic response in obese and nonobese women.
AB  - The calorigenic response to a high protein test meal was studied in women with a
      history of childhood onset obesity. Obese and nonobese individuals were fasted
      overnight and basal oxygen consumptions determined the following morning. A
      semisynthetic 823 kcal high protein test meal was ingested within a 1-hr period
      followed by hourly determinations of oxygen consumption and plasma levels of
      insulin, free fatty acids, triglycerides, glucose, amino acids, and urea
      nitrogen. Amino acid levels increased faster and to a higher plateau in the
      nonobese group, while insulin levels increased and eventually decreased in a
      similar fashion in both groups. No differences in basal metabolic rate were
      detected. The postprandial increment in oxygen consumption was significantly less
      among the obese subjects. Diminished calorigenesis after each meal would result
      in accumulation of extra calories provided that caloric consumption is not
      appropriately decreased. These data suggest that a physiological aberration of
      energy metabolism may contribute to the development of childhood onset obesity.

PMID- 973601
TI  - A longitudinal study of the protein, nitrogen, and lactose contents of human milk
      from Swedish well-nourished mothers.
AB  - The contents of total nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, lactose, and individual milk
      proteins have been determined in human milk from well-nourished Swedish mothers.
      Breast milk samples from 50 mothers at different stages of lactation (up to 170
      days) were collected. Furthermore, three mothers gave samples repeatedly
      throughout the whole lactation period. The protein content in mature milk was
      found to be 0.8 to 0.9% by amino acid analysis. The nitrogen content and the
      contents of the major human milk whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and
      lactoferrin, are very high for the first few days, then decrease rapidly and
      reach, thereafter, the more slowly declining level of mature milk. Nonprotein
      nitrogen and the nonspecific milk protein serum albumin are present in constant
      concentrations throughout lactation. The daily milk volumes were determined and
      found to be 500 to 600 ml in the very early part and 700 to 800 ml in the later
      part of the lactation period.

PMID- 973602
TI  - Breast milk composition in Ethiopian and Swedish mothers. II. Lactose, nitrogen,
      and protein contents.
AB  - Breast milk from underprivileged and privileged Ethiopian mothers was collected
      at different stages of lactation and analyzed for total nitrogen, nonprotein
      nitrogen, lactose, and individual milk proteins (lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin,
      serum albumin, IgG and IgM). These values and the milk volume of one meal were
      compared to corresponding results from well-nourished Swedish mothers. No
      significant differences between the levels of these constituents or the milk
      volumes were found between the two groups of Ethiopian mothers. When comparison
      was made between breast milk from these two Ethiopian groups and the Swedish
      group, the former two showed significantly higher values for the iron-binding
      protein lactoferrin.

PMID- 973603
TI  - Food iron absorption in human subjects. IV. The effects of calcium and phosphate
      salts on the absorption of nonheme iron.
AB  - The influence of physiological levels of calcium and phosphorus on the absorption
      of nonheme iron from a semisynthetic meal was evaluated. Each of the 34
      participating subjects received two to four test meals. In three studies where
      both calcium and phosphate were added, absorption of nonheme iron was reduced to
      27 to 47% of that absorbed when no salts were added. However, with the single
      addition of either calcium or phosphate to the test meals no significantly
      inhibiting effect was observed. As the absorption of nonheme iron was
      significantly reduced only with the combined addition of calcium and phosphate,
      it is suggested that a calcium-phosphate-iron complex forms which inhibits iron
      absorption.

PMID- 973604
TI  - The incidence of anemia in residents of Missouri.
AB  - A state-wide nutritional health survey of Missouri residents conducted in 1973
      included hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum iron determinations on approximately
      1,164 persons and dietary iron intake estimates, based on a diet history, for 530
      persons. Based on the criteria used for interpretation of the Ten-State Nutrition
      Survey data, over 19% of all preschool age white children and over 10% of the
      white children six to 10 years old had low or deficient hemoglobin levels.
      Between 8 and 17% of the white males between 10 and 60 years old and over 30% of
      the white males over 59 years old were anemic. Between 3 and 9% of all white
      females over 9 years of age had low or deficient hemoglobin levels. The levels of
      anemia for most age and sex groups of Negroes were at least twice as great as for
      corresponding groups of white persons. Low or deficient hemoglobin levels within
      the age and sex groups were associated with low hematocrit and serum iron levels;
      suggesting that some of the anemia was a reflection of iron deficiency. Estimates
      of the dietary intake of iron indicated that less that 20% of the females 10 to
      35 years old and less than 60% of older females and boys under 17 years of age
      were consuming the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Over 35% of the preschool
      children and females between 10 and 60 years old were consuming less than two
      thirds of their Recommended Dietary Allowances for iron. At least part of the
      iron deficiency was, therefore, indicated to be related to insufficient dietary
      intake.

PMID- 973605
TI  - Some factors related to obesity in the Japanese sumo wrestler.
AB  - Sumo is an ancient sport in Japan and there are at present over 800 professional
      sumo wrestlers (rikishis). After entrance into the wrestler society a wrestler
      takes strenuous daily training together with a very high calorie diet (more than
      5,000 cal). Frequency of food intake is twice a day. The average diet of Japanese
      people contains of 2,279 calories and the meal frequency is generally three times
      a day. In 96 wrestlers average actual body weight and modified Broca index was
      100.4 kg and 143.5%, respectively. In this group the prevalence of overweight
      with obesity, overweight without obesity, nonoverweight with obesity, and
      nonoverweight without obesity was 53.4, 39.1, 1.0, and 6.5%, respectively. Also
      mean serum levels of triglyceride, phospholipid, uric acid, and total protein
      were significantly higher than those obtained in 89 age-matched healthy males.
      The incidence of diabetes mellitus, gout, and hypertension in wrestlers was 5.2,
      6.3, and 8.3%, respectively, all values being considerably higher than in
      controls. Weight correlated significantly with skinfold thickness, diastolic
      blood pressure, total cholesterol, and uric acid in each group. Multiple
      regression analyses were made treating weight or uric acid as dependent variables
      in both groups. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia in wrestlers were
      presumed to be caused chiefly by the high calorie diet and partially by the
      infrequent meal intake.

PMID- 973606
TI  - Drug-induced hypokalemia.

PMID- 973607
TI  - Hyperlipidemia and the control of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 973608
TI  - Food and children with Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Observations regarding caloric intake, growth, and food-related behavior of 14
      children with Prader-Willi syndrome have shown that they need fewer calories than
      normal children to maintain their weight in an appropriate weight channel, and
      that they exhibit peculiar food-related behavior that in some instances is
      present before the onset of obesity. Most of them can be prevented from gaining
      excessive weight or can lose weight if they and their caretakers receive
      appropriate counseling on how to provide low-calorie food and how to make other
      food inaccessible. In 12 of the 14 children, a reasonably successful weight
      control program was achieved for up to five years. A biological basis for many of
      the noted observations is assumed, but the exact nature of the defect remains
      elusive.

PMID- 973609
TI  - Perinatal methylmercury poisoning in Iraq.
AB  - The signs and symptoms of methylmercury poisoning and the concentrations of
      mercury in samples of blood, hair, and milk are reported and compared in two
      infant-mother pairs exposed in the recent Iraq outbreak. In one pair, the infant
      was born prior to the exposure of the mother, and was exposed only from ingestion
      of methylmercury in mother's milk. In the other pair, the mother was exposed
      during pregnancy and did not breast feed the infant, who died 30 days after
      birth. Both mothers had some signs and symptoms of poisoning, but the infants did
      not. The infants had maximum estimated blood mercury levels between 500 and 1,000
      ng/ml, well above the minimum toxic levels for adults. Hair and blood
      concentrations of mercury correlated closely, the average hair-blood ratio being
      about 250. Maternal milk averaged 8.6% of the simultaneous blood level, but the
      relationship was nonlinear at blood mercury levels below 50 ng/ml. Postnatal
      exposure by suckling led to substantial infant blood mercury concentration (over
      600 ng/ml), and prenatal exposure resulted in blood mercury levels in the infant
      at birth higher than those in the mother, even after corrections for differences
      in hematocrit level.

PMID- 973610
TI  - Serologic response to revaccination with two rubella vaccines.
AB  - Three years after receiving rubella vaccine, 1,060 elementary school children
      living on the island of Maui, Hawaii, were revaccinated with either HPV-77 DE-5
      or RA 27/3 rubella vaccine given subcutaneously or intranasally in order to
      compare the effectiveness of these two vaccines in raising antibody titers. RA
      27/3 was the more effective booster vaccine, producing fourfold or greater titer
      rises in 20.1% of recipients, including 80% of children with hemagglutination
      inhibiting antibody titers less than or equal to 1:40 at the time of
      revaccination, intranasal revaccination was not significantly more effective than
      subcutaneous revaccination, although it did elicit higher titers in children who
      responded. Responses differed according to the vaccine that children had received
      three years earlier. Because antibody titers have persisted in vaccinated
      children, routine administration of a second dose of rubella vaccine is not
      currently recommended.

PMID- 973611
TI  - Evaluation of Wistar RA27/3 rubella virus vaccine in children.
AB  - Because the Wistar RA27/3 strain rubella virus vaccine has potentially important
      advantages over rubella vaccines currently licensed in the United States, a field
      trial was conducted in Minnesota and Wisconsin in 1974 to evaluate RA27/3 in this
      country. Two hundred eighty-five (99.7%) of 286 susceptible children given RA27/3
      subcutaneously seroconverted, with a geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition
      (HI) titer of 81.2. Twenty-eight (23%) of 122 children with rubella antibodies
      before immunization had fourfold or greater rises in rubella HI titers. The
      highest percentage of booster responses occurred in children with low
      preimmunization titers. Side effects were reported in 34% of subjects, but only
      one reaction associated with RA27/3 was serious: in a 5-year-old boy, arthritis
      of the left hip developed 31 days after immunization. This study indicates that
      RA27/3 vaccine produced a very high rate of seroconversion with high
      postimmunization HI titers. The ability to elicit significant booster responses
      in children with low levels of HI antibodies suggests that RA27/3 could be used
      to boost immunity in women of childbearing age whose rubella titers have declined
      to undetectable levels.

PMID- 973612
TI  - Vaccination caveat. The off-the-shoulder look.
AB  - To avoid the difficult problem of upper shoulder scarring, a plea is made for
      vaccination in the lower deltoid region.

PMID- 973613
TI  - Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood.
AB  - Thirty-three cases of benign paroxysmal vertigo in childhood have been seen at
      our institution since the disorder was recognized ten years ago. Progression from
      paroxysmal torticollis of infancy to paroxysmal vertigo of childhood is
      documented. Ear infections and allergy appeared causative in a few, but not most,
      of the cases. The most important consideration for the pediatrician is to rule
      out epilepsy and brain tumor. Parents should be reassured that the condition is
      benign, and that the attacks will cease in a few months or years.

PMID- 973614
TI  - Juvenile diabetes mellitus and serum lipids and lipoprotein levels.
AB  - Cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein levels were determined in serum from
      40 children with diabetes and from controls. Mean cholesterol levels in the
      children with diabetes (205 +/- 78 mg/dl) were statisically higher than for
      controls (155 +/- 27 mg/dl), as were mean triglyceride levels (120 +/- 63 vs 85
      +/- 23 mg/dl). Eight of the children with diabetes had hypercholesterolemia, five
      had hypertriglyceridemia, and nine had combined hypercholesterolemia and
      hypertriglyceridemia. Low-density lipoprotein levels were statistically higher
      and high-density lipoprotein levels statistically lower for children with
      diabetes compared with control children. Increased urine glucose spillage  was
      found to correlate with higher serum triglyceride levels, suggesting that the
      elevated triglyceride levels may have been related to diabetes control. With the
      known association between hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease (CHD) and
      between diabetes and CHD, the results of the present study indicate that all
      children with juvenile diabetes mellitus should have a serum lipid analysis
      annually.

PMID- 973615
TI  - Trisomy 4p syndrome.

PMID- 973616
TI  - Agenesis of the left lung.

PMID- 973617
TI  - Gelastic Epilepsy. Onset in neonatal period.
AB  - The phenomenon of gelastic epilepsy was first described in 1873, yet fewer than
      100 patients with this disorder have been reported on to date. The purpose of
      this article is to report on the first two patients to our knowledge with the
      onset of these seizures in the immediate neonatal period. Both patients have been
      shown to have posterior hypothalamic mass lesions presumably of congenital
      origin, and have remained free of neurologic progression of the disease with
      conservative treatment.

PMID- 973618
TI  - Primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung in childhood.
AB  - Primary leiomyosarcomas of the lung and trachea are rare tumors. Only five cases
      have been reported in children (two of a lung, one of a mainstem bronchus, one of
      the carina, and one of the trachea). We report a new case in a 14-month-old boy
      and review the previous cases.

PMID- 973619
TI  - Eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract in children.
AB  - Three children had eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. This
      entity has two forms--diffuse and circumscribed. The diffuse lesion is confined
      mainly to the gastric antrum. Surgical resection of this form is seldom
      necessary. Involvement of the appendix with this form has not been previously
      described. The polypoid lesion, which may arise in any segment of the
      gastrointestinal tract, commonly produces secondary gastrointestinal symptoms and
      is amenable to local surgical excision.

PMID- 973620
TI  - Hypokalemic crisis simulating intestinal obstruction in a 4-year-old girl. A
      consequence of 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.
AB  - A 4-year-old girl had abdominal distention, muscular weakness, renal tubular
      dysfunction, and hypertension associated with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.
      There were no clinical symptoms of cortisol deficiency, but there was excessive
      deoxycorticosterone and cortisocsterone production. Basal plasma aldosterone
      levels were undetectable; however, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation
      brought plasma aldosterone levels up to normal. The urinary pregnanediol,
      tetrahydro-deoxycorticosterone (THDOC), and tetrahydrocorticosterone (THB)
      concentrations were elevated. Stimulation of ACTH failed to increase urinary 17
      ketosteroid, 17-hydroxycorticosteroid, or plasma cortisol levels significantly,
      while urinary THDOC, THB, and plasma corticosterone concentrations were further
      elevated. The elevated plasma corticosteroid intermediates were suppressed by
      dexamethasone administration. When physiologic doses of dexamethasone were
      administered, the hypertension, electrolyte imbalance, and abnormal
      corticosteroid secretion were all corrected. The studies indicated a partial
      17alpha-hydroxylase defect in this patient.

PMID- 973621
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis and retroperitoneal fibrosis in an 8-year-old boy.
AB  - An 8-year-old boy with symptoms of relapsing polychondritis for five years
      developed retroperitoneal fibrosis and ureteral obstruction. In addition to
      involvement of the cartilage of his joints, ear, and nose, there was significant
      arterial involvement. The patient had a very good response to adrenal
      corticosteroid therapy. After one year of follow-up, he has had a definite
      increase in joint mobility and has normal renal function.

PMID- 973622
TI  - Berkson fallacy and studies on reserpine and breast cancer.

PMID- 973623
TI  - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

PMID- 973624
TI  - Diagnosis of death in comatose patients under resuscitation treatment: a critical
      review of the Harvard report.
AB  - In this Article, which draws primarily on continental West European views on
      death and dying, the author contends that the Harvard criteria for irreversible
      coma (1968) are not reliable for diagnosing death in comatose patients under
      resuscitation treatment. The Article suggests that use of the Harvard Criteria to
      diagnose death leaves such patients legally unprotected against surgical assaults
      such as organ removal and biomedical experiments while they still may be living
      and capable of perception, possibly including the perception of pain and the
      spoken word. An alternative to the Harvard Criteria--angiography--is offered, and
      several additional issues related to the definition and diagnosis of death are
      discussed. Finally, the author suggests that even prior to death, termination of
      resuscitation treatment of irreversibly comatose patients, though followed by
      death, should be lawful.

PMID- 973625
TI  - State legislation on abortion after Roe v. Wade: selected constitutional issues.
AB  - Over the past three years, a great volume of legislation on abortion has been
      produced by state legislatures in an attempt to fill the vacuum created by the
      United States Supreme Court's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade. This Article examines
      several of the most common types of statutory provisions and assesses their
      constitutionality in light of Roe v. Wade and other applicable federal and state
      legal standards.

PMID- 973626
TI  - Clinical approaches to teaching legal medicine to physicians: medicolegal
      emergencies and consultations.
AB  - Physicians-in-training generally have insufficient exposure to legal medicine to
      prepare them for the medicolegal problems they will encounter in practice. This
      Article outlines the current structure of the field of legal medicine in America,
      and sets forth two strategies with clinical orientations for teaching legal
      medicine to physicians-in-training: (1) providing a didactic course offering
      accurate and practical information on medicolegal emergency situations; and (2)
      establishing a consultation service in legal medicine capable of providing
      clinical information or training in such settings as the emergency room, the
      outpatient departments, and the inpatient wards.

PMID- 973627
TI  - Editorial. Industry support for pharmacy continuing education.

PMID- 973628
TI  - Compatibility of antineoplastic, antibiotic and corticosteroid drugs in
      intravenous admixtures.
AB  - Through the use of absorption spectroscopy and visual observations, the
      compatibility of selected oncologic, antibiotic and corticosteroid drugs in
      intravenous admixtures was determined. The six drugs used in this study were
      methotrexate sodium, prednisolone sodium phosphate, sodium cephalothin, 5
      fluorouracil, cytarabine and vincristine sulfate. These were cross-matched in
      pairs, using 5% dextrose injection as the vehicle. By obtaining the ultraviolet
      absorption spectrum of each of the drugs alone in the 5% dextrose injection,
      reference of standard spectra were obtained which could be used as a comparison
      for the spectra of the drugs in admixture. This comparison permitted detection of
      any alterations in the spectrum which would suggest chemical (nonvisual)
      incompatibility. Of the 13 combinations examined, four pairs appeared to be
      chemically incompatible. These were: 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate sodium; 5
      fluorouracil and cytarabine; prednisolone sodium phosphate and methotrexate
      sodium; and methotrexate sodium and cytarabine.

PMID- 973629
TI  - Improved taste acceptability for an oral hyperalimentation dosage form.
AB  - Various flavoring agents were evaluated as to their ability to improve the taste
      acceptability of Vivovnex-HN, a potent oral hyperalimentation diet. Several
      imitation flavors were incorporated into the Vivonex-HN powder in different
      concentrations with and without an artificial sweetener. The mixtures were rated
      by a taste panel. Among the unsweetened flavors, spray-dried orange juice, Sealva
      imitation mint No.381 and cherry mint imitation appeared to be the most
      acceptable flavors. Among the individual flavors sweetened with 0.025% sodium
      saccharin, rum, strawberry and raspberry proved to be the most acceptable. Among
      all of the formulations studied, a combination of rum, strawberry and raspberry
      with 0.025% sodium saccharin was found to be optimal.

PMID- 973630
TI  - Pharmacy-based special infant formula service.
AB  - The preparation of infant formulas by a hospital pharmacy for a 280-bed
      department of pediatrics is discussed. A formulary of acceptable special
      therapeutic formulas was developed in conjunction with the pediatricians. Space
      and equipment originally intended for intravenous admixture and total parenteral
      nutrition services were supplemented to include special infant formula services.
      The personnel and equipment requirements, and quality control procedures, of the
      service are discussed.

PMID- 973631
TI  - Organizing patient data for use in clinical pharmacy practice and education.
AB  - A simple, low-cost manual data retrieval system, which  provides selective access
      to all patient cases monitored by pharmacists, is described. The system uses
      notched cards which are coded by clinical descriptors. The codes are based on a
      modification of the International Calssification of Diseases, Adapted, disease
      diagnosis coding system. This multiple entry system is flexible and can be easily
      converted to a computer-based system.

PMID- 973632
TI  - A drug experience registry.
AB  - The Drug Exerience Registry is a system for the recording and filing of drug
      related patient events in a readily retrievable form. The purpose of the registry
      is to accumulate information on adverse drug reactions, unusual therapeutic
      successes of failures, and other experiences that may be useful for education,
      research or promotion of rational drug therapy. Data are recorded on case report
      forms which are categorized by organ-disease system affected, the clinical event
      and involved drug(s). These are then filed in the clinical event file along with
      literature synopses that serve as guides in evaluating the incidents and
      determining proper therapy. A drug file serves as a cross index to the clinical
      event file and allows one to quickly locate clinical events involving a drug.
      Both files contain sufficient hospital data to allow later retrieval of
      additional information if needed.

PMID- 973633
TI  - Computerized medication monitoring system.
AB  - A computerized medication monitoring system for alerting and warning of potential
      adverse drug reactions is described. The system integrates computerized data on
      each hospital patient (medications, clinical laboratory, blood gas, ECG,
      ALLERGIES, DIAGNOSIs, etc.) and returns to the pharmacist warning messages and
      suggestions regarding patient drug therapy. The broad data base allows for nearly
      complete drug therapy monitoring. When a warning message is received, the
      pharmacist contacts the physician or nursing staff and explains the potential
      problem. The system also generates prescription labels and patient drug profiles
      which are used in a unit dose dispensing system. Five percent of 13,727 patients
      monitored have had drug alerts. Of these alterts, 44.9% were drug-laboratory
      contraindications and only 28.9% were drug-drug interactions. Of the 690 alerts
      received, 77% resulted in the physician changing the patient's therapy.

PMID- 973634
TI  - Comparison of stability-indicating assay methods: ultraviolet, high pressure
      liquid chromatography and acid dye.
AB  - Three techniques--ultraviolet, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and
      acid dye--were compared as stability-indicating assay methods. Investigations on
      six drugs (codeine phosphate, ephedrine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, procaine
      hydrochloride, pyrilamine maleate and thiamine hydrochloride) indicate that HPLC
      is the most reliable method.

PMID- 973636
TI  - Pharmacist-authorized/physician-ratified prescription renewal program.

PMID- 973635
TI  - Iron poisoning: report of a fatal case in an adult.
AB  - A fatal case of iron poisoning in a suicide attempt is reported, and the toxicity
      and pathophysiology of iron are discussed. The four phases of the clinical
      features of iron poisoning are presented, and the general treatment of iron
      toxicity is discussed.

PMID- 973637
TI  - Quantitative urine analysis for measuring compliance.

PMID- 973638
TI  - Drugs in health care.

PMID- 973639
TI  - Hazards of the multiple-dose vial.

PMID- 973640
TI  - Ventricular rhythm disorders and sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 973641
TI  - The short- and long-term prognosis of patients with transmural and nontransmural
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - To compare the long-term prognosis in patients surviving transmural with patients
      surviving nontransmural myocardial infarctions, the records of 188 consecutive
      patients with clinical histories and enzyme elevations consistent with acute
      infarction were reviewed. According to standard electrocardiographic criteria the
      patients were divided into two groups: 148 with transmural myocardial infarction
      (group 1) and 40 with nontransmural myocardial infarction (group 2). Of the
      patients who survived hospitalization, follow-up data were obtained on 119 of 124
      patients in group 1 and 36 of 37 patients in group 2 at a mean follow-up period
      of 36 months. In group 2, the patients had a high incidence of sudden death after
      discharge (33 per cent in group 2 versus 15 per cent in group 1, p less than
      0.02) as well as a significantly higher incidence of death from all cardiac
      causes (41.6 per cent in group 2 versus 24.3 per cent in group 1, p less than
      0.05). Furthermore, the patients in group 2 still alive at the end of the follow
      up period had an increased incidence of angina pectoris and of recurrent
      infarction. The data suggest that patients with nontransmural myocardial
      infarction carry a particularly guarded prognosis.

PMID- 973642
TI  - Effects of alternating phosphorus and calcium infusions on osteoporosis.
AB  - The osteoblastic effect of inorganic phosphorus and the inhibitory action of
      calcium on parathyroid hormone secretion formed the basis for a therapeutic trial
      in which both elements were given intravenously in an alternating sequence for
      one year to five patients with severe osteoporosis. During treatment, calcium and
      phosphorus balances were positive, and serum phosphorus concentrations decreased.
      Iliac crest bone biopsy specimens obtained one year after beginning treatment
      demonstrated an increase in the thickness of cortical bone. All patients
      experienced lasting relief of bone pain, and the rate of spontaneous fractures
      decreased from at least one fracture per year to none following the beginning of
      treatment. These findings suggest that long-term treatment with alternating
      phosphorus and calcium infusions may result in lasting relief of symptomatic
      osteoporosis. It is proposed that the observed improvement reflects an increase
      in bone mass resulting from enhanced bone formation.

PMID- 973643
TI  - Steroid myopathy in connective tissue disease.
AB  - In eight women with polymyositis (three patients), systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) (three patients), rheumatoid arthritis (one patient) and shoulder-hand
      syndrome (one patient), weakness developed during high dose prednisone therapy.
      These women were studied using serial functional and manual muscle tests,
      determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (SGOT), creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK) and serum aldolase levels, and urinary excretion of creatine.
      Insidious onset of weakness was characteristic. Myalgias were seen in five
      patients and unusual sudden weakness in two. Weakness was always most severe in
      the pelvic girdle muscles; there was a lesser involvement of shoulder girdle and
      distal muscles. Serum muscle enzyme levels were normal in all cases, but urinary
      creatine excretion was invariably increased and proved to be the most sensitive
      laboratory indicator for clinical diagnosis and for monitoring patient
      improvement. Serial urinary creatine excretion and serum enzyme studies were of
      value in differenting steroid myopathy from a flare of myositis in patients with
      connective tissue disease. Diagnosis and effective management were achieved by
      the use of readily available laboratory and clinical procedures without resorting
      to muscle biopsy.

PMID- 973644
TI  - The course of pregnancy in patients with artificial heart valves.
AB  - Twenty-five women with prosthetic heart valves (PHV) became pregnant 28 times.
      Twenty-six of the pregnancies occurred while the patients were receiving oral
      anticoagulants and these were continued throughout in 25 pregnancies.
      Dipyridamole or dipyridamole and acetylsalicyclic acid were used in 22
      pregnancies. Eighteen infants were delivered, one with a congenital corneal
      leukoma; none had hemorrhagic complications; their psychomotor development was
      normal. Nine women aborted 10 times, including patients with two PHV, pelvic
      trauma and self-induced abortion. We could not detect excess anticoagulation in
      eight of the nine who had spontaneous losses; excess anticoagulation occurred
      five weeks before an abortion. There were no maternal deaths despite numerous
      complications; in two women, brain embolism was related to short interruptions of
      anticoagulation. The details of management are mentioned. We lack enough evidence
      to suggest routine sterilization, routine interruption of coumarin therapy during
      pregnancy or routine interruption of pregnancy in women with certain types and
      models of PHV; however, pregnancy under such conditions, plus antithrombotic
      therapy, carries a high risk for the product and a potential teratogenic effect.
      Women with one or two PHV can have children if their management is closely
      supervised and if extreme care is taken with the use of oral anticoagulants.

PMID- 973645
TI  - Splenic abscess. Report of 10 cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Ten cases of splenic abscess seen between 1964 and 1974 are reviewed. Pain
      referable to the abscess was the most common symptom, but was present in only
      five cases. Fever was present in all but one case. Tenderness in the region of
      the spleen was noted in six cases, in three cases the spleen was palpable and in
      one case a large mass in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen was palpated.
      Abdominal films were suggestive of the diagnosis in two cases, and the liver
      spleen scan demonstrated a defect in three cases. Seven abscesses were caused by
      gram-negative bacilli of bowel origin; the etiologic agents in the other three
      were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptobacillus moniliformis and a Nocardia species.
      Associated conditions predisposing to splenic abscess included trauma in three
      cases, splenic arteritis or embolization in five cases, and foci of infection
      elsewhere in the body in six, including two cases of endocarditis. The mortality
      was 60 per cent. Half of the deaths were due to the underlying illness, but
      failure to diagnose splenic abscess contributed to a fatal outcome in three
      cases.

PMID- 973646
TI  - Clinicopathologic conference: Metastatic catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma
      (extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma).

PMID- 973647
TI  - Unusual electrocardiographic finding--bifascicular block due to hyperkalemia.
AB  - A unique case in which the patient had bifascicular block consisting of right
      bundle branch block and left posterior hemiblock as a result of marked
      hyperkalemia is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in
      which such unusual electrocardiographic abnormalities due to hyperkalemia were
      demonstrated. The electrocardiographic abnormalities produced by hyperkalemia in
      this case disappeared promptly by hemodialysis, as the serum potassium level
      returned to normal. It has been stressed that hyperkalemia should be considered
      as an important etiologic factor in the differential diagnosis of bundle branch
      block, hemiblocks and bifascicular block, particularly when these
      intraventricular blocks are produced suddenly.

PMID- 973648
TI  - Bilateral scalp necrosis in temporal arteritis. A rare complication of Horton's
      disease.
AB  - In an elderly man bilateral temporal scalp necrosis complicating temporal
      (systemic giant cell) arteritis developed. The patient also demonstrated other
      features characteristic of this entity: (1) exquisite scalp tenderness and
      headache, (2) onset late in life, (3) visual disturbances, (4) general debility,
      (5) diagnostic temporal artery biopsy, and (6) gradual healing with
      glucocorticosteroid therapy. A computer assisted review revealed 13 similar cases
      of scalp necrosis associated with temporal arteritis published in the English
      literature.

PMID- 973649
TI  - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Evolution into a malignant lymphoma with
      plasmacytoid features.
AB  - In the patient described progressive lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and
      interstitial pulmonary disease developed two months after the development of
      immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Light microscopic examination of a lymph node
      biopsy specimen suggested a diagnosis of immunoblastic sarcoma. Evolution of this
      malignant lymphoma into a leukemic phase allowed detailed studies of the
      malignant cells by electron microscopy, cytochemical staining and immunologic
      technics. Evidence is presented that this is a case of malignant lymphoma with
      plasmacytoid and not lymphoid features. Review of the literature on immunoblastic
      sarcoma suggests that light microscopy and clinical setting are not sufficient to
      define a homogeneous clinicopathologic disease.

PMID- 973650
TI  - C1q deficiency associated with urticarial-like lesions and cutaneous vasculitis.
AB  - We describe a 46 year old women with a seven year history of urticarial-like
      symptoms and cutaneous vasculitis with marked deficiency of C1q in the presence
      of normal levels of C1r and C1s and high titers of low molecular weight (7S) C1q
      precipitins. Hemolytic C1 activity, which was greatly reduced, was restored upon
      the addition of purified C1q. The other complement components were present in
      moderately reduced or normal levels. This patient bears resemblance to several
      other persons previously described with urticarial-like lesions in association
      with selective deficiency of C1q. The similarity of the clinical features,
      pathologic diagnosis, C1q levels disproportionately deficient in relation to
      other complement components and low molecular weight C1q precipitins support the
      conclusion that these are causally related in a symptom complex. The underlying
      basis is yet to be defined.

PMID- 973651
TI  - A complement independent erythropoietic inhibitor acting on the progenitor cell
      in refractory anemia.
AB  - An erythropoietic inhibitor was detected in the serum of a patient with
      refractory anemia. Using an in vitro heme synthesis method, the patient's serum
      produced tenfold inhibition of erythropoietin-stimulated radioactive iron (Fe59)
      incorporation into heme of normal human marrow at 72 hours, as compared with AB
      serum. In a separate experiment the patient's serum produced threefold
      inhibition, whereas immunoglobulin G (IgG) prepared from the same serum sample
      produced 12-fold inhibition. To identify the site of action of the inhibitor,
      serum was tested in a cell culture system whereby human marrow cells, grown in a
      plasma clot, respond to exogenous erythropoietin with the appearance of nucleated
      erythroid colonies. Each colony arises from a committed erythroid progenitor. The
      patient's serum produced a two- or tenfold reduction in the number of colonies
      from normal human marrow. The effect was also demonstrated on autologous marrow
      obtained when the patient was in "partial clinical remission". Serum samples
      obtained at various times during the course of the patient's illness all
      demonstrated a suppressive effect on colony growth. All serums were heat
      inactivated, and total hemolytic complement could not be detected in either
      culture system. It is concluded that the anemia is due to an inhibitor, probably
      of IgG class, that acts on the erythroid progenitor cell. The absence of heat
      labile complement components in the culture systems suggests that the mechanism
      is not due to immune cytolysis.

PMID- 973652
TI  - Hypertension, hyperreninemia and a solitary renal cyst in an adolescent.
AB  - Solitary renal cysts associated with hypertension and documented hyperreninemia
      are relatively uncommon. A 13 year old boy with these findings is described
      (pressure 160/120 mm Hg). Contrast studies of the urinary tract and arteriography
      with selective renal vein sampling demonstrated a solitary cyst in the right
      kidney. The ratio of plasma renin activity in the right renal vein to left renal
      vein (RRV:LRV) was 2.35:1. After drainage of the cyst, there was a marked
      reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures (126/84 mm Hg). Hypertension
      has not recurred during 14 months' follow-up.

PMID- 973653
TI  - Lead nephropathy.

PMID- 973654
TI  - Lung biopsy in immunocompromised hosts.

PMID- 973655
TI  - The angiographic appearance of benign renal oxyphilic adenoma.
AB  - Four cases of oxyphilic cortical renal adenomas identified by angiography are
      described. A suggestive angiographic appearance is outlined for adenomas limited
      to the cortex: avascularity or hypovascularity; renal vessels splayed and
      stretched around tumor base; faint parenchymal blush during nephrograpm phase;
      and tumor well marginated, appearing to arise from the renal cortex. Masses that
      fulfill the above criteria are adequately treated with excisional biopsy if
      frozen section confirms their benignity.

PMID- 973656
TI  - Asymmetry of the pelvic ureters in normal females.
AB  - A total of 65 cases showing asymmetry of the pelvic ureters of greater than 1.4
      cm for which no cause could be identified are presented. Only one was a male. The
      right ureter was situated more medially in 61 of the 64 females. Comparison of
      the characteristics of these patients with 51 females with symmetrical pelvic
      ureters revealed no differences except for a significantly more frequent left
      sided position of the uterus in the asymmetrical group. Gross medial displacement
      of the right ureter in a female probably represents a normal variant in a large
      majority of patients.

PMID- 973657
TI  - The radiologic manifestations of idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction.
AB  - Six patients with idopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction underwent extensive
      radiographic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract. Propulsive motor activity
      was consistently absent. All had smooth muscle dysfunction of the esophagus,
      small bowel, and colon, and two had abnormal gastric emptying. Two forms of the
      syndrome were observed, characterized by either hyper- or hypoactive smooth
      muscle. In the hyperactive form chaotic, spontaneous contractions of the
      esophagus and small intestine occurred and extensive diverticular disease of the
      colon was present. In the hypoactive form the esophagus was atonic and there was
      marked widening and hypomotility of the small intestine and colon. The presence
      of two forms of smooth muscle dysfunction suggests that the syndrome has a
      heterogeneous pathology and pathophysiology.

PMID- 973658
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of complications after jejunoileal bypass surgery.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 89 patients who underwent jejunoileal bypass surgery
      for morbid obesity disclosed 33 complications that were detected
      radiographically. Intestinal obstruction (10.1% of patients), cholecystitis
      (5.6%), renal stones (4.5%), peptic ulcer (3.4%), megacolon (6.7%), and
      elongation of the small intestine with hypertrophy of the mucosal folds of the
      jejunum (6.7%) were diagnosed solely by radiographic means.

PMID- 973659
TI  - The small bowel enema: experience with 150 examination.
AB  - Clinical application of the small bowel enema has received waxing and waning
      enthusiasm since it was first described in 1929. Our experiences with 150 small
      bowel enema studies is presented. The Sellink method was used for patients
      without ileostomy, (140), and retrograde studies for those with ileostomy. The
      merits of the small bowel enema compared to the conventional technique are
      discussed. The small bowel enema is the preferred method for radiologic
      assessment of the small bowel in patients whose clinical picture suggests small
      bowel disease.

PMID- 973660
TI  - Pneumoperitoneum: importance of right upper quadrant features.
AB  - Supine abdominal radiographs of 59 patients with documented pneumoperitoneum were
      evaluated for findings of pneumoperitoneum. The commonly described signs were
      seen in only 17%. Localized intraperitoneal air in the right upper quadrant was
      the most frequent finding, seen in 49% of patients. Identification of these
      collections of air is dependent upon knowledge of the anatomy of the perihepatic
      spaces.

PMID- 973661
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis after open heart surgery employing hypothermia and
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Three patients, 1-11 months of age, who underwent open heart surgery with
      cardiopulmonary bypass and profound hypothermia, developed necrotizing
      enterocolitis postoperatively leading to death. Pneumatosis intestinalis and
      portal vein gas were demonstrated radiographically. Necrotizing enterocolitis has
      not been previously reported as a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass and
      profound hypothermia.

PMID- 973662
TI  - Radiology in primary hyperaldosteronism.
AB  - Autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone (primary hyperaldosteronism) is caused
      by either hyperplasia (usually bilateral) or an adenoma (frequently unilateral)
      of the adrenal cortex. Systemic hypertension due to an aldosteronoma is a
      potentially curable condition through surgical extirpation of the offending
      organ. In our experience with 37 patients clinically suspected to have primary
      hyperaldosteronism, radiological methods contributed significantly in
      preoperative diagnosis. These included (1) selective bilateral adrenal vein
      catheterization and blood sample collection, (2) adrenal venography, and (3)
      radioisotope adrenal scan. Unilateral hyperfunction could be accurately detected
      by the aldosterone assays from the collected samples. When adrenal venography was
      technically satisfactory, a nodule or aggregate of nodules measuring at least 7
      mm and located on the margin of the gland or 1.5 cm or more in diameter when
      located in the center of the gland were readily identified. Enlarged adrenal
      gland on venography, in itself, was not a dependable index of a hyperfunctioning
      gland. Presence of a higher uptake on one side on the radioisotope adrenal scan
      did not always indicate the hyperfunctioning gland, but lack of lateralization of
      adrenal hyperfunction was more accurately predicted on the radioisotope scan than
      by venography. Four histopathological patterns were recognized in the surgically
      removed adrenal glands, but no correlation between these patterns and clinical
      behavior or postoperative course was found.

PMID- 973663
TI  - Angiographic manifestations of ruputured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Abdominal angiography was performed in five cases of ruptured abdominal aortic
      aneurysms. In four the diagnosis of a ruptured aneurysm was not suspected
      clinically. Angiographic findings included (1) an irregular collection of
      contrast outside the opacified aortic lumen or calcified aneurysm which persisted
      after contrast cleared from the aorta, (2) localized saccular dilatation of the
      aorta in which contrast remained after being cleared from the aorta, and (3) an
      aortocaval fistula.

PMID- 973664
TI  - Posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle with emphasis on early radiologic
      changes.
AB  - Erosion of progressive resorption of the distal clavicle following trauma has
      been described but merits greater attention due to its frequency. Six cases of
      posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle are reported with emphasis on
      early radiographic detection. Soft tissue swelling, deminerlization, and loss of
      the subarticular cortex at the injured clavicular tip antecede the more commonly
      recognized gross erosion. Recognition of this early stage, with consequent
      immobilization, may shorten the course of this process and decrease the prolonged
      disability. The pathogenesis of the process is discussed and illustrated.

PMID- 973665
TI  - Radiographic findings in early acquired syphilis: case report and cirtical
      review.
AB  - The radiographic and pathophysiologic features of early acquired syphilis are
      discussed. Bone changes occur in early acquired syphilis and should not be
      confused with gummas of late syphilis. The radiographic findings are protean and
      may exist without a clinical history of a cutaneous lesion. The skull, clavicle,
      and tibia are the sites most frequently involved.

PMID- 973666
TI  - Cancer in the "cold" breast thermogram.
AB  - The hallmark of the normal breast thermogram is relative symmetry of vascular
      configuration and thermal content with preservation of the breast contour.
      Accepted criteria of abnormality are predicated upon graphic and thermal
      asymmetry with emphasis placed upon elevated temperature, an increase in the
      number of discernible vessels, and distorted vascular patterns. The association
      of a confirmed breast cancer and an avascular thermogram has been labeled a false
      negative. Avascularity ("cold" breast), particularly in the lower half, with
      normal vessels in the same location of the opposite breast is suggested as an
      additional characteristic of abnormality. Illustrative cases are presented.

PMID- 973667
TI  - Chordoma: radiologic evaluation of 20 cases.
AB  - Experience with 20 cases of chordoma is summarized. Three of four intracranial
      tumors presented as sellar tumors. The clivus remained intact for 2, 3 1/2, and 4
      years, respectively, in three patients despite extensive destructive lesions of
      the sellar region. Our data and those of others indicate that approximately half
      the patients with chordomas have erosion of the clivus at the time of initial
      medical evaluation. The other half mainly have sellar destructive lesions with or
      without associated clival erosion. Calcification occurs in 50%-70% of
      intracranial chordomas. A nasopharyngeal mass is present in one-third. Vertebral
      chordomas often involve two or more vertebrae, producing destructive lesions
      which often have a sclerotic rim. The intervertebral discs are commonly affected.
      A paraspinal soft tissue mass, half the time containing calcification, is often
      present. Sacral lesions are characterized by a midline destructive lesion,
      occasionally associated with expansion, with or without osteosclerosis. A firm,
      fixed, extrarectal, presacral mass which may contain calcification or fragments
      of bone is almost always present.

PMID- 973668
TI  - The value of consultation among radiologists.
AB  - The value of group consultation in improving the accuracy of radiologic diagnosis
      was assessed. Abnormalities on 24 films were pointed out to six groups of three
      radiologists each. They were asked to reach a specific diagnosis for each case.
      Accuracy was compared in three settingss: (1) without consultation; (2) with
      consultation leading to a diagnosis by group consensus; and (3) with consultation
      followed by independent diagnoses. The accuracy of over 75% of the radiologist
      improved after consultation in either setting. The extent of improvement was
      inversely related to the initial accuracy level of the individual. When two or
      three radiologists agreed initially, they were more frequently correct than not.
      Group discussion followed by individual diagnosis is a practical approach to
      radiologic consultation.

PMID- 973669
TI  - RAPORT radiology system: results of clinical trials.
AB  - RAPORTTM, an automated radiology management and reporting system is currently
      operational in more than 25 hospital departments of varying sizes and types. Data
      have been gathered from 19 installations in operation for 6 months or longer and
      four systems which failed. Findings were as follows: 1. Mark sense forms were
      used in 71% of cases (29% dictation) and for an average of 70% of all pathologic
      material. 2. Report turnaround time ranged from 0.1 to 6 hr (average 2.5 hr)
      depending on departmental priorties and organization. 3. Rejection of the system
      was based upon inadequate documentation of needs prior to installation, poor
      preparation of staff members, and underestimation of the impact on computer
      systems on existing organizations. 4. System downtime averaged 2.5 hr per month.
      5. The ratio of pathologic to normal reports did not vary significantly among
      university, government, and private hospitals. 6. RAPORT can no longer be
      considered an experimental system. Properly managed, it is an effective
      administrative tool which can significantly improve departmental service.

PMID- 973670
TI  - Gray scale cholecystosonography: an evaluation of accuracy.
AB  - The accuracy of gray scale cholecystosonography is evaluated by comparing oral
      cholecystography and ultrasonography findings on 141 patients. Confirmation of
      findings by oral cholecystography or surgery was available in 123, and there was
      agreement by cholecystosonography in 111, for an accuracy of 90%. Of 39 patients
      with gallstones, 30 were correctly diagnosed by ultrasound. These results
      represent an improvement in the accuracy of gray scale ultrasonography for
      evaluation of the gallbladder compared to previous reports and demonstrate the
      potential usefulness of the procedure for evaluation of the nonvisualized
      gallbladder.

PMID- 973671
TI  - The dependence of radiographic mottle on beam quality.
AB  - The dependence of radiographic mottle on beam quality has been studied for a
      variety of film/screen combinations. The measurement technique consisted of
      scanning the radiographs with a microdenitometer; the analogue signal from the
      microdesitometer was gated and recorded with a multichannel analyzer. The
      sampling aperture was 500 mum in diameter and was chosen because its spatial
      frequency response approximates that of the eye. The standard deviation of the
      density fluctuations was calculated directly from the number versus density
      spectrum accumulated in the analyzer. The range of standard deviations' for the
      various combinations and x-ray tube kilovoltages studied from approximately 0.009
      to approximately 0.021 density units. For commonly used combinations, very little
      kilovoltage dependence was observed. The relative amount varied for different
      screen phosphors and is attributed to differences in the absorption
      characteristics.

PMID- 973672
TI  - An evaluation of procedures used in staging carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - A review of 227 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix was undertaken to
      determine the efficacy of procedures using in the staging of this disease. All
      patients had a pretreatment chest radiography and intravenous pyelogram. 96.5%
      had pretreatment cystoscopy, 98.6% had pretreatment proctoscopy, and 92% had a
      pretreatment barium enema. These patients were retrospectively staged on the
      findings of physical examination only. Each additional procedure was then
      evaluated by comparison with the initial staging. Cystoscopy and chest film
      findings each would have changed the clinical stage in fewer than 1% of cases,
      barium enema in 1.4%, and proctoscopy in 2.2%. No patient had a positive barium
      enema without a positive proctoscopy, while two patients had positive
      proctoscopies with negative barium enemas. The overall yield of positive findings
      by pretreatment intravenous pyelography was 7.3%. Lymphangiography, although
      inconsistently done, yielded positive findings in all stages. Chest radiographs,
      intravenous pyelography, proctoscopy, and lymphangiography are recommended as
      part of the pretreatment workup of patients with carcinoma of the cervix. Routine
      barium enema is no longer recommended, and cystoscopy is only recommended in
      patients with clinical stage IIB disease or greater.

PMID- 973673
TI  - Results of involved field and extended field radiotherapy in patients with
      pathologic state I and II Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A series of 44 previously untreated patients was found to have stage I or II
      Hodgkin's disease on the basis of a diagnostic workup which included laparotomy
      and splenectomy in 39 cases. The patients were randomized to either involved
      field or extended field radiotherapy. No difference was found in overall survival
      rates between the two groups. Regional recurrences were seen in four patients in
      the involved field group and in none of the extended field group. Regional
      recurrences were seen in four patients in the involved field group and in none of
      the extended field group. Radiotherapy to the extended field treatment port
      (generally an extended mantle) can be given with acceptable side effects. Staging
      laparotomy was of definite value, changing the classification and resulting
      therapy of two groups: (1) patients with clinical stage (CS) I or II, pathologic
      stage (PS) III involvement, who were treated with appropriately larger
      radiotherapy fields; and (2) patients with CS III, PS I or II, who were spared
      unnecessarily extensive radiotherapy.

PMID- 973674
TI  - Successful transcatheter embolic control of massive hematobilia secondary to
      liver biopsy.
AB  - A 43-year-old female alcoholic had massive hematobilia secondary to arterial
      trauma of a liver biopsy. The arterial bleeding site was successfully embolized
      through an angiographic catheter with Gelfoam sponge. No liver ischemia occurred
      and the patient has remained well.

PMID- 973675
TI  - Treatment of symptomatic hepatic cyst by percutaneous instillation of Pantopaque.
AB  - A large, symptomatic, simple hepatic cysts was managed by the percutaneous
      instillation of Pantopaque. The method was based on reports of similar
      percutaneous treatment of renal cysts. In 6 months the patient was asymptomatic
      and radiographs demonstrated evidence of a fibrous reaction within the cyst. The
      patient remains asymptomatic 16 months after puncture. These results suggest that
      percutaneous instillation of sclerosing agents may provide an alternative to
      operative procedures.

PMID- 973676
TI  - The limbus vertebra: an anterior disc herniation demonstrated by discography.
AB  - Limbus vertebra results from an intrabody herniation of disc material. It can be
      mistaken for a fracture, infection, or tumor, resulting in unnecessary invasive
      diagnostic procedures. A case is presented in which the lesion was diagnosed by
      discography. Most radiologists are unfamiliar with discograms, yet they are
      useful because they opacify the anteriorly herniated portion of the nucleus
      pulposus.

PMID- 973677
TI  - Patellar giant cell tumor.
AB  - Primary patellar neoplasms are distinctly unusual. A rare case of patellar giant
      cell tumor which caused clinical, radiographic, and histologic confusion is
      described. The lesion progressed rapidly, underscoring the potential aggressive
      behavior of the tumor. Amputation is the preferred treatment. A review of the
      literature is also presented.

PMID- 973678
TI  - Esophageal aperistalsis secondary to metastatic invasion of the myenteric plexus.
AB  - A case of aperistalsis of the esophagus secondary to isolated invasion of the
      myenteric plexus of Auerbach by metastatic carcinoma is presented. The unique
      pattern of tumor involvement and the resultant aperistalsis supports the
      contention that involvement of the neurons in the deep myenteric plexus, either
      by inflammation or tumor, may be the key factor in producing aperistalsis. No
      similar cases were found in the literature.

PMID- 973679
TI  - Salicylate-induced pulmonary edema.
AB  - A case of pulmonary edema secondary to salicylate intoxication is described. The
      pulmonary wedge pressure was normal, excluding cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Thus
      salicylate intoxication should be considered as a rare cause in the differential
      diagnosis of pulmonary edema with a normal heart size. The pulmonary edema
      resolved gradually over 8 days. Literature relative to salicylate-induced
      pulmonary edema is reviewed.

PMID- 973680
TI  - The general radiologist and ultrasound.

PMID- 973681
TI  - Radiation oncology: is there a better name.

PMID- 973682
TI  - Visualization of left ventricular aneurysms.

PMID- 973683
TI  - Analysis of steroids' Part XXVIII. Kinetic method for the simultaneous
      determination of alpha and beta-ethynodioldiacetate [1].

PMID- 973684
TI  - Sub-part-per-trillion detection of riboflavin by laser-induced fluorescence.

PMID- 973685
TI  - The determination of bromide, chloride and lead in airborne particulate matter by
      stripping voltammetry.

PMID- 973686
TI  - Polarography of azocarcinogens and related azo compounds.

PMID- 973687
TI  - Preparation and properties of horseradish peroxidase bound covalently to
      polystyrene beads. Application in the semi-automatic determination of hydrogen
      peroxide with homovanillic acid as substrate.

PMID- 973688
TI  - Molecular basis of neural blockade.

PMID- 973689
TI  - Depression of hypoxic ventilatory response by nitrous oxide.
AB  - Ventilatory responses to CO2 and hypoxia were measured in four normal volunteers
      breathing 30-50 per cent N2O  with and without added inspiratory resistance. CO2
      response was measured by a steady-state technique, hypoxic response by a non
      steady-state progressive technique. Added inspiratory resistance depressed
      ventilatory responses to both CO2 and hypoxia. N2O had no effect on CO2 response
      either with or without resistance. N2O depressed the ventilatory response to
      hypoxia without added resistance and further depressed the response measured with
      added resistance. It is thought that this was probably the result of selective
      depression of peripheral chemoceptor function by N2O.

PMID- 973690
TI  - Internal carotid artery stump pressure and cerebral blood flow during carotid
      endarterectomy: modification by halothane, enflurane, and innovar.
AB  - Carotid endarterectomy requires temporary surgical occlusion of the involved
      carotid artery. During occlusion, the minimally acceptable (critical) internal
      carotid artery stump pressure is reported to be 50 torr, whereas for regional
      cerebral blood flow (rCBF), a critical range is reported to be 18-24 ml/100
      g/min. During 90 carotid endarterectomies, rCBF and stump pressure were measured
      and the EEG continuously monitored. A positive correlation between rCBF and stump
      pressure (i.e., when both were either above or below their respective critical
      values) was observed in only 58 per cent of the cases. In 28 per cent stump
      pressures of less than 50 torr were observed despite rCBF's above 24 ml/100 g/min
      and normal EEG's. In 8 per cent stump pressures were more than 50 torr but rCBF's
      were less than 18 ml/100 g/min and EEG changes of ischemia were commonly
      observed. In the remaining 6 per cent rCBF's were marginal (18-24 ml/100 g/min)
      while stump pressures were more than 50 torr and EEG changes were not observed.
      The relationship between stump pressure and rCBF was influenced by the
      anesthetic. In the absence of transient ischemia during occlusion (that is, rCBF
      greater than 18 ml/100 g/min), halothane and enflurane anesthesia were associated
      with significantly higher rCBF's and lower stump pressures than was
      neuroleptanesthesia. Pre-occlusion and post-occlusion rCBF measurements also
      demonstrated cerebral vasodilation by halothane and enflurane (halothane greater
      than enflurane) and vasoconstriction by neuroleptanesthesia. It is concluded that
      stump pressure is an unreliable index of CBF during carotid occlusion and that
      its relationship to CBF is considerably influenced by the anesthetic.

PMID- 973691
TI  - Neurobehavioral responses and drug concentrations in newborns after maternal
      epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine.
AB  - The neurobehavioral status of 20 newborn infants was evaluated after two to four
      hours of life following maternal epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine for labor
      and vaginal delivery. All infants were normal products of uncomplicated full-term
      gestations. The 20 infants, whose mothers had received continuous lumbar epidural
      anesthesia with bupivacaine, demonstrated no measurable difference from control
      infants and did not have the decrease in muscle tone and strength observed in
      infants whose mothers had received continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia with
      lidocaine or mepivacaine in a previous study.

PMID- 973692
TI  - Amnesic actions of diazepam and scopolamine in man.
AB  - In man, diazepam alone and in combination with scopolamine interferes with the
      memory of visual and painful stimuli. With a 15-minute interval between injection
      of the drug and the showing of emotionally neutral pictures, scopolamine (0.5
      mg/70 kg) produces 14 per cent forgetting when evaluated 24 hours later. Under
      these conditions diazepam (10 mg/70 kg) produces 41 per cent forgetting, while
      the combination causes 64 per cent. Under conditions designed to insure selection
      of subjects in whom registration was clearly quite intact at the time of the
      initial exposure to the pictures, memory was still found to be impaired when
      tested 24 hours later. Graded doses of diazepam to as much as mg/70 kg in
      combination with 0.5 mg/70 kg scopolamine produced a virtually linear dose
      response curve for amnesia. These results are compatible with the interpretation
      that the diazepam-scopolamine mixture interferes with memory by blocking
      consolidation of the memory trace.

PMID- 973693
TI  - Effects of halothane on DNA synthesis and the presynthetic phase (G 1) in
      dividing fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects of halothane on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and  events
      preceding DNA synthesis have been examined in Chinese hamster fibroblasts in
      culture.DNA synthesis was studied by the uptake of 3H-thymidine during short
      periods of incubation that minimized effects on cells in the presynthetic phase
      (G1). Halothane produced slight but significant dose-related depression of 3H
      thymidine uptake (20 per cent depression with 2 per cent halothane). In a
      separate series of experiments, synchronized cultures were exposed to 1-3 per
      cent halothane in G 1 phase for three or five hours. Halothane caused a
      postponement of onset of DNA synthesis (S phase), indicating a delay in G 1. This
      delay roughly equalled the duration of exposure to 3 per cent halothane but was
      less with 2 per cent halothane. The delay was only about one hour with 1 per cent
      halothane.

PMID- 973694
TI  - Another hazard of free-standing vaporizers, increased anesthetic concentration
      with reversed flow of vaporizing gas.

PMID- 973695
TI  - Estimation of vital capacity without patient cooperation.

PMID- 973696
TI  - Unilateral vocal-cord paralysis following endotracheal intubation.

PMID- 973697
TI  - Gastric volume and pH in postpartum patients.

PMID- 973698
TI  - Dyed but not dead--methylene blue overdose.

PMID- 973699
TI  - Subglottic hemangioma.

PMID- 973700
TI  - Endotracheal tube obstruction.

PMID- 973701
TI  - Letter: Recovery of methoxyflurane metabolites from urine.

PMID- 973702
TI  - The expanding role of the American Society of Anesthesiologists.

PMID- 973703
TI  - Closing capacity measurement during general anesthesia.
AB  - A modification of the single-breath nitrogen closing volume (CV) test allows
      measurement of closing capacity (CC) during general anesthesia. In the
      modification, inspiration and expiration are mechanically produced by a
      hydraulically powered cylinder. For 14 awake, normal subjects results of the CV
      test performed using this mechanical method differed that those obtained
      following spontaneous inspiration and expiration. Mean (+/-SE) CC's were 2.25 (+/
      0.15) and 2.42 1 (+/-0.14) (P less than 0.01) using spontaneous and mechanical
      methods, respectively. The slopes of Phase III of the CV traces were 2.24 (+/
      0.27) and 2.66 per cent N2/L (+/-0.32) (P less than 0.01), respectively. To
      eliminate differences due to measurement technique, the modified CV test was used
      both before and during anesthesia with halothane in 70 per cent N2 in 11 normal,
      supine, spontaneously breathing subjects. CC's were 1.89 l (+/-0.16) before and
      1.84 l (+/-0.15) during anesthesia (P greater than .5). Mean functional residual
      capacities (FRC) by the closed-circuit helium method were 1.77 l (+/-0.15) before
      and 1.45 l (+/-0.17) during anesthesia (P less than .001). With CC unchanged and
      FRC decreased following induction, CC/FRC increased from 1.07 (+/-0.08) to 1.37
      (+/-0.11) (P less than .005), suggesting increased small-airway closure during
      anesthesia.

PMID- 973704
TI  - Fluoride in bone of rats anesthetized during gestation with enflurane or
      methoxyflurane.
AB  - Fluoride concentrations in maternal and fetal bones were measured following
      exposure of pregnant rats to methoxyflurane and enflurane anesthesia. Fluoride
      content in fetal bone increased significantly only after exposure to
      methoxyflurane, and then only when methoxyflurane was administered after 12 days
      of gestation, when ossification of fetal bone begins. Fluoride concentrations in
      maternal bone increased following both anesthetics, except in rats exposed to
      methoxyflurane after 15 days of gestation, when ossification of many fetal
      skeletal parts is in progress and fluoride is preferentially deposited in the
      fetal skeleton.

PMID- 973705
TI  - Distribution of waste anesthetic gases in the operating room air.
AB  - Epidemiologic and animal studies identify a strong relationship between chronic
      exposure to anesthetic gases and health hazards. Efforts to reduce exposure of
      personnel require an understanding of the distribution of anesthetic waste gases
      in the operating room air. Concentrations of nitrous oxide and halothane were
      measured at numerous stations throughout an operating room and a delivery room in
      the absence of personnel. Air conditioning flow rates and flow patterns were
      varied, as was the height of the anesthetic gas source. Air flow patterns were
      found to dominate the anesthetic gas distribution, while buoyancy effects were
      negligible. Venting waste gases at the floor does not significantly reduce
      exposure of personnel. Areas of high concentration were observed; their
      occurrences and locations varied strongly with air flow patterns. The exhaust
      grille is the best location for a single measurement of the average room
      concentration. Recirculating air-conditioning systems reduce energy costs;
      however, only the non-recirculating portion of the air exchanges reduces waste
      gas concentrations.

PMID- 973706
TI  - Enflurane depresses myocardial function, perfusion, and metabolism in the dog.
AB  - Trained dogs with chronically implanted catheters and left ventricular (LV)
      pressure transducers were anesthetized with 2.3 per cent (1 + MAC) and 3.6 per
      cent enflurane. Left ventricular function and metabolism were studied while the
      dogs were awake and during exposure to the two anesthetic concentrations.
      Enflurane depressed LV function in a dose-dependent fashion. Myocardial blood
      flow and oxygenation mirrored the functional changes. Myocardial oxygen
      extraction decreased and lactate extraction increased to the myocardium. Low
      concentrations of halothane in the same dogs on different days had similar
      effects. However, 2 MAC halothane resembled 1.6 MAC enflurane, suggesting that
      the cardiovascular dose-effect curve for enflurane is steeper than that for
      halothane. Both anesthetics produce dose-dependent negative inotropic effects in
      the intact dog, accompanied by equivalent decreases in cardiac oxygen demand.
      Contrary to previous suggestions, enflurane appears to be at least at depressant
      to the dog heart as halothane.

PMID- 973707
TI  - Pulmonary shunting during anesthesia with deliberate hypotension.
AB  - Pulmonary shunting (Qs/Qt with FIO2 = 1) was measured in 18 anesthetized patients
      during deliberate hypotension. Hypotension was induced in 12 patients with sodium
      nitroprusside and light halothane anesthesia and in six others with deep
      halothane anesthesia and mechanical hyperventilation. Similar results were
      observed in the two groups. During the hypotensive period mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) was reduced to 49 +/- 2 torr, a 37 per cent decrease from the control level
      after the onset of operation and a 40 per cent decrease compared with the
      recovery level during closure of the wound. Qs/Qt, however, remained unchanged
      throughout the study: 5.2 +/- 0.9 per cent initially, 5.4 +/- 0.8 per cent during
      hypotension, and 4.7 +/- 0.5 per cent during recovery. It is concluded that
      pulmonary shunting need not develop during deliberate hypotension induced with
      either technique.

PMID- 973708
TI  - Acid-base balance nomogram--a Boston-Copenhagen detente.
AB  - Quantitation of actual and expected complete compensation for chronic hypercapnia
      in man is facilitated by addition of data of Brackett et al. in the form of an
      arc to the Siggaard-Andersen alignment nomogram. Percentage of compensation is
      defined as 100 times the ratio of observed to predicted (fully compensated) base
      excess at the patient's PCO2. Extracellular fluid base excess, defined as BE3, is
      estimated from a 3-g hemoglobin line added to the nomogram.

PMID- 973709
TI  - Primary aldosteronism with uncommon complications.
AB  - In a patient who had primary aldosteronism and severe total-body potassium
      depletion muscular tonic contractures developed during induction of anesthesia.
      After correction of the potassium deficit, the patient underwent uneventful
      anesthesia and transabdominal right adrenalectomy. Neither serum potassium level
      nor EKG seems to provide a reliable index of correction of potassium deficit.
      Measurement of potassium balance provided a method of quantitating the potassium
      depletion and of determining when the potassium deficit had been corrected.
      Balance studies should be utilized preoperatively when long-term potassium loss
      is suspected to reduced complication secondary to hypokalemia.

PMID- 973710
TI  - Diminished hepatic arterial flow during halothane administration.

PMID- 973711
TI  - An unusual case of difficult extubation.

PMID- 973712
TI  - Tension pneumothorax following internal jugular cannulation and general
      anesthesia.

PMID- 973713
TI  - Acute laryngeal edema 24 hours after passage of a nasogastric tube.

PMID- 973714
TI  - Renal failure following enflurane anesthesia.

PMID- 973715
TI  - The laryngeal-closure reflex and nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia.

PMID- 973716
TI  - Tension pneumocephalus and the sitting position.

PMID- 973717
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy with a cardiac pacemaker.

PMID- 973718
TI  - Psychoanalytic theory "the reports of my death are greatly exaggerated".

PMID- 973719
TI  - Does measles really predispose to tuberculosis?
AB  - In recent years, textbooks and reviews on mechanisms involved in cellular
      immunity have emphasized that measles adversely influences tuberculous lesions.
      The medical literature was critically investigated for the basis of this claim.
      All field studies reviewed possessed strong deficiencies in the pertinent data
      and the methods of their collection. These deficiencies rendered invalid
      conclusions concerning the ability of measles to activate tuberculosis.
      Indirectly, there are also no adequate epidemiologic data to support the concept
      that measles suppresses tuberculous immunity when it suppresses tuberculin skin
      reactivity. Considering all the available information, one may conclude that if
      measles does have a deleterious influence on tuberculosis, it is probably at low
      frequency in most populations.

PMID- 973720
TI  - Use of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products and soluble fibrin complexes for
      differentiating pulmonary embolism from nonthromboembolic lung disease.
AB  - To help differentiate pulmonary embolism from other lung diseases, we measured
      the degradation products of fibrinogen and fibrin and soluble fibrin complexes in
      normal control subjects and patients with pulmonary embolism, lung cancer,
      pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, asthma, and
      several miscellaneous disorders. A separate group of patients, who were suspected
      of having pulmonary embolism but had negative pulmonary angiography, were also
      tested. Many nonthromboembolic lung diseases frequently were associated with
      positive fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products or soluble fibrin complexes, but
      those with high positivity rates for one test tended to have low rates for the
      other test. Both fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products and soluble fibrin
      complexes were positive in 55 per cent of patients with pulmonary embolism but
      only in 4 per cent with nonthromboembolic conditions (P less than 0.001), in 7
      per cent of patients with negative pulmonary angiography (P less than 0.001), and
      in none of the normal subjects (P less than 0.001). Both tests were negative in
      only 3 per cent of patients with pulmonary embolism but in 35 per cent of
      nonthromboembolic diseases (P less than 0.005), 54 per cent of those with
      negative pulmonary angiography (P less than 0.001), and 79 per cent of normal
      control subjects (P less than 0.001). The combination of fibrinogen/fibrin
      degradation products and soluble fibrin complexes is more valuable than either
      test alone in the diagnostic separation of thromboembolic from nonthromboembolic
      pulmonary diseases.

PMID- 973721
TI  - Effects of intravenous histamine on static lung compliance and airway resistance
      in normal man.
AB  - Static lung compliance and airway resistance were measured in 30 experiments on 6
      healthy subjects after intravenous injection of a bolus of histamine (4 mug per
      kg of body weight). Analysis of the pooled results showed a significant decrease
      in static lung compliance (maximal mean decrease,--16 per cent occurring 20 sec
      after injection). There was no significant change in functional residual capacity
      or vital capacity after injection of the histamine. Administration of propranolol
      (a beta-adrenergic blocking agent) did not significantly enhance the responses to
      histamine. The results suggested that humans, like other species, can constrict
      peripheral airways sufficiently to produce alterations in the static elastic
      properties of the lungs.

PMID- 973722
TI  - The relationship between symptoms and functional abnormalities in clinically
      healthy cigarette smokers.
AB  - Because a number of "early tests" may now be used to measure abnormalities of
      lung function in cigarette smokers with normal airflow rates, we evaluated the
      symptoms of cough, sputum, wheezing, and shortness of breath in 60 nonsmokers and
      49 smokers to determine whether these symptoms correlated with measurements of
      lung function that are believed to be altered by mild obstruction. One or more
      symptoms were present in 5 per cent of the nonsmokers and 90 per cent of the
      smokers. Individual symptoms, sums of symptoms (symptoms score), and various
      combinations of symptoms correlated poorly or not at all to measured values for
      dynamic lung compliance, closing volume, closing capacity, slope of Phase III,
      and helium flow-volume curves. The symptoms score correlated negatively (P less
      than 0.05) with forced maximal expiratory flow at 50 per cent of vital capacity.
      Inasmuch as the serious consequences of chronic airway obstruction are related to
      abnormalities of lung function, it is likely the function tests will prove more
      useful than symptoms to reveal smokers at risk to develop chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease. Symptoms cannot be used to detect smokers who are liable to
      have functional abnormalities suggestive of mild peripheral airway obstruction.

PMID- 973723
TI  - Influenza immunization in chronic bronchitis: local and systemic immune response.

PMID- 973724
TI  - Effect of meperidine on occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia
      with and without external inspiratory resistance.
AB  - In 5 normal subjects we measured ventilation and P0.1, the pressure generated by
      the first 0.1 sec of inspiratory effort against a closed airway, in response to
      hypercapnia and hypoxia with and without added inspiratory resistance before and
      after oral meperidine (1.1 to 1.3 mg per kg). CO2 responses were studied in the
      steady state, whereas progressive hypoxia was used to elicit hypoxic responses.
      In general, resistance decreased ventilatory responses to hypercapnia but
      increased P0.1 responses to both hypoxia and hypercapnia. Meperidine depressed
      both ventilatory and P0.1 responses, more so in hypoxia than in hypercapnia. The
      combination of resistance and merperidine was additive in depressing responses to
      hypercapnia but in hypoxia produced little more depression than did meperidine
      alone. In both hypercapnia and hypoxia, meperidine decreased the augmentation of
      P0.1 that was associated with increased resistance. Normal subjects responded to
      acute increases of inspiratory resistance by increasing inspiratory motor output;
      this increase was distinctly blunted by meperidine.

PMID- 973725
TI  - Effect of elastic loading on mouth occlusion pressure during CO2 rebreathing in
      man.
AB  - In 7 normal subjects, mouth occlusion pressure was evaluated as an index of
      neural drive to the respiratory muscles during CO2 rebreathing, with and without
      the addition of 2 degrees of elastic loads. During control and loaded
      rebreathing, changes in both mouth occlusion pressure and ventilation were
      linearly related to changes in end-tidal PCO2. With elastic loading, the slope of
      occlusion pressure versus end-tidal PCO2 response consistently increased from
      control values in all subjects and was greater with the higher load in 6 of 7
      subjects. The ventilatory response to elastic loading was variable and
      inconsistent owing to the variable increase in frequency of breathing, the tidal
      volume always being diminished. In normal subjects, both mouth occlusion pressure
      and ventilation appeared to assess neural drive to the respiratory muscles in
      response to CO2 rebreathing; with elastic loading, only occlusion pressure
      continued to reflect neuromuscular output. This increased pressure response could
      have been mediated by neural reflex and/or intrinsic muscle mechanisms. The data
      suggest that mouth occlusion pressure may be a useful parameter for evaluating
      neuromuscular control mechanisms under conditions of increased lung elastance.

PMID- 973726
TI  - Lung surface area in various morphologic forms of human emphysema.
AB  - The relation between lung surface area and the extent and morphologic type of
      emphysema was examined at autopsy in 69 men. It was found to be conceptually
      preferable to express the area as internal surface area per unit lung volume
      (specific surface area) rather than to use the more conventional, inversely
      related, mean linear intercept for comparison with other morphometric data. In
      the whole group, fixed inflated lung volume generally increased with increasing
      per cent involvement of lung parenchyma by emphysema, and total internal surface
      area decreased, but those changes were not so regular as the decline in specific
      surface area with increasing per cent emphysema (r=-0.574). Lungs with no
      emphysema had a significantly higher specific surface area than did lungs with
      very little emphysema (1 to 9 per cent), suggesting noticeable effects on the
      physical properties of lung by minimal degrees of this disease at high levels of
      inflation. The way in which specific surface area decreased with increasing
      percentage of emphysema was not noticeably different among patients with
      centrilobular, panlobular, or mixed forms of emphysema, although lungs with only
      centrilobular emphysema were much more common and had a significantly lower mean
      percentage of emphysema than did those with only panlobular emphysema; the
      prevalence and mean percentage of emphysema of the mixed group were intermediate.
      These observations, coupled with the association of older mean age with
      increasing percentage of emphysema, were interpreted as support for the concept
      that many examples of panlobular emphysema are derived from confluence of
      extensive centrilobular emphysematous lesions.

PMID- 973727
TI  - Pulmonary sporotrichosis: Treatment with miconazole.
AB  - Intravenous miconazole, an investigational, broad-spectrum, antifungal imidazole
      drug, was clinically effective when used for the first time in a patient with
      life-threatening sporotrichosis. Miconazole was used after drug resistance and
      treatment failure occurred in a patient with extensive, cavitary, pulmonary
      infection with Sporotrichum schenckii. He had first been treated with
      amphotericin B, and then with amphotericin B and flucytosine in combination. Side
      effects of miconazole included itching, diarrhea, and phlebitis. Clinical
      improvement occurred despite plasma concentrations below those needed for
      complete inhibition of the patient's organisms in vitro.

PMID- 973728
TI  - Guidelines for the investigation and management of tuberculosis contacts.

PMID- 973729
TI  - [Pancreatic arteriography in cases of adenocarcinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 973730
TI  - [Supraheptatic phlebography. A survey apropos of 250 cases].

PMID- 973731
TI  - [Salmonella colitis. Report of two cases and literature review (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 973732
TI  - [Pulmonary calcifications and milia in varicella (author's transl)].

PMID- 973733
TI  - [The rate of growth, of the kidney both in length and width during the last three
      months of pregnancy: value in neonatal radio-paediatrics (author's transl)].

PMID- 973734
TI  - [A radiological study of the dimensions of the cervical vertebral canal and of
      the variation of these dimensions in relation to functional tests (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 973735
TI  - Antioxidants and cancer. Part VI. Selenium and age-adjusted human cancer
      mortality.
AB  - The possible epidemiologic relationship between selenium occurrence and cancer
      mortality was studied in cities and states located in areas with different levels
      of selenium bioavailability. Statistically significant differences were found in
      age-specific cancer death rates among states with high, medium, and low selenium
      levels. The death rates for specific types of cancer showed a larger difference
      in males than in females in the states with high selenium levels. The greater
      difference between males and females may be related to sex difference or to the
      fact that males are heavier smokers and are aslo more likely to be exposed to
      industrial pollution. In the states with high selenium levels, there was
      significantly lower mortality in both males and females from several types of
      cancer, particularly the environmental problem indicators, such as
      gastrointestinal and urogenital types of cancer.

PMID- 973736
TI  - Respiratory effects of occupational exposure to an epoxy resin system.
AB  - A standardized respiratory questionnaire and pulmonary function tests were used
      to examine thirty-four employees of a snow-ski manufacturing plant, including
      twenty-five workers who were exposed to an epoxy resin system containing the
      amine hardener 3-dimethylamino propylamine (3-DMAPA). Maximum expiratory flow
      volume curves were obtained on Monday and Thursday, before and after each shift,
      and FVC, FEV1.0, MEF50%, and MEF25% were caculated. Environmental measurements of
      the total amine levels were found to range from 0.41 to 1.38 ppm. The group with
      the greatest exposure (0.55-1.38 ppm) showed significant decreases in lung
      function over Monday and over the week. Although all employees in this group
      showed decreases in pulmonary function, acute changes were greater in present
      cigarette smokers and in subjects who reported respiratory symptoms upon exposure
      to the epoxy resin system. There was no evidence of permanent loss of lung
      function in subjects with either the highest or longest exposure.

PMID- 973737
TI  - Cell vs. noncell airway temporal response in rats exposed to sulfur dioxide.
AB  - A modification of the sulfur dioxide (SO2)-exposed rat model proposed by Reid for
      the study of chronic bronchitis was employed to evaluate mucus retention and
      cytologic changes. Rats were exposed to from 600 to 700 ppm of SO2 for 3 hours
      per day, and groups were examined after 0, 9, 18, and 30 hours of cumulative
      exposure. Tracheal mucus retention and statistically significant increases (two-
      to four-fold) in the amount of solid material (cellular and mucus) recovered by
      bronchia lavage developed as a function of exposure time. The increase in
      bronchial solids was primarily due to inflammatory cells. The goblet cell
      population in secondary bronchi declined initially, with a significant increase
      after 30 hours of exposure (P less than .001). The cytologic data provide
      additional support to Reid's suggestion that the SO2-exposed rat may be
      considered as a chronic bronchitis model.

PMID- 973738
TI  - Adult mortality in two communities with widely different air pollution levels.
AB  - Mortality experience was determined over a 13-year period (1960-72) for sample
      populations in two small Pennsylvania communities with widely different air
      pollution levels. The sample populations had been the subject of a Public Health
      Service study at the beginning of the period and air quality measurements were
      made at that time. The influence of smoking on mortality was clearly evident. A
      relationship was suggested between mortality rate and length of residence in the
      polluted community (age-adjusted), but not in the control community. The
      hypothesis is suggested that immigrants to a polluted area are a self-selected,
      unusually healthy group. While the small population size precluded definitive
      conclusions on the influence of air pollution on mortality, it appears that those
      with over 20 years exposure to air pollution in the polluted community (151
      mug/m3 suspended particulate, 3.7 mg/100 cm2/day sulfation rate) have about one
      tenth the excess mortality of those smoking one pack of cigarettes a day in the
      control community (109 mug/m3, 0.6 mg/100 cm2/day). The data are consistent with
      the hypothesis that the effects of smoking and air pollution are additive.

PMID- 973739
TI  - Trace metal studies in Bushman hair.
AB  - Bushman women appear to have sufficient stores of iron and zinc during pregnancy
      and lactation; as a result, iron deficiency anemia is rare in Bushman women, even
      in pregnancy. Hair samples from Bushman women (young nonpregnant, lactating, and
      postmenopausal) and men were analyzed for iron, zinc, and copper content. Values
      obtained were compared with those for groups of Bantu and American inner-city
      mothers. Mean iron levels in the hair were found to be high (173 ppm) for
      lactating Bushman women, as compared with 43.2 ppm in the group of Bantu women,
      and 22.9 ppm in the group of American inner-city women. Zinc levels also were
      higher in the Bushman women. Mean copper values were much higher in the American
      inner-city mothers (19.9 ppm) than in the Bushman women (8.0 ppm) or in the
      lactating Bantu women (9.9 ppm). The sum of the metals may be more important than
      the individual concentrations.

PMID- 973740
TI  - Low-tar and high-tar cigarettes.
AB  - Mice were exposed for 7 to 8 minutes on weekdays to fresh smoke from high-tar
      (HT) or low-tar (LT) cigarettes for varying periods of up to 36 weeks. Mice
      exposed to HT cigarettes exhibited more marked alterations in humoral immune
      responsiveness, hematological profiles, and pulmonary pathologic findings than
      those exposed to LT cigarettes. However, cell-mediated immune responsiveness to
      both bacterial and tumor-specific antigens was depressed similarly in animals
      exposed to HT or LT cigarettes. Furthermore, the growth rates of subcutaneously
      established tumors were enhanced similarly in the two groups, with respect to
      those in control animals.

PMID- 973741
TI  - Acute demeton poisoning in a child.
AB  - An acute case of demeton poisoning in a child is described. Intially, typical
      signs of organophosphate poisoning were not present, and the illness was thought
      to be aliphatic hydrocarbon (fuel oil) intoxication. When correct diagnosis was
      first suspected, treatment with pralidoxime chloride and atropine sulfate
      produced some perilous complications, but was probably life-saving ultimately.
      Plasma (pseudo) cholinesterase levels 15 to 41 hours after exposure ranged from
      0.24 to 0.48 international units (IU). Approximate normal value (2.5 IU) was not
      reached until 5 1/2 days after exposure. Transdermal poisoning by demeton was
      confirmed by its presence (15.4 mg/l) in the suspected fuel oil and, at high
      levels, in several articles of the child's clothing. Verification of expected
      urinary metabolites helped confirm the diagnosis of demeton poisoning. The
      availability of rapid blood cholinesterase field tests in hospital laboratories,
      especially in agricultural areas, is pointed out as an urgent need.

PMID- 973742
TI  - Lead content of printed matter.

PMID- 973743
TI  - [Plant antigens with immunological properties. II. Further studies of the
      chemical characteristics and immunological properties of a grass pollen extract].
AB  - This second study carried out on an extract of two grass pollens (Poa pratensis
      and Phleum pratense) demonstrated the presence of N-acetilglucosamine and sialic
      acid in the extract (RFEX). Moreover the extract has confirmed its
      characteristics biologic activity i.e. the inhibition of the phenomenon of immune
      hemolysis with a different technique too, even having the antibodies of the
      treated animals the complement fixing activity. No appreciable changes of the
      immunoelectrophoresis pattern in the serum of the immunized mice have been
      noticed.

PMID- 973744
TI  - [Studies of some biochemical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of 30 L
      strains of Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - The production of coagulase, DNase and haemolysins by 30 L-forms obtained from as
      many strains of Staphylococcus aureus having these properties, has been studied
      using different techniques. All of L-strains produced coagulase, for the most
      part after incubation for 24 h, but only some produced DNase and haemolisins. At
      the same time, the sensitivities of various antibiotics of staphyloccal L-forms
      and the parent strains has been determined. All of L-forms, as regards to
      bacterial form from which they were derived, showed an high resistance to
      antibiotics of which the primary site of action is upon cell wall (penicillin,
      ampicillin, methicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin), with the exception of
      bacitracin. The tetracycline was more effective against the L-forms, while the
      group that includes chloramphenicol, novobiocin, streptomycin, gentamycin and
      kanamycin inhibited coccal and L-forms about equally.

PMID- 973745
TI  - [Studies of the enterotoxin production capacity of L forms derived from
      enterotoxic strains of Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - The production of enterotoxin by L-forms obtained from strains of Staphylococcus
      aureus (10 enterotoxin A-producing strains, 7 enterotoxin B, 2 enterotoxin C and
      1 which produced both enterotoxins A and C) has been studied by agar-gel
      diffusion technique. Using a proper technique, enterotoxin could be detected for
      4 L-forms; 3 of these produced the same enterotoxin as parent strain (2
      enterotoxin A and 1 enterotoxin B). As regards the other L-form, obtained from
      strain of St. Aureus which produced both enterotoxins A and C, only enterotoxin A
      could be detected.

PMID- 973746
TI  - [Detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in subjects with repeated
      abortions, perinatal mortality and malformed infants].
AB  - The AA. investigated the frequency of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in 426
      women with repeated abortions, perinatal mortality and malformed newborns. They
      showed on the whole a low incidence even if they demonstrated a high incidence
      (77.7%) of antibodies in women with malformed newborns. The meaning of the
      observations are briefly discussed.

PMID- 973747
TI  - [Lipids in Taenia saginata].
AB  - Lipids of Taenia saginata were analyzed by means of thin layer chromatography and
      gas liquid chromatography. Total lipids comprised about 3.3% of the fresh weight
      and consisted mainly of triglycerides (65.62%), sterols (19.58%), phospholipids
      (10.16%). The fatty acids of the triglycerides were mainly unsaturated and
      differed from those of phospholipids. The parasite has practically no "de novo"
      fatty acid biosynthesis, although this cestode did synthetize complex lipids from
      single lipids provided by the diet.

PMID- 973748
TI  - Vagotomy and drainage procedure for duodenal ulcer: The results of seventeen
      years' experience.
AB  - During the 10 years prior to January, 1968, 455 duodenal ulcer patients were
      operated upon at the University of Florida affiliated hospitals. The early
      results were reported in 1969. The present study is a followup of the same
      patients now 7 to 17 years after vagotomy and drainage. Twenty-four per cent were
      lost to followup. The ulcer recurrence rate was 5.8 per cent. All the recurrent
      ulcers that were not gastric in location (4.9%) occurred within 5 years after the
      original operative procedure with a mean of 2.6 years. The gastric ulcers (0.9%)
      occurred at a much later date with a mean of 6 years. It is concluded that
      vagotomy and gastric drainage is a satisfactory modality of therapy for duodenal
      ulcer. It can be accomplished with an acceptable morbidity and mortality and the
      long-term recurrence rate is low. If recurrences due to incomplete vagotomy do
      not occur within 5 years, they are unlikely to recur.

PMID- 973749
TI  - A porspective study of parietal cell vagotomy and selective vagotomy-antrectomy
      for treatment of duodenal ulcer.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, study involving 92 patients who required elective
      operation for treatment of duodenal ulcer was performed to compare the results of
      Parietal Cell Vagotomy (PCV) and selective vagotomy-antrectomy Billroth I (SV-A
      BI). The protocol was broken twice. One patient was unable to undergo PCV because
      of pyloric stenosis and one patients underwent Billroth II anastomosis instead of
      Billroth I because of post-bulbar stenosis. Performance of PCV was never aborted
      because a patient was obese. There were no deaths. Diarrhea, dumping and other
      gastric complaints were less frequent after PCV than after SV-A-BI for all time
      periods studies up to two years. Two months after operation, the Hollander tests
      were negative in 59% of patients after PCV and in 100% after SV-ABI. Inhibition
      of Bao and MAO were also significantly less after PCV than after SV-A-BI. Since
      vagotomy of the parietal cell mass was identical in both groups of patients it
      was concluded that the differences in the secretory rates and the fewer negative
      Hollander tests in the PCV group than in the SV-A-BI group were due to retention
      of the antrum irrespective of its innervation. There was no explanation for the
      gradual increase in the BAO in the PCV group. One recurrent ulcer occurred in the
      PCV group in a patient who overindulged in alcohol and aspirin. After 4 days of
      medical management, this superficial ulcer healed as demonstrated by endoscopy.
      There were no recurrent ulcers after SV-A-BI. As a result of this study, it is
      concluded that PCV is superior to SV-A-BI because of the lower frequency of
      postoperative complications, diarrhea, dumping and other symptoms associated with
      gastric surgery. PCV may be the operation of choice for the elective treatment of
      duodenal ulcer; however, it remains undetermined whether the recurrent ulcer rate
      following PCV will be sufficiently low that the procedure can retain a position
      of superiority over SV-A-BI.

PMID- 973750
TI  - Complications of vagotomy in the treatment of hiatal hernia.
AB  - Inclusion of vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the surgical treatment of
      gastroesophageal reflux associated with hiatal hernia has long been
      controversial. To evaluate the morbidity of vagotomy in the treatment of reflux
      esophagitis, a retrospective study of 311 patients treated by the Hill posterior
      gastropexy technique of hiatal hernia repair was tabulated. Vagotomy with the
      anti-reflux operation was performed upon 159 patients (51%). Vagotomy was not
      included for 152 patients (49%). The incidence of postoperative symptoms with or
      without vagotomy was almost equally divided--41% without vagotomy and 47% with
      vagotomy. However, the major postoperative symptoms that occurred in both groups
      were abdominal cramps and bloating which usually disappeared in the early
      postoperative period and were attributed to the anti-reflux procedure and not to
      vagotomy. When vagotomy was included with the anti-reflux operation, the
      incidence and duration of long term, disabling postoperative symptoms were
      significantly increased. Diarrhea occurred two times more frequently. Nausea and
      vomiting occurred ten times more frequently and dumping was present only in
      vagotomized patients. Long term postoperative symptoms, judged on a basis of
      symptoms lasting longer than three months duration, occurred in 1% of patients
      without vagotomy and 26% when vagotomy was included. This study revealed that no
      additional protection against recurrent symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux or
      radiographic evidence of recurrent hiatal hernia was provided by inclusion of
      vagotomy. In conclusion, vagotomy is contraindicated in the treatment of
      gastroesophageal reflux except in the presence of peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 973751
TI  - Total duodenal diversion for treatment of reflux esophagitis uncontrolled by
      repeated antireflux procedures.
AB  - The operations of Nissen, Hill, and Belsey are adequate in controlling
      esophaegeal reflux in the majority of patients. In a small percentage however,
      objective and subjective evidence of esophagitis persists in spite of repeated
      operations to restore lower esophageal sphincter competency. These failures are
      then usually treated by operative procedures of great magnitude involving organ
      interposition. Repeated antireflux operations directed to the gastroesophageal
      area may in some instances result in impairment of blood supply with an increased
      risk of both esophageal and gastric fistulae. In the past many observers have
      felt that reflux esophagitis resulted solely from the effects of acid-pepsin
      secretions bathing the distal esophagus. Recently experimental and clinical data
      have indicated the importance of duodenal contents in the etiology and
      perpetuation of reflux esophagitis. During a recent two year period, 6 patients
      with persistent reflux esophagitis uncontrolled by repeated antireflux procedures
      have been seen on our service. These 6 patients, underwent 12 unsuccessful
      antireflux operations elsewhere. Three of the 6 patients had also been subjected
      to vagotomy-antrectomy for a coexisting duodenal ulcer. A marked lowering of
      gastric acidity took place but esophageal reflux and esophagitis persisted. These
      three patients were treated on our service by takedown of the Billroth I
      anastomosis, closure of the duodenal stump and diversion of the duodenal contents
      into a Roux-en-Y limb. Three other patients who had undergone unsuccessful
      antireflux procedures alone were subjected to antral resection, Roux-en-Y
      diversion and transthoracid vagotomy. This simplified appraoch to the treatment
      of persistent esophageal reflux uncontrolled by repeated antireflux procedures
      has given satisfactory results. The operation should be considered when technical
      considerations preclude further surgical attempts to perform another effective
      antireflux operation. Total duodenal diversion should, however, not be considered
      as the primary operation for the patient suffering from reflux esophagitis.
      However, in circumstances discussed above this direct approach appears preferable
      to major resectional procedures.

PMID- 973752
TI  - A current appraisal of problems with gangrenous bowel.
AB  - Gangrenous bowel most often results from hernia, adhesions and mesenteric
      insufficiency. The overall mortality rate for 151 cases was 37%. This figure was
      20% for hernia, 23% for adhesions and 74% for mesenteric insufficiency. In the
      latter category where bowel resection was feasable the mortality rate was 40%.
      Other causes of bowel gangrene had a mortality rate of 28%. In many instances the
      pathophysiologic processes were of such a nature that current medical expertise
      has not reached a level of development to effectively cope with the situation.
      There were, however, a significant number of cases where survival may have been
      achieved had it not been for deficiences on the part of the patient, the primary
      health care personnel or those in attendence at the referral center. The basic
      keystone for a successful outcome in the management of patients with the
      gangrenous bowel problem is early surgical intervention. All will be lost if
      patient exposure to this source of lethal toxins is allowed to proceed to an
      irreversible stage. Liberal antibiotic administration probably postpones the
      arrival of intractable hypotension. Other factors which can be expected to
      improve the survival rate include minimization of technical errors, repair of
      incidental hernias, elemination of dependence upon nasogastric tubes for the
      definitive management of patients with complete bowel obstruction (with one or
      two exceptions), and a firm commitment to the diligent pursuit and early
      definitive management of postoperative complications.

PMID- 973753
TI  - Use of aminoglycosides in surgical infections.
AB  - Most infections on the surgical ward are due to one or more gram-negative rods,
      acting either as the sole pathogens or as principal components in a polymicrobial
      flora. To date, parenteral aminoglycosides have proven to be the most effective
      antibiotics for control or treatment of such sepsis. Unfortunately, however,
      serious complications as well as therapeutic failures do occur. During a 40-month
      period, 405 surgical patients receiving aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin,
      Sisomicin, or Amikacin) were prospectively studied with respect to: indications
      for antibiotic; patient population; serum concentrations of antibiotic according
      to route of administration, dose in mg/kg/day, and renal function; rapidity of
      antibiotic excretion in the urine; causative bacteria and their sensitivities to
      each aminoglycoside as determined by both disc and tube dilution methods;
      severity and frequency of drug complications; and clinical efficacy of each study
      antibiotic. Results supported the contention of a superior effectiveness from
      aminoglycosides for established abdominal and unspecified surgical infections,
      more rapid development of therapeutic blood levels by intravenous administration,
      need to alter drug dose according to frequent serum creatinine determinations,
      increased drug toxicity in dehydrated and shocked patients, preventability of
      complicating Candida sepsis, and the importance of early as well as adequate
      surgical debridement and drainage.

PMID- 973754
TI  - Diagnosis and management of blunt abdominal trauma.
AB  - The records of 437 patients with blunt abdominal trauma admitted to Charity
      Hospital, New Orleans, from 1967-1973 have been reviewed and computer-analyzed.
      There was an 80% increase in the incidence of blunt abdominal trauma when
      compared with the preceding 15-year experience. Forty-three per cent of all the
      patients presented with no specific complaint or sign of injury. Blunt abdominal
      injury was usually diagnosed preoperatively using conventional methods including
      history, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests and x-rays. Abdominal
      paracentesis via a Potter needle had an 86% accuracy. The incidence and
      management of specific organ injuries with associated morbidity and mortality
      have been discussed. Mortality and morbidity continue to be significant in blunt
      abdominal trauma. Isolated abdominal injuries rarely (5%) resulted in death, even
      though abdominal injuries accounted for 41% of all deaths. Associated injuries,
      especially head injury, greatly increased the risk. The insidious nature of blunt
      abdominal injury is borne out by the fact that more than one-third of the
      "asymptomatic" patients had an abdominal organ injured. A high index of suspicion
      and an adequate observation period therefore are mandatory for proper care of
      patients subjected to blunt trauma.

PMID- 973755
TI  - The healing of liver wounds.
AB  - Cases of traumatic hemobilia are often characterized by a protracted history with
      recurrent episodes of hemorrhage over many years. It seems that while the liver
      regenerates quickly and profusely it heals slowly and poorly. This is in
      contradistinction to the kidneys where lesions often heal within a short time. In
      order to investigate the cause of this peculiar behavior a series of experiments
      was performed where local lesions were produced in the musculature, in the
      kidneys and in the liver of dogs. The healing process was studied at different
      intervals. There was essentially no difference between the rate and character of
      healing in the three localities. As the lesions that produce hemobilia are open
      to the biliary tract, another series of experiments was performed where the
      healing took place in presence of bile. The effect of this was striking with a
      very diminished production of fibrinous exudate, granulating tissue and fibrous
      scar.

PMID- 973756
TI  - Selective operative treatment for tetraology of Fallot: rationale and results.
AB  - Eighty-one patients with tetralogy of Fallot malformations evaluated between July
      1, 1971 and November, 1975 are presented. Fifty-one patients underwent primary
      intracardiac repair; three died. Twenty-seven patients were corrected after a
      previous palliative shunt; there was one death. Three additional patients have
      been palliated and are awaiting repair. While the overall mortality in these
      patients was less than 5%, the infants undergoing total correction before the age
      of two years appeared to be at greater risk (25%). There were no deaths in the
      group of patients undergoing palliative procedures. Based on these data it
      appears that a safely performed palliative shunt in the symptomatic small infant
      is a reasonable first step, particularly if the outflow tract of the right
      ventricle is diffusely hypoplastic.

PMID- 973757
TI  - Peripheral arterial injuries: a reassessment.
AB  - Ninety-four patients with peripheral arterial injuries were subjected to acute
      repair, negative exploration, or late repair of the complications of the arterial
      injury (false aneurysm, A-V fistula, and/or limb ischemia). The causes of failure
      after acute injury include extensive local soft tissue and bony damage, severe
      concomitant head, chest or abdominal wounding, stubborn reliance on negative
      arteriograms in patients with probable arterial injury, failure to repair
      simultaneous venous injuries, or harvesting of a vein graft from a severely
      damaged extremity. There is a positive correlation between non-operative
      expectant treatment and the incidence of late vascular complications requiring
      late arterial repair. Delayed complications of arterial injuries occurred most
      frequently in wounds below the elbow and knee.

PMID- 973758
TI  - Tibial and peroneal bypass in severe occlusive disease of the lower extremities.
AB  - Symptomatic arteriosclerotic occlusive disease involving the femoral and proximal
      popliteal arteries is currently best treated by reversed autogenous saphenous
      vein bypass graft. Severe occlusive disease frequently includes the popliteal
      and/or origin of the trifurcation vessels with reconstitution of one or more of
      the vessels in the lower leg. We have used distal bypass 97 times in 90 patients
      during the past decade. There was only one postoperative death in the series in
      spite of the advanced age and concurrent disease in the majority  of the
      patients. Our indications for operation continue to be relief of pain or salvage
      of an extremity. We rely on high quality preoperative angiograms for selection of
      vessels to receive the bypass. The posterior tibial artery was used in 63 of the
      cases, while the anterior tibial and peroneal were used in 24 and 10 cases,
      respectively. There were 11 immediate inhospital failures in this series of 97
      cases requiring amputation in five. Three additional patients had amputations
      during the ensuing several months. Of the 85 grafts functioning at the time of
      discharge from the hospital, 16 or (18.8%) failed during the first years. Grafts
      that remained patent for one year have a high incidence of long term patency
      which is in keeping with other reported series.

PMID- 973759
TI  - Pneumonectomy: review of 351 cases.
AB  - Among 351 patients undergoing pneumonectomy, the mortality was 6%, and when the
      operation was performed for malignant disease, the mortality was 8.5%. Much of
      the risk of the operation is associated with the age, physiologic state, and
      associated diseases which are prevalent in patients who require pneumonectomy.
      The conduct of the operative procedure itself is of paramount importance since
      complications clearly increase the mortality. Operative mishaps predispose to
      postoperative complications, and the addition of postoperative problems to the
      operative complications combine to bring the mortality to 24%. Careful
      hemostasis, meticulous technique, fluid and blood replacement, as well as careful
      preoperative and postoperative management combine to produce an acceptable
      mortality in this serious procedure.

PMID- 973760
TI  - Repair of inflammatory tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Benign acquired tracheoesophageal fistula is uncommon. Erosin of the membranous
      wall of the trachea and the anterior esophageal wall by the high-pressure cuff on
      a tracheostomy tube, often against the anvil of a nasogastric tube, may produce
      such fistulas. Techniques for closure have included patching the tracheal defect
      with muscle and, often, multiple staged procedures, planned or unplanned. Since
      any cuff lesion severe enough to cause a fistula necessarily damages the trachea
      circumferentially at the same level, definitive correction must include
      circumferential tracheal resection as well as closure of the fitstula. Five
      patients with tracheoesophageal fistula due to cuff perforation had repair by
      such a single-stage procedure. Through an anterior approach the involved trachea
      was resected, primary anastomosis was done, and the esophagus was closed in
      layers. In 3 of these 5 patients muscle was interposed for added security. One
      patient had undergone a prior attempt at repair elsewhere. One required a second
      resection of trachea for subsequent stomal stenosis. Repair in 2 additional
      patients with fistulas of complex origin related to direct trauma, sepsis, and
      foreign body involved adaptation of the basic technique to the special problem; 1
      of these procedures was necessarily staged. Results in all 7 patients have been
      good.

PMID- 973761
TI  - Interruption of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with respiratory
      distress syndrome.
AB  - In infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) hypoxemia inhibits closure of
      the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow
      with subsequent increased hypoxemia. In an attempt to interrupt this cycle 42
      consecutive premature infants with RDS and PDA, weighing between 550 and 2,000 gm
      (average, 1,383 gm) and with an average gestational age of 31 weeks, were
      arbitrarily treated either medically (13 patients) or by interruption of the PDA
      (20 patients). Eleven patients who were initially treated medically could not be
      weaned from the respirator and later underwent operation. There were no operative
      or anesthetic deaths; late survival was 65% (20 patients). The last 31 patients
      were randomly divided into operative and nonoperative groups. Preliminary results
      revealed no significant differences in late survival between the two groups.
      Since the operative risk is minimal, further investigative efforts are indicated
      to settle this issue.

PMID- 973762
TI  - Patent ductus arteriosus ligation and respiratory distress syndrome in premature
      infants.
AB  - Ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus was carried out in 22 premature infants,
      20 with concomitant respiratory distress. The duration of high-volume shunting is
      critical in determining the prognosis for these infants. Because of the low
      surgical mortality and morbidity and the high incidence of bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia in babies managed conservatively, infants with respiratory distress
      syndrome (RDS) who are respirator dependent should undergo ligation as soon as
      the presence of large left-to-right shunting is detetmined. Premature infants
      without RDS or those with mild RDS who are not respirator dependent can be
      managed medically or with elective ligation. Surgical intervention is strongly
      indicated in patients with persistent congestive heart failure and respiratory
      failure. Echocardiography offers an accurate and risk-free approach to the early
      diagnosis of a large left-to-right shunt through the ductus.

PMID- 973763
TI  - Premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus and respiratory distress:
      selection for ductal ligation.

PMID- 973764
TI  - The ductus debate: ligation in prematurity?
AB  - This report describes 20 premature infants who have undergone surgical ligation
      of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), diagnosed solely by physical examination in
      all but 2 instances. There were no operative deaths. Eleven of these 20 infants
      had severe associated hyaline membrane disease (HMD) necessitating mechanical
      ventilatory support from the first or second day of life. Only 3 of these 11
      infants (27%) ultimately survived to leave the hospital. In contrast, 8 of 9
      premature meonates (89%) with severe congestive heart failure but without HMD
      were discharged alive. Surgical ligation of the PDA in a premature infant is an
      appropriate and successful mode of treatment when congestive heart failure is
      refractory to medical management. Proof is lacking, however, to establish the
      efficacy of PDA ligation in the premature infant with HMD.

PMID- 973765
TI  - Outpatient management of intercostal tube drainage in spontaneous pneumothorax.
AB  - In a series of 226 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, 167 (74%) were managed
      successfully on an outpatient basis by observation (20%) or by intercostal tube
      drainage and a flutter valve (54%). Only 59 patients (26%) were hospitalized, and
      42 of these were treated surgically (18.6%). Outpatient management with a flutter
      valve has proved to be safe, efficient, and economical.

PMID- 973766
TI  - Cardiac performance and oxygen consumption during intracardiac operations in
      children.
AB  - Cardiac performance and oxygen consumption in 30 patients undergoing surgical
      treatment for congenital cardiac disease were determined from intraoperative
      measurements. Arterial pressure, cardiac index, mean left ventricular hydraulic
      output power, pulmonary artery oxygen saturation were obtained at average mean
      left atrial pressures of 8.1 and 15.2 cm H2O after cardiopulmonary bypass in 20
      patients. These same variables were measured at an average pulmonary artery
      saturation of 65 and 75% in 30 patients. A composite of measurements of cardiac
      performance was desirable to guide precise patient care intraoperatively,
      especially if myocardial function was compromised. It is suggested that left
      atrial pressure be maintained at a level that results in a pulmonary artery
      saturation greater than 65%.

PMID- 973767
TI  - The effects of sterilization and storage treatments on the stress-strain behavior
      of aortic valve leaflets.
AB  - An investigation was made of the feasibility of using tensile tests to detect
      alterations in the molecular structure of aortic valve tissue brought about by
      sterilizing or storage treatments. Stress-strain tests were carried out on fresh
      valve leaflets from pigs and repeated with the same specimens after specified
      sterilization or storage treatments. It was found that the stress at a given
      strain was increased by treatment with ethylene oxide, buffered formalin, and
      tissue culture solution and decreased by treatment with antibiotics. The least
      change was with tissue culture solution and antibiotics. It has been suggested
      that the best method of allograft sterilization should involve minimal structural
      alteration to the collagen and elastic  components of the tissue. Thus, treatment
      with tissue culture solution and antibiotics seems appropriate.

PMID- 973768
TI  - Carbon monoxide accumulation during extracoporeal membrane oxygenation for acute
      respiratory failure.
AB  - A marked increase in the carbon monoxide level in the blood sufficient to
      interfere with oxygen binding of hemoglobin was observed in a 43-year-old man
      during the course of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support for acute
      respiratory failure from viral pneumonitis. The increased carbon monoxide level
      in this man was temporally related to the transfusion of large amounts of old
      bank blood. The etiology of an increased level of carbon monoxide in the blood
      during extracorporeal circulation is discussed and solutions to this problem are
      suggested.

PMID- 973769
TI  - Letter: Superior vena cava obstruction.

PMID- 973770
TI  - [Medico-social activities of the French Red Cross].

PMID- 973771
TI  - [Value of fibrinogen level measurement in neonatal infections due to maternal 
      contamination].
AB  - Fibrinogen, factors V, II and VII + X assays have been performed by micromethod
      on day 1, 2 and 3 in 275 newborn infants (full-term and premature) over a period
      of one year -- 20 infants had proved bacterial infection (from maternal
      contamination) with positive cultures. The control group included 20 normal
      newborns in the same range of gestational age. The increase of the fibrinogen
      level in the infected infants appeared to be significant on day 1 and 2 but not
      on day 3 (Day 1: 4,06 g/l +/- 0,74 g/l versus 2,06 g/l +/- 0,28 g/l in normal
      newborn. p less than 0.0001; on Day 2: 4,20 +/- 0,86 g/l versus 2,32 g/l +/- 0,09
      g/l p less than 0.001; on Day 3: 3,68 g/l +/- 0,62 versus 3,36 +/- 0,66 g/l). The
      level of fibrinogen measured in the newborn period by the micromethod was in a
      accordance with former works showing that it is up th the adult value after the
      3rd day of life. Since the micromethod on capillary blood requires only 140
      microliters of blood (whereas 2 ml with macromethod) this fibrinogen
      determination appears to be a rapid and reliable method for the diagnosis of
      neonatal infection due to materno-fetal contamination.

PMID- 973772
TI  - [Kniest's disease, (a familial case)].
AB  - Kniest's disease (spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia) was recently described by
      Maroteaux and Spranger. A second familial case is studied. Transmission of the
      disease occurred as a dominant trait.

PMID- 973773
TI  - [Prevention of the major hyperthermia syndrome in the infant].

PMID- 973774
TI  - [Relations between practitioner pediatricians and hospital pediatricians].

PMID- 973775
TI  - [Sexual endocrinology of newborn infants].

PMID- 973776
TI  - [Treatment of insulin-dependent juvenile diabetes].

PMID- 973777
TI  - [Infantile and juvenile hypothyroidism with the gland in place and low radio
      iodide uptake].
AB  - 27 hypothyroid infants of children, with a low iodine uptake in spite of a
      thyroid gland or thyroid tissue in normal pretracheal place, have been studied.
      21 cases are related to primary thyroid involvement leading to vanishing iodine
      or technetium uptake. In 8 of these cases, clinical onset in late childhood, high
      frequency of antithyroid antibodies and of familial thyroid dysfunction were
      similar to those found in childhood's thyroiditis. 8 other cases had a precocious
      onset (first months in 6, first year in 1, second year in 1) with some
      pretracheal iodine uptake when first studied and no uptake at further
      examinations, 1 patient having received no treatment from first to second study,
      the others being without treatment from more than two months and certain of them
      receiving injections of TSH. The last 5 cases of this group were those of
      children born to 2 mothers with treated hypothyroidism, with low iodine uptake in
      pretracheal place. The role of genetic factors and auto-immunity in theses cases
      is discussed. The 6 other patients had clinically isolated hypothyroidism
      secondary to TSH deficiency, eventually associated to clinically inapparent GH or
      ACTH deficiencies, most of them by hypothalamic defect with normal response to
      TRH.

PMID- 973778
TI  - [Stimulation by the propranolol-glucagon test of somatotropin secretion in 71
      children. Results, statistical study and comparison with the insulin-arginine
      test].
AB  - Two tests of stimulation: insulin + arginine and propranolol + glucagon were
      successively performed in 62 children who were either normal or had essential
      growth retardation. Average peak value was 10.6 +/- 1.1 ng/ml in the first test
      and 22.8 +/- 1.4 ng/ml in the second. In 56 cases the response obtained with
      propranolol + glucagon was higher than that obtained with insulin + arginine.
      Twenty-four false negative results were obtained employing insulin + arginine,
      stimulation by propranolol + glucagon resulting in normal values. The
      determination of the confidence interval at 95% and of the 3rd percentile did not
      allow to establish the lower threshold for the insulin + arginine test. For the
      propranolol + glucagon test 7.6 ng/ml for the interval at 95% and 8 ng/ml for 3rd
      percentile were found as minimal threshold. Therefore, a response below 8 ng/ml
      should be considered as pathological with the latter test.

PMID- 973779
TI  - [Incidence of mother-child contamination by Candida albicans during labor].
AB  - Two different studies assessed that materno-fetal contamination at time of
      delivery is not the usual way of colonization of newborns with Candida albicans.
      In a first study, occurence of Candida albicans in neonate units disappeared
      owing to prophylactic measures, such as strict care in hospital hygiene. In a
      second study, detailed herein and performed in an obstetric ward, it was found
      that despite a rate of vaginal Candida carrier of 19 %, candidiasis in newborns
      was exceptional.

PMID- 973780
TI  - [Salt-losing syndrome in newborn infants with hyperaldosteronism. Presenting a
      sensitivity to mineralocorticoids. Pseudohypoaldosteronism].
AB  - A case of salt-loosing syndrome in infancy with hyperaldosteronism is reported.
      This patient was given high doses of 9 alpha Fluorocortisol (0.1 mg/kg/24 h),
      together with salt supplements. This treatment corrected the abnormality, while
      higher doses of salt supplements without such large amounts of Flurocortisol were
      ineffective.

PMID- 973781
TI  - [Hemophagocytic reticulosis with hypertriglyceridemia].
AB  - This syndrome is characterized by a hyper-triglyceridemia associated with a
      deficiency of the plasma lipolytic activity induced by heparin infusion. All
      signes ascribed to familial lymphohistocytosis were found in this patient. When a
      diagnosis of acute reticulosis in children is made, such biological
      characteristics should be searched for. Since in systemic lupus erythematosus an
      acquired and analogous type of hyperlipidemia has been described, the hypothesis
      of an immunological pathogenesis in familial lymphohistiocytosis may be
      plausible.

PMID- 973782
TI  - [Fundamental ideas on membrane transports].

PMID- 973783
TI  - An electron microscopic study of the ciliated cells in the human gastric mucosa.
AB  - Ciliated cells were found in the mucosa of the human stomach in three patients.
      In two cases they occurred in the pyloric mucosa of patients with intestinal
      metaplasia who were operated on for duodenal ulcer. In the other case, they
      occurred within a polypoid lesion. They were located in small limited areas. The
      cells were densely ciliated, each cilium showing a typical 9+2 fibrilar pattern.
      Ciliated cells are not found in normal gastric mucosa and this suggests that they
      occur only in pathologically altered mucosa.

PMID- 973784
TI  - Interosseous muscles in claw finger.
AB  - The third and fourth fingers of the normal hands of 75 adult subjects were tested
      for active finger extension with the wrists in neutral position. Seventy-two of
      the subjects could not actively extend the interphalangeal (IP) joints when the
      metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints were passively and maximally extended. However,
      the IP joints could be passively extended without pain in 67 subjects and with
      pain in 5 subjects. This indicated that the inability to actively extend the IP
      joints when the MCP joints were maximally extended is seldom due to tightness of
      the flexor tendons. Electromyographic recordings of the interossei muscles in one
      subject showed voluntary activity of these muscles with the MCP joints maximally
      extended while the IP joints remained flexed. A macrospoic study was made of the
      dissected third and fourth fingers of five embalmed cadaver hands and, in two of
      these specimens polygraphic recordings were made with the use of the strain
      gauge. In each of these specimens, when traction was applied in the appropriate
      interosseous muscle, movement of the lateral band of the extensor aponeurosis was
      noted when the MCP joint was at neutral or slight flexion, while no motion could
      be detected when the MCP joint was in maximal extension. Thus, maximal extension
      of the MCP joint blocks not only the action of the extensor digitorum communis
      tendon, as shown by Mulder and Landsmeer, but also blocks the action of the
      interossei in extension of the fingers. This explains the mechanism of
      development of claw finger in those cases without intrinsic hand muscle
      paralysis.

PMID- 973785
TI  - Hand dominance and scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and scoliosis were
      studied. In all but one patient the major convexity was to the side of the
      dominant hand. The unsupported growing spine is easily unbalanced by asymmetrical
      forces imposed on it. From our observations we believe major use of a single
      upper extremity will result in scoliosis with the major convexity toward the side
      of the dominant hand. Management should include counterbalancing the postural
      abnormality imposed by hand dominance as well as unloading the spine frequently
      during the patient's waking hours.

PMID- 973786
TI  - Benign hydroarthrosis of knee in patients with spinal cord injury.
AB  - Swelling of the knee joint occurred in 8 of 35 patients with spinal cord injury;
      in seven of the eight patients the swelling developed within the first eight
      months after injury. Six of the eight patients had flaccid paraplegia. None of
      the patients showed any constitutional or local changes other than swelling. No
      laboratory evidence of inflammation could be detected. Swelling disappeared in
      two to six weeks and no sequelae were noted. Although trauma appeared to be the
      most likely cause of the swelling. Only one of four joints showed hemarthrosis on
      aspiration.

PMID- 973787
TI  - Marriage and divorce after spinal cord injury.
AB  - The outcome o,f marriages contracted after spinal cord injury suffered by males
      was examined via the questionnaire method. Of those whose first marriage occurred
      after their injury, the divorce rate was 24.4%. Of those whose were married prior
      to injury and then remarried following injury, 16.4% were divorced. If all post
      injury marriages are considered, the divorce rate is 23.1%. This is close to the
      divorce rate of the United States as a whole. The outcome of post-injury
      marriages was also examined with respect to time since injury, level of injury,
      presence of post-injury children, and post-injury education and employment.
      Particular attention was given to those males who had never been married prior to
      their injury.

PMID- 973788
TI  - Sex counseling in cardiac rehabilitation.

PMID- 973789
TI  - Prosthetic rehabilitation of a paraplegic with bilateral hip disarticulation and
      partial pelvectomy.

PMID- 973790
TI  - Ankle-knee synchronous in a new endoskeletal above-knee prosthetic mechanism: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - A new above-knee prosthetic mechanism with synchronous motions of the knee and
      ankle has been designed based on kinematic principles. Knee flexion is
      synchronized with ankle dorsiflexion by a synchronizer rod and lever. Unlike
      other above-knee units, the knee joint is aligned about one inch in front of a
      line between the hip and the ankle joints, which appears to decrease the energy
      requirements of gait. The swing-phase control system provides constant friction
      during ordinary cadence and variable friction during rapid swinging of the leg.
      The addition of a quadrilateral socket, a modified SACH foot and a cosmetic foam
      plastic cover provides the complete endoskeletal above-knee prosthesis. The
      resulting gait has been found to be faster, easier and more natural, and the
      three optional knee settings serve the needs of different amputees and
      activities.

PMID- 973791
TI  - A mechanical resting surface: its effect on pressure distribution.
AB  - This study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of a dynamic resting surface
      which, at regular intervals, provides sitting patients complete relief of
      pressure for short periods of time. Resting pressure extremes ranged from 0 mm Hg
      to 160 mm Hg, depending on the position of the roller supports. At all positions,
      including the area beneath the ischial tuberosities, the pressures were well
      within the range of capillary pressure and usually dropped to zero pressure at
      regular intervals. This mechanical surface may be the beginning of a new concept
      in resting surfaces. In addition to providing intermittent relief of pressure to
      the sitting area, the surface lends itself and the patient to a mobility that has
      not been heretofore possible.

PMID- 973792
TI  - Foot disabilities: use of a plantar mold.

PMID- 973793
TI  - Rehabilitation of the severely disabled? How are we doing? Where are we going?

PMID- 973794
TI  - The social and environmental aspects of rehabilitation.

PMID- 973796
TI  - Pacemaker problems.

PMID- 973795
TI  - Spontaneous potentials.

PMID- 973797
TI  - Inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis in hamster kidney cells infected with
      western equine encephalitis virus.
AB  - Infection of BHK cells with western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus resulted in
      rapid inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis. The rate of inhibition of DNA
      synthesis depended on the multiplicity of infection, and was closely related to
      virus replication. Cellular DNA synthesis was not inhibited in infected BHK cells
      that had been irradiated with ultraviolet radiation. These results indicated that
      a functional viral genome was required for the inhibition of DNA synthesis by WEE
      virus. The sharp decrease in thymidine incorporation into the acid-insoluble
      fraction was not due to a change in the intracellular pool of the acid-soluble
      fraction. Sedimentation analysis in alkaline sucrose gradients was used to show
      that cellular DNA was not degraded during WEE viirus infection. DNA polymerase
      activity in infected cells was not significantly reduced.

PMID- 973798
TI  - Characterization of Orungo virus, an orbivirus from Uganda and Nigeria.
AB  - Orungo virus was studied in cell culture and mice by light and electron
      microscopy. The virus developed in the cytoplasm of infected cells in mouse brain
      and cell culture in association with a specific viral granular matrix and
      accompanying filaments. Virus particle size was 63 nm with a core diameter of 34
      nm. Most particles were released from infected cells by lysis, but some budded
      through membranes and assumed a "pseudoenvelope". In its morphology and mode of
      morphogenesis, Orungo virus was indistinguishable from other described
      orbiviruses.

PMID- 973799
TI  - Kinetics of heat inactivation of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.
AB  - Thermal inactivation of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus (VEEV) was
      studied at temperatures from 26 degrees to 55 degrees C. Inactivation of
      infectivity took place by two thermodynamically different reactions, one of which
      predominated at temperatures below 44 degrees C and the other at higher
      temperatures. The presence of 1 or 2 M NaCl stabilized the VEE virus at low
      temperatures but enhanced the inactivation at high temperatures. This latter
      effect at temperatures higher than 50 degrees C, is associated with the
      occurrence of two-component survival curves. The different effects of hypertonic
      NaCl concentrations at the two ranges of temperature, are related to different
      mechanisms of inactivation operating at each range (protein denaturation and
      nucleic acid-RNA breakdown). Different kinetics of thermal inactivation at 55
      degrees C were observed between virus strains with different virulence. However,
      no significant correlations was found between the virulence of the eleven VEE
      virus strains studied and their thermostability at 37 degres and 55 degrees C.

PMID- 973800
TI  - Demonstration of non-infectious hemagglutinating particles of rabies virus and
      isolation of the hemagglutinin by disruption of the virion with Nonidet P-40.
AB  - Non-infectious hemagglutinating particles of rabies virus accumulated in the
      fluid phase of chick embryo cell cultures at 6 days post-infection, though they
      were undetectable at 4 days. They were characterized as looped filaments
      resembling viral envelope as revealed by electron microscopy. Another form of
      hemagglutinin (HAnin) was obtained by solubilization of partially purified
      virions with Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) followed by successive high speed and CsCl
      density gradient centrifugations. The density of the isolated HAnin averaged 1.28
      g/cm3. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the HAnin demonstrated that it
      was mainly composed of a glycoprotein (G) with a molecular weight of 83,000.
      Electron microscopically, it differed from the above non-infectious
      hemagglutinating particles, being much smaller in size and showing a star- or
      rosette-like appearance with a diameter of about 25 nm, composed of a central
      particle surrounded by particles resembling envelope-spikes. Virus-neutralizing
      (VN) and hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies were produced in rabbits
      immunized with the HAnin isolated from virions.

PMID- 973801
TI  - Disaggregation of vaccinia virus with ultrasonic cleaners.

PMID- 973802
TI  - Disease markers in acute multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Three serum components that are known to become elevated during inflammation and
      tissue destruction, C-reactive protein, C3 proactivator, and orosomucoid, which
      are acute phase reactants, and serum lgM were measured in patients with multiple
      sclerosis (MS) hospitalized with acute exacerbations. Significantly elevated
      levels of one or more of these serum components were found in 12 of 13 patients
      with clinically active MS. Serial studies in two patients revealed that clinical
      improvement was accompanied by a decline in the serum levels of these factors.
      These findings suggest that measurement of these serum proteins may be of value
      in assessing progress of disease activity in MS patients.

PMID- 973803
TI  - Perioptic meningiomas. Syndrome of long-standing visual loss, pale disk edema,
      and optociliary veins.
AB  - Three patients had a syndrome of progressive or long-standing visual loss, pale
      disk edema, and optociliary veins, indicating that a spheno-orbital meningioma
      had invaded the anterior perioptic meninges. To diagnose this syndrome, one must
      distinguish "disk edema" from "papilledema"; although both result from increased
      pressure within the perioptic subarachnoid space, disk edema is caused by a
      variety of lesions just behind the globe, whereas papilledema is caused by remote
      lesions that raise intracranial pressure. Optociliary veins reflect the slowness
      of progression of both processes. This ophthalmoscopic diagnosis carries
      important implications, namely, that the tumor grows very slowly and that
      surgical treatment will not improve vision. Therefore, excision may not be the
      treatment of choice.

PMID- 973804
TI  - Progressive spastic paraparesis and adrenal insufficiency.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy with progressive paraparesis, personality change, and seizures
      had laboratory evidence of adrenal insufficiency. Pathologic study showed
      cerebral edema, but no loss of myelin. Notable pathologic changes were limited to
      the spinal cord, where the corticospinal and spinocerebellar tracts were
      demyelinated. Lipid analysis of the brain was normal apart from the finding that
      galactocerebroside contained a higher proportion than normal of alpha-hydroxy
      fatty acids. We suggest that this case represents a distinct disease, differing
      importantly from adrenoleukodystrophy. The underlying defect appears to be in the
      early enzymatic pathway before cholesterol synthesis, although it is also
      possible that the defect is at the cell membrane.

PMID- 973805
TI  - Acute renal failure. A complication of cerebral angiography.
AB  - Acute renal failure after cerebral angiography is, to our knowledge, previously
      undescribed, yet well documented after other forms of angiography and intravenous
      urography. We will describe four patients with this complicaton and discuss
      factors in its pathogenesis.

PMID- 973806
TI  - Somatic anxiety attacks and propranolol.
AB  - Patients with acute anxiety-like attacks are often evaluated for various medical
      conditions, and, when nothing is found, their symptoms are attributed to
      psychogenic causes. "beta-Adrenergic hyperactivity" should be considered in these
      patients. Six patients are described who, we believe, are suffering from this
      condition. Low rates of isoproterenol hydrochloride infusion-precipitated
      symptoms that mimicked their spontaneous somatic anxiety attacks. Treatment with
      propranolol hydrochloride produced longterm symptomatic relief.

PMID- 973807
TI  - Hypothenar Dimpling. A peripheral equivalent of Hemifacial Spasm?
AB  - In two patients, the skin over both hypothenar eminences underwent intermittent,
      spontaneous, irregular, dimpling contractions. The dimpling was benign, and was
      the result of spontaneous discharge of motor units in the palmaris brevis muscle.
      Electrophysiological investigations localized the site of origin of the discharge
      to the ulnar nerve, possibly at the wrist, but there was no clinical or
      physiological evidence of neuropathy or of nerve compression. In many respects,
      the clinical and electrophysiological features of hypothenar dimpling resemble
      hemifacial spasm.

PMID- 973808
TI  - Cell volume and permeability of oxygen-and glucose-deprived retina in vitro.
AB  - Rabbit retina was deprived of O(2) and glucose in vitro for up to four hours at
      37 C. Intracellular volume was measured, using inulin as an extracellular marker.
      After a 30-minute latency, cells swelled rapidly to more than twice normal volume
      while extracellular volume was unchanged. Intracellular accumulation of water was
      not reversed by resupply of oxygen and glucose. Permeability to small molecules
      was assessed with mannitol. The ratio of mannitol space to inulin space averaged
      1.0 in controls. This ratio remained 1.0 up to 30 minutes of deprivation, but
      increased to 1.2 by 60 minutes. Permeability to large molecules was assessed from
      the rate of loss of isotopically labeled cell protein into the medium. There was
      no difference between control and deprived retinas up to three hours.

PMID- 973809
TI  - Retina subjected to components of ischemia in vitro. Selective vulnerability and
      minimum lethal exposure of neurons and glia to oxygen and/or glucose deprivation
      and to loss of exchange with incubating medium.
AB  - Rabbit retinas were incubated at 37 C in media lacking oxygen, glucose, or both,
      or sealed in a small compartment without medium to convert them to a "closed
      system." They were then returned to control medium before being fixed for
      microscopy. Other retinas were incubated only in control medium and then fixed.
      Conversion of the retina to a closed system caused irreversible damage to all
      cell types within 40 minutes. Combined deprivation of oxygen and glucose also
      irreversibly damaged the neuronal cells within 40 minutes, but Mueller cells,the
      principal glial cells of the retina, were not irreversibly altered by 90 minutes
      of the deprivation. Deprivation of oxygen alone caused irreversible damage to
      receptor cells in 80 minutes, but the cells of the inner nuclear layer, ganglion
      cells, and Mueller cells retained normal structure for at least 180 minutes.
      Deprivation of glucose alone damaged receptor cells in 160 minutes and the other
      neuronal cells in 180 minutes, but did not irreversibly damage Mueller cells by
      200 minutes.

PMID- 973810
TI  - Progressive rubella panencephalitis.
AB  - A patient with progressive rubella panencephalitis developed initial symptoms of
      neurologic deterioration 12 years after childhood German measles. Progressive
      rubella panencephalitis should be considered in adolescents with progressive
      dementia attended by pyradmidal and cerebellar dysfunction.

PMID- 973812
TI  - Physiological aspects of visual perception.

PMID- 973811
TI  - Brain stem auditory-evoked responses in suspected central pontine myelinolysis.
AB  - Central pontine myelinolysis was suspected in two chronic alcoholics who
      developed and recovered from a progressive spastic paresis of all muscles, that
      derived innervation at and below the level of the pons. In both cases, short
      latency auditory-evoked responses aided in the diagnosis by indicating a slowing
      of conduction in the pontine auditory pathway, which varied in degree with the
      severity of the clinical manifestations of pontine demyelination.

PMID- 973813
TI  - Visuospatial disorientation by a mesencephalic lesion in man.

PMID- 973814
TI  - Myoclonus and Alzheimer disease.

PMID- 973815
TI  - Prevalence and malignancy of Alzheimer disease.

PMID- 973816
TI  - Aluminum and Alzheimer disease.

PMID- 973817
TI  - Benzodiazepine anticonvulsant.

PMID- 973818
TI  - Perforating diathermy coagulation for retinal angiomas.
AB  - Perforating diathermy coagulation can be used efficiently to destroy large
      angiomas of the retina. Five patients who had developed large angiomas (greater
      than 5 disc diameters) in association with various retinal diseases were treated
      with this technique. The follow-up period ranged from 1 1/2 to 7 years, except
      for one case in which the patient died five days after the surgical procedure. 
      Several techniques of perforating diathermy are described, and the indications,
      surgical precautions, and complications of each method are discussed.

PMID- 973819
TI  - Visual effects of pilocarpine in glaucoma comparative study of administration by
      eyedrops or by ocular therapeutic systems.
AB  - Eighteen glaucoma patients each received four pilocarpine regimens in random
      sequence: 1% and 4% eyedrops and 20mug/hr and 40mug/hr ocular therapeutic
      systems. Unimportant changes in refraction, near vision, and distance vision
      occurred during the use of either ocular therapeutic system. Miosis with ocular
      therapeutic systems was almost always less intense and variable than with
      eyedrops. Refractive changes occurred in 12 patients following 1% pilocarpine and
      in 16 patients following 4% pilocarpine drops; decreased distance vision occurred
      in nine patients after 1% drops and in 12 patients after 4% drops. Fewer patients
      showed decreases in near vision. In all cases, visual effects peaked one half
      hour after eyedrop instillations and returned gradually toward normal in the next
      two to three hours. Intraocular pressure levels were within comparable ranges
      during all four treatments, but the ocular therapeutic systems maintained
      pressure at a more constant level.

PMID- 973820
TI  - Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and Coats disease: a presumed familial
      incidence.
AB  - Three of four siblings of normal parents had a combination of Coats disease and
      retinitis pigmentosa bilaterally. Our report of their respective cases is, to our
      knowledge, the first report of a familial incidence of the combination of the two
      diseases in an individual and supports the implication that Coats disease may be
      a genetic abnormality. The pathological process was essentially the same in all
      three patients, although it occurred differently in one of the three siblings and
      gave rise to an altered functional and clinical picture. The similarities may
      indicate that the convenient categories of "tapeto-retinal degenerations" are
      clinical variations of the same genetic abnormality.

PMID- 973821
TI  - The conjunctiva in senile lens exfoliation.
AB  - Conjunctival biopsy specimens from both eyes of a series of seven patients with
      evidence of unilateral senile exfoliation of the lens were examined by electron
      microscopy. Exfoliation fibers were found in both eyes of each patient. This
      evidence suggests that the conjunctiva is an independent source of exfoliation
      that precedes the development of exfoliation in the lens.

PMID- 973822
TI  - Clinicopathologic correlations in diabetic retinopathy. I. Histology and
      fluorescein angiography of microaneurysms.
AB  - A patient with adult-onset diabetes mellitus was referred with a diagnosis of
      malignant melanoma of the choroid of the left eye. A nonproliferative type of
      diabetic retinopathy was present, which was studied and documented by
      stereoscopic fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms. Following
      enucleation, the microangiopathies were correlated histologically, using the
      retinal trypsin digest technique. Four types of microaneurysms were seen
      histologically that were believed to represent stages in the development of this
      lesion. Most thin-walled aneurysms tightly packed with erythrocytes did not
      fluoresce. Aneurysms that were hypercellular and those with thick walls showed
      early and late fluorescence. Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities were
      hypercellular dilated channels. Those that take origin from terminal arterioles
      are believed to represent attempts at neovascularization.

PMID- 973823
TI  - Phakomatous choristoma of eyelid: electron microscopical confirmation of
      lenticular derivation.
AB  - This article presents the sixth recorded example of phakomatous choristoma of the
      eyelid. The tumor occurred in a 4-month-old boy and was located in the lower lid
      near the inner canthus. The findings from light microscopy included epithelial,
      tubular structures with associated patches of thick, irregular basement membrane.
      The results of electron microscopy (ie, epithelial cells with a scarcity of
      organelles, homogeneous type of basement membrane, cytoplasmic microfilaments,
      segments of fascia occludens, and degenerated cells with peculiar
      interdigitations of their plasmalemmas) are all consistent with lenticular
      derivation, as originally proposed by Zimmerman.

PMID- 973824
TI  - Human corneal endothelial layer repair during organ culture.
AB  - Circular freeze-thaw endothelial wounds were created on paired human corneas.
      Ultrastructural and physiological studies were performed after organ culture (OC)
      incubation at 37 C from 1 to 21 days as well as on fresh noncultured controls. As
      early as 24 hours after injury, OC corneas demonstrated ultrastructurally intact
      endothelial cells at the margin of the wound, elongating and sliding toward its
      center. All OC corneas were completely covered by ultrastructurally intact and
      physiologically functioning endothelial cells by seven days of OC. These cells
      were approximately twice normal size. Enlarged endothelial cells that maintained
      deturgescence function were seen in the wounded area after 14 and 21 days of OC.
      None of the fresh controls demonstrated deturgescence function and in none could
      ultrastructurally intact endothelial cells be found in the area of the wound.
      This confirms our hypothesis that during 37 C OC incubation, human corneal
      endothelium repairs defects in its layer by cells that are physiologically and
      ultrastructurally intact.

PMID- 973825
TI  - Examination and Photography of donor corneal endothelium.
AB  - In a method for the routine examination of the endothelium of donor corneas
      before transplantation, the donor endothelial cells are examined and photographed
      as they undergo preservation or culture in liquid media. A specular microscope
      with a modified objective lens is used (working distance, approximately 9 mm).
      The donor corneas are kept in a special storage container that allows a direct
      view of the endothelium from outside the container. The endothelium of any cornea
      preserved in a liquid medium may thus be examined and photographed at high
      magnification without opening the storage container.

PMID- 973826
TI  - Effects of venom in eye from spitting cobra.

PMID- 973827
TI  - Mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted individuals who
      have become schizophrenic.
AB  - In a sample of 5483 adults who had been legally adopted early in life by persons
      not biologically related to them, 33 were identified, from mental hospital
      records for whom a diagnosis of definite schizophrenia (chronic, latent, or
      acute) could be agreed upon by four raters. An equal number of matched controls
      were selected from the sample of adopted individuals who had never been admitted
      to a mental hospital. Ninety percent of the living parents, siblings, and half
      siblings, biological and adoptive, cooperated in an extensive psychiatric
      interview permitting a consensus diagnosis by three blind raters. Schizophrenia
      and uncertain schizophrenia were found to be significantly concentrated in the
      population genetically related to the schizophrenic adoptees. Their adoptive
      relatives did not differ from the control populations in the prevalence of
      schizophrenic illness.

PMID- 973828
TI  - Discussion of genetics and mental health.
AB  - The preceding articles by Kety, Gershon et al., and Omenn are discussed. Ongoing
      research on children of one or two schizophrenic parents is described as
      representing the opportunity to study precipitating environmental factors.

PMID- 973829
TI  - Genetic analysis of behaviors related to the solution of a detour learning task.
AB  - A diallel cross involving five noninbred (purebred) lines of Japanese quail
      indicated that additive and nonadditive genetic effects had important influences
      on behaviors involved in a detour learning task. Social isolation for 3 hr was
      used to provide additional motivation which enabled detection of differences
      among strains. The percentage of quail, within purebred lines, that solved a 4
      min detour task three or more consecutive times ranged from 52 to 72. Differences
      among purebreds were significant for most of the components of the learning task.
      Further, the data suggested strain differences associated with the successful
      attainment of the desired goal when there was a similar level of general
      activity.

PMID- 973830
TI  - Homeostatic drive counteracting selection for positive and negative phototaxis
      and geotaxis in Drosophila pseudoobscura.
AB  - Tested in Hirsch-Hadler mazes, Drosophila pseudoobscura is on the average
      geoneutral and photoneutral. Strongly geo- and photopositive and geo- and
      photonegative populations can be obtained by artificial selection, but upon
      relaxation of the selection they tend to relapse toward neutrality. This genetic
      homeostasis is due to natural selection favoring neutrality. Experiments are
      described in which artificial selection for positivity and for negativity was
      deliberately made so weak that it only counterbalanced the nautral selection or
      "homeostatic drive" and the effects of cross-migration. Under these conditions,
      the behavior of the population artificially selected for positivity diverges only
      slightly from that of the population selected for negativity, but, at least in
      females, both populations move closer to neutrality.

PMID- 973831
TI  - The Maudsley reactive and nonreactive strains of rats: a clarification.
AB  - The origin of the Maudsley reactive and nonreactive strains of rats and the
      construction of the survey of researches using them are briefly reviewed in the
      light of Archer's criticisms. The reasons for reasserting that they represent a
      valid dichotomy in emotionality are summarized.

PMID- 973832
TI  - Comment on an erroneous conception of the meaning of heritability.

PMID- 973834
TI  - [Language inventory and consensus].

PMID- 973833
TI  - [The other and myself--a crazy sequence].

PMID- 973835
TI  - [Incommensurability and commensurabilization. The language of the other in
      psychosis].

PMID- 973836
TI  - [Variation of language function in schizophrenics].

PMID- 973837
TI  - [Condition-specific verbal communication with schizophrenics].

PMID- 973838
TI  - [Child language without understanding. Noise- and word plays in psychotic
      children].

PMID- 973839
TI  - [The language of the others].

PMID- 973840
TI  - ["A salad of two names". Speechlessness and identity communication in a
      dialogue].

PMID- 973841
TI  - [Basic linguistics conditions in mental disease].

PMID- 973842
TI  - [Value of linguistic considerations in the field of psychosis. Demonstrated on
      Schreber's "Memoirs of a neurotic patient"].

PMID- 973843
TI  - [Bipolarity in the choice of words].

PMID- 973844
TI  - [Verbal competence or the illusion of a wholesome world].

PMID- 973845
TI  - [Language destruction in the derealization- and depersonalization process].

PMID- 973846
TI  - [The relationship between language and practice].

PMID- 973847
TI  - [Determination of affective changes through language content analysis during
      psychotherapy].

PMID- 973848
TI  - [Space theory and architecture. Various keywords on material forms of
      architectonic agreement on space perception].

PMID- 973849
TI  - [Keywords in modern psychiatry].

PMID- 973850
TI  - [Social dialects and their significance for the physician-patient dialogue].

PMID- 973851
TI  - [Language and sex. Empirical studies of a subculture].

PMID- 973852
TI  - [Short stories and poems of young drug addicts].

PMID- 973853
TI  - [Beggar's argot].

PMID- 973854
TI  - [Association of primary hypothyroidism with preconcious puberty. Presentation of
      clinical case and the effect of acute inhibition of thyrotropin on the gonadal
      activity].
AB  - An 8 2/12 year-old girl with acquired primary hypothyroidism and precociuos
      puberty is described. Thyroid hormone treatment resulted in the regression of the
      sexual development, but moderate asymptomatic papilledema appeared as a result of
      therapy. Serial vaginal smears and measurements of urinary estrogen excretion
      during acute thyrotropin (TSH) inhibition with 75 mug/day of triiodthyronine
      (T3), showed a rapid drop in ovaric estrogen production up to prepubertal stage
      at 17 days of T3 administration. Moreover, a group of children with untreated
      hypothyroidism was followed through the first 3 to 12 months of thyroid therapy
      and none developed signs of increased intracranial pressure. These findings as
      well as the possible pathophysiology involved in this association are discussed.

PMID- 973855
TI  - [Relationships between thyrotropin, growth hormone and insulin in
      hypothyroidism].
AB  - Since growth hormone has been found to be inhibited in many cases of untreated
      primary hypothyroidism, we tried to investigate whether the high thyrotropin
      levels or the lack of thyroid hormones is the responsible factor. Six primary
      hypothyrotic patients were kept euthyroid by means of high and constant doses of
      thyroid extract. Growth hormone immunoassays were performed before and after
      three days of thyrotropin stimulation. Immunoassayable insulin was also
      investigated under the same experimental conditions. Although a moderate
      inhibition of growth hormone after thyrotopin stimulation was observed, the
      magnitude of this inhibition was not as marked as it has bee described in
      untreated primary hypothyrotics. There was no difference in insulin production
      before and after thyrotropin administration.

PMID- 973856
TI  - [A case of intestinal trichobezoar].
AB  - Report is made of a case of an unusual localization of a trichobezoar in a 12
      year-old girl, who presented vomiting and abdominal pain as chief complaints. She
      was found to have an 18 X 5 cm palpable abdominal mass, which upon surgery was
      localized in terminal ileum and in the pathology report was found to be a
      trichobezoar. The interest of this case is the unusual localization of a single
      bezoar and the fact that a resection of 25 cm. of small bowel had to be done, as
      it was found necrotic at the time of surgery.

PMID- 973857
TI  - [Integration of education and services as a base for the formation of human
      resources in health care].
AB  - It will be necessary to coordinate the University role with health institutional
      policies concerning the definition of health goals, and personnel functions as
      the latter should be trained if and when they are offered the opportunities of
      grasping both theory and practice in an environment closely related to everyday
      problems and realities. Accordingly, health care changes must precede health
      educational changes. There are two factors that interfere with a proper
      integration between the education care system: 1) an excess number of medical (or
      health students that overcome teaching facilities and 2) the correct trend in
      health care, based on specialists, attached to large hospital centers in urban
      environments. No attention is paid in this way to the importance of the health
      team, to health promotion, health education, preventive measures, etc. In several
      Mexican schools new curricula have been developed in which students face actual
      health problems from the beginning of the studies and they are trained as another
      resource of the health system being involved in all type of health activities in
      health centers, schools, nurseries, out-patient community clinics, etc.

PMID- 973858
TI  - [Sudden infant death syndrome].
AB  - This report is based on a review of the present situation of the sudden infant
      death syndrome through the presentation of four cases studied at the Unidad de
      Pediatria, Hospital General de Mexico, S.S.A. All cases were in apparent good
      health before death. All babies were less than ten months of age. In three cases,
      necropsy was not performed, and the other one did not show significant
      abnormalities at the post-mortem examination. A complete review of the literature
      was made including: historical, epidemiological, genetic, clinical and
      pathological aspects. Special emphasis is made on the pathophysiology of the
      syndrome during MOR phase of sleep and muscular hypertrophy of the lungs
      arteriolae suggesting chronic hypoxia which are the most relevant theories in the
      sudden infant death syndrome. Psychological aspects and the family management by
      the physician and detection of possible future victims of the syndrome are
      finally discussed.

PMID- 973859
TI  - [Immunopathological study in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis].
AB  - In 39 renal percutaneous biopsies, practiced to 31 patients with
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (GMP) with subendothelial deposits
      (DSE), a study with immunofluorescence technique and light microscopy was carried
      out. In all cases, heavy granular deposits of C3 were detected in the loops of
      the glomerular capillaries and in a variable proportion of cases, deposits of
      IgM, IgA, C3PA (factor B) and C1q of similar aspect and localizacion were found.
      These findings suggest immunologic pathogenesis. In the absence of C1q, no cases
      with factor B were found; thus, it is possible to assert that the activation of
      the complement system takes place exclusively through an alternate pathway, as
      was previously accepted. On the other hand, it was found that the presence of C1q
      was correlated with a faster evolution to chronic renal failure and with the
      presence of a higher percentage of glomeruli with extracapillary proliferation
      (crescents). Thus, it is concluded that activation of C1q in patients with MPG
      and SED, may play a role in formation of crescent and consequently, it is a sign
      of poor prognosis.

PMID- 973860
TI  - [Mechanism of adaptation of the newborn infant].
AB  - An analysis of the mechanisms of adaptation of the newborn infant, immediately
      after birth, is put forth. Emphasis is placed upon cardiorespiratory and
      metabolic homeostasis, with a description of the internal medium variations in
      neonates seeking spontaneous equilibrium. In Mexico City this takes 4 hours.
      Hypoxia is stressed as one of the most important complications of the neonatal
      period, requiring rapid and efficient management of the infant to avoid severe
      complications or even death. Intra and extracardaic hemodynamic changes,
      stabilization of central arterial pressure as well as sufficient cardiac output,
      due to proper left ventricle function are described in reference to the
      cardiovascular sphere. A brief mention is made of the work of both ventricles
      during the first days of life. The diverse hemodynamic behaviour in different
      vascular areas of the newborn infant might be due to the concentrations of
      circulating gases, pH, enzyme factors and circulating hormones.

PMID- 973861
TI  - [Kernicterus. Anatomo clinical correlation in 64 newborn infants].
AB  - The case histories and autopsy reports of 64 neonates who died from kernicterus
      were reviewed. The most outstanding findings were: high incidence of kernicterus
      with serum indirect bilirubin less than 15 mg.; different clinical picture of the
      premature in comparison with term neonate; predisposing factors such as
      respiratory distress and intrauterine malnutrition were often associated in the
      premature. Preventive, educational and therapeutic measures were discussed at the
      end.

PMID- 973862
TI  - [Concentration of lead in the blood of children with hyperkinesis].
AB  - The concentration of lead in bloods of 25 hyperkinetic children was compared to
      that found in a corresponding number of healthy children of the same age group.
      It was found that 3 hyperkinetic children showed levels above 40 mug/100 ml. The
      findings are discussed and the importance of substances containing this element
      bears on the child's environment are pointed out. Besides, stress is placed on
      the consequence that a high concentration of lead in the blood may show on mental
      development and it is suggested that through studies be carried out in every
      child with the habit of pica added to hyperkinesia.

PMID- 973863
TI  - [Meningitis due to Salmonella typhi].

PMID- 973864
TI  - [Aglossia-adactilia syndrome].
AB  - A 7 month-old girl was studied and found to have aglossia--adactylia syndrome.
      The etiopathogenic aspects of this disorder are discussed.

PMID- 973865
TI  - [View on the outline of the curriculum].

PMID- 973866
TI  - [Anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia].
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to report a boy with a typical case of anhydrotic
      ecotdermal dysplasia, spina bifida occulat, and abnormal dermatoglyphics.
      Histologic studies of the skin showed absence of sebaceous and sweat gland and
      hair follicles. The clinical examination of the mother and the histopathological
      report of her skin suggests sex linked transmission; however, an autosomal
      dominat gene limited to males can not be excluded.

PMID- 973867
TI  - [Etiology of urinary infections].
AB  - The role played by different groups of microorganisms, including aerobic and
      anaerobic bacteria, viruses, etc., on acute and chronic infections of urinary
      ducts is discussed, together with general aspects of pathogenesis and diagnosis
      of such infections.

PMID- 973868
TI  - [Diabetic coma].

PMID- 973869
TI  - [The newborn infant with cardiovascular symptoms].

PMID- 973870
TI  - [Pediatric education in Mexico].

PMID- 973871
TI  - [Intravenous and oral glucose: production of insulin and growth hormone in the
      newborn infant].
AB  - Insulin production in response to intravenous and high and low oral glucose
      administration was investigated in 15 healthy fasting newborns. Results show that
      in spite of the fact that the highest blood glucose was obtained by the
      intravenous load, the highest insulin levels corresponded to the high oral
      glucose. The lowest blood glucose levels were found in the cases who received the
      low oral doses. The amounts of circulating insulin in this group were not
      significantly different from those in the group with I.V. glucose. In two of the
      groups where growth hormone was measured, the known paradoxixal increase in
      response to administered glucose was observed.

PMID- 973872
TI  - [Teratoma of the thyroid gland in children].
AB  - Two cases of teratoma of the thyroid gland occurring in children are presented.
      Both tumors were discovered shortly after birth and were not associated with
      clinical hypothyroidism. One of the patients was thoroughly studied from the
      endocrinological point of view utilizing several techniques. There was some
      iodine uptake by the gland, formation of tirosine and thyroid hormones as well as
      their release into the blood serum. The clinical and pathological features of
      teratoma of the thyroid are discussed.

PMID- 973873
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment of abnormal left ventricular relaxation in man.
AB  - In 64 patients requiring cardiac catheterization for chest pain, echocardiograms
      showing anterior mitral leaflet and left ventricular cavity simultaneously were
      recorded. These were digitized and their first derivatives computed in order to
      study time relations between mitral valve and left ventricular wall movement in
      early distole. In 10 patients with normal left ventricular angiograms and
      coronary arteriograms, mitral valve opening began 1-1 +/- 9-3 ms (mean +/- SD)
      before the onset of outward wall movement, and reached peak opening velocity 2-0
      +/- 13 ms after maximum rate of change of dimension. Virtually identical time
      relations were seen in 15 patients with normal left ventricular angiograms but
      with obstructive coronary artery disease (3-6 +/- 9-3 ms and 0-7 +/- 7-3 ms,
      respectively). These close relations were lost in patients with segmental
      abnormalities of contraction on left ventricular angiogram. In 19 such patients
      with normal septal motion, outward wall movement began 53 +/- 31 ms before the
      onset of anterior movement of the mitral valve leaflet, and this isovolumic wall
      movement accounted for 31 per cent of the total diastolic excursion. In 9
      patients with reversed septal movement, these abnormalities were greater, 92 +/-
      39 ms and 33 per cent, respectively, while in 11 patients with diffuse left
      ventricular involvement they were small, 5-5 +/- 13 ms and 3 per cent. Frame-by
      frame digitization of cineangiograms was used to confirm these findings which
      appear to reflect an abnormal change in left ventricular cavity shape during
      isovolumic relaxation.

PMID- 973874
TI  - Analysis of left ventricular wall movement during isovolumic relaxation and its
      relation to coronary artery disease.
AB  - Left ventricular angiograms of 60 patients with ischaemic heart disease and 10
      normal subjects were digitized frame by frame in order to study abnormalities of
      wall movement during the period of isovolumic relaxation. Plots were made of
      regional wall movement around the cavity throughout the cardiac cycle. In normal
      subjects 1-5 to 3-0 mm of symmetrical outward wall movement occurred during
      isovolumic relaxation, associated with an apparent increase of left ventricular
      volume of 10 +/- 4 per cent. The corresponding peak velocities of wall movement
      were 4-3 to 5-7 cm/s, significantly less than those recorded in the same region
      of the cavity after mitral valve opening. In patients with ischaemic heart
      disease, the following abnormalities were encountered: (1) Abnormal inward
      movement, which, in single coronary artery disease, occurred in the area supplied
      by the affected vessel. (2) Abnormal outward movement of more than 6 mm in non
      affected areas which appeared to be a compensatory phenomenon. (3) An abnormal
      cavity shape change towards a more circular configuration before mitral valve
      opening. (4) Reduced peak rates of wall movement in affected areas during systole
      and filling. It is concluded that such inward wall movement during isovolumic
      relaxation is abnormal and a sign of local ischaemia whose presence has
      significant effects on overall left ventricular function in both systole and
      diastole.

PMID- 973875
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation of praecordial ST segment mapping.
AB  - In 38 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction or ischaemia, the extent
      and amplitude of ST segment elevation was measured on the chest wall with a
      praecordial mapping technique. There was a poor correlation with measurements of
      clinical severity and with the extent of necrosis as measured by the peak levels
      of creatine kinase (CK) and the estimated total amount of CK released. In two
      patients ST segment re-elevation occurred without re-elevation of serum CK and in
      two other patients reinfarction obvious on enzyme re-elevation occurred without
      changes in ST segments. Praecordial ST segment mapping appears to have a limited
      role in measuring or monitoring human infarct size and would be an unreliable
      tool for evaluation of methods to limit myocardial necrosis. The chest leads of
      the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram provided sufficient information for
      clinical evaluation of ST segment elevation.

PMID- 973876
TI  - Effect of potassium-sparing diuretics on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
      and potassium retention in heart failure.
AB  - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and electrolyte levels in 11 patients
      with heart failure controlled on digoxin and frusemide were investigated after
      separate periods of Slow K, spironolactone, and amiloride therapy. When
      spironolactone or amiloride replaced Slow K, distinct parallel increments in the
      levels of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone resulted. Though plasma
      potassium was generally higher after spironolactone and amiloride than after Slow
      K, exchangeable potassium was similar with the three regimens. There was no
      significant relation between plasma potassium and concurrent exchangeable
      potassium.

PMID- 973877
TI  - Haemodynamics after Mustard's operation for transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Cardiac catheterization data from 54 investigations after Mustard's procedure
      were examined to study the influence of the operation on pressure events in the
      atria, great veins, and pulmonary circulation. Systemic venous atrial pressure
      tracings were characterized by a rapid, sharp 'y' descent. Pressure gradients
      between the venae cavae and systemic venous atrium were invariable, whether or
      not vena caval pathway obstruction was present, the 'y' trough and 'a' wave
      gradients being greater than the mean gradient. Pulmonary venous atrial pressure
      tracings were not different from normal except when tricuspid regurgitation was
      present. It is suggested that the baffle effectively reduces the size and
      compliance of the systemic venous atrium, but influences the pulmonary venous
      atrium to a lesser degree. The systolic pressure gradient from the left ventricle
      to pulmonary artery was decreased postoperatively, suggesting that it may be flow
      related; the greatest changes were seen in the group with preoperative
      ventricular septal defect. The ratio of pulmonary: systemic vascular resistance
      did not change significantly after operation, and it is suggested that both the
      pre- and postoperative values were higher than normal. Examination of the left
      ventricular or pulmonary arterial mean pressure postoperatively should raise the
      suspicion of a complication, e.g. pulmonary venous obstruction or tricuspid
      regurgitation.

PMID- 973878
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias in syndrome of balloon deformity of mitral valve.
      Definition of possible high risk group.
AB  - Twenty patients clinically identified as having balloon deformity of the mitral
      valve were studied to assess the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias.
      Echocardiography and phonocardiography were used to confirm the nature of the
      mitral valve lesion. Continuous 24-hour electrocardiograms were obtained from all
      patients and analysed by a computer and 2 observers. One patient has ventricular
      fibrillation and 3 patients had ventricular tachycardia. There was a high
      incidence of other less severe forms of ventricular arrhythmias. Eight patients
      had inferolateral ST and T wave abnormality on the resting electrocardiogram, and
      were described as having the ausculatatory-electrocardiographic variant of the
      balloon mitral valve syndrome. The occurrence of serious ventricular arrhythmias
      (ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia) was significantly more frequent in
      this group. This raises the possibility that the resting electrocardiogram may
      identify those patients with balloon deformity of the mitral valve who are at
      risk from sudden death.

PMID- 973879
TI  - Ventriculo-atrial conduction time during reciprocating tachycardia with
      intermittent bundle-branch block in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - Records from patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were reviewed with
      particular emphasis on the occurrence of bundle-branch block aberration during
      reciprocating tachycardia and the significance of this observation with respect
      to accessory pathway location. Increase by greater than 25 ms in the
      ventriculoatrial interval during reciprocating tachycardia with bundle-branch
      block, when compared to reciprocating tachycardia with normal intraventricular
      conduction, occurred only with right or left free wall accessory pathways. No
      patient with a septal accessory pathway proven by epicardial mapping showed a
      ventriculoatrial interval prolongation greater than 20 ms during bundle-branch
      block aberration. Measurement of ventriculo-atrial interval during bundle-branch
      block abe-ration also helped to diagnose accessory pathways AH and HV intervals
      as well as ventriculo-atrial times, may give midleading information. In one
      patient increase in cycle length during left bundle-branch block was the result
      of prolonged HV interval rather than prolonged ventriculo-atrial interval. In
      another patient cycle length remained the same during bundle-branch block while
      the ventriculo-atrial interval increased by an increment identical to the
      decrease in AH interval.

PMID- 973880
TI  - Effects remaining after withdrawal of long-term beta-receptor blockade. Reduced
      heart rate and altered haemodynamic response to acute propranolol administration.

PMID- 973881
TI  - Developing cardiac rupture as initial sign of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Pathological data are given of 4 patients in whom the development of cardiac
      rupture was the initial sign of myocardial infarction. The term 'concealed
      cardiac rupture' is proposed for this condition. In each instance the clinical
      diagnosis was 'onset of infarction', whereas the necropsy suggested that the
      acute onset of symptoms was caused by the start of rupture. The arguments for
      classifying the cases as 'concealed rupture' are (1) the lack of correlation
      between histological and clinical dating of the infarct, (2) the observation that
      the tear may take considerable time before actual epicardial breakthrough occurs,
      and (3) the fact that a high percentage of infarcts may pass clinically
      unnoticed.

PMID- 973882
TI  - Annular subvalvular left ventricular aneurysm in Bahia, Brazil.
AB  - Two cases of left ventricular aneurysm, a 16-year-old black boy and a 23-year-old
      white girl, from Bahia, Brazil, are presented. In both patients there was
      enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and a prominent bulge of the left inferior
      border. On the right oblique view a ring of calcium at the ventricular opening of
      the aneurysms was visualized. A left ventriculogram showed a huge aneurysm in the
      first case and a bulge on the lateral wall of the left ventricle in the other.
      Cardiac catheterization showed a rise in left and right ventricular end-diastolic
      pressures and in the mean pulmonary artery pressure. In the first case the
      contour of the right ventricular pressure curve showed a restrictive pattern. The
      similarities of these aneurysms with the annular submitral type described in
      young black Africans are stressed.

PMID- 973883
TI  - Pulmonary hydatid embolization. Report on 2 operated cases and review of
      published reports.
AB  - Two patients with pulmonary hydatid embolization are described and commented upon
      in the light of 43 similar published cases. The diagnosis was strongly suspected
      from the medical history and the chest x-ray films and supported by
      angiocardiography. The angiocardiographic features of this condition have not
      been described previously in detail. They include amputation and filling defects
      of pulmonary artery branches, which are typically located proximal to a rounded
      tumour-like opacity seen on the plain x-ray film. Both patients underwent
      successful embolectomy.

PMID- 973884
TI  - Massive pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in the newborn.
AB  - Although pulmonary arteriovenous fistula as a cause of cyanosis is well
      recognized, most of the reported cases occur in older children and adults, and
      its importance as a correctable lesion in the newborn is often overlooked. The
      details of two babies who presented with cyanosis in the first few days of life
      are presented to emphasize that this eminently treatable lesion may need to be
      managed as an emergency.

PMID- 973885
TI  - Muscle potentials simulating pacemaker malfunction.
AB  - Interference spikes were noted on the electrocardiogram of a patient with an
      implanted demand pacemaker. Runaway malfunction was suspected and the generator
      replaced. Subsequent investigation showec that the interference originated from
      fasciculation in the left leg caused by underlying neuromuscular disease.
      Skeletal muscle potentials can produce an electrocardiographic appearance closely
      resembling 'runaway' pacemaker. Such abnormalities should prompt a search for
      occult neuromuscular disease.

PMID- 973886
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes produced by interventricular septal rupture.
AB  - The electrocardiogram was recorded during spontaneous rupture of the
      interventricular septum in a patient after myocardial infarction. The
      electrocardiographic abnormalities included an increase in the sinus rate,
      elevation of the ST segment, decrease in Q wave size, and increase in the height
      and width of the P wave.

PMID- 973887
TI  - Improvement in exertional left ventricular dysfunction after revascularization.
AB  - The case is reported of a 63-year-old white man with mild angina pectoris, whose
      systolic pressure fell 30 mmHg (4-0 kPa) with maximal exercise, without chest
      pain but with accompanying dizziness. Grafting the internal mammary arteries into
      the mid left anterior descending and obtuse marginal arteries improved regional
      myocardial perfusion and increased maximal cardiac output 24 per cent and maximal
      systolic pressure 32 per cent.

PMID- 973888
TI  - Pathology of acute myocardial infarction with particular reference to occlusive
      coronary thrombi.
AB  - Analysis of the pathological findings in 500 cases of fatal acute myocardial
      infarction showed that in 469 this was localized to one transmural area of the
      left ventricle; in 31 there was diffuse subendocardial necrosis. In the former
      occlusive coronary thrombus was found in the related artery in 95 per cent of
      cases. Variation in the percentage of occlusions found was noted between
      different prosectors and when coronary artery calcification was present. Only 4
      of the 31 patients with subendocardial necrosis had recent occlusion; triple
      vessel disease was common in this group suggesting general failure of coronary
      perfusion. It is essential in necropsy studies of the relation of coronary
      thrombosis to myocardial infarction to be sure that muscle necrosis is present,
      to distinguish the two forms of myocardial necrosis, and to employ a meticulous
      dissection technique with decalcification of the arteries when necessary.

PMID- 973889
TI  - Congenital aortic valve disease with rupture of mitral chordae tendineae.
AB  - A new clinical entity is described in which free aortic regurgitation from
      congenital aortic valve disease caused rupture of the chordae to the anterior
      leaflet of the mitral valve in 7 men aged 45 to 63 years (mean 52 years); 2 of
      the patients also had rupture of chordae to the posterior leaflet. Comparing
      these patients with those with ruptured mitral chordae in  association with
      rheumatic heart disease and patients with spontaneous chordal rupture,
      differences were evident. No patient had a history of rheumatic fever and none
      had active infection. The typical clinical presentation was of acute mitral
      regurgitation into a small left atrium, with severe pulmonary oedema which was
      often resistant to medical treatment. The cause of chordal rupture in these
      patients was in part the result of progressive left ventricular dilatation, of
      direct trauma to the anterior cusp of the mitral valve, and possibly of a genetic
      factor. The anatomical features of both aortic and mitral valves are described,
      and in 3 histology of the mitral valve was available; 2 had myxomatous
      degeneration similar to that seen in patients with spontaneous chordal rupture,
      and in 1 there was degeneration of collagen tissue. All patients were treated
      surgically but the mortality was high (5 out of 7,70%). Early operation with
      replacement of the aortic and mitral valves is recommended if this high mortality
      is to be reduced.

PMID- 973890
TI  - Endocardial cushion defects: an anatomical study of 54 specimens.
AB  - An anatomical study of 54 specimens with endocardial cushion defect is described.
      The material was divided into two groups, according to the morphology and
      attachments of the anterior component of the anteroseptal mitral leaflet. We
      suggest that there is no divided or undivided anterior common leaflet. There are
      always two anterior leaflets, a mitral and a tricuspid one, separated by a
      commissure; depending on the degree of straddling of the mitral component over
      the interventricular septum, this will protrude into the interventricular septum
      or into the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle. Thus, the
      commissure separating the mitral and the tricuspid components will lie over the
      interventricular septum or will be quite separate in the right ventricle. In the
      latter case the straddling mitral component gives the false appearance of an
      undivided anterior common leaflet. The septal tricuspid leaflet was found to be
      underdeveloped or absent but we were not able to find any clefts or divisions in
      it. We suggest that this leaflet derives solely from the division of the
      posteroinferior endocardial cushion into two halves, right and left. The left
      half later becomes the posterior component of the normal anteroseptal mitral
      leaflet. Associated anamalies are also reviewed.

PMID- 973891
TI  - Influence of heart rate increase on uncorrected pre-ejection period/left
      ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) ratio in normal individuals.
AB  - In 26 normal volunteers, increase in heart rate from mean 73-94 +/- 1-97 to 103
      61 +/- 2-72/min, by either intravenous atropine administration or rapid right
      atrial pacing, produced definite changes in the uncorrected systolic time
      intervals. As expected, total electromechanical systole (QS2) and left
      ventricular ejection time (LVET) were shortened, while the pre-ejection period
      (PEP) was unaffected. There was a consistent and significant increase of the
      PEP/LVET ratio (P less than 0-001). It is postulated that when this ratio is
      taken to express left ventricular contractility, it should probably be corrected
      for heart rate. Appropriate regression equations for such a correction were
      calculated (PEP/LVET=0-249 + 0-0168 HR).

PMID- 973892
TI  - Plasma urea in hypertensive patients.
AB  - The annual increase in plasma urea was measured in 253 hypertensive patients. On
      average there was a significant increase in plasma urea with time which did not
      depend on the sex of the patient or the type of hypertension. It did, however,
      depend on the initial level of plasma urea. A table giving the upper limits for
      expected annual increment may prove useful in clinical assessment. The relation
      between plasma urea and presenting blood pressure and age was examined in 1217
      patients seen at the Hammersmith Hospital hypertension clinic from 1952 to 1967.
      The plasma urea was significantly related to both age and diastolic and systolic
      blood pressure. It was higher in men than in women up to 60 years of age, but not
      above that age, and it increased with presenting mean blood pressure in both
      sexes, but the increase was greater in men. There was a quadratic relation
      between age and plasma urea in both men and women. In both sexes the plasma urea
      increased between the ages of 60 and 80.

PMID- 973893
TI  - Circulatory response to vasodilator therapy in congestive cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Vasodilator therapy has been shown to have beneficial effects in heart failure.
      In order to evaluate the haemodynamic actions of vasodilator administration in
      primary congestive cardiomyopathy, sodium nitroprusside was infused intravenously
      at a rate of 15 to 100 mug/min to 12 patients. Mean arterial pressure fell 15 per
      cent from 86+/-3-0 to 72+/-2-4 mmHg (11-40 +/- -4 to 9-6 +/- 0-3 kPa), and there
      was a small but significant decrease in mean heart rate from 96 +/- 4-8 to 90 +/-
      4-4 beats/min. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in mean
      pulmonary artery pressure from 40 +/- 2-2 to 26 +/- 2-8 mmHg (5-3 +/- 0-3 kPa to
      3-5 +/- 0-4 kPa), mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 25 +/ -2-2 to 16
      +/- 2-1 mmHg (3-3 +/- 0-3 to 2-1 +/- 0-3 kPa), and left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure from 27 +/- 1-8 to 17 +/- 1-5 mmHg (3-6 +/- 0-3 to 2-3 +/- 0-2 kPa).
      Cardiac index increased by an average of 48 per cent from 2-1 to 3-1 l/min per
      m2, and left ventricular stroke work index increased from 18-4 +/- 1-6 to 21-3 +/
      1-9 g m/m2. These results show that pronounced left ventricular dysfunction in
      patients with congestive cardiomyopathy is improved during vasodilator therapy.

PMID- 973894
TI  - Acute massive mitral regurgitation from prosthetic valve dysfunction.
AB  - Two cases of prosthetic valve dysfunction resulting in acute massive mitral
      regurgitation are reported; emergency operation was successful in both cases.
      Survival following complete dislodgement of the occluder of a disc valve, as
      occurred in one case, does not appear to have been reported before. The diffculty
      in diagnosis of sudden cardiac decompensation in patients with prosthetic valves
      is stressed, as is the need for urgent operation.

PMID- 973895
TI  - Retrograde conduction in complete atrioventricular block Study using His bundle
      recordings.
AB  - Using His bundle recordings and ventricular stimulation retrograde conduction was
      studied in 57 cases of complete AV block. VA conduction was observed in 13
      patients. Of the 13, 12 had AV block distal to H, and during cardiac pacing 5 of
      them showed a retrograde His bundle potential. In all cases the AV node-His
      pathway was implicated in the transmission of the retrograde impulse. There was
      no retrograde atrial response in the remaining patients. VA block usually
      occurred at the same level as AV block. Nevertheless, two cases of AV block
      distal to H were associated with concealed retrograde conduction which stopped
      within the AV node.

PMID- 973896
TI  - Echocardiographic findings after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
AB  - Myocardial lesions are frequently seen at necropsy after fatal carbon monoxide
      poisoning. Clinically, while there have been numerous reports of chest pain and
      electrocardiographic changes associated with acute carbon monoxide poisoning,
      other evidence for left ventricular abnormality has not been reported. The
      echocardiographic findings in five cases of non-fatal poisoning are presented
      here. Abnormal left ventricular wall motion was shown by echocardiography in 3
      cases. Motion returned to normal in 2 of the 3 in follow-up tracings.
      Echocardiograms on 3 of the 5 patients showed mitral valve prolapse. Though the
      mitral valve prolapse may have been present before the poisoning, the reported
      high incidence of papillary muscle lesions in fatal cases suggests a possible
      relation of the prolapse to the effects of the carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 973897
TI  - Non-ejection systolic clicks and mitral systolic murmurs in black schoolchildren
      of Soweto, Johannesburg.
AB  - A survey was conducted on 12 050 Black schoolchildren, aged 2 to 18 years, in the
      South Western Townships of Johannesburg (Soweto), and the prevalence of non
      ejection systolic clicks and late systolic murmurs was determined. One or both of
      these auscultatory findings were detected in 168 children, yielding a prevalence
      rate of 13-99 per 1000 in the school population. A female preponderance of 1-9:1
      was present and there was a strong linear increase in prevalence with age, with a
      peak rate of 29-41 per 1000 in 17-year-old children. A non-ejection click was the
      only abnormal auscultatory finding in 123 children (73%) and a mitral systolic
      murmur in 8 (5%), whereas in 37 (22%) both these findings were present. Of the
      latter 37 children, the murmur was late systolic in 32; in 5 it was early
      systolic. Auscultation in different postures was important in the detection of
      both non-ejection clicks and mitral systolic murmurs. Experience in the detection
      of these auscultatory findings influenced the frequency with which they were
      heard. Electrocardiographic abnormalities compatible with those previously
      described in the billowing mitral leaflet syndrome were present in 11 of 158
      children. The aetiology of these auscultatory findings in this community remains
      unknown. In the same survey, a high prevalence rate of rheumatic heart disease
      was recorded and the epidemiology of the non-ejection clicks and these mitral
      systolic murmurs showed similarties to that of rheumatic heart disease. Though
      the specific billowing mitral leaflet syndrome almost certainly accounts for some
      of these auscultatory findings, a significant proportion may have early rheumatic
      heart disease. Further elucidation of this problem is necessary.

PMID- 973898
TI  - An echocardiographic study of the interventricular septum in constrictive
      pericarditis.
AB  - Ten patients with constrictive pericarditis were studied echocardiographically
      with specific reference to inter-ventricular septal dynamics. Abnormal movement
      of the interventricular septum was present in 8 patients and consisted of
      flattening in systole and unusual posterior motion in diastole. The aetiology of
      this type of movement is at present unknown but may be related to restriction of
      normal cardiac rotational dynamics. The interventricular septum also showed
      diminished degree of thickening (mean 21-2%). The amplitude of excursion was
      generally at the upper limit of or greater than normal. Left ventricular
      posterior wall amplitude of excursion was normal. Flattening of left ventricular
      posterior wall diastolic movement was seen in 4 patients. Right ventricular end
      diastolic dimension was slightly increased (1-2 to 1-7 cm/m2) in 5 of 8 patients
      with abnormal septal motion, but no haemodynamic evidence of diastolic volume
      overload was found. Posterior pericardial thickening was noted
      echocardiographically when posterior calcification was present. We conclude that
      the most common though non-specific feature of the echocardiogram in patients
      with constrictive pericarditis is abnormal septal motion. Flattening of left
      ventricular posterior wall diastolic movement, posterior pericardial thickening,
      and epicardial-pericardial separation may also occur.

PMID- 973899
TI  - Clinical experience with technetium-99m stannous polyphosphate for myocardial
      imaging.
AB  - Myocardial imaging with technetium-99m stannous polyphosphate was performed on 46
      patients. Eleven patients had no cardiac disease, 22 had acute myocardial
      infarction, and 13 had stable arteriosclerotic heart disease. Distinct patterns
      of myocardial activity were noted: (1) the patients with no obvious cardiac
      disease showed no cardiac activity; (2) stable arteriosclerotic heart disease
      showed faint, ill-defined cardiac activity, primarily in the anterior or inferior
      aspect of the left ventricle; (3) acute myocardial infarction showed intense,
      focal, well-defined activity, with a shape that characterized the location of the
      infarct.

PMID- 973900
TI  - Anxiety after a heart attack.
AB  - An objective measurement of anxiety at defined intervals after the onset of acute
      cardiac symptoms was made in 203 men admitted to the Coronary Care Unit, Royal
      Infirmary of Edinburgh, and in 83 patients in a Teesside coronary survey. Of the
      Teesside patients, 50 were treated at home, 22 were admitted initially to a
      coronary care unit, and 11 were admitted directly to a general medical ward. In
      the Edinburgh patients the level of anxiety was high early in the illness, fell
      rapidly, and rose again towards the end of their stay in hospital. At 4 months it
      was that of a normal population. After transfer from the coronary care unit the
      group was not more anxious than other patients in the ward. Reaction to the
      illness was unrelated to its physical severity. Patients who reacted badly at the
      beginning were less likely to return to work. The pattern of anxiety in the
      Teesside patients resembled that of the Edinburgh group, and reaction to illness
      was largely independent of physical aspects. Treatment in hospital, either
      through a coronary care unit initially or in a medical ward, did not increase
      emotional distress. At 3 months patients treated initially in a coronary care
      unit were less anxious than the others. Throughout the period of study the
      Teesside patients were more anxious than the Edinburgh patients and outcome was
      not related to anxiety. Social and environmental differences may account for
      this.

PMID- 973901
TI  - Intractable paroxysmal tachycardia caused by a concealed retrogradely conducting
      Kent bundle. Demonstration by epicardial mapping and cure of tachycardias by
      surgical interruption of the His bundle.
AB  - Electrophysiological and epicardial mapping studies are described in a patient
      without pre-excitation who had intractable recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia. Electrophysiological studies revealed fixed VA conduction times
      during both rapid ventricular pacing and coupled ventricular stimulation.
      Catheter mapping of atrial activation during retrograde conduction and during
      induced paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia revealed early distal coronary
      sinus activation (posterior left atrium) relative to the low septal, low lateral,
      and high lateral right atrium. These studies suggested the presence of a
      concealed left-sided bypass tract. The patient underwent surgical interruption of
      the His bundle for control of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Epicardial
      mapping of the atria (during ventricular pacing) confirmed the presence of a
      concealed left-sided bypass tract. Surgery produced antegrade av block (while
      retrograde conduction was maintained) and total cure of paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia. This is the first reported case of a concealed
      retrograde extranodal pathway documented by epicardial mapping.

PMID- 973902
TI  - Angiographic demonstration of blood supply of right atrial myxoma.
AB  - A 53-year-old woman underwent cardiac catheterization for assessment of coronary
      arterial disease. An unexpected finding of a gradient between right atrium and
      right ventricle led to the discovery of an unsuspected right atrial myxoma. The
      diagnosis was established by the presence of a filling defect in the right atrial
      angiocardiogram and by the demonstration of "tumour vessels" by selective right
      coronary angiography. Selective coronary angiography can visualize the blood
      supply to an intracardiac tumour and thus confirm the diagnosis preoperatively.

PMID- 973903
TI  - Electrical alternans of TU wave in Romano-Ward syndrome.
AB  - A case is presented in which an exceptional electrical alternans of the TU wave
      occurred in association with the Romano-Ward syndrome. This appears to be the
      first reported example of this association. Ventricular fibrillation was
      documented during the syncopal attacks. There was no evidence of abnormality of
      the serum electrolytes.

PMID- 973904
TI  - Letter: Ventricular tachycardia with retrograde conduction simplified diagnostic
      approach.

PMID- 973905
TI  - Diazepam in acute myocardial infarction. Clinical effects and effects on
      catecholamines, free fatty acids, and cortisol.
AB  - Diazepam is a valuable drug in cases of acute myocardial infarction. The 10 mg
      intravenous loading dose and the subsequent 15 mg oral dose of diazepam
      administered three times daily produced safe, pleasant sedation, and reduced the
      need for analgesics. A much reduced excretion of catecholamines was recorded. It
      is presumed that diazepam causes a lower stress reaction, which is beneficial in
      diminishing the incidence of malignant arrhythmias and preventing the existing
      myocardial injury from spreading.

PMID- 973906
TI  - Calcific coronary embolization associated with cardiac valve replacement.
      Necropsy x-ray study.
AB  - The hearts of 14 patients dying early after replacement of a calcified aortic or
      mitral valve were examined for the presence of calcific coronary emboli. The
      incidence of embolization as shown by x-ray film was 92-9 per cent. The number of
      emboli in individual cases ranged from 4 to 119. Replacement of an aortic valve
      was associated with a more severe embolization than replacement of a mitral
      valve. Th mechanisms of calcific embolization are discussed and preventive
      surgical measures suggested.

PMID- 973907
TI  - Pancarditis affecting the conducting system and all valves in human African
      trypanosomiasis.
AB  - This paper describes the pathological features of 10 cases of human African
      trypanosomiasis occurring in Uganda over an 8-year period. Three cases were
      clinically proved, and in all 10 cases chronic meningoencephalitis and
      myocarditis were present. There was chronic pancarditis in 6 cases, and in 3 of
      these there was a generalized focal valvulitis and in 2 lesions of the conducting
      system. Previous descriptions of carditis in human African trypanosomiasis are
      briefly reviewed, and the present findings are compared with some
      cardiomyopathies as well as American human and experimental trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 973908
TI  - Mobitz II AV block within the His bundle, with progression to complete heart
      block.
AB  - A case of a 48-year-old woman with frequent syncopal episodes is reported. The
      electrocardiogram showed high degree AV block with narrow QRS complexes. The His
      bundle electrogram displayed a split His deflection indicating impairment of
      conduction within the His bundle of the Mobitz II type. The AH interval was
      prolonged and Wenckebach phenomenon occurred at the same atrial pacing rate
      before and after atropine administration. During spontaneous or induced high
      grade AV block an escape rhythm originating in the distal His bundle was
      observed. A secondary study performed one year later showed progression to
      complete AV block. Both His potentials were present, one following the atrial and
      the other preceding the ventricular deflection. The H'V interval was prolonged
      and a further lengthening was seen after ajmaline. All these findings indicated
      proximal, mid, and distal disease of the His trunk.

PMID- 973909
TI  - Proceedings: Controlled trial of fibrinolytic therapy in unstable angina.

PMID- 973910
TI  - Proceedings: Natural history of postinfarction angina pectoris.

PMID- 973911
TI  - Proceedings: Non invasive assessment of left ventricular function before and
      after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic reflux.

PMID- 973912
TI  - Proceedings: Early closure of ventricular septal defect complicating myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 973913
TI  - Proceedings: Comparison of measurement of ejection fraction by radioisotope
      techniques and by cineangiography.

PMID- 973914
TI  - Proceedings: Initial clinical experience with stented porcine aortic valve
      xenograft.

PMID- 973915
TI  - Proceedings: Myocardial lacate metabolism and coronary venous phosphate in
      cyanotic congenital heart disease.

PMID- 973916
TI  - Proceedings: Pregnancy after valve replacement.

PMID- 973917
TI  - Proceedings: Emergency treatment of certain cyanotic heart defects with
      prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 973918
TI  - Proceedings: Pulmonary atresia: assessment by lung imaging of pulmonary perfusion
      before and after operation.

PMID- 973919
TI  - Proceedings: Anatomical correction of transposition of great arteries and
      ventricular septal defect.

PMID- 973920
TI  - Proceedings: Echocardiographic diagnosis of corrected transposition.

PMID- 973921
TI  - Proceedings: Transposition of great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and left
      ventricular outflow tract obstruction: results of 23 Rastelli operations.

PMID- 973922
TI  - Proceedings; Evaluation of early primary repair of ventricular septal defect in
      first year of life.

PMID- 973923
TI  - Proceedings: Anatomy of ventricular pre-excitation.

PMID- 973924
TI  - Proceedings: Correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in infancy.

PMID- 973925
TI  - Proceedings: What is role of clinical electrophysiology in evaluation of patients
      with sinoatrial disease?

PMID- 973926
TI  - Proceedings: I-Labelled fibrinogen, autoradiography, and stereoarteriography in
      identification of coronary thrombotic occlusion in fatal myocardial infarction.

PMID- 973927
TI  - Proceedings: Role of autoregulation in transmural distribution of coronary flow
      in canine left ventricular wall.

PMID- 973928
TI  - Proceedings: Natural history of ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 973929
TI  - Proceedings: Unusual electrocardiographic response to exercise in patients with
      mitral leaflet prolapse.

PMID- 973930
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of tachycardia and isoprenaline on coronary blood flow:
      observations on pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 973931
TI  - Proceedings: Rhythm of normal human heart.

PMID- 973932
TI  - Proceedings: Significance of cycle length alternation during drug treatment of
      supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 973933
TI  - Educating doctors to use drugs well.

PMID- 973934
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of ephedrine after oral dosage in asthmatics receiving acute
      and chronic treatment.
AB  - 1 Ephedrine plasma levels have been measured in ten asthmatic patients given a
      singel dose of ephedrine hydrochloride (22 mg) along and in combination with
      theophylline and a barbiturate. 2 Pharmacokinetic assessment of the data
      indicated no significant intra-subject changes in kinetic parameters before or
      after chronic treatment with ephedrine HCl (11 mg three times a day) alone or in
      combination. 3 Tolerance to these therapeutic doses, if it occurs, is therefore
      not disposition-related but rather to pharmacodynamic changes.

PMID- 973935
TI  - A sensitive assay of 5-fluorouracil in plasma by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - 1 A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed for determining 5
      fluorouracil in plasma, using methylated thymine as an internal standard. 2 5
      fluorouracil was extracted from plasma by a novel procedure which removed plasma
      components interferring with the sensitivity of the assay. The method included
      heating the plasma, washing with ether and extracting the drug under optimum
      conditions. 3 The sensitivity of the assay was 10 ng/ml plasma, sufficient to
      determine the low concentrations of 5-fluorouracil found in plasma during
      continuous infusion of the drug in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer.

PMID- 973936
TI  - Simultaneous quantitative gas-chromatographic analysis of ethosuximide,
      phenobarbitone, primidone and diphenylhydantoin.
AB  - 1 Therapeutic serum concentrations of ethosuximide, phenobarbitone, primidone,
      and dipheylhydantoin were assayed from 1 ml of human serum. The extraction
      procedure was common to all four drugs and three internal standards. 2 Subsequent
      isothermal gas chromatographic analysis of serum extracts produced well resolved
      peaks for the underivatized quantitation of ethosuximide and phenobarbitone.
      Primidone and diphenylhydantoin were determined as methylated derivatives. 3 Mean
      coefficients of variation for the assay of each drug were less 7% on a newly
      packed and conditioned column and less than 10% after the technique had been in
      continuous use for 3 months. 4 The advantage of quantitation relative to peak
      area ratios rather than peak height ratios was minimal for the determination of
      ethosuximide, primidone and diphenylhydantoin but appeared significant for the
      assay of phenobarbitone.

PMID- 973937
TI  - Renal function, protein binding and pharmacological response to diazoxide.
AB  - 1 The effect of rapid (10s) injections of diazoxide was studied in ten
      hypertensive patients with varying degrees of impairment of renal function. 2
      There was a significant correlation between the patient's plasma urea
      concentration and reduction in mean arterial blood pressure. Diazoxide was also
      shown to be less highly protein bound in patients with renal failure. 3 It is
      suggested that the explanation for the increased hypotensive effect of diazoxide
      observed in patients with reduced renal function is related to higher unbound
      drug concentrations.

PMID- 973939
TI  - Has pharmacology a place in today's medical schools.

PMID- 973938
TI  - Comparative effects of acebutolol and practolol on the lipolytic response to
      isoprenaline.
AB  - 1 The effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on the metabolic responses to
      isoprenaline have been studied in an in vitro system of isolated fat cells and in
      six normal subjects. 2 The inhibitory effects of varying concentrations of
      acebutolol, practolol and propranolol on free fatty acid (FFA) release produced
      by isoprenaline (10(-7) M) were compared in isolated fat cells prepared from rat
      epididymal adipose tissue. Acebutolol and practolol, at equimolar concentrations,
      showed a similar inhibitory effect whilst propranolol was approximately 100 times
      more potent then either drug. At 10(-5)M concentration of propranolol, lipolysis
      was virtually abolished whilst at the same molar concentration, acebutolol and
      practolol halved the response. 3 Six healthy volunteers received three successive
      15 min intravenous isoprenaline challenges (0.03 mug kg-1 min-1) per individual
      experiment. The first acted as a control whilst the following two were given
      either after single oral doses of placebo, acebutolol or practolol. The mean (+/-
      s.e. mean) basal FFA level was 0.77 +/- 0.06 mE1/1 and subsequent resting values
      after the administration of placebo or beta-adrenoceptor blocker were not
      significantly different. 4 Acebutolol inhibited the respective mean rises in FFA,
      produced by both post-control isoprenaline challenges, by (mean +/- s.e. mean) 70
      +/- 4% and 84% +/- 5%. The comparable figures for practolol were 33 +/- 15% and
      24 +/- 20%. The higher serum concentration of acebutolol produced greater
      inhibition but correlation of log serum concentration of the drug with percentage
      inhibition of FFA rise did not achieve significance. 5 Administration of
      isoprenaline, acebutolol or practolol did not significantly alter serum glucose,
      triglyceride or cholesterol levels. 6 Acebutolol and practolol effectively
      blocked the isoprenaline-induced tachycardia. The degree of blockade produced by
      practolol was greater than its inhibitory effect on FFA release. The diatolic
      fall in blood pressure in response to isoprenaline was abolished by acebutolol
      suggesting that its beta-adrenoceptor blocking action encompasses peripheral
      vascular sites. The comparable effect with practolol was a partial inhibition of
      the diastolic fall.

PMID- 973940
TI  - A comparison of plasma levels of theophyllinates after oral administration.

PMID- 973941
TI  - Prazosin in normal subjects: plasma levels, blood pressure and heart rate.

PMID- 973942
TI  - Antagonism of fludrocortisone by spironolactone and canrenone.

PMID- 973943
TI  - The effect of commerce on the introduction and subsequent use of psychotropic
      drugs.

PMID- 973944
TI  - Animal models for screening new agents: a behavioural view.

PMID- 973945
TI  - The significance of drug interactions in the evaluation of psychotropic drugs.

PMID- 973946
TI  - The biochemical evaluation of psychotropic drugs.

PMID- 973947
TI  - Comparative value of rating scales.

PMID- 973948
TI  - The comparative value of types of rating scale.

PMID- 973949
TI  - Hypotensive drugs in the treatment of depression.

PMID- 973950
TI  - Drugs and dementia.

PMID- 973951
TI  - Evaluation of the effects of drugs on sexual behavior.

PMID- 973952
TI  - The assessment of drugs in obsessional states.

PMID- 973953
TI  - The use of psychotropic drugs: the psychiatrist's view.

PMID- 973954
TI  - Social and commercial pressures on the GP as regards the use of drugs.

PMID- 973955
TI  - Human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on the atenolo (ICI 66,082), a
      new cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug.
AB  - The beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects of orally administered atenolol on
      tachycardia induced by intravenous isoprenaline or by exercise have been studied
      in normal volunteers, and compared with the effects of similar doses of
      propranolol. The blood levels of atenolol at various times after oral
      administration were determined by g.l.c. and correlated with the degree of
      inhibition of tachycardia. Atenolol was shown to be a beta-adrenoceptor blocker
      in man, as in animals, in that it antagonized the chronotropic effects of
      isoprenaline and of exercise. The inhibitory effect of atenolol on exercise
      induced tachycardia was evident at a concentration in blood of 0.2 mug/ml and
      virtually complete at 0.5 mug/ml. Higher concentrations than this did not produce
      significantly greater blockade. The effects of atenolol on exercise-induced
      tachycardia were similar to those of propranolol but it was less effective in
      blocking the rise in heart rate and fall in diastolic blood-pressure induced by
      intravenous infusion of isoprenaline. This separation of effects is considered
      characteristic of drugs causing preferential blockade of cardiac beta
      adrenoreceptors. The half-life of atenolol in blood was calculated to ablut 9
      hours.

PMID- 973956
TI  - Digoxin pharmacokinetics: multicompartmental analysis and its clinical
      implications.
AB  - The kinetics of digoxin have been investigated in healthy volunteers using an
      isotopic tracer technique. A three compartment open kinetic model has been
      proposed as the simplest model consistent with the plasma, urinary and faecal
      data obtained. The renal clearance of digoxin (mean +/- s.d.) was found to be
      119+/-10 ml/min, which did not differ significantly from the glomerular
      filtration rate (110+/-14 ml/min). Digoxin extra-renal clearance (mean+/-s.d.)
      was found to be 47+/-7 ml/min. The model predicts that the tissue concentration
      attained after four 0.25 mg oral doses spread over 24 h can be achieved within a
      period of 4 h following a single oral loading dose of 1 mg. Maintenance doses can
      be derived from a simple formula based on the glomerular filtration rate, extra
      renal clearance and bioavailability of the digoxin preparation used.

PMID- 973957
TI  - Can digoxin dose requirements be predicted?
AB  - A search for patient variables relevant to digoxin dose requirements was made in
      fourty-three patients with a wide range of renal and hepatic function. The daily
      dose of digoxin to achieve a mean serum concentration of 1.5 ng/ml, the
      standardized dose, was calculated for each patient. The standardized dose
      correlated significantly with the following variables, in descending order of
      correlation coefficient; creatinine clearance, serum creatinine concentration,
      body weight and serum albumin concentration. An equation containing the two
      independent variables, creatinine clearance and serum albumin concentration, had
      a significantly stronger correlation with standardized dose than creatinine
      clearance alone. Attempts were made in each patient to predict the standardized
      dose using both empirical prescribing methods and the published nomograms.
      Although a maximum of 70% of the variance of the standardized dose was explained,
      this corresponded approximately to one patient in three having a predicted dose
      outside the 95% confidnece limits for the standardized dose. There remain
      important sources of individual variation in digoxin dose requirements yet to be
      identified. Future application of empirical prescribing methods, such as multiple
      linear regression and Bayes' theorem, to prescription for large, defined patient
      groups may improve dose prediction for individual patients.

PMID- 973958
TI  - A study of factors influencing drug disposition in chronic liver disease, using
      the model drug (+)-propranolol.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics, following i.v. administration of (+)-propranolol (40 mg)
      have been compared to in vitro measurement of protein binding and biochemical
      parameters of liver function in six normal subjects and twenty patients with
      stable chronic liver disease. The clearance of (+)-propranolol decreased with
      evidence of increasing severity of impairment of liver function correlating
      significantly with a fall in serum albumin, a rise in bilirubin and a
      prolongation in prothrombin index. The clearance of (+)-propranolol correlated
      with and was numerically similar to the clearance of indocyanine green in normal
      subjects and also in patients with chronic liver disease. Protein binding was
      decreased in chronic liver disease, but this change was not related to changes in
      plasma proteins. In normal subjects and patients without ascites the volume of
      distribution increased with decreases in protein binding. Ascites was associated
      with a further increase in the volume of distribution. The considerable variation
      in half-life largely depends on changes in liver blood flow, the degree of
      protein binding and the plasma protein pool size.

PMID- 973959
TI  - beta-Adrenoceptor blocking activity and duration of action of pindolol and
      propranolol in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The beta-adrenoceptor blocking activities of pindolol and propranolol have been
      investigated in healthy male volunteers. Pindolol was about forty times more
      potent than propranolol in reducing isoprenaline-induced tachycardia. Pindolol (5
      mg) and propranolol (u99 mg) were approximately equiactive in reducing exercise
      induced tachycardia, 2 h after oral administration. The duration of action of
      pindolol is significantly longer than that of propranolol; 24 h after pindolol
      (kmg), 36+/-5% of the masimum effect were still present, and after propranolol
      (100 mg) 16+/-4% remained. Despite the long duration of action of pindolol, there
      was no evidence for cumulation during oral administration of 5 mg t.d.s. for 5
      days.

PMID- 973960
TI  - The effect of end-stage renal failure and haemodialysis on the elimination
      kinetics of sotalol.
AB  - A single oral dose of sotalol (160 mg) was administered to control subjects with
      normal renal function and patients with chronic renal failure in the
      interdialysis period to estimate the elimination kinetics of the drug. Sotalol
      concentrations in body fluids were measured fluorimetrically using a modified
      Garrett and Schnelle (1971) method. Mean plasma half-life (T 1/2) was
      approximately 5 h in normals, 42 h in patients off-dialysis. During haemodialysis
      the mean plasma half-time was on the average 7 hours. Comulative urinary
      excretion of the drug was considerably lower in the patient group: 9% of the dose
      in 48 h as opposed to 61% in normals. Comparison of sotalol concentrations in
      plasma versus ultrafiltrate from the coil kidney indicates that the drug in vivo
      is negligible bound to plasma proteins in remal patients. The net-lowering effect
      of a 6 to 7 h haemodialysis on the plasma concentration decay line was by 20%.
      Post-dialysis plasma concentration data suggest that the rate at which sotalol
      returns to plasma from body tissues appears to be the rate-controlling factor in
      the elimination of sotalol by haemodialysis.

PMID- 973961
TI  - The influence of smoking on the intersubject variation in pentazocine
      elimination.
AB  - The cumulative urinary excretion over 24 h of pentazocine, under conditions of
      acidic urinary pH, has been measured in smokers and non-smokers using both male
      and female subjects (seventy subjects in total). A restricted urban population
      was studied. An overall three-fold inter-subject variation in elimination was
      observed. The cumulative urinary excretion of pentazocine was normally
      distributed in both smokers and non-smokers. Smokers metabolize 40% more
      pentazocine than non-smokers. It is concluded that induction is principally
      responsible for the observed subject variability.

PMID- 973962
TI  - The influence of various factors in the in vitro distribution of haloperidol in
      human blood.
AB  - Haloperidol is 89.6+/-0.3% bound (mean+/-s.e. mean) in human plasma under in
      vitro conditions and the free drug distributes rapidly between the plasma and the
      cellular elements of blood. The cell/plasma partition ratio was 1.12+/-0.06
      (mean+/-s.e. mean). Alteration of plasma binding by dilution with buffer showed
      that uptake of haloperidol by the cellular elements of blood was proportional to
      free drug concentration. Bishydroxycoumarin (95 ot 286 mug/ml) reduced plasma
      binding of haloperidol and the displaced haloperidol was taken up by the cellular
      blood elements. The experiments indicate that the cellular compartment of blood
      as well as the plasma compartment may act as a sink for haloperidol and drug
      displacement interactions should therefore be interpreted with a knowledge of
      both of these compartments.

PMID- 973963
TI  - The effects of low doses of amylobarbitone sodium and diazepam on human
      performance.
AB  - The effects of diazepam (2.5 and 5 mg) and amylobarbitone sodium (50 and 100 mg)
      on performance and subjective effects were assessed in a group of twelve healthy
      subjects under standardised conditions. Treatments were administered orally at
      weekly intervals according to a balanced design and under double-blind
      conditions. The tests of performance most sensitive to drug effects in these
      healthy subjects were either prolonged and monotonous and gave the subject no
      feedback on performance, or required short term memory for efficient execution.
      Auditory vigilance was significantly impaired (P less than 0.05) between 45 min
      and 1 h 45 min after all drug treatments except amylobarbitone sodium (100 mg),
      compared with performance after lactose. At the same time false reports were
      significantly increased after amylobarbitone sodium (100 mg) compared with all
      other active drugs but not with lactose. These effects had disappeared 4-5 h post
      drug. Short term memory was impaired 1h 45 min after all treatments and
      impairment was dose related. No significant effects occurred 5h after treatment.
      Simple auditory reaction time was prolonged 2 h after the highest doses of
      amylobarbitone sodium and diazpam, and by amylobarbitone sodium (50 mg) 5 h 15
      min after treatment. At this time the effects of diazepam had worn off. Digit
      symbol substitution was impaired by amylobarbitone sodium (50 and 100 mg), and
      diazepam (5 mg) after 2 h 45 minutes. No significant changes in visual search or
      tapping occurred after active drugs compared with lactose. Subjective ratings
      indicated both mental and motor impairment 2 h 45 min after all active
      preparations compared with scores after lactose though significant changes
      followed diazepam (2.5 mg) infrequently. Both correct detections and false
      reports in auditory vigilance tended to fall over the 6 separate days of testing,
      indicating an increase in caution. Visual search, short term memory, tapping and
      digit symbol substitution significantly improved with time, but there was no
      change in reaction time. From the limited information obtained by sampling blood
      at 3 and 6 h, no relationship between change in performance and plasma level was
      found in these subjects.

PMID- 973964
TI  - The influence of premedication, anaesthesia, age and weight on glucose uptake
      into human isolated skeletal muscle.
AB  - The effect of the anaesthetic procedures and of the sex, age and weight of each
      patient on glucose uptake and glycogen content of human skeletal muscle has been
      studied in vitro in the presence and absence of insulin. Statistical analysis
      indicated that the relationships between age and both glucose uptake and the
      response to insulin were significant, older patients in general having higher
      uptakes. The blucose uptake was highly correlated with the three obesity indices
      (ponderal index, body mass index and percentage of the ideal weight). The
      anaesthetic agents had no significant effect on glucose uptake. The choice of
      premedication appeared to have a small effect on the basal glucose uptake level,
      but as the choice of premedication was also age related and age itself was a
      significant factor, this effect may not be of importance. It is concluded that
      the age and the degree of obesity of the patients ought to be taken into account
      when studying samples of human muscle.

PMID- 973965
TI  - Methods for collecting individual components of mixed saliva: the relevance to
      clinical pharmacology.
AB  - Methods are described for collecting constituents of mixed saliva, viz. parotid,
      submandibular, monor gland and sublingual saliva and gingival fluid. Literature
      is cited which showed that using these techniques, few antibiotics could be found
      in mixed saliva or its main components but all were detected in gingival fluid.
      Rifamicin and clindamycin were found in all components.

PMID- 973966
TI  - Assessment of antipyrine kinetics by measurement in saliva.
AB  - The half-life of antipyrine has been estimated from saliva samples in ten
      subjects by a gas chromatographic method. Half-life, apparent volume of
      distribution and total body clearance estimated from saliva and plasma
      concentrations of antipyrine are not significantly different. The concentration
      of antipyrine in saliva is independent of flow rate within the range expected in
      healthy subjects in response to mechanical and sapid stimuli. Antipyrine
      estimation in saliva could facilitate many areas of phaamacokinetic research
      limited by the difficulty of obtaining serial plasma samples.

PMID- 973967
TI  - Factors affecting drug binding in plasma of elderly patients.
AB  - The binding of salicylate, sulphadiazine and phenylbutazone to plasma proteins
      has been studied in young and elderly subjects. Elderly patients had
      significantly reduced concentrations of plasma albumin, compared with subjects
      under 40 years of age. Sifnificant increases in free levels of all three drugs
      were found in elderly patients receiving multiple drug therapy, and a correlation
      obtained with the number of drugs being taken. It is suggested that because of
      their low albumin levels, elderly patients may be more susceptible to the effects
      of multiple drug therapy on drug binding. The clinical implications of these
      observations are discussed.

PMID- 973968
TI  - Studies of the interaction of desmethylimipramine with tyramine in man after a
      single oral dose, and its correlation with plasma concentration.

PMID- 973969
TI  - Sensitive method for the determination of tandamine hydrochloride in plasma using
      a specific nitrogen detector.

PMID- 973970
TI  - Rectal administration of feprazone in healthy volunteers.

PMID- 973971
TI  - Haemodynamic long-term effects of a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, atenolol
      (ICI 66082), in essential hypertension.
AB  - 1 Thirteen men with untreated essential hypertension in WHO stage I were studied
      on an outpatient basis to evaluate the haemodynamic long-tern effect of a new
      beta-adrenoceptor blocker, atenolol. 2 Oxygen consumption, heart rate, cardiac
      output (Cardiogreen) and intraarterial branchial pressure were recorded at rest
      in a supine and sitting position and during steady state work at 300, 600 and 900
      kpm/min. 3 The subjects were treated with atenolol (dose 100-200 mg/day) as the
      sole drug for 1 year and the haemodynamic study was repeated. 4 The blood
      pressure was reduced approximately 18% both at rest and during exercise, the
      heart rate approximately 25% and the cardiac output 16% at rest supine and 27% at
      rest sitting. During exercise the reductions in cardiac output were approximately
      20%. The calculated total peripheral resistance was not decreased compared to
      pretreatment values. The mean arterial pressure-heart rate product was reduced
      almost 40%. 5 Apart from temporary muscular fatigue during the first weeks, no
      side-effects were seen. 6 Atenolol is an effective blood pressure lowering drug
      in mild and moderate hypertension, but the drop in blood pressure is associated
      with marked reduction in heart rate and cardiac output at rest as well as during
      exercise.

PMID- 973972
TI  - The effect of pindolol on plasma renin activity and blood pressure in
      hypertensive patients.
AB  - 1 The effect of pindolol administered to twenty-six patients with hypertension of
      unknown origin was compared with respect to blood pressure and plasma renin
      activity change after increase of the dose over a period of 6 weeks. 2 There was
      no clear correlation between the fall of plasma renin activity, which in some
      patients was very marked, and the fall in blood pressure. Some patients with a
      fall in plasma renin activity did not drop their pressure. Conversely, some with
      a fall of pressure did not drop their plasma renin activity. 3 The addition of
      hydrochlorothiazide to the pindolol finally caused further lowering of the blood
      pressure in all but one patient and the plasma renin activity rose in all but two
      patinets. There was no clear correlation between change in plasma renin activity
      and the effect on blood pressure.

PMID- 973973
TI  - Ethanol oxidizing enzyme activites in liver disease.
AB  - 1 The activites of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, catalase and the reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dependent ethanol oxidizing
      system were determined in liver biopsies from nine patients with liver disease
      and seven control subjects with non evidence of liver disease. 2 Alcohol
      dehydrogenase and catalase activites were significantly lower in the patients
      with liver disease. 3 The activity of the NADPH dependent ethanol oxidizing
      system was significantly greater in the patients with liver disease, when its
      activity was expressed in terms of mg protein or g wet weight liver. 4 It is
      suggested that the greater activity of the NADPH dependent system may compensate
      for the low alcohol dehydrogenase activites found in patients with liver disease
      and maintain normal rates of ethanol metabolism.

PMID- 973974
TI  - Agonist and antagonist effects of Sar1-ala8--angiotensin II in salt-loaded and
      salt-depleted normal man.
AB  - 1 Three normal subjects were infused with Sar1-ala8-angiotensin II (Saralasin,
      P113) whilst on a high sodium (200 mEq + normal diet) and a low sodium (10 mEq
      diet) intake. 2 On the high sodium intake when angiotensin II and plasma renin
      activity (PRA) were suppressed, P113 infusion (5-10 mug kg-1 min-1) caused a
      slight rise in BP and a marked drop in urine flow and sodium excretion, with a
      fall in glomerular filtration rate, and effective renal plasma flow. 3 On the low
      sodium intake, when angiotensin II and PRA were increased, P113 infusion (5-10
      mugkg-1 min-1) caused no change in blood pressure, urine flow or sodium
      excretion. However, when P113 was infused at an incremental rate starting at 0.25
      mug kg-1 min-1 there was a fall in standing BP, which was maximal at an infusion
      rate of 1 mug kg-1 min-1, and this fall in standing BP was largely abolished as
      the rate of infusion was increased to 10 mug kg-1 min -1. 4 These results show
      firstly that angiotension II is involved in maintaning standing blood pressure
      during dietary sodium depletion in normal man and secondly that P113 does have
      agonist as well as antagonist activity in normal man, the effect depending on the
      level of angiotension II and sodium intake. When looking for angiotensin II
      mediated hypertension it may ne important to use an incremental rate of infusion
      of P113 as the agonist activity of larger doses may mask its hypotensive action.

PMID- 973975
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of meptazinol, a new analgesic drug.
AB  - 1 The absorption, metabolism and excretion of the new analgesic meptazinol has
      been studied in male volunteers following oral and intravenous administration of
      a mixture of the [1-14C] and [7-3H] labelled compound. 2 After oral dosage,
      absorption from the gastrointestinal tract was rapid as evidenced by the early
      attainment of peak plasma radioactivity levels and near complete as shown by only
      small amounts of radioactivity recovered in the faeces. 3 Although the absorption
      of the drug was good, the systemic bioavailability was relatively low. Plasma
      levels of the unchanged drug remained below the limit of detection (20 ng/ml)
      after an oral dose of 200 mg. However, after intravenous administration of only
      20 mg the peak plasma level was approximately 58 ng/ml. Subsequent elimination
      was rapid and proceeded in an apparently mono exponential manner with a half-life
      of approximately 2 hours. 4 Excretion of radioactivity was rapid irrespective of
      the dosage route and took place chiefly via the urine. Over 60% of the
      administered radioactivity was recovered in the 0-24 h urine collection. Less
      than 10% of the administered dose was excreted in the faeces. 5 Less than 5% of
      the drugs was excreted unchanged. The major metabolite appeared to be the
      glucuronide conjugate of the parent drug. No evidence was found for N
      demethylation of the compound. A minor metabolite of the drug which accounted for
      approximately 7% of the recovered radioactivity has been tentatively identified
      as 6-ethyl - 6 - (3-hydroxyphenyl) - 1 - methyl-hexahydroazepin - (2H)-2-ONE.

PMID- 973976
TI  - Effect of intravenous injection of salbutamol in asthma.

PMID- 973977
TI  - Factors affecting drug-protein binding in the plasma of newborn infants.

PMID- 973980
TI  - The administration of drugs and vaccines by the intranasal route.

PMID- 973981
TI  - Modification by diazepam or thioridazine of the psychomotor skills related to
      driving: a subacute trial in neurotic out-patients.
AB  - Forty-five out-patients with clinically manifested anxiety were tested in order
      to study the effects of 2 weeks' treatment with placebo, diazepam (5-10 mg three
      times daily) or thioridazine (25-50 mg three times daily) on their psychomotor
      skills related to driving. When compared with placebo, diazepam increased the
      number of mistakes in reaction and co-ordination tests and also decreased ability
      to discriminate the fusion of flickering light. When compared to other groups,
      reactive and co-ordinative skills were more impaired in patients treated with
      thioridazine which also impaired divided attention. Aubjectively thioridazine was
      not experienced as effective an anxiolytic as diazepam.

PMID- 973982
TI  - Distribution and removal of human serum albumin-technetium 99m instilled
      intranasally.
AB  - The efficacy of antiviral drugs and vaccines administered intranasally may depend
      upon the technique of application. The distribution and time-course of removal of
      human serum albumin-technetium 99m (HSA-Tc 99m)-instilled intranasally were
      studied in eleven healthy volunteers using a gamma camera and an anterior sodium
      iodide scintillation detector. In 100 randomized studies material was delivered
      as drops in the supine position or as a spray to seated subjects. A significantly
      higher proportion of 'good' distributions (62 in 73 tests) was obtained with
      drops compared with spray (1 in 27). The volume administered was varied between
      0.10 ml and 0.75 ml and the concentration of HSA was changed from 3 to 30% with
      no significant effect upon the distribution of time-course of removal;
      pertechnetate in isotonic saline was distributed and removed in a manner
      comparable to HSA-Tc 99m. Activity recorded by the detector showed an initial
      rapid fall associated with removal of most of the material from the nasal cavity,
      followed by a slower decline associated with the removal of material mainly from
      the anterior region of the nose. A multidose study confirmed that frequent
      administration by drops is required to maintain a high level of activity in the
      nasal cavity. Using this technique it should be possible to correlate
      measurements of antiviral efficacy and vaccines take-rates with certain
      characteristics of intranasal applicators; such studies may lead to the design of
      better devices.

PMID- 973983
TI  - Serum and lung tissue levels of cephradine in thoracic surgery.
AB  - Serum and lung tissue levels in fifteen patients who underwent thoracic surgery
      were determined by the agar-diffusion plate method after i.m. administration of
      cephradine (500 mg). The mean value of the serum level 30 to 120 min after
      administration was 6.5 mug/ml, the mean lung tissue level was 2.6 mug/g. The lung
      tissue levels reached 40% of the simultaneous serum level. Four patients received
      cephradine for the treatment of post-operative chest infections. This antibiotic
      has an important therapeutic role in cases of thoracic-surgical infections.

PMID- 973984
TI  - Serum concentrations and bioavailability of rifampicin and isoniazid in
      combination.
AB  - The bioavailability of rifampicin and isoniazid from formulations containing
      these drugs in combination has been compared to that from formulations containing
      either drug alone. No formulation-related differences in either rates or extent
      of bioavailability were found after administration of each formulation. Mean peak
      serum concentrations of rifampicin (8.2-11.7 mug/ml) occurring 2 to 4 h after
      doses of 600 mg, and isoniazid (3.6-4.8 mug/ml) occurring 0.5 to 1 h after doses
      of 300 mg, were similar to those reported in the literature.

PMID- 973985
TI  - A radioimmunoassay method for prednisolone: comparison with the competitive
      protein binding method.
AB  - Cross reactivity of prednisolone with an antiserum raised against dexamethasone
      21-hemisuccinate conjugated with bovine serum albumin was utilized to develop a
      radioimmunoassay for prednisolone in unextracted plasma. The results are in good
      agreement with those obtained with a standard competitive protein binding method
      employing prior extraction and separation of the synthetic from endogenous
      steroids.

PMID- 973986
TI  - The relationship between liver volume, antipyrine clearance and indocyanine green
      clearance before and after phenobarbitone administration in man.
AB  - Liver volume and the clearances of antipyrine and indocyanine green have been
      measured before and after administration of phenobarbitone (180 mg/day) for 3
      weeks to ten healthy subjects. The measurement of liver volume by an ultrasound
      scanning technique yielded reproducible results which were consistent with
      predictions of liver size by allometric methods. Before phenobarbitone,
      antipyrine clearance correlated with liver volume, but there was no correlation
      between indocyanine green clearance and liver volume. Phenobarbitone
      administration increased the clearance of antipyrine significantly by 90 +/- 14%
      but there was no significant change in indocyanine green clearance or liver
      volume. After phenobarbitone the correlation between antipyrine clearance and
      liver volume persisted. There was no correlation between indocyanine green
      clearance and liver volume. These results suggest that in non-medicated subjects
      some of the difference in antipyrine clearance is due to difference in functional
      hepatic parenchymal mass and that phenobarbitone increases the drug metabolising
      capacity per unit of hepatic mass but not total liver size.

PMID- 973987
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetic studies of perphenazine.
AB  - A gas-chromatographic method was used for the study in man of the kinetics of
      perphenazine (PPZ) and its sulphoxide metabolite (PPZ-SO). Various forms of PPZ
      administration were applied in eighteen schizophrenic patients and four healthy
      volunteers. Following an i.v. dose of 5 or 6 mg a considerable fluctuation in the
      plasma concentration was noted before the exponential elimination phase. The
      average terminal half-life of PPZ was approximately 9.5 hours. PPZ-SO showed up
      quickly but in low concentrations. After an oral dose of 6 mg no PPZ was detected
      in plasma and PPZ-SO only as traces. During continuous oral medication, 12 mg
      three times daily, a low systemic availability and a high PPZ-SO/PPZ ratio was
      found suggesting a marked first pass effect. PPZ-enanthate given i.m. fortnightly
      resulted in PPZ-levels comparable to those seen after continuous oral medication,
      but PPZ-SO concentration were much lower. No accumulation was observed. The
      systemic clearance rate (average approximately 100 1/h) was the same after PPZ
      enanthate i.m. and PPZ i.v., but varied three-fold individually. Side effects
      were mostly, but not always, registered concomitant with high plasma levels of
      PPZ.

PMID- 973988
TI  - The ralationship between changes in 5-HT induced platelet aggregation and
      clinical state in patients treated with fluphenazine.
AB  - Platelet aggregation responses to 5-HT and adenosine diphosphate were examined in
      a population of eighteen patients treated with fluphenazine decanoate for longer
      than one year. 5-HT induced aggregation was enhanced in ten subjects. This
      enhancement was similar to that previously described in patients receiving
      chlorpromazine. Patients who showed enhanced 5-HT induced aggregation showed less
      rateable psychopathology and less extrapyramidal side-effects than patients who
      did not show enhancement. These findings suggest that platelet aggregation
      responses could be used to identify patients who could be safely withdrawn from
      long-term neuroleptic therapy.

PMID- 973989
TI  - Effects of aspirin and prostaglandin E2 on secondary phase aggregation responses
      of schizophrenic patients treated with chlorpromazine.
AB  - We investigated the effects of oral aspirin 900 mg upon the platelet aggregation
      responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine or N-dimethyl dopamine in
      schizophrenic patients chronically treated with chlorpromazine. Most subjects
      showed enchanced aggregation responses (that is appearance of secondary phase
      aggregation) to these agents prior to aspirin administration. When aggregation
      was re-tested 23.5 h after aspirin the secondary phase of the enhanced
      aggregation responses was abolished. Addition of 0.14-0.3 mumol/l prostaglandin
      E2 15 s after inducing aggregation partially restored the secondary phase. The
      observed secondary phase of aggregation may be due to increased prostaglandin
      synthesis or release.

PMID- 973990
TI  - Intramuscular salbutamol in acute asthma.

PMID- 973991
TI  - A convenient and reliable method for repeated venous blood sampling in man.

PMID- 973992
TI  - Digoxin: linearity between dose and serum concentration.

PMID- 973993
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine and dopamine pathways in mania: a pilot study of fenfluramine
      and pimozide.

PMID- 973994
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies on tiquinamide, a novel inhibitor of gastric acid
      secretion.

PMID- 973995
TI  - Salivary antipyrine half-life: a useful measure of hepatic drug metabolism.

PMID- 973996
TI  - Measurement of theophylline in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 973997
TI  - Macrophages and lymphoid tissues in mice with concomitant tumour immunity.
AB  - The growth in mice of subcutaneous isografts of any of 5 methylcholanthrene
      induced fibrosarcomas was associated with macrophage stimulation, reflected in an
      increased incidence of DNA-synthesizing cells among marcophages in the uninjected
      peritoneal cavity. This occurred at some stage with 4 tumours that induced
      concomitant immunity and one that did not. Some degree of splenomegaly also
      occurred with all 5 tumours. The spleens of all the tumour-bearing mice showed
      histological evidence of increased haemopoietic activity. Histological changes in
      the lymphoid elements of the spleen were very different with different tumours,
      ranging from lymphoid stimulation to lymphoid atrophy. The lymph nodes draining
      the sites of primary isografts which induced concomitant immunity showed signs of
      stimulation in the paracortical areas, followed by plasmacytopoiesis in the
      medullary areas. Stimulation of the paracortical areas was not detected in the
      nodes draining sites of injection of a tumour not inducing concomitant immunity.
      Nodes draining the sites of challenge isografts in mice exhibiting concomitant
      immunity showed plasmacytopiesis.

PMID- 973998
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen and glucose phosphate isomerase in a human colonic
      cancer model (GW-39).
AB  - Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI)
      have been compared in the circulating blood of hamsters bearing intra-muscular
      grafts of GW-39 human colonic tumour. CEA in the sera of GW-39 tumour-bearing
      hamsters ranged from 2-6 to 8-4 ng/ml (mean = 4-5 +/- 1-7 ng/ml). GPI in the sera
      of normal hamsters ranged from 332 to 749 iu/1 (mean = 602 +/- 110 iu/1) while
      those with 14-week-old intra-muscular grafts of a hamster amelanotic melanoma,
      (A.Mel.3), or GW-39 human colonic carcinoma had a range of 664 to 1267 iu/1 (mean
      = 1024 +/- 220 iu/1) and 1430 to 4719 iu/1 (mean = 2065 +/- 601 iu/1)
      respectively. Thus, the ratio of enzyme activity in GW-39, A.Mel.3, and normal
      hamsters was 3-4:1-7:1, indicating a significant elevation (P less than 0-01) in
      animals bearing a human colon carcinoma or a hamster melanoma, with particularly
      high values obtained in hamsters with GW-39. Sequential determinations of CEA and
      GPI in a group of hamsters transplanted intra-muscularly with GW-39 tumours
      revealed that both markers increased proportionately with duration of tumour
      growth, suggesting that both serum CEA and GPI may be used as measures of tumour
      growth. The concentration of GPI in GW-39 human colonic carcinoma xenografts was
      also significantly higher than that measured in normal human colon, primary human
      colonic cancer, or normal hamster tissues. These results support the view that
      GPI, in addition to CEA, is a quantitatively increased marker in this tumour
      model, and is liberated into the circulation in proportion to the increase in
      tumour mass.

PMID- 973999
TI  - Altered enzyme expression in "differentiated" murine neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Out of 17 enzymes studied, only 9 were detectable by starch gel electrophoresis
      in mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and 4(-3-butoxy
      4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (R020-1724), a specific inhibitor of cAMP
      phosphodiesterase, were used to induce "differentiation". Lactate and 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenases and adenylate kinase were expressed as single
      bands in untreated neuroblastoma and induced "differentiated" cells, but the
      electrophoretic mobility of these enzymes in PGE1-treated cells was slower than
      that in malignant and R020-1724-treated cells. Three bands of glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase were detectable in PGE1-treated cells, whereas the R020-1724
      treated cells had two bands and the untreated neuroblastoma cells had only one
      band. Aldolase was also expressed as a single band; however, the activity of this
      enzyme was much higher in PGE1-treated cells, whereas the activity was bately
      detectable for R020-1724-treated and untreated neuroblastoma cells. Some of the
      enzymes which are present in vivo are absent in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase is
      present in brain but is absent in neuroblastoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Two
      bands each of triose phsophate isomerase, fumarase and aldolase are present in
      brain, but only one band of these enzymes is present in neuroblastoma cells.
      Although PGE1 and R020-1724 induce many differentiated functions in neuroblastoma
      cells in a similar manner, PGE1 appears to change characteristically the
      expression of several enzymes.

PMID- 974000
TI  - Detailed cytogenetic study of a metastatic bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - Karyotyping and marker analysis of G- and C-banded metaphases from a metastatic
      bronchial carcinoma revealed a dominant stemline with five markers and four
      sidelines with additional markers. One to three minute bodies were noted in the
      majority of cells and these were classified as markers. On the basis of this
      analysis it was possible to postulate an evolutionary pathway within the tumour
      whereby the stemline was derived from existing sidelines.

PMID- 974001
TI  - Relevance of hydroxyproline excretion to bone metastasis in breast cancer.
AB  - In 181 consecutive patients with breast cancer, urinary hydroxyproline excretion
      has been critically evaluated in conjunction with clinical, biochemical,
      radiological and scintigraphic parameters. The urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine
      ratio is a sensitive index of the presence of bone metastases. Urinary
      hydroxyproline excretion is a reliable method of selecting those patients whose
      elevated serum alkaline phosphatase is secondary to bone disease rather than
      liver idsease. The estimation of hydroxyproline excretion furthermore gives
      information on the activity of bone metastasis, and its response to treatment,
      which cannot be given by radiological or scintigraphic methods. It is doubtful
      whether urinary hydroxyproline estimation will help to detect bone metastases
      before they are apparent on scintigrams. When the bone scan is doubtful, as often
      occurs in older subjects, hydroxyproline excretion has been found to be helpful
      in classifying the patient. When scintigraphy is not available, an elevation of
      hydroxyproline excretion, together with an elevation of Ca/cr ratio or alkaline
      phosphatase activity, may pre-date by several months the radiological
      demonstration of osseous metastases.

PMID- 974002
TI  - Serum ferritin concentration in early breast cancer.
AB  - The concentration of circulating ferritin was measured in 250 normal adult women
      and 229 women presenting with early breast cancer. Ferritin concentrations are
      higher in cancer patients than in normal women. Patients with an intial
      circulating ferritin concentration above 200 mug/1 have a higher tumour
      recurrence rate during the subsequent 4 years.

PMID- 974003
TI  - Allogeneic grafts of spontaneous canine melanomas and their cell culture strains
      in neonatal immunosuppressed dogs.
AB  - Canine melanoma has been transplanted to allogeneic neonatal recipients receiving
      continuous immunosuppression with anti-lymphocyte serum. One spontaneous melanoma
      was directly transplanted into 8 recipients, 6 of which developed tumours. 5/5
      melanoma cell cultures were transplantable, with 19 tumour takes in 31 allogeneic
      recipients. Serial passage was performed in the case of two melanomas. Tumour
      development required continuous immunosuppression and the site was dependent upon
      the route of inoculation and other factors. Transplanted cell cultures were all
      amelanotic in vitro and in vivo, except in the case of one melanoma which
      reverted to a melanotic morphology after in vivo growth.

PMID- 974004
TI  - Decreased resistance to intravenous tumour-cell challenge during
      reticuloendothelial depression following surgery.
AB  - The influence of surgical stress on resistance to i.v. challenge with Walker 256
      tumour cells was investigated in rats, with respect to the functional state of
      the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Phagocytic activity of the RES was
      evaluated by colloid (gelatinized [131I] "RE test lipid emulsion") clearance, and
      opsonin levels were determined by bioassay. Reticuloendothelial clearance
      capacity was significantly (P less than 0-05) depressed 60 min following surgery
      (coeliotomy plus jejunal enterotomy) as quantified by both humoral and cellular
      parameters of RE function. Phagocytic depression was primarily due to impaired
      hepatic Kupffer cell function and related to a deficiency in the phagocytic
      supporting capacity of plasma, also referred to as opsonic or recognition factor
      (RF) capacity. During the postoperative period of RES colloid clearance
      depression, pulmonary localization of the blood-borne test particulate matter
      increased. Rats challenged with 51Cr-labelled viable tumour cells at a dose of 1
      0 X 106 i.v., either prior to or during the postoperative period of RE
      depression, manifested a significant (P less than 0-05) increment in pulmonary
      localization of the viable tumour cells, and a decrease (P less than 0-05) in
      hepatic clearance. Evaluation of survival patterns demonstrated a significant (P
      less than 0-01) decrease in host resistance to i.v. tumour cell challenge (2 X
      103 cells) during the postoperative period of RE depression and hypo-opsonaemia.
      Sham-anaesthetized control animals survived 17-9 +/- 0-8 days, while animals
      challenged during the period of RE depression survived 7-9 +/- 0-4 days. An
      increased incidence of respiratory distress and nasal discharge was observed in
      the animals with impaired survival. Thus, surgical manipulation may transiently
      compromise RES systemic host defence and may be reflected in an increment in the
      pulmonary localization of blood-borne tumour cells. The relationship of this
      altered pattern of tumour cell distribution to the impaired survival remains to
      be determined, and warrants investigations.

PMID- 974005
TI  - The effect of low-dose pre-operative X-irradiation of implanted mouse mammary
      carcinomas on local recurrence and metastasis.
AB  - Pre-operative X-irradiation of s.c. implanted first-generation mammary tumours in
      C3H mice, using either 500 rad or two fractions of 350 rad, produced no
      improvement in the success of surgery in causing local control or in reduction of
      distant metastases. The metastasis rate was just significantly higher after the
      two-fraction treatment of the implanted tumour than after surgical removal alone.
      The results are in agreement with previously published results on carcinomas and
      a sarcoma but contrast with those for murine lymphomas.

PMID- 974006
TI  - Toxicity, distribution and elimination of the cancerostatic lectins abrin and
      ricin after parenteral injection into mice.
AB  - The survival time of mice after i.v. injection of the cancerostatic lectins,
      abrin and ricin was recorded. The LD50 dose was found to be 10-13 ng and 55-65 ng
      per mouse for abrin and ricin, respectively. Increasing amounts of toxin reduced
      the survival time, reaching a minimum of about 10 h. Lactose injected with ricin,
      provided partial protection against ricin, as measured by the survival time.
      Abrin and ricin labelled with 125I, and shown to retain their full toxic
      activity, were injected into mice. Most of the radioactivity found in the organs
      was present in the form of intact toxins, at least up to 5 h after injection.
      After i.v. injection the highest concentration/g tissue was found in spleen,
      followed by kidneys, heart, liver and thymus. The relative concentration in liver
      was considerably higher for ricin than for abrin. Similar results were found
      after i.p. injection. When lactose was administered together with ricin, almost
      80% of the ricin injected was found in the liver after 30 min, compared to 48%
      without lactose, and the amount in other organs was concurrently reduced. The
      elimination of total radioactivity was much faster for ricin than abrin. The
      radioactivity found in the urine was largely present in non-trichloroacetic acid
      precipitable form, indicating that the toxins were extensively degraded before
      excretion.

PMID- 974008
TI  - The written syntax of an English deaf child: an exploration in method.

PMID- 974007
TI  - The effect of isoprenaline on induction of tumours by methyl nitrosourea in the
      salivary and mammary glands of female wistar rats.
AB  - Pretreatment of rats with isoprenaline sulphate (IPR) stimulated DNA synthesis in
      both salivary and mammary gland tissues. Salivary gland tumours induced by N
      methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) were observed for the first time in rats, but occurred
      only in IPR-pretreated animals given MNU during the period of IPR-stimulated DNA
      synthesis. The cumulative index of MNU-induced mammary tumours and the number of
      tumours per tumour-bearing rat were increased by IPR-pretreament only if the
      animals received MNU during the period of IPR-stimulated DNA synthesis.

PMID- 974009
TI  - Token Test performances by learning disabled and achieving adolescents.

PMID- 974010
TI  - Proposed evaluation of speech therapy for acquired aphasia.

PMID- 974011
TI  - Language and intelligence in dysphasia: are they related?

PMID- 974012
TI  - The effect of auditory feedback masking on concomitant movements of stammering.

PMID- 974013
TI  - Epithelioma adenoides cysticum: genetic update.
AB  - Epithelioma adenoides cysticum (EAC) is a well-known genodermatosis which follows
      an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Questions still remain, however,
      concerning an apparent excess of females with EAC. An analysis of nineteen
      previously published pedigrees and one newly ascertained pedigree, which in the
      aggregate included over 175 cases of EAC, induced no excess of affected females,
      but rather, a marked deficit males. This deficiency was not the consequence of
      sex linkage or decreased viability, and was most evident in large pedigrees and
      sibships, sibships not including the probands, and late birth orders. In these
      situations, the penetrance of EAC in male gene carriers was only 50%, but was
      close to 100% in female gene carries. Under maximum detection conditions, i.e.
      small pedigrees, small sibships, sibships containing the proband, and early birth
      orders, the penetrance in males increased to 85% and was again close to 100% in
      females. These findings suggested that the deficit of affected males was best
      explained by a comination of lessened expressivity and penetrance, effects which
      were magnified under situations of poor detection. A review of familial cases of
      EAC indicated no consistent associated anomalies such as those that characterize
      the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

PMID- 974014
TI  - Histopathological spectrum of erythema multiforme.
AB  - Lesions of erythema multiforeme from seventy-five patients have been studied
      histologically. In addition to peculiar intercellular epidermal oedema,
      subepidermal separation and a lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the
      papillary dermis, epidermal cell necrosis was observed in a variable percentage
      of the lesions. While dermal disturbance was a predominant finding in the macular
      lesions, focal or generalized keratinocytic necrosis was seen in the macular,
      papular, bullous and iris lesions in that order of frequency. Significant numbers
      of eosinophils were present in the inflammatory infiltrate in 60% of the bullous
      and 28% of the macular lesions. Our findings suggest that erythema nultiforme
      represents a tissue reaction with spectral expression, one end presenting as a
      predominantly dermal disturbance and the other merging into the adult type of
      toxic epidermal necrolysis. Yet, the histological features remain sufficiently
      characteristic for differentiation from other erythematous and vesiculobullous
      eruptions.

PMID- 974015
TI  - Histology simulating reticulosis in secondary syphilis.

PMID- 974016
TI  - Changes in transepidermal water loss and the composition of epidermal lecithin
      after applications of pure fatty acid triglycerides to skin of essential fatty
      acid-deficient rats.
AB  - The importance of various unsaturated fatty acid triglycerides to the repair of
      faulty skin barrier function was studied in essential fatty acid-deficient rats.
      Following cutaneous application of the pure triglycerides for up to 5 days, the
      hitherto high rate of transepidermal water loss, characteristic of essential
      fatty acid deficiency in rats, was reduced by the triglycerides of linoleic and
      gamma-linolenic acids. Incorporation of the applied fatty acids into the lecithin
      of the epidermis accompanied these changes in water loss, indicating that
      cutaneously applied triglycerides may be metabolized by the skin and incorporated
      into complex lipids. Other fatty acid triglycerides, including alpha-linolenic,
      dihomo-gamma-linolenic, arachidonic and omega-7-heneicosatrienoic acid, did not
      lower the rate of transepidermal water loss, although all were incorporated into
      epidermal structural lipids. The non-essential oleic acid also had no effect upon
      the rate of transepidermal water loss. These data suggest that of the two main
      essential fatty acids that occur in skin, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, the
      former specifically plays an important role in regulating barrier function
      whereas the later may have a separate function, such as serving as a precursor of
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 974017
TI  - The diffusion of nandrolone through hydrated human cadaver skin.
AB  - Effective diffusion constants have been determined for the permeation of
      nandrolone through whole and stripped human abdominal cadaver skin in vitro. From
      the values obtained, the diffusion constant for nandrolone in the stratum corneum
      has been inferred. The experimental approach used yields reproducible results for
      skin samples taken from a single individual. There is also a surprising degree of
      uniformity in the values obtained for skin from different individuals.

PMID- 974018
TI  - The fate of Staphylococcal exfoliatin in newborn and adult mice.
AB  - The distribution and excretion of the staphylococcal exfoliatin was investigated
      following in vivo administration of highly purified 125I-labelled exfoliatin
      fractions to adult and newborn mice. Adult mice excrete approximately one-third
      of a test dose by 3 hours as compared to a fifteenth of a test dose excreted by
      newborn mice. Accordingly, blood tracer radioactivity reaches a relatively higher
      peak and shows a slower decline in newborns than in adults. The urine of adult
      mice contains considerable biologically active exfoliating material. Both
      nephrectomized and carbon tetrachloride-poisoned adult mice injected with
      exfoliatin develop generalized exfoliation whereas comparable doses in untreated
      controls have no effect. On the other hand, subtotal hepatectomy, followed by
      injection of exfoliatin, does not lead to exfoliation. We conclude that renal
      immaturity is a critical factor responsible for the susceptibility of neonates to
      generalized staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

PMID- 974019
TI  - Hypersensitivity to bacteria in eczema. II. Titre and immunoglobulin class of
      antibodies to staphylococci and micrococci.
AB  - The amounts of agglutinating antibody to staphylococcal and micrococcal phenol
      extracted (probably teichoic acids) and protein antigens, prepared from Baird
      Parker types S1, SIV and M1, were no greater in eczematous than in control
      persons. Most antibody to phenol-extracted to phenol-extracted antigens was IgM
      which frequently activated complement to lyse red cells which had adsorbed the
      bacterial antigen. IgG antibody against phenol-extracted staphylococcal antigen
      (Staph. aureus, Baird Parker Type S1) was shown to be specific antibody combining
      by the F(ab)2 portion of the molecule. The phenol-extracts did not contain
      staphylococcal Protein A that binds to the Fc portion of IgG. Furthermore, the
      presence of Protein A in the protein or total antigen extracts did not appear to
      modify the results of the tanned cell agglutination test. The occurrence of
      immediate or of 4 h, Arthus-like skin test responses to staphylococcal or
      micrococcal antigens was unrelated to the agglutinin or complement-lysis titre of
      the relevant antibody.

PMID- 974020
TI  - Muscle herniation of the lower legs.

PMID- 974021
TI  - Adverse reaction to the beta-adrenergic blocking drugs.

PMID- 974022
TI  - Infantile eczema: A long-term follow-up study.
AB  - A 15-17 year follow-up study was conducted on ninety-nine patients who had
      suffered from infantile eczema. The persistance of the eczema and the occurrence
      of related conditions were noted. The persistence of eczema was shown to be
      greater in those patients with a positive family history of eczema and in those
      who had developed asthma or hay-fever. An attempt was made to see if the
      persistence of eczema was affected by the position of the child in the family,
      and some factors provoking relapses were noted. The patients were also questioned
      with regard to their achievements in academic examinations, and to their social,
      artistic and sporting activities. The results showed a success rate in
      examinations not significantly higher than average. It was not possible to show
      if there is a particular type of atopic personality. There was no constant
      characteristic in social or artistic patterns. The group as a whole were normal
      at the milestones of early development, i.e. walking, talking and reading, and
      also normal with regard to weight and height.

PMID- 974023
TI  - Psychological profile of patients with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Tests designed to measure psychopathological characteristics common to the
      neurotic population were administered to patients with atopic dermatitis,
      patients with other dermatological disorders and to a control group of normal
      individuals. The parameters tested were manifest anxiety, neurosis, extroversion,
      depression, hypochondriasis and hysteria. The scores were statistically analyzed.
      The results showed that patients with atopic dermatitis responded significantly
      differently from patients with other dermatological diseases and from the control
      group in specific psychometric scales. Moreover, patients with skin conditions
      other than atopic dermatitis also responded significantly differently from the
      control group. The study clearly shows that patients with atopic dermatitis have
      a characteristic psychological profile not shared by the other two groups. The
      atopic dermatitis patients tend to be in a state of high manifest anxiety,
      depressed, neurotic and hypochondriac.

PMID- 974024
TI  - Pigmented lesions in newborn infants.
AB  - 1058 newborn infants were examined. Forty-one (3-9%) had clinically discernible
      pigmented lesions compatible with melanocytic naevi. Biopsy was performed on
      thirty-four of the forty-one and of these; eleven, representing 1-01% of the
      infants, proved to be melanocytic naevi. No giant (garment) naevi were seen in
      this series. Two of the eleven naevi pathologically examined showed histological
      changes similar to those that have been reported in some giant naevi, but the
      remaining nine were not only different from criteria usually assigned to giant
      naevi, but they also differed from the usual adult naevi, in that most were
      predominantly junctional. None of the melanocytic naevi in this series showed any
      suggestion of malignant change. In newborn infants it is often impossible
      clinically to distinguish naevi from other types of pigmented lesions, as only
      eleven out of the thirty-four pigmented lesions were melanocytic naevi. Seven of
      the eleven melanocytic naevi were under 1-5 cm in diameter. No pigmented lesions
      were found on the palms, soles or genitalia.

PMID- 974025
TI  - The effects of photosensitizers and ultraviolet irradiation on the biosynthesis
      and metabolism of prostaglandins.
AB  - Prostaglandin biosynthesis from arachidonic acid by skin microsomal fraction
      preparation was enhanced by UV-irradiation at wavelengths of 254 and 360 nm. In
      the presence of 8-methoxy psoralen (8 MOP) and coal tar, prostaglandin
      biosynthesis was further enhanced approximately 2-fold by UV-irradiation at 254
      nm. Stimulation was less by UV-irradiation at 360 nm. 8-MOP enhanced the
      conversion of PGE2 into PGF2-9-ketoreductase prepared from skin high speed
      supernatant fractions. UV-irradiation at 254 nm and 360 nm with or without the
      photosensitizers had no effect on the activity of the PGE2-9-ketoreductase. These
      data therefore indicate that the action of UV-irradiation, 8-methoxy psoralen and
      coal tar on the skin may in part be due to their regulation of the biosynthesis
      and metabolism of prostaglandins in this tissue.

PMID- 974026
TI  - Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: Light and electron microscopic studies.
AB  - Specimens from two cases of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn were studied
      by light and electron microscopy. Crystallization of the fat cell started with
      clearing of the central fat droplet, followed by the appearance of cylindrical
      crystals. The fat crystals were phagocytosed by cytoplasmic projections of
      macrophages as well as by foreign body giant cells. Calcium deposits were
      demonstrated within the central fat droplet of the degenerated fat cell of Case
      2.

PMID- 974027
TI  - Metal corrosion by chloride in sweat. The problem of 'rusters' in industry.
AB  - Workers in the precision engineering industry who readily corrode metal are known
      as 'rusters'. We have described two patients with this condition, and review
      current ideas with regard to its cause, detection, prevention and treatment.

PMID- 974028
TI  - Proprietary hydrocortisone creams. Vasoconstrictor activities and bio
      availabilities of six preparations.
AB  - Six proprietary hydrocortisone creams were evaluated for vasoconstrictor
      activities and bio-availabilities using an occluded blanching test. Statistical
      analysis showed a significant difference between the formulations. Dioderm,
      containing 0-1% hydrocortisone, was significantly more active than the 1%
      hydrocortisone creams--Alphaderm, Calmurid HC, Efcortelan and Vioform
      Hydrocortisone. There was no significant difference between Dioderm and Dioderm
      C. Unlike creams containing more potent corticosteroids the hydrocortisone
      formulations apparently failed to produce steroid reservoirs in the stratum
      corneum as assessed by the blanching response.

PMID- 974029
TI  - Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Analysis of an affected family.
AB  - A family is analysed in which disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis
      (DSAP) occurred in five members. All three children of one generation are
      affected. Clinical, histopathological and genetic aspects of DSAP are discussed.
      Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis appears to be a clinical variant
      of porokeratosis of Mibelli. Since DSAP is a genodermatosis inherited as an
      autosomal dominant it can occur in any geographical location; however excess
      sunlight can definitely exacerbate the condition.

PMID- 974030
TI  - Unilateral epidermal naevus resembling acanthosis nigricans.
AB  - A man born with a unilateral epidermal naevus on the right side of the abdomen
      developed at puberty symmetrical benign acanthosis nigricans in the body folds.
      The symmetrical eruption later disappeared completely. The unilateral epidermal
      naevus and the symmetrical eruption showed identical histological features, i.e.
      those of acanthosis nigricans. At the age of 32 he developed a muco-epidermoid
      cancer of the left parotid gland. A decision whether the association of
      unilateral epidermal naevi with malignant tumours occurs with unusual frequency
      requires (a) a long follow-up of the patient with the unilateral naevus, (b) a
      differentiation of the unilateral eruption from unilateral malignant acanthosis
      nigricans and (c) statistical evidence.

PMID- 974031
TI  - Pemphigus induced by rifampicin.

PMID- 974032
TI  - Characteristics and clinical importance of killer (K)-cells.

PMID- 974033
TI  - Alpha-thalassaemia trait in various racial groups in the United Kingdom:
      characterization of a variant of alpha-thalassaemia in Indians.
AB  - Patients whose red-cell indices are suggestive of thalassaemia trait, but who
      have a normal haemoglobin electrophoretic pattern, may be carriers of alpha
      thalassaemia. A diagnosis of alpha-thalassaemia trait was made in 44 such
      patients, using the incorporation of [3H]leucine by reticulocytes to measure the
      relative rates of synthesis of the alpha- and beta-chains of adult haemoglobin.
      Patients with alpha-thalassaemia trait had a reduced rate of synthesis of the
      alpha-chains, with a mean alpha/beta specific activity ratio of 0.79+/-SD 0.07.
      The mean alpha/beta specific activity ratio of 20 control subjects was 1.06+/-SD
      0.08. The diagnostic value of the haemoglobin H(Hb H) preparation was assessed in
      proven alpha-thalassaemia heterozygotes of various races. A high proportion of
      'false negative' results in Indian and Negro heterozygotes indicated that the Hb
      H preparations is a highly unreliable screening test for use in a multi-racial
      population. There was no significant difference in the mean level of Hb A2 in
      alpha-thalassaemia heterozygotes (2.0+/0SD 0.6) compared with that of the control
      group (2.1+/0SD0.5). Comparison of data from patients with alpha- and beta
      thalassaemia traits showed that alpha-thalssaemia trait is the milder disorder,
      in terms of its effects of red-cell morphology, red-cell indices and degree of
      globin chain imbalance. Amongst individual patients with alpha-thalassaemia
      trait, there was no correlation between the alpha/beta specific activity ratio
      and the red-blood-cell(RBC) d the red-blood-cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular
      volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). This suggests that the
      alpha/beta ratio cannot be used to distinguish between carriers of a mild gene
      ('silent carriers') and carriers of a more severe disease. This is the first
      sutdy to characterize alpha-thalassaemia trait in Indians, in whom it appears to
      be a common disorder. Haematologically, alpha-thalassaemia trait in Indians is
      milder than that seen in Chinese and the fact that haemoglobin Bart's hydrops
      fetalis does not occur in Indians makes it likely that the genetics of Indian
      alpha-thalassaemia differ from those of the Chinese disease. A possible genetic
      model for Indian alpha-thalassaemia is discussed and the identification of the
      homozygote is seen as the first step in the determination of the underlying
      molecular defect.

PMID- 974034
TI  - Studies of the proporation and synthesis of haemoblogin C Philadelphia in red
      cells of heterozygotes, a homozygote, and a heterozygote for both haemoglobin G
      and alpha thalassaemia.
AB  - The proportion of Hb G Philadelphia (alpha68-Asn leads to Lys) in heterozygotes
      has been found to have a well-defined bimodal distribution around means of 33%
      and 46% Hb G. microcytosis and hypochromia are consistently associated with the
      latter group, who also have a decreased ratio of alpha/beta-chain synthesis in
      the peripheral blood, but these characters are not linked to the Hb-Galpha gene,
      because a parent with microcytosis and 46% Hb Galpha may have offspring with 33%
      Hb G without significant microcytosis. In one family a subject with Hb G and Hb
      G2 but no Hb A or Hb A2 is presumably a homozygote for alphaG. This subject has
      microcytosis and a decreased ratio of alpha/beta chain synthesis. In another
      family a subject with Hbs H, G and G2 but without Hbs A or A2 is heterozygous for
      both Hb G and alpha thalassaemia I. These findings are compatible with the
      hypothesis that the alphaG mutation occurs on a chromosome with only a single
      alpha-chain locus and that the expression in heterozygotes as 46% or 33% Hb G is
      determined by the homologous chromosome in trans having either one or two normal
      alphaA genes respectively. The significance of this polymorphism for chromosomes
      carrying alpha-chain genes is discussed.

PMID- 974035
TI  - Iron uptake and ferritin synthesis by peripheral blood leucocytes from normal
      subjects and patients with iron deficiency and the anaemia of chronic disease.
AB  - The ferritin content of monocytes, lymphocytes and polymorphs is reduced in
      patients with iron deficiency anaemia. In patients with the anaemia of chronic
      disease a reduced serum iron concentration is associated with an increase in the
      ferritin content of all peripheral blood leucocytes. Iron uptake by all cell
      types is related to transferrin saturation. In iron deficiency anaemia lymphocyte
      iron uptake is greatly increased, possibly relfecting intracellular iron
      depletion. In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and carcinomatosis there
      is no alteration in leucocyte iron uptake or ferritin synthesis.

PMID- 974036
TI  - Chelate mediated transfer of iron from transferrin to desferrioxamine.
AB  - Desferrioxamine, widely used for the treatment of iron overload in Cooley's
      anaemia, binds iron so tightly that it should quantitatively remove iron from
      transferrin. Studies conducted in vivo and in vitro, however, have failed to
      demonstrate significant depletion of transferrin-bound iron by a stoichiometric
      excess of desferrioxamine. However, low molecular weight chelating agents,
      capable of forming ternary complexes with transferrin and ferric iron, can
      promote a rapid transfer of iron from transferrin to desferrioxamine. A possible
      mechanism for this facilitated exchange is offered.

PMID- 974037
TI  - Iron absorption in the rat: the search for possible intestinal mucosal carriers.
AB  - The biological relevance of four iron-containing fractions previously detected in
      rat intestinal mucosal cells has been studied. The distribution of iron in these
      fractions obtained by chromatography on Sepharose 6B has been examined after in
      vivo and in vitro incubation of mucosal cells with 59Ce. In addition, the effects
      of phenobarbitone, cycloheximide, iron-deficiency and iron-loading on the uptake
      and distrubution of iron within the four mucosal cell fractions was studied. The
      iron in fraction I was mostly bound to intracellular membrane particles. Fraction
      II was shown to be ferritin. Fraction III contained some transferrin and also a
      protein of molecular weight similar to transferrin but which was not precipitable
      by antitransferrin antiserum. Quantited with the results of 'chaser' experiments
      suggested that, in addition to ferritin, at least two of the fractions (I and
      III) were involved in the process of iron absorption by the mucosal cell.

PMID- 974038
TI  - Depressed phagocytic function exhibited by polymorphonuclear leucocytes from
      chronically iron deficient rabbits.
AB  - The production of chronic iron deficiency in rabbits was associated with impaired
      phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus by their polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes. These cells had a reduced ability to ingest the bacteria and the rate
      of ingestion could not be stimulated by autologous serum leucophilic gamma
      globulin.

PMID- 974039
TI  - A comparison of platelet size, latelet count, and platelet 35S incorporation as
      assays for thrombopoietin.
AB  - Average platelet size, platelet count, and 35S-incorporation into platelets were
      compared as methods for the measurement of thrombopoietin-stimulated
      thrombopoiesis. In mice injected with rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum (RAMPS)
      average platelet size was shown to be increased as mice were recovering from
      thrombocytopenia. Also, 35S-measurements on platelets of these mice showed
      significant increases in cpm/average platelet 2-4 days after RAMPS treatment.
      Significant increases in 35S-incorporation into the total circulating mass of
      platelets were found on days 3-4. In normal mice or mice in rebound
      thrombocytosis injected with thrombopoietin, platelet size remained unchanged,
      whereas the platelet cound and 35S-incorporation into platelets were shown to be
      significantly increased. Moreover, a dose-response experiment in mice pretreated
      with RAMPS showed a slight increase in platelet count as the dose of TSF was
      increased, but platelet sizes were unaltered. The % 35S-incorporation into
      platelets showed a significant linear dose-response, i.e. as the dose of
      thrombopoietin was increased, as increase in % 35S-incorporation into platelets
      was observed. These data indicated that of the three indirect measurements of
      thrombopoietin, the % 35S-incorporation into mouse platelets was the most
      sensitive, followed by platelet counting; the least sensitive measurement of
      thrombopoiesis was change in platelet size.

PMID- 974040
TI  - Activation of platelets by platelet activating factor (PAF) derived from IgE
      sensitized basophils. IV. PAF does not activate platelet factor 3 (PF3).
AB  - Platelet activating factor (PAF) derived from antigen-stimulated, IgE-sensitized
      rabbit basophils acts on platelets to induce aggregation and secretion of their
      content of granule-bound vasoactive amines. Despite this, PAF did not activate
      platelet factor 3. In contrast, collagen induced aggregation, secretion and PF3
      activation in the washed platelets. Other stimuli (ADP, C3b, thrombin) also
      initiated both secretion and PF3 activation. A wide dose range of PAC, including
      those giving maximal secretion and aggregation, were ineffictive in making PF3
      available and the possibility that PAF inhibited PF3, or its generation, was also
      excluded. It is concluded that PAF is a unique stimulus for platelets and that
      secretion and aggregation are not necessarily accompanied by PF3 generation.

PMID- 974041
TI  - Fragmentation haemolysis in patients with severe diabetic angiopathy.
AB  - Haemolytic anaemia associated with prominent red cell fragmentation is described
      in seven patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus. A common freature in the
      patients was severe microangiopathy as detected by retinal examination and
      microscopic examination of the kidneys. Renal or pancreatic islet malfunction per
      se is not involved in the haemolytic syndrome, since red cell abnormalities
      persisted in one patient for over a year following successful renal and
      pancreatic transplantation--this, despite the maintenance of normal renal and
      carbohydrate homeostasis. The kinetics of fragmentation was sutdied by tranfusing
      snormal type O cells into this type A patient. With reisolation of these cells by
      the Ashby-technique, rapid and porgressive red cell fragmentation was
      demonstrated by: (a) membrane lipid loss; (b) osmotic fragility increase; and (c)
      increase in mean cell haemoblobin concentration. This studies indicate that a red
      cell-fragmentation haemolytic anaemia may occur in long-standing diabetes
      mellitus, related to the angiopathy of this disease and not to insulin deficiency
      or renal malfunction.

PMID- 974042
TI  - Binding of thrombin to human platelets and its possible significance.
AB  - Thrombin binds tightly to human platelets. The binding reaction is dependent on
      the thrombin concentration used. At a physiologically significant thrombin
      concentration, there are about 500 binding sites per platelet with an apparent
      dissociation constant of 0.02 u/ml. Autoradiography studies of platelets treated
      with labelled thrombin showed that the thrombin was located on the platelet
      surface. Separation of the subcellular fractions of platelets treated with
      labelled thrombin by density gradient centrifugation revealed that the membrane
      area contained over 80% of the radioactivity initially applied. Furthermore,
      isolated platelet membranes dind thrombin similar to intact platelets. These data
      suggest that the receptors for thrombin are located on the platelet membrane.
      Cytochalasin A, cytochalasin B or prostoglandin E1 did not have any effect on
      thrombin binding although these agents inhibited platelet aggregation. Thus,
      binding of thrombin is not sufficient for aggregation of platelets and other
      steps are involved. These agents do not affect the induction of stimulation but
      interfere at a later step in the trhombin-platelet interaction. On the other
      hand, hirudin completely inhibited binding of thrombin to platelets. It appears
      that the platelet receptor recognizes that part of the thrombin molecule on its
      surface which hirudin. Binding studies with serotonin loaded platelets showed a
      close correlation between thrombin binding and the release reaction.

PMID- 974043
TI  - Factor VIII and human platelet aggregation. III. Further studies on aggregation
      of humna platelets by neuraminidase-treated human factor VIII.
AB  - When highly purified human factor VIII is submitted to agarose gel chromatography
      in the presence of 0.5 M CaCl2, the procoagulant activity (low molecular weight
      factor VIII, LMW-F VIII) is separated from the void volume protein (Vo-VIII).
      Upon incubation of human factor VIII with purfied neuraminidase, a very stable
      platelet aggregating activity develops in the "Vo-VIII' fraction, not in the "LMS
      FVIII' part. Evidence is provided that the generated aggregating activity is a
      property of the 'carrier protein' for LMW-F VIII. Desialylated factor VIII
      retains its antigenic reactivity, its procoagulant or ristocetin cofactor
      properties and the capacity of its subunits to dissociate and recombine.
      Neuraminidase-treated human factor VIII, in contrast to intact bovine factor VIII
      or intact human factor VIII in the presence of restocetin, does not induce
      aggregation of EDTA-platelet rich plasma, of congenitally afibrinogenaemic
      platelet rich plasma, nor of washed platelets.

PMID- 974044
TI  - Pica: a compulsion caused by iron deficiency.

PMID- 974045
TI  - Plasma prolactin levels during pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma prolactin levels in women who were between 8 and 40 weeks pregnant were
      determined by a homologous double antibody radioimmunoassay method. There were
      980 samples from 839 uncomplicated and 213 samples from 116 complicated
      pregnancies. Prolactin levels in normal pregnancies varied from 6 ng/ml during
      early pregnancy to 210 ng/ml near term. A few values beyond the normal range were
      found in various groups of complicated pregnancies. About 14 per cent of samples
      from patients with threatened abortion and 7 per cent from patients with
      hypertension were above the upper normal range. The proportion of values below
      the 10th centile in patients with a low urinary oestrogen excretion was
      significantly higher than that in the normal population. Plasma prolactin levels
      did not seem to be a valuable guide to maternal or fetal well-being.

PMID- 974046
TI  - Six years' experience of the prediction of severity in rhesus haemolytic disease.
AB  - Prediction charts used in the management of patients suffering from rhesus
      haemolytic disease are presented and the accuracy investigated for two methods of
      amniotic fluid analysis. In 468 samples from 141 patients there were 7-9 per cent
      errors of prediction when both methods were used together but in only four cases
      (2-8 per cent) was the error thought to have possibly contributed to wrong
      management.

PMID- 974047
TI  - The effect of oral ritodrine on maternal and fetal carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - The reported growth-promoting effects of the beta-sympathomimetic compound,
      ritodrine, have been investigated. The carbohydrate tolerance of eight pregnant
      women was found to be unaffected by treatment with oral ritodrine over a ten-week
      period. A further observation that the carbohydrate metabolism of the newborn
      infants of these women was within normal limits tends to discount possibility
      that any growth-promoting action ritodrine may have on the fetus is mediated
      through a diabetogenic effect on the mother.

PMID- 974048
TI  - Further clinical evaluation of the selenomethionine uptake test.
AB  - A review of the selenomethionine uptake ratio as a measure of placental function
      is presented. Attempts at the early identification of the poorly growing fetus
      were unsuccessful, and the previously published close correlation of results with
      clinical findings in later pregnancy has not been confirmed. The theoretical
      basis of the test has been re-examined. Although modification much reduced the
      incidence of technically unsatisfactory readings, other difficulties prevented
      the test from being clinically useful. To some extent the aim of the test has
      been superseded by concurrent developments and advances in care of the premature
      baby.

PMID- 974049
TI  - Measurement of intervillous and myometrial blood flow by an intravenous 133Xe
      method.
AB  - A new 'non-invasive' method for measuring intervillous and myometrial blood flow
      is presented. After 2 mCi of 133Xe in physiological saline was injected
      intravenously the patient held her breath for 20 seconds. The tracer entered the
      placenta as a short bolus and its removal was followed with a scintillation
      detector. Intervillous and myometrial blood flow per unit volume was calculated
      from the two-exponential curve. The mean +/-SD intervillous flow in normal
      pregnancy was 135+/-49 ml/minute/100 ml, the corresponding half time being 0-56+/
      0-16 minutes. The myometrial flow was 7-7+/-2-5 ml/minute/100 g. The method gave
      reproducible results and took only 20 minutes to perform. The dose of radiation
      to the mother was less than 1 mrad.

PMID- 974050
TI  - Buccal prostaglandin E2 for induction of labour.
AB  - The administration of buccal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was evaluated in 30
      patients; effective uterine stimulation occurred in 90 per cent of those
      receiving a dose of 1 mg hourly. Two patients had a prolonged contraction on a
      single occasion during labour. The unpleasant taste of the tablets and a high
      incidence of nausea and vomiting indicated that buccal prostaglandins had no
      advantages over other methods of administering oxytocic agents.

PMID- 974051
TI  - Early postpartum tubal ligation under epidural analgesia.
AB  - Tubal ligation under epidural analgesia in the early puerperium (within 10 hours
      of delivery) was attempted in 51 patients who had an epidural block established
      during labour. The results are described. No major difficulties were encountered.

PMID- 974052
TI  - Altered patterns of thyroid hormones in serum and urine in pregnancy and during
      oral contraceptive therapy.
AB  - Serum total, percentage free fraction and absolute serum free hormone
      concentration of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were measured in control,
      pregnant and oral contraceptive users, together with the daily urinary losses of
      unconjugated thyroid hormones. Increased urinary losses of both hormones, in
      particular thyroxine, were apparent in pregnancy and these could not be explained
      in terms either of an increased filtered load of hormone or the presence of
      proteinuria. The possible existence of filterable small-molecular weight hormone
      binding substances in the urine of pregnant patients is discussed. It is
      concluded that assay of urinary thyroid hormones during pregnancy is of limited
      diagnostic value because of overlap with thyrotoxic values.

PMID- 974053
TI  - The scanning electronmicroscopy of human cervical mucus in the non-pregnant and
      pregnant states.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the high viscosity phase of human cervical mucus was
      studied by scanning electronmicroscopy. In the normal woman, sequential mucus
      samples taken throughout the menstrual cycle showed a honeycomb-like structure
      with interconnecting channels separated by thin membraneous walls. The diameter
      of the channels in the mucus was 2 to 6 mum in the early follicular phase, 30 to
      35 mum in the late follicular phase and 4 to 6 mum in the luteal phase. During
      the first trimester of pregnancy and also at the beginning and end of the
      menstrual cycle a compact, dense form of mucus structure was observed. In women
      using either copper-releasing or pharmacologically inert intrauterine
      contraceptive devices (IUCDs), the basic structure was similar to that seen in
      normal women. The channel diameters were normal in women using the inert IUCD but
      the mucus from women using a copper-releasing IUCD showed a slight decrease in
      the late follicular phase channel diameter which was dependent on the time the
      device had been in place. Globular appendages to the membraneous walls of the
      mucus were observed in the presence of a copper-releasing IUCD.

PMID- 974054
TI  - Factors influencing absorption of subretinal fluid.
AB  - In 200 cases of retinal detachment successfully treated without drainage of
      subretinal fluid complete reattachment of the retina was achieved in the first
      postoperative week in 76 per cent of cases. Delay in subretinal fluid absorption
      in the remaining 24 per cent of cases was directly related to the duration of the
      retinal detachment but was not influenced by the patient's age, refractive error,
      or the characteristics of the detachment.

PMID- 974055
TI  - Trabeculectomy in a Black American glaucoma population.
AB  - Trabeculectomy was performed on 51 Black patients with uncontrolled glaucoma. The
      operation was successful in 80 per cent of cases followed-up for an average of 18
      months. Success seemed to be independent of whether the superficial scleral flap
      was or was not sutured, although subconjunctival drainage, as indicated by the
      appearance of a bleb, seemed to be the predominant mechanism whereby the
      procedure functioned. The success rate in this series is the highest reported for
      glaucoma filtering procedures in Black glaucoma populations. Trabeculectomy may
      now be the operation of choice in uncontrolled glaucoma occurring in Black
      patients.

PMID- 974056
TI  - Abnormal pupillary responses in myasthenia gravis. A pupillographic study.
AB  - Using an open-loop stimulus (Maxwellian view), the direct pupillary response to
      light and its derivative curves (velocity and accleration of pupillary reactions)
      were recorded by infrared video pupillography in seven patients with myasthenia
      gravis and in three normal subjects. Responses before and after intravenous
      injection of 5 mg edrophonium hydrochloride were determined. Five of the patients
      had never taken anticholinesterase drugs except for diagnostic injections of
      edrophonium while the other two patients had been treated with oral preparations
      of corticosteroids. Analyses of the pupillary responses showed reduced amplitude,
      amximal velocity, and maximal acceleration of pupillary constriction in the
      myasthenic patients. On the other hand, changes in parameters of pupillary
      dilatation were minimal. Abnormal values returned towards normal within five
      minutes after edrophonium injection in all patients except in one individual who
      was being treated with corticosteroids at the time of examination. These results
      suggest that involvement of the iris sphincter may be common in patients with
      myasthenia gravis and this can be demonstrated by analysing the pupillary
      reaction and its derivative curves in response to an open-loop stimulus.

PMID- 974057
TI  - Cyst within the parenchyma of the optic chiasm.

PMID- 974058
TI  - Optic nerve metastasis from a mediastinal carcinoid tumour.
AB  - A 25-year-old man with a rapidly progressive metastatic carcinoid tumour arising
      in the mediastinum developed a metastasis to the optic nerve. This is the first
      instance in the literature of an ocular metastasis from this variant of carcinoid
      tumour. The ocular pathology, ultrastructure, and recent information on the
      derivation of this tumour, believed to originate in the thymus, are presented.

PMID- 974059
TI  - Cilia incarnata.
AB  - In connexion with three case reports of cilia incarnata (examples of both cilium
      incarnatum externum and cilium incarnatum internum), the aetiology and the signs
      and symptoms of this infrequently recognized anomaly are described.

PMID- 974060
TI  - The introduction of titanium alloys in ophthalmic microsurgical instruments.

PMID- 974061
TI  - A suction instrument for microsurgery.

PMID- 974062
TI  - Corneal and skin changes in tyrosinaemia.

PMID- 974063
TI  - Recovery of operator DNA binding activity from denatured lactose repressor.
AB  - Lactose repressor monomer subunits, prepared with sodium dodecyl sulfate, have
      been renatured-reassociated to yield tetrameric repressors active in binding to
      operator DNA. The majority of moleculesin renatured repressor populations have
      operator binding properties indistinguishable from the stock, undenatured
      repressors from which they were prepared. Renaturation of a mixture of monomers
      from wild-type (Q) and a tight binding repressor yields a population of active
      repressors containing molecules with operator binding characteristics
      intermediate to those of the "parental" repressor types.

PMID- 974064
TI  - Site of action of ricin on the ribosome.
AB  - The extent of the inhibitory effect of ricin in polyphenylalanine synthesis by
      eukaryotic ribosomes is strongly dependent upon the concentration of ribosomes
      and the elongation factors EF 1 and EF2. Maximal inhibition by ricin, in this
      assay is observed when either ribosomes or the two elongation factors are added
      under limiting conditions, whereas ricin-treated ribosomes support protein
      synthesis at saturating concentrations of elongation factors and ribosomes.
      Similarly, the enzymatic binding of Phe-tRNA to ribosomes is drastically blocked
      in ricin-treated ribosomes when low EF 1 concentrations are added to the reaction
      mixture, but there is no inhibition when EF 1 is at saturating concentrations.
      Furthermore, formation of the complex EF 2-guanosine triphosphate-ribosome, using
      free ribosomes pretreated with ricin, is strongly inhibited at limiting
      concentrations of EF2, but is not affected at saturating concentrations of this
      factor. However, ricin does not inhibit the EF 2-dependent translocation of
      peptidyl-tRNA by polysomes, although the toxin is very active in preventing amino
      acid incorporation by polysomes. Our results suggest that the damaging effect of
      ricin on the ribosome causes a decreased affinity for both elongation factors EF
      1 and EF 2. Thus, the toxin inhibits the enzymatic binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to
      ribosomes. The lack of inhibition of translocation by ricin suggests that the
      toxin cannot interact with ribosomes with substrate bound to the acceptor site.
      Essentially similar results are observed with ricin, abrin, ricin A chain, abrin
      A chain, and ricinus agglutinin A chain. A possible effect of the toxins on
      initiation and/or termination is further discussed.

PMID- 974065
TI  - Polyribonucleotides containing thiopurines: synthesis and properties of poly (6
      thioguanylic acid).
AB  - The synthesis of poly(2-amino-6-chloropurinylic acid) [poly(n2cl6Pu)] by the
      polynucleotide phosphorylase catalyzed polymerization of 2-amino-6-chloro-9-(beta
      D-ribofuranosyl)purine 5'-diphosphate and its chemical conversion to poly(6
      thioguanylic acid) [poly(s6G)] is described. Poly(s6G) was found to form a
      relatively unstable complex with poly(C), the properties of which were
      incompatible with those previously reported for the same complex prepared by
      another method [Darlix, J.L., Fromageot, P., and Reich, E. (1973), Biochemistry
      12, 914]. It was found that poly(s6G) could be thermally converted to a copolymer
      of which with poly(C) was strikingly similar to that reported earlier for
      poly(s6G)-poly(C).

PMID- 974066
TI  - Temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase induced by a bacteriophage T5 mutant:
      relationship between polymerase and exonuclease activities.
AB  - DNA polymerase induced by bacteriophage T5ts53, a mutant with temperature
      sensitive polymerase, was purified to about 95% purity as judged by dodecyl
      sulfate gel electrophoresis. The 3' leads to 5' exonuclease associated with the
      polymerase had higher activity than that associated with the parent wild-type
      enzyme. It was more stable to heat than the polymerase, and it degraded primer
      template even in the presence of 4 dNTP's at higher temperature. However, the
      evidence presented shows that the inhibition of DNA synthesis by higher
      temperature was primarily due to defects in polymerase function rather than to
      overactive exonuclease. The presence of primer-template DNA stabilized the
      polymerase to heat. Purified ts53 polymerase was also shown to discriminate
      against incorportion of BrdUMP, especially at higher temperature. This is an
      agreement with observations made in vivo with ts53-infected bacteria.

PMID- 974067
TI  - The folding and quaternary structure of trimeric 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic
      aldolase at 3.5-A resolution.
AB  - An X-ray crystallographic structure determination has been carried out on 2-keto
      3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic (KDPG) aldolase at 3.5-A resolution using the multiple
      isomorphous replacement method with three heavy atom derivatives along with
      anomalous dispersion contributions from two of the derivatives. Crystals grown
      from ammonium sulfate-phosphate buffered (pH 3.5) solutions were: cubic, a=
      103.40 (4) A, space group P213. KDPG aldolase consists of trimeric heterologous
      assemblages utilizing crystallographic threefold symmetry. The overall profile of
      the oligomeric structure viewed down the threefold axis resembles that of a ship
      propeller while the subunits are approximate irregular oblate ellipsoids (25 X 45
      X 45 A). The folding of most of the polypeptide chain was traced unambiguously.
      Secondary structural features consist of nine helical regions (75 residues, 35%)
      and a pair of two parallel chains. The subunit contains a long empty channel
      which is about 9 X 9 X 30 A with one of the pair of parallel chains forming part
      of the wall. Three mercury binding sites are located in this channel. These might
      correspond to the two readily accessible and one of the two buried cysteine
      residues of each subunit. The channel terminates with another cavity of about 8 X
      10 X 25 A near the surface of the oligomeric structure. The regions of the
      subunits near the threefold axis are characterized by a high degree of secondary
      structural organization and these make close intersubunit contacts. Quarternary
      interactions are due mainly to side-chain interactions of helices.

PMID- 974068
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of the myoglobin from the Atlantic bottlenosed
      dolphin, Tursiops truncatus.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from the
      Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was determined by specific
      cleavage of the protein to obtain large peptides that are readily degraded by the
      automatic sequencer. Three easily separable peptides were obtained by cleaving
      the protein with cyanogen bromide at the 2 methionine residues and 4 peptides
      were obtained by cleaving the methyl acetimidated protein with trypsin at the 3
      arginine residues. By subjecting 4 of these peptides and the apomyoglobin to
      automatic Edman degradation, over 80% of the covalent structure of the protein
      was obtained. The remainder of the primary structure was determined by further
      digestion of the central cyanogen bromide peptide with trypsin and staphylococcal
      protease. This myoglobin differs from that of the sperm whale, Physter catodon,
      at 15 positions, from that of the California gray whale, Eschrichtius gibbosus,
      at 14 positions, from that of the common porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, at 6
      positions, and from the myoglobin of the Black Sea dolphin, Delphinus delphis and
      the Amazon River dolphin, Inia goeffrensis, at 5 and 7 positions, respecitvely.
      All substitutions observed in this sequence fit easily into the tertiary
      structure of sperm whale myoglobin.

PMID- 974069
TI  - Circular dichroism studies on glycogen phosphorylase from rabbit muscle.
      Interaction with the allosteric activator adenosine 5'-monophosphate.
AB  - Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of glycogen phosphorylase from rabbit muscle have
      been measured in the presence of various ligands, particularly in the near
      ultraviolet wavelength region. Phosphorylases a and b gave similar positive CD
      spectra as each other, in the 250-310-nm region. The differences in CD between
      the a and b forms, as well as the CD changes induced by binding of substrate and
      other ligands except nucleotides to the enzyme, are all relatively small. Binding
      of AMP and other nucleotides to phosphorylases a and b, and NaBH4-reduced
      phosphorylase b, however, induces much larger CD spectral changes than the above.
      The difference CD curve obtained by subtracting the phosphorylase b curve from
      that of the enzyme- AMP complex is smooth, with a positive maximum at 266 nm and
      a negative at 289 nm. The results with various other nucleotides show that the
      induced Cotton effects are dependent on the base chromophore of the nucleotides.
      The rotational strength of the induced Cotton effect in phosphorylase b by AMP
      increases under various conditions, under which the affinity of the enzyme for
      AMP is enhanced, e.g., the addition of glucose 1-phosphate, inorganic phosphate,
      fluoride ion, divalent metal cations, and spermine, low temperatures, and
      conversion of the enzyme to the a form. On the contrary, these factors little
      affect the induced Cotton effects by IMP, GMP, and dAMP. Amylodextrin gave no
      effect on the extrinsic Cotton effect by binding of AMP plus Mn2+ to
      phosphorylase b, while it did retard the AMP-induced tetramerization of the
      enzyme. It is suggested that the interaction of nucleotides with phosphorylase
      involves stacking between the base ring of the bound nucleotides and an aromatic
      amino acid residue at the allosteric site of the enzyme, and that, in the high
      affinity form of the enzyme for AMP, particular bondings are newly formed between
      the enzyme and the nucleotide allowing the heterotropic cooperativity.

PMID- 974070
TI  - Site of action and biphasic effect of neutral salts in the phosphorylase kinase
      reaction.
AB  - The inhibition of phosphorylase kinase catalytic activity by 0.1 M neutral salts
      was predicted by the Hofmeister series of anions. The site of action of the salts
      was determined by the following evidence to be on the phosphorylase kinase
      molecule directly, rather than on its protein substrate. (1) Nonactivated kinase
      was more sensitive to salt inhibition than the activated form. (2) Ca2+ partially
      overcame the inhibition of nonactivated kinase. (3) Inhibition by Cl- occurred
      with either phosphorylase or a tetradecapeptide containing the convertible seryl
      residue as substrate. (4) Phosphorylation of nonactivated phosphorylase kinase by
      protein kinase was markedly inhibited by NaNO3, but this salt had little effect
      on the phosphorylation of histone by protein kinase. The influence of neutral
      salts on phosphorylase kinase activity was biphasic. Although activity was
      inhibited at low salt concentrations, it actually was stimulated as the salt
      concentration was increased. A similar biphasic response to various salt
      concentrations was observed in the velocities of autophosphorylation of
      phosphorylase kinase. The lag in the rate of product formation seen during the
      activity assay was less pronounced at inhibitory salt concentrations and was
      abolished at stimulatory salt concentrations. How the influence of salts relates
      to autophosphorylation and the lag is considered.

PMID- 974071
TI  - A detailed structural comparison between the charge relay system in
      chymotrypsinogen and in alpha-chymotrypsin.
AB  - An improved 2.5-A electron density map of chymotrypsinogen was calculated by
      incorporating heavy-atom anomalous scattering effects and a new model of the
      molecule was constructed. Phases from x-ray structure factors (R = 0.43) computed
      from this model were then used in the calculation of another electron density map
      against which the model was further refined. The catalytic Ser-195 side chain in
      the new model is in the "down" or "acyl" orientation and its Ogamma atom is in
      position to form a normal hydrogen bond with Nepsilon2 of His-57. In contrast,
      the corresponding hydrogen bond in alpha-chymotrypsin (Birktoft, J.J., and Blow,
      D.M. (1972), J.Mol. Biol. 68, 187) is severely distorted, probably as a
      consequence of a 1.5-A shift in the relative positions of the two cylindrical
      folding domains composing most of the molecule. We suggest that this activiation
      induced distortion of the charge-relay, hydrogen-bonding system plays an
      important role in the genesis of enzymic activity, in accord with an earlier
      proposal by Wang concerning the role of bent hydrogen bonds in enzyme catalysis
      (Wang, J.J. (1970), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 66, 874).

PMID- 974072
TI  - Microtubule-associated proteins and the stimulation of tubulin assembly in vitro.
AB  - Microtubules, purified by cycles of assembly and disassembly in vitro, are
      composed of tubulin and several microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). When the
      MAPs were separated from the tubulin by phosphocellulose chromatography, the
      tubulin by phosphocellulose chromatography, the tubulin no longer assembled at 37
      degrees C as measured by turbidity. If the MAPs and tubulin were recombined and
      warmed to 37 degrees C, microtubules assembled. MAPs stimulated tubulin assembly
      by affecting both the initiation and elongation processes. The effect on
      initiation was indicated by results showing an increase in initial rate and a
      decrease in average microtubule length as the MAP:tubulin ratio was increased.
      The initiation and elongation activities of the MAPs at 4 degrees C during which
      time the initiating activity decreased while the ability to affect the total
      amount of assembly remained constant. The decrease in initiating ability was
      correlated with the loss of the two major components of the MAP fraction, MAPs 1
      and 2.

PMID- 974073
TI  - Fluorescence depolarization studies of phase transitions and fluidity in
      phospholipid bilayers. 1. Single component phosphatidylcholine liposomes.
AB  - The fluorescence depolarization associated with the hydrophobic fluorescent probe
      1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene is used to monitor the changes in fluidity
      accompanying the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition in synthetic
      phosphatidycholine dispersions. The parameters of the phase transition are
      determined for both large, multilamellar liposomes and small, single-lamellar
      vesicles. These parameters are compared with those obtained using other
      techniques. In addition, the data are interpreted in terms of two limiting
      molecular models, which in turn offer insight into the structural differences
      between multilammelar liposomes and small vesicles.

PMID- 974074
TI  - Fluorescence depolarization studies of phase transitions and fluidity in
      phospholipid bilayers. 2 Two-component phosphatidylcholine liposomes.
AB  - The fluorescence deplorarization associated with the hydrophobic fluorescent
      probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene is used to monitor changes in fluidity
      accompanying the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition in phosphatidylcholine
      dispersions. In this way, the parameters of the phase transition are determined
      for both large, multilamellar liposomes and small, single-lamellar vesicles
      composed of three mixtures of phosphatidycholines: dimyristoyl-dipalmitoyl,
      dimyristoyl-distearoyl, and dioleyl-dipalmitoyl. Phase diagrams for these mixed
      lipid vesicles are constructed by plotting the delimiting temperatures of the
      phase transition vs. the lipid compostion of the vesicle. The phase diagrams are
      interpreted to suggest that the miscibilities of the lipids studied are markedly
      different in small, single-lamellar vesicles and large multilamellar liposomes.
      These results are discussed in terms of the effects of high curvature on the
      structure of biological membranes.

PMID- 974075
TI  - HeLa cell DNA polymerase gamma: further purification and properties of the
      enzyme.
AB  - DNA polymerase gamma has been purified over 60 000-fold from HeLa cells which
      contain no detectable type C viral particles. This purified enzyme shows a
      specific activity of 25 000 units/mg of protein which is comparable to the known
      specific activity of homogeneous preparations of human alpha and beta
      polymerases. The isolated enzyme shows apparent molecular weights ranging from
      160 000 to 330 000 according to the method of analysis. The enzyme exhibits
      optimal activity for copying poly(A) in the presence of 50 mM KPO4 and 130 mM KCl
      and, under these conditions, copies poly(A) 20 times more rapidly than activated
      DNA. These assay conditions permit a clear distinction between the gamma
      polymerase and DNA polymerase beta which is markedly inhibited by phosphate at
      this concentration. A comparison of the copying of activated DNA, poly(dA) and
      poly(A) by DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma under optimal assay conditions
      for each enzyme is presented. Studies with synthetic and natural nucleic acid
      templates also show the gamma-polymerase to behave differently that the reverse
      transcriptases of avian myeloblastosis virus or Rauscher leukemia virus.

PMID- 974076
TI  - The distirubtion of active genes (globin) and inactive genes (keratin) in
      fractionated chicken erythroid chromatin.
AB  - Repeatable fractionation of sheared chromatin from purified populations of
      chicken erythroid cells has been achieved, based on the Bio-Gel procedure of
      Janowski et al. ((1972) Karolinska Symp. 5, 112). For reticulocytes, 3-5% of
      chromatin DNA is excluded from Bio-Gel A-50 m (peak I) and over 90% elutes in the
      included volume of the column(peak II). Peak I material has a higher protein/DNA
      ratio than peak II chromatin and the two fractions have melting profiles
      characteristic of "active" and "inactive" chromatin, respectively. In cells
      prelabeled with [3H]uridine or [3H]leucine there was very pronounced preferential
      association of radioactivity with the "active" peak I chromatin. The distribution
      of "active" (globin) and "inactive" (keratin) gene sequences in the DNA of
      fractions from peak I and peak II chromatin was determined with complimentary DNA
      (cDNA) probes to chicken globin mRNA and chicken feather keratin mRNA. While
      slight enrichment for globin gene sequences was found in peak I (relative to DNA
      in these fractions), some 80% of the total globin hybrid formed was found in peak
      II fractions. Experiments with the keratin cDNA probe showed that these genes
      were equally distributed in both chromatin fractions rather than being confined
      to the "inactive" peak II material. The hybridization data in particular question
      the validity of claims for fractionation of chromatin into "active" and
      "inactive" material.

PMID- 974077
TI  - Nature of the Thermal pretransition of synthetic phospholipids: dimyristolyl- and
      dipalmitoyllecithin.
AB  - The hydrated synthetic lecithins, dimyristoyl and dipalmitoyllecithins, undergo
      two thermal transitions, a broad low enthalpy "pretransition" prior to the sharp
      first-order "chain-melting" transition. Both phospholipids exhibit the same
      temperature-dependent structural changes associated with the thermal
      pretransition. At low temperatures, below the pretransition, a one-dimensional
      lamellar lattice is observed. The hydrocarbon chains are fully extended and
      tilted with respect to the plane of the lipid bilayer. The hydrocarbon chain
      packing displays a temperature dependence and the angle of tilt of the
      hydrocarbon chains decreases with increasing temperature, reaching a minimum
      value of 30 degrees at the pretransition temperature of both lecithins. The
      pretransition is associated with a structural transformation from a one
      dimensional lamellar to a two-dimensional monoclinic lattice consisting of lipid
      lamellae distorted by a periodic ripple. The hydrocarbon chains remain tilted in
      the temperature range intermediate between the pretransition and chain-melting
      transition. The cell parameters of this two-dimensional lattice exhibit a
      compositional dependence. The a parameter (proportional to the lamellar repeat
      distance) increases with increasing water content, while the b parameter (a
      measure of the ripple periodicity) decreases with increasing water content. At
      the chain-melting transition, the hydrocarbon chains of the phospholipid melt and
      assume a liquid-like conformation and the lattice reverts to one-dimensional
      lamellar. These structural changes observed for dimyristoyl- and
      dipalmitoyllecithins may be a common feature of all synthetic lecithins
      exhibiting a thermal pretransition. The appearance of the pretransition and
      accompanying two-dimensional may arise from specific interactions between the
      choline moiety of the polar head group and the structured water matrix
      surrounding it.

PMID- 974078
TI  - Elucidation of lectin receptors by quantitative inhibition of lectin binding to
      human erythrocytes and lymphocytes.
AB  - The binding to normal and sialidase-treated human erythrocytes and lymphocytes of
      four 125I-labeled lectins [Maackia amurensis hemagglutinins (MAM and MAH),
      Ricinus communis hemagglutinin (RCH), and Bauhinia purpurea hemagglutinin (BPH)]
      was studied in detail. The quantitative inhibition assays against the lectin
      binding to the cells were also performed with various glyco-proteins and
      glycopeptides as inhibitors. The comparison of the inhibition constants of the
      inhibitors thus obtained with the association constants of the lectins to the
      cells permitted estimation of the relative receptor activities of cell surface
      glyco-proteins toward the lectins.

PMID- 974079
TI  - Visual-pigment spectra: implications of the protonation of the retinal Schiff
      base.
AB  - Various models of visual-pigment spectra are critically discussed in terms of the
      spectral properties of protonated Schiff bases and the common structural features
      of most proteins. The opsin apoprotein is capable of regulating visual pigment
      wavelengths in ways that are difficult or impossible to reproduce in model
      systems. Theories based on solvent effects of the spectra of protonated Schiff
      bases may be misleading. Careful parameterization using known polyene spectra
      allows accurate calculation of the spectral properties of protonated Schiff
      bases. It is shown that an isolated protonated Schiff base of retinal should
      absorb near 600 nm and that blue-shifted spectra seen in solution arise from
      associated counterions or solvent molecules. We conclude that the most plausible
      specific model of chromophore-protein interactions is one in which the protonated
      Schiff base is closely associated with its counterion and where additional
      negatively charged or polar groups are positioned by the protein in the vicinity
      of the ring half of the chromophore. Pigment absorption maxima, bandwidths, and
      the A2-A1 pigment absorption differences arise naturally from these simple models
      of pigment spectra.

PMID- 974080
TI  - Hummel-Dreyer gel chromatographic procedure as applied to ligand-mediated
      association.
AB  - A mass transport theory of the gel chromatographic procedure of Hummel and Dreyer
      for measuring the binding of small ligand molecules to macromolecules has been
      formulated for ligand-mediated macromolecular association. It is concluded that
      the Hummel-Dreyer procedure is the method of choice for quantitating ligand
      binding in such systems. Guidelines are drawn for unambiguous interpretation of
      the nonclasical elution profiles in terms of the number of binding sites on the
      macromonomer and their intrinsic binding constant. Most of these guidelines also
      apply to static equilibrium methods such as equilibrium dialysis.

PMID- 974081
TI  - Poly(uridylic acid) sequences in messenger ribonucleic acid of HeLa cells.
AB  - The poly(uridylic acid [poly(U)] sequences of 30 to 40 nucleotides found in the
      heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid (RNA) Of HeLa cells are also present in
      the poly(adenylic acid) [poly(A)] containing messenger RNA (mRNA) of these cells.
      Twenty-five percent of the total poly(U) sequences in the cell are found in the
      cytoplasm after HeLa cells have been labeled for 2.5 h with 32P. This value is
      close to 40% if only poly(A) containing RNA molecules of the cell are considered.
      The distribution of poly(U) sequences parallels that of poly(A) sequences in
      different size classes of cytoplasmic messenger RNA. From the concentrations and
      lengths of the two sequences it can be estimated that about 20% of the poly(A)
      containing mRNA molecules could contain one poly(U) sequence. Several lines of
      evidence have been developed to rule out poly(U) containing heterogeneous nuclear
      RNA (HnRNA) as the source of the poly(U) sequences in cytoplasm. Poly(U)
      sequences are also found in RNA molecules of the nucleus and cytoplasm which do
      not contain poly(A). Although poly(U) sequences are most abundant in nuclear RNA
      species lacking poly(A), they are well represented in a class of RNA molecules in
      cytoplasm which lack poly(A), but which otherwise resemble the polysomal mRNA of
      HeLa cells.

PMID- 974082
TI  - Chromatographic and functional comparison of human placenta and HeLa cell
      tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acids.
AB  - Chromatographic and functional properties of tyrosine isoaccepting transfer
      ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) from placenta and HeLa cells were analyzed and
      compared. RPC-5 chromatography separated four major isoacceptors from each
      source, with those from HeLa cells eluting generally later than those from
      placenta. There was some overlap: HeLa tRNA1Tyr eluted in a position between
      placenta tRNA3Tyr and tRNA4Tyr; and HeLa tRNA2Tyr and placenta tRNA4Tyr eluted in
      similar positions with the HeLa isoacceptor eluting slightly later than the
      placental isoacceptor. Thus there are no isoacceptors common to both sources. The
      function of the individual isoacceptors was compared in a rabbit-reticulocyte,
      cell-free, protein-synthesizing system for both the rate of incorporation of
      tyrosine into the polypeptide chain and the site of incorporation in alpha
      globin. Two isoacceptors were compared simultaneously in the same reaction, and
      overlapping comparisons were made to relate each isoacceptor to all the others.
      There were no significant differences in the rates of incorporation among the
      isoacceptors, nor were there any differences in the sites of incorporation. All
      eight isoacceptors donated tyrosine equally well into the three tyrosine
      containing tryptic peptides of alpha-globin. Whatever the structural differences
      among the tyrosine isoacceptors are, they do not affect the function of the tRNA
      in this protein-synthesizing system.

PMID- 974083
TI  - Structural difference between alpha-paramyosin and beta-paramyosin of Mercenaria
      mercenaria.
AB  - A method is described for extraction of alpha-paramyosin in amounts comparable to
      that formerly attained for beta-paramyosin (15-25 mg/g of muscle). A modification
      of the procedure for sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis is described that
      permits the separation on coelectrophoresis of alpha-paramyosin (207 000 daltons)
      and beta-paramyosin (200 000 daltons). The alpha- and beta-paramyosins also can
      be distinguished by gel electrophoresis at pH 2.3 and by differences in
      solubility in the region of 0.2-0.4 ionic strength at neutral pH. Evidence is
      presented that the segment lost from alpha-paramyosin during degradation to beta
      paramyosin came from the C-terminal end. This evidence is based on determinations
      of N- and C-terminal amino acids and on the size of segments obtained after
      chemical cleavage at the sites of Cys residues. It has been observed earlier that
      the solubility characteristics of beta-paramyosin at neutral pH are determined by
      the C-terminal one-third of the molecule and the present results indicate that
      the additional small segment of about 3.5% of the total mass that is present in
      the C-terminal end of alpha-paramyosin accounts for the marked difference in
      solubility of the two forms.

PMID- 974084
TI  - beta Structure of aqueous staphylococcal enterotoxin B by spectropolarimetry and
      sequence-based conformational predictions.
AB  - Conformations of the globular protein staphylococcal enterotoxin B have been
      examined experimentally by ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) and visible
      optical rotatory dispersion (ORD). Chen-Yang-Chau analysis (Chen, Y.-H., Yang,
      J.T., and Chau, K. H. (1974), Biochemistry 13, 3350) of the far-ultraviolet CD
      spectrum of native enterotoxin B revealed (assuming an average helix length of 11
      residues) 9% alpha helix, 38% beta structure, and 53% random coil. A fourfold
      increase in alpha-helix was observed for enterotoxin exposed to 0.2% sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, behavior typical for globular proteins of low helical content.
      Values of -40 to -50 for the Moffitt-Yang parameter b0 calculated from visible
      ORD suggested 6-13% alpha helix in native enterotoxin. Application of a new
      predictive model (Chou, P. Y., and Fasman, G. D. (1974), Biochemistry 13,222) to
      the amino acid sequence of enterotoxin B indicated 11% alpha helix, 34% beta
      structure, and 55% coil in native enterotoxin. The excellent agreement for the
      amount of alpha and beta conformation utilizing different optical and predictive
      methods indicates beta structure as the dominant secondary structure in native
      enterotoxin B. Most of the beta structure is predicted by Chou-Fasman analysis to
      reside in two large regions of antiparallel beta sheet involving residues 81-148
      and residues 184-217. Such highly cooperative regions of anti-parallel beta sheet
      account for the slow unfolding of enterotoxin B in concentrated guanidine
      hydrochloride and rapid folding of guanidine hydrochloride denatured enterotoxin
      B to native conformation(s) (Warren, J.R., Spero, L., and Metzger, J. F. (1974),
      Biochemistry 13, 1678). A more than twofold increase in alpha-helix content with
      a small diminution in beta structure was detected by CD and ORD upon
      acidification of aqueous enterotoxin to pH 2.5. Thus, the beta structure of
      enterotoxin B appears to resist isothermal denaturation and constitutes a stable
      interior core of structure in the enterotoxin molecule.

PMID- 974085
TI  - Inactivation of pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes by mono- and
      polyhaloalanines.
AB  - beta,beta-Dichloro- and beta,beta,beta-trifluoroalanine irreversibly inactivate a
      number of pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes which catalyze beta- or gamma
      elimination reactions. The inactivation is time dependent and the rate of
      inactivation is first order in enzyme concentration. This suggests that
      inactivation is due to covalent modification of the enzyme by a species generated
      at the active site from the polyhaloalanine (i.e., suicide inactivation).
      Monohaloalanines are substrates and do not inactivate. For gamma-cystathionase,
      covalent and stoichiometric attachment of [1-14C]beta,beta,beta-trifluoroalanine
      was shown. It is proposed that the mechanism of inactivation involves Schiff base
      formation between inactivator and enzyme-bound pyridoxal and subsequent
      elimination of HC1 from dichloroalanine or HF from trifluoroalanine. This results
      in the formation of a beta-halo-alpha,beta unsaturated imine, an activated
      Michael acceptor. Michael addition of a nucleophile at the active site leads to
      covalent labeling of the enzyme and inactivation. Alanine racemase is also
      inactivated by the two polyhaloalanines. Glutamate-pyruvate and gultamate
      oxaloacetate transaminase are inactivated by monohaloalanines but not by
      polyhaloalanines.

PMID- 974086
TI  - Binding of adenosine 5'-diphosphate to creatine kinase. An investigation using
      intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect measurements.
AB  - Measurements of the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), which is a nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) double resonance technique, for the H-2 proton on ADP have been
      used to identify the amino acid residue binding ADP at the active site of
      creatine kinase. Application of a strong radio-frequency field H2 at a frequency
      of 0.9 ppm or 1.7 ppm downfield from the proton resonance of 2,2-dimethyl-2
      silapentane-5-sulfonate results in a negative NOE for the H2-2 proton resonance
      of ADP in its complex with creatine kinase. The magnitude of the NOE for the ADPH
      2 proton depends on the ratio of ADP to creatine kinase binding site
      concentration; the dependence indicates that there is rapid exchange between free
      and bound ADP. Comparable values of the NOE for the H-2 proton of adenosine 5'
      mono-, 5'-di-, and 5'-triphosphate and inosine 5'-diphosphate in binary complexes
      with creatine kinase show that the binding site for these nucleotides is the
      same. The large negative NOE for the H-2 proton of ADP is maintained for the
      various binary, ternary, quaternary, and pentenary complexes of creatine kinase
      with ADP formed by addition of the activator Mg(II), the other substrate
      creatine, and the planar anion nitrate which is an inhibitor. These results
      indicate that the conformational changes known to occur upon addition of the
      other ligands do not involve the entire active site. In particular, the
      environment around the nucleotide is unperturbed. Inactivation of creatine kinase
      by reaction with iodoacetamide causes considerable conformational changes.
      However, as indicated by the large negative NOE for the H-2 proton of ADP in a
      binary complex with the inactivated enzyme, the environment around the base is
      altered minimally. Experiments were performed to identify the proton groups on
      the enzyme, resonating at 0.9 and 1.7 ppm, which interact with the ADPH-2 proton.
      An NOE was not observed when the aromatic protons of the enzyme were irradiated
      with the strong radiofrequency field H2 implying that aromatic protons are not
      near the H-2 proton of ADP in the enzyme complex. The H-2 proton of 1-N6
      ethenoadenosine 5'-diphosphate, an analogue of ADP with the 1-nitrogen and 6
      nitrogen blocked from potentially hydrogen bonding, still exhibits a large NOE in
      the nucleotide-enzyme complex. The indication is that the protons promoting the H
      2 proton NOE are not on an amino acid residue which binds ADP by hydrogen
      binding. Creatine kinase was inactivated by reacting the single essential arginyl
      residue per subunit with diacetyl. No NOE for the H-2 proton of ADP in the
      presence of the inactivated enzyme was observed. Observation of the H-2 proton
      resonance of the inhibitor adenosine in the presence of the enzyme revealed no
      NOE in contrast to the observations with the adenine nucleotides.

PMID- 974087
TI  - Active-site-directed inactivation of aromatase from human placental microsomes by
      brominated androgen derivatives.
AB  - Several brominated androgen derivatives were tested for their ability to
      inactivate microsomal aromatase from term human placenta. In the experimental
      protocol, the microsomal homogenate was incubated either with androstenedione or
      a brominated derivative of androstenedione (16alpha-bromo-6-ketoandrostenedione,
      16alpha-bromoandrostenedione, 7alpha-(3'-bromoacetoxypropyl)androstenedione,
      6alpha-bromoandrostenedione, or 6beta-bromoandrostenedione) and reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in a nitrogen saturated buffer
      composed of glycerol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and dithiothreitol in
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (pH 7.4) under nitrogen at 4
      degrees C with shaking. After the incubation period, the microsomes were
      recovered by centrifugation and washed once before determining aromatase specific
      activity. The brominated androgen derivatives which inactivated aromatase were
      7alpha-(3'-bromoacetoxypropyl)androstenedione and 6alpha-bromoandrostenedione.
      The structures of 6alpha- and 6beta-bromoandrostenedione were unequivocally
      established by single crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. The extent of the
      enzyme inactivation by 6alpha-bromoandrostenedione was linearly proportional to
      the logarithm of its concentration. The evidence that this inactivation occurs at
      the aromatase active site is that androstenedione, when coincubated with 6alpha
      bromoandrostenedione, protected aromatase from this inactivation. Progesterone
      provided much less protection than androstenedione. Furthermore, both 6alpha- and
      6beta-bromoandrostenedione are competitive inhibitors of androstenedione
      aromatization, as determined by a Lineweaver-Burk plot, and 6alpha
      bromoandrostenedione gives the same type I cytochrome P-450 binding spectrum with
      placental microsomes as androstenedione. These data suggest that 6alpha
      bromandrostenedione is effective as an active-site-directed inhibitor of
      placental microsomal aromatase.

PMID- 974088
TI  - Cholesterol exchange between fat cells, chylomicrons and plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - Isolated rat adipocytes were incubated with serum lipoproteins or
      lymphchylomicrons which contained 14c-labeled cholesterol. The specific activity
      of lipoprotein free cholesterol decreased and that of cellular free cholesterol
      increased linearly up to 7 h. At this time the cell cholesterol specific activity
      was only 11% of that of medium cholesterol indicating that the rate of exchange
      was slow. The specific activity of lipoprotein esterified cholesterol remained
      unchanged while that of cells showed a slight increase suggesting esterification
      of incorporated free cholesterol. No detectable change of the lipoprotein or
      cellular cholesterol concentration occurred indicating that the uptake of
      radioactive free cholesterol was due to exchange without net movement of sterol. 
      The radioactive cholesterol was incorporated into both membrane fraction and the
      fat droplet of the adipocytes. The rate of cholesterol exchange was temperature
      dependent but it was not influenced by the metabolic state of the cells and not
      by addition of metabolic inhibitors. Trypsin or pronase treatment of the cells
      were without influence on the rate of the exchange and denaturation of the plasma
      lipoproteins with formalin increased the rate of exchange. These results indicate
      that the exchange of cholesterol is a physical chemical process, which is not
      linked to energy metabolism of the cells, and which is not mediated by either
      specific lipoprotein receptors on fat cell membranes or pinocytic uptake of
      lipoproteins. The rate of free cholesterol exchange showed a linear correlation
      with the concentration of lipoprotein particles in the medium. The relative
      transfer rate was highest for chylomicrons and decreased in order chylomicron
      remnants greater than very low density lipoprotein greater than low density
      lipoprotein greater than high density lipoprotein. A saturation of the system
      could be obtained only with high density lipoprotein.

PMID- 974089
TI  - A new rat liver phospholipid exchange protein.
AB  - The soluble fraction from several mammalian tissue homogenates is known to
      stimulate phospholipid exchange between cell membrane fractions or artificial
      vesicles. All phospholipid exchange proteins purified to data exhibit an acidic
      isoelectric point. Using an assay that measures the transfer of [32P]
      phosphatidylcholine from liposomes to beef heart mitochondria, we report the
      presence of a new phospholipid exchange protein with a basic isoelectric point
      (8.4) in rat liver cytosol.  A purification procedure, consisting of pH
      adjustment to 5.1, gel filtrations on Sephadex G 75 and DE 52 cellulose,
      isoelectric focusing between a pH of 5 and 10, and gel filtration on Sephadex G
      50, yielded a fraction with high phosphatidylcholine exchange activity per mg of
      protein. This fraction exhibits a major band and two minor bands on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.  The molecular weight of the
      major band (18 700) is close to that for basic exchange protein fraction obtained
      by gel filtration (17 000). The distribution of basic and acidic exchange
      proteins differs markedly in various tissues and animal species.  About 50 and
      35% of phosphatidylcholine exchange activity from rat liver and rat intestine
      respectively are due to basic phospholipid exchange proteins. In contrast, no
      basic exchange protein was found in beef heart and only a small amount in beef
      liver. In the latter organ, less than 10% of phosphatidylcholine exchange
      activity was due to a basic phospholipid exchange protein fraction.

PMID- 974090
TI  - Evidence for carrier proteins in bile acid synthesis. The effect of squalene and
      sterol carrier protein and albumin on the activity of 12alpha-hydroxylase.
AB  - The possibility that carrier proteins are involved in bile acid synthesis was
      investigated using rat liver homogenates. The 105 000 X g supernatant fraction
      was found to contain heat stable proteins that bound the bile acid precursor,
      7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and increased the amount of 7alpha, 12alpha
      dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one formed by the microsomal enzyme, 12alpha-hydroxylase.
      Subsequent studies were carried out to determine if squalene and sterol carrier
      protein or albumin, two lipid binding proteins present in the 105 00 X g
      supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenates, may be responsible for the effects
      seen with this fraction. Squalene and sterol carrier protein bound several water
      insoluble bile acid precursors, including 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and
      increased the apparent activity of 12alpha-hydroxylase. Squalene and sterol
      carrier protein, however, did not bind either cholic acid or chenodeoxycholic
      acid. Rat serum albumin also bound 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and increased
      the apparent activity of 12alpha-hydroxylase. Kinetic analysis indicated that the
      apparent stimulation of 12alpha-hydroxylase by squalene and sterol carrier
      protein and albumin was due to increased solubilization of the substrate, 7alpha
      hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. Thus, these studies indicate that bile acid precursor
      carrier proteins are present in the 105 000 Xg supernatant fraction of rat liver
      homogenates and suggest that squalene and sterol carrier protein or albumin may
      participate as carrier proteins in bile acid synthesis.

PMID- 974091
TI  - Biosynthesis of phosphogalactolipids and diphosphatidylglycerol in a membrane
      fraction of Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus.

PMID- 974092
TI  - Phospholipases A1 and A2 in lamellar inclusion bodies of the alveolar epithelium
      of rabbit lung.
AB  - 1. A lamellar body-enriched fraction was prepared from rabbit lung and
      characterized by electron microscopy, surface activity studies, phospholipid
      assay and marker enzymes. 2. Both phospholipases A1 and A2 were found to be
      present in lamellar bodies. After these had been ruptured both enzymes were found
      to be principally in the soluble phase. 3. The possible roles for phospholipases
      in lamellar body development and in the respiratory distress syndrome of the
      newborn are discussed.

PMID- 974093
TI  - Metabolism of different monoacylphospholipids in isolated hepatocytes and the
      intact rat.
AB  - The 1-[3H] palmitoyl, 2-[3H] oleoyl, and 2-[14C] linoleoyl derivatives of sn
      glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and the corresponding derivatives of sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine were injected intraportally to rats and their incorporation into
      liver lipids was studied 15 min thereafter. Both the uptake by the liver and the
      degree of acylation was higher for the unsaturated compounds. The uptake of
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine was higher than that of lysophosphatidlycholine. The
      metabolism of 1-lysophosphatidylethanolamine was also studied in isolated
      hepatocytes. The degree of hydrolysis was much more prominent than in vivo. After
      injecting 2-[14C] linoleoyl derivatives, a large part of the 14C was recovered in
      the dienoic phospholipids. Subfractionation by reversed-phase partition
      chromatography showed that the isotope was located in the palmitoyllinoleoyl and
      stearoyl-linoleoyl fraction. The 100 X stearoly/(palmitoyl + stearoyl) ratio was
      84 in dienoic phosphatidylethanolamine and 59 in dienoic phosphatidylcholine.
      This preference for stearic acid is significantly larger than in other pathways
      yielding dienoic phospholipids. It can be concluded that the monoacylphospholipid
      acyltransferase reactions operating at positions 1 or 2 yield different saturated
      acyl chain profiles in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine of a
      specific unsaturation. This may be important in the regulation of the fatty acid
      composition of the membrane phospholipids.

PMID- 974094
TI  - Phospholipid acyl group stability in cultured fibroblasts. Differences between
      human cell lines of fetal and adult origin.
AB  - Human fibroblasts of both fetal and adult origin incorporated [1-14C] acetate
      primarily into phospholipid acyl groups (70-80% of total radioactivity). When
      these labeled cells were replated in non-radioactive medium, there was continuous
      loss of 14C from steroids, triacylglycerols and non-lipid material. In contrast,
      after some initial loss, cell lines of fetal origin completely retained 14C in
      cellular phospholipids during continued cell division. Unlike cells of fetal
      origin, fibroblasts of adult origin continued to lose radioactivity from their
      phospholipid acyl groups during growth in unlabeled medium. Loss of radioactivity
      from [1-3H] acetate incorporated into phospholipids of adult cells cannot be
      attributed to cell death since it was not accompanied by any loss of previously
      incorporated [ME-14C] thymidine. If cellular phospholipids were labeled with [U
      14C] glycerol, both fetal and adult fibroblasts continued to lose radioisotope
      from the cells during growth in nonradioactive medium. Thus, there is turnover of
      the phospholipid molecules themselves in fetal human fibroblasts grown in vitro,
      but their acyl groups are retained within cellular phospholipids. In this
      respect, fibroblasts of fetal origin resemble established cell lines such as the
      L fibroblast. Fibroblasts of adult origin do not exhibit this complete
      conservation of their phospholipid acyl groups.

PMID- 974095
TI  - Transmission electron microscopy of biliary mixed lipid micelles.
AB  - One potential artifact problem in election microscopy of micellar systems is that
      structural changes and aggregation could be induced by high vacuum dehydration in
      sample preparation prior to viewing and photomicrography. This could account for
      an earlier report on "macroassemblies" of biliary lipid, a finding which has been
      discrepant with the predominance of other evidence on the size, configuration and
      behavior of biliary micelles. In the present work, this possibility was explored
      and no evidence for such macroassemblies demonstrated when freeze-drying sample
      preparation was used; whereas, with conventional technique, the "macroassemblies"
      were again observed. It is concluded that freeze-drying or freeze-etching sample
      preparation is required to avoid this form of artifact in electron microscopy of
      micellar systems. The present findings are compatible with a spherical-equivalent
      or oblate ellipsoid configuration for biliary mixed micelles.

PMID- 974096
TI  - Cyclic peroxides and the thiobarbituric assay.
AB  - Several monocyclic peroxide compounds and two acyclic hydroperoxides have been
      tested for activity in the thiobarbituric acid test. All cyclic peroxides tested
      which have beta dioxygen functionality on non-tertiary carbons gave positive
      thiobarbituric acid tests at 532 nm. (epsilon = 10(3) --10(4)) Two acyclic
      unsaturated hydroperoxides which were derived from gamma-linolenic acid also gave
      positive thiobarbituric acid tests. In addition to the 532-nm-absorbing species,
      all peroxidic compounds tested showed a transient absorption at 450 nm during the
      thiobarbituric acid test. The species responsible for this 450 nm absorption
      appears to be an intermediate in a series reaction sequence. This intermediate is
      converted, in time, to the 532-nm-absorbing species. Thiobarbituric acid assay of
      the crude autoxidation product mixture of gamma-linolenic acid also shows this
      transient 450-nm-absorbing species. Added ferric ion enhances the 532 nm
      abosrbance of the thiobarbituric acid assay of cyclic peroxides.

PMID- 974097
TI  - Reaction of Tris with aldehydes. Effect of Tris on reactions catalyzed by
      homoserine dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Tris buffer was observed to produce an apparent inhibition of the homoserine
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3)-catalyzed reduction of aspartic beta-semialdehyde and
      an apparent inhibition of the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.9)
      catalyzed oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. In each case, the apparent
      inhibition was found to be due to a lowering of the substrate concentration as a
      result of a reversible reaction between the free base form of Tris and the
      substrate, an aldehyde. The product of the reaction was tentatively identified as
      an imine on the basis of its spectral properties. The inhibition of these two
      enzymatic reactions by Tris was employed to investigate the kinetics of the
      reaction of Tris with their substrates. Assuming that these aldehydes exist
      entirely as the free aldehyde in aqueous solution, equilibrium constants of 369
      +/- 12M-1 and 68 +/- 1.5M-1 were determined at 25 degrees C for the reaction of
      the free base form of Tris with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and asparitic beta
      semialdehyde, respectively. Correcting for the existence of the hydrated form of
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in aqueous solution, an equilibrium constant of 1.1
      10(4) M-1 was obtained for the reaction of this aldehyde with the free base form
      of Tris. Forward and reverse direction rate constants for the reaction of Tris
      with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate were determined at pH 7.45 and pH 8.5, and both
      were found to be pH-dependent.

PMID- 974098
TI  - Studies on the nature of different molecular forms of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase purified from human leukocytes.
AB  - Several molecular forms of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6
      phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) corresponding to different stages
      of post-synthetic modifications have been purified from human leukocytes. The
      various enzyme forms were different in their specific activity, their kinetic
      properties and their isoelectrofusing pattern. The molecular weight of the
      subunits of the different forms was not modified. The changes in the
      electrofocusing pattern were not due to modifications of the N-terminal ends, the
      oxidation of thiol groups or the non-covalent fixation of an acid molecule upon
      the enzyme. Carboxypeptidase B cleaved a C-terminal lysine from the different
      enzyme forms and shifted the isoelectric point of the different enzyme active
      bands towards the acid pH. The different enzyme forms studied here seemed to
      result from the action upon 'native glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase' of
      'modifying factors' especially abundant in some leukemic granulocytes. The
      modifying factors did not seem to be consumed during the 'modification' of
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Moreover, the storage for one year of
      unmodified enzyme resulted in changes in its electrofocusing pattern similar to
      those quickly induced by the 'modifying factors'. Consequently it appears that
      the modifying factors are catalysts of the modification of special residues of
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The hypothesis that this modification involves
      the deamination of asparagine or glutamine residues is put forward.

PMID- 974099
TI  - Purification and properties of rat lung soluble glutathione peroxidase.
AB  - Gluthathione peroxidase (gluthatione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC
      1.11.1.9) has been purified approximately 2700-fold from rat lung soluble
      fraction. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/urea polyacrylamide gel electrphoresis. Selenium-75 tracer
      cochromatographed with the enzyme activity, indicating that rat lung soluble
      gluthathione peroxidase is a selenium enzyme. The enzyme had an approximate
      molecular weight of 80000 and contained four identical subunits. The optimal
      activity of the enzyme was at between pH 8.8 and 9.1. The enzyme had general
      specificity toward hydroperoxides, and high specificity for reduced glutathione.
      The kinetic behavior or the purified lung soluble glutathione peroxidase followed
      a ping-pong-like mechanism; the enzyme first reduced the lipid hydroperoxide
      substrate to the corresponding hydroxy fatty acid, then was regenerated to the
      native form by reduced glutathione.

PMID- 974100
TI  - Transaminase of branched chain amino acids. XI. Leucine (methionine) transaminase
      of rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - An aminotransferase (transaminase) which is active for leucine and methionine,
      but not for valine or isoleucine, was purified from rat liver mitochondria. The
      purified preparation appeared homogeneous on polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was shown to be 55 000 by gel filtration.
      It differed from enzyme II (leucine aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.6) in the
      supernatant fraction, another transaminase which is also specific for leucine and
      methionine, in molecular weight, Km values for substrates, electrophoretic
      mobility, chromatographic behavior and heat stability. From comparison with
      related transaminases it was concluded to be a new enzyme and named mitochondrial
      leucine (methionine) transaminase.

PMID- 974101
TI  - Phosphoglycerate kinase from young and old Turbatrix aceti.
AB  - Phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate-1-phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.2.3) from young and old Turbatrix aceti has been purified to homogeneity. The
      "old" enzyme exhibits a marked reduction in specific activity both in crude
      homogenates and in pure form when compared to preparations from young nematodes.
      The specific activities for pure "young" and "old" enzymes are 650-750 and 300
      400 units/mg, respectively. All other properties of "young" and "old" enzymes
      were nearly identical, including molecular weight (43 000), Km, behavior on
      columns, thermal stability and mobility during gel electrophoresis at three pH
      values. The results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of formation
      of "altered" enzymes. In addition, certain properteis of the nematode
      phosphoglycerate kinase are compared with those of the enzyme from yeast and
      rabbit muscle.

PMID- 974102
TI  - Purification and characterization of two forms of urokinase.
AB  - Affinity chromatography on agmatine-Sepharose was used for the separation of two
      active forms of urokinase (EC 3.4.99.26) from partially purified human urinary
      urokinase. The approximate molecular weight of the heavier form was 47 000 and of
      the lighter 33 400. Both forms were homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis and by 3H-labeled diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and 14C-labeled
      p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate incorporation studies. The 33 400 mol. wt.
      form had a single chain, and the 47 000 mol. wt. form had two chains (33 100 and
      18 600 mol. wt.) linked by disulfide bonds. The specific activity of the heavier
      form was 104 000 CTA units/mg protein, compared with 226 000 units/mg for the
      lighter form but the activities per mmol of active site (molar activities) of the
      two forms were almost identical (9.6-10(9) and 10.2-10(9) CTA units/mmol).
      Isoelectric focusing on gels showed that the 47 000 material contained one major
      subform with a pI of 8.60 and a minor subform with a pI of 8.90, while the 33 400
      material had three major subforms with pI values of 8.35, 8.60 and 8.70,
      respectively, and a minor subform with a pI of 8.05. 3H-labeled
      diisopropylphosphorofluoridate incorporation studies revealed an active-site
      serine residue in the heavy chain.

PMID- 974103
TI  - Preparation of porcine enteropeptidase free of intestinal aminopeptidase activity
      with Con A-Sepharose.

PMID- 974104
TI  - The gamma chain of the lamb.
AB  - The sequence of the gamma-chain of lamb (Finn-Marino) haemoglobin has been
      investigated. Total amino acid analysis and analysis of the products of
      cyanylation, together with analysis of tryptic, peptic, thermolysin and
      Staphylococcus aureus (strain V8) protease peptides and with dansyl-Edman
      degradation enabled almost the entire sequence to be elucidated. The differences
      between this sequence and that of the gamma-chains of man, cattle, goat and
      Rambouillet sheep are discussed.

PMID- 974105
TI  - Molecular properties of rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase is an heterogeneous glycoprotein that
      contains three protein sub-forms separable by electrophoresis. The molecular
      weight for the glycoprotein (i.e. the average for the three sub-forms) is 157 000
      160 000. Three protein sub-forms are detectable on sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that migrate at rates corresponding with
      molecular weights of 64 000, 79 000 and 92 000. Treatment of native alkaline
      phosphatase with 6 M guanidine - HC1 or buffer at pH 3.0 results in a product
      with a molecular weight of 78 000 and 70 000, respectively. Thus it is concluded
      that each of the three sub-forms is a dimer of identical or closely similar
      subunits. Limited proteolysis results in the production of new enzymically active
      sub-forms separable by electrophoresis. Using a bacterial protease it is possible
      to convert intestinal alkaline phosphatase into a form with a molecular weight of
      132 000 without causing any significant change in kinetic properties.
      Electrophoresis of this new form on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel
      suggests that it is composed of 66 000-dalton subunits. The native enzyme
      contains at least 20% by weight of carbohydrate that probably contributes to
      microheterogeneity of a second degree superimposed on that stemming from the
      presence of three protein sub-forms. Treatment with various glycosidases has no
      effect on electrophoretic behaviour, however. It is suggested that the three sub
      forms possibly represent different stages of a maturation process that operates
      by limited proteolysis of a single parent protein.

PMID- 974106
TI  - Bilirubin and biliverdin binding to rat Y protein (ligandin).
AB  - The binding of bilirubin to poly(L-lysine) produces an optically active complex
      at pH 10.1. Circular dichroism spectra of these complexes are distinguishable
      from those generated by binding of bilirubin to the high affinity sites on
      albumin. Comparison of the circular dichroism spectra of bilirubin bound to the
      hepatic protein ligandin with those of bilirubin complexed with albumin or
      polylysine indicates that binding of bilirubin to ligandin occurs at two types of
      sites. These are distinguishable on the basis of their spectral properties, one
      resembling the high affinity site of bovine serum albumin and the other
      resembling polylysine. Complexes of biliverdin with albumin and ligandin bear
      similarities to the bilirubin-protein complexes. The native protein itself has an
      ordered structure which consists of 41% alpha-helix and is not altered by the
      binding of bilirubin.

PMID- 974107
TI  - The binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate, heparin, salicylate and
      caprylate by human antithrombin III.
AB  - The binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate to human antithrombin III was
      studied by fluorescence enhancement of the fluorophor and fluorescence quenching
      of the protein emission. Two molecules of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate were
      found to bind per antithrombin molecule with an average dissociation constant of
      4.4-10(-5) M. The binding of heparin to antithrombin was studied by ultraviolet
      difference spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the heparin binding indicated 1.8
      binding sites with an average dissociation constant of 4.3 - 10(-6) M. Further
      the fluorometric competition experiments with 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate,
      heparin, salicylate and caprylate indicated two different classes of anion
      binding sites on the antithrombin molecule.

PMID- 974108
TI  - Changes in the ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectra of aquo-, hydroxy-,
      azido-, and cyanocobalamin when bound to human intrinsic factor or human
      transcobalamin I.
AB  - The ultraviolet and the circular dichroic spectra of aquo-, hydroxy-, azido-, and
      cyanocobalamin free or bound to purified human intrinsic factor or purified human
      transcobalamin I were recorded. Except for azidocobalamin-transcobalamin I, the
      molar absorption for the gamma1-band in the ultraviolet spectra increased with a
      factor between 1.2 and 1.4 when the cobalamins were bound to protein. The
      ultraviolet spectrum of azidocobalamin-transcobalamin I changed so that the
      gamma2-band became the most intense. Minor changes were observed in the other
      ultraviolet spectra. The most prominent change in the CD-spectra of protein bound
      cobalamins was the increase in negative elipticity above 400 nm. This increase
      was most intense for cyano- and azidocobalamin-transcobalamin I. The study
      emphasizes that the mechanism by which human intrinsic factor and human
      transcobalamin I bind cobalamins differ.

PMID- 974109
TI  - Copper(I) and copper(II) in complexes of biochemical significance studied by X
      ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
AB  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements of copper complexes of biochemical
      significance were carried out to permit the conclusion whether or not copper is
      present in the Cu(I) or Cu(II) state. Only one single homogeneous signal in the X
      ray photoelectron spectra of the Cu(I) 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 levels was seen regardless
      whatever Cu(I) complex was used. By contrast one more or less split satellite in
      addition to the main 2p copper signal appeared when Cu(II) complexes were
      studied. The extent of satellite splitting was dependent on the nature of the
      ligands coordinated with Cu(II). Thus, a strong splitting was observed in the
      spectra of Cu-(trifluoroacetylacetonate)2 and Cu-(biuret)2Cl2 were Cu(II) is
      exclusively bound to oxygen having a formal double bond. No such splitting was
      seen in Cu(II) chelates where the metal was bound to single bonded oxygen and/or
      nitrogen. It excited great interest to see that in the antiferromagnetically
      coupled Cu(II) complexes Cu2-(succinate)2-4H2O, Cu-(HCCO)2, CuO and in the
      completely diamagnetic Cu2-(u,3-diphenyltriazene)4 complex Cu(II) could be
      detected. The reaction of Cu(I) and Cu(II) with the thiol sulphur of either
      cysteine, penicillamine or alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine yielded Cu(I)
      complexes. During the X-ray exposure of the different samples photoreduction of
      Cu(II) was not observed. For example, the satellite structure of the copper 2p
      levels using Cu(II)-cystine remained unchanged during the measurement.

PMID- 974110
TI  - Fluorescence study of N-(3-pyrene)maleimide conjugated to rabbit skeletal F-actin
      and plasmodium actin polymers.
AB  - A fluorescent probe N-(3-pyrene)maleimide was conjugated to rabbit skeletal F
      actin at the site of most reactive sulfhydryl group (Cys-373). Its fluorescence
      anisotropy decay showed a single correlation time of 560 ns at 25 degrees C,
      which is in a very good agreement with the correlation time of the dansyl-L
      cysteine group conjugated to the same site of F-actin reported very recently
      [Wahl, Ph., Mihashi, K, and Auchet, J-C. (1975) FEBS Lett. 8, 164-167]. Actin
      from plasmodia of myxomycates, Physarum polycepharum, was also conjugated with N
      (3-pyrene) maleimide and the fluorescence anisotropy was compared with rabbit
      skeletal F-actin using the classical steady excitation method. It was found that
      the internal mobility of the magnesium polymer of plasmodium actin is remarkably
      larger than both plasmodium F-actin and rabbit skeletal F-actin.

PMID- 974111
TI  - Protein fluorescence and electronic energy transfer in the determination of
      molecular dimensions and rotational relaxation times of native and coenzyme-bound
      horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The intrinsic fluorescence lifetimes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (EC
      1.1.1.1) and pig heart isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) have been
      determined to be 5.36 ns and 4.84 ns, respectively. When reduced coenzyme is
      bound, the fluorescence lifetime of alcohol dehydrogenase is reduced to 4.98 ns
      while that of isocitrate dehydrogenase remains unchanged. Oxidized coenzymes have
      no effect on fluorescence lifetimes of alcohol and isocitrate dehydrogenases.
      This virtual constancy of protein fluorescence lifetimes has allowed the
      conclusion to be reached that in protein-ligand complexes with equilibrium
      constants in the range of 10(4)-10(6) M(-1), the static mode of quenching is
      substantial. The observation of resonance energy transfer in alcohol
      dehydrogenase-NADH complex facilitates the determination of the distance between
      tryptophan and the reduced nicotinamide ring involved in the transfer as 30.6 A,
      compared to the effective molecular radius of 36.2 A for alcohol dehydrogenase.
      The increased rotational relaxation times of coenzyme-bound alcohol dehydrogenase
      relative to the unliganded form (sigmah = 72 ns) indicate in this protein
      structural fluctuations occurring in the time range of nanoseconds.

PMID- 974112
TI  - Factors affecting the luminescence of tryptophan at 77 K.
AB  - The effects of solvent polarity, heavy atoms and sulphur-containing compounds on
      the fluorescence and phosphorescence of indole and tryptophan have been
      investigated. The low-temperature luminescence of a group of dipeptides
      containing tryptophan is also reported. The phosphorescence to fluorescence
      quantum yield ratio and the phosphorescence lifetime are shown to be particularly
      sensitive to environmental factors. The relevance of these results to the
      interpretation of protein luminescence spectra is briefly discussed.

PMID- 974113
TI  - The effect of trypsin on bovine transferrin and lactoferrin.
AB  - The iron-saturated and iron-free (apo) forms of bovine transferrin and
      lactoferrin were digested with trypsin and the digests analysed by column
      chromatography and electrophoresis. Both of the iron-saturated proteins were more
      resistant to proteolysis than the corresponding apoproteins, and iron-transferrin
      was more resistant than iron-lactoferrin. Digestion of iron-transferrin yielded
      two iron-binding fragments with molecular weights of 32 000 and 38 500 whereas
      apotransferrin yielded only the larger fragment. In digests of lactoferrin, up to
      five different fragments with molecular weights ranging from 25 000 to 52 700
      were detected, there being no obvious qualitative difference between digests of
      iron-lactoferrin and apolactoferrin. The susceptibility of apolactoferrin to
      tryptic digestion was only slightly reduced when apolactoferrin was complexed
      with beta-lactoglobulin, suggesting that complex-formation is not a mechanism for
      protecting lactoferrin against intestinal degradation. There was no immunological
      cross reaction between bovine transferrin or its digestion products against anti
      lactoferrin antiserum, or vice-versa.

PMID- 974114
TI  - Studies on the sulfhydryl groups in type III collagen.
AB  - The Type III collagen molecule, [alpha](III)]3, is comprised of three alphal(III)
      chains each of which contains two cysteinyl residues. Free sulfhydryl groups,
      however, could not be detected in the denatured, trimeric gamma-component of Type
      III collagen as judged by the failure to form derivatives with the alkylating
      reagents iodo-[14C]acetic acid and 4-vinylpyridine. This absence of sulfhydryl
      group reactivity did not appear to result from disulfide-binding between Type III
      collagen and noncollagenous peptides. Collectively, the results indicate that all
      of the six sulfhydryl groups of the Type III collagen molecule participate in
      interchain disulfide-bonding.

PMID- 974115
TI  - One electron reduction of metmyoglobin and methemoglobin and the reaction of the
      reduced molecule with oxygen.
AB  - We have used the pulse radiolysis technique to reduce with solvated electrons
      (see article) a single Fe(III) site in methemoglobin and metmyoglobin. The
      reduction process was followed spectrophotometrically and the reactions rate
      constants were measured: (see article) =6.5 +/- 1-10(10) M-1-S-1. (see
      article)=2.5 +/- 0.3-10(10) M-1-S-1. Approx. 60% of the (see article) have
      reacted with the hemin group, and the rest of the (see article) have probably
      reacted with the globin moiety. We followed the reaction of the reduced proteins
      to yield the oxyderivatives and measured the rate constants of the oxygenation
      process k reduced methemoglobin + O2 = 2.6 +/- 0.6-10(7) M-1-S-1 and k myoglobin
      + O2 = 1.8 +/- 0.2-10(7) M-1-S-1, all the rate constants were measured at pH =
      6.8, I = 0.004, T = 22 +/- 2 degrees C. The high rate constant for reduced
      methemoglobin indicates that one-site-reduced methemoglobin is probably in the R
      state, as predicted for methemoglobin from X-ray analysis. The spectra of the
      reduced and oxygenated species were measured under similar conditions at gamma =
      450-650 nm. We were able to follow slight changes in the micro-second time scale,
      these changes were attributed to conformational changes. We were not able to
      detect any reaction between the radical (see article) and the hemin group (which
      would result in a complex such as heme O-2). This may be due to kinetic reasons.

PMID- 974116
TI  - Renaturation of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from urea and guanidinium
      chloride solutions.
AB  - Formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from Clostridium cylindrosporum and Clostridium
      acidi-urici was denatured in 6 M urea and 4 M guanidinium chloride. Viscometric,
      fluorimetric and ultracentrifugal measurements were used to determine that the
      protein is completely unfolded under these conditions. The polypeptide chains
      refold upon dilution of the denaturant-protein solutions to give final
      concentrations of 0.5 M urea or 0.1 M guanidinium chloride. In the presence of
      NH4+, but not in its absence, the refolded proteins associate to produce the
      catalytically active tetramer. Refolding and reassociation were followed by
      measuring changes in protein fluorescence and by determination of sedimentation
      constants. Under most conditions 80% of the enzymic activity is recovered.

PMID- 974117
TI  - Isolement et caracterisation de deux subunites constitutives des glycoproteines
      de structure du tissu sous cutane de lapin.
AB  - Structural glycoproteins have been extracted by 8 M ureau from the insoluble
      residue remaining after collagenase digestion of rabbit dermis and purified by
      Sepharose 4 B chromatography. After reduction and alkylation, Dowex 1 x 2
      chromatography allowed separation of two structural glycoproteins (D1 and D2) in
      an homogenous state as shown by chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour as
      well as N terminal amino acid determination. These two glycoproteins have a
      molecular weight of about 16 000. Their amino acid compositions (very similar),
      are characterized by a high level of dicarboxylic amino acids and the absence of
      hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. The less acidic glycoprotein (D1) has glycine
      for N terminal amino acid and contains 10.4 percent of bound carbohydrates. The
      glycoprotein D2 contains 5.1 percent of bound carbohydrates and its N terminal
      amino acid is glutamic acid.

PMID- 974118
TI  - Isolation of human angiotensinogen.

PMID- 974119
TI  - Purification and properties of pyruvate kinase from human lung.

PMID- 974120
TI  - Enzymatic DNA methylation during repair synthesis in non-proliferating human
      peripheral lymphocytes.

PMID- 974121
TI  - Covalently closed minicircular DNA associated with Acetabularia chloroplasts.
AB  - When Acetabularia cliftonii chloroplast DNA (p = 1.706 g/cm3) is centrifuged in
      an ethidium bromide-CsCl gradient, the lower band is enriched for DNA with a
      buoyant density of 1.712 g/cm3 containing small covalently closed circular
      molecules. The minicircles measure 4.15 +/- 0.30 mum in the closed conformation
      and 4.35 +/- 0.20 mum in the open conformation. They are not of nuclear or
      bacterial origin, and appear to exist as independent entities within the
      chloroplast, although a mitochondrial origin cannot be completely ruled out. No
      40-45 mum circles, as found in other chloroplasts, were found in either ethidium
      bromide-CsCl fraction. None were found in total chloroplast DNA by any of a
      number of methods tried. Linear molecules up to 200 mum were measured in
      chloroplast lysates. The main chloroplast genome may consist of very large
      circular molecules which are broken by even small shear forces.

PMID- 974122
TI  - Control of transfer RNA synthesis in the presence of inhibitors of protein
      synthesis.
AB  - The rate of synthesis of transfer RNA in suspension cultures of Chang's liver
      cells, has been examined in the presence of various inhibitors of protein
      synthesis with different modes of action. Inhibitors of polypeptide chain
      elongation such as cycloheximide and emetine stimulated the rate of synthesis of
      transfer RNA at concentrations that inhibited protein synthesis by 60-90%.
      Trichodermin, an inhibitor of the elongation and termination steps in protein
      synthesis, had as effect similar to that of cycloheximide and emetine. On the
      other hand verrucarin, an inhibitor of initiation, and puromycin, an analogue of
      the aminoacyl terminus of tRNA, had little effect of the synthesis of transfer
      RNA at low concentrations. At high concentrations these compounds inhibited
      transfer RNA synthesis. Inhibitors of protein synthesis can be divided in two
      groups based on their effect on the polysom pattern. The first group increased
      the number of large polysomes, while verrucarin and puromycin lead to a break
      down of large polysomes and to an accumulation of monosomes and small polysomes.
      Thus, there appears to be a correlation between the effect of these inhibitors of
      protein synthesis on the aggregational state of the polysomes and their effect on
      the rate of transfer RNA synthesis.

PMID- 974123
TI  - The structural organization of nuclear messenger RNA precursor. I. Reassociation
      and hybridization properties of double-stranded hairpin-like loops in messenger
      RNA precursor.
AB  - The hybridization and renaturation properties of double-stranded hairpin-like
      loops isolated from giant nuclear messenger RNA precursor of mouse liver or
      ascites carcinoma cells were studied. About half of the hairpins in messenger RNA
      precursor appear to contain similar sequences, as indicated by the very fast
      kinetics of renaturation of the denatured double-stranded RNA sequences. These
      sequences have no tissue specificity. About one third of the hairpin sequences
      can hybridize to messenger RNA. It is suggested that the long hairpins in
      messenger RNA precursor play the role of sequences separating messenger RNA
      sequences from non-informative sequences and that these hairpins are recognized
      by processing enzymes.

PMID- 974124
TI  - Dielectric increment of low molecular weight RNA in dioxane after application of
      static electric fields.
AB  - A soluble RNA with a molecular weight between 15 000 and 23 000 was extracted
      from calf thymus and chromatographically purified. The RNA was slightly soluble
      in doxane (approx. 2.5 mug/ml) and RNA-dioxane solutions were used to fill a cell
      (452.02 pF capacitance) to which static electric fields of variable strength were
      applied. The dielectric permittivity of the solutions was measured at a fixed
      time interval after the application of the electric field. The RNA solutions
      showed a dielectric increment proportional to the strength of the applied field
      and to the RNA concentration. The existence of a hystersis effect was proven and
      the effect of the electric field on the RNA molecule might be related to a
      dielectric saturation phenomenon parallel to long-term changes of the molecule.

PMID- 974125
TI  - Permanganate ion oxidations. IX. Manganese intermediates (complexes) in the
      oxidation of 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinediones.
AB  - Uniquely stable manganese intermediates (complexes) are formed from the
      permanganate ion oxidation of the 5,6-carbon-carbon double bond in several
      2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinediones [uracil, (compound 7), 5-methyluracil (thymine,
      compound 5), and 6-methyluracil (compound 8)]. These manganese complexes, which
      represent some of the most stable intermediate manganese species observed thus
      far in the oxidation of carbon-carbon double bonds, show absorption maxima in the
      285-296 nm region (epsilon max approximately 4500). The relative reactivities of
      6-methyluracil: uracil: thymine are 1: 23 : 194 and the bimolecular oxidation
      process is characterized by relatively small deltaH++ values and large negative
      deltaS++ values.

PMID- 974126
TI  - Fluorescent labeling of DNA in solution with covalently bound acriflavin.
AB  - We have prepared a fluorescent derivative of DNA based on the acriflavin-Feulgen
      histological procedure for staining DNA. Our procedure involved binding
      acriflavin to DNA in solution by reacting the acriflavin with aldehydes formed on
      the deoxyribose of DNA by controlled removal of a few percent of the purine bases
      of the DNA. Partially depurinated DNA was reacted with the acriflavin reagent,
      and unbound acriflavin was removed by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 eluted with
      phosphate buffered guanidine -HCl. Such single-stranded depurinated DNA bound
      0.36 acriflavin molecules per 100 purine bases per h of depurination. DNA
      containing one bound acriflavin per 200 bases reassociated at 85% of the value of
      control DNA. The acriflavin - DNA complex showed new absorption maxima at 466 and
      370 nm. The fluorescent product had excitation maxima at 304 and 465 nm and an
      emission maximum at 502 nm. This labeling procedure should be useful in place of
      or in addition to radioactive labeling for DNA.

PMID- 974127
TI  - Mechanism of hydroxylamine mutagenesis. Crystal structure and conformation of 1,5
      dimethyl-N4-hydroxycytosine.
AB  - The crystal structure of the title compound, which is a formal analogue of 5
      methyl-N4-hydroxycytosine nucleosides, has been determined by X-ray diffraction.
      The space group is P2(1)/c with a = 7.368 (2), b = 12.096 (3), c = 9.192 (4) A,
      beta = 113.94 (3) degrees. Three-dimensional intensity data were collected with a
      four-circle diffractometer, and the structure was refined by block-diagonal least
      squares to R = 0.053. The compound is in the imino form, and the exocyclic N4-OH
      is located essentially in the plane of the pyrimidine ring, and syn to the ring
      (N(3). There is an intramolecular hydrogen bond involving the N(3)-H as donor and
      O(4) as acceptor, viz. N(3)-H(31)----O(4)-H. With this conformation, which
      probably prevails also in solution, the compound would be unable to participate
      in normal Watson-Crick base pairing. It is shown that a similar situation may
      prevail for N4-hydroxycytosine nucleosides. The implications with regard to the
      molecular mechanism of hydroxylamine mutagenesis, with particular reference to
      the T-even bacteriophages, are discussed. Analogous considerations are applied to
      an examination of the possible behaviour of hydroxylamine-modified adenine
      nucleosides.

PMID- 974128
TI  - Effect of starvation of the distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes in
      rat liver and on the content of phospholipid and glycogen in purified ribosomes.
AB  - The distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes in liver in response to
      starvation has not been clearly defined. An investigation has been made of the
      effects of starvation on the content of DNA, RNA, protein, phospholipid and
      glycogen in rat liver, on the distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes,
      and on the content of phospholipid and glycogen in free and bound ribosome
      fractions. The results indicate that starvation can produce up to a 50% reduction
      in hepatic ribosomes without altering either the fraction of rRNA relative to the
      total RNA or the distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes. In addition,
      the degree of contamination of isolated ribosomes with membranous material does
      not fluctuate with changes in the nutritional status of the animal. The results
      suggest that the relative capacities for protein synthesis among the two ribosome
      compartments are maintained during the early stages of starvation. Further, co
      sedimentation with glycogen is not responsible for the presence of membranous
      materials in purified ribosomes.

PMID- 974129
TI  - Characterization of DNA polymerase associated with nuclear membrane fractions
      from uninfected and adenovirus 2-infected KB cells.
AB  - We have isolated a nuclear membrane fraction from KB cells infected with human
      adenovirus 2 that synthesizes exclusively small viral DNA chains (approx. 9 S) in
      vitro (Yamashita, T., Arens, M. and Green, M. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3273
      3279). The DNA polymerase activity present in the adenovirus 2 DNA-nuclear
      membrane complex was purified through chromatography on phosphocellulose and DEAE
      cellulose, glycerol gradient centrifuation and DNA-cellulose chromatography. A
      single peak of enzymatic activity sedimented in glycerol gradients at about 6.7 S
      which corresponds to a molecular weight of 125000. The enzyme preparation in the
      step of glycerol gradient centrifugation utilized activated calf thymus, KB cell
      and adenovirus 2 DNA as template-primer in the presence of Mg2+; Km values for
      these DNAs were 5.5, 4.0, and 0.8 mug/ml, respectively. The partially purified
      enzyme preparation was characterized by several criteria which were compared to
      the properties of the three major mammalian DNA polymerases, alpha, beta, and
      psi. On the basis of template-primer preference, effect of salt, inhibition by N
      ethylmaleimide and Km for dTTP, the DNA polymerase activity from the membrane
      complex can be distinguished from the alpha and beta DNA polymerases. The elution
      profile from DNA cellulose revealed a minor peak (I) and a major peak (II) of DNA
      polymerase activity utilizing poly(A) -(dT)10 as template-primer in the presence
      of Mn2+ - Peak II from DNA cellulose, which contained about 90% of the total DNA
      polymerase activity eluted from the column, was 2-3 times as active with poly(A) 
      (dT)10 as template-primer in the presence of Mn2+ than with activated calf
      thymus DNA in the presence of Mg2+. On the other hand, peak I had a low ratio of
      poly(A) - (dT)10 to activated calf thymus DNA activity. DNA polymerase was also
      purified from the nuclear membrane fraction of uninfected KB cells by the same
      procedures as those used in enzyme purification from the adenovirus 2 DNA-nuclear
      membrane complex. A minor peak and a major peak of DNA polymerase activity
      utilizing poly(A) - (dT)10 as template primer in the presence of Mn2+ were again
      observed that eluted from DNA cellulose at the same KCl concentrations as peak I
      and II from adenovirus 2-infected cells. The enzymes of the nuclear membrane
      fraction of uninfected KB cells could not be differentiated from the enzymes of
      the adenovirus 2 DNA-nuclear membrane complex through any of the purification
      steps nor by their template specificities. These results indicate that the
      predominant enzyme in the adenovirus 2 DNA-nuclear membrane complex and in the KB
      cell nuclear membrane complex belongs to the class of DNA polymerase psi.

PMID- 974130
TI  - Comparison of the temperature sensitivity of protein synthesis by cell-free
      systems from liver of rat and skate (Raja ocellata).
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine the component(s) responsible for the
      temperature optimum characteristic of the protein-synthesizing system from skate
      and rat. 1. The macromolecular constituents of rat and skate liver ribosomes are
      compared. The number of ribosomal proteins is similar in the two species,
      although most proteins display different electrophoretic mobilities on
      polyacrylamide gels. The RNAs from the small subunit of skate and rat have
      similar sedimentation coefficients; however, the RNA from the large subunit of
      skate ribosomes appeared to be slight smaller than the comparable RNA from the
      rat. 2. Ribosomes from either rat or skate were capable of supporting
      poly(U)dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis with soluble factors from either
      species. 3. Maximal leucine incorporation directed by endogenous mRNA occurred at
      35--40 degrees C with post-mitochondrial supernatant from the rat liver and at 20
      -30 degrees C with that from skate liver. 4. The characteristic temperature
      sensitivity of protein synthesis was dependent upon the source of cell sap and
      independent of the source of ribosomes. 5. Elongation factor 1 from both the rat
      and skate exhibited maximum activity at approx. 30 degrees C. 6. Phenylalanyl
      tRNA synthetase from skate liver showed maximum activity at 30 degrees C while
      that from rat was maximally active at 37 degrees C. The rat enzyme, however, was
      active at 0--10 degrees C, at which temperature protein synthesis in the
      reconstructed rat system is virtually absent. 7. The protein-synthesizing
      capacity of the reconstituted system at various temperatures was closely
      correlated with the activity of Elongation factor 2 (translocase). Elongation
      factor 2 from rat liver displayed an optimum at 30 degrees C and lost all
      activity below 10 degrees C, while this same factor from skate liver showed an
      optimum at 20 degrees C and significant activity below 10 degrees C. At this low
      temperature the reconstituted skate liver system continued to exhibit the ability
      to synthesize protein. These studies suggest that Elongation factor 2 is the
      component responsible for determining the temperature at which the protein
      synthesizing system displays its characteristic maximum activity.

PMID- 974131
TI  - Excision of ultraviolet and gamma ray products of the 5,6-dihydroxy
      dihydrothymine type by nuclear preperations of xeroderma pigmentosum cells.
AB  - Monomeric products of the 5,6-dihydroxy-dihydrothymine type are produced in the
      DNA by both ultraviolet and ionizing radiations. The capacity of nuclear
      preparations from normal and Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells (Complementation
      groups A, B, C and D) to excise such products from ultraviolet or gamma
      irradiated T7DNA was comparable and was independent of radiation induced strand
      breaks.

PMID- 974132
TI  - The crystal and molecular structure of the polymeric complex of zinc(II)
      withcytosine 5'-phosphate: metal bonding to both N(3) and phosphate.
AB  - Crystal structure analysis of the zinc(II) complex with cytosine 5'-phosphate,
      (C9H12N3O8P)Zn(H2O), shows that the complex is two-dimensionally polymeric, and
      the zinc atom is tetrahedrally coordinated to N(3) of the pyrimidine, to two
      phosphate oxygen atoms and to one water molecule. The zinc atom also forms weak
      intramolecular interaction with O(2) of the pyrimidine.

PMID- 974133
TI  - Turnover of ribosomal RNA in liver.

PMID- 974134
TI  - Giant RNA in insects. I. Differential changes during Calliphora development and
      the role of ecdysone.
AB  - The pattern of newly synthesized RNA in the epidermis cells of Calliphora during
      the larval life to the early pupal stage was analysed by electrophoretic
      separation of RNA extracts on polyacrylamide gels. During larval life, mainly
      rRNA was synthesized. The elevation of ecdysone concentration during the
      synthesis of the new larval cuticle resulted primarily in the stimulation of rRNA
      synthesis. In the transition period from larva to pupa, the principal RNA
      synthesized was rapidly labelled giant DNA-like RNA, with an average life span of
      30 min. Prior to the change in RNA metabolism at this development stage, the
      synthesis of all classes of RNA was depressed. The initial increase in hnRNA
      synthesis occurs at the onset of the wandering stage, shortly after the
      appearance of a small peak of ecdysone and about two days prior to the main peak
      of hormone secretion and pupariation. During induced pupariation by ecdysterone,
      1 h after hormone treatment, more label was observed in giant hnRNA followed by
      elevation of rRNA synthesis. Processing and maturation of rRNA also seemed to be
      stimulated.

PMID- 974135
TI  - Stimulation of cell proliferation in rat liver by alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane or
      partial hepatectomy and end points during G1 of the inhibitory action of beta
      diethyl-aminoethylphenyldiallyl acetate-HC1 (CFT 1201), beta
      diethylaminoethyldiphenylpropyl acetate. HC1 (SKF 525-A) and actinomycin D.
AB  - The present work was designed to study the nature, sequence and temporal position
      of some inhibitor-sensitive events of the replicative cycle in rat liver.
      Hepatocyte proliferation was induced by alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane and by
      partial hepatectomy; the onset of DNA synthesis and of mitotic activity were
      determined and used as reference points in the cell cycle. Inhibition of cell
      proliferation was achieved by CFT 1201, SKF 525-A, and actinomycin D. It was
      found that the inhibitory action of the three agents ends at the same stage of
      the replicative cycle, 0--2 h before the G1/S transition, in both alpha
      hexachlorocyclohexane-stimulated and regenerating rat liver. It is concluded that
      the molecular events sensitive to CFT 1201, SKF 525-A or actinomycin D are either
      identical or temporally closely associated; they do not figure in the metabolic
      activation of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane.

PMID- 974136
TI  - Incorporation of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid into hemoglobin S in sickle
      erythrocytes in vitro.
AB  - L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, the naturally occurring lower homologue of L
      proline, is incorporated into hemoglobin S (sickle hemoglobin) in vitro. Sickle
      erythrocytes from patients with sickle cell anemia incubated with L-[3H]
      azetidine-2-carboxylate synthesized radiolabeled hemoglobin which when isolated
      from cell lysates, co-chromatographed with hemoglobin S on DEAE-cellulose
      columns. The alpha/beta ratio of azetidine carboxylate incorporation into the
      globin chains of sickle hemoglobin was 0.94, which is consistent with the
      presence of four proline residues in each polypeptide chain. Incorporation of
      azetidine carboxylate into hot trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material in sickle
      erythrocytes indicated that the homologue was present in the polypeptide backbone
      of the globin chains of sickle hemoglobin. Amino acid analysis of the hot
      trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material from sickle erythrocytes which had been
      incubated with radiolabeled azetidine carboxylate indicated that 75% of the
      radioactivity could be accounted for as intact homologue while 20% of the
      radioactivity co-chromatographed with alanine. These results suggest that
      azetidine carboxylate is incorporated unaltered into hemoglobin S in addition to
      being metabolized to alanine in sickle erythrocytes prior to incorporation into
      protein. The kinetics of thermal precipitation of hemoglobin S (oxygen ligand)
      into which radioactive azetidine carboxylate or radioactive proline had been
      incorporated in vitro is identical. This observation, together with the behavior
      of hemoglobin S and the globin chains from hemoglobin S containing azetidine
      carboxylate during ion-exchange chromatography, indicates that homologue
      replacement of prolyl residues does not significantly alter the overall charge or
      stability of the hemoglobin S tetramer. Azetidine carboxylate did not inhibit
      uptake of radiolabeled proline by sickle erythrocytes suggesting that the
      homologue does not adversely affect amino acid transport in these cells.

PMID- 974137
TI  - Control of protein synthesis by hemin. Isolation and characterization of a
      supernatant factor from rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
AB  - The regulation of protein synthesis by hemin in rabbit reticulocyte lysates is
      mediated by a hemin-controlled translational repressor protein (HCR) that
      inhibits polypeptide chain initiation. The effect of this translational inhibitor
      can be reversed by a high molecular weight protein in the post-ribosomal
      supernatant fraction. This supernatant factor has been purified approx. 700-fold.
      It is as effective in reversing the inhibition of protein synthesis due to an
      early form of HCR (intermediate HCR) as it is in stimulating protein synthesis in
      the absence of hemin. It is progressively less effective at reversing the
      inhibition of protein synthesis due to a late from of HCR (irreversible HCR),
      double-stranded RNA, and oxidized glutathione. The supernatant factor is
      chromatographically different from the initiation factor IF-MP, isolated from
      reticulocyte ribosomes, that can also overcome the inhibitory effect of HCR. The
      supernatant factor does not require hemin for activity, and its action is
      somewhat suppressed by a level of hemin that is optimal for protein synthesis.

PMID- 974138
TI  - Different susceptibility of protein synthesis to inhibitors of elongation in cell
      free systems from plasma cell tumours and reticulocytes.
AB  - Plasma cells and reticulocytes are mammalian cell systems which have specialized
      in the synthesis of a single protein during their differentiation from one common
      stem cell. To study whether there is a difference in cell susceptibility at the
      level of elongation, dose vs. inhibition curves of sparsomycin, cycloheximide and
      emetine in cell-free systems with S-30 fractions from plasma cell tumours (MOPC
      63, MOPC 41, RPC 20, MOPC 104 E), reticulocytes and liver were compared. The
      experiments revealed: (1) all the selected systems are equally sensitive to
      sparsomycin; (2) the susceptibility of the reticulocyte systems to cycloheximide
      and emetine is higher than that of the plasma cell tumours. In the dose range of
      1 - 10(-7) --5 - 10(-5) M cycloheximide and 1 - 10(-6)--1 - 10(-4) M emetine the
      reticulocyte system is preferentially inhibited; (3) the sensitivities of all
      plasma cell tumours are equal; (4) the liver system is more sensitive to emetine
      than to cycloheximide; (5) the site of the different susceptibility to these
      antibiotics could be located on the ribosomes; (6) however, when the extracts of
      the plasma cell tumours were prepared in the presence of hemin, their
      susceptibility rises and is like that of reticulocytes. These results show that
      hemin promotes in a cell-specific manner the sensitivity to some inhibitors of
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 974139
TI  - Inhibition by 5-thio-D-glucopyranose of protein biosynthesis in vitro in
      spermatids from rat testis.
AB  - The effect of 5-thio-D-glucopyranose (thioglucose) upon protein biosynthesis in
      vitro was examine in testes from mature rats. Thioglucose in vitro is without
      demonstrable effect upon incorporation of L-[U-14C]phenylalanine into protein by
      whole testis but inhibits this incorporation by a purified fraction of immature
      spermatids (stages 1--8) prepared by centrifugal eluctriation; the inhibition is
      observed with or without glucose added in vitro and is concentration dependent in
      the range 1--50 mM. Similar inhibition is observed with three other 14C-labeled
      amino acids (leucine, lysine and glutamate). Mature spermatids (greater than
      stage 8) and other heterogenous fractions of testicular cells prepared by the
      same method also show inhibition by thioglucose of incorporation of phenylalanine
      into protein so that it is not possible to say that the effect is confined to
      spermatids although it is most pronounced in these cells. Inhibition of protein
      synthesis in vitro is also observed when thioglucose was administered in vivo (33
      mg/kg body wt./day). This change occurs at the minimal dose observed by other
      workers to produce arrest of spermatogenesis and hence infertility.

PMID- 974140
TI  - Membrane associated phospholipoproteins of Bacillus lichenformis 749.
AB  - The membrane-bound penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C is a
      phospholipoprotein that differs from the hydrophilic exoenzyme in that its
      polypeptide chain carries an additional 25 residues (mostly hydrophilic) with
      phosphatidylserine as the NH2-terminus. To determine if other phospholipoproteins
      are present in the plasma membrane, the penicillinase-inducible strain 749 was
      grown without inducer in the presence of [2-(3)H] glycerol. Electrophoretic
      separation of the membrane proteins (after removal of free lipids) showed an
      association of 3H-activity with certain of the proteins which could not be broken
      by lipid solvents and strongly denaturing conditions. Pronase digestion of the
      membrane proteins (after solvent extraction) released phosphatidylserine, thus
      indicating the covalent linkage of protein and phospholipid. Treatment of the
      isolated membranes with trypsin solubilized the protein portion of some of the
      phospholipoproteins (as with penicillinase), but not the 3H-labelled fragment.
      Penicillinase should be considered as the first observed example of a group of
      phosphatidylserine-containing proteins present in the plasma membrane of B.
      licheniformis 749 and 749/C.

PMID- 974141
TI  - Factors affecting the compartmentalization of sodium ion within rabbit ileum in
      vitro.
AB  - (1) Net Na+ loss from rabbit ileum, stripped of its serosal muscle layers, into
      ice cold choline chloride is consistent with loss from two separate pools (rate
      constants 0.102 and 0.011 min-1). Since cell K+ is lost with a single rate
      constant, 0.0062 min-1) and inulin, a good extracellular marker, is lost with a
      single rate constant 0.082 min-1, it is inferred that the fast rate constant of
      Na loss characterizes loss from an extracellular pool and the slow constant, loss
      from an intracellular pool. (2) The [Na+] in the inulin space (extracellular) was
      calculated to be 180 +/- 13 (S.D.) mequiv. and the [Na+] in the intracellular
      space 30.4 +/- 4.1 (S.D.) medquiv., this provides evidence that the paracellular
      spaces are, at least 80 mosmol hypertonic to the external Ringer. (3) There is a
      saturable galactose-dependent increase in both the intracellular and
      extracellular [Na+]. Extracellular [Na+] is increased to 236 +/- 22 (S.D.)
      mequiv. Whilst intracellular [Na+] is increased to 42.6 +/- 8.8 (S.D.) mequiv.
      when Ringer [galactose] is 10 mM. Galactose-dependent increases in total tissue
      [Na+] can thus be attributed mainly to the increase in extracellular [Na+]. (4)
      Extracellular hypertonicity, both in the presence and absence of galactose, is
      dependent upon the [Na+] of the bathing Ringer. 0.1 mM ouabain abolishes the
      extracellular hypertonicity. This observed extracellular hypertonicity in
      normally functioning tissue may provide the driving force for transcellular
      convective flow of salt, water and sugars.

PMID- 974142
TI  - Bidirectional sodium ion movements via the paracellular and transcellular routes
      across short-circuited rabbit ileum.
AB  - 1. It has been confirmed that the agent 2,3,6-triaminopyrimidine decreases Na+
      conductance in the paracellular pathway of rabbit ileum. 2. Triaminopyrimidine
      has been used as a means of measuring transcellular bidirectional Na+ flux, and
      also, of assessing the contribution of the paracellular pathway to transepithlial
      Na+ flux. 3. Reduction of Ringer [Na+] to 25 mM or incubation with 0.1 mM ouabain
      reduces paracellular Na+ permeability. This effect may be due to lateral space
      collapse. Ringer galactose increases serosa to mucosa Na+ flux by a stimulating
      reflux through the tight junctions. A proportion of net Na+ flux in control
      tissues is due to asymmetry generated in the paracellular pathway. It is likely
      that this passive asymmetry results from an osmotic pressure gradient across the
      tight-junction. 4. Measurement of the tissue isotope specific activity ratio
      together with bidirectional transcellular Na+ fluxes allows calculation of the
      four unidirectional fluxes across the mucosal and serosal boundaries. Values
      obtained for Na+ entry (J12) and exit (J21) across the mucosal boundary are 7.97
      alnd 7.13 mumol-cm(-2)-h(-1) respectively. Entry flux (J12) is a saturable
      function of Ringer [Na+]. The calculated Km is 295 mM and the V is 17.6 mumul-cm(
      2)-h(-1). Na+ entry flux is insensitive to ouabain (0.1 mM). Ouabain results in
      elevation of exit (J21) flux of Na+ across the brush border. D-Galactose causes a
      saturable increase in Na+ flux (J12) across the mucosal boundary; the Km for this
      relationship is 1.2 mM and the V 2.17 mumol-cm(-2)-h(-1). The stoichiometry
      between sugar and Na+ entry is applixmately 1:1. In contrast to the effect of
      galactose on entry flux, no change in Na+ efflux across the mucosal boundary is
      observed when Ringer [galactose] is raised. This finding is dissonant with the
      prediction of the Na+ -gradient hypothesis. The calculated values of exit (J23)
      and entry (J32) Na+ fluxes across the serosal border are 16.74 and 15.90 mumol
      cm(-2)-h(-1). 0.1 mM ouabain markedly reduces both these unidirectional fluxes.
      This result is consistent with a serosal location of the Na+-pump. Serosal Na+
      exit flux J23 increases as a hyperbolic function of Ringer [galactose]. A small
      galactose-dependent decrease in entry (J32) is also observed. 0.1 mM ouabain
      abolishes these galactose-dependent changes. 5. The present findings together
      with those in the previous paper are discussed in relation to the convective
      diffusion model for sugar transport.

PMID- 974143
TI  - Phospholipid membrane stabilization by dimethylsulfoxide and other inducers of
      Friend leukemic cell differentiation.
AB  - A large number of low molecular weight polar cryoprotective agents have recently
      been found to induce erythroid differentiation of Friend leukemic cells in vitro.
      The effect of these agents on membrane fluidity in phospholipid vesicles was
      studied by determining the solid-to-liquid crystalline phase transition using
      differential scanning calorimetry. Some of the inducing agents studies were found
      to raise the normal transition temperature (Tc) by a few degrees. All of these
      agents were found to produce a separate transition at a much higher temperature.
      Changes in the head group of the phospholipid, the pH, the presence of divalent
      cations, and the addition of other membrane-active compounds were found to
      significantly influence the inducing agent's effects on the Tc of phospholipid
      membranes. The ability of the different agents to produce a new transition at a
      high temperature was found to correlate well with their ability to induce Friend
      leukemic cell differentiation. The possible mechansims of action of the chemical
      inducers, and the significance of the observed membrane effects on
      differentiation and malignancy are discussed. It is concluded that inducing
      agents decrease the fluidity and stabilize phospholipid membranes, and that their
      effects in cell differentiation might be initiated by a similar change in the
      properties of cell membranes.

PMID- 974144
TI  - Characteristics of changes in the intracellular potential associated with
      transport of neutral, dibasic and acidic amino acids in Triturus proximal tubule.
AB  - (1)Introduction of L-alanine and L-lysine into the lumen of the proximal tubule
      of Triturus kidney evoked an immediate and sustained depolarization of the
      peritubular membrane potential (Epm) and a small increase in the transtubular
      potential (Ett). L-Aspartate had no effect. (2) The alanine-induced
      depolarization was absolutely dependent on the presence of Na+, whereas the
      lysine-induced one was partially dependent on Na+. In the absence of Na+, alanine
      usually evoked a transient hyperpolarization of the Epm, while lysine evoked a
      diffusion potential-like PD change. (3) Addition of alanine or lysine to the
      peritubular fluid did not cause any immediate change in the Epm, but the cells
      depolarized with a marked time delay. The delayed depolarization could be
      ascribed to the entrance of amino acids into the lumen through the nephrostromes
      and the paracellular pathways. (4) Cellular uptake of alanine and lysine was
      partially dependent on Na+, while that of aspartate was completely dependent on
      Na+. (5) Characteristics of the observed electrical events were explained in
      terms of the differences in the charge transfer associated with transport of
      these amino acids across the luminal membrane.

PMID- 974145
TI  - Antifolate transport in L1210 leukemia cells. Kinetic evidence for the non
      identity of carriers for influx and efflux.
AB  - The kinetics of methotrexate transport in L1210 cells are described. Data derived
      from the measurmenets of initial influx, the complete time-course of uptake,
      intracellular steady-state level and unidirectional efflux were found to be
      consistent with a simple empirical equation containing three constants.
      Properties of the system include the following: (1) saturability of initial
      influx: (2) approach to steady state during uptake is exponential; (3) the half
      time for drug uptake is independent of external concentration and equal to half
      time for efflux; and (4) transport is concentrative at low external
      concentrations, whereas the reverse is true at high external concentrations.
      These observations are incorporated into a kinetic model which quantitatively
      accounts for the data on the basis of the hypothesis that influx and efflux take
      place via different carriers.

PMID- 974146
TI  - Membrane transport properties of bovine articular cartilage.
AB  - The thermodynamic parameters which define transport of nonelectrolytes through
      bovine articular cartilage membranes were evaluated. H3HO, glucose and sucrose
      were used as permeants. These solutes permeate more readily through the upper
      layers (near the articular surface) than through the denser deeper layers
      approaching bone. Cartilage is similar in many respects to a swollen cellulose
      gel. Viscous-flow contributes importantly to transport within cartilage thus
      greatly enhancing the movement of nutrients.

PMID- 974147
TI  - Active transport of butyrobetaine and carnitine into isolated liver cells.
AB  - 1. The liver cells lose the major part of their carnitine during the commonly
      used isolation procedure by the collagenase-perfusion method. 2. The cells take
      up carnitine and the carnitine precursor butyrobetaine when these substances are
      added to the medium. The carnitine content of isolated liver cells can increase
      to about 15 mM with no apparent harm to the cells. 3. The data indicate the
      existence of a common carrier in the plasma membrane which mediates the uphill
      transport of both carnitine and butyrobetaine. The carrier has a high affinity
      for butyrobetaine (Km=0.5 mM) and a lower one for carnitine (Km=5.6 mM). 4. The
      intracellular butyrobetaine is hydroxylated to carnitine with a rate of
      approximately 0.33 mumol-g wet weight-1-h-1 which is sufficient to cover the turn
      over of carnitine in the whole rat. Carnitine is effectively esterified in the
      liver cells to acetylcarnitine and long-chain acylcarnitines. 5. Both carnitine
      and acetylcarnitine are released from the cells. The release of both compounds is
      probably physiological since it was found that acetylcarnitine constitutes a
      similar fraction of the total acid soluble carnitine both in the blood and liver
      of the intact rat.

PMID- 974148
TI  - Identification of the milk fat globule membrane proteins. I. Isolation and
      partial characterization of glycoprotein B.
AB  - The salt soluble proteins from the fat globule membrane of cow's milk were
      resolved into three fractions by Sephadex column chromatography in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. One of the fractions, termed glycoprotein B, was purified by
      rechromatography to essentially one band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis. It was found to contain 14% carbohydrate including sialic acid,
      mannose, galactose, glucose, glucosamine and galactosamine. The amino acid
      composition of glycoprotein B was determined; it has amino terminal serine and
      carboxyl terminal leucine. The molecular weight of this glycoprotein as estimated
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis is 49 500.

PMID- 974149
TI  - Scorpion neurotoxin. Mode of action on neuromuscular junctions and synaptosomes.
AB  - Electrophysiological analysis of the effects of scorpion toxin I, one of the
      neurotoxins from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector, upon
      crayfish neuromuscular junctions has shown that the toxin strongly associates
      with the nerve terminal to stimulate release of neurotransmitters. The
      biochemical approach has shown that the binding of scorpion toxin I to rat brain
      synaptosomes is accompanied by a decrease in their capacity to accumulate gamma
      aminobutyric acid. The main effect of the toxin is to stimulate neurotransmitter
      release. The apparent dissociation constant of the toxin-receptor complex is 0.1
      0.2 muM at 22 degrees C. The rate of dissociation is so slow that complex
      formation seems to be quasi-irreversible. The "quasi-irreversibility" has also
      been observed in electrophysiological experiments with the crayfish neuromuscular
      junction. Tetrodotoxin prevents scorpion toxin I action if it is incubated with
      synaptosomes or with crayfish neuromuscular junctions before scorpion toxin I
      application. Tetrodotoxin does not reverse scorpion toxin action if it is added
      to the preparation after scorpion toxin I. Prevention of scorpion toxin action by
      tetrodotoxin permits measurements of binding characteristics of this toxin to
      synaptosomes. The dissociation constant of the tetrodotoxin-receptor complex is
      2.2 nM at 22 degrees C. No cooperativity is observed in the binding. Because of
      its high affinity for synaptosomes (and the "quasi-irreversibility" of the
      binding), scorpion toxin I appears to be a potentially excellent tool for further
      studies of the molecular mechanism of neurotransmitter secretion.

PMID- 974150
TI  - Interaction of retinol and intestinal microvillus membranes studied by
      flourescence polarization.

PMID- 974151
TI  - Phosphorylation in isolated chloroplasts coupled to dichlorophenyldimethylurea
      insensitive silicomolybdate reduction.
AB  - 1. The electron transport in isolated chloroplasts with silicomolybdate as
      electron acceptor has been reinvestigated. The silicomolybdate reduction has been
      directly measured as deltaA750 or indirectly as O2 evolution (in the presence or
      absence of ferricyanide). 2. Silicomolybdate-dependent O2 evolution is inhibited
      to a similar extent by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) 1, 1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or
      dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB), indicating the existence of two different sites of
      silicomolybdate reduction: one before the DCMU block (i.e. at Photosystem II) and
      one after the DBMIB block (i.e. at Photosystem I). 3. Silicomolybdate-dependent
      O2 evolution is coupled to ATP synthesis with an ATP/2e- ratio of 1.0 to 1.1. The
      presence of ferricyanide inhibits this ATP synthesis (ATP/2e- ratio then is about
      0.3). 4. Silicomolybdate-dependent O2 evolution is also coupled to ATP-synthesis
      in the presence of DCMU with an ATP/2e- ratio of 0.6-0.8 characteristic of Site
      II; in this case the electron transport itself is not affected by uncouplers or
      energy-transfer inhibitors. 5. The data are interpreted as a further
      demonstration that the water-splitting reaction is responsible for the
      conservation of energy at Photosystem II.

PMID- 974152
TI  - Light-induced absorption changes in photosystem I at low temperatures.
AB  - Light-induced absorption changes associated with the primary photochemical
      reaction and dark relaxation in Photosystem I were measured at various low
      temperatures. A possible temperature-dependent long-range electron tunneling
      process was suggested to account for the unique temperature dependence of the
      dark decay process. The kinetics of the light-induced absorption changes are in
      good agreement with the light-induced EPR changes reported earlier (Ke, B.,
      Sugahara, K., Shaw, E.R., Hansen, R. E., Hamilton, W. D. and Beinert, H. (1974)
      Biochim, Biophys. Acta 368, 401--408) for the same Photosystem I subchloroplast
      fragment at comparable temperatures. All absorption changes between 400 and 725
      nm at 86degreesK have identical kinetics. The light-minus-dark difference
      spectrum is very similar to that of P-700 at room temperature, with an additional
      prominent positive change at 690 nm. Possible contributions by P-430 to the blue
      and red spectral changes were discussed. It was demonstrated that the intensity
      of the measuring beam has a drastic effect on the light-induced absorption
      changes of Photosystem I at low temperatures. Various pretreatments of the
      Photosystem I fragments such as those that photochemically (or chemically)
      oxidize the primary donor or photoreduce the primary acceptor abolish the
      subsequent photochemical reaction. Continuous illumination of the Photosystem I
      fragments before and during freezing has the same effect. In the temperature
      range of --20 to --60degreesC, an unusual counter absorption change as well as a
      counter EPR change were observed.

PMID- 974153
TI  - Positional distribution of fatty acids in rabbit lung phospholipids and
      triacylglycerols and effect of prolonged hyperoxy.
AB  - Investigations have been carried out for the determination of the effect of high
      oxygen concentration in inspired gas mixutre on the positional distribution of
      fatty acids in rabbit lung phospholipids and triacylglycerols. The following
      results were obtained: 1. In the phosphatidylcholine fraction, the high oxygen
      concentration caused a quantitative increase of palmitic acid (16 : 0) at the
      alpha-position, and of myristic (14 : 0), heptadecenic (17 : 1) and arachidonic
      (20 : 4) acids at the beta-position. 2. In t-e phosphatidylethanolamine fraction,
      the high oxygen concentration caused an increase of oleic acid (18 : 1) at the
      alpha-position, and of palmitoleic (16 : 1) and heptadecenic (17 : 1) acids at
      the beta-position. 3. In the triacylglycerol fraction such changes were not
      observed. In connection with these effects of oxygen, its possible influence on
      membrane structures in the lung has been discussed.

PMID- 974154
TI  - How valine deprivation and its reversal affect fatty acid metabolism in HeLa
      cells.
AB  - A protocol based on radio gas chromatography demonstrates that when HeLa cells
      are deprived of valine for short periods of time (6-7.5 h), their overall fatty
      acid biosynthetic activity is depressed after a latency of a few hours. The
      transfer of newly synthesized fatty acyl units to phospholipids is curtailed much
      faster than their transfer to triacyglycerols. Despite the cut-back in fatty acid
      biosynthesis, valine deprivation causes a lipid accumulation in the cells. Valine
      deprivation appears to affect de novo synthesis of fatty acid units from acetate
      more rapidly than desaturation and elongation. When valine is returned to the
      valine-deprived culture, overall fatty acid biosynthesis is resumed well within 2
      h. Newly synthesized fatty acyl units are transferred to both the phospholipids
      and the 1,2-diacylglycerols of the cells but not initially to the
      triacylglycerols.

PMID- 974155
TI  - Impaired ganglioside synthesis in rat liver after D-galactosamine administration
      in vivo.
AB  - D-Galactosamine reduces the hepatic content of uridine phosphates, UDP-galactose,
      and UDPglucose due to an accumulation of UDP-amino sugars; this deficiency can
      result in severe hepatocellular damage. Alterations of glycosphingolipid
      synthesis in the early phase of this pathogenic process were studied by
      measurements of the incorporation of labeled galactose into glycosphingolipids of
      rat liver. [1-14C]Galactose was injected 2 h after galactosamine administration
      and the specific radioactivities of the glycosphingolipid precursors,
      UCPgalactose and UDPglucose, were determined. The specific radioactivity of
      UDPgalactose, when integrated over the whole period of radioactive synthesis, was
      four times higher in the galactosamine-treated animals than in the controls; the
      corresponding ratio of UDPglucose was 0.85. The pattern of the glycosphingolipids
      isolated from the livers of normal and galactosamine-treated rats resembled that
      described by Siddiqui and Hakomori (1970, Cancer Res. 30, 2930-2936); GL1,
      GM3,GM1, GD1, and a small amount of GT could be characterized. The specific
      radioactivities of glucose and galactose obtained from individual
      glycosphingolipids were determined in normal and galactosamine-treated livers.
      The synthesis of the glycosphingolipids was calculated using the respective data
      of the UDPhexoses. The labeling of glucosylceramide (GL1) was not altered and
      only a small change of GM3 could be detected; the synthesis of gangliosides GM1
      and GD1, however, was inhibited by 95% or more between 4 and 6 h after
      galactosamine administration.

PMID- 974156
TI  - Feed-back control of cholesterol synthesis in partially hepatectomized rats.
AB  - Partial hepatectomy caused a marked stimulation of cholesterol and fatty acid
      syntheses without affecting serum total cholesterol, total phospholipid and
      triacylglycerol concentrations of rats so far examined 48 h after the operation.
      Serum free cholesterol level, however, was increased by the treatment and the
      ratio of lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine was concomitantly
      decreased, suggesting the impairment of serum lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity. The lipid content in the liver, especially
      triacylglycerol and ester cholesterol, was increased markedly by the operation.
      Feeding of a high cholesterol diet which elevated serum cholesterol and
      phospholipid levels to the partially hepatectomized rats, accelerated the
      accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerol and ester cholesterol by the partial
      hepatectomy. The weight of the regenerating liver was not influenced by
      cholesterol feeding, which suggested that cholesterol feeding did not inhibit the
      regeneration mechanism of the liver. The increase of cholesterol synthesis after
      partial hepatectomy was inhibited by cholesterol feeding. Therefore, it is
      conceivable that the negative feed-back control of cholesterol synthesis is
      induced by cholesterol feeding under the stimulated cell divisions of the liver
      after partial hepatectomy. It is suggested from the present data that a large
      amount of the cholesterol which is necessary for cell growth can be taken up from
      serum, when serum cholesterol concentration is high.

PMID- 974157
TI  - Partial purification and properties of the fatty acid elongation systems in the
      outer and inner membranes of beef liver mitochondria.
AB  - Purified outer membrane of beef liver mitochondria was found to elongate medium
      chain fatty acyl-CoA primer by the incorporation of [1-14C]acetyl-CoA. This
      enzymic activity, extracted by Triton X-100, was purified 8-fold by ammonium
      sulfate fractionation followed by chromatography on a Sephadex column. Purified
      inner membrane, when processed through an identical purification procedure,
      yielded a second enzyme system which incorporated [1-14C]acetyl-CoA into long
      chain fatty acids in the presence of medium chain fatty acyl-CoA primer. This
      enzyme preparation was about four times as active as the preparation from the
      outer membrane, and used NADH as the reductant for the synthesis. The molecular
      weights of the inner and the outer membrane enzyme systems, estimated by gel
      filtration as well as sucrose density gradient centrifugation, were approx. 57
      000 and 126 000, respectively. The partially purified outer membrane enzyme
      system required NADH and a medium chain acyl-CoA primer for the incorporation of
      [1-14C]acetyl-CoA into long chain fatty acids. KNC stimulated the reaction. NADPH
      could  substitute for NADH only to a limited extent. Malonyl-CoA was ineffective
      as a substrate in this reaction. The optimum pH of the reaction was 7.2-7.6 in
      0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer. Dithiothreitol, beta-mercaptoethanol, N
      ethylmaleimide and high concentrations of ATP and acyl-CoA primer inhibited the
      reaction. The specificity for the acyl-CoA primer in the reaction was very broad.
      All the primers tested, C8 to C16, incorporated acetyl-CoA significantly.
      However, maximum incorporation was observed with dodecanoyl-CoA. Decanoyl-CoA was
      the best primer for the enzyme system isolated from the inner membrane. About 42%
      of the radioactivity in the fatty acids synthesized by the outer membrane enzyme
      system, from myristoyl-CoA and [1-C14]acetyl-CoA, was in palmitic acid. Of the
      remaining activity, 41% was in stearic acid and about 38% in longer-chain acids.
      Hence, the elongation of the primer fatty acid by one C2 unit appeared to be the
      predominant process in this synthesis. In the elongation of myristoyl-C0A by the
      inner membrane enzyme system, palmitic acid which constituted nearly 78% of the
      fatty acids synthesized, was the primary product.

PMID- 974158
TI  - The principles and methods of cell synchronization in cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 974159
TI  - [Cathepsin D from horse spleen. I. Purification and study of certain
      physicochemical properties].
AB  - Horse spleen cathepsin D (3.4.23.5.) was purified from crude extract by sodium
      chloride and ethanol precipitation, column chromatography fractionation on DEAE
      cellulose and CM Sephadex, re-chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel
      filtration. The enzyme has been purified about 3.000 folds with a yield of 30 per
      cent. The purified enzyme seems to be homogeneous on Sephadex G100, one protein
      band is apparent on disc electrophoresis. Determined by dansylation the N
      terminal amino acid is glycine. A molecular weight of 42,500 +/- 3,000 was
      obtained with Sephadex G100 gel filtration and light scattering measurements.
      Amino acid analysis and chemical determinations were performed: cathepsin D is a
      glycoprotein (2 or 3 osamine residues) including 344 amino acids and 4 disulfide
      bonds. Spectrophotometric data show that E1cm/1 mg/ml = 1.01 at lambda = 280 nm.
      ORD measurements indicate about 20 per cent of helicoidal content in the
      molecule.

PMID- 974160
TI  - The use of cross-linked amylose in establishing the alpha- or beta-amylase
      activity of an amylolytic preparation.

PMID- 974161
TI  - The N-terminal sequence of human serum transferrin.

PMID- 974162
TI  - Ultrastructure of the atypic muscles associated with terminalial inversion in
      male Aedes aegypti (L).
AB  - Two sets of opposed, crossed muscles are present in the rotating region of the
      abdomen in male A. aegypti. These muscles undergo changes during rotation of the
      genitalia that suggest they function as the driving force for rotation. During
      this rotation, one muscle of each set contracts and the opposed one becomes
      elongated. The contracting muscles are atypic physiologically. They contract from
      300 mum to about 69 mum, and this requires a period of 18 to 24 hours. They
      shorten only once and those muscle fibers still present after the completion of
      rotation remain in a contracted condition at least for two weeks. The elongated
      muscles never shorten; they become stretched to approximately 2.5 times their
      original length and disappear soon after rotation is completed.

PMID- 974163
TI  - Permeability of trout erythrocytes to nonelectrolytes.
AB  - Using a densimeter technique, a kinetic analysis was made, employing both
      entrance and exit studies, of the permeability of erythrocytes of brook trout
      (Salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), German brown trout
      (Salmo trutta) and cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) to glycerol, ethylene glycol,
      thiourea and urea. All of the data indicate that these four nonelectrolytes cross
      the membrane of the erythrocytes of these four species of fishes by simple
      diffusion only.

PMID- 974164
TI  - Histochemical changes in gonadal nutrient reserves correlated with nutrition in
      the sea stars, Pisaster ochraceus and Patiria miniata.
AB  - 1. Pisaster ochraceus has an annual reproductive cycle in which the gonads
      increase in size rapidly from October or November and reach a maximum in March to
      May, after which spawning occurs. In Patiria miniata the gonadal cycle is less
      pronounced and less regular. In the course of this study, animals spawned in July
      1965, May 1966, and May 1967. 2. Histochemical techniques indicate that in both
      species glycogen or a glycogen-like carbohydrate occurs in the germinal
      epithelium and the follicle cells of the female, and in the spermatogonia and
      primary spermatocytes. A storage carbohydrate which is not removed by diastase or
      amylase is abundant in oocytes in the form of yolk granules 0.5 to 1.5 mu in
      diameter. 3. Neutral lipid droplets and phospholipid granules are abundant in all
      oocytes but the smallest. In the testes, lipid droplets are seen only after
      prolonged starvation. 4. In both species prolonged starvation results in failure
      of the gonads to achieve their normal size increase. Such gametes as are seen in
      starving speciments appear histochemically normal in some instances; in other
      cases they seem to be undergoing breakdown. 5. The histochemical results
      concerning nutrient reserves of the gonads are generally in agreement with the
      biochemical findings of earlier workers.

PMID- 974165
TI  - Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding: I. Parallel development
      and coding of neural feature detectors.

PMID- 974166
TI  - Dynamic characteristics of the receptive field of L-cells for monochromatic
      lights.

PMID- 974167
TI  - [A model for the calculation of auditory difference limens of phase (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 974168
TI  - Average evoked brain potential comparison on the basis of spectral and coherency
      functions.

PMID- 974169
TI  - [Conformational heterogeneity of tRNA, detected in the reaction of guanine bases
      with ketoxal].
AB  - The study of kinetic characteristics of the reaction of tRNA guanine bases with
      kethoxal has shown that temperature, ionic strength and Mg2+ ions, i.e. factors
      directly affecting the spatial structure of tRNA, influence also on its internal
      modification. The modification degree under stabilized spatial tRNA structure
      depends also on the concentration of kethoxal and is expressed in fractional
      values of the number of modified guanosine residues per tRNA molecule, which
      indicates the heterogeneity of tRNA for the modification degree. Chromatography
      of tRNA1 Val preparation on BD cellulose after the exhaustive modification with
      kethoxal under conditions of stabilized spatial structure has revealed a fraction
      of molecules completely resistant to the modificator, and a fraction containing
      differently modified tRNA molecules. tRNA heterogeneity after the reaction with
      kethoxal (the presence of resistant and reactive forms) indicates conformational
      heterogeneity of tRNA, expressed in the simultaneous presence of at least two
      conformer families.

PMID- 974170
TI  - [Structure of electrochemically reduced adenine nucleotides. Their interaction
      with inorganic phosphate].
AB  - The stable reduced form of adenosine phosphates has probably cyclic or dimeric
      structure of the type: adenine "head"--phosphate "end". Inorganic phosphate
      produce a stabilyzing effect on reduced adenosine due to a strong ionic
      interaction with the amino group. In the case of reduced ADP, inorganic phosphate
      can incorporate into adenine nucleotide, which oxidation results in the formation
      of small amounts of ATP. A scheme of possible mechanism of this process is given.

PMID- 974171
TI  - [Method of detecting intact chloroplasts not contaminated with other cell
      components].

PMID- 974172
TI  - [Heterogeneity of crystalline antithyroid phytoprecipitin].
AB  - The crystalline preparation of antithyroid phytoprecipitin has been resolved by
      chromatography on Whatman CM-32 cellulose on a preparative scale into two
      components, designed respectively A and B. Each component was further resolved
      into consisting polypeptide chains alpha (mol. weight 7.000) and beta (mol.
      weight 17.000) by gel filtration on sephadex G-50 in 1 M acetic acid 6 M urea.
      Homologous chains were comparatively studied by electrophoresis in acrylamide
      gel, amino acid analysis and peptide mapping technique. Electrophoresis in
      acrylamide gel with 6 M urea according to Takayama [8] revealed the identical
      mobility of beta chains in both components A and B, while alpha chains differed.
      alphaA chain was more basic, than alphaB, i.e. it had greater positive sharge.
      The amino acid analysis and peptide mapping showed that alphaA chain had one
      residue of lysine more than alphaB chain. The comparison of beta chains by peptid
      mapping confirmed their complete identity.

PMID- 974173
TI  - [Localization of pyruvic acid in the histidine decarboxylase of Micrococcus sp.
      n].
AB  - A fragment containing the pyruvic acid residue is isolated from hymotryptic
      hydrolyzate of alpha-polypeptide chain of carboxymethylated histidine
      decarboxylase (HD) 14C-phenylhydrasone. The pyruvate residue is estimated to be
      bind with alpha-amino group of N-terminal phenylalanine in alpha-polypeptide
      chain. N-terminal alanine is found in HD alpha-polypeptide chain after its
      reductive amination. It makes possible to determine the estimation of N-terminal
      amino acid sequence in HD alpha-chain.

PMID- 974174
TI  - [Comparative study of myosin and DTNB-treated myosin with regard to ATP activity
      and fluorescence].
AB  - When studying enzymic and fluorescence properties of myosin and DTNB-treated
      myosin in the presence of K+, Na+, Li+, NH4+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations the following
      results were obtained. By the intrinsic protein fluorescence techniques no
      essential structural changes of myosin molecule at the dissociation of the DTNB
      light chain and activation myosin ATPase in the presence of different cations
      were found. The decrease of K+-EDTA-, the increase of Mg2+-activated and the
      stability of Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase may be the result of the modification
      of SH1 or SH2 sulfhydryl groups when treating the DTNB myosin in our conditions.
      The different level of decrease of the K+- and NH4+-activated myosin. ATPase may
      be explained by the fact, that myosin sulfhydryl groups have different effects on
      the activation of its ATPase by these cations.

PMID- 974175
TI  - [Separation of leghemoglobin from the nodules of lupine, Lupinus luteus L., into
      components].
AB  - The crude leghaemoglobin suspension from root nodules of yellow lupine (Lupinus
      luteus L.) was separated into five fractions: I, IIa and IIb, IIIa and IIIb using
      the chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (numbered following the elution order). The
      visible absorption spectra show that fractions I, IIa and IIIa are met
      leghaemoglobins while IIb and IIIb are oxy-forms. IIb and IIIb were converted to
      IIa and IIIa respectively when oxidized with potassium ferricyanide. The
      determination of two first N-terminal amino acids confirms the identity of pairs
      IIa-IIb and IIIa-IIIb. Three components of leghaemoglobin were obtained having
      the following N-terminal amino acids: Gly-Val- (the first), Gly-Ala- (the
      second), Ala-Val- (the third). The molecular weights obtained by Archibald's
      method are 17 900, 17 600, 18 800 respectively. The second leghaemoglobin species
      which contains more than 50% of the starting protein mixture was used to grow
      crystals for X-ray study of the tertiary structure of this protein.

PMID- 974176
TI  - [Pathways of corticosteroid biosynthesis in human adrenals (Itsenko-Cushing
      disease)].
AB  - Pregnenolone and its hydroxyl derivatives are of dominant importance in cortisol
      and corticosterone synthesis in human adrenals (hyperplasic glands and adenomes)
      removed in Itsenko-Kushing disease. Progesterone is produced in minimal amounts
      and is nearly not used for steroidogenesis. Participation of 17,21
      dihydroxypregnenolone in cortisol synthesis is demonstrated. 17
      hydroxyprogesterone is found not to take an important part as cortisol precursor.
      21-hydroxypregnenolone is an essential intermediate in corticosterone synthesis.
      11-hydroxyprogesterone does not participate in corticosteroids formation, since
      the rate of progesterone 11-hydroxylation in human adrenal mitochondria is
      minimal.

PMID- 974177
TI  - [Isolation of cytochrome b556 from the membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus
      bacteria].
AB  - Proteins and cytochrome b556 were solubilized from Micrococcus lysodeikticus
      membranes using Triton X-100 treatment. Passing of this preparation through DEAE
      cellulose column in the presence of Triton X-100 made possible to isolate
      cytochrome b556 from other membrane cytochromes and to purify it up to the
      content of 2.3 nmol per mg of protein. The prostetic group of cytochrome b556 is
      determined to be protoheme for the spectrum of alkaline pyridinehemochrome.

PMID- 974178
TI  - [Effect of univalent cations on the glutamate dehydrogenase of chlorella].
AB  - Effect of univalent cations (Li+, K+, Na+ and Cs+) on the activity and some
      kinetic properties of the constitutive and the inducible glutamate dehydrogenases
      (GDH) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Pringsheim 82T has been studied. All the cations
      used activate the inducible GDH and produced no such effect on the constitutive
      GDH. From the analysis of the kinetic behaviour in the presence of K+ the
      conclusion was made that K+ promotes and stabilyzes a catalitically advantagenous
      conformation of the inducible GDH. This phenomenon appears to have a
      physiological meaning, because of a higher K+ concentration in Chlorella cells
      (about 0.1 M) and its important role in metabolism.

PMID- 974179
TI  - [Antagonism in the action of hydrocortisone and insulin in vivo on enzymes of
      pyruvate and malate metabolism in adipose tissue].
AB  - Alloxan diabetes and injections of hydrocortisone into intact animals for 5-7
      days resulted in a sharp decrease of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase in rat
      epididymal adipose tissue. Combined injection of insulin and hydrocortisone did
      not produce the decrease of the enzyme activity. Insulin injections into alloxan
      diabetic rats recovered the activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase up to the
      control. Pyruvate kinase activity was decreased under diabetes, and insulin
      injections produced further decrease of the enzyme activity in diabetic rats.
      Activities of lactate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase were
      less decreased under diabetes. Comparison of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes
      spectrum in adipose tissue of normal and diabetic rats revealed a considerable
      increase of LDH-1 and a decrease of LDH-4 under diabetes. Insulin injections
      greatly normalized LDH isoenzyme spectrum.

PMID- 974180
TI  - [Frequency distribution of pyrimidine isopliths in the DNA of actinophage F448
      and Actinomyces coelicolor 66].
AB  - Base composition distribution of pyrimidine isopliths with general formula
      PyrnPn+1 in DNA of Actinomyces coelicolor 66 Kras. and in DNK of its actinophage
      F448 were investigater. These DNAs differ both pyrimidine isoplith distribution
      and in composition. The quality of shorter pyrimidine tracts in Actinomyces
      coelicolor DNA is higher compared with that in actinophage F448 DNA. The
      possibility of exogenic origin of actinophage F448 is discussed.

PMID- 974181
TI  - [Extraction and properties of microcapsulated alpha-chymotrypsin].
AB  - A method of microencapsulating of the proteolytic enzyme alpha-chymotrypsin into
      semi-permeable nylon membranes is worked out. The membrane is a polimer of 1,6
      hexamethylenediamine and sebacoyl chloride. alpha-Chymotrypsin is enclosed into
      the capsule together with polyethyleneimine, capable of joining the walls of
      microcapsules and making the membrane more stable. The optimal concentrations of
      polyenthyleneimine and alpha-chymotrypsin are 5% and 1% correspondingly. The
      highest yield of microencapsulated enzyme was obtained for completely acetylated
      delta-chymotrypsin. The kinetic properties of microencapsulated alpha
      chymotrypsin change very slightly as compared to those of the native one.

PMID- 974182
TI  - [Isoelectric focusing of plasma membrane proteins from Strongylocentrotus
      intermedius sea urchin embryo cells].
AB  - 14C-amino acids were introduced into the developing sea urchin embryos S.
      intermedius in 7,5 hours after the fertilization (middle blastula stage). In 30
      min the embryos development were terminated, the plasma membrane was isolated and
      14C-labelled proteins were recovered from the membrane with 8 M urea and
      separated by isoelectrofocusing in pH gradient 3,5-10 in presence of 6 M urea.
      All 14C-label was introduced into two proteins with pI 4,85-4,90 and 5,20-5,25
      and the proteins were effectively separated. The minimal molecular weight of the
      proteins estimated by SDS-acrylamide gel-electrophoresis was 10 000 and 15 000
      daltons, respectively.

PMID- 974183
TI  - Amino acid uptake by fetal kidney slices.
AB  - Kidney slices of 7-17-week-old human fetuses were incubated for 90 min or less in
      Krebs-Ringer solution containing aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). Cell to medium
      ratios of AIB decrease with increasing fetal age. Uptake rate is slower than for
      mature human tissue. Both water content and extracellular space is high in
      embryonic tissue as compared to adult.

PMID- 974184
TI  - A survey of X chromatin in the newborn.
AB  - Buccal smears were analyzed for X chromatin in 1,000 newborn infants. The mean
      percentage of X chromatin in the 506 female infants was 39.5 (range 19-61) and in
      the 494 males 0.13 (range 0-3.0). Evaluation of the data comparing the percentage
      of X chromatin with caucasian and noncaucasian infants, the weight of the
      newborn, and the gestation time, indicated no significant differences within the
      male or female populations. A longitudinal study on 25 female infants for the
      first 4 days postpartum indicated a significant increase in the percentage of X
      chromatin in females.

PMID- 974185
TI  - Blood lipids during normal and early weaning in rats.
AB  - In young rats reared with their mothers, a gradual increase of serum cholesterol,
      triglycerides, phospholipids and total lipids was found between the 7th and the
      18th to 22nd postnatal day. Then the concentrations of lipids gradually decrease.
      Early weaning at the 18th postnatal day causes a precocious decrease of the
      concentration of all studied lipids in blood so that their values on days 22 and
      26 are significantly lower than in animals weaned on the 30th postnatal day. The
      body weight of early weaned rats decreases only slightly and returns to normal by
      the 30th day. The changes in serum lipids after early weaning are caused by
      differences in the amount of cholesterol and other lipids in breast milk, in
      comparison with those in the standard laboratory diet. Perhaps they may
      participate in disturbing the homeostatic equilibrium of cholesterol in early
      weaned rats.

PMID- 974186
TI  - Lack of correlation between clinical data and growth hormone concentrations in
      cord blood.
AB  - Growth hormone concentrations were measured in 182 umbilical cord blood samples
      taken at the time of birth. The mean value in 165 full-term, normal weight
      infants was 31.5 +/- 25.9 ng/ml SD. 14 prematures had significantly higher levels
      (50.0 +/- 38.4 p less than 0.01). There were no statistically significant
      correlations to any of the following parameters: complication of pregnancy by
      toxaemia, duration of labour, presence of umbilical cord contortion, perinatal
      distress, Apgar index, mode of delivery, body weight, body length, ratio of
      weight to length, and blood glucose. There was a wide scatter of individual
      values in this study as well as in previous investigations. We think it unlikely
      that those variations are purely accidental. Hence, yet undefined factors must
      play a major role in the regulation of GH secretion in the perinatal period.

PMID- 974187
TI  - Adenylate cyclase activity in human tissues.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity in liver, lung, pancreas, and heart ventricle, from
      full-term and premature newborns has been assayed. Of all tissues studied, heart
      had the highest activity. Fluoride 10 mM stimulates adenylate cyclase in all
      tissues. Glucagon evoked a small activation of liver adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 974188
TI  - A study of the permeability of the guinea pig placenta to citrate using
      recirculating placental perfusion technique.
AB  - The role of the guinea pig placenta in fetal citrate metabolism has been studied
      by perfusing the placenta in situ. The initial citrate concentrations in the
      perfusate plasma were lower than in the maternal plasma but rose progressively
      until, in some cases, they exceeded those in the mother. The rise was
      uninfluenced by intravenous administration of citrate to the mother. Citrate
      therefore does not enter the perfusate by simple diffusion from the maternal
      compartment. It may be synthesised within the placenta. From the rate of
      accumulation of citrate in the perfusate, the supply to the fetus was calculated
      to be small compared to the fetal metabolic rate. Citrate added to the perfusate
      became distributed in a space similar to the extracellular space and no change
      occurred in maternal citrate concentrations. Thus, the placenta does not appear
      to metabolise citrate or allow transport to the mother.

PMID- 974189
TI  - Effect of diet on renal response to salt challenge in neonatal piglets.
AB  - In piglets 14-40 days of age, blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate
      increased significantly with age and were lower than those reported for adult
      pigs. There was no effect of dietary salt on the maturation of these parameters
      and on tubular sodium reabsorption, although the piglets on a low salt diet had
      lower inulin space than piglets receiving higher dietary salt. After the
      completion of a 24-hour salt challenge there was little evidence of sodium
      retention and there was no effect of previous dietary salt intake on sodium
      excretion. However, salt challenge resulted in higher blood pressure and elevated
      serum sodium only in piglets on a low sodium diet. These results suggest that in
      contrast to puppies and infants, the renal response to salt challenge is
      physiologically adequate in piglets at 14-40 days although glomerular function is
      still immature. Dietary salt history appears to have little effect on the degree
      of sodium excretion during salt challenge in this age range.

PMID- 974190
TI  - Indication of increase of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in lung fluid of
      lambs maternally treated with metabolite VIII of Bisolvon.
AB  - Metabolite VIII of Bisolvon (Met. VIII) was administered to six pregnant ewes
      (i.m. daily 5 or 10 mg/kg for 7-9 days). The treatment was started at the
      116th/117th or 117th/118th day of gestation and in one case the drug was given to
      the fetus (i.v. 2 mg/ml/h). Fetal lung fluid obtained from chronically implanted
      catheters was used for the estimation of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. The
      maternal treatment with Met. VIII resulted in a significantly increased growth of
      the L/S ratio compared to the control group (n=4). In three lambs a sharp
      increase of the L/S ratio was noticed during the last days of Met. VIII
      treatment. The time gap between first treatment and noticeable effect was 6-8
      days. It is postulated that the noticed increase of L/S ratio is the consequence
      of Met. VIII treatment and very unlikely the result of a release of
      glucocorticoticoids.

PMID- 974191
TI  - Influence of oxytocin and meperidine on the isolated human umbilical artery.
AB  - The influence of oxytocin and meperidine on responses of the isolated umbilical
      artery to acetylcholine (ACh) and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was investigated.
      32 preparations from 21 normal full-term deliveries were utilized. The Bunce
      double-blade hemostat provided an excellent means to collect cord specimens with
      the least postpartal changes. A method of simultaneously measuring the resistance
      to flow and longitudinal tension in the perfused artery was found to be a
      sensitive way to register functional responses. Results showed that oxytocin
      enhanced the response of the umbilical artery to ACh and 5-HT while meperidine
      blocked the constriction produced by 5-HT. Both these effects lasted from 30 min
      to more than 2 h and were reversible.

PMID- 974192
TI  - Liquid ventilation in immature newborn rabbits.
AB  - Rabbit fetuses delivered 3 days before term were artificially ventilated with
      air, oxygen, or oxygenated liquid fluorocarbon for 1.5-3 h. Oxygenation, as
      revealed by skin colour and ECG was superior in liquid-ventilated animals. Also,
      liquid ventilation was less harmful to the bronchiolar epithelium and, in
      contrast to ventilation with gas or oxygen, did not cause the formation of
      hyaline membranes.

PMID- 974193
TI  - Heterogeneity of pituitary and endogenous plasma human growth hormone from
      fetuses, premature and full-term newborns.
AB  - Fetal and adult human growth hormone (HGH) extract from human pituitaries as well
      as plasma from premature and full-term newborns and children were submitted to
      chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and the immunoreactive HGH (IRHGH) in the elution
      fractions was determined quantitatively by radioimmunoassay. Three fractions of
      IRHGH could be differentiated according to the elution pattern: 'big-big', 'big'
      and 'little' IRHGH. In fetal pituitary extract only 'big-big' and 'little' IRHGH
      were found, whereas in adult pituitary extract all three forms of IRHGH were
      present. In the plasma samples studied no 'big-big' form was found; only 'big'
      and 'little' IRHGH appeared. In addition, plasma samples of premature newborns
      had a smaller proportion of the 'big' IRHGH than did those of the full-term
      newborns and older children.

PMID- 974194
TI  - Precursor and end product effects upon indoleamine maturation in mouse brain.
AB  - The effects of tryptophan loading and the acid transport inhibitor, probenecid,
      on the maturation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid
      (5-HIAA) have been studied in the maturing mouse brain. Tryptophan loading
      elevates already high endogenous tryptophan at all stages studied. It does not
      alter 5-HT or 5-HIAA at day 1 but does elevate levels of both at later stages.
      Probenecid does not affect 5-HT at any age or 5-HIAA at day 1, but does cause
      increasingly greater elevations of 5-HIAA at later stages. The results indicate
      that tryptophan-5-hydroxylase is substrate saturated in early postnatal stages
      but not later, and that the early postnatal brain lacks an acid transport
      mechanism for 5-HIAA egress but develops this at later stages.

PMID- 974195
TI  - Thyroid hormone and cell formation in the developing rat cerebellum.
AB  - Effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism on cell formation in the developing rat
      cerebellum were reinvestigated. Administration at birth of excessive doses of
      thyroxine or triiodothyronine led to an early stimulation of cell acquisition,
      followed by a permanent deficit of cells in the cerebellum. The corrective
      effects of physiological doses of thyroxine on the troubles of the histological
      and biochemical development of the cerebellum in thyroid-deficient animals were
      also studied. As early as 6 days, cell maturation and formation were already
      retarded in animals treated with propylthiouracil, but, as previously reported,
      cell formation was prolonged and the final number of cells was normal.
      Administration to thyroid-deficient animals of progressively increasing doses of
      thyroxine, nearly equal to the amounts of hormone secreted by the thyroid gland
      of the developing normal rat, returned the evolution of the cerebellar wet weight
      and of the cerebellar DNA to normal, as well as the histological maturation of
      the cerebellum, even if it did not entirely correct the retardation of body
      growth. These results are consistent with the view that thyroid hormone early
      stimulates maturation of the cerebellar germinative cells and subsequently
      interacts with cell formation in the cerebellum, and that this action is
      physiological.

PMID- 974196
TI  - Effects of cadmium on developing eggs of the Pacific herring with particular
      reference to carbon dioxide fixing enzymes.

PMID- 974197
TI  - Uteroglobin messenger RNA: translation in vitro.

PMID- 974198
TI  - Changes in antigenic site distribution on rabbit spermatozoa after incubation in
      "capacitating" media.

PMID- 974199
TI  - Microsurgical injection of spermatozoa into hamster eggs with subsequent
      transformation of sperm nuclei into male pronuclei.

PMID- 974200
TI  - The use of zona-free animal ova as a test-system for the assessment of the
      fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa.

PMID- 974201
TI  - The vagina: effects of progesterone pretreatment and neonatal treatment with
      estrogen or androgen on [3H] estradiol retention.

PMID- 974202
TI  - Correlation between intraluminal pressure of the oviduct and the electrical
      activity of the longitudinal peritoneal muscle in the rabbit.

PMID- 974203
TI  - A mechanism for regression of the rabbit corpus luteum: uterine-induced loss of
      luteal responsiveness to 17beta-estradiol.

PMID- 974204
TI  - Biochemical and morphological changes following artificially stimulated
      decidualization in the mouse uterus.

PMID- 974205
TI  - Sites of estrogen and progesterone facilitation of lordosis behavior in the
      spayed rat.

PMID- 974206
TI  - The ability of the intracerebral exposure to progesterone on consecutive days to
      facilitate lordosis behavior: an interaction between progesterone and estrogen.

PMID- 974207
TI  - The effects of combined dexamethasone and indomethacin treatment on the outcome
      of pregnancy in the rabbit.

PMID- 974208
TI  - Ovarian characteristics and reproductive performance of the aged cow.

PMID- 974209
TI  - Medical devices as medical problems: the regulation of devices for clinical use.
AB  - The development of statutes to regulate the safety and efficacy of medical
      devices has been proceeding rapidly. The protection of the consumer from
      dangerous and ineffective devices is obviously necessary and must be carried out
      rapidly and efficiently. The electrical shock hazard in prevalence and violence
      is a case in point. There is no question that many devices are not well made and
      not suited for the function for which they are sold. These must be controlled,
      but at the same time we must be careful not to destroy the private research and
      development efforts which are producing reliable instrumentation through over
      control and regulation.

PMID- 974210
TI  - An endoscopic carrier with complete directional control: design principles.
AB  - We describe a carrier for instruments used in endoscopy. It consists of a train
      of articulated segments whose angular displacement is controlled by a series of
      magnetic clutches. The operator guides the leading segment under view from the
      carrier's proximal end, and the guide angle is repeated automatically at the
      articulations of all following segments. This mechanism is used to lead the
      entire length of the carrier around curves or flexures. A central channel accepts
      instruments for observation and manipulation. We believe that endoscopic
      examinations particularly of the upper and the lower digestive tracts will become
      much easier to perform with this new endoscopic sonde.

PMID- 974211
TI  - An elbow orthosis.
AB  - An elbow orthosis for unilaterally handicapped persons has been developed. The
      operating principles and construction of the orthosis are described and its
      important parameters are determined. The procedure of parameter adjustment is
      given in detail and the area of application is indicated. Preliminary clinical
      results are discussed.

PMID- 974212
TI  - The measurement of urethral resistance and mural tension using simple
      programmable modules.
AB  - The theory of urethral resistance and the derivation or mural tension have been
      discussed. A method for the continuous calculation and presentation of these
      parameters has been described. Urethral resistance and mural tensions are altered
      by the presence of bladder outflow obstruction and have been shown to return to
      normality after the obstruction is removed.

PMID- 974213
TI  - A possible new sorbent dialyser for haemodialysis.
AB  - A system is proposed for haemodialysis which involves both dialysis and
      adsorption. The blood compartment is separated by a membrane from a compartment
      containing adsorbents and ion exchangers under reduced pressure. Urea is broken
      down by urease adsorbed on an ion exchanger. The ammonia produced is pumped out
      and the rest of the unwanted substances are bound to the adsorbing materials. The
      geometry and principles governing the operation of the device obviate the use of
      circulating dialysate fluid. Preliminary results from in vitro experiments with
      such a system are reported and the possibility of using this system clinically is
      discussed.

PMID- 974215
TI  - Chemically sensitive field-effect transistors.

PMID- 974214
TI  - Medical case histories by computer.

PMID- 974216
TI  - Patient monitoring in the operating theatre.
AB  - Anaesthetised patients are monitored to ensure their safety. Simple clinical
      observations must not be replaced by electronic instruments--these provide an
      extension of the clinical senses. The choice of parameters for monitoring is
      discussed. The design of the Ninewells main operating theatre suite is described.
      An 8-channel bourne in the base of the theatre table conveys patient signals to a
      4-channel recorder in a monitoring laboratory. Outputs are displayed on a wall
      mounted display in theatre. Two-way speech intercommunication exists with
      monitoring technician and students.

PMID- 974217
TI  - A prosthetic vas deferens.
AB  - Six dogs were implanted with the synthetic vas deferens device as part of our
      continuing research into the development of a reversible occlusive device for
      implant in the transected vas deferens. The experimental objectives were to
      assess the effects of sperm path length and duration of aspermia on total sperm
      count and motility by implanting three different lengths of the device in animals
      with different degrees of aspermic duration induced by bilateral vasectomy.
      Device lengths varied from 1.55 cm to 4.3 cm including the pilot tubes. The
      prosthesis is fabricated entirely of silicone rubber with Dacron velour tissue
      ingrowth material bonded to the outside surface of the ring to which vas ends are
      sutured. The pilot tubes extend 4 mm beyond the suture rings and are 0.6 mm OD
      with a 0.3 mm ID that extends through the entire length of the device. The
      flexible pilot tubes are an important feature of this design and insert into the
      vas lumen ensuring alignment between the device and the vas deferens while
      maintaining the necessary resiliency to adapt to the inherent movements of the
      vas without perforation. All animals included in these experiments were carefully
      selected and conditioned before implant. The evaluation of performance was based
      on semen samples collected at one week intervals. Sperm subsequently appeared in
      the ejaculate of all 6 dogs, demonstrating that the restoration of sperm
      transport can be restored after bilateral vasectomy through the implantation of a
      prosthetic vas deferens. The potential application of this device to the human
      male for the restoration of fertility appears excellent.

PMID- 974218
TI  - Introduction to SI-units--with special reference to pulmonary function.

PMID- 974219
TI  - [Transmissionfunction of the acceleration from the os ilium to an outside used
      acceleration sensor (author's transl)].

PMID- 974220
TI  - Concentrating engines and the kidney. III. Canonical mass balance equation for
      multinephron models of the renal medulla.
AB  - The canonical mass balance relation derived for the central core model of the
      renal medulla is extended to medullary models in which an arbitrary assemblage of
      renal tubules and vascular capillaries exchange with each other both directly and
      via the medullary interstitium and in which not all of the vascular loops or
      loops of Henle extend to the papilla. It is shown that if descending limbs of
      Henle and descending vasa recta enter the medulla at approximately plasma
      osmolality, the concentration ratio is given by: r = 1/[1 - ft(1 - fu)(1 - fw)],
      where ft is fractional solute transport out of ascending Henle's limb, fu is
      fractional urine flow, and fw is fractional dissipation; fw is a measure of the
      solute returned to the systemic circulation without its isotonic complement of
      water. A modified equation that applies to the diluting as well as the
      concentrating kidney is also derived. By allowing concentrations in interstitium
      and vascular capillaries to become identical at a given medullary level,
      conservation relations are derived for a multinephron central core model of the
      renal medulla.

PMID- 974221
TI  - Lecithin translational diffusion studied by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The translational diffusion coefficient of egg yolk and dilauroyl lecithin in
      optically isotropic phases containing sodium cholate has been measured using the
      pulsed NMR magnetic field gradient method. After a correction for geometrical
      factors the measured diffusion coefficient is found to agree well with previous
      determinations in phospholipid systems. The experimental data imply that the
      cubic mesophase of the lecithin-sodium cholate-water system contains continuous
      lipid aggregates. A possible model of the arrangement of the different amphiphile
      molecules in the cubic phase is discussed.

PMID- 974222
TI  - The interaction of the polyene antibiotic lucensomycin with cholesterol in
      erythrocyte membranes and in model systems. III. Characterization of spectral
      parameters.
AB  - The variations of optical density and fluorescence of lucensomycin are good
      indices of the binding of this polyenic antibiotic to membranes. The former
      parameter reflects more generally the binding to any site present in the
      membrane, while the latter is more specific for binding to cholesterol. The
      chromophore of the lucensomycin-cholesterol complex has a relatively long
      lifetime, is almost immobile in the membrane, and is not accessible to water
      soluble fluorescence-quenching agents. The stoichiometry, evaluated
      fluorometrically, corresponds to about two cholesterol molecules per polyene. In
      colloidal cholesterol suspensions, the extent of binding as a function of free
      polyene concentration is described by rectangular hyperbolae, the dissociation
      constant being, however, dependent on the sterol concentration. In erythrocyte
      membranes, on the other hand, and even more markedly in model systems containing
      appropriate solvents, the combination between lucensomycin and the sterol sites
      is described by sigmoid titration curves, indicative of cooperative effects, and
      probably due to solvation of cholesterol.

PMID- 974223
TI  - Dynamics of fluorescence marker concentration as a probe of mobility.
AB  - We have developed an effective experimental system for the characterization of
      molecular and structural mobility. It incorporates a modified fluorescence
      microscope geometry and a variety of analytical techniques to measure effective
      diffusion coefficients ranging over almost six orders of magnitude, from less
      than 10(-11) cm2/s to greater than 10(-6) cm2/s. Two principal techniques,
      fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence photobleaching
      recovery (FPR), are employed. In the FPR technique, translational transport rates
      are measured by monitoring the evolution of a spatial inhomogeneity of
      fluorescence that is produced photochemically in a microscopic volume by a short
      burst of intense laser radiation. In contrast, FCS uses laser-induced
      fluorescence to probe the spontaneous concentration fluctuations in microscopic
      sample volumes. The kinetics are analyzed by computing time-correlation functions
      of the stochastic fluctuations of the measured fluorescence intensity. The
      optical system and digital photocount correlator designed around a dedicated
      minicomputer are described and discussed. The general power of these techniques
      is demonstrated with examples from studies conducted on bulk solutions, lipid
      bilayer membranes, and mammalian cell plasma membranes.

PMID- 974224
TI  - Effects of removing extracellular Ca2+ on excitation and adaptation in Limulus
      ventral photoreceptors.
AB  - In Limulus ventral photoreceptors, removing extracellular calcium (Ca2+o)
      increases the median latency of light-evoked discrete waves. Removal greatly
      lengthens the time-to-peak of responses in the dark-adapted cell, but not in the
      light-adapted cell. Removal does not block light-adaptation or the light-induced
      rise in intracellular calcium (Ca2+i). These results are interpreted in terms of
      the hypothesis that both sensitivity and the kinetics of excitation are dependent
      on Ca2+i, and that Ca2+i is dependent on Ca2+o in the dark-adapted cell, but in
      the light is dependent largely on Ca2+ released from intracellular compartments.

PMID- 974225
TI  - Binding isotherms and the interaction between proflavin and a DNA of high G-C
      content.
AB  - Binding isotherms corresponding to several situations of ligand binding to a
      linear polymer are calculated, including cases of cooperativity or
      anticooperativity between the bound ligand states, multiple binding modes that
      are competitive or non competitive, and possible exclusive of an arbitrary number
      of adjacent sites upon occupancy of a site by a single ligand. The sequence
      generating function method of Lifson and Bradley is used, requiring the
      assumption that no end effects are involved. The case of strong binding of the
      dye proflavin to a DNA of high G-C content, that of M. lysodeikticus, is
      considered in detail, and a single model capable of reconciling the available
      kinetic and equilibrium data on this system, involving two competing binding
      modes, is discussed.

PMID- 974226
TI  - Scanning gel chromatography: determination of transport parameters from dynamic
      profiles measured at low solute concentration.
AB  - Direct optical scanning of solute boundaries in large zone gel chromatography
      experiments provides an accurate means of determining boundary profile shapes and
      rates of motion. A method has been developed for correcting such boundaries to a
      constant time frame, eliminating the distortion which arises from finite column
      scanning rate. Centroids of the corrected profiles can be used to determine the
      partition cross section for the solute of interest. The partition cross section
      and flow rate determine translational motion within the column. The axial
      dispersion coefficient, L, which characterizes rate of boundary spreading may
      also be calculated from the profiles. In order to explore these procedures a
      study of four noninteracting solutes was conducted. Partition cross sections
      determined from rates of motion of boundary centroids were found to be in good
      agreement with those determined by the equilibrium saturation method on the same
      column. In order to explore the lowest concentration limits of the technique and
      to illustrate the boundary characteristics for a self-associating solute, a study
      of carboxyhemoglobin was conducted over a wide concentration range. From
      measurements at 220 nm the lowest concentration where useful data could be
      obtained was 2 micrograms per ml (0.12muM heme). These results establish validity
      of the procedures used in analyzing the rates of boundary transport and in
      studying solute transport over a wide range of conditions.

PMID- 974227
TI  - Active enzyme gel chromatography: II. Computer simulations.
AB  - The behavior of an enzyme undergoing reaction while on a gel chromatography
      column has been studied by computer simulation using the steady state assumtion
      for a system with a single enzyme-substrate complex. The profiles of the enzyme
      substrate complex, product, and substrate were examined varying the parameters of
      kcat, flow rate, partition coefficient dispersion, and time. These investigations
      confirm that much information about both the active enzyme and the product may be
      obtained by examining the product profile alone, varying the power of applying
      scanning gel chromatography to active enzyme systems.

PMID- 974228
TI  - Determining the base sequence of RNA molecules using continuous degradation
      kinetics.
AB  - A kinetic approach to sequence analysis is presented. A polymer chain composed of
      a small number of monomer types is degraded continuously with degradation
      proceeding in only one direction of the chain. Ordinarily, the direct
      determination of the sequence from the amount of degraded monomers is hampered by
      the rapid loss of reaction synchrony. However, it is shown, that if the monomers
      can be measured reasonably accurately, one can solve a system of linear equations
      with the unknowns giving the positions of the monomers in the chain, and the syn
      chrony loss due to the stochastic nature of the degradation process can be
      accounted for. Model calculations are presented.

PMID- 974229
TI  - Rheology of fibrin clots. III. Shear creep and creep recovery of fine ligated and
      coarse unligated closts.
AB  - Creep and creep recovery of human fibrin clots in small shearing deformations
      have been investigated over a time scale from 24 to 10(4) s. Coarse, unligated
      clots and fine clots ligated by fibrinoligase in the presence of calcium ions
      were studied to suppliement previous data on coarse ligated and fine unligated
      clots. Stress was found to be proportional to strain up to at least a maximum
      shear strain (in torsion geometry) of 6.2%. The initial modulus (25 s after
      imposition of stress) is proportional to approximately the 1.5 power of
      concentration for fine ligated and coarse unligated clots. For fine unligated
      closts there is comparatively little creep subsequent to the initial deformation;
      ligation (in this case involving mostly the gamma chains) reduces the creep to
      nearly zero. For coarse unligated clots, there is substantially more creep under
      constant stress, and creep recovery is not complete. Ligation (in this case
      involving both camma and alpha chains) alrgely supresses the creep and causes the
      recovery to be complete. If the structure if fully formed before creep begins,
      tests of creep recovery by the Boltzmann superposition principle show adherence
      to linear visoelastic behavior for all four clot types. Otherwise, the Boltzmann
      test fails and the recovery is much less than calculated. For fine ligated clots,
      the observed recovery agrees well with that calculated on the basis of a dual
      structure model in which an additional independent structure is built up in the
      deformed state, so that the state of ease after removal of stress is a balance
      between two structures deformed in opposite senses. It is postulated that the
      coherence and elastic modulus of the fine ligated clot are largely due to steric
      blocking of long protofibrils with a high flexural stiffness. In the coarse clot,
      it is proposed that the structure involves extensive branching of thick bundles
      of protofibrils, which become permanently secured by the ligation of the alpha
      chains of the fibrin.

PMID- 974230
TI  - Deviation from the Einstein relation of the single-file diffusion coefficient.

PMID- 974231
TI  - The molecular mechanism of temperature enhancement of proton magnetic relaxation
      rates in methaemoprotein solutions. III. The effect of sixth ligand in high-spin
      derivatives.
AB  - The distinctions of the solvent-proton longitudinal magnetic relaxation (PMR)
      mechanisms between high-spin ferric aquo and fluoro complexes of some
      haemoproteins are discussed here. It becomes apparent that the "transition" from
      the exchange-limited PMR to the fast-exchange PMR mechanism upon addition of
      fluoride to some of the aquocomplexes is due to a more intense solvent-dynamics
      in the vicinity of the paramagnetic haem in the fluoromet derivatives. The can be
      rationalized by a conformational change induced by the fluoride ion, an effect
      not observed by X-ray analysis thus far. A possible mechanism of this change is
      indicated here.

PMID- 974232
TI  - Chemical ionization and high resolution electron impact mass spectra of 5,6
      dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide and three of its metabolites.
AB  - The electron impact and the hydrogen and methane chemical ionization mass spectra
      of 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathin-3-carboxanilide, the sulfoxide and sulfone
      derived therefrom, and 2-(2-hydroxyethylthio)-acetoacetanilide enol have been
      determined. All four compounds show abundant molecular ions in the electron
      impact spectra and abundant [MH]+ ions in the methane chemical ionization spectra
      (along with the expected [M + C2H5]+ and [M + C3H5]+ ions), but relatively low
      [MH]+ ion signals in the hydrogen chemical ionization spectra. From high
      resolution mass measurements and metastable transitions determined by metastable
      ion refocusing, electron impact fragmentation mechanisms have been established.
      For 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide, 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4
      oxathiin-3-carboxanilide-4-oxide and 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3
      carboxanilide-4,4-dioxide the major fragmentation mode involves loss of the
      anilino radical from [M]+, followed by loss of C2H4. Fragmentation to form the
      aniline molecular ion increases in importance with increasing oxidation state of
      the sulfur. In the chemical ionization of these three compounds fragmentation of
      [MH]+ proceeds in a similar fashion by loss of neutral aniline and by formation
      of protonated aniline. The electron impact mass spectrum of 2-(2
      hydroxyethylthio)acetoacetanilide is dominated by the molecular ion and the
      aniline molecular ion. However, in the chemical ionization mass spectra
      characteristic fragment ions involving loss of water and loss of aniline from
      [MH]+, as well as protonated aniline, are observed and serve to characterize the
      compound.

PMID- 974233
TI  - Field desorption mass spectrum of glucagon.
AB  - A low resolution, high sensitivity study has been made of the field desorption
      mass spectrum of glucagon, a 29 amino acid residue underivatized peptide. The
      highest molecular weight fragments observed, when spectra were taken under
      conditions which minimized surface reactions of the peptide on the emitter, were
      found to contain no more than 18 amino acid residues. The most probable
      fragmentation processes for ions larger than m/e 600 were the production of
      fragments containing 10, 11 or 12 amino acid residues.

PMID- 974234
TI  - Selected ion monitoring assay for the bronchodilator pirbuterol.
AB  - A selected ion monitoring assay has been developed to measure plasma levels of
      the bronchodilator pirbuterol in animals and man. Pirbuterol is extracted from
      plasma with acetone + potassium carbonate and after further purification is
      converted to its trimethylacetyl derivative. With the use of the stable isotope
      labeled internal standard, pirbuterol-d9, precisions of 10% and 6% were achieved
      at plasma concentrations of 1 and 20 ng ml-1, respectively. The synthesis of the
      deuterium labeled internal standard is described.

PMID- 974235
TI  - Simultaneous estimation of propoxyphene-do and propoxyphene-d2 levels by
      quantitative mass fragmentography. Potential utility in multidose investigations.
AB  - A quantitative mass fragmentographic method for the simultaneous determination of
      labeled and unlabeled propoxyphene in plasma is described. Dogs treated daily
      with propoxyphene-do were treated with a pulse dose of propoxyphene-d2 at day 20.
      It was found that following an initial rapid equilibrium phase levels of
      propoxyphene-d2 fell more rapidly than those of propoxyphene-do. This result
      suggests that 'deep' pools of tissue bound propoxyphene exist which exchange very
      slowly with drug present in the central compartment. Experimental evidence is
      presented which demonstrates that the difference in behavior of propoxyphene-do
      and -d2 is not due to unanticipated secondary isotope effects.

PMID- 974236
TI  - Propoxyphene: pathways of metabolism in man and laboratory animals.
AB  - Through the combined use of stable isotope labeling and gas chromatographic mass
      spectrometric analysis, the metabolic patterns for propoxyphene have been
      determined in laboratory animals and man. The rat and dog eliminated propoxyphene
      and its metabolites principally via the bile, while the rabbit more closely
      resembled man in excreting the metabolic products into urine. Metabolites in rat
      and rabbit existed as conjugates, whereas in dog and man the metabolites were
      excreted as a mixture of the free and unconjugated forms. The primary route of
      metabolism in all species studied was N-demethylation. However, the rat and
      rabbit extensively hydroxylated propoxyphene and its metabolites prior to
      elimination. Metabolites arising from ester hydrolysis were found in rat and man.
      N-acetylated products were identified in all four species. A metabolite formed
      from cyclization and dehydration of dinorpropoxyphene was isolated in urine and
      was further identified as a circulating metabolite in dog plasma.

PMID- 974237
TI  - Replacement of a chlorine with a methylsulfonyl group in the metabolism of
      propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide).
AB  - Urine from rats and sheep given single doses of [14C]propachlor contained 14C
      metabolites in which the chlorine of propachlor was replaced by a methylsulfonyl
      group. Methylsulfonyl-containing metabolites were also isolated from the urine of
      rats given an intraperitoneal dose of the cysteine conjugate of [14C]propachlor;
      this indicated that the methylsulfonyl-containing metabolites resulted from
      metabolic reactions subsequent to the mercapturic acid pathway.

PMID- 974238
TI  - The replacement of trideuteromethyl by methyl groups when using methane as a
      reagent gas in chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - The methane chemical ionization spectra of a number of tertiary and quaternary
      amines with a N-trideuteromethyl group show substitution of this group by methyl.
      The isotopic purity of the original amines was shown to be greater than 99% using
      ammonia as a reagent gas.

PMID- 974239
TI  - Chemical ionization and field desorption mass spectrometry of the gentamicins.
AB  - Gentamicin sulphate employed in therapeutics consists of a mixture of three major
      aminoglycoside components, the gentamicins C1, C1a and C2. In the electron impact
      mass spectra of these components weak parent ions may be observed but they are of
      no diagnostic value in the commercial mixture. Chemical ionization and field
      desorption spectra of individual gentamicin components and commercial mixtures
      are reported and discussed. Isobutane chemical ionization spectra exhibit some
      fragmentation, but under optimum field desorption conditions little glycosidic
      cleavage is observed and [M + H]+ ions dominate the spectra.

PMID- 974240
TI  - Mass spectrometric investigation of peptide amides.
AB  - The reaction products of trifluoroacetic anhydride with peptide amides are
      identified as stable heterocyclic imidazolin-5(4)-ones, which can be analysed by
      gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The mass spectra show intense molecular
      ions and allow the assignment of the amino acid sequence.

PMID- 974241
TI  - Field desorption mass spectra of methotrexate and folic acid analogs.
AB  - Field desorption mass spectra of methotrexate and folic acid analogs yield
      abundant molecular or quasimolecular ions. At emitter currents above the best
      anode temperature, fragment ions which are useful as further confirmations of
      structures are observed.

PMID- 974242
TI  - The analysis of terbutaline in plasma and urine at therapeutic levels using mass
      fragmentography.
AB  - A sensitive method for the qualitative and semiquantitative determination of
      terbutaline in plasma and urine has been developed. After a single oral dose of 5
      mg terbutaline sulphate the drug could be analysed easily. The detection limit in
      plasma is less than 1 ng ml-1.

PMID- 974243
TI  - Specific deuteromethylation by the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction. Synthesis of
      differently labelled variants of trimethylamine and their use for the preparation
      of labelled choline and acetylcholine.
AB  - Reductive methylation (the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction) was used as a route for
      the synthesis of differently deuterium labelled variants of trimethylamine with
      the ultimate aim of preparing labelled variants of choline and acetylcholine.
      Combinations of unlabelled and labelled formaldehyde and formic acid yielded
      symmetrically labelled trimethylamines of high isotopic purity. The labelled
      congeners to acetylcholine and choline that were prepared subsequently provide
      suitable internal standards and tracers to be used in mass spectral analysis and
      in the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of the parent compounds.

PMID- 974244
TI  - Syndrome of skeletal and genitourinary anomalies with unusual facies and failure
      to thrive in Hutterite sibs.

PMID- 974245
TI  - Bilateral microcornea, coloboma, short stature and other skeletal anomalies - a
      new hereditary syndrome.

PMID- 974246
TI  - Chondroosseous histopathology in adenosine deaminase deficient combined
      immunodeficiency disease.

PMID- 974247
TI  - Familial thymic aplasia with intrauterine growth retardation and fetal death: a
      new syndrome or a variant of DiGeorge syndrome.

PMID- 974248
TI  - Possible etiologic mechanisms of the short stature in the Noonan syndrome.

PMID- 974249
TI  - Detection of carriers of inherited disorders.

PMID- 974250
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia.

PMID- 974251
TI  - Hereditary angioedema: modification of clinical manifestations with androgens.
AB  - HAE is an autosomal dominant trait of decreased levels or function of circulating
      and tissue C'1 esterase inhibitor. The clinical illness is characterized by
      disabling episodes of peripheral, oropharyngeal and gut-wall edema. Long-term
      fluoxymesterone treatment of 5 affected males (393 patient-months) and
      oxymetholone treatment of 6 affected females (204 patient-months) has
      significantly decreased the frequency of attacks of edema without substantive
      side effects.

PMID- 974252
TI  - The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses in British Columbia: a clinical epidemiologic
      and ultrastructural study.

PMID- 974253
TI  - Cerebral gigantism - apparent dominant inheritance.

PMID- 974254
TI  - Histologic heterogeneity in the hyperostotic bone dysplasias.

PMID- 974255
TI  - Heterogeneity in the campomelic syndromes: long and short bone varieties.
AB  - There appears to be definite heterogeneity within the campomelic syndromes. We
      are broadly classifying these into the classic or long bone campomelic syndromes
      and 2 distinct short bone varieties designated as the normocephalic short-boned
      and craniosynostotic short-boned types, respectively (Table 1).

PMID- 974256
TI  - The importance of flow in blood vessels.

PMID- 974257
TI  - Meconium viscosity in healthy infants and those with meconium ileus.

PMID- 974258
TI  - Rheology of blood--I: Energy absorption by membrane of RBC during flow?

PMID- 974259
TI  - Rheology of blood--II: On momentum transport.

PMID- 974260
TI  - Two layered Poiseuille flow model for blood flow through arteries of small
      diameter and arterioles.

PMID- 974261
TI  - Abnormal hemoglobins in a quarter million people.
AB  - Hemolysates of erythrocytes from more than a quarter million people in Alabama
      were electrophoresed on cellulose acetate, pH 8.4, and those samples exhibiting
      an abnormality were also electrophoresed in citrate agar, pH 6.0. The globin
      chains of mutants other than Hb S and C were electrophoresed in urea
      mercaptoethanol buffers at both pH 8.9 and pH 6.0, and 60 of them were also
      analyzed structurally. Of about 6000 samples from whites, only three contained
      abnormal hemoglobins--Hb D Los Angeles, Hb J Baltimore, and one unidentified. Of
      249,000 samples from blacks, about 29,000 contained electrophoretically
      detectable abnormalities, most of them associated with Hb S or C, present in a
      frequency of about 9% and 3%, respectively. About 1000 samples resolved into
      patterns of potential clinical significance. Twenty other mutant hemoglobins were
      detected, in various genetic combinations in 164 kindreds; four of these-Hb
      Alabama, Montgomery, Titusville, and Mobile--were previously unknown. The methods
      used are rapid, economical, and well suited for large scale surveys. They provide
      highly specific characterizations of many mutant hemoglobins, and no
      discrepancies were found between the presumptive identifications based on these
      characterizations and the definitive identifications obtained from structural
      analyses.

PMID- 974262
TI  - Hemoglobin M equon beta 41 (C7) phenylalanine leads to tyrosine.
AB  - A severe hemolytic crisis was observed in a 34-yr-old female of English-Irish
      extraction following a viral illness treated with acetaminophen. Heinz bodies and
      heat instability were present only during a transient hemolytic event. A
      challenge dose of acetaminophen caused no detectable hematologic abnormality.
      Structural studies of the hemoglobin during hemolysis and again after complete
      recovery localized the abnormality to tryptic peptide beta Tp-5, and automated
      sequencing of I 125-labeled beta chains indicated a replacement of phenylalanine
      (C7) beta 41 by tyrosine. Substitution of the next residue, phenylalanine (CD1)
      beta 42 by serine (Hb Hammersmith), has resulted in chronic severe Heinz body
      hemolytic anemia. The lack of chronic anemia in the present disorder may reflect
      the different relationships of beta41 and beta 42 and/or the similarities in
      volume and hydrophobicity of tyrosine and phenylalanine. It is suggested that
      substitution of tyrosine for phenylalanine in Hb Mequon may disturb the critical
      environment around the heme group and render it susceptible to oxidative
      denaturation in the presence of infections and/or drugs.

PMID- 974263
TI  - Red cell membrane deformability: new data.
AB  - Red cells arrested by fine fibers and subjected to drag forces in a moving stream
      of fluid can be stressed beyond the point of rupture. The technique, which is
      basically an in vitro analogue of the microangiopathic hemolytic state, thus
      permits a study of red cell behavior over the entire range of stress that the
      membrane can withstand. Measurements made by this approach show an exponential
      relationship between the velocity of fluid flow and the resultant membrane
      deformation. Such exponential membrane deformation is consistent with the
      morphology of red cell fragments and appears to explain their mechanism of
      formation.

PMID- 974264
TI  - Reticulocyte size in nutritional anemias.
AB  - Alterations in reticulocyte size occur 2-3 days after the onset of iron deficient
      or megaloblastic erythropoiesis and precede, by several weeks, changes in mean
      corpuscular volume (MCV). Iron-deficiency anemia induced in a normal subject by
      repeated phlebotomies was characterized by the initial development of larger than
      normal reticulocytes followed by an abrupt decrease in reticulocyte size.
      Microreticulocytes appeared 3 days after the fall in per cent iron saturation and
      antedated the decrease in MCV to below normal by 6 wk. Mean reticulocyte size was
      disproportionately smaller than normal in patients presenting with iron
      deficiency. In contrast, reticulocyte size increased abruptly in a patient (and
      rats) 2-3 days after administration of methotrexate. Mean reticulocyte size was
      disproportionately larger than normal in patients presenting with folate or
      vitamin B12 deficiency. Specific replacement therapy with iron, folate, or
      vitamin B12 was quickly followed by normalization of reticulocyte size.

PMID- 974265
TI  - Specific chromosomal aberrations in polycythemia vera.
AB  - The chromosomes of bone marrow cells from ten patients with polycythemia vera
      (PV) were identified by Q-, G-, and C-banding techniques. Four of the patients
      had received no treatment with cytotoxic drugs, while three had received 32P only
      and the other three, in addition, had received busulfan or busulfan and
      procarbazine. One 73-yr-old male patient treated with venesection only for 4 yr
      lacked the Y chromosome and had a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 (20q
      ) in all cells investigated. One of the other three patients who had received no
      drugs had a chromosome abnormality, but only in 1 of 19 identifiable metaphases.
      However, the abnormality was the same (+9) as the most common one in treated
      patients. In the group of treated patients, an extra chromosome 9 (+9) was found
      in three patients, an extra chromosome 8 (+8) in one, and a deletion of the long
      arm of one chromosome 20 (20q-) in one patient. Multiple aberrations in addition
      to the extra chromosome 9 were found in one patient in whom the disease had
      transformed into acute myeloblastic leukemia. The finding of identical
      chromosomal aberrations (20q- and +9, respectively) in two patients who had
      received no drugs and in four patients who had received 32P and busulfan or
      procarbazine favors the view that these aberrations are specifically associated
      with the disease and not induced by the drugs. With the exception of the patient
      with acute myeloblastic leukemia, all other patients are alive 1-11 mo after
      chromosome analyses and 1-229 mo after diagnosis.

PMID- 974266
TI  - Size distribution, electronic recognition, and counting of human blood monocytes.
AB  - During a study on the separation of human blood monocytes from lymphocytes, a
      method was developed to recognize and count monocytes by electronic means.
      Lightscattering (Cytograf, Bio/Physics), and changes in electrical resistance
      (Channelyzer, Coulter) were used to size mononuclear leukocytes directly in cell
      suspensions. Both methods revealed a size distribution profile in which two
      populations of mononuclear leukocytes could be distinguished. The largest cells
      were virtually eliminated after phagocytosis of iron particles. We confirmed that
      these cells were monocytes by three different criteria: the intracellular
      lysozyme activity, the number of phagocytes, and the percentage of cells with
      kidney-shaped nuclei. The highly significant correlations we found showed that
      monocytes could be recognized and counted by electronic sizing. For this method,
      purified mononuclear leukocyte preparations had to be used, since the presence of
      erythrocytes, platelets, and polymorphonuclear cells interfered. Statistical
      analysis revealed that electronic sizing permitted discrimination of differences
      in monocyte content of 4.5%, with a probability of 95%. It was calculated that
      this sensitivity of electronic monocyte counting was about three times higher
      than the sensitivity of microscopic methods. Since 100,000 cells can be sized
      within a few seconds, not only the efficiency of the preparation but also minor
      changes in the size of monocytes and lymphocytes introduced during the isolation
      can be followed.

PMID- 974267
TI  - Surface markers of human eosinophils.
AB  - Peripheral blood eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia and from healthy
      subjects were studied for surface immunoglobulins, receptors for the Fc region of
      IgG, complement receptors, and spontaneous rosette formation with sheep and mouse
      erythrocytes. Eosinophils were found to have receptors for complement and for
      aggregated IgG, and to have the same two types of complement receptors as do
      lymphocytes and monocytes. Immune adherence type receptors were specific for C4
      or C3b, while C3d receptors were specific for C3d but unreactive with C4.
      Eosinophils differed from fully mature neutrophils in that the former had C3d
      receptors and relatively weak immune adherence (C4 or C3b) receptors, while the
      later did not have the C3d receptors and had strong immune adherence receptors.
      Eosinophil phagocytosis of complement-receptor bound erythrocytes was dependent
      on the presence of IgG in the antibody coating the red blood cells; this
      requirement for IgG resembled that found in neutrophil phagocytosis. No surface
      Ig or spontaneous erythrocyte rosette formation was observed with eosinophils.

PMID- 974268
TI  - Stimulation of megakaryocytopoiesis by acute thrombocytopenia in rats.
AB  - Rats were made acutely thrombocytopenic by injection of antiplatelet serum.
      Marrow sections and squash preparations were made at intervals during 120 hr.
      Determinations were made of mitotic index, stage of maturation, ploidy level, and
      cell size of megakaryocytes; number and size of platelets were measured.
      Increased endomitosis among megakaryocytes was followed by an increase in the
      proportion of immature megakaryocytes, a greater average ploidy level of
      recognized megakaryocytes, and larger megakaryocytes. Maximum changes in these
      several parameters occurred between 32 and 72 hr after induction of
      thrombocytopenia. By 120 hr all megakarocyte parameters were near normal. For
      about 3 days, beginning at about 36 hr, platelet numbers increased rapidly.
      Average platelet size rose and returned to normal within about 60 hr. Changes in
      ploidy and size of megakaryocytes were measured in the immature and mature
      maturation stages. The results suggest that the initial stimulus in response to
      acute thrombocytopenia acts primarily on diploid precursors, programming them to
      mature into a population of megakaryocytes with an average ploidy approximately
      one level greater than in normal rats and a proportionate increase in cell size.
      The larger megakaryocytes presumably produce more platelets, accounting for a
      major part of the increased rate of platelet production. Since the changes in
      megakaryocytes begin to reverse before circulating platelet numbers have reached
      the normal level, reversal of the stimulus appears to be initiated by some change
      other than platelet mass.

PMID- 974269
TI  - Defective platelet function after cephalosporin administration.

PMID- 974270
TI  - Collagen metabolism during the early stages of cholesterol-induced atherogenesis
      in rabbits.
AB  - The involvement of collagen in cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits was
      investigated. Rabbits were fed a 2% cholesterol diet for 8, 16, 30, 60 and 90
      days. Histological sections were taken and aortic free and esterified cholesterol
      were determined after separation on thin-layer chromatography. Prolyl hydroxylase
      activity was used as a measure of collagen synthetic rate and hydroxyproline
      levels as an estimate of collagen content. Cholesterol content was a
      significantly increased after 8 days, while at this time there were no gross
      aortic lesions. After 30 days there was some aortic disease and by 60 days most
      of the rabbits exhibited pronounced aortic lesions. Histologically, the lesions
      consisted mainly of intimal foam cells. There was no alteration in collagen
      synthetic rate or content at 8, 16, 30 or 60 days. These data indicate that 60
      days of continuous cholesterol feeding results in a foam cell aortic lesion with
      no alteration in collagen metabolism. After 90 days of cholesterol feeding there
      was significant increase in collagen synthetic activity in the thoracic aorta.
      These data suggest that alteration of collagen synthetic activity is secondary
      response, resulting from injury induced by the aortic accumulation of large
      amounts of cholesterol.

PMID- 974271
TI  - A comparative study of the role played by some inactivation pathways in the
      disposition of the transmitter in the rabbit aorta and the saphenous vein of the
      dog.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the relative importance of neuronal
      uptake, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and diffusion in the disposition of
      endogenous nor-adrenaline (NA) in the rabbit aorta and dog saphenous vein.
      Helical strips of dog saphenous vein and rabbit aorta were stimulated
      transmurally, relaxation occurring either in oil or in Krebs-Henseleit solution.
      The rate of inactivation of NA by various mechanisms was assessed from the
      decrease in the rate of relaxation after blockade of one or more of these
      processes. Cocaine was used to inhibit neuronal uptake and COMT was blocked with
      3,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl propiophenone. Diffusion out of the tissue was prevented
      by replacing the Krebs-Henseleit solution in the muscle bath with mineral oil.
      Neuronal uptake was the primary mechanism of inactivation in the saphenous vein
      whereas diffusion and COMT appear to be more important in the aorta. The
      differences in the relative importance of the inactivation mechanisms (neuronal
      uptake, O-methyltransferase and diffusion) existing between these two vessels are
      attributed primarily to differing density and distribution of the adrenergic
      innervation.

PMID- 974272
TI  - Phospho-accepting proteins in bovine sera.
AB  - Phospho-accepting proteins in bovine sera have been detected by the use of
      immobilized protein kinase from rat muscle and (gamma32P)-ATP in an in vitro
      system. A partial biochemical characterization points to the generation of
      typical phosphoproteins. Differences in the phosphorylation pattern between fetal
      serum and calf serum as demonstrated by electrophoresis in the presence of
      dodecylsulfate are described.

PMID- 974273
TI  - Decrease of normotest/thrombotest discrepancy in non-contacted coumarin plasma
      after glass or ellagic acid activation.
AB  - Activation of coumarin plasmas in glass tubes for 60 min resulted in a clear
      shortening of Thrombotest clotting times. Normotest clotting times were shortened
      too but to a much lesser extent. As a consequence the Normotest (NT)/Thrombotest
      (TT) discrepancy which was quite large at 0 time, became progressively smaller.
      This phenomenon was observed both in undiluted and 6:10 diluted plasma. After
      ellagic acid activation a similar phenomenon was noted even though a less
      pronounced shortening of Thrombotest was noted. These data suggest that
      Thrombotest is very sensitive to contact phase and to factor VII activation and
      not to any coumarin-induced inhibitors.

PMID- 974274
TI  - Organochlorine pesticide residues associated with mortality: additivity of
      chlordane and endrin.

PMID- 974275
TI  - Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot.
AB  - Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were sacrificed one month after ingesting one
      number 4 all-lead shot or one number 4 lead-iron shot. Livers, kidneys, blood,
      wingbones, and eggs were analyzed for lead by atomic absorption. Necropsy of
      sacrificed ducks failed to reveal any of the tissue lesions usually associated
      with lead poisoning in waterfowl. Lead levels in ducks given all-lead shot
      averaged about twice those in ducks given lead-iron shot, reflecting the amount
      of lead in the two types of shot. Lead in the blood of ducks dosed with all-lead
      shot averaged 0.64 ppm, and 0.28 ppm in ducks given lead-iron shot. Lead residues
      in livers and kidneys of females given all-lead shot were significantly higher
      than in males. In both dosed groups, lead levels in wingbones of females were
      about 10 times those in males, and were significantly correlated with the number
      of eggs laid after dosage. Lead levels in contents and shells of eggs laid by
      hens dosed with all-lead shot were about twice those in eggs laid by hens dosed
      with lead-iron shot. Eggshells were found to best reflect levels of lead in the
      blood. Our results indicate that mallards maintained on a balanced diet and dosed
      with one lead shot may not accumulate extremely high lead levels in the liver and
      kidney. However, extremely high lead deposition may result in the bone of laying
      hens after ingesting sublethal amounts of lead shot as a result of mobilization
      of calcium from the bone during eggshell formation.

PMID- 974276
TI  - Mixed function monooxygenase of fish as an indicator of pollution of aquatic
      environment by industrial effluent.

PMID- 974277
TI  - Biological effects of heavy metals on juvenile bay scallops, Argopecten
      irradians, in short-term exposures.

PMID- 974278
TI  - The relationship of malathion and its metabolities to fish poisoning.

PMID- 974279
TI  - Plasticizers as interferences in pollutant analyses.
AB  - Airborne compounds from two groups of plasticizers used in air conditioner
      filters and caulks as well as flexible polyvinyl chloride and related plastics
      have been identified as major sources of low level laboratory contamination that
      can cause serious interferences in pollutant analyses especially at the low
      levels requiring GCEC for quantitation. Two compounds from the phthalic acid
      ester group (PAE'S) OF PLASTICIZERS THAT ARE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AS WELL
      WERE FOUND INCORPORATED ON AIR CONDITIONER FILTERS LEADING TO CONTAMINATION OF
      CLEAN AND OIL FILMED DISHES FROM AIR FALLOUT. Solvents, inorganic reagents and
      hand-to-glass transfer were found to contribute to sample contamination by PAE's.
      Several PAE's are easily detectable at 0.1 ng levels under some conditions on
      GCEC and have retention times on several columns of differing polarities that can
      interfere with analyses of chlorinated pollutants especially p,p'-DDT. Aroclor
      1254, a member of the polychlorinated biphenyl group (PCB's) of plasticizers, was
      found in a caulk around a laboratory window. On oil filmed, but not clean dishes,
      the compounds collected from air fallout produced chromatograms on GCEC with a
      close correspondence to Aroclor 1242.

PMID- 974280
TI  - Effect of heptachlor on the growth, viability and respiration of Staphylococcus
      aureus.

PMID- 974281
TI  - Accumulation and distribution of selenium in mussel and shrimp tissues.

PMID- 974282
TI  - Seasonal and laboratory variations in the health of grass shrimp Palaemonetes
      pugio: dodecyl sodium sulfate bioassay.

PMID- 974283
TI  - Toxicity of endrin and an endrin-methyl parathion formulation to largemouth bass
      fingerlings.

PMID- 974284
TI  - Some aspects of orthopaedic surgery in childhood.
AB  - The aetiological role of immunodeficiency in acute septic arthritis of the hip in
      infancy, the management of the condition after the acute infection has subsided,
      and the special hazards of infection in the region of the hip joint in the older
      child are discussed. The principles of treatment of congenital dislocation of the
      hip are examined in relation to the maintenance of acetabular growth potential.
      The factors determining the outcome of treatment in Perthes' disease are
      discussed and a comparison of the result in a series of cases treated by femoral
      osteotomy with those in untreated controls is presented.

PMID- 974285
TI  - Steroid induced avascular necrosis of bones in eighteen sites: a case report.
AB  - A patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura who was treated with high
      dosage corticosteroids for ten years, developed 18 separate lesions of avascular
      necrosis in 12 different bones. Despite spontaneous revascularization of many of
      the lesions, subchrondral collapse caused symptomatic secondary degenerative
      arthritis in many joints. Pathological examination of both resected femoral heads
      showed no intravascular thrombosis.

PMID- 974286
TI  - Irreducible fractures of the distal phalanx of the hand.
AB  - Fractures of the distal phalanx of the hand occur usually by crushing can be
      irreducible, if the nail fold is interposed between the fracture fragments.
      Details of the regional anatomy producing the deformity and the management are
      discussed.

PMID- 974287
TI  - Flexor digitorum superficialis rupture: a case report.
AB  - A rupture of the musculotendinous junction of the flexor digitorum superficialis
      to the index finger in a baseball pitcher is described. No underlying abnormality
      could be detected. Because of loss of strength and dexterity, repair of the
      rupture was accomplished with an improved result.

PMID- 974288
TI  - Studies of the corrosion susceptibility of metallic cement restrictors:
      comparative corrosion behavior of stainless steel and cobalt-chromium alloys.
AB  - Passive film and accelerated corrosion tests were performed on both wrought AISI
      316L stainless steel and wrought Vitallium (Haynes Stellite 25) Charnley Type
      cement restrictors. The morphology and incidence of corrosion at the wire-wire
      crevices and the methacrylate-metal crevices were determined by scanning electron
      microscopy. The results are interpreted in view of the previously-documented
      crevice corrosion susceptibility of these two alloys.

PMID- 974289
TI  - Post traumatic patellitis: a case report.

PMID- 974290
TI  - Pain and the pronator teres syndrome.
AB  - Extremely painful paresthesias and mild motor weakness of the hand were relieved
      by sectioning the deep head of the pronator teres muscle and the fibrous arch of
      the flexor digitorum superficialis, thereby freeing the median nerve and its
      anterior interosseous branch. The characteristic pinch deformity of the thumb and
      index fingers usually described in anterior interosseous-nerve syndrome was not
      present. A Tinel sign at the level of the pronator teres was present.

PMID- 974291
TI  - Impending ischemic contracture in the burned hand and upper extremity.

PMID- 974292
TI  - On the uses of diversity.
AB  - An examination is made of the uses of diversity in medical library activities and
      personnel. This concept is extended also to the broader field of librarianship
      and to some forecasts of future directions for medical libraries.

PMID- 974293
TI  - Planning for meaningful change in libraries and library networks: a first step.
AB  - The Program Planning Model (PPM) is a planning and management tool that
      facilitates development and acceptance of significant programs. PPM assists
      program planning by systematically involving consumer or user groups in the
      development and review of new programs. While user participitation is important
      throughout PPM, this involvement is especially important during the problem
      exploration phase, when the problems or needs of these users are surveyed. The
      Nominal Group Technique (NGT), a variation of the "brainstorming" process, is a
      structured but flexible group process used in the problem exploration phase to
      generate a high number of useful responses concerning problem areas. NGT ensures
      maximum contribution of ideas by all participtants. NGT and its application in
      the planning and management efforts of several libraries and library networks are
      described in detail.

PMID- 974294
TI  - Nonmediated use of MEDLINE and TOXLINE by pathologists and pharmacists.
AB  - Pathologists and pharmacists have used terminals in their departmental areas
      successfully to perform searches on MEDLINE and TOXLINE, during the period from
      fall 1974 through August 1975; MEDLINE has been used more than TOXLINE. In the
      Department of Pathology at the University of Maryland Health Sciences Center, the
      annual rate of combined mediated and nonmediated use of MEDLINE increased from
      142 search sessions to 432, over half of the identified use being by three
      individuals. About half of the total potential users from each group tried
      MEDLINE or TOXLINE at least once. Nine pathologists and seven pharmacists used
      MEDLINE five or more times. Five of the individuals in each group were
      "intensive" users, who concentrated more than half of their sessions within two
      months. Vocabulary experience and systems problems are touched on. Most
      individuals learned to use the systems from one another or in individual sessions
      with the authors, although a twenty-five page "minimanual" has also been used by
      a limited group.

PMID- 974295
TI  - Primary journal selection using citations from an indexing service journal: a
      method and example from nursing literature.
AB  - Although serial literature is extremely important to a library collection, it is
      also the source of many problems. Specialty journal selection is difficult,
      particularly for the librarian of a small or intermediate-size library that is
      not in a position to develop or maintain an exhaustive or inclusive collection in
      a particular field or discipline. Steadily increasing journal costs and recent
      economic trends necessitate establishment or reexamination of a periodical
      collection policy. In this investigation, the technique used analyzes citations
      assigned to medical subject headings (MeSH) and subheadings by indexers who
      prepare the MEDLARS data base. Citations have been retrieved by exploiting the on
      line nature of the MEDLARS data base. A four-year time period is used to identify
      specialty journals in the area of nursing. Results given include a separate rank
      order listing arranged by decreasing frequency of productivity for each MeSH term
      searched. A composite listing is given for the 16,355 unique citations retrieved.
      The approach illustrated and data presented may be useful in establishing library
      policy for questions of periodical subscription and setting of priorities for
      binding and microform purchases. The purpose of the approach described is to
      predict collection demand with efficiency and economy.

PMID- 974296
TI  - New library buildings. Part VIII. The Library of the Health Sciences, University
      of Illinois at the Medical Center, Chicago.
AB  - The new Library of the Health Sciences at the University of Illinois at the
      Medical Center is described and illustrated. The building was under construction
      for thirteen months, using phased construction techniques, and opened in October
      1973. The library is a self-contained and physically independent building
      consisting of three levels above ground and one lower level, comprising an area
      of 130,000 sq. ft. gross and 88,000 sq. ft. net. The building provides space for
      350,000 volumes, 1,037 readers, and a staff of 100. The cost of construction was
      $5,140,500 plus $858,500 for furnishings and equipment. Among the special
      features are a twenty-four-hour multimedia services department and a full
      circulating style book detection system. Included in the article is an evaluation
      of the library after two years of occupancy.

PMID- 974297
TI  - An SDILINE evaluation.

PMID- 974298
TI  - Public information services at state-supported medical school libraries: a brief
      survey.

PMID- 974299
TI  - Library to patient: new role for the patients' librarian.

PMID- 974300
TI  - Affirmative gay material in a hospital library collection.

PMID- 974301
TI  - Leptospirosis as an animal and public health problem in Latin America and the
      Caribbean area.
AB  - As a major livestock disease, leptospirosis cuts significantly into the world's
      supply of animal protein through its consequences of abortion and calf mortality,
      retarded growth, and reduced milk production. Evidently, such losses have severe
      economic implications as well. The disease's impact has been somewhat diminished
      in the developed countries thanks to mechanization of rural activities, improved
      personal and environmental hygiene, and broad application of preventive measures,
      including the administration of bacterins, in domestic animals. Still, even in
      these circumstances it remains a serious problem. In the developing countries, in
      which large percentages of the population live in close contact with animals, the
      spread of infection is much greater. Moreover, the ecology of tropical and
      subtropical America--with its abundant rainfall, natural water courses, and high
      temperatures--is particularly favorable for the transmission of leptospires. In
      such conditions the human disease is a growing threat as well. The spread of
      leptospirosis, both in animals and man, is facilitated by the fact that
      inefection from many of the serotypes can exist without presenting serious
      clinical manifestations. Hence the importance of laboratory diagnosis. Systematic
      studies over time of serotype distribution, coupled with wide and improved
      surveillance, will be a key factor in bringing the disease under control.
      According to the limited seroepidemiologic data available, 3 to 18 per cent of
      the general human population, 2 to 32 per cent of those belonging to exposed
      occupational groups, and 10 to 50 per cent of patients with fever of unknown
      origin have leptospiral antibody. The most predominant serogroups are
      Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Pomona, Hebdomadis, and Bataviae. So far more than
      50 serotypes, from 15 serogroups, have been isolated from man and animals in
      Latin America and the Caribbean area.

PMID- 974302
TI  - Immunization against leptospirosis: vaccine trials with heat-killed whole cell
      and outer envelope antigens in hamsters.
AB  - Heat-killed whole cell and outer envelope antigens prepared from homologous
      virulent and avirulent strains of Leptospira serotypes canicola and pomona were
      evaluated for protecting hamsters against experimental leptospirosis. The heat
      killed bacterins proved at least as effective as the outer envelope antigens, or
      more so, in providing protection against death and infection, and they are easier
      and more economical to prepare.

PMID- 974303
TI  - Diarrheal diseases of infancy in Cali, Colombia: study design and summary report
      on isolated disease agents.
AB  - For public health reasons, it is important that the etiologic agents of early
      childhood diarrhea be isolated and identified, and that their routes of
      transmission be defined. This is especially true in tropical and subtropical
      developing countries, where childhood patterns of exposure to diarrheal disease
      agents usually differ from those in developed countries, and where diarrheal
      illness is a frequent harbinger of death among children under five years of age.
      This artical describes a study designed to identify diarrheal disease agents and
      transmission patterns in Cali, a large city of western Colombia's fertile Cauca
      River Valley. The study area, composed of five working-class districts with a
      total population of some 40,000, appeared to provide an environment fairly
      similar to those of many other "average" working-class communities in Latin
      America. Beginning in July 1962, a cohort of 296 children being born in these
      districts was studied, the period of investigation starting with the date of
      birth and continuing until each child's second birthday or its premature
      withdrawal from the study. Weekly home visits were made to establish defecation
      patterns, feeding practices, and anthropometry. The resulting data were then
      analyzed in terms of defecation frequencies, occurrence of liquid stools, and the
      presence of blood, mucus, or pus in the stools. Differences were noted in male
      and female defecation patterns and in the defecation frequencies of different age
      groups. Stool specimens for bacteriologic, virologic, and parasitologic
      examination were collected monthly on a regular basis and weekly when diarrhea
      occurred. Numerically, viruses were isolated and identified more often than other
      agents. The most commonly isolated parasite species and viral and bacterial
      serotypes were G. lamblia (from 222 subjects), echovirus 11 (from 166 subjects),
      and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 026:B6 (from 138 subjects). Compared with
      the findings of several studies in other countries, isolations of shigellae were
      relatively rare.

PMID- 974304
TI  - National service in rural areas: the case of Colombia.
AB  - Sending new medical school graduates into rural areas does give underserved
      populations access to modern medical care, perhaps for the first time. However,
      these young physicians usually spend most of their time providing strictly
      clinical services and are generally eager to leave at the end of their
      assignment. Some have referred to this practice as "parachuting" a doctor into an
      underserved area. An alternative is to focus first on building up permanent
      health service facilities in rural areas that are staffed by appropriate
      paraprofessionals. The young physician can then play a much more important role,
      serving as an administrator, researcher, evaluator, and teacher of the local
      staff; his clinical activities would generally be confined to the more
      complicated medical problems that arise. Such a model has been implemented in
      Kenya and Tanzania. An informal field assessment in Colombia has indicated that
      this model could be effectively applied there as well; indeed, it has been the
      hope of Colombian policymakers that the rural intern would function in such a
      way. However, this would require developing the nation's system of health
      services, as well as providing specific training aimed at preparing the medical
      student to perform his assigned role.

PMID- 974306
TI  - FDA inspections of large volume and small volume parenteral manufacturers.

PMID- 974305
TI  - Earthquake in Guatemala: epidemiologic evaluation of the relief effort.
AB  - The damage wrought by the earthquake that recently struck Guatemala evoked a
      commendable and efficient national response. It also led to international relief
      activity that was clearly instrumental in assisting the country's short-term
      recovery efforts. At the same time, this initial recovery period caused a good
      deal of experience to be gained in the field of disaster management. Some of the
      lessons derived from the experience are examined, and a number of approaches are
      suggested for measurably improving both national and international response to
      future disasters of this kind.

PMID- 974307
TI  - Certain porosity aspects of membrane filters: their pore-distributions and
      anisotropy.

PMID- 974308
TI  - Parenteral multivitamins: time for changes.

PMID- 974309
TI  - Application of the HIAC particle counter to monitoring perticulate matter in
      parenteral solutions. I: A preliminary study.

PMID- 974310
TI  - Sterility applicability of devices utilized in the medical-surgical field.

PMID- 974311
TI  - In-house training requirements of current good manufacturing practices.

PMID- 974312
TI  - Practical in-plant use of membrane filtration with nonsterile drug items.

PMID- 974313
TI  - The management of juvenile chronic polyarthritis.

PMID- 974314
TI  - An irreversible effect of lithium administration to patients.
AB  - 1 Lithium administration to patients leads to a pronounced inhibition (about 90%)
      of the choline transport system in erythrocytes. The transport system does not
      recover when ghosts are prepared from the erythrocytes, thereby removing
      intracellular as well as extracellular lithium. 2 When a patient is taken off
      lithium, the choline transport in erythrocytes recovers only very slowly over a
      period of three months, i.e. at about the same rate at which the erythrocytes
      that had been exposed to lithium are replaced by new cells. 3 It is concluded
      that therapeutic concentrations of lithium produce an irreversible inhibition of
      the choline transport system in human erythrocytes.

PMID- 974315
TI  - Depression by morphine of excitatory junction potentials in the vas deferens of
      the mouse.
AB  - 1 Intracellular recordings were made from smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas
      deferens. Excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) were evoked by stimulation of
      the intramural nerves. 2 Normorphine (50 nM-5muM) depressed the amplitude of the
      e.j.p. The ED50 was 430 nM. The latency of the e.j.p. and the resting membrane
      potential of the smooth muscle cells were unaffected by normorphine. 3 The
      depression of the e.j.p. by narcotic analgesic drugs was stereospecific. 4
      Naloxone (100 nM) completely reversed the depression of the e.j.p. produced by
      normorphine (1 muM). Naloxone (100 nM) alone did not alter the amplitude of the
      e.j.p. 5 Normorphine (1 muM) did not prevent the depolarization of the smooth
      muscle cells produced by exogenous noradrenaline (10 muM). 6 It is concluded that
      narcotic analgesic drugs act directly upon the transmitter release sites to
      reduce the amount of noradrenaline liberated by each nerve impulse.

PMID- 974316
TI  - The cholinergic component in the reflex vasodilatation elicited by stimulation of
      the depressor nerves in the rabbit.
AB  - 1 The effects of the stimulation of the cephalic endings of the depressor nerve
      on the resistance in the perfused hindlimb were studied in the rabbit. 2 The
      vasodilatation thus elicited in the perfused hindlimb was reduced either by
      administration of guanethidine or by sympathectomy and abolished by subsequent
      treatment with atropine. 3 These data confirm the existence of two components in
      the genesis of the reflex vasodilatation: a passive component, due to the
      inhibition of sympathetic discharge, and an active component which in the rabbit
      is cholinergic in nature.

PMID- 974317
TI  - Uterine receptors for oxytocin: correlation between antagonist potency and
      receptor binding.
AB  - 1 The apparent dissociation constants (Kd) of four competitive antagonists of
      oxytocin were estimated from their ability to compete with [3H]-oxytocin for
      binding sites in particulate fractions from rat uterine homogenates. 2 These
      apparent Kd values were not significantly different from the Kd values calculated
      from the published potency of each compound as an antagonist of oxytocin-induced
      uterine contractions. 3 These results support the conclusion that the binding
      sites for oxytocin are part of the receptor complex. Furthermore, 'spare
      receptors' for oxytocin do not appear to be present in significant quantities,
      and the relative potency of each antagonist appears to depend upon its affinity
      for the receptor site rather than its intrinsic activity. 4 The antagonists used
      in these studies were [N-acetyl, 2-O-methyltyrosine]oxytocin, [1-(beta-mercapto
      beta,beta-diethylpropionic acid)]oxytocin, [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta
      pentamethylenepropionic acid)]oxytocin, and [1-(deaminopenicillamine), 4
      threonine]oxytocin.

PMID- 974318
TI  - The use of different agonists in antagonist affinity constant estimations.
AB  - 1 The affinities of 4 muscarinic antagonists were estimated on intact pieces of
      guinea-pig ileum using the agonists carbachol and pentyl trimethylammonium both
      in separate experiments and in the same experiment. 2 The apparent affinities
      were slightly but consistently higher when estimated from the responses produced
      by pentyl trimethylammonium than when estimated from the responses produced by
      carbachol. 3 This difference was greatly reduced or abolished if totally
      denervated logitudinal muscle strips were used rather than intact pieces of
      ileum. It is therefore suggested that the difference is due to the presence of
      receptors in the ganglionic layer. 4 To explain the difference in apparent
      affinity of the antagonists these receptors can not be identical to the
      muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle. 5 In addition they can not be
      nicotinic ganglionic receptors as the difference did not appear to be affected by
      the presence or absence of hexamethonium.

PMID- 974319
TI  - The pharmacology of anaphylaxis in the chicken intestine.
AB  - 1 The Schultz-Dale phenomenon has been demonstrated in several circular smooth
      muscle strips of oesophagus, crop, duodenum, jejunum and ileum taken from young
      and adult domestic fowl sensitized actively to crystalline bovine albumin or
      horse plasma. 2 The ileal strips contract to acetylcholine, histamine, 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandins E1, E2, F2alpha, bradykinin and bovine
      slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Marked seasonal and individual
      variations in the responsiveness of gut tissues to these exogenous agonists were
      noted. 3 Antagonism of contractions to histamine by mepyramine suggests the
      existence of H1-histamine receptors in chicken ileum. Blockade of 5-HT-induced
      contractions by methysergide shows the preponderance of 'D'-musculotropic
      tryptamine receptors. 4 Failure of selective receptor antagonists of
      acetylcholine, histamine and 5-HT to modify the Schultz-Dale reaction suggests
      the nonparticipation of aminergic mechanisms in this reaction. 5 Partial to
      complete blockade of the Schultz-Dale reaction by a prostaglandin receptor
      antagonist (polyphloretin phosphate, PPP); prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors
      (sodium meclofenamate and phenylbutazone); inhibitors of synthesis and release of
      histamine and SRS-A (PR-D-92-EA, M & B 22948, diethylcarbamazine citrate, and
      PPP) and an inhibitor of proteinases (aprotinin) strongly suggests the
      involvement of vasoactive lipids and polypeptides in the anaphylactic response of
      chicken ileum to specific antigen.

PMID- 974320
TI  - Adenosine on myocardial oxygen consumption.
AB  - 1 A 3 min intracoronary infusion of adenosine (50 mug/min) produced a significant
      decrease in coronary artery perfusion pressure, left ventricular systolic
      pressure and myocardial O2 consumption in the isolated supported heart
      preparation of the dog perfused at a constant coronary blood flow. Heart rate was
      controlled at 150, 190 or 230 beats/minute. 2 Myocardial contractile force and
      maximal left ventricular dp/dt were not changed by adenosine infusion. 3 The
      absolute decrease in myocardial O2 consumption was greater at increasing heart
      rates whereas the decrease in coronary artery perfusion pressure and peak left
      ventricular systolic pressure were similar. 4 The results suggest that the
      reduction in myocardial O2 consumption produced by adenosine is not related to
      coronary vasodilatation or to a negative chronotropic or inotropic action, but
      may be due to a functional shunting of blood flow from high O2 extracting regions
      of the myocardium to low O2 extracting ones and/or important effects on
      myocardial substrate utilization.

PMID- 974321
TI  - Decreased phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase and catechol-O-methyltransferase
      activity in rabbit adrenal glands during pregnancy.
AB  - 1 Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activity in adrenal gland was
      lower than the control values at day 24 of rabbit pregnancy and fell throughout
      the gestational period. 2 Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity during
      pregnancy and parturition followed a similar pattern to PNMT. 3 Adrenaline
      content of the adrenal gland declined significantly during the last few days of
      pregnancy but at parturition showed a tendency to return towards normal. 4 The
      biochemical mechanisms which result in a decline in PNMT and COMT activities and
      adrenaline concentration appear to be the consequence of modifications in
      endocrine gland secretion during pregnancy.

PMID- 974322
TI  - The toxicology of the tetrachloroethanes [proceedings].

PMID- 974323
TI  - Absorption and metabolism of steroids administered intratracheally to rat
      isolated lungs [proceedings].

PMID- 974324
TI  - Biphasic changes in motor behaviour following morphine injection into the nucleus
      accumbens [proceedings].

PMID- 974325
TI  - Noradrenergic influences on dopamine-dependent behaviour in rats [proceedings].

PMID- 974326
TI  - Paradoxical aversive property of dexamphetamine [proceedings].

PMID- 974327
TI  - Actions and interactions of morphine and dopamine on single neurones in the rat
      caudate nucleus [proceedings].

PMID- 974328
TI  - Behavioural changes following olfactory bulbectomy in rats: a possible model for
      the detection of antidepressant drugs [proceedings].

PMID- 974329
TI  - Plasma levels of clomipramine and its N-desmethyl metabolite following oral
      administration of clomipramine in man [proceedings].

PMID- 974330
TI  - Some behavioural and EEG studies on the behavioural depression induced in the rat
      by ethanolamine O-sulphate, an inhibitor of GABA-transaminase [proceedings].

PMID- 974331
TI  - The effects of three tricyclic antidepressants on arterial eHNA uptake and
      arterial responsiveness to noradrenaline (NA) [proceedings].

PMID- 974332
TI  - Stereoselective uptake of L-homocysteate by rat brain slices [proceedings].

PMID- 974333
TI  - The response of the rat anococcygeus muscle to stimulation of the individual
      extrinsic nerves and its modification by drugs [proceedings].

PMID- 974334
TI  - Responses of dorsal horn units in cat spinal cord to some putative transmitters
      and to cutaneous stimulation [proceedings].

PMID- 974335
TI  - Evidence for a specific somatosensory receptor in the cat skin that responds to
      irritant chemicals [proceedings].

PMID- 974336
TI  - An investigation of histamine aerosol induced reflex bronchoconstriction in the
      anaesthetized dog [proceedings].

PMID- 974337
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action by which 5H-[1]-benzopyrano-[2,3,-b]-pyridin-5
      ol (AH 6696) inhibits gastric acid secretion [proceedings].

PMID- 974338
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of frusemide related to diuretic response [proceedings].

PMID- 974339
TI  - Gradients of monoamine levels in guinea-pig isolated ileum [proceedings].

PMID- 974340
TI  - Investigation of the effects of drugs on morphine-induced contractions of the
      isolated colon of the rat [proceedings].

PMID- 974341
TI  - The effect of chronic lithium administration on stimulation-induced changes in
      forebrain 5-hydroxyindoles: modification by chlorimipramine [proceedings].

PMID- 974342
TI  - The individual and combined effects of hypothermia and reserpine pretreatment on
      the rate and tension responses to isoprenaline and salbutamol in guinea-pig atria
      [proceedings].

PMID- 974343
TI  - Peripheral vascular effects of clonidine independent of a reduction in
      sympathetic activity [proceedings].

PMID- 974344
TI  - The cardiovascular effects of clonidine in rabbits after cervical spinal cord
      transection [proceedings].

PMID- 974345
TI  - Pressor responses to noradrenaline administered into the third cerebral ventricle
      of anaesthetized and conscious cats [proceedings].

PMID- 974346
TI  - Beta adrenoceptors in the hepatic arterial vascular bed of the dog [proceedings].

PMID- 974347
TI  - Structure activity studies on dopamine receptors; a comparison between rat
      striatal adenylate cyclase and Helix aspersa neurones [proceedings].

PMID- 974348
TI  - Further studies on the depressant action of tetracyclines plus ascorbic acid on
      the rabbit ear artery [proceedings].

PMID- 974349
TI  - Effects of repeated doses of ketamine on sleeping times in rats [proceedings].

PMID- 974350
TI  - Desensitization of the rat aortic strip to vasopressin by infusions of
      noradrenaline [proceedings].

PMID- 974351
TI  - Interaction between the release of SRS-A and of prostaglandins [proceedings].

PMID- 974352
TI  - Some properties of rabbit aorta contracting substance-releasing factor (RCS-RF)
      [proceedings].

PMID- 974353
TI  - The effects of prostagladin endoperoxides and thromboxane A2 on strips of rabbit
      coeliac artery and certain other smooth muscle preparations [proceedings].

PMID- 974354
TI  - Bioassay and thin-layer chromatography of prostaglandins and their pulmonary
      metabolites [proceedings].

PMID- 974355
TI  - Prostaglandins and tone in isolated strips of mammalian bladder [proceedings].

PMID- 974356
TI  - Effects of metyrapone on rat uterine prostaglandin release and on spontaneous
      smooth muscle activity in vitro [proceedings].

PMID- 974357
TI  - Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on macrophage prostaglandin biosynthesis
      [proceedings].

PMID- 974358
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on prostaglandin levels and leucocyte migration in an
      inflammatory exudate in vivo [proceedings].

PMID- 974359
TI  - Enhanced effect of isoprenaline after chronic administration in microanaphylactic
      shock of guinea-pigs [proceedings].

PMID- 974360
TI  - Models of agonist-antagonist interaction [proceedings].

PMID- 974361
TI  - An apparatus for automatically recording diuresis in laboratory animals
      [proceedings].

PMID- 974362
TI  - A simple and inexpensive device for the in vivo detection and counting of
      ventricular extrasystoles [proceedings].

PMID- 974363
TI  - Substituted benzamides as dopamine antagonists [proceedings].

PMID- 974364
TI  - The influence of glucagon upon the responses of the hepatic arterial vasculature
      to vasodilator agents [proceedings].

PMID- 974365
TI  - The effect of drugs on various parameters of mouse behaviour in a modified head
      dipping test [proceedings].

PMID- 974366
TI  - L-glutamate excitations on cortical neurones: influence of endogenous neuronal
      activity and halothane [proceedings].

PMID- 974367
TI  - Morphine-naloxone interaction in the central cholinergic system: the influence of
      subcortical lesioning and electrical stimulation.
AB  - 1 The opiate antagonist naloxone, injected or topically applied to the cerebral
      cortex, had no significant effect on the spontaneous output of cortical
      acetylcholine (ACh) in rats. 2 Morphine (2.5 mg/kg) administered intravenously
      inhibited the release of cortical ACh. A subsequent injection of naloxone rapidly
      reversed morphine-induced inhibition, and produced a sustained increase in the
      release of ACh. Topical application of naloxone solutions, after morphine,
      produced a slow and weak reversal of its inhibitory action. 3 Destruction of the
      medial thalamus abolished both the inhibitory effects of morphine on the cortical
      ACh release, and its antagonism by naloxone administered after the agonist. 4
      Injection of naloxone in a low dose (0.1 mg/kg) increased the release of cortical
      ACh provoked by electrical stimulation of either the medial thalamus or the
      reticular formation in normal rats. In the morphine-dependent rat, naloxone also
      facilitated the evoked release and its action was greater than in control
      animals. The facilitatory effect of naloxone on the cortical release evoked by
      stimulation of the medial thalamus was greater than its effect on the release
      evoked by stimulation of the reticular formation in both normal and morphine
      dependent rats. 5 Naltrexone, a narcotic antagonist, also facilitated the
      electrically stimulated release of cortical ACh. 6 It is suggested that (a)
      morphine and naloxone act at a subcortical site, probably the medial thalamus, to
      modify the cortical ACh release and that (b) naloxone may facilitate the
      electrically-induced release of ACh in the CNS by antagonizing the effect of the
      endogenous morphine-like factor, enkephalin.

PMID- 974368
TI  - The effect of catecholamines on the influx of calcium and the development of
      tension in denervated mouse diaphragm muscle.
AB  - 1 The nature of the catecholamine-induced contracture of chronically denervated
      mouse diaphragm muscle has been investigated and compared with the contractural
      response evoked by acetylcholine. 2 The time course of onset of catecholamine
      sensitivity in denervated diaphragm muscles was similar to the development of
      acetylcholine sensitivity. However, catecholamine contractures were absent in
      tissues denervated for periods longer than 90 days whereas acetylcholine
      sensitivity was still evident several months after denervation. 3 The
      catecholamine-induced contracture of the denervated muscle was inhibited
      specifically by beta-receptor blocking drugs and was unaffected by alpha-receptor
      blocking drugs and cholinoceptor antagonists. 4 Catecholamine-induced
      contractures of denervated muscles, unlike contractures to acetylcholine, were
      dependent upon the presence of spontaneous fibrillation and the amplitude of
      spontaneous fibrillation was increased by catecholamines. Fibrillation was absent
      in the presence of tetrodotoxin (1 muM), 2,4-dinitrophenol (10 muM), potassium
      cyanide (10 muM), ouabain (100 muM), in lithium chloride Ringer solution and at
      low temperature. Under these conditions catecholamine-induced contractures, but
      not those to acetylcholine, were abolished. 5 Labelled calcium was found
      progressively to enter denervated muscle fibres and this entry of calcium was
      increased by catecholamines. It is suggested that this calcium entry may
      represent either an increased calcium permeability of denervated muscle fibres
      which is increased further by catecholamines or the presence of a calcium current
      that occurs during the fibrillatory potentials of denervated muscle.

PMID- 974369
TI  - Effects of L-tryptophan and L-methionine on activity in the rat.
AB  - 1 The effects of an intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg/kg L-tryptophan and doses of
      100 and 150 mg/kg of L-methionine were investigated on activity in the rat. 2
      Activity was measured by a time sampling behaviour categorization procedure, and
      began 15 min after compound administration, lasting for a total of one hour. 3
      Total active behaviour in the first half hour was reduced after 20 mg/kg
      tryptophan, 100 or 150 mg/kg methionine. Only 20 mg/kg tryptophan led to a
      significant reduction in active behaviour during the second half hour. 4
      Administration of 100 mg/kg methionine plus 20 mg/kg tryptophan, and 150 mg/kg
      methionine plus 20 mg/kg tryptophan had no discernible effect on activity. 5 The
      results draw attention to the role of another amino acid in the modification of
      the behavioural effects of tryptophan.

PMID- 974370
TI  - Influence of dopamine and noradrenaline on isolated cerebral arteries of the dog.
AB  - 1 Effects of dopamine and noradrenaline were compared in helically-cut strips of
      canine cerebral arteries. 2 Dopamine caused a greater maximal contraction than
      noradrenaline, although the ED50 for noradrenaline was appreciably less. The
      contraction induced by these amines was reversed to a relaxation by treatment
      with phenoxybenzamine. 3 Relaxation induced by dopamine in phenoxybenzamine
      treated and prostaglandin-contracted cerebral arteries was not influenced by 1
      muM propranolol, while relaxation induced by noradrenaline at low concentrations
      (2 muM and 10 muM) was significantly attenuated. Neither aminophylline nor
      atropine affected the relaxant effect of dopamine. 4 A mechanism other than beta
      adrenergic, cholinergic or adenosine-related appears to be involved in the
      relaxation elicited by dopamine in cerebral arterial strips.

PMID- 974371
TI  - The actions of natural secretin on the small intestinal vasculature of the
      anaesthetized cat.
AB  - 1 A plethysmographic preparation of cat jejunum was used to measure changes in
      tissue volume and capillary filtration coefficient (CFC), simultaneously with
      measurements of arterial and venous pressures, and total blood flow. 2 Secretin
      was infused and injected intravenously and also infused intra-arterially in
      relatively small doses. Probable resulting blood concentrations were compared
      with those determined under physiological conditions in other investigations. 3
      By intravenous or intra-arterial infusion, secretin caused increases in CFC,
      indicating an increased functional exchange vessel area, and increases in jejunal
      volume, indicating increased vascular capacitance. The jejunal blood flow
      increased whilst the blood pressure remained essentially unchanged. 4 By
      intravenous injection, secretin caused rises in jejunal volume and reductions in
      calculated jejunal vascular resistance over the same dose range. Effects were
      statistically significant at 500 mu/kg and higher doses caused reductions in
      systemic arterial pressure. 5 The calculated peak blood concentrations of
      secretin resulting from the lower doses used in this investigation were of the
      same order of magnitude as those determined under physiological conditions in
      man. 6 It is possible that at physiological concentrations secretin causes an
      increased functional exchange vessel area in the small intestine, and may also
      increase the total blood flow through this tissue.

PMID- 974372
TI  - Labelled decamethonium in cat muscle.
AB  - 1 Tritium-labelled decamethonium was infused intravenously in 12 cats at final
      rates of 1.3-4.2 nmol kg-1 min-1 to produce a steady plasma concentration which
      ranged between 0.21-1.3 mumol/l in different experiments. Muscle contractions
      were elicited by nerve stimulation and the potential at the end-plate regions of
      superficial fibres was recorded by extracellular electrodes. 2 Under these
      conditions, it was not possible to obtain a steady degree of neuromuscular block.
      The initial decrease in muscle contractions was followed by recovery towards the
      original value although the concentration of decamethonium in the plasma remained
      constant, or in some cases rose. The initial depolarization of the end-plate
      region also waned during the constant infusion of the drug. 3 Once the twitch
      tension had returned to control values during infusion of the drug, prolongation
      of the infusion for a total of four hours did not produce a secondary
      neuromuscular block. 4 Scintillation counting showed that during infusion of
      labelled decamethonium the radioactivity of the muscles increased progressively
      with time. The uptake was less in the soleus muscle than in the fast-contracting
      flexor longus digitorum and extensor longus digitorum muscles. Muscles which had
      been denervated 12-13 days previously showed a greater uptake of labelled drug
      than control muscles from the contralateral limb. 5 The labelled drug was
      localized by autoradiography of frozen sections of leg muscles following intra
      arterial injection of decamethonium. Grain counts in individual fibres showed
      that small amounts of decamethonium had entered the muscle fibres along their
      entire length, and there was increased uptake of the drug into the cell in the
      region of the end-plate. 6 The mechanisms underlying the waning of the
      pharmacological response during constant application of depolarizing drugs are
      discussed.

PMID- 974373
TI  - Action of surugatoxin on nicotinic receptors in the superior cervical ganglion of
      the rat.
AB  - Surugatoxin (SGTX, 0.1-2 muM) reversibly depressed orthodromic transmission and
      antagonized the depolarizing action of carbachol on the isolated superior
      cervical ganglion of the rat. The apparent dissociation equilibrium constant
      against carbachol-induced depolarization (measured in the presence of hyoscine)
      was 58 and 76 nM determined at 0.2 and 2 muM respectively. SGTX (2muM) did not
      reduce the depolarizing effects of (+/-)-muscarine, gamma-aminobutyric acid or
      angiotensin, but did reduce that to 5-hydroxytryptamine. Release of [3H]
      acetylcholine following repetitive (10 Hz) preganglionic sympathetic stimulation
      was maintained in the presence of 2 muM SGTX. It is concluded that SGTX has a
      high and selective affinity for ganglionic nicotinic receptors.

PMID- 974374
TI  - Further studies on the mode of action of isoprenaline on gastric secretion in the
      conscious rat.
AB  - 1 The effect of isoprenaline on gastric secretion evoked by various means has
      been studied in conscious rats provided with Pavlov and Heidenhain pouches. 2
      Interdigestive acid secretion in the Pavlov pouch was reduced by isoprenaline,
      whereas pepsin secretion was unaltered. 3 Central vagal stimulation effected by 2
      deoxy-D-glucose injection evoked a gastric secretory response that was
      substantially reduced by isoprenaline. 4 2-Deoxy-D-glucose increased the
      mobilization of gastric mucosal histamine, an effect that was prevented by
      isoprenaline. 5 Isoprenaline infusion alone induced a slight increase in
      histamine mobilization and also a considerable elevation of immunoreactive serum
      gastrin concentration. 6 The secretory response to food in the Pavlov pouch was
      almost abolished by isoprenaline. 7 Although the acid response to histamine in
      the Heidenhain pouch was susceptible to isoprenaline inhibition, that to
      methacholine was not. 8 Pepsin secretion in the Heidenhain pouch preparation
      stimulated by histamine or methacholine seemed to be enhanced by isoprenaline.

PMID- 974375
TI  - A comparison of D and L-tryptophan on the cerebral metabolism of 5
      hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in the dog.
AB  - 1 After D and L-tryptophan (50 mg/kg) were given intravenously in the dog, the
      concentration of the amino acid was increased in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) during the subsequent 4 h or sampling, although the concentrations were
      significantly lower following the administration of the D-isomer. 2 There was no
      evidence that D-tryptophan increased the synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      in dog brain as judged by the failure to cause a change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
      acid (5-HIAA) concentrations in ventricular CSF different from that seen with
      controls. 3 There was no appreciable conversion of D-tryptophan to L-tryptophan
      in the dog. 4 D-tryptophan was cleared more rapidly from plasma than L
      tryptophan. 5 No difference in plasma binding between D and L-tryptophan was
      detected.

PMID- 974376
TI  - Circulatory effects of oral and subcutaneous administration in normal subjects of
      a new bronchodilator, ibuterol, a pro-drug to terbutaline.
AB  - 1 The di-isobutyryl ester of terbutaline, ibuterol, was given subcutaneously and
      orally to healthy volunteers and its effects on heart rate, arterial blood
      pressure, and ECG were compared with those of terbutaline itself. The effects of
      the two substances were qualitatively identical, but quantitatively different. 2
      By mouth, ibuterol acted more rapidly, and was 2-3 times more active. After
      intramuscular injection, ibuterol caused less increase in local blood flow than
      terbutaline. 3 Ibuterol can be regarded as a pro-drug, which in itself has little
      activity, but which can be made active in the body.

PMID- 974377
TI  - The action of tetraethyl-ammonium chloride on the response of the rat
      anococcygeus muscle to motor and inhibitory nerve stimulation and to some drugs.
AB  - 1 Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) 0.125 mM to 20 mM potentiates the response of
      the anococcygeus muscle to field stimulation of the motor adrenergic nerves
      without affecting the response to noradrenaline suggesting a pre-synaptic origin
      of potentiation. The potentiation is greatest at low, submaximal, frequencies (2
      Hz) of stimulation and only slight at the higher frequency of 20 Hz. This
      difference is due to the restraint imposed on the demonstration of potentiation
      by maximal or near maximal motor responses since reduction of the mechanical
      response at 20 Hz by either phentolamine (post-synaptic block) or guanethidine
      (pre-synaptic block) resulted in a great increase in potentiation of the response
      at this frequency. 2 TEA in concentrations up to 1 mM similarly potentites the
      response to inhibitory nerve stimulation and again the greatest effect is at low
      frequencies. Higher concentrations (5-20 mM) progressively depress the inhibitory
      response. It is suggested that TEA may specifically antagonize the post-synaptic
      action of the inhibitory transmitter and that at higher concentrations of TEA
      this effect dominates the pre-synaptic action in increasing transmitter release.
      3 TEA has no effect on the motor response to tyramine. 4 TEA (5-20 mM) causes a
      maintained rise in muscle tone. Part of this is abolished by phentolamine but
      part is resistant. A similar muscle stimulant action of TEA is observed in
      muscles from rats previously treated with 6-hydroxydopamine in which indirect
      sympathomimetic drugs and field stimulation could no longer produce a motor
      response. These results suggest that part of the motor effect of TEA is due to an
      increased spontaneous release of noradrenaline and part to a direct action on the
      muscle. 5 TEA 0.125 mM to 20 mM antagonize the stimulant action of carbachol.
      Dose-response curves show a parallel shift to the right with no change in the
      maximum response suggesting a competitive atropine-like action. Such an effect
      has previously been reported in amphibian tissue but not so far as we can
      determine in mammalian preparations. 6 The possible mode of action of TEA is
      discussed.

PMID- 974378
TI  - The kinetics of competitive antagonists on guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - 1 The kinetics of action of some competitive muscarinic and histamine antagonists
      were examined on guinea-pig isolated ileum and their behaviour compared with the
      predictions of the interaction-limited model described by Paton (1961). 2 The
      kinetics of antagonism were not consistent with the predictions of this model:
      (1) The apparent dissociation rate constant calculated from the decrease in
      occupancy on washout was not independent of the concentration of antagonist. (2)
      The dissociation rate constant of a 'slow' antagonist calculated from the change
      in occupancy when a 'fast' antagonist was superimposed varied with the
      concentration of fast antagonist. (3) If the concentration of slow antagonist was
      increased when the fast antagonist was superimposed so that the equilibrium
      occupancy of the 'slow' was the same as before, a transitional phase was
      observed. 3 The kinetics of antagonism were observed in longitudinal muscle
      strips and intact pieces of ileum, bathed in Tyrode or Krebs solution, and with
      isometric and isotonic recording. No evidence was found that the discrepancies
      between the interaction-limited model and the observed kinetics could be
      accounted for by the experimental method used. 4 It is therefore concluded that
      either access is rate-limiting in these circumstances or, if interaction is rate
      limiting, some alternative interaction-limited model is required to describe the
      kinetics of antagonism. In either case it would seem unwise at this time to
      calculate antagonist-receptor rate constants from the observed kinetics of
      antagonism.

PMID- 974379
TI  - The effect of high rates of vasopressin administration on renal potassium and
      sodium excretion during potassium loading in the sheep.
AB  - 1 The influence of potassium loading on the renal excretion of sodium, potassium
      and solute during high rate vasopressin administration has been investigated in
      sheep. 2 Adrenalectomized sheep were infused with 0.43 M KCl at 2 ml/min for 2
      2.5 hours. Coincident with the rise in plasma potassium concentration, the
      urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, solute and water was increased as was the
      reabsorption of solute-free water. The rates of urinary excretion of sodium and
      potassium, osmolal clearance (COsm) and solute-free water reabsorption (TcH2O)
      for the first 50 min of potassium infusion were each found to be linearly related
      to the plasma potassium concentration. 3 After 50 min an infusion of vasopressin
      at 1 or 4 mu/min was superimposed on the potassium infusion for a period of 30
      minutes. The administration of vasopressin was consistently associated with
      further augmentation of potassium excretion and clearance, of osmolal clearance
      and of solute-free water reabsorption to values above those anticipated from the
      pre-vasopressin regression lines for these parameters. Urinary sodium showed a
      coincident depression in the rate of excretion and clearance during the same
      period. 4 Thirty to fifty minutes after the cessation of vasopressin infusion the
      potassium and sodium excretions had returnied to values which approximated the
      pre-vasopressin relations between plasma potassium and the urinary excretions of
      these ions. 5 Both rates of vasopressin infusion were equally effective in
      increasing the potassium clearance. Any differences in clearance between the two
      rates of vasopressin administration were not statistically significant. 6 The
      large increments in potassium excretion (averaging greater than 40%) were
      interpreted as indicating that, when vasopressin is present at high
      concentrations, the distal tubule is one site of action of the hormone in the
      nephron of sheep.

PMID- 974380
TI  - The release of a coronary vasodilator metabolite from the guinea-pig isolated
      perfused heart stimulated by catecholamines, histamine and electrical pacing and
      by exposure to anoxia.
AB  - 1 A procedure involving two guinea-pig isolated hearts perfused in series is
      described for detecting in the recipient heart the release of a possible coronary
      vasodilator metabolite from the donor heart. 2 Adrenaline and isoprenaline
      stimulated the rate and force of contraction and produced a multiphasic coronary
      vascular response, the predominant phase of which was vasodilatation. When the
      beta-adrenoceptors of the recipient heart were blocked, stimulation of the donor
      heart by the catecholamines was associated with a coronary vasodilatation of the
      recipient heart. 3 Histamine stimulated rate and force of contraction and was
      predominantly coronary vasodilator. After blockade of histamine H1- and H2
      receptors in the recipient heart, coronary vasodilatation followed increases in
      activity of the donor heart in response to histamine. 4 These vasodilator
      responses of the recipient heart were attributed to the release from the donor
      heart of a vasodilator metabolite by the increased activity. This is the proposed
      mechanism for the predominant coronary vasodilator response to catecholamines and
      histamine. 5 Periods of electrically-paced tachycardia and anoxia of the donor
      heart also led to the release of vasodilator activity. 6 The possible identity of
      the metabolite is discussed.

PMID- 974381
TI  - Myocardial digoxin uptake: dissociation between digitalis-induced inotropism and
      myocardial loss of potassium.
AB  - The time course of myocardial uptake of digoxin, of increase in inotropic effect
      and of changes in myocardial potassium content were studied following a single
      intravenous dose of digoxin. Nineteen dogs with intact circulation were
      investigated by the use of a biopsy technique which allowed samplings before and
      10, 30, 60, and 90 min after administration of digoxin. The myocardial
      concentration of digoxin was 196 X 10(-9) mol/kg 10 min after administration of
      digoxin. Uptake continued at a slower rate, maximum concentration being 293 X 10(
      9) mol/kg at 60 minutes. The inotropic effect increased parallel with the uptake
      of digoxin; 10 min after digoxin, contractility was 127% of the control value and
      this increased to 139% at 90 minutes. Myocardial potassium content was slightly
      increased 10 min after digoxin, suggesting an initial stimulation of membrane Na+
      K+ ATPase. A subsequent significant fall in the myocardial potassium content
      probably reflects ATPase inhibition. The temporal dissociation between the early
      onset of the positive inotropic effect and the delayed inhibition of membrane Na+
      K+ ATPase indicates that inotropism of digitalis glycosides is not mediated by
      the same binding site as that responsible for inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase.

PMID- 974382
TI  - On the decrease of myocardial oxygen consumption induced by chloracyzine.
AB  - The effects of chloracyzine (2-chloro-10-(3-diethylaminopropionyl)-phenothiazine
      hydrochloride; antianginal drug) on myocardial oxygen consumption were studied in
      open-chest cats and cat isolated hearts using oximetry and polarography
      respectively. It was found that chloracyzine produced a decrease in myocardial
      oxygen consumption accompanied by a reduction in coronary blood flow preceded by
      transient coronary dilatation. Chloracyzine produced an insignificant increase in
      arterial pressure; heart rate increased slightly in the open-chest experiments
      but not in the isolated heart. It is suggested that reduced oxygen uptake after
      chloracyzine is realized through improved efficiency in the use of oxygen.

PMID- 974383
TI  - Bradykinin and functional vasodilatation in the salivary gland.
AB  - Blood flow through the submandibular gland of the dog was measured and the venous
      effluent monitored for potential mediators of the functional vasodilatation by
      passing it over a series of assay tissues. On chorda lingual nerve stimulation
      there was salivation, an increased blood flow and the release of a bradykinin
      like substance (kinin) into the venous effluent. In about half of the
      preparations, increasing the frequency of stimulation from 2 to 10 Hz led to an
      increased output of kinin, whereas in the others successive stimulations led to a
      decreasing output of kinin in the face of normal secretory and vascular
      responses. Following the administration of atropine, the vasodilatation
      persisted, salivation was abolished and after several stimulations kinin release
      could no longer be detected. Release of prostaglandin did not appear to be
      responsible for the vasodilatation. It is concluded that neither kallikrein nor
      kinin is the main mediator of parasympathetic vasodilatation in the salivary
      gland.

PMID- 974384
TI  - Effect of indomethacin and prostaglandin on the smooth muscle contracting
      activity of angiotensin and other agonists.
AB  - Indomethacin had an equal inhibitory effect on the response of the guinea-pig
      isolated ileum to angiotensin II (angiotensin), bradykinin, histamine and
      acetylcholine. This effect did not seem to result from inhibition of
      prostaglandin synthesis, as it did not depend on the time of treatment with
      indomethacin. Prostaglandin E2 (prostaglandin) potentiated the responses of the
      guinea-pig ileum to angiotensin, bradykinin, histamine and acetylcholine without
      significant differences in the effects observed. In the rabbit isolated
      mesenteric and coeliac arteries, indomethacin had an equal potentiating effect on
      the responses to angiotensin and to adrenaline. In these organs pre-incubation
      with indomethacin was necessary for the effect to be observed, and this effect
      lasted for 2 h or more after that drug was removed from the medium. No cross
      tachyphylaxis between angiotensin and adrenaline was observed in the rabbit
      mesenteric and coeliac arteries. It is concluded that the effects of indomethacin
      and prostaglandin on the response of the guinea-pig ileum to the four agonists
      result from an action on the smooth muscle contractile mechanism per se rather
      than from an inhibitory action on the release of endogenous prostaglandin
      produced by the four agonists. The results with the rabbit isolated arteries
      indicate that tachyphylaxis to angiotensin in these organs is not caused by
      prostaglandin release.

PMID- 974385
TI  - The denervated cremaster muscle of the guinea-pig as a pharmacological
      preparation.
AB  - The pharmacological responses of both denervated and innervated cremaster muscle
      preparations from the guinea-pig have been investigated and compared.
      Acetylcholine (ACh) dose-response curves were obtained in both preparations. The
      affinity constants for (+)-tubocurarine and for atropine were calculated and
      indicated that the ACh receptors in both preparations were nicotinic. Histamine
      dose-response curves could be obtained only in the denervated preparation. The
      response was unaltered by metiamide, and the affinity constant for mepyramine
      fitted in with those previously obtained by others on ileum and trachea,
      indicating that the histamine receptors are H1 in type. Sustained contractions
      were obtained to adrenaline and noradrenaline but not isoprenaline, with the
      denervated preparations. Schultz-Dale responses were obtained with denervated
      muscle in sensitized guinea-pigs. This preparation did not respond to 5
      hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin, or the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis.

PMID- 974386
TI  - The action of microelectrophoretically applied L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
      (DOPA) on single cortical neurones.
AB  - The technique of microelectrophoresis was used in order to compare the actions of
      L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and noradrenaline on single neurones in the
      cerebral cortices of cats and rats. DOPA could both excite and depress cortical
      neurones. Cells excited by DOPA were also excited by noradrenaline and cells
      depressed by DOPA were also depressed by noradrenaline. In the case of both
      excitatory and depressant responses, DOPA appeared to be less potent than
      noradrenaline. Responses to DOPA and noradrenaline could be antagonized by
      phentolamine and propranolol. Responses to acetylcholine were not affected.
      Responses to acetylcholine, but not responses to DOPA, were antagonized by
      atropine. The results indicate that locally applied DOPA may mimic the actions of
      noradrenaline on cortical neurones. Possible mechanisms for these effects of DOPA
      are discussed.

PMID- 974387
TI  - Effects of ketamine on the peripheral autonomic nervous system of the rat.
AB  - The effects of ketamine (2-(o-chlorophenyl) 2-methylaminocyclohexanone) (2-50
      mg/kg) on the responses of the pithed rat arterial pressure, anococcygeus muscle
      and colon to selective stimulation of the spinal autonomic outflows were
      examined. Ketamine depressed the vasopressor response produced by stimulation of
      the lumbar sympathetic outflow in a dose-dependent manner but did not
      significantly affect the pressor response to intravenous noradrenaline (NA)
      administration. Ketamine depressed the motor responses of the anococcygeus to
      stimulation of the pre-ganglionic lumbar sympathetic outflow or to stimulation of
      post-ganglionic fibres in the sacral region in a dose-dependent manner, the
      response to preganglionic stimulation being relatively more sensitive to such
      depression. The anococcygeus response to NA was significantly potentiated with
      doses of ketamine of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. Ketamine depressed the motor response
      of the smooth muscle of the colon to stimulation of the sacral parasympathetic
      outflow in a dose-dependent manner and at lower doses than were required to
      produce an equivalent depression of the sympathetic responses in the other
      tissues. A comparison was made of the effects of ketamine and cocaine on the
      motor responses of the anococcygeus muscle in vitro to NA, carbachol and field
      stimulation. Both ketamine and cocaine produced a non-specific depression of all
      responses at high doses whereas cocaine but not ketamine produced a large
      potentiation of NA and motor nerve responses at lower doses. The results are
      discussed in relation to the hypothesis that ketamine might elevate blood
      pressure in conscious animals and man by potentiating vascular adrenergic
      responses.

PMID- 974388
TI  - Renal function and renal venous prostaglandin concentrations during different
      stages of experimental renal hypertension in the rat.
AB  - Renal hypertension was produced in rats and the changes in renal function, renal
      venous prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha concentrations and secretion rates were
      studied at various times. Renal plasma flow transiently fell in the ischaemic
      kidney 2 weeks after clamping, whilst that of the other kidney did not change.
      Glomerular filtration rate remained constant in both kidneys throughout the
      entire study. Prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha concentrations rose in the venous
      plasma from the ischaemic kidney, but did not change in the other kidney and
      appeared to be inversely related to renal plasma flow. Calculated secretion rate
      of both prostaglandins fell in the ischaemic kidney and did not change in the
      other kidney. Clamping the second kidney, two weeks after the first, caused a
      further elevation in blood pressure, a fall in renal plasma flow and a fall in
      prostaglandin secretion rate in both kidneys. The implications of these
      prostaglandin changes are discussed.

PMID- 974389
TI  - The lack of effect of oxytetracycline on responses to sympathetic nerve
      stimulation and catecholamines in vascular tissue.
AB  - The effects of oxytetracycline, an inhibitor of amine binding in connective
      tissue, on the responses of perfused rabbit ear arteries to sympathetic nerve
      stimulation and to intraluminally administered noradrenaline were examined. The
      contractions of aortic strips to catecholamines in the presence of
      oxytetracycline were also examined. Oxytetracycline (0.1 mM) had no discernable
      effect on the magnitude of constrictions, measured as reductions in flow,
      produced by either nerve stimulation (0.5-10 Hz) or noradrenaline (0.5-50 ng) in
      the ear artery. In addition, the time taken for vessels to recover towards
      control flow values after endogenously released or exogenously applied
      noradrenaline had acted was not increased by oxytetracycline. Oxytetracycline
      (0.1 mM) did not alter the position or shape of the concentration-response curve
      to noradrenaline nor did it enhance the amplitude of individual responses to
      catecholamines in aortic strips. It is concluded, contrary to the observations of
      Powis (1973), that oxytetracycline does not increase the magnitude or duration of
      responses to sympathetic nerve activation or to catecholamines and that binding
      to connective tissue is of no material consequence in terminating their action in
      vascular tissue.

PMID- 974390
TI  - Heterogeneity of inhibitory mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens and preoptic area
      of the [proceedings].

PMID- 974391
TI  - Comparative studies on the effects of metoclopramide and some known neuroleptics
      on the EEG of the conscious rat [proceedings].

PMID- 974392
TI  - Some effects of mazindol on the metabolism of monoamines in the rat brain
      [proceedings].

PMID- 974393
TI  - Is the striato-nigral pathway responsible for 'feed-back' control of dopamine
      release [proceedings]?

PMID- 974394
TI  - The effects of anorectic drugs on uptake and release of brain monoamines
      [proceedings].

PMID- 974395
TI  - Effect of chronic pretreatment with sympathomimetic bronchodilator drugs on the
      responsiveness of guinea-pig lung adenylate cyclase in vitro [proceedings].

PMID- 974396
TI  - The effect of acute doses of buprenorphine on concentrations of homovanillic acid
      (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
      (MHPG) in the rat forebrain [proceedings].

PMID- 974397
TI  - The stimulated release of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase from intact organs of normo-
      and hypertensive rats [proceedings].

PMID- 974398
TI  - Evidence for tryptamine receptors on cardiac sympathetic nerves [proceedings].

PMID- 974399
TI  - Studies on monoamine oxidase in rat spinal cord [proceedings].

PMID- 974400
TI  - Effect of denervation and cocaine on the response of isolated rat vas deferens to
      noradrenaline and methoxamine [proceedings].

PMID- 974401
TI  - The effects of AH 5158 on metabolism of 3H(-)noradrenaline released from the cat
      spleen by nerve stimulation [proceedings].

PMID- 974402
TI  - Studies on the marked antihypertensive properties of indapamide (SE 1520) in rats
      and cats [proceedings].

PMID- 974403
TI  - Effect of endogenous metabolites on the binding of o-methyl red to human serum
      albumin [proceedings].

PMID- 974404
TI  - In vivo absorption studies with paraquat and diquat in the dog [proceedings].

PMID- 974405
TI  - Change in sensitivity to halothane in the rat following administration of sodium
      barbitone in the drinking water [proceedings].

PMID- 974406
TI  - Some effects of D600, nifedipine and sodium nitroprusside on electrical and
      mechanical activity in rat portal vein [proceedings].

PMID- 974407
TI  - Fitting a general sigmoid model to pharmacological response curves [proceedings].

PMID- 974408
TI  - A postsynaptic action of prostaglandin E1 on sympathetic responses in guinea-pig
      ileum [proceedings].

PMID- 974409
TI  - The effect of subcutaneous injections of adrenaline on platelet MAO activity
      [proceedings].

PMID- 974410
TI  - Accumulation of biogenic amines by rabbit erythrocytes [proceedings].

PMID- 974411
TI  - Effect of p-bromophenacyl bromide, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, on
      prostaglandin production by the guinea-pig uterus [proceedings].

PMID- 974412
TI  - Generation of thromboxane A2-like activity from prostaglandin endoperoxides by
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte homogenates [proceedings].

PMID- 974413
TI  - The effect of pulmonary metabolites of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2alpha on ADP
      induced aggregation of human and rabbit platelets [proceedings].

PMID- 974414
TI  - Stimulation of platelets by bis-enoic prostaglandins [proceedings].

PMID- 974415
TI  - Malondialdehyde production and the release reaction in rat blood platelets:
      inhibition by aspirin and indomethacin ex vivo [proceedings].

PMID- 974416
TI  - Transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine by rat and human platelets [proceedings].

PMID- 974417
TI  - The effects of corticosteroids on the responses of the anococcygeus and
      gastrocnemius muscles to nerve stimulation in the pithed rat [proceedings].

PMID- 974418
TI  - The action of metiamide in anaphylaxis in vivo in the guinea-pig [proceedings].

PMID- 974419
TI  - Factors regulating the time-course of the relaxation of rabbit aorta strips after
      contraction by angiotensin II [proceedings].

PMID- 974420
TI  - K+-induced relaxations of the rat anococcygeus muscle [proceedings].

PMID- 974421
TI  - How can one set multiple choice examinations of equal difficulty from year to
      year [proceedings]?

PMID- 974422
TI  - Comparisons of performance in pharmacology examinations using multiple choice and
      essay questions [proceedings].

PMID- 974423
TI  - The teaching of pharmacology to undergraduate pharmacy students [proceedings].

PMID- 974424
TI  - Career patterns in science graduate pharmacologists [proceedings].

PMID- 974425
TI  - The polymorph transfer reaction: a model system for the study of acute
      inflammation [proceedings].

PMID- 974426
TI  - Arachidonic acid-induced paw oedema in the rat [proceedings].

PMID- 974427
TI  - Class experiment with student volunteers illustrating the influence of
      formulation on absorption of aspirin [proceedings].

PMID- 974428
TI  - Intersubject variability of sulphadimidine acetylation in student volunteers
      [proceedings].

PMID- 974429
TI  - Developments in the use of television for pharmacology teaching [proceedings].

PMID- 974430
TI  - Effective pharmacological demonstration to 100 students [proceedings].

PMID- 974431
TI  - A new method of obtaining human skin inflammatory exudate for pharmacological
      analysis [proceedings].

PMID- 974432
TI  - Aberdeen-Dundee medicines evaluation and monitoring group [proceedings].

PMID- 974433
TI  - Study of disease associations from linked records.
AB  - Comparisons are made between the principal diagnosis on discharge from hospital
      in successive periods of inpatient care for persons in the Oxford Record Linkage
      Study area admitted over a period of years. The observed numbers of pairs of
      diagnoses are compared with expected numbers computed to take account of the
      discharge rates in the population by age and sex and the number of man years of
      exposure. Three topics have been selected to display some of the types of
      analysis possible with the very extensive material: mental disorder and diseases
      of the central nervous system, hospital discharges preceding those for neoplasm,
      and discharges following those for tuberculosis. The details of the method of
      calculation of the observed and expected numbers and the assumptions and
      approximations involved are given in an Appendix.

PMID- 974434
TI  - Cancer mortality and saccharin consumption in diabetics.
AB  - The mortality experience of 5971 members of the British Diabetic Association
      (BDA) was followed-up for between five and eight years to mid-1973. Overall, 1207
      deaths occurred compared with 778 expected from the mortality of the population
      of England and Wales in 1972. This excess of deaths was due almost entirely to
      diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease. Deaths from cancer (128) were
      significantly fewer than expected (168), mainly because of a deficit in the
      number of deaths from cancers related to smoking (cancers of the buccal cavity
      and pharynx, oesophagus, respiratory system, and bladder). There was also a lower
      than expected mortality from chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Data on saccharin
      consumption by BDA members showed that more than half of them used saccharin
      tablets daily, with an overall daily intake of three to six tablets, depending on
      age and sex. Information on a small sample of survivors from the mortality study
      suggested that about 23% of them would have taken saccharin daily for 10 years or
      more and 10% for 25 years or more by the end of the follow-up. It was concluded
      that these relatively high levels of saccharin intake had not increased the risk
      of cancer in general among BDA members.

PMID- 974435
TI  - The relationship between blood pressure and biochemical risk factors in a general
      population.
AB  - The relationship between blood pressure, ponderal index, sex, blood glucose,
      haemoglobin, serum uric acid, calcium cholesterol and creatinine, and albumin has
      been examined in 698 subjects aged between 44 and 49 years from the register of a
      group general practice. Sixty per cent of the variation in systolic pressure
      could be explained by statistically significant associations with diastolic
      pressure, sex, blood glucose, serum calcium, and cholesterol. The diastolic blood
      pressure (not corrected for systolic pressure) was significantly related only to
      ponderal index, haemoglobin in men, and cholesterol in women. Pulse pressure was
      also positively related to the risk factors blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and
      calcium. The possibility is discussed that one or more of these variables reduce
      aortic compliance and that the serum calcium contributes to this end. Diastolic,
      but not systolic pressure, had a prime association with relative weight, obesity
      being only basically associated with an increase in diastolic pressure.

PMID- 974436
TI  - Mental capability of children exposed to lead pollution.
AB  - 'Eleven-plus' school examination scores were obtained for 851 Birmingham children
      residing since birth in a lead-polluted area and 1642 children residing in two
      similar but unpolluted areas. It was found that the children in the lead-polluted
      area actually scored higher on the average than children in the control areas.
      Within the area of lead contamination, children living closest to the source of
      pollution did not have significantly lower scores than children living further
      away. The results indicate that lead pollution of the magnitude reported in this
      investigation did not have a demonstrable effect on the mental capabilities of
      children in the affected community.

PMID- 974437
TI  - Epidemiology of twin births from a climatic point of view.
AB  - The twinning rate was analysed using figures taken from statistics for Japan.
      During the years 1955 to 1959 there were 58 570 twin deliveries out of a total of
      9 088 233, a frequency of 6-44 per 1000. Using Winberg's differential method for
      zygosity estimation, the monozygotic twinning rate was 4-04 per 1000 and the
      dizygotic was 2-40. Twinning rates in 46 prefectures were also estimated and
      their correlations with meteorological parameters as well as with the mortality
      from cerebrovascular disease were examined. The twinning rates increased from a
      low level in the south west to a high level in the north east of Japan. The
      tendency was more obvious for the dizygotic than the monozygotic twinning rate. A
      negative correlation was observed between incidence rates of dizygotic twins and
      mean air-temperatures throughout the year, and a positive one between incidences
      of dizygotic twins and mortality rates for vascular lesions affecting the central
      nervous system in 46 prefectures. A seasonal variation of twinning rates was also
      observed in Niigata City for statistics of births during the periods 1948-55 and
      1963-70. This took the form of a bimodal curve, with high conception rates for
      twin births in intermediate mild seasons, the spring and autumn and, low rates in
      the more stressful hot and cold seasons. These relationships between climate and
      twin births within a single race-group are discussed.

PMID- 974438
TI  - A study of the validity of the Hospital Activity Analysis information.
AB  - For a number of years the medical profession and its administrators have been
      using statistical tabulations from the Hospital Activity Analysis returns. The
      quality of this information has often been criticized and no attempt has been
      made to quantify the levels of 'errors' in England and Wales. This paper reports
      the findings of such a study in Nottingham, and concludes that the Hospital
      Activity Analysis system in that area is almost as good as the clinical notes
      from which it is derived.

PMID- 974439
TI  - Accuracy of cancer registration.
AB  - In South Wales cancer registration is done principally by means of the Hospital
      Activity Analysis. Altogether 1460 hospital records of cancer patients (19% of
      the 1972 registrations received by May 1973) were studied and the principal items
      of information required for cancer registrations by the Office of Population
      Censuses and Surveys were copied and subsequently compared with the corresponding
      registrations at the Welsh Hospital Board's cancer bureau. Differences between
      these 're-registrations' and the original registrations were analysed item by
      item. There were 234 registrations with errors in the diagnostic summary
      (although 110 of these would cause misclassification only under the fourth digit
      of the ICD code), 164 with errors in date of birth (36 of which would cause
      classification in the wrong WHO age group) and 198 with errors in the date of
      registration (112 of which were wrongly ascribed to the year 1972). Error and
      omission rates were particularly high for NHS number, occupation, place of birth,
      and histology.

PMID- 974440
TI  - Personality and symptom pattern in depression.
AB  - This paper reports relationships between symptoms and premorbid personality in a
      varied sample of depressed patients. Symptoms were rated by a psychiatrist at
      clinical interview; personality was rated by patients on a self-report after
      clinical improvement, using the Maudsley Personality Inventory and an inventory
      of obsessive, hysterical and oral personality. Additional ratings on the latter
      were obtained at interview with a relative. The most prominent finding was that
      patients with premorbid neuroticism also showed a neurotic rather than an
      endogenous symptom pattern. Additional relationships were relatively weak but
      consistent with previous studies. Depressives with neurotic rather than
      endogenous symptom pattern showed more evidence of oral dependent personality and
      less obsessionality. Patients with hysterical personalities tended to be less
      severely ill and to show a pattern characterized by mixed depression and
      hostility with less evidence of anxiety.

PMID- 974441
TI  - Cardiac effects of different tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
AB  - The effects of tricyclic antidepressants on the heart are reviewed. Statistically
      significant increases in heart rate and in atrioventricular conduction times were
      found following the administration of tricyclic drugs to 32 depressed patients.
      The method of His bundle electrocardiography was used to study atrioventricular
      conduction in ambulant patients and in patients admitted after an overdose of
      tricyclic antidepressant drugs. Distal conduction defects were frequently found
      in patients following tricyclic overdosage, but these were not seen with doxepin
      overdosage. Impaired distal conduction was also found in occasional patients on
      therapeutic doses of tricyclic drugs. Some animal experiments giving similar
      results to the above clinical findings are also described. The clinical
      implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 974442
TI  - Mianserin hydrochloride: a novel antidepressant.
AB  - The antidepressant activities of mianserin hydrochloride were investigated and
      compared with those of amitriptyline. The therapeutic efficacy of the two drugs
      appeared similar, but the incidence of side-effects was significantly higher with
      amitriptyline. Plasma levels of mianserin were determined during the trial and
      were not related to the therapeutic activity of the drug.

PMID- 974443
TI  - Circadian body temperature in chronic schizophrenia.
AB  - The 24-hour oral temperatures of 51 chronic schizophrenic patients, 19 non
      schizophrenic chronic psychiatric patients and 14 non-patients have been measured
      and compared. The chronic schizophrenias have an ealier peak temperature and
      differ significantly from the other groups. Compared with the non-schizophrenic
      patients their hourly mean temperatures reach significantly higher levels in the
      morning. Compared with the non-patients their mean temperatures fall to
      significantly lower levels in the evening after 5:00 pm.

PMID- 974444
TI  - Mental disorder and season of birth--a southern hemisphere study.
AB  - Studies on the relationship between season of birth and mental disorder have been
      substantially confined to northern hemisphere regions. Such studies have
      generally found an excess of winter births of schizophrenics, and variably an
      excess of winter births of manic-depressive and mentally retarded patients. In
      the present study information on sex, diagnosis and date of birth was obtained on
      all 20,358 patients first admitted to psychiatric facilities in New South Wales
      between July 1970 and June 1974 and born in New South Wales. The collective 1962
      71 monthly live-births for New South Wales were used as a control. A significant
      winter excess was found for the female schizophrenic group, while a significant
      spring excess was found for neurotic patients, most marked in those with anxiety
      neurosis. It is hypothesized that the relationship between schizophrenia and
      winter birth is consequent upon a greater sensitivity of schizophrenics to those
      physiological factors which determine conception in the general population.

PMID- 974445
TI  - Predicting success in the treatment of psychopaths.
AB  - Factors from the social history of male psychopaths were examined in relation to
      their success or failure as measured by re-convictions of psychiatric hospital re
      admissions 2-3 years after treatment at Henderson Hospital. From these data a
      weighted prediction formula was calculated and was tested out on a further cohort
      of patients. As a prediction instrument it was found to be reliable to a degree
      of significance just above the 1 per cent level. Other aspects of the subsequent
      career of treated patients are noted, in particular a tendency to early but often
      short-lived relapse and then longer standing success.

PMID- 974446
TI  - The scope of psychiatry.

PMID- 974447
TI  - Limbic leucotomy.

PMID- 974448
TI  - The effects of stimulus attributes upon latency of word recognition.
AB  - This experiment investigated the properties affecting the time taken to read
      individual words and to discriminate between words and non-words. The number of
      letters in a word was found to affect the time taken to read it aloud, but not
      the time taken to discriminate it from non-words. The frequency of a word
      affected the time for discrimination, but not that for reading. Non-words which
      obeyed the rules of English orthography and phonology were more difficult to
      discriminate from words than those which violated those rules. Imageability,
      concreteness, and the number of syllables in a word were found not to affect
      performance, nor were derived nouns more difficult to process than simple nouns.
      It is suggested that reading aloud employs grapheme-phoneme translation based
      upon a letter-by-letter analysis of the stimulus: that discriminating words from
      non-words obeying the rules of English orthography and phonology employs a search
      of the lexicon based upon a holistic analysis of the stimulus; and that
      discriminating words from non-words violating those rules employs a direct test
      of the regularity of the stimulus based upon the combinatory rules of English
      orthography.

PMID- 974449
TI  - A failure to explain the effects of false heart-rate feedback on affect by
      induced changes in physiological response.
AB  - An experiment was performed to validate and extend the self-persuasion hypothesis
      of Valins by using slide stimuli reported to create strong unpleasant feelings.
      The hypothesis suggests that in situations where there is no immediate
      explanation of induced arousal in terms of a cue of false heart-rate feedback
      then reported affect is dependent on a cognitive interpretation. Evidence is
      presented in the present study which not only supports such an interpretation but
      finds no support for a previous study that reported changes in affect to be a
      consequence of induced changes in actual physiological responses. The implication
      of this discrepancy from the previous reported findings are related to the
      possible efficiency of techniques of systematic desensitization.

PMID- 974450
TI  - The electrodermal component of the orienting response in blind and deaf
      individuals.
AB  - Skin conductance response (SCR) was monitored as an index of the orienting
      response (OR) to a series of 20 tones presented to blind and sighted
      schoolchildren. Blind children showed fewer criterion SCRs than sighted children,
      and significantly more of the blind sample exhibited SCR habituation. The blind
      group also demonstrated fewer non-specific SCRs than sighted control subjects,
      but demonstrated a higher average skin conductance level (SCL). A second
      experiment found similar effects for deaf versus hearing children presented with
      simple visual stimulation, save that no significant difference was observed
      between these groups in SCL. These results can be explained by assuming that loss
      of modality results in more efficient development of a neuronal model of the
      salient features of stimuli impinging on the remaining intact modalities. An
      explanation in terms of the assessed significance of the stimulus situation can
      also be entertained. The atypical skin conductance activity of three of the blind
      group was given separate consideration.

PMID- 974451
TI  - Qualitative analysis of the performance of introverts and extraverts on Standard
      Progressive Matrices.
AB  - The present study was designed to bring out the differences between extraverts
      and introverts on Standard Progressive Matrices. A group of 100 subjects of equal
      number of sexes were given a qualitative analysis of their performance on SPM.
      The study brought out the initial superiority of extraverts over introverts. But
      with passage of time and increase in difficulty level the introverts did
      significantly better as shown both by the t-ratios and the F-ratios. Personality
      interacted with sex to yield differences in performance of wrong scores only.
      These findings were discussed in terms of arousal, cortical excitation and
      reactive inhibition.

PMID- 974452
TI  - Cognitive strategies and multidimensional scaling.
AB  - The problems involved in equating multidimensional scaling solutions with
      cognitive strategies are considered. Empirical evidence is presented to suggest
      that scaling solutions are relatively insensitive to the combination rule used by
      subjects, and thus may be used as an indication of the basic variables, but not
      their method of combination, that underlie a cognitive strategy.

PMID- 974453
TI  - Right- and left-handed counting of braille dots in subjects unaccustomed to
      braille.
AB  - Previous work has shown that children acquainted with Braille can usually read
      better with their left than with their right hand. It is also known that, at
      least in right-handed people, the right cerebral hemisphere is dominant for
      counting dots. The present paper compares, in right-handed subjects unacquainted
      with Braille, the comparative skill of right and left middle (M) and index (I)
      fingers in counting Braille dots. In one experiment with 30 subjects no
      significant difference was found between LI and RI fingers. Another experiment
      failed to reveal any R/L differences although it detected a superiority of I over
      M fingers at P less than 0-025. When the task was split between the two I fingers
      working simultaneously they performed significantly (P less than 0-001) better
      than when working alone. This latter finding is thought to have a bearing on the
      failure to detect R/L differences; other possible explanations of the findings
      are also discussed.

PMID- 974454
TI  - Malignancies following low radiation exposures in man.

PMID- 974455
TI  - Selective renal occlusion phlebography with a balloon catheter.
AB  - Technique of selective renal occlusion phlebography is described. For the
      temporary occlusion of the renal vein a Swan-Ganz or Dotter-Lucas balloon
      catheter are used. The balloon catheter is directed into the renal vein using a
      Desilets-Hoffmann or EDSLAB introducer. Occlusion of the renal vein is achieved
      by insufflation of 2-3 ml. air into the balloon of the catheter. Selective renal
      occlusion phlebography leads to optimal retrograde opacification of the renal
      venous system.

PMID- 974456
TI  - Radiological manifestations of oesophageal involvement in acanthosis nigricans.
AB  - Radiologic features of two cases of acanthosis nigricans with oesophageal
      involvement are reported. The first case demonstrated diffuse, granular shadows
      throughout the oesophagus which were difficult to differentiate from oesophageal
      moniliasis. Another case showed many discrete and tiny elevations resembling
      pseudopolyposis of the colon. Emphasis is placed on radiological differential
      diagnosis from moniliasis and leukoplakia of the oesophagus.

PMID- 974457
TI  - Pineal gland calcification (PGC) in Ugandans. A radiological study of 200
      isolated pineal glands.
AB  - Two hundred formalin-fixed pineal glands from consecutive unselected post-mortems
      on Ugandan Africans have been X-rayed. The degree of pineal gland calcification
      has been divided into four stages and it is shown that 43 per cent of all pineal
      glands after the age of ten years are likely to be detected in an ordinary skull
      X ray. This high percentage of calcification contrasts with the previously
      reported low figure from races other than whites. The pineal glands from females
      were more often calcified and heavier than those from males; however, the stalks
      of pineal glands from males were calcified more frequently than those of females.
      The average weight per decade was almost constant. In Ugandan Africans the pineal
      glands were significantly lighter than in Caucasians, and a possible reason for
      this is briefly discussed.

PMID- 974458
TI  - "Vascular" cerebral infarctions demonstrated by serial gamma-camera scinti
      photography.
AB  - The apparently paradoxical appearance of increased vascularity appearing in the
      radionuclide angiographic studies of a patient with cerebral infarction has
      recently been described and attributed to the "luxury perfusion syndrome". It is
      suggested that this phenomenon occurs more frequently than previously thought and
      in fact has been observed in nine patients presenting for a cerebral scan during
      a ten-month period. These cases are reviewed and an alternative explanation for
      the occurrence of increased vascularity on the dynamic study is submitted.

PMID- 974459
TI  - Computerized axial tomography: estimation of spatial and density resolution
      capability.
AB  - The spatial and density resolution capability of the EMI-Scanner device for
      computerized axial tomography has been determined in vitro. For density
      differences greater than +/-1 per cent the spatial resolution is 6 X 6 mm. For
      density differences of 3 per cent and greater the resolution is 3 X 3 mm. Density
      resolution is at least +/-1 per cent for objects greater than 1 cm. Preliminary
      data on in vitro measurement of X-ray linear attenuation coefficients in tissue
      biopsies and standard solutions are given, together with the early results of
      enhancement of tissue density differences in vivo. Implications of this new
      technique for an in vivo neuropathology are suggested.

PMID- 974460
TI  - A comparison of clinical results in brain scanning using germanium semiconductor
      detectors and sodium iodide detectors.
AB  - A comparison is presented of the image quality obtained with a 70 mm Ge(Li)
      detector scanner and with routine techniques based on NaI (Tl) detectors. One
      hundred and sixty-five pairs of brain scans have been examined for which the
      patients have been scanned with both Ge(Li) and NaI (Tl) detectors. It is
      concluded that no major difficulties exist in introducing Ge(Li) scanners and
      that while a comparison of scans from different instruments is difficult there is
      evidence that improved diagnostic information may be obtained from scanners with
      Ge(Li) detectors.

PMID- 974461
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of mouse intestinal mucosa after cobalt 60 and D-T
      neutron irradiation.
AB  - The stem-cell population of the intestinal crypt is an important model system in
      experimental radiobiology. Standardized techniques have been developed to allow
      quantitation of the response of crypt cells to radiation injury following doses
      of 0-2 krad of D-T neutrons or 60Co gamma rays. These techniques rely on the
      identification of regenerating crypt cells three-and-a-half days after
      irradiation. The results are expressed as the number of regenerating crypts per
      circumference of small intestine, as determined by conventional histological
      examination; the more profound the injury, the smaller the crypt count. The
      practical relevance of crypt-counting techniques to clinical radiotherapy is
      limited by their relative insensitivity; the dose levels commonly used in
      fractionated radiotherapy produce no detectable response. Scanning electron
      microscopy of the mucosal surface provides a more sensitive measure of radiation
      injury. The earliest detectable changes occur at the level of 300 rad of gamma
      radiation, well below the threshold of the crypt-counting technique. At around
      1,000 rad, where the first drop in crypt counts occurs, there are well-marked
      morphological changes which become more severe with increasing dose levels. Some
      differences have been observed between the morphological effects of gamma and
      neutron irradiation at points of radiobiological equivalence in terms of crypt
      counts (using an RBE value of about 2). The changes observed may reflect more
      than the disruption of epithelial cell kinetics. Mucosal morphology is the total
      expression of many different biological parameters of which the regenerative
      ability of the crypt cells is only one. The surface microanatomy of the gut may
      be the most sensitive indicator of radiation injury which is conveniently
      available for study.

PMID- 974462
TI  - Measurements of neutron spectra at depths in tissue equivalent material for fast
      neutron beams generated by deuterons on beryllium.
AB  - The threshold foil technique has been used to investigate the behaviour in tissue
      of the spectra of neutron beams produced by the bombardment of thick Be targets
      with 13-0 and 20-5 MeV deuterons. The results indicate a gradual "softening" with
      depth in tissue of the spectrum generated by 20-5 MeV deutrons which contrasts
      with a gradual hardening as reported by other authors. This is discussed in terms
      of the significance of field size and the methods used for data collection and
      analysis.

PMID- 974463
TI  - Grey-scale ultrasonic imaging of the kidney.
AB  - The ultrasonic appearances of the kidney in images which contain grey shades
      corresponding to the detected echo-pulse heights have been examined. These
      "greyscale" images were obtained using a standard Nuclear Enterprises
      Diasonograph 4102B and a Varian 620/L digital computer interfaced to this
      Diasonograph. The computer was used to analyse and display the ultrasonograms
      with 16 grey shades. Both kidneys of 36 subjects were examined and compared with
      IVU findings. This group included patients with normal kidneys, polycystic
      kidneys, hydronephrosis, glomerulonephritis and neoplastic tumours. It was found
      possible to make sharp, grey-shaded ultrasonograms which were very useful to the
      diagnostician. In particular, the grey shade of the renal parenchyma was used as
      a standard to compare other grey-shaded structures. Also the grey shading was
      useful in defining the renal pelvis in transverse scans and the renal poles in
      axial scan.

PMID- 974464
TI  - A simplified method for demonstrating the profunda femoris artery.

PMID- 974465
TI  - Transcatheter arterial embolization in a patient bleeding from a renal neoplasm.

PMID- 974466
TI  - Intrathoracic Hodgkin's disease presenting as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.

PMID- 974467
TI  - Relationship between log dose and log time in radiotherapy--the Strandqvist
      lines.

PMID- 974468
TI  - The pituitary fossa--normal or abnormal.

PMID- 974469
TI  - Estimation of glomerular size and number from radiographs of the kidney.
AB  - In 32 adult human kidneys obtained at necropsy, renal demensions, measured from
      radiographs, were correlated with the number and cross-sectional area of
      glomeruli, determined by point-counting and computerized image analysis. Cortical
      area, measured from post-mortem angiograms, was poorly correlated with glomerular
      area and was not significantly correlated with glomerular number per kidney. The
      area of the whole kidney was poorly correlated with the number of glomeruli per
      kidney and was not significantly correlated with glomerular area. However renal
      dimensions, particularly total renal area, were highly significantly correlated
      with the product of glomerular area and number. This may allow glomerular numbers
      to be estimated in life but will not assess loss of glon the ageing kidney, the
      number of glomeruli per unit volume increased.

PMID- 974470
TI  - Radiology now. Screening for breast cancer.

PMID- 974471
TI  - The pituitary fossa in Cushing's syndrome. A retrospective analysis of 93
      patients.
AB  - A  retrospective analysis of the pituitary fossa in 93 patients with Cushing's
      syndrome is presented. Radiological evidence of a pituitary tumour was found in
      20 of 86 patients with pituitary-dependent disease (23%). In 11 of the 20
      patients, the diagnosis depended on analysis of lateral tomograms. None of the
      seven patients with disease which was not pituitary-dependent had evidence of an
      abnormal sella. One of 20 controls without known endocrine disease had an
      abnormal sella.

PMID- 974472
TI  - A quantitative study of the EMI values obtained for normal brain cerebral
      infarction and certain tumours.
AB  - A quantitative study has been made of the EMI numbers of normal brain, cerebral
      infarction and certain tumours. The scans were recorded on magnetic tape and
      analysed using a minicomuter linked to a graphic display unit. This system not
      only yielded 16 grey scales compared with the ten currently available, but was
      programmed to allow selected regions of the scans to be outlined. From these
      regions the computer calculated the area, the mean EMI number and its standard
      deviation. It was found that in 15 normal brain scans, the EMI values obtained
      for normal frontal and temporal lobes were similar, but that the values for the
      basal ganglia and occipital lobes were significantly different from the first two
      regions and from each other. Ten cases of cerebral infarction and 30 cases of
      cerebral tumour were analysed, and it was shown that analysing representative
      areas was more informative than surveying the whole lesion. Whilst only half of
      the scans of brain tumours had a significantly altered EMI number compared with
      that of normal brain, enhancement of tumour density with sodium iothalamate
      revealed a consistent and significant elevation of the EMI number for all
      tumours. In particular, the value for enhanced meningiomas was almost double and
      malignant tumours more than a third larger than normal brain. It was not possible
      to differentiate quantitatively between astrocytomas and metastases.

PMID- 974473
TI  - Combination of isotope venography and lung scanning.
AB  - Seventy patients were investigated by isotope venography of the lower leg veigns
      and pelvis using 99Tcm human serum albumin, mainly as microspheres, in the course
      of routine lung scanning. In 54 of these patients, 52 pelvic, and 98 conventional
      ascending X-ray contrast venograms were performed for comparison, ninety three
      per cent showed good correlation, and 4% poor correlation. There were 2% false
      positive and 1% false negative isotope examinations. Isotope venography proved to
      be a painless, safe and reliable method for the detection of deep vein
      thrombosis. Its correlation with contrast venography is high, especially for the
      upper thigh and pelvis. It can be performed in 30 minutes, including standard
      lung scan, and can be repeated in patients to assess response to treatment,
      saving the patient the discomfort and radiation of comparable radiological
      examinations.

PMID- 974474
TI  - Ultrasound in the management of acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients have been examined by ultrasound when symptoms or sign
      suggested the development of a pseudocyst following an attack of proven acute
      pancreatitis. Pseudocyst was diagnosed in 23 of the 38 cases. Five patients had
      multilocular cysts, four of which were shown to be communicating. Laparotomy was
      carried out on 14 of the 23 patients and surgical drainage was performed in 12
      cases. The remaining nine cases were monitored and showed steady regression.
      Small cysts arising in the head of pancreas may give rise to recurrent or
      persistent pancreatitis and may be demonstrated pre-operatively by ultrasound but
      not readily by other means. A further 12 patients showed an area of irregular
      absorption of ultrasound interpreted as an inflammatory mass. Monitoring of these
      cases showed progressive resolution without cyst formation. Three of these cases
      subsequently required laparotomy-one developed an abscess and one necrosis of the
      body and tail of pancreas while a third developed severe pancreatic fibrosis of
      the area identified by ultrasound. The ability to distinguish between pseudocysts
      and inflammatory masses and to demonstrate communication between multiple cysts
      is of considerable value in pre-operative diagnosis.

PMID- 974475
TI  - A computer-based radiotherapy clinical record system using mark-sense forms.
AB  - A computer-based system for radiotherapy clinical records is described. Its main
      features are the use of a single mark-sense form for input of data at all stages
      of the patient's progress, and the provision of a plain language print-out of the
      patient's record after each updating. The programs are written in Fortran and are
      implemented on a Rank Xerox Sigma 6 computer.

PMID- 974476
TI  - An on-line computer graphics terminal for radiotherapy treatment planning.
AB  - A programmed graphics terminal has been connected on-line to a large time-shared
      computer for calculating dose distributions in radiotherapy treatment planning
      and provides a viable alternative to dedicated systems and batch working. The
      terminal equipment is based on a mini-computer and includes a function-key devise
      for outline input, a large-screen refresh oscilloscope for viewing results and an
      X-Y plotter for hard-copy. Radiotherapy dose computation programs in standard
      Fortran are stored and run on a large remote computer with graphical interaction
      at the terminal. External beam programs can calculate dose distributions for most
      commonly used treatment situations and can compute in off-axis planes. Data input
      is fully interactive and easy to understnad. Dose distributions are displayed as
      isodose contours. Advantages of the system include accuracy, speed, ease of use
      and maintenance, and transferability of the programs between different host
      computers.

PMID- 974477
TI  - Persisting cyclic ovarian activity in cervical cancer after surgical
      transposition of the ovaries and pelvic irradiation.
AB  - The effect of surgical transposition of the ovaries on gonadal function was
      investigated in ten young women with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, stages I
      and II. Gonadotrophin-, oestradiol- and progesterone-levels were determined
      before and during pelvic irradiation. A control group consisted of seven patients
      with cervical cancer who did not undergo ovaria transposition. In the control
      group gonadotrophins began to rise after radiation doses of 560-2400 rad (FSH)
      and 1130-2600 rad (LH) respectively. The excessive secretion was not seen in
      patients who had ovarian lifting. Ovulatory cycles occurred during or after
      pelvic irradiation in seven women of the study group, either spontaneously or
      induced by clomiphene treatment. This indicates that transposition preceding
      radiotherapy is an effective means of preserving ovarian secretion in young women
      in whom malignancies of the pelvic region demand irradiation.

PMID- 974478
TI  - A technique for cranial-spinal irradiation.

PMID- 974479
TI  - A toe monitor system for cerebrofemoral catheterizations.

PMID- 974480
TI  - Pneumothorax complicating pelvic pneumotraphy.

PMID- 974481
TI  - A soft tissue sarcoma occurring four years after radiotherapy.

PMID- 974482
TI  - Ultrasonic grey-scale recording with rapid processing film.

PMID- 974483
TI  - Potentiation of radiation myelitis in rats by hyperthermia.

PMID- 974484
TI  - Sensitivity of TDF and CRE to variations in exponents of N and T.

PMID- 974485
TI  - Haemoglobin: structure, function and synthesis.

PMID- 974486
TI  - Pre-exposure prophylaxis of rabies.

PMID- 974487
TI  - Abnormalities of taste.

PMID- 974489
TI  - Uncertainties at a certain age.

PMID- 974488
TI  - Early gastric cancer.

PMID- 974490
TI  - Rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation.

PMID- 974491
TI  - Smoker's bones.

PMID- 974492
TI  - Long-term low-dose co-trimoxazole in prophylaxis of childhood urinary tract
      infection: clinical aspects.
AB  - Long-term low-dosage prophylaxis may be used in children with recurrent urinary
      tract infection to prevent reinfection of the urinary tract while the underlying
      cause of infection persists. Co-trimoxazole in a dose of 2 mg trimethoprin
      combined with 10 mg sulphamethoxazole per kg body weight daily has proved very
      effective: only six of 130 children receiving this treatment during a total
      period of 2637 months developed a reinfection. Co-trimoxazole was acceptable,
      compliance was good, and there were no important adverse effects. Supportive
      measures during prophylaxis are important. Sixty-five children were follow up
      after completion of their co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. Twenty-seven developed
      reinfections with fresh organisms, over two-thirds occurring within three months
      of discontinuing prophylaxis. Each one of these reinfections was sensitive to
      trimethoprin. The rectal flora were similarly sensitive.

PMID- 974493
TI  - Long-term low-dose co-trimoxazole in prophylaxis of childhood urinary tract
      infection: bacteriological aspects.
AB  - The bacteriological consequences of giving long-term low-dose co-trimoxazole to
      children to prevent reinfection of the urinary tract were studied. Only six
      "break-through" infections occurred during 2637 child-months of prophylaxis. The
      children complied well with treatment. During prophylaxis the number of rectal
      coliform bacilli recovered was greatly and rapidly reduced, but at least 70% of
      the surviving coliform organisms remained sensitive to the two components of co
      trimoxazole. Changes in sensitivity pattern were evident within a month of
      starting treatment and the proportion of rectal organisms resistant to
      sulphonamide or trimethoprim did not increase with time. After stopping co
      trimoxazole prophylaxis the number of rectal organisms recoverable returned
      rapidly to normal, as did their sensitivities to trimethoprim and sulphonamide.
      Further episodes of urinary tract infection developing after prophylaxis was
      stopped were caused by organisms sensitive to a wide range of antimicrobial
      agents, including trimethoprim.

PMID- 974494
TI  - Thyrotoxic vomiting.
AB  - In seven patients vomiting played an important part in the presentation of
      thyrotoxicosis. Vomiting does not always indicate severe thyroid disease, and the
      diagnosis in patients presenting with this symptom may be long delayed.

PMID- 974495
TI  - Mode of presentation of juvenile diabetes.
AB  - In a study of 66 children with juvenile diabetes symptoms had often present for
      over a month before diagnosis. Though polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss were
      the commonest features, other important symptoms included tiredness lethargy, and
      malaise. A gradual onset of diabetes was commoner than is generally realised.

PMID- 974496
TI  - How trustworthy are bowel histories? Comparison of recalled and recorded
      information.
AB  - One hundred and fifty hospital outpatients were questioned about their bowel
      habits and then asked to record these in diary booklets for two weeks. Overall,
      recalled and recorded figures for frequency of defecation agreed fairly closely,
      but in 16% of patients there was a discrepancy of three or more bowel actions per
      week. This was usually an exaggeration of the difference from the norm of one a
      day. Patients were bad at predicting episodes of changed bowel frequency. These
      findings cast doubt on the value of population surveys of bowel habit based
      solely on questionnaires. They also suggest that the irritable bowel syndrome
      might be correctly diagnosed more often if patients were routinely asked to
      record their bowel actions.

PMID- 974497
TI  - Amodiaquine-induced involuntary movements.

PMID- 974498
TI  - Iatrogenic magnesium intoxication during 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol
      treatment.

PMID- 974499
TI  - Subclinical coeliac disease and infertility.

PMID- 974500
TI  - Medical writing in France.

PMID- 974501
TI  - X--Paired alternatives.

PMID- 974502
TI  - Heat-wave burns and scalds.

PMID- 974503
TI  - Superintendents of psychiatric hospitals.

PMID- 974504
TI  - Abortion and maternal deaths.

PMID- 974505
TI  - Amoxycillin, talampicillin, and ampicillin.

PMID- 974506
TI  - Management of eclampsia.

PMID- 974507
TI  - Dangers of tinted glasses for driving.

PMID- 974508
TI  - Unexplained hepatitis following halothane.

PMID- 974509
TI  - Sarcoma after intramuscular iron injection.

PMID- 974510
TI  - Danger of instant adhesives.

PMID- 974511
TI  - A question of conscience.

PMID- 974512
TI  - Toxicity of paracetamol in children.

PMID- 974513
TI  - Dietary fibre.

PMID- 974514
TI  - Misleading statistics.

PMID- 974515
TI  - Myasthenic syndrome during treatment with practolol.

PMID- 974516
TI  - Plasma prolactin levels during a simulated dive.

PMID- 974517
TI  - Recognising hiatus hernia.

PMID- 974518
TI  - Short-term recovery of mental efficiency after anaesthesia.

PMID- 974519
TI  - Anginal pain in a phantom limb.

PMID- 974520
TI  - Group practice allowance and night duty.

PMID- 974521
TI  - Screening for cervical cancer.

PMID- 974523
TI  - How long dead.

PMID- 974522
TI  - Amenorrhoea after oral contraceptives.

PMID- 974524
TI  - Transfusing white cells.

PMID- 974525
TI  - Pathogenesis and epidemiology of schizophrenia.

PMID- 974526
TI  - Nuclear-powered pacemakers.

PMID- 974527
TI  - Comparative study of ultrasound, 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy, and
      aortography in localising adrenal lesions.
AB  - Twenty-seven consecutive patients with endocrinological disease necessitating
      adrenal surgery underwent blind preoperative investigation with ultrasound, renal
      aortography, and adrenocortical scintigraphy for an adrenal lesion. Nine patients
      had pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, five had pituitary-independent
      Cushing's syndrome, four had an adrenocortical androgenic excess, and nine had a
      preoperative diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. The predictive value of preoperative
      ultrasound was 100% for a positive finding and 79% for a negative result.
      Preoperative aortography had a predictive value of 83% for a positive finding and
      64% for a negative result; and the predictive value of adrenocortical
      scintigraphy was 100% for a positive finding and 85% for a negative finding. In
      localising biochemically suspected adrenal lesions ultrasound should be the first
      choice, since it is rapid, noninvasive, cheap, and reasonably accurate.
      Adrenocortical scintigraphy has a similar diagnostic value, especially in
      Cushing's syndrome, but it is time consuming. Nevertheless, it may be preferable
      for diagnosing small glucocorticoid-secreting adenomas. Aortography should be
      reserved for cases with inconclusive diagnoses and suspected extra-adrenal
      phaeochromocytomas.

PMID- 974528
TI  - Overnight urinary 11-hydroxycorticosteroid estimations in diagnosis of Cushing's
      syndrome.
AB  - Overnight specimens of urine were collected from control, obese, and hirsute
      women and from 11 women with Cushing's syndrome. Urinary 11-hydroxycorticosteroid
      levels in the group with Cushing's syndrome were significantly higher than in the
      other three groups. This simple test has proved invaluable when screening for
      Cushing's syndrome in a busy outpatient clinic.

PMID- 974529
TI  - Enhanced HBsAb production in pathogenesis of fulminant viral hepatitis type B.
AB  - The possible importance of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of fulminant
      hepatitis was investigated by comparing 17 patients with fulminant hepatitis type
      B with 20 patients with severe but non-fulminant disease. Hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg) was cleared from the serum significantly faster (P less than 0
      001) in those with fulminant hepatitis, and in 41% anti-HBsAg (HBsAb) was
      detectable by radioimmunoassay (RIA) at presentation. In all 11 sera from
      patients with fulminant hepatitis that were examined by electron microscopy
      aggregates of HBsAg and HBsAb were seen. In contrast, HBsAb was never detected by
      RIA in those with non-fulminant hepatitis, and in only one serum specimen (5%)
      were aggregates seen on electron microscopy. A significant sex difference between
      fulminant and non-fulminant hepatitis was observed, 65% of patients with
      fulminant hepatitis but only 15% of patients with non-fulminant hepatitis being
      women (P less than 0-01). An enhanced production of HBsAb in fulminant hepatitis,
      by leading to free HBsAb in portal blood, may cause an Arthus reaction in the
      sinusoids of the liver with ensuing ischaemic necrosis of hepatocytes.

PMID- 974530
TI  - Gastric emptying of solid meals in diabetics.
AB  - The gastric emptying rate of an isotopically labelled solid meal was compared in
      29 insulin-dependent well-controlled diabetics and 18 normal controls. The
      diabetics were assessed for evidence of autonomic neuropathy. No significant
      difference in gastric emptying rate was found between controls and diabetics with
      or without autonomic neuropathy. Only three diabetics had greatly delayed gastric
      emptying, but in one of these the test had given a normal result on an earlier
      occasion.

PMID- 974531
TI  - The 14C-glycocholate test in diabetic diarrhoea.
AB  - Twenty-four insulin-dependent diabetics, including seven with diabetic diarrhoea,
      were studied by means of the 14C-glycocholate (14C-GCA) test and various tests
      for autonomic dysfunction. The breath component of het test was abnormal in four
      of the seven patients with diarrhoea and one of the other diabetics. Three
      patients with diarrhoea and a positive breath test result responded to
      antibiotics, whereas two with diarrhoea and a negative test result did not. High
      faecal 14C, suggesting bile acid malabsorption, was found in only one patient
      with diarrhoea and he had previously failed to respond to cholestyramine. These
      results suggest that bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine does occur in
      some but not all patients with diabetic diarrhoea and that the 14C-GCA test can
      predict the response to antibiotics. All the patients with diabetic diarrhoea had
      good evidence of autonomic dysfunction.

PMID- 974532
TI  - Marcus Gunn phenomenon associated with synkinetic oculopalpebral movements.

PMID- 974533
TI  - Failure to confirm evidence for existence of two populations with duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 974534
TI  - Consumption coagulopathy after intra-amniotic urea.

PMID- 974535
TI  - What I would say to the Royal Commission. Maternal and neonatal health--a
      priority.

PMID- 974536
TI  - Statistics at square one: XVIII-Correlation.

PMID- 974537
TI  - Haemophilia A and the blood transfusion service: a Scottish study.
AB  - The demand for blood products containing factor VIII for treating patients with
      haemophilia A in south-east Scotland was reviewed. From 1961 to 1975 the demand
      for fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate (CP), and antihaemophilic factor
      (AHF) increased by seven and a half times, while total donations increased by
      only a third. Patients with severe haemophilia A treated at the regional
      haemophilia centre used about 85% of the factor VIII issued in 1971-4, most of
      which was used on demand. A patient with severe haemophilia A on unlimited
      ondemand home treatment would need about 500 units of factor VII/kg body
      weight/year, and a regional haemophilia centre, treating moderate and mild cases
      as well as severe ones, would use 15000 units/patient/year. Altogether about 50
      million units of factor VIII will be needed each year in the UK. Although
      cryoprecipitate is much harder to store and administer than AHF, its yield from
      plasma may be far greater and its cost far smaller. Unless the blood transfusion
      services receive increased amounts of money and reappraise their functions and 
      operation, it seems likely that they will have to rely increasingly on commercial
      (and costly) sources for the major plasma fractions.

PMID- 974538
TI  - The diastolic dilemma.

PMID- 974539
TI  - Deviation from prescribed drug treatment after discharge from hospital.
AB  - A study of 130 patients discharged from four hospital wards dealing mainly with
      acute medical cases showed that 66 deviated from the drug regimen prescribed on
      discharge. Of the patients, 46 did not have a clear understanding of the regimen
      (non-comprehension) and 20 of the remaining 84 patients understood the prescribed
      regimen but did not follow the instructions (non-compliance). The prescribing of
      complex drug regimens, and the availability of medicines prescribed before
      admission to hospital appeared to be the two main factors influencing non
      comprehension and non-compliance.

PMID- 974540
TI  - Pressures of work on doctors and family.

PMID- 974541
TI  - School pregnancies.

PMID- 974542
TI  - Cough suppressants for children.

PMID- 974543
TI  - Nicotine, tobacco substitutes, and smoking habits.

PMID- 974544
TI  - Admission of old people to hospital.

PMID- 974545
TI  - The elderly in a coronary unit.

PMID- 974546
TI  - Fetal activity and fetal wellbeing.

PMID- 974547
TI  - Antibiotics for respiratory illness.

PMID- 974548
TI  - Dangers of tinted glasses for driving.

PMID- 974549
TI  - Oestrogens for menopausal flushing.

PMID- 974550
TI  - Abortion and maternal deaths.

PMID- 974551
TI  - Postural effect of diazoxide.

PMID- 974552
TI  - Risk of haemorrhage in oxytocin stress test.

PMID- 974553
TI  - Raynaud's disease and oral contraceptives.

PMID- 974554
TI  - Space phobia and the "3F syndrome".

PMID- 974555
TI  - Folate deficiency and neurological disease.

PMID- 974556
TI  - Fluorinated corticosteroids on the skin.

PMID- 974558
TI  - Emergency medical care.

PMID- 974557
TI  - Psychotropic drugs in depot form.

PMID- 974559
TI  - Sexual disinhibition with L-tryptophan.

PMID- 974560
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis induced by iodine in food.

PMID- 974561
TI  - The hospitals we need [editorial].

PMID- 974562
TI  - Left atrial myxoma.

PMID- 974563
TI  - Audit again.

PMID- 974564
TI  - Risk of pelvic infection associated with intrauterine devices.

PMID- 974565
TI  - Primary pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 974566
TI  - Dupuytren's contracture.

PMID- 974567
TI  - How many antibiotics.

PMID- 974568
TI  - What does the community care about.

PMID- 974569
TI  - Control of distension of varicose veins achieved by leg bandages, as used after
      injection sclerotherapy.
AB  - A study was performed to determine whether the pressures routinely produced by
      bandaging for compression sclerotherapy of varicose veins are adequate to
      maintain the superfical veins almost empty of blood. The results suggest that
      well-applied bandages can provide sufficient support to combat the high
      distending pressures found in varicose veins. The large variation among different
      surgeons, however, indicates that any clinical assessment of compression
      sclerotherapy should include measurement of the pressure at which the bandages
      are applied.

PMID- 974570
TI  - Effect of ethyloestrenol on fibrinolysis in the vessel wall.
AB  - Forty-nine patients with decreased fibrinolytic activity in the vessel walls or a
      decreased release mechanism, or both, were treated with ethyloestrenol for three
      to 17 months. Forty-five of the patients had had recurrent, phlebographically
      verified, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and four had arterial thrombosis.
      Ethyloestrenol 8 mg/day was given to 31 patients and 4 mg/day was given to 12.
      The remaining six patients had been treated with a combination of phenformin and
      ethloestrenol. The phenformin was withdrawn but they were kept on ethyloestrenol
      8 mg/day. Another 15 patients with a normal fibrinolytic system--four with
      recurrent DVT and 11 with severe arteriosclerosis--were given ethyloestrenol 8
      mg/day. The spontaneous fibrinolytic activity, local fibrinolytic activity during
      standardised venous occlusion of the arms, and fibrinolytic activity of the
      vessel walls increased significantly after treatment with ethyloestrenol 8 mg/day
      for three months. No further increase occurred after three months, and
      ethyloestrenol 4 mg/day had no effect. No values rose significantly in the
      patients with a normal fibrinolytic system. One patient suffered a recurrence
      within three months of treatment, before the fibrinolytic system became normal.
      In one patient the fibrinolytic defect reappeared after 10 months in spite of
      continued treatment. Two of the three women of fertile age developed irregular
      cycles and intermenstrual bleeding, which disappeared when the treatment was
      withdrawn. No other side effects were observed.

PMID- 974571
TI  - Visual and spinal evoked potentials in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 974572
TI  - Diarrhoea and perianal vaccinia.

PMID- 974573
TI  - Diet and diuretics in pregnancy and subsequent growth of offspring.

PMID- 974574
TI  - Immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and melanin pigmentation in
      systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 974575
TI  - Hypercalcaemic phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 974576
TI  - Riposte: Secretary of State's reply to BMJ.

PMID- 974577
TI  - Riposte. Regional chairmen's reply.

PMID- 974578
TI  - What i would say to the Royal Commission. Our neglected wastelands.

PMID- 974579
TI  - Diseases of the alimentary system. Absorption, distribution, and metabolism of
      drugs; effects of disease of the gut.

PMID- 974580
TI  - New technique for increasing the efficiency of self-examination in early
      diagnosis of breast cancer.

PMID- 974581
TI  - Surgical audit: one year's experience in a teaching hospital.
AB  - For 12 months the surgical staff at Hope Hospital have operated a form of audit.
      The monitored information included work load, methods of treatment,
      complications, misdiagnoses, and deaths. The method described is suitable for any
      district general or teaching hospital provided adequate secretarial help is
      available. In addition to helping to maintain standards, an audit of this type
      has a positive educational role.

PMID- 974583
TI  - Request for references.

PMID- 974582
TI  - Statistics at square one. XIX--Correlation (continued).

PMID- 974585
TI  - Emergency medical care.

PMID- 974584
TI  - Travellers' diarrhoea.

PMID- 974586
TI  - Compulsory seat belts.

PMID- 974587
TI  - Economy is prescribing.

PMID- 974588
TI  - Career preferences.

PMID- 974589
TI  - Screening for cervical cancer.

PMID- 974590
TI  - Cigarette smoking in pregnancy.

PMID- 974591
TI  - Immunological factors in pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 974592
TI  - Confirmation of abstinence from smoking.

PMID- 974593
TI  - Security units for dangerous and difficult patients.

PMID- 974594
TI  - Caecocolic intussusception: an unusual physical sign.

PMID- 974595
TI  - Lymphoma in dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 974596
TI  - Misleading chest x-ray film in psoriasis.

PMID- 974597
TI  - Iodine content of food.

PMID- 974598
TI  - Hypoglycaemia in children undergoing operations.

PMID- 974599
TI  - Medicolegal. Drink-driving offences.

PMID- 974600
TI  - Preventing infection at the operation site.

PMID- 974601
TI  - Clinics in general practice.

PMID- 974602
TI  - Antibodies to spermatozoa.

PMID- 974603
TI  - Children's rights--parents' responsibilities.

PMID- 974604
TI  - Hairy legs.

PMID- 974605
TI  - Hepatitis in clinical laboratories.

PMID- 974606
TI  - The end of excellence.

PMID- 974607
TI  - Diet and the diabetic.

PMID- 974608
TI  - The curability of breast cancer.
AB  - The age-correlated survival rates for 982 women treated for localised breast
      cancer were analysed retrospectively. Analysis by size of the primary cancer
      showed that those with smaller cancers had a significantly higher survival rate
      and a significantly reduced probability of dying of cancer. Cured groups of
      patients were identified for all but those with the smallest tumours--2.0 cm in
      diameter or smaller. A long period of follow-up (to 25 years) is necessary to
      establish the presence of a large cured group in such cases.

PMID- 974609
TI  - Hormonal profiles after the menopause.
AB  - The endocrinological changes of the climacteric have been defined by studying the
      concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH),
      androstenedione, testosterone, oestrone, and oestradiol in 60 normal
      postmenopausal women of different menopausal ages. The women were studied in six
      groups, according to the number of years since their menopause. One year after
      the menopause androstenedione, oestrone, and oestradiol concentrations were
      reduced to about 20% of the values recorded during the early proliferative phase
      of the menstrual cycle. At the same time the mean concentration of FSH had risen
      by a factor of 13-4 and that of LH by a factor of 3-0. Concentrations of both
      gonadotrophins reached a peak of 18-4 and 3-4 times the proliferative phase value
      respectively after two to three years, and then gradually declined in the next
      three decades to values that were 40-50% of these maximal levels. Testosterone
      concentrations remained mostly in the normal range for premenopausal women but
      were depressed to 60% of these levels two to five years after the menopause, and
      the mean androstenedione levels showed a significant increase in the same group
      of women. The concentrations of both oestrone and oestradiol remained
      consistently low for 10 years after the menopause, but oestradiol concentrations
      inexplicably increased in the last two decades, with levels at the lower end of
      normal range for reproductive women in six patients.

PMID- 974610
TI  - Observations on electrocardiogram and plasma catecholamines during dental
      procedures: the forgotten vagus.
AB  - Emotional stress is conventionally considered to be associated with tachycardia
      and enhanced sympathetic activity. The electrocardiogram and plasma catecholamine
      and lipid concentrations were observed in 21 young healthy women undergoing
      dental procedures. Ten of these received premedication with the beta-blocking
      agent oxprenolol and 11 with a placebo, administered on a double-blind randomised
      basis. Mild tachycardia occurred in the placebo group a few minutes before and a
      few minutes after dentistry, but there was a reduction in heart rate immediately
      before and during the procedure. The pattern was similar in the group who
      received oxprenolol, though the heart rates at each stage were lower. Plasma
      adrenaline concentrations were much higher in the samples taken during the
      procedure than in those taken shortly before and after it. Plasma noradrenaline
      and lipid concentrations remained unchanged. A decrease in heart rate in the face
      of intense emotional arousal and an increased plasma adrenaline concentration
      suggest that the expectation or experience of pain may be associated with
      parasympathetic dominance despite greatly enhanced sympathetic activity.

PMID- 974611
TI  - Meconium ileus equivalent in adults with cystic fibrosis of pancreas: a report of
      six cases.
AB  - Eleven episodes of "meconium ileus equivalent" have been seen in six adults with
      cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Three patients were initially treated
      surgically; one died and the other two developed serious postoperative chest
      infections. Six episodes were successfully treated medically with acetylcysteine
      orally and by enema, nasogastric suction, and intravenous fluids. Operation
      should be avoided if possible, and maintenance treatment with acetylcysteine may
      be necessary to prevent relapse.

PMID- 974612
TI  - 125I-fibrinogen uptake test.

PMID- 974613
TI  - Malignant phaeochromocytoma with severe constipation and myocardial necrosis.

PMID- 974614
TI  - Plasma levels of propranolol in treated patients with coeliac disease and
      patients with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 974615
TI  - Disopyramide in a case of recurrent ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 974616
TI  - Cervical pregnancy managed by local excision.

PMID- 974617
TI  - Inflammatory bowel disease in West Indians.

PMID- 974618
TI  - Clinics in general practice. A child with a systolic murmur.

PMID- 974619
TI  - General practice observed. Child abuse and general practice.
AB  - In a general practice of 9250 patients with 1841 children under 10 there were 12
      cases of actual abuse during 1973-6. In March 1976 30 children were at risk. A
      preventive scheme was set up and the short-term outcome was good. There were no
      cases of serious abuse among the children at risk.

PMID- 974620
TI  - Statistics at square one. XX-Correlation (concluded).

PMID- 974621
TI  - Letter from . . . South Australia. Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science
      and admission multiphasic screening.

PMID- 974622
TI  - What I would say to the Royal Commission. Community medicine attitudes.

PMID- 974623
TI  - Diseases of the alimentary system. Significance of persistent HBs antigenaemia.

PMID- 974624
TI  - Abuse and intoxication potential of nicotine chewing gum.

PMID- 974625
TI  - Normal distributions.

PMID- 974626
TI  - Admission of old people to hospital.

PMID- 974627
TI  - Abortion and maternal deaths.

PMID- 974628
TI  - Emergency medical care.

PMID- 974629
TI  - Family planning for the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 974630
TI  - Hazards of smallpox vaccination.

PMID- 974631
TI  - Lung cancer and smoking: is there proof.

PMID- 974632
TI  - Press that bruise.

PMID- 974633
TI  - Measurement of blood pressure.

PMID- 974634
TI  - Hypophosphataemic osteomalacia in patients receiving haemodialysis.

PMID- 974636
TI  - Postinfluenzal depression.

PMID- 974635
TI  - Out-of-hours calls in general practice.

PMID- 974637
TI  - Vinyl chloride: the carcinogenic risk.

PMID- 974638
TI  - Ingrowing toenail.

PMID- 974639
TI  - A prognostic sign in ECT.

PMID- 974640
TI  - Primum non nocere, or the pharmacological lucky dip.

PMID- 974641
TI  - Rational dosage of non-cumulative drugs.

PMID- 974642
TI  - Hysteria today.

PMID- 974643
TI  - Postoperative pain.

PMID- 974645
TI  - Burning feet.

PMID- 974644
TI  - The myth of phenelzine acetylation.

PMID- 974647
TI  - Splinter organisations.

PMID- 974646
TI  - Oxytocin and neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 974648
TI  - Juniors' contract dispute.

PMID- 974649
TI  - Koluchova's twins.

PMID- 974650
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 974651
TI  - Polyposis coli and the stomach.

PMID- 974652
TI  - Irritant woods.

PMID- 974653
TI  - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-a viral disease.

PMID- 974654
TI  - Dealing with alcoholism.

PMID- 974655
TI  - Distribution of nephrological services for adults in Great Britain. Report of the
      Executive Committee of the Renal Association.
AB  - A survey was performed to find out how many doctors in Great Britain were
      providing nephrological services. The number of such doctors in each region
      correlated closely with the size of population, but the relation between the
      numbers of sessions they provided and the size of population, though significant,
      was not nearly so close. The number of sessions provided correlated strongly with
      both the number of patients on dialysis and the number of outpatients seen each
      week. These findings indicated that nephrological services were unevenly
      distributed throughout the country, while patients with renal diseases are
      probably evenly distributed. Even in the regions providing the most sessions
      demand still exceeds supply. In Britain only 62-0 patients per million population
      were being treated for terminal renal failure at 31 December 1975, whereas over
      twice that number were being treated in Switzerland (136-1 per million) and
      Denmark (132-4 per million). Despite the deficiencies in the service, doctors
      attempt to see all patients with a renal disorder at least once and to treat
      acute renal failure, though many patients cannot be followed up.

PMID- 974656
TI  - Titanium-strip cranioplasty.
AB  - Titanium strips have been used to repair skull defects when preformed metal
      plates are not avilable and simple wiring would not be enough. The technique is
      simple, obviates the need to dissect the dura mater, and gives greater resistance
      to further impact injury than an inlay technique.

PMID- 974657
TI  - Treatment of candidal urinary tract infection with nifuratel.
AB  - Three patients with candidal urinary tract infections were successfully treated
      with oral nifuratel, a nitrofuran antimicrobial agent active against yeast and
      Trichomonas as well as urinary bacterial pathogens. The recommended dose is 400
      mg thrice daily for a week. No side effects that could be attributed to the
      treatment were noted. Minimum ibhibitory concentration determinations for
      nifuratel against Candida strains of five species showed that 48 out of 59
      organisms were inhibited by 50 mg/1 or less, the three strains of Candida species
      eliminated from our treated patients having MICs of nifuratel in the range of 10
      50 mg/1.

PMID- 974658
TI  - Preoperative prediction of postoperative deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - A range of clinical data was obtained from 124 patients about to undergo
      operation and several coagulation tests were performed. No patient received
      prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis, and isotopic scanning after operation
      showed that 20 patients had developed thrombosis. a simiple prognostic index for
      predicting which patients would develop postoperative deep vein thrombosis was
      constructed using the clinical and coagulation data obtained before operation.
      The five variables with the best predictive power-euglobulin lysis time, age,
      presence of varicose veins, fibrin related antigen, and percentage overweight
      produced an equation that identfied 95% of those who developed deep vein
      thrombosis and misallocated only 28% of those who did not develop thrombosis. In
      view of the complications that low-dose heparin and dextran can cause, giving
      prophylaxis to under a third of the patients who will not develop deep vein
      thrombosis is clearly better than giving it to all.

PMID- 974659
TI  - Virus-like particles in paraspinal muscle in scoliosis.
AB  - Biopsy material from the skeletal muscle (paraxials) of 21 patients with
      scoliosis was examined by light and electron microscopy. Virus-like particles, 17
      nm in diameter with a crystalline structure, were identified in the skeletal
      muscle fibres of four patients. Associated changes in the sarcoplasm included
      swelling of mitochondria, presence of lipid droplets, and vesicular structures.
      Serological studies and culture for virus isolation gave negative results. An
      excess of lipid (predominantly in type 1 fibres) was noted in the skeletal muscle
      of several other cases. The significance of these findings is obscure, but the
      morphology of the paraxial muscles of patients with scoliosis and controls is
      currently being investigated in greater detail.

PMID- 974660
TI  - Muscle changes in acromegaly.
AB  - Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from 18 patients with acromegaly of varying
      degrees of severity. Half the specimens showed hypertrophy of type 1 fibres,
      while atrophy was most often seen in type 2 fibres. A direct correlation between
      muscle appearances and growth hormone levels was not observed. The needle biopsy
      technique is particularly suitable for determining the natural history of
      acrometalic myopathy.

PMID- 974661
TI  - Aortic incompetence in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 974662
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome in vesicoureteric reflux.

PMID- 974663
TI  - Comparison of intravenous and aerosol salbutamol.

PMID- 974664
TI  - Hypertransaminasaemia with heparin treatment: effect of regular haemodialysis.

PMID- 974665
TI  - Serum ferritin levels in beta-thalassaemia trait.

PMID- 974666
TI  - A predischarge unit in a long-stay hospital for subnormality.
AB  - A newly built residential ward in the grounds of a long-stay mental subnormality
      hospital was converted into a predischarge unit to cater for those patients who
      could probably be discharged after some special training. So far 31 residents
      have been trained over the past two years; 18 (58%) have been discharged to
      community residences, and five were waiting for discharge. The high success rate
      shows the value and usefulness of a predischage unit in a long-stay hospital, and
      also shows that a purpose-built building is not necessary so long as the staff
      have the initiative and will to succeed.

PMID- 974667
TI  - Diseases of the alimentary system. Jaundice.

PMID- 974669
TI  - Chairman of the psychiatric division.

PMID- 974668
TI  - Barbiturate prescribing: psychiatrists' views.
AB  - When questioned by post most of a one-in five sample of consultant psychiatrists
      replied that they did not favour the use of barbiturates as hypnotics or a
      sedatives.

PMID- 974670
TI  - What I would say to the Royal Commission. Suggestions for reform.

PMID- 974671
TI  - BCG for handicapped children.

PMID- 974672
TI  - Compression sclerotherapy of varicose veins.

PMID- 974673
TI  - Misuse of tubular elasticated bandages.

PMID- 974674
TI  - Bilateral injuries in childhood: an alerting sign.

PMID- 974675
TI  - Postmenopausal urinary symptoms and hormonal replacement therapy.

PMID- 974676
TI  - Pathogenesis and epidemiology of schizophrenia.

PMID- 974677
TI  - Prostatic cancer.

PMID- 974678
TI  - Screening for cervical cancer.

PMID- 974679
TI  - Pelvic infection and intrauterine devices.

PMID- 974680
TI  - Diabetic ketoalkalosis.

PMID- 974681
TI  - Diagnosis of amyloidosis.

PMID- 974682
TI  - Ketamine hydrochloride: a potent analgesic.

PMID- 974683
TI  - Security units for dangerous and difficult patients.

PMID- 974684
TI  - Epidural analgesia in labour.

PMID- 974685
TI  - Laxative effect of All-Bran.

PMID- 974686
TI  - Postoperative pain.

PMID- 974687
TI  - Thyrotoxic vomiting.

PMID- 974688
TI  - Oestrongens for menopausal flushing.

PMID- 974689
TI  - Hyposensitisation with house dust mite vaccine in bronchial asthma.

PMID- 974690
TI  - Pulmonary complications of measles.

PMID- 974691
TI  - Vovulus of the small bowel in a diabetic patient.

PMID- 974692
TI  - Road safety: BMA comments.

PMID- 974693
TI  - Admission of old people to hospital.

PMID- 974694
TI  - The elderly in a coronary unit.

PMID- 974695
TI  - Coronary care units.

PMID- 974696
TI  - "Statistics at square one".

PMID- 974698
TI  - Preventing infection at the operation site.

PMID- 974697
TI  - "Vasovagal" syncope.

PMID- 974699
TI  - Sexual disinhibition with L-tryptophan.

PMID- 974700
TI  - Management of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 974701
TI  - Diets for diabetics.

PMID- 974702
TI  - Oxytocin and neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 974703
TI  - Smoking and genitourinary infection.

PMID- 974704
TI  - Hairy legs.

PMID- 974705
TI  - Curry kidney.

PMID- 974706
TI  - Hazard of glutethimide.

PMID- 974707
TI  - Reliable detection of ruptured membranes.

PMID- 974708
TI  - Hormonal pregnancy tests and congenital malformations.

PMID- 974709
TI  - Contribution of preterm delivery to perinatal mortality.
AB  - A detailed retrospective analysis was made of the records of 486 preterm infants,
      who accounted for 5-1% of all births during 1973 and 1974. Whereas preterm
      delivery did not contribute to perinatal mortality in terms of stillbirth, it
      outweighed all other causes in terms of early neonatal deaths. Preterm birth was
      responsible for 85% of the early neonatal deaths not due to lethal congenital
      deformities. Early neonatal mortality rates were closely linked both to
      gestational age and birth weight and to the reason for preterm birth. Early
      neonatal mortality was high (97 per 1000) when preterm labour was spontaneous,
      whether or not associated with material or fetal disease or with multiple
      pregnancy, but low (27 per 1000) when preterm delivery was elective. Preventing
      spontaneous preterm labour would considerably reduce neonatal mortality in our
      community.

PMID- 974710
TI  - Can phenformin-induced lactic acidosis be prevented?
AB  - Although patients taking phenformin are more likely to develop lactic acidosis in
      the presence of renal, cardiovascular, or hepatic disease, criteria for safe use
      of the drug are not well established. Eight diabetics died of lactic acidosis in
      Nottingham in 1972-5 and all were taking phenformin in therapeutic doses. Six had
      attended the diabetic clinic within a month of their terminal illness. Two
      patients had appreciable renal impairment and should not have been given
      phenformin. Four had hypertension and minimal evidence of renal disease, while in
      two no predisposing factor was identified. There are so many contraindications to
      the use of phenformin that it is doubtful whether patients on the drug can be
      monitored adequately. We suggest that phenformin should be withdrawn from general
      use.

PMID- 974711
TI  - Acquired coarctation of the aorta--a long-term complication of irradiation.

PMID- 974712
TI  - Malignant hypertension secondary to idiopathic arteritis of the aorta.

PMID- 974713
TI  - Tracheo-oesophageal fistula associated with hormonal contraception during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 974714
TI  - Megaloblastic anaemia due to pyridoxine deficiency associated with prolonged
      ingestion of an oestrogen-containing oral contraceptive.

PMID- 974715
TI  - Prolactin concentrations during anaesthesia.

PMID- 974716
TI  - Parkinsonism with a bovine cough: an unusual presentation.

PMID- 974717
TI  - Leptospirosis presenting with profuse haemoptysis.

PMID- 974718
TI  - What I would say to the Royal Commission. Them and us.

PMID- 974719
TI  - Diseases of the alimentary system. Constipation and laxative abuse.

PMID- 974720
TI  - Visual and nonvisual units recorded from the optic tectum of Gallus domesticus.
AB  - Units recorded from the optic tectum of Gallus domesticus were tested for
      responses to visual, auditory and somesthetic and stimuli. Units recorded from
      the superficial tectal layers (stratum opticum, stratum griseum et fibrosum
      superficiale) responded only to visual stimuli. On the basis of the unit's
      responsiveness to the directionality of a moving visual stimulus, three unit
      types referred to as pandirectional, unidirectional, and multidirectional units
      were identified. In the deeper layers (stratum griseum centrale, stratum album
      centrale) unimodal and bimodal units were encountered. These units responded to
      visual, auditory, and/or somesthetic stimuli. These results indicate that the
      tectal cortex of Gallus domesticus is subdivided into two functional divisions:
      the superficial layers which correlate visual information and the deep layers
      which correlate visual and nonvisual information.

PMID- 974721
TI  - Hyperemotionality and enhanced tonic immobility after septal lesions in the
      rabbit.
AB  - Large lesions of the septal region in the rabbit increased tonic immobility as
      measured by the number of successful inductions and by duration of immobility.
      Open field activity was also increased. Septally lesioned rabbits also exhibited
      increased emotionality, although the topography of the 'septal syndrome' in these
      rabbits was different from that described for rats. The septally lesioned rabbits
      exhibited increases in fear reactions such as thumping, escape responses and
      vocalization when caught, rather than increased aggressiveness. The results are
      discussed in terms of loss of inhibition of species-typical responses after
      septal damage.

PMID- 974722
TI  - Retinal projections in cyprinid fishes: a degeneration and radioautographic
      study.
AB  - The retinal projections of three species of cyprinid fish (Cyprinus
      macrolepidotus, Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus rutilus) were examined with Nauta and
      Fink-Heimer methods following enucleation and with radioautography following
      intraocular injection of [3H]-L-proline. Optic tract axons cross completely in
      the optic chiasma and are distributed to the hypothalamus (nucleus opticus
      hypothalamicus pars magnocellularis), the thalamo-pretectal region (11 distinct
      primary optic centers), and the tectum opticum (stratum fibrosum et griseum
      superficiale, stratum griseum centrale and stratum album centrale). No accessory
      optic tract was found. The experimental studies on visual projection of various
      teleosts are reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 974723
TI  - Vestibular projections to the thalamus of the pigeon.
AB  - Microelectrode recording in the thalamus of pigeons subjected to tilt and
      sinusoidal rotational stimuli around the vertical, longitudinal and transversal
      axes revealed vestibularly driven units in two thalamic nuclei, the nucleus
      posteroventralis and the nucleus principalis precommissuralis. Many of these
      units responded in a complex manner suggesting that inputs from contralateral and
      ipsilateral cupulae and maculae converged on them. A few units received
      additional visual or proprioceptive information. The homology relationship with a
      mammalian vestibular thalamic nucleus is discussed briefly.

PMID- 974724
TI  - Developmental aspects of visual hemifield differences in perception of verbal
      material.

PMID- 974725
TI  - Monaural right-ear advantage in a target-identification task.

PMID- 974726
TI  - The neural organization of language: aphasia and lateralization.

PMID- 974727
TI  - Aphasic's comprehension of sentences expressing temporal order of events.

PMID- 974728
TI  - Deficits in temporal sequencing of verbal material: the effect of laterality of
      lesion.

PMID- 974729
TI  - Schizophasia and jargonaphasia. A comparative descrition with comments on
      Chaika's and Fromkin's respective looks at "schizophrenic" language.

PMID- 974730
TI  - Impairment of nonlinguistic hand movements in a deaf aphasic.

PMID- 974731
TI  - Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in language comprehension:
      evidence from aphasia.

PMID- 974732
TI  - A note on "on the representation of language in the right hemisphere of right
      handed people".

PMID- 974733
TI  - On interpreting data regarding the linguistic competence and performance of the
      right hemisphere: a reply to Selnes.

PMID- 974734
TI  - An electron microscopic study of lesion-induced synaptogenesis in the dentate
      gyrus of the adult rat. I. Magnitude and time course of degeneration.
AB  - Synapses in the rat dentate gyrus are rapidly lost after removal of the primary
      input from the entorhinal cortex. In this paper we describe the extent and time
      course of degeneration and in the subsequent paper the nature of the
      reinnervation processes. They synapses of entorhinal afferents are remarkably
      concentrated in their zone of termination. Unilateral removal of the rat
      entorhinal cortex results in the loss of about 86% of all synapses in the outer
      three-fourths of the molecular layer of the epsilateral dentate gyrus. Entorhinal
      synapses are all asymmetric (Gray type I) and terminate on dendritic spines.
      Analysis of the degeneration reaction provides a means to examine the
      characteristics of the loss of a relatively homogeneous afferent on a single cell
      type. The morphological characteristics of the the degenerating terminals showed
      some heterogeneity; both the electron lucent and electron dense types of
      degenerating terminals were identified. The electron lucent type was observed
      only at short survival times. The time course of the loss of degenerating
      terminals was resolvable into two components, each of which followed first order
      decay kinetics. Thus degenerating entorhinal terminals behaved as a population
      which disappeared randomly at a rate dependent on the fraction of terminals
      present at any time. The loss of degenerating terminals was accompanied by the
      loss of postsynaptic sites. At short survival times the majority of postsynaptic
      sites (defined by the presence of a postsynaptic density) had disappeared. There
      was also a loss of complex spines and some shrinkage of the molecular layer.

PMID- 974735
TI  - The mechanism of inhibition of neuronal activity by opiates in the spinal cord of
      cat.
AB  - Extra- and intracellular recordings from motoneurones, interneurones and dorsal
      horn neurones (laminae 4 and 5) were obtained from the lumbar segments (L6-L7) of
      spinalised (Th 9/10) or pentobarbital-anaesthetised and anaemically decorticated
      cats. In the majority of spinal neurones microelectrophoretically applied
      morphine and levorphanol reversibly depressed spontaneous as well as stimulus
      evoked and L-glutamate- or acetylcholine-induced activity. There is evidence that
      opiates block L-glutamate-induced depolarisations by impairing the Na+-influx
      triggered at the postsynaptic membrane. These depressant effects of opiates could
      be antagonised by naloxone, and, except in a few cases, were not associated with
      hyperpolarisation of the cell. Dextrorphan, the D+ enantiomer of levorphanol,
      displayed no such depressant actions, indicating that stereospecific receptors
      mediate the depressant effects of opiates. Phoretically applied atropine,
      procaine and Ca2+ ions have anti-glutamate and anti-acetylcholine actions similar
      to opiates, but these actions were not antagonised by naloxone. The
      hyperpolarising effect of glycine was not influenced at dose levels of opiates
      sufficient to suppress depolarisation induced by L-glutamate or acetylcholine.
      Microelectrophoretically administered morphine and levorphanol slowed the rate of
      rise of mono- and polysynaptic EPSPs by a naloxone-antagonisable mechanism at
      dose levels where almost no alteration in spike shape was detectable. Increased
      doses of morphine and levorphanol reduced the amplitude of IPSPs and completely
      blocked or reduced the amplitude of both direct- and antidromically-evoked
      spikes. These effects of increased doses of opiates were not antagonised by
      naloxone. Intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg of morphine or 20 mug/kg of Fentanyl
      mimicked the suppression of spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity observed
      after phoretic administration. This depressant action of systemically applied
      opiates could be transiently antagonised by phoretic administration of naloxone.
      The results are discussed with respect to a stereospecific action of opiates at a
      postsynaptic receptive site in the spinal cord.

PMID- 974736
TI  - The effect of antisynaptosomal plasma membrane antibodies on memory.
AB  - Antisynaptosomal plasma membrane antibodies were introduced through an infusion
      cannula into rat brain and their effects on behaviour were tested. Four different
      learning paradigms were used, two appetitively and two aversively motivated, to
      show impairment in memory retrieval. No effects were found on aquisition, motor
      activity, or motivation.

PMID- 974737
TI  - The autoradiographic localization of L-[3h]glutamate in rat brain tissue.

PMID- 974738
TI  - Photic responses of the basal preoptic area in the cat.

PMID- 974739
TI  - A direct afferent visual pathway from the nucleus of the optic tract to the
      inferior olive in the cat.

PMID- 974740
TI  - Control of tubulin and actin synthesis and assembly during differentiation of
      neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 974741
TI  - Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor binding in mammalian retina.

PMID- 974742
TI  - An electron microscopic study of lesion-induced synaptogenesis in the dentate
      gyrus of the adult rat. II. Reappearance of morphologically normal synaptic
      contacts.
AB  - Intact synapses in the denervated area of the rat dentate gyrus are reduced to
      14% of those normally present 2-4 days following a unilateral entorhinal lesion.
      By 160-240 days after lesion, the former entorhinal terminal zone is repopulated
      with new synapses. In all, there is more than a 5-fold increase in the density of
      intact synapses in the denervated zone between 2 and 240 days post-lesion, and
      the denervated zone of the molecular layer is restored to 80% of control values.
      The synapses are Gray type I and are formed on simple and complex spines which
      closely resemble those normally present. A few boutons have an abnormally large
      number of synaptic junctions. Reinnervation seems to progress at differential
      rates. Synapses are rapidly regained up to 30 days after operation, but
      thereafter the reacquisition of synaptic connections is much slower.
      Reinnervation is more rapid in the portion of the denervated zone nearest the
      granule cells, where the maximal densities are attained within 30 days. The time
      course of reinnervation differed from that of degeneration. A portion of the new
      synapses in the reinnervated molecular layer appear to arise by the assembly of
      new synaptic junctions. Over time, the number of post-synaptic contact sites
      along a given length of dendritic surface recovers, suggesting the formation of
      new synaptic sites. Our data indicate that granule cells retain a capacity even
      into adulthood to manufacture, position and assemble postsynaptic components of a
      synapse and, in concert with reactive afferents, form normal-appearing synapses.

PMID- 974743
TI  - Fine structure of the olfactory bulb in the goldfish, Carassius auratus.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies have aided in identifying the principal cell types and
      the layers of the olfactory bulb in goldfish. The concentrically arranged four
      layers are: the primary olfactory nerve layer (most peripheral), the glomerular
      layer, the mitral cell layer, and the granule cell layer (deepest). Three types
      of cell bodies were differentiated by their size and cytoplasmic organelles:
      mitral cells, granule cells and short axon cells. The axons of the primary
      olfactory nerve formed synaptic contacts with mitral cell dendrites in the
      glomeruli. Reciprocal synapses were observed between the granule cell dendrites
      and the mitral cell dendrites in the mitral cell layer. Terminals of the
      centrifugal fibers forming synaptic contacts with the granule cell dendrites were
      identified in the granule cell layer. The relationships between the cellular and
      synaptic organizations and the neural mechanism of olfaction are discussed.

PMID- 974744
TI  - Tuning of single fibers in the cochlear nerve of the alligator lizard: relation
      to receptor morphology.
AB  - (1) The general anatomy of the peripheral portion of the cochlear nerve in the
      alligator lizard is described. (2) Spike discharges of single units were recorded
      with micropipets placed in the peripheral portion of the cochlear nerve of
      anesthetized lizards. (3) In response to tone bursts, each unit is maximally
      sensitive to a charactertistic frequency (CF). There are two distinct populations
      of units having different CFs: a low CF population (CF in the range 0.2-0.8 kHz)
      recorded in the portion of the nerve that enters the apical region of the basilar
      papilla and a high CF population (CF in the range 0.9-4.0 kHz) recorded in the
      portion of the nerve that enters the basal region. The low CF units are more
      sharply tuned than the high CF units. (4) Comparison of cochlear nerve units of
      the alligator lizard with those of mammals shows that the tuning of low CF units
      resembles that of mammalian units of the same CF. The tuning of high CF lizard
      units differs significantly from mammalian units. (5) The distinct differences in
      tuning of low and high CF units are correlated with distinct differences in the
      structure of the basilar papilla in the apical and basal regions rather than with
      differences in the width of the basilar membrane.

PMID- 974745
TI  - Stimulation of the dorsal noradrenergic dundle and field potentials in the locus
      coeruleus.
AB  - Field potentials were recorded from the locus coeruleus following electrical
      stimulation of the rat midbrain. Activation of a discrete area situated
      ventrolateral to the central gray evoked long-latency potentials in the locus
      coeruleus while stimulation of other midbrain sites did not. Damage to this
      discrete area resulted in a depletion of norepinephrine in the cerebral cortex
      suggesting that it is a segment of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle arising from
      the locus coeruleus.

PMID- 974746
TI  - Preparation of cell bodies from the developing cerebellum: structural and
      metabolic integrity of the isolated cells.
AB  - A method is described for the isolation from the developing rat cerebellum of
      cell bodies which display a high level of ultrastructural organization. The
      procedure, which utilizes isotonic conditions throughout, begins with a brief
      trypsinisation at low enzyme concentration (0.025%). Proteolysis is terminated by
      trypsin inhibitor and followed by short exposure to EDTA. The technique is
      effective with cerebella from rats up to 2 weeks after birth. Recoveries of cell
      bodies vary from 130-410 million/g wet weight of tissue, depending on age: this
      represents, in terms of recovered DNA, a mean value for yield of 33%. Suspensions
      contain little debris, free nuclei are rare and about 80% of the perikarya
      excludes trypan blue. Survey electron micrographs show that most cell bodies
      possess uninterrupted plasma membrane profiles and retain highly organised
      cytoplasmic and nuclear ultrastructure. Structural preservation is highlighted in
      the case of Purkinje cell bodies in which may characteristic features survive
      including, most notably, perisomatic spines. Metabolic integrity appears to
      parallel morphological preservation as judged by several functional criteria,
      including the ability to metabolise glucose, accumulate K+ ions and synthesize
      proteins. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the tissue
      dossociation technique does not lead to major deletions of cell proteins and that
      the pattern of perikaryal protein synthesis in vitro closely resembles that in
      vivo. These perikaryal preparations therefore hold out great promise as a
      simplified system for metabolic studies and as a starting material for the
      derivation of purified sub-populations of cell bodies from developing cerebellum.

PMID- 974747
TI  - Silver impregnation of dopaminergic systems after radiofrequency and 6-OHDA
      lesions of the rat ventral.
AB  - Nauta and Fink-Heimer silver impregnation techniques were used to study the
      anterior degeneration produced by radiofrequency (RF) or 6-OHDA lesions in the
      medial and lateral ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT), substantia nigra and
      dorsalis tegmental decussation (DTD) in rats. Both Nauta and Fine-Heimer
      impregnating methods showed that RF lesion of the VNT produced degeneration in
      three major pathways: a ventral pathway corresponding to the fasciculus medialis
      prosencephali (FMP), an intermediate pathway projecting to the ventral thalamus,
      and a dorsal pathway to the medio-dorsal thalamus and to the nucleus lateralis
      habenulae. In addition, the Fink-Heimer method demonstrated prejections of the
      dopaminergic A10 and A9 cell group in the VMT to the nucleus caudatus after RF or
      6-OHDA lesions. Projections to nucleus accumbens, tuberculum olfactorium, stria
      terminalis, and cortex frontalis were observed only after 6-OHDA lesion of the
      A10 cell group. Degeneration in cortex cinguli and entorhinalis was seen mainly
      after 6-OHDA lesion of the A9 cell group. The limbic forebrain cortical
      projections of the A10 group provide a coherent anatomical basis for the
      behavioral syndrome provoked by RF and 6-OHDA lesions in the VMT.

PMID- 974748
TI  - Nucleoside triphosphate and cation requirement for dopamine uptake by plain
      synaptic vesicles isolated from rat cerebrums.
AB  - Plain synaptic vesicles were partially purified from rat cerebrums and their
      [3H]dopamine uptake was investigated. The addition of MgCl2 plus ATP and of CaCl2
      plus ATP increased the uptake 16 times and 5.5 times, respectively, higher than
      the control level, whereas the separate addition of these agents augmented the
      level at most 2.5 times. GTP stimulated the uptake as well as ATP, whereas UTP
      was one-third as effective and CTP, ADP, and AMP were all ineffective. Adenylyl
      imidodiphosphate was not only ineffective, but strongly reduced the ATP-dependent
      uptake. The half-maximal level of the ATP-dependent uptake was reached within 1.5
      min after the start of incubation at 25 degrees C. The incorporation peaked at 5
      10 min, then gradually declined to half-maximum at 45 min. This decline was
      prevented by the further addition of small amounts of CaCl2. There was no uptake
      at  0 degrees C, and the incorporation rate was at least 2 times faster at 37
      degrees C than it was at 25 degrees C. The apparent Michaelis constant for [3H]
      dopamine was 1.6 muM. The half maximal inhibition of uptake was obtained at 0.1
      muM reserpine; neither colchicine nor ouabain showed significant inhibition. The
      ATP-dependent uptake was not affected by K+, Na+, and Cl-, but was drastically
      decreased by isotonic phosphate buffer.

PMID- 974749
TI  - The effect of cortical and collicular spreading depression on the optokinetic and
      reversive postoptokinetic nystagmus in rabbits.

PMID- 974750
TI  - A Ca- dependent regenerative response in rodent dorsal root ganglion cells
      cultured in vitro.

PMID- 974751
TI  - Histamine microiontophoresis on identified hypothalamic neurons: 3 patterns of
      response in the ventromedial nucleus of the rat.

PMID- 974752
TI  - Corticosterone binding in cytosols from brain regions of mature and senescent
      male C57BL/6J mice.

PMID- 974753
TI  - Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity in various areas of human brain,
      tissues and fluids.

PMID- 974754
TI  - Monosynaptic habituation in the vertebrate forebrain: the dentate gyrus examined
      in vitro.
AB  - The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was examined for the presence of the
      parametric features of habituation. All 8 of the tested parameters were found in
      the dentate thus extending the observation of habituation to a monosynaptic
      junction in the vertebrate forebrain. The data are discussed in relation to
      hippocampal function and plasticity.

PMID- 974755
TI  - Lithium induced alterations in rat ganglionic lipids.
AB  - Superior cervical ganglia from normal or lithium fed rats were incubated in vitro
      with [U-14C]pyruvic acid, in Krebs-Ringer solution with or without lithium ion.
      Acute lithium incubations were performed on ganglia from normal rats with 25
      mEquiv./l of lithium ion, while chronic incubations were performed on ganglia
      from lithium fed rats with 0.5 mEquiv./l lithium in the bathing solution. Lipids
      were extracted, separated by thin layer chromatography and specific activities of
      individual lipids and their fatty acids determined. In control ganglia
      shinogolipids contained 60-70% of the lipid radioactivity, glycerophospholipids
      20-30% and neutral lipids 10-25%. Phosphatidylcholine contained 65% of the
      glycerophospholipid label and 40% of the lipid phosphorus, while sphingomyelin
      contained 90% of the sphingolipid label and exhibited the highest specific
      activity over all. Cholesterol was the major neutral lipid. Niety-five per cent
      of the glycerophospholipid label and 4% of the sphingomyelin label was localized
      in the fatty acids. The lipid and fatty acid compositions of all ganglia were
      similar. However the lipid radioactivity in chronic ganglia was lower than in
      control, with the sphingolipids most affected. In 80 min stimulated chronic
      ganglia stearic and oleic acid, radioactivity was depressed with respect to both
      control fatty acids and to the [14C]palmitate of chronic tissues. In both chronic
      and acute lithium ganglia stimulated for 80 min, the specific activities of
      phosphatidylinositol were significantly lower than in control. In contrast to
      control, the labeling of sphingolipids in resting acute ganglia was higher than
      in stimulated tissues.

PMID- 974756
TI  - Retinofugal projections in an echolocating bat.

PMID- 974757
TI  - Microphysiology of human cerebral cortex studied in vitro.

PMID- 974758
TI  - Aplysia eye: modulation by efferent optic nerve activity.

PMID- 974759
TI  - Voltage sensitivity of inhibitory postsynaptic current in Aplysia buccal ganglia.

PMID- 974760
TI  - Possible inhibitory neurons in the bulbar reticular formation involved in the
      cortically evoked inhibition of the masseteric motoneuron of the cat.

PMID- 974761
TI  - Differential effects of morphine on responses of dorsal horn lamina V type cells
      elicited by A and C fibre stimulation in the spinal cat.

PMID- 974762
TI  - Oscillatory activity of pontine neurons related to the regular occurence of REM
      bursts in the decerebrate cat.

PMID- 974763
TI  - Central control of posture: reciprocal discharge by two pontine neuronal groups
      leading to suppression of decerebrate rigidity.

PMID- 974764
TI  - Impulses reflected from dorsal root ganglia and from focal nerve injuries.

PMID- 974765
TI  - Taurine uptake in astrocytes cultured from dissociated mouse brain hemispheres.

PMID- 974766
TI  - Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine and 6
      hydroxydopamine on supra-ependymal nerves.

PMID- 974767
TI  - Actions of iontophoretically applied prolactin on septal and preoptic neurons in
      the guinea pig.

PMID- 974768
TI  - The effects of 2-chloro-11-(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl) dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine
      (loxapine) and its derivatives on the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of rat
      striatal homogenates.

PMID- 974769
TI  - Developmental studies of the compartmentalization of water and electrolytes in
      the choroid plexus of the neonatal rat brain.
AB  - Rats of various postnatal ages were utilized to study developmental changes in
      the distribution of Na, K and H2O between the various compartments of the lateral
      ventricular plexus (LVP). During the 3 weeks after birth, as the LVP grows from
      0.5 to 0.8 mg, there is a significant increase in plexus K which is accompanied
      by a progressive decrease in Na and H2O. Also, during this postnatal period the
      decrease in [3h]inulin space in the plexus is proportional to the decrease in the
      Na space. Between 3 weeks and adulthood, the [3h]inulin and Na spaces are both
      augmented to a similar extent; moreover, during this same period of development
      there is a trebling of the residual [51cr]erythrocyte volume. Despite the
      substantial changes in the volume of the extracellular fluid and of the residual
      blood in the plexus with age, the calculated concentrations (mEquiv./kg H2O) of
      choroid cell Na (30-35) and K (145-155) are similar for all ages investigated.
      The derived data for cellular ionic concentration, together with the analysis of
      the ionic concentration gradients (cerebrospinal fluid/plasma H2O), suggest that
      the transport mechanism which translocates Na and K across the choroidal membrane
      is operative as early as 3-4 days postnatal. The important role of the choroid
      plexus in central nervous system homeostasis is discussed in relation to the
      developing brain.

PMID- 974770
TI  - Effect of auditory neocortex ablation on identification of click rates in cats.
AB  - Six experimental and 3 unoperated cats were trained with a go, no-go shock
      avoidance procedure to discriminate increases from decreases in the rate of
      presentation of all auditory cortex between the suprasylvian sulcus and rhinal
      fissure while 3 cats had bilateral auditory cortex lesions plus ablation of the
      cortex of the anterior lateral and anterior and middle suprasylvian gyri. A sixth
      'naive' experimental cat received the present tests only after recovery from a
      bilateral auditory cortex ablation. After bilateral lesions, 5 of the
      experimental cats unexpectedly made no errors on no-go trials during retraining.
      This contrasts with their preoperative performance, as well as the performance of
      the 3 unoperated and the 'naive' operated cat, in which training was required for
      the successful discrimination of the two types of trials. This suggests that the
      neocortex may be more critical for mediating active 'go' responses to auditory
      stimuli than in preserving a memory for the difference between go and no-go
      stimuli. Further testing revealed that the thresholds of the operated cats did
      not differ from normal cats. All cats discriminated rates of 4/sec versus 6/sec
      clicks both with and without a neutral 5/sec background at levels significantly
      above chance.

PMID- 974771
TI  - Chronic changes in the response of cells in adult cat dorsal horn following
      partial deafferentation: the appearance of responding cells in a previously non
      responsive region.
AB  - One side of the lumbar enlargement in adult cats was partially deafferented by
      cutting all dorsal roots caudal to L3 with the exception of the S1 dorsal root.
      At various times after the roots had been sectioned, the response of dorsal horn 
      cells to natural and electrical stimuli applied to the leg and flank were
      recorded through extracellular glass microelectrodes. When animals were examined
      up to 24 h after this partial deafferentation, no cells were located in a region
      between segments L4 and 5 which responded monosynaptically to cutaneous
      stimulation on the leg. By one week, cells began to appear in the L4-5 region
      which responded monosynpatically to peripheral stimuli. The numbers of these
      newly connected cells seemed to have stabilised by 1 month after the partial
      deafferentation, but the properties of these cells were abnormal in 6 ways. The
      location of the receptive field of the cells was characteristic either of the S1
      dermatome or of segments rostral to L4. Some cells had double receptive fields,
      one on the leg and one of the abdomen. The size of the receptive field varied
      more than is observed in normal intact dorsal horn. In particular, certain cells
      had unusually small recpetive fields with abrupt edges and no associated
      inhibitory fields. The cells receive less convergence from high treshold
      afferents than normally observed. Associated inhibitory fields were rarely
      encountered. Habituation was observed and in some cells with doulbe receptive
      fields the response o onet area habituated while the response to the other area
      was unaffected. Slow wave recording on the surface of the cord showed that the
      effect of peripheral stimulation of the S1 dermatome spread far more extensively
      on the chronically deafferented side of the cord than it did on the intact side
      or in an intact cord. It was concluded that following partial deafferentation,
      the remaining afferents can establish connection with deafferented cells but the
      data presented did not allow a conclusion as to whether the new connections were
      produced by sprouting or by the unmasking of existing connections.

PMID- 974772
TI  - Responses of complex cells in the visual cortex of the cat as a function of the
      length of moving slits.
AB  - (1) As a step towards specifying the spatial selectivity characteristics of
      complex cells with spatially periodic substructures, we have studied single cell
      responses to narrow slits of variable length moved across the receptive field in
      the preferred direction. In general, the length-response curves were linear over
      a considerable and sometimes full range until an optimal slit length was reached.
      (2) In those cells in which the rate of rise of the slit length-response
      functions decreased before the optimal length was reached, at least 3 factors
      contribute to the shape of the curve. First, the receptive field shapes of some
      complex cells are more ovoid or rounded than rectangular, and the summation of
      responses from excitatory zones of varying optimal lengths itself results in a
      nonlinear slit length-response function at long slit lengths. Second, central
      regions may contribute more to cell response than do more lateral regions along
      the length dimension. Third, a nonlinearity in the slit length-response curve may
      occur in the upper range of slit lengths as a saturation effect because discharge
      rates may reach 600/sec, which appears to be close to a limiting firing rate. (3)
      Some cells believed to be complex during preliminary receptive field testing
      showed weak inhibitory regions beyond the region of the optimal slit length. Many
      of these cells also displayed periodic average response histograms to moving
      slits. The extent and magnitude of the inhibition were variable from cell to
      cell. In terms of receptive field properties, these cells and 'regular' complex
      cells seem part of a continuum.

PMID- 974773
TI  - The effects of pentylenetetrazol on molluscan neurons. I. Intracellular recording
      and stimulation.
AB  - The effects of the convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) were studied in
      neurons from isolated ganglia of the nudibranch molluscs, Archidoris
      montereyensis and Anisodoris nobilis, using conventional techniques of
      intracellular recording and constant current stimulation. PTZ was selected
      because it causes changes in the intracellularly recorded responses similar to
      the depolarization shifts recorded in mammalian epileptic neurons. When perfusate
      containing 120-140 mM PTZ is introduced, the intracellular recording is
      characterized by an initial silent period followed by small oscillations in
      membrane potential and irregular firing of spikes. Within 5-15 min, bursts of 2-3
      spikes occurred followed by the appearance of episodic prolonged depolarizations
      with superimposed high-frequency spikes. In the presence of PTZ the prolonged
      depolarizations were evoked by intracellular stimulation and at the termination
      of conditioning hyperpolarizations. The prolonged depolarizations were also
      recorded in neurons isolated from all synpatic input by axonal ligation.
      Prolonged depolarizations showed threshold behavior since they can be terminated
      early by an intracellularly applied hyperpolarizing current.

PMID- 974774
TI  - The effects of pentylenetetrazol on molluscan neurons. II. Voltage clamp studies.
AB  - The effects of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) upon the steady and transient outward
      ionic currents during PTZ-induced prolonged depolarizations were investigated
      using voltage clamp techniques. PTZ causes a 5-35% reduction in gL and a 40-60%
      reduction in steady-state gK. There is also a marked reduction in the activation
      of gA of Connor and Stevens6 at all clamp potentials; a shortening of the time
      constant for the inactivation of gA; and a 10-15 mV shift in the depolarizing
      direction of the curve relating the steady-state inactivation of gA to membrane
      potential. The equilibrium potentials for both gA and gK are depolarized by 20 mV
      in PTZ solution. Equation and voltage clamp data for normal repetitive firing
      were integrated with the normal and PTZ-alered data. Solution to these equations
      demonstrated: (1) normal repetitive firing in response to a constant current
      stimulus; and (2) PTZ-altered repetitive firing that was in the direction of, and
      for the most part, similar to the observed behavior.

PMID- 974775
TI  - Incorporation of tritiated leucine by axotomized rubral neurons.
AB  - Fourteen kittens, 7--10 weeks of age, were injected with [3H]leucine 0.5--24 h
      before sacrifice 1--30 days after unilateral high cervical rubrospinal
      tractotomy. Histoautoradiographs of the red nuclei were prepared and
      counterstained with thionin. Axon reaction, evident histologically 24 h after
      surgery, was manifested by central chromatolysis or diffuse cytoplasmic
      chromophobia. Partial reversion toward a normal cytologic appearance was apparent
      10--30 days postoperatively. Nucleolar and nuclear shrinkage and cytoplasmic
      atrophy were conspicuous accompaniments of axon reaction in rubral neurons.
      Expressed per cell the radioactivity of axotomized rubral nerve cells was
      consistently less than controls in animals surviving operation from 5 to 30 days.
      The data indicate that axon reaction in red nucleus is regressive in character
      and early associated with diminished protein synthesis. The frequently regressive
      nature of axon reaction in intrinsic neurons, such as those of red nucleus,
      probably is important in accounting for failure of regeneration of many mammalian
      CNS fiber tracts after injury.

PMID- 974776
TI  - Regional distribution of substance P in the brain of the rat.
AB  - Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay we have studied the regional distribution of
      substance P. The level of substance P is higher in the mesencephalon,
      hypothalamus and preoptic area than in other regions of the brain. Substance P is
      found in especially high concentrations in the reticular part of the substantia
      nigra and the interpeduncular nucleus. It is present in large amounts in several
      septal, preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei as well.

PMID- 974777
TI  - Frequency of firing of Stein's model neuron with application to cells of the
      dorsal sphinocerebellar tract.

PMID- 974778
TI  - Conduction properties of afferent fibers innervating type I receptors in hairy
      skin of cat.

PMID- 974779
TI  - Dissociation of hyperdipsia from the destruction of the locus coeruleus in rats.

PMID- 974780
TI  - Sleep-wakefulness changes at the time of puberty in the female rat.

PMID- 974781
TI  - The behavioural effects of manipulating GABA function in the globus pallidus.

PMID- 974782
TI  - The growth of the dendritic trees of Purkinje cells in irradiated agranular
      cerebellar cortex.
AB  - The heads of noenatal Wistar rats were irradiated with 200 rads daily from birth
      to the 10th day post-partum. Ten litters each containing 5 animals were killed at
      30 days post-partum and their brains treated by the Golgi-Cox technique. The
      dendritic trees of 24 Purkinje cells were analysed using the quantitative
      technique of network analysis, and comparisons made between parameters obtained
      from 20 normal Purkinje cells. All dendritic trees in agranular irradiated cortex
      were markedly reduced in size (as indicated by total dendritic length and total
      number of segments) although mean path lengths were normal. Segment lengths were
      normal over proximal branches, but uniformly increased over distal branches.
      Abnormal appendages, called 'giant spines' were observed on many dendrites. They
      were often some 10 mum in length and their presence effectively reduced segment
      lengths, increased the frequency of trichotomy and deviated growth from the
      normal random terminal pattern so that long collateral branching topologies were
      formed. Nevertheless, trichotomy was uniformly reduced in those trees without
      'giant spines' and the distribution of branching patterns suggested that growth
      had proceeded by random terminal dichotomy. These results demonstrate that the
      development of dendritic trees is retarded in the agranular irradiated
      cerebellum, where synaptogenesis is very greatly reduced below normal. The
      quantitative changes in segment lengths, size of trees, and trichotomy accord
      with those predicted by the filopodial synaptogenic hypothesis of dendritic
      growth formulated by Vaughn et al. 99, whilst the results of the topological
      analysis suggest that branching is established by a degree of non-random
      interaction between growing dendrites and their substrate. 'Claw-like' dendritic
      complexes within some Purkinje cell trees may have been induced by aberrent fibre
      bundles of few surviving granule cells.

PMID- 974783
TI  - Regional differences in the morphology of the rat subfornical organ.
AB  - Based upon scanning and transmission electron microscopy 3 regions are
      distinguished in the rat subfornical organ. The rostral region is dominated by
      nerve fibers interspersed with relatively few neurons and glial cells. Squamous
      to low cuboidal ependymal cells with flat ventricular surfaces bearing a few
      short microvilli line the center of this region; laterally, ciliated cuboidal
      ependymal cells predominate. The central region occupies the largest area of the
      organ and contains most of the neuronal perikarya and glial cells. Many perikarya
      and neuronal processes are located immediately underneath the ependymal surface.
      A dense capillary network with wide pericapillary spaces permeates the tissue. In
      the rostral two-thirds of this region the ependymal cells are either squamous or
      cuboidal, sometimes with slightly bulging ventricular surfaces bearing longer
      microvilli. Here supraependymal neurons are particularly numerous. The caudal one
      third of the central region is characterized by squamous, cuboidal and columnar
      ependymal cells whose hemispherical ventricular surfaces are studded with long
      microvilli and occasional cilia and vesicular protrusions. The caudal region,
      like the rostral region, is dominated by nerve fibers between which neuronal
      perikarya and glial cells are present. At this level the choroid plexus is
      attached to the SFO through highly vascularized pial connective tissue. It is the
      major point of penetration of the SFO's capillary plexus. The possible
      significance of these observations and their importance in experimental
      interventions are discussed.

PMID- 974784
TI  - Convergence of the descending pathways of motor, visual and limbic cortex in the
      cat di- and mesencephalon.
AB  - Comparisons of the descending pathways of the motor, visual and limbic cortex in
      the cat revealed a number of structures in di- and mesencephalon that receive
      projections from all these fields. They are centrolateral (CL), paracentral (Pc),
      central medial (CeM) and centre median (CM), nuclei of the thalamus, zona incerta
      (ZI) and Forel's field H1 of the subthalamus, nucleus of the posterior commissure
      and anterior and posterior nuclei of the pretectum (Prt), stratum griseum
      intermedial and profundum of superior colliculus (CS), periaqueductal gray matter
      (GC) and pontine nuclei (NP). The projections from the striate field of the
      visual cortex to ventrobasal complex of the thalamus (VB) are shown. The results
      are discussed with recent data on the anatomy and physiology. A possible role of
      corticocortical and corticofugal fiber connections is dealt with.

PMID- 974785
TI  - Response plasticity in hamster olfactory bulb: peripheral and central processes.
AB  - It is a well-established fact that prolonged odor stimulation leads to marked
      sensory adaptation. This study demonstrates comparable electrophysiological
      phenomena occurring at the level of the olfactory receptor and at more central
      olfactory structures. Recordings of overall receptor response and of olfactory
      bulb unit responses were made during repeated odor stimulation. During the course
      of a single, continuous odor presentation response decrements were seen in the
      EOG (at the olfactory receptors) and were mirrored at the mitral cell layer of
      the bulb. When brief periods without stimulation were introduced between such
      odor presentations, receptor responsiveness rebounded to its original level, but
      mitral cell responses did not. On the basis of this dissociation it is suggested
      that the pattern of response decrement within the bulb represents a case of
      stimulus-specific habituation in a simple cortical subsystem and is well worth
      future investigation as a model of neural plasticity. Surgical disconnection of
      the olfactory bulb from one or more of its centrifugal inputs results in
      hyperactive, hyperresponsive mitral cells, which habituate more rapidly and show
      longer recovery times than do those in the intact bulb. In addition, the
      synchronization of such units to the inhalation cycle is markedly reduced as
      compared with normal preparations. These facts together suggest that the
      habituation of mitral cell activity does not depend on centrifugal inputs,
      although one or more of such inputs act indirectly in an inhibitory fashion to
      modulate and tune mitral cell response characteristics.

PMID- 974786
TI  - The contribution of local blood flow to the rapid clearance of potassium from the
      cortical extracellular space.
AB  - The transport of potassium to the blood stream following stimulation of the
      cortex in cats is evaluated by means of a potassium sensitive microelectrode
      technique. Potassium levels are measured in cortical veins, the sagittal sinus
      and the extracellular space during and after both pharmacological and electrical
      stimulation of the cortex. It is concluded that the potassium transport to the
      blood stream is not a significant factor in the rapid clearance of potassium from
      the extracellular space following stimulation.

PMID- 974787
TI  - On spinal noradrenaline receptor supersensitivity: correlation between nerve
      terminal densities and flexor reflexes various times after intracisternal 6
      hydroxydopamine.
AB  - The noradrenaline (NA)-dependent hindlimb flexor reflex that can be elicited by
      pinching the foot of acutely spinalized rats given nialamide-DOPA or clonidine
      was evaluated different time intervals (14 days-6 months) after intracisternal
      injections of 6-OH-dopamine (6-OH-DA) and correlated to the degree of bulbospinal
      catecholamine (CA) denervation as seen by Falck-Hillarp fluorescence
      histochemistry. Six and 14 days after 6-OH-DA, when almost all NA nerve terminals
      of the spinal cord had degenerated, the NA receptors where supersensitive to
      stimulation with clonidine as evidenced by an increased flexor reflex. This
      supersensitivity gradually disappeared as new nerve terminals were formed in the
      grey matter of the spinal cord during the following 3-6 months. The
      supersensitivity phenomenon 14 days after 6-OH-DA could also be demonstrated by L
      DOPA given to animals pretreated with 100 mg/kg nialamide. Using this relatively
      low dose of nialamide, almost no reflex response was seen in the control group.
      Using a higher degree of monoaminoxidase inhibition (nialamide 200 mg/kg) also
      non-supersensitive, NA receptors became maximally stimulated. Therefore, 6-OH-DA
      treated rats now showed a weaker reflex than controls, the reflex response being
      directly correlated to the number of nerve terminals present that could form NA
      from the precursor. Using 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, which selectively destroys 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) nerves, it was shown that the flexor reflex changes were
      specifically related to the NA nerves and unchanged by the simultaneous presence
      or absence of 5-HT nerve terminals. This was further supported by the finding of
      a correlation between amount of nerve terminals and flexor reflex responses in
      individual animals, especially at longer survival times both in the clonidine and
      the nialamide-DOPA experiments.

PMID- 974788
TI  - Spontaneous firing rate of neurones in the prefrontal cortex of the rat: evidence
      for a dopaminergic inhibition.

PMID- 974789
TI  - Potassium-evoked release of taurine from synaptosomal fractions of rat cerebral
      cortex.

PMID- 974790
TI  - Long lasting changes in the spontaneous activity of hippocampal neurons following
      stimulation of the entorhinal cortex.
AB  - The spontaneous activity of hippocampal and denate units was investigated in
      acute and chronic experiments on adult rats. Spontaneous unitary discharges from
      both regions were measured before and after brief tetanic stimulation of the
      entorhinal cortex. An increase in the frequency of spontaneous unit activity was
      obtained in units recorded from the dentate gyrus and CA3 field of the
      hippocampus for up to 20 min following stimulation. In chronic recordings of
      physiologically identified dentate units from freely moving rats similar results
      were obtained. The findings are discussed with reference to long lasting
      potentiation of synaptic activity in the perforant path-dentate granule cell
      connection.

PMID- 974791
TI  - Nucleus circularis: is it an osmoreceptor in the brain?
AB  - The nucleus circularis, in the anterior hypothalamus, is a group of magnocellular
      elements arranged in a ring around a capillary bed. The cells are predominantly
      monopolar, tightly packed, and are flattened at the outer border of the ring. The
      entire nucleus is surrounded or encapsulated by myelinated fibers. Electrical
      stimulation of this nucleus produced a short-latency, long-lasting and
      substantial antidiuresis in ethanol anesthetized rats. Water deprivation induced
      changes in numbers of nucleoli and cell size increases in these cells. The
      multiplication of nucleoli in this nucleus during water deprivation was more
      profound than that previously observed in the supraoptic nucleus. Decreases in
      multiple nucleoli accompanied voluntary rehydration. Seven criteria for status as
      an osmoreceptor are listed and the nucleus circularis was found to meet 6 of
      these criteria, the seventh being the demonstration of receptor potentials which
      has not yet been attempted.

PMID- 974792
TI  - Effect of prenatal heat stress on brain growth and serial discrimination reversal
      learning in the guinea pig.
AB  - Exposure of pregnant guinea pigs to an environmental temperature of 42 degrees C
      for 1 hr daily on Days 20-24 of gestation resulted in a significant reduction in
      the birthweight and brainweight of newborn offspring. These deficits persisted to
      early maturity and were still evident at 250 days of age following behavioral
      testing. Although some degree of postnatal neurogenesis and brain growth had
      occurred, this was not sufficient to compensate for the retarding influence of
      prenatal hyperthermia. Heat stress was also observed to seriously impair learning
      performance on the original discrimination task and this tendency persisted over
      the subsequent 4 reversals for both initial and perseverative errors. Impaired
      learning performance was related to reduction in brainweight. Animals with lower
      brainweights made significantly more initial, perseverative and total number of
      errors over the 5 problems. In addition, 12 of the 14 behaviorally tested
      stressed progeny had brainweights that were at least 2 standard deviations below
      the mean of the controls and as a result were classified as micrencephalic.
      Although heat stressed animals showed a significant reduction in the number of
      amacrine synapses in the inner plexiform layer of the retina, performance
      differences were not atrributed to changes in synaptic organisation of the
      retinal circuitry or to visual or other ophthalmic defects, but brain function.
      Animals with higher mean maternal poststressing core temperatures gave birth to
      progeny which had smaller whole and part wet-brainweights. Examination of the
      effect of poststressing core temperature on brainweight revealed that brain
      growth, independent of bodyweight, was retarded when this temperature elevated
      above 41.5 degrees C. This represented a rise of approximately 2.1 degrees C
      above normal and for each 1 degree C rise above this temperature, brainweight was
      reduced by 0.4227 g of the control value. Analysis of the atmospheric content of
      the incubator during stressing sessions ruled out the possibility that changes in
      level of oxygen and carbon dioxide may have contributed to the retarding
      influence on fetal development and learning ability in the guinea pig.

PMID- 974793
TI  - Acetylcholine, an inhibitory transmitter in the rat lateral hypothalamus.
AB  - Basolateral stimulation of the amygdala inhibited spontaneous firing of rat
      lateral hypothalamic neurons. The inhibition was augmented by eserine and blocked
      by atropine. Acetylcholine mimicked the inhibition and produced approximately 15
      mV of hyperpolarization beyond the original resting membrane potential which
      stopped spontaneous firing. The ACh effects were reversible. Results indicate
      that ACh might be an inhibitory transmitter involved in LH inhibition by AL
      stimulation.

PMID- 974794
TI  - Distribution of 3H-alpha-MSH in rat brain.
AB  - Radioactive synthetic alpha-MSH, prepared by selective tritiation of its dibromo
      L-tyrosine-derivative, was injected into the carotid artery of intact,
      hypophysectomized or pinealectomized rats. More radioactivity was found in the
      occipital cortex, cerebellum, and pons-medulla than in most other brain parts of
      rats decapitated 15 sec and, to a less significant extent, 30 min after
      injection. Part of this radioactivity behaved like alpha-MSH in several
      identification procedures. After administration of 3H-tyrosine, the least
      radioactivity was consistently found in the pons-medulla. Large amounts of
      radioactivity after 3H-alpha-MSH were found in the pituitary and, particularly in
      the hypophysectomized rats, in the pineal. The half-time disappearance of the
      first component of radioactivity from the blood of each group of rats injected
      with tritiated-alpha-MSH was no more than 2.5 minutes, a time considerably
      shorter than the behavioral and EEG effects of this pituitary hormone on visual
      attention.

PMID- 974795
TI  - Single cell activity in chronic unit recording: a quantitative study of the unit
      amplitude spectrum.
AB  - The ratio of standard deviation to mean, of the amplitude spectrum of well
      resolved single units, is shown to scale exponentially. This scaling is explained
      on the basis of a consideration of the relationship of extracellular voltage to
      voltage gradient, in a dendritic neuron model. A method is then advanced to
      extract, from multi-unit data, normally distributed amplitude spectra which are
      indistinguishable from those of well resolved single units. This method is
      suggested as a means of characterizing, in general, the unit activity obtained
      from chronically implanted preparations.

PMID- 974796
TI  - Evoked potential-unit relationships in behaving cats.
AB  - Adult cats were implanted with a movable microelectrode, and trained to respond
      differentially to two different frequencies of light flicker. Unit responses and
      evoked potentials were recorded along trajectories in the visual cortex and
      lateral geniculate nucleus. Although strong correlations are shown to exist
      between certain components of the evoked potential and peaks in the poststimulus
      histogram, it is demonstrated that it is impossible to specify a causal,
      predictive relationship.

PMID- 974797
TI  - An examination of the participation of neurons in readout from memory.
AB  - Adult cats were implanted with a movable microelectrode and were trained to
      perform for food reward in response to diffuse light flicker at two different
      frequencies. After substantial overtraining, the patterns of cell response
      (poststimulus histogram) were obtained during generalization trials, using an
      intermediate frequency stimulus. An average of 29% of the cells examined in
      lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex traverses showed statistically
      significant differences in the late component of the neuronal response when
      different responses to the same generalization stimulus were compared.

PMID- 974798
TI  - Hypertrophy and redistribution of astrocytes in the deafferented dentate gyrus.
AB  - The response of the astroglial population of the dentate gyrus molecular layer to
      removal of that region's primary afferent was investigated using Cajal's gold
      sublimate method. Deafferentation caused the astrocytes to hypertrophy, an effect
      which was detectable at 24 hr and maximal at 72-96 hr post-lesion. Following
      this, the astroglia entered a lengthy period of gradual atrophy. Counts of the
      astrocytes in the various sublayers of the molecular layer led to the conclusion
      that these cells migrate into denervated dendritic areas from neighboring,
      nondeafferented zones.

PMID- 974799
TI  - Computer-determined EEG patterns associated with memory-facilitating drugs and
      with ECS.
AB  - Cortical EEG patterns of rats were analyzed by computer following administration
      of analeptic drugs at doses previously shown to facilitate posttrial memory
      processes. The drugs produced an increase in the power of the EEG primarily by
      increasing the amount of activity in delta and lower-theta frequency bands. The
      increase in lower frequency theta was accompanied by a decrease in higher
      frequency theta, thus increasing the regularity in the theta band.
      Electroconvulsive shock, which disrupts posttrial memory processes, also
      increased delta activity, but it greatly lowered amplitudes throughout the EEG
      frequency spectrum. It is concluded that if any consistent relationship between
      the cortical EEG and posttrial memory processes exists, then increased amplitude
      and regularity in the delta and theta bands are associated with increased amounts
      of memory storage--at least in alert animals. Further studies are required to
      determine if a causal influence is involved in this correlation.

PMID- 974800
TI  - Raphe neurons and barbiturate induced rhythmic activity in the subthalamic
      nucleus and ventral tegmental area.
AB  - A continuous rhythmic discharge in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), lateral
      habenular nucleus, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) is associated with tremor in
      cats lightly anesthetized with barbiturate. The pontine raphe nuclei centralis
      superior and inferior also show barbiturate dependent slow wave and unitary
      activity. Stimulation of the raphe region produces evoked potentials and
      synchronization of the oscillatory activity in STN and VTA. The latency of the
      evoked response is shortest in STN. Extensive raphe lesions abolish the rhythmic
      activity in STN and VTA, but lesions which do not completely destroy nuclei
      centralis superior and inferior are not effective. In single cell recordings 81%
      of 142 cells in the pontine raphe region and medial reticular formation are
      inhibited following VTA stimulation. Fifty-four percent of 129 cells in the same
      region were inhibited when tested with STN stimulation. Forty-seven raphe
      paramedian reticular formation cells showed convergence of inhibitory input from
      STN, VTA, and contralateral sciatic nerve (Group II and III fibers). Depletion of
      serotonin with rho-chlorophenylalanine did not affect the appearance of
      barbiturate rhythmic activity. It is concluded that the pontine raphe region is
      not essential for maintenance of the oscillatory activity in STN and VTA, and
      that the raphe region is on the output side of the system.

PMID- 974801
TI  - Instrumental avoidance conditioning in the spinal rat.
AB  - Spinal rats exposed to an instrumental avoidance routine in a counterbalanced
      Horridge paradigm were able to achieve successively higher criteria. Both
      experimental and yoked control animals were capable of instrumental avoidance
      conditioning to incremental criteria; experimental animals exhibited retention of
      the task when tested. During acquisition, naive experimental animals were
      superior in performance to previous control animals. Due to the use of a
      counterbalanced Horridge paradigm, the effectsof sensitization and response
      variability are probably not sufficient to explain all of the results of this
      experiment. The data suggest that both graded acquisition and retention occur at
      the spinal level.

PMID- 974802
TI  - Superposition of binaural influences on single neuron activity in the medial
      superior olive elicited by electrical stimulation of the osseous spiral laminae.
AB  - The single unit response of medial superior olive (accessory nucleus) neurons was
      investigated, when elicited by electrical stimulation of nervous processes in the
      osseous spiral laminae in both cochleae and also by antidromic stimulation from
      the inferior colliculi. The osseous spiral laminae were stimulated at the first,
      second or third turns with grounding of one of the unstimulated turns. Time of
      signal arrival differences (delta tau) at the two cochleae and also intensity
      differences (deltai) were varied. (2) It is concluded that (A) binaural
      interaction in the MSO is not based on totally excitatory or inhibitory
      influences from either ear, but on cycles of excitation and inhibition; (B) these
      influences approximately obey the laws of superposition, i.e., the influences add
      linearly to determine discharge. (3) It is demonstrated that: (a) electrical
      stimulation, unlike acoustical stimulation, elicits a regular neural response;
      (b) the neural response functions elicited by changes in delta tau are deltai
      exhibit maxima and minima and are not smooth functions; (c) fine latency changes
      in the neural response are correlated with changes in delta tau and deltai; (d)
      the stimulation of different turns of the osseous spiral laminae (producing
      different current flows) elicits a different neural response depending on the
      turn stimulated, an effect reflecting the anatomical tonotopic arrangement of the
      medial superior olive; (e) changes in the stimulus differences delta tau and
      deltai are correlated with the ratio of the spike count in a short period
      following the stimulus, to the spike count in a longer total period; (f) changes
      in the stimulus differences delta tau and deltai elicit a neural response which
      varies according to the turn stimulated.

PMID- 974803
TI  - Evidence for independent osmosensitivity of lateral preoptic and lateral
      hypothalamic neurons.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine if a functional or modulatory
      relationship exists between osmosensitive neurons of the lateral preoptic (LPO)
      and lateral hypothalamic (LHA) areas. Unit activity was recorded from one neural
      area (LPO or LHA) following bilateral destruction of the opposite area, i.e., LPO
      recording site with LHA lesion site, and vice-versa. Bilateral destruction of the
      LPO or LHA did not eliminate the osmosensitivity characteristics of LPO or LHA
      units, demonstrating that units of either area do not require input from the
      opposite area for osmosensitivity.

PMID- 974804
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp in the study of pain.
AB  - Unit activity was recorded from bulbar neurons in the immobilized, lightly
      anesthetized cat following bipolar, electrical stimulation of the canine tooth
      pulp and the immediately proximal gingiva. When feasable, variations in neuronal
      responding were studied subsequent to the application of a topical anesthetic to
      the portion of the gingiva being stimulated. The results indicate that (1)
      stimulation of the pulp with insulated, embedded, dental electrodes does not
      excite receptors in adjacent, nondental tissue and (2) stimulation of the gingiva
      through insulated, concentric electrodes does not activate pulpal receptors in
      near-by teeth. In addition, the results corroborate previous demonstrations that
      current spread beyond the pulpal cavity is unlikely when appropriate stimulating
      procedures are used. Together, the data lend support to the position that
      electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp provides a unique means for the
      selective, parametric study of a known pain sensor.

PMID- 974805
TI  - Pathologic effects of antimetabolites on the hippocampus of diet controlled mice.
AB  - Marked histological changes are observed in the hippocampi of mice maintained on
      a niacin deficient diet following a single injection of 3-acetylpyridine
      (antimetabolite of nicatinamide). Extensive neuronal damage occurs in areas H2,
      H3 and to a lesser degree in the dentate gyrus. The neurons appear to be
      shrunken, deeply basophilic and exhibit a loss of intracellular architecture. The
      neuronal response in pyridoxine deficient mice treated with 4-methoxypyridoxine
      (antimetabolite of pyridoxine) is not remarkable.

PMID- 974806
TI  - A theory of the serial lesion effect.
AB  - The serial lesion effect is explained as a result of differentiation contingent
      upon induction by a spared residue. The induction can only take place when the
      lesion is made since the intact structures repress differentiation when some
      critical mass is reached. A distinction between the process giving rise to
      reorganization and reorganization as an outcome is made.

PMID- 974807
TI  - Hypothalmic influences on the electrical activity of the olfactory pathway.
AB  - By means of evoked potentials a direct efferent connection was found to run from
      the posterior hypothalmus and medial forebrain bundle to primary olfactory
      structures (olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle and prepyriform cortex). The
      pathway from the hypothalmus to the olfactory bulb follows in the lateral
      olfactory tract at a conduction velocity 5-10 m/sec. The olfactory tubercle
      functions as a relay station for the efferent fibers from various sources,
      running to the olfactory bulb. In animals with electrodes chronically implanted
      in the olfactory structures, hypothalamic stimulation gives rise to a prolonged
      train of hypersynchronous bursts of activity (40-50 Hz), which resemble the
      arousal reaction. This response is modified by transecting the cervical
      sympathetic trunk. By pathways still to be defined, potentials are evoked in the
      olfactory bulb by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk and the
      termination of these sympathetic fibers shows a common postsynaptic neuronal pool
      with axons of hyopothalmic origin. Epinephrine topically applied to the olfactory
      mucosa induced hypersynchronous activity in olfactory structures, quite similar
      to that consequent to hypothalmic stimulation. These results suggest a
      multichanneled hypothalmic modulation of olfactory input.

PMID- 974808
TI  - Effect of raphe lesions on brain serotonin in the cat.
AB  - A quantitative study of the regional distribution of serotonin (5-HT) in the
      forebrain, was performed in adult cats, following brainstem lesions. Seven to 10
      days survival times were used to avoid nonspecific variations of the amine
      levels, as were observed in chronic preparations. Significant decreases of 5-HT
      levels were found after lesions of the nucleus centralis superior (CS), in
      hypothalamus, preoptic area, amygdala and hippocampus. After lesions of the
      nucleus dorsalis raphe (Dr), significant 5-HT decreases were also found in the
      hypothalamus and hippocampus. There was no change of 5-HT levels after lesions
      placed in the lateral midbrain, pontine tegmentum, or caudal pontine raphe,
      contrary to that was reported for chronic lesioned cats. These results suggest
      that CS and Dr may integrate different serotonergic subsystems and, probably,
      each one of these subsystems is related to specific functional phenomena.

PMID- 974809
TI  - Drug effects on sucessive discrimination learning in young chickens.
AB  - Chicks were trained to avoid pecking either a red or a blue bead in a one-trial
      avoidance task by coating one bead with methy anthranilate. They avoided the
      aversant bead on retention tests 10 to 180 min or 24 hr after learning, but not
      the neutral bead. Intracranial administration of ouabain or cycloheximide (CXM) 5
      min before learning resulted in decay in retention after 10 and 30 min
      respectively following learning, discrimination being effective prior to those
      times. In a second experiment, chicks were trained on three physically distinct
      beads, two of which were made aversive during the learning period, the training
      trials separated by an hour. Saline-treated chickens retained memory of both
      aversive beads on retention trials 180 min later. CXM- and ouabain-treated
      chickens showed loss of memory for the bead associated with the drug but showed
      retention of the task which was not associated with the drug.

PMID- 974811
TI  - Paraventricular nucleus: changes in the medial and lateral cell groups during
      dehydration and rehydration in the rat.
AB  - Cell area, percentage of cells with more than one nucleolus, and percentage of
      cells with the nucleolus apposed to the nuclear membrane (marginated) were
      compared in the medial and lateral magnocellular portions of the paraventricular
      nucleus (PVN) during water deprivation and voluntary rehydration. Lateral cells
      were larger and had a greater percentage of cells with multiple nucleoli in all
      conditions of deprivation and rehydration. In addition laterals were found to
      have more cells with marginated nucleoli in these cells with only one nucleoli.
      Medial and lateral cells showed similar responses to deprivation and rehydration.

PMID- 974810
TI  - Hypothalamic Na+ and Ca++ ions and temperature set-point: new mechanisms of
      action of a central or peripheral thermal challenge and intrahypothalamic 5-HT,
      NE, PGEi and pyrogen.
AB  - The effects of changes in ambient and central temperature, amines, PGEu and
      pyrogen were investigated with respect to the mechanism of Na+-Ca++ ratio in the
      posterior hypothalamus of the unrestrained cat. Guide tubes were implanted
      bilaterally above the posterior hypothalamic area of 23 cats so as to accommodate
      push-pull cannulae. After a Na+ or Ca++ sensitive site was identified by
      perfusion at 50 mul/min of an artificial CSF containing 10.4 mM excess Ca++ ions
      or 13.6 mM excess Na+ ions, several types of experiments were undertaken with the
      results summarized as follows: if the cat was exposed to a cold or warm
      environmental temperature as the posterior hypothalamus was perfused with excess
      cation, the typical hypothermia was produced by Ca++ and hyperthermia by Na+
      ions. However, if the cat was exposed to peripheral cooling or warming 30 min
      prior to the perfusion, the fall or rise produced by Ca++ or Na+ was attenuated
      or prevented. In other experiments, 1.0 muCi 45Ca++ was injected in the ion
      sensitive site in the posterior hypothalamus to label stores of the cation.
      Raising of ambient temperature caused a retention of 45Ca++ in this hypothalmic
      area, whereas a cold environmental temperature enhanced the efflux of 45Ca++ at
      the same perfusion site. The magnitude of change in 45Ca++ efflux depended upon
      the intensity of the thermal challenge. Similarly, warming of the anterior
      hypothalmic, preoptic area by means of implanted thermodes caused an immediate
      diminution in 45Ca++ efflux in the posterior hypothalamus, whereas cooling of
      this anterior region augmented the extrusion of 45Ca++ ions from the posterior
      area. When substances which produce a temperature change were applied to the same
      thermosensitive zone, the direction of shift in 45Ca++ flux in the posterior area
      corresponded to the signal for heat production or heat loss. That is, the
      microinjection of 5-HT, PGE1 or Salmonella typhosa into the anterior hypothalamus
      enhanced the efflux of 45Ca++ in the posterior hypothalamus as hyperthermia
      developed, whereas a similar microinjection of norepinephrine reduced the 45Ca++
      output from the same sites. Finally, locally anesthetizing the cells of the
      anterior hypothalamus by the nerve blocker, procaine, prevented the cold and heat
      induced 45Ca++ eflux and retention, respectively. These results suggest that if
      the Na+-Ca++ ratio in the posterior hypothalamus establishes and maintains the
      set-point for body temperature of 37 degrees -38 degrees C, the mechanism of
      lability of Ca++ through changes in binding characteristics, transport, or
      metabolism of the cation serves two purposes: (1) the active defense of the set
      point temperature through gradations in ion shifts; and (2) the upward or
      downward change in set-point value, pathological or normal, triggered by virtue
      of impulses relayed from the anterior hypothalamus.

PMID- 974812
TI  - Peptides from pigeon cerebrum: two-dimensional fingerprinting and amino acid
      analysis.
AB  - The number and heterogeneity of endogenous peptides from pigeon cerebrum were
      studied by two-dimensional peptide fingerprinting. A highly consistent pattern of
      8-9 peptides in the 1000-5000 molecular weight range was obtained from each
      cerebral sample. Amino acid analysis of the peptide material indicated that 30%
      of the identified residues were dicarboxylic amino acids and 30% were alphatic
      amino acids. There was no evidence for the presence of arginine or half-cystine
      in the peptide fraction.

PMID- 974813
TI  - Effect of visual stimulation on the evoked response recorded at the vertex.
AB  - Previous research on the visual evoked brain response (VEBR) recorded from the
      occipital scalp indicates that this response shows a high degree of stimulus
      control. An evoked brain response can also be elicited simultaneously from the
      vertex response is affected to the same degree by several different aspects of
      visual stimuli as is the corresponding occipital response. The VEBR was recorded
      from the vertex of 3 human subjects as a function of changes in stimulus size and
      intensity. The results showed that the amplitude of the first major positive
      component of the VEBR was not reliably related to the stimulus parameters. It was
      concluded that the VEBR recorded at the vertex probably has its source in a
      distinct cortical generator which is not specifically related to the parameters
      of visual stimulation.

PMID- 974814
TI  - Calcium inhibits catecholamine depletion by reserpine from carotid body glomus
      cells.
AB  - Histofluorescent and quantitative microfluorimetric studies have been performed
      on glomus cells of the rat carotid body, which fluoresce intently after treatment
      by paraformaldehyde vapor. Reserpine causes a reduction in intensity of
      fluorescence of about 90%. Subcutaneous injections of calcium chloride (100-300
      mg/kg) were given before reserpine. Calcium prevents the depletion of
      catecholamies from the glomus cells by reserpine. This effect is dose related in
      that the depletion of catecholamines by heavy reserpine doses (15 mg/kg) cannot
      be overcome by calcium, medium doses (5 mg/kg) can be overcome but variably, and
      light doses (1 mg/kg) are always overcome substantially and can result in
      virtually complete inhibition of the depletion by reserpine. If calcium might
      counteract the effects of reserpine by occupying attachment sites of the
      vesicular membrane, thereby preventing reserpine from reaching its site of
      action, resulting in the usual uptake of catecholamines by the vesicles and
      suppression of the depleting action of reserpine.

PMID- 974815
TI  - [Annual mortality rhythm of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

PMID- 974816
TI  - [Influence of Goldblatt hypertension on adrenergic innervation of the kidney in
      rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 974817
TI  - [Changes in the activity of the enzymatic system of blood serum from mothers and
      from the umbilical vein degrading S-benzyl-L-cystein-p-nitroanilid, oxytocin, and
      lysine-vasopressin in the course of labour (author's transl)].

PMID- 974818
TI  - [Effect of reserpine on calcium content in the brain of laboratory animals
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 974819
TI  - [Effect of d-lysergic acid (LSD) diethylamide on the ulcerogenic effect of
      phenylbutazone (author's transl)].

PMID- 974820
TI  - [Occurrence of X-chromosome and Y-chromosome in the intermitotic nucleus
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 974821
TI  - [Comparison of some risk factors in deliveries of adolescent and elderly
      primiparae (author's transl)].

PMID- 974822
TI  - [The share of toxoplasmosis in gynecologico-obstetrical pathology (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 974823
TI  - [Microbial characteristics of the atmosphere of a surgical wing following long
      term reconstruction (author's transl)].

PMID- 974824
TI  - [Effect of deep inspiration on momentary QRS vectors in healthy subjects on
      application of the McFee-Parungao system of leads (author's transl)].

PMID- 974825
TI  - [Effect of ethanol on glycide, lipid, and protein components in the liver and
      blood of rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 974826
TI  - [Reactivity of the isolated ductus arteriosus of guinea pigs and dogs during a
      short prenatal and postnatal period (author's transl)].

PMID- 974827
TI  - [Electrocardiographic patterns in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome simulating the
      pattern of myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

PMID- 974828
TI  - [Pathologic changes of myomas of the uterus and operative indications (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 974829
TI  - [Roentgenologic findings on the heads of newborns following vacuumextraction
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 974830
TI  - [Analysis of notified "polio-like" cases in Slovakia over the years 1968-1971
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 974831
TI  - [Clinical experiences with the preparation prepurex--an expeditious test in the
      diagnosis of pregnancy (author's transl)].

PMID- 974832
TI  - [Long-term results after acetabuloplasties according to colonna (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 974833
TI  - [Analysis of the incidence of measles in Bratislava before and after introduction
      of vaccination (author's transl)].

PMID- 974834
TI  - [Supraclavicular technique of superior vena caval catheterization (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 974835
TI  - [Roentgenologic picture of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 974836
TI  - [Blood platelets and blood coagulation].

PMID- 974837
TI  - [Withdrawal of blood inducing a negative emotive reaction and its effect on skin
      temperature in children].

PMID- 974838
TI  - [Contribution to diagnosis of adrenocortical disorders by calculating urinary 17
      hydroxycorticoid levels with respect to anthropometric parameters].

PMID- 974839
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus as risk factor of ischemic heart disease and reflected in
      serum lipid levels].

PMID- 974840
TI  - [Termination of delivery in pathologic labour activity].

PMID- 974841
TI  - [Development of evoked cortical activity and its inducement (author's transl)].

PMID- 974842
TI  - [Phonocardiographic findings in childrens with atrial septal defect and their
      correlation with heart volumen (author's transl)].

PMID- 974843
TI  - [Affected kidneys in leukemia in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 974844
TI  - [Evidence of hepatitis-B antigen in laboratory diagnosis of conditions affecting
      the liver and in healthy subjects (author's transl)].

PMID- 974845
TI  - [Methods of testing artificial heart valves (author's transl)].

PMID- 974846
TI  - [Our proceeding in reducing the duration of labour].

PMID- 974847
TI  - [Course of labour and early puerperium in anaemic mothers (author's transl)].

PMID- 974848
TI  - [Relation between pituitary gonadotropins and the activity of the malignant
      process in seminoma of the testes (author's transl)].

PMID- 974849
TI  - [Experiences with the application of vacuum cervical adapter im
      hysterosalpingography (author's transl)].

PMID- 974850
TI  - "Twin peaks" papilledema: the appearance of papilledema with optic tract atrophy.
AB  - A woman with a right middle fossa meningioma causing right optic tract atrophy
      and papilledema had distinctive funduscopic changes. The ipsilateral eye showed
      temporal disc pallor and nasal edema. The contralateral disc showed edema of the
      upper and lower poles which was separated by a horizontal band of optic atrophy.
      The fluorescein angiographic changes clearly illustrate this pattern. Apart from
      its theoretical interest this appearance of papilledema and atrophy provides
      definite localizing information.

PMID- 974851
TI  - Pheochromocytoma and von Hippel-Lindau's disease.
AB  - Two families with von Hippel-Lindau's disease with associated pheochromocytoma
      are presented. We include a review of the literature on this association, and
      discuss its significance for the ophthalmologist.

PMID- 974852
TI  - Ophthalmic manifestations of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type three.
AB  - We report the case of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type three,
      which was first diagnosed by members of the department of Ophthalmology. He was
      found to have multiple mucosal neuromata and medullary thyroid carcinoma. The
      ocular components of this syndrome include visible corneal nerves, conjunctival
      neuromas, thickened lids, anterior displacement of the cilia and a "dry eye"
      syndrome. The major systemic components are medullary thyroid carcinoma and
      pheochromocytoma. It is important that the Ophthalmologist recognize the
      ophthalmic manifestations of this syndrome so that early diagnosis and treatment
      may be possible.

PMID- 974853
TI  - Tonic pupil: a simple screening test.
AB  - The tonic pupil has a typical appearance and characteristic reactions to both
      light and the near reflex. Testing with Mecholyl (methacholine) is not possible
      since the drug is no longer manufactured. The reactions of a group of 25 patients
      with tonic pupil were studied using dilute pilocarpine, and compared with the
      pupil responses of a separate control group. We found that concentrations of 0.2%
      pilocarpine produced too many false-positive reactions in the control group and
      that 0.05% pilocarpine produced an insufficient response. The 0.1% concentration
      seemed suitable for ordinary clinical examinations and is recommended for
      pharmacologic confirmation of the diagnosis of tonic (Adie's) pupil.

PMID- 974854
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of normal and lased rabbit retina.
AB  - This study presents the topography as seen by scanning electron microscopy of the
      rabbit retina in general and the photoreceptors in particular; and of large laser
      lesions in the retina.

PMID- 974855
TI  - The use of bank sclera to correct lid retraction.
AB  - Twenty-two scleral grafts were inserted in patients with retracted lids, the
      youngest patient was two years old at time of surgery. Two patients were operated
      on under local anaesthesia and the remainder under general anaesthesia. In the
      patients with thyroid disease larger grafts were required, the temporal side of
      the graft being 3 mm greater vertically than the nasal. Our first cases were
      undercorrected, so we used grafts of a size at least twice that required to lower
      the lid. Other complications were rare. For ptosis overcorrections, and
      congenital lid retraction, the graft should be 2 mm bigger horizontally and
      vertically than the amount required to lower the lid.

PMID- 974856
TI  - Lactic acid in human aqueous humour.
AB  - We wished to assess the contribution of the lens to the maintenance of the high
      level of lactic acid found in human aqueous humour. The lactic acid in aqueous
      humour was estimated by Pryce's modification of the Barker-Summerson method in 41
      subjects who were divided into four groups: those with early cataract, those with
      advanced nuclear cataract, those with mature cataract and those with hypermature
      (morgagnian type) cataract. Statistical evaluation of the results showed that
      there was no significant difference in the lactic acid level between the four
      groups. We assume that the lens does not contribute significantly to the high
      concentration of lactate found in human aqueous humour.

PMID- 974857
TI  - Monocular elevator paresis, Argyll Robertson pupils and sarcoidosis.
AB  - A patient with sarcoidosis involving the central nervous system is described who
      developed monocular paralysis of elevation and Argyll Robertson pupils. A schema
      for the control system for vertical eye movements is presented as well as an
      explanation for monocular elevator palsy. The postulated lesion for monocular
      elevator palsy could well produce at the same time Argyll Robertson pupils and
      the cause of this papillary abnormality is discussed.

PMID- 974858
TI  - A 'black cornea' secondary to topical epinephrine.
AB  - We report a case of 'black cornea" secondary to topical epinephrine therapy and
      present the biochemical analysis of the lesion. The formed pigment is a melanin
      and not the intermediate substance, adrenochrome, as has been previously
      reported. The pathogenesis of melanin deposition is reviewed and a hypothesis of
      epinephrine-melanin binding is suggested.

PMID- 974859
TI  - The ins and outs of entropion and ectropion. Clinical assessment and choice of
      surgical procedure.

PMID- 974860
TI  - Congenital entropion.

PMID- 974861
TI  - Acute spastic entropion.

PMID- 974862
TI  - Chronic spastic entropion.

PMID- 974863
TI  - Senile entropion: a new surgical approach.

PMID- 974864
TI  - Cicatricial ectropion.

PMID- 974865
TI  - Cicatricial entropion.

PMID- 974866
TI  - Trichiasis and distichiasis.

PMID- 974867
TI  - The ins and outs of entropion and ectropion: part II. Congenital ectropion.

PMID- 974868
TI  - Senile ectropion.

PMID- 974869
TI  - Paralytic ectropion.

PMID- 974870
TI  - Lack of a significant protective effect of augmented circulating glucose on the
      ischemic myocardium.BJ.
AB  - Infusion of glucose alone or glucose with insulin in cats subjected to acute
      myocardial ischemia did not alter the hemodynamic response of the cats to
      coronary artery ligation. Furthermore, determination of myocardial creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK) (ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) activities
      failed to reveal a protective effect of glucose and insulin upon the status of
      the developing infarct in the ischemic myocardium. However, glucose and insulin
      apparently promote clearance of CPK from the plasma and inhibit proteolysis
      during the early phase of myocardial ischemia. These actions may be of value in
      generalized adaptive response of the animal to the stress of ischemia, but does
      not per se appear to diminish the spread of the ischemic damage within the heart
      not to limit the extension of the evolving infarct.

PMID- 974871
TI  - Induced rouleaux formation in interspecies populations of red cells.
AB  - A study was made of rouleaux formation between erythrocytes of different species
      when suspended in Ringer solution with polyvinylpyrrolidone added (PVP with M.W
      360 000, 4.0 G/L). PVP was shown previously to be a suitable asymmetric
      macromolecule for promoting rouleaux formation. For the present study fresh
      samples of blood were obtained from humans, cats, rats, mice, dogs, rabbits and
      guinea pigs. Initally homogenous populations of cells were allowed to form
      rouleaux in the microscope chamber for the purpose of determining the average
      cellular dimensions for each species. Subsequently red cells from two species at
      a time were mixed in equal proportions to assess the degree of preference for the
      cells of one species to form rouleaux among themselves rather than with cells of
      the other species. The sequencing of the cells in the mixed rouleaux which formed
      on the coverslip was determined from photomicrographs, using the previously
      determined knowledge of the cellular dimensions. Although the visual impression
      was that the rouleaux were composed of a random selection of cells from the mixed
      population, a preferencnstrated statisically in nine of the ten combinations
      tested. Only the rat-mouse mixture of cells was excepted, perhaps because these
      animals are closely related members of the same family.

PMID- 974872
TI  - Tonin activity in rat saliva: effect of sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic
      drugs.
AB  - The effects of carbachol, propranolol and isoproterenol on tonin concentrations
      in rat saliva have been investigated. The results suggest that the activity of
      this enzyme in rat saliva is dependent on activity of beta-adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 974873
TI  - The electrophysiological basis of the motor inhibitory effect of adrenaline on
      rabbit small intestinal smooth muscle.
AB  - The spontaneous electrical activity of small intestinal smooth muscle cells
      consists of repetive depolarizations (control activity) on which spikes (response
      activity) may be superimposed; each spike is preceded by a prepotential. Response
      activity is associated with contractions. Adrenaline initially abolished the
      response activity and any prepotenials, as well as the contractions, without
      altering the control activity or the membrane potential. This effect was followed
      by hyperpolarization and slight increase in the control potential amplitude. The
      hyperpolarization was insenstitive tto temperature (Q10 = 1.01) and was larger
      when the membrane was initially depolarized by K withdrawal but did not occur
      after the membrane was hyperpolarized by replacing C1 by propionate or by
      prolonged K withdrawal. It is suggested that adrenaline inhibits intestinal
      motility by uncoupling the control activity to response activity through
      suppression of the prepotentials. The adrenaline-induced hyperpolarization may be
      due to an increase in K permeability but not to stimulation of electrogenic Na
      pumping. The increase in K permeability may depend upon the presence of Cl ions.

PMID- 974874
TI  - The effects of certain drugs on the uptake and release of [3H]noradrenaline in
      rat whole brain homogenates.
AB  - Twelve drugs were studied with respect to their effects on inhbition of neuronal
      uptake of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) and on release of this amine from
      presynaptic nerve terminals. An in vitro method, using a crude synaptosomal
      homogenate prepared from rat whole brain, was employed. All drugs tested were
      found to produce some release of [3H]NA although tyramine was by far the most
      potent drug in this respect; tripelennamine and cocaine were observed to produce
      the least release. Studies of inhibition of NA uptake again demonstrated tyramine
      to be the most potent of the 12 drugs although in this case it did not differ
      significantly from cocaine and tripelennaine. The remaining compounds also showed
      decreased accumulation of [3H]NA and all 12 drugs produced uptake inhibition at a
      lower dose than that required for release of the amine. A correlation between
      releasing potency and lipophilicity of the compounds indicated that tyramine
      seemed to be acting in a different manner from the remaining compounds. A
      correlation between inhibitory potency and lipophilicity could be demonstrated
      for only six of the drugs, with tyramine, tripelennamine and cocaine showing the
      greatest deviation from this relationship.

PMID- 974875
TI  - Lack of effect of alcohol on small intestinal binding of the vitamin B12 -
      intrinsic factor complex.
AB  - Absorption of 57Co-labelled vitamin B12 - intrinsic factor (IF) complex and its
      binding to mucosal precipitate and brush border fractions of rat small intestine
      was studied in rats pair-fed with a liquid diet containing ethanol 5 g/100 ml,
      35% of calories, or isocalorically substituted sucrose. IF was obtained from rats
      fasted for 18 h. and for each experiment the amount of vitamin B12 added was the
      minimum required to achieve maximum binding to IF. Rats fed alcohol exhibited
      hepatic steatosis, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and disordered
      mitochondria after 6 weeks on the diet, and absorption of vitamin B12, fed with
      IF by stomach tube, was reduced signficantly. In contrast, binding of 57Co
      labelled vitamin B12 -IF complex to mucosal precipitate and brush border
      fractions was never less than that of fractions from control rats at 4, 8 and 12
      weeks on the alcohol diet. Furthermore, binding to the brush border was
      significantly greater in alcohol-fed rats at 12 weeks whether expressed per unit
      of beta-naphthylamidase (EC 3.4.1.1) activity or per milligram of protein. Total
      mucosal sucrase (EC 5.2.1.26) and beta-naphthylamidase were unchanged or slightly
      increased (beta-naphthylamidase at 12 weeks) on the alcohol-containing diet
      indicating that total brush border membrane was not reduced. Total brush border
      binding activity was the same in alcohol-fed and control rats at each time
      period. These results indicate that malabsorption of vitamin B12 in rats fed
      alcohol cannot be due to decreased binding of the vitamin B12 - IF complex by
      brush border membrane receptors, or secondary to a net decrease in membrane
      receptors.

PMID- 974876
TI  - Release of red cells from the slowly-exchanging splenic pool after noradrenaline
      administration.
AB  - Isolated, denervated, cat spleens were perfused at constant flow with modified
      Ringer solution. Perfusion, pressure, outflow rate, and outflow red cell
      concentration were measured against time. After splenic perfusion by 500 ml
      solution the cell washout curve became a single exponential function, indicating
      that only cells from the most slowly exchanging red cell compartment remained
      (these are immature and abnormal cells which adhere to the fine structures of the
      red pulp). Splenic contraction was induced by injection of 5 mug noradrenaline
      into the inflow after perfusion by 600 and 1000 ml of fluid, respectively;
      outflow cell concentration rose 17-fold before returning to baseline value and
      32% of red cells in the spleen were expelled. The time course of changes in cell
      concentration was similar in shape but delayed with respect to that of outflow
      rate. The transit time of the cells from the site of release to the splenic vein
      must have exceeded 40 s, which is consistent only with release from the red pulp.
      Furthermore, at the peak of the cell concentration curve the mean reticulocyte
      count was 37.8%. Thus immature and abnormal red cells, which comprise the slowly
      exchanging compartment, are indeed released from the spleen during contraction.

PMID- 974877
TI  - Action potential fatigue in nonmyelinated nerve fibers: garfish olfactory and
      rabbit vagus nerve.
AB  - A decrease in amplitude and conduction speed in the compound action potential is
      observed with time in gar olfactory and rabbit vagus nerve when it is stimulated
      between 4 and 15 Hz at 26 degrees C in vitro. The amplitude decays exponentially
      for 1-3 min before reaching a steady state. Recs 15 s for gar olfactory nerve and
      50 s for rabbit vagus nerve. The steady state values are 14% and 36% of the
      original amplitude, respectively, and conduction speeds are reduced by 25 % in
      both nerves. The effect results from completion between ion flow during the
      action potential and active transport. The accumulation of K+ions and depletion
      of Na+ ions in the restricted extracellular space contributes to the amplitude
      fatigue while the depletion of Na+ ions alone causes the decrease in conduction
      speed. Ouabain increases the fatigue rate in both preparations, but more so for
      gar. The fatigue and recovery measurements may provide a useful method to
      investigate active pumping, including both the total pumping rate and the
      electrogenic component.

PMID- 974878
TI  - Effects of viloxazine, an antidepressant agent, on biogenic amine uptake
      mechanisms and related activities.
AB  - The effects of viloxazine, a clinically effective antidepressant, on
      noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake and various related
      pharmacological activities were determined and compared to those of the tricyclic
      antidepressants desimipramine, imipramine, and amitriptyline. Viloxazine
      inhibitied [3H]NA uptake in the mouse and rat heart, being maximally about one
      half as potent as imipramine with a similar onset, but shorter duration of action
      than imipramine. The drug did not inhibit [3H]NA uptake in rat medulla or
      hypothalamus in contrast to desimipramine and imipramine, but it did alter [3H]NA
      metabolites in a similar manner. Viloxazine, like desimipramine, was a weak
      blocker of mouse brain 5-HT uptake, but differed from desimipramine as it
      poteniated 5-HT-mediated functions in the mouse and rat, as did imipramine and
      amitriptyline, the latter drugs being relatively potent blockers of 5-HT uptake.
      Viloxazine potentiated the L-DOPA behavioural syndrome in the mouse, antagonized
      reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia in the mouse, and inhibited gastric acid
      secretion in the rat, but was less potent than the tricyclic antidepressants. No
      appreciable in vivo inhibition of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4.) activity in the
      mouse was exhibited. Like imipramine, the drug potentiated the ocular effects of
      L-adrenaline in the rabbit. It was similar to imipramine in potency in
      potentiating the apomorphine-induced gnawing in the mouse. The drug antagonized
      oxotremorine-induced hypothermia in the mouse but differed from the tricyclic
      antidepressants in not exhibiting the anticholinergic effects of blocking the
      tremors, salivation and lacrimation. Thus, viloxazine exhibits activities related
      to the biogenic amines both similar to and different from the tricyclics
      desimipramine, imipramine, and amitriptyline. These actions appear to be of
      relevance with respect to the antidepressant action of this drug.

PMID- 974879
TI  - The effect of taurine on calcium exchange of sarcoplasmic reticulum of guinea pig
      heart studied by means of dialysis kinetics.
AB  - Calcium binding and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles of guinea pig
      heart were studied by means of a dialysis apparatus and analyzed with a model of
      three closed compartments. The rate constants of calcium binding were increased
      by taurine, and this effect was dose-related, whereas calcium efflux rate
      constants were very near to 0 in control experiments and were not effected by
      taurine. Taurine therefore increased the calcium content of sarcoplasmic vesicles
      and decreased the calcium concentration of the medium. beta-Alanine had no action
      on calcium fluxes.

PMID- 974880
TI  - A dual mechanism for the anticonvulsant action of aminooxyacetic acid.
AB  - The intramuscular injection of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) into mice elevated the
      concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, inhibited glutamic
      acid decarboxylase activity and delayed the onset of isonicotinic acid hydrazide
      induced seizures. Analyses of these results and of those obtained previously by
      the authors and other workers indicated that the anticonvulsant action of AOAA
      involved two mechanisms. One, involving GABA metabolism, was most effective 6 h
      after AOAA administration, and the other, not involving GABA, was maximally
      effective 1.5 h after AOAA injection and was completely absent after 6 h.
      Depending on the convulsant agent under study, the mechanism of the
      anticonvulsant action of AOAA was purely of the GABA type, purely of the non-GABA
      type or a combination of both types.

PMID- 974881
TI  - Toxicity testing in vitro. I. The effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and
      aflatoxin B1 on the growth of cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - The acute toxicity of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) and aflatoxin B1
      to two strains of cultured human fibroblasts has been studied. delta 9-THC had no
      effect on cell plating efficiency or on the growth of mass cultures at doses of 1
      mug/ml (3.18 muM) or less; at 10 mug/ml plating efficiency was reduced by
      approximately half and at 20 mug/ml colony formation was zero. Aflatoxin B1
      reduced plating efficiency at dose levels of 0.1 mug/ml (0.32 muM) and above; in
      mass clultures it retarded growth at 1 mug/ml and produced complete inhibition at
      5 mug/ml. The potential usefulness of cultured human fibroblasts in toxicity
      testing is discussed and the importance of using normal diploid cells rather than
      aneuploid permanent lines is emphasized. The limitations of cell cultures in
      assessing toxicity, and possible solutions to these are considered.

PMID- 974882
TI  - Toxicity testing in vitro. II. Use of a microsome - cultured human fibroblast
      system to study the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP), has been studied using a human fibroblast
      cell culture system. A method is described in which CP is incubated with liver
      microsomes and appropriate co-factors before addition to the cells. This permits
      activation of the CP to its cytotoxic metabolite but avoids the necessity of
      adding microsomes directly to the cell culture. It was demonstrated that under
      these conditions CP was irreversibly toxic to the cells within hours at dose
      levels larger than or equal to 0.3 mg/ml. In the absence of microsomal activation
      it was toxic at similar dose levels but the toxic effects required several days
      to develop.

PMID- 974883
TI  - Characterization of natriuretic activity from posterior pituitary lobes.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated the existence of natriuretic factors of hormonal
      nature with the posterior pituitary gland as a possible site of origin. It was in
      this light that a series of experiments was designed to examine the posterior
      pituitary for such factors. Acetic acid extracts of porcine and bovine posterior
      pituitary lobe tissue were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Several
      fractions in the molecular size range of 1000 were obtained which possessed
      potent natriuretic activity as assayed in rats. The activity of these fractions
      maximally increased sodium excretion to 6-8 muequiv./min, a 10- to 40-fold
      increase above control, when administered intraperitoneally to hydropenic,
      conscious rats. However, oxytocin and vasopressin, present in the posterior
      pituitary are natriuretic. These hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay, and
      invariably only those fractions which contained vasopressin and (or) oxytocin
      possessed natriuretic activity. Moreover, the extent of the natriuresis could be
      accounted for by the vasopressin and (or) oxytocin content of the test fractions.
      The natriuretic property of this material was abolished by treatment with
      thioglycollate. Further purification of natriuretic fractions by ion exchange
      resins, thin-layer chromatography and isoelectric focusing failed to resolve
      natriuretic activity from vasopressin and oxytocin. Similar results were observed
      following analysis of fractions isolated by gel filtration of acetic acid
      extracts of ventral hypothalamus tissue. The natriuretic fractions isolated from
      hypothalamic tissue were indistinguishable from oxytocin and vasopressin. These
      experiments suggest that the natriuretic activity in neurohypophyseal extracts
      can be attributed to oxytocin and vasopressin.

PMID- 974884
TI  - Nonparticipation of adrenergic mechanism in potassium-induced relaxation of
      taenia from guinea pig caecum.
AB  - In the isolated taenia caeci of guinea pigs excess potassium (10-30 mM) induced a
      phasic relaxation followed by a contraction. This phasic relaxation was
      unaffected by treatment with  hexamethonium, phentolamine, propranolol and
      bretylium. However, relaxation induced by perivascular nerve stimulation was
      inhibited by all these agents but not by hexamethonium. Tetrodotoxin inhibited
      both forms of relaxation. Potassium-induced relaxation was not accompanied by
      [3H]noradrenaline release. Perivascular nerve stimulation caused release of
      [3H]noradrenaline and this was blocked by bretylium. Treatment with ouabain or
      replacement of NaCl by LiCl, but not treatment by cold storage, inhibited the
      potassium-induced relaxation. These results suggest that the potassium-induced
      relaxation of taenia caeci was due to electrogenic sodium pumping and was
      independent of the adrenergic innervation of the tissue.

PMID- 974885
TI  - The thyroidal response to chronic goitrogenic stimulation and the persistence of
      effects of early goitrogenic stimulation.
AB  - The effects of overstimulation of the thyroid gland induced by the feeding or
      rapeseed meal or thiouracil during the growing period persisted for as long as 75
      weeks after withdrawal of the source of goitrogen from the diet. Thyroid weight,
      thyroid iodine content and radioiodine uptake were all increased in birds which
      had received goitrogen during the growing period. Follicle diameter was greater
      and the height of epithelial cells was lower than in control birds. The thyroid
      changes in these birds were deduced to be compensatory because production
      characteristics were normal and distribution of a dose of radioiodine into
      thyronines (T3 + T4) was similar in the birds which had received goitrogen during
      the growing period and in the control birds. Birds which were being fed rapeseed
      meal at the time the thyroid gland were examined showed effects which varied in
      magnitude according to the length of time over which rapeseed meal had been fed.
      Thyroid weight, follicle diameter, amount of epithelial tissue present and the
      total amount of iodine in the thyroid glands increased, whereas coupling
      efficiency (radioiodine-labelled T3 + T4)/(monoiodotyrosine/diiodotyrosine)
      declined with time.

PMID- 974886
TI  - Pituitary response to auditory stress: effect of treatment with alpha-methyl-p
      tyrosine. Usefulness of a factorial mixed design for statistical analysis.
AB  - Eight adult male rats were chronically cannulated in the jugular vein and placed
      individually in a sound-attenuated cubicle. Four of the animals were also
      implanted with a permanent cannula in the right lateral ventricle of the brain.
      Each animal was submitted twice to auditory stress at a 24-h interval. Before
      each stress, the rats were pretreated with either saline or alpha-methyl-p
      tyrosine (alpha-MT), the order of administration of the drug and its vehicle
      being alternated in the eight rats. The injections were made either intravenously
      or intraventricularly. Auditory stress significantly depressed plasma growth
      hormone (GH) levels irrespective of the type of pretreatment. Mean plasma GH
      levels were significantly lower after alpha-MT pretreatment. alpha-MT pretreated
      animals had higher mean plasma corticosterone (B) levels which remained unchanged
      during stress. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were not modified
      by stress nor by alpha-MT pretreatment. The intraventricular administration of
      alpha-MT at a dose (20 mg/kg) which is ineffective by a systemic route produced
      the same effects on GH and B levels as the intravenous injection (250 mg/kg).
      These data seem to indicate that auditory stress exerts its inhibitory effect on
      GH secretion through a noncatecholaminergic pathway. They show, on the other
      hand, the existence of a central catecholaminergic tonus, stimulatory for GH and
      inhibitory for B. Statistical analysis was based on a factorial mixed design for
      repeated measurements after logarithmic transformation of the data. The purpose,
      advantages and limits of this procedure are presented and discussed.

PMID- 974887
TI  - The effects of oral diazepam pretreatment on the biliary excretion of
      sulfobromophthalein in rats.
AB  - Studies were performed with rats to examine the effects of single, as well as
      repetitive oral diazepam (DZP) pretreatment on biliary sulfobromophthalein (BSP)
      excretion rates and on bile flow parameters. One-hour pretreatment of male rats
      with 150 mg/kg of DZP resulted in about a one-third reduction in the peak biliary
      excretion rate of BSP (60 mg/kg, iv) and this was associated with a decrease in
      relative proportions of conjugated BSP in bile. The biliary excretion of
      preconjugated BSP was unaffected. BSP hepatic uptake and storage were apparently
      unaffected. In vitro DZP markedly inhibited BSP conjugating activity. In contrast
      to the above results, when BSP excretion was examined 1 h after the last of five
      daily oral doses of DZP (150 mg kg-1 day-1), no change in the peak elimination
      rate of this dye was evident. However, bile flow rates were higher in DZP-treated
      rats than in controls. When rats were examined 24 h after the last of five daily
      oral doses of DZP (150 mg/kg), the choleretic response persisted. Further studies
      showed that the repetitive DZP pretreatment enhanced the bile salt-independent
      mechanisms of bile formation.

PMID- 974888
TI  - Inotropic and chronotropic responses of the in vivo denervated dog myocardium to
      dobutamine.
AB  - The inotropic and chronotropic responses to dobutamine (DBA) and isoprenaline
      (5ISO) were examined in eight chloralose anaesthetised dogs. Following acute
      cardiac denervation, heart rate (HR) and contractility (dP/dtmax), measured at a
      fixed paced atrial rate, were recorded during intravenous infusion of incremental
      doses of DBA and ISO. Both DBA and ISO elicited increases in HR and dP/dtmax. The
      increases in dP/dtmax for a one beat per minute increase in HR was 102.0 +/- 10.6
      mm Hg/s (1 mm Hg (0 degree C) = 133.322 Pa), during DBA infusion, and 61.5 +/-
      8.4 mm Hg/s during ISO infusion. It appeared that the relatively greater
      inotropic effect of DBA in comparison with ISO was the result of an augmentation
      of its inotropic activity. DBA infusion was accompanied by a significant increase
      in mean aortic pressure at all doses examined. An increase in afterload may
      account for part of the increased inotropic responses to DBA.

PMID- 974889
TI  - Interaction of propranolol and phentolamine with ethanol in the rat.
AB  - The possible role of the adrenergic nervous system in the intoxicant effects of
      ethanol was examined in studies of the interaction or propranolol and
      phentolamine with ethanol. Propranolol teneded to increase the effect of lower
      doses of ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of higher doses
      of ethanol (over 2.0 g/kg) tended to be diminished by low doses of propranolol,
      whereas higher doses of propranolol were ineffective or actually increased the
      ethanol effect. Phentolamine tended to decrease the effect of the lower ethanol
      doses. These findings are inconsistent with any simple adrenergic mechanism in
      the mediation of the intoxicant effect of ethanol.

PMID- 974890
TI  - The relaxant effect of adenosine-5'-alpha, beta-methylenediphosphonate on the
      longitudinal smooth muscle of the rabbit ileum.
AB  - The response pattern of the isolated longitudinal muscle of the rabbit ileum to
      adenosine-5'-alpha, beta-methylenediphosphonate (APCP) was found to differ from
      that caused by adenosine or ATP in that the rapid initial phase of relaxation is
      absent and that at doses above 10 muM a secondary increase of contractile
      activity occurs in the continued presence of the nucleotide. This secondary phase
      was attenuated after indomethacin pretreatment and reestablishement of tone with
      acetylcholine. Theophylline did not modify APCP-induced relaxations while
      effectively antagonizing those caused by adenosine. It appears that APCP acts via
      a receptor site or pathway distinct from that of adenosine or ATP.

PMID- 974891
TI  - Differing estrogenic activities for the enantiomers of o, p'-DDT in immature
      female rats.
AB  - Female rats (20-21 days) were given single intraperitoneal injections of (+/-)
      o,p'-DDT, (--)-o,p'-DDT, or (+)-o,p'-DDT. At 18 h their uteri were excised and
      the estrogen sensitive parameters, uterine wet weight, and uterine glycogen
      content were measured. For o,p'-DDT, the levo enantiomer is the more active
      estrogen in immature female rats. Optical resolutions of other racemic
      environmental xenobiotics may be important in the evaluation of their biological
      effects.

PMID- 974892
TI  - [The illusion of movement in flickering light: the effect of the frequency of
      flicker and the intensity of the light].

PMID- 974893
TI  - Monitoring the information-processing demands of attention switching.

PMID- 974894
TI  - Image generation in picture recognition.

PMID- 974896
TI  - Probability learning on incidentally observed dimensions: a response bias effect.

PMID- 974895
TI  - [Distance perception affected by retention of the stimuli in short-term memory].

PMID- 974897
TI  - The "callus-thenics" of touching.

PMID- 974898
TI  - Approaches to picture perception: perceptual experience and ecological optics.

PMID- 974899
TI  - Perceived auditory continuity with alternately rising and falling frequency
      transitions.

PMID- 974900
TI  - Extracellular nuclease produced by a marine bacterium. I. Extracellular
      deoxyribonuclease formation by a marine Vibrio sp.
AB  - Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity was found in the culture fluids of numerous
      marine bacteria isolated from seawater. Among these ogranisms, marine bacterium,
      Vibrio sp., strain No. 2, showed the highest deoxyribonucleic acid-hydrolyzing
      activity. This organism requires salts of seawater for both growth and
      extracellular DNase formation. The DNase activity could not be detected in the
      synthetic seawater culture liquid lacking magnesium ion, and DNase activity
      decreased in a calcium-deficient medium. The optimum temperature for the growth
      of this organism was between 15 and 25 degrees C. The formation of extracellular
      DNase was the greatest at 20 degrees C and less activity was found at 10 and 30
      degrees C.

PMID- 974901
TI  - Macrophage function and host resistance against infection with Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - The role of macrophages on the course of an infection with Toxoplasma gondii has
      been examined. Stimulation of macrophage function by killed Bordetella pertussis
      cells did not show any beneficial effect as an increased susceptibility became
      apparent. The functional blockade of macrophages by dextran sulfate or carbon
      particles did not result in a higher susceptibility of mice to the lethal primary
      infection with T. gondii. Thus in vivo macrophages apparently do not play an
      essential role as effector cells as they do in infections with other obligate
      intracellular infective organisms such as Listeria monocytogenes. The spleen is
      apparently of crucial importance for resistance against T. gondii infection,
      since death occurred earlier in splenectomized mice than in control animals.

PMID- 974902
TI  - Isolation and characterization of nocardia-like variants of Mycobacterium
      smegmatis.
AB  - Orange-red-pigmented (OR) colonies were isolated from cream-yellow-pigmented
      Mycobacterium smegmatis after exposure to either mycobacteriophage MC4 or
      ultraviolet light; these variant strains were designated OR4 and ORuv,
      respectively. Early subculture of OR-colonies did not show any segregation of
      parental-type cells. However, colonies resembling the parental strains, possibly
      representing a back mutant (REV-OR4), were occasionally found during subculture
      of established OR-colonies or upon treatment with N-nitrose-N'-nitro-N
      methylguanidine. The OR-variants were characterized by their lytic response to
      nocardiophage, but not to mycobacteriophages, presence of alpha-branched, beta
      hydroxylated fatty acids of the Nocardia-type, and a guanine plus cytosine value
      of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) between 62 and 64 mol%. They were more resistant
      to the lethal action of both ultraviolet light and mitomycin C treatment than the
      parental and back mutant strains. Although the OR-variants in this study possess
      characteristics common to the genus Nocardia or some of the 'rhodochrous'
      mycobacteria, evidence is presented that they form a new class of mycobacterial
      variants.

PMID- 974903
TI  - The effects of glucosamine derivatives on the growth of cultivable Treponema.
AB  - The effects of glucosamine and its derivatives on the growth of Treponema
      phagedenis biotypes reiter and kazan 5 were studied to determine if these agents
      could act as growth stimulants for organisms of the genus Treptonema. Growth
      studies on the cultivable treponemes were conducted in culture tubes containing
      glucosamine, glucosamine derivatives, and (or) glucose and galactose in serum
      based media. Glucosamine and N-phenylacetylglucosamine were definitely inhibitory
      to growth at the concentrations studied. N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) produced mixed
      effects.

PMID- 974904
TI  - Investigations of nitrogenase activity in rheotrophic peat.
AB  - Acetylene reduction by the peat microflora was unaffected by light, but was
      sensitive to temperature, with an optimum of about 30 degrees C. The nitrogenase
      was inactivated by exposure to temperatures above about 35 degrees C. Activity
      occurred in completely anaerobic conditions; the rate of ethylene production was
      of the order of 0.5 nmol C2H4 ml-1 h-1. Experiments with time courses indicated
      that exposure to oxygen caused an initial inhibition of activity followed by a
      period in which ethylene production was stimulated to rates much higher than in
      the anaerobic tests; both the inhibition and stimulation appeared to be related
      to the level of oxygenation. It is suggested that these results could be
      explained by the existence of nitrogen-fixing associations of aerobic and
      anaerobic bacteria in the peat. The stimulation of activity caused by exposure to
      air indicates that care must be taken when interpreting results of the assay
      obtained from waterlogged organic soils.

PMID- 974905
TI  - Effect of magnesium and some nutrients on the growth and nuclease formation of a
      moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians var. halophilus.
AB  - Production of halophilic nuclease by a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians,
      ATCC 21971, was maximal at 2.5 to 3.5 M NaCl concentration in a complex medium
      (CM) composed of 1% casamino acids, 1% yeast extract, and NaCl. The addition of
      81 mM MgSO4 to CM inhibited nuclease production in spite of good growth.
      Microscopic observation showed that this inhibition was accompanied by complete
      clumping of the cells. The Sehgal and Gibbons complex medium (SGC) which
      contained 0.75% vitamin-free casamino acids, 1% yeast extract, and NaCl, however,
      supported good production of the nuclease in spite of the presence of 81 mM
      MgSO4. It seemed that both magnesium sulfate and some substances present in CM
      might be responsible for this inhibition and clumping. A synthetic medium optimal
      for enzyme production was developed consisting of 16 amino acids, 4 vitamins,
      0.73 mM KH2PO4, 2.7 mM KCl, 20 mM MgSO4, and 2.5 M NaCl. The organism required
      biotin as an essential growth factor, and thiamine, riboflavin, and choline as
      stimulating factors. Omission of isoleucine from the medium reduced markedly the
      growth rate. Glutamic acid, proline, and arginine were consumed completely during
      cultivation in the synthetic medium.

PMID- 974906
TI  - Adsorption of Pseudomonas pseudomallei cytophilic antibodies onto rabbit alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - Cytophilic antibody has been demonstrated in sera from rabbits immunized with
      Pseudomonas pseudomallei. This antibody passively adsorbed onto normal rabbit
      alveolar macrophages rendered the macrophages agglutinable by P. pseudomalei
      antigens and capable of displaying 'rosette' formation with polysaccharide
      sensitized erythrocytes.

PMID- 974907
TI  - Stability of mRNA from the Clostridium sporogenes phage F1.
AB  - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study the decay of individual
      species of mRNA in F1, a bacteriophage specific for the obligate anaerobie
      Clostridium sporogenes. Immediate early mRNA species had a half-life of 3.5 min,
      while delayed early and late mRNA had a half-life of between 6 and 8 min.

PMID- 974908
TI  - Physical characteristics of DNA from bacteriophages of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
AB  - DNA was extracted from isolates of bacteriophages grown on virulent and avirulent
      strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Molecular weights of DNA from phages
      isolated from the virulent A. tumefaciens (IIBV7) were about 41.5 X 10(6)
      daltons, while those from the avirulent A. tumefaciens (IIBNV6) were about 32.5 X
      10(6) daltons. The buoyant densities of the four DNA's ranged from 1.7086 to
      1.7089 g/cm3, values that were not significantly different. DNA-DNA hybridization
      studies also indicated that the four phages were closely related. Attempts to
      induce tumors with phage DNA were unsuccessful.

PMID- 974909
TI  - Antibacterial activity of marine violet-pigmented Alteromonas with special
      reference to the production of brominated compounds.
AB  - The synthesis of several types of antibiotics was investigated in four strains of
      violet-pigmented bacteria belonging to the species Alteromonas luteo-violaceus.
      Two of the strains simultaneously produce an antibiotic polyanionic
      polysaccharide, weakly bound to the cells and diffusing throughout the medium,
      and two intracellular brominated bactericidal substances. The third strain only
      synthesizes the polyanionic antibiotic. The fourth one is totally inactive. The
      macromolecular antibiotic, probably responsible for the autointoxication of the
      bacteria in their cultures, acts at the respiratory level; it induces an increase
      of oxygen uptake and the production of peroxides by test bacteria. Thus, its
      activity is inhibited by catalase and peroxidase.

PMID- 974910
TI  - Suitability of membrane-filter techniques to study the ultrastructure of Fusarium
      solani in soil.
AB  - The suitability of two types of membrane filters for scanning and transmission
      electron-microscopical examination of chlamydospores formed from macroconidia of
      Fusarium solani from soil was tested. An improved method to incubate propagules
      in soil and to collect them free from soil particles for electron-microscopical
      observations is described. Best results were obtained if macroconidia were
      incubated in soil between two Nucleopore membrane filters. Both chlamydospore
      morphology and lysis, however, were affected to some extent in comparison with
      that on single membranes. This is probably due to a selective effect on the
      microflora colonizing the chlamydospores.

PMID- 974911
TI  - Ultrastructure of forming and dormant chlamydospores of Fusarium solani in soil.
AB  - Chlamydospores of Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae, F. solani f. sp. phaseoli
      and F. solani f. sp. pisi formed in soil were recovered at intervals and examined
      by electron microscopy. Cell wall material outside the newly formed chlamydospore
      cell wall gradually disintegrated. Protoplasts of chlamydospore cells lyse
      without prior penetration of the cell wall by microorganisms. The mechanisms of
      lysis of chlamydospores of F. solani in soil are discussed.

PMID- 974912
TI  - The isolation of an infectious A protein--RNA complex from coliphage R17.
AB  - The coprecipitate of A protein and RNA which results from acetic acid treatment
      of bacteriophage R17 has been shown to form two bands after equilibrium density
      gradient centrifugation in Cs2SO4. The band of higher density, whose position
      coincides with that of phage RNA prepared by phenolisation possesses neither A
      protein nor infectivity while the band of lower density which contains both RNA
      and A protein is infectious for intact E. coli cells. The nature of the bonding
      between the A protein and the RNA was also investigated.

PMID- 974913
TI  - [Degradation of hydrocarbons in the presence of other organic substances by
      bacteria isolated from seawater].
AB  - Three bacterial strains, isolated on gas-oil from seawater, have a variously
      changed growth on hexadecane with supply of two organic substances. Acetate
      reduces growth of all tested strains and particularly the hexadecane degradation
      by Acinetobacter sp. On the contrary, trypticase-phytone promotes the degradation
      by the three strains.

PMID- 974914
TI  - Potash guar gum--a source of halophilic bacteria.
AB  - Moderate and extreme halophilic microorganisms have been isolated from guar gum
      solutions dissolved in potash brine for use in sylvite froth flotation. Tentative
      identifications have been made of vibrio, Halobacterium, and Halococcus species.
      Reinoculation of these isolates into guar gum solutions has shown that they are
      not carbohydrate-utilizing strains, but instead metabolize the contaminating
      proteins present in guar.

PMID- 974915
TI  - In situ morphologies of deep-sea and sediment bacteria.
AB  - Deep-sea and sediment bacteria at the bottom of an approximately 1200-m water
      column were sampled by means of pressure vessels attached to a remote underwater
      manipulator. Cells were immediately fixed in situ with glutaraldehyde, and after
      processing in the laboratory their morphologies were observed with the scanning
      electron microscope. Most bacteria were coccoid or rod-lide and less than 0.4 mum
      in diameter or width. Few filamentous bacteria were observed. Bacteria were in
      aggregates or free-living. It is concluded that morphologies of deep-sea bacteria
      collected and fixed at the hydrostatic pressure of their environment are, in
      general, similar to the observed morphologies of deep-sea bacteria determined at
      1 atm pressure after collection and decompression during ascent through the water
      column.

PMID- 974916
TI  - The occurrence of cell-associated enterotoxin B in Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Cell-associated enterotoxin B was detected in lysates of cells of Staphylococcus
      aureus S-6 and 4916 disrupted by sonication or lysostaphin treatment. As much as
      67% of this total cell-associated toxin was surface-bound, located outside the
      cytoplasmic membrane, and was released during protoplasting of this organism by
      lysostaphin treatment in hypertonic medium. The remainder of the cell-associated
      toxin was termed cytoplasmic and was released during osmotic lysis of the
      protoplasts. Levels of cell-associated toxin as a function of the age of the
      cells showed a rapid increase in both surface-bound, cytoplasmic, and total cell
      associated toxin levels during the period of active toxin synthesis (late
      exponential phase of growth). These cell-associated toxin levels then reached a
      peak as the culture entered stationary phase, at a time corresponding to a
      decrease in the rate of toxin synthesis, and decreased slowly thereafter.

PMID- 974917
TI  - Procedures for obtaining sectional views of fungal fructifications by scanning
      electron microscopy.
AB  - Procedures for sectioning fungal fructifications in host tissues or on artificial
      media are described, which allow observation of internal structures by scanning
      electron microscopy. Perithecia of Ceratocystis fimbriata and Phyllachora
      graminis, and telia of Puccinia xanthii showed excellent preservation of exposed
      structures in sections which were osmium-coated before being dried. While similar
      preservation was obtained in sectioned acervuli of Lecanosticta acicola and
      Marssonia juglandis and in pycnidia of Dothiorella ribis and Phomopsis occulta,
      the mucilaginous substances produced in these fructifications precluded
      observation of conidiophores. Extraction of mucilage from these sections was
      accomplished by periodic acid and dilute KOH treatments, followed by an osmium
      coating procedure. In such preparations, mucilage was removed, internal
      structures were preserved, and pertinent characteristics of conidiogenous cells
      were resolved.

PMID- 974918
TI  - Sparing effect of lithium ion on the specific requirement for sodium ion for
      growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
AB  - The role of NaCl in the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain A-55 was
      investigated. Maximal growth was obtained at 0.5 M NaCl in a synthetic medium.
      Na+ could not be replaced for growth by any other cations or substances. When the
      medium was kept isotonic with 0.5 M NaCl by the addition of sucrose, good growth
      was obtained with 0.1 M NaCl. By reducing the osmotic pressure and decreasing the
      NaCl concentration from 0.5 M to 0.1 M, the same growth yield was obtained as
      when using a medium containing 0.02 M NaCl and 0.08 M LiCl. This was not the case
      with sucrose. Therefore, it is concluded that ionic strength and osmotic pressure
      are important environmental factors affecting growth. The minimal essential
      requirement for Na+ for growth of V. parahaemolyticus was 0.003 M, because this
      was never replaced with any other cations and agents. Hence, requirement for Na+
      for growth involves a specific requirement for Na+, ionic strength, and osmotic
      pressure, respective concentrations being 0.003 M, 0.047 M, and 0.45 M. Osmotic
      support was required for growth when the concentration of NaCl was decreased to
      0.05 M. The effect of ionic strength of monovalent cations other than Na+ on
      growth was examined at 0.003 M NaCl. Among LiCl, NH4Cl, KCl, and RbCl, Li+ was
      the most accelerative for growth in the synthetic medium.

PMID- 974919
TI  - Bacteriorhodopsin formation in Halobacterium halobium.
AB  - Systematic examinations were made of factors influencing bacteriorhodopsin
      formation during the growth of Halobacterium halobium. Light-induced adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) production and [14C]proline uptake were used as measures of
      functional ability of the purple membrane. Maximum bacteriorhodopsin formation
      occurred under growth conditions of illumination and limited aeration. The purple
      membrane -ATP production system did not confer an appreciable growth advantage.
      Growth in the dark or with adequate aeration partially suppressed
      bacteriorhodopsin formation and the effects were additive. Nicotine effectively
      inhibited bacteriorhodopsin formation. A rapid synthesis of functional pigment
      occurred when washed suspensions of cells which had been grown under illumination
      with nicotine present were incubated under dark, aerobic conditions. The
      alleviation of this nicotine inhibition was not blocked by chloramphenicol or
      bacitracin. Bacteriorhodopsin formation was negligible when washed suspensions of
      cells from dark, limited aeration or light, adequate aeration cultures were
      incubated in the light with limited aeration. A nutritionally complex medium was
      needed to elicit appreciable bacteriorhodopsin formation by the cells from the
      dark or adequately aerated cultures. Bacitracin partially inhibited this
      bacteriorhodopsin formation by cells form the light, adequately aerated culture.

PMID- 974920
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid studies in the genus Caryophanon.
AB  - The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of 36 isolates of Caryophanon latum and 3
      isolates designated Caryophanon tenue, obtained from geographically diverse
      regions, has been examined for guanine plus cytosine (mol % G+C) base
      composition, genome size, and for relative reassociation levels. The isolates
      were found to be homogenous and group-specific in their base composition, with C.
      latum DNA ranging from 44.0 to 45.6 mol % G+C, and C. tenue from 41.2 to 41.6 mol
      % G+C. Genome size determined for representative isolates confirmed the
      distinction of the two groups. The genome size ranged from 1100 to 1200 X 10(6)
      daltons for C. latum and from 900 to 1000 X 10(6) daltons for C. tenue. DNA:DNA
      hybridization studies revealed relative reassociation levels as follows: C. latum
      to C. latum, 78-94%, C. tenue to C. tenue, 82-94%; and C. latum to C. tenue, 13
      30%. Finally, based on genome size and mol % G+C similarities, DNA:DNA
      hybridization experiments between two strains of Lactobacillus and C. latum and
      C. tenue were performed. These experiments revealed essentially no polynucleotide
      sequence similarity between the Lactobacillus and Caryophanon isolates used.

PMID- 974921
TI  - Respiration rates for determining the effects of urea on the soil-surface organic
      horizon of a black spruce stand.
AB  - The respiration rates of microflora of layers of soil-surface organic horizon of
      a black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stand have been studied
      manometrically under controlled conditions of moisture, temperature, and aeration
      in the presence of urea and other nitrogen and mineral amendments. L.F., and F2
      samples from field plots fertilized with 448 kg N/ha as urea in 1961 had still in
      1971 greater respiration rates than similar samples from unfertilized field
      plots. In lab tests, addition of urea (112, 280, and 448 kg N/ha or 875, 2187,
      and 3500 ppm N) stimulated the endogenous respiration of each layer. The
      stimulation was greater when 2187 ppm N was applied and when moisture and
      temperature of the layers were maintained at 60% water-holding capacity and 20
      degrees C during the 42-day incubation period. Addition of Mg, Ca, and K to urea
      fertilized layers increased respiration while P and S decreased it. Addition of
      NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 impaired the endogenous respiration. The endogenous
      respiration and moisture, temperature, and fertilizer effects decreased in the
      order L,F1, and F2 layers.

PMID- 974922
TI  - Bouyant density, conversion formulae, and the mole percent guanosine + cytosine
      content of Desulfovibrio sp.
AB  - A reevaluation of the original buoyant density conversion formula used to
      calculate the molar percentage guanosine + cytosine (% G + C) contents of the
      accepted species of genus Desulfovibrio has been undertaken. It would appear that
      the formula used gives values 4-5% lower than those obtained using formulae more
      generally cited in modern literature. Recalculations of % G + C content values
      for Lesulfovibrio DNA are presented using the formulae of three different
      workers, and are compared with those values originally used in the classification
      of genus Desulfovibrio.

PMID- 974924
TI  - Continuing education--what's it all about?

PMID- 974923
TI  - Hepatic cystic hydatidosis.

PMID- 974925
TI  - Water-soluble contrast radiculography of the lumbar region.
AB  - Water-soluble contrast radiculography has been used for many years. Earlier
      contrast media were highly irritant and subjects required preliminary spinal
      anesthesia but, recently, better-tolerated contrast media such as meglumine
      iocarmate (Dimer X) and metrizamide (Amipaque) have been used. The findings from
      300 examinations with meglumine iocarmate are presented. Methodology is
      discussed. The diagnostic accuracy of this contrast medium was high and side
      effects were minimal. Comment is made on the newest spinal contrast medium-
      metrizamide--and its use in 29 examinations in Canada.

PMID- 974926
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of pancreatic
      and biliary disease.
AB  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a new and valuable technique in
      the diagnosis of jaundice, pancreatic disease and obscure upper abdominal pain.
      Endoscopic sphincterotomy of the sphincter of Oddi and the extraction of stones
      from the common bile duct are an extension of this procedure already in use in
      several high-volume centres. Cannulation of the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts
      in tests of secretion and cytology will become increasingly common applications
      of the technique. In order to provide dependability and cost-effectiveness,
      specialists in this procedure must maintain a high volume, necessarily limiting
      it to a few practitioners. Use of a trained endoscopic technician, a radiologist
      trained in endoscopy, or an endoscopist trained in fluoroscopy and spot-filming
      may decrease the manpower costs of this procedure.

PMID- 974927
TI  - Acute pancreatitis occurring in heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gallbladder.
AB  - A 54-year-old man with acute upper abdominal pain was found to have pancreatic
      heterotopia in the wall of the gallbladder. The aberrant pancreatic tissue and
      the gallbladder wall were the sites of acute inflammation and of fat necrosis.
      Pancreatic heterotopia of the gallbladder is extremely rare; only 10 proven cases
      have been reported previously. The most common sites are the stomach, duodenum
      and jejunum.

PMID- 974928
TI  - Perforated peptic ulcer in pregnancy with survival of mother and child: case
      report and review of the literature.
AB  - Peptic ulcer in pregnancy and its complications, though rare, can be life
      threatening to mother and fetus. Perforated peptic ulcer in pregnancy is
      extremely rare; when this occurs survival of both mother and child is unusual.
      Only five cases of maternal survival following perforation of a peptic ulcer have
      previously been recorded and, of these, only three were associated with survival
      of both mother and infant. The authors report an additional case of perforated
      ulcer in pregnancy with survival of mother and infant, and review the relevant
      literature. Early surgical diagnosis and treatment followed by vaginal delivery
      of the fetus offers the best hope for survival of mother and child.

PMID- 974929
TI  - Effects of hypophysectomy and ovine prolactin on the epithelial mucus-secreting
      cells of the Pacific staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus (Teleostei: Cottidae).

PMID- 974930
TI  - Hormonal regulation of reproduction and the antler cycle in the male Columbian
      black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Part I. Seasonal changes in
      the histology of the reproductive organs, serum testosterone, sperm production,
      and the antler cycle.

PMID- 974931
TI  - Hormonal regulation of reproduction and the antler cycle in the male Columbian
      black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Part II. The effects of
      methallibure and hormone treatment.

PMID- 974932
TI  - Laboratory studies on the larval biology of Simulium venustum Say (Diptera:
      Simuliidae).

PMID- 974933
TI  - Population dynamics of lice (Mallophaga) on auks (Alcidae) from Newfoundland.

PMID- 974934
TI  - Immediate response of the hemoglobin system of the goldfish, Carassius auratus,
      to temperature change.

PMID- 974935
TI  - A contribution to the genus Diorchis Clerc (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae): a
      redescription of Diorchis americana Ransom, 1909 from Fulica americana (Gm.).

PMID- 974936
TI  - External morphology of sensilla on the legs of selected black fly species
      (Diptera: Simuliidae).

PMID- 974937
TI  - The role of estrogen and progesterone in the regulation of reproductive behaviour
      in female ring doves(Streptopelia risoria) under long vs. short photoperiods.

PMID- 974938
TI  - A light and electron microscopic study of the structure of the nucleus preopticus
      and nucleus lateral tuberis of the goldfish, Carassius auratus.

PMID- 974939
TI  - Description of Megalophalloides apanhorayi gen. et sp. n. (Trematoda:
      Microphallidae) from mice and freshwater crabs of Peru.

PMID- 974940
TI  - The regulation of day--night changes in hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
      activity in the pineal gland of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri).

PMID- 974942
TI  - The onset and duration of fertility in the American kestrel.

PMID- 974941
TI  - The genus Ceratomyxa (Protozoa: Myxosporida) in macrourid fishes.

PMID- 974943
TI  - Endometrial cancer: the present status of diagnosis.

PMID- 974944
TI  - The doctor-patient relationship: implications for undergraduate education.

PMID- 974945
TI  - Measurement of blood pressure.

PMID- 974946
TI  - Gonococcal conjunctivitis: accidental infection.

PMID- 974947
TI  - Cysticercosis.

PMID- 974948
TI  - Immunologic response in vitro after thymechtomy in patients with myasthenia
      gravis.
AB  - Thymectomy in adult animals impairs immune functions such as lymphocyte response
      to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and to allogeneic cells. The responses of lymphocytes
      from 18 myasthenia gravis patients, 12 of whom had undergone thymectomy, were
      studied; the interval between thymectomy and investigation ranged from 1 month to
      26 years (mean, 9.5 years). Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in
      autochthonous plasma or homologous AB serum. In vitro responses to stimulation
      with PHA, concanavalin A and allogeneic monomuclear cells were within the 95%
      range of normal responses in all patients. Because our findings contrast with the
      definite immune defects resulting from thymectomy found in adult animals, longer
      follow-up is needed.

PMID- 974949
TI  - Hyperactives as young adults: preliminary report.
AB  - Thirty-five individuals aged 17 to 24 in whom severe chronic hyperactivity had
      been diagnosed 10 years before were studied together with 25 matched controls.
      There were no significant differences in mean height or weight or in
      electroencephalographic findings, but the mean pulse rate was significantly
      higher in the hyperactive group. Cognitive style tests indicated continued
      difficulty in reflection (resulting in more errors) but less impulsivity (longer
      reaction time) in the hyperactive individuals. Compared with controls,
      hyperactive subjects were continuing to have more scholastic difficulty, although
      this difference seemed to be less pronounced than 5 years before. Their
      adjustment in work situations and living arrangements did not differ
      significantly from that of the controls. Restlessness, both reported and
      observed, continued to be a problem for the hyperactive individuals, and
      socialization skills and sense of well-being continued to be poorer than in the
      controls. The hyperactive individuals did not show significantly more antisocial
      behaviour, nonmedical use of drugs or serious psychiatric disturbances.

PMID- 974950
TI  - Stabilometry as a diagnostic tool in clinical medicine.
AB  - Stabilomety, a method of measuring stability of stance or postural equilibrium in
      man, consists of transforming the mechanical oscillations of man's "physiologic
      gravicentre" into electric signals, then amplifying, recording and analysing the
      signals. The frequency, duration and mean and maximum amplitudes of oscillations,
      and coefficients reflecting the influence of vision, differ in patients with
      various neurologic diseases and from values in healthy subjects. The method is
      highly sensitive and accurate, simple and rapid to use, lacks danger and
      discomfort and permits screening of a large number of people in a short time.

PMID- 974951
TI  - Management of the patient requiring leg amputation for peripheral vascular
      disease.
AB  - Most leg amputations are performed because of the effects of peripheral vascular
      disease. Only 50% of such amputations were performed below the knee in Ontario in
      1972, although the knee joint should be preserved in most patients. Careful
      preoperative evaluation is essential. Postoperative problems include gas gangrene
      for which prophylactic measures are recommended; failure of the stump to heal,
      which necessitates early revision of the stump; and defects in stump contour,
      which necessitate late revision. An enthusiastic team approach to rehabilitation
      is necessary to overcome the physical and mental problems that result from
      amputation of a leg.

PMID- 974952
TI  - Mobile hearing program in central rural Manitoba.
AB  - A mobile hearing program was developed to detect and alleviate deafness and
      rehabilitate deaf individuals in rural Manitoba. The first project was
      established in central Manitoba in December 1973 for children, whose school
      performance can be affected by minimal hearing loss. Volunteers from the
      community, trained by an audiologist, conduct screening procedures, and children
      with possible hearing impairment receive audiologic and otolaryngologic
      assessment. Close clinical liaison between audiologist and otologist is
      important.

PMID- 974953
TI  - Marfan syndrome with coronary artery lesions in a North American Indian.
AB  - Marfan syndrome has not been well documented in North American Indians. A 19-year
      old Ojibwa man had evidence of this syndrome -- specifically, tall stature, long,
      thin extremities (particularly, fingers and toes), increased urinary excretion of
      hydroxyproline, aortic aneurysm, aortic regurgitation and pathologic evidence of
      aortic rupture and alastic tissue fragmentation. Intimal hyperplasia was present
      in the extramural coronary arteries, while the intramural arteries, usually
      thought to be involved, were normal.

PMID- 974955
TI  - Don't bleed on my carpet.

PMID- 974954
TI  - Newfoundland's salaried system for rural areas of benefit to most cottage
      hospital physicians.

PMID- 974956
TI  - Health education of the public: how, by whom and will it work?

PMID- 974957
TI  - Prolactin and human reproduction.

PMID- 974958
TI  - [Integration of prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases into medical practice].

PMID- 974959
TI  - Scientific and medical journals: obsolete or overgrown.

PMID- 974960
TI  - The stress concept.

PMID- 974961
TI  - Designing doctor shows restraint.

PMID- 974962
TI  - Cervical cancer screening programs.

PMID- 974963
TI  - P-wave abnormalities in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 974964
TI  - Carrier detection and genetic counselling in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a
      follow-up study.
AB  - Assay of serum creatine kinase activity is useful in the detection of carriers of
      the X-linked gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). For genetic counselling
      this assay has been used in conjunction with pedigree analysis to improve
      estimates of the risk that a female relative of a DMD patient is a carrier. To
      measure the impact of the program, follow-up information was obtained from women
      who had received genetic counselling for DMD. Their responses showed that the
      risk of producing an affected son had been a major factor in their attitude
      toward family planning, and their reproductive performance correlated inversely
      with their genetic risk. The decision by the majority of proven carriers to
      prevent the birth of further male offspring was reflected in a recent decline in
      the frequency of a known family history of DMD among newly ascertained cases.

PMID- 974965
TI  - Lithium iodide cardiac pacemakers: initial clinical experience.
AB  - A new long-life cardiac pacemaker pulse generator powered by a lithium iodide
      fuel cell was introduced in Canada in 1973. The compact, hermetically sealed unit
      is easily implanted and reliable, has excellent patient acceptance and has an
      anticipated battery life of almost 14 years. Among 105 patients who received a
      lithium iodide pacemaker, complications occurred in 18. The lithium iodide
      pacemaker represents a significant advance in pacemaker generator technology and
      is recommended for long-term cardiac pacing; the manufacturer guarantees the
      pulse generator for 6 years.

PMID- 974966
TI  - Pellagra.
AB  - Pellagra due to malnutrition occurred in an Ottawa women in 1973. She was given a
      normal diet with supplements of riboflavin, thiamine, niacin and ascorbic acid.
      The clinical response was striking. Although pellagra is still common in some
      parts of the world, it is now rare in North America. The disease may occur
      secondary to malnutrition or malabsorption; inborn errors of metabolism or
      transport, as in Hartnup disease; deviation of precursors of niacin, as in
      carcinoid syndrome; or competitive inhibition of niacin incorporation into
      nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, as with administration of isoniazid.

PMID- 974967
TI  - Familial aggregation of blood pressure in 558 adopted children.
AB  - Blood pressure was measured in each member of 398 French-Canadian families with
      at least one adopted child of the same ethnic origin. Measurements were made at
      home by a nurse, usually with the subject seated. One comparison per family
      between parents and randomly chosen index children was made, using age- and sex
      adjusted scores. The correlation in blood pressure scores between parents and
      natural children was highly significant (P less than 0.001), at 10.2% for
      systolic and 13.7% for diastolic in 140 homes with at least one natural child,
      but the correlation between parents and adopted children was nonsignificant, at
      0.81% and 1.0%, in 398 homes with at least one adopted child. The correlation
      between pairs of natural children was significant (P less than 0.05), at 7.84%
      for systolic and 8.41% for diastolic, in 80 homes with more than one natural
      child but nonsignificant, at 0.49% and 1.69%, respectively, for pairs of adopted
      children in 138 families with more than one adopted child. It is concluded that
      heredity explains most of the familial resemblance of blood pressure in children.

PMID- 974968
TI  - The Nutrition Canada Survey: a review. Statement by the Nutrition Committee of
      the Canadian Paediatric Society.
AB  - The data obtained through the Nutrition Canada national nutrition survey must be
      interpreted cautiously because of limitations in both the design of the survey
      and our present knowledge of the implications of the findings. The data suggest
      that, at present, nutritional status is suboptimal among members of the general
      population. However, because there is no evidence of clinically apparent
      malnutrition it is difficult to judge the immediate health significance of this
      finding. Among the Inuit, however, the data suggest that intake of vitamin C may
      be sufficiently low to approach the level causing clinical problems. Government
      should make funds available to permit analysis of the data to be completed and
      investigative studies to be undertaken to assess the health significance of the
      findings.

PMID- 974969
TI  - Mebendazole in the treatment of helminthiasis.
AB  - Mebendazole, a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic, was used to treat patients with
      nematode infections--ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm. The dosage for adults
      was 100 mg twice daily for 3 days and for children, 50 mg twice daily for 3 days.
      Pretreatment and post-treatment egg counts on stool specimens showed that after
      mebendazole there was a reduction of over 99% in egg count per gram of stool in
      all three types of infection. The overall cure rates for the infections were as
      follows: Ascaris lumbricoides, 86.8% (59/68); Trichuris trichiura, 86.0% (37/43);
      and hookworm, 85.7% (24/28). The drug was equally effective in light and heavy
      infections. No important side effect was noted with this drug. It is suggested
      that mebendazole is the drug of choice for trichuriasis and mixed nematode
      infection.

PMID- 974970
TI  - Physician manpower study confluences with national review of demographic policy.

PMID- 974972
TI  - Psychiatrists and medical education.

PMID- 974971
TI  - J.J. Robinette advises new combines legislation unlikely to render dollar fee
      schedule illegal.

PMID- 974973
TI  - Psychiatrists and children.

PMID- 974974
TI  - [Psychiatrists and prisoners].

PMID- 974975
TI  - Migration outward: Canada trains doctors to care for the health of Americans.

PMID- 974976
TI  - Migration inward: Ireland trains doctors to care for the health of Canadians.

PMID- 974977
TI  - Musings on the movies: the popular art of our century.

PMID- 974978
TI  - Actinobacillus suis infections in Alberta swine, 1973--75: pathology and
      bacteriology.

PMID- 974979
TI  - [Anthrax in dairy cattle in Quebec].

PMID- 974980
TI  - Haemobartonellosis in a dog in association with Coombs' positive anemia.

PMID- 974981
TI  - Evaluation of viability of neonatal swine.

PMID- 974982
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of avulsion fracture of the sustentaculum tali in a
      horse.

PMID- 974983
TI  - The use of the anaesthetic "CT1341" in a Sarus crane.

PMID- 974984
TI  - Possible phycomycetes granuloma in the larynx of a horse.

PMID- 974985
TI  - Hypocalcemic paresis in beef cows in Northeastern Alberta.

PMID- 974986
TI  - Ten-year results of the treatment of primary operable breast carcinoma: A summary
      of 304 patients evaluated by the TNM system.
AB  - After all records of patients with breast cancer who received primary treatment
      at Memorial Hospital in 1960 were reviewed, 304 women with operable, infiltrating
      carcinoma were identified and classified clinically according to the TNM system
      of the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting.
      There were 66 patients (22%) classified under Stage I, 176 (58%) under Stage II,
      and 62 (20%) under Stage III. There were 82 patients (27%) in whom the nodal
      status was misclassified clinically. The observed 10-year survival was 59.7%. The
      10-year end results (with 95% confidence limits) diminished significantly in
      relation to advancing clinical stage of disease--90.9% (+/-6.9%) for Stage I,
      57.1% (+/-7.3%) for Stage II, and 33.9% (+/-11.8%) for Stage III patients. The 10
      year survival in patients with pathologically negative axillary nodes was 71.5%,
      and in the patients with pathologically positive axillary nodes, 48.3%.

PMID- 974987
TI  - Should curative surgery be attempted in patients with cancer of the main stem
      bronchus?
AB  - Among tumors of the lung, main stem bronchial cancer offers a particularly
      unfavorable prognosis, probably because of its rapid extension to the segmental
      bronchi, trachea, and extrapulmonary structures. However, analysis of data
      gathered by the End Results Group indicates that survival among those patients
      with main stem bronchial cancer whose tumor was resected was virtually the same
      as that of patients with resectable lung cancer of other sites. From these data
      it is impossible to assess what role, if any, the resection itself played, and a
      randomized trial would be necessary to determine whether resection improves the
      probability of patient survival. On the other hand, it is not now advisable to
      deny resection to patients with operable main stem bronchial tumors (except oat
      cell tumors) on the basis of the available nonexperimental evidence alone.

PMID- 974988
TI  - Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A long-term followup study of
      eighty cases.
AB  - One hundred and eleven patients with microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix were studied over a 21-year period. Thirty-five cases of carcinoma in situ
      with questionable stromal invasion were excluded. Cases with pathologic
      examination of less than a cervical cone or the entire cervix were not accepted.
      The sole pathologic criterion for inclusion was unequivocal invasion to a depth
      of no more than 5.0 mm. Ninety-one patients were followed for 5 years or until
      death, and 80 patients for 10 years or until death. One patient was lost to
      follow-up at 5.5 years. The two deaths officially attributed to cervix cancer
      prior to 10 years were signed out by nonphysician assistant coroners. Available
      clinical evidence indicates that at least one of these patients, and probably
      both, did not die of cervix cancer. From these data, simple hysterectomy would
      seem to be the maximal treatment indicated. Since the prognosis of microinvasive
      carcinoma is similar to that of carcinoma in situ, it is suggested that such
      cases not be included when considering the end results of Stage I cervix cancer.

PMID- 974989
TI  - Phase I studies with Baker's Antifol (BAF) (NSC 139105).
AB  - Phase I studies were conducted in 58 adult cancer patients with Baker's Antifol
      (BAF), a new active-site directed inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. Dose
      escalation ranged from 10 to 250 mg/m2/day X 5 days and courses of treatment were
      repeated every 2-3 weeks. Biologic effects were observed mostly at doses greater
      than 100 mg/m2/day X 5 days. The patients developed myelosuppression during 19%
      of the trials. Other types of toxicity were dermatitis in 12 to 30% and
      stomatitis in 7 to 38% of the trials. Toxicity was directly related to the
      impairment of the patient's liver function. Two partial responses (in a patient
      with adenocarcinoma of the lung and a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of
      the bladder) occurred. BAF is an active new chemotherapeutic agent which deserves
      further clinical trials in patients with various malignancies.

PMID- 974990
TI  - Relationship of glycolytic enzyme activities and response of breast cancer
      patients to chemotherapy: A preliminary report.
AB  - Activities of glucosephosphate isomerase, lactate dehydrogenase, and NADP
      isocitrate dehydrogenase were significantly elevated in breast cancer specimens
      from patients who responded favorably to combination cytotoxic chemotherapy
      regimens compared with those in carcinomas from patients failing to respond to
      the same chemotherapy. Presence of estrogen receptors and clinical response to
      hormonal therapy were also evaluated in neoplasms from these patients. The data
      suggest that measurement of the enzyme profile, along with estrogen receptor
      levels, may be useful in selecting a mode of therapy for patients with advanced
      disease.

PMID- 974991
TI  - Urinary-bladder toxicity following pelvic irradiation and simultaneous
      cyclophosphamide therapy.
AB  - The frequency and severity of urinary-bladder toxicity were determined
      retrospectively in a large series of childhood cancer patients treated with
      either pelvic irradiation and simultaneous cyclophosphamide or cylclophosphamide
      with extrapelvic irradiation. Of 50 patients who received the first combination,
      17 (34%) developed urinary-bladder toxicity. Eight of the 17 had transient
      hematuria and dysuria with complete clearing clinically after cessation of
      treatment; nine had chronic or intermittent hematuria which persisted after
      treatment was stopped and often resulted in demonstrable fibrosis and
      telangiectasia of the bladder. By contrast, of 60 children who received
      cyclophosphamide and radiotherapy outside the pelvic region, only five (8%)
      developed hematuria and in all instances it was transient. This comparative study
      demonstrates a significantly increased frequency and severity of urinary-bladder
      toxicity in cancer patients receiving pelvic irradiation with simultaneous
      cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 974992
TI  - Gastric epithelioid leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma (leiomyoblastoma).
AB  - A series of 127 surgical specimens of epithelioid leiomyomatous tumors
      (leiomyoblastomas) of the gastric wall from the files of the Armed Forces
      Institute of Pathology (AFIP) were studied as to biologic behavior,
      morphogenesis, and histologic features of value in distinguishing benign and
      malignant variants. These tumors affect middle-aged men primarily and usually
      present with upper gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer-like symptoms. They
      are composed of a mixture of round epithelioid and spindle cells, many of which
      have clear cytoplasm. The cells are ensheathed by delicate reticular fibers. The
      presence of a perithelial or glomoid pattern in some tumors suggests a possible
      relationship to angiomyoma, glomus tumors, and "pericytoma." The epithelioid
      leiomyoma, the benign form, often arises in the mid- and distal stomach,
      especially on the anterior wall. Microscopically, it is recognized by the
      presence of large epithelioid cells and infrequent mitotic figures. Of 103
      epithelioid leiomyomas, only one metastasized and thus was biologically
      malignant. The epithelioid leiomyosarcoma often arises in the proximal stomach
      and also distally, especially on the posterior wall. Two histologic types of
      epithelioid leiomyosarcoma are distinguished from the benign epithelioid
      leiomyoma by the small size of the cells and occasional higher mitotic counts.
      One sarcoma variant is a small cell caricature of the leiomyoma. The other is
      more anaplastic, assoicated with a loss of reticular fibers surrounding the cells
      and an alveolar arrangement. Epithelioid leiomyosarcomas are the most common type
      of gastric sarcoma. They are aggressive neoplasms; 63% metastasized, usually
      within 2 years after diagnosis.

PMID- 974993
TI  - Infantile fibrosarcoma.
AB  - The pathologic features and the behavior of 53 cases of infantile fibrosarcoma
      are presented. The tumor nearly always occurred during the first 2 years of life;
      41 of the 53 cases occurred during the first, six during the second, and three
      each during the third and fourth year of life, respectively. Twenty of the 53
      cases were present at birth. The tumor was more common in boys (60%) and affected
      chiefly the distal portions of the lower and upper extremities (72%). Most of the
      tumors grew rapidly and reached a large size within a few weeks or months. They
      were generally poorly circumscribed and infiltrated variously subcutaneous fat,
      muscle, fascia and tendons. Microscopically, they were composed of immature
      appearing spindle-shaped cells and were marked by their high cellularity and
      prominent mitotic activity. Despite these features, follow-up information
      revealed a favorable clinical course, particularly as compared with the adult
      form of fibrosarcoma. Of the 48 patients with follow-up data, 31 were alive and
      well with no evidence of recurrence, eight were alive with recurrence, and one
      was alive following lobectomy for metastatic tumor. Of the living patients, 12
      were treated with amputation, nine with radical or wide local excision, and 15
      with simple excision. In two cases surgery was followed by chemotherapy, and in
      one, by radiotherapy. Eight of the 48 patients with follow-up had died, four of
      metastatic tumor (8.3%) and four of miscellaneous causes. Wide local excision
      appears to be the treatment of choice unless the size of the tumor and its
      anatomic location require amputation. Since late recurrent and metastatic lesions
      were encountered, long-term followup is necessary before one can safely assume
      that the patient has been cured.

PMID- 974994
TI  - The chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XIX. Common markers
      in various tumors.
AB  - Most human cancers are associated with abnormal (marker) chromosomes. In past and
      present studies banding analysis have uncovered a much larger number of markers
      in cancer cells than was seen with standard (Giemsa) staining. Furthermore,
      common markers of identical morphology and origin were found in tumors of related
      or unrelated tissues or organs, suggesting that in all probability such markers,
      although present in cancers of diverse nature, may indicate a common etiology,
      either related to the causation of the cancers, to the progression of the tumors,
      or to the predilection of certain chromosomes to undergo morphologic changes
      leading to marker formation. Even though some markers were common to different
      tumors, the bulk of the markers in the cancers studied could not be identified
      with certainty and their nature varied from tumor to tumor.

PMID- 974995
TI  - Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma of cornea and conjunctiva: A light microscopic,
      histochemical, and ultrastructural study.
AB  - A light microscopic, histochemical, and ultrastructural study was performed on
      tissue obtained from a pigmented squamous cell carcinoma of the cornea and
      conjunctiva. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that one of
      these rare pigmented squamous cell carcinomas of the ocular mucous membrane has
      been described in detail. The occurrence of this neoplasm, which needs to be
      differentiated from other pigmented lesions, and particularly epibulbar
      melanomas, underscores the fact that all pigmented tumors are not melanomas. The
      study revealed that melanin granules, which accounted for the pigmentation of the
      neoplasm, were present in variable numbers in neoplastic squamous cells,
      Langerhans cells, macrophages, and stellate cells identified as melanocytes with
      mature melanosomes. Premelanosomes were not observed in any of these cells types.
      Current concepts concerning the common association of Langerhans cells with their
      characteristic intracytoplasmic "Birbeck granules" and melanocytes are discussed.

PMID- 974996
TI  - Pulmonary blastoma: A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - A case of pulmonary blastoma studied with the electron microscope showed two
      distinct cell types, i.e., epithelial and mesenchymal elements. The former
      demonstrates the differentiation toward ciliated bronchial cells, and the latter,
      cartilage. In view of these findings, coupled with the current understanding of
      pulmonary morphogenesis, the pulmonary blastoma is more likely to be a
      carcinosarcoma than a true blastoma. However, the separation between pulmonary
      blastoma as usually employed and the so-called pulmonary carcinosarcoma seems to
      be desirable because of different clinicopathologic features.

PMID- 974997
TI  - Ultrastructural characteristics of sinus histiocytic reaction in lymph nodes
      draining various stages of breast cancer.
AB  - An ultrastructural study of sinus histiocytosis (SH) in axillary lymph nodes was
      undertaken in 20 patients with primary cancer of the breast. The lymph node
      responses were first classified by means of light microscopy, according to
      previously established criteria. The ultrastructural findings established three
      major patterns of SH response in cancer-draining lymph nodes: developing SH,
      positive SH, and degenerative SH. These patterns followed closely the
      classification obtained by light microscopy. An important finding of electron
      microscopy was the presence of early activation of histiocytes (developing SH) in
      microscopy (negative SH). The striking ultrastructural resemblance of histiocytes
      in positive SH to epithelioid cells seen in delayed hypersensitivity reactions
      (TB) again points to the fact that the positive SH pattern represents a tumor
      host reaction of the delayed hypersensitivity type. Finally, although the
      presence of virus has been shown to play a role in spontaneous BALB/c murine
      breast tumor, no virions could be found in human cancer-draining lymph nodes.

PMID- 974998
TI  - Blastomatous tumors of the respiratory tract.
AB  - Two cases of blastomatous tumors of the respiratory tract are presented. The
      first is a pulmonary blastoma of an 81-year-old man, diagnosed as adenocarcinoma
      by cytologic examination, the cells being exfoliated from the large carcinomatous
      component. The patient died 1 year after manifestation of the symptoms. The
      second case is a tumor that developed in the nasopharynx of a 62-year-old man.
      This is the first reported case of a nasopharyngeal blastoma that presented a
      histology comparable to that seen in the pulmonary tumor. The presence of a
      hamartomatous benign mesenchymal component raises histogenetic considerations as
      to whether this was an independent part of an otherwise malignant tumor or
      whether it was induced by the malignant growth. Following incomplete surgical
      treatment and postoperative radiation, no recurrence was observed during the next
      8 months.

PMID- 974999
TI  - Structure of psammoma bodies of a meningioma in scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Psammoma bodies in a human transitional meningioma were studied by scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM) of deparaffinized tissue slices and sections. The
      bodies, visible as round structures by light microscopy, were confirmed in SEM to
      have a spherical rather than tubular three-dimensional structure. They were
      distinctly demarcated from a surrounding cup-like wall of cells. Under high
      magnification, the undulating surface of the bodies was found to be covered by
      interwoven fibers. In cross-section the bodies had a lamellar internal structure.
      The lamellae consisted of a network of concentric strands and fibers with
      associated bead-like material. The structure of psammoma bodies seen in SEM
      speaks in favor of their genesis by calcification of concentrically deposited
      fibrillar extracellular material.

PMID- 975000
TI  - Acinic cell tumor of the bronchus.
AB  - A bronchogenic tumor was removed from a 12-year-old girl. Histology showed a
      clear cell lesion with electron microscope features compatible with serous acinic
      cell origin.

PMID- 975001
TI  - Erythrokinetics and androgens in bone marrow cancer.
AB  - Erythrokinetic studies were conducted in 60 patients with chronic anemia due to
      bone marrow involvement by cancer and other diseases. Fifty-seven percent had
      evidence of ineffective erythropoiesis contributing to the severity of their
      anemia. Enhanced bone marrow activity in the extremities was detected in 14% of
      patients. Maximal doses of several oral androgens were given to 31 patients for
      at least 3 months. Only 26% of the patients increased their red cell mass by at
      least 20%. All who benefitted had a minimum level of effective erythropoiesis and
      showed a decline in serum iron concentration at least 30 mug/100 ml after 1 month
      of treatment. Erythropoietin values were not helpful in identifying responding
      patients. These findings indicated the value of erythrokinetic studies in
      defining the bone marrow capacity of patients with cancer who are considered for
      androgen treatment trials.

PMID- 975002
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: A clinicopathologic study of four cases.
AB  - Four cases of lymphomatoid granulomatosis were studied. One case, previously
      reported, has had a prolonged remission of 8 years' duration. In one case, the
      course was rapid and progressive, and the patient died 2 months after the onset
      of the disease. In two other patients, the disease appears to be arrested
      effectively, both clinically and radiographically, by administration of
      corticosteroids. In the fatal case, postmortem examination revealed a typical
      angiocentric and destructive polymorphous lymphoreticular infiltrate in the
      lungs, kidneys, and adrenal glands. The diagnosis was made on specimens obtained
      from three patients by open thoracotomy. An adequate specimen is mandatory for
      diagnosis and thoractomy is indicated. To be considered in the differential
      diagnosis are Wegener's granulomatosis, the limited form of Wegener's
      granulomatosis, lymphoma, allergic granulomatosis, lymphocytic interstitial
      pneumonia, plasma cell granuloma, and infectious granuloma.

PMID- 975003
TI  - Pathophysiology of hypoalbuminemia associated with carcinoid tumor.
AB  - Decreased serum albumin levels are commonly observed in patients with carcinoid
      tumor, who also show several characteristic clinical and biochemical
      abnormalities. A large comparative study on a group of 96 carcinoid patients was
      performed with the purpose of identifying some of the mechanisms leading to
      hypoalbuminemia in patients with this form of cancer, and thereby to shed light
      on the cause of hypoalbuminemia of cancer in general. Serum albumin values were
      compared with a number of clinical parameters (including extent of liver
      metastases, severity of diarrhea, degree of right heart failure, and extent of
      gastrointestinal surgery) and of laboratory data (prothrombin time, BSP
      retention, serum transferrin concentration, hematocrit value, and daily urine
      excretion of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid). In several patients the
      gastrointestinal protein loss was assessed by the 51Cr-albumin technique, whereas
      albumin renewal and distribution were evaluated by the use of 125I-albumin. The
      data obtained showed that the main factors in determining decreased serum albumin
      levels in patients with carcinoids are both reduced synthesis and increased loss
      of the protein. The hepatic synthetic defect appears to be related to a
      progressive decrease in the number of functioning liver cells; the origin of the
      gastrointestinal protein loss may be related to the obvious tumor involvement of
      the gut wall, as well as to the pharmacologically-induced diarrhea. Right heart
      failure occurring as a result of the carcinoid heart disease may be an additional
      cause for gastrointestinal protein loss in patients with carcinoid tumor.

PMID- 975004
TI  - A demonstration of androgen and estrogen receptors in a human breast cancer using
      a new protamine sulfate assay.
AB  - Separate receptors for estrogen and androgen are demonstrated in cells from
      metastic human breast cancer. By criteria of binding affinity, number of binding
      sites, and specificity of the receptor for different steroids, the receptors are
      shown to be distinguishable. The protamine sulfate receptor assay technique
      employed allows both kinds of receptor to be quantified conveniently and
      reproducibly without interference by plasma steroid-binding components.

PMID- 975005
TI  - Tumors of fibrous tissue origin in childhood. A clinicopathologic study of
      cutaneous and soft tissue neoplasms in 66 children.
AB  - Fibroblastic lesions in children present difficulties in diagnosis and in a
      justifiable therapeutic approach. This series reviews the clinical and pathologic
      features of fibroblastic soft tissue lesions from 66 children. Although radical
      procedures were occasionally required to achieve local control of an aggressive
      lesion, conservative surgery was generally successful. Recurrences were frequent,
      but only one lesion, in an adolescent, metastasized. No prognostic value could be
      found in anatomic location or in histologic features. Even cellular lesions with
      frequent mitoses ordinarily did not require the aggressive therapy needed in
      similar lesions in adults. In this series, incomplete original excision was
      frequent and usually related to the infiltrating margins of the lesion.

PMID- 975006
TI  - Proximal tubular adenomas of kidney with so-called oncocytic features. A
      clinicopathologic study of 13 cases of a rarely reported neoplasm.
AB  - Four renal "oncocytomas" were observed between July 1974 and January 1975 at
      University Hospital. A review of all renal cell neoplasms previously classified
      as carcinomas since 1952 was conducted to determine whether this cluster of
      tumors represented a recent increase in incidence or whether other renal
      "oncocytomas" had gone unrecognized in the past. The 23-year review of 194
      carcinomas yielded an additional nine "oncocytomas." None had appeared prior to
      1964, whereas almost half were found in the 1973-1975 interval alone. While it
      appears that some "oncocytomas" of the kidney have gone unrecognized in the past,
      it is also evident that their recent increased incidence is epidemiologically
      significant. Renal "oncocytomas" and renal cell carcinomas are compared with
      respect to morphology, clinical presentation, and biologic behavior. Evidence
      derived from this comparison permits the conclusion that these neoplasms
      originate from proximal tubular epithelium, are benign clinicopathologic
      entities, and henceforth should be called proximal tubular adenomas with so
      called "oncocytic" features.

PMID- 975007
TI  - Diffuse cystic glandular malformation of the stomach associated with
      adenocarcinoma: Case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A 60-year-old man was found to have diffuse cystic glandular malformation and
      adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Review of the literature revealed one similar
      reported case and five others with diffuse heterotopic cystic malformation only.
      Clinically, the lesion is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, and
      radiologically, it can mimic diffuse gastric carcinoma, lymphoma, and polyposis.

PMID- 975008
TI  - Tumor imaging in children.
AB  - Twnty-six children suspected of having malignant diseases were examined by
      Gallium-67 scintigraphy. The scintigrams were pathologic in the 20 children with
      final diagnoses of malignancy. The lesions visualized by scintigraphy were 12
      primary tumors and eight cases of local recurrence or dissemination of cancer.
      Gallium-67 did not accumulate in a hematoma of the liver, and scintigraphy was
      normal in five children with no clinical evidence of tumor recurrence. Several
      cases are reported and the clinical value of 67Ca scintigraphy for detection and
      control of childhood neoplasms is emphasized.

PMID- 975009
TI  - Bilateral breast carcinomas: Role of mammography.
AB  - From 1963 to 1973, at Emory Clinic, out of a total of 1112 patients with breast
      carcinoma studied with mammography, 83 had carcinoma in both breasts. The
      carcinoma in the second breast was primary in 67 patients and metastatic in 16
      patients; in 18 patients there were simultaneous bilateral primary carcinomas.
      Mammography proved highly effective in detecting the second carcinoma and was
      reliable in differentiating a second primary from metastatic carcinoma. Forty-one
      of the second primary carcinomas were not associated with a palpable mass; 31 of
      these were having mammography as a routine check-up. The second nonsimultaneous
      carcinoma was considerably smaller than the first and fewer axillary lymph node
      metastasis. The second primary occurred within 6 years of the first in 86% of the
      cases with the remaining 14% scattered evenly up to 23 years. At 4 years after
      the diagnosis of the second primary, 25 of 27 deaths had occurred and only 1
      patient was alive with cancer. Breast cancer patients need close follow-up for at
      least 6 years after the first primary carcinoma; and 4 years past the second
      primary signals a more optimistic prognosis.

PMID- 975010
TI  - Primary extramedullary esophageal plasmacytoma: First case report.
AB  - Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas are rare tumors, reported to occur most
      commonly in the upper respiratory passages, but which also are rarely seen in the
      middle and lower gastrointestinal system. This report documents the first primary
      plasmacytoma of the esophagus. A 67-year-old Caucasian man complained of
      dysphagia and weight loss. Preoperative diagnosis, based on functional inquiry,
      radiology, and biopsy, was undifferentiated carcinoma involving the lower third
      of esophagus. The patient was treated by esophagogastrectomy. The pathology
      specimen revealed the typical histology of plasmacytoma. The extramedullary
      nature of the tumor was established postoperatively on the basis of the following
      criteria: 1) Absence of Bence-Jones proteinurea; 2) normal serum electrophoresis;
      3) normal bone marrow biopsy; and 4) absence of distant metastases on liver scan
      and bone survey.

PMID- 975011
TI  - Diagnostic scalene node biopsy in the preoperative evaluation of the surgical
      cancer patient: Five-year experience with 108 cases and literature review.
AB  - Records were reviewed of 108 consecutive patients with a variety of surgically
      approachable malignancies undergoing scalene node biopsy as part of a
      preoperative staging evaluation. Metastases to the scalene nodes were detected in
      12 patients (11.1%). In six patients the scalene nodes were clinically suspicious
      before biopsy, but in six with nonpalpable nodes the scalene metastases were
      occult clinically. Four of the patients with clinically benign, but
      pathologically positive, scalene biopsies were found among the group of 62
      patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix. It was concluded that routine
      scalene biopsies are justified in the properative evaluation of cancer patients
      only if the nodes are clinically suspicious, except for in patients with advanced
      pelvic cancers, in whom the incidence of completely occult scalene metastases is
      6% or more.

PMID- 975012
TI  - Abdominoperineal resection: Treatment of choice for carcinoma of the rectum.
AB  - Abdominoperineal resection cure adenocarcinoma of the rectum was performed in 62
      patients between 1965 and 1969 at the Winnipeg General Hospital. Mean age was 64,
      ranging from 41 to 83; 40 patients were male and 22 female. Distribution by
      Dukes' staging was: A, 11; B, 28; C, 23. Complications occurred in 22 patients
      (35%). Average hospital stay was 29 days, 27 days in uncomplicated patients and
      36 days in those with complications. There were two deaths, a 3.2% operative
      mortality rate. Sixty of the 62 patients were available for 5-year followup.
      Crude survival rate was 52%: A, 91%; B, 59%; C, 25%. Two patients died of an
      operation that permanently cured three patients in whom disease had spread beyond
      local confines. Abdominoperineal resection offered a 52% 5-year survival rate,
      increased the rate of cures in the unstaged patient by at least 5% over that
      afforded by local therapy, gave a 14% chance of cure in stage C disease compared
      with 0% with local therapy, and, compared with local therapy, was at least 67%
      more likely to offer cure than to kill in the event of disease spread to regional
      lymph nodes.

PMID- 975013
TI  - The long-term course of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix.
AB  - The malignant potential of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the uterine cervix has been
      the subject of great controversy. Despite refinements and additions to knowledge
      in this area, few reports on the long-term course of the disease have appeared in
      the past decade. Recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques
      coupled with changes in the patient population with this disease have prompted
      renewed interest in conservative management. Results of long-term observation of
      a group of patients followed initially without ablative therapy are reported. The
      data indicate that CIS of the uterine cervix is not the inevitably progressive
      disease that it has been considered to be. Unequivocal invasive cancer develops
      in only a small percentage of cases and can be controlled, if not cured, by
      current therapeutic modalities. The intraepithelial lesion, however, tends to
      persist despite conization, and eventually requires ablative therapy in most
      cases. Conservative procedures should be regarded as temporizing, at least until
      their long-term benefits can be recorded.

PMID- 975014
TI  - Normal pregnancy and delivery after cerebral metastases of choriocarcinoma: Case
      report.
AB  - Normal pregnancy and delivery after chemotherapy and radiation of cerebral
      metastases in a case of choriocarcinoma is presented. The need of surgical
      approach to these lesions as proposed by Stilp and his group is questioned.

PMID- 975015
TI  - Five-year remissions of metastatic solid teratoma of the ovary.
AB  - To date, only three 5-year survivors with metastatic solid malignant teratoma of
      the ovary have been reported. The authors report two additional cases surviving 5
      years or greater. In both cases, the embryonal teratomatous elements matured to
      Grade 0 peritoneal metastases after intensive chemotherapy and surgery with or
      without radiotherapy. Since only one of the two patients had an objective
      response to therapy, we speculated that the maturation of the tumor in both
      patients might be, but is not proven to be, a consequence of chemotherapy,
      surgery, and/or radiotherapy. Because the prognosis, even in Stage IA solid
      ovarian teratoma, is so poor, we suggest that all such patients should have 2
      years of adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, dactinomycin, and
      cyclophosphamide. Patients with demonstrable metastases should receive the same
      chemotherapy until either all tumor has regressed or all immature elements have
      reverted to mature tissue.

PMID- 975016
TI  - Dental management of patients irradiated for oral cancer.
AB  - Management of patients irradiated for oral cancer should include consideration of
      their oral health prior to, and after, radiation therapy. Data from 130 patients,
      followed for a period of 1 to 10 years, are presented and evaluated. The
      philosophy of retention and maintenance of as many teeth as possible is supported
      by this data. Extraction of teeth with severe periodontal disease after
      irradiation also proves to be a relatively safe operation. Osteoradionecrosis
      tends to be limited in extent and is generally well tolerated by the patient when
      treated conservatively. A treatment regimen is presented that significantly
      reduces the morbidity from therapeutic irradiation of the jaws. A comprehensive
      dental evaluation and follow-up plan coupled with patient cooperation are
      instrumental to the success of this program.

PMID- 975017
TI  - Postulated developmental forms in the life cycle of the lymphocystis virus.
AB  - Electron micrographs of lymphocystis sk8n lesions obtained from the walleye pike,
      Stizostedion vitreum, show viral particles of differing sizes and morphologies.
      Earlier studies have described only particles ranging in size from 200-250 mmu in
      diameter. We show, in addition, new forms (65-100 mmu in diameter) intermingled
      among the large particles and also contained within the latter. Both forms are
      associated with a single inclusion body. The possible role of the small particle
      in the life cycle of the virus is discussed.

PMID- 975018
TI  - Comparison of the effects of nitrogen mustard on the functional properties of
      mitochondria from sensitive and resistant strains of Ehrlich ascites tumors.
AB  - In vivo treatment of sensitive tumor cells with nitrogen mustard (HN2) results in
      marked inhibitions of protein and nucleic acid synthesis by mitochondria
      subsequently isolated from these cells. This inhibition occurs at doses of drug
      which produce no apparent inhibition of total RNA synthesis. The inhibition
      gradually reverses itself in sensitive cells and is less severe and more rapidly
      reversed in resistant cells. The in vivo sensitivity of the mitochondria is in
      striking contrast to their in vitro behavior; isolated mitochondria resist 50
      times the in vivo ID50 level of the drug. The sensitivity of protein and RNA
      synthesis in mitochondria is presumed to be related to the differences in
      organization between the nucleocytoplasmic processes and the mitochondrial. But
      the data also suggest that the in vivo effects on mitochondria are indirect,
      either acting via the cytoplasm or nucleus or via a carrier mechanism having
      mitochondrial affinity.

PMID- 975019
TI  - Gangliosides and other lipids of hyperplastic liver nodules induced by N-2
      fluorenylacetamide.
AB  - Hyperplastic liver nodules induced in rats fed the carcinogen N-2
      fluorenylacetamide had levels of total, protein-bound, and ganglioside sialic
      acid above those of controls. Yet, the total lipid content of hyperplastic
      nodules and surrounding tissue was nearly identical to the lipid content of
      control liver. Hyperplastic nodules and surrounding liver did not differ from
      control tissue in phospholipid distribution patterns or in fatty acid composition
      of total lipids, neutral lipids, and/or polar lipids. Elevated levels of both
      free and esterified sterols, and a slightly lower level of phospholipid, were
      found in both hyperplastic nodules and in surrounding tissue as compared to
      control liver. The increased sterol ester content was largely due to increased
      amounts of cholesterol oleate. Thin-layer chromatography of ganglioside extracts
      revealed all gangliosides of control liver. Amounts of tri- and
      tetrasialoganglioside were reduced and levels of disialoganglioside were
      increased in modules relative to both control liver and surrounding tissue. The
      ganglioside alterations may represent at least one significant minimal deviation
      of hyperplastic nodules toward the malignant phenotype in keeping with the
      hypothesis that hyperplastic nodules represent a pre malignant form of
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 975020
TI  - Combination chemotherapy in vitro with adriamycin. Observations of additive,
      antagonistic, and synergistic effects when used in two-drug combinations on
      cultured human lymphoma cells.
AB  - Adriamycin was paired with 12 other chemotherapeutic drugs in a search for
      possible synergistic pairs. Cell lethality was investigated by the colony
      formation method utilizing a long-term human lymphoma cell line. Addative effects
      were noted with CCNU, ara-C, prednisolone, DDP, VP-16, and Yoshi, and mild
      synergistic effects with BLEO and CS. Adriamycin reduced the killing ability of
      BCNU and MeCCNU when applied simultaneously. This antagonistic effect was
      canceled by sequential incubation with each drug. It appears that no significant
      synergism can be expected by simultaneous pairing of adriamycin with some
      currently available chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 975021
TI  - Fab dimers of antitumor immunoglobulins as covalent carriers of daunomycin.
AB  - Fab dimers were prepared by pepsin digestion from the immunoglobulin fraction of
      a rabbit antiserum towards the Yac Moloney virus lymphoma cells. Daunomycin was
      attatched to these (Fab)2 by covalent binding. The resultant conjugates exerted
      pharmacological toxic activity and specificity towards Yac target cells similar
      to that observed previously with conjugates of intact anti-Yac IgG. The activity
      was manifested both in vitro by inhibition of RNA synthesis and by the effect of
      reduction of the growth of the tumor cells in vivo after short exposure to the
      conjugates. The potential advantage of using an IgG molecule devoid of its Fc
      portion is discussed.

PMID- 975022
TI  - Preparation and properties of the O-methyl derivatives of 9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyladenine.
AB  - The previously reported resistance of 9-substituted adenines to ring alkylation
      in alkaline medium was profited from to prepare all seven possible O' methyl
      derivatives of the therapeutically important 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine
      (araA) by mild methylation of the latter with dimethylsulfate in aqueous alkaline
      medium. All the products were fractionated and isolated in a single step on a
      Dowex OH- column. The sequence of elution of the various derivatives was
      strikingly similar to that for the O' methyl derivatives of 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine, previously reported, suggestive of a similar sequence
      of acidities of the sugar hydroxyls. The products were identified by various
      criteria, including PMR spectroscopy, extensive data for which are supplied. The
      2'-O-methyl and 3'-O-methyl derivatives of araA exhibited appreciably lower
      susceptibility to calf intestinal adenosine deaminase than the parent araA. The
      5'-O-methyl analogue was fully resistant to enzymatic deamination.

PMID- 975023
TI  - Transfer RNA and aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in hormone dependent and independent
      mammary tumors of GR mice: I. Comparative study of the amino acid accepting
      capacity of the tRNA's in the presence of the homologous and heterologous
      enzymes.
AB  - Transfer RNA and aminoacyl tRNA synthetases were obtained from hormone dependent
      and independent mammary tumors of GR mice. We have studied the possible changes
      in the tRNA level by comparing the specific activities of the hormone dependent
      and independent mammary tumor tRNA's, but no differences were observed.
      Differences were found in the ability of enzymes from normal male GR mice liver,
      independent mammary tumor and dependent mammary tumor to cross-react with
      heterologous tRNA.

PMID- 975024
TI  - Quantification of two basic proteins related to a thymic hormone (LSH) and their
      occurrence in serum of normal and cancerous adults.
AB  - A quantitative assay for a thymic hormone (LSHr) was developed and utilized for
      biologic materials. The protein was isolated from tissue extracts or biologic
      fluids by precipitation with 20% (NH4)2SO4 and reprecipitation with 75% methanol
      with subsequent disc-electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. The proteins on the
      gel were stained with amido black. One of the two protein bands was readily
      identified with LSHr by its electrophoretic mobility and agar immunodiffusion
      tests. Comparison of the intensity of the protein bands obtained from biologic
      tissues with those of graded amounts of the pure LSHr allowed quantitative
      estimation. Another basic protein of the serum is found along with LSHr by the
      above fractionation procedure; it was tentatively named GEM 126 on the basis of
      its electrophoretic mobility. The total quantity of each of these serum basic
      proteins and their ratios to each other showed no correlation to any of 20
      clinical and laboratory parameters in either healthy or cancerous adults. The
      lack of correlation between the quantity of serum protein presumed to be LSHr and
      cancer susceptibility suggests this thymic hormone is not deficient in patients
      with cancer. Treatment of female cancer patients with radiation and chemotherapy
      caused a decrease in serum GEM 126 when compared to healthy adults, and untreated
      or surgically treated cancer patients.

PMID- 975025
TI  - In vivo studies on the mechanism of action of the tumor inhibitor vernolepin in
      the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma.
AB  - Rats bearing the Walker 256 intramuscular carcinosarcoma were treated
      intraperitoneally with tritium-labeled vernolepin or with its nontumor-inhibitory
      methanol adduct. Following treatment with 3H-vernolepin on several different
      dosage schedules, the tumors were found to contain significantly more
      radioactivity per gram wet weight than control tissue (muscle from the
      contralateral limb). After the administration of the nontumor-inhibitory methanol
      adduct, no such difference was observed. The distribution of radioactivity in
      various other organs (liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, lung, heat, fat, blood,
      and brain) was measured following treatment with the parent compound (3H
      vernolepin). The implications of these data in terms of the suggested mechanism
      of action of sesquiterpene lactone tumor inhibitors is discussed.

PMID- 975026
TI  - Acute effects of ethionine stereoisomers on hepatic RNA and protein synthesis in
      swiss mice.
AB  - The acute biochemical effects of ethionine have been well studied in rats but not
      in mice. These results show that both hepatic RNA and protein synthesis in Swiss
      mice were inhibited by DL-ethionine. Protein synthesis was inhibited 30 to 40
      percent 3 hr after 2500 mg/kg DL-ethionine while RNA synthesis was inhibited 80
      to 90 percent 3 hr after 625 mg/kg DL-ethionine. Thus ethionine was a far more
      potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis than of protein synthesis. There was no sex
      difference in either of these responses. While both stereoisomers were active,
      the L isomer was a more potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis than was the D isomer.
      In male mice, 3 hr after 20 mg/kg L-ethionine, RNA synthesis was inhibited 80%,
      while after D-ethionine it was inhibited only 51%.

PMID- 975027
TI  - Ribonuclease inhibitors from mouse ascites cells.
AB  - Ribonuclease inhibitors were found to be present attached to mouse ascites
      ribosomes and in the post-ribosomal supernatant. Both inhibitors inhibited
      pancreatic RNAses A and B and two endonucleases prepared from ascites cells but
      did not inhibit RNAses T1 or N1. Both inhibitors had the same sedimentation
      coefficient and this taken with the results above suggest that they are
      identical. The inhibitor was shown to interact directly with the RNAse itself.

PMID- 975028
TI  - Over and over.

PMID- 975029
TI  - Blood pressure measurement: guidelines to accuracy.

PMID- 975030
TI  - Seven steps to a successful hypertensive screening program.

PMID- 975031
TI  - What patients want to know about their pacemaker....

PMID- 975032
TI  - Waiting for cardiac surgery.

PMID- 975033
TI  - An affair of the heart.

PMID- 975034
TI  - Self-concept of the myocardial infarction patient.

PMID- 975035
TI  - The transfer process.

PMID- 975036
TI  - Through the looking Glass.

PMID- 975037
TI  - The resistance of putative premalignant liver cell populations, hyperplastic
      nodules, to the acute cytotoxic effects of some hepatocarcinogens.
AB  - The hypothesis that liver carcinogenesis may have as an important facet the early
      selection of carcinogen-resistant cells was tested in animals in which putative
      premalignant hepatocyte populations, hyperplastic nodules, were induced by 2
      acetylaminofluorene or by ethionine. Hyperplastic nodules were observed to be
      resistant to the acute necrogenic effects of 2 hepatotoxins, CCl4 and
      dimethylnitrosamine, under conditions in which liver cell necrosis occurred in
      the liver surrounding the nodules. In addition, although [methyl
      3H]dimethylnitrosamine was taken up to an equal degree in nodules and normal
      liver, the interactions with DNA, RNA, and protein in hyperplastic nodules were
      found to be about 50% less than in control liver. Hyperplastic nodules showed a
      marked decrease in uptake of [9-14C]-2-acetylaminofluorene, a finding that could
      account for the large decrease in labeling of DNA, RNA, and protein by [9-14C]
      2acetylaminofluorene observed in the nodules. The results are consistent with and
      support the hypothesis that new hepatocyte populations that appear prior to
      cancer, during liver carcinogenesis, have as an important biological property a
      resistance to the cytotoxic effect of hepatocarcinogens. The basis for this
      resistance might be a decrease in uptake and/or a reduction in the level of
      activation of carcinogens.

PMID- 975038
TI  - Carbohydrate compositions of normal, spontaneously transformed, and virally
      transformed cells derived from BALB/c mice.
AB  - Carbohydrate compositions of chloroform: methanol-soluble and -insoluble complex
      polysaccharides have been studied in cell lines derived from BALB/c mice. The
      cells used in these studies include normal cells, spontaneous and viral
      transformants that cause tumors that regress, and spontaneous and viral
      transformants that cause progressively growing tumors that kill immunocompetent
      BALB/c mice. The carbohydrates were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Some
      of the transformed cell lines compared with normal cells have altered
      carbohydrate compositions, including decreased sialic acid levels and decreased N
      acetylgalactosamine in chloroform: methanol-soluble material. Significant
      decreases in total carbohydrates of chloroform: methanol-soluble material were
      also observed in some of the transformed cells. However, these changes alone do
      not predict cancer. Transformed cell lines that cause progressively growing
      tumors tend to have fewer alterations in carbohydrates of complex polysaccharides
      than lines causing tumors that regress.

PMID- 975039
TI  - Combination versus sequential five-drug chemotherapy in metastatic carcinoma of
      the breast.
AB  - Patients with metastatic or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the breast were
      randomized to weekly combination chemotherapy, intermittent combination
      chemotherapy, or single-drug chemotherapy administered sequentially. Patients
      receiving weekly combination therapy were more likely to respond than those
      receiving single-drug therapy (5-fluorouracil). The median survival for either
      group treated with combination therapy was double that of patients on sequential
      therapy. One-fourth of the patients had a prolonged survival (greater than 75
      weeks), regardless of therapy.

PMID- 975040
TI  - Metabolism and metabolic effects of 8-azainosine and 8-azaadenosine.
AB  - 8-Azainosine (8-aza-HR) is of interest because of its activity against
      experimental tumors. Metabolic studies in cell cultures were performed with 8-aza
      HR and with the structurally related nucleoside, 8-azaadenosine (9-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl-8-azaadenine) (8-aza-AR), which has a lower degree of antitumor
      activity than does 8-aza-HR. In H. Ep. 2 cells and in Ca755 cells, both 14C
      labeled nucleosides were metabolized to nucleotides of 8-azaadenine (8-aza-A) and
      8-azaguanine (8-aza-G) and incorporated into polynucleotides as 8-aza-A and 8-aza
      G. 8-Aza HR was incorporated primarily as 8-aza-G, whereas 8-aza-AR was
      incorporated about equally as 8-aza-A and 8-aza-G. In H. Ep. 2 cells, the extent
      of incorporation of 8-aza-HR as 8-aza-G was about one-half that found when [14C]
      8-aza-G was the precursor. In the H. Ep. 2/FA/FAR cell line, 8-aza-AR and 8-aza
      HR were metabolized similarly, in that both were incorporated into
      polynucleotides principally as 8-aza-G; apparently, in this cell line which is
      deficient in adenosine kinase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, 8-aza-AR is
      metabolized by conversion to 8-aza-HR. A cell line (H. Ep 2/8-aza HR), which was
      resistant to 8-aza-HR but sensitive to 8-aza-AR and which retained hypoxanthine
      (guanine)-phosphoribosyltransferase activity, metabolized 8-aza-HR to only a
      small extent. However, in this cell-line, 8-aza-AR was more extensively
      metabolized and was incorporated primarily as 8-aza-A. The failure of these cells
      to convert 8-aza-AR or 8-aza-HR to 8-aza-G indicates that the basis for
      resistance may be a change in the substrate specificities of the enzymes of
      guanosine monophosphate synthesis such that these cells no longer effectively
      convert 8-azainosine monophosphate to 8-azaguanosine monophosphate. 8-Aza-AR was
      a potent inhibitor of purine synthesis de novo, but 8-aza-HR, at concentrations
      much higher than the inhibitory concentration of 8-aza-AR, did not inhibit this
      process. In H. Ep. 2 cells, 8-aza-HR blocked the conversion of orotic acid to
      uridine nucleotides and caused an accumulation of orotidine. This inhibition of
      pyrimidine biosynthesis apparently does not contribute significantly to the
      cytotoxicity of 8-aza-HR because uridine provided no degree of reversal of its
      inhibition of the growth of cell cultures.

PMID- 975041
TI  - Malignant transformation and viral replication of rat bone and muscle cells after
      in vitro infection with rat-adapted murine sarcoma virus (Moloney).
AB  - Isolated bone and muscle cells from rat fetuses were infected with the rat
      adapted osteosarcomogenic murine sarcoma virus (Moloney) for examination of
      malignant transformation and viral replication. After the infection, the bone
      cells underwent an unusual transformation characterized by two patients in the
      focus formation. In the early transformation (Transformation I), foci consisting
      of only morphologically altered cells appeared, but they soon disappeared. Focus
      formation of this type continued for subsequent cell passages. In the late
      transformation (Transformation II), typical foci of malignant cells were formed
      with rapid multiplication. The cells in both types of transformation produced
      sarcomogenic as well as leukemogenic viruses. They contained C-type particles
      showing varying morphology and dimensions. Distinct bone cell tropism of
      osteosarcomogenic murine sarcoma virus (Moloney) was shown for three in vitro
      passages through rat bone cells. The infected muscles cells produced
      Transformation I foci at an incidence lower than did the bone cells, being mostly
      nontransformed. The virus yielded from these cells was predominantly
      leukemogenic, consisting of typical C-type particles. Evidence presented suggests
      that the tissue dependency with replicating ability of murine sarcoma virus and
      murine leukemia virus present in osteosarcomogenic murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)
      preparation is responsible for exhibiting the tissue tropism of this virus.

PMID- 975042
TI  - Selective lethal effect of supranormal temperatures on human neoplastic cells.
AB  - The effects of supranormal temperatures upon normal human cells (derived from
      normal adult and embryonal tissues) and neoplastic human cells (derived from
      biopsies of malignant tumors) have been quantitatively studied in tissue culture.
      Melanoma cells have been compared with melanocytes derived from fetal uveas.
      Colon carcinoma cells have been compared with embryonal intestinal epithelial
      cells. Malignant neuroepithelial cells derived from a teratocarcinoma of the
      ovary have been compared with neuroepithelial cells derived from fetal brain.
      Fibrosarcoma cells have been compared with normal adult fibroblasts. All cells
      defined as neoplastic have produced malignant tumors when injected into nude
      thymus-deficient mice at doses of 1 X 10(7) cells or less. Exposure to
      temperatures of 42.5-43.0 degrees for 4 to 8 hr has been shown to have
      significantly greater lethal effect on the tumor cells than on the nonneoplastic
      cells.

PMID- 975043
TI  - Molecular structure of benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide.
AB  - An X-ray crystallographic study of benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide, a metabolite of the
      carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BP), as given information on the geometry of this
      molecule. The carbon skeleton of BP itself has been shown by others to be early
      planar; the planarity of the carbon skeleton has been shown by this work to be
      perturbed very little by epoxidation of the 4,5-double bond. Epoxidation has,
      however, increased the double bond character of C-11--C-12, C-9--C-10, and C-7--C
      8. The hydrogen atom on C-3 points directly toward the oxygen atom of another
      molecule. This C--H... O interaction, although weak, suggests that C-3 might be
      slightly acidic. An analysis of the experimentally determined bond lengths
      indicates that, after the highly reactive epoxide ring, the most reactive
      positions are at C-1, C-6, C-7, C-11, and C-12. The oxide ring of BP, unlike that
      for the K-region oxide of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, is symmetrical (with C-
      O distances equivalent within experimental error). The C--O distances are longer
      than those found in most oxides, including those in 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-5,6-oxide. Thus it has been shown that the oxide rings
      of the K-region oxides of the two potent carcinogens BP and 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene are not similar in dimensions.

PMID- 975044
TI  - Histogenetic and morphological in vivo and in vitro data concerning androgen
      estrogen-induced scent gland tumor in the Syrian hamster.
AB  - The scent gland tumor of the Syrian hamster is induced by exogenous androgen and
      estrogen. Microscopic nodules are induced normally in old males by endogenous
      androgen. The histogenesis of the scent gland tumor is complex and not completely
      understood. In this study microscopic preneoplastic nodules and macroscopic
      tumors were studied by light and electron microscopy, and the macroscopic tumors
      were grown in tissue culture on collagen-coated coverslips and on sponge foam
      matrices by the organ culture method. The cultures were fed with an unfiltered
      fetal calf serum-bovine serum ultrafiltrate medium, which contained endogenous
      androgen-estrogen, 110-100 pg and could maintain growth without additional
      androgen-estrogen. Exogenous androgen-estrogen was also added to some cultures.
      Scent gland tumors grown in organ culture contained cells of two shapes, spindle
      and ovoid arranged in cords. Cultures on coverslips showed radiating outgrowths
      of spindle cells suggesting either mesenchymal or Schwann cells. By electron
      microscopy, both in vivo and in vitro preneoplastic and tumor samples contained
      cells with segments of basal lamina, micropinocytotic vesicles, and junctional
      complexes. These features were similar to those of poorly differentiated
      experimental malignant rat schwannomas maintained in similar in vitro systems.
      Tumors grown in vivo and in vitro were associated with collagen fibrils with a
      periodicity ranging from 400 to 1075 A. The evidence reported in this paper
      suggests that one component of the scent gland tumor is an androgen-estrogen
      induced poorly differentiated schwannoma.

PMID- 975045
TI  - Carcinogenic activity of a chlorinated polyether polyurethan.
AB  - On the basis of the results of an earlier study, a particular polyurethan sample
      (Y-238) was selected for further evaluation of its carcinogenic potential. This
      sample was subjected to physical and chemical tests for elucidation of its
      chemical structure, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution.
      Additional biological tests were conducted on male NBR rats by implanting various
      quantities of the sample i.p., while others received an intrabronchus implant.
      Tumors, assessed histologically as malignant, were observed following both routes
      of implantation. The most common neoplasms of the pulmonary site was epidermoid
      carcinoma, while fibrosarcoma was the most common neoplasm in the peritoneal
      cavity. Data from the i.p. implantation suggested a dose-related incidence of
      cancers.

PMID- 975046
TI  - Establishment of a cell line (Co-115) from a human colon carcinoma transplanted
      into nude mice.
AB  - A human colon carcinoma cell line, Co-115, has been established in vitro from
      solid xenografts maintained in nude mice and subcultured for 95 passages. Co-115
      cells grow in vitro as tightly packed, epithelial-like colonies, have a doubling
      time of about 36 hr, have a relatively low plating efficiency in agar, and
      release significant amounts of carcinoembryonic antigen to the culture medium.
      Their epithelial nature has been confirmed by ultrastructural examination. The
      injection of Co-115 cells into nude mice reinduced the formation of solid tumor
      masses that could be retransplanted and showed a morphology comparable of that of
      the original xenograft.

PMID- 975047
TI  - A factor responsible for increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity in the
      livers of tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in the livers, spleens, and kidneys of tumor
      bearing mice changed markedly during tumor growth. These changes in enzyme
      activity were not due to infiltration or metastasis of tumor cells in these
      organs. After i.p. inoculation of Ehrlich tumor cells, enzyme activity in the
      liver and spleen increased remarkedly, reaching a peak in 4 to 6 days and then
      quickly decreasing. Conversely, activity in the kidney, which was very high in
      normal mice, decreased markedly during tumor growth, nearly reaching zero on Day
      6 and remaining very low until death. Upon injection of a cell-free homogenate of
      Ehrlich tumor or cell-free ascites fluid, enzyme activity in the liver and spleen
      also increased markedly, but that in the kidney did not change. These increases
      in activity were not due to the effects of living tumor cells. Similar increases
      in enzyme activity were also observed in the livers of mice given injections of
      homogenates of Sarcoma 180 or Act. S tumor, or plasma from tumor-bearing mice,
      but not in the livers of mice given injections of homogenates of various
      nontumorous tissues, such as liver, kidney, spleen, muscle, regenerating liver,
      and fetus, or plasma obtained from normal mice. A similar increase in enzyme
      activity in the liver after injection of a cell-free preparation of tumor cells
      was observed in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized mice; thus, these
      endocrine systems are probably not involved in the increase in enzyme activity in
      the livers of tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 975048
TI  - Stimulated DNA synthesis in mouse epidermal cell cultures treated with 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - Exposure of mouse epidermal cells in culture to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorobol-13
      acetate (TPA) results in an initial inhibition of DNA synthesis for 24 hr
      followed by a 5- to 10-fold stimulation at 72 to 96 hr. A corresponding increase
      in mitotic rate also occurs at 72 to 96 hr. These responses occur when TPA is
      continuously present in the medium or if the exposure is as short as 1 hr, but
      the degree of stimulation was dependent on dose and duration of exposure.
      Sensitivity to TPA varied with the length of time the cells were in culture prior
      to treatment. TPA treatment also produced an alteration in morphology from
      clearly epithelial to a more fibroblastic type. These biochemical and
      morphological effects did not occur after treatment of epidermal cells with
      either phorbol-13,20-diacetate or phorbol. Primary dermal fibroblasts in culture
      did not respond to TPA in this manner, but a line of cultured liver epithelial
      cells was slightly stimulated by the promoter. This system appears to be a
      sensitive in vitro model for detecting the hyperplasia-inducing effects of
      phorbol esters and should be used for mechanistic studies and bioassay.

PMID- 975049
TI  - Potentiation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea by amphotericin B in
      murine ependymoblastoma.
AB  - This paper reports the potentiation of the therapeutic effect of 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) by amphotericin B (AMB) in s.c.
      transplanted murine ependymoblastoma 01B111. The rate of 2-month cures was 6%
      when tumors were treated 10 to 12 days after transplantation by a single 6 i.m.
      injection of 2.5 mg of CCNU per kg and reached 15% with 10 mg of CCNU per kg.
      When 25 mg of AMB per kg were given i.p. 10 hr prior to CCNU, the respective
      figures increased to 18 and 58%, the differences being significant at 5 and 1%. A
      single dose of 25 mg of AMB per kg given alone did not affect tumor growth.
      Radioactivity per g of tumor was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after injection of
      [14C]CCNU in total tissue, chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) extract, and CCNU
      isolated by thin-layer chromatography. No difference was found between animals
      treated with 25 mg of AMB per kg and controls. The inhibition of DNA synthesis,
      measured 24 hr after the administration of CCNU and 2 hr after the injection of
      [3H]thymidine, was almost optimal with 5 mg of CCNU per kg. The inhibition caused
      by 1 mg of CCNU per kg was not enhanced by AMB. Thus, the potentiation of CCNU by
      AMB does not seem attributable to an increased permeability of the tumor to CCNU
      or to an enhancement of the inhibition of DNA synthesis, at least in murine
      ependymoblastoma.

PMID- 975050
TI  - Comparison of antitumor activities of pancreatic ribonuclease and its cross
      linked dimer.
AB  - The cross-linked dimer of bovine pancreatic RNase (M.W. 28,000) is significantly
      more effective than the monomer in inhibiting tumor development in mice when
      administered i.p. 1 day after inoculation with sarcoma 180J ascites cells.
      Animals bearing solid tumors were not affected. In AKR/J mice with advanced
      leukemia, a single i.p. injection of 100 mug of the dimer led to about 50%
      reduction in the enlarged lymph nodes and the spleen at 24 hr. The half-life of
      the dimer in the bloodstream has been determined to be 10 min in rats and 6 min
      in mice, compared to values of 5 and 3.5 min, respectively, for the monomer.
      Analyses of the tissues of untreated leukemic mice for RNase and RNase inhibitors
      show that the tumor tissues are not deficient in RNase activity. Considerations
      of possible mechanisms of action of the dimer indicate that other basic proteins
      in this size range may merit examination as cytostatic agents toward transformed
      cells.

PMID- 975051
TI  - Prolactin levels in populations at risk for breast cancer.
AB  - The basal plasma concentration of prolactin was determined by radioimmunoassay in
      Caucasian women at different risk for breast cancer and in three cases of women
      at risk for breast cancer. Samples taken under comparable conditions showed
      similar basal levels at birth and in prepubertal Bantu and Caucasian girls, or in
      healthy pre- and postmenopausal Bantu, Caucasian, or Japanese women. Elevated
      plasma prolactin levels were found in women castrated prior to 35 years of age
      and in women whose first pregnancy occured after 35 years. Evidence indicates
      that the prolactin/estrogen relationship may not be similar in women 35 to 45
      years of age as compared to young women and suggests that elevation of serum
      prolactin per se does not appear to be related to an increased risk of breast
      cancer. The prolactin level was increased only in Caucasian women with breast
      cancer. If a high prolactin/estradiol ratio increases the susceptibility of the
      mammary epithelium to neoplastic growth, the lack of changes in prolactin levels
      in premenopausal Japanese patients and in postmenopausal patients of the three
      ethnic groups indicates that other factors are involved. Further study of the
      effects of life-style and diet on the basal level and stimulated release of
      prolactin is required to resolve the relationship of prolactin to breast cancer.

PMID- 975052
TI  - Effect of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on the DNA of rat bladder epithelium.
AB  - Bladder cancer can be induced in the rat by the intravesicular administration of
      N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. DNA damage in rat bladder epithelial cells after
      administration of methylnitrosourea has been examined by measuring the change in
      sedimentation of the DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients. A dose response of DNA
      damage in the urothelium was observed with single intravesicular doses of 0.1,
      0.3, and 0.5 mg of methylnitrosourea. Larger doses of methylnitrosourea damaged
      the epithelium so extensively, that biochemical studies were not feasible. DNA
      repair, measured by the return to a normal sedimentation pattern of DNA on
      alkaline sucrose gradients, was followed over a period of 9 days with the use of
      0.5 mg of methylnitrosourea to initiate the damage. Bladder epithelial cells were
      able to repair the DNA damage induced by methylnitrosourea. However, the
      possibility of persistent damage not detectable by sedimentation of DNA on
      alkaline sucrose gradients cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 975053
TI  - Immunological enhancement of leukemia L1210 by Corynebacterium parvum in
      allogeneic mice.
AB  - The effect of Corynebacterium parvum on the immune response of C57BL/6 mice (H
      2b) to the allogeneic leukemia L1210 (H-2d) was investigated. Mice were either
      left untreated or given C. parvum i.v. or i.p. in various dosages. Seven days
      later they were challenged with 2.5 to 10 X 10(6) live L1210 cells i.p. Control
      animals almost always rejected the challenge. In contrast, most mice pretreated
      with either 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 mg of C. parvum i.v. and 1.0 or 0.5 mg i.p.
      exhibited enhanced growth of leukemia L1210 as indicated by gross ascites and
      significantly greater weight gain. This sometimes progressed to the death of the
      animal, but more often regressed after several days. Spleen cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity to alloantigens, evaluated in vitro by release of 51Cr from P815Y (H
      2d) target cells, was significantly decreased in the mice pretreated with either
      1.0 or 0.5 mg of C. parvum i.v. or 0.5 mg of C. parvum i.p. This suppression
      could not be reversed by reduction of the concentration of macrophages in the
      spleen cell suspensions. Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody, measured by
      release of 51Cr from L1210 cells, was profoundly suppressed in mice pretreated
      with C. parvum i.v. in dosages ranging from 1.0 to 0.1 mg. These data suggest an
      immunological basis for the enhanced growth of leukemia L1210 caused by C. parvum
      at these schedules.

PMID- 975054
TI  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in mouse mammary gland.
AB  - The specific activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the mammary gland has
      been measured in six different mouse strains comprising both mammary cancer
      susceptibility and resistance, under basal conditions, and after pretreatment of
      the mice with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC). No correlation was observed between the
      ease of 3MC-enhanced mammary tumorigenesis and the basal or induced specific
      activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. Furthermore, it was shown that in the
      AKR/J and A+/Ki mice, only minor enhancement in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was
      seen upon injection of 3MC. The C57BL/6J and C3Hf/He Tex mammary glands responded
      the most in this regard. It was also shown that the inability of the AKR/J or
      A+/Ki mice to respond was not due to their inability to absorb 3MC from the
      peritoneal cavity and transmit the polycyclic hydrocarbon to the mammary gland.

PMID- 975055
TI  - Quantitative studies of the toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene to a mouse liver
      epithelial cell strain in culture.
AB  - The toxic effects of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were studied in a well
      characterized epithelial cell strain NMuLi, derived from the livers of weanling
      Namru mice. These cells were extremely susceptible to the toxicity, 99% dying
      after a 6-day exposure to BaP, 5mug/ml. The toxic effects began between 11 and 24
      hr postapplication of BaP to the cells and increased exponentially with the time
      of treatment. The toxicity was concentration dependent in cells treated for a
      specific time period. The survival curves were exponential and extrapolated to a
      survival fraction of 1.0. The toxic effects of BaP to logarithmically growing
      NMuLi were inhibited 40% by 7,8 benzoflavone, and the inhibition was
      concentration dependent. The 7,8-benzoflavone also inhibited aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase (AHH) from NMuLi cell homogenates and microsomes by 99%. The
      concentration dependence for AHH inhibition by 7,8-benzoflavone paralleled its
      inhibition of cellular toxicity. The toxicity of BaP to these cells increased
      exponentially with the number of population doublings. Hence, the toxicity was
      130 times greater in exponentially growing cells than in confluent cells. Levels
      of AHH, the enzyme that metabolizes BaP to its cytotoxic derivatives, were only
      2.4 times higher in exponentially growing than in confluent cells, suggesting
      that cell division was responsible for the large differential toxicity. In
      addition, a toxic BaP metabolite was preferentially toxic to log-phase cells. The
      results indicate that the metabolism of BaP by AHH to produce cytotoxic
      metabolites, which may cause lesions that are expressed upon cell division, is
      responsible for the cytotoxicity of BaP to NMuLi.

PMID- 975056
TI  - Induction of type B virions to bud into cytoplasmic vacuoles in a mammary tumor
      of an X-ray- and urethan-treated X/Gf mouse.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of thin sections of a mammary carcinoma that
      developed in a female mouse of the syngeneic X/Gf low-cancer strain after
      treatments with X-rays (3 X 100 rads weekly) followed by 8 weekly i.p. injections
      of urethan (1 mg/g body weight) revealed extensive budding of B particles into
      cytoplasmic vacuoles and numerous characteristic B virions in the vacuolar
      lumens. Simultaneous budding of B particles into cytoplasmic vacuoles and budding
      of B particles at plasma membranes of the same cancer cell were also noted (figs.
      2 to 6).

PMID- 975057
TI  - Murine teratocarcinoma and the developmental approach to neoplasia.

PMID- 975058
TI  - Differentiation of early mouse embryonic and teratocarcinoma cells in vitro:
      plasminogen activator production.
AB  - Cultured mouse blastocysts produce plasminogen activator, a protease that
      converts the zymogen plasminogen into the trypsin-like enzyme, plasmin. We have
      fractionated the blastocyst and cultured the constituent cell types. Trophoblast
      outgrowths free of inner cell mass derivatives secrete plasminogen activator
      during a time period that closely parallels the invasive phase of trophoblast
      cells in utero. Isolated inner cell masses also produce plasminogen activator;
      further fractionation of the inner cell mass as well as studies with primary
      cultures obtained from midgestation tissues demonstrate that enzyme formation is
      restricted entirely to parietal endoderm cells. Secretion of the enzyme may
      facilitate the migration of parietal endoderm cells along the trophoblast layer
      as the yolk sac cavity enlarges during gestation. F9 embryonal carcinoma cells do
      not secrete detectable amounts of plasminogen activator. However, when these
      cells are induced to differentiate, the resulting parietal endoderm-like cells
      are capable of producing the enzyme. These results are consistent with previous
      findings suggesting that plasminogen activator production may be a characteristic
      of invasive and/or migratory cells.

PMID- 975059
TI  - Summation: model systems for the study of oncodevelopmental gene expression-
      murine teratocarcinoma.

PMID- 975060
TI  - Evidence for altered gene regulation in HeLa cells returned to culture after
      growing in immunosuppressed rats.
AB  - HeLa TCRC-1, is a monophenotypic cell line for the production of the
      carcinoplacental Regan isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. It has been previously
      reported that, when this cell line is grown in immunosuppressed rats, there is an
      alteration of phenotypic expression in that an isoenzyme that is referred to as
      oncoamnion (FL) becomes the dominant enzyme form. This report describes the
      isoenzyme regulation after these cells are returned to culture for at least three
      months. These cells in culture demonstrate a density-dependent alteration in
      isoenzyme profiles. The Regan isoenzyme is the dominant isoenzyme form in new,
      sparsely populated cultures, while the oncoamnion isoenzyme predominates in the
      later high-density stages of growth. Prednisolone induction of enzyme activity is
      found to be most effective in the early stages of growth, and the previously
      reported specificity of hormone action on isoenzymes produced by cancer cells is
      maintained. Enzyme induction is restricted to the Regan isoenzyme, while hormone
      mediated diminution in enzyme activity is confined to the oncoamnion (FL)
      isoenzyme.

PMID- 975061
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma of the
      stomach.
AB  - The enzymological and immunological properties of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
      isoenzymes in intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma tissues were compared
      with those of purified human intestinal, placental, and hepatic ALP's to
      speculate the gene expression of gastric cancer cells. The results were as
      follows: Intestinal metaplasia was found in 21 of 23 cases (91%) of gastric
      cancer, whereas normal gastric mucosa had no ALP activity. ALP extracted from the
      mucosa of intestinal metaplasia was identical with intestinal ALP as to
      enzymological and immunological properties. ALP obtained from gastric carcinoma
      tissues of 23 patients was separated into 3 bands (ALPa, ALPb, and ALPc) by
      polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis. Ten cases showed ALPa only, 4 cases
      showed ALPa and ALPb, 5 cases showed ALPa and ALPc, and the other 4 cases showed
      ALPa, ALPb, ALPc, respectively. It was concluded that ALPa was similar in its
      enzymological and immunological properties to hepatic-type ALP, ALPb was similar
      to placental-type ALP, and ALPc was similar to intestinal-type ALP, ALPb probably
      originates from the cancer cell itself. As for the other enzymes, ALPa and ALPc,
      further investigation should be made to determine whether they come from the
      cancer cell itself or not.

PMID- 975062
TI  - A model for the control of transcription during development.
AB  - In order to account for the coordinate expression of large numbers of genes that
      must occur during development and differentiation, a mechanism of transcription
      control distinct from those operating in bacteria is proposed. Transcription
      would be initiated by small RNA chains that would function as primers for
      elongation. A given species of primer RNA generated by a primary induction event
      would bind by complementary base pairing to a variety of sites in the genome and
      thus trigger the transcription of adjacent structural genes. The primer RNA
      region would be excised from the transcription products in the nucleus, and
      possibly be reutilized as primers for transcription. This model can account for
      the occurrence of tissue-specific nuclear RNA complementary to repetitive DNA and
      does not require that the major RNA polymerases be capable of initiation. A minor
      RNA polymerase capable of initiating primer RNA chains and subject to
      conventional transcription controls would be required. Carcinogenesis, which is
      accompanied in many cases by the appearance of a variety of embryonic antigens,
      could involve the induction of RNA primers normally programmed to function early
      in development.

PMID- 975063
TI  - The role of nuclei and nucleoli in the control of cell proliferation.
AB  - A number of changes have been reported to occur in chromatin of quiescent cells
      stimulated to proliferate. These changes, indicative of increased transcriptional
      activity, occur in the early prereplicative phase, several hours before the onset
      of DNA replication, and are detectable not only in chromatin, but also in
      isolated nuclei and in whole cells. Most of the increased transcriptional
      activity can be attributed to an increased activity of the nucleolus; however,
      extranucleolar genes are also important in the regulation of the cell cycle flow,
      from G0 to S.

PMID- 975064
TI  - Role of nonhistone chromosomal proteins in the regulation of histone gene
      expression.
AB  - Histone gene expression was studied during the cell cycle of continuously
      dividing HeLa S3-cells and following stimulation of confluent monolayers of WI-38
      human diploid fibroblasts to proliferate. The presence of histone messenger RNA
      (mRNA) sequences was assayed by hybridization to a 3H-labeled single-stranded DNA
      complementary to histone mRNA's. In HeLa S3-cells, histone mRNA sequences were
      found in the nucleus and associated with polyribosomes during S phase but not
      during G1. Transcripts of S-phase chromatin contained histone mRNA sequences but
      those of G1 chromatin did not. Similarly, in WI-38 cells association of histone
      mRNA sequences with polyribosomes and transcription of histone mRNA sequences
      from chromatin parallel DNA replication. Together these results suggest that the
      regulation of histone gene expression resides, at least in part, at the
      transcriptional level. Chromatin reconstitution studies provide evidence that
      nonhistone chromosomal proteins play a key role in activation of histone gene
      transcription during the period of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated.
      Phosphate groups associated with the S-phase nonhistone chromosomal proteins
      appear to be functionally involved in the control of histone gene readout.
      Although WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts transformed by SV40 exhibit
      morphological and biochemical modifications characteristic of neoplastic cells,
      transcription of histone mRNA sequences remains unaltered.

PMID- 975065
TI  - Summation: molecular mechanisms of gene regulation--session 2.

PMID- 975066
TI  - Summation: molecular mechanisms of gene regulation--session 3.

PMID- 975067
TI  - Fundamental carcinogenic processes and their implications for low dose risk
      assessment.
AB  - Various possible models of carcinogenesis are analyzed with respect to low dose
      kinetics. The importance of background carcinogenesis upon the shape of the dose
      response curve at low dose is emphasized. It is shown that, if carcinogenesis by
      an external agent acts additively with any already ongoing process, then under
      almost any model the response will be linear at low dose. Measures of the degree
      of linearity are obtained for multistage models of carcinogenesis, where it is
      shown that throughout the dose range where the extra risk is less than the
      spontaneous risk linear extrapolation must be quite accurate.

PMID- 975068
TI  - Use of lipid vesicles as carriers to introduce actinomycin D into resistant tumor
      cells.
AB  - Unilamellar lipid vesicles have been used as a carrier vehicle to enhance the
      uptake of actinomycin D into an actinomycin D-resistant Chinese hamster tumor
      cell line (DC-3F/ADX). The DC-3F/ADX cell line is resistant to actinomycin D as a
      result of its decreased capacity to transport actinomycin D across the plasma
      membrane and is able to grow in the presence of concentrations of actinomycin D
      that are cytotoxic for the sensitive parent cell line (DC-3F). Incubation of
      resistant DC-3F/ADX cells with actinomycin D-containing vesicles produced a 5
      fold increase in intracellular drug concentration over that achieved by exposure
      to identical concentrations of the drug added to the culture medium. Vesicle
      mediated uptake of actinomycin D into resistant cells produced inhibition of
      cellular RNA synthesis and cell growth at actinomycin D concentrations that had
      no inhibitory effect when added as free drug in the culture medium. Dose-response
      measurements established that direct introduction of actinomycin D into resistant
      cells by means of lipid vesicles resulted in a 200-fold reduction in the
      concentration of actinomycin D required to inhibit cellular RNA synthesis and a
      120-fold reduction in the dose of actinomycin D required to produce a 50%
      inhibition of cell growth. These results lend strong support to the hypothesis
      that cellular resistant to actinomycin D is due to a lower capacity to take up
      actinomycin D as a result of a reduction in the permeability of the cellular
      plasma membrane to this drug. The potential value of lipid vesicles for
      introducing other classes of drugs into cultured cells and their possible use in
      chemotherapy are also discussed.

PMID- 975069
TI  - A rapid assay for stimulation of human lymphocytes by tumor-associated antigens.
AB  - Lymphocyte-stimulated protein synthesis (SPS) in response to human tumor
      associated antigens was assessed by measuring [3H]leucine incorporation.
      Correlation of SPS with other in vivo and in vitro response was demonstrated by
      immunizing normal subjects with keyhole limpet hemocyanin and testing
      sequentially frozen lymphocytes and serum samples. One week after immunization,
      lymphocytes from normal subjects demonstrated increased SPS to keyhole limpet
      hemocyanin. This correlated with the appearance of delayed cutaneous
      hypersensitivity responses and preceded detection of hemagglutinating antibodies
      and increases in lymphocyte [3H]thymidine incorporation. There was no difference
      in the reactivity of fresh and viable frozen lymphocytes, and as few as 5X 10(5)
      lymphocytes/microtiter plate well could be used. Tumor-associated antigens were
      prepared from four lung carcinomas, six sarcomas, and six melanomas, using 3 M
      KCI extraction. Lymphocyte responses to both autologous and allogeneic tumor
      extracts were observed. Five of 15 patients demonstrated significant SPS to
      autologous tumor antigens. Fourteen of 20 lung cancer patients responded to lung
      cancer antigen, whereas only 11 of 41 patients with other tumors and 3 of 19
      normal subjects reacted. Significantly, more lung cancer patients reacted to the
      tumor extract than to an extract of uninvolved lung from the same patient. Twenty
      one of 42 melanoma patients responded to melanoma antigen. Ten of 33 patients
      with other tumors and 3 of 24 normal subjects reacted to the melanoma extract.
      Eight of 30 melanoma patients reacted to an extract of muscle from the same donor
      as was the melanoma antigen. Tumor-associated antigenic activity of 3 M KCI
      extracts can therefore be detected by measuring lymphocyte [3h]leucine
      incorporation.

PMID- 975070
TI  - Effects of single cyclophosphamide doses on the kinetics of thoracic duct lymph
      and blood leukocytes in calves.
AB  - After 5 or 20 mg cyclophosphamide per kg body weight, given once i.v., the output
      in thoracic duct lymph of small and large lymphoid cells, cells incorporating
      [3H]lymidine in vitro, mitotic cells, pyknotic cells, and/or the number of
      lymphocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood were measured in six calves. The
      median grain count of labeled cells and the DNA content of pyknotic nucleic were
      determined. After both doses there was an exponential decrease and subsequent
      recovery of the median grain count. The larger dose caused a temporary cessation
      of lymphoid cell division, reduced the output of nondividing small lymphoid
      cells, and probably imparied proliferation of neutrophil precursors. The results
      suggest that increased cell production during recovery was due to changes in the
      growth fraction and that feedback mechanisms acting on G0-G1 cells controled the
      proliferation of lymphoid cells.

PMID- 975071
TI  - Kinetics of the plasmacellular reaction in the draining lymph node of mice
      bearing the BP-8 fibrosarcoma.
AB  - The kinetics of the plasmacellular response in the draining lymph node was
      quantitatively assessed in specific-pathogen-free C3H/He mice grafted S.C. with
      the syngeneic BP-8 fibrosarcoma. The percentage of plasma cells was estimated on
      dissociated, cytocentrifuged, and fixed cell preparations by immunoenzymatic
      staining with either of two B-cell-specific antibody markers. Mice either grafted
      with liver tumor or given a single implant of tumor homogenate gave a maximal
      plasma cell response of about 4%. However, this peak was reached at 14 days in
      the live grafts and at 7 days in the homogenate situations. Moreover, in animals
      grafted with live tumor an elevated 3% plateau persisted until death, wheras in
      homogenate-implanted animals a sharp drop to a 0.5% plateau was observed at about
      Day 20. Homogenate-treated animals displayed a significant enhancement of tumor
      growth when challenged with a live graft 7 days after homogenate implantation,
      i.e., during the peak 4% plasmacellular response. Mice given a single implant of
      X-irradiated (3500 R) tumor responded with a peak of 1.7% plasma cells at 7 days.
      Despite subsequent boosting with the same material (Days 14 and 21), this value
      declined and remained at a plateau of about 0.2% until death. Contrary to
      homogenate-treated mice, these animals were immune to subsequent challenge with a
      live tumor graft. In the present host-tumor system, there appears to be an
      inverse relationship between elevated numbers of plasma cells and antitumor
      immunity.

PMID- 975072
TI  - Increased attachment of nucleic acids to eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells induced
      by chemical and physical carcinogens and mutagens.
AB  - Significantly enhanced attachment to Ehrlich ascites and Escherichia coli cells
      was observed for radioactive DNA and RNA in the presence of chemical mutagens and
      ultimate carcinogens. In some instances, formation of nucleic acid-protein
      adducts by these compounds further (or similarly) enhanced the binding. DNA
      irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of a protein bound more
      efficiently than either an unirradiated mixture of these two macromolecules or
      DNA irradiated alone. The spectrum of compounds tested and found active in this
      system includes alkylating agents, aromatic amines, and carcinogenic metals.
      Precarcinogens and nonultimate carcinogenic chemicals, as well as tumor-promoting
      agents, did not increase the binding. However, addition of extracts from mouse or
      rat livers activated precarcinogenic and proximate carcinogenic chemicals  and
      resulted in enhanced cellular attachment of indicator nucleic acids in their
      presence. Possible usefulness of this test system for fast and efficient
      screening for environmental carcinogens and mutagens, as well as possible
      relevance of the observed phenomena to in vivo effects of chemical and physical
      carcinogens, is considered.

PMID- 975073
TI  - Retention of tritiated methotrexate in a transplantable mouse glioma.
AB  - The uptake and distribution of tritiated methotrexate ([H]MTX) were studied by
      autoradiography and liquid scintillation countinf for up to 7 days after i.v.
      injection in mice bearing s.c. or intracerebral (i.c.) implants of a
      transplantable mouse ependymoblastoma. Autoradiography showed that s.c. tumors
      took up more [3H]MTX than i.c. tumors. In both s.c. and i.c. tumors, [3H]MTX was
      mainly intracellular, with very little in intersitial fluid sites. Retention of
      [3H]MTX gradually diminished with time, with some still being present 7 days
      after injection. The distribution of [3H]MTX in the i.c. tumors was not uniform,
      and portions of these tumors were relatively inaccessible to the drug. The
      uniformity of distribution did not improve with time. Scintillation counting
      showed that s.c. tumors accumulated much less [3H-A1MTX and retained a lower
      proportion of [3H]MTX than many normal tissues. These studies indicate that
      [3H]MTX has 3 major shortcomings as a chemotherapeutic agent for brain tumors.
      First, the amount of drug taken up by the transplantable mouse ependymoblastoma
      was small in comparison with normal tissues and in comparison with other agents
      taken up by this tumor. Second, the distribution of the drug in the i.c. tumors
      was nonuniform, with tumor cells in certain areas remaining relatively
      inaccessible to the drug. Last, the retention of the drug in the tumor was far
      less than in normal tissues.

PMID- 975074
TI  - Antitumor activity of 9-hydroxyellipticine (NSC 210717) ON L1210 mouse leukemia
      and the effect of route of injection.
AB  - The antitumor activity of a new derivative of ellipticine, 9-hydroxyellipticine
      (NSC 210717), was studied using L1210 mouse leukemia. Low doses of this drug have
      a high antileukemic activity, whereas high doses have less activity than expected
      because of a leveling off in the antitumor activity-dose relationship, as if a
      few cells were resistant to the treatment. The possible causes of this apparent
      resistance were investigated. It is suggested that this apparent resistance is
      related to the sequestration of a small number of cells in compartments
      inaccessible to the drug. A model was developed which takes into account the
      distribution of cells in various compartments and their drug sensitivity therein.
      It was predicted and observed that the activity of drugs acting on cells in the
      small compartments can be observed only in conjunction with the presence of drugs
      acting on the cells in the major compartment. The importance of this observation
      in the screening procedures of new drugs, the clinical trial of new
      chemotherapeutic agents, and the association of anticancer drugs are discussed
      within this context. 9-Hydroxyellipticine is of interest because it acts on
      leukemic cells in the brain.

PMID- 975075
TI  - Combined adriamycin and hyperthermia treatment of a murine mammary carcinoma in
      vivo.
AB  - A study was made of the effect of combined adriamycin and hyperthermic treatment
      in a solid mouse mammary carcinoma in vivo. This study demonstrated: (a) that,
      when given separately, adriamycin and hyperthermia enhance the destruction of a
      solid mouse mammary carcinoma in vivo; hyperthermia (40.5-42.5 degreesy greatly
      increases tumor destruction and, in a number of cases, caused initial and long
      time regression; (c) that whole-body hyperthermia in combination with adriamycin
      gives a significant delay in tumor growth as compared with the controls, but not
      to the same degree as the local combined therapy; and (d) that treatment with
      local hyperthermia and adriamycin gives a pronounced decrease in the lethal
      toxicitity of adriamycin. The effect of adriamycin and heat treatment may be due
      to hyperthermic cell destruction in the central area of the solid tumor, together
      with a synergistic effect of heat and adriamycin on the proliferating peripheral
      tumor cells. Furthermore, local heat application may increase the adriamycin
      concentration in the heated tumor area, which causes a high destructive effect
      and a less toxic influence on the nonheated normal tissue.

PMID- 975076
TI  - Ultrastruct and biochemical chantes in cultured human malignant melanoma cells
      after heterotransplantation into nude mice.
AB  - Cells from three lines of cultured human malignant melanomas were
      heterotransplanted into nude mice and then recultered. The shape of the cells,
      the aspect of the melanosomes, and the content of 5-S-cyteinyldopa showed
      pronounced changes induced by the transplantation. Such results indicate that
      this experimental model should be used with great caution. A relationship was
      found between the shape of the melanosomes and the content of 5-S-cysteinyldopa
      in the cells.

PMID- 975077
TI  - Transport of anionic substrates and glutamate metabolism in mitochondria from
      ascites tumor cells.
AB  - A study is presented of alpha-oxoglutarate and glutamate transport and of
      glutamate oxidation in ascites tumor cell mitochondria. Kinetics analysis of
      alpha-oxoglutarate transport in mitochondria from two strains of Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells, the hyperdiploid and the hyperdiploid Lettre mutant, shows that the
      activity of the alpha-oxoglutarate carrier and its affinityfor substrates are
      higher in the mutant than in the wild strain. Evidence is presented showing the
      occurrence of carrier mediated glutamate-OH-exchange-diffusion in mitochondria
      from both strains. The activity of the glutamate carrier is apparently higher in
      the hyperdiploid Lettre mutant. Glutamate oxidation occurs mainly through
      transamination to asparatate in both tumor stains. The rate of deamination in the
      two strains correlates directly with the level of glutamide dehydrogenase (EC
      1.4.1.3.), which is higher in the wild than in the mutant strain. Thus glutamate
      dehydrogenase per se, and not glutamate penetration, constitutes the control step
      for gluttochondria of glutamate with externally added oxaloacetate (arsenite
      present) that exclude an obligatory transport of oxaloacetate on the alpha
      oxoglutarate carrier.

PMID- 975078
TI  - Cell cycle and morphological changes during growth and differentiation of a rat
      basophilic leukemia cell line.
AB  - Cells of the rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-1 differentiated maximally
      when permitted to achieve growth arrest in a high-density stationary phase, in
      which the cell number is constant, and the cells are arrested in a G phase of the
      cycle. Features of differentiation are the accumulation of large basophilic
      granules and increases in membrane receptors for immunoglobulin E. However,
      changes in histamine content did not parallel granule development or changes in
      immunoglobulin receptor concentration. During rapid "forced exponential" growth,
      the cell number doubles every 8 hr, 50% of the cells are in S phase, and
      differentiation is minimal.

PMID- 975079
TI  - A comparison of the loosely bound and tightly bound nonhistone proteins from
      Ehrlich ascites tumor chromatin.
AB  - The nonhistone proteins of Ehrlich ascites tumor chromatin have been separated
      into a loosely bound and two tightly bound protein fractions by sequential
      extraction of chromatin with 0.35 M NaCl and 2 M NaCl:5 M urea. The nonhistone
      proteins thus obtained were examined for their chemical composition and
      distribution of DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and protein kinase activities. In
      addition, the effect of these nonhistone proteins on transcription of DNA in
      vitro has been determined. The results indicate that these nonhistone proteins,
      fractionated on the basis of their extractability, exhibit varied compositional
      characteristics and play different functional roles in the synthesis of DNA and
      RNA and in the possible control of gene activity.

PMID- 975080
TI  - Effects of the immunosuppressive drug niridazole in isogeneic and allogeneic
      mouse tumor systems in vivo.
AB  - In both isogeneic (Sarcoma 1 in A/JAX mice) and allogeneic (Sarcoma 180 in
      C57BL/6 mice) mouse tumor systems, treatment of the tumor-bearing mice with
      niridazole, an antiprarasitic drug, known to be a potent suppressor of cell
      mediated but not humoral immunity caused enhancement of metastases to regional
      popliteal nodes. Niridazole also inhibited tumor growth in vivo, as manifested by
      a significant decrease in the weight of the primary tumors. The enhancement of
      metastases is attributed to the suppression of cell-mediated immunity by the
      drug, but the mechanism of tumor-growth inhibition is not yet clear.

PMID- 975081
TI  - Preferential inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse hemopoietic cells by halothane.
AB  - The effect of prolonged light halothane anesthesia (0.8%) on the proliferation
      rate of different mouse tissues was investigated, using [5-125I]5-iodo-2
      deoxyuridine uptake into DNA as the test parameter. It was found that DNA
      synthesis in spleen, femoral bone marrow, and, occasionally, the small intestine
      was significantly depressed after exposure for 24 hr to halothane in vivo. The
      time course of DNA synthesis inhibition was then investigated by utilizing a
      shorter (6-hr) exposure time. This period was found to be insufficient to cause
      DNA synthesis inhibition in any of test tissues. Because anesthesia was found to
      be associated with hypothermia at normal room temperatures, it was established
      that the inhibition of DNA synthesis was not due to cooling of the mice under
      anesthesia by demonstrating that inhibition in sensitive tissues occurred at
      warmer temperatures as well. To examine the specificity of this finding, the DNA
      synthesis rate of cells in other normal tissues, e.g., skin and muscle, and in
      s.c.-growing tumor cells of a mouse mammary carcinoma, L1210 leukemia, and a
      first transplant AKR lymphoma were examined. In none were responses noted with 24
      hr of halothane exposure. However, halothane was found to inhibit DNA synthesis
      in regenerating marrow. Finally, it was found that after significant exposure to
      halothane, complete recovery was seen in the spleen after 24 hr, whereas femur
      DNA synthesis was still depressed by 20% at the same time.

PMID- 975082
TI  - Characterization in vivo and in vitro of tumor cells selected for resistance to
      syngeneic lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - This report describes the selection and behavior of tumor cells resistant to
      cytolysis by syngeneic lymphocytes. Two B16 melanoma lines, F1 (low metastasis)
      and F10 (high metastasis), were cultured with lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice
      immunized against B16. The  selection procedure involved repeated exposure of the
      tumor cells to lymphocytes in vitro. After each interaction, the viable tumor
      cells were trpsinized, replated, and designated lines F1Lr-1 and F10Lr-1. The
      procedure was repeated five times, yielding lines F1Lr-6 and F10Lr-6, which
      resisted cytolysis by syngeneic lymphocytes. Mice were given s.c. or i.v.
      injections of cells from lines F1, F1Lr-6, F10, or F10Lr-6. Tumor growth patterns
      were the same for all four lines when the cells were injected s.c., however, the
      incidence of pulmonary metastases differed significantly after i.v. injection.
      Line F10 cells yielded more pulmonary metastases than an equal number of line F1
      cells (p less than 0.01). F1Lr-6 cells yielded significantly fewer metastases
      than an equal number of lines F1 cells (p less than 0.01). A similar difference
      between F10Lr-6 and F10 cells was observed. The incidence of artificial
      metastases after i.v. injection of F10Lr-6 cells was similar to that for F1
      cells. The quantitative organ distribution, arrest, and survival of i.v.-injected
      tumor cells were studied by using [125]-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridinelabeled cells.
      There was a significantly greater number of cells from line F10, arrested and
      able to survive for 14 days in lungs, than cells from line F1. In contrast, cells
      from either line F1Lr-6 or F10Lr-6 had a lower incidence of arrest and survival
      than their lymphocyte-sensitive counterparts.

PMID- 975083
TI  - Effects of Dintrato(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum (NSC 239851) On murine
      myeloma and hemopoietic precursor cells.
AB  - We studied the effects of dinitrato (1,2,-diaminocyclohexane)platinum (NSC
      239851) on murine myeloma  Adj. PC-5 and hemopoietic precursor cells. The median
      survival time of tumor-bearing mice was significantly affected by i.p. injections
      of this agent. While 14 mg/kg was a toxic dose, as little as 2 mg/kg prolonged
      the survival for over 100 days. When cells from normal marrow and actively
      regenerating marrows were exposed to the agent in culture tubes, washed, and
      assayed for the surviving hemopoietic precursors, similar sensitivity curves were
      observed. This result indicates the absence of cell cycle dependency of the
      agent. When marrow cells were exposed to NSC 239851 at 4 degrees in culture,
      almost total abrogation of the cytotoxicity was noted. This observation, unlike
      that from the experiment with the inorganic platinum congener, cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum, suggests that the transport of this agents is an active
      process.

PMID- 975084
TI  - Homocysteine thiolactone metabolism in malignant cells.
AB  - Since abnormal homocysteine metabolism is associated with several disorders of
      growth, including neoplasia, the metabolic fate of homocysteine thiolactone was
      studied in cell cultures from several malignant tumors, established cell lines,
      cell lines transformed by oncogenic viruses, and normal skin cells. In all of the
      cultures of malignant cells homocysteine thiolactone becaome incorporated in
      peptide linkage with cellular proteins (thiolation). Normal cells incorporated
      homocysteine thiolactone in peptide linkage, but homocysteine thiolactone was
      released by acid hydrolysis. The findings suggest the speculative possibility
      that malignant cells are deficient in a homocysteine thiolactone derivative that
      prevents thiolation of proteins by homocysteine thiolactone. This hypothetical
      substance may also catalyze the synthesis of methionine and release acrolein, a
      growth-regulatory substance, in normal cells. The growth characteristics and
      tumorigenicity of cultured cells may be related to depletion of the hypothetical
      substance, and its identification, synthesis, and administration to animals would
      be expected to affect growth of malignant neoplasms.

PMID- 975085
TI  - The effect of adriamycin and radiation on G2 progression.
AB  - The effect of the DNA-intercalating antibiotic adriamycin on the progression of
      Chinese hamster ovary cells into mitosis, and on the delay induced by ionizing
      radiation, was studied using the mitotic cell selection procedure to monitor the
      rate of cell division. Following the addition of adriamycin, the mitotic rate
      remained unaltered for a refractory period and then decreased to zero. This
      effect was concentration dependent with transition points between the S-G2
      boundary for 0.1 mug/ml and late G2 for 250 mug/ml. Cells treated with either a
      10- or 30-min pulse of 1.0 mug adriamycin per ml exhibited a refractory period
      identical to that observed for continuous treatment. However, after a delay of
      congruent to 3.5 or congruent to 5 hr, respectively, cell division resumed. The
      mitotic rate of cells that received 150 rads of X-ray at the oneset of an
      adriamycin pulse declined coincident with that of radiation only, but resumed
      coincident with those receiving adriamycin only. This implies that radiation
      induced division delay (congruent to 3 hr) was repaired before cells recovered
      from adriamycin-induced division delay and that the two agents were not additive.
      This lack of synergism is in contrast to that observed for cell lethality.

PMID- 975086
TI  - Decreased prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity (atopy) in a cancer
      population.
AB  - It has been suggested that the atopic population has decreased risk of cancer.
      This investigation examined the cumulative prevalence of atopy in a population
      with neoplastic disease and compared this with the prevalence of atopy in an age
      matched control group and with published estimates of atopy in the general
      peopulation. Seventy-four patients with neoplastic disease and 86 patients
      without cancer were evaluated. The subjects were given a standard allergic
      questionnaire which evaluated them with regard to a history of allergic symptoms,
      hives, eczema, frequent colds, frequent unexplained rashes, hay fever, and
      asthma. All were skin tested with a representative group of regionally
      significant allergens. There was a 15-fold decrease in prevalence of atopy in the
      cancer population, compared with the control group and compared with published
      estimates of atopy in the general population.

PMID- 975087
TI  - Identification and characterization of a circulating tumor-associated oncofetal
      protein from a radiation-induced adenocarcinoma of the rat small bowel.
AB  - A tumor-associated protein from the cellular membranes of a radiation-induced rat
      small bowel adenocarcinoma was identified, found to be serologically unaltered in
      the circulatory system, and was observed to be susceptible to acid hydrolysis.
      The immunochemical reactivity was unchanged by heat, alkali, or neuraminidase
      digestion. The protein appeared to be a single immunologically active species,
      but it was structurally composed of a heterogeneous group of proteins.

PMID- 975088
TI  - Growth stimulation of cultured endothelial cells by tumor cell homogenates.
AB  - Short-term cultures of endothelial cells from fetal bovine heart and aorta
      consistently display increased growth rates when crude tumor cell homogenates
      from the Walker 256 adenocarcinoma (ascites and solid forms as well as tumor
      cells from a suspension culture) are added to the culture media. The tumor
      derived material produces growth stimulation in both sparse and confluient
      endothelial cell cultures. Homogenates of embryonic tissues and cultured cells
      show similar growth-promoting effects; corresponding material from various adult
      tissues is ineffective. The nonendothelial cells that were tested generally show
      no growth response or only a slight positive growth response to the tumor cell
      homogenates. The results indicate the feasibility of using this in vitro system
      as a paradigm of the tumor-induced vascularization process.

PMID- 975089
TI  - A rapid in vitro labeling index method for predicting response of human solid
      tumors to chemotherapy.
AB  - A rapid autoradiographic technique for measuring the [3H]thymidine-labeling index
      of human solid tumors has been adapted to assess the effect of anticancer drugs
      in vitro. The drugs tested were present unchanged or as metabolites in serum
      obtained from patients immediately post-treatment. In 15 patients, the drugs
      tested in vitro were also given in vivo. Tumor-labeling index fell significantly
      in 5 of 6 patients who were later found to have objective clinical response.
      Tumor-labeling index did not change significantly in 8 patients and rose
      significantly in 1 of 9 patients who lacked clinical response. If confirmed, this
      in vitro test may prove to be a useful method of predicting responsiveness of
      human solid cancers to chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 975090
TI  - Effects of 5-mercapto-2'-deoxyuridine on the incorporation of nucleosides into
      RNA and DNA in a primary lymphocyte culture system.
AB  - The effects of 5-mercapto-2'-deoxyuridine (MUdr) on DNA synthesis in a primary
      murine spleen lymphocyte culture system stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
      were studied. Inhibition of thymidine incorporation into acid insoluble nucleic
      acid material was 50% at 0.5 mM MUdR concentration, while inhibition of
      deoxyuridine incorporation into acid-insoluble nucleic acids was 50% at 0.01 mM
      MUdR. Time course studies, at 0.5 and 0.05 mM MUdR, showed that the magnitude of
      inhibition of incorporation for thymidine and deoxyuridine, respectively,
      increased from a time point after PHA stimulation when increased synthesis of
      thymidine kinase and thymidylate synthetase had leveled off. At 1 mM MUdR, total
      cellular DNA in cultures was decreased 43% at 42 hr after PHA stimulation.
      Neither the total number of cells nor the percentage of PHA-transformed cells was
      decreased in comparison to that of controls. MUdR therefore blocks the increase
      in DNA content of lymphocytes that is initiated during the S phase of the cell
      cycle. Millimolar levels of MUdR inhibited incorporation or uridine, adenosine,
      and cytidine into acid-insoluble material in pha-stimulated primary murine
      lymphocyte cultures. Total cellular RNA synthesis was inhibited at these levels
      of MUdR, with no differential effects on 4, 18, or 28 S RNA species observed.
      Uptake of these nucleosides into the total cellular acid-soluble material was not
      blocked. Uptake of different labeled nucleosides into cellular, acid-soluble
      pools occurs at different rates. Thus, choice of a suitable minimum pulse time to
      achieve saturation for different labeled nucleosides must relate to this
      consideration. Thymidine kinase from whole-cell sonic extracts of PHA-stimulated
      lymphocytes was inhibited 65% by 1 mM MUdR at 24 and 48 hr after stimulation.
      Uridine kinase extracted from the PHA-stimulated cells was also significantly
      inhibited by 1mM MUdR at 24 hr (56%). Exogenous guanosine incorporation into
      lympohcyte acid-insoluble material is increased by MUdR. This increased
      utilization of exogenous nuceloside is apparently the result of MUdR inhibition
      of conversion of adenosine to guanine nucleotides within the lymphocytes and a
      consequent diminution of the total intracellular guanine nucleotide pool size.
      The active inhibitory compound is the deoxyribonucleoside or deoxyribonucleotide.
      Comparison with the riboside analog 5-mercaptouridine showed that MUdR was a more
      efficient inhibitor of nucleoside incorporation.

PMID- 975091
TI  - Relationship of cell growth behavior in vitro to tumorigenicity in athymic nude
      mice.
AB  - The serum requirements, anchorage requirements, saturation densities, and contact
      inhibition responses of a variety of mammalian cell lines were determined under
      uniform conditions. The serum requirement of both transformed and normal cells
      was a sensitive function of initial plating density. Cloning efficiency on
      irradiated mouse monolayers was found to be an invalid indicator of contact
      inhibition of growth, since most cell lines that failed to form visible colonies
      on cell monolayers nonetheless proliferated on these monolayers. When normal and
      neoplastic cells from a variety of sources were examined, none of the growth
      parameters that serve to define the transformed state in vitro correlated
      consistently with cellular tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. It is concluded
      that the most reliable and physiologically meaningful assay for malignant
      transformation is, at present, cellular tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice.

PMID- 975092
TI  - Changes in ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat intestines during aging.
AB  - The ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of rat intestines, liver, and brain
      was found to vary dramatically as animals develop and age. Unusually high
      activity was present in the small intestines of adult animals. The ODC activity
      of the small intestines approximated that of fetal tissues and of regenerating
      rat liver. Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine levels of fetal and adult animal
      tissues were determined. In all tissues but the stomach mucosa, high putrescine
      levels correlated with high IDC activity. However, the total polyamine
      concentrations of the stomach and colon could not be correlated with ODC levels,
      and no simple relationship between polyamine levels of ODC levels and cellular
      proliferation in the gut was found.

PMID- 975093
TI  - Detection of occult metastatic melanoma by urine chromatography.
AB  - By using ion-exchange column chromatography with effluent monitoring using the
      stable, free radical alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picryhydrazyl as a colorimetric
      reagent, we have demonstrated the occurrence of elevated levels of five peaks in
      the urine of patients with metastatic disease. The tentative assignment of two of
      the peaks as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylalanine
      has been made. Three remain unknown. The correlation of these peaks with the
      clinical status of melanoma patients shows that, while the individual excretion
      pattern of these compounds may be variable, the sustained occurrence of one or
      more of them in a patient's urine is evidence of recurrent or continuing disease.
      The excretion levels appear to be proportional to the tumor burden. The results
      with a group of 39 melanoma patientshaving Stage II or Stage III disease indicate
      that this chromatography technique provides earlier evidenc eof liver metastases
      than doses the liver scan, may detect occult metastases generally, and has
      detected tumor in clinically enlarged lymph nodes. This method, in its present
      form, does not detect small pulmonary lesions earlier than chest X-ray or
      tomography do or brain metastases earlier than do brain scan or computerized
      axial tomography. The technique is clinically useful for the diagnosis of
      melanoma patients and in their follow-up while under treatment.

PMID- 975094
TI  - Transfer RNA species in tumors of different growth rates.
AB  - Tyrosyl-, histidyl-, lysyl-, and phenylalanyl-tRNA's from 3 tumors (DBAH, DBAH,
      and DBA), differing in growth rates and from host mammary glands and liver, were
      compared by means of methylated albumin kieselguhr (MAK) column and by reverse
      phase-5 chromatography. The elution profiles of lysyl-tRNA's from DBAH and DBA,
      phenylalanyl Trna's from DBAH and DBAH, and histidyl-tRNA's from DBA3 tumors
      exhibited extra isoaccepting species, compared with host liver and mammary
      glands. The distribution of acylatable tyrosyl-tRNA's in DBA3 and DBAH,
      phenylalanyl-tRNA's in DBAH and DBAH2, and histid-l-tRNA's in DBA3 is higher than
      that in liver, whereas no appreciable differences were observed in the lysyl-tRNA
      contents of the tumors and liver. The chromatographic alternations appeared to be
      a property of the tumor tRNA's and not due to differences in aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases or due to the aggregation of tRNA's. The structural and functional
      significance of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 975095
TI  - Characterization of dextran sulfate-treated ascites tumor cells and their repair
      by ascites fluid.
AB  - Exposure of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells to the polyanion dextran sulfate altered
      the permeability of the plasma membrane resulting in decreased glycolysis and
      respiration, enhanced permeability to Rb+ and adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and
      increased staining by erythrosin B. The inhibition of respiration was reversed by
      the addition of inorganic phosphate, whereas restoration of glycolysis required
      both inorganic phosphate and adenosine 5'-monophosphate. The membrane lesion was
      repaired by injection of dextran sulfate-treated cells into mice or by in vitro
      exposure to a heat-stable extract from ascites fluid. Reparied cells were no
      longer stained by erythrosin B and glycolyzed without added adenosine 5'
      monophosphate. The time course of repaire was separable into a rapid initial
      repair of the membrane lesion followed by a slower recovery of the normal
      intracellular ionic composition. Both phases were insensitive to inhibitors of
      protein synthesis. The repair activity of ascites fluid was heat stable and was
      composed of both dialyzable and nondialyzable factors. Incubation of dextran
      sulfate-treated cells with ascites fluid restored Rb+ uptake and abolished the
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate-stimulated Ca2+ uptake.

PMID- 975096
TI  - Effect of deoxyribonuclease on adriamycin-polynucleotide complexes.
AB  - Recent interest in the use of adriamycin-DNA complex as an approach to improve
      the therapeutic effectiveness and to reduce toxicity of adriamycin for cancer
      chemotherapy requires an in-depth understanding of the physicochemical and
      biochemical properties of such complexes. The interactions of adriamycin with
      single-strand polydeoxyribonucleotides, double-strand DNA, and double-strand
      ribodeoxyribopolynucleotide hybrids were therfore investigated. Association
      constants (Kapp) of adriamycin and polynucleotides were obtained. These data
      showed that the inherent variable in such complex lies in the composition of the
      polynucleotides. Alternate deoxyguanylate (dG)-deoxycytidylate (dC) sequence
      binds 7-fold better than alternate deoxyadenylate (dA)-deoxythymidylate (dT)
      sequence. Comparative studies of the hydrolysis of DNA duplexes by
      deoxyribonucleases I and II with and without adriamycin were also carried out.
      The rate of hydrolysis decreased in the order poly(dA-dT) greater than calf
      thymus DNA greater than poly(dG-dC) greater than poly(dA)-poly(dT) greater than
      poly(dG)-poly(dC) for DNase I and poly(dA)-dT) greater than calf thymus DNA
      greater than poly(dG-dC) greater than poly(dA)-poly(dT) greater than poly(dG)
      poly(dC) for DNase II. Intercalation of adriamycin to deoxyribopolynucleotide
      duplex resulted in inhibition of DNase II two to three times more than tat of
      DNase I. On the other hand, intercalation of adriamycin to
      homodeoxypolynucleotide duplex poly(dA)-poly(dT) and poly(dG)-poly(dC) enhanced
      the DNase I hydrolysis. If DNase I activity could be related to serum DNase and
      DNase II related to tumor lyososomal DNase as in the endocytosis mechanism
      proposed by Trouet et al. (Cancer Chemotherapy Rept., 59: 260, 1975), the best
      adriamycin carrier suggested by this investigation could be poly(dA)-poly(dT) and
      poly(dG-dC). It is also suggested in this study that adriamycin-RNA-DNA hybrid
      could be of interest as an antiviral agent by a similar release mechanism via
      RNase H, an enzyme associated with viral reverse transcriptase.

PMID- 975097
TI  - Molecular basis for programming in development. Introduction.

PMID- 975098
TI  - Potential regulatory roles for RNA in cellular development.
AB  - In addition to its widely accepted messenger and structural roles, RNA has been
      implicated in several other biological events: transfer of specificity of the
      immune response, interferon induction, and infection of plants by viroids. In
      none of these cases is the mechanism of RNA action understood. As a result of
      recent advances in the understanding of RNA metabolism in eukaryotic nuclei and
      potential specificity of nucleases that cleave such RNA, we have suggested
      specific ways in which "extra" RNA could be involved in regulation of the
      development of cells. A survey of literature concerning mammalian cell
      differentiation both in embryos and in the immune system leads to the observation
      that there appears to be a line of communication between macromolecules on cell
      surfaces and the genome. Making the conservative assumption that the DNA retains
      its integrity throughout development, it seems likely that highly specific
      signals are sometimes required to transfer information from outside the cell to
      the DNA,resulting in a change in state of differentiation. We propose a way in
      which RNA could be utilized in this process.

PMID- 975099
TI  - Selective control of DNA helix openings during gene regulation.
AB  - DNA helices must undergo openings in the form of localized strand separations in
      order to permit the onset of RNA synthesis or DNA synthesis. The selective
      control of such DNA helix openings at particular gene loci is the critical
      feature of gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

PMID- 975100
TI  - Continuity of a rabbit antigen between generations.
AB  - The rabbit uterine protein, blastokinin, is detectable as an antigen in both male
      and female genital tract tissues, in preimplantation embryos, and in lungs from
      late fetal stages, immatures, and adults. Thus, it serves as an example of how an
      antigen of normal tissue exists in a developmental progression from one
      generation to the next.

PMID- 975101
TI  - Activation of developmental genes in neoplastic transformation.
AB  - The view is advanced that it is important to fix the stage of development
      corresponding to the pattern of expression of oncodevelopmental proteins in
      neoplastic transformation and neoplasia. From a map of development focused on
      events beginning with the zygote and ending with the establishment of fetus and
      placenta, it is possible to explain why certain developmental gene products are
      restricted to fetus or placenta or distributed in both. It also suggests which
      products can be expected to be expressed concordantly in neoplastic
      transformation and in neoplasia.

PMID- 975102
TI  - Fetal growth modified by natural and induced changes in maternal reactivity.
AB  - Maternal immunological unresponsiveness has usually been demonstrated with adult
      tissue allografts. Experiments were first directed to the question of whether
      maternal reactivity to allogeneic conceptuses parallels that of implants of
      allogeneic tumor. BALB/c female mice parous by C3H males for one to eight litters
      and challenged with Tumor 70429 of C3h origin showed increasing unresponsiveness
      with multiparity. A high percentage of progressively growing tumors in highly
      multiparous females indicates that unresponsiveness does not give way to
      sensitization. The effects of multiparity on placental and fetal weights in
      BALB/c females pregnant by C3H males resulted in a continuing decrease in
      placental weight (indicative of unresponsiveness) through the third pregnancy,
      but this was followed by a contrasting progressive weight increase indicating
      sensitization with four or more pregnancises. Syngeneic placentas displayed a
      similar pattern suggesting that weight changes were not entirely alloantigen
      dependent and that fetus-specific antigens also alter maternal reactivity. The
      effects of specific and nonspecific maternal preimmunization and specific parity
      on placental weights were tested as follows. One group of BALB/c females was
      immunized against C3H (specific), a second was immunized against DBA/2
      (nonspecific), and a third was not immunized. Each of these groups was divided in
      half and mated to either C3H or DBA/2 males for a first litter; then all were
      mated to C3H for a second pregnancy. Placental weights were significantly smaller
      in females that had their first litter by C3H males. A similar experiment with
      BALB/c X C57BL F1 females resulted in fewer changes in placental weights. In all
      instances, maternal reactivity had its major effect upon placental rather than
      fetal weight. The effect of maternal unresponsiveness upon reproductive capacity
      was tested by mating BALB/c females to either DBA/2 POR C3H males for a first
      litter and then mating all females ot C3H males for a second litter. Second
      litters were significantly larger when first litters were also sired by C3H
      males.

PMID- 975103
TI  - The significance of embryonic reexpression in cancer.
AB  - Irradiated syngeneic mouse testicular cells and the first-trimester human fetal
      tissue cells protect mice partially against tumors induced by methylcholanthrene
      or against a syngeneic transplantable mouse tumor, Meth A, respectively. For
      future research it is suggested that experiments should have a therapeutic rather
      than a prophylactic design and that the induction of tolerance to fetal antigens
      could be a highly informative procedure.

PMID- 975104
TI  - Antigens associated with normal and malignant gastrointestinal tissues.
AB  - Immunization of hamsters with phenol-alcohol extracts of GW-39 human colonic
      tumor tissues has resulted in the identification of three gastrointestinal tissue
      associated antigens, on the basis of precipitin immunoreactivity. Sephadex G-200
      and Bio-Gel A-15m chromatography of normal colonic tissue and GW-39 tumor
      extracts revealed antigen immunoreactivity in the 46,000 (low-molecular-weight),
      170,000 to 900,000 (high-molecular-weight), and 5 to 10 million (very high
      molecular-weight) ranges or low-molecular-weight colon-specific antigen
      (LMW/CSA), high-molecular-weight colon-specific antigen (HMW/CSA), and very-high
      molecular-weight colon-specific antigen (VHMW/CSA), respectively. Immunodifussion
      reactions indicated that the HMW/CSA was human gastrointestinal tissue-specific,
      increasing in concentration from the esophagus to the colon [for which reason the
      term colon-specific antigen (CSA) has been retained], whereas the LMW/CSA was
      found in human gastrointestinal tissues, hamster and rat colon, human saliva, and
      normal human cervix. Colon-specific antigen (CSA) could be demonstrated in human
      gastrointestinal tumors, including the LS-174T colonic cancer cell line, but not
      in cancers of other sites tested. Likewise, CSA's were found in fetal human gut
      tissue. Whereas HMW/CSA and VHMW/CSA showed partial identity in immunodiffusion,
      HMW/CSA and VHMW/CSA, as well as LMW/CSA and VHMW/CSA, showed distinct
      immunoprecipitin bands, respectively. The immunoelectrophoretic mobility of
      VHMW/CSA was similar to an alpha-globulin, whereas HMW/CSA and LMW/CSA migrated
      to the prealbumin region. CSA appeared in immunofluorescence of GW-39 tumor cells
      and in the goblet cells of human colon predominantly as a cell-surface component.
      Staining with periodic acid-Schiff and solubility characteristics of the CSA's
      suggest that they are glycoprotein in nature. These studies thus support the view
      that organ-specific and organ-associated antigens of the colon can be maintained
      and expressed in human colonic carcinomas, including the xenografted GW-39 human
      colonic tumor system.

PMID- 975105
TI  - Fetal antigens in human leukemia.
AB  - Immunization of BALB/c male mice with human peripheral leukemic blasts
      effectively reduced the later formation of syngeneic fetal liver, but not bone
      marrow hematopoietic colonies in the spleen when these mice were lethally
      irradiated and challenged i.v. Fetal antigen was detected in 6 of 6 lymphocytic
      leukemic patients and in 4 or 8 myelocytic leukemia patients and was correlated
      with low cellular levels of sialic acid. A rabbit antiserum ot BALB/c 15-day
      fetal liver cells labeled only 0 to 2% of normal donor peripheral leukocytes in
      indirect immunofluorescence but reacted with 10 to 21% of leukemic peripheral
      blasts. Active disease bone marrow on the same patients gave 7 to 40% fluorescent
      cells. Two remission bone marrow smaples were negative and 1 had 44% fluorescent
      cells. Using this antiserum coupled to sepharose, affinity column separation of
      KCl extracts from mouse and human fetal liver and from chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia has produced 4 common protein bands (identifiable on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis).

PMID- 975106
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin in human neoplastic cells.
AB  - Peroxidase-labeled antibody against the beta chain of human chorionic
      gonadotropin was used to demonstrate that 25 human malignant tumors contained
      this antigen. The antigen was localized both in the cytoplasm and on the surface
      of the malignant cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin may be responsible for both
      selective maternal immuno-suppression by fetal tissue and host immunosuppression
      by tumors.

PMID- 975107
TI  - Physical characterization and structural studies of the carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - Knowledge of the structure of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is essential if we
      are to understand the relationship of this molecule to similar, possibly cross
      reacting, molecules present in nonmalignant states. Electron microscopy shows
      that at neutral pH, CEA particles consist of homogeneous, morphologically
      distinctive, twisted rod-shaped particles, about 9 X 40 nm. The carbohydrate
      structure of CEA has been studied by periodate oxidation. All the N
      acetylneuraminic acid and fucose and a portion of the galactose and mannose were
      destroyed by the first periodate treatment without altering immunological
      activity. N-Acetylneuraminic acid was shown to be linked to galactose since its
      prior removal with neuraminidase led to an equivalent increased destruction of
      galactose by one treatment with periodate. Significantly, even after 100% of the
      fucose and N-acetylneuraminic acid, 75% of the galactose, and 50% of the N
      acetylglucosamine and mannose were destroyed by serial periodate oxidation (Smith
      degradation), the remaining portion of the CEA molecule lost no more antigenic
      activity than did control samples where periodate was omitted. No carbohydrate
      was lost or destroyed in the control reaction.

PMID- 975108
TI  - Immunochemical studies on carcinoembryonic antigen-reactive glycoproteins from
      carcinomas of the colon and breast separated by concanavalin A affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - Analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CE)-reactive glycoproteins from liver
      metastasis of primary colon and breast tumors and from primary breast tumors has
      been carried out by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose.
      Three CEA-reactive glycoproteins from colon tumors (liver metastasis) with
      different binding capacity to Con A have been separated and further purified by
      gel filtration. Of the 3 CEA-reactive glycoproteins, 1 of them did not bind to
      Con A. Both Con A-binding and nonbinding CEA-reactive glycoproteins were
      immunologically indistinguishable when tested with a reference goat anti-CEA
      (ACE, 67-70; Dr. C.W. Todd and Dr. M.L. Egan), as well as with a variety of
      rabbit anti-CEA and anti-CEA (nonbinding) prepared in this laboratory.
      Carbohydrate analysis showed that mannose content of different purified CEA
      preparations or nonbinding CEA did not differ appreciably. N-Acetylglucosamine
      content of purified CEA preparations, however, varied considerably, suggesting
      that this sugar may impart the specificity of binding of CEA to Con A. The
      purified CEA preparations differed in their ability to inhibit the binding of
      125l-labeled CEA to goat anti-CEA. One of the purified CEA preparations had 3- to
      8-fold greater inhibitory capacity when compared to other preparations and shared
      a partial identity with a glycoprotein present in the extracts of fetal colon.
      The glycoprotein extracts of primary breast tumors did not contain a CEA that was
      immunologically identical to CEA present in colon tumors, whereas the liver
      metastasis of primary breast tumors showed several CEA-reactive glycoproteins as
      judged by radioimmunoassay. However, these CEA-reactive glycoproteins did not
      have any antigenic relationship with CEA from colon tumors when tested by double
      diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. In conclusion, when Con A affinity
      chromatography of tumor glycoproteins is carried out under defined conditions and
      with the use of appropriate antisera, it is possible to delineate the presence or
      absence of CEA in tumors of nonentodermal origin.

PMID- 975109
TI  - Biochemical changes in premalignant intestines.
AB  - The immunological properties of thymidine kinase from a variety of human tumors
      suggest that the form of the tumor enzyme resembles that found in the placenta
      and in the nondividing colonic flat mucosa. To examine the placenta-like
      characteristics of tumor thymidine kinase, the jejunum and colon from rats
      ranging in age from fetal to old and from animals treated with dimethylhydrazine
      (DMH), an intestinal carcinogen, have been studied. In normal jejunum, thymidine
      kinase activity decreased rapidly with age. Both the activity and the response to
      phospholipase C and to mercaptans in DMH-induced tumors resembled that of fetal
      gut, while those in abnormal appearing DMH-treated jejunum were intermediate
      between normal control of the same age and tumor. Similar but less pronounced
      changes were seen in the colon. In the jejunum, the level of another enzyme
      normally associated with rapid cell division, ornithine decarboxylase, was found
      to be over 100 times that of the liver, colon, and stomach. Treatment of the
      animals with acetylaminofluorene and with DMH resulted in elevated levels of the
      enzyme in liver and in colon, respectively, but had little effect on this enzyme
      in other tissues. The data presented indicate that there were premalignant
      changes in the levels of both of these enzymes in target tissues of animals
      treated with carcinogens.

PMID- 975110
TI  - Expression of early fetal antigens on transformed mouse cells.
AB  - We have used immunoprecipitation of radioactivity from labeled cell membrane
      preparations to study further the association between the histocompatibility-2 (H
      2) peptides and a tumor-associated embryonic antigen (Ag I) on the surface of L
      cells. Since earlier studies had shown that Ag I and H-2 co-cap on L-cells, the
      present study was initiated to test the hypothesis that Ag I presents an altered
      H-2 peptide expressed on transformed cells. Indeed, sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis of Ag I shows two major peaks at approximately 110,000 and 40,000
      daltons, the latter co-migrating with the major H-2 peptide. However, further
      analysis using sequential immunoprecipitation indicates that the molecules
      reacting with antisera to H-2 and to Ag I are separate entities, precipitating
      independently of one another. This has led us to postulate that Ag I and H-2
      participate in a unique kind of association in the cell membrane, that is, that
      the bonds between them which allow them to co-cap may be in the lipid bilayer
      itself, and that these bonds are distrupted upon solubilization of the membrane.

PMID- 975111
TI  - The isolation and characterization of tumor-specific antigens of rodent and human
      tumors.
AB  - Putative tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) from both a carcinogen
      induced rodent tumor (MC-1) and 2 human tumors were purified. The antigens were
      solubilized from the tumor cell membranes by limited papain digestion in a manner
      similar to that described for the isolation of normal histocompatibility
      antigens. The antitumor immune response of the tumor-bearing host was used to
      monitor the purification of the putative TSTA in both the rodent and human tumor
      systems. In the case of the rodent tumor, a major step in the purification of the
      TSTA involved affinity chromatography on Sepharose beads coupled to autologous
      antitumor antiserum. A comparable procedure was utilized in the purification of
      the TSTA from human tumors by using affinity chromatography on anti-human beta2
      microglobulin antiserum coupled to a solid phase. The data obtained indicate that
      the TSTA of human tumors contains a beta2-microglobulin chain that is
      immunochemically identical with, and very similar in size to, that found in
      normal human histocompatibility antigens. A subunit of similar size was also
      identified in the carcinogen-induced rodent tumor. These results suggest that the
      TSTA in both humans and rodents may well be altered histocompatibility antigens.

PMID- 975112
TI  - Cell surface alterations on colon adenocarcinoma cells.
AB  - By the use of five independent techniques, cell surface alterations distinctive
      of malignant as compared to normal colon cells were detected on in vivo surgical
      specimens and on cultured cell lines established in our laboratory. The findings,
      which were distinctive of the malignant as compared to the normal cell included:
      (a) polymorphism of surface microvilli on scan electron microscopy; (b) decreased
      susceptibility to infection with vaccinia and reovirus, but not to herpes, adeno-
      or echovirus: (c) production of large quantities of carcinoembryonic antigen; (d)
      presence of specific membrane proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel analysis of plasma membranes purified from cell homogenates by
      ultracentrifugation in polyethylene glycol-dextran partitions; and (e) reaction
      with specific, cytotoxic, rabbit heteroantisera. Solubilized extracts of the
      malignant cells formed precipitin lines with the heteroantisera, suggesting that
      the distinctive antigens could be released from the cell surface. These results
      suggest that human colon carcinomas bear tumor-distinctive proteins and offer the
      prospect of specific immunodiagnostic reagents and immunotherapeutic tools.

PMID- 975113
TI  - Angiogenesis induction by tumors, embryonic tissues, and lymphocytes.
AB  - Although it is well established that tumors can induce endothelial cell mitosis
      and angiogenesis leading to extensive neovascularization, little is known
      concerning the spectrum of normal cells or tissues that may have similar
      inductive capabilities. A variety of developmentally active tissues were tested:
      mouse embryonic organ rudiments, mouse and rabbit trophoblast and placenta, and
      blastemal fragments obtained from regnerating deer antlers. Assays for
      angiogenesis included grafts made to the chorioallantoic membrane of chick
      embryos and grafts placed intracorneally in adult rabbit eyes. Virtually all of
      these test tissues were negative, the only  exceptions being some antler grafts
      and some grafts obtained from metanephric tubules of the embryonic mouse kidney.

PMID- 975114
TI  - Cell cycle dependency of tumor antigens.
AB  - There is now substantial evidence that suggests that tumor antigen expression is
      cell cycle dependent. This information has been obtained from a wide variety of
      tumor systems. The G1 phase of the cell cycle has been implicated by a number of
      investigators as the point of maximal antigen appearance. In this presentation,
      we are concerned with a human sarcoma-associated tumor antigen and its cell cycle
      dependent appearance. Sarcoma-associated tumor antigen is a membrane antigen
      present on cultured human neurosarcoma cells (T2-cells). Although the underlying
      mechanisms responsible for cell cycle-dependent expression are unclear, several
      possible interpretations are offered.

PMID- 975115
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella Type 1.

PMID- 975116
TI  - [Condensation of D-glycosamines with proteins].
AB  - 4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-alpha,beta-D-glucopyranosylamine (lactosylamine),
      beta-D-gluco-, alpha- and beta-D-galacto-, and beta-D-manno-pyranosylamines were
      bound to the carbodiimide-activated carboxyl groups of lysozyme. Of the 11 free
      carboxyl groups of the protein, approximately 3 were substituted by alpha,beta
      lactosylamine, and approximately 2 by the monohexosylamines. One of the 4
      glycopeptides isolated from the tryptic digest of the lysozyme-lactosylamine
      conjugate was identical to synthetic 1-N-L-leucinoyl-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl
      beta-D-glucopyranosylamine, indicating the substitution of the carboxyl group of
      the C-terminal leucine residue. The isolation of a glycopeptide containing the
      aspartic acid residue in position 117 indicates that the second alpha,beta
      lactosylamine residue is linked to the carboxyl group of this amino acid. Both of
      the 2 other glycopeptides contain the same free carboxyl groups (one glutamic and
      two aspartic acid residues in positions 35, 48, and 52, respectively). The third
      alpha,beta-lactosylamine residue seems to be linked to one of these carboxyl
      groups.

PMID- 975117
TI  - [Synthesis of an O-glycodipeptide by peptide chain elongation on the N-terminal
      end of a glycosylamino acid].

PMID- 975118
TI  - [Lengthening of the peptide chain at the C-terminal end of a glycosylamino acid].
AB  - An O-glycodipeptide was synthesized by lengthening the peptide chain on the C
      terminal side of a glycosylamino acid unit. N-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-O-(2,3,4,6
      tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-L-threonine o-nitrophenyl ester and
      pentachlorophenyl ester were condensed with glycine benzyl ester to give both the
      same glycodipeptide, [N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D
      glucopyranosyl)-L-threonyl]glycine benzyl ester (9). The two anomers, N
      (benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha- and beta-D-glucopyranosyl)
      L-threonine pentachlorophenyl ester were also prepared. 1H-N.m.r. studies
      ascertained the structure and anomeric configuration expected.

PMID- 975119
TI  - Synthesis of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside.

PMID- 975120
TI  - Characterization of the fragments obtained by enzymic and alkaline degradation of
      rice-bran proteoglycans.
AB  - Repeated digestion of the proteoglycan B from rice bran with Pronase and
      hemicellulase yielded two types of glycopeptides. The first group, obtained from
      the third enzymic digest, was a type of low molecular-weight glycopeptide and was
      fractionated into two subfractions by paper electrophoresis. The second group,
      obtained from the fourth enzymic digest, was a mixture of glycopeptides of
      relatively high molecular-weight and was fractionated into three subfractions by
      gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. Alkaline degradation of these glycopeptides or
      the intact proteoglycan A yielded a sugar-amino acid compound, whose structure
      was established as O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-hydroxyproline. These results
      indicate that the carbohydrate-protein linkage of the rice-bran proteoglycan is
      an O-glycosyl linkage between L-arabinose and hydroxyproline.

PMID- 975121
TI  - The limit dextrinase from malted sorghum (Sorghum vulgare).
AB  - A limit dextrinase, free from contaminating carbohydrases, has been purified from
      malted sorghum flour. The enzyme readily hydrolysed alpha-limit dextrins having
      maltosyl or maltotriosyl side-chains, pullulan, and amylopectin beta-limit
      dextrin. Glycogen beta-limit dextrin and amylopectin were more slowly hydrolysed,
      the detection of the hydrolysis of amylopectin being dependent on enzyme
      concentration. No significant debranching of glycogen could be detected.

PMID- 975122
TI  - Autonomic neural control of cardiac rhythm: the role of autonomic imbalance in
      the genesis of cardiac dysrhythmia.
AB  - Cardiac dysrhythmias result from abnormalities in rate, regularity, or sequence
      of cardiac activation, and because of direct actions of the autonomic nervous
      system upon each of these properties, imbalance in this system may play an
      important role in the genesis of cardiac dysrhythmia. A canine model has been
      developed in which the extrinsic innervation of the heart is ablated with the
      exception of the ventrolateral cardiac nerve. This nerve is distributed primarily
      to the inferior atrial, AV junctional, and ventricular tissues. Following
      recovery from surgery, the animal is placed on a treadmill and required to
      perform strenuous exercise. In all of six animals which sustained repeated
      exercise testing over periods of 4-12 months, dysrhythmias of varying
      complexities were elicited. None appeared in parallel experiments conducted in
      control or sham-operated animals. The dysrhythmias consisted of supraventricular,
      AV junctional, or ventricular tachycardias with occasional premature atrial or
      ventricular systoles. The dysrhythmias were not influenced by atropine but were
      generally controlled by propranolol.

PMID- 975123
TI  - Role of the nervous system in experimentally induced arrhythmias.
AB  - The purpose of our studies was to examine the role of the nervous system in
      arrhythmias produced by digitalis overdose and coronary artery occlusion in the
      cat. This was done by observing the effect of these arrhythmogenic procedures on
      cardiac efferent neural activity and then determining whether any observed
      alteration in neural activity contributed to the cardiac rhythm disturbances
      evoked by digitalis and coronary artery occlusion. Our data indicate that both
      procedures used to evoke arrhythmias activate each division of the autonomic
      nervous system. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system resulted in a
      deleterious effect on cardiac rhythm whereas activation of the parasympathetic
      nervous system, in general, resulted in a beneficial effect on cardiac rhythm.
      With coronary occlusion, the role exerted by the nervous system depended on the
      anatomic location of the involved myocardium. Studies directed at elucidating the
      mechanisms whereby the nervous system caused cardiac rhythm disturbances
      indicated that there may be an important difference between the antiarrhythmic
      efficacy of beta-adrenergic blockade and bilateral stellate ganglionectomy. The
      latter procedure proved to be a more effective way of removing deleterious
      sympathetic neural effects on the heart. In conclusion, our findings suggest that
      the development of new drugs for treating arrhythmias resulting from digitalis
      and coronary occlusion should be aimed at finding drugs that act to either
      depress central sympathetic outflow or enhance parasympathetic effects on the
      ventricle.

PMID- 975124
TI  - Neural basis for the genesis and control of digitalis arrhythmias.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ouabain associated with toxicity were studied in the cat
      and the guinea pig both in vivo and in vitro using ouabain-H3. After spinal cord
      transection a higher dose of ouabain was required to reach the lethal endpoint.
      This intervention also increased the myocardial and serum levels associated with
      toxicity were studied in the cat and the guinea pig both in vivo and in vitro
      using ouabain-H3. After spinal cord transection a higher dose of ouabain was
      required to reach the lethal endpoint. This intervention also increased the
      myocardial and serum levels associated with death. These findings were
      corroborated in experiments using digitoxin H3. In vitro, substantially higher
      ouabain tissue contents were associated with a lethal event. In addition, in cats
      and guinea pigs, the lethal myocardial ouabain content did not change when the
      infusion rate of ouabain was varied in vivo or the perfusate ouabain
      concentration was changed in vitro. In vivo, propranolol increases the myocardial
      ouabain content associated with death to in vitro levels. In vitro, the drugs
      prolongs the time to death by retarding the myocardial uptake of ouabain. These
      data suggest that the toxic effects of ouabain in the whole animal are largely
      neural and in the isolated heart, substantially myocardial.

PMID- 975125
TI  - Central nervous system control of cardiac rhythm.
AB  - Stimulation of sites in the midbrain reticular formation and in the posterior
      hypothalamus of the cat resulted in a large to modest rise of arterial pressure
      and the induction of cardiac dysrhythmias. Most frequently, these arrhythmias
      developed upon cessation of brain stem stimulation but also occurred during the
      stimulus period in 5 of 23 cats studied. The arrhythmias disappeared upon cooling
      and reappeared upon rewarming the vagus nerves. The ventricular dysrhythmias also
      were abolished by methylscopolamine, by bilateral vagatomy, or by extirpation of
      the stellate ganglia. Simultaneous stimulation of both distal end of the cut
      right vagus nerve and the decentralized right stellate ganglion caused
      arrhythmias similar to those observed after diencephalic stimulation. These data
      are interpreted to indicate that the cardiac arrhythmias evoked by brain stem
      stimulation result from the interplay of both sympathetic and parasympathetic
      influences on the heart. The response patterns of a population of medullary
      neurons activated by carotid sinus nerve stimulation were modified by condition
      stimuli to posterior hypothalamic sites. From studies on unit activity of brain
      stem areas known to participate in cardiovascular adjustment, a schema is
      proposed of hypothalamic-medulla interaction as a central mechanism that may
      account for the development of ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 975126
TI  - Persistence of a basal lamina-like structure following DOCA-induced myofibrillar
      degeneration in rats.
AB  - It is known that the myocardial necrosis of potassium depletion heals by
      reconstitution and not by scarring, when animals are replenished with potassium.
      In the course of studies on DOCA-induced myofibrillar degeneration, we found that
      a membrane-like structure persisted in the area where the disintegrating myofiber
      was being removed by macrophages. This structure resembled the basal lamina, and
      enclosed a space in which macrophages with phagosomes containing disintegrating
      myofibral constituents were seen in association with undifferentiated cells. We
      postulate that this basal lamina-like structure along with the undifferentiated
      cells, play a role in the reconstitution of the myocardium during the stage of
      potassium repletion, and that the scaffolding by basal lamina may be effective in
      myocardial reconstitution.

PMID- 975127
TI  - Familial cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Over three generations, several members of a family suffered from cardiomyopathy
      exhibiting, primarily, rhythm and conduction disturbances and, eventually,
      congestive heart failure. Certain serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, LDH) were elevated.
      The clinical examination indicated a progressive deterioration with increasing
      age of the patients, a more serious course in the male members of the family, and
      the frequent association of mental retardation.

PMID- 975128
TI  - Changes in muscle blood flow and development of the arm following the Blalock
      Taussig anastomosis.
AB  - Muscle blood flow was studied in 28 patients after Blalock-Taussig anastomosis
      using the radioactive xenon clearance method. Insignificant differences in blood
      flow between the arms were found at rest, but there was a highly significant
      lowering of the peak blood flow on the operated side. Peak blood flow values in
      the first years after the anastomosis were close to the values in obliterative
      artery disease. The difference in maximum blood flow became less apparent beyond
      the first 5 years after the operation. A prolonged time of onset and duration of
      hyperemia after ischemic exercise were observed on the side of the operation.
      Statistically significant differences in circumference and length between the
      arms were measured and a lower strength of contraction of the affected hand was
      demonstrated. Abnormally low blood supply to muscles is thought to be responsible
      for the anatomical changes in the operated extremity.

PMID- 975129
TI  - Operant conditioning of heart rate in free-moving dogs.
AB  - The magnitude of changes in heart rate that could be induced by the operant
      conditioning of beat-to-beat intervals was determined. Shock avoidance methods
      were employed during 71 sessions conducted over 17 weeks in 3 free-moving mongrel
      dogs. Experimental periods during which conditioning was done alternated with
      baseline periods. Heart rate differences between baseline and experimental
      periods were used as indices of conditioning. Alterations in  heart rate were
      compared among four types of sessions: control, random shock, decrement
      conditioning and increment conditioning. Conditioned heart rate decrements
      averaged 3% while heart rate increments averaged 10%. Thus, operant conditioning
      carried out over prolonged periods of time resulted in relatively minor changes
      in heart rate.

PMID- 975130
TI  - Manifestation of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during isoprenaline infusion
      and carotid sinus massage.
AB  - In a patient with transient WPW syndrome the electrocardiographic pattern of
      preexcitation could repeatedly be induced by carotid sinus massage during
      isoprenaline infusion. Adrenergic and cholinergic discharge may favor the
      conduction of the impulse over an accessory nonfunctional A-V bundle.

PMID- 975131
TI  - Multifascicular block in cardiomyopathy. Incidence, localization by His bundle
      study and prognosis.
AB  - Of 70 patients with cardiomyopathy, nine (13%) had bifascicular block: right
      bundle branch block with left anterior hemiblock in four, right bundle branch
      block with left posterior hemiblock in two, and left bundle branch block with
      left anterior hemiblock in three. Isolated left bundle branch block was present
      in four, isolated left anterior hemiblock in 13, and isolated left posterior
      hemiblock in one. No isolated right bundle branch block was found. Five of the
      patients with bifascicular block were evaluated by His bundle electrocardiography
      and atrial pacing. Block in the His-Purkinje system (prolonged HV interval) was
      present in four and atrioventricular conduction (AH interval) was normal in all
      five. Despite a common prolongation in intraventricular conduction, short term
      prognosis seems to be favorable since: (1) none had spontaneous progression to
      more advanced block or experienced Stokes-Adams attacks for an average follow-up
      period of at least 42 months, and (2) with atrial pacing, one-to-one
      atrioventricular conduction persisted to rates up to 150/min in all patients with
      no further prolongation of HV interval.

PMID- 975132
TI  - Clinical utility of the simultaneous recording of heart and Korotkoff sounds.
AB  - Heart and arterial sounds and murmurs for a sequence of as many as 100 successive
      beats are recorded on a single print. The apparatus consists of a cathode ray
      oscilloscope, a Q-wave trigger to release the beam, a vertical axis which is
      connected to the blood pressure cuff, and an intensity modulation circuit which
      determines the intensity of the beam at each instant. This arrangement eliminates
      the baseline and thereby permits the display of low intensity acoustic signals.
      Data on normal subjects, and patients with various heart diseases are
      illustrated. Advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.

PMID- 975133
TI  - Abnormalities of supine hemodynamics in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 975134
TI  - Baroreceptor reflex function in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 975135
TI  - Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension: clinical spectrum and prognosis.

PMID- 975136
TI  - Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Pathophysiological observations with special
      reference to the renal handling of sodium.

PMID- 975137
TI  - [Standardization of orthostatic tests for examination of orthostatic regulation
      in children and adolescents].

PMID- 975138
TI  - Usefulness of noradrenaline and tyramine infusion tests in the diagnosis of
      orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 975139
TI  - Alterations in orthostatic tolerance after myocardial infarction and in
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 975140
TI  - [Relation between training status and orthostatic tolerance].
AB  - Investigations on orthostatic tolerance and physical fitness prior to and after 6
      8 h immersion experiments surprisingly revealed that all untrained subjects
      endured pre- and postimmersion tilt table tests without subjective complaints,
      whereas after immersion all trained participants collapsed within the first
      minutes of erect position displaying symptoms of a vasovagal syncope. Assuming
      that this impaired orthostatic tolerance of trained subjects can partially be
      referred to influences of an altered blood pressure control system we decided to
      record the blood pressure characteristics of both groups. Thereby, the transmural
      pressure of the carotid artery was changed by applying from outside either
      reduced or exceeding pressures. The controller sensitivity in the untrained group
      was almost twice as high as in the trained one. This implies a better regulatory
      response to disturbing interference in the untrained. Under normal conditions the
      controlling capacity of both groups is sufficient to cope with body position
      changes. However, during stress situations--in this case, reduction of
      aldosterone concentration as well as losses of plasma volume due to the 'Gauer
      Henry-Reflex'--blood pressure regulation first fails in the trained subjects.

PMID- 975141
TI  - Use of an elastic garment in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension.
AB  - The most common cause of orthostatic hypotension is poor postural adjustment. The
      most severe form of orthostatic hypotension is of unknown etiology; the primary
      disorder is a degeneration of the peripheral autonomic nervous system, resulting
      in a decrease in production of catecholamine. Physiologically, there is a failure
      of arteriolar and venous vasoconstriction and a lack of cardiac response, both in
      rate and in contractility to sympathetic stimulation. Total and central
      cardiopulmonary blood volumes are contracted. The application of hydrostatic
      counterpressure by the use of an elasticized garment is helpful in the management
      of orthostatic hypotension, especially when used with sodium-retaining steroids
      to increase intravascular volume.

PMID- 975142
TI  - Corticosteroids in the management of orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 975143
TI  - Pharmacological basis of the treatment of orthostatic disorders with ergot
      alkaloids.
AB  - Ergot alkaloids increase the tone of isolated canine vein strips dose-dependently
      in concentrations considerably lower than noradrenaline, but the maximal
      responses are only about one third of those to noradrenaline. This action can be
      blocked by prior administration of phentolamine. It is therefore concluded that
      the long-lasting stimulant action of ergot alkaloids on vascular smooth muscle is
      mediated mainly by alpha-adrenoceptors. Using the autoperfused hind limb of the
      cat, it has been shown that dihydroergotamine increases dose-dependently the tone
      of the capacitance vessels in a manner very similar to electrical stimulation of
      the sympathetic nerve with increasing frequencies. However, in contrast to
      sympathetic nerve stimulation, dihydroergotamine elicits only a very weak
      increase in arteriolar resistance.

PMID- 975144
TI  - [Effect of ergot alkaloids on venous tonus determined in superficial hand veins
      in situ].
AB  - The venoconstrictor effect of dihydroergotamine in man was demonstrated by
      Rieckert and Pauschinger in 1967. In a study on the influence of local infusions
      of dihydroergotamine into superficial hand veins in man we found a direct
      venoconstrictor effect of the drug. In further studies the effects of
      dihydroergotamine were compared with those of other dihydrogenated and non
      dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids and a dose-dependent venoconstrictor effect was
      observed after local infusion of dihydroergotamine, dihydroergostine,
      dihydroergovaline, ergotamine and methysergide into superficial hand veins in
      man. Dihydroergotamine was weight for weight somewhat less active than
      ergotamine. But as Mellander and Nordenfelt have shown that dihydroergotamine
      elicits only a weak effect on resistance vessels, this drug seems for the
      treatment of orthostatic hypotension to be preferable to ergotamine for which
      Owen and Sturmer have demonstrated a marked constriction of resistance vessels in
      the skin. Experiment with dihydroergotamine showed that the venoconstriction in
      these human veins is mainly due to alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation. As in the
      treatment of orthostatic hypotension drugs are usually given in oral form, the
      activity of dihydroergotamine was also investigated after oral administration and
      the venoconstrictor activity confirmed.

PMID- 975145
TI  - [Plasma noradrenaline concentration in orthostasis and after dihydroergotamine].

PMID- 975146
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of dihydroergotamine in orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 975147
TI  - Circulatory effects of dihydroergotamine in patients with disturbed sympathetic
      vasomotor control with special reference to postural hypotension.
AB  - In five patients with postural hypotension (disturbed sympathetic vasomotor
      control) the effect of intravenous and oral administration of dihydroergotamin
      (DHE) has been studied. The therapeutic effect of oral administration of DHE has
      also been compared to the effect of treatment with an antigravity suit. Following
      intravenous administration of DHE, systemic and central venous pressure increased
      in all cases. The effect on cardiac output was negligible and consequently the
      calculated total peripheral vascular resistance increased. Orthostatic tolerance
      increased in all cases. During long-term oral administration the effect was
      comparable to that obtained with an antigravity suit. The increased orthostatic
      tolerance is explained by a constrictive effect on both capacitance and
      resistance vessels. In order to analyze the influence of a functional denervation
      on the effect of DHE on peripheral circulation, a study has also been performed
      during epidural anaesthesia of the lower body in 11 patients. In the legs which
      were deprived of sympathetic tone intravenous administration of DHE caused
      constriction of resistance vessels. In the intact forearm there was a decrease of
      tone in the resistance vessels. The results indicate that DHE - apart from its
      well-known venoconstrictive effect - also may constrict resistance vessels when
      they are subjected to a low sympathetic nervous outflow.

PMID- 975148
TI  - Atherosclerotic human carotid sinus.

PMID- 975149
TI  - Neurogenic influences on blood pressure and vascular tone from peripheral
      receptors during muscular contraction.
AB  - In anesthetized dogs, contraction of the muscles of the thigh was elicited either
      by applying electrodes in the muscles or by stimulation of the spinal ventral
      roots. The carotid sinuses were isolated; the vagi and the depressor nerves cut.
      Rhythmic muscular contraction caused hypotension and vasodilatation; tetanic
      contraction caused hypertension and vasoconstriction. These responses are of
      reflexogenic origin: the afferent pathway is in the somatic nerves, the efferent
      pathway in the sympathetic nerves.

PMID- 975150
TI  - [Physiology of orthostatic regulation].
AB  - The arterial blood pressure is integrated into a feedback control system and
      practically depends on three parameters, i. e. blood volume, heart dynamics, and
      peripheral resistance. When circulation is disturbed in the orthostatic, the
      correcting elements heart and vessels have to adapt themselves according to this
      demand. By standing up, the hydrostatic pressure in the arterial vessels
      increases rapidly in the lower body regions. The initial increase of the
      hydrostatic pressure will be stopped by the valves in the venous system. By means
      of a higher arteriovenous pressure gradient the blood flow into the lower body
      regions increases more than 100%. The blood flow fills the venous system within 1
      2 min successively from downward to upward and opens the valves. The venous
      pressure in the feet can rise to the full hydrostatic value of 100 mm Hg. This
      change of pressure causes a volume increase of approximately 200 cm3 regarding
      both legs of healthy persons. In this way the circulatory blood quantity is
      reduced. The heart is able to put out shortly an increased cardiac output by
      loading off the central blood volume (lung and end-systolic volume), in order to
      compensate orthostatic demand. After a long upright position the cardiac output
      is falling under the starting value and heart frequency increases. By sympathetic
      stimulation the peripheral resistance increases as well.

PMID- 975151
TI  - [Orthostatic immediate regulation].
AB  - A series of well-known orthostatic tests were performed in order to substantiate
      complaints of patients in respect to blood volume drawn into both legs as an
      early orthostatic regulation. It could be shown that the blood volume pooled in
      the legs changed highly from test to test up to 250%. There was evidence that
      with increasing stagnating blood volume, there was not only an increase of
      arterial blood influx to the lower extremities, but a maximum of heart rate as
      well as reaction to the orthostatic stress. Under standardized conditions, 14
      orthostatically unstable subjects have been tested. 57% of them collapsed in the
      course of the tests. Following a 14-day administration of dihydroergotamine, the
      percentage of collapsing subjects was reduced to 7%. At the same time there was a
      decrease in the following simultaneously measured circulatory parameters as heart
      rate, mean arterial pressure and heart volume, especially in cases where these
      changes of parameters were significantly high at the beginning of the experiment.
      Suggestions are given when it is necessary to detect disturbance of early
      orthostatic regulation in patients subjected to orthostatic tests. The importance
      of the dicroty quotient of the arterial pulse as a diagnostic criterion is
      emphasized.

PMID- 975152
TI  - Autonomic influences and cardiac conduction in patients with sinus node disease.
AB  - 18 patients with sinus bradycardia (8 SB) and tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome
      (10 TBS) were investigated using various vagan reflex manoeuvres, atrial pacing
      (AP), pharmacological tests and His bundle (HB) recordings, to assess autonomic
      influences, sinus node function and atrioventricular (AV) conduction. Three types
      of responses (R) were defined as normal (N), supernormal (SN), poor autonomic
      (PA). Poor reflex responses to vagal manoeuvres, performed in 12 patients, have
      no statistical significance. MxCSRT at AP suppression was measured in 13
      patients: it was normal (less than or equal to 500 msec) in 8 and increased (from
      680 to 4,200 msec) in 5 patients with appearance of junctional escapes. Moreover,
      AP suppression revealed a sinoatrial block (SAB) in 1 patient with normal MxCSRT.
      Isoprenaline, administered intravenously (3-6 mug) in 9 patients, showed 4 NR, 3
      PAR und 2 SNR (unusual sinus tachycardia, 1; atrial fibrillation, 1). Atropine
      (0.5-1 mg), used in 15 patients, revealed 5 PAR and 1 SNR. Prostigmine (0.5 mg),
      used in 11 patients, induced 6 NR and 5 PAR. Lanatosid C (0.08 mg), administered
      in 16 patients, showed 10 NR, 5 PAR and 1 SNR. Finally, ajmaline (100 mg), given
      in 13 patients, revealed 5 junctional rhythms and one 2:1 SAB. HB recorded in 17
      patients showed an increase of AH interval (greater than 140 msec) in 5 patients
      and a slight increase (60 msec) of HV interval in 2 patients. Three patients
      developed 2nd-degree AV block at paced rates greater than or equal to 110/min.
      Abnormal responses at AP suppression and reduced drug responses were noted in 5
      patients suffering from Adam-Stokes attacks; a permanent pacemaker was inserted
      in 4 of these 5 patients. In conclusion, provocative tests, in 18 patients with
      SB or TBS, suggest a diffuse process disease involving the autonomic function of
      both sinus node and AV junction (11 patients) and the AV system (6 patients).
      These immediate results must be correlated with histological findings in the
      conduction system, as shown in one of our cases previously reported.

PMID- 975153
TI  - Future shock and medical research*.

PMID- 975154
TI  - Current initiatives of the National Heart and Lung Institute in cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 975155
TI  - Introduction to the volume on dedication of the National Heart and Blood Vessel
      Research and Demonstration Center.

PMID- 975156
TI  - The Center concept.

PMID- 975158
TI  - The status of cardiology in Britain and western Europe.

PMID- 975157
TI  - Developing a national capacity for controlling heart disease.

PMID- 975160
TI  - Cardiovascular disease in the U.S.S.R.

PMID- 975159
TI  - The function of myocardium and metabolism.

PMID- 975161
TI  - Current status and prospects of cardiovascular surgery in the U.S.S.R.

PMID- 975162
TI  - The role of surgery in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 975163
TI  - [Mesocain and heart rhythm disturbances (author's transl)].

PMID- 975164
TI  - [Effects of trimecaine on the cardiovascular system, myocardial function and
      arrhythmias in experimental myocardial infarction].

PMID- 975165
TI  - [Antiarhythmic effects of mesocain and possibilities of its preventive uses
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975166
TI  - [Prevention of primary ventricular fibrillation using mesocain in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

PMID- 975167
TI  - [Prophylactic application of mesocain in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction (author's transl)].

PMID- 975168
TI  - [Rational nutrition of the population in the Czech National Committee].

PMID- 975169
TI  - [Cardiovascular mortality during 3 years in relation to the initial values of
      plasma renin activity].

PMID- 975170
TI  - [Theoretical problems of hypertension therapy using a simple mathematical model
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975171
TI  - [Possibilities of glomerular filtration value estimation from endogenous
      creatinine plasma concentration (author's transl)].

PMID- 975172
TI  - [Screening of hepatitis B among blood donors by means of an indirect hepatitis b
      marker: Anti-HBbrno (author's transl)].

PMID- 975173
TI  - [Speleotherapy in Bystra and Gombasek Caves. Changes in some biochemical indices
      in patients with bronchial asthma and in controls (author's transl)].

PMID- 975174
TI  - [Haemolytic anaemia due to glucose-6-phosphatehydrogenase deficiency in a Slovak
      family (author's transl)].

PMID- 975175
TI  - [Oral cavity focal infection in blood diseases in reverse isolation in aseptic
      environment (author's transl)].

PMID- 975176
TI  - [Attitudes of students of Medical Faculty, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, to
      some factors of the educational instructional process (author's transl)].

PMID- 975178
TI  - [A contribution to the studies of elastic properties of vessels and to model
      simulation of pulsation flow in vascular tube (author's transl)].

PMID- 975177
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of pyridinolcarbamate effect on patients with obliterating
      atherosclerosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 975179
TI  - [Role of mitochondria in myocardial adaptation in laboratory rat (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975180
TI  - [Effect of vasodilatation infusion on central haemodynamics in patients with
      ischaemic disease of lower extremities (author's transl)].

PMID- 975181
TI  - [Dependence of post-infarction patients' difficulties on weather changes].

PMID- 975182
TI  - [The plasma renin concentration. Relation to Age and Duration of hypertension and
      its significance for the classification of patients with arterial hypertension].

PMID- 975183
TI  - [Automated control systems. Various philosophical and social aspects of their
      introduction into the health system].

PMID- 975184
TI  - [Molecular biology of some of the hereditary connective tissue disorders
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975185
TI  - [Determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin d in human plasma and its clinical
      significance (author's transl)].

PMID- 975186
TI  - [Cystoid radiocapacity in the acetabular roof and its clinical manifestations
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975187
TI  - [Secondary importance of hard living conditions for the development of ankylosing
      spondylarthritis].

PMID- 975188
TI  - [On the treatment of osteoporosis with high doses of sodium fluoride (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975189
TI  - [Temporary loss of HLA antigens in a healthy woman in connection with the
      menstrual cycle].

PMID- 975190
TI  - [Some protein metabolism changes in patients on long-term period after gastrotomy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975191
TI  - [Ulcerative colitis and pregnancy (author's transl)].

PMID- 975192
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography].

PMID- 975193
TI  - [Significance of splenectomy in primary bone marrow inhibition (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975194
TI  - [Manifestations in autoimmunity in chronic liver diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 975195
TI  - [Changes on the colon after myotomy and after resection for diverticulitis].

PMID- 975197
TI  - The 70th birthday of Prof. Herfort.

PMID- 975196
TI  - [Fibroscopy of the large intestine (author's transl)].

PMID- 975198
TI  - [Morphological and functional development of the stomach in children (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975199
TI  - [Heredity of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 975200
TI  - [Balance of magnesium loss from the digestive tract (author's transl)].

PMID- 975201
TI  - [Physical characteristics of hypospadi patients].

PMID- 975202
TI  - [Mental time and man's sixth sense (author's transl)].

PMID- 975203
TI  - Cell cycle kinetics in an in vitro tumor model.
AB  - Cell cycle kinetic parameters of multicell spheroids in vitro have been estimated
      using thymidine labeling techniques and autoradiography. Both the mitotic index
      and thymidine labeling index decreased in larger spheroids, whereas the duration
      of the cell cycle, as determined by two independent methods utilizing labeled
      mitoses or labeled cells, was essentially independent of spheroid size or age.
      These results suggest that the tumor-like growth exhibited by spheroids is the
      result of a decreasing growth fraction and a large apparent cell loss, rather
      than a general elongation of the cell cycle.

PMID- 975204
TI  - Inner enamel epithelium cell production rates.
AB  - Crowning of all four rat incisors slows down their eruption rate, leading to a
      diminution of cell production by the inner enamel epithelium (IEE). The
      production rate by 100 progenitor cells is dominated as production rate %. The
      normal IEE in rats weighing 200 g produces daily 67 cells %. In the crowned
      incisor this rate drops to 15 cells % while during accelerated eruption rate and
      IEE cell production rate remains unchanged and an eruption of 6-4 mum reflects a
      production of 1 cell % by the IEE. A method which relates labelled cell
      displacement along the IEE with its cell production rate is described and its
      applicability to other cell renewal systems discussed.

PMID- 975205
TI  - Kinetics of phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia.
AB  - The DNA synthesis pattern and several kinetic parameters of in vitro PHA
      stimulated normal and CLL lymphocytes were determined. The DNA synthesis peak of
      CLL lymphocytes occurred 2-3 days later than that of normal lymphocytes. The
      generation time, estimated by the labeled mitoses method, was found to be 28 hr
      and 20 hr for CLL and normal lymphocytes respectively. This difference was mainly
      due to longer S and G1 periods. It was also shown that both CLL and normal
      lymphocytes divide several times. These data were confirmed by the chromatid
      labeling pattern and by the halving of the grains and the double labeling
      techniques. By combining continuous and pulse labeling the growth fraction of CLL
      lymphocytes was found to be progressively increasing, because of the recruitment
      of new cells in cycle, from the third day of culture. Therefore the delayed peak
      of DNA synthesis of CLL lymphocytes was caused by a longer cell cycle and by a
      longer pre-replicative phase.

PMID- 975206
TI  - Effect of various doses of estrogen to BALB/cCrgl neonatal female mice on mammary
      growth and branching at 5 weeks of age.
AB  - High doses of 17beta-estradiol given newborn mice the first 5 days of life had no
      effect on mammary growth at 3 weeks of age whereas glands measured at 5 weeks of
      age displayed marked dose-dependent differences in area and branching. The number
      of duct branches increased significantly as the estrogen dose was raised from the
      25 mug threshold to 35 or to 70 mug. Ratios between area and branching remained
      constant under all experimental conditions. Regional, dose-dependent, differences
      in gland-pair response were also observed at 5 weeks. Mammary gland pairs
      differed significantly in several growth parameters. The third gland pair was
      smaller in area and had fewer branches, but the opposite was true of the second
      and fourth gland pairs. Systemic injection of high doses of 17beta-estradiol into
      neonates reduced differences in growth parameters between gland pairs.

PMID- 975207
TI  - Extracellular stimulation of epidermal DNA synthesis.
AB  - The removal of the topmost cell layers of the epidermal stratum corneum by
      stripping initiates a series of biochemical events which alters the normal
      homeostatic control of and results in the acceleration of the cell cycle in basal
      cells which are ten to twenty cell layers removed from the site of stripping. One
      measure of accelerated events is a stimulation of thymidine incorporation into
      epidermal DNA at time intervals following stripping. Two peaks of maximal
      stimulation occur between 12 and 24 hr and 48 and 54 hr after stripping.
      Stimulation of thymidine incorporation into epidermal DNA by limited stripping is
      a useful technique for studying the stripping-initiated signal at the stratum
      corneum and its subsequent translation at the proliferative cell receptor site.

PMID- 975208
TI  - Proliferation rate of haemopoietic stem cells after damage by several cytostatic
      agents.
AB  - The haemopoietic tissue of mice was damaged by different cell-cycle-stage
      specific and cell-cycle-stage non-specific cytostatic agents. The proliferation
      rate among the surviving pluripotential stem cells, i.e. those cells forming
      colonies in spleens of lethally irradiated mice (CFUs), was then investigated.
      The results suggest that, at least in the CFUs population, the cells which
      synthesize DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle inhibit the entry of the non
      proliferating GO cells into cell cycle. This evidence was based on the ability of
      three cytostatic agents, hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate,
      which are toxic specifically to the S phase cells to increase the proliferation
      in the CFUs population. This increase was quite out of proportion to the small
      amount of damage they caused to the population. Colchicine, which kills cells in
      mitosis, and ionizing irradiation, damaging cells in all stages, proved to be
      much weaker stimulators of proliferation. It has been suggested that a mechanism
      for the control of cellular proliferation might be based on the negative feedback
      in the cell cycle. In this feedback control loop the cells which are preparing
      for cell division in the S phase of the cell cycle inhibit the entry of the non
      proliferating GO cells into cell cycle.

PMID- 975209
TI  - Autoradiographic study of type II-cell hyperplasia in lungs of mice chronicall
      exposed to urethane.
AB  - Hyperplasia of pulmonary alveolar epithelium was induced by exposure of adult
      mice to 0-1% urethane in drinking water, and their lungs were analysed using
      combined autoradiographic and morphometric methods. The response of pulmonary
      epithelium showed three phases: an initial one of 3 weeks in which the number of
      type II cells was consistently low and, after a transient decrease in 3H
      thymidine labeling index, the latter steadily increased. Degenerating or dead
      type II cells were found, consequently this period was considered one in which
      cell death was disproportionately increased over cell production. Between the 3rd
      and 6th weeks the number of type II cells doubled, and thereafter increased at a
      slower rate. The 3H-thymidine labeling index reached its peak at 6 weeks. The
      third phase was marked by a decline in labeling index which returned to near
      normal levels by the 16th week. The number of type II cells declined slowly after
      the 10th week and was still elevated at the end of the observation period. Tumors
      consisting of type II cells continued to arise even during the period of
      declining labeling index. The dissociation between the proliferative response
      which was reversible, and the neoplastic response which was not, supports the
      assumption that the major part of the observed population growth or hyperplasia
      induced by urethane was a form of regeneration repair secondary to cell death and
      may be unrelated to tumor growth.

PMID- 975210
TI  - On the intrinsic innervation of normal rat liver. Histochemical and scanning
      electron microscopical studies.
AB  - With the Bodian method stained fibers were observed in the lobules of the rat
      liver and with the modified Karnovsky and Roots thiocholine method cholinesterase
      (presumably acetylcholinesterase (AChE))-positive nerve fibers were found in a
      pattern similar to that of the Bodian-stained fibers. The AChE-positive nerve
      fibers form a network in the liver lobules in close relation to hepatocytes and
      sinusoids. Fluorescent varicose nerve fibers demonstrated by the glyoxylic acid
      and Falck-Hillarp fluorescence methods were found only in the interlobular spaces
      associated with vessels. As no overlapping of distribution patterns of AChE
      positive nerve fibers and fluorescent nerve fibers occurs, the AChE activity of
      the nerves of the liver lobules probably reflects the associated presence of
      acetylcholine in the nerve fibers. In consequence we suggest that nerves of the
      liver lobules belong to the autonomic parasympathetic nervous system. SEM of
      liver tissue revealed light cords apparently situated in smooth-surfaced channels
      between adjacent hepatocytes and in the space of Disse, where fibers also cross
      sinusoids. We tentatively suggest that the cords of the SEM represent the AChE
      positive nerve fibers of our LM observations.

PMID- 975211
TI  - Localisation of proteins in coated micropinocytotic vesicles during transport
      across rabbit yolk sac endoderm.
AB  - Rabbit yolk sac splanchnopleur exposed in utero to IgG-HRP and IgG-ferritin
      conjugates, rabbit and bovine anti-HRP antibodies, free HRP, ferritin and human
      IgG, was examined ultrastructurally in an attempt to determine whether or not
      coated micropinocytotic vesicles are involved in selectively transporting
      immunoglobulins across yolk sac endodermal cells. Human, rabbit and bovine IgG
      HRP conjugates, rabbit anti-HRP antibodies, free HRP and human IgG, all become
      localised in coated micropinocytotic vesicles. Differences were observed in that
      only human IgG and rabbit anti-HRP antibodies could be located in the
      intercellular space and bovine IgG-HRP conjugate could not be detected in coated
      micropinocytotic vesicles in confluence with the lateral and basal plasmalemma.
      Bovine anti-HRP anti-bodies, IgG-ferritin conjugates, and free ferritin, could
      not be observed in coated micropinocytotic vesicles. All proteins were detected
      in macropinocytotic vesicles, and dense bodies resembling phagolysosomes. Results
      are discussed in the light of a proposal that selection occurs at the cell
      surface during formation of coated micropinocytotic vesicles and is not linked to
      intracellular proteolysis.

PMID- 975212
TI  - Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa and spermiogenesis in New Zealand freshwater
      eels (Anguillidae).
AB  - The spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of Anguilla australis schmidtii and
      A. dieffenbachii is described. During spermiogenesis the chromatin material
      condenses into the crescent-shaped head of the mature sperm. By elongation of the
      sperm head the mitochondrion is displaced to the anterior of the head remote from
      the posterior centriolar apparatus. A ciliary rootlet becomes segregated during
      spermiogenesis to form a membrane covered, striated, rod-like appendage. From the
      proximal centriole arise two sets of filaments, each containing three subfibrils.
      One group of five filaments extends anteriorly along the inner concave side of
      the head. A group of four modified filaments pass along the outer, convex, side.
      The middle subfibril B of each triplet in the group of four filaments is
      flattened and joins the two subfibrils A and B, forming a binocular shaped
      structure. The motile flagellum has a 9+0 axonemal pattern.

PMID- 975213
TI  - Structure and regeneration of the eyes of strombid gastropods.
AB  - The tips of the eyestalks of three species of strombid gastropods were amputated
      and the structure of the fully developed eye in investigated. The retina contains
      at least two types of cell: sensory cells bearing long tufts of microvilli with a
      central cytoplasmic core, and pigment cells with short microvilli. New eyes
      became visible at the tips of the eyestalk stump 5-16 days after amputation. When
      the regenerated eyes first appear, they consist of hollow balls of cells with a
      pigment lined cavity; two types of retinal cells are already distinguishable but
      their microvilli and cilia are small and sparse. The microvillous tufts and
      sensory cell contents develop quickly and about 14 days after their first
      appearance, the eye is a fully formed but miniature organ.

PMID- 975214
TI  - Freeze-etching observations on the characteristic arrangement of intramembranous
      particles in the apical plasma membrane of the thyroid follicular cell in TSH
      treated mice.
AB  - Thyroid glands of normal, TSH-treated and Thyradin (powdered thyroid)-treated
      mice were examined by means of the freeze-etching method. Intramembranous
      particles on the PF (= A face) face of the apical plasma membrane often form
      aggregates especially in TSH-treated mice. Each aggregate, about 200 nm in
      diameter, and consisting of 15-25 large particles, corresponds to a depression of
      the apical cytoplasm, and the particles sometimes form rosettes. Particle
      aggregates are very rare in the apical plasma membrane of the thyroid follicular
      cell of the Thyradin-treated animal. In the cytoplasm just beneath the particle
      aggregate no secretory granules, reabsorbed colloid droplets or other special
      structures are found. From these facts, the aggregate is considered closely
      related to an initial site for the micropinocytosis of the luminal colloid.

PMID- 975215
TI  - Gap junctions in hemodichorial and hemotrichorial placentae.
AB  - Gap junctions were found to be a constant feature of chorioallantoic placentae
      with two or three trophoblastic layers. The gap junctions connect layers I and II
      in hemodichorial and layers II and III in hemotrichorial placentae. Although the
      gap junctions vary in form and in the packing density of membrane-associated
      particles, they cover an extensive surface area in all species examined. The gap
      junctions always connect adjacent membranes of two trophoblastic layers, which
      show no evidence of micropinocytotic activity; at least one of these
      trophoblastic layers is syncytial. It is therefore concluded that the gap
      junctions play an important role in diaplacental transport. We consider that gap
      junctions act as molecular sieves, resulting in limitations in the transport of
      large molecules. The passage of small molecules, on the contrary, would be
      facilitated by the gap junctions.

PMID- 975216
TI  - Structure and function of prothoracic glands and oenocytes in embryos and last
      larval instars of Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (Insecta, Heteroptera).
AB  - 1. Active prothoracic glands and oenocytes of last larval stage are both
      characteristized by well-developed smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
      Prothoracic glands also show plasma membrane infoldings, but not oenocytes which
      contain a large number of pleomorphic vesicles. 2. The fine structure of
      embryonic oenocytes corresponds after blastokinesis with that of active larval
      and adult cells. Thus, an activity in the late embryo can be assumed. Embryonic
      prothoracic glands reveal no signs of activity: smooth and rough ER are absent.
      The subcellular structure resembles that of organ anlagen, i.e. not yet fully
      differentiated tissue. Hormone synthesis is not likely. 3. Ecdysone titer was
      determined throughout embryonic development and in mature adults. Although
      prothoracic glands break down during adult ecdysis, imagines contain in the
      Calliphora-bioassay active factors: females 0.9 CU/g and males 0.5 CU/g. As sites
      of synthesis the oenocytes are suggested. 4. A relatively high ecdysone titer of
      7 CU/g is measured in newly deposited eggs. The hormone is presumably of maternal
      origin. Subsequent to blastokinesis the hormone content increases dramatically up
      to about 180 CU/g, apparently due to endocrine function of the embryo. Oenocytes
      are proposed as the source of ecdysone during late embryonic development. 5. The
      function of ecdysone during early and advanced embryogenesis, especially in view
      of "embryonic molts", is discussed.

PMID- 975217
TI  - The first optic ganglion of the bee. II. Topographical relationships of the
      monopolar cells within and between cartridges.
AB  - The arrangement of first and second order neurons in an optic cartridge and the
      topographical relationships of the second order neurons within a cartridge and to
      groups of surrounding cartridges have been analyzed in the visual system of the
      bee, Apis mellifera, from light and electron microscope studies on Golgi
      preparations. At the level of the monopolar cell body layer, the nine retinula
      cell fibres of each ommatidium, the six short visual fibres arranged in a circle
      surrounding the three long visual fibres, become cartridges as a consequence of
      the appearance of the second order neurons (L-fibres) which join the R-fibre
      bundles. Two of the four different L-fibre types, L-1 and L-2, remain together in
      the centre of the cartridge throughout the lamina. The axons of the L-3 and L-4
      fibres, however, have their position integrated into the circle formed by the
      endings of the short visual fibres. On the basis of further examination of light
      and especially electron microscopical Golgi material, the different L-fibres can
      be classified into four types which appear in each cartridge. The clear
      stratification in the first synaptic region (A, B and C) seems to be the best
      criterion for a morphological classification since such a classification
      necessarily also includes a functional basis. According to a naming system based
      on the position of the lateral processes, L-fibres with side branches in strata
      A, B and C are called L-1 fibres. Fibres with lateral processes in strata A and B
      are L-2 fibres; monopolar cell fibres with branches only in the second stratum B
      are L-fibres of type 3; and all monopolar cells with branches only in stratum C
      are called L-4 fibres. In addition to the branching pattern covering only the
      parent cartridge, two of the four fibre types (L-2 and L-4) have long collaterals
      reaching neighbouring cartridges: L-2 in stratum A and L-4 in straum C. These
      collaterals presumably form a substrate for lateral interactions.

PMID- 975218
TI  - Fine structure of the corpus luteum of the autografted ovary in the rat.
AB  - The rat ovary has been transplanted successfully to subcutaneous tissue areas by
      several investigators. Light microscopy has revealed that corpora lutea in
      ovarian autografts are formed by luteinization of intact follicles and contain
      entrapped ova. In the present study, corpora lutea from autografted ovaries in
      castrate rats were obtained at metestrus and examined electron microscopically to
      determine whether their cellular morphology correlated with the normal
      progesterone levels in these animals. Cellular features usually accepted as
      regressive were apparent. The findings suggest either structural luteolysis is
      occurring before functional luteolysis or that the adrenal has increased
      steroidogenic activity in the castrate with ovarian autografts to account for the
      normal progesterone levels.

PMID- 975219
TI  - Fine structure of nerve-melanophore contacts in the angelfish Pterophyllum
      scalare.
AB  - Contacts between small unmyelinated nerve fibres and dermal melanophores of the
      angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare, exhibit several features characteristic of
      synapses, including small synpatic vesicles and dense core vesicles, a narrow
      synaptic cleft, electron-dense material at the postsynaptic membrane (cell
      membrane of the melanophore) and, occasionally, presynaptic densities. An
      analysis of serial thin sections shows that the synapses described here represent
      varicosities of an otherwise more or less straight nerve fibre. A single axon
      thereby may form several en passant synapses with a single melanophore. It is
      suggested that the synaptic contacts described here not only represent sites of
      transmitter release but also play a role as sites of firm attachment between
      nerves and melanophores which guarantee a stable arrangement of nerve fibres and
      melanophores.

PMID- 975220
TI  - Shell attachment in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.)
AB  - The attachment of the body of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis to the shell was
      studied by histochemistry and light and electron microscopy. Muscles of the body
      wall insert into the connective tissue by way of long thin projections of
      sarcolemma. The muscle cells end under the basement membrane of a specialised
      area of the epidermis, the adhesive epithelium. The cells of this epithelium are
      filled with microfilaments and possess characteristic knob-like microvilli. The
      epithelium is attached to the sheel by way of an adhesive substance containing
      proteins and mucopolysaccharides.

PMID- 975221
TI  - Direct innervation of the mantle edge gland by neurosecretory axons in Helisoma
      duryi (Mollusca: Pulmonata).
AB  - The mantle edge gland of Helisoma duryi is innervated by neurosecretory axons
      from the pallial nerves. Synaptoid contacts occur between axons and gland cells,
      and there is ultrastructural evidence for the release of neurosecretory material.
      The mantle edge gland contributes to the deposition of periostracum during shell
      formation, and direct neurosecretory innervation may control shell growth and
      regeneration.

PMID- 975222
TI  - Myelinated synapse-bearing cell bodies in the central nervous system of
      Scyliorhinus canicula (L.)
AB  - Some neurons of the anterior lateral-line lobe of dogfish (Scyliorhinus) have
      synapse-bearing perikarya enclosed by layers of compact myelin. The identity of
      these cells, which have myelinated axons and unmyelinated, synapse-bearing
      dendrites, is unknown.

PMID- 975223
TI  - Effect of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) on glycoprotein secretion from
      mouse gallbladder epithelium: an ultrastructural and cytochemical study.
AB  - Structural changes in the gallbladder epithelial cells of the mouse were studied
      following in vivo and in vitro stimulation of the gallbladder with the
      gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ). Signs of
      increased secretory activity were observed within the first 2-3 min after hormone
      administration. At the ultrastructural level, best visualized with the PA-CrA
      silver technique, granule discharge was observed, as was an overall increase in
      size of the granules. After prolonged in vitro incubation or repeated in vivo
      stimulation, there was an almost total depletion of secretory granules. This
      phenomenon is accompanied by an enhanced uptake of extracellular thorium dioxide
      by endocytotic vesicles at the apical cell surface. An exocytosis-endocytosis
      coupling mechanism may be important for membrane conservation in the gallbladder
      epithelial cells. The findings establish that the hormone CCK-PZ stimulates the
      secretion of glycoproteins from the mouse gallbladder epithelium.

PMID- 975224
TI  - Thyroid gland in dwarf mice: a stereological study.
AB  - Stereological methods were used to compare thyroids of dwarf mice and of their
      heterozygote littermates. In the thyroid of dwarf mice unorganized cellular
      masses, adipous tissue and ultimobranchial cysts are abundant. Follicles are
      small and their distribution function is unimodal. The number of cells per
      follicle is considerably lowered if compared with the normal. In control mice the
      distribution function of thyroid follicles is bimodal. These data show that
      origin of the thyroid anomaly in dwarf mice is due to a drastic diminution of
      cell divisions, probably resulting from the lack of growth hormone.

PMID- 975225
TI  - Estrogen dependent ciliogenesis in the chick oviduct.
AB  - Both the hormone dependency and the morphological details of estrogen-dependent
      ciliogenesis in the shell gland of the chick oviduct were investigated.
      Ciliogenesis was initiated on day 3 of estrogen treatment, and progressively more
      cells became differentiated until, on day 10, approximately 55% ciliation
      occurred with 17 beta-estradiol (1 mg/day) and approximately 75% ciliation
      occurred with diethylstilbestrol (1 mg/day). Simultaneous administration of
      progesterone with diethylstilbestrol (1 mg each/day for 10 days) caused a 50%
      depression in the number of ciliated cells on day 10. The rate of ciliogenesis
      was found to be affected by progesterone and the type of estrogen administered.
      The minimum stimulatory dose of estradiol was found to be between 0.01 mg/day and
      0.05 mg/day. Ciliogenic cells were first recognized by the appearance of pro
      basal bodies in the apical portion of the cell. Pro-basal body maturation and
      cilium formation were the same as those described for the chick trachea.
      Ciliogenesis in the chick was found to be homologous to estrogen-dependent
      ciliogenesis in various mammalian oviducts.

PMID- 975226
TI  - The subacrosomal granule and its evolution during spermiogenesis in a lizard.
      Observations about the acrosomal fringe and the spermatid-sertoli cell
      relationship.
AB  - Some aspects of spermiogenesis have been studied in the testis of the teiid
      lizard Cnemidophorus lemniscatus lemniscatus by electron microscopy. Shortly
      after the acrosomal vesicle is lodged in a nuclear concavity of the spermatid, a
      dense granule differentiates in the center of the subacrosomal space. It is cone
      shaped and shows a longitudinal striation. Its base applies to the acrosomal
      membrane and, through this, to the acrosomal granule. Its rounded vertex causes a
      depression of the nuclear membranes which, initially juxtaposed, separates at
      this point to form a vesicle. The granule develops and becomes a rod when
      spermiogenesis is advanced and the subacrosomal space has taken the form of a
      secondary cap. The rod is cylindrical, retains its original striation and has a
      convex acrosomal end. It encloses the vesicle formed by the nuclear envelope in
      its base and follows the apex of the nucleus. Meanwhile, the acrosomal granule
      loses its identity and the acrosomal cap is filled with a dense substance, in
      which a fringe of translucent material differentiates. This fringe lies in the
      dorsal and apical margins of the acrosome and is incompletely divided by
      longitudinal crests of the dense acrosomal substance. A projection of the Sertoli
      cell forms an accessory cap which envelops the acrosome and is in turn covered by
      the cytoplasm of the spermatid, constituting an intricate association. Two reflex
      membranes underlie the plasmalemma in the outer surface of the projection of the
      Sertoli cell. They are continuous with one another at their ends and with the
      cell membrane in the edge of pores. In the peripheral cytoplasm of the spermatid
      facing the accessory cap, numerous microtubules run longitudinally. By means of
      thin membranes some are interconnected or connected with the plasmalemma, from
      which they seem to originate.

PMID- 975227
TI  - Differences in black pigmentation in lepidopteran cuticles as revealed by light
      and electron microscopy.
AB  - Black cuticles of larvae and pupae from various Lepidoptera were studied by light
      and electron microscopy. There are striking differences in the representation of
      black pigmentation, especially at the ultrastructural level. Two types may be
      described: 1. With the light microscope black melanin-like grana, electron-dense
      electron microscopically, are found in the distal parts of the exocuticle. This
      type is demonstrated in larvae of Celerio euphorbiae, Papilio machaon, and
      Phalera bucephala. 2. With the light microscope, a dark homogeneous layer in the
      distal exocuticle can be recognized, however, electron microscopically no
      structures correlated with this dark pigment layer. This type of pigmentation was
      present in pupae of Pieris brassicae and Aglais urticae; in Pieris larvae the
      dark pigmented layer appeared to be limited to the epicuticle. In Celerio
      processes of the epidermal cells are involved in transporting precursors to the
      exocuticle. The conclusion was reached that black pigmentation in cuticles is
      based on different mechanisms as proposed by structural features. The two likely
      mechanisms are melanization and sclerotization.

PMID- 975228
TI  - Fine structure of the ocellus of the cabbage looper moth (Trichoplusia ni).
AB  - The dorsal ocelli of adult cabbage looper moths were studied by light microscopy,
      and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each ocellus has a cuticular
      lens located on the distal end of a cuticular cone which encapsulates the
      receptor cells. There are two distinct types of receptor cells in the ocellus.
      Seventy large receptor cells from plate-like rhabdoms with several adjacent cells
      to produce a rhabdom network in the ocellus. Proximally ninety small receptor
      cells which have a disorganized microvillar rhabdomere are located at the base of
      the rhabdoms formed by the large cells. Extensive areas of gap junctions which
      occur between the rhabdoms and the membranes of large and small cells suggest
      that the cells may be electrically coupled to one another. Axons from both large
      and small receptor cells leave the base of the ocellus and extend to the
      protocerebrum to synapse with second order neurons.

PMID- 975229
TI  - Manganese in the shell of Centropyxis (Rhizopodea: Protozoa).
AB  - The proteinaceous shells of Centropyxis hirsuta contain a relatively high
      concentration of manganese in an amorphous state. The concentrations of manganese
      fill the alveoli which are characteristic of the shell structure. Observations
      based on cultured animals and subsequently examined by X-ray diffraction, a solid
      state energy dispersive X-ray analyser, and an analytical electron microscope,
      lead to the conclusions that manganese is selectively absorbed by Centropyxis
      hirsuta and deposited in the shell.

PMID- 975230
TI  - Hodgkins disease: the relationship of histology and staging to treatment and
      prognosis.

PMID- 975232
TI  - Renal involvement in patients with hepato-splenic schistosomiasis mansoni.

PMID- 975231
TI  - African labour conditions and health in the Southern Rhodesian mining industry,
      1898-1953. Part three: Health.

PMID- 975233
TI  - Fit to live.

PMID- 975234
TI  - My will is in order -- is yours?

PMID- 975235
TI  - A case of large keloid of the neck in an African patient.

PMID- 975236
TI  - Characterization of the 5' termini of hn RNA in mouse L cells: implications for
      processing and cap formation.
AB  - An analysis of the phosphorylated and capped 5' termini of the heterogenous
      nuclear RNA of mouse L cells has revealed four types of structure: pppXp...,
      ppXp..., pXp..., and m7/GpppXmp.... The 5'triphosphate termini consists
      exclusively of pppGp... and pppAp..., whereas a large proportion of the 5'
      monophosphate termini are pUp.... The 5'diphosphate termini contain all four
      species of nucleotide in relative proportions that are roughly similar to those
      found at the Xm position of cap structures. These results indicate that
      initiation of hnRNA transcription occurre exclusively with purine nucleotides,
      and consequently that the hnRNA molecules containing pyrimidines at the 5'
      termini very probably arise by cleavages at internal sites of larger primary
      transcripts. Taken together with previous results relating cap structures of
      hnRNA and mRNA, the data favor a model in which some mRNA sequences are located
      at transcriptionally initiated proportions and others in internal regions of
      their precursors. According to this model, both the mRNA segments derived from
      initial 5' end, and those derived by cleavage at internal sites could be
      converted to diphosphate-terminated derivatives, which then condense with GTP to
      form cap structures according to the mechanism previously described for vaccinia
      and reovirus mRNA.

PMID- 975237
TI  - Comparative organization of active transcription units in Oncopeltus fasciatus.
AB  - We have analyzed electron micrographs of chromatin-associated fiber arrays from
      embryos of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. The analysis has revealed that
      the arrays have highly ordered patterns of fiber spacings and lengths. These
      patterns support the interpretation that the fibers are nascent RNA with
      associated proteins (RNP fibers) which have resulted from transcription of the
      DNA in the underlying chromatin segment. In particular, the patterns indicate
      that the chromatin underlying each array is delimited by specific sites for
      initiation and termination of transcription. We apply the term transcription unit
      to a chromatin segment thus bounded. The analysis has further revealed that
      transcription units can be grouped into two principal classes--ribosomal and
      nonribosomal. Active transcription units of these two classes differ in DNA
      content, in their proximity to other active transcription units, and in their
      chromatin morphology. For certain developmental stages, fiber frequencies (that
      is, the nubmers of fibers per mum of chromatin) are also useful in distinguishing
      ribosomal from nonribosomal arrays. The most definitive of the above
      classification criteria is chromatin morphology as observed under our preparative
      conditions. We propose that term rho chromatin for the unbeaded or smooth
      chromatin that underlies nascent ribosomal RNP fibers. DNA in rho chromatin has a
      calculated packing ratio of approximately 1.2 mum of B structure DNA per mum of
      chromatin. Nu chromatin is used to designate the beaded chromatin for which we
      calculate a DNA packing ratio of 1.6-2.3 in our preparations. This calculation
      for nu chromatin is based on the inference that the beads are nucleosomes (nu
      bodies, PS particles, unit particles). The beaded morphology is observed between
      fibers of nonribosomal transcription unit as well as for most fiber-free
      chromatin. The detection of specific sites of transcriptional initiation and
      termination and the classification of transcription units can provide a basis for
      further analysis of transcriptional control.

PMID- 975238
TI  - Induction of microtubule protein synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardi during
      flagellar regeneration.
AB  - Flagellar regeneration in gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardi is initiated within
      15-20 min after flagellar amputation and proceeds at a rapid but decelerating
      rate until by 90 min flagellar outgrowth in 80-85% complete. Sufficient flagellar
      protein reserves exist in the cytoplasm to allow regeneration of flagella 1/3-1/2
      normal length. Nevertheless, in vivo labeling with 14C-amino acids shows that
      microtubule protein and other flagellar proteins are synthesized de novo during
      flagellar regeneration. To determine whether tubulin is synthesized continuously
      by gametic cells or whether its synthesis is induced as a consequence of
      deflagellation, we have isolated polyribosomes from deflagellated and control
      cells, and analyzed the proteins produced by these polyribosomes during in vitro
      translation. Two proteins of 53,000 and 56,000 molecular weight which co-migrate
      with flagellar and chick brain tubulin on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and which
      selectively co-assemble with chick brain tubulin during in vitro microtubule
      assembly are synthesized by polyribosomes (or polyadenylated mRNA) from
      deflagellated cells. No microtubule proteins can be detected in the translation
      products synthesized by polyribosomes (or mRNA) from control cells, clearly
      indicating that deflagellation results in the induction ot tubulin synthesis.
      Kinetics of tubulin synthesis demonstrate that induction takes place immediately
      after deflagellation; polyribosomes bearing tubulin mRNA can be detected in the
      cytoplasm in as little as 15 min after removal of flagella. Maximal rates of
      tubulin synthesis occur between 45 and 90 min after deflagellation when
      approximately 14% of the protein being synthesized by the cell is tubulin. This
      estimate of tubulin synthesis based on in vitro translation data agrees well with
      in vivo measurements of flagellar tubulin synthesis. While high levels of tubulin
      production extend well beyond the period of rapid flagellar assembly, synthesis
      begins to decline after 90 min, and by 180 min after deflagellation only low
      levels of tubulin mRNA are detectable in polyribosomes.

PMID- 975239
TI  - Cross-linking of a major fibroblast surface-associated glycoprotein (fibronectin)
      catalyzed by blood coagulation factor XIII.
AB  - The surface proteins of cultured human skin fibroblasts were iodinated and then
      exposed to one or more of the following blood coagulation proteins: thrombin,
      fibrinogen, and factor XIII (plasma protransglutaminase). Radiolabeled
      polypeptides were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence
      of sodium dodecylsulfate. After exposure to physiological concentrations of
      activated factor XIII (XIIIa), the band of radioactivity corresponding to the
      major labeled surface protein (fibronectin, molecular weight = 2.2 x 10(5)
      daltons) was cross-linked to a very high molecular weight complex. The cross
      linking reaction was inhibited by fibrin (which is known to bind the catalytic
      subunit of XIIIa). Cross-linking of labeled cell surface fibronectin to fibrin
      could not be demonstrated. The fibrillar pattern of surface fibronectin appeared
      unaffected by cross-linking when studied by immunofluorescence. Cross-linking of
      cell surface fibronectin by XIIIa requires highly specific enzyme-substrate and
      protein-protein interactions, and may be an important physiological reaction.

PMID- 975240
TI  - Studies on the activity of the X chromosomes in female teratocarcinoma cells in
      culture.
AB  - Embryonal carcinoma cells derived from murine teratocarcinomas are able to
      differentiate into the same variety of tissue types as early embryonic cells.
      Because embryonal carcinoma cells resemble those of the embryo at a stage before
      X chromosome inactivation has occurred in females embryonal carcinoma cells
      containing two X chromosomes were examined to determine whether both are
      genetically active. The specific activities of X-linked enzymes were measured in
      embryonal carcinoma cells containing either one or two X chromosomes. The
      activities in both cell types were similar, suggesting that only one X chromosome
      was active in the female cells. Further support for this conclusion came from
      experiments in which azaguanine-resistant mutants were recovered with similar
      frequencies from embryonal carcinoma cell lines containing one and two X
      chromosomes. Late replication of an X chromosome DNA was detected in one
      embryonal carcinoma cell line with two X chromosomes but not in another. This
      suggests that cells of these two lines were arrested at different developmental
      stages, and that late DNA replication may not be a necessary adjunct of X
      inactivation. Evidence is presented which suggests that X chromosome reactivation
      does not occur during differentiation of the cells in vitro.

PMID- 975241
TI  - Delta-beta-thalassemia is due to a gene deletion.
AB  - DNA has been prepared from peripheral blood or cultured skin fibroblasts obtained
      from three Sicilian and one Greed deltabeta-thalassemia homozygotes. Globin-gene
      analysis was carried out using a cDNAbeta probe, and the results indicate that
      deltabeta-thalassemia has arisen from a deletion of the beta-globin genes. A
      similar result was obtained using DNA prepared from cultured skin fibroblasts
      from an individual homozygous for the Negro form of hereditary persistence of
      fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). In both cases, the deletion has spared the Ggamma and
      Agamma loci directing the gamma chains of hemoglobin F, but it has not been
      possible to demonstrate any difference between the size of the deletion involved
      in the production of delta-beta-thalassemia and that which gave rise to HPFH.
      These experiments provide further direct evidence that deletions of critical
      areas of the gamma-delta-beta gene cluster result in persistent gamma chain
      synthesis in adult life.

PMID- 975242
TI  - An electron microscope study of the relative positions of the 4S and ribosomal
      RNA genes in HeLa cells mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - The 4S RNA genes in HeLa mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been mapped by electron
      microscopy using the electron-opaque label ferritin. This method is based on the
      high affinity interaction between the protein, avidin,and biotin. 4S RNA,
      covalently coupled to biotin, was hybridized to single-stranded mtDNA. The
      hybrids were then labeled with ferritin-avidin conjugates. The positions of
      ferritin-labeled 4S RNA genes were determined relative to the rRNA genes on both
      heavy (H) and light (L) strands of mtDNA. This region was recognized as a duplex
      segment after hybridization either with rRNA in the case of H strands or with DNA
      complementary to rRNA in the case of L strands. Our studies suggest that at least
      nineteen 4S RNA genes are present in the HeLa mitochondrial genome. On the H
      strand, we have confirmed the nine map positions found in a previous electron
      microscope mapping study (Wu et al., 1972) and obtained evidence for three
      additional 4S RNA genes. On the L strand, seven 4S RNA genes have been mapped.
      The nineteen genes are distributed more or less uniformly around the genome.
      There is a pair of closely spaced genes, approximately 150 nucleotides apart, on
      the H strand, and another closely spaced pair on the L strand.

PMID- 975243
TI  - The isolation and preliminary characterization of somatic cell mutants resistant
      to the protein synthesis inhibitor-emetine.
AB  - Emetine reversibly inhibits protein synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
      cells. Stable mutants which are 20-80 fold more resistant to the cytotoxic action
      of the drug can be isolated in a  single step at a frequency of about 2-5 X 10(
      7). The frequency of such mutants is increased 30-50 fold by ethyl methane
      sulphonate mutagenesis, and the spontaneous rate of mutation to emetine
      resistance as measured by Luria-Delbruck fluctuation analyses is 4.9 X 10(-7)
      mutations per locus per generation. Protein synthesis in extracts of the mutant
      cells is resistant to the inhibitory action of the emetine, indicating that the
      molecular lesion in these cells lies in the protein synthesis machinery.

PMID- 975244
TI  - Commitment to erythroid differentiation by friend erythroleukemia cells: a
      stochastic analysis.
AB  - A method for the clonal analysis of murine erythroleukemia cells has been
      developed which allows the precise characterization of the number of progeny
      produced by each cell and the degree of differentiation of each progeny cell. The
      potential of almost every cell in the culture can be monitored because a plating
      efficiency close to 100% has been achieved. The effects of treatment with an
      inducer of differentiation (DMSO) on the proliferative capacity of the treated
      cells have been studied with this technique. Cells from a mass culture treated
      with inducer give rise to colonies of differentiated progeny when subsequently
      cloned in the absence of inducer. Colonies exhibiting this phenotype represent
      the progeny of cells committed to the differentiation pathway by treatment with
      inducer. We observe that the commitment decision limits the subsequent
      proliferative capacity of the cell to four additional cell divisions. A
      quantitative analysis suggests that the commitment decision for each cell is made
      in a stochastic manner. Irreversible commitment to the expression of
      differentiated functions occurs with discrete probability per cell generation for
      many cell generations. The value for this probability is a function of the
      concentration of inducer (DMSO). A correlative biochemical study suggests that an
      irreversible commitment decision by a significant proportion of the population
      precedes or accompanies increases in cytoplasmic globin mRNA levels, one of the
      earliest detectable biochemical markers for erythroid differentiation in this
      system. A specific kinetic model based on these considerations has been developed
      to predict clonal phenotypes as a function of time and probability of commitment.
      Quantitative predictions based on this model are in excellent agreement with
      experimental observations. The effectiveness of a stochastic model in predicting
      the behavior of this system is discussed in relation to the stochastic behavior
      of normal hematopoiesis and the biochemical mechanisms which control these
      differentiation programs.

PMID- 975245
TI  - Plasminogen activator in early embryogenesis: enzyme production by trophoblast
      and parietal endoderm.
AB  - We have surveyed the early stages in the development and differentiation of
      cultured mouse embryos for plasminogen activator production. This enzyme is first
      detectable by the sixth equivalent gestation day. Thereafter, cultured
      blastocysts produce plasminogen activator with a biphasic time course: in the
      first phase, enzyme secretion rises to a maximum at about the eighth day and then
      decreases; a second phase, during which more enzyme accumulates, begins somewhat
      later and continues to at least the fifteenth day. By fractionating the
      blastocyst into its constituent cell types, we have identified the trophoblast as
      the cells responsible for the first phase of enzyme synthesis. The pattern of
      enzyme production by the trophoblast is closely correlated with the invasive
      period of these cells in vivo and implies that plasminogen activator is involved
      in embryo implantation. The second phase of plasminogen activator production is
      due to parietal endoderm, which initiates enzyme synthesis upon differentiation
      from the inner cell mass. The properties of the parietal endoderm suggest that
      plasminogen activator may participate in the migration of these cells and/or in
      the metabolism of Reichert's membrane which accompanies embryo growth. These
      results are consistent with the concept, deveolped from work on other cell types,
      that plasminogen activator may represent a generalized mechanism for tissue
      remodeling and cell migration.

PMID- 975246
TI  - Two complementary strand-specific termination sites for adenovirus DNA
      replication.
AB  - Adenovirus type 2 DNA, specifically labeled at the termini for DNA replication,
      was prepared by isolation of viral DNA molecules which were completed during
      short pulses with 3H-thymidine. The distribution of radioactivity in the two
      complementary strands at the termini for DNA replication was determined by liquid
      phase hybridization and gelelectrophoresis. At the right-hand terminus, nearly
      all radioactivity was found in the viral h strand, whereas at the left-hand
      terminus, most radioactivity was confined to the viral l strand. The results
      suggest that both molecular ends serve as origins and termini for replication of
      adenovirus type 2 DNA.

PMID- 975247
TI  - Mapping DNAase l-susceptible sites in nucleosomes labeled at the 5' ends.
AB  - We have used lambda-32P-ATP and polynucleotide kinase to label stoichiometrically
      the 5' ends of DNA in intact isolated HeLa cell nucleosomes. DNA is not nicked or
      degraded during the modification reaction. We have used these modified
      nucleosomes to study both the distribution and the relative availability of sites
      within the nucleosome which are susceptible to digestion by DNAase l. The results
      show that the nucleosome contains a potential cleavage site every 10 nucleotides,
      with the exception of the site 80 nucleotides from the 5' end. Favored cleavage
      sites are located 20, 40, 50, 100, 120, and 130 nucleotides from the 5' end;
      sites 30 and 110 nucleotides from the 5' end are strongly disfavored, while the
      potential site 80 nucleotides from the 5' end is virtually never cleaved. These
      findings provide constraints for models of histone-DNA interactions within the
      chromatin subunit.

PMID- 975248
TI  - In vitro evidence indicating a role for the Fc region of IgG in the mechanism for
      the long-term maintenance and regulation of antibody levels in vivo.

PMID- 975249
TI  - Effector mechanisms in allograft rejection. I. Assembly of "sponge matrix"
      allografts.

PMID- 975250
TI  - Interferences between dinitrophenyl and azobenzenearsonate determinant on in
      vitro binding to lymphoid cells. I. Effect of the heterologous conjugate on the
      specific binding to a population of spleen cells from normal or immunized mice.

PMID- 975251
TI  - Antigenic stimulation of lymphocytes. I. Calorimetric exploration of metabolic
      responses.

PMID- 975253
TI  - [Education of pharmacists' aides in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 975252
TI  - In vitro responses of rat lymphocytes following adult thymectomy. III. Prevention
      by thymic factor of increased suppressor activity in the spleen.

PMID- 975254
TI  - [Study on the effect of detection with iodine on the determination of aromatic
      compounds after their chromatographic separation, XII].

PMID- 975255
TI  - [Reaction of various tricyclic derivatives of benzothiepin with sulfuric acid].

PMID- 975256
TI  - [Comparative study of various organic agents for the determination of small
      amounts of iron].

PMID- 975257
TI  - [Analytical study of new anticholinergic substances. II. Methods for the
      determination of 3-quinuclidylester chloride of benzilic acid].

PMID- 975258
TI  - [Antitubercular agents. XVII. Functional derivatives of 4-halogenpicolinic acid
      and its n-oxides].

PMID- 975259
TI  - [Extractive spectrophotometric determination of trimethoprim in a mixture with
      sulfamethoxazole].

PMID- 975260
TI  - [Activities of the Czechoslovak Pharmaceutical Society in 1975].

PMID- 975261
TI  - [2d Congress of the Czech Pharmaceutical Society--Ceske Budejovice].

PMID- 975262
TI  - [Analytical studies of ergot alkaloids and their derivatives. IV. A quick and
      practical method of analyzing pharmaceutical preparations using thin-layer
      chromatography on Silufol].

PMID- 975263
TI  - [Studies on local anesthetics. LVIII. Comparison of the anti-arrhythmia effect of
      heptacaine and lidocaine].

PMID- 975264
TI  - [Mitochondria with tubules in lipid-differentiating alveolar cells of human
      sebaceous glands (author's transl)].

PMID- 975265
TI  - [Contact hypersensitivity to Hypogymnia physodes (author's transl)].

PMID- 975266
TI  - [Histological examination of therapeutic results in basiliomas removed by
      curetage only (author's transl)].

PMID- 975267
TI  - [Treatment of teleangiectasias of the lower extremities by sclerotization.
      Results and evaluation (author's transl)].

PMID- 975268
TI  - [Silicon oil as a constituent of dermatological preparations for external use
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975269
TI  - [Radioisotope nephrography in patients with gonorrhoea (author's transl)].

PMID- 975270
TI  - [Treatment of syphilis with other antibiotics than penicillin (author's transl)].

PMID- 975271
TI  - [Some comments to the stress-incontinence in females and its treatment by
      retropubic operations (author's transl)].

PMID- 975272
TI  - [A long-term experience with the operative treatment of urinary incontinence by
      suspension of the urinary bladder (author's transl)].

PMID- 975273
TI  - [Functional and anatomic results obtained after Kelly-Ball's operation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975274
TI  - [The treatment of stress-incontinence during simultaneous vaginal hysterectomy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975276
TI  - [Rational approaches to the treatment of urinary incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 975275
TI  - [The significance of hysterectomy in the operative treatment of the urinary
      incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 975277
TI  - [The errors in the therapeutic approach to the operative treatment for the
      urinary incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 975278
TI  - [The results gained by operative treatment of the urinary incontinence before and
      after the menopause (author's transl)].

PMID- 975279
TI  - [Our experience with a cooperation between a gynecological practitioner and the
      hospital-department in the treatment of stress-incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 975280
TI  - [Significance of suprapubic drainage in the operative treatment of urinary
      incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 975281
TI  - [The significance of measuring residual urine after vaginal plastic surgery and
      operations of urinary incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 975282
TI  - [Postoperative urine-retention, its causes and treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 975283
TI  - [The incidence of urinary infections after vaginal plastic operations (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975284
TI  - [The part of vaginal plastic operations played in the incidence of thromboembolic
      disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 975285
TI  - [Vaginal hysterectomy performed by means of intrafascial technique (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975286
TI  - [Our experience with "morning-after-pill" (author's transl)].

PMID- 975287
TI  - [Plastic operative correlation of ectopia vesicae and of duplicitas of internal
      genitals in pelvis fissa with successive full-term gravidity (author's transl)].

PMID- 975288
TI  - [Effect of fructose infusion upon glucose and lactate metabolism during
      incubation of placental tissue in a women in travail (author's transl)].

PMID- 975289
TI  - [Changes in parameters concerning carbohydrate and lipid metabolism after glucose
      load in pregnant women with hypotrophic foetus (author's transl)].

PMID- 975290
TI  - [Various notes on the long-term administration of hormonal contraceptives in
      planned parenthood].

PMID- 975291
TI  - [Comments on the article: K. Balak et  al: Various problems of assistance in
      gynecological surgery].

PMID- 975292
TI  - [Various problems of assistance in gynecological surgery].

PMID- 975293
TI  - [Education of younger medical personnel in gynecologic surgery at smaller
      hospital departments].

PMID- 975294
TI  - [Late consequences of endocrine placental disorders for the female fetus].

PMID- 975295
TI  - [Working of the gynecologic nurse in the socio-legal consultation room].

PMID- 975296
TI  - [The results gained by operative treatment of urogenital fistulas in the course
      of 20 years (author's transl)].

PMID- 975297
TI  - [Urethral fistulae].

PMID- 975298
TI  - [Some experience with the diagnostic and treatment of post partum fistulas
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975299
TI  - [Urological complications after gynecological operations encountered in out
      material (author's transl)].

PMID- 975300
TI  - [Prevention of ureter injuries occuring during vaginal hysterectomy carried out
      because of prolapsus and descensus of the uterus (author's transl)].

PMID- 975301
TI  - [Prevention of ureter injuries in adnexal tumours (author's transl)].

PMID- 975302
TI  - [Changes of topographic relations found in the minor pelvis after hysterectomy
      and their effect upon the pathology of the urinary bladder (author's transl)].

PMID- 975303
TI  - [Experience with Symmonds-Pratt's peritonealization in Wertheim's operation
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975304
TI  - [usefulness of Coffey-Mayo's operation in extrophia of the urinary bladder
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975305
TI  - [Maydl's operation of the urinary bladder extrophia in relation to pregnancy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975306
TI  - [Pregnancy and delivery in ileoplastic operations of the urinary bladder
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 975307
TI  - [The diagnosis and treatment of a congenital anomaly-ureter duplex (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975308
TI  - [Irradiation injury of the urinary bladder (author's transl)].

PMID- 975309
TI  - [The significance and rational utilization of physical training and education in
      gynecological urology (author's transl)].

PMID- 975310
TI  - [Experience with the rehabilitation of the urinary incontinence (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975311
TI  - [Female obesity and gravidity (author's transl)].

PMID- 975312
TI  - [Repeated anencephalias (author's transl)].

PMID- 975313
TI  - [Incidence of gonorrhoea in chronic gynecological inflammations (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975314
TI  - [Primary amenorrhoea in a phenotypically female individual with a karyotype 46,
      xy and bilateral gonadoblastoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 975315
TI  - [Gravidity after cuneiform resection of the ovaries in female patients with Stein
      Leventhal syndrome its time-relationship with the operation (author's transl)].

PMID- 975316
TI  - [Results obtained in 30,000 women cytologically examined from the district Jicin
      (author's transl].

PMID- 975317
TI  - [Lesions of the cervix uteri in active sportswomen (author's transl)].

PMID- 975319
TI  - [Treatment of incontinence through therapeutic physical training and way of
      living].

PMID- 975318
TI  - [Citric acid levels in the human ejaculate].

PMID- 975320
TI  - [Early diagnosis of intact ectopic pregnancy].

PMID- 975321
TI  - [Some comments to attestations in gynecology and obstetrics as they are carried
      out in CSR (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].

PMID- 975322
TI  - [Prostaglandins and dysmenorrhea--treatment with indomethacin].

PMID- 975323
TI  - [Inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin in the
      treatment of premature labor].

PMID- 975324
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandins on blood platelets].

PMID- 975325
TI  - [Our experiences with respirophonography].

PMID- 975326
TI  - [Ear-protective devices in the prevention of occupational hearing disorders].

PMID- 975327
TI  - [Acoustic trauma encountered in autopsy].

PMID- 975328
TI  - [Use of acoustic stimuli in examining middle-ear muscle reflexes].

PMID- 975329
TI  - [Functional connection of nerve cells in the auditory pathway-inferior colliculus
      structure in the rabbit].

PMID- 975330
TI  - [Comparison of nerve-cell activity iin the auditory pathway of guinea pigs before
      and after deafness].

PMID- 975331
TI  - [Diagnosis of occupational hearing loss using ERA objective audiometry].

PMID- 975332
TI  - [Noisy work environments].

PMID- 975333
TI  - [Hearing status in employees of spinning and weaving mills].

PMID- 975335
TI  - [Nomenclature of middle-ear surgery].

PMID- 975334
TI  - [Tests of Soviet-made "Beryushi" ear-protective devices].

PMID- 975336
TI  - [Intratympanic neurinoma of the facial nerve].

PMID- 975337
TI  - [The role of allergy in chronic inflammation of the maxillary sinus and the
      effect of surgery].

PMID- 975338
TI  - [Compulsive hedonsim syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 975339
TI  - [Social consequence of mild children's encephalopathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 975340
TI  - [On the problems of mental defence of therapeutics treating alcoholics and
      psychopaths (author's transl)].

PMID- 975341
TI  - [Report on preliminary research in the social psychiatry sphere (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975342
TI  - [Attitudes of neurotic patients to their own indisposition of as symptom of
      neurosis in the NVPN test (preliminary communication) (author's transl)].

PMID- 975343
TI  - [Psycholgical relations nurse-burned patient (author's transl)].

PMID- 975344
TI  - [An extraordinary way of suicide (author's transl)].

PMID- 975345
TI  - [Cacuistic report concerning the problem of neophasia (author's transl)].

PMID- 975346
TI  - [Side-effects of some pschochemotherapeutic drugs of systemic circulation in
      atherosclerosis and in somatically healthy elderly persons (author's transl)].

PMID- 975347
TI  - [Use of time series experimental design in psychotheraphy (author's transl)].

PMID- 975348
TI  - [Viloxazin (Vivalan ICI) -- a structurally new antidepressant (author's transl)].

PMID- 975349
TI  - [An anniversary of child psychiatry].

PMID- 975350
TI  - [Results of research in the main task VII-3-7: growth and development of children
      during the 1st years of life].

PMID- 975351
TI  - [Recurrent abdominal pain in children].

PMID- 975352
TI  - [X-ray findings in children with recurrent abdominal pain].

PMID- 975353
TI  - [Changes in vegetative balance and results of EEG examinations in children with
      recurring abdominal pain].

PMID- 975354
TI  - [Psychological examination of children with recurrent abdominal pain].

PMID- 975355
TI  - [Early detection and diagnosis of congenital cardiovascular diseases in newborn
      infants and infants in Poland].

PMID- 975356
TI  - [Used of forced osmotic diuresis in the treatment of severe drug intoxications in
      children].

PMID- 975357
TI  - [Development of liver chromosecretion during the 1st week of life].

PMID- 975358
TI  - [Effect of interruption on the prognosis of children from the following
      pregnancy].

PMID- 975359
TI  - [Significance of diagnostic pneumomediastinum in the diagnosis of thoracic
      neoplasms in children].

PMID- 975360
TI  - [Autodestructive tendencies in children].

PMID- 975361
TI  - [Childhood in intersexual persons].

PMID- 975362
TI  - [Social situation of adolescents from infant nursing homes].

PMID- 975363
TI  - [Treatment of conjunctivitis in pediatric practice].

PMID- 975364
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of mentally retarded children--report of 2 cases on the
      Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome].

PMID- 975365
TI  - [Unusual 1st symptom of brain tumor in a child].

PMID- 975366
TI  - [Significance of serum immunoglobulins in the prognosis of chronic hepatitis in
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 975367
TI  - Pulmonary hemorrhage as a cause of sudden and unexpected death in newborn
      infants.

PMID- 975368
TI  - [Urine withdrawal technic in screening examinations for bacteriuria in the school
      health service].

PMID- 975369
TI  - [Congenital tuberculosis].

PMID- 975370
TI  - [Notes on the prevention of rickets].

PMID- 975371
TI  - [New findings on vitamin D].

PMID- 975372
TI  - [Pathogenesis of nonallergic reactions following i.m. injections of depot
      penicillins. Differentiation from allergic reaction].

PMID- 975373
TI  - [The need for medical care for children with chronic eye diseases and defects of
      sight].

PMID- 975374
TI  - [The ascertainment of the need for institutional care for children with
      Strabismus and Amblyopia by the Monte Carlo method on the computer].

PMID- 975375
TI  - [Status of medical records at pediatric departments of type I. and II. hospitals
      in slovakia].

PMID- 975376
TI  - [Various causes of juvenile delinquency].

PMID- 975377
TI  - [New recommended nutritional requirements in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 975378
TI  - [Interpretation of symptoms in pedopsychiatry].

PMID- 975379
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal obstruction in children (lecture at the
      Czech Pediatric Society held on 18 March 1976)].

PMID- 975380
TI  - [New methods of organizing hospital activities].

PMID- 975381
TI  - [Activities of supervisory nurses in hospitals with polyclinics].

PMID- 975382
TI  - [Organization and distribution of care for non-tuberculous lung diseases in the
      Slovak Socialist Republic].

PMID- 975383
TI  - [Contemporary trends in preventive health care for the aged].

PMID- 975384
TI  - [Health care administration and the law].

PMID- 975385
TI  - [Responsibility of health care facilities for damage to health as a result of
      treatment].

PMID- 975386
TI  - [Psychosocial problems of patients in convalescent hospital units].

PMID- 975387
TI  - [Two observations of generalized familial benign osterosclerosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975388
TI  - [Our experience with lumbal perimyelography by means of Dimer X (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975389
TI  - [Melorheostosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 975390
TI  - [Supersonic examiniation in the neck region (author's transl)].

PMID- 975391
TI  - [Cystography of the breast (author's transl)].

PMID- 975392
TI  - [The combination of the amplifier ZOX 272 and 70 mm camera Philips (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 975393
TI  - [The calcification in intervertebral discs in children (author's transl)].

PMID- 975394
TI  - [Capsullar osteochondroma of knee (author's transl)].

PMID- 975395
TI  - [Aneurysma venae popliteae (author's transl)].

PMID- 975396
TI  - [The use of echocardiography in cardiology (author's transl)].

PMID- 975397
TI  - Influence of lead nitrate on dimethylnitrosamine intoxication.
AB  - The effect of lead nitrate, an inhibitor of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme
      system upon the acute, hepatotoxicity of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was studied.
      Lead pretreatment significantly prevented polysomal disaggregation induced by the
      nitrosamine. Cell necrosis, evaluated morphologically and by the release of serum
      glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), was also diminished. The metabolism of DMN
      in rats pretreated with lead nitrate was investigated by following its clearance
      from blood and by determining, in vitro the demethylation of the nitrosamine.
      Lead increased, although not significantly, the clearance of DMN from blood, but
      it lowered the activity of DMN-demethylase 24 h after its administration.
      Finally, lead lowered the lethal effects of DMN. The mechanism by which lead
      influenced DMN toxicity is discussed.

PMID- 975398
TI  - Effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane on DNA synthesis in the guinea pig
      pancreas.
AB  - The effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane (NMUT) on pancreatic DNA synthesis were
      investigated at sequential intervals following gavage of Hartley guinea pigs with
      a single dose of 30 mg/kg. There was a highly significant stimulation of DNA
      synthesis, as evidenced by increased incorporation of [3H] methyl-thymidine
      ([3H]TdR), throughout the whole pancreas and particularly in the duodenal
      segment, at 4 h following NMUT administration, thereafter, DNA synthesis declined
      sharply up to 24 h, and then recovered gradually to control levels from 24--96 h.
      DNA synthesis stimulated by NMUT was suppressed by hydroxyurea (HU), and hence is
      likely to represent replicative, rather than repair, synthesis.

PMID- 975399
TI  - Identification of the persistently bound form of the carcinogen N-acetyl-2
      aminofluorene to rat liver DNA in vivo.
AB  - In this article the structural analysis of the persistently bound form of the
      carcinogen N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) to rat liver DNA in vivo is described.
      This compound appears to result from the formation of a covalent bond between
      carbon-3 of the aromatic ring and the amino group of guanine. Experimental
      evidence from three different approaches had led to the identification of the
      structure of the persistently DNA-bound AAF moiety. First, [3-3H, 9-14C]N-acetoxy
      AAF was reacted with DNA in vitro. As reported previously, a minor product was
      isolated from enzymatic digests of the reacted DNA, which had chemical and
      chromatographic properties identical to those of the persistent--AAF moiety in
      DNA in vivo. The ratio 3H/14C of this product had diminished to the same extent
      as 3-CH3S-AAF resulting from the reaction of methionine with [o-3H, 9-14C]N
      acetoxy-AAF. Secondly, reaction of [9-14C]N-acetoxy-AAF with DNA, which was
      tritiated in the C-8 positions of the purines, did not result in removal of
      tritium in the persistent fraction obtained after acid hydrolysis, thus excluding
      substitution at C-8 and N-7 of guanine. Finally , by reacting N-OSO3-K-AAF with
      deoxyguanosine in dimethylsulfoxide-triethylamine, a compound could be isolated,
      which was identified as 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-AAF based on its NMR spectrum and
      on the mass spectrum of the corresponding guanine derivative obtained after
      removing deoxyribose by acid hydrolysis. This compound appeared to be identical
      with the persistently bound form present in DNA hydrolysates from rat liver after
      injection of [2'-3H]N-hydroxy-AAF.

PMID- 975400
TI  - Involvement of polyphosphorylserine blocks in the Fe(III) binding by phosvitin.
AB  - It has been suggested that the binding of iron(III) by phosvitin involves the
      phosphoric radicals of phosphorylserine residues, many of which are arranged in
      rows of several consecutive phosphoamino acids. In this paper we present evident
      that, unlike free phosphorylserine which does not interact with Fe(III),
      polyphosphorylserine blocks--(Ser-P)n, with n greater than or equal to 4 -- bind
      Fe(III) like phosvitin, though less actively, to give complexes stable at very
      acidic pHs. The binding  of iron does not cause any polymerization of the
      phosphopeptides, and the (Ser-P)n-Fe(III) complexes display an Fe/P ratio
      significantly lower than 0.5, found in Fe-saturated phosvitin. These findings
      indicate that polyphosphorylserine blocks play an important role in the binding
      of iron by phosvitin, and that in the intact protein their binding capacity is
      optimized by the conformation of the polypeptide chain.

PMID- 975401
TI  - The distribution of [3H]synthanecine A bis-N-ethylcarbamate and its metabolites
      in the rat.
AB  - An intravenous dose of 40 mg/kg [3H] synthanecine A bis-N-ethylcarbamate,
      sufficient to cause liver lesions similar to pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning,
      was given to male rats. The distribution of radioactivity in body tissues was
      measured after various times from 2 h to 340 days. About 69% of the dose was
      eliminated via urine and faeces on the first day, while less than 0.4% was found
      in expired air. The highest tissue level of radioactivity was initially in liver,
      but this fell steadily at a rate comparable with most other tissues. High levels
      were also found in kidneys, spleen and lungs, and elimination from the latter was
      exceptionally slow. A high level in the erythrocytes probably accounted for a
      persistence of radioactivity in the spleen. Ehrlich estimations showed that 68%
      of the radioactivity in the liver 2--6 h after dosing was present as pyrrolic
      metabolites. A high proportion of the liver activity was not extractable by
      alcohol or aqueous trichloroacetic acid. Binding in the microsomal and nuclear
      fractions of liver was surprisingly low. From the low level of radioactivity in
      stomach tissue it was concluded that 2,3-bishydroxymethyl-1-methyl pyrrole could
      not have been a major metabolite in the bloodstream, since the latter, when given
      intravenously, binds strongly to the glandular stomach.

PMID- 975402
TI  - The distribution of radio-activity in rats given [3H]bishydroxymethyl-1
      methylpyrrole and its relationship to that from [3H]synthanecine A bis-N
      ethylcarbamate.
AB  - The distribution of radioactivity was measured in rats various times after single
      intravenous doses of tritium-labelled 2,3-bis-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrrole
      (BHMP). Over half the dose was excreted in urine during the first day; less than
      a seventh this amount was found in the faeces. The level in glandular stomach was
      much higher than in any other organ and there was evidence that this was related
      to the acidity of this tissue. With this exception, the radioactivity in other
      tissues was lower than after an equivalent dose of tritiated synthanecine A bis-N
      ethylcarbamate, and that in liver tissue was more easily solubilised than after
      the latter compound. The results indicate it is unlikely that more than a small
      amount of free BHMP is released into the bloodstreams of rats given synthanecine
      A bis-N-ethylcarbamate. When [3H]BHMP is given by stomach tube much radioactivity
      remains within the gut and there is no exceptional binding to glandular stomach
      tissue. Whereas the tissue binding as well as chemical and toxicological
      properties of BHMP are similar to those of dehydroretronecine, the binding
      properties of synthanecine A bis-N-ethylcarbamate are likely to resemble those of
      monocrotaline and similar pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

PMID- 975403
TI  - Effect of splenectomy on N-acetyltransferase activity in mice.

PMID- 975404
TI  - Necrotising enteritis.

PMID- 975405
TI  - Recurrent intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy complicated by viral
      hepatitis.

PMID- 975406
TI  - Diet and health in an isolated agricultural community in the dry zone.

PMID- 975407
TI  - Brain abscess.

PMID- 975408
TI  - Amoebic pericarditis.

PMID- 975409
TI  - Colles fractures and fracture - separation of the lower radial epiphysis.

PMID- 975410
TI  - Primary & secondary malignancies of the maxillary sinus.

PMID- 975411
TI  - Undiagnosed aortic stenosis--a cause of death after mitral valvotomy.

PMID- 975412
TI  - Eclampsia associated with rupture of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm.

PMID- 975413
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the rectum with prolapse of the small intestine through
      the anus (a case report).

PMID- 975414
TI  - Experience with the Saf - T - Coil.

PMID- 975415
TI  - Burn wound management.

PMID- 975416
TI  - Metabolism of piromidic acid, a new antibacterial agent. III. Determination of
      piromidic acid and its metabolites in blood, urine and bile of rats and humans.

PMID- 975417
TI  - Urine data analysis for pharmacokinetics of acetanilide hydroxylation in man.

PMID- 975418
TI  - Metabolism of piromidic acid, a new antibacterial agent. IV. Pharmacokinetics of
      piromidic acid in rats.

PMID- 975419
TI  - In vitro-in vivo correlation on the subcutaneous release of progestins from
      silicone capsules.

PMID- 975420
TI  - In vivo formation of 4-formylaminoantipyrine as a new metabolite of aminopyrine.
      I.

PMID- 975421
TI  - Intestinal absorption characteristics of buformin and phenformin in rats.

PMID- 975422
TI  - Studies on methods of particle size reduction of medicinal compounds. VI. Solvate
      formation of griseofulvin with benzene and dioxane.

PMID- 975423
TI  - A new metabolite of tetracaine.

PMID- 975424
TI  - Variation in serum glucose, serum free fatty acids, and liver glycogen
      concentrations and development of gastric erosions in mice subjected to stress.

PMID- 975425
TI  - In vitro binding of sulfobromophthalein to cytoplasmic protein from liver,
      kidney, and small intestinal mucosa of rat and rabbit.

PMID- 975426
TI  - Physical properties of pyrimidine and purine antimetabolites. I. The effects of
      salts and temperature on the solubility of 5-fluorouracil, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)
      5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, and thrioinosine.

PMID- 975427
TI  - Synthetic antibacterials. VI. 7-[1-Substituted 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl]-1,8
      naphthyridines.

PMID- 975428
TI  - Some properties of sulfanilamide monohydrate.

PMID- 975429
TI  - Stereochemistry in oxidation of primary allylic alcohols by cell-free system of
      callus induced from Cannabis saliva L.

PMID- 975430
TI  - Purification and properties of alkaline phosphatase from human kidneys.

PMID- 975431
TI  - The in vitro metabolism of 3-(1-hydroxy-2-piperidinoethyl)-5-phenyl-isoxazole
      citrate (31252-S) with rabbit liver homogenate.

PMID- 975432
TI  - Effect of vehicles on percutaneous absorption. I. Characterization of oily
      vehicles by percutaneous absorption and trans-epidermal water loss test.

PMID- 975433
TI  - Effect of vehicles on percutaneous absorption. II. Theory of percutaneous
      absorption.

PMID- 975434
TI  - Effect of vehicles on percutaneous absorption. III. Simulation and measurement of
      input data.

PMID- 975435
TI  - Pharmacological studies on chinese cinnamon. III. Electroencephalographic studies
      of cinnamaldehyde in the rabbit.

PMID- 975436
TI  - Influence of tablet dimensions on the disintegration time.

PMID- 975437
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of lipase reaction. IV. Action of the lipase from
      Chromobacterium on monomeric p-titrophenyl acetate.

PMID- 975438
TI  - Polymorphic transformation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride crystals studied by
      infrared spectrophotometric method.

PMID- 975439
TI  - A new photometric method for the determination of serum glutamate pyruvate
      transaminase activity using pyruvate and glutamate as substrates.

PMID- 975440
TI  - Polynucleotides. XXXIV. Ultraviolet absorption and ciucular dichroism of ApUpG
      analogs containing modified adenosine residues.

PMID- 975441
TI  - Effect of "drugs for liver disease" on hepatotoxic action of carbon
      tetrachloride. III. Effect of protoporphyrin and phosphoryl-choline on injured
      microsomal membrane.

PMID- 975442
TI  - Central depressant action of tetrahydroberberine and its derivatives.

PMID- 975443
TI  - Hydrolysis of bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyridyl-2-methane disulfate. I. Presence of
      arylsulfatase and laxative activity.

PMID- 975444
TI  - Fatty acids. Part 48. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of acetylenic fatty
      acids.
AB  - The 13C NMR spectra of thirty-seven alkynoic acids (C8-C18) and ten alkadiynoic
      acids (C18 and C20) are reported and interpreted. The influence of COOH, COOCH3,
      CH3, and C identical to C groups on the chemical shifts of nearby carbon atoms is
      assessed. These influences are largely additive so that available spectra are
      readily interpreted and the spectra of new compounds of this type can be
      predicted. These preliminary results indicate that 13C NMR spectroscopy should be
      of considerable value in the structural identification of acetylenic compounds.

PMID- 975445
TI  - Fatty acids and long-chain bases of gangliosides of human gastrointestinal
      mucosa.
AB  - The fatty acid and long-chain base composition of five major gangliosides from
      human stomach and small and large intestine mucosa were analyzed with gas
      chromatography. All the gangliosides greatly resembled each other in the fatty
      acid pattern. The main fatty acids were C16:0, C18:0, C22:0 and C24:1. No hydroxy
      fatty acids could be detected. In all the gangliosides 4-sphingenine was the
      predominant long-chain base (70-75%). About 15% of the long-chain bases had 20
      carbon atoms in their chain. No trihydroxy long-chain bases could be detected.

PMID- 975446
TI  - Fractionation of methyl d-tetracosanoates by GCMS.

PMID- 975447
TI  - Solubility of phosphatidylcholine in chloroform. Formation of hydrogen bonding
      between phosphatidylcholine and chloroform.
AB  - The solubility of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was studied by the spectroscopic
      analysis and the measurement of the solubility. The qualitative analysis of
      infrared absorption spectra confirmed the existence of two types of hydrogen
      bondings between chloroform and PC, one between chloroform and the C=O group of
      PC and the other between chloroform and the phosphorylcholine group of PC. The
      quantitative analysis of the C-D stretching vibration bands of the chloroform-d
      solution of PC showed that the latter hydrogen bonding mainly contributes to the
      solubility and that PC dissolves in chloroform to form a complex consisting of a
      few or more molecules of chloroform and one molecule of PC. We discussed in this
      report about the molecular organization of PC in chloroform solution.

PMID- 975448
TI  - Phase transition in a lipid bilayer. II. Influence of adamantane derivatives.
AB  - The influence of thirty-four adamantane, protoadamantane, and homoadamantane
      derivatives on the phase transition characteristics of the bilayer in dipalmitoyl
      lecithin liposomes has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Each
      of these compounds induces a broadening of the phase transition profile of the
      lipid bilayer that is dependent upon the concentration of the solute and its
      molecular structure. The concentration--response curves obtained for these
      solutes suggest that the cage compound derivatives modify the phase properties
      and under some conditions may induce a phase separation in the doped bilayer. The
      relative activity sequences obtained for the compounds examined cannot be
      accounted for by simple considerations of lipid/water partition coefficients,
      substitution constants based on free energy relationships, or the relative
      polarities or sizes of substituent groups. The observations are consistent with
      the hypothesis that the position and orientation of a solute within the bilayer
      are critical factors in determining its relative potency. The position of a
      solute within the bilayer is significantly controlled by the presence of polar
      substituents and by the relative geometric relationships of these groups. For a
      given substituent group, the shape and size of the hydrocarbon cage becomes
      increasingly important. It is apparent that seemingly minor modifications in the
      structure of a solute can significantly alter its influence on the phase
      transition behavior of a bilayer.

PMID- 975449
TI  - Raman spectroscopic analysis of Dutch Belt rabbit erythrocyte ghosts.

PMID- 975450
TI  - Tocopheryl ethers from autoxidation of linoleate in the presence of tocopherol.

PMID- 975451
TI  - Changes in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance during development of
      renal hypertension in the rabbit: lack of confomity with the autoregulation
      theory.
AB  - Serial measurements of cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart
      rate, and total peripheral resistance (TPR), were made on unanesthetized rabbits
      with previously implanted Doppler flowmeters. After 2 days of control
      measurements the rabbits were subjected alternatively to bilateral renal
      cellophane wrapping (wrap group) or to sham operation and additional measurements
      were made 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 25, and 32 days after operation. During the 1st week
      after operation changes in CO were identical in the wrap and sham-operated
      groups, with an overall increase to a value of 110% of control on day 4 (P less
      than 0.05). Thereafter CO fell gradually, reaching 75% of control by day 32 in
      the wrap group, but only 95% of control in the sham-operated group. When CO was
      expressed per unit of body weight the latter differences were somewhat reduced,
      but still were significant. In wrap animals MAP and TPR rose progressively to
      155% and 194% of control by day 32. In the sham-operated group the corresponding
      increases to 108% and 118% of control were significantly smaller. The MAP and TPR
      of the renal wrap rabbits exceeded the values in sham-operated rabbits, even over
      the 1st week after operation, by an average for MAP of 8.6 +/- 1.4% (P less than
      0.001), and for TPR of 8.0 +/- 2.5% (P = 0.01). The results suggest that the
      changes in CO during the 1st week were a nonspecific consequence of the preceding
      wrap or sham operation. They bore no apparent relationship to the subsequent
      development of the hypertension which was "resistance-mediated" from the earliest
      stages. We conclude that the present findings for the rabbit differ from those
      reported for other species and do not conform to the changes predicted by the
      autoregulation theory of the pathogenesis of hypertension.

PMID- 975452
TI  - Localization of glucocorticoid uptake in normal and ischemic myocardial tissue of
      isolated perfused cat hearts.
AB  - We studied the uptake of labeled dexamethasone (3H-Dex) or methylprednisolone (3H
      MP) in isolated perfused cat hearts during the first hour of acute myocardial
      ischemia. Considerable amounts of 3H-Dex and 3H-MP were taken up by the plasma
      membrane (F1) fraction in control, border zone, and ischemic myocardial tissue.
      Lesser amounts were incorporated into the remaining cell fractions. A gradient of
      glucocorticoid uptake was observed that decreased from control tissue to ischemic
      tissue in all subcellular fractions (i.e., F1 to F5). Accordingly, supernatant
      fraction (S) to particulate (P) ratios of labeled glucocorticoid uptake increased
      from control to ischemic tissue, indicating that myocardial cell damage resulted
      in a decrease in glucocorticoid-binding capacity in subcellular fractions
      obtained from ischemic tissue. The activity of 5'-nucleotidase (5'ND), a plasma
      membrane marker in myocardial cells, also decreased from normal to ischemic
      tissue. Furthermore, we found that uptake of 3H-MP and 3H-Dex was associated with
      the retention of 5'ND activity in F1 fractions of both border zone and ischemic
      tissue. Similar protection of plasma membrane integritg occurred in the
      supernatant fraction as determined by changes in S/P ratios of 5'ND activity.
      These data provide support for the concepts that (1) plasma membrane changes
      occur soon after acute myocardial ischemia, and (2) the mechanism by which
      glucocorticoids exert a protective effect in myocardial ischemia may be related
      to membrane stabilization.

PMID- 975453
TI  - Effects of hyperthermic stress on myocardial function during experimental
      coronary ischemia.
AB  - We evaluated hyperthermic influences on ischemic hearts by comparing two groups
      of intact working swine hearts (n = 20) made globally ischemic. Heart muscle
      temperature was selectively increased from 37.5 +/- 0.3 degrees C to 39.7 +/- 0.3
      degrees C in one group (n = 11) by warming the coronary perfusate. Ischemia in
      normothermic hearts significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased mechanical
      function (as reflected by increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      [LVEDP]), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), glucose uptake, glycolytic flux,
      free fatty acid (FFA) uptake and oxidation, and tissue stores of high energy
      phosphates. Hearing in ischemic hearts further depressed mechanical function at
      similar reductions in coronary flow and MVO2. Glucose uptake was terminally
      increased over normothermic values (329 vs. 221 mumol/hr per g) as was glycolytic
      metabolism, FFA uptake (26 vs. 17 mumol/hr per g), and FFA oxidation (21 vs. 11
      mumol/hr per g). However, these changes were not translated into increased energy
      stores of tissue creatine phosphate and ATP. Thus, in ischemic hearts,
      hyperthermia neither prevented the development of mechanical deterioration nor
      improved oxidative phosphorylation despite increases in metabolic substrate
      utilization. These data suggest that in experimental global ischemia heat is an
      added energy drain in already burdened myocardium.

PMID- 975454
TI  - Changes in coronary and collateral flows and adequacy of perfusion in the dog
      following one and three months of circumflex occlusion.
AB  - We investigated changes in circumflex, left anterior descending (LAD), and right
      coronary artery flows as well as changes in collateral flows to these vessels
      after long-term circumflex occlusion. Coronary and collateral flows of each
      vessel were determined simultaneously in an isolated heart preparation in which
      the vasculature was maximally dilated with dipyridamole. The resistances as
      related to total heart weight of the circumflex, LAD, and right coronary arteries
      of 16 control dogs were found to be 0.59 +/- 0.06, 0.93 +/- 0.09, and 2.37 +/-
      0.17 (mean +/- SEM) mm Hg/[(ml/min)/100 g], respectively. Total minimal coronary
      resistance was 0.21 +/- 0.01. In 10 dogs subjected to occlusion for 1 month no
      significant change in circumflex coronary resistance was observed, but the
      resistance of the unimpaired vessels decreased significantly. The resistances of
      the LAD and right coronary arteries were 0.66 +/-0.04 and 1.72 +/- 0.13,
      respectively. Both values were considerably less (P less than 0.01) than control.
      In nine dogs subjected to occlusion for 3 months the resistance of the unimpaired
      LAD and right arteries, as well as the circumflex coronary resitance, were not
      significantly different from control. We also found that retrograde flows for all
      vessels increased 7-fold after 1 month and 10.5-fold (relative to control) after
      3 months of occlusion. From these data we conclude that vascular adaptations,
      which occurred in response to an ischemic stimulus, are responsible for the long
      term regulation of the metabolic needs of the myocardium.

PMID- 975455
TI  - Angiotensin II and its heptapeptide (2-8), hexapeptide (3-8), and pentapeptide (4
      8) metabolites in arterial and venous blood of man.
AB  - We made separate measurements of angiotensin II (A II) and of its immunoreactive
      metabolites (2-8 heptapeptide, 3-8 hexapeptide, and 4-8 pentapeptide) in arterial
      and venous plasma from subjects with widely different plasma levels of the
      peptides. A II and its three metabolites were extracted from blood, separated by
      paper chromatography, and measured by radioimmunoassay using an A II antiserum
      which had a 100% cross-reaction with each metabolite. In contrast to results of
      previous studies, A II was found to predominate in both arterial (60-100%) and
      venous (55-100%) blood. The biologically active 2-8 heptapeptide metabolite
      accounted for only 10% of the activity in arterial plasma. Radioimmunoassay of
      venous plasma extracts using an A II antiserum which had a low cross-reaction
      with the 3-8 hexapeptide and the 4-8 pentapeptide confirmed the results obtained
      using the antiserum which had a 100% cross-reaction with the metabolites. We
      conclude that radioimmunoassay methods for measuring A II in venous blood may be
      more accurate and relevant than has previously been recognized. The small
      difference between A II concentrations in arterial and venous plasma suggests
      further that there may be significant conversion of angiotensin I (A I) to A II
      in the limb vasculature.

PMID- 975456
TI  - The myocardial energetic active state. I. Oxygen consumption during tetanus of
      cat papillary muscle.
AB  - The potential role of active state maintenance as a determinant of myocardial
      oxygen consumption (MVO2) has not been defined. Right ventricular papillary
      muscles from 15 cats were studied in a polarographic myograph at 23 degrees C in
      a Krebs-Ringer solution containing 7.5 mM Ca2+ and 10 mM caffeine. MVO2 was
      determined for isometric tetani at Lmax of 1-5 seconds' duration. Increases in
      tetanus duration related linearly to increments in both active tension time
      (delta active tension) and MVO2. In order to examine the oxygen cost of active
      state maintenance not attributable to associated tension generation, both the
      same isometric and 2.5- to 10.0-second lightly preloaded isotonic tetani were
      produced in nine muscles. For each tetanus duration the contribution throughout
      the contraction of developed force (preload) to MVO2 could be subtracted from
      overall isotonic MV02. In the absence of the MVO2 associated with force
      development, the active state duration was related linearly to MVO2, with a mean
      active state MVO2 of 2.42 +/- 0.29 nl O2/mg dry muscle/sec of isotonic tetanus;
      this MVO2 is 68% of the value of 3.58 +/- 0.42 nl O2/mg dry muscle/sec that was
      obtained for isometric tetanus at Lmax. This study identifies active state
      maintenance as the major determinant of MVO2 during myocardial tetanus and,
      furthermore, suggests the possibility that alterations in ative state intensity
      and duration may be the biochemical mechanism by which other determinants of MVO2
      act in a more physiological setting.

PMID- 975457
TI  - The effect of an acute increase in renal perfusion pressure on sodium transport
      in the rat kidney.
AB  - We used micropuncture techniques to examine the intrarenal response to an acute
      elevation of the renal perfusion pressure. In one series of studies (epinephrine,
      group I) the renal perfusion pressure was acutely increased by intravenous
      epinephrine infusion; in another series, by bilateral carotid occlusion and
      vagotomy. A third series of studies (epinephrine, group II) was performed
      identically to the epinephrine, group I, studies except that the renal perfusion
      pressure was held constant during the epinephrine infusion by suprarenal aortic
      constriction. After epinephrine infusion (group I) and following bilateral
      carotid occlusion and vagotomy the renal perfusion pressure increased, from 119
      +/- 1.0 (SEM) to 166 +/- 1.85 mm Hg and from 122 +/- 5.9 to 168 +/- 3.1 mm Hg,
      respectively. Fractional sodium excretion rose from 2.31 +/- 0.34% to 5.09 +/-
      0.58% (P less than 0.001) after epinephrine and from 1.80 +/- 0.71 to 6.40 +/-
      1.0% (P less than 0.01) following carotid occlusion and vagotomy. In neither
      study, however, did we find that the increase in renal perfusion pressure changed
      the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (both kidneys) or fractional sodium delivery
      from the superficial cortical late distal tubule. Furthermore, we found that
      epinephrine infusion at a constant renal perfusion pressure (epinephrine, group
      II) did not affect fractional sodium excretion, although a small, but
      significant, decrease in the GFR and sodium delivery from the superficial late
      distal tubule occurred. These data suggest that the natriuresis which follows an
      acute elevation of the renal perfusion pressure cannot be attributed to enhanced
      sodium delivery from superficial nephrons but must result from (1) inhibition of
      sodium reabsorption in inner cortical nephrons or (2) an effect on sodium
      transport in the collecting system.

PMID- 975458
TI  - Reflex vascular capacity reduction in the dog.
AB  - The maximum degree and time course of active reflex venoconstriction in
      chloralose-anesthetized dogs was studied. The mean circulatory filling pressure
      (Pmc) was measured by fibrillating the heart and rapidly pumping blood from the
      aorta to the vena cava until the systemic arterial pressure equaled the central
      venous pressure. Ventricular fibrillation was continued for 1 minute and was
      assumed to induce maximal sympathetic discharge to the capacity vessels. Blood
      was removed to maintain the Pmc constant at the level determined at 8 seconds
      after the start of fibrillation. It was necessary to remove 13.8 ml/kg by the end
      of 1 minute. After autonomic nervous system blockade by hexamethonium only 4.8
      ml/kg were removed to hold the Pmc constant. Thus, in conclusion, the maximal
      degree of active venoconstriction induced by circulatory arrest was 9.0 ml/kg
      during the 1st minute of cardiac fibrillation. A basal capacity vessel tone was
      present, equivalent to 10 ml/kg under the experimental conditions used.

PMID- 975459
TI  - A delayed suppression of the renin-aldosterone axis following saline infusion in
      human hypertension.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the acute suppressibility of the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis in normotensive (n = 23) and essential
      hypertensive (n = 62) subjects. Only those hypertensive subjects with normal
      plasma renin activity (PRA) levels (sodium restricted, upright) were included in
      the study. Acute suppression of the RAA axis was determined by measuring PRA,
      plasma angiotensin II (A II), and plasma aldosterone (PA) at frequent intervals
      during the infusion of isotonic saline (500 ml/hour for 6 hours). Although all
      parameters fell significantly from control levels by 20-30 minutes in the
      normotensive subjects, we found that 60% of the hypertensive subjects showed no
      significant decline in PRA or PA until 120-240 minutes after beginning the
      infusion. The other hypertensive subjects showed normal RAA suppression. In
      addition, while there were no significant differences between the three groups in
      control PRA or PA levels, we found that the PA levels from 30 to 240 minutes
      during the saline were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the
      hypertensive subjects with delayed suppression. That there were two distinct
      populations in the hypertensive group was suggested by the bimodality of the
      frequency response curve, with peaks occurring at 30 and 240 minutes. These
      studies indicate an abnormality in the acute suppression of the RAA axis in a
      substantial proportion of subjects with normal renin essential hypertension.
      Since previous studies in normal subjects have reported that the early phase of
      response to saline infusion is related to the sodium ion per se and not to
      intravascular volume expansion, we have come to the conclusion that the present
      data are consistent with the hypothesis that the delayed suppression hypertensive
      group has a diminished ability to respond to the sodium ion.

PMID- 975460
TI  - Depression and enhancement of baroreceptor pressor response in cats after
      intracerebroventricular injection of noradrenergic blocking agents: dependence on
      supracollicular areas of the brain.
AB  - The alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs, phentolamine and Hydergine, both act
      centrally at different sites to depress and enhance the pressor and sympathetic
      nerve response to decreased baroreceptor afferent input in anesthetized cats.
      Depression of the rise in blood pressure and sympathetic nerve discharge during
      bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) followed injection of the agents into the 4th
      cerebral ventricle when the brain was intact but not when connections were
      interrupted at the midcollicular level by transection or lesion. Enhancement of
      responses occurred when drug distribution was confined to the brain rostral to
      the midcollicular level via injection into the 3rd cerebral ventricle with the
      cerebral aqueduct cannulated. Both agents decreased resting blood pressure and
      Hydergine decreased heart rate in intact and decerebrate preparations but not in
      3rd ventricle-cerebral aqueduct experiments. We found that pretreatment with the
      noradrenergic precursor. L-dopa consistently prevented depression by phentolamine
      but was less effective against Hydergine. The results indicate that mechanisms
      which enhance and suppress the baroreceptor pressor response are normally
      operative in anesthetized cats and, furthermore, that neural pathways mediating
      the effects are ones connecting the caudal brainstem with supracollicular levels
      of the brain. It is further suggested that the pathways may be noradrenergic.

PMID- 975461
TI  - Effect of quinidine and temperature on sodium uptake and contraction frequency of
      cultured rat myocardial cells.
AB  - The effects of quinidine and temperature on Na influx and contraction frequency
      of synchronously contracting rat myocardial cells in monolayer cultures were
      studied. Quinidine (10(-6) M to 10(-1) M) produced a prompt reduction in Na
      influx, maximum after 30 seconds of exposure, and dose-dependent along a sigmoid
      log dose-response curve. At 37 degrees C, Na influx (mumol/10(11) cells per sec)
      decreased from 30.19 to 24.70 (P less than 0.001) and 10.49 (P less than 0.001)
      on exposure to quinidine, 10(-6) and 10(-2) M, respectively. Simultaneously the
      contraction frequency decreased from a control of 120/min to 105/min and 48/min
      with 10(-6) M and 5 X 10(-4) M quinidine. At higher concentrations spontaneous
      contractions ceased. The effects on Na influx and contraction were reversible by
      washing the cells free of the drug (30 seconds). A temperature-dependent decrease
      in the Na influx between 37 degrees C and 22 degrees C also induced a decrease in
      contraction frequency. Between 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C the Q10 values for
      Na influx and contraction frequency were 2.41 and 2.44 respectively. Under all
      conditions tested there was a constant linear relationship (r = 0.98) between Na
      influx and contraction frequency for all values of Na influx greater than 11.82
      mumol/10(11) cells per sec. Na influx and contraction frequency were insensitive
      to tetrodotoxin (10(-5) g/ml) but very sensitive to verapamil and to changes in
      extracellular Na. Quinidine affected only the verapamil-sensitive Na influx. The
      results indicate a close relationship between verapamil-sensitive inward Na
      movement and automaticity in these cells and demonstrate that the quinidine
      induced changes in automaticity are closely linked to the effect on Na influx.

PMID- 975462
TI  - Inhibition of feline collateral vessel development following experimental
      thrombolic occlusion.
AB  - We compared development of feline hindlimb collateral circulation after acute
      occlusion of the terminal aorta by ligation, thrombus formation, and formation of
      a "closed" aortic loop containing thromboplastin. Collateral circulation
      development was assessed by aortograms, scintillation scans, neurological signs
      following occlusion, measurement of hindlimb muscle blood flow, and forelimb and
      hindlimb temperature. In cats in which aortic occlusion was the result of
      ligation or thromboplastin in the aortic loop, paralysis was not evident.
      Aortograms and scintillation scans indicated hindlimb blood flow. Both muscle
      temperature and blood flow data indicated that the return of blood flow was
      rapid. The 5th lumbar artery appears to be the origin of the collateral vessels.
      The mid-zone component is a dorsal and ventral vertebral route and an epaxial
      muscle route. The reentry components are the 6th or 7th lumbar arteries. The
      collateral vessels arise from preexisting collateral vessels. Of those cats in
      which aortic occlusion was the result of a thrombus, all exhibited paralysis.
      Aortograms, scintillation scans, muscle temperature, and hindlimb blood flow data
      indicated reduced hindlimb blood flow. The results suggest that the thrombus has
      an inhibitory effect on the development of collateral circulation.

PMID- 975463
TI  - Whither the ST segment during exercise.

PMID- 975464
TI  - Idiopathic prolapsed mitral leaflet syndrome. Angiographic-clinical correlations.
AB  - Angiographic clinical correlations were made in 59 patients with prolapsed mitral
      leaflet syndrome. Eight had nonejection systolic clicks (group I), 20 had early,
      mid or late systolic murmurs with or without a systolic click (group II), and 31
      had pansystolic murmurs (group III). Isolated prolapse of posterior leaflet (PL)
      scallops occurred in 42 and 17 had combined leaflet prolapse. The study
      demonstrated the following: (I) Group II patients usually had isolated PL
      prolapse with a predominant biscallop involvement while a high incidence of
      triple scallop prolapse and combined mitral leaflet prolapse occurred in group
      III. (II) Severe mitral regurgitation and a greater incidence of atrial
      fibrillation were seen in patients with triscallop prolapse and combined mitral
      leaflet prolapse. Mitral regurgitation was milder in patients with single and
      biscallop prolapse and, when severe, was associated with ruptured chordae. (III)
      ST-T wave abnormalities in the  inferior leads were most frequent in patients
      with isolated PL prolapse. (IV) Systolic and diastolic asynergy occurred in 41
      patients, most frequently in group II but also relatively frequently in group III
      (19 of 31). Segmental anterior dysfunction with normal ejection fraction was
      found in 18 patients, of whom 13 had early anterior wall relaxation. (V) Patients
      without asynergy were slightly older than those with it. More in the former group
      had severe mitral regurgitation and were clinically disabled from it.

PMID- 975465
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse. Two-dimensional echocardiographic and angiographic
      correlation.
AB  - In order to define baseline descriptive criteria for the diagnosis of mitral
      valve prolapse with cross-sectional echocardiography, 49 patients undergoing
      catheterization were examined by a real-time, two-dimensional phased array
      echocardiographic imaging system. Angiography was used to separate patients into
      two distinct groups: 15 with normal mitral valve function and 34 with definite
      mitral valve prolapse. Systolic mitral leaflet and annulus motion were then
      observed in each patient and similarities and differences were noted between the
      two groups of patients. Correlative M-mode echocardiographic data were available
      in 37 patients. Certain two-dimensional echocardiographic findings restricted to
      the angiographically proven mitral valve prolapse group were defined: 1)
      posteriorly displaced coaptation of the leaflets, 2) systolic superior movement
      of one or both mitral leaflets above the level of the mitral ring, and 3) a
      systolic curling motion of the posterior mitral ring on its adjacent myocardium.
      One or more of these abnormalities were found in all 34 patients with
      angiographic mitral valve prolapse. When mitral valve prolapse does occur, the
      results of two-dimensional echocardiography would suggest that both leaflets are
      usually involved.

PMID- 975466
TI  - Distribution of coronary artery disease. Prediction by echocardiography.
AB  - To assess the sensitivity of standard echocardiography in detecting ventricular
      motion abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) without prior
      myocardial infarction, 56 consecutive patients with a history of angina pectoris
      were studied during an angina-free period. In the 48 patients with adequate
      echocardiograms, the amplitude of septal and posterior wall motion in the high,
      mid, and low left ventricle was determined and used to predict prospectively in a
      blinded fashion the sites of angiographically-determined CAD. Twenty-eight of 35
      patients (80%) with disease of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) had
      diminished interventricular septal motion (P less than 0.001) and 14 of 27
      patients (52%) with disease of posterior vessels had diminished posterior wall
      motion on echocardiogram. When abnormalties of echocardiographic wall motion were
      compared with left ventriculography, the results were similar. Echocardiography
      may aid in predicting the presence and distribution of CAD, especially LAD
      disease.

PMID- 975467
TI  - Hemodynamic correlates of the normal aortic valve echogram. A study of sound,
      flow, and motion.
AB  - The aortic valve echogram was recorded in open chest dogs simultaneously with
      aortic flow, acceleration of flow, aortic and left ventricular pressures, and
      intracardiac phonocardiograms. Comparison of echographic with hemodynamic data
      showed the following: The aortic valve started its opening with the onset of
      flow, at the same point that left ventricular pressure exceeded aortic pressure.
      Complete valve opening preceded peak aortic flow by an average of 43 msec and the
      cusps started to move toward closure while flow was still accelerating. Final
      closure of the valve was achieved at the time of zero flow and preceded the
      aortic second sound by 4-10 msec. The echographically determined "valve orifice
      area" correlated well with aortic stroke volume (r = 0.94). The intensity of the
      aortic first sound was related to peak acceleration of aortic flow. The intensity
      of the second sound was not related to the amplitude of cusp motion but
      correlated well with the aortic pressure at the time of closure and with peak
      flow deceleration.

PMID- 975468
TI  - Echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output using the mitral valve and aortic
      root echo.
AB  - The current echo method for measuring cardiac output (CO) has various technical
      limitations and is based on the assumptions that the left ventricle is not
      dilated and that it contracts uniformly. We have taken a different approach to
      measuring CO by echo: CO = cross-sectional area of aortic root X left ventricular
      ejection time X mean aortic flow velocity X heart rate. Using the Fick method, 34
      measurements of CO were made in patients with normal aortic and mitral valves,
      with simultaneous echo recordings from the aortic and mitral valves. The systolic
      closure slope of the anterior mitral valve leaflet was assumed to represent the
      mean aortic flow velocity. CO by Fick and the proposed echo method correlated
      well, both in patients with (r = 0.94) and those without (r = 0.87) asynergy and
      the overall correlation was strong (r = 0.90). Using the conventional echo and
      Fick methods, a much weaker association was found between the two measurements in
      those patients with asynergy (r = 0.44) as opposed to those without asynergy (r =
      0.77).

PMID- 975469
TI  - The posterior aortic wall echocardiogram. Its relationship to left atrial volume
      change.
AB  - The normal posterior aortic wall echocardiogram shows anterior motion during left
      ventricular systole and predominantly posterior motion in three phases during
      left ventricular diastole. In six patients undergoing simultaneous left atrial
      angiograms and posterior aortic wall echocardiograms, there was excellent
      correlation between the posterior aortic wall motion and the change in the left
      atrial angiographic area showing the value of the posterior aortic wall
      echocardiogram in describing the left atrial volume curve. Left atrial and left
      ventricular pressures were measured with manometer tip catheters and correlated
      with simultaneous posterior aortic wall and mitral valve echocardiograms in four
      patients with atrial septal defects. These echocardiographic, angiographic, and
      hemodynamic correlations, as well as other evidence reported in this paper
      suggest that a major portion of posterior aortic wall motion is related to left
      atrial events and describes the left atrial volume curve.

PMID- 975470
TI  - The isovolumic contraction time of the left ventricle. An echographic study.
AB  - The echographic isovolumic contraction time (ICT) of the left ventricle (LV) was
      measured in order to assess alterations of LV performance in children with
      various forms of cardiac disease. The echographic ICT was defined as the interval
      between coaptation of the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets and aortic
      cusp opening. Four groups of patients were evaluated: normal (48); LV myocardial
      disease (20); patent ductus arterosus (PDA) (19); and aortic stenosis (AS) (15).
      In normal children ICT shortened with decreasing age and increasing heart rate.
      Isovolumic contraction time was more influenced by heart rate (HR) than age, but
      the relationship was still weak (r = 0.61). In patients with LV myocardial
      disease ICT was markedly prolonged, while in children with patent ductus
      arteriosus and aortic stenosis it was shortened as compared with normal children
      (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 975471
TI  - ST-segment variations after acute myocardial infarction. Relationship to clinical
      status.
AB  - The degree of vectorcardiographic ST-segment elevation was employed as an index
      of myocardial ischemic injury in a study of 27 patients after acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI). The ST-segment vector magnitude (STVM) was derived from the
      continuously recorded modified Frank vectorcardiogram and was plotted serially by
      hours after onset of AMI. The STVM in normal subjects was 51.1 +/- 7.1 muV (mean
      +/- SE). A standard deviation of the pooled variance of 15.2 muV was obtained in
      a group of control patients and a change of more than 2 SD (greater than 30 muV)
      in an individual STVM was considered to be significant. The STVM progressively
      decreased in patients who survived without clinical complications while it
      remained elevated in those with congestive heart failure. A modest, sustained re
      elevation of STVM was observed in patients who developed pericarditis, and a
      significant late average increase of 64 muV occurred in survivors with infarct
      extension. In contrast, STVM underwent a major increase in patients who died. In
      five of these six patients without associated pericarditis a mean increase of 164
      muV was recorded in the last 5-12 hours of life. While death was clinically
      predictable in two patients with cardiogenic shock, it was not so for the four
      other patients who died. Thus, major increases in STVM frequently suggested
      significant new ischemic injury and were often premonitory to sudden death after
      AMI. The increases preceding death implied that not only ventricular extopy but
      also lethal conduction abnormalities after AMI might be ischemia-related.

PMID- 975472
TI  - Electrophysiologic properties and response to pharmacologic agents of fibers from
      diseased human atria.
AB  - We used standard microelectrode techniques to record action potentials of human
      right atrial fibers obtained during cardiac surgery, and correlated these
      potentials with clinical and preoperative ECG data. Human atrial fibers were
      classified as follows: Group A (ten patients) had a maximum diastolic potential
      (MDP) of -71.4 +/- 5.1mV (mean +/- SD), and action potentials that were primarily
      fast responses. These atria were normal or slightly dilated. In group B (12
      patients) MDP was 50.3 +/- 5.7 mV; action potentials were slow responses and the
      atria were moderately to markedly dilated. Atrial arrhythmias occurred in four
      group B and no group A patients. The ECG revealed a signficant difference (P less
      than 0.005) in P wave duration: group A, 89 +/- 3.0 msec; group B, 111 +/- 6.0
      msec. Verapamil, 0.1 mg/L, markedly depressed only the action potential plateau
      of group A. Procainamide 1-100 mg/L had equivalent effects on fibers of both
      groups A and B, effects which were small at dosages of less than 40 mg/L.
      Procainamide did not depress slow response automaticity, but verapamil (0.1-1
      mg/L) did.

PMID- 975473
TI  - The natural history of trifascicular disease following permanent pacemaker
      implantation. Significance of continuing changes in atrioventricular conduction.
AB  - Seventy-two patients with trifasicular disease were followed for an average of 40
      months following permanent pacemaker insertion. The indications for pacemaker
      insertion were either electrocardiographic evidence of complete heart block with
      a wide QRS escape complex or a pattern of bifasicular block with either periods
      of Mobitz type II atrioventricular (A-V) block or a documented history of
      syncope. The patients were then divided into three groups depending on subsequent
      change in A-V conduction. There were 31 (43%) patients with no change in A-V
      conduction, 17 (24%) with increasing A-V block, and 24 (33%) with decreasing A-V
      block. The characteristics of these three groups, including age and sex
      distribution, were compared and found to be similar. The incidence of previous
      transmural myocardial infarction as determined by electrocardiographic criteria
      was higher in the group with decreasing block. Survival curves showed a
      significantly decreased probablity of surviving for those with decreasing block
      compared to both those with increasing block and those with no charge in
      conduction (P less than 0.03). We conclude that the probability of long-term
      survival was less in the group with decreasing block. This finding may be related
      to the greater prevalence of coronary heart disease in the patients.

PMID- 975474
TI  - The hemodynamic effects of induced supraventricular tachycardia in man.
AB  - The circulatory effects of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) were studied in
      eight patients who reported disabling symptoms during paroxysms of the
      arrhythmia. Supraventricular tachycardia was induced in each patient by rapid
      atrial pacing or with atrial premature stimuli. Hemodynamic parameters in sinus
      rhythm and following the initiation of SVT were recorded and compared. The
      following mean values were observed in sinus rhythm (SR) and SVT. Heart rate
      (beats/min): SR 79, SVT 183; P-R interval (msec): during SR, 154; during SVT,
      256; ratio of mean P-R intervals to mean R-R cycl lengths: SR 20%, SVT 76%;
      brachial artery pressures (mmHg): SR 141, SVT 99; cardiac index (L/min/m2): SR
      3.6, SVT 2.2; pulmonary artery pressures (mmHg): SR 18/7, SVT 26/15; peak right
      atrial pressures (mm Hg): SR 4, SVT 17. Large waves appeared in the right atrium
      during SVT due to atrial contraction against closed tricuspid valves. Pulsus
      alternans were observed in each case during SVT. Despite the presence of chest
      pain during SVT, the coronary arteries were normally patent in four patients who
      underwent coronary arteriography.

PMID- 975475
TI  - Thallium 201 myocardial imaging in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - The appearance of the right ventricular myocardium on thallium 201 myocardial
      perfusion images was evaluated in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension
      and compared to patients without pulmonary hypertension. Four groups of patients
      were studied: 1) eight normals, 2) five patients with angiographically documented
      coronary artery disease and normal pulmonary artery pressures, 3) ten patients
      with moderate to severe pulmonary parenchymal or vascular disease and documented
      pulmonary hypertension and 4) eight patients with chronic left ventricular
      dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension discovered during cardiac catheterization.
      The right ventricular free wall was visualized on the thallium 201 myocardial
      perfusion image in only one of eight normals (group 1) and in only one of the
      five patients with coronary artery disease (group 2) and measured 0.5 cm and 0.9
      cm in thickness, respectively. In patients with documented pulmonary hypertension
      the right ventricle was visualized on low contrast thallium 201 myocardial
      perfusion image in all patients. The apparent right ventricular free wall
      thickness measured from the ungated thallium 201 myocardial perfusion images was
      1.7 +/- 0.3 cm in group 3 and 1.5 +/- 0.2 cm in group 4. Right ventricular
      hypertrophy was detected by electrocardiography in only five of ten patients in
      group 3 and only one of eight patients in group 4. Thallium 201 myocardial
      perfusion imaging appears to be a useful technique for assessing the effects of
      chronic pulmonary hypertension on the right ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 975476
TI  - Spontaneous resolution of massive congenital tricuspid insufficiency.
AB  - Four cases of congenital tricuspid insufficiency (CTI) are presented in whom
      spontaneous improvement occured. There was no evidence of Ebstein's disease in
      three of the four. All presented with similar clinical and laboratory findings
      including massive cardiomegaly, mild to moderate congestive heart failure, and
      moderate to severe desaturation. Catheterization data demonstrated severe TI and
      right-to-left atrial shunting. During the period of follow-up, up to 3.5 years,
      all symptoms have spontaneously disappeared. Clinical and angiocardiographic
      evidence for minimal residual TI have remained. Right atrial and right
      ventricular volume measurements were markedly abnormal initially and returned to
      normal or near normal. These measurements may be a useful method for quantitating
      the severity of tricuspid insufficiency. The course of the three infants with
      massive CTI (without Ebstein's disease) differs from previous reports and may be
      important both in formulating future management plans and in defining the
      etiology of the disorder.

PMID- 975477
TI  - Right ventricular volume characteristics in ventricular septal defect.
AB  - Right and left ventricular volume characteristics were determined from biplane
      cineangiocardiography in 37 patients with isolated ventricular septal defects.
      Patients were divided into three categories as determined by the degree of left
      to-right shunt: small shunt-less than 35% of pulmonary blood flow (N=9); moderate
      shunt-35-49% (N=8), and large shunt-greater than 50% (N=20). Right ventricular
      (RV) end-diastolic volume was increased above normal in 15 of 20 studies
      performed in patients with large left-to-right shunts and averaged 159 +/- 10% of
      normal (P less than 0.001). In contrast, only one of the patients in the small
      shunt group and only half of the patients in the moderate shunt group showed
      increases in RV end-diastolic volume. The increase in RV volume was proportional
      to the corresponding increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, with the
      right ventricle ranging from 48 to 116% of LV end-diastolic volume (average 83%).
      Right ventricular ejection fraction was normal in all patient groups. Right
      ventricular outpur was increased commensurate with the increases in the RV end
      diastolic volume. These data indicate that substantial augmentation in RV end
      diastolic volume does occur in patients with isolated ventricular septal defects
      and large left-to-right shunts. These data can be explained by the significant
      diastolic and "isovolumic" shunting from left ventricle to right ventricle which
      occurs in these patients.

PMID- 975478
TI  - Quantitative analysis of pulmonary vascular disease in complete transposition of
      the great arteries.
AB  - Forty autopsy cases of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and 22
      autopsy cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD) were analyzed histologically for
      evidence of vascular damage due to pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). Positive
      correlations were generally observed between an index of pulmonary vascular
      disease (IPVD) and blood pressure of pulmonary circulation. No significant
      difference in IPVD was found between TGA and VSD in the first five months of
      life, when cases of each disease were compared at similar blood pressure levels.
      After that age, however, IPVD was much higher in TGA, and particularly severe PVD
      in this disease was demonstrated histologically. Morphometrical analysis of the
      pulmonary artery revealed hypertrophy of the muscular cost in response to
      elevated blood pressure. However, the progress of medial hypertrophy was retarded
      in TGA in the first five months, and medial thickness in arteries of cases of TGA
      older than five months was only 70% of that in VSD at the same blood pressure
      levels. Suppression of this process of reinforcement of the arterial wall in
      response to the stress of high pulmonary pressure was regarded as one of the
      important factors precipitating severe pulmonary vascular disease in
      transposition of the great arteries.

PMID- 975479
TI  - Results of a two-year health education campaign on dietary behavior. The Stanford
      Three Community Study.
AB  - A two-year, bilingual mass-media health education campaign was carried out in two
      communities with a third serving as control. In one of the two treated
      communities, personal couseling of high risk individuals ("intensive
      instruction") took place. Dietary behavior, before and after the campaigns, was
      assessed using a dietary questionnaire which estimated the average daily
      consumption by participants of cholesterol, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated
      fat. Both intensive instruction and the mass-media campaigns led to significant
      reductions (20-40%) in cholesterol and saturated fat consumption in both men and
      women, with intensively instructed men tending to outperform men exposed to mass
      media alone. In general, the improvements in the treated communities were
      maintained over the two years of the study, whereas the initial small drops in
      the control community at the end of the first year were followed by recidivism
      during the second year. Polyunsaturated fat consumption fell slightly in all
      three communities so that increases in P/S ratios in the two treated communities
      were of only modest degree. Mean changes in plasma cholesterol concentration for
      the various cohorts under study were higly correlated with those which would have
      been predicted on the basis of the self-reported changes in dietary behavior. The
      results indicate that mass-media health education campaigns can lead to
      significant changes in dietary practices in the general population with
      potentially important public health implications.

PMID- 975480
TI  - Bilateral ductal origin of the pulmonary arteries. Systemic-pulmonary arterial
      anastomosis as first stage in planned total correction.
AB  - Absence of continuity between the heart and the pulmonary arteries has the
      potential for total correction. When the pulmonary arteries are narrow, a
      palliative first stage systemic-pulmonary arterial anastomosis serves to enlarge
      the pulmonary arteries so that, with time, they become of adequate caliber for
      total correction. In a case with bilateral ductal origin of pulmonary arteries,
      palliative anastomosis between the aorta and right pulmonary artery was performed
      as the first stage in a program planned for ultimate total correction.

PMID- 975481
TI  - Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma involving the heart. An echocardiographic, angiographic
      and pathologic study.
AB  - A 12-year-old girl, who had had an above-knee amputation of the left leg for a
      soft tissue sarcoma six years prior to this admission, presented with syncope,
      angina, and signs of aortic stenosis. Echocardiography demonstrated a mass
      arising from the interventricular septum with obstruction of the left ventricular
      outflow tract and aortic valve. Cardiac catheterization and angiography confirmed
      these findings. At operation, a tumor was found involving the interventricular
      septum. Histologically, it was an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and it appeared
      similar to the previous tumor. The patient was treated by partial surgical
      resection, cytotoxic drugs and localized radiation therapy and has been followed
      by serial echocardiography.

PMID- 975482
TI  - Blood pressure and rate-pressure product in angina.

PMID- 975483
TI  - Lidocaine for VF.

PMID- 975484
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 975485
TI  - BBB and H-V prolongation.

PMID- 975486
TI  - Annuloplasty vs MV replacement in a developing country.

PMID- 975487
TI  - Audibility of S1.

PMID- 975488
TI  - Chronic hypersensitivity lung disease with recurrent episodes of hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis due to a contaminated central humidifer.
AB  - A child with a 4-year history of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms of
      unknown aetiology was investigated for hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Lung disease
      due to inhalation of material from a contaminated central humidifier was
      suggested by the clinical history, the presence of precipitating antibodies in
      the serum against the humidifier water, a pulmonary response to challenge with
      the humidifier water, and marked improvement after removal of the humidifier. No
      fungi were cultured from the humidifier nor were antibodies against a number of
      fungal antigens identified by radioimmunoassay inhibition techniques. Antigenic
      material was found in the humidifier water and the household water prior to its
      reaching the humidifier. This antigenic material was not found in laboratory tap
      water supplied from the same general source (Lake Michigan) but from a different
      pumping station. Three of the child's siblings gave histories suggestive of a
      single concurrent episode of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis and one sibling
      had a history suggestive of chronic hypersensitivity lung disease. No association
      could be found between HLA-haplotypy and disease in the patient and the siblings.

PMID- 975489
TI  - The effect of a new anti-allergic drug ICI 74, 9I7, given by aerosol, on nasal
      stenosis induced by allergen.
AB  - Nasal airways resistance was measured in ten patients with allergic rhinitis
      during intranasal application of an extract of grass pollen. Pretreatment with
      placebo did not inhibit the increase in nasal airways resistance, whereas ICI
      74,917 administered from a pressurized aerosol gave almost complete protection.
      ICI 74,917 was well tolerated and no evidence was obtained of local
      hyposensitization during the period of the study.

PMID- 975490
TI  - Oral aspirin challenges in asthmatic patients: a study of plasma histamine.
AB  - Under carefully controlled conditions, seven aspirin-intolerant asthmatic
      patients were challenged with oral aspirin and experienced respiratory tract
      reactions with a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) ranging from
      26 to 64%. Venous blood samples, which were collected during the challenges,
      showed a rise in plasma histamine in all seven patients. The increase in plasma
      histamine occurred at the onset of their respiratory reactions and those patients
      with the most severe asthmatic responses were found to have the highest and most
      prolonged levels of plasma histamine. The aspirin-intolerant asthmatic patients
      were able to ingest Maalox or sodium salicylate without untoward effects, decline
      in FEV1 values or changes in plasma histamine levels. Ten non-asthmatic
      individuals and eight out of ten asthmatic control patients were able to ingest
      aspirin without any reactions or changes in their plasma histamine levels.
      However, two asthmatic control individuals, with severe asthma requiring
      treatment with moderate dosages of corticosteroids, were found to have elevated
      pre-challenge plasma histamine levels which increased during their ASA challenges
      despite the absence of respiratory reactions or changes in FEV1 values. It is
      possible that these two individuals were unsuspected aspirin-intolerant
      asthmatics. These studies demonstrate that asthmatic reactions to
      acetylsalicylates are associated with release of histamine into plasma in the
      subgroup of asthmatic patients with the aspirin-intolerance syndrome. Such a
      finding suggests that histamine may be one of the mediators of bronchospasm in
      aspirin-induced asthma.

PMID- 975491
TI  - Value of lymphoblast transformation test in cow's milk protein intestinal
      intolerance.
AB  - Lymphoblast transformation tests were carried out in the presence of alpha
      lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. In patients with cow's milk protein
      intestinal intolerance in seventeen of forty-five (37.8%) the lymphoblast
      transformation tests were positive. Sensitization in the first month of life
      seemed to favour lymphoblast transformation. In control children in only four of
      forty-three (9.5%) the lymphoblast transformation tests were positive, the
      difference from intolerant patients being significant 0.01 less than P less than
      0.001. Lymphoblast transformation tests were negative in the seven children with
      active coeliac disease. Although a negative test does not exclude cow's milk
      protein intolerance, lymphoblast transformation tests can be considered a useful
      aid in diagnosis because of its specificity.

PMID- 975492
TI  - An application of non-linear regression analysis to tests of liver function.
AB  - Serum samples from 42 cases of acute hepatitis were analysed for up to 10 tests
      of liver function. The results of these tests were then analysed by standard
      statistical methods. A curve fitting exercise was performed and regression
      coefficients and comparative data were calculated for each of six curve types,
      relating to each pair of liver function tests. The correlation coefficients found
      were then tested for significance. From the 216 correlation coefficients tested
      eleven were found to be highly significant (p less than 0.001) and of these,
      seven were of non-linear regression curves. Examples have been given of the use
      of regression equations in assessing the relative sensitivities of different
      tests at levels on the borderline of the normal range.

PMID- 975493
TI  - Elevation of serum creatine kinase in severe hypokalemic hyperaldosteronism.
AB  - The association between hypokalemia and increased serum creatine kinase has been
      investigated. Two patients were found who had severe hypokalemic
      hyperaldosteronism who had elevation of serum creatine kinase activity. The CPK
      activity returned to normal values after fluid and potassium replacement. In a
      prospective study of 129 patients with hypokalemia which did not include any
      patients with hyperaldosteronism, 12 were found to have increased CPK activity
      but each of these had some other severe disease process which could account for
      the increased CPK. Three other patients with K+ (2.2 MEq/1 did not have increased
      CPK. It is concluded that patients with severe hypokalemia such as that occurring
      in hyperaldosteronism with muscle weakness may have elevated CPK directly related
      to their hypokalemia. In other patients with hypokalemia, 10% may have increased
      CPK but this is related to other disease processes.

PMID- 975494
TI  - Plasma and urinary aldosterone measurement in healthy subjects with a
      radioimmunoassay kit not requiring chromatography.
AB  - We examined the application of a radioimmunoassay kit, not requiring
      chromatography, to the measurement of aldosterone in healthy human subjects.
      Plasma aldosterone, urinary aldosterone, and plasma renin activity measurements
      were performed on samples from 47 subjects under conditions in which dietary
      sodium intake, posture, and times of sample collection were rigidly controlled.
      Nomograms are presented to illustrate the continuous, rather well defined,
      inverse relationship between 24 h sodium excretion and aldosterone measurements
      in plasma and urine. Mean plasma and urinary aldosterone values for subjects on
      normal sodium diets were 0.332+/-0.211 nmol/liter and 36.6+/-18.6 nmol/24 h and
      agreed well with previously reported values. A significant (p less than 0.05
      increase in 24 h urinary aldosterone, plasma aldosterone and plasma renin
      activity resulted with decreased dietary sodium intake and conversely, a
      significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in each hormone occurred with increased
      dietary sodium intake. Rising from the supine to upright position resulted in a
      230% increase in plasma aldosterone concentrations and a 284% increase in plasma
      renin activity.

PMID- 975495
TI  - Estimation of amitriptyline and its metabolites in serum and urine by GLC using
      nitrogen-specific detector.
AB  - 1. A gas-chromatographic procedure for the estimation of amitriptyline and its
      metabolites in serum and urine using a nitrogen-specific detector is described.
      Specially cleaned glassware and purified solvents are used for the extraction of
      serum to further minimize extraneous peaks. Trimethylamine is added to serum
      before extraction to improve the recovery of drugs. Urine is refluxed at pH
      approximately 1 to hydrolyze the conjugates and to convert hydroxymetabolites to
      corresponding dehydro compounds. Serum is not hydrolyzed. 2. Two internal
      standards, one a tertiary amine similar in structure to amitriptyline and the
      other a secondary amine similar in structure to nortriptyline, are added to the
      specimen prior to extraction to obviate the need for accurate measurements of
      volumes during extraction and analysis. Urine and serum are washed with organic
      solvents at acidic pH to remove neutral and acidic impurities. Secondary bases
      are converted to their acetyl derivatives. 3. In the serum of a patient who is on
      amitriptyline therapy or who has ingested an overdose of amitriptyline,
      nortriptyline, a pharmacologically active metabolite is also measured. However,
      detection or estimation of hydroxymetabolites in serum is not clinically
      relevant. Hydroxylation index of an individual patient is determined by measuring
      the ratio of nortriptyline to its hydroxymetabolite in urine. 4. Amitriptyline
      and nortriptyline can be estimated in serum at a lower level of 10 and 20 ng/ml
      respectively. The procedure is linear over a wide range of amitriptyline and its
      metabolites. The use of an electronic integrator allows the estimation of
      different compounds with 100 fold difference in their concentration from the same
      chromatogram.

PMID- 975496
TI  - Bilirubin quantitation with lipemic plasma.

PMID- 975497
TI  - Iterpretation of clinical chemical data with the aid of automatic data
      processing.
AB  - I summarize conventional applications of computers in clinical laboratories and
      discuss the possible role of the computer in providing assistance in
      interpretation of laboratory data through the use of data bases. The data bases
      include effects of drugs on the results of laboratory tests, factors influencing
      references values, and conversion factors for converting data from conventional
      units to SIunits. Reported diagnostic applications of the computer are discussed
      with reference to both clinically oriented and laboratory oriented programs.

PMID- 975498
TI  - Determination of phenprocoumon, an anticoagulant, in human plasma.
AB  - Phenprocoumon is extracted from acidified plasma, the organic phase evaporated,
      and part of the residue, in ethanol, is quantitatively applied to a thin-layer
      plate. After separation, the quantity of phenprocoumon is assayed by fluorescence
      densitometry in situ. Results are reproducible to about 2.5%. The lower limit of
      detection is 0.1 mg/liter, which makes the method fully applicable to human
      plasma, because therapeutic concentrations range from 1 to 3 mg/liter. Seven
      determinations can be made within 3 h. For toxicological purposes, a qualitative
      analysis can be done in a shorter time, because the phenprocoumon spots are
      visible under ultraviolet light at 254 nm.

PMID- 975499
TI  - Use of cholesterol oxidase for assay of total and free cholesterol in serum by
      continuous-flow analysis.
AB  - Idescribe an assay for total cholesterol in serum, with use of the AutoAnalyzer
      ii (Technicon), in which cholesterol esters are saponified by alkali, cholesterol
      is held in aqueous micellar solution with a surfactant (Triton X-100) and
      oxidized by cholesterol oxidase, and the hydrogen peroxide produced is measured
      by chelation with Ti4+ and xylenol orange. An assay for free cholesterol in
      serum, based on similar principles, is also described, and the two can be run
      simultaneously on a dual-channel AutoAnalyzer II. Standard solutions of
      cholesterol in isopropanol have poorer carryover characteristics than sera, and
      therefore do not reach the same continuous-flow steady state as sera of
      equivalent concentrations. Consequent potential calibration errors are avoided by
      using micellar solutions of cholesterol containing albumin for standardization.
      The formation of cholesterol peroxide in solutions of cholesterol in isopropanol
      is demonstrated, and this constitutes another potential source of error in the
      calibration of enzymic cholesterol assays. In analyzing patients' sera, results
      of the total cholesterol assay correlate well with those of a mechanized method
      in which cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase are used; an automated
      Abell method, calibrated with solutions of cholesterol in isopropanol, gave
      slightly higher values. Determinations of the ratio of free cholesterol to total
      cholesterol by our automated cholesterol exidase assays given values that agree
      well with published results in which digitonin precipitation is used.

PMID- 975500
TI  - Microcalorimetric determination of glucose in reference samples of serum.
AB  - Ireport a detailed series of microcalorimetric measurement of glucose
      concentrations in five reference samples of serum. The method utilized (a)
      calibration in the actual medium of analysis and (b) a correction for
      interferences owing to the nonspecificity of the enzyme hexokinase. The
      microcalorimetric results are compared with the tentative results of analyses
      obtained by the spectrophotometric hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      method and by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. In most cases, the
      microcalorimetric results appear to be in agreement with the results obtained by
      these latter two methods. A discussion of the basis of the microcalorimetric
      measurements is presented.

PMID- 975501
TI  - Automated method for L-carnitine determination.
AB  - Because of renewed interest in a possible connection between carnitine, lipid
      disorders, and myopathy, an automated method of analysis is desirable.
      Deproteinization of serum by use of membrane filter cones and automated assay
      with a bichromatic analyzer (the ABA-100) substantially increases efficiency
      without sacrificing the specificity and accuracy of the original manual enzymatic
      method. The described procedure allows for analysis of 80 speciments a day and is
      thus suitable for screening of selected populations. Normal values found in blood
      sera of adults were in the range of 25.0-73.8 mu mol/liter and the method has
      sufficient sensitivity to accurately measure concentrations as small as 10 mu
      mol/liter.

PMID- 975502
TI  - Determination of serum retinol (vitamin A) by high-speed liquid chromatography.
AB  - We report a fast and simple high-speed liquid-chromatographic assay for serum
      retinol. Only 100 mul of serum is required. The lower detection limit is 50
      mug/liter; linearity was demonstrated up to 1.50 mg/liter. On analyzing a serum
      pool eight times, a CV of 2.5% was obtained. Values by this method are compared
      with results obtained by a flurometric method [Clin. Chem. 16, 766(1970)].

PMID- 975503
TI  - Automated method for determination of mercury in urine.
AB  - I describe a sensitive, specific, automated method for determination of mercury
      in urine by the "flameless atomic absorption" technique. One can analyze 20
      samples per hour, with less than 0.5-ml samples of urine. The detection limit is
      0.01 mumol/liter (2mug/liter) and the mean coefficient of variation 12%. The
      procedure is being used to monitor mercury excretion by workers exposed to
      mercury.

PMID- 975504
TI  - Amino acid composition of human nail, as measured by gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - We describe a quantitative method for determination of histidine and 16 other
      amino acids in a nail hydrolysate. This is based on the formation of
      trifluoroacetyl amino acid methyl esters and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis
      with use of two columns of mixed stationary phases. Histidine is determined as a
      triple derivative Nalpha-trifluroacetyl-Nim-carbethoxy methyl histidinate. The
      specificity and reproducibility of the method are illustrated. As little as 1 mg
      of amino acid per gram of nail can be determined, and 15 hydrolysates can be
      completely analyzed in 10 working days. Data obtained from multiple analyses of
      10 nail hydrolysates by the method described closely parallel those obtained in
      another laboratory, in which an amino acid analyzer was used.

PMID- 975505
TI  - Direct enzymatic determination of urea in plasma and urine with a centrifugal
      analyzer.
AB  - A direct enzymatic micromethod (sample volume, 3mul) has been adapted to the
      centrifugal analyzer (ENI-GEMSAEC) for measurement of urea in plasma and urine.
      The method is based on urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC3.5.1.5)/glutamate
      dehydrogenase [l-glutamate:NAD(P)+oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC1.41.3] coupled
      reactions, and uses a two-point fixed-time (t(1)=20s,t(2)=50s)kinetic scheme for
      monitoring the rate of comsumption of NADH at 340 nm. Sensitivity and precision
      of the method are excellent,and results compare well with those from a commonly
      used continuous-flow method.

PMID- 975506
TI  - Comparison of procedures for extracting free amino acids from polymorphonuclear
      lekocytes.
AB  - We studies five methods for extracting amino acids from human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes. Both the use of cell lysis and of a deproteinizing agent interfere
      with quantitative determination of the amino acids, basic amino acids being the
      most sensitive to the extraction procedure. Among the methods used, disruption of
      the cells by freezing-thawing is the best method for extracting all the amino
      acids. Taurine is the only amino acid extracted in the same amount by all the
      methods studied, and it represents half of the intracellular pool.

PMID- 975507
TI  - Detection and quantitation of phencyclidine in blood by use of [(2)H(5)]
      phencyclidine and select ion monitoring applied to non-fatal cases of
      phencyclidine intoxication.

PMID- 975508
TI  - Cholesterol oxidase-based determination, by continuous-flow analysis, of total
      and free cholesterol in serum.
AB  - We describe a continuous-flow, automated determination of total cholesterol in
      serum, which is based on enzymatic hydrolysis of cholesterol esters, oxidation of
      cholesterol by cholesterol oxidase, and colorimetric measurement of liberated
      perioxide with 4-aminoantipyrine, phenol, and peroxidase. Free cholesterol is
      determined with the same AutoAnalyzer II manifold and reagents, except that
      cholesterol esterase is omitted from the reagent. Cholesterol-in-serum materials
      that have been assayed by an established method are used for calibration. We
      found this approach to be necessary because primary cholesterol standards in
      organic solvents are incompatible with the aqueous reagent. Results of the
      enzymatic total cholesterol method correlated well with those by an AutoAnalyzer
      II method which involves an extraction with isopropanol and the Liebermann
      Burchard color reaction (total cholesterol, g/liter, yenz= 0991xlb
      +0.05;r=0.996). Results of the enzymatic free cholesterol procedure agreed
      satisfactorily with one in which free cholesterol is precipitated as the
      digitonide and subsequently analyzed colorimetrically with the Liebermann
      Burchard reaction (free cholesterol, %, yenz = 0.982xdig -0.7;r= 0.956).

PMID- 975509
TI  - Kinetic determination of hexosaminidases for Tay-Sachs heterozygote screening.
AB  - We describe a method for continuous kinetic measurement of hexosaminidase
      activity, and have applied it to detection of heterozygotes for Tay-Sachs gene.
      In contrast to existing single-point methods, a ph of 4.5, which is optimal for
      hexosaminidase activity on the substrate (4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-beta-d
      glucosaminide) is maintained while the increase in fluorescence produced by 4
      methylumbelliferone, the reaction product, is being determined. Under the
      conditions described the reaction follows zero-order kinetics, and activity is
      linearly related to serum dilution. There is a fairly narrow but practicable
      range of optimal substrate concentration. The presence of substrate in
      concentrations exceeding 1 mmol/liter results in progressive quenching of
      fluorescence and a decrease in apparent enzyme activity. The procedure is
      standardized with 4-methylumbelliferone in a solution of the substrate. This
      method is adaptable to use with automated multiple-point discrete-sample devices
      and especially with the fluorometric kinetic analyzers now being developed.

PMID- 975510
TI  - Gas-chromatographic analysis for 1,2:5,6-dianhydrogalactitol, an anti-neoplastic
      agent, in plasma.
AB  - We describe a gas chromatographic method for measuring submicrogram quantities of
      dianhydrogalactitol, a promising antineoplastic agent (currently undergoing
      clinical trials in humans), in plasma. The drug is first extracted from blood
      plasma by saturating the aqueous phase with solid potassium carbonate and
      extracting with isopropanol/chloroform (9/1 by vol). It is then converted to the
      corresponding n-butaneboronic ester by reaction at room temperature with
      butaneboronic acid and chromatographed on an SE-30 (3%) column, with flame
      ionization detection. Practicality of the method for monitoring drug distribution
      was demonstrated by administering dianhydrogalactitol in therapeutic doses to a
      dog and monitoring its concentrations in blood for the next 2 h.

PMID- 975511
TI  - Clinical usefulness of measuring prothrombin time as a routine admission test.
AB  - A questionnaire indicating the presence of a history or physical findings
      consistent with liver desease or bleeding disorders was completed by house
      officers on 301 admissions to a Veterans Administration medical service. Each
      patient had prothrombin time determined on admission. Only two of 107 patients
      for whom the prothrombin time was measured as a screening test had an abnormal
      results and one of these was normal when repeated. Of 73 patients with a history
      of alcoholism but no other pertient case history or physical examination results,
      only one had an abnormal prothrombin time. Of the remaining 121 patients, who had
      a pertinent history or physical examination, 41 had an abnormal admission
      prothrombin time. We conclude that measurement of prothrombin time adds little
      additional information to that obtained by history and physical examination in
      screening for liver disease and coagulation defects unless the patient has
      specific clinical evidence of liver disease, anticoagulation, or other conditions
      predisposing to bleeding disorders.

PMID- 975512
TI  - A faster radioimmunoassay of progesterone in plasma, with use of polyethylene
      glycol as precipitant.
AB  - We report a reliable radioimmunoassay for plasma progesterone in which
      polyethylene glycol ("Carbowax 6000") is used to separate antibody-bound and free
      hormone. Initially, progesterone is concentrated by putting the sample through a
      column of LH-20 Sephadex. Procedural losses in each sample are not monitored. We
      compared the reliability and practicality of this method with that of another
      method in which procedural losses are monitored for each sample; accuracy and
      precision were similar. Our method saves technical assay time and scintillation
      counter space and time without sacrificing reliability.

PMID- 975513
TI  - High-pressure liquid-chromatographic determination of 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5
      phenylhydantoin in humanurine.
AB  - We describe a sensitive and precise high-pressure liquid-chromatographic method
      for measurement of total 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, a metabolite of
      phenytoin, in urine. An aliquot of urine, containing 5-(4-methylphenyl)-5
      phenylhydantoin as an internal standard, is processed and chromatographed. The
      metabolite and internal standard are identified from their retention times and
      quantitated from their relative response factors. The metabolite is separated
      from normal urine constituents and internal standard in less than 8 min. The
      sensitivity of the method is such that after the usual dose it can be measured in
      0.5 ml of urine; the lower limit of detection is 300 ng.

PMID- 975514
TI  - Proficiency testing for blood-gas quality control.
AB  - We have conducted a voluntary, community blood-gas proficiency testing program,
      with use of tonometered human blood, for 32 analyzers located in 16 laboratories.
      Instruments initially showed inaccuracies as large as -30.8 to +17.3% for po(2),
      and -14.0 to +42.9% for pco(2), but inaccuracy and imprecision decreased in most
      laboratories during the program. For a typical 15-week period, mean group
      precision (CV) was 4.3 To 5.1% for po(2) from 6.92 to 33.3 Pa (52 to 250 mmHg),
      and 4.0 to 6.9% for pco(2) from 2.0 to 6.8 Pa (15 to 51 mmHg). This program can
      detect increasing imprecision or inaccuracy caused by analyzer deterioration, and
      can identify interlaboratory or interinstrument bias and problems not detected by
      participant quality-control programs. Participants have used the proficiency
      information in discussing data quality with clinicians, promoting internal
      control and maintenance programs, and justifying instrument purchases. We believe
      that proficiency-testing documentation of variability in blood-gas analysis may
      help to establish realistic patient-care protocols.

PMID- 975515
TI  - Results for serum cholesterol and triglycerides by gas-liquid chromatography, as
      compared with a continuous-flow technique.
AB  - We assessed the usefulness of gas-liquid chromatography forthe routine and
      reference measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (triacylglycerols).
      Compared with results obtained by an AutoAnalyzer II method, correlation was good
      with both serum specimens (triglycerides, r = 0.88; cholesterol, r = 0.90) and
      lipoprotein fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation (triglycerides, r = 0.98;
      cholesterol, r = 0.98). However, none of the comparisons was completely free of
      analytical bias, and in general the AutoAnalyzer method underestimated the
      cholesterol value and overestimated triglycerides. The obvious advantage of the
      AutoAnalyzer is its greater analytical speed, but the chromatographic method
      appeared to be more accurate and precise and to suffer less from interfering
      substances, and in addition gave information about the cholesterol ester and
      triglyceride composition. We expect gas-liquid chromatography to be of major
      importance in the calibration of other analytical methods.

PMID- 975516
TI  - Gas-chromatographic analysis for therapeutic concentration of imipramine and
      disipramine in plasma, with use of a nitrogen detector.
AB  - We describe a method for the simultaneous gas-chromatographic analysis of
      imipramine and desipramine (the active N-desmethyl metabolite) at therapeutic
      concentrations in human plasma, with use of a nitrogen detector. Imipramine is
      measured as the unchanged base and desipramine as its N-tribluoroacetyl
      derivative. Promazine is the internal standard. The lower limit of sensitivity is
      5 mug/liter for each drug, and the within-day coefficients of variation for the
      determination of imipramine and desipramine, respectively, are 6.0% and 3.3%. We
      measured concentrations of these drugs both in patients receiving therapeutic
      doses of imipramine and in those who had ingested an overdose.

PMID- 975517
TI  - Enzymatic, fluorometric assay of alpha-amylase in serum.
AB  - An enzymatic, fluorometric method for kinetic assay of serum alpha-amylase
      (1,4alpha-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1) is described. A soluble starch
      is used as substrate, in tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine buffer. All measurements
      are made in Pyrex cuvettes at 37 degrees C, with a reaction volume of 1.16 ml.
      The assay is based on the following reaction sequence: (see article) The rate of
      appearance of fluorescence of NADH (lambdaex = 365 nm, lambdaem = 460 nm),
      developed in the indicator reaction (4), is measured and equated to the activity
      of alpha-amylase in serum. A calibration plot of the change of fluorescence per
      min vs. enzyme concentration shows a good proportionality in the range of 0.50
      5.0 kU/liter.

PMID- 975518
TI  - Comparison of results by three kit methods for assay of serum gastrin.
AB  - We evaluated and compared Nuclear International, Schwarz/Mann, and Squibb kit
      methods for measurement of serum gastrin with respect to intra-run precision,
      analytical recovery of added gastrin, and values obtained for healthy fasting
      adults and for selected patients. As a result of this study, the Schwarz/Mann kit
      was chosen for use in our laboratory.

PMID- 975519
TI  - Modified determination of total and inorganic mercury in urine by cold vapor
      atomic absorption sectrometry.
AB  - In this procedure a single-beam spectrophotometer is used without background
      correction. By the method of Magos [Analyst (London) 96, 847 (1971)] mercury in
      undigested urine is complexed to L-cysteine in acid solution. At high pH and in
      the presence of stannous ions, mercury ions are reduced to elemental mercury. The
      mercury vapor is partitioned above the reagent solution in a specially designed
      chemical reduction apparatus similar in principle to that used by Kubasik et al.
      [Clin. Chem. 18, 1326 (1972)]. The vapor is then flushed by air through an
      "absorption" cell, where the absorption of the mercury line at 253.7 nm is
      measured. The value obtained for inorganic mercury subtracted from that for total
      mercury gives a value for organic mercury. CV's for the inorganic mercury
      procedure at 40 and 5 mug/liter concentrations were 3.1% and 7.5%, respectively.
      The detection limit is 0.82 mug/liter. The CV for the total-mercury procedure (20
      mug/liter) was 2.6%. Mean analytical recoveries of organic and inorganic mercury
      were 96.5% and 101%, respectively. We investigated storage conditions for urine
      and compared results by the present technique with those by activation analysis.
      Our method is a convenient way to screen individuals who have been exposed to a
      mercury hazard.

PMID- 975520
TI  - Use of values for calcium and protein in serum, and of a derived index obtained
      from a probability population sample.
AB  - We measured serum protein and calcium concentrations in 2340 individuals between
      10 and 96 years of age from 900 families chosen by probability methods to give a
      representative population. These values were used to calculate an index, based on
      a regression analysis of serum protein on calcium, which was then treated as a
      new variable. Age-sex specific reference values and frequency distributions are
      presented for this index as well as for protein and calcium calculated by both
      parametric and nonparametric methods.

PMID- 975521
TI  - Interference by acetaminophen in the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for blood
      glucose determination.
AB  - Acetaminophen, p-aminophenol, and oxyphenbutazone interfere with the glucose
      oxidase/peroxidase method for glucose. Structurally related compounds that lack a
      free phenolic hydroxyl group (acetanilide, aniline, and phenylbutazone) do not
      interfere. During the analytical procedure acetaminophen is consumed. One mole of
      acetaminophen leads to an apparent loss of four moles of glucose. The
      hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method (Boehringer Hexokinase
      method) is not affected by these substances.

PMID- 975522
TI  - Reduced variation of tracer binding in digoxin radioimmunoassay by use of (125I)
      labeled tyrosine-methyl-ester derivative: relation of thyroxine concentration to
      binding.
AB  - Between-sample variation in tracer binding in the 125I-labeled digoxin
      radioimmunoassay was investigated with two tracers, 3-O-succinyl-digoxigenin
      [125I]-labeled tyrosine and [125I]-labeled tyrosine-methyl-ester-digoxin. Digoxin
      free serum samples having various concentrations of thyroxine were assayed with
      both tracers. The percentage of tracer bound when the samples were assayed with
      the first-mentioned tracer was increased significantly for the low thyroxine
      groups when compared to the normal (P less than 0.001) or the high thyroxine
      groups (P less than 0.05). Little difference existed when the latter tracer was
      used. There was variation in tracer binding when serum from dogs dosed with
      thyrotropin was assayed with the first tracer, but there was little variation
      with the second. Tracer binding may be influenced by thyroxine-binding proteins.
      Variation in tracer binding appears to be reduced when [125I]-labeled tyrosine
      methyl-ester-digoxin is used.

PMID- 975523
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase measured by using thymol blue monophosphate and a
      bichromatic analyzer.
AB  - Thymol blue monophosphate is evaluated as a substrate for use in kinetic
      bichromatic analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The effect of
      abnormally high concentrations of hemoglobin, bilirubin, or chylomicrons is
      negligible. The expected range for ambulatory adults established by assaying sera
      from 206 blood donors, was 12-44 U/lliter at 37 degrees C. Comparison of the
      method with a commonly used p-nitrophenyl phosphate method yielded a correlation
      coefficient, r, of 0.9949. Advantages of the method are the reduced cost per test
      and the exceptionally stable substrate.

PMID- 975524
TI  - Interference by creatine with determination of serum creatine kinase.

PMID- 975526
TI  - Selection of assay tubes for radioassay procedures.

PMID- 975525
TI  - Adaptation of the acid citrate--agar gel method for hemoglobin electrophoresis.

PMID- 975527
TI  - Simple modification of a liquid scintillation counter to decrease cost of and
      time for radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive modification in the elevator mechanism of a liquid
      scintillation counter allows for radioimmunoassay tubes (12 X 75 mm) containing
      the antibody-bound radioligand to be counted directly, thereby obviating the need
      for counting vials and considerably decreasing the amount of fluor used.
      Furthermore, because assay and counting are all done in the same tube, the
      modification shortens assay time and increases precision by avoiding what is
      often the most time consuming and inaccurate step, the transfer of antibody-bound
      radioligand to a counting vial. We find that use of this modification results in
      about a 75% decrease in the overall cost for materials and a substantial decrease
      in assay time.

PMID- 975528
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB activity in serum of a patient with gastric cancer.

PMID- 975529
TI  - Therapeutic and toxic drug concentrations: a correction.

PMID- 975530
TI  - Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity by serum albumin.

PMID- 975531
TI  - Why measure total serum Ca?

PMID- 975532
TI  - More on creatine kinase isoenzyme MB determination.

PMID- 975533
TI  - Preparation of stable creatine kinase isoenzyme controls (MM, MB, BB)

PMID- 975534
TI  - Electrical interference with recorders from a paging system.

PMID- 975535
TI  - Sources of error in measuring ferritin.

PMID- 975536
TI  - Contaminant(s) in phase-separating papers.

PMID- 975537
TI  - Worthington CK isoenzymes system vs. the methods of Yasmineh and Hanson.

PMID- 975538
TI  - Quick estimation of standard deviation by use of a nomogram.

PMID- 975539
TI  - Expressing results of laboratory tests.

PMID- 975540
TI  - Toward absolute methods in clinical chemistry: application of mass
      fragmentography to high-accuracy analyses.
AB  - We review recently developed reference methods based on mass fragmentography
      (specific ion monitoring) with use of isotope-labeled internal standard, for
      determination of cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, glucose, cortisol,
      progesterone, and testosterone. With an optimal ratio between standard and
      material to be determined, the relative standard deviation of these methods,
      based on duplicate determinations, is between 1.3 and 2.7%. The very high
      specificity of the methods, in combination with the fact that the ratio between
      labeled and unlabeled molecules is determined with a high degree of accuracy,
      makes it likely that the most significant errors in the methods are related to
      errors in pipetting. The possibility is discussed that these methods might be
      developed into "absolute" or "definitive" methods by subjecting each individual
      step in the determination to a detailed analysis with respect to possible error.
      We also discuss some of the consequences of the different reference methods on
      the choice of routine methods.

PMID- 975541
TI  - Spectrophotometric and electrochemical determinations of L(+)-lactate in blood by
      use of lactate dehydrogenase from yeast.
AB  - Lactate can be determined rapidly in blood by spectrophotometric and amperometric
      (enzyme electrode) procedures based on its oxidation by ferricyanide, the
      reaction being catalyzed with yeast L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome b2)
      (EC 1.1.2.3). In the photometric method lactate can be measured in a few minutes,
      but blood samples must first be deproteinized. In the amperometric procedure no
      treatment of blood is needed except ferricyanide addition. The enzyme electrode
      we used has a response time shorter than 1 min when its critical variables are
      optimized. Preliminary standardization is reduced to minimum operation, because
      electrode response is proportional to lactate concentration over a wide range
      (0.1 to 8.0 mol/liter) and many determinations can be done with little cost in
      enzyme. A simple electrical device ("two-electrode device") is described that is
      well suited for furture micro-cell construction. Lactate determinations on a
      series of normal blood samples show no deviation between results by these new
      methods and the usual ultraviolet spectrophotometric lactate tests.

PMID- 975542
TI  - Erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity in diagnosis of acute
      intermittent porphyria.
AB  - Measurement of the activity of uroporphyrinogen I synthase provides an excellent
      laboratory aid in the diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria, particularly in
      those patients who are asymptomatic or in whom the disease is not biochemically
      manifested by porphyrin precursor excretion. We describe here a simplified
      fluorometric method for measuring the activity of this enzyme in whole blood. The
      assay is based upon a coupled-enzyme procedure in which added delta
      aminolevulinic acid and the dehydratase that is present in erythrocytes are used
      to generate porphobilinogen as substrate for uroporphyrinogen synthase. After
      appropriate incubation the protein is removed we sensitivity, specificity, and
      precision of the assay compare well with previously described procedures.
      Activity in nonporphyric male subjects was 31 (SD, 6.0) nmol of porphyrin formed
      per milliliter of erythrocytes per hour at 37 degrees C. Application of the
      method for identifying gene carriers of acute intermittent porphyria is
      demonstrated in three generations of an affected family.

PMID- 975543
TI  - Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The recent commercial introduction of a method for detecting albumin in meconium
      makes screening for cystic fibrosis feasible for many hospitals. If the tests is
      adopted, confirmatory tests should be available. Quantitative analyses of sweat
      for sodium by flame photometry and for chloride by silver titration and ion
      sleective electrodes are now used as confirmatory tests. We compare results of
      these confirmatory methods applied to presons with cystic fibrosis, respiratory
      disorders, or digestive disorders, and to control subjects.

PMID- 975544
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for serum cortisol with 125I-labeled ligand: comparison of three
      methods.
AB  - We evaluated a previously modified double-antibody radioimmunoassay for serum
      cortisol. It was compared with the conventional double-antibody method that
      includes the usual extraction step, and also with an antibody-coated tube method.
      In this modified method, cortisol was released from its binding globulin by
      enzymatic degradation rather than by extraction with ether, and a preincubated
      mixture of first and second antibody was used to separate antibody-bound cortisol
      from free. These two steps shortened total asssay time significantly. Results
      still correlated well (r = 0.87) with results by the conventional melthod, but
      the antibody-coated tube method gave lower results (r = 0.61). Because of its
      good correlation with the conventional method, this method was thought to be more
      accurate. In 52 normal subjects, mean cortisol concentrations at 0800 and 1700
      hours were 161 +/- 52 (SD) mug/liter and 91 +/- 27 mug/liter, respectively. In 16
      normal subjects, cortisol values before and after dexamethasone treatment (1 mg
      at midnight) were 134 +/- 53 mug/liter and less than 20 mug/liter. In the same
      subjects, cortisol concentrations before and 30 min and 60 min after Cortrosyn
      (synthetic corticotropin1-24, 0.25 mg) administration were 103 +/- 25, 205 +/- 45
      and 223 +/- 51 mug/liter, respectively.

PMID- 975545
TI  - An 125I-labeled cortisol radioimmunoassay in which serum binding protein are
      enzymatically denatured.
AB  - We report an iodine-125 radioimmunoassay for cortisol in biological fluids, in
      which interfering binding proteins are enzymatically denatured. An antiserum to
      cortisol-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin, extremely low cross-reacting
      with other corticosteroids, was raised in rabbits. A cortisol-3
      carboxymethyloxime tyrosine methyl ester derivative was synthesized and labeled
      with iodine-125 by standard radioiodination techniques. To eliminate the need for
      extraction and recovery procedures, we digested interfering binding witha
      proteolytic enzyme, which then was heat-inactivated before adding the labeled
      derivative and the premixed, preincubated antiserum complex. There was
      quantitative analytical recovery of esogenous cortisol added to sera from a
      normal man, a normal woman, and a pregnant woman. Values for the same samples
      agreed after extraction and chromatographic purification and agreed well with
      values obtained by other techniques by independent reference laboratories. The
      five-step assay can be done in 6 h or less.

PMID- 975546
TI  - Correlation of selected serum constitutents: 2. Consistency of intra-individual
      correlation values, means, and variances during four months.
AB  - We examined whether inter-individual differences in correlation coefficients
      previously found among subjects truly reflect consistent inter-individual
      differences or are time-related within an individual. The consitutents studied in
      this investigation were (a) the enzmes aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline
      phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase; and (b) the non=protein nitrogen
      containing constituents urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Ten healthy women were
      each subjected to 15 venipunctures over a five-week period (Series I), and, after
      a two-month interval, were again subjected to 15 venipunctures over a second five
      week period (Series II). Before statistical analysis, the data were corrected for
      the batch-to-batch (day-to-day) arnalytical variation. There was a signiificant
      (P less than .05) change in the covariance structure (variances or correlation
      coefficients, or both) between the two series in four of the 10 subjects for the
      combination of enzymes, and in three other subjects for the combination of
      nonprotein nitrogen constitutents. Although we found a significant (P lees than
      .05) average intra-individual variation in the mean values from series to series
      in the cases of the three enzymes and urea, the magnitude of the inter-series
      variation in means was relatively small. CV's were: alkaline phosphatase, 3.4%;
      lactate dehydrogenase, 2.3+; aspartate aminotransferase, 3.3%; urea, 5.0%; uric
      acid, 1.0%; and creatinine, 1.2%.

PMID- 975547
TI  - An evaluation of the Beckman chloride/carbon dioxide analyzer.
AB  - We compared the Beckman Cl/CO2 Analyzer to the American Instrument Company
      chloride titrator for measurement of chloride in serum, sweat, and spinal fluid.
      We also compared it to the Natelson gasometer and a modified continuous-flow
      (AutoAnalyzer) technique for measurement of carbon dioxide in serum. Effects of
      bilirubin and hemoglobin on results for both the CO2, and Cl were negligible. The
      linearity, stability, and precision of the equipment was studied. We believe the
      Beckman Cl/CO2 Analyzer to be ideal for simultaneous measurement of chloride and
      carbon dioxide in a pediatric or emergency-determination setting.

PMID- 975548
TI  - Aspartate aminotransferase activity in human serum. Factors to be considered in
      supplementation with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in vitro.
AB  - The pyridoxal phosphate reactivation of the apo form of aspartate
      aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) in human serum has been studied with "normal" and
      above-normal activity of this enzyme. The extent of the reactionation did not
      depend on the presence of the substrates, L-aspartate or 2-oxoglutarate.
      Reactivation was greatest with 110 mumol of added pyridoxal phsophate present per
      liter during a preinucation for 7 min in tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine buffer
      wit;h serum volume fractions ranging from 0.017 to 0.267. In comparison with
      measurements prformed with no exogenous pyridoxal phosphate present, we found two
      potential sources of error when this cofactor was added: (a) reagent and sample
      blanks in the pyridoxal phosphate-supplemented system were two- to eightfold
      higher and (b) progress curves were nonlinear when L-aspartate rather than 2
      oxoglutarate was used as the startin substrate. Aspartate aminotransferase
      measurement sith pyridoxal phosphate supplementation was slightly more precise
      than without.

PMID- 975549
TI  - Serum ionic fluoride: normal range and relationship to age and sex.
AB  - We used the Orion fluoride electrode system to determine the normal range of
      serum ionic fluoride concentrations and to investigate its relationship to sex
      and age (A). 87 normal men, aged 18-92 years (mean, 46 years), and 49 normal
      women, age 19-64 years (mean, 38 years), participated in the study. At the 95%
      confidence limits, males less than 45 years old had a normal range of 0.29 to
      1.52 mumol/litre and males greater than or equal to 45 years old 0.29 + 0.0101 (A
      45) to 1.52 + 0.0101 (A-45) mumol/litre. Females, however, had a normal range of
      0.022A - 0.32 to 0.022A + 1.07 mumol/litre. A group of 51 men 18-44 years old was
      compared with a group of 36 men 46-92 years old. The mean serum F- of the older
      group was shown to be significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than that of the
      younger group. Factors related to serum ionic fluoride values are (a) tea as an
      important source of dietary F-, (b) the lack of significant variation during
      daytime hours, and (c) the lack of significant difference in concentration
      between serum and plsma F-.

PMID- 975550
TI  - Low apparent creatine kinase activity and prolonged lag phases in serum of
      patients with metastatic disease: elimination by treatment of sera with
      sulfhydryl agents.
AB  - We find lag phases exceeding 20 min in measuring creatine kinase activity, by
      using the kinetic creatin phosphate leads to creatine assay, in sera of some
      patients with carcinoma metastatic to the liver. Such long lag phases are
      accompanied by a decreased apparent enzyme activity. These problems are
      eliminated by adding sulfhydryl agents to the serum before assay, but not by
      adding more of such agents to the assay reagent. beta-Mercaptoethanol is
      supperior to Cleland's reagents, glutathione, and cysteine. The long lag phases
      could not be explained by inadequate activity of the coupling enzymes,
      interference with the coupling steps, high proportions of cardiacisoenzymes
      activity, simple oxidation of the enzyme, low concentrations of albumin, or
      increased concentrations of glutathione reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, or uric
      acid. We conclude that the prolonged lag phases reflect inadequate reactivation
      of the enzyme by sulfhydryl agents under the usual assay conditions. Reactivation
      before assay can prevent potentially serious negative errors in the assay of
      creatine kinase.

PMID- 975551
TI  - Evaluation of three commercially available menual "kit" methods for triglycerides
      in serum.
AB  - We compared three commercially available kits for use in determining
      triglycerides (triacylglycerols) in serum, by different methods, for accuracy and
      precision, with use of pooled sera of low, normal, and high triglyceride
      concentrations. Accuracy varied from -17% to +16% of the independently determined
      value, depending on the method and triglyceride concentration. In general, the
      Calbiochem method was the most nearly accurate, and only it met Center for
      Disease Control criteria for precision at all three triglyceride concentrations.
      The relationships of mean values to the suggested normal range for each method
      varied, some significant differences being found. Our data demonstrate the
      importance of a correlation between the independently determined value and the
      normal range for the method used and stresses the need for normal-range values to
      accompany all patients' reports.

PMID- 975552
TI  - More sensitive high-pressure liquid-chromatographic determiantion of theophylline
      in serum.
AB  - We present procedures for determining theophylline in 50 mul of serum. The drug
      is extracted into a small volume of solvent that contains an internal standard, 8
      chlorotheophylline. The extract is Analyzed by isocratic reversedphase
      chromatography, with measurement of eluted theophylline at 273 nm. Day-to-day
      reproducibility within 5% is attainable for the concentration range 5--20
      mg/liter. Other xanthines and related metabolites do not interfere. Sensitivity
      is 1 mg/liter. The correlation coefficient, when results by a spectrophotometric
      procedure were compared, was 0.989. Amobarbital, secobarbital, phenobarbital, and
      diphenylhydantoin do not interfere. Total analysis time for a single sample is 15
      min.

PMID- 975553
TI  - Gas-chromatographic identification of drugs in gastric aspirate samples: a rapid
      screening procedure for emergency toxicology.
AB  - Gastric aspirate has not been used frequently in the identification of ingested
      drugs. Because there is only qualitative significance in such a sample, a new
      method is described that facilitates identification. A 1-ml gastric aspirate
      sample is extracted with 100 mul of chloroform and analyzed directly by gas
      chromatography. Seventeen drugs commonly involved in overdose cases are included
      in this 25-min procedure. The gastric drug screen has been applied to more than
      500 patients, and results are described.

PMID- 975554
TI  - Error introduced by specimen handling before determination of inorganic phosphate
      concentrations in plasma and serum.
AB  - Values for serum inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations in groups of healthy
      adults vary widely, the coefficient of variation ranging from 10 to 15%. We
      undertook to determine in 23 healthy adults whether part of this variation could
      be accounted for by (a) drawing blood in syringes vs. evacuated tubes (b) the
      time between blood sampling and separation of serum or plasma, and (c) the
      prevention of clotting. Values were unaffected by a, decreased significantly with
      time at room temperature between blood sampling and separation of cells in both
      serum and plasma, and were significantly lower in plasma than in serum. The group
      coefficient of variation for Pi averaged 13% and was uninfluenced by the blood
      processing technique.

PMID- 975555
TI  - Improved thyroxine radioimmunoassay, for filter paper discs saturated with dried
      blood.
AB  - I describe an improved procedure for estimating thyroxine in dried blood on 0.32
      cm filter paper discs, by radioimmunoassay. A weak anion-exchange resin is used
      to separate free and antibody-bound radiothyroxine and, by measuring the resin
      bound 125I-labeled thyroxine rather than the supernatant radioactivity, a tedious
      and cumbersome step is eliminated. The unique properties of the resin permit
      considerable latitude in the experimental conditions, in contrast with charcoal,
      without compromising sensitivity or precision. There is excellent correlation
      between thyroxine values obtained from discs and those of the corresponding
      plasmas. Application of this procedure for large-scale screening of newborns has
      proved to be highly successful in identifying thyroid insufficiency in several
      babies before clinical signs were apparent.

PMID- 975556
TI  - Radioimmunuassay compared to thin-layer and gas--liquid chromatography for
      detecting methadone in human urine.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay was compared to thin-layer and gas--liquid chromatographic
      methods for detection of methadone in the urine of patients undergoing methadone
      maintenance therapy as treatment of heroin abuse. With urine samples known to
      contain methadone, 84% were positive by thin-layer chromatography as compared to
      99% positives by the other two methods. This difference is attributed to the
      difference in sensitivity of the three methods. All three methods gave
      consistently positive results with urine samples from patients receiving 25 mg of
      methadone per day or more. With smaller daily doses the percentage of positive
      results obtained with thin-layer chromatography decreased. Analysis of urine
      samples not containing methadone showed no incidence of cross reaction of other
      drugs with the methadone radioimmunoassay. The methadone radioimmunoassay appears
      to be both sensitive and reliable; however, certain other factors limit its use
      as a primary screening method.

PMID- 975557
TI  - Relationship between erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and age in a normal
      population.
AB  - The concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes was determined in 369
      male and 376 female normal subjects, 1 to 86 years of age, derived from the Greek
      population. It was inversely correlated (P less than 0.01) with age. Persons over
      age 60 showed a decrease (P less than 0.05) in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
      concentrations as compared those 1-20 years of age.

PMID- 975558
TI  - A quality control solution for use in the "delta A450" determination of amniotic
      fluid.

PMID- 975559
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic detection of quinine, morphine and poly-drugs.

PMID- 975560
TI  - Study of contaminants and metabolites during therapy with high doses of
      methotrexate.

PMID- 975561
TI  - Alterations in proportions of serum phospholipids in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 975562
TI  - "Legion disease" prompts new attention to laboratory safety.

PMID- 975563
TI  - Misuse of calibration sera in automated laboratory testing instruments.

PMID- 975564
TI  - [Colorimetric determination of calcium in serum using methylthymol blue].
AB  - A simple, specific and rapid colorimetric method for the determination of calcium
      concentration and serum using methylthymol blue is described. The reagent given
      can be used both in a manual method and in an automatic method using an auto
      analyser without dialysis. The results obtained by the automatic method are
      compared to those found by the manual method and those obtained by atomic
      absorption.

PMID- 975565
TI  - Accumulation of lactosyl ceramide in leukocytes of patients with adult Gaucher's
      disease.
AB  - Glycosphingolipids were isolated from the leukocytes of 10 patients with Type I,
      chronic nonneuronopathic (adult) Gaucher's disease and 12 normal subjects, by
      silicic acid column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Quantitation of
      the individual glycosyl ceramides was achieved by the determination of hexose and
      sphingosine content, using colorimetric and fluorometric procedures. Lactosyl
      ceramide, which is the main glycolipid in leukocytes of normal subjects, was
      significantly increased in the leukocytes of patients with Gaucher's disease. On
      the other hand, the amount of glycosyl ceramide, which is the main glycolipid
      accumulating in the reticuloendothelial cells of patients with Gaucher's disease,
      was similar in Gaucher and in control leukocytes.

PMID- 975566
TI  - gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid in human urine.
AB  - gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid, the amino acid responsible for the vitamin K
      dependent, Ca2+-binding structures of some of the blood coagulation proteins, has
      been identified in human urine. The amino acid wasisolated and its identity was
      proved by comparing it with synthetic gamma-carboxyglutamic acid by
      electrophoretic and chromatographic methods and by mass spectrometry. The
      isolated compound was also converted to glutamic acid by heat decarboxylation, a
      reaction consistent with its anticipated structure. A method for the quantitation
      of free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in human urine was developed. The method
      consisted of an anion-exchange concentration step followed by automatic amino
      acid analysis using a pH 2.0 lithium citrate buffer. In three non-fasting adult
      males the urinary excretion of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid ranged between 27 and
      42 mumol/24 h and in six non-fasting adult females it ranged between 19 and 32
      mumol/24 h. One fasting adult male excreted 36 mumol/24 h.

PMID- 975567
TI  - Comparison of ethanol-precipitation and heat-inactivation in the identification
      of alkaline phosphatases from bone and liver in serum.

PMID- 975568
TI  - An improved technique for the determination of plasma alpha-amino nitrogen.

PMID- 975569
TI  - Polyamide thin-layer chromatography of corticosteroids: a substitute for column
      chromatography with LH-20.

PMID- 975570
TI  - A system of interpretation of infrared spectra of calculi for routine use in the
      clinical laboratory.
AB  - We have devised systematic schemes for objectives qualitative analysis of the IR
      spectra of calculi. These schemes are presented as flow charts based on questions
      each requiring a yes or no answer before going on to the next step. The specific
      question asked in each step concerns the similarity of a limited region of the
      spectrum to reference spectra. For renal calculi, 5 regions are evaluated and a
      maximum of 10 decisions is necessary to complete the analysis. Biliary calculi
      are treated similarily, with 5 spectral regions evaluated and a maximum of 8 yes
      no decisions required. The method requires less technician time and is much less
      susceptible to differences in subjective judgment than the wet chemical
      procedure. Three percent of stones contain unusual components and are quickly
      recognized as such and identified using a library of reference spectra.

PMID- 975571
TI  - Optimization of T assay: a model study.
AB  - Factors involved in the optimization of competitive binding radioassays have been
      analyzed using a thyroxine (T4) radioassay as a model system. The effects of
      kinetic errors are minimized by the use of the lowest possible incubation
      temperature for the separation step and by the use of labeled T4 of high purity
      (which is not consistently available from commerical sources). The use of labeled
      T4 containing significant quantities of labeled triiodothyronine (T3) can lead to
      a marked increase in bias and a decrease in precision with relatively small
      errors in the separation step due to the relatively short half-life of the T3
      binder complex. The determination of the dissociation rate constant (not to be
      confused with the affinity constant) allows one to make useful estimates of the
      tolerances that can be allowed in the separation step in order to achieve a 
      desired level of accuracy and precison.

PMID- 975572
TI  - Estimation of plasma catecholamines in man.

PMID- 975573
TI  - An isolation system for aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone prior to estimation
      by gas liquid chromatography or radioimmunoassay.
AB  - We report a method of isolation of aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone from
      urine and undiluted plasma which is based on extraction with Amberlite XAD-2
      resin and purification by low pressure liquid chromatography using microbore LH
      20 columns. Thin-layer chromatography on polyamide plates is introduced as the
      final step of a procedure designed to reduce destruction of steroids to a
      minimum, and to provide, in addition, a facility for multisample processing.
      Using a synthetic substrate, it has been shown that enzyme hydrolysis of steroid
      conjugates is possible whilst still adsorbed to the resin after extraction
      although the yield is lower than when hydrolysis is performed in solution.

PMID- 975574
TI  - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of plasma triiodothyronine.
AB  - A direct radioimmunoassay method for circulating triiodothyronine was set up,
      using an insolubilized (cellulose-coupled) antiserum and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene
      sulfonic acid (ANS) as a protein inhibitor. Particular attention was paid to the
      evaluation of changes in the physico-chemical properties of the antibody sites
      under the experimental conditions adopted: no substantial decrease of
      immunoreactivity was found to be associated with the insolubilization process,
      while complex effects following the use of protein inhibitors were observed. The
      standardized procedure was defined in terms of analytical reliability both by a
      comparison with a reference (charcoal-dextran) method and by evaluation of
      sensitivity, precision and accuracy.

PMID- 975575
TI  - Rapid and effective separation of thyroid hormones and iodide by thin-layer
      chromatography.
AB  - The use of 1,3-dichlorotetrafluoroacetone allows the conversion of the iodoamino
      acids into a chemical form convenient for following chromatographic separation on
      silica as an adsorbent and benzene or chloroform as a solvent. The time required
      for derivatization and TLC separation is less than one hour. The outstanding
      resolution of the substance of interest, as well as the sensitivity of the
      radiochemical analysis, makes the method convenient for the rapid determination
      of minute quantities of thyroid hormones.

PMID- 975576
TI  - Comparison of a simplified radioimmunoassay with a gas-liquid chromatographic
      method for urinary aldosterone.
AB  - A simplified radioimmunoassay for the measurement of aldosterone in urine,
      requiring only an extraction without any further purification is described. The
      results obtained on 47 urine specimens were compared with those obtained by a gas
      liquid chromatographic method. An excellent correlation was found (r = 0.932) and
      values obtained by both methods were similar so that this RIA has been
      satisfactorily adopted in our laboratory for one year. Some discrepancies,
      however, led us to consider the problem of preservation and storage of biological
      fluids.

PMID- 975577
TI  - The effect of a short burst of exercise on activity values of enzymes in sera of
      healthy young men.
AB  - We report the effect of exercise on the activity values of five enzymes in sera
      as studied in four healthy male volunteers. The underlying purpose of this
      present study was to produce an increase in the activity values in the sera of
      selected enzymes found in muscle. Then by observing the decay rate of these
      enzymes, we computed the inter-individual differences in clearance rates serum
      half-life) of these enzymes. Blood specimens were collected just prior to
      exercise, 1 h after excerise, and on eight additional times up to 93 h after
      exercise. All specimens were assayed on one occasion for activity values of
      creatine kinase, asparate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline
      phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase. We found increases in the three muscle
      enzymes with average increases being: creatine kinase, +116%; asparate
      aminotransferase, +41%; and lactate dehydrogenase, +32%; all of which remained
      above baseline values for 53 h or longer. In the case of creatine kinase, a
      monoexponential decay curve depicted the data (from the 19-h specimen to the 67-h
      specimen). The calculated "apparent serum half-life" for creatine kinase varied
      from 38 h to 118 h in the subjects tested.

PMID- 975578
TI  - An assessment of the clinical usefulness of plasma ribonuclease assays.
AB  - The usefulness of plasma ribonuclease assays was studied in (i) patients with
      possible protein deficiency, (ii) patients with myelomatosis, (iii) patients with
      carcinoma of the breast. In each group, the major factor associated with
      elevation of plasma ribonuclease was impairment of renal function. The assay was
      therefore of little value in the assessment of patients with myelomatosis or
      carcinoma of the breast. However, in the patients with possible protein
      deficiency and normal renal function, an elevation of plasma ribonuclease is, in
      general, associated with a decrease in serum albumin, transferrin and
      cholinesterase. Plasma ribonuclease may therefore be a useful parameter in the
      assessment of protein nutritional status.

PMID- 975579
TI  - Pregnancy associated alpha2-glycoprotein in post-menopausal women receiving
      hormone replacement therapy.
AB  - Serum pregnancy associated alpha2-glycoprotein (P.A.G.) concentrations were
      measured in a group of post-menopausal women receiving hormone replacement
      therapy. The P.A.G. concentrations increased from a mean basal level of 48.1
      mug/ml (range 20.6--104.4 mug/ml) to a maximum after six months therapy of 359
      mug/ml (range 82--1290 mug/ml). This represents a mean increase of 647%. Two
      months after cessation of therapy the P.A.G. concentrations decreased but the
      mean level (60.3 mug/ml) was still significantly higher than the pre-treatment
      level. There was a significant correlation between the pre-treatment P.A.G.
      concentrations and the levels after six months of therapy. These findings may be
      of relevance to the use of P.A.G. determinations in the monitoring of malignant
      disease.

PMID- 975580
TI  - Nomograms for the estimation of the saturation of urine with calcium oxalate,
      calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, uric acid, sodium acid urate,
      ammonium acid urate and cystine.

PMID- 975581
TI  - The measurement of T3 in plasma specimens.

PMID- 975582
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone in human plasma.
      Comparison of various antisera and determination of normal values.
AB  - This paper describes a study of the physico-chemical and radioimmunological
      properties of three antialdosterone antisera which permitted practical
      conclusions to be drawn. By its high degree of specificity, anti-aldo-3-oxime-BSA
      constitutes the most useful antiserum for the clinical assay of aldosterone. The
      principal advantage of this antiserum is that it allows both urinary and blood
      aldosterone radioimmunoassay without the necessity of including a chromatographic
      step. No problems arise with the blanks. This work also includes the study of two
      anti-deoxycorticosterone antisera. The aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone
      values, obtained from normal subjects under various physiological conditions, are
      in agreement with the values given in the literature.

PMID- 975583
TI  - Effect of fatty acids on thyroid function tests in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Addition of long-chain fatty acids to serum increased thyroxine (T4), measured by
      a competitive protein binding assay, and triiodothyronine (T3) uptake by Sephadex
      or resin (T3U tests). This is compatible with the assumption that fatty acids
      compete with thyroxine for binding sites on T4-binding proteins. When equimolar
      concentrations of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were added to
      serum it was observed that the effectiveness in raising tests based on protein
      binding of thyroid hormones incrreased serum T3 determined by radioimmunoassay
      (RIA). T4(RIA) was not significantly influenced by either saturated or
      unsaturated fatty acids. Serum T4(CPB) rose during storage at 22degreesC and
      37degreesC but was stable at 4degreesC and --20degreesC for periods up to two
      weeks. The proportional increase in T4(CPB) and free fatty acids (FFA) indicated
      that this phenomenon was due, at least partly, to the interference from FFA
      formed during storage of the serum. There was also a small, significant increase
      in T3U, T3(RIA) and CT4I (a free thyroxine estimate) after storage of serum at
      room temperature or higher for one to two weeks. Serum T4(RIA) did not alter
      during two weeks of storage. In five subjects with raised serum FFA after eating
      a fat meal followed by a heparin injection an increase in T4(CPB), T3U, T3(RIA)
      and CT4I that was proportional to the increase in FFA was observed. This effect
      on the thyroid tests was small until the increase in FFA concentration exceeded 2
      mmol/l. T4(RIA) did not respond to the increase in FFA. In ten patients with
      raised levels of FFA due to uncontrolled diabetes T4(CPB), T4(RIA) and T3(RIA)
      decreased while T3U increased. These unexpected alterations were probably related
      to the severe, chronic illness in these patients. Increased FFA in vivo seem to
      be of little importance for the interpretation of thyroid tests in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 975584
TI  - A simple quantitative method to determine short chain fatty acid levels in
      biological fluids.
AB  - A simple method has been developed for quantitative acetic, propionic,
      isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, isocaproic, and caproic acids in
      intestinal fluids, feces and blood. The method utilizes extraction with ether and
      gas chromatography. It is accurate over a wide range of SCFA concentrations and
      appears to be applicable to any biological fluid.

PMID- 975585
TI  - The quantitation of plasma phytanic acid by mass fragmentography.
AB  - Plasma phytanic acid has been quantitated by mass fragmentography after its
      successive reduction and derivatization to the corresponding t-butyldimethylsilyl
      ether. The latter was estimated by selective ion monitoring of its characteristic
      (M-57) ion (M/z 355). The technique has the advantage of being more rapid,
      specific and sensitive than existing methods, permitting the determination of
      phytanic acid at levels greater than 5 mug/ml plasma.

PMID- 975586
TI  - Pharmacological influences on T4 to T3 conversion in rat liver.
AB  - Five groups of 8 rats were treated with normal diet, diphenylhydantoin,
      dexamethasone, thyroxine (T4) and phenobarbital respectively for 14 days. After
      this period plasma triiodothyronine (T3), T4 and reverse T3 (rT3) concentrations
      as well as the T4 to T3 converting activity in the liver homogenates were
      determined. Plasma T3 was low after dexamethasone, T4 and phenobarbital. Plasma
      T4 was low after dexamethasone and elevated after T4. rT3 plasma concentrations
      were at the lower limit of detection in all groups. The converting activity in
      the liver homogenate was significantly increased after diphenylhydantoin and very
      much depressed after dexamethasone. These results support the concept that
      different drugs may influence the peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism,
      especially the T4 to T3 conversion. However other pathways might be affected also
      because plasma T3 levels did not always reflect the converting activity in the
      liver.

PMID- 975587
TI  - The use of mass fragmentography in the evaluation of routine methods for glucose
      determination.
AB  - A highly specific and accurate mass fragmentographic reference method for
      determination of serum glucose is described. A fixed amount of hepta-deuterated
      glucose is added to a fixed amount of serum. The mixture is lyophilized,
      converted into the penta-trimethylsilyl-methyloxime derivative and subjected to
      analysis with a combined gas chromatograph - mass spectrometer equipped with a
      MID-unit (multiple ion detector). The amount of unlabeled glucose was determined
      from the ratio between recordings at m/e 319 and 323. The two ions used
      correspond to the base peak in the mass spectrum of derivative of unlabeled and
      hepta-deuterium labeled glucose, respectively. The relative standard deviation of
      the method was 1.9%. The method was compared with different enzymatic methods
      based on the hexokinase reaction and the glucose oxidase reaction. Of the
      different methods tested, a glucose oxidase method with determination of maximal
      rate of consumption of oxygen gave results most close to the results of the
      reference method.

PMID- 975588
TI  - Observations on the kinetic method for the estimation of serum hepatoglobin as
      cyanmethaemoglobin binding capacity.

PMID- 975589
TI  - A diagnostic triad for portal cirrhosis.
AB  - Abnormal serum aminotransferase activities with dominance of aspartate
      aminotransferase over alanine aminotransferase activity, and elevated serum
      adenosine deaminase activity and immunoglobulin. A concentration, were commonly
      encountered among patients with portal cirrhosis. The full triad was present in
      31 of 49 cases (63%). As isolated abnormalities, these features were not uncommon
      in patients with other diseases of the liver and biliary tree, but the full triad
      was found only in 11 of 163 such cases (6.8%). The presence of this triad in a
      patient with unexplained hepatomegaly is indicative of portal cirrhosis.

PMID- 975590
TI  - Assay of plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D.
AB  - A radio-competitive protein-binding assay for 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OHD3) is
      described using diluted plasma from patients with vitamin D deficient
      osteomalacia as the binding protein. The 25-OHD3 is extracted from plasma with
      ethanol and assayed directly without further purification. An incubation of two
      hours is used to give suitable binding. The lower detection limit of the assay is
      approximately 23 pg, the intra-assay coefficient of variation is 5.4% and the
      inter-assay variation 15%. Tth a mean of 26.9 mug/l. Levels of plasma 25-OHD3 are
      undetectable in patients with vitamin D deficient osteomalacia and greater than
      110 mug/l in patients taking large doses of vitamin D2.

PMID- 975591
TI  - The level and composition of seromucoid and nondialysable serum sugar-peptide
      fraction compared with the activity of galactosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.38) of
      liver Golgi membranes in insulin-treated rats.
AB  - Long-term treatment of rats with insulin does not influence the yield of the
      Golgi membrane-rich fraction obtained by Fleischers' method or the activity of
      galactosyl transferase (EC 2.1.1.38) in present in this fraction. Exogenous
      insulin increases the total levels of the seromucoid and serum middle-weight
      molecular glycopeptide fraction, but does not alter the proportions of neutral
      sugars bound with the peptide residues of both fractions.

PMID- 975592
TI  - The influence of insulin on the proportion of neutral sugars in seromucoid of
      diabetic patients.

PMID- 975593
TI  - Atomic absorption spectrophotometry of copper and zinc in human brain tissue. A
      critical investigation of two digestion technicques.

PMID- 975594
TI  - Clinical studies in benign (Becker type) X-linked muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Ten extensive families with benign (Becker type) X-linked muscular dystrophy have
      been studied, in which there was a total of 67 affected males. Reliable
      information was available on 41 of these males, 29 of whom were alive at the time
      of the study. The disorder was characterised by a predominantly proximal
      myopathy, associated with pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles, particularly in
      the early stages of the disease. The early development of contractures was not a
      feature of the disease in these families and cardiac involvement, when present,
      was a late manifestation. The clinical findings in these patients are discussed
      in detail and compared with those in a large unselected group of patients with
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The results indicate that the best criterion for
      distinguishing between these two disorders is the age of becoming chair-bound.
      Electrocardiographic studies revealed no consistent abnormality and no evidence
      of an abnormal algebraic sum of the R and S waves in lead V1, as is found in
      patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Serum creatine kinase levels are
      significantly elevated, particularly in the early stages of the disease, and in
      this way preclinical cases may be identified.

PMID- 975595
TI  - X-short arm deletion gonadal dysgenesis in two siblings due to unique
      translocation (Xp-;16p+).
AB  - A family demonstrating short arm deletion of the X chromosome as a consequence of
      X-16 balanced translocation in the mother is reported. The two Xp- sisters
      exhibit clinical signs of gonadal dysgenesis, while the balanced carriers are
      phenotypically normal. To our knowledge this represents the only example of both
      the balanced carrier state for an X translocation and its genetic consequence
      occurring in the offspring, as well as the involvement of X-16 interchange.
      Literature data of 37 additional cases of verified X translocations are
      discussed.

PMID- 975596
TI  - Infantile XX male: a case report.
AB  - A case of infantile XX male syndrome with bilateral scrotal testes and
      penoscrotal hypospadias is presented. No evidence of XX/XY mosaicism of Y
      chromatin was obtained in preparations from cultures of the peripheral blood,
      skin fibroblast, or other tissues. Although true hermaphroditism was suspected,
      exploration of the bilateral gonadal structures failed to detect the presence of
      ovarian structures, either grossly or microscopically. Furthermore, exploratory
      laparotomy revealed no Mullerian structures. The difficulty of early diagnosis of
      XX males in infancy is emphasized.

PMID- 975597
TI  - Frontonasal dysplasia. Possible hereditary connection with other congenital
      defects.

PMID- 975598
TI  - Multiple none-erupting teeth, maxillo-zygomatical hypoplasia and other congenital
      defects: An autosomal recessive disorder.
AB  - A new syndrome is described, affecting four persons in one family; it includes
      multiple non-erupting teeth with cementum defects, hypoplasia of the alveolar
      process and the maxillo-zygomatical region, genua valga and ear deformities. An
      autosomal recessive trait could be ascertained.

PMID- 975599
TI  - A familial syndrome of cranial, facial, oral and limb anomalies.
AB  - A family is described in which two male infants have microcephaly, abnormal ears,
      anti-mongoloid slant, small mouth, cleft palate, flexed overlapping fingers with
      syndactyly of digits three and four, syndactyly of the second to the fifth toes,
      and normal karyotype. This seems to be a new syndrome.

PMID- 975600
TI  - Uncritical use of the expression multifactorial threshold inheritance.

PMID- 975601
TI  - Parkes Weber Lecture 1976. Mycosis fungoides and other cutaneous reticuloses.

PMID- 975602
TI  - The action of retinoic acid on psoriatic skin.

PMID- 975603
TI  - Cockarde naevus.

PMID- 975604
TI  - Psoriasis -- a preliminary questionnaire study of sufferers' subjective
      experience.

PMID- 975605
TI  - Juvenile plantar dermatosis: a new entity?.

PMID- 975606
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis. Report of two cases with an immunopathological review.

PMID- 975607
TI  - Incidence of virus-specific antibodies and autoantibodies in sera of patients
      with warts.

PMID- 975608
TI  - Contact dermatitis to partner's hair dye.

PMID- 975609
TI  - Benzo-pyrones: their selective injury to rabbit vascular endothelium.
AB  - 1. Three benzo-pyrones were tested in two types of high protein oedema. 2. In
      general, they prevented increases in permeability in superficial venules. 3. In
      the absence of an injurious stimulus they caused injury to the superficial
      capillaries and deep venules. 4. The injurious results may be due to a direct
      effect on the vessel walls or to an increase in intravascular pressure and flow.
      This would enhance leakage from already existing defects. 5. Despite the minor
      injuries the effectiveness of these drugs is so great that a net removal of
      protein by proteolysis from the tissues occurs, thus reducing the oedema. 6. The
      study contributes further to an understanding of the mode of action of the benzo
      pyrones.

PMID- 975610
TI  - The inhibitory response of the rabbit anococcygeus muscle.
AB  - 1. Strips of rabbit anococcygeus muscle were submaximally contracted by the
      addition of phenylephrine to the bath fluid. 2. Acetylcholine,
      dimethylphenylpiperazinium and electrical field stimulation caused relaxation.
      Relaxation induced by acetylcholine and field stimulation was blocked by
      tetrodotoxin but only the acetylcholine-induced response was inhibited by
      lignocaine, tetraethylammonium and hexamethonium. The responses to both
      acetylcholine and field stimulation were resistant to atropine, practolol, and
      sotalol. 3. Relatively high concentrations of ATP caused relaxation. 4.
      Histological investigation did not show any cells resembling autonomic ganglion
      cells. 5. It is suggested that both acetylcholine and field stimulation release
      an inhibitory transmitter from nerve endings and that the release by
      acetylcholine is mediated through nicotinic receptor stimulation.

PMID- 975611
TI  - Effects of calcitonin on the secretion of pancreatic juice induced by dopamine,
      secretin and pancreozymin.
AB  - 1. Effects of calcitonin on dopamine-, secretin- and pancreozymin-induced
      pancreatic secretion were investigated in the isolated blood-perfused canine
      pancreas. 2. The volume of pancreatic secretion induced by pancreozymin given
      intra-arterially (i.a.) was decreased by an i.a. infusion of 1 u/min of
      calcitonin, but that induced by dopamine or secretin given i.a. was not affected
      by calcitonin treatment. 3. Amylase concentration in pancreatic juice either in
      spontaneous secretion in the resting state or in that of stimulated secretion by
      pancreozymin was decreased approximately 30% by calcitonin treatment, but amylase
      concentration in pancreatic juice induced by dopamine or secretin was not
      affected by calcitonin treatment. 4. Calcitonin had no effect on bicarbonate
      concentration in pancreatic juice stimulated by these secretagogues. 5. Calcium
      concentration in pancreatic juice in the resting state was reduced about 36% by
      calcitonin treatment. Calcitonin caused a decrease in a calcium concentration in
      the pancreozymin-induced secretion, but did not cause any change in the dopamine-
      or secretin-induced one. 6. These results suggest that calcitonin may affect the
      secretory mechanism of the acinar cells but not that of the ductular cells, and
      that the acinar cells are active even in the resting state.

PMID- 975612
TI  - Effect of secretin on pacemaker activity and contractility in the isolated blood
      perfused atrium of the dog.
AB  - 1. The effects of secretin on inotropic and chronotropic activity were
      investigated in nine isolated canine atrium preparations which were suspended in
      a bath and perfused with arterial blood from a carotid artery of a heparinized
      donor dog. 2. Secretin administered into the cannulated sinus node artery in a
      dose range of 0-1-10 units produced a dose-related positive inotropic and a
      biphasic chronotropic effect. 3. The positive chronotropic and inotropic
      responses to secretin were not suppressed by treatment with alprenolol in doses
      which blocked responses to noradrenaline. 4. The negative chronotropic response
      to secretin was not blocked by atropine in doses which blocked the response to
      acetylcholine. 5. After treatment with glucagon, secretin produced dose-related
      negative chronotropic and a positive inotropic effects. Thus glucagon may
      antagonize the positive chronotropic effect of secretin. 6. From these results,
      it is concluded that secretin has a direct effect on atrial rate and
      contractility.

PMID- 975613
TI  - Differing effects of the vasodilator drugs, prazosin and diazoxide on plasma
      renin activity in the dog.
AB  - 1. The effects of intravenous (i.v.) administration of the vasodilator drugs
      prazosin or diazoxide on blood pressure and plasma renin activity were evaluated
      in the anaesthetized dog. 2. Prazosin and diazoxide both induced a rapid
      reduction in the mean arterial pressure to 73% and 75% of control values
      respectively. 3. Prazosin lowered plasma renin activity to 62% (P less than 0
      025) of the control value whereas diazoxide raised plasma renin activity to 178%
      (P less than 0.05) of the control value. 4. The combination of vasodilatation and
      low renin activity observed following the administration of prazosin is unique,
      and may have clinical significance if these factors reduce the vascular
      complications of hypertension.

PMID- 975614
TI  - Renal vasodilation in response to coronary artery ligation in the dog.
AB  - 1. The effects of coronary artery ligation on renal vascular resistance were
      determined with and without pretreatment with methylprednisolone succinate or
      atropine in anaesthetized dogs. 2. With coronary artery ligation alone renal
      blood flow is maintained constant in spite of a reduction in arterial blood
      pressure, indicating renal vasodilation. 3. Pretreatment with methylprednisolone
      succinate prevents the fall in arterial blood pressure. 4. After pretreatment
      with atropine, renal blood flow falls in response to the reduction in arterial
      blood pressure, suggesting inhibition of cholinergic renal vasodilatation.

PMID- 975615
TI  - A diminution of enzyme release in the anoxic guinea-pig heart observed after
      cardoiplegic treatment.
AB  - 1. Under anaerobic conditions there was an increase in the release of malate
      dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase from isolated
      perfused guinea-pig hearts. 2. The increased enzyme releases were significantly
      reduced by pretreatment with cardioplegic solution. 3. This finding suggests a
      relationship between myocardial energy metabolism and enzyme release or
      retention.

PMID- 975616
TI  - Tachycardia in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats after fusaric
      acid and bupicamide.
AB  - 1. The effects of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors bupicamide, fusaric
      acid, FLA-63 and U-14,624 on blood pressure and heart rate of spontaneously
      hypertensive rats were examined. 2. Bupicamide and fusaric acid caused marked
      tachycardia whereas FLA-63 and U-14,624 caused modest bradycardia; all drugs
      decreased blood pressure. 3. In normotensive rats, fusaric acid caused the same
      degree of tachycardia as in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but blood pressure
      was only slightly reduced. 4. Tachycardia after fusaric acid was not due to
      increased sympathetic activity or decreased parasympathetic activity but required
      intact catecholamine stores. 5. It is concluded that fusaric acid causes
      tachycardia by releasing catecholamines indirectly and that a metabolite of
      fusaric acid is also involved.

PMID- 975617
TI  - The elimination of phenytoin in man.
AB  - 1. Plasma phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) levels after different drug doses were
      correlated with urinary 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) excretions
      in four subjects. 2. In three of four subjects the proportion of the phenytoin
      dose that was excreted as p-HPPH. In the fourth, p-HPPH output remained
      proportionate to dose of phenytoin until elimination of the drug fell below its
      input. 3. Plasma p-HPPH levels were measured in two subjects; the data suggested
      that the renal excretion of p-HPPH was not rate-limited. 4. In three of four
      subjects, there was the possibility that alternative pathways for eliminating
      phenytoin may have developed as drug doses increased and the capacity for forming
      p-HPPH became saturated. 5. Overall phenytoin elimination appeared to approach
      saturation at concentrations of the drug encountered therapeutically. When
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics were applied to data for phenytoin elimination in
      twenty-one adults and fifteen children, the mean apparent Km value for the adults
      corresponded to a plasma drug concentration of 5-8 mug/ml, and in the children to
      5-3 mug/ml. The mean Vmax values in the two groups were, respectively 8-1 mg/kg
      per day and 12-5 mg/kg per day.

PMID- 975618
TI  - The effects of hydrocortisone on responses to and extraneuronal uptake of (-)
      isoprenaline in cat and guinea-pig atria.
AB  - 1. (-)-Isoprenaline-induced positive inotropic effects were assessed in driven
      left atria and positive chronotropic effects in spontaneously beating right atria
      from guinea-pigs and cats. 2. Hydrocortisone produced dose dependent shifts to
      the left in cumulative concentration-effect curves to (-)-isoprenaline in left
      and right atrial preparations from the cat. 3. Maximal potentiations were
      produced by 160 muM and 40 muM hydrocortisone in cat left and right atria
      respectively. 4. No such effects were seen in similar preparations from the
      guinea-pig even in the presence of concentrations of hydrocortisone as high as
      400 muM. 5. Hydrocortisone inhibited the extraneuronal uptake of [7 - 3H](-)
      isoprenaline in a concentration dependent manner in both left and right atria of
      the cat, but not the guinea-pig. 6. These results are consistent with the idea
      that hydrocortisone potentiates responses to (-)-isoprenaline in cat atria by
      inhibition of the extraneuronal uptake process.

PMID- 975619
TI  - Plasma propranolol concentration in patients with angina and acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - 1. Plasma levels of propranolol were measured fluorometrically in patients with
      angina pectoris and in patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit with acute
      myocardial infarction. 2. In thirty patients with stable angina pectoris, plasma
      propranolol levels varied almost linearly with doses between 10 and 120 mg during
      6-hourly chronic oral administration. Plasma levels greater than 100 ng/ml
      produced 70-80% reduction in the tachycardia induced by strenous exercise on a
      treadmill. 3. In nineteen patients with acute myocardial infarction given oral
      propranolol, 20 mg 6-hourly, peak as well as trough plasma levels of the drug
      increased progressively but remained below 100 ng/ml in all except two patients
      during the first 24 h after their admission to the Coronary Care Unit. 4. The
      data suggest that the use of low and fixed doses of propranolol may not produce
      adequate plasma levels or significant beta-adrenoceptor blockade in the early
      stages of acute myocardial infarction in man.

PMID- 975620
TI  - The specificity of bile salts in the intestinal absorption of micellar
      cholesterol in the rat.
AB  - 1. Two aspects of cholesterol absorption; (a) the importance of solubilization
      and (b) the effects of different bile salts on the mucosal metabolism and
      lymphatic output of cholesterol, have been investigated using two different in
      vivo techniques. 2. Bile diverted lymph fistula rats were infused intraduodenally
      at a steady rate with a constant lipid mixture containing labelled cholesterol,
      labelled oleic acid and mono-olein. The lipids were completely solubilized in
      either bile salts or a non-toxic non-ionic detergent, Pluronic F68. Labelled
      fatty acid was efficiently absorbed from either micellar infusate but virtually
      no labelled cholesterol appeared in the lymph in the absence of bile salts. 3.
      Short-term perfusions of the intestine of anaesthetized rats with the same
      micellar perfusates as above showed approximately 20% of the labelled cholesterol
      in the mucosa after 30 min perfusion with the bile salt micellar solutions. When
      the non-ionic micelles were used virtually no isotopic cholesterol left the
      lumen. 4. Mucosal uptake of labelled cholesterol was linearly dependent on the
      concentration of solubilized cholesterol in the perfusate and was not dependent
      on the bile salt concentration. 5. After 30 min the total amount of perfused
      isotopic cholesterol was recovered from either the lumen or the mucosa, but some
      fatty acid appeared to have been transported away from the mucosa by this time.
      6. The initial rate of mucosal uptake of labelled cholesterol was similar from
      micellar perfusates using either taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate or
      taurofusidate. In contrast, after 8 h of infusion, lymphatic output of labelled
      cholesterol was markedly greater with taurocholate. 7. The increased lymph output
      with taurocholate was associated with an increase in the esterified fraction of
      both labelled and unlabelled cholesterol. Fatty acid was absorbed and esterified
      equally from all three types of perfusate. 8. These results suggested that for
      the first step in cholesterol absorption, viz. uptake from the lumen,
      solubilization by a planar detergent was essential. After uptake, the more rapid
      transfer of cholesterol to lymph in the presence of trihydroxybile acids appeared
      to be related to a more efficient esterification of cholesterol, but not to a
      more efficient resynthesis of triglyceride, the other major component of lymph
      chylomicrons.

PMID- 975621
TI  - On the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension induced by
      anorectic drugs; an experimental study in the isolated perfused rat lung, II.
      Fenfluramine, mazindol, mefenorex, phentermine and R 800.
AB  - 1. The influence of the anorectic drugs fenfluramine, mazindol, mefenorex,
      phentermine and R 800, an experimental compound, on pulmonary vascular resistance
      has been studied in the isolated, perfused rat lung. 2. R 800 caused a strong
      vasoconstriction, which was not antagonized by methysergide of phentolamine; the
      other drugs listed did not alter vascular resistance. 3. Mazindol and phentermine
      significantly prolonged the vasoconstrictive effect of serotonin due to
      inhibition of its metabolic breakdown. 4. Although fenfluramine inhibited
      serotonin metabolism it also prevented the vasoconstrictive effect of serotonin,
      due to its ability to act as a serotonin antagonist. 5. Mefenorex did not affect
      pulmonary vascular resistance, either directly or indirectly via a serotoninergic
      mechanism.

PMID- 975622
TI  - The effects of 3-hydrazine-6[N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-pyridazine
      dihydrochloride (L6150) on the general and cardiac haemodynamics of the intact
      dog.
AB  - 1. The effects of 3-hydrazine-6[N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-pyridazine
      dihydrochloride (L6150) were studied in intact anaesthetized dogs. 2. In a dose
      of 1 mg/kg/(i.v.) the drug increased respiration rate, cardiac output, and left
      and right ventricular work. 3. It decreased femoral pressure and systemic and
      total pulmonary resistance. 4. It increased coronary flow and coronary sinus O2
      content. 5 The drug also increased whole body glucose, lactate, pyruvate and NEFA
      values.

PMID- 975623
TI  - Increase in myocardial digoxin content associated with circulatory volume
      overload in the dog.
AB  - 1. Tritiated (12alpha-3H) digoxin (0-05 mg/kg body weight) was administered
      intravenously to conscious dogs with circulatory volume overload induced by
      previous creation of aorto-caval fistulae. Dogs were killed after 5 min, 1, or 4
      h, and the myocardium sampled. Digoxin was extracted and counted and results
      compared to those in normal dogs. 2. At each time, myocardial digoxin
      concentration of all cardiac chambers in test dogs was greater than normal.
      Plasma digoxin concentration measured 5 min after administration was greater in
      dogs with fistulae but the subsequent levels were not different. 3. Anaesthetized
      and open-chest dogs with fistulae studied 5 min after digoxin administration had
      greater myocardial concentrations than similarly studied normal dogs. Although
      myocardial concentrations of digoxin were higher in anaesthetized than in
      conscious dogs the group with fistulae had higher values than did the normal
      group, as was the case for unanaesthetized dogs. 4. The basis for the effect of
      fistula is probably multifactorial. Diminised peripheral blood flow and
      peripheral digoxin delivery and uptake, resulting initially in higher digoxin
      levels in plasma perfusing the myocardium, may play a role. Increased myocardial
      mechanical and metabolic activity almost certainly are important. Cardiac
      hypertrophy, cardiac failure per se and plasma electrolyte changes are probably
      not. 5. The results are consistent with previously demonstrated reduced digitalis
      tolerance in the dog with circulatory volume overload.

PMID- 975624
TI  - A study of the actions of histamine on the isolated rat heart.
AB  - 1. The effects of histamine on cardiac force, heart rate and coronary perfusion
      pressure were studied in the isolated rat heart, using the Langendorff perfused
      heart preparation. 2. Single injections of histamine induced dose-dependent
      decreases in contractile amplitude, heart rate and coronary perfusion pressure.
      3. Perfusions of metiamide (above 1 x 10(-4) m) had a depressant effect on
      contractile force and heart rate, whereas diphenhydramine (4 x 10(-6) m) reduced
      only the heart rate. Both agents caused a fall in coronary perfusion pressure. 4.
      The negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of histamine on the isolated rat
      heart were not significantly influenced by either metiamide of diphenhydramine,
      or a combination of these drugs. However, the fall in coronary perfusion pressure
      induced by injections of histamine was significantly antagonized by metiamide or
      diphenhydramine. 5. These results suggest that the effects of histamine on the
      isolated rat heart may not be due entirely to stimulation of H1- or H2-receptors
      on the cardiac muscle cells. Evidence is presented for the existence of histamine
      H1- and H2-receptors in the coronary vessels.

PMID- 975625
TI  - Taste and hormones.

PMID- 975626
TI  - Effect of propranolol on the release of choline from guinea-pig small intestine
      in vitro.
AB  - 1. Choline was released into the fluid bathing the serosal surface of segments of
      guinea-pig small intestine. The mean rate of release (nmol choline per cm of
      intestine per h) in the first hour was 10-2 and in the second hour 8-0. 2.
      Propranolol 1 mM in the mucosal fluid caused a significant (P less than 0-01)
      increase in the rate at which choline was released into the serosal fluid. The
      mean rates were 15-4 and 19-2 for the first and second hour, respectively. 3. It
      is suggested that the effect of propranolol observed in the present study is
      likely to be due to a non-specific direct action on biological membranes.

PMID- 975627
TI  - Hepatic sinusoidal responses to intraportal injections of phenylephrine and
      isoprenaline in the rat.
AB  - 1. Specific alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists, phenylephrine and
      isoprenaline, were injected intraportally into the intact rat liver under direct
      microscopic observation by an in vivo transillumination technique. 2. The
      diameter of a hepatic sinusoid and the intra-sinusoidal erythrocyte velocity were
      quantitatively measured, and the sinusoidal volume flow was calculated from these
      two parameters. 3. Results show that phenylephrine causes a sinusoidal
      constriction and an increased sinusoidal blood flow, whereas isoprenaline causes
      the opposite effects on the sinusoids. 4. All the sinusoidal responses to
      phenylephrine and isoprenaline were dose-dependent and were possibly related to
      the direct effect of these drugs on the sinusoids.

PMID- 975628
TI  - The action of histamine on pulmonary vessels of cats and rats.
AB  - 1. The actions of histamine on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle have been studied
      in isolated cat and rat lungs perfused with blood, lobes of cat lung perfused in
      vivo and isolated strips of rat, cat and rabbit pulmonary artery. 2. In all the
      lung preparations histamine caused both dilatation and constriction. In the rat
      strips it caused both contraction and relaxation. Dilatation was only well shown
      when the vessels were in a prior constricted state. In any one lung dilatation
      occurred with smaller doses than constriction. 3. Histamine caused both increases
      and decreases in pulmonary artery pressure in collapsed lungs. In this condition
      these effects are unlikely to have been a consequence of changes in airway
      pressure. 4. From forward and reverse perfusions of lungs in the waterfall state,
      where changes in postalveolar vessels do not affect pulmonary artery pressure, it
      appeared that histamine caused both dilatation and constriction on both sides of
      the point of collapse caused by alveolar pressure. 5. Plots of the relationship
      between left atrial and pulmonary artery pressure (at constant alveolar pressure
      and blood flow) showed that histamine caused both increases and decreases in
      pulmonary vascular resistance and sometimes also increased the "Starling
      resistor" properties of lung vessels. 6. In plethysmograph experiments histamine
      caused moderate dilatation and constriction without affecting lung volume but
      strong vasoconstriction was accompanied by increases in lung volume.

PMID- 975629
TI  - Adrenoceptor and cholinoceptor mediated effects in the isolated urethra of cat
      and guinea-pig.
AB  - 1. Preparations of isolated bladder-urethral junction from cats and guinea-pigs
      were suspended in Krebs solution (37 degrees C) which was bubbled with carbogen.
      The urethral lumen was perfused at a very low rate (1-3 ml/h) with Krebs
      solution. Resistance to flow and changes in longitudinal tension (initial setting
      0-5 g) were recorded. In additional experiments, tension changes in urethral
      circular muscle preparations were registered. 2. The urethral preparations had a
      basal resistance to flow within the range 5-20 cm H2O. They had a spontaneous
      contractile activity that was unaffected by atropine 0-1 mug/ml, phenoxybenzamine
      0-1 mug/ml, and tetrodotoxin 0-1-0-5 mug/ml, suggesting it was of myogenic
      origin. 3. The basal characteristics and the drug-induced changes in the perfused
      urethras were independent of whether the longitudinal tension was recorded
      isometrically or isotonically, or whether the perfusion was made retrograde or
      antegrade. Passive changes in longitudinal tension between 0-5 and 2-0 g did not
      affect the resistance to flow through the urethra. 4. Adrenaline and
      noradrenaline, 0-01-1 mug/ml, increased longitudinal tension and resistance to
      flow in the perfused preparations. The effects, which were sustained and
      concentration-related, were blocked or reversed into inhibition in the presence
      of phenoxybenzamine, 0-1 mug/ml. This finding suggests that the stimulatory
      effects were mediated via alpha-receptors. 5. Isoprenaline, 0-001-0-005 mug/ml,
      relaxed and inhibited the activity in the cat urethral smooth muscle and
      decreased the resistance to flow both under basal conditions and when the urethra
      was contracted by noradrenaline or acetylcholine. The inhibitory effects were
      blocked by propranolol, 0-1 mug/ml, suggesting that they were mediated via beta
      receptors. In guinea-pig preparations, no effect of isoprenaline was observed. 6.
      Acetylcholine, 0-02-0-5 mug/ml, increased the longitudinal tension and the
      resistance to flow through the urethras. The latter effect was less pronounced
      than that produced by noradrenaline, especially in the guinea-pig preparations.
      Noradrenaline was also more effective than ecetylcholine in contracting the
      circular muscle of the urethra. The effect of acetylcholine was blocked by
      atropine, 0-1 mug/ml, suggesting that the contractions were mediated through
      muscarinic cholinoceptors.

PMID- 975630
TI  - Effects of amiodarone and L8040, novel antianginal and antiarrhythmic drugs, on
      cardiac and coronary haemodynamics and on cardiac intracellular potentials.
AB  - 1. The effects on the coronary and systemic haemodynamics of intravenous and
      intracoronary injections of two benzfuran derivatives, amiodarone and its
      brominated analogue (L8040), were studied in open-chest anaesthetized dogs. The
      effects of L8040 on cardiac intracellular potentials after 6 weeks of 20 mg/kg
      intraperitoneal injections in rabbits were also investigated. 2. Both compounds
      produced dose-related and quantitatively similar decreases in coronary vascular
      resistance following their intracoronary administration; threshold effects
      occurred with about 0-25 mg of each drug and maximal effects with 4 mg. Larger
      intracoronary doses produced measurable systemic effects. 3. Intravenous
      injections of amiodarone and L8040 (2-5-10 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases
      in heart rate and aortic pressure with a fall in total peripheral resistance. The
      left ventricular output was either unaffected or increased with a consistent
      augmentation in stroke volume. 4. The bradycardia produced by both drugs was
      associated with prolongation of the P-R interval of the electrocardiogram with no
      significant effect on the QRS duration or the Q-T interval. 5. Each drug produced
      a decrease in the total peripheral vascular resistance with no change  in left
      ventricular end diastolic pressure except after 10 mg/kg doses which led to an
      increase in this parameter. 6. Cardiac contractile force and peak LV dp/dt were
      reduced by both drugs in a dose-related manner. 7. Chronic intraperitoneal
      administration of L8040 in rabbits caused a prolongation of the duration of the
      atrial and ventricular intracellular potential without an effect on the maximal
      rate of depolarization. 8. The effect of amiodarone or L8040 on the coronary
      circulation and arterial pressure may be attributed to their vasodilator
      properties but their depressant actions on cardiac contractile force and peak LV
      dp/dt with an increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure at high doses,
      also suggest intrinsic negative inotropic propensity for both compounds. 9. It is
      concluded that the overall effects on coronary and systemic haemodynamics of
      amiodarone and its brominated analogue are likely to permit a favourable
      influence on the balance of oxygen supply and demand in myocardial ischaemia; in
      addition, their actions on sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular conduction as well
      as those on cardiac repolarization suggest potential antiarrhythmic properties
      which merit investigation.

PMID- 975631
TI  - Circulatory changes in cold-acclimation and cold stress.
AB  - 1. The cardiovascular changes of conscious cold-acclimated (CA) and warm
      acclimated (WA) rats during exposure to 5 degrees C or 28 degrees C were studied.
      2. The cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume of Ca rats exposed to 5
      degrees C and of WA rats during cold stress were significantly greater, and their
      calculated total peripheral resistance significantly less than those of WA rats
      ats exposed to 28 degrees C. These results show that circulatory changes
      participate in cold acclimation and cold stress. The circulatory changes in the
      two conditions were compared and the mechanism of the observed differences were
      discussed. 3. CA rats exposed to 28 degrees C showed a striking decrease of
      oxygen consumption and arterio-venous O2 difference, but significant circulatory
      changes were decreased heart rate and cardiac index only, indicating that the
      response was mainly metabolic.

PMID- 975632
TI  - The effects of propranolol, practolol and metoprolol on exercise-induced
      tachycardia in relation to plasma levels in man.
AB  - 1. The effects of single oral doses of propranolol, practolol and a new
      cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, metoprolol, on exercise-induced
      tachycardia in relation to plasma levels were studied in six normal volunteers.
      2. Exercise undertaken on treadmill was submaximal which, under control
      conditions, increased the heart rate from 74-3 (s.e.m. = 6-8) to 153-8 (s.e.m. =
      9.8) beats/min. 3. Plasma concentrations of propranolol and practolol were
      assayed fluorometrically and of metoprolol by electron-capture gas liquid
      chromatography, the details of which are described. 4. Between 1-5 and 2 h after
      drug ingestion 80 mg of propranolol associated with plasma level of 50-60 ng/ml
      (half-life 2-75 h), reduced the exercise-induced tachycardia by 27%, 250 mg of
      practolol with plasma levels of 1050-1100 ng/ml reduced it by 28% and 100 mg of
      metoprolol with plasma concentrations of 140-150 ng/ml (half-life 1-7 h), reduced
      it by 30%. 5. The resting heart rates were reduced significantly by propranolol
      and metoprolol but not by practolol. 6. Metoprolol is a potent short-acting beta
      adrenoceptor antagonist; its advantages as a cardioselective agent over practolol
      in therapeutic use are discussed.

PMID- 975633
TI  - Lethal effects of reserpine plus physostigmine and neostigmine in mice.
AB  - 1. The interaction between the reversible cholinesterase inhibitors,
      physostigmine and neostigmine and reserpine was studied. 2. A combination of
      reserpine plus a cholinesterase inhibitor significantly increased lethality in
      adult male Swiss-Webster mice above that caused by either neostigmine,
      physostigmine, or reserpine alone. 3. Methscopolamine completely reversed this
      effect. 4. It would appear that the presence of the antiadrenergic agent,
      reserpine, increases the toxicity of cholinomimetic agents. 5. The above results
      may have clinical significance, since reserpine and cholinesterase inhibitors are
      used in the practice of medicine.

PMID- 975634
TI  - Circulating dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) and catecholamines in a paediatric
      phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - 1. Circulating catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) have been
      studied in a child with bilateral phaeochromocytoma. 2. Venous catheterization
      showed a great increase in catecholamine efflux from the left adrenal vein while
      DbetaH activity in the latter was only slightly elevated. 3. Circulating
      catecholamines fluctated greatly while DbetaH activity decreased gradually during
      the removal of the tumours. 4. Post-operatively, circulating catecholamines
      declined to normal values while DbetaH activity returned to pre-operative levels.
      5. It is concluded that these tumours released circulating catecholamines
      independent of an exocytotic secretion of DbetaH and that the circulating DbetaH
      reflected the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 975635
TI  - Plasma carbamazepine determinations: a simple gas chromatographic method.
AB  - 1. A simple, rapid and specific gas chromatographic method for the measurement of
      plasma carbamazepine concentration is presented. 2. The extraction is a single
      step method, and the drug is measured by derivatization using on column
      methylation and standard instrumentation. 3. Other anticonvulsant agents do not
      co-extract. Other drugs do not interfere in the chromatogram. 4. Stability,
      recovery and reproducibility make this procedure suitable for routine
      carbamazepine measurements.

PMID- 975636
TI  - The effects of mazindol and 46-034 (Sandoz) on glucose oxidation and insulin
      binding by rat isolated fat cells.
AB  - 1. The anorexic agent mazindol and its major metabolite 46-034 (Sandoz) in high
      concentrations ( greater than 0-4 mM) abolished basal and insulin-stimulated
      conversion of 1-14C-glucose to 14CO2 by rat isolated fat cells. 2. High
      concentrations (1mM) also inhibited specific binding of 125 I-insulin to fat
      cells. 3. The observed effects appeared to be due in part to perturbation of the
      plasma membrane since there was a rise in the lactate dehydrogenase content of
      the incubation medium, increased 125I-insulin degradation and a reduction in
      cellular tritiated water space. 4. These effects are unlikely to be relevant to
      the therapeutic action of mazindol.

PMID- 975637
TI  - Selective severe cellular immunodeficiency. Effect of thymus transplantation and
      transfer factor administration.

PMID- 975638
TI  - Effects of levamisole on human monocyte function and immunoprotein receptors.

PMID- 975639
TI  - Immune deposits in the spleen of a patient with acute poststreptococcal
      glomerulonephritis (APSGN).

PMID- 975640
TI  - Defective human mononuclear leukocyte chemotaxis as an index of host resistance
      to malignant melanoma.

PMID- 975641
TI  - Antigens in human immune complex nephritis.

PMID- 975642
TI  - Changes of bone histology during maintenance hemodialysis at various levels of
      dialyzate Ca concentration.
AB  - Bone histology (iliac crest biopsies; undecalcified sections; micromorphometry)
      was studied by repeated biopsies in 19 patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
      Sampling error was assessed by taking two biopsies at one time. After an initial
      biopsy, patients were dialyzed either against 3.6 mEq Ca/l dialyzate or 3.9 mEq
      Ca/l dialyzate for 9-16 months before a second biopsy was taken. Bone histology
      failed to normalize irrespective of the dialyzate Ca concentration. Surface
      density of endosteal fibrosis diminished in a considerable proportion of the
      patients (9/19). Volumetric density of osteoid fell in 5 and rose in 4 of the
      patients.

PMID- 975643
TI  - The binding of chloramphenicol to serum proteins in patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - The binding (r) of chloramphenicol to serum proteins is significantly lower in
      patients with chronic renal failure than in normal subjects. Before hemodialysis,
      the mean r value in patients with chronic renal insufficiency was 0.165 mg/g (+/
      0.003) versus 0.188 mg/g (+/-0.004) in healthy individuals. Hemodialysis produced
      a significant rise in r (to 0.182 mg/g, +/-0.004). Decrease in the serum
      concentration of albumin in patients with chronic renal insufficiency does not
      seem to be the sole factor responsible for decreased r.

PMID- 975644
TI  - Quadricepsplasty: a review, case presentations, and discussion.
AB  - The operation of quadricepsplasty as described by T. C. Thompson, if followed by
      satisfactory after-treatment, can be expected to lead to a substantial gain of
      knee motion in patients who have fibrous ankylosis of the knee.

PMID- 975645
TI  - Complications of polycentric knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Results of 89 polycentric knee arthroplasties are assessed from 2 years to 7 1/2
      years after operation. Seventy-two arthroplasties (81%) are considered to improve
      the mobility of the patient, with 17 arthroplasties producing no improvement.
      Infection after operation in 6 arthroplasties (7%) required arthrodesis of 3
      arthroplasties. Loosening of prosthetic components occurred in 9 arthroplasties
      (10%).

PMID- 975646
TI  - Diphosphonate treatment of Paget's disease.
AB  - Ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered in a dose of 20
      mg/kg/d to 21 patients with symptomatic Paget's disease. All patients were
      treated for 6 months and then followed for an additional 6 months. There was a
      striking decline in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxy-proline
      excretion observed after 3 months of therapy which was not significantly improved
      in the succeeding 3 months. Concomitantly there was marked improvement in
      clinical symptoms and bone scans. Following cessation of therapy, continued
      biochemical and clinical evidence of remission persisted. Several patients on
      repeat treatment with EHDP appeared to respond promptly. Side effects were
      minimal except for a possibly related osteomalacia and increased incidence of
      pathologic fractures.

PMID- 975647
TI  - Curettage and acrylic cementation in surgery of giant cell tumors of bone.
AB  - True giant cell tumors of bone (osteoblastomas) are comparatively rare but often
      large at time of discovery, making the surgical treatment controversial. Simple
      curettage or resection with bone filling is used when the lesion is small.
      Resection with arthroplasty or arthrodesis and possibly amputation is used in
      advanced cases. Thorough curettage with acrylic cementation is presented in a
      series of 6 cases from Rotterdam and Lund with a follow-up time between 2 and 7
      years. The advantages of this method are full and early mobility and stability as
      well as a simplified postoperative X-ray control, especially when barium sulphate
      contrast has been added to the acrylic cement. Finally, if this technique is used
      in cases where more extensive surgery becomes necessary later, there is much to
      gain and little to lose. The operation may turn out to be the method of choice
      for this special type of tumor when a simple curettage or resection is no longer
      possible without loss of function. No recurrences or spread have been observed
      among these 6 cases. It is suggested that the heat generation could be an
      advantage of the method.

PMID- 975648
TI  - Spontaneous fractures in the brain-crippled, bedridden patient.
AB  - This report deals with the treatment of 31 spontaneous fractures which occurred
      in 50 institutionalized patients who were bedridden primarily because of severe
      cerebral palsy associated with brain injury. More than one-half of the group
      sustained a spontaneous fracture. Satisfactory healing of all fractures with a
      minimum of complications occurred without any immobilization or realignment. In 4
      patients with delayed compound wounds, the treatment consisted of resection of
      the protruding portion of the bone after allowing the bony protrusion to wall
      itself off.

PMID- 975649
TI  - Valgus osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the knee.
AB  - Recent reports indicate that proximal tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the
      knee is contraindicated if subluxation of the joint is evident clinically or on
      weight-bearing X-rays, or if the angular deformity of the joint is greater than
      15 degrees. The purpose of this paper is to present evidence that a proximal
      tibial osteotomy, properly planned and performed, can give consistently sat
      sfactory results even in osteoarthritic knees which have preoperative varus
      deformities greater that 15 degrees or are subluxated. A proper planning requires
      an exact measurement of the deformity on full length X-rays, a precise
      preoperative drawing and a very exact osteotomy giving some overcorrection. The
      overcorrection must compensate for the weakness of the lateral muscles, the most
      frequent cause of the condition.

PMID- 975650
TI  - Total condylar knee replacment: preliminary report.
AB  - The Total Condylar Prosthesis is a non-hinged unit designed to: replace the
      patellofemoral articulation; improve fixation of the tibial component by means of
      a stout central peg; permit accurate and reproducible insertion. The cruciate
      ligaments are excised to obtain better tibial fixation. Instability has not been
      a problem except in a few cases of a technical error (removal of excessive bone
      from the tibia creates instability in flexion). The prosthesis cannot be
      positioned by "eye" and the instrumentation must be applied exactly.

PMID- 975651
TI  - Displaced fracture of the lumbosacral spine with delayed cauda equina deficit:
      report of a case and review of literature.
AB  - A 41-year-old man with a fracture of the upper sacrum and forward and downward
      displacement of the superior sacral fragment and upper spine on the lower sacrum,
      developed partial deficit of cauda equina function. Similar fractures rarely have
      been reported. Signs of lumbar pain, contusion, and fractured transverse
      processes should lead the surgeon to carefully examine the radiologic fractures
      of the area of injury; otherwise, this lesion may heal unrecognized. With the
      spine in flexion, the fracture may create mechanical instability. Early closed or
      open reduction is theoretically ideal. Surgical treatment must be weighed in
      terms of the risks and needs of the individual.

PMID- 975652
TI  - Tibial torsion?
AB  - A longitudinal study evaluating the degree of rotation of the bimalleolar axis of
      tibia and fibula at birth, 6 month, 12 months and 24 months revealed a gradual
      statistically significant external rotation from a mean of 4 degrees at birth to
      a mean of 11 degrees at 24 months. There was no correlation with the sex or race
      of the child or with the age at which the child began independent walking. It is
      concluded that this external rotation is a part of normal growth and development
      of the infants' lower extremities.

PMID- 975653
TI  - Vertical transarticular pin fixation for unstable ankle fractures: impressions
      after 16 years of experience.
AB  - The usage of vertical transarticular pin fixation combined with plaster
      immobilization for severe ankle injuries has been reviewed in 92 consecutive
      cases over a period of 16 years. Moderately simple in application and without a
      skin incision, the procedure has been found to provide efficient and reliable
      short-term stabilization of the ankle and subtalar joints with minimal
      complications. A new technique is described for accurate placement of the pin and
      the prevention of its migration. It is a reasonable alternative treatment for
      certain unstable distal tibial and ankle fractures when open reduction with
      conventional internal fixation cannot be done. In particular, the method is
      recommended in treating displaced fractures at the ankle and deltoid ligament
      ruptures in geriatric patients. It is often useful as a salvage or last-resort
      procedure in unusually severe ankle injuries with circulatory or neural deficits.
      In many instances additional trauma to the head, thorax or abdomen may have been
      sustained. Thus total patient care is essential and priorities must be
      recognized. The treatment of ankle trauma, furthermore, in a physiologically-aged
      diabetic patient is often not the same as that for similar injuries in a young
      healthy adult. The clinical judgement and experience of the operator is the basis
      for selection of the procedure. The simplest method is often the best. Pin
      fixation, however, is not for everyone. It should be done only by surgeons
      qualified to treat bone and joint trauma and even then only for those situations
      in which its usage is specifically indicated.

PMID- 975654
TI  - Forearm fractures in children: pitfalls and complications.
AB  - Five hundred fourty-seven consecutive forearm fractures in children were studied,
      with special emphasis on complications encountered. The most important apparent
      conclusion reached from this study is that greenstick and complete fractures are
      different, and that some of the pitfalls and complications seen following these
      injuries can be avoided if different methods of reduction are used for each.
      Greenstick fractures should be reduced by manipulating them into the correct
      proper plane of rotation; i.e., maximum pronation for distal third fractures,
      neutral for middle third fractures, and supination for proximal third fractures.
      Application of this familiar "rule of thirds" to complete fractures, however, may
      result in ratational deformity at the fracture site. Completer fractures should
      be reduced by finger trap traction, allowing the fracture to seek its own level
      of rotation. Several other observations were also noted. Angulation into radial
      deviation was found to remodel and equally as well as volar angulation, and
      remodeling may contine for as long as two years after injury. Growth disturbance
      following fractures through the distal radial epiphyseal plate is uncommon, but
      premature closure of the epiphysis did occur in one patient with a typical Type
      II fracture. Six concomitant nerve injuries were seen; all recovered
      spontaneously within 3 weeks.

PMID- 975655
TI  - A statistical evaluation of polycentric total knee arthroplasties.
AB  - Four hundred nineteen knees in 299 patients were examined preoperatively and at
      two years after polycentric total knee surgery. One hundred forty-three knees
      were in 109 patients with osteoarthritis. Two hundred seventy-six knees were in
      190 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pain decreased significantly, use of aids
      decreased significantly, and distance walked increased significantly in both
      groups. Rheumatoid patients did not fare as well as osteoarthritics in the use of
      aids and distance walked. Osteoarthritic knees had proportionately more implant
      settling, implant loosening and reoperations than did rheumatoid arthritic knees.

PMID- 975656
TI  - Acute carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to pseudogout: case report.
AB  - Acute carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to chondrocalcinosis seems not to have
      been previously reported. In a 75-year-old woman, with arthropathy and
      calcification of the triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist, hyperparathyroidism
      was suspected, but not proven. Hydroxyapatite and calcium pyrophosphate crystals
      were found together in the pathological specimen. The patient obtained complete
      relief from sectioning of the transverse carpal ligament.

PMID- 975657
TI  - Treatment of the triphalangeal thumb.
AB  - The triphalangeal thumb is a rare congenital malformation, but not as rare as the
      literature would imply. Forty-two patients with 68 triphalangeal thumbs,
      represent an incidence of about 3 per cent of a population of upper extremity
      abnormalities. Although little is written about the details of treatment, surgery
      is frequently necessary. Age makes a great difference as to hom the extra phalanx
      should be treated. The associated abnormalities present major surgical problems
      that must be treated early.

PMID- 975658
TI  - Statistics of total knee replacement.

PMID- 975659
TI  - The osteoclast: review of ultrastructure, origin, and structure-function
      relationship.
AB  - Multinucleated cells of the giant cell tumor and the genuine osteoclasts exhibit
      a number of common morphological characteristics and may or may not originate
      from similar progenitor cells. Judging from the present preliminary results, it
      is obvious that the differentiation of the plasma membrane into a specialized
      area, the ruffled border, is not as conspicuous in the giant cell as in the
      osteoclast. A series of interrelated investigations including histochemical
      methods at the ultrastructural level applied both in giant cell tissue and
      cultured giant tumor cells are in progress. These studies may further elucidate
      the possible relationship between the osteoclast and the multinucleated giant
      cell tumor as well as the possible relationships between giant cells and other
      cell types of tumors.

PMID- 975660
TI  - Newer knowledge of the immunology of bone and cartilage.
AB  - By the use of modern techniques, the nature of the immunological response to bone
      and cartilage grafts is becoming clear. Fresh bone, whether cancellous or
      cortical, will elicit a cell-mediated immunological response; removal of the bone
      marrow has little effect in reducing immunogenicity. Antibodies against cellular
      components of the graft are detectable in the recipient only when host and donor
      have a disparity for the major histocompatibility (H) antigen. Treatment of bone
      grafts, for the bone bank, by freezing removes their immunogenicity with regard
      to antibody production but leaves them capable of stimulating the cellmediated
      immune response. Freeze drying, on the other hand, impairs immunogenicity for
      both types of responses. Cartilage, grafted alone, is probably non-antigenic as
      far as both immune responses are concerned and, although there have been a few
      reports of stimulation of CMI and antibody production by cartilage, these have
      not been confirmed. Cartilage cells do, however, possess antigens of the major H
      antigen system. The cartilage graft is therefore antigenic but only feebly
      immunogenic, as the matrix proteoglycans protect the cells from the afferent arm
      of the immune response. Osteoarticular allografts, consisting of both bone and
      cartilage, sensitize the host due to their bone components. The effect of the
      immune response upon the bone allograft is to destroy the graft-derived first
      phase of osteogenesis which, in turn, leads to a poor or non-existent host phase
      of new bone formation in most allografts. The exact effector mechanism by means
      of which this destruction is brought about is not known. Bone grafts may be
      protected from the immune response by use of immunosuppressive measures.
      Cartilage enjoys a considerable measure of protection from immunological
      effectors by virtue of its matrix. If this breaks down then the cartilage can
      become permeable to antibodies. It is suggested that "lymphokines," produced by
      sensitized lymphocytes, may play some role in destroying the cartilage graft.

PMID- 975661
TI  - Cell proliferation in the bone marrow and thymus following fractures in rats.
AB  - Skeletal trauma in rats (tibial and femur fractures) stimulates bone marrow and
      thymus to increased mitotic activity during the first 2-3 days after the
      fracture. The stimulation is roughly of the same degree as that described in
      earlier investigations on the effects of calcium ion injections and moderate or
      major hemorrhages. The cause of increased mitotic level might be due to the
      release of kinins from the fracture area, factors which are known to stimulate
      mitoses of the bone marrow and thymus.

PMID- 975662
TI  - Pathogenesis of scoliosis.
AB  - Scoliosis often occurs in otherwise normal individuals or it may be associated
      with many widely differing diseases. The curve patterns are fairly uniform and
      the vertebrae always rotate in the frontal and horizontal planes producing convex
      side rotation with little displacement of the spinuous processes. Many small
      curves do not increase. Progressive scoliosis increases linearly and the rate of
      increase accelerates at puberty. No endocrine abnormalities have been observed in
      these patients. Usually the deformity is not caused by abnormal vertebral growth
      nor by abnormal collagen in verterbral ligaments. The glycosaminoglycans of
      nucleus pulposus are decreased in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. We
      speculate that loss of proteoglycans will affect the viscoelastic properties of
      the intervertebral discs which may result in permanent deformation. The etiology
      of scoliosis appears to be multifactorial with a genetic tendency to the
      deformity which is triggered in different individuals by different factors, some
      medical, some mechanical and some genetic.

PMID- 975663
TI  - A statistical evaluation of geometric total knee arthroplasties.
AB  - Seventy-five knees in 56 patients were examined preoperatively and at two years
      after geometric total knee surgery. Thirty-three knees were in 28 patients with
      osteoarthritis. Fourty-two knees were in 28 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
      Pain was significantly decreased and the use of aids was significantly decreased
      in both groups. The distance walked increased significantly for the
      osteoarthritic group but not for the rheumatoid group. Rheumatoid patients did
      not fare as well as osteoarthritic patients in distance walked and use of aids.
      Knees with osteoarthritis had more evidence of lucent lines and implant loosening
      than did the rheumatoid patients.

PMID- 975664
TI  - UCI knee replacement.
AB  - Between March 9, 1972 and December 31, 1973, a total of 103 UCI knee replacements
      were performed. Follow-up data are available on 83 knees with an average follow
      up of 33 months. Patient evaluation of the end results indicates that 78.3 per
      cent were better, 9.6 per cent unchanged, and 12.1 per cent worse. Patient
      evaluation of their own knee function averaged 55 per cent preoperatively and 79
      per cent postoperatively. Patients were also evaluated on a 100 point Modified
      Larson Analysis Form. The average preoperative score was 46, and the average
      postoperative score was 70. There were six (5.8%) biological complications in the
      103 knee replacement. Biological complications included infections, wound healing
      problems and unexplained pain. Mechanical complications were seen in 18 (17.4%)
      knees, and included knee instability, tibial component loosening or deformation,
      and patellar problems. Additional surgery was required in 18 (17.4%) knees.
      Failure of the procedure eventually requiring removal of the prosthesis and
      fusion or amputation occurred in 4 (3.9%) knees. The intermediate-term results of
      UCI knee replacement have been clinically satisfactory. We currently recommend
      consideration of this procedure for patients with disabling arthritis of the
      knee.

PMID- 975665
TI  - Results of knee replacement with the Walldius prosthesis: an interim report.
AB  - Fourty-two knees replaced with the Walldius prosthesis have been followed for an
      average of almost 6 years. The rating of the average knee on a 100 point clinical
      scale improved 29 points as a result of the procedure. Complications were
      carefully documented and were numerous, although relatively few affected the end
      result.

PMID- 975666
TI  - Guepar hinge prosthesis: complications and results with two years' follow-up.
AB  - Experience with the GUEPAR prosthesis in 292 cases of which 103 have been
      followed for more than 2 years, suggests that: implanting a hinge prosthesis is
      major surgery on elderly patients in whom severe complications have occurred and
      for this reason, the operations should be reserved for extremely damaged and
      unstable knees; the most important local complications have been deep sepsis for
      which we have noted a rate of 6.6 per cent; in the treatment of sepsis,
      everything must be done to preserve the prosthesis because arthrodesis is
      difficult to obtain; pain relief has been significant as a result of the
      operation. The prosthetic design allows flexion of more than 90 degrees in 85 per
      cent of the cases and 120 degrees in 26 per cent; after two years, the results
      seem relatively stable. We have not observed aseptic loosening after this period
      but a longer observation period is necessary to be reassured on this point;
      patellar pain remains a major concern because this arthroplasty has not solved
      the problem, and other solutions will have to be found.

PMID- 975667
TI  - Statistics of total knee replacement: partial and total knee replacement, design
      St. Georg: a review of a 4-year observation.
AB  - Since 1969, we have used 2 different types of knee prostheses to reconstruct
      arthritic knees. The surface replacement prosthesis (sledge) is indicated where
      ligamentous stability is present and angular deformity is not severe. In
      addition, the sledge prosthesis may be implanted with good results in selected
      acute comminuted tibial plateau fractures. The total hinged prosthesis of metal
      design is recommended in knees which are severely deformed, and unstable, and
      therefore not suitable for the sledge prosthesis. Marked relief of pain was the
      most significant result in our patients. Residual knee pain was most frequently
      due to patello-femoral pain and, when severe, this was satisfactorily controlled
      by performing a patellectomy. Motion was usually maintained at the preoperative
      range or improved, mainly by reducing or eliminating the knee flexion
      contracture. In a high percentage, the unicompartmental sledge prosthesis has
      given excellent results. However, we tend to insert a bi-compartmental sledge
      prosthesis because experience has shown that even slight damage of the articular
      surfaces of the opposite side is likely to further deteriorate rapidly. Although
      a significant number of complications occurred, these have been minimized by
      further conservative and operative treatment. We anticipate a further reduction
      in complications based on our initial experience, and prosthetic revisions.

PMID- 975668
TI  - ICLH (Freeman/Swanson) arthroplasty in the treatment of arthritic knee: a 2 to 4
      year review.
AB  - A prospective follow-up using a standardized data recording form was carried out
      by independent, experienced orthopedic surgeons on a small number (116) of knees
      operated upon at The London Hospital in the period January 1, 1971 to October 31,
      1973. An additional 93 knees have been operated upon at other hospitals and
      followed prospectively using the same data recording system. A total of 159 knees
      have been reviewed 2 to 4 years after operation. The complications specific to
      ICLH arthroplasty have been unremarkable and generally correctable. Two tibial
      components have sunk and have been revised at The London Hospital. The results
      show that ICLH arthroplasty has been used to correct satisfactorily flexion
      deformities up to 70 degrees, valgus deformities up to 45 degrees, and varus
      deformities up to 35 degrees. (Deformities of greater magnitude can be corrected
      but were not present among the knees in this study.) The operation may be said to
      be "worthwhile" with reference to pain in 94 per cent of the knees, with
      reference to the ability to walk in 80 per cent of the knees, and with reference
      to the range of movement in 71 per cent. Overall, 47 per cent of the knees had no
      complaint postoperatively, while a further 47 per cent were improved; thus for 94
      per cent the procedure was "worthwhile."

PMID- 975669
TI  - Duo-condylar knee arthroplasty: hospital for special surgery design.
AB  - This is a report of 94 knees in 88 patients with the duo-condylar type of knee
      arthroplasty. The follow-up period of time was between 2 to 4 years with an
      average of 3 years. The rheumatoid to osteoarthritic patient ratio was 3 to 1.
      The overall results were excellent in 37.5 per cent, good in 37.5 per cent, fair
      in 16 per cent, and poor in 9 per cent. The main causes of failure and poor
      results were: (1) under or over correction of deformity leading to subluxation
      and/or instability of the knee; (2) loosening of the tibial component, and (3)
      symptoms arising from the patellofemoral joint. The revision rate is 5.5 per
      cent. The progressive radiolucency at the cement bone bond is 26 per cent of
      which 16 per cent is up to 1 mm and 10 per cent is between 1.5 to 3 mm. To
      further improve the results of arthroplasty, one should take into consideration
      (1) replacement of the patellofemoral joint, (2) insertion of the prosthesis in
      the proper anatomical location under correct tension of the ligaments and capsule
      with the help of proper instrumentation and (3) improvement in fixation of the
      tibial component.

PMID- 975670
TI  - Unicondylar knee replacement.
AB  - Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was conceived for the treatment of
      osteoarthritic knees with deterioration of either the medial or lateral
      compartment of the knee. The Unicondylar prosthesis was used in 19 medial and 5
      lateral compartment arthroplasties. A two to 4 year follow-up evaluation of these
      patients was somewhat disappointing as only 5 knees could be rated excellent and
      6 rated a good result. The best results were seen in the lateral compartment
      arthroplasties. Such deformities may be the only future indication for the use of
      this operation as these knees do not do well when treated by tibial osteotomy.
      However, when only the medial compartment is involved, osteotomy may still remain
      the treatment of choice.

PMID- 975671
TI  - The Modular (Marmor) knee: case report with a minimum follow-up of 2 years.
AB  - A follow-up of 2 years or more on 105 patients with the Modular (Marmor) knee
      replacement revealed that 88 per cent of the patients had a successful result.
      The complications and failures are analyzed in depth. Late loosening of the
      components was not observed except with the 6 mm tibial plateau. Pain relief was
      dramatic as well as improved function, stability and motion.

PMID- 975672
TI  - Presidential address: a neurosurgical approach to the therapy of extracranial
      occlusive disease.

PMID- 975673
TI  - What should the neurosurgeon do when faced with a malpractice suit?

PMID- 975674
TI  - Hematological and vascular concepts in relation to stroke.
AB  - This review has highlighted some of the factors which influence the formation and
      fate of thrombi. Rheology and flow, the coagulation mechanism, the fibrinolytic
      enzyme system, and the properties of platelets to adhere and aggregate all play a
      significant role. Of paramount importance to neurosurgeons is the role of the
      vascular wall in thrombogenesis. The ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque
      demonstrates this point. Factors contributing to thromboembolism in this setting
      include stenosis and reduced flow, turbulence, and the elements in the lesion
      with which blood interacts. These are principally collagen, ADP, fatty acids, and
      the thromboplastic activity of vascular subendothelial tissue. Current concepts
      of the etiologies of atherosclerosis were discussed. Along with other
      predisposing factors, platelets may play a significant role in the initiation of
      the process. The current status of clinical trials with inhibitors of platelet
      function in the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders was reviewed. In vascular
      reconstructive surgery, the principles which underlie good technique are those
      which best insure against thrombosis. The briefest possible period of stasis
      during surgery should be maintained. The reconstruction should result in a smooth
      blood flow pattern with rapid runoff and minimal stenosis or gaps between apposed
      endothelial surfaces.

PMID- 975675
TI  - Host--dose--time: a concept for atherosclerosis.
AB  - Advances in knowledge about atherosclerosis in the past 25 years were discussed.
      Areas of disagreement and agreement were identified. A concept of HOST-DOSE-TIME
      was introduced for the skeptical analysis of past, present, and future
      observation and treatment of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 975676
TI  - Neurosurgical consideration of some features of the cerebral dural sinuses and
      their tributaries.

PMID- 975677
TI  - Cardiogenic factors in the stroke syndrome.
AB  - The cardiogenic factors which may contribute to the stroke syndrome have been
      discussed (Table 14.7). Pathophysiological mechanisms include emboli from
      rheumatic coronary and congenital heart diseases. Atherosclerotic disease and
      hypertension can involve both intracranial and extracranial arteries.
      Disturbances in cardiac rhythm can significantly reduce cerebral blood flow. The
      development of cerebral hypoxia with resuscitation is described. Treatment of
      these disorders is reviewed, and the potential role of metabolic support of the
      ischemic tissue both with cerebral and myocardial damage has been presented.

PMID- 975678
TI  - Epidemiology and prevention of stroke.

PMID- 975679
TI  - HYPERTENSIVE BRAIN HEMORRHAGE.

PMID- 975680
TI  - The radionuclide cerebral angiogram in stroke diagnosis.
AB  - The radionuclide cerebral angiogram using intravenous radiopertechnetate has been
      found to be of value in confirming the early diagnosis of stroke. The isotopic
      perfusion study is of value in detecting ischemic carotid and middle cerebral
      lesions. It can also provide a rapid means of demonstrating intracerebral
      hemorrhages. Nuclear angiography is not recommended for detection of
      vertebrobasilar artery disease unless a posterior cerebral artery occlusion is
      suspected.

PMID- 975681
TI  - Techniques of cerebral revascularization.

PMID- 975682
TI  - Blood flow and cerebral revascularization.

PMID- 975683
TI  - Patient selection and results of extra to intracranial anastomosis in selected
      cases of cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 975684
TI  - Complications of cerebral revascularization.

PMID- 975685
TI  - The difference between zero and one.

PMID- 975686
TI  - Complications of carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 975687
TI  - Complications of aneurysm surgery.

PMID- 975688
TI  - Craniotomy infections.

PMID- 975689
TI  - Spinal fluid fistulae.

PMID- 975690
TI  - Shunt complications.
AB  - To some extent our greatest problem is the philosophic answer to the question,
      "who shall be treated, how intensely and to what expense?" The cost of care is
      almost always greatest in the child who is borderline in selection and least
      likely to survive. Over half of the children shunted after application of
      searching criteria appear to this author to be compensated (Table 28.13).

PMID- 975691
TI  - Complications of trans-sphenoidal surgery.

PMID- 975692
TI  - Neurosurgical complications: fluid and electrolyte imbalance.

PMID- 975693
TI  - Complications of surgery of the anterior cervical spine.

PMID- 975694
TI  - Complications of laminectomy.

PMID- 975695
TI  - The role of vascular proliferation in the growth of brain tumors.
AB  - The formation of new blood vessels, i.e., angiogenesis, is a critical step in the
      evolution of a brain tumor from the earliest avascular phase to the clinically
      overt, vascular stage. For cerebral astrocytomas, intense capillary proliferation
      is a poor prognostic sign, associated with rapidly growing tumors. The in vivo
      production of a vasoformative substance can be demonstrated by transplanting
      human and experimental gliomas to the rabbit cornea. Intense neovascularization
      is elicited by the tumor and not by control tissues. If the same tumor is
      transplanted to the vitreous, thereby interrupting the vasoformative signal, the
      tumor remains in a dormant state for a prolonged period of time, despite its
      malignant potential. Inhibition of angiogenesis would be an important adjunct to
      the surgical treatment of gliomas.

PMID- 975696
TI  - Complications of percutaneous surgery for pain.
AB  - Percutaneous procedures are proving themselves to be useful additions to the
      group of neurosurgical procedures for treating pain. They demand a different
      style of careful operating technique and they place heavy reliance on the gradual
      production of lesions to achieve the desired degree of denervation. Control of
      lesion position and extent through further advances in neurophysiological
      monitoring should give these procedures an even wider margin of safety and
      reliability.

PMID- 975697
TI  - Complications of surgery for subdural hematoma.
AB  - In this report we have discussed the complications of surgery for subdural
      hematoma. The complications are varied and many depend primarily on the type of
      treatment required by the patient. We have considered the problems associated
      with: percutaneous tap in infants, subdural shunts in infants and children,
      craniotomy for membranectomy, twist-drill drainage, and burr holes, craneictomy,
      and/or craniotomy. Infection, epilepsy, and reaccumulation of the subdural
      hematoma are common to all forms of therapy, while other complications are
      related to the specific form of subdural hematoma treatment. In addition,
      significant serum and electrolyte abnormalities which may occur as a consequence
      of subdural hematoma surgery have been reviewed. In general, the over-all
      complication rate of surgery for subdural hematoma is low in relationship to the
      morbidity and mortality associated with this lesion. Because of the frequency of
      subdural hematoma, the neurosurgeon should be ever vigilant in the prevention,
      recognition, and management of these complications.

PMID- 975698
TI  - Pulmonary complications in neurosurgery.

PMID- 975699
TI  - ICP monitoring: complications and associated factors.
AB  - 1. Patients with complications when compared with those not developing a
      complication: a. Were older, 44.4 vs. 34.5 years; b. Were monitored longer, 14.0
      vs. 6.5 days; c. Were treated with steroids longer, 18.3 vs. 10.3 days; d. Were
      hospitalized longer, 35.7 vs. 27.7 days; e. Are twice as likely to die; f.
      Average age of those dying is older, 46 vs. 30 years; g. Have no clear
      relationship to antibiotics; h. Do not have a preponderance of single diagnostic
      category to account for these differences; i. Complications were always
      controlled with standard therapy; j. An ICP complication was almost never
      responsible, per se, for death. 2. Over all complication rate was 18%; due to
      monitoring was 4.5 to 11.5%. 3. Monitoring was responsible for, or contributed
      to, 25 to 60% of the complications. 4. No complications occurred when monitoring
      was discontinued within 3 days. 5. Long periods of treatment with steroids
      increased the risk of a complication developing. 6. Long periods of monitoring
      were associated with an increased risk of complication. 7. "Individual" factors
      are partly responsible for the development of a complication, and death. 8. There
      are two groups of complications: "early" and "late." A. Those most likely to be
      monitor related occur "late" and account for 35% of the complications. B. Those
      developing "early" infection account for 65% of the complications and are most
      likely caused by factors other than monitoring. While there are complications
      directly attributable to monitoring, the rate is low and they are readily
      controlled by standard neurosurgical management. While monitoring may increase
      the morbidity, it does not increase the mortality. We feel that the over-all risk
      is small and that the returns are great--both in terms of knowledge and patient
      benefit.

PMID- 975700
TI  - Radical surgical treatment of craniopharyngioma.
AB  - There is evidence from this publication and those of Matson and colleagues that a
      determined effort at total excision of these tumors as the initial therapy is a
      tenable course of action. The main bases for this concept are: (1) that the dense
      gliosis characteristically intervening between these epithelial tumors and normal
      brain constitutes a margin of safety for the surgeon at least for the first
      several years such tumors are growing in the 3rd ventricle; (2) improved early
      diagnosis and better operative instruments, magnification, lighting, and
      technique are decreasing operative morbidity and mortality; and (3) new knowledge
      and new replacement therapy are reducing the burden of the metabolic and
      endocrine defects. Competing with this is the concept that rotationally delivered
      or even more precisely focused high energy photons and intracavitary beta
      radiation have lower morbidity and mortality. The detailed and long term data on
      which to draw conclusions are not yet available. My medical colleagues and I are
      preparing case-by-case tables with all of the relevant facts to supply one
      component of the total picture.

PMID- 975701
TI  - The law of medical professional liability.

PMID- 975702
TI  - Prophylaxis and therapy of malpractice litigation.

PMID- 975703
TI  - The prognosis of medical malpractice insurance.

PMID- 975704
TI  - Clinical evaluation of strokes and threatened strokes.

PMID- 975705
TI  - Controlled thermocoagulation of trigeminal ganglion and rootlets for differential
      destruction of pain fibers: facial pain other than trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - I describe the results of retrogasserian differential lidocaine block to aid in
      the selection of patients for a differential thermal lesion in the trigeminal
      ganglion and rootlets. This procedure temporarily duplicates the state of
      analgesia without anesthesia one seeks to make permanent with the radiofrequency
      heating. The results of this heating procedure are described in the treatment of
      71 patients with facial pain of cancer, postherpetic, periodic migrainous
      neuralgia, acromegaly, trigeminal neuropathy, central pain, post-traumatic facial
      neuralgia, and atypical facial neuralgia.

PMID- 975706
TI  - Methicillin-associated nephritis: clinical rarity or common entity? A review.

PMID- 975707
TI  - Renal vein thrombosis in infancy and childhood: a contemporary survey.

PMID- 975708
TI  - The prognostic significance of fever in childhood urinary infections:
      observations in 350 consecutive patients.
AB  - All infants and children with proven bacteriuria require urologic investigation
      and surveillance, but their prospects for developing chronic renal disease are
      variable. These differences are related to whether or not the bacteria have
      access to the kidneys. Such access correlates closely with the presence of an
      underlying congenital anomaly, particularly vesicoureteral reflux. Fever during
      an episode of active urinary infection is a strong indication that the patient
      has vesicoureteral reflux or some other significant uropathy and probably
      pyelonephritis.

PMID- 975709
TI  - Tuberculosis among urban black children: failure of comprehensive health care
      services to influence incidence rates.
AB  - Over a three-year period, in 2,700 children aged two weeks to 19 years in a South
      Philadelphia ghetto, the new case rate for tuberculosis was 177 per 100,000 per
      year and the rate for new conversions was 673 per 100,000 per year. Children with
      recent conversions or with active disease were, on the average, slightly older
      and had older mothers and more adults and siblings at home than the rest of the
      child population. Parents or other residents of the home were the contacts.
      Children 10 to 14 years of age were the most frequently affected. Children who
      had been receiving continuous comprehensive health care for more than three years
      had the same attack rates as new children in the program.

PMID- 975710
TI  - Direct bladder catheterization in infant females and young girls: description of
      an effective and painless procedure.

PMID- 975711
TI  - Perforated peptic ulcer in infants and young children: description of four cases.

PMID- 975712
TI  - Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus presenting as fever of unknown origin in the
      neonatal period.

PMID- 975713
TI  - No more mass X-ray screening for tuberculosis.

PMID- 975714
TI  - Renal osteodystrophy in children: progress in its management.

PMID- 975715
TI  - Effect of furosemide on the renal excretion of digoxin.
AB  - Digoxin serum and urine levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 6 subjects
      (4 patients with heart disease and 2 volunteers without heart disease) who had
      been maintained on oral digoxin (0.25 or 0.5 mg daily). Observations were made
      during a 3-day control period and then during 8 days of concomitant digoxin and
      oral furosemide (40 mg daily) therapy. Serum digoxin levels determined 10 and 24
      hr after each dose of digoxin averaged 1.2+/-0.1 ng/ml (M+/-SE) during control
      and 1.3+/-0.1 during the last 3 days on digoxin and furosemide. The daily urinary
      excretion of digoxine averaged 51+/-6% of the oral dose during control and 52+/-6
      during the entire period of furosemide administration. The renal clearance of
      digoxin and creatinine averaged 94+/-7 and 87+/-11 ml/min, respectively, during
      control; corresponding values were 88+/-8 and 85+/-9 for urine collections
      demonstrating a distinct diuretic effect of furosemide and 87+/-8 and 75+/-10 for
      urine collections not demonstrating such an effect during diuretic therapy. The
      results suggest that the diuretic effect of furosemide does not significantly
      affect the excretion of digoxin

PMID- 975716
TI  - Renal failure, hemodialysis, and nafcillin kinetics.
AB  - Nafcillin (N) pharmacokinetics was studied in 27 subjectswith and without renal
      failure (RF) (determined by endogenous creatinine clearance, Ccr). Elimination
      rate constants (K) were calculated from serial serum levels of N measured from 2
      to 12 hr after a single 500-mg intramuscular injection. Only 4 of 9 hemodialysis
      patients had measurable levels of N at 24 hr. The K values for the groups with
      normal renal function,moderate RF, severe RF, and on hemodialysis were 0.477 hr(
      1), 0.432 hr (1), 0.369 hr(-1), and 0.306 hr (-1), respectively...

PMID- 975717
TI  - Amobarbital--a probe of hepatic drug oxidation in man.
AB  - Some aspects of the fate of amobarbital were investigated since this drug is
      being used as a probe to gauge drug oxidation in man. The mean ratio of orally
      available over intravenously injected amobarbital was established as 0.99 +/-
      0.11 (SD), by comparing integrated concentration-time curves, indicating complete
      absorption and absence of a first-pass effect. One subject ingested 200 mg of
      amobarbital sodium, and amobarbital concentrations in serum were monitored for 5
      days thereafter. Elimination of amobarbital under these conditions followed first
      order kinetics. One subject ingested amobarbital 7 times over a period of 3 yr;
      plasma clearances (32.1 +/- 1.8 [SD]ml/min) exhibited remarkable constancy, while
      biologic half-lives (26.5 +/- 3.1 hr) and distribution volumes (73.6 +/- 8.0 L)
      showed some fluctuation. The distribution of parameters of amobarbital
      elimination was investigated in 36 unrelated subjects. Amobarbital half-lives
      (23.8 +/- 6.7 hr) appeared to be normally distributed, while the clearances (36.7
      +/- 10.0 ml/min) might not follow a normal distribution.

PMID- 975718
TI  - Protein binding of salicylate in uremic and normal plasma.
AB  - Protein binding of salicylate was studied by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C
      in plasma from uremic patients and healthy subjects. The protein binding was
      considerably lower in the uremic plasma at all salicylate concentrations studied
      (14 to 1,400 mug/ml). Scatchard plots of the data were computer-analyzed assuming
      binding to the classes of binding sites. According to this analysis, the binding
      to the class of primary binding sites was considerably decreased in the uremic
      plasma. In addition to the effect of the uremic state, the binding was
      considerably decreased at high therapeutic plasma levels and at low albumin
      levels. The combined effect of two or three of these factors may lead to
      unexpectedly high unbound fractions of salicylate, which should be considered in
      the monitoring of plasma salicylate levels in patients.

PMID- 975719
TI  - Antipyrin clearance in homozygous beta-thalassemia.
AB  - Serum half-lives for antipyrine were normal or shorter than normal in 19 subjects
      between 7 and 23 yr of age with beta-thalassemia major. The mean antipyrine serum
      half life (+/-SE) for the group as a whole was 8.5 +/- 0.6 hr. The mean
      antipyrine half-lives (t1/2) for the younger subjects were within the range
      reported for normal children, while the mean t1/2 for the older males approached
      the values reported for normal adult males. The mean t1/2 for the older females
      was shorter than has been reported for normal adult females. The mean apparent
      volume of distribution for antipyrine (+/-SE) in the subjects with thalassemia
      was 0.69 +/- 0.01 L/kg. Thus, total body water appears to be increased in
      thalassemia. The mean metabolic clearance rate for antipyrine (+/-SE) in the
      group as a whole (1.07 +/- 0.08 ml/min/kg) is substantially higher than the
      metabolic clearance rates for antipyrine reported in normal adults. Thus, the
      relatively short t1/2s of antipyrine in subjects with thalassemia are
      attributable to rapid rates of clearance of the drug. The data indicate that
      antipyrine clearance is unimpaired in patients with thalassemia despite evidence
      of liver damage and iron overload. Our study supports the proposition that
      hepatic microsomal hemoprotein synthesis is not adversely affected in homozygous
      beta-thalassemia.

PMID- 975720
TI  - Aminopyrine demethylation measured by breath analysis in cirrhosis.
AB  - The method of measuring the rate of aminopyrine demethylation by breath analysis
      was assessed in 23 normal subjects and 20 patients with cirrhosis. Carbon 14
      aminopyrine specifically labeled at the two N-methyl groups was administered by
      mouth in a dose of 9 mg/kg, including a total radioactivity of 2 muCi. The decay
      of the specific activity of 14CO2 in breath (kb) was found to correlate (r =
      0.91) with the disappearance of aminopyrine from plasma (KP). In normal
      volunteers, kb was 22.4%/hr; in patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic
      cirrhosis it was depressed to 8.4%/hr (p less than 0.001). The degree of
      functional impairment found with the breath test was similar to the
      sulfobromophthalein (BSP) disappearance curve and the galactose elimination
      capacity. Although many questions relating to the aminopyrine breath test remain
      open, our data confirm and extend previous studies of 14CO2 breath analysis after
      14C-aminopyrine administration. It is concluded that it represents a simple and
      noninvasive procedure which quantitatively reflects the microsomal function of
      the cirrhotic liver.

PMID- 975721
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of succinylcholine in infants, children, and adults.
AB  - The elimination of succinylcholine appears to follow first-order kinetics with a
      linear relationship between intensity of effect and logarithm of the dose.
      Determination of the time-course of neuromuscular blockade following
      succinylcholine in infants and children allowed us to compare the rate of
      recovery and elimination rate constant with those determined by others in adults.
      The rate of recovery was independent of dose for each age group. The rate of
      recovery was faster in children than in infants; the rate of recovery of infants
      was faster than that of adults. The elimination rate constant for infants was
      similar to that of children; for both the infants and children the rate constants
      appeared dissimilar from those of adults.

PMID- 975722
TI  - Drug discovery and introduction: regulation and overregulation.

PMID- 975723
TI  - Intravenous propranolol administration: a method for rapidly achieving and
      sustaining desired plasma levels.
AB  - A model for the intravenous administration of propranolol by a bolus-infusion
      technique designed to rapidly produce, then maintain, predicted plasma drug
      concentrations was derived from elimination kinetics in single-dose studies.
      Prospective testing of this model in 6 adult male subjects revealed a close
      correlation between predicted and observed drug levels; desired plasma
      concentrations were achieved within 5 min and maintained over the 30-min study
      period. By subtracting previously given bolus doses from the dose calculated as
      needed to produce a desired plasma level, progressive increases in predicted
      propranolol levels could be effected, with apparent maintenance of equilibrium.
      Correlations between the bolus doses and infusion rates and the plasma drug
      levels were consistent and significant, and constitute nomograms from which the
      dose of drug required to produce a desired plasma level may be approximated. The
      clearance of propranolol declined slightly as the drug plasma level increased,
      but did not significantly affect the accuracy of the model.

PMID- 975724
TI  - Systemic availability of orally administered meperidine.
AB  - A comparison of the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves after
      intravenous and oral administration of meperidine in 4 normal subjects indicated
      that 48% to 56% of the oral dose avoided "first-pass" metabolism and was
      systemically available. Similar estimates were obtained by applying the Loo
      Riegelman method for calculating drug absorption viz, 47% to 60%. Oral
      availability predicted from a knowledge of drug clearance (blood) after
      intravenouration-time curves after oral administration exhibited irregularities
      and double peaks possibly indicative of the action of meperidine on the gut or a
      recycling process.

PMID- 975725
TI  - Gastric and biliary excretion of meperidine in man.
AB  - The role and importance of enterogastric secretion in the disposition and
      elimination of the weak base, meperidine (pKa 8.63), was studied after
      intravenous administration (50 mg) of the drug to 6 normal volunteers. Continuous
      collection of the gastric fluid over a 4-hr period demonstrated the establishment
      of high gastric fluid/plasma concentration ratios for meperidine (mean about 50,
      range, 10 to 200). However, the total amount of drug recovered, even after
      correction for incomplete collection, was only a small percentage of the
      administered dose. Under basal conditions a mean +/- SE of 1.9 +/- 0.3 mg,
      equivalent to 3.7% of the administered dose, was found in the total gastric
      aspirate. Stimulation of gastric secretion by subcutaneous injection of betazole
      (1.5 mg/kg) increased this recovery to 3.6 +/- 0.3 mg (7.2%) primarily due to the
      increase in gastric volumen output. Aspiration of the gastric fluid in either the
      basal or stimulated situation had no observable effect upon the plasma
      concentration/time profile of meperidine whether assessed by the terminal half
      life, t 1/2 beta, or the plasma clearance; control values were 3.8 +/- hr and
      1,190 +/- 130 ml/min, respectively. In 2 subjects "bile fluid" was also collected
      for 2.5 hr and found to contain less than 0.2% of the administered dose.
      Enterosystemic recycling is therefore of minor importance in the disposition and
      elimination of meperidine in man.

PMID- 975726
TI  - Titration of nicotine intake with full-length and half-length cigarettes.
AB  - Titration, the self-regulation of nicotine intake, was studied in 12 smokers by
      gas chromatograph assays of urinary nicotine levels. Results demonstrated that
      excretion of urinary nicotine in the proximal condition (half cigarette close to
      the filter) did not differ significantly from the whole cigarette condition;
      however, less nicotine was excreted in the distal condition (half cigarette
      farther from the filter) because of a rod filtration effect. Subjects extracted
      proportionately more nicotine from the half than from the whole cigarettes;
      titration was approximately the same in both half-cigarette conditions. On scales
      of strength and satisfaction, full-length cigarettes were given the highest
      rating, followed by proximal and then distal cigarettes.

PMID- 975727
TI  - Comparison of the hydroxylation of zoxazolamine and benzo[a]pyrene in human
      placenta: effect of cigarette smoking.
AB  - The in vitro hydroxylation of zoxazolamine was compared with the hydroxylation of
      benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in full-term placentas from 11 nonsmokers and from 13 women
      who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy. Cigarette smoking increased the average
      zoxazolamine and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities 13- and 39-fold,
      respectively. A 59-fold range in benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity and a 28
      fold range in zoxazolamine hydroxylase activity were found in the placentas of
      cigarette smokers. A plot of these two enzyme activities showed that zoxazolamine
      hydroxylase activity was highly correlated, with benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase
      activity in the 24 placentas studied (r = 0.98; p less than 0.001). A strong
      correlation between the above enzymatic activities was also found in 8 placentas
      which had been stored for 2 yr at -20 degrees C (r = 0.95; p less than 0.001).
      The results suggest that benzo[a]pyrene and zoxazolamine are metabolized in the
      human placenta by the same enzyme or by different systems that are under the same
      regulatory control.

PMID- 975728
TI  - Fluoride kinetics after enflurane anesthesia in healthy and anephric patients and
      in patients with poor renal function.
AB  - Enflurane, a fluorinated methylethyl ether, is metabolized, in part, to inorganic
      fluoride. Methoxyflurane has similar metabolism, and cases of fluoride ion
      induced renal failure have been reported after its use. This prospective study
      was initiated to determine fluoride ion kinetics after enflurance anesthesia in
      16 healthy patients, 18 anephric patients, and 6 patients each having a
      creatinine clearance of less than 5 ml/min (on dialysis). Serum and urine
      inorganic fluoride levels were determined. There was no clinical or statistical
      significance difference among the 3 groups with respect to maximum inorganic
      fluoride ion concentration or the time to reach it. The fluoride ion values were
      never above the 50 muM level that has been reported to cause subclinical renal
      toxicity. The fluoride ion concentration in serum fell rapidly after termination
      of anesthesia even in the anephric patients. This is presumed to be due to uptake
      of the ion by bone. Patients with low creatinine clearance also have low fluoride
      ion clearance. Statistical but not clinical significance was found in the
      comparison between pre-enflurane and the 24-hr fluoride ion values in the
      anephric and low creatine clearance patients, but this did not persist after one
      dialysis.

PMID- 975729
TI  - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of chlordiazepoxide and its
      metabolites in surgical patients.
AB  - Thirty otherwise healthy patients received a 100-mg oral dose of chlordiazepoxide
      HCl just prior to surgical procedures using spinal anesthesia. Fourteen of these
      patients had also received 100 mg on the night before surgery. Simultaneous
      samples of venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were taken immediately
      prior to injection of spinal anesthesia and were assayed for concentrations of
      chlordiazepoxide (CDX) and its major metabolite, desmethylchlordiazepoxide.
      Plasma concentrations of CDX ranged from 2.32 to 13.34 mug/ml. Simultaneous CSF
      concentrations were considerably lower, ranging from 0.04 to 0.34 mug/ml.
      Equilibration of CDX between plasma and the lumbar sampling site appeared to be
      complete within 2 hr of the most recent dose. After attainment of distribution
      equilibrium, simultaneous plasma and CSF concentrations of CDX were hightly
      correlated (r = 0.76), with a mean CSF-plasma concentrations ratio of only 0.043
      (range; 0.02 to 0.06). The limited passage of CDX into human CSF is probably due
      to extensive binding to plasma protein. Assuming that transfer of CDX from plasma
      to CSF is governed by passive diffusion, the extent of plasma protein binding of
      CDX in healthy individuals averages about 96%.

PMID- 975730
TI  - Observations in man on some pharmacologic features of cefamandole.
AB  - Comparative studies of cefamandole and cephalothin were carried out in 32 cancer
      patients. After rapid intravenous injection of 1 gm cefamandole or cephalothin,
      the peak mean serum concentrations in 11 patients achieved at 0.25 hr were 103.4
      mcg/ml and 56.7 mcg/ml, respectively. Except at 6 hr, the serum concentration of
      cefamandole was higher (p less than 0.05) at all times. The terminal half-lives
      (t 1/2) were similar, being 1.2 hr for cefamandole and 1.0 hr for cephalothin.
      Cefamandole, 1 gm intramuscularly, induced a peak mean serum concentration of
      26.6 mcg/ml at 1 hr, with a slow decay. Intermittent cefamandole (2 gm
      intravenously every 6 hr) induced very high mean serum concentrations (7
      patients), but at 4 hr the concentrations were similar to those after 1 gm
      intravenously. Per cent of urinary excretion was similar for both drugs
      regardless of dose and mode of administration. Continuous-infusion cefamandole or
      cephalothin (2 gm loading followed by 2 gm every 6 hr) in 14 patients showed
      consistently higher serum concentrations for cefamandole (p less than 0.05) over
      a 5-day period. There was no evidence of drug accumulation in the multiple-dose
      studies. Both the single- and multiple-dose schedules were well tolerated.

PMID- 975731
TI  - Hemodialysis for severe procainamide toxicity: clinical and pharmacokinetic
      observations.
AB  - A 67-yr-old woman who ingested approximately 7 gm procainamide developed severe
      hypotension, renal insufficiency, and life-threatening cardiac toxicity.
      Hemodialysis doubled the rate of procainamide elimination and increased fourfold
      the clearance of NAPA, the N-acetylated metabolite of procainamide. Observations
      of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) plasma levels during the
      patient's recovery suggest that lethargy and profound hypotension can be expected
      when these levels total 60 mug/ml and that severe cardiac toxicity should be
      anticipated with levels totaling 42 mug/ml or more. Hemodialysis also permitted
      investigation of the effects of hypotension on the pharmacokinetics of these
      compounds. The apparent volume of procainamide distribution was reduced from a
      normal value of 2 L/kg to 0.76 L/kg, and that of NAPA from 1.4 L/kg to 0.63 L/kg.
      The elimination + 1/2 of procainamide was prolonged from the normal of 3 hr to
      10.5 hr, and that of NAPA from 6 to 35.9 hr. Procainamide absorption was also
      slowed in this clinical setting, causing procainamide plasma levels to continue
      rising for some time after toxicity was first recognized.

PMID- 975732
TI  - The concept of a craniofacial anomalies center.

PMID- 975733
TI  - Transcranial decompression of the optic nerve in the osseous canal in Crouzon's
      disease.

PMID- 975734
TI  - The Moebius syndrome: bilateral facial diplegia. A discourse on the symptoms,
      pathology, and a surgical dynamic animation of the paralyzed face.

PMID- 975735
TI  - The future of radiology: new imaging technology.

PMID- 975736
TI  - The radiology of thoracic disc protrusion.
AB  - The radiological features of 20 surgically proven thoracic disc protrusions are
      reviewed. In 15 (75%), characteristic plain film changes were found to be very
      helpful in making the correct diagnosis. Calcified disc material in the spinal
      canal was clearly demonstrated in 11 (55%) cases, and this, in association with
      linear calcification in the adjacent disc space, has been shown to be diagnostic
      of the condition. At myelography, central protrusions (55%) were found to be
      predominant, while lateral protrusions were uncommon. The differential diagnosis
      of a calcified lesion in the spinal canal includes thoracic disc protrusion,
      osteochondroma and meningioma.

PMID- 975737
TI  - The pathological basilar artery.

PMID- 975738
TI  - Complications of percutaneous transfemoral coronary arteriography.
AB  - Complications statistics in 1625 patients undergoing selective coronary
      angiography by Judkin's technique have been analysed for four major areas-death,
      myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular accidents, and femoral thrombosis. Over
      a six-year period, considerable decrease in the number of complications has
      occurred. Myocardial infarctions have decreased from 2.4% (1967-71) to 0.44%
      (1973), an improvement related to careful catheter flushing, guidewire insertion
      technique and careful pressure monitoring within the coronary arteries. Cerebral
      accidents have decreased from a maximum of 1.3% (1972) to none (1973). This is
      also related to catheter guidewire techniques, and to avoidance of entering the
      cerebral vessels inadvertently when crossing the aortic arch with the coronary
      catheter. Femoral artery thromboses have decreased from 2.7% (1967-71) to none
      (1973). This is due to monitoring the dorsalis pedis pulse when compressing the
      femoral artery and avoiding complete femoral arterial obstruction with the
      associated lack of flow ultimately leading to thrombosis. Death rate has remained
      essentially unchanged (0.3-0.6%).

PMID- 975739
TI  - Oliguria in the incubating neonate. Emergency aortography and urography in
      neonates using mobile X-ray equipment.
AB  - Neonates in incubators underwent umbilical aortography, excretory urography and
      suprapubic cysto-urethrography using a mobile X-ray machine in the Premature Baby
      Unit to define the cause of their oliguria. The techniques were easy to perform
      without endangering the infants by moving them. The radiological findings in the
      four neonates investigated contributed significantly to the management of their
      illnesses.

PMID- 975740
TI  - Progeria in siblings.
AB  - Progeria or 'prematurely old' is an autosomal recessive trait that appears
      insidiously at or after the age of 6 months. Two affected siblings are reported
      showing radiologically progressive attenuation of the clavicles and terminal
      phalanges, widening of cranial sutures and mandibular hypoplasia. Scleroderma was
      also present. Out of 59 previously published cases five had scleroderma before
      the age of 2 years. Only three families with affected siblings have been
      previously recorded.

PMID- 975741
TI  - Articular mass fracture: a neglected cause of post-traumatic neck pain?
AB  - Fifty-one compressed distorted cervical articular masses were found in 29
      patients seen at this institution over a nine-month period. The significance of
      these findings is discussed and it is concluded that in most instances these
      represented compression fractures with deformity of the articular process.
      Selected signs suggestive of a compressed articular mass are identified on
      various views. These include (1) neuroforaminal encroachment or narrowing, (2)
      triangular appearance of the lateral mass in the oblique view, (3) unilateral
      anterior displacement of the superior facet with respect to the inferior facet,
      (4) minor anterior subluxation of one vertebral body over another, (5) double
      outline sign on the lateral view, (6) abnormally visible posterior articulations
      on the routine AP view. The articular processes are best shown on anteroposterior
      angled caudad views and lateral tomography. Articular mass deformity frequently
      appears to be associated with persistent post-traumatic neck pain and a
      relationship between this deformity and primary or secondary degenerative
      cervical disc and joint disease is suggested.

PMID- 975742
TI  - The 'tilt deformity' of the femoral head in osteoarthritis of the hip: a poor
      indicator of previous epiphysiolysis.
AB  - Apparent superomedial migration of the femoral head producing the 'tilt
      deformity' is the most frequent pattern of femoral head deformity in
      osteoarthritis of the hip. Previous reports have suggested a relationship to
      minor degrees of epiphysiolysis in the adolescent. Radiological and pathological
      examination of femoral heads obtained at the time of total hip replacement for
      osteoarthritis demonstrate characteristic abnormalities accompanying the 'tilt
      deformity'. It would appear that, in most patients, this pattern of femoral head
      migration results not from epiphysiolysis but from a remodelling process in the
      osteoarthritic joint.

PMID- 975743
TI  - Peripheral arteriographic studies in leprosy.
AB  - There is a considerable controversy regarding the frequency and significance of
      vascular lesions in leprosy. Twenty-six cases of leprosy below the age of 40
      years, without any local or systemic arterial disease and normal looking hands
      were subjected to brachial arteriography. One patient had posterior tibial
      arteriography also. The diagnosis of leprosy was confirmed by histology or
      bacteriological staining techniques. Biopsy material was studied from the
      involved areas and similar material was obtained from nine matched control
      subjects at autopsy. Skin thermometry and reflex vasodilatation was studied in
      eight cases. Arteriographic abnormalities such as occlusion, narrowing,
      tortuosity, dilatation, irregularity and incomplete filling were seen in more
      than two vessels in the hand in 50%, and in the digits in 75% of the cases. The
      ulnar artery was more frequently involved than the radial. Superficial and deep
      palmar arches were equally affected. Marked increase in arcuate vessels was
      noticed in nearly three-quarters of the patients, and in some, arcuate vessles
      were serving as collaterals. Histologically all sizes of vessles, including the
      capillaries, showed changes in nearly half the cases. Reflex vasodilation was
      lost in three cases of dimorphous leprosy and impaired or absent in three out of
      five cases of lepromatous leprosy. There was no predilection for any form of
      leprosy to show arterial changes more than the other. This study clearly
      demonstrates that the arterial involvement in leprosy is very frequent and must
      be playing an important role in causing mutilation and deformities of hands and
      feet.

PMID- 975744
TI  - Mammograms on medichrome film.
AB  - When medichrome film is vacuum packed and used in combination with a single high
      definition intensifying screen exposure times of 0.06-0.1 s and a skin radiation
      dosage 0.5 rad per exposure can be achieved. The diagnostic accuracy of the
      system is similar to that obtained on conventional black and white film currently
      used for mammography.

PMID- 975745
TI  - The role of the physicist in a diagnostic radiology department.
AB  - A physicist working full-time within a department of diagnostic radiology has
      found himself concerned with the development of investigative techniques using
      non-X-ray apparatus, such as thermography, as well as with testing and assessing
      new X-ray techniques, such as xerography. The scientific training of the
      physicist enables him to advise and instruct on other research projects. His
      links with physicists elsewhere are advantageous because of the larger range of
      specific expertise and available technology. It is thought that the arrangement
      is successful, should continue, and be tried elsewhere.

PMID- 975746
TI  - A system of organisation of an X-ray film library.
AB  - The physical arrangement of radiographs and a method for their retrieval is
      discussed. The aim is to facilitate access to examples of various conditions from
      several possible approaches by a method of specific classification of each item
      and a comprehensive card index. A system to maintain consistency and to achieve
      relevance for the potential user is described.

PMID- 975747
TI  - Thermography in lower limb arterial disease.
AB  - Skin temperature distributions are described which correspond to different levels
      of arterial obstruction in the lower limbs. These temperature distributions are
      conveniently observed using thermography. Thermography may be used to measure the
      change in skin temperature when the limb performs work. These skin temperature
      changes have been correlated with the impairment of blood flow to the lower limb.

PMID- 975748
TI  - Review of parameters characterising response of normal connective tissue to
      radiation.
AB  - A comparison is made of the formalisms which have been proposed to characterise
      the response of normal connective tissue to levels of radiation which may lead to
      end points other than tissue tolerance; namely, Partial Tolerance, Time-Dose
      Fractionation factor, and the Cumulative Radiation Effect. It is shown that, in
      most situations, conclusions which may be drawn using any one formalism are
      essentially the same as those which follow from the use of any other.

PMID- 975749
TI  - Clinical management of the phencyclidine psychosis.

PMID- 975750
TI  - Clinical and forensic experiences with phencyclidine.

PMID- 975751
TI  - Illicit synthesis of phencyclidine (PCP) and several of its analogs.

PMID- 975752
TI  - Automated analysis of phencyclidine in urine by probability based matching GC/MS.
AB  - A novel form of selected ion recording mass spectrometry using a microcomputer
      managed mass spectrometer was employed to automatically identify and quantitate
      phencyclidine (PCP) in cyclohexane extracts of urine by Probability Based
      Matching. Seventy urine samples from known abusers were assayed for PCP content.
      The positively identified PCP concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 10.5 mug/ml for
      65 samples, 26% of which fell in the 0.35-1.0 mug/ml range and 30% in the 1.0-3.4
      mug/ml range. Five specimens had no detectable PCP (less than 10 mug/ml).
      Cyclohexane extraction efficiency for PCP in urine exceeded 95%. Selected ion
      monitoring was found to be necessary in order to avoid gas chromatographic
      interferences produced by co-elution of contaminants at the same retention time
      as PCP.

PMID- 975753
TI  - Phencyclidine: tissue distribution in the rat.
AB  - This study was performed to provide knowledge of the tissue distribution of
      phencyclidine and has demonstrated the lipophilic nature of the drug. The
      distribution of phencyclidine in blood, brain, and adipose tissue of rats has
      been determined at various time intervals during a 48-hr period. The affinity of
      phencyclidine for adipose tissue and the demonstration of the presence of this
      drug in brain tissue long after it is no longer detectable in blood provides some
      correlation between the tissue distribution of phencyclidine and its clinical
      manifestations occuring 24-48 hr after administration.

PMID- 975754
TI  - Metabolites of phencyclidine.
AB  - The results of the animal experiment demonstrate that oxidative hydroxylation is
      the major mode of metabolism of phencyclidine. It is evident that this process
      takes place in all three rings of the molecule. Hydroxylation of the piperidyl
      moiety probably also accounts for the formation of the N-dealkylated metabolites.
      Metabolism of phencyclidine in humans appears, at least in part, to be similar to
      that in the rat. Hydroxylation is still the principal mode in the case of humans
      though of a lesser extent. Metabolites hydroxylated in the phenyl moiety as well
      as dihydroxy derivatives of phencyclidine have so far not been observed in
      humans. Furthermore, most of the monohydroxy metabolites exist as conjugates in
      the human urine. It should also be pointed out that no metabolites have yet been
      detected in human blood samples.

PMID- 975755
TI  - Out-patient clinical experience in a community drug abuse program with
      phencyclidine abuse.

PMID- 975756
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis: genetics versus environment.

PMID- 975757
TI  - Proteolytic enzymes in human cartilage: the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
AB  - It is evident that human articular cartilage possesses, in addition to multiple
      forms of cathepsin D, multiple forms of other acid cathepsins, and, most
      important, a family of at least four closely related neutral protease enzyme
      forms, all of which degrade proteoglycan. In addition, caseinase and histonase
      activities are present. The search for these enzymes in human cartilage ahs been
      presented in some detail in order to give an idea of some of the problems faced
      in such research, as well as the hypotheses and hopes that flow from it and
      prepare the ground for further research. The actual role of proteolytic enzymes
      in the physiologic and pathologic condition of cartilage remains to be
      determined. It is hoped that these enzymes, especially the neutral protease
      forms, will be sufficiently purified to enable preparation of antibodies to them.
      This will help to clarify what controls their release from the chondrocytes and
      where they function in the cartilage. Meanwhile, it seems appropriate to study
      the neutral protease forms and their role in initiating the degradation of
      proteoglycan in the early stages of osteoarthritis. The chief role of cathepsin D
      and the new acid cathepsins is most likely in intracellular digestion. One may
      hypothesize a three-step sequence of the degradation of the matrix proteoglycan:
      (1) initial extracellular attack by the neutral matrix, (2) endocytosis of the
      fragments by the cells, and (3) completion of their degradation within the
      lysosomal digestive system of the cell. The initial degradation of the matrix
      proteoglycan would facilitate the entrance of other degrading enzymes from the
      synovium to aid in total destruction of the cartilage. While awaiting knowledge
      of the primary events that trigger the development of osteoarthritis, enzymatic
      research offers the real hope of finding a way to control the enzymatic
      degradation of proteoglycan occurring in the early stages of the disease.
      Research into the nature of these degrading enzymes will lead to the development
      of therapeutically suitable inhibitors.

PMID- 975758
TI  - The single hot joint.
AB  - Several points may be stressed.  (1)When in doubt, perform joint aspiration and
      look for crystals of micro-organisms. A joint tap is nearly always indicated. 
      (2)Do not rely on a coincidental elevated serum uric acid level.  Question the
      patient regarding drug therapy and other causes of secondary hyperuricemia. 
      (3)Examine all of the patient, looking for tophi (gout), skin lesions (gonococcal
      infection, psoriasis), erythema nodosum (allergic reactions, fungal infections),
      and other clues.  (4)Monoarticular rheumatoid arthritis is a rare cause of a
      single hot joint, but it is much more common that the real rarities (e.g.,
      pigmented willondular synovitis).  (5)Anky-losing spondylitis and Reiter's
      syndrome are common, yet frequently overlooked.  (6)Radiologic examination is
      usually not helpful.  (7)Having ruled out infection, crystal synovitis, and
      hemorrhage, it is sufficient to introduce symptomatic treatment and await the
      natural development of the joint disease.  Follow-up in four to six weeks and
      simple blood studies often reveal the definitive diagnosis.  Most of the time,
      natural healing processes are effective , and reward the patience of the
      conservative physician.  Blind management must always be avoided.

PMID- 975759
TI  - Medical management of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The overall management of RA is multifaceted. It includes rest, both systemic and
      articular; physical therapy; utilization of the techniques and appliances of
      occupational therapy; drugs, both those that suppress inflammation and those that
      are capable of altering the disease course itself; a knowledge of specific
      articular and nonarticular complications; and the ability to refer for
      appropriate surgical management. Judicious, energetic application of these
      principles can favorably affect the outcome of rheumatoid disease in most
      patients.

PMID- 975760
TI  - Infection in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Sepsis is an unusually common cause of illness and death in RA. All sorts of
      infections occur, but pyarthrosis produces exceptional problems. Clinically,
      pyarthrosis, empyema, and purulent pericarditis mimic bland rheumatoid effusions.
      Aspiration of the attendant effusions is the only reliable diagnostic procedure.
      Subcutaneous nodules on the sacrum and back are easily overlooked. Necrosis and
      ulceration of these nodules may provoke septicemia. Those with Felty's syndrome
      do not uniformly have problems with recurrent infection. Splenectomy may not
      benefit such patients. The belief that corticosteroids cause increased infections
      in rheumatoid patients is not totally justifiable at present. Steroids can,
      however, disguise underlying sepsis and hamper proper diagnosis.

PMID- 975761
TI  - Treatment of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus.
AB  - A large number of individuals currently diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus are
      asymptomatic. In order to provide rational therapy for this patient population,
      it is necessary to focus upon the differences between these patients and the
      classic prototypes with polyuria and weight loss, who require insulin for
      survival. Patients with asymptomatic diabetes do not need insulin for survival,
      and, by definition, they do not need it to alleviate symptoms. They tend to be
      middle-aged and overweight, but they can be young and thin. Their degree of
      hyperglycemia is moderate, often indistinguishable from that of normal
      individuals in their day-to-day existence. Indeed, they can often be
      differentiated from normal persons only on the basis of their blood glucose
      response to the stress of a large dextrose challenge; in this regard, the
      potential problem of over-diagnosing diabetes has been discussed. Since the major
      problem facing patients with asymptomatic diabetes is accelerated atherogenesis,
      the therapeutic approach must be based upon efforts to delay or prevent the onset
      of vascular disease. It has yet to be shown that any therapeutic intervention
      helps such patients, but an argument has been made in support of the following
      goals in subjects with asymptomatic diabetes whose fasting blood glucose level is
      less than 170 mg/100 ml: (1) stop smoking, (2) control hypertension, (3) attain
      ideal body weight, and (4) maintain blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels
      well within normal limits. Attempts to lower blood glucose with either insulin or
      oral agents do not seem indicated in the majority of patients within this defined
      diabetic population.

PMID- 975762
TI  - The management of diabetes in the elderly.
AB  - It appears inevitable that with increased longevity, the management of the
      elderly diabetic will place even greater demands on hospital services. It seems
      reasonable to adopt a more liberal attitude to the regulation of control of
      diabetes in the elderly than in younger patients. However, the view that diabetes
      in the elderly is always mild can be dangerously misleading. A significant number
      of elderly diabetics develop ketoacidosis or other serious forms of metabolic
      disturbance, and in these patients the mortality is high. Cardiovascular disease
      and peripheral vascular disease are major problems in the elderly, the former
      being the main cause of death. For best results, it is desirable that management
      of diabetes not be isolated from management of other, coexisting disorders, but
      rather that it be considered as part of the overall patient problem. As Malins
      pointed out, we should think in terms of diabetics rather than diabetes.

PMID- 975763
TI  - Impotence in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Long-standing psychogenic factors underlying impotence in diabetic males may, in
      many cases, play a more significant role than does prematurely presumed organic
      disease. With an explicit sexual history, a committed couple, an explanation of
      the sexual responses, and specific exchange at home, the physician may
      comfortably and competently intervene to provide enlightened sex therapy.

PMID- 975764
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and left ventricular function.
AB  - Chronic diabetes mellitus can alter left ventricular function independent of
      vascular effects. On the basis of available morphologic data in human and canine
      diabetics, alterations of myocardial interstitium may be the basis for this
      preclinical abnormality. The abnormal function is independent of apparent
      duration and treatment by diet, insulin, or hypoglycemic agents. It occurs in
      both sexes and is independent of age. Whether the observed functional abnormality
      progresses to clinical heart failure may depend on intensification of the
      underlying pathophysiology of the myocardium or superimposition of complications
      such as hypertension, obesity, and obstructive disease of the coronary vessels.

PMID- 975765
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy: pathogenesis and prevention.

PMID- 975766
TI  - Permanent pervenous atrial pacing.
AB  - A new J-lead has now been designed and manufactured for both animal and clinical
      studies. This lead has silastic tines proximal to the electrode, arranged so that
      they become entangled in the trabeculae of the appendage and hold the lead in
      place. Studies in ten dogs have shown excellent tissue fixation at the site of
      the tines, and only minimal scarring occurs at the site of the terminal
      electrode, with preservation of good P-wave amplitude and good stimulating
      thresholds for a period of four to five months (Figure 8, see next page). The
      lead designed for humans has been used successfully in 12 patients. Follow-up now
      extends to 19 months, with stable P-wave-triggered atrial pacing in eight
      patients, fixed rate atrial pacing in one, and A-V synchronized pacing in three.
      No lead dislodgement has occurred.

PMID- 975767
TI  - The young drug abuser.

PMID- 975768
TI  - Esterase heterogeneity in the oyster drill, Urosalpinx cinerea Say
      (Prosobranchia: Muricidae).

PMID- 975769
TI  - A circular dichroism study of some hemocyanins.

PMID- 975770
TI  - Comparison of techniques for stabilizing hemoglobins of rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri) during frozen storage.

PMID- 975771
TI  - In vitro oxidation of [3-14C]acetoacetate in brain cortex from hibernating
      hamsters and ground squirrels.

PMID- 975772
TI  - Serum amylase in the African elephant, (Loxodonta africana).

PMID- 975773
TI  - The cellular DNA content of sharks, rays and some other fishes.

PMID- 975774
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in different types of muscle fibres in the
      Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.).

PMID- 975775
TI  - A comparison of succinic dehydrogenase activity in brain homogenates of Bermuda
      shore fishes relative to body weight and activity.

PMID- 975776
TI  - Effect of low temperatures on high energy phosphate compounds in isolated hearts
      from a hibernator and a nonhibernator.

PMID- 975777
TI  - Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on flight and flight muscle substrate cycling by the
      bumble-bee.

PMID- 975778
TI  - The regulation of pyruvate kinase in the hepatopancreas of Carcinus maenas.

PMID- 975779
TI  - An examination of the distribution of hen- and goose-type lysozymes in
      Anseriformes.

PMID- 975780
TI  - Seasonal changes in the carotenoids of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus
      drobachiensis.

PMID- 975781
TI  - The effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate on pyruvate kinase from white muscle of
      three species of Mediterranean fish.

PMID- 975782
TI  - Comparative sequence analysis of the N-terminal region of rat, rabbit, and dog
      haptoglobin beta-chains.

PMID- 975783
TI  - [Voluntary interruption of pregnancy. A medical act, an occasion for information
      on contraception].

PMID- 975784
TI  - [On possible dangers in sex education].

PMID- 975785
TI  - [Hepatic complications due to oral contraceptives].

PMID- 975786
TI  - [Choice of a contraceptive method].

PMID- 975787
TI  - [Popular and traditional contraceptive methods].

PMID- 975788
TI  - [Oral contraceptives].

PMID- 975790
TI  - Surgery of the rheumatiod hand.

PMID- 975789
TI  - The prostaglandins.

PMID- 975791
TI  - Halothane hepatitis revisited.

PMID- 975792
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse and bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 975793
TI  - Cervical spine injuries in football.

PMID- 975794
TI  - Modern concepts of calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 975795
TI  - Genetics: the state of the art in Connecticut.

PMID- 975796
TI  - Biofeedback: a contemporary overview.

PMID- 975797
TI  - Development of the Connecticut Tumor Registry.

PMID- 975798
TI  - Voluntary work in Nicaragua or The fine art of treating alligator bites.

PMID- 975799
TI  - Madness, committal and society: psychiatry in the service of the law?

PMID- 975800
TI  - Educating for change: the next 25 years.

PMID- 975802
TI  - Complications of tracheostomy and their prevention.

PMID- 975801
TI  - The office management of family crises.

PMID- 975803
TI  - Hemorrhoidectomy without urinary retention and catheterization.

PMID- 975804
TI  - Osteopenia: osteoporosis, osteomalacia and other forms of decreased mineralized
      bone mass.

PMID- 975805
TI  - New techniques for prenatal diagnosis: their safety, accuracy, and use.

PMID- 975806
TI  - C.T. in CT. or CATS in Conn. or computerized axial tomography in Connecticut.

PMID- 975807
TI  - Perspectives on professional education.

PMID- 975808
TI  - Elevation of serum prolactin during application of oral contraceptives.

PMID- 975809
TI  - Copper release from Copper-T intrauterine devices.

PMID- 975810
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the male reproductive system.

PMID- 975811
TI  - Cinematographic study with extra-amniotic injection of 15-Me-PGF2alpha.

PMID- 975812
TI  - Loop vs. shield: a competing risks analysis of IUD termination.

PMID- 975813
TI  - Clinical evaluation of quinacrine hydrochloride for sterilization of the human
      female.

PMID- 975814
TI  - Plasma levels of d-norgestrel, estradiol and progesterone during treatment with
      silastic implants containing d-norgestrel.

PMID- 975815
TI  - Preoperative cervical dilatation by small doses of prostaglandin F 2 alpha.

PMID- 975816
TI  - Endometrial morphology with copper-bearing intrauterine devices.

PMID- 975817
TI  - Bioavailability of contraceptive steroids from capsules.

PMID- 975818
TI  - Contraceptive efficacy of once-weekly oral administration of 2.5 mg R 2323.

PMID- 975819
TI  - Effect of a long-acting contraceptive drug, norethindrone enanthate, on serum
      zinc and copper in human volunteers.

PMID- 975820
TI  - Vitamin supplements to women using oral contraceptives (studies of vitamins B1,
      B2, B6 and A).

PMID- 975821
TI  - Pharmacokinetic observations on medroxyprogesterone acetate administered orally
      and intravaginally.

PMID- 975822
TI  - Menstrual regulation and early pregnancy termination performed by
      paraprofessionals under medical supervision.

PMID- 975823
TI  - Interception: post-coital estrogens in 3016 women.

PMID- 975824
TI  - Intravas device studies in rabbits: I. Effect of surgical procedures on
      adrenergic innervation of the vas deferens.

PMID- 975825
TI  - Diagnosis of early pregnancy in the baboon.

PMID- 975826
TI  - Effects of cyproterone acetate on reproductive functions in normal human males.

PMID- 975827
TI  - RNA metabolism of the normal and the copper treated human endometrium.

PMID- 975828
TI  - Use of the fluid-filled Tecna device in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia.

PMID- 975829
TI  - The possible mode of action of prostaglandins: XI. Clomiphene citrate and the
      reversal of luteolytic or abortifacient efficacy of prostaglandin F2a in rats.

PMID- 975830
TI  - Failure of indomethacin in limiting the fertilizing capacity of the epididymal
      spermatozoa in rats.

PMID- 975831
TI  - Medroxyprogesterone acetate, estradiol, FSH and LH in peripheral blood after
      intramuscular administration of Depo-ProveraR to women.

PMID- 975832
TI  - Post-implantation termination of pregnancy in rats.

PMID- 975833
TI  - Calcareous deposits formed on IUDs in human exposures.

PMID- 975834
TI  - Evaluation of 15 (S) 15 methyl-PGF 2 alpha methyl ester suppositories with a two
      dose schedule for termination of early pregnancy.

PMID- 975835
TI  - Second trimester abortion with intramuscular injections of 15-methyl
      prostaglandin F2a.

PMID- 975836
TI  - Spermicidal potential of saponins isolated from Indian medicinal plants.

PMID- 975837
TI  - Chromosome anomalies in Canadian Guernsey bulls.
AB  - The performance records of a group of Guernsey bulls used for artificial
      insemination revealed lower 60 to 90 day non-return rates as compared to that for
      bulls of the Holstein breed, and nine out of the 19 Guernsey bulls in this group
      exhibited fertility level below the average for this group. A cytogenetic survey
      to test whether or not the reduced fertility of these bulls was due to chromosome
      anomalies revealed a relatively high frequency of chromatid breaks and achromatic
      gaps in three out of 19 bulls while two carried 59 chromosomes each including a
      translocation chromosome. The 1/29 translocation heterozygote and the bulls
      showing achromatic gaps and chromatid breaks were among the five bulls which were
      consistently below the breed average in fertility as evidenced by the t test (P
      less than 0.01), whereas the bull with translocation 27/29 (G3) exhibited a non
      return rate slightly higher than the breed average (P less than 0.01). It is
      possible that the chromosomally abnormal bulls contribute to increased returns to
      service not only because of the defective gametes they themselves might produce
      but also through their influence on the performance of their daughters.

PMID- 975838
TI  - Experimentally induced lead poisoning in goats: clinical observations and
      pathologic changes.
AB  - The effects of orally administered lead acetate were investigated in 9 adult and
      3 kid goats by clinical and necropsy studies. One kid and 6 adults died after
      having received from 100 to 1392.5 Gm each, given over periods of from 10 to 52
      days. Anorexia, diarrhea and body weight loss occurred in all lead treated goats
      in the study. Basophilic strippling of red blood cells was found in 6 of 8
      animals on which weekly hemograms were performed. The pathologic changes were
      essentially the same as those that have been recorded for other ruminant species
      with lead poisoning. Intranuclar acid-fast inclusions in the cells of the
      proximal convulted tubules of the kidney were demonstrated in 9 of 12 lead
      treated goats and in the liver parenchymal cells of 2 of these animals.

PMID- 975839
TI  - Feline calicivirus: purification of virus and extraction and characterisation of
      its ribonucleic acid.
AB  - Purification of feline calicivirus was achieved by cycles of differential
      centrifugation and two cycles of sucrose gradient centrifugation. Feline
      calicivirus grown in the presence of Actinomycin D and 3H-uridine-5, sediments in
      15% to 45% sucrose gradients and forms a peak of radioactivity which corresponds
      with the peak of infectivity. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extracted from the peak
      radioactive fractions taken from the sucrose gradient sedimented as a single peak
      ahead of the 28S peak of cellular RNA. It was sensitive to ribonuclease and was
      presumed to be single stranded feline calicivirus RNA with sedimentation of 32S
      35S. A single peak of radioactivity at 35S was extracted from purified virus by
      heating at 60 degrees for two minutes in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), or by
      heating at 37 degrees for 5 minutes at 1% SDS. Virus extracted at 37 degrees for
      10 minutes in 1% SDS showed also a small peak at 16S and by 15 minutes at 37
      degrees only a broad peak at 16S occurred. All peaks were susceptible to
      ribonuclease. A component sedimenting at 18S which was resistent to degradation
      by ribonuclease under the conditions outlined by Baltimore (4) and presumed to be
      double-stranded RNA was present in kitten kidney cells infected with feline
      calicivirus.

PMID- 975840
TI  - Element and chlorinated hydrocarbon content of commercial pet foods.
AB  - An analytical survey has been conducted of 42 elements, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin
      andpolychlorinated biphenyls in 31 commercial canned pet foods. Neutron
      activation analysis, graphite furnace atomic absorption, anodic stripping
      voltammetry, electron affinity gas chromatography and other methods were used.
      Arsenic, bromine, cadmium, chromium, mercury, selenium and DDE were highest in
      fish-containing cat foods. Lead was most consistently high in those products
      containing chicken. Barium, nickel and tin also appeared high in certain of the
      samples.

PMID- 975841
TI  - Hypercholeresis in turkeys following the ingestion of Crotalaria spectabilis
      seeds.
AB  - Young female turkeys received diets containing Crotalaria spectabilis seeds for
      18 weeks. Mean values for total bile flow, biliary bile acid excretion, bile acid
      dependent flow and bile acid-independent flow were significantly higher in
      crotalaria-fed turkeys than in controls. The hypercholeresis observed in
      crotalaria-fed birds involved both bile acid-dependent and bile acid-independent
      components of bile. Crotalaria-fed turkeys developed biliary hyperplasia. Liver
      weights were similar in the two groups. Since increases in 14C-erythritol
      clearances paralleled increases in total bile flow in crotalaria-fed turkeys (14C
      erythritol bile to plasma ratios were similar in both groups), it was evident
      that the hypercholeresis in crotalaria-fed turkeys did not involve the
      ductal/ductular component of bile. Little or no ductal/ductular bile flow
      occurred in either group since total bile flow was equal to erythritol clearance
      and extrapolation to zero erythritol clearance yielded zero bile flow rates in
      both groups. Crotalaria-fed turkeys exhibited significantly higher biliary
      concentrations of chlorides (associated with lower sodium , potassium and
      bicarbonate concentrations) than did control birds. Validation of the use of 14C
      erythritol clearance for the estimation of canalicular bile flow in turkeys was
      provided both by substantial decreases in bile to plasma 14C-erythritol
      concentration ratios following the injection of avian vaso-active intestinal
      peptide and the failure to demonstrate chromatographically the presence of
      radioactive metabolites of 14C-erythritol in plasma.

PMID- 975842
TI  - Recurrent esophageal obstruction due to squamous cell carcinoma in a horse.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma involving the pars esophagea of the stomach caused
      recurrent esophageal obstruction in an 11 year old Pinto gelding. The tumor
      encircled the esophagus and was attached to the diaphragm, spleen, aorta, left
      adrenal gland and kidney. Definitive diagnosis was provided by biopsy of the mass
      via standing left flank laparotomy.

PMID- 975843
TI  - The effect of changes in blood glucose on the motility of the duodenum in sheep.
AB  - Experiments have been carried out on four adult ewes to determine the effects on
      duodenal motility of intravenous or intraduodenal infusion of glucose solution
      and intravenous injection of insulin. At blood glucose levels below 80 mg%, the
      mean frequency of duodenal contractions was 1.6/min, but following the
      establishment of hyperglycemia by either intraduodenal or intravenous glucose
      infusion, contraction frequency fell to 0.9/min. The strength of contraction was
      unaffected.

PMID- 975844
TI  - Accessions of the Laboratory of Parasitology for 1975.

PMID- 975845
TI  - Use of mass spectrometry for evaluation of respiratory function in the critically
      ill patient.

PMID- 975846
TI  - Expired gas monitoring by mass spectrometry in a respiratory intensive care unit.
AB  - The application of a medical mass spectrometer for the monitoring of respired
      gases in the respiratory intensive care unit of a community hospital is reviewed.
      This monitoring system is routinely used with intubated patients for periodic
      monitoring of end-tidal CO2 tensions (PETCO2), FIO2, and PETO2 dead space to
      tidal volume ratios, and the determination of AaDO2; the value of these
      measurements is discussed. It is especially useful for continuous monitoring at
      critical points in the patient's course such as weaning from the ventilator,
      determining optimal ventilator settings, monitoring, unstable nonintubated
      patients, and in better defining the pathophysiological disturbances impeding
      patient progress, examples of which are presented. Preliminary observations
      suggest it may also provide a simple technique for determining optimal expiratory
      retard settings. The initial cost of such a system is justified by the benefit to
      the patient, i.e., reduction in the frequency of nonessential arterial blood gas
      determinations, shortened weaning period, and early detection of potentially
      dangerous trends. Technical problems encountered with this system and potential
      future uses are also discussed.

PMID- 975847
TI  - Mass spectrometry: application in the exercise sciences.
AB  - This paper outlines a computerized system for monitoring physiological functions
      during exercise, using a mass spectrometer for analyzing the concentration of the
      mixed expired air. Examples are provided illustrating the operation of this
      system in both research and clinical situations. The most remarkable aspect of
      the system is its versatility, coupled with its accuracy. While the applications
      reviewed in this paper are rather narrow, work has been initiated using the mass
      spectrometer to measure residual lung volumes by the oxygen dilution technique,
      cardiac output by the CO2 rebreathing technique, and total body density by the
      helium dilution technique. The application of the mass spectrometer into other
      areas most certainty will occur in the near future.

PMID- 975848
TI  - Mass spectrometry for innovative techniques of respirator care, ventilator
      weaning and differential ventilation in an intensive care unit.
AB  - The medical mass spectrometry as a monitoring instrument in a respiratory
      intensive care unit (RICU) is described. Its uses, both routine and as a tool for
      innovative techniques in respiratory care, are many. As an adjunct to traditional
      and intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) weaning techniques, monitoring of
      expired respiratory gases can hasten the safe removal of patients from mechanical
      ventilators. A specialized technique of dealing with ventilating the lungs
      differentially when their mechanical properties differ is described to illustrate
      the versatility of the instrument. In critical care areas, monitoring of patients
      with respiratory problems should include continuous monitoring of end-tidal or
      expired CO2.

PMID- 975849
TI  - Catheters for continuous in vivo blood and tissue gas monitoring.

PMID- 975850
TI  - The measurement of effective pulmonary blood flow in the newborn infant using a
      mass spectrometer.

PMID- 975851
TI  - The measurement of myocardial tissue gas tensions by mass spectrometry.
AB  - The mass spectrometer is a well established tool for the measurement of the
      partial pressures of gases in respiratory gas mixtures and in flowing blood. Only
      recently has mass spectrometry been applied to the measurement of gas tensions in
      tissue. Both blood and tissue gas tension measurements by mass spectrometry were
      made possible by the development of a special sampling catheter surrounded at its
      tip by a gas--but not liquid--permeable membrane. The partial pressure of each
      gas at the external surface of the membrane determines the flow of that gas
      across the membrane which, in turn, is measured by the mass spectrometer. The use
      of a Teflon membrane permits tissue measurements because its low permeability to
      gases reduces the sampling rate of gas molecules with the result that the
      depletion of gas molecules in the tissue surrounding the membrane is minimal.
      Mass spectrometry is the only technique whereby it is possible to measure
      regional tissue pO2 and pCO2 and other gas tensions simultaneously and
      continuously. One application of mass spectrometric tissue gas tension
      measurements is the monitoring of myocardial ischemia through measurements of
      myocardial tissue pO2 and pCO2. We have reviewed the work of others and ourselves
      in this field.

PMID- 975852
TI  - Automated respiratory gas monitoring of critically injured patients.
AB  - Since 1971, we have used a mass spectrometer system for automatic hourly sampling
      of airway gases on a 24-hour basis in our 12 bed Critical Care Unit. Used in
      conjunction with arterial and mixed-venous blood samples, the availability of end
      tidal O2 and CO2 values allows early identification of increasing AaDO2 and
      aADCO2 gradients. The ability to monitor end-tidal CO2 allows the monitoring of
      the adequacy of alveolar ventilation both in patients on and following removal
      from mechanical ventilation. Continuous information of the end-tidal PCO2 is of
      particular value in the management of patients with severe head injury.

PMID- 975853
TI  - Factors influencing successful discontinuance of mechanical ventilation after
      open heart surgery: a clinical study of 41 patients.
AB  - Circulatory, respiratory, and metabolic variables were measured with a mobile
      clinical bedside unit in 41 patients during the first 48 hours after open heart
      surgery. Calculations were carried out off-line by a computer program. The
      variables were measured during controlled mechanical ventilation and compared
      with those obtained during spontaneous breathing and after resumption of
      mechanical ventilation; attempts at spontaneous breathing were categorized as
      successful or unsuccessful. The variables were compared before, during, and after
      the successful and the unsuccessful attempts at spontaneous breathing. In the
      series as a whole, the onset of spontaneous breathing was characterized by
      increases in cardiac output, radial arterial and pulmonary arterial pressures,
      and mixed venous oxygen tension (PVO2) and content (CVO2), as well as diminished
      arterial and mixed venous oxygen content differences (avDO2); no significant
      changes in oxygen consumption (VO2) were seen. Unsuccessful attempts disturbed
      the patient's physiological equilibrium by reducing oxygen delivery and not
      increasing VO2, while increasing ventilatory work. In general, resumption of
      controlled ventilation restored the physiological variables to their control
      conditions. Successful attempts at spontaneous breathing did not greatly affect
      the physiological variables. The indication for resumption of controlled
      ventilation after periods of spontaneous breathing is the combination of
      increased ventilatory work with diminished circulatory and respiratory functions.

PMID- 975854
TI  - Complications of long tracheostomy tubes.
AB  - Complications of long tracheostomy tubes are not generally appreciated. We report
      three cases which illustrate that long tracheostomy tubes may impinge on the
      carina or, less commonly, intubate the right main-stem bronchus, with resultant
      atelectasis of the left lung. Since larger diameter tracheostomy tubes are also
      longer, they are much more likely than narrow tracheostomy tubes to produce this
      complication. The tracheostomy tube position should be checked frequently,
      especially in patients who develop atelectasis and pneumonia of the left lung.

PMID- 975855
TI  - Imipramine (Tofranil) intoxication: a case report and review of management.
AB  - A fatal case of imipramine intoxication is reported. The patient presented with
      the typical findings of imipramine poisoning: coma, fixed dilated pupils, cardiac
      disturbances, and hyperpyrexia which, at first, were attributed to head trauma.
      The importance of prompt recognition of such poisoning is emphasized, and a
      general scheme of treatment is outlined.

PMID- 975856
TI  - A pediatric flexible fiberoptic endoscope.
AB  - Clinical experience with a flexible fiberoptic endoscope constructed for children
      is described. The endoscope fits through a 3.5 mm endotracheal tube without
      removing the tube adaptor. The endoscope was used on artificially ventilated
      newborns and infants for determining the position of the endotracheal tube, the
      integrity of the tracheal mucosal wall, and possible obstruction of the
      endotracheal tube. Visualization of the interior of the tube and the airways can
      be performed without moving the infant from the incubator. The instrument aids in
      the management of children requiring prolonged respiratory support. The most
      common lesion detected was trauma to the tracheal mucosal wall by the suction
      catheter.

PMID- 975857
TI  - Freezing of rat lymphocytes. 2. Distribution and circulation of frozen-thawed
      51Cr-labelled cells.

PMID- 975858
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of freezing damage to mouse liver. IV. Effects of
      ultrarapid freezing on structure and function of isolated mitochondria.

PMID- 975859
TI  - Effect of peritoneal rewarming on renal function in the hypothermic dog.

PMID- 975860
TI  - Reversible filamentous growth in the psychrophile Bacillus psychrophilus.

PMID- 975861
TI  - A new technique utilizing thermistor probes for the measurement of thermal
      properties of biomaterials.

PMID- 975862
TI  - Effect of DMSO on the dielectric properties of canine kidney tissue.

PMID- 975863
TI  - A method for neurologic evaluation within the first year of life.

PMID- 975865
TI  - The regional map of chromosome 1 of man.

PMID- 975864
TI  - Some iod scores concerning chromosome 1.

PMID- 975866
TI  - Localization of the structural locus for cytoplasmic glutamic-oxaloacetic
      transaminase to region q24 leads to qter of human chromosome 10.

PMID- 975867
TI  - A preliminary analysis of the segregation of human hydroxyacyl coenzyme A
      dehydrogenase in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 975868
TI  - Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of fumarate hydratase assigned to chromosome
      1.

PMID- 975869
TI  - Assignment of a gene for tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase to
      human chromosome 14.

PMID- 975870
TI  - Assignment of the locus determining inorganic pyrophosphatase to chromosome 10 in
      man.

PMID- 975871
TI  - Retinoblastoma and chromosome 13.

PMID- 975872
TI  - Radiation-induced segregation of syntenic loci: a new approach to human gene
      mapping.

PMID- 975873
TI  - Identification of a de novo chromosome rearrangement in a man-mouse hybrid clone
      and its bearing on the cytological map of the human X chromosome.

PMID- 975874
TI  - Localization of GOTs to the q24 leads to qter region of human chromosome 10.

PMID- 975875
TI  - Assignment of the human genes for mannose phosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase
      (M2), and hexosaminidase-A to chromosome 15.

PMID- 975876
TI  - Assignment of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (betaGUS) to chromosome 7 in man.

PMID- 975877
TI  - Expression of human hexosaminidase-A phenotype depends on genes assigned to
      chromosomes 5 and 15.

PMID- 975878
TI  - Regional localizations of four markers on chromosome 1 using a 1/4 translocation.

PMID- 975879
TI  - Assignment of the inorganic pyrophosphatase gene locus (PP) to chromosome 10 in
      man.

PMID- 975880
TI  - Assignment of the peptidase D gene locus (PEPD) to chromosome 19 in man.

PMID- 975881
TI  - Further data on the cytologic mapping of the human X chromosome with man-mouse
      cell hybrids.

PMID- 975882
TI  - Assignment and linear order of human acid phosphatase-2, esterase A4, and lactate
      dehydrogenase A genes on chromosome 11.

PMID- 975883
TI  - Assignment of the human alpha-L-fucosidase gene locus to chromosome 1 by use of a
      "clone panel".

PMID- 975884
TI  - Human gene mapping 3. Baltimore Conference (1975). Third International Workshop
      on Human Gene Mapping. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of
      chromosome 6.

PMID- 975885
TI  - Segregation of human mitochondrial thymidine kinase activity in human-mouse
      somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 975886
TI  - Gene mapping by exclusion: the current status.

PMID- 975887
TI  - Linkage studies on familial hyperlipoproteinemia with xanthomatosis: normal
      lipoprotein markers and the C3 polymorphism.

PMID- 975888
TI  - Possible linkage between the Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome and hypergonadotropic
      hypogonadism.

PMID- 975889
TI  - Linkage data on 3q11 and 15ps fluorescence markers.

PMID- 975890
TI  - Red cell glutathione reductase activity in patients with bone-marrow trisomy 8.

PMID- 975891
TI  - The Colton blood groups in monosomy 7 of the bone marrow.

PMID- 975892
TI  - The interpretation of lods in linkage analysis.

PMID- 975893
TI  - Probable linkage between essential familial hypercholesterolemia and third
      complement component (C3).

PMID- 975894
TI  - Chido blood group and the HLA region.

PMID- 975895
TI  - Human gene mapping 3. Baltimore Conference (1975). Third International Workshop
      on Human Gene Mapping. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of
      autosomes other than chromosomes 1, 2, and 6.

PMID- 975896
TI  - Rodgers blood group and the HLA region.

PMID- 975897
TI  - Gene linkage studies on glyoxalase I.

PMID- 975898
TI  - Two informative translocations involving chromosome 2.

PMID- 975899
TI  - A genetic linkage analysis of chromosome 6 markers Chido, HLA, and glyoxalase.

PMID- 975900
TI  - Chromosome 1: lods on linkage among eight loci: Do, ENO1, Fy, PGM1, Rh, UMPK, Sc,
      and PGD.

PMID- 975901
TI  - Further evidence for the assignment of the red cell acid phosphatase gene (ACP1)
      to the short arm of chromosome 2 from gene dosage effect.

PMID- 975902
TI  - The locus for glyoxalase i (GLO) is between HLA-A and PGM3 on chromosome 6 of
      man.

PMID- 975903
TI  - Chromosome 6: linkage of the eighth component of complement (C8) to the
      histocompatibility region (HLA).

PMID- 975904
TI  - Linkage group I: the simultaneous estimation of recombination and interference.

PMID- 975905
TI  - Bf locus and the HLA region.

PMID- 975906
TI  - The linkage and mapping relationships of 1 qh.

PMID- 975907
TI  - Family studies on esterase D and chromosome 13 in man.

PMID- 975908
TI  - A report on a family with a (1;2) translocation: cytologic and linkage analysis.

PMID- 975909
TI  - Genetic linkage of a locus for erythrocyte glyoxalase (GLO) with HLA and Bf.

PMID- 975910
TI  - A new technique for mapping the human hemoglobin genes.

PMID- 975911
TI  - Feasibility tests for mapping low-multiplicity genes by hybridization in situ.

PMID- 975912
TI  - Serological identification of an X-linked human cell surface antigen, SA-X.

PMID- 975913
TI  - Unreliability of the microcomplement fixation method for Xga typing of cultured
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 975914
TI  - Human gene locations achieved by means of human-Chinese hamster (CHO-K1)
      auxotrophic cell hybridization.

PMID- 975915
TI  - Ovarian teratomas: cytologic data.

PMID- 975916
TI  - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the production of mammalian somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 975917
TI  - Isolation and uses of chromosome-specific reiterated DNA.

PMID- 975918
TI  - Chromosomal gene transfer: prospects of a new method for mapping closely linked
      human genes.

PMID- 975919
TI  - Expression of human X-chromosomal markers in man-Chinese hamster hybrids treated
      with isolated human chromosomes.

PMID- 975920
TI  - Mapping of genes and adenovirus-12-induced gaps using chimpanzee-mouse somatic
      cell hybrids.

PMID- 975921
TI  - Chimpanzee gene mapping.

PMID- 975922
TI  - Gene mapping by somatic cell hybridization in species other than man.

PMID- 975923
TI  - Clues to homologous regions in mammalian autosomes.

PMID- 975924
TI  - Comparative gene mapping of HPRT, G6PD, and PGK in man, mouse, and muntjac deer.

PMID- 975925
TI  - The location of RN5S genes on the chromosomes of primates.

PMID- 975926
TI  - Human gene mapping 3. Baltimore Conference (1975). Third International Workshop
      on Human Gene Mapping. Report of the committee on unassigned linkage groups.

PMID- 975928
TI  - Human gene mapping 3. Baltimore Conference (1975). Third International Workshop
      on Human Gene Mapping. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of
      chromosomes 1 and2.

PMID- 975927
TI  - Human gene mapping 3. Baltimore Conference (1975). Third International Workshop
      on Human Gene Mapping. Report of the committee on nomenclature.

PMID- 975929
TI  - Human gene mapping 3. Baltimore Conference (1975). Third International Workshop
      on Human Gene Mapping. Report of the committee on comparative mapping.

PMID- 975930
TI  - Proposed banding nomenclature for the Chinese hamster chromosomes (Cricetulus
      griseus).

PMID- 975931
TI  - Assignment of the genes for human glyoxalase I to chromosome 6 and for human
      esterase D to chromosome 13.

PMID- 975932
TI  - Human centromere mapping using teratoma data.

PMID- 975933
TI  - Comparison of G-, Q-, and R-banding in 28 cases of chromosomal abnormalities.
AB  - Twenty-eight cases of chromosomal abnormalities were ascertained using G-banding.
      Seventeen of these had structural abnormalities of a complex nature and are
      discussed in detail. An independent assessment of chromosome abnormalities was
      carried out using sequential Q- and R-banding. In no case was there a difference
      in the identification of the abnormal chromosome, but in two cases a more precise
      localization or definition of the abnormality was obtained from the R-banded
      cells. In one case the initial diagnosis of the terminal deletion was altered to
      interstitial deletion; in the second case a break point in one chromosome
      involved in a reciprocal translocation was found to be in a different band by R
      banding. In several others better delineation of break points or confirmation of
      complex abnormalities was obtained from the R-banded cells. R-banding was
      especially helpful in the localization of break points because of the color
      differentiation obtained with acridine orange. Q-banding was not found to have
      added any additional information. It was concluded from this study that the use
      of both G-banding and R-banding in complex abnormalities proved worthwhile.

PMID- 975934
TI  - Giemsa-banding and the identification of the Y/autosome translocation in the
      african marsh mongoose, Atilax paludinosus (Carnivora, Viverridae).
AB  - The diploid chromosome number of 35 in the male and 36 in the female African
      marsh mongoose, Atilax paludinosus, has been confirmed. C- and G-banding analyses
      have shown that the Y chromosome is probably translocated onto the proximal end
      of the acrocentric partner of a heteromorphic autosomal pair (C3). The other
      partner is a subtelocentric with a heterochromatic short arm. During the
      translocation process, this short arm was removed and presumably lost. The sex
      determining mechanism in Atilax could be written as XX in the female and XYA-A in
      the male.

PMID- 975935
TI  - Location of nucleolar organizing regions on the chromosomes of the Syrian hamster
      (Mesocricetus auratus) and the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus).
AB  - Terminal chromosome associations ("satellite associations") in ASG-banded
      preparations have been used to determine the number and location of staellites in
      the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus
      sungorus). Five pairs of satellites are found in the former and four in the
      latter. Nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) were visualized with the Ag-AS silver
      precipitation technique, and their number and position corresponded exactly with
      the number and position of satellites in Phodopus, where positive chromosome
      identification can be made in the absence of banding. Numerical agreement is
      exact in Mesocricetus as well, and the morphology of the silver-tagged NOR
      bearing chromosomes strongly suggests that corrrespondence also occurs in this
      species.

PMID- 975936
TI  - Chiasmata, meiotic univalents, and age in relation to aneuploid imbalance in
      mice.
AB  - Chiamata were counted and paired and unpaired configurations at first meiotic
      division and chromosome errors at second meiotic division were assessed at
      different ages in males and females of two strains of laboratory mice. In the
      females a decrease of chiasma frequency and an increase of univalents at first
      meiotic metaphase (MI) were confirmed. In the males, diakineses had higher
      chiasma frequencies (in the range of the female MIs) and fewer univalents than
      the MIs had. In these male cells there was no decrease of chiasmata or increase
      of autosomal univalents with age, and there were some interstrain differences. In
      the older females there was no parallelism between the frequencies of univalents
      at MI and the chromosome errors that could be identified at second meiotic
      division; these were fewer than might be expected on the assumption that all the
      univalents were true univalents. The relevance of this finding to the question of
      the nature of most of the univalents observed at first meiotic division in aged
      female mice is discussed.

PMID- 975937
TI  - A child with presumptive monosomy 21 (45,XY,-21) in a family in which some
      members are Gq-.
AB  - Presumptive monosomy for chromosome 21 was found in a male child with multiple
      malformations and severe psychomotor retardation. Chromosome analyses of cells
      from blood and skin samples were performed at intervals during the first few
      years of his life. In preparations stained with nonbanding was well as
      quinacrine, Giemsa, and reverse acridine orange banding techniques, only one No.
      21 chromosome could be detected with no apparent abnormalities of the other
      chromosomes. The proband's phenotypically normal father, paternal grandfather,
      brother, and paternal aunt have a deletion for a short segment of the long arm of
      a G-group chromosome. Genetic-marker studies allow the exclusion of a number of
      blood groups as being associated with No 21. There is inconclusive evidence
      suggesting that expression of the Duffy blood group, which has been mapped to
      chromosome 1, may be influenced by genetic information on chromosome 21. This
      family is of potential value for further gene-mapping studies.

PMID- 975938
TI  - Chromosome banding pattern relationships of hares, rabbits, and pikas (order
      Lagomorpha). A phyletic interpretation.
AB  - The chromosome banding patterns of the domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus,
      the brush rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani, and the snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus,
      are nearly identical except for minor differences in the amount of constitutive
      heterochromatin present. The major mechanisms of chromosome evolution in leporid
      lagomorphs are centric fusion and addition of heterochromatin. The G- and C
      banding patterns of the pika, Ochotona princeps, revealed little easily
      recognized structural homology with the leporid species. Several tentative
      banding pattern matches were found for segments of some chromosomes of Ochotona,
      indicating that tandem fusions may have been responsible for structural
      modification of the early lagomorph genome. Chromosome evolution in the
      lagomorphs and the use of chromosomal data in studies of mammalian systematics
      are discussed.

PMID- 975939
TI  - Meiotic behavior of five human reciprocal translocations.

PMID- 975940
TI  - Acrodermatitis enteropathica treated with oral zinc sulphate.

PMID- 975941
TI  - Treatment of cystinosis by a cystine- and methionine-poor diet plus anabolic
      steroid: treatment of two children and survey of previous treatment results.

PMID- 975942
TI  - Infantile nephropatic cystinosis in Denmark.

PMID- 975943
TI  - Testing of feces for occult blood: a review.

PMID- 975944
TI  - Long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction, with special reference to
      the long-term survival, the risks of re-infarction and cardiac arrest.

PMID- 975945
TI  - Diagnostic usefulness of a newly described method for the quantitative
      determination of platelet aggregates in cases of deep venous thrombosis.

PMID- 975946
TI  - Clinical value of aspiration biopsy. Fine-needle puncture in a consecutive
      material of 107 patients with neck tumours.

PMID- 975947
TI  - Test your lungs.

PMID- 975948
TI  - Limitations in the use of the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Cardiac
      tamponade.

PMID- 975949
TI  - Reduction of blood usage in open heart surgery.
AB  - A series of 142 adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery were studied. All
      known blood-conservativing methods were utilized in an attempt to use as little
      blood as possible. Hemodilution, autologous transfusion, prevention of wasting of
      blood, and management of postoperative anemia were the measures employed. An
      average of 2.66 units of blood were given per patient during the entire hospital
      stay. Twenty patients were not given any blood at all. The patients were removed
      from cardiopulmonary bypass without difficulty when the hematocrit reading was in
      the high teens or low twenties. Later in the postoperative period the patients
      seemed to progress without difficulty with hematocrit readings of 22 to 25
      percent.

PMID- 975950
TI  - Diagnosis of gastric aspiration by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - At the time of bronchoscopic observation, 28 of 31 patients proved to have
      aspirated gastric contents by the presence of gastric contents in the trachea or
      by direct observation of gastric aspiration followed by respiratory distress and
      erythema of subsegmental bronchi. Since gastric aspiration is a difficult
      diagnosis to make and few objective data are available to make the diagnosis, the
      present study would indicate that early fiberoptic bronchoscopic observation of
      the tracheobronchial tree is a useful procedure to establish a definitive
      diagnosis and to allow proper planning for clinical management.

PMID- 975951
TI  - 603 billion cigarettes.

PMID- 975952
TI  - Familial supravalvular aortic stenosis. Report of a large family and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Familial supravalvular aortic stenosis has been recognized as a distinct
      syndrome. A large family with five proven cases and a review of the literature on
      familial supravalvular aortic stenosis are presented. The diagnosis was
      substantiated in all 63 cases by cardiac catheterization, surgery, or postmortem
      examination.

PMID- 975953
TI  - Effect of emotional stress on platelet aggregation in humans.
AB  - In 16 young house physicians, each of whom presented a case at grand rounds, the
      effect on platelet function of the emotional stress involved in presenting the
      case was determined. Platelet-aggregation curves, using adenosine diphosphate and
      epinephrine, were determined immediately before, immediately after, and seven
      days after stress. Platelet aggregation was diminished during the stress period
      in 15 of the subjects. These findings may possibly be of importance in the
      relationship between stress and myocardial infarction; they also suggest that the
      emotional state of the patient must be considered when interpreting platelet
      aggregation curves.

PMID- 975954
TI  - Abnormal pulmonary vasculature in an asymptomatic man.

PMID- 975955
TI  - Stress electrocardiography in Uhl's anomaly with mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 975956
TI  - Unusual electrocardiographic changes in spontaneous pneumothorax.
AB  - A young woman with spontaneous left pneumothorax had a phasic voltage alternation
      of her electrocardiogram that resolved with expansion of the lung. Likely
      explanations for this phenomenon are a respiratory dependent change in cardiac
      anatomy and a change in the volume conductor with respiration.

PMID- 975957
TI  - Endobronchial tuberculosis progressing to bronchial stenosis. Fiberoptic
      bronchoscopic manifestations.
AB  - Severe stenosis of main-stem and segmental bronchi occurred in a 79-year-old
      woman with previously and adequately treated endobronchial tuberculosis. Symptoms
      and physiologic abnormalities did not occur until more than three years after
      diagnosis and initiation of therapy.

PMID- 975958
TI  - Congenital complete atrioventricular block and prolapsing mitral valve.
AB  - Congenital complete atrioventricular block and prolapsing mitral valve are
      described in a 41-year-old woman who exhibited ventricular arrhythmias and
      symptoms initially attributed to her atrioventricular block. The importance of
      physical examination to elicit clues in the diagnosis of prolapsing mitral valve
      is emphasized.

PMID- 975959
TI  - Surgical complications of cervical and mediastinal tuberculous adenitis in an
      infant.
AB  - An infant whose miliary tuberculosis was resolving after five months of
      chemotherapy developed a tuberculous cervical lymphatic abscess followed shortly
      thereafter by life-threatening tracheal compression from enlarged tuberculous
      mediastinal nodes. Both of these complications required surgical drainage.
      Chemotherapy alone may be ineffective in the management of lymphadenitis caused
      by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID- 975960
TI  - Tracheoesophageal and aortoesophageal fistulae complicating corrosive
      esophagitis.
AB  - A 51-year-old man suffered third-degree caustic burns of the esophagus and
      proximal two-thirds of the stomach. A tracheoesophageal fistula developed, and
      surgery was performed to exclude the esophagus from gastrointestinal reflux and
      to divert the oral secretions. An uneventful postoperative course was interrupted
      on the 27th day after the burn by massive hemoptysis and sudden death. Autopsy
      revealed an aortoesophageal fistula in addition to a tracheoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 975961
TI  - Posthyperventilation apnea associated with severe hypoxemia.
AB  - We studied a 14-year-old girl who suffered fractures of her mandible and tegmen
      following a fall from a balance beam. Thirteen days after hospitalization, she
      developed severe, protracted, recurrent episodes of hyperventilation;
      subsequently, she suffered posthyperventilation apnea, which at times was
      prolonged and association with severe hypoxemia with an arterial oxygen pressure
      as low as 25 mm Hg. The patient was treated with added dead space and
      chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine). Postulated mechanisms for her disorder
      are discussed. The importance of close clinical and laboratory observation in
      similar cases is stressed.

PMID- 975962
TI  - Acquired continuous murmur associated with acute pulmonary thromboembolism.
AB  - Two cases of a continuous murmur following an acute pulmonary embolic episode are
      presented, and eight previously reported cases with an acquired postembolic
      continuous murmur (found in a review of the literature) are discussed. This
      finding is present in both chronic and acute pulmonary embolism and is suggestive
      of significant embolic obstruction. Although the continuous murmur is an unusual
      sign in patients with pulmonary embolism, its auscultation is often quite
      distinctive, and its appearance may lead to more definitive diagnostic studies
      when the presentation or associated clinical findings are nonspecific.

PMID- 975963
TI  - Ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction.
      Echocardiographic demonstration confirmed by angiocardiograms and surgery.
AB  - The echocardiographic findings in one patient with a ventricular septal
      perforation as a result of an acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction are
      presented. Continuous echocardiographic scanning enabled us to demonstrate a
      septal discontinuity below the atrioventricular junction. The correct
      echocardiographic diagnosis was confirmed angiocardiographically. After surgical
      repair of the ventricular septal defect, the echocardiogram failed to reveal the
      septal discontinuity previously present. A search of the literature did not
      disclose any report of similar echocardiographic findings.

PMID- 975964
TI  - Bronchoscopically induced bronchospasm.

PMID- 975965
TI  - Iatrogenic superior vena cava syndrome. A complication of internal jugular venous
      catheters.

PMID- 975966
TI  - Acute respiratory distress associated with postpneumonectomy bronchopleural
      fistula.

PMID- 975967
TI  - Unilateral hyperlucent lung field in subcutaneous emphysema.

PMID- 975968
TI  - The click-murmur syndrome. A medical pendulum and a unifying concept.

PMID- 975969
TI  - No substitute for the clinician-teacher.

PMID- 975970
TI  - Surgery for bullous emphysema.

PMID- 975971
TI  - Myocardial infarction in younger women. Associated clinical features and
      relationship to use of oral contraceptive drugs.
AB  - In a study of thromboembolism and oral contraceptive drugs, 136 cases of
      myocardial infarction in women aged 30 to 44 years were identified, a rare
      disease in women of this age group. Data from their hospital medical records were
      compared with those of several other groups, including women without chronic
      disease admitted for various acute or elective conditions unrelated to
      thromboembolism, patients with thromboembolic disease other than myocardial
      infarction, and women queried or examined in the National Health Survey. The
      following attributes were found to be associated with myocardial infarction in
      younger women: presence of diabetes; hypertension; history of increased cigarette
      smoking; and hypercholesterolemia. A history of the use of oral contraceptive
      drugs was found with greater frequency in cases than in controls. The literature
      on the possible association of myocardial infarction and the use of oral
      contraceptives was reviewed.

PMID- 975972
TI  - Pulmonary hemorrhage in fiberoptic transbronchial biopsy.
AB  - Transbronchial forceps biopsy via the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is
      described as a "safe," high-yielding procedure, but the potential danger of
      serious hemorrhage is of concern to chest physicians. In a collected series of
      438 patients, the incidence of mild to "explosive" hemorrhage was 9 percent in
      "routine" cases, 29 percent (eight) in 31 immunosuppressed patients, and 45
      percent (five) in 11 uremic patients. One death resulted from massive hemorrhage.
      A new "wedge" method of transbronchial forceps biopsy is now being utilized in
      our bronchoscopic unit. The tip of the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is lodged
      into the appropriate segmental bronchus to tamponade any bleeding and, thus,
      prevent blood from flooding the airway. Careful screening of patients and
      competence in procedural techniques are necessary. Otherwise, transbronchial
      forceps biopsy should be performed through a rigid open-tube
      bronchoscopicronchoscope or performed through a rigid open-tube bronchoscope or
      lung tissue should be obtained via thoracotomy.

PMID- 975973
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and endobronchial tamponade in the management of
      massive hemoptysis.
AB  - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination with systematic bronchial lavage
      was performed in ten patients with massive hemoptysis. Localization of the
      bleeding to the distal segments of the bronchial tree and endobronchial balloon
      tamponade were achieved in all cases. The technique is rapid, simple, and
      effective in controlling life-threatening hemoptysis in patients who are
      unsuitable for resection due to inadequate pulmonary reserve or other causes.

PMID- 975974
TI  - Autologous blood transfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Immediately prior to cardiopulmonary bypass, two units of blood were removed from
      each of 25 patients undergoing open-heart surgery, and the autologous blood was
      reinfused after cessation of support with the pump oxygenator.  Pertinent data on
      blood balance and hematologic measurements were compared to a matched group of
      control subjects. There were no significant differences in the amount of
      operative or postoperative bleeding, the requirements for homologous blood and
      blood products, or the amount of protamine needed for neutralization of heparin.

PMID- 975975
TI  - Natural history of unstable angina with medical or surgical therapy.
AB  - In order to establish the natural evolution of unstable angina under medical
      treatment and to determine the possible benefits of revascularization surgery,
      113 patients were studied; 51 received medical treatment (24 with intermediate
      syndrome and 27 with progressive angina), and 62 others received surgical
      treatment (28 with intermediate syndrome and 34 with progressive angina). After a
      mean follow-up of 32 months, the mortality in the medically treated groups was 46
      percent (11/24) with intermediate syndrome and 7 percent (2/27) with progressive
      angina (P less than 0.005), and the incidence of myocardial infarction was 38
      percent (9/24) and 7 percent (2/27), respectively (P less than 0.01). Moreover,
      in comparing cases treated medically or surgically, the mortality was as follows:
      intermediate syndrome treated medically, 46 percent (11/24) vs 11 percent (3/28)
      in those treated surgically (P less than 0.005); and progressive angina treated
      medically, 7 percent (2/27) vs 9 percent (3/34) in those treated surgically (P =
      0.85). The incidence of myocardial infarction was as follows: intermediate
      syndrome treated medically, 38 percent (9/24) vs 14 percent (4/28) in those
      treated surgically (P less than or equal to 0.056); and progressive angina
      treated medically, 7 percent (2/27) vs 12 percent (4/34) in those treated
      surgically (P greater than 0.55).

PMID- 975976
TI  - Hospitalization needs during an outpatient rehabilitation program for severe
      chronic airway obstruction.
AB  - The number of days of hospitalization for respiratory disease following entry
      into an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program was reviewed for 44 patients
      with chronic airway obstruction whose hospitalization records were available for
      the year prior to entry into the program. A significant reduction in the number
      of days of hospitalization occurred in patients for each of the four years
      following entry into the program, compared to the year prior to therapy.

PMID- 975977
TI  - A comparison of two bipolar exercise electrocardiographic leads to lead V5.
AB  - ST-segment depression and slope were compared in three lead systems (V5, CC5, and
      CM5) and in two groups of patients using both visual analysis of
      electrocardiographic paper and computerized techniques. Bipolar lead CC5 was
      found to be comparable to lead V5 when visual analysis of electrocardiographic
      recordings was utilized. Bipolar lead CM5 was found not to be comparable to lead
      V5 and to be less sensitive if classic criteria for slope were used. The
      technique of computerized analysis mad measurements of slope and amplitude to a
      reproducible level not possible with the standard technique. Statistically
      significant differences were found between the exercise electrocardiographic
      leads utilizing computerized electrocardiographic analysis . We conclude that
      computerized techniques of electrocardiographic analysis require new criteria for
      defining an abnormal repolarization response. The criteria must be specific for
      different electrocardiographic leads if the repolarization changes in these leads
      are to have comparable diagnostic significance.

PMID- 975978
TI  - Long-term efficacy and safety of nebulized metaproterenol solution in bronchial
      asthma.
AB  - A 5-percent solution of the sympathomimetic bronchodilator, metaproterenol
      sulfate (Alupent) was evaluated by comparison with an 0.5-percent solution of
      isoproterenol in a double-blind crossover study before and after 60 days of
      inhalation of metaproterenol administered at least four times daily via a hand
      bulb nebulizer. Data from tests of pulmonary function obtained in 27 asthmatic
      patients indicated that metaproterenol sulfate in this dose form surpassed
      isoproterenol in the duration of effect after seven weeks of continuous
      administration. Side effects did not necessitate the interruption of
      metaproterenol therapy. No evidence of the development of tolerance to the drug
      was shown by any of the patients at the end of the study.

PMID- 975979
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta in children and adolescents. Surgical treatment and
      review of 120 patients.
AB  - Between September 1967 and April 1975, a total of 120 patients between one day
      and 20 years of age underwent surgery for coarctation of the thoracic aorta.
      Thirty-two patients were below two years of age (group 1) and 88 were above two
      years (group 3). All patients in group 1 initially had congestive heart failure.
      Twenty-eight had associated cardiac defects, and 18 had signficant pulmonary
      arterial hypertension (greater than 50 mm Hg). Operative deaths occurred only in
      group 1, all in infants below five months of age. Common features in the 13
      deaths were congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, patent ductus
      arteriosus, large ventricular septal defect, concomitant pulmonary arterial
      bandling or open-heart procedures. The only recurrence occurred in an infant
      first operated at 14 days of age. Resection of aortic coarctation can be safely
      performed as an elective procedure; however, it still presents a high surgical
      risk in infants with associated intracardiac defects. Late follow-up shows the
      salutary effects of repair of the coarctation on hypertension.

PMID- 975980
TI  - Plug closure of patent ductus arteriosus by transfemoral catheter method. A
      comparative study with surgery and a new technical modification.
AB  - Plug closure of patent ductus arteriosus without thoracotomy is reliable and can
      be a good alternative to surgical closure for selected patients. We report our
      experiences with plug closure in 87 consecutive patients (age range, 3 to 38
      years). Closure was successful in 83 patients (95 percent). There has been no
      mortality, and the failure in four patients (5 percent) was mainly due to an
      oversized ductus. A major complication during the procedure was dislodgment of
      the plug into either the aorta or the pulmonary artery, which occurred in five
      patients (6 percent). The late results were quite satisfactory, with no
      recurrence of shunting or any other complications. Comparison of these results
      with those of 100 patients treated surgically showed that the new catheter method
      did not seem to carry a higher risk but had certain advantages over thoracotomy.
      A simpler and less time-consuming method using a single catheter has been devised
      and successfully used in the most recent nine patients without failure.
      Simplification of the technique has signficantly reduced the time of the
      procedure and the dose of radiation.

PMID- 975981
TI  - Role of selected muscles of respiration as influenced by posture and tidal
      volume.
AB  - Studies of the activity of accessory respiratory muscles were conducted in 30
      normal subjects (15 male and 15 female subjects, age 5 to 62 years).
      Electromyograms were recorded over the right serratus anterior muscle and the
      adjacent sixthe intercostal space, and the results were correlated with tidal
      volume. Phasic respiratory activity in the serratus anterior muscle was detected
      in every subject but was markedly affected by the prevailing posture and level of
      ventilation (appearing at mean tidal volumes equivalent to 60.5 percent of vital
      capacity when subjects were standing relaxed, and equivalent to 35.2 percent of
      vital capacity when subjects were seated, leaning forward with elbows supported).
      The activity was predominantly inspiratory in timing but in some subjects
      extended into early expiration. No significant differences were noted in subjects
      of different ages, sex, height, or weight. Similar results were recorded from the
      inspiratory intercostal muscle. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that,
      contrary to reports, the serratus anterior muscle should be classified as an
      accessory muscle of respiration, at least at increased levels of ventilation, and
      that its activity is most pronounced in postures that place the muscles' origin
      in an advantageous position for moving the ribs.

PMID- 975982
TI  - Anterior mediastinal mass in a young man.

PMID- 975983
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm. Problems of management.

PMID- 975984
TI  - Malfunction of Beall valve heralded by diastolic murmur. Phonocardiographic
      findings.

PMID- 975985
TI  - Severe bullous emphysema. Successful surgical management despite poor
      preoperative blood gas levels and marked pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Surgical removal of giant pulmonary bullae is usually considered inadvisable in
      patients with either hypoxemia or hypercapnia. A successful operation was
      performed on a patient with both hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Preoperative and
      postoperative physiologic data are presented. Those data which suggested a
      favorable outcome are compared with those which did not.

PMID- 975986
TI  - Double prosthetic aortic valve. Late aortic erosion by Hufnagel valve.
AB  - This is a case report of a patient who had one of the first Hufnagel ball-valve
      prostheses inserted in 1954 for severe aortic incompetence. He obtained relief of
      symptoms for 14 years before recurrence necessitated the insertion of a Starr
      Edwards valve. The patients was symptom-free for another seven years before the
      original valve, which had been left in place, caused his death by eroding through
      the aorta.

PMID- 975987
TI  - Tracheal obstruction associated with a fungus ball. A case of primary tracheal
      candidiasis.
AB  - An elderly patient developed acute respiratory failure secondary to airway
      obstruction by a Candida fungus ball which probably developed secondary to the
      use of broad-spectrum antibiotics when the patient had a decreased gag reflex
      while in a semicomatose state. The frequency of pulmonary fungus balls and their
      precipitating causes are briefly discussed. This potentially frequent, previously
      unreported complication should be recognized as a contributing factor in the
      development of acute respiratory failure requiring management by bronchoscopic
      techniques, as opposed to intubation.

PMID- 975988
TI  - Pneumonitis and pulmonary abscess associated with Moraxella nonliquefaciens.
AB  - A 78-year-old man with pneumonitis and pulmonary abscess associated with
      Moraxella nonliquefaciens is presented. This organism was found by culture of
      both transtracheal aspirate and sputum. No previous reports have associated M
      nonliquefaciens with infection of the lower respiratory tract, although sinusitis
      and bronchitis have been reported. Possible predisposing factors in our patient
      included carcinoma of the larynx, as well as alcohol ingestion and cigarette
      smoking.

PMID- 975989
TI  - Tag-along pacemaker.
AB  - In a R-wave-inhibited pulse generator, an increased interval between pacing
      artifacts giving an apparently slow rate was not indicative of impending battery
      failure in two patients. The pacing artifacts appeared as a tag-along phenomenon
      following a slow idioventricular rhythm as the result of an exit block due to (1)
      hyperkalemia and (2) perielectrode fibrosis. Simple tests demonstrated a normally
      functioning R-wave sensing circuit and pacemaker.

PMID- 975990
TI  - Coccidioidal pericarditis.
AB  - A 26-year-old man developed coccidioidomycosis which resulted in myocarditis
      associated with congestive heart failure. A pericardial effusion developed and
      progressed to constrictive pericarditis. A pericardiectomy was performed and
      revealed that the pericarditis was due to Coccidioides immitis. The patient was
      subsequently treated with amphotericin B and showed marked improvement.

PMID- 975991
TI  - Tonsillar hypertrophy in an adult with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. The use
      of the flow-volume loop.
AB  - A 29-year-old obese man had marked tonsillar hypertrophy, somnolence, hypoxemia,
      and hypercapnia. Endotracheal intubation followed by tracheostomy relieved the
      hypoventilation. Weight loss improved the arterial blood gas levels. Sequential
      upright and supine flow-volume loops were compatible with a fixed upper-airway
      obstruction (such as would occur) with enlarged tonsils) prior to tonsillectomy.
      Following surgery, the expiratory flow-volume curve was abnormal in the supine
      position, consistent with the additional diagnosis of posterior pharyngeal
      hypotonia. Thus, in this patient the unique combination of tonsillar hypertrophy,
      posterior pharyngeal hypotonia, obesity, and a depressed respiratory center led
      to retention of carbon dioxide.

PMID- 975992
TI  - Precocious myocardial infarction after radiation treatment for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A 26-year-old man received extensive cardiac radiation in the course of treatment
      of mediastinal Hodgkin's disease, and six years later, he experienced an acute
      myocardial infarction. Angiographic studies demonstrated extensive
      atherosclerotic abnormalities in the coronary arterial system. It is suggested
      that radiation-induced injury was a provocation of these precocious arterial
      abnormalities.

PMID- 975993
TI  - Unusually high pacemaker threshold in severe myxedema. Decrease with thyroid
      hormone therapy.
AB  - In a patient with myxedema and complete heart block, an usually high pacemaker
      threshold was observed initially during transvenous right ventricular endocardial
      pacing. The pacemaker threshold gradually decreased with thyroid replacement
      therapy, suggesting that the lack of thyroid hormone in some patients might
      increase the pacemaker threshold.

PMID- 975994
TI  - Retroclavicular route for electrode placement in endocardial pacemakers.
AB  - In order to avoid skin erosion and electrode infection in endocardial pacemakers
      placed through the external jugular vein, we direct the wires from their point of
      entry into the vessel to the pacing unit placed in the pectoral region by
      dissecting a retroclavicular tunnel. This can be done under general or local
      anesthesia, and so far we have not seen any injuries to the subclavian vein. In
      this way the entire pathway of the cables is deep enough so that they cannot be
      palpated through the skin, and the dangers of exposure through erosion are
      minimized.

PMID- 975995
TI  - Electronic spirometers.

PMID- 975996
TI  - Coronary arterial aneurysm vs poststenotic dilatation.

PMID- 975997
TI  - Open pulmonary biopsy.

PMID- 975998
TI  - [Acute occlusions of the superior mesenteric artery. Apropos of 3 cases treated
      and cured].

PMID- 975999
TI  - [Chest injuries in civilian practice. 125 cases].

PMID- 976000
TI  - [Liver injury treated by left hemihepatectomy and ligation of the right hepatic
      artery. Recovery].

PMID- 976001
TI  - [Bouveret's syndrome caused by duodenal biliary ileus].

PMID- 976002
TI  - [Use and reliability of gallium-67 in diagnosis of the location of deep
      abscesses].

PMID- 976003
TI  - [International therapeutic trial comparing the value of radical mastectomy
      (Halsted) and extended mastectomy (Halsted plus internal mammary node dissection
      in the treatment of breast cancer. 5-year results].

PMID- 976004
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava].

PMID- 976005
TI  - [Rethrombosis factors after femoro-popliteal artery restoration].

PMID- 976006
TI  - [Purulent pericarditis in children. Apropos of 24 cases].

PMID- 976007
TI  - [Malignant plasmocytoma of the duodeno-jejunal angle. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 976008
TI  - [Conservative surgical treatment of peptic stenosis of the esophagus].

PMID- 976009
TI  - Geographical variability in the pericentric inversion system of the grasshopper
      Trimerotropis pseudofasciata.
AB  - Island and mainland populations of Trimerotropis pseudofasciata from California
      were compared with respect to the nature and extent of their percentric inversion
      systems. Island populations generally have more chromosomes polymorphic for
      centromere position than mainland populations and a considerably higher
      percentage of the genome in these island populations is in a structurally
      heterozygous state. Thus, although geographically peripheral, the islands provide
      habitats capable of supporting denser and more chromosomally polymorphic
      populations than the mainland. Chiasmata are generally localized to terminal
      positions in all classes of chromosomes and do not occur in the inverted regions
      of inversion heterozygotes. Chiasma frequency is highest in inversion
      homozygotes. It is hypothesized that the inversion system in T. pseudofasciata
      serves the dual synergistic function of preserving allelic sequences in the
      inversion region intact through inversion heterozygosity and limiting the
      generation of variability in regions outside the inversion by increasing terminal
      chiasmata. Additionally, it is argued that it is the gene sequence on only the
      inversion chromosome that is important in Trimerotropis. This condition contrasts
      with the "co-adapted" pattern seen in Drosophila where the gene sequences on both
      chromosomes in the inversion heterozygote are simultaneously important.

PMID- 976010
TI  - Study of mitomycin C-induced chromosomal exchange.
AB  - Mitomycin C-induced sister chromatic exchange and quadriradial formation were
      studied in chromosomes from Muntiacus muntjac fibroblasts and A9, a transformed
      mouse cell line. We present the first direct cytological evidence for the
      induction of true somatic recombination involving homologous chromosomes.
      Analysis of the quadriradials from Muntjac cells indicates a non-random
      distribution with respect to the chromosomes involved and with respect to the
      points of conjunction. Sister chromatid exchange and quadriradial formation may
      reflect the outcome of repair processes involving a high frequency of homologous
      exchanges in the interphase nucleus.

PMID- 976011
TI  - The site of 5S RNA genes in primates. I. The great apes.
AB  - A major site of genes for 5S RNA has been localized in representative members of
      the family Pongidae by means of hybridization in situ. These genes are shown to
      be concentrated in the most distal bands of the primate chromosome arm homologous
      to human chromosome 1q.

PMID- 976012
TI  - Nucleoli and ploidy in Potorous cells (PTK2) in vitro.
AB  - Most cells of the male PTK2 cell line contain one nucleolus, and they are
      diploid. However, a proportion of cells have more than one nucleolus. Cells with
      two and three nucleoli were isolated and cloned into viable populations. Greater
      than 90% of the cells in these clonal populations maintained the abnormal
      nucleolar number of the originally isolated cell. Karyotype analysis of cells
      with two and three nucleoli demonstrated that the cells were respectively
      tetraploid and hexaploid. It was concluded that in PTK2 cells, nucleolarity is a
      good index of ploidy even if the ploidy level is abnormal. Furthermore, long term
      monitoring of the tetraploid cells demonstrated virtually no tendency towards
      reversion to the diploid condition as suggested by other studies in Potorous.

PMID- 976013
TI  - Configurational changes in chromatids from helical to banded structures.
AB  - Induction of configurational changes in the helical chromatids of air dried
      chromosomes was used to explore the mechanism of G-banding. From the water-Giemsa
      stained metaphase spreads of Chinese hamster cells, chromosomes having clearly
      helical chromatids were selected and photographed. Then the chromosomes were
      decolorized, treated with trypsin, and restained with saline-Giemsa (1X SSC).
      Such procedures were repeatedly carried out upon the same chromosomes. Subsequent
      examination of the chromosomes showed that configurational changes from a helical
      structure to a banded structure had occurred. Some chromosomes revealed a variety
      of transitional changes between these two configurations. During the repeated G
      banding treatments, the distances between bands along the same chromatids changed
      each time. The results obtained seem to indicate that the G-banding results from
      locally induced compaction of chromosomal materials along the chromatids.

PMID- 976014
TI  - The organization of repeated DNA sequences in the human genome.
AB  - The arrangement of repetitive and non-repetitive DNA sequences was studied in the
      human genome. By Ag+-Cs2SO4 density gradient centrifugations of human DNA at
      different fragment size reannealed to different Cot values and c-RNA
      hybridization experiments, we have shown the presence of two repetitive DNA
      fractions, called fast and slow intermediate DNA, with different pattern of
      sequence organization. The fast intermediate DNA sequences (6% of the genome;
      CsCl density in renatured form: 1.703 g/ml) are in part clustered in fragments
      greater than 24,000 nucleotide pairs and in part in fragments ranging from 1,800
      to 600 nucleotide pairs spaced with longer more complex sequences. The slow
      intermediate DNA sequences (30% of the genome; CsCl density in renatured form:
      1.707 g/ml) appear to be finely interspersed with non-repetitive sequences. At a
      DNA fragment size of 600 nucleotide pairs only a third of the slow intermediate
      DNA sequences are free of unique sequences, while the other two thirds are still
      organized with unique sequences. It has also been shown that a great amount of
      the repetitive DNA sequence transcripts in heterogeneous nuclear RNA of HeLa
      cells are complementary to slow intermediate DNA sequences.

PMID- 976015
TI  - In vitro transcription by isolated nuclei of Rhynchosciara americana salivary
      glands. Characteristics of incorporation and inhibition by alpha-amanitin.
AB  - A method for the isolation of polytene nuclei from salivary glands cells of the
      Diptera Rhynchosciara americana is described. The stage-specific morphological
      pattern of the chromosome is maintained during the isolation. The isolated nuclei
      show two distinct RNA polymerase activities, namely I and II, characterized on
      the basis of ionic requirements and alpha-amanitin sensitivity. Studies of the
      product under the incubation conditions show that the system allows the synthesis
      of high-molecular weight RNA, beside a low molecular weight peak which may
      comprise pre-4S and 5S RNAs. Autoradiographic studies carried out in the presence
      or absence of the toxin alpha-amanitin showed that micronucleoli contain products
      of RNA polymerase type I activity (ribosomal RNA) and that the DNA puffs are
      engaged in alpha-amanitin sensitive RNA synthesis and thus are sites of
      polymerase type II activity.

PMID- 976016
TI  - Sister chromatid differentiation and exchanges in adult mudminnows (Umbra limi)
      after in vivo exposure to 5-bromodeoxyuridine.
AB  - An in vivo system for the detection of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in the
      central mudminnow, Umbra limi, is presented. Sister chromatid differential (SCD)
      and SCE were demonstrated by fluorescent and Giemsa procedures 5 to 6 days after
      the fish were injected with 500 mug/g of BrdU. The exchange rate was found to be
      2.64 SCEs metaphase in the intestines and 2.42 SCEs/metaphase in the gills. SCE
      analysis in U. limi should be a useful tool for measuring the mutagenicity of
      water-borne chemicals.

PMID- 976017
TI  - Satellite DNA in the kangaroo Macropus rufogriseus.
AB  - Two distinct satellite DNAs, amounting to 25% of the total DNA, were isolated
      from the nuclei of the red-necked wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus. The physical
      properties of native, single-stranded and reassociated molecules were studied in
      buoyant-density gradient centrifugation. The homogeneity of each satellite
      fraction was examined using melting characteristics of native and reassociated
      DNA, and renaturation kinetics. These data suggest that sequence heterogeneity
      exists in both fractions. Each satellite fraction was found by in situ
      hybridization to be localized in heterochromatin of interphase nuclei and in the
      centromeric regions of metaphase chromosomes. The chromosomal distributions of
      the two satellite DNAs differentiate the sex chromosomes, which have sequences of
      only one satellite, from the autosomes which have sequences of both satellites in
      the centromeric heterochromatin. Giemsa C-banding techniques also showed a
      differentiation of the centromeric regions of sex chromosomes from those of the
      autosomes.

PMID- 976018
TI  - Karyotype differences in the crenaticeps-group of Atractomorpha (Orthoptera,
      Acridoidea, Pyrgomorphidae).
AB  - The four known species of the crenaticeps-group of the genus Atractomorpha have
      2n (male)=18+X0. All members of the complement are rod-chromosomes and the
      smallest autosome (no. 9) is megameric. The four species have similar amounts of
      euchromatin but differ markedly in the amount of heterochromatin present in their
      genomes. In A. similis, A. crenaticeps and the unnamed species, "Species-1",
      there are distinct proximal segments of heterochromatin in the eight large
      autosomes. In A. similis these chromosomes also have prominent distal segments of
      heterochromatin. The fourth species, A. australis, has no visible heterochromatin
      in its eight large autosomes except for a small segment at the proximal end of
      autosome 4. In all four species, the heterochromatic segments influence chiasma
      frequency and chiasma position. Moreover the overall chiasma frequency is lowest
      in A. similis with most heterochromatin and highest in A. australis with least
      heterochromatin.

PMID- 976019
TI  - Telomeric satellite DNA functions in regulating recombination.
AB  - Molecular and cytogenetical analyses of three sibling species of Australian
      grasshopper, Atractomorpha australis, A. species-1 and A. similis, resolves one
      of the long standing problems of highly repeated DNA. In this system satellite
      DNA functions in regulating the level and position of recombination, irrespective
      of whether the repeated DNA is located in telomeric or centric regions. Even
      though the three species do not differ in their euchromatic genome sizes, their
      relative DNA contents are 1.00/1.10/1.41, the difference in genome size being due
      solely to visible centric or telomeric blocks of heterochromatin. Antibiotic
      analytical and preparative ultracentrifugation, in situ hybridization and
      renaturation kinetic analyses reveal that a large cryptic satellite of A. similis
      constitutes the heterochromatic telomeric blocks of nearly all autosomes and that
      the DNA of this satellite is highly repeated. Comparison of these grasshopper
      data with published literature of heterochromatic rearrangements in Drosophila
      and with heterochromatin distribution and recombination patterns in diploid plant
      species reveals that in every case heterochromatin is implicated in some form of
      alteration in the meiotic recombination system.

PMID- 976020
TI  - Population cytogenetics of the genus Caledia (Orthoptera: Acridinae). II.
      Variation in the pattern of C-banding.
AB  - The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin has been investigated in four
      chromosomal races of the grasshopper Caledia captiva (2n=23 male/24 female) by
      the C-banding technique. Each of the four races was found to have a distinctive
      banding pattern which is associated with the inter-racial differences in
      chromosomal rearrangements. The "Ancestral" race has a telocentric chromosome
      complements with large procentric C-bands which are structurally double on six
      pairs of chromosomes. The centromeres are unstained. The "General Purpose" race
      has a C-banding pattern very similar to that seen in other Acridine grasshoppers
      with the majority of its chromosomes showing a centromeric localisation of the
      bands. The two southern races, which show a complex polymorphism for presumed
      pericentric inversions on all twelve chromosomes, also show an unusually high
      level of interstitial and terminal C-bands. The different locations and numbers
      of these bands allow unambiguous identification of all the chromosome pairs
      within the complement. In two cases, there is good evidence to indicate that a C
      band redistribution between acrocentric and metacentric chromosomes has occurred
      by pericentric inversion. Furthermore, C-band variation on the long arm of the
      metacentric X-chromosome indicates the presence of a large paracentric inversion.
      This double inversion system has involved over 95% of the X-chromosome. The
      interstitial and terminal C-bands probably have not resulted from heterochromatin
      movement within the complement but, more likely, have arisen by saltatory
      duplication of pre-existing sequences on the chromosome. A new nomenclature
      system for banded chromosomes is proposed which allows most kinds of chromosomal
      restructuring and rearrangement to be adequately enumerated.

PMID- 976021
TI  - Outline of chronohygiene.
AB  - Since chronotherapy already manipulates rhythmical functions, it is the important
      task of chronohygiene to outline the object of therapy i.e. health, from
      chronobiological points of view. Only on such a basis can chronohygiene be
      extended to the preventive provisions of health care and health education in
      regard to the biological time structure. Health can be characterized as an
      optimal state of harmonious time structure and its integration into the temporal
      orders of the environment. The circannual variations of an organism establish a
      seasonal risk cycle changing the inner preconditions of therapy as well.
      Moreover, chronohygiene must raise the question of whether the biological
      circannual rhythm is an integrating component of the human time organization, or
      if it may be levelled by civilization. Circadian variations of the organism not
      only modify the preconditions of therapy, but in particular those of activity and
      efficiency. The nocturnal maximum of functional economy normally is protected
      against exploitation by a simultaneous minimum of vigilance, which provides the
      nightly recovery. Therefore the destruction of this phase relationship by night
      work must worsen recovery conditions. The disturbance of the time structure in
      the organism by night-work not only affects the circadian system, but faster
      rhythms as well. The phase position of the circadian rhythms is closely related
      to the individual responsiveness of the autonomous system as well as to the pulse
      respiration-ratio. The latter can serve as a chronobiological criterion for
      evaluating suitability or risk of night- and shift-work. The effort of
      chronohygiene is based on the fact that disturbances of the time structure
      represent just a complementary aspect to disturbances of the spatial structure of
      the organism.

PMID- 976022
TI  - Circadian periodic response of Phaseolus vulgaris l. to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
      acid.
AB  - The susceptibility of bean plants, Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Executive, to 2,4
      dichlorophentoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) appeared to depend upon the time of
      application. Oscillations in response to 2,4-D were evident in plants subjected
      to conditions of alternating light and dark spans, continuous illumination or
      darkness. The fresh and dry weight of plant material was generally less when 2,4
      D was applied to plants near the later portions of the light span.

PMID- 976023
TI  - Advances in human chronopharmacology.
AB  - Regular and thus predictable changes in biologic susceptibility and response to a
      large variety of physical as well as chemical agents can now be viewed as rather
      common phenomena. Chronopharmacology involves both the investigation of drug
      effects as a function of biologic timing and the investigation of drug effects
      upon rhythm characteristics (the period, tau, the acrophase, phi, the amplitude,
      A, and the mesor, M). Illustrative examples of circadian (tau congruent to 24
      hrs) chronopharmacology in man are summarized in up-dated tables, keeping in mind
      that the objective demonstration of chronopharmacologic facts demands the use of
      an appropriate methodology. Circadian changes in the effects of various chemical
      agents have been documented: histamine, sodium salicylate, acetylcholine,
      halothane, prostaglandin F2alpha, reserpine, cyproheptadine, ethanol, insulin,
      chlorothiazide, oxymetholone, orcinprenaline and SCH 1000 (the latter being
      bronchodilators), Indomethacin, lignocaine, ACTH, cortisol and various synthetic
      corticosteroids. Despite that pharmacological facts are well documented in man
      for circadian rhythms, studies are not only restricted to the 24-h period but
      have been already extended to rhythms of periods of e.g. approximately 30 days as
      well as approximately 1 year. For a better understanding of chronopharmacologic
      findings, three new concepts must be considered: a) the chronokinetics of a drug,
      defined as both rhythmic (circadian) changes in the drug bioavailability (and/or
      pharmacokinetic effects) and its excretion (urinary, among others); b) the
      chronesthesy of a biosystem to a drug, or the circadian change in the
      susceptibility of any biosystem to a drug (including organ systems, tumors,
      parasites, etc.); and c) The chronergy of a drug, or the rhythmic change in the
      overall effects and the effectiveness of a drug. This term takes into
      consideration the chronokinetics and the chronesthesies of the organismic
      biosystems involved. Presently, one of the aims of chronopharmacology is to solve
      problems of drug optimization, i.e. to enhance the desired efficiency of a
      corticosteroid or other medications, while reducing undesired effects. In the
      human organism, among other animal species, the metabolic fate of a pharmacologic
      agent (as well as that of a nutrient) is not constant as a function of biological
      time. The metabolic pathways are neither open permanently, nor open with a
      constant patency along the 24-h scale, among other bioperiodic domains. Thus, the
      chronobiologic approach concerning pharmacologic phenomena involves a lesser risk
      of errors and/or false information than the conventional homeostatic approach.

PMID- 976024
TI  - Presidential address: Bicentennial reflections.

PMID- 976025
TI  - Inflammatory disease of the bowel: the risk of cancer.

PMID- 976026
TI  - Inflammatory disease of the bowel: results of resection for Crohn's disease.

PMID- 976027
TI  - Inflammatory disease of the bowel: treatable physiologic disorders following
      surgical treatment.

PMID- 976028
TI  - Stromal atypia in anal papillae.
AB  - This report describes the occurrence of stromal atypia in anal papillae. The
      atypia occurred in two of 15 papillae studied and was present in the larger ones.
      The stromal atypia is similar to that described to occur in vaginal polyps and in
      entities such as pseudosarcomatous fasciitis, atypical fibroxanthomas of the
      skin, radiation dermatitis, and giant-cell cystitis. The atypia is considered to
      be reactive or reparative.

PMID- 976029
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the appendix: an unusual case and review.
AB  - Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is the rarest form of malignant tumor of
      the appendiceal stump is described. As with other malignancies, surgical
      treatment is described. As with other malignancies, surgical treatment is most
      effective during the early stages of disease. In our series most of the patients
      who had metastatic disease had fairly rapid downhill courses. The choice of right
      hemicolectomy with node dissection in all cases is suported.

PMID- 976030
TI  - Fibroma of the cecum: report of a case.
AB  - A woman suffering from recurrent attacks of abdominal pain was found at operation
      to have a fibroma of the cecum. The clinical, operative and pathologic findings
      are described. The medical literature was reviewed and the lesion was found to be
      uncommon. The importance of specific histologic stains to distinguish the true
      fibroma from other spindle-cell tumors is stressed.

PMID- 976031
TI  - Elective resection for recurrent sigmoidal volvulus: report of a case.
AB  - A patient with recurrent sigmoidal volvulus who was treated by elective sigmoidal
      resection is reported. The symptoms and radiologic findings are sufficient for a
      confident diagnosis to be made before the onset of a major obstructive epidose.
      The value of barium-enema examination even in the quiescent phase is emphasized.
      Definitive treatment by sigmoidal resection in the absence of obstruction is safe
      and should be undertaken as an elective measure. Awareness of the disease and its
      occurrence in young patients will aid its recognition and reduce mortality from
      intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 976032
TI  - Retrorectal herniation of the sigmoid colon: report of a case.
AB  - A rare retrorectal hernia of the sigmoid colon associated with diverticulitis and
      a presacral abscess is reported. The anatomy of the retrorectal space is
      reviewed. The value of routine lateral fluoroscopy and overhead films is
      emphasized.

PMID- 976033
TI  - Sliding colonic Maydl's hernia: report of a case.
AB  - An unusual variety of Maydl's hernia (hernia-in-W) in which all the herniated
      loops were colon is reported. The unusual anatomy of the hernia and its
      variations are described. It is important to examine the intraperitoneal
      intestine between the incarcerated loops in an effort to avoid leaving a
      nonviable segment of intraperitoneal intestine after repair of the hernia.

PMID- 976034
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of an Acholeplasma laidlawii mutant with defective
      carbohydrate transport].

PMID- 976035
TI  - [Regulatory region of the cistron of phage MS2 RNA replicase. Isolation and
      characteristics of specific RNA fragments].

PMID- 976036
TI  - [Adsorption of nucleoside phosphates on the surface of basaltic slag].

PMID- 976037
TI  - [Superoxide dismutase activity in neoplastic tissues].

PMID- 976038
TI  - [Kinetic properties of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase from pigeon pectoral
      muscle].

PMID- 976039
TI  - [Participation of the adenylate cyclase system in the effect of thyroid hormones
      on cell metabolism].

PMID- 976040
TI  - [Trainability of rats with positive and negative reinforcements during
      nonspecific stimulation of immune processes].

PMID- 976041
TI  - [Relation of trace process electrographic components to short-term memory
      capacity in children and adults].

PMID- 976042
TI  - [Interhemispheric asymmetry of cerebral functional states during sleep in
      dolphins].

PMID- 976043
TI  - [Effect of vibration on the incorporation of 3H-leucine and 3H-thymidine into
      mouse hematopoietic cells].

PMID- 976044
TI  - [Mechanism of dehydration of frozen cells during thawing].

PMID- 976045
TI  - [Use of high heating rates in studying heat denaturation of proteins].

PMID- 976046
TI  - [Biochemical characteristics of Ehrlich tumor Go-cells].

PMID- 976047
TI  - [Age evolution of the transmitting capabilities of the human auditory analyzer].

PMID- 976048
TI  - [Population cytogenetics in Myospalax myospalax Laxm. (Rodentia, Myospalacinae)].

PMID- 976049
TI  - [Minimal forms of Rauscher leukosis virus in cell systems with different
      leukemogenicity].

PMID- 976050
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of cooperativity of DNA-protein interaction on specific
      site recognition].

PMID- 976051
TI  - [Structure of lysozyme and its complex with an inhibitor in solution: comparison
      with crystalline structures].

PMID- 976052
TI  - [Photoformation of hydrogen from methanol and formic acid by fragments from a
      cell-free extract of Methanobacillus kuzneceovii].

PMID- 976053
TI  - [Changes in chromatin during ontogenesis of vertebrate species, detected by an
      immunochemical method].

PMID- 976054
TI  - [Ionic mechanisms of action of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on the
      postsynaptic membrane of amphibian motoneurons].

PMID- 976055
TI  - [Differentiation of intermediate hosts and polymorphism of larvae in cestodes of
      genus Wardium Mayhew, 1925].

PMID- 976056
TI  - [Increased sensitivity of tumor cell deoxyribonucleoproteins to acid hydrolysis
      in the Feulgen reaction].

PMID- 976057
TI  - [Mechanism of action of mutagens on human cell DNA].

PMID- 976058
TI  - [Antineoplastic properties of complex compounds of platinum(II)].

PMID- 976059
TI  - [Karyological properties and carcinogenicity of hybrids of normal and neoplastic
      cells of the Djungarian hamster].

PMID- 976060
TI  - [Spatial organization of cortical monosynaptic connections between auditory and
      somatosensory zones of the cat brain].

PMID- 976061
TI  - [Formation of DNA-provirus as a possible mechanism of transovarial transmission
      of arboviruses in ticks].

PMID- 976062
TI  - [Effect of light on the electrogenesis process in pigmented neurons of the pond
      snail].

PMID- 976063
TI  - [Factorless ("non-enzymatic") translation of heteropolynucleotides].

PMID- 976064
TI  - [Free DNA in preparations of vertebrate chromatin fragmented by ultrasound].

PMID- 976065
TI  - [Detection in Pichia guilliermondii of GTP-cyclohydrolase, an enzyme involved in
      the 1st stage of flavinogenesis].

PMID- 976066
TI  - [Nature of differentiation inhibition in rabbits during elaboration of a closed
      chain conditioned reflex].

PMID- 976067
TI  - [Isolation of an erythrocyte-agglutinating substance from thymocytes resistant to
      the action of hydrocortisone].

PMID- 976068
TI  - [Ultrastructural organization of the neurointermediate complex of the hypophysis
      of the pink salmon Oncorhyncus gorbuscha (Walbaum)].

PMID- 976069
TI  - [Possible integrational nature of serum hepatitis].

PMID- 976070
TI  - [Conformations of alkylammonium and heterocyclic onium derivatives of
      acetylcholine and the boundary of the anionic center of butyrylcholinesterase].

PMID- 976071
TI  - [Organic compounds in the microflora of volcanic ashes].

PMID- 976072
TI  - [Localization of repeating low-melting segments in rat liver mitochondrial DNA].

PMID- 976073
TI  - [Characteristics of chain motor conditioned reflexes in rats].

PMID- 976074
TI  - [A hydrodynamic property of human blood plasma].

PMID- 976075
TI  - [Transcription of early genes of phage T7 DNA].

PMID- 976076
TI  - [Induction of chick interferon in transplantable mouse cells].

PMID- 976077
TI  - [X-ray large-angle diffuse scattering and structure of globular proteins in
      solution].

PMID- 976078
TI  - [Effect of acids and bases on the molecular structure of glycogens and their
      cleavage by beta-amylase].

PMID- 976079
TI  - [Interrelation of alpha-D-fucosidase and alpha-D-galactosidase activities in man
      and animals].

PMID- 976080
TI  - [Stabilization of coacervate systems by the products of abiogenic oxidation of
      low-molecular compounds using gamma-ray energy].

PMID- 976081
TI  - [Role of palindromic sequences in the formation of the tertiary structure of the
      DNA molecule].

PMID- 976082
TI  - [A new function of lipoprotein lipase in blood].

PMID- 976083
TI  - [Amino acid composition of protein components of membranes during biogenesis of
      chloroplasts].

PMID- 976084
TI  - Evidence for in vivo inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by steroid
      hormones.

PMID- 976085
TI  - Cytochemical localization of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in human
      spermatozoa.

PMID- 976086
TI  - Ecectrophoretic studies of acrosomal and lysosomal hyaluronidase isoenzymes.

PMID- 976087
TI  - Immunochemical studies on some spermatozoal antigens.

PMID- 976088
TI  - Dacarbazine (DTIC) in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 976089
TI  - When to try alternate-day corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 976090
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen and intestinal cancer.

PMID- 976091
TI  - Para-seltzer.

PMID- 976092
TI  - Therapeutic uses of vitamin E.

PMID- 976093
TI  - Radioimmuno assay of IgE: RIST and RAST.

PMID- 976094
TI  - Desmopressin (DDAVP) in diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 976095
TI  - Metoclopramide - how does it work?

PMID- 976096
TI  - Mexiletine for ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 976097
TI  - Anticholinergic drugs for reversible airway narrowing.

PMID- 976098
TI  - Antivenom for adder-bites.

PMID- 976099
TI  - [Oesophageal function in patiensts with angina (author's transl)].
AB  - Oesophageal functions were measured in 18 patients with angina, 13 healthy
      volunteers and 29 age-matched patients with reflux disease. Acid clearance was as
      abnormal in angina patients (88 +/- 46 swallows) as in those with reflux disease
      (97 +/- 45). The pressure in the lower oesophageal sphincter was low in patients
      with angina (13 +/- 8 mm Hg). The incidence of hiatal hernia, subjective symptoms
      during acidification of the oesophagus and results of the reflux provocation test
      were similar in patients with angina pectoris and healthy controls.

PMID- 976100
TI  - [Atrial fibrillation and flutter as a complication of acute myocardial infarction
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Among 909 patients with acute myocardial inarction treated in an intensive care
      unit between 1970 and 1974, atrial flutter and (or) fibrillation occurred in 124
      (13.6%). The incidence of these arrhythmias rose with increasing age and
      predominantly in paroxysmal form (78%). The clinic mortality of patients with
      arrhythmias was 42%, while in the remaining 785 it was only 26% (P less than
      0.001). Patients with atrial fibrillation and (or) flutter had a higher mean age,
      more frequently cardiac failure (P less than 0.001) - especially in the
      prognostically unfavourable severe forms with pulmonary oedema (P less than 0.05)
      and combined right and left heart failure (P less than 0.001) - and other
      disorders of impulse conduction or formation and chronic arterial hypertension (P
      less than 0.01).

PMID- 976101
TI  - [Penicillamine-induced myasthenia in chronic rheumatoid arthritis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A myasthenic reaction developed after an average latency of seven to eight months
      in 12 female patients (average age 51 years) treated with penicillamine for
      chronic rheumatoid arthritis. In most of them only the purely ocular form was
      noted, but generalisation of various degrees also occurred. When penicillamine
      had been discontinued the myasthenic signs were almost always fully reversible,
      recurring once again when treatment with penicillamine was started. In some
      instances a transitory symptomatic treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors was
      necessary. The occurrence of the myasthenic signs in these circumstances is
      probably similar to the anti-basal membrane nephropathy induced by penicillamine.

PMID- 976102
TI  - [Unusual course of traumatic intracranial bleedings (author's transl)].
AB  - Intracranial bleedings occurred in three patients as complications of h-ad
      trauma, without any initial acute disturbance of consciousness. Only careful
      observation, which revealed slow deterioration in consciousness, made it possible
      to establish the diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage, confirmed
      angiographically in all three instances.

PMID- 976103
TI  - [Localization diagnosis of abscesses and inflammations with technetium 99m
      (99Tcm)].

PMID- 976104
TI  - [Diagnosis of hiatal hernia and reflux disease].

PMID- 976105
TI  - [Noradrenaline instead of adrenaline in shock].

PMID- 976106
TI  - [Determination of free cortisol in urine].

PMID- 976107
TI  - [Letter: Hilus arteries and veins in roentgen picture].

PMID- 976108
TI  - [Tuberculostatics in caseating lymph node tuberculosis].

PMID- 976109
TI  - [Sterilization of water of a sulfur spring].

PMID- 976110
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of early carcinoma of the stomach (author's
      transl)].
AB  - From 1961 to 1975, 53 patients were operated on for early carcinoma of the
      stomach, 24 of the total of 57 cancer sites being limited to the mucosa, 33
      having already infiltrated into the submucosa. Macroscopically, most of them were
      ulcerative carcinoma, while histologically the intestinal type predominated. The
      cumulative five-year survival rate (excluding hospital deaths) was 86.5%, while
      after "typical" carcinoma resection by the Billroth II procedure with removal of
      the greater and lesser omentum it was 100% for mucosal and 93% for submucosal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 976111
TI  - [Cytological classification of bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Reliability of cytological classification of tumours from material obtained from
      sputum or bronchial secretion was tested on 116 histologically confirmed cases of
      bronchial carcinoma. Squamous-cell carcinoma and small-cell undifferentiated
      carcinoma were most often correctly classified, results being less good with
      large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma taking an intermediary
      position.

PMID- 976112
TI  - [Myocardial infarction after accidents (author's transl)].
AB  - In a 27-year-old man blunt chest-wall trauma after a car accident gave rise to
      several retrosternal pain. Coronary angiography demonstrated severe generalised
      coronary arteriosclerosis. The history revealed heavy smoking (60 cigarettes
      daily for ten years). Although it must be assumed that there was severe
      generalised coronary arteriosclerosis without angina pectoris before the
      accident, the infarction was considered to be a direct consequence of it: it
      prematurely precipitated the infarction. In a second case, of a 37-year-old
      woman, severe precordial pressure and contusion of the thorax occurred after a
      collision. Cardiac symptoms developed two months later and two weeks after this
      acute myocardial infarction occurred. Coronary angiography demonstrated isolated
      sub-total occlusion of the anterior interventricular branch in the upper third of
      the septum without other abnormalities. Because of the two month symptom-free
      interval, trauma and subsequent myocardial infarction are thought not to be
      causally related, especially as the patient was a heavy smoker and taking oral
      contraceptives.

PMID- 976113
TI  - [Testing of the exocrine pancreatic function using N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA].

PMID- 976114
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy].

PMID- 976115
TI  - [Acquired knee stiffness in infancy].

PMID- 976116
TI  - [Yersinia arthritis (author's transl)].
AB  - Yersinia arthritis is an acute oligo- or, more rarely, polyarthritis. It occurs
      after pyrexic diarrhoea of several days, often associated with right-sided lower
      abdominal pain. The disease is caused by Yersinia enterocolitica and four such
      cases, confirmed serologically in three, are described. In one case fluid from
      the knee-joint was antibody-positive. It was not possible to culture the
      causative organism, probably because all patients had previously been treated
      with an antibiotic. Rheumatic fever and Reiter's disease must be considered in
      the differential diagnosis. Because pharyngitis, transitory ECG changes and
      conjunctivitis may occur in the early stages of Yersinia arthritis, the diagnosis
      may be missed. Prognosis of Yersinia arthritis is good, with complete cure within
      weeks or months. Demonstration of HLA-B 27 in all four cases points to a genetic
      disposition.

PMID- 976117
TI  - [Traumatic subluxation of the head of the radius (author's transl)].
AB  - Radial-head subluxations were noted in 194 patients in the course of two years.
      It was more frequent in girls than boys (57.7% and 42.3%). The highest incidence
      was between the first and fourth year of life, with a peak in the first and
      second years. It no longer occurs after the seventh year. In 82.5% of cases the
      history was typical: a sudden longitudinal pull of the affected arm. In the
      remaining 17.5% no exact event could be ascertained. A questionnaire sent to the
      attending doctors provided replies in 82 cases (42.3%). Reposition by pull and
      pressure on the head of the radius, supination and acute flexing achieved
      repositioning in 92.7%, while in 7.3% repeat repositioning was necessary on the
      same or the next day. After successful repositioning complete absence of symptoms
      occurred in 98.8%. Incidence of recurrence was 30.5% during a follow-up period of
      up to a year and a half. The diagnosis had at first been had at first been missed
      9.8% of cases.

PMID- 976118
TI  - [Kearns' syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - Kearns' syndrome, a rare cause of chronic progressive ophthalmoplegia was
      observed in three patients aged 15 to 54 years. Apart from the chronic
      progressive external ophthalmoplegia the syndrome consists of retinal changes and
      cardiac conduction defects in all cases, as well as other signs indicating damage
      to the nervous system. High tone deafness and vestibular damage as well as an
      increase in CSF protein are common. Endocrine disorders and skeletal anomalies
      may occur. The cause is unknown. The ophthalmoplegia may be of neurogenic origin.
      Adams-Stokes attacks following disturbances of cardiac rhythm may be prevented by
      timely implantation of a cardiac pacemaker.

PMID- 976119
TI  - [Carcinoid tumours of the rectum (author's transl)].
AB  - In three patients aged 21 to 65 rectal polyps diagnosed at rectoscopy were
      removed by diathermy loop. Histology showed them to be carcinoid tumours, one of
      tubular type, two of mixed type. Rectal carcinoid rarely presents with typical
      clinical symptoms. Polyps discovered by digital examination or rectoscopy should
      be considered to be potentially malignant and removed in toto. The size of the
      tumour is of decisive prognostic importance. Tumours with a cross section over 2
      cm should be treated as malignant. The histological investigation generally gives
      no indication of clinical prognosis or of the possibility of metastases. Despite
      invasive growth and despite local or distant metastases carcinoid tumours can be
      judged more favourably than carcinoma. The plan of treatment should be according
      to the clinical findings as well, and not only to histological results.
      Postoperative follow-up is considered imperative.

PMID- 976120
TI  - [Practical significance of indwelling balloon catheterization].

PMID- 976121
TI  - [Urokinase, an expensive false development of thrombolytic therapy].

PMID- 976122
TI  - [Cholestatic hepatosis during azathioprine therapy].

PMID- 976123
TI  - [Cobalt for anemia therapy].

PMID- 976124
TI  - [Bus-driver's licence in obesity?].

PMID- 976125
TI  - [Nonspecific reactive FTA test].

PMID- 976126
TI  - [Continuous monitoring of pO2 by means of intravascular indwelling oxygen
      electrodes (author's transl)].
AB  - Two intravascular oxygen electrodes (of the International Biophysics Corporation
      and Roche) were tested in vitro and in long-term monitoring of arterial oxygen
      partial pressure in 19 patients. There were no complications. Both electrodes
      proved suitable for use for monitoring in an intensive-care situation. But both
      could still be improved by having greater stability and a shorter response time.
      Some of the indications for continuous monitoring of pO2 are mentioned: incipient
      respiratory failure, shock-lung, pulmonary oedema, and artificial ventilation.
      Haemorrhagic diatheses and arterial occlusive disease are contra-indications to
      its use.

PMID- 976127
TI  - [Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery: cause of sudden death in a 10-year
      old girl (author's transl)].
AB  - A ten-year-old girl suddenly died on a playground, after repeated syncopal
      attacks during the preceding two years. Post-mortem examination revealed the left
      coronary artery to have arisen by a separate ostium from the right sinus of
      Valsalva, then coursing to the left between the route of the aorta and the
      pulmonary trunk where it divided as usual. There was no narrowing of the coronary
      artery lumen and the wall was normal. The sudden death is explained by a rise in
      pressure in the root of the aorta with valve-like closure of the coronary artery.
      This anomaly should be thought of in other wise unexplained syncopal attacks in
      children or juveniles during physical exertion. The exercise ECG is apparently
      not helpful diagnostically. Operative treatment is possible.

PMID- 976128
TI  - [Clothing textiles and burns].

PMID- 976129
TI  - [Alopecia areata].

PMID- 976130
TI  - [Oral iron load test].

PMID- 976131
TI  - [Phantom pain].

PMID- 976132
TI  - Aminoglycosides: do we need new agents?

PMID- 976133
TI  - Management of the acute attack of asthma in general practice.
AB  - Many acute attacks of asthma respond readily and completely to aerosol and/or
      parenteral bronchodilators, and subsequent management of asthma should try to
      prevent a further acute recurrence. Explanation of drug administration techniques
      and of the general nature of asthma are of great value in achieving good control.
      Severe, prolonged attacks require energetic measures, with transfer to units with
      intensive care facilities. These life-threatening situations are generally not
      hard to recognise.

PMID- 976135
TI  - Treatment of acute renal failure.

PMID- 976134
TI  - Clonazepam: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy
      in epilepsy.
AB  - Clonazepam or 5-(2-chlorphenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4benzodiazepin-2-one,
      is a close structural and pharmacological relative of nitrazepam. It has a broad
      spectrum of activity against the various types of epilepsy, and is effective in
      many patients whose condition has proved resistant to other antiepileptic drugs.
      Its chief uses are in status epilepticus, in which intravenous clonazepam may
      replace diazepam as the drug of first choice, and in the minor motor seizures of
      childhood, particularly petit mal absences, the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and
      infantile spasms. Clonazepam is also at least as effective as current treatment
      in psychomotor and myoclonic epilepsies, but seems unlikely to replace phenytoin
      and the barbiturates in the treatment of grand mal or focal motor seizures except
      in patients resistant to standard therapy. Initial success with clonazepam can be
      followed by loss of effect, but benefit can often be restored, at least
      initially, by temporary interruption and re-institution of treatment. Side
      effects are common with clonazepam. Most patients experience drowsiness and
      fatigue, which are frequent causes of withdrawal, together with lesser incidences
      of ataxia, dystonia, hypotonia, and hyperactivity. These effects usually
      disappear with continued therapy, and are minimised by gradual introduction of
      the drug over 2-4 weeks. Hypersalivation and excessive bronchial secretion may be
      a problem in children and infants.

PMID- 976136
TI  - [Thyroid diseases in the elderly].

PMID- 976137
TI  - [Senile osteoporosis].

PMID- 976139
TI  - [Unconsciousness in the elderly].

PMID- 976138
TI  - [Cardiac infarction in the elderly].

PMID- 976140
TI  - [Diverticulosis of the colon].

PMID- 976141
TI  - [Acute abdomen in the elderly].

PMID- 976143
TI  - [Geriatric anesthesis].

PMID- 976142
TI  - [Arterial surgery of the lower extremities in the elderly].

PMID- 976144
TI  - [Geriatric and pathologic aspects of deteriorating brain function].

PMID- 976145
TI  - [Psychiatric disorders in old age].

PMID- 976146
TI  - [Who needs geriatrics?].

PMID- 976147
TI  - [Geriatric prophylaxis].

PMID- 976148
TI  - [Normal senescence].

PMID- 976149
TI  - [Idiopathic hyperenzynemias].

PMID- 976150
TI  - [Current status of heart valve graft surgery].

PMID- 976151
TI  - [DIC-syndrome. I. Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 976152
TI  - [Natural and synthetic fibers as a cause of asthma and allergic rhinitis].

PMID- 976153
TI  - [Incidence of stroke in the Espoo-Kauniainen area, Finland and in Tartu, Estonia,
      Soviet Union].

PMID- 976154
TI  - [Infant cardiac surgery].

PMID- 976155
TI  - [DIC-syndrome. II. DIC in different diseases].

PMID- 976156
TI  - [Diagnostic electron microscopy].

PMID- 976157
TI  - Report of the Macy Commision of physicians for the future.

PMID- 976158
TI  - Neurilemoma of the parapharyngeal space.

PMID- 976159
TI  - Malignant mesenchymoma of the soft palate.

PMID- 976160
TI  - Atruamatic palatal perforations: case report and literature review.

PMID- 976161
TI  - Asymptomatic orophyarngeal flora in patients admitted to hospital.

PMID- 976162
TI  - Effects of various anesthetic agents on normal and pathologic middle ears.

PMID- 976163
TI  - Technique for removing a spherical foreign body from the nose or ear.

PMID- 976164
TI  - [Electromyographic and electroneurographc aspects of the carpal tunnel syndrome
      (apropos of 2500 examinations)].

PMID- 976165
TI  - [Critical examination of various methods of EMG of the vocal muscles. An original
      subthyroid approach].

PMID- 976166
TI  - [Type of blood flow in the left heart ventricle (experimental study)].

PMID- 976167
TI  - [Experimental basis of the model of acute embologenic arterial occlusion].

PMID- 976168
TI  - [Experimental arrest of hemorrhage from pelvic veins with a free muscle flap].

PMID- 976169
TI  - [First experience with the use of certain models of single perfusion systems in
      clinical practice].

PMID- 976170
TI  - [Indications for limited conservative surgical approaches in operations on the
      lungs and mediastinal organs].

PMID- 976171
TI  - [Comparative clinico-biochemical characteristics of experimental intestinal
      shunting].

PMID- 976172
TI  - [Transvesical approach in surgical treatment of vesicovaginal fistulas].

PMID- 976173
TI  - [Collagen metabolism during healing of infected wounds in animals with changed
      immunologic reactivity].

PMID- 976174
TI  - [Needle for removal of air from cardiac cavities and main blood vessels].

PMID- 976175
TI  - [Effect of helium-neon laser on the healing of aseptic experimental wounds].

PMID- 976176
TI  - [Rational use of capron in surgical practice].

PMID- 976177
TI  - [Current theories on surgical treatment of atresia of the tricuspid valve].

PMID- 976178
TI  - [Compensation of the respiratory function after lung surgery].

PMID- 976179
TI  - [Variants of adaptation to respiratory insufficiency in the postoperative
      period].

PMID- 976180
TI  - [Pathogenesis of pulmonary reaction to surgical trauma and endotracheal
      anesthesia under experimental conditions].

PMID- 976181
TI  - [Preanesthetic medication with pentazocine and propranidid in intratracheal
      general anesthesia].

PMID- 976182
TI  - [General anesthesia with sodium gamma-oxybutyrate salt and its combination with
      neuroleptoanalgesia in emergency operations].

PMID- 976183
TI  - [Ultrastructural and biochemical changes of hepatocytes during ether and
      fluothane anesthesia under experimental conditions].

PMID- 976184
TI  - [Effect of polyglucin on cerebrovascular circulation].

PMID- 976185
TI  - [Etran (enflurane) anesthesia (literature survey)].

PMID- 976186
TI  - Suppression of the estradiol receptor system by progesterone in the oviduct and
      uterus of the cat.
AB  - Four weeks or more after being spayed, cats were either left untreated or treated
      with various regimens of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in silastic
      implants. Oviducts and uteri were then removed and examined for morphological
      changes as well as for the amount and compartmentalization of the estrogen
      receptor. E2 treatment restored a full complement of ciliated and secretory cells
      to the oviduct, and subsequent P treatment (with or without continuous E2) of an
      E2-restored oviduct produced an atrophied epithelium equivalent to that resulting
      from E2 withdrawal. In the uterus, P treatment after E2 priming did not lead to
      E2-withdrawal symptoms but rather to a new stage of differentiation characterized
      by altered and increased secretory activity. In both organs E2 caused dramatic
      elevations in the E2-receptor content in the nuclear as well as in the
      cytoplasmic compartments. Also (in both organs) P treatment after E2 priming
      reduced the E2-receptor content in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments to
      the levels present in spayed cats. The degree of suppression caused by P in both
      organs was similar to that induced by E2 withdrawal. Suppression of the E2
      receptor system by P correlated with suppressed function inthe oviduct but with
      increased growth and secretory activity in the uterus.

PMID- 976187
TI  - Relationship between membrane potential and progesterone release in ovine corpora
      lutea.
AB  - When slices of ovine luteal tissue were perfused with medium containing
      luteinizing hormone (LH), the output of progesterone was increased significantly
      (P less than 0.01) in eleven of twelve experiments. However, addition of LH to
      the medium did not influence the luteal cell membrane potential. The addition of
      47 mM potassium to the medium resulted in increased progesterone output (P less
      than 0.01) and depolarization of the luteal cell membrane within 2 min.
      Progesterone output decreased to approximate pretreatment levels within 2 min of
      the return to normal potassium levels in the perfusion medium. High levels of
      potassium further increased the output of progesterone from tissue stimulated
      with LH. Perfusion of the slices with sodium-free medium also resulted in
      increased (P less than 0.01) progesterone output within 2 min, which returned to
      pretreatment levels within 2 min after normal sodium levels were restored to the
      medium. Perfusion of the slices with sodium-free medium did not influence the
      membrane potential. Perfusion of the tissue with LH, 47 mM potassium, or sodium
      free medium had no effect on progesterone output if the medium was calcium-free
      and/or contained 2 mM EGTA. These data suggested that the calcium ion plays an
      important role in mediating the steroidogenic response of ovine luteal tissue to
      LH. A second series of experiments was designed to ascertain if luteal cells were
      coupled electrically. Sixty-six pairs of luteal cells separated by 150-300 mum
      were penetrated with electrodes and the membrane potential of both cells was
      studied. One cell of each pair was hyperpolarized by passage of 0.4 nA current
      into the cell, but in no case was there an effect on the membrane potential of
      the other penetrated cell. Likewise, when five cells were injected
      iontophoretically with Procion Yellow there was no evidence of diffusion of the
      dye to adjacent cells. There was no evidence obtained in this study which
      suggested that ovine luteal cells were coupled electrically.

PMID- 976188
TI  - Adrenal mitochondrial and serum corticosteroid studies in rats resistant to
      adrenal-regeneration hypertension (ARH).
AB  - Female rats of the Wistar-Furth (W/Fu) strain appear to be resistant to the
      development of adrenal regeneration hypertension. At a time period, after adrenal
      enucleation, when Holtzman female rats had elevated serum 11-deoxycorticosterone
      levels and were hypertensive, none of the W/Fu rats became hypertensive. In vitro
      adrenal studies after quiescent kills of W/Fu rats indicated that cholesterol
      side chain cleavage activity was greater in mitochondria from regenerating
      adrenals than from controls. Both serum deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone
      levels were significantly greater in the adrenal-enucleated group. These studies
      were repeated in animals which were given a standard ether anesthetic stress.
      Ether stress increased cholesterol side chain cleavage activity comparably in
      control and adrenal-enucleated rats and also increased their serum
      deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone levels. Adrenal-enucleated Wistar-Furth
      rats had higher serum deoxycorticosterone levels than controls, whereas controls
      had higher serum corticosterone levels than the adrenal-enucleated group after
      the ether stress. These results indicate that although the adrenal-enucleated
      W/Fu rats have increased serum deoxycorticosterone levels, none of these rats
      develop frank hypertension. This suggests a resistance to deoxycorticosterone
      induced hypertension in this strain of rat.

PMID- 976189
TI  - Mechanism of interaction of digitalis with estradiol binding sites in rat uteri.
AB  - Digitalis preparations have a weak estrogenic effect in man. The data in animals
      are equivocal. We have studied.the biologic effect of both digitoxin and digoxin
      on the rat uterus in vivo and the interaction of these drugs with the rat uterus
      estrogen receptor in vitro. Digitoxin and estradiol significantly increased the
      uterine weight of immature rats, while digoxin did not. The interaction of
      digitoxin and digoxin with the rat uterus estrogen cytosol receptor was studied
      using protamine sulfate precipitation and dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assays.
      Both methods gave a Kd for the estradiol-receptor interaction between 0.8-3.1 X
      10(-9) M (n = 20). Digitoxin at concentrations of 0.5-2.0 X 10(-6) M
      significantly inhibited the binding of estradiol to the specific or saturable
      binding sites with minimal inhibition of hormonal binding to nonspecific sites.
      The binding was competitive with a calculated Ki for digitoxin of 5.2-7.8 X 10(
      7) M (n = 18). Digoxin failed to inhibit estradiol binding to the receptor
      protein in vitro. We conclude that digitoxin probably acts directly as a weak
      estrogen and that this effect probably explains the estrogen-like side effects
      seen with digitoxin therapy in man.

PMID- 976190
TI  - Effects of spironolactone, canrenone and canrenoate-K on cytochrome P450, and
      11beta- and 18-hydroxylation in bovine and human adrenal cortical mitochondria.
AB  - Effects of spironolactone, canrenone and canrenoate-K on adrenal cytochrome P450
      (P450) and corticosteroid biosynthesis were examined by studying difference
      spectra, P450 reduction and corticoid hydroxylation in mitochondrial preparations
      isolated from zona fasciculata and zona glomerulosa of bovine adrenals and from
      adrenal adenoma and hyperplastic adrenal cortex removed from patients with
      hyperaldosteronism. All three agents bound to P450 producing type I difference
      spectra and underwent hydroxylation. They all inhibited 11beta-hydroxylation in
      bovine adrenal at 30 muM and higher concentrations. Canrenone, the most potent
      inhibitor, blocked enzyme activity by 60% at a concentration of 60 muM.
      Spironolactone stimulated P450 reduction. The order of potency of inhibition was
      found to correlate with the order of affinity of these agents for P450. 11beta
      Hydroxylase in human adrenal appeared to be less sensitive to canrenone. All
      three agents or their hydroxylated metabolites blocked 18-hydroxylation in bovine
      adrenal at lower concentrations. Canrenoate-K, being the most effective,
      inhibited 52% at 20 muM. Low concentrations of canrenone (2.5-5.0 muM) were
      without effect on 11beta-hydroxylase but markedly inhibited 18-hydroxylation (62
      76%) in hyperplastic human adrenals. The inhibitors produced mixed type
      inhibition of 11beta-hydroxylation and competitive type inhibition of 18
      hydroxylation. These findings indicate that at low concentrations spironolactone
      and its major metabolites, canrenone and canrenoate-K, or their hydroxylated
      metabolites, can directly interfere with the biosynthesis of aldosterone in
      bovine and certain human adrenal cortical tissue.

PMID- 976191
TI  - The interrelation of renin and iron binding capacity.
AB  - When rats are subjected to hypoxia, an increase in serum angiotensinogen
      concentration occurs which is accompanied by the appearance of serum
      erythropoietin (EP) during the first 24 h. Subsequent increases in EP reach
      maximum values 24 to 48 h after increases in packed cell volume (PCV) and serum
      renin levels. The current experiments were designed to determine if a decrease in
      iron stores is the stimulus for renin production when rats are rapidly expanding
      their red cell volume in a hypoxic environment. Young rats fed McCall's low iron
      diet were paired with rats fed the same diet supplemented with ferric citrate (6
      g/kg diet). After two weeks at ambient pressure, they were subjected to hypoxia
      (0.48 atm) for 1 to 10 days. After 5 days at the reduced pressure, a fraction of
      the rats on the low iron diet were fed the iron-supplemented diet. At the time of
      sacrifice, serum was assayed for total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and renin.
      Rats that were fed the low iron diet showed an increase in TIBC, an increase in
      serum renin and a positive correlation between serum renin and TIBC. Rats that
      were fed a normal iron diet under the same conditions had lower TIBC, lower serum
      renin and no correlation between serum renin and TIBC. When low iron diet rats
      were supplemented with iron, TIBC and serum renin decreased. These experiments
      may have a clinical counterpart. The total iron binding capacity, renin and
      angiotensinogen were measured in the serum of women during the first 19 weeks of
      pregnancy. Women during early pregnancy showed an increase in TIBC, an increase
      of renin and angiotensinogen in the serum and a positive correlation between TIBC
      and renin concentration. It is suggested that the increased concentration of
      renin in the serum of women during the first 19 weeks of pregnancy and in the
      serum of rats that are rapidly expanding their red cell volume are related to a
      decrease in iron stores.

PMID- 976192
TI  - Follicle stimulating activity of human chorionic gonadotropin: effect of
      dissociation and recombination of subunits.
AB  - The follicle stimulating activity (FSA) and interstitial cell stimulating
      activity (ICSA) of highly purified human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), its alpha
      and beta subunits, and hCG generated by subunit recombination were determined by
      ovarian weight and ventral prostate weight bioassays. Whereas highly purified hCG
      exhibited both FA and ICSA, its separated subunits were essentially devoid of
      both activities. ICSA and FSA, indistinguishable from that of the highly purified
      hCG, were restored by recombination of the hCG subunits. These observations are
      consistent with the hypothesis that the FSA and ICSA found in highly purified hCG
      preparations are properties of the hCG molecule.

PMID- 976193
TI  - Stimulation of aromatization of exogenous and endogenous androgens in ovaries of
      hypophysectomized rats in vivo by follicle-stimulating hormone.
AB  - The role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the regulation of estrogen
      biosynthesis in vivo has been investigated in immature hypophysectomized rats,
      utilizing uterine weight and histologic responses, and ovarian estradiol-17beta
      concentrations as indicators of estrogen secretion. A highly purified FSH
      preparation produced only borderline increases in uterine weights and in ovarian
      estradiol-17beta contents when administered alone at 2.5 mug/day for 3 days.
      Testosterone or androstenedione (5 mg/day), when administered in the absence of
      FSH, produced typically androgenic stimulation of uteri, and did not increase
      ovarian estradiol-17beta concentrations. When administered concomitantly with
      FSH, the uterine weight-stimulating activity of these aromatizable androgens was
      substantially increased, accompanied by marked hypertrophy of the endometrial
      mucosal cells, and ovarian estradiol-17beta concentrations were increased 20- to
      200-fold. The administration of the non-aromatizable androgen, 17beta-OH-5alpha
      androstan-3-one (DHT) (5 mg/day, by itself produced uterine weight increases
      similar to those caused by testosterone alone; however, no evidence of increased
      estrogen secretion resulted from the combined treatment of DHT wtih FSH. A highly
      purified luteinizing hormone (LH) preparation was equally as effective as
      exogenous androstenedione in increasing ovarian concentrations of immunoreactive
      androgen (testosterone + DHT) but evoked none of the above signs of estrogen
      secretion unless administered together with FSH. The weights of ovaries were not
      affected by the administration of LH or of any of the androgens by themselves,
      but were approximately doubled by FSH alone. Ovarian weights were increased still
      further when FSH was administered concomitantly with LH, testosterone , or
      androstenedione, but not with DHT. It is concluded that FSH and LH regulate
      ovarian estrogen secretion in vivo by acting at biochemically distinct sites--LH
      stimulating the synthesis of C19-steroids, which are then converted to estradiol
      17beta under specific stimulation by FSH.

PMID- 976194
TI  - Progesterone metabolism by the ovary of the pregnant rat: discrepancies in the
      catabolic regulation model.
AB  - The intraovarian site of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (20 alpha
      OH-SDH) was determined biochemically by measuring enzyme activity in homogenates
      of the whole ovary, or of isolated ovarian compartments, during the last third
      segment of pregnancy in the rat. In agreement, with previously reported
      histochemical evidence, an increase in 20 alpha-OH-SDH activity was observed in
      isolated corpora lutea, but not in the non-luteal compartment of the ovary.
      Enzyme activity in corpora lutea was low between days 16 and 22 of pregnancy, but
      increased markedly (4-6 fold) on day 23. Between days 17 and 20 of pregnancy,
      serum concentrations of progesterone declined from 130 +/- 3 to 80 +/- 3 ng/ml,
      while 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OH-P) concentrations declined
      from 34 +/- 3 to 18.5 +/- 3 ng/ml. Only later, between days 20 and 22 of
      pregnancy, was a significant decline in serum progesterone concentrations
      associated with an increase in serum 20 alpha-OH-P concentrations (50 +/- 15
      ng/ml at 0800 h and 128.5 +/- 15 ng/ml at 1400 h on day 22). Thus the decline in
      progesterone concentration late in pregnancy can be explained only partially by
      conversion of progesterone to 20 alpha-OH-P. Further, a dissociation between
      changes in enzyme activity and in serum concentrations of 20 alpha-OH-P was also
      observed. A marked increase in serum levels of 20 alpha-OH-P on day 22 preceded
      any increase in enzyme activity by at least 10 h, and continued increases in
      enzyme activity on day 23 were not associated with any steady increase in
      peripheral 20 alpha-OH-P levels. We conclude from these observations that luteal
      regression is a more complex phenomenon than the regulation of a single enzyme,
      20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and may involve regulation of both the
      synthesis and degradation of progesterone.

PMID- 976195
TI  - Pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) rebound phenomenon and kinetics of secretion in the
      goitrous rat: differential effects of thyroxine on synthesis and release of TSH.
AB  - The protein metabolism and [3H]-uridine uptake of thyroid and adenohypophysis and
      the kinetics of pituitary TSH rebound (PTR) were studied in goitrous female rats
      (fed propylthiouracil, PTU: for 7-12 weeks) following single, iv injections of L
      thyroxine (T4: 0.8 to 200 mug). Goitrogenesis was associated with reduced protein
      concentration and enhanced uptake of [3H] uridine in both glands. Plasma levels
      of TSH were invariably elevated but stores in the adenohypophysis were
      consistently reduced. Small doses of T4 (4 mug) induced significant TSH repletion
      in the pituitary within 2-6 h following injection. Accumulations of pituitary TSH
      to supranormal levels (15-fold increases) were achieved with 20 mug T4 at 6 and
      24 h; higher doses (100-200 mug) inhibited the PTR at all time intervals tested
      (0.5-24 h). Administration of puromycin or actinomycin D did not influence the
      PTR. Protein content and labeled uridine uptake of the pituitary bore no apparent
      relationship to T4-induced TSH repletion in the gland. Blood clearance rate of
      exogenous rat TSH was measured prior to and during PTR. Plasma half-life was
      determined to be 13.6 and 19.9 min in euthyroid and chronically hypothyroid rats,
      respectively; it was not significantly altered from the latter during rebound
      (18.7 min). Calculations of theoretical TSH secretory rates prior to (50.5 +/-
      4.4 mU/h) and after rebound with 20 mug T4 (25.4 +/- 4.2 mU/H) revealed that the
      reaccumulation of TSH in the pituitary induced with T4 cannot be attributed
      solely to inhibition of release, but may also involve enhancement of synthesis.
      It is concluded that T4 administration at high dose levels inhibits both
      synthesis and release of TSH from pituitary thyrotrophs, whereas low critical
      doses of T4 suppress release, but augment synthesis and/or facilitate
      conformational change in a pituitary precursor(s) molecule which renders it
      detectable by bioassay.

PMID- 976196
TI  - Effect of surgical disconnection of the medial basal hypothalamus on postcoital
      reflex ovulation in the rabbit.
AB  - The effects of hypothalamic transections of varying lengths on reflex ovulation
      in the rabbit are reported. Circular cuts which surgically isolated the medial
      basal hypothalamus (MBH) from the remainder of the brain did not prevent
      copulation 4 to 24 h later, but did block reflex ovulation. On the contrary,
      hemicircular cuts of either the rostral, caudal or one lateral haf of the
      circular cut did not prevent reflex ovulation. These results suggest that coital
      stimuli reach the MBH through a diffuse network of fibers and that only very
      extensive deaferrentation of the MBH can cause blockade of ovulation in rabbits.
      These data are compared with results of other investigators in which anterior
      deafferentation of the MBH blocked reflex and spontaneous ovulation in rats.

PMID- 976197
TI  - Extrahypothalamic control of stress-induced inhibition of growth hormone
      secretion in the rat.
AB  - The aim of these experiments was to determine whether the telencephalon is
      essential for stress-induced suppression of plasma GH levels and, if so, which
      telencephalic structures are involved. In the first study, the telencephalon was
      completely removed from adult female rats by suction; intact and sham-operated
      rats served as controls. At 24 h after surgery, blood samples were collected at
      the initiation of and 15 min after a 3-min immobilization-blood withdrawal stress
      procedure and used for determining non-stress and stress plasma levels of GH,
      respectively. GH was measured by radioimmunoassay. In contrast to the normal
      stress-induced decrements in GH levels observed in controls, this response was
      blocked and stress caused a paradoxical increase (P less than 0.01) in GH levels
      in telencephalon-ablated rats. These results suggested that the telencephalon is
      essential for stress-induced inhibition of GH secretion. Therefore, the several
      components of the telencephalon were ablated individually in additional
      experiments to determine the structure(s) involved. Placement of large, bilateral
      lesions in the amygdala or complete removal by suction of hippocampus, septum or
      striatum did not interfere with the normal GH response to stress at 24 h after
      surgery. However, removal of the preoptic region duplicated the effects of
      complete telencephalon ablation i.e., the normal stress-induced decrement was not
      only blocked but also reversed. These findings suggest that the preoptic region
      is essential for mediating inhibition of GH secretion in response to
      immobilization-blood withdrawal stress and that other telencephalic structures
      are not essential for this neuroendocrine response.

PMID- 976198
TI  - Compensatory thyroid hypertrophy after hemithyroidectomy in rats.
AB  - Thyroid enlargement occurs in association with a variety of circumstances
      characterized by an impaired capacity of the gland to secrete adequate amounts of
      hormone. To elucidate the factors responsible for such compensatory thyroid
      growth, particularly the role of TSH, we have observed the response of the serum
      TSH, T3 and T4 concentrations following hemithyroidectomy in the rat, and have
      attempted to correlate changes in these functions with changes in the weight and
      histology of the thyroid remnant. Hemithyroidectomy was performed in male Sprague
      Dawley rats weighing 150 to 370 g, sham-operated animals serving as controls. As
      compared to findings in sham-operated animals, serum T4 concentrations declined
      promptly after hemithyroidectomy. In Experiment I serum T4 concentrations
      remained low for about 10 days and then returned to initial values. In Experiment
      II serum T4 concentrations remained lower than initial T4 values or values found
      in sham-operated animals until 34 days after hemithyroidectomy. Serum T3
      concentrations were not significantly altered after hemithyroidectomy in either
      group but tended to be lower in the hemithyroidectomized animals. Serum TSH
      concentrations increased within 3 days after hemithyroidectomy and, for as long
      as 21 weeks, remained at values higher than those present preoperatively or those
      seen in sham-operated animals. Thyroid lobe weight increased following removal of
      the contralateral lobe and this increase was also sustained throughout the
      duration of the experiments. Biochemical and histological observations indicated
      that enlargement of the residual lobe was due to hypertrophy rather than
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 976199
TI  - Correlation between sexual steroid effect and activity changes and isoenzyme
      distribution of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in rat anterior pituitary.
AB  - Sexual steroid feed-back is a fundamental regulating factor oification of
      pituitary metabolism in rat. Oestrogen synthesis and/or activity of M subunif
      testosterone, in males testosterone treatment as well as lack of oestrogen result
      in characteristic pituitary LDH activity and isoenzyme distribution.
      Physiological doses of sexual steroids affect, directly or indirectly, pituitary
      LDH activity, oxydative metabolism, and imply different biochemical bases for the
      polypeptide hormone production in the anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 976200
TI  - Study of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) activity and isoenzyme distribution
      in rat anterior pituitary, neurohypophysis, hypothalamus and in the pineal gland.

PMID- 976201
TI  - Sexual difference in pituitary pyruvic acid content, as well as of lactic
      acid/pyruvic acid quotient.
AB  - The lactic acid/pyruvic acid quotient of rat anterior pituitary varies betweeen
      30 and 80. The dominance of lactic acid is in accordance with the earlier
      observation that pituitary lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in rat are made up,
      in majority, of M subunits. The pituitary lactic acid concentration in female and
      male animals shows no appreciable difference and does not change 2 and 4 weeks
      after castration. In males the pituitary pyruvic acid concentration was almost
      double of that in females. Pyruvic acid content increases after ovariectomy and
      decreases after orchidectomy. The sexual differences having been observed in
      lactic acid/pyruvic acid quotient are in correlation with the discrepancy of
      pyruvic acid concentration.

PMID- 976202
TI  - [Metabolism of sulfate and phosphate conjugates of 19-nortestosterone
      enantiomers].
AB  - The sulfate and phosphate conjugates of 19-nortestosterone (17beta-hydroxy-estr-4
      ene-3-one) and ent-19-nortestosterone (ent-17beta-hydroxy-estr-4-ene-3-one) have
      been synthesized. The sodium salts of the conjugates were i.v. infused to 2
      women. On days 1--4 following application, the 19-nortestosterone and 17
      ketosteroid excretion in urine as well as the 19-nortestosterone conjugation have
      been estimated. The 19-nortestosterone enantiomers were excreted in nearly the
      same amounts. In comparison to testosterone, the excretion of unchanged steroid
      (20--50%) is significantly higher. The sulfate conjugates of the enantiomers are
      not hydrolyzed in vivo, whereas the phosphate conjugates are completely splitted.
      Hydrolysis of ent-nortestosterone phosphate takes place obviously more slowly.
      Urinary 17-ketosteroids are significantly increased only following infusion of 19
      nortestosterone phosphate.

PMID- 976203
TI  - Structural changes in the medial and central amygdala of the male rat, following
      neonatal castration and androgen treatment.
AB  - In contrast to the lateral amygdalar region, in the medial and central parts of
      the amygdala a significant female-like increase of neuronal nuclear volumes was
      found in adult male rats orchidectomized on the 1st day of life. These permanent
      structural changes of the medial and central amygdala could be prevented by
      androgen administration on the 3rd day of life.

PMID- 976204
TI  - [Endocrinologic and pharmacologic-toxicologic findings with ethinyl-estradiol
      sulfonate. 8th communication. Complement and lysozyme in the serum of beagles
      after 6 months application of ethinylestradiol sulfonate].
AB  - In course of studies for the chronic toxicity of estrogens after oral application
      two parameters of the unspecific resistance - complement (CH50U and CB50U) and
      lysozyme - in sera of 30 beagle-dogs were studied. The doses of the daily (over 6
      months) applicated hormones were 1,0 mg/kg ethinylostradiol and 1,0, 0,1 and 0,01
      mg/kg ethinylostradiolsulfonate (depotform). In the majority of all measurements
      no significant variations of serum complement and -lysozyme could be detected,
      however after application of high doses of the hormone ethinylostradiol a little
      reduction of complement and significant elevations of lysozyme were observed.

PMID- 976205
TI  - Thyroid testis inter-relationship in Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti
      Wroughton.
AB  - The present work attempts to find out a relationship between testicular functions
      and thyroid activity in a seasonal breeder, Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus
      pennanti Wroughton. In addition to radioiodine studies used for assessing thyroid
      status during different months in the year, biochemical estimations and
      histological studies have also been undertaken with a view to determine thyroid
      and testicular functions. Testicular recrudescence in Indian palm squirrel starts
      in January and peak activity is reached during April and May. June marks the
      beginning of testicular regression and the maximal regression is reached in
      October. Fluctuations in thyroid function are clearly manifested by variations
      observed in radioiodine uptake during different phases of reproductive cycle.
      Cytoarchitecture of thyroid also changes somewhat during different periods of the
      year and these changes are in accordance with the results obtained from
      radioiodine uptake studies. The present investigation suggests that the thyroid
      has a definite and significant role to play during the period of testicular
      recrudescence and regression in seasonal breeder Funambulus pennanti and it seems
      to help in tapering off sexual arousal and regression rather than sudden
      switching on and off of the reproductive cycle. In addition, it seems to
      facilitate peak testicular activity. However, mechanisms whereby thyroid
      influences various testicular functions seem to involve a complex series of
      interactions.

PMID- 976206
TI  - The response of thyroid C-cell system in rat to long-term hypercalcemia.
AB  - Long-term hypercalcemia induced in rats by administration of vitamine D3 and
      CaCl2 for 60 days resulted in strong hyperplasia and hypertrophy of C-cells. The
      extent of hyperplasia varied greatly in individual animals. Histochemical
      reactions, especially the masked metachromasy with toluidine blue, demonstrated
      cell groups in which no reaction was observed beside those exhibiting a very
      strong reaction. Impregnation with silver according to Cajal showed a diminished
      number of argyrophilic granules in the C-cells, which had undergone hyperplasia.
      The reactions for non-specific esterases and cholinesterases were similar both in
      the experimental animals and in the controls. An enlargement of the C-cell nuclei
      in the experimental group was also pronounced. The total serum calcium level was
      only slightly increased in this group. It is concluded that the results of
      staining and the enlargement in nuclear volume of C-cells reflect the increased
      activity of these cells. Hyperplasia of the C-cells may represent a type of
      adaptation of the endocrine system in order to maintain calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 976207
TI  - Decreased antidiuretic response in diabetes insipidus during prolonged treatment
      with carbamazepine presumably due to enzym-induction.
AB  - Carbamazepine (CA)-induced antidiuresis and fluorescence in urinary cortisol
      assay was compared during short-term and prolonged treatment in 3 patients with
      pituitary diabetes insipidus. The fluorescence induced by excreted CA
      metabolite(s) (probably CA-10-11 epoxide and its derivatives) was used for the
      rough clinical estimation of the rate of metabolic elimination of the drug. A
      marked decrease was observed both in the antidiuretic response induced by CA and
      excretion of CA metabolite(s) during prolonged treatment - with a fixed dose of
      CA. These findings suggest that diminishing antidiuretic effectiveness might be
      due to auto-induction of CA. Auto-induction of CA may explain the delay in
      improvement of renal concentrating operation in patients with DI during long-term
      treatment with fixed doses of CA. Another clinical consequence of this mechanism
      may be the prevention of the development of water intoxication in neuro
      psychiatric patients undergoing chronic treatment with CA.

PMID- 976208
TI  - Relationship between plasma renin activity and urinary catecholamines in various
      types of hypertension.
AB  - The urinary excretion of free noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), dopamine (DA),
      the DA/NA ratio in the urine, plasma renin activity (PRA) and their mutual
      relationship were investigated in 71 patients suffering from different types of
      arterial hypertension. In spite of the fact that the mean values of excreted
      catecholamines, with the exception of pheochromocytoma, lie within the range of
      values found in healthy controls, certain differences were found in spectrum of
      excreted catecholamines. In patients with labile, malignant and renovascular
      hypertension and in pheochromcytoma the higher mean excretion of NA and the low
      DA/NA ratio was accompanied by the higher PRA in comparison with fixed benign
      essential hypertension. On the other hand, in hypertension with low PRA
      (essential hypertension with suppressed renin and Conn's syndrome) a low
      excretion of NA and high DA/NA ratio was found. There was a significant, if not
      even very close negative correlation between the PRA and DA/NA ratios both in
      recumbent and upright position. The rise of PRA on standing up was followed by an
      increased excretion of NA while the excretion of DA did not change or decreased.
      Hence the DA/NA ratio when standing up showed a decreasing tendency as compared
      with values when lying down. Application of the beta-blocker Inderal decreased
      the PRA and the blood pressure not only in juvenile hypertensive patients with
      hyperkinetic circulation but also in the early phases of renovascular
      hypertension. It thus appears that endogenous catecholamines, first of all the
      ratio between the renin-inhibiting DA and the renin-stimulating NA, participate
      as one of several factors in the regulation of secretion and of the plasma levels
      of renin not only in juvenile hypertensive patients with hyperkinetic circulation
      but also in other types of hypertension.

PMID- 976209
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis.
AB  - In 428 non selected diabetics, the authors determined the metacarpus index of
      Barnett-Nordin. Upon comparing the data with those of the control group it was
      shown that opposite to most references one has not to reckon in diabetes with the
      development of porosis and also that the decrease of the calcium content
      concomitant with age, respectively, does not significantly differ from that of
      the control group. Spontaneous vertebral compression occurred more rarely in
      diabetics than would have been expected on the basis of the literary data. The
      relation was examined between the type of diabetes, the time of its persisting
      and osteoporosis. The difference in the observations--compared to the previous
      ones - is, by the authors, assigned to the fact that nowadays no such lasting and
      severe metabolic disturbances develop in diabetics that would lead to rare
      faction of the bony system and also that hormonal factors can become effective
      against the development of osteoporosis.

PMID- 976210
TI  - Clinical and metabolic studies in children of diabetic-mothers.
AB  - Children of diabetic mothers are a high-risk group. The perinatal mortality and
      the malformation frequency of the newborns as well as the psychosomatic, somatic
      and speech development during childhood until the age of 15 were statistically
      significantly influenced by quality of metabolic compensation, toxaemia and
      urinary tract infections during pregnancy. To evaluate the diabetogenic risk in
      children of diabetic mothers metabolic follow-up studies were performed. A
      statistically significant insulin-high-response without disturbed carbohydrate
      tolerance was seen in 25% after intravenous glucose infusion and in 28% after
      oral glucose load. 17% exhibited a paradoxical growth hormone reaction, while the
      intravenous glucose tolerance and the insulin secretion was in the normal range.
      Both symptoms could be early diabetic signs in children of diabetic mothers. The
      oGTT had pathological results in 18% and the glucose infusion test in 8%.

PMID- 976211
TI  - Liver phospholipid distribution in hypophysectomized catfish, Clarias batrachus
      and Heteropneustes fossilis.
AB  - The percentage of certain phospholipid fractions such as phosphatylcholine,
      phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol was more in the liver of Clarias
      batrachus than that of the corresponding fractions in Heteropneustes fossilis.
      Hypophysectomy in both the species resulted in an increase in
      phosphatidylcholine, but reduction in other fractions. The phosphatidylinositol
      however, remained unchanged in C. batrachus, but it disappeared in H. fossilis as
      a result of hypophysectomy.

PMID- 976212
TI  - Insulin resistant diabetes mellitus without the presence of insulin antibodies. A
      case report.
AB  - A case of a 26-year old woman suffering from an insulin resistant diabetes
      mellitus for 14 years is described. Acanthosis nigricans was diagnosed in the
      patient's second year and the syndrome of Stein-Leventhal at the age of 15.
      Diabetes could not be properly controlled either with the daily dosis of insulin
      as high as 1140 U or with peroral tolbutamide. Fasting serum IRI concentrations
      were elevated, the secretoric response to the stimulation by glucose or
      tolbutamide was substantial and protracted. The hypoglycemic response to the i.v.
      application of commercial insulin was insignificant. Serum growth hormone levels
      were normal. No presence of insulin antibodies in the serum was detected.

PMID- 976213
TI  - Opposite effects of spironolactone and amiloride on potassium excretion in a
      patient with ascites due to liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Potassium excretion was enhanced by spironolactone and it was inhibited by
      amiloride in a patient with ascites. One drug's effect was counteracted by the
      other when they were used in combination. Individual variation in the sites of
      action of antikaluretic drugs might be a possible explanation for the
      unpredictable changes in potassium excretion induced by these agents.

PMID- 976214
TI  - Unsatisfactory aspects of the drug treatment of epilepsy.

PMID- 976215
TI  - Prevalence of epilepsy in children of Multnomah County, Oregon.
AB  - The prevalence of epilepsy among children in the third grade in Multnomah County,
      Oregon, was investigated by use of a questionnaire similar to that used by Rose
      et al. (1973). Of the 7,039 potential respondents, 5,317 (75.5%) responded to the
      questionnaire. A stratified random sample of 161 children was drawn from the
      respondents, and of these 129 (80%) underwent physical and EEG examinations. This
      replication of the study by Rose et al. (1973) yielded prevalence estimates which
      were somewhat lower than those reported by Rose et al. for Washington County,
      Maryland. Our findings suggest that the questionnaire method of estimating the
      prevalence of epilepsy has promise; further investigation of the method is in
      progress.

PMID- 976216
TI  - EEG and clinical studies of the development of alumina cream epileptic focus in
      split-brain cats.
AB  - Alumina cream epileptic focus was established in the right sensorimotor cortex in
      20 split-brain cats (partial or complete). EEG and behavioral observations were
      made in a period ranging from 24 to 836 days. Four types of EEG changes after
      alumina cream injection were differentiated. These types could be related to the
      direct effects of brain damage and to development of epilepsy. Spikes and sharp
      waves and paroxysmal discharges (focal and multifocal) were observed in about 60%
      of the cats. Clinical seizures developed in about the same percentage of the
      animals. These values are below those reported for cats with intact
      interhemispheric commissures. Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) was given orally in a daily
      dose of up to 15 mg/kg body weight in 9 animals with developed epileptic EEG
      activity. Five of them had epileptic seizures. DPH was introduced not earlier
      than 1.5 months after intracortical alumina cream injection. The plasma level of
      DPH varied between 7-20 mug/ml. This dose produced chronic symptoms of
      intoxication. Neither EEG changes nor clinical seizures were entirely controlled
      by this drug. Additional doses of Relanium (diazepam), and phenobarbital were
      necessary to stop generalized seizures or status epilepticus.

PMID- 976217
TI  - Effects of drugs modifying brain levels of catecholamines on photically induced
      epilepsy in Papio papio.
AB  - The behavioral and electrographic effects of DL-amphetamine, disulfiram, FLA-63,
      and propranolol on the photically induced epilepsy of the Senegalese baboon were
      evaluated. Amphetamine produced somatic hypokinesia with enhancement of eye
      movements, diminution of spontaneous paroxysmal activity, and little change in
      photosensitivity. The acute effects of disulfiram and FLA-63 were poor, but the
      latter was lethal in the days following administration. Propranolol showed no
      consistent effects. Participation of catecholamine processes in this type of
      experimental reflex epilepsy are discussed.

PMID- 976218
TI  - A teachers' questionnaire description of epileptic children.
AB  - A teachers' questionnaire was completed for 120 children from normal schools,
      half of whom suffered from epilepsy. The rate of perceived disturbance among the
      30 epileptic children who, for a variety of reasons, had been admitted to a
      neuropsychiatric hospital was as high as that of a matched group of psychiatric
      inpatients. The other epileptic children were seen to exhibit significantly more
      signs of disturbance than their normal school controls with whom they had been
      matched for behavior. The two epileptic groups shared certain behavioral
      characteristics. These did not fit into typical "neurotic" or "antisocial"
      patterns and may relate to cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 976219
TI  - Phenytoin-induced depression of salivary IgA and gingival hyperplasia.
AB  - IgA concentrations were determined in saliva from epileptic patients taking
      phenytoin and in saliva from healthy controls, by single radial immunodiffusion
      technique. Mean salivary IgA in epileptic children was 7.23 mg/ml; in healthy
      children, 16.44 mg/ml. Corresponding values for adults were 13.53 and 19.48
      mg/ml, respectively. In 14 out of 84 samples, salivary IgA levels were too low
      for quantitative analysis. Salivary IgA levels were normal in untreated patients
      and fell during treatment with phenytoin. Gingival inflammation was commonly
      accompanied by an increase of salivary IgG and serum-derived IgA, whereas
      compensatory increase of IgM was infrequent. Phenytoin-induced deficiency of
      salivary IgA can result in increased susceptibility to gingival inflammation,
      which is considered one of the predisposing factors for subsequent development of
      gingival hyperplasia.

PMID- 976220
TI  - Differences between patients with temporal lobe seizures and those with other
      forms of epileptic attacks.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients with temporal lobe type seizures were precisely matched
      for age, sex, and Wechsler I.Q. levels with patients suffering from other seizure
      types. Statistically significant differences were established between the groups
      in regard to treatment response, etiologies, and behavioral variables. Further
      analysis of the data showed that the behavioral problems of the temporal lobe
      patients were present only in that group that suffered from more than one seizure
      type. That temporal lobe epilepsy group having only one seizure type differed
      from the controls with one seizure type in regard to etiological factors; they
      actually showed better performance on certain subscales of the WAIS, as well as
      better employment records. The clinical impression of the temporal lobe epilepsy
      patient usually presenting more difficulties than other patients with epilepsy
      results from the fact that the temporal lobe patients have, in the overwhelming
      majority of instances, more than one seizure type.

PMID- 976221
TI  - Conclusions: computerized transverse axial tomography in epilepsy.

PMID- 976222
TI  - Insect growth regulators and insect control: a critical appraisal.
AB  - Insect growth regulators (IGRs) of the juvenile hormone type alter physiological
      processes essential to insect development and appear to act specifically on
      insects. Three natural juvenile hormones have been found in insects but not in
      other organisms. Future use of antagonists or inhibitors of hormone synthesis may
      be technically possible as an advantageous extension of pest control by IGRs. A
      documented survey of the properties, metabolism, toxicology, and uses of the most
      commercially advanced chemical, methoprene, shows it to be environmentally
      acceptable and toxicologically innocuous. Derivation of its current use patterns
      is discussed and limitations on these are noted. Residue levels and their
      measurement in the ppb region have allowed exemption from the requirement of
      tolerances in the EPA registered use of methoprene for mosquito control.
      Tolerances for foods accompany its fully approved use for control of manure
      breeding flies through a cattle feed supplement. The human health effects of
      using this chemical appear to be purely beneficial, but further advances through
      new IGR chemicals appear unlikely without major changes in regulatory and
      legislative policy.

PMID- 976223
TI  - Public health advantages of biological insect controls.
AB  - Biological control is not new, it is simply newly appreciated. This renewed
      appreciation stems from the widespread insecticide treadmill which is largely a
      product of insecticide disruption of the balance of insect communities.
      Biological control is a natural phenomenon; the regulation of plant and animal
      numbers by natural enemies. In this broad sense, biological control is vital to
      public health because it keeps the myriad insect species from out-competing us.
      It also has direct public health advantages as where natural enemies are
      manipulated to control disease vectoring insects. Insecticide distruption of
      biological control by insecticides and the resulting pesticide treadmill have
      serious public health implications. One is the increased pesticide load in the
      environment. The other is the acceleration of pesticide resistance in disease
      vectoring insects. The treadmill and its associated hazards will not abate so
      long as chemical control dominates our pest management strategy.

PMID- 976224
TI  - Integrated pest management.
AB  - Integrated pest management, in which the conventional pesticides are augmented by
      one or more nonchemical control practices, has been receiving renewed interest.
      What is new in this revitalization of an old technique is the careful and more
      knowledgeable application of a variety of control techniques.

PMID- 976225
TI  - Health-related aspects of integrated pest management.
AB  - Basic concepts and philosophy of integrated pest management are presented in
      order to dispel several misconceptions and to provide the necessary background
      information for discussion of its relationship to the health-related effects of
      pesticide use. Implications for human health of current pesticide practices in
      Central America are examined to illustrate major problems associated with the
      injudicious use of insecticides, i.e., human pesticide poisonings, development of
      insect resistance, and persistence in the environment. Mitigation of these
      problems would ideally be achieved through the efforts and cooperation of a
      multidisciplinary team of scientists and technical people in the medical and
      agricultural sciences. The dilemma associated with the development of integrated
      pest control systems in developing countries is discussed. The FAO/UNEP Global
      Programme was reviewed.

PMID- 976226
TI  - Organotin compounds and their use for insect and mite control.
AB  - A brief overview of biological activity of organotin compounds is given, with
      emphasis on activity against plant-feeding arthropods. Plictran miticide,
      containing cyhexatin (tricyclohexylhydroxystannane), the first product to be
      fully commercialized for control of plant-feeding mites on a broad range of
      agricultural crops, is used as a model to indicate the chemistry and potential
      performance, phytotoxicity, residues, limitations on usage, environmental
      acceptability, and use patterns for products containing similar organotin
      compounds.

PMID- 976227
TI  - Biochemical and physiological effects of chlordimeform.
AB  - Chlordimeform is a relatively new acaricide/insecticide, whose mode of action we
      have investigated. It appears to interfere with amine-mediated control of nervous
      and endocrine systems in a variety of ways. Specifically, chlordimeform causes a
      build-up of the amines 5-hydroxytryptamine and to a lesser extent norepinephrine
      in the rat brain in vivo, antagonizes the in vivo action of reserpine in the rat
      (reserpine depletes amine stores in the CNS), inhibits monoamine oxidase from rat
      liver in vitro, and causes hypotension in rabbits. In the American cockroach it
      directly stimulates the heart in situ, acts synergistically with tryptamine in
      vivo, inhibits amine-N-acetyltransferase from cockroach head in vitro, causes
      accumulation of indolamines in cockroaches in vivo, and blocks the stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase by octopamine in the cockroach CNS in situ. It also inhibits
      tryptamine metabolism in whole mites in vitro.

PMID- 976228
TI  - The husbandry and veterinary care of wild horses in captivity.
AB  - A short account of the natural history of the wild Equidae is given as a
      background to their management in captivity. In general the approach to their
      husbandry and veterinary care is similar to that for the domestic horse. A
      mixture of etorphine and acepromazine has been found to be the most effective for
      handling and conventional methods of anaesthesia can be safely superimposed on
      these if required. The data collected at Whipsnade on the haematology and
      biochemistry of these species is summarised in tabular form and an analysis is
      included of the post-mortem examinations of 105 equine carcases from the
      Society's collection.

PMID- 976229
TI  - Percutaneous needle muscle biopsy in the horse.
AB  - The use of the technique of percutaneous needle biopsy in obtaining skeletal
      muscle samples in the horse is described. The biochemical, ultrastructural and
      histochemical investigations that can be carried out on this biopsy specimen are
      outlined. Analyses performed on the specimen may be used to obtain information on
      racing potential and state of fitness. These studies on normal horses will
      provide information for future investigations into the structural and biochemical
      alterations in muscle disorders in the equine.

PMID- 976230
TI  - Congenital deformities in two Clydesdale foals.
AB  - The deformities observed in 2 Clydesdale foals are described. Both had abnormal
      joint positions in the forelimbs and discrepancies in the symmetry of the
      vertebral column. The changes were only mild in one case but extreme in the other
      where it was accompanied by torticollis, scoliosis and vertebral fusion. A
      comparison is made with deformities described in the contracted foal syndrome and
      some of the developmental implications discussed.

PMID- 976231
TI  - An investigation into the genetics of 'wobbler disease' in thoroughbred horses in
      Britain.
AB  - Sixty-seven TB horses in Britain suffering from clinical wobbler disease were
      divided into 5 groups, based on the presence or absence of pathological lesions
      and their nature. These groups were compared genetically with a control group of
      67 TBs known not to exhibit signs of wobbling. Though analysed for both simple
      and complex modes of inheritance no evidence of a genetic basis was found in any
      group. The high breed incidence in TBs may be real or apparent. Considerably more
      male than female wobblers are reported. Other forms of possibly inherited ataxia
      in equidae are reviewed and reference is made to pathologically comparable
      conditions occurring in man and in the large breeds of dogs.

PMID- 976232
TI  - Successful repair of a diaphragmatic hernia in a foal.
AB  - The diagnosis and successful surgical treatment of a diaphragmatic hernia in a 12
      weeks old standardbred foal are described. The clinical syndrome in horses
      generally is contrasted with that seen in the foal described in this paper. Some
      of the factors contributing to the clinical signs are discussed.

PMID- 976233
TI  - The use of Dopram as a respiratory stimulant following Immobilon in the pony.
AB  - The effects of the analeptic agent, Dopram (doxapram hydrochloride) were
      investigated in 2 ponies during Immobilon - induced neuroleptanalgesia. Although
      Dopram was demonstrated to exert a degree of respiratory stimulation, this was
      concluded to provide no overall advantage. The etorphine-induced hypoxic hypoxia
      was only partially reversed, and there was additional cardiovascular stimulation,
      in contrast to the previously reported tendency for arterial blood pressure to
      return towards conscious control values during the course of action of Immobilon.

PMID- 976234
TI  - An interventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and bicuspid pulmonary
      valve in a Welsh pony foal.
AB  - A 6 month Welsh pony filly with an interventricular septal defect in conjunction
      with a pulmonary stenosis due to a bicuspid pulmonary valve is described. The
      animal had poor exercise tolerance, a loud pansystolic murmur and a precordial
      thrill. Blood pressure and oxygen tension values obtained during cardiac
      catheterization suggested the diagnosis which was confirmed at autopsy.

PMID- 976235
TI  - Ergonomics: where have we been and where are we going: I.

PMID- 976236
TI  - Ergonomics: where have we been and where are we going: II.

PMID- 976237
TI  - Ergonomics: where have we been and where are we going: IV.

PMID- 976238
TI  - Ergonomics and the consumer.

PMID- 976239
TI  - Hours of work and shiftwork.

PMID- 976240
TI  - Muscular reaction to welding work: an electromyographic investigation.

PMID- 976241
TI  - The effect of inspired carbon dioxide on subjective estimates of exertion during
      exercise.

PMID- 976242
TI  - Drug effects on heart rate and heart rate variability during a prolonged reaction
      task.

PMID- 976243
TI  - Visibility of traffic control devices: catering for the real observer.

PMID- 976244
TI  - Ascites due to tuberculous peritonitis.

PMID- 976245
TI  - Suppurative arthritis of the hip in children.

PMID- 976246
TI  - Investigations into the control of schistosomiasis at the HVA Wonji-Shoa sugar
      estates in Ethiopia. 1. Initiation of the project.

PMID- 976247
TI  - A survey for Wuchereria bancrofti in Ethiopia.

PMID- 976248
TI  - Onchocerciasis in Gemu Gofa: an anthropological and ecological survey.

PMID- 976249
TI  - Analysis of admissions to Gondar Hospital in North-Western Ethiopia, 1971 - 1972.

PMID- 976250
TI  - Case report: typhoid endocarditis.

PMID- 976251
TI  - Succinate accumulation in man during exercise.
AB  - It has been demonstrated in several diving vertebrates that succinate, a
      component of the Krebs cycle, accumulates in blood during breath-hold dives. The
      production of succinate is thought to result from amino acid catabolism. Our
      purpose was to determine whether succinate accumulation occurs in man during
      muscular activity requiring anaerobic energy contribution. Experiments using an
      endurance athlete included apneic work on an underwater ergometer and treadmill
      running to exhaustion. During 1 min breath-hold "dives" in cold water while
      exercising at a work rate equivalent to 62% of VO2max, venous succinate increased
      from 42 mumoles/l (M X 10(-6)) at rest to 125 M X 10(-6). The treadmill run
      elicited VO2max and increased succinate from a similar resting value to 93 M X
      10(-6). Increases in alanine, lactate, and pyruvate were observed for both types
      of exercise. The findings confirm that succinate accumulation also occurs in man.
      It was suggested that amino acid catabolism may provide a source of anaerobic
      energy production in addition to glycolysis. However, the importance of the
      proposed energy pathway remains to be quantified.

PMID- 976252
TI  - Effects of an anabolic steroid and sprint training on selected histochemical and
      morphological observations in rat skeletal muscle types.
AB  - The effects on selected histochemical and morphological parameters of anabolic
      steroid administration and of high-intensity sprint running, separately, and in
      combination, were studied in young adult male rats. Dianabol (methandrostenolone)
      1 mg/day for 8 weeks had no significant effects on phosphorylase or glycogen
      staining intensities and on fiber area in skeletal muscles of either trained or
      sedentary animals. The program of sprint training resulted in significantly
      decreased intensities of phosphorylase in all ten regions of the gastrocnemius,
      plantaris, and soleus muscles that were studied. Glycogen localization was
      significantly increased with training in five regions of the gastrocnemius and
      plantaris muscles which contained predominantly fast-switch fibers. No changes in
      fiber area occurred with the training program. We conclude from these results
      that (a) normal androgen levels in young, healthy male animals are sufficiently
      high so that the intake of large doses of anabolic steroid does not result in the
      stimulation of glycogen metabolism or hypertrophy of skeletal muscle; (b) the
      changes induced by high-intensity, short-duration sprint training suggest that
      the existing glycolytic capacity of muscle is adequate to supply the muscles
      energy needs even during the stress of very strenous exercise, and that more fast
      twitch fibers were recruited by the exercise regimen than slow-twitch fibers.

PMID- 976253
TI  - Metabolic changes during exercise testing of patients with ischaemic heart
      disease.
AB  - Nineteen patients who had recovered from a mild to moderately severe myocardial
      infraction 6--18 months previously were studied in order to investigate the
      relationship between the severity of myocardial insufficiency and metabolic
      changes developing during and after exercise. The patients were compared with six
      controls by means of a graded exercise test on a treadmill. Electrocardiographic
      records were made and blood pressure measured during and after the exercise and
      venous blood samples were taken for measurement of lactate, pyruvate, glycerol
      and free fatty acids. In five patients with moderate or advanced ischaemic
      electrocardiograph changes the blood lactate and pyruvate mean concentrations
      continued to rise up to a further 50% after they stopped exercising. The other
      patients, including some who developed symptoms suggestive of myocardial
      ischaemia, and all the controls, failed to show these marked increases in blood
      concentrations after the exercise. We conclude that the development of myocardial
      insufficiency during exercise is associated with marked increases in lactate and
      pyruvate concentrations in the peripheral blood particularly after the exercise
      has ceased.

PMID- 976254
TI  - Effect of physical fitness on vanillylmandelic acid excretion during immersion.
AB  - The effects of 4--6 h head-out immersion on excretion of vanillylmandelic acid
      (VMA), blood pressure and plasma volume were estimated in 8 endurance-trained
      (TR) and 8 untrained (UT) subjects. In the trained only a slight increase of VMA
      excretion occurred (4 h value: +2.7 +/- 10.9 ng/ml GFR), but there was a highly
      significant increase in the UT (+29.0 +/- 17.2 ng/ml GFR). VMA values during
      control experiments in supine position tended to decrease in both groups.
      Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell by 20 mm Hg after beginning of
      immersion; in the UT plasma volume was reduced while it remained constant in TR.
      The results indicate that orthostatic intolerance (o.i.) after immersion is not
      effected by decreased sympathetic innervation of vessels; in contrast it seems to
      be partly compensated for by an elevated sympathetic activity at least in the UT.
      As a main cause for the post-immersion o.i. one might suggest a decrease in renin
      activity.

PMID- 976255
TI  - Age-changes of the force-frequency-relationship and the duration of action
      potential of isolated papillary muscles of guinea pig.
AB  - The force-frequency-relationship and the duration of the action potential
      recorded intracellularly were compared on isolated isometrically arranged
      papillary muscles of young (3--4 months old) and senile (36--40 months old)
      guinea pigs. The muscles were in Krebs-Henseleit-solution at 37 degrees C
      electrically stimulated with frequencies between 30 and 420 imp./min. The
      following results were obtained: 1. The isolated papillary muscles of the two
      groups are almost similar with respect to length, weight and cross-sectional are.
      2. In the range of stimulation rate from 30--420 imp./min the duration of action
      potential in the senile group was 120--135% of that in the young group. 3. The
      shape of slow repolarization of action potential was steeper in the senile group.
      4. The time to peak tension and the relaxation time were longer in the senile
      group. 5. The maximally developed tension was the same in both groups, but in the
      senile group it was reached at a stimulation rate of 120 imp./min whereas in the
      young group, the optimal frequency was 290 imp./min. 6. The greatest value for
      the maximal rate of tension rise was 2.4 times smaller in the senile group. The
      results are discussed in relation to the age dependent intensity of membrane
      currents and to a possible altered activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 976256
TI  - Effect of training on the resting heart rate of rats.
AB  - Adult male rats were progressively trained 5 days/weeks on a motor-driven
      treadmill. The training period lasted 12 weeks and consisted of 60 min/day of
      wind-sprints and endurance work. No significant difference in resting heart rates
      was observed between the control and exercise groups during week 1 (394 +/- 7 vs.
      388 +/- 5). However, at week 12 the exercise group had a lower resting heart rate
      (359 +/- 6 vs. 331 +/- 4). Heart rates observed following saline, propranolol,
      atropine, and propranolol plus atropine injections were lower in the exercise
      group in all cases. The difference in heart rates between the control and
      exercise groups was 19 beats/min following propranolol plus atropine which was
      less than the 28 beats/min difference observed under control conditions. With
      atropine and then with propranolol the differences were 33 and 27 beats/min.
      These heart rate differences were observed without the presence of cardiac
      hypertrophy as assesssed from ventricle weights. Our data indicate that the
      bradycardia resulting from exercise training is due primarily to changes other
      than neural influences on the heart.

PMID- 976257
TI  - Prolonged exercise in prepubertal boys. I. Cardiovascular and metabolic
      adjustment.
AB  - The circulatory and metabolic changes during prolonged exercise (60 min) were
      studied in a group of 10 healthy prepubertal boys. The boys worked on the
      treadmill and on the bicycle ergometer at two levels of load, namely at oxygen
      uptakes of 36--39%, and 60% of the respective VO2 max for both types of exercise.
      The identical relative work loads represent higher metabolic rate at the
      treadmill exercise. The rectal temperature was higher after exercises on
      treadmill than on bicycle. The heart rate increase during prolonged exercise was
      lower in boys than in adults in both types of exercise. Better cardiovascular
      adjustment is suggested. The blood lactate increase was negligible in the initial
      phase of exercise with subsequent removal from the blood during extended
      exercise, which was more pronounced at the treadmill exercises. The increasing
      blood free glycerol concentration indicates similar fat share on energy release
      in children as in adults. No biological handicap could be found for prolonged
      exercise in children. The preference of short-time exercises in children lies
      probably in the psychological sphere.

PMID- 976258
TI  - Prolonged exercise in prepubertal boys. II. Changes in plasma volume and in some
      blood constituents.
AB  - A group of 10 prepubertal boys was studied during prolonged exercise (60 min) on
      bicycle ergometer and on treadmill at two levels of work load (appr. 40% and 60%
      VO2 max). The hematocrit, serum proteins, Cl- and K+ were followed, and from the
      blood hematocrit changes the plasma volume changes were calculated. At the
      exercises of lower intensity of both types a slight hemodilution was found (appr.
      +5% increase in plasma volume), at higher intensity practically no changes could
      be demonstrated. These findings are supported by the values of serum protein
      concentration, where no increase was found, and by the fact that at the lower
      work loads a rather decreasing trend was found for this blood constituent. These
      findings are at variance with those in adults under similar conditions. The
      authors suggest that different changes of plasma volume during exercise in boys
      than in adults could be related to the disparate lactate production and fate in
      these age groups.

PMID- 976259
TI  - Purification and properties of L-4-hydroxymandelate oxidase from Pseudomonas
      convexa.
AB  - An inducible membrane-bound L-4-hydroxymandelate oxidase (decarboxylating) from
      Pseudomonas convexa has been solubilized and partially purified. It catalyzes the
      conversion of L-4-hydroxymandelic acid to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in a single step
      with the stoichiometric consumption of O2 and liberation of CO2. The enzyme is
      optimally active at pH 6.6 and at 55 degrees C. It requires FAD and Mn2+ for its
      activity. The membrane-bound enzyme is more stable than the solubilized and
      purified enzyme. After solubilization it gradually loses its activity when kept
      at 5 degrees C which can be fully reactivated by freezing and thawing. The Km
      values for DL-4-hydroxymandelate and FAD are 0.44 mM and 0.038 mM respectively.
      The enzyme is highly specific for DL-4-hydroxymandelic acid. DL-3,4
      Dihydroxymandelic acid competitively inhibited the enzyme reaction. From the
      Dixon plot the Ki for DL-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid was calculated to be 1.8 X
      10(-4) M. The enzyme is completely inactivated by thiol compounds and not
      affected by thiol inhibitors. The enzyme is also inhibited by denaturing agents,
      heavy metal ions and by chelating agents.

PMID- 976260
TI  - Gel isoelectric focusing of human-serum transferrin.
AB  - Analysis of human serum transferrin on gel isoelectric focusing resolved this
      iron-transport protein into two iron-containing components which were identified
      by the use of radioactively labelled iron and iron-specific stain. These two
      components were found to be monoferric transferrin (Fe-transferrin) and diferric
      transferrin (Fe2-transferrin) with isoelectric points of 5.6 and 5.2
      respectively. The estimation of the relative proportions of these two components
      in serum did not correspond to the calculated theoretical ratio based on random
      binding of iron to the two binding sites of transferrin. However, the analysis of
      partially resatured apotransferrin gave a ratio corresponding to a random
      distribution of iron. The significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 976261
TI  - Initiation of the polypeptide chain by reticulocyte cell-free systems. Survey of
      different inhibitors of translation.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of inhibitors that block the
      initiation of protein synthesis in mammalian systems, we have studied the
      following steps: (a) formation of the ternary complex Met-tRNAr-IF-E2-GTP, (b)
      binding of the initiator Met-tRNAf to the 40-S ribosomal subunit in the presence
      of initiation factors and dependent or not on the addition of mRNA, (c) formation
      of the initiation complex with 80-S ribosomes and (d) formation of the first
      peptide bond. Adrenochrome, aurintricarboxylic acid, polydextran sulphate,
      pyrochatechol violet and showdomycin block the formation of the ternary complex
      Met-tRNAf-IF-E2-GTP. Edeine A1, aurintricarboxylic acid and polydextran sulphate
      block the binding of the mRNA to the 40-S ribosomal subunit. Pactamycin induces
      the formation of stable smaller initiation complexes which are unable to go
      through the subsequent steps of initiation. Stimulation of the binding of the
      initiator Met-tRNAf to the 80-S ribosome in the presence of initiation factors is
      observed with sparsomycin and antibiotics of the sesquiterpene family (verrucarin
      A, trichodermin and trichothecin). However, these antibiotics block the reaction
      of the bound Met-tRNAf with puromycin. Narciclasine has no effect on the binding
      of the initiator to the ribosome but strongly blocks its reaction with puromycin.
      We have developed a simple technique to detect the Met-tRNAf-40-S-subunit-poly(A,
      G, U) initiation complexes by chromatography on Sepharose 6B columns. The
      requirements for the formation of such complexes measured by this technique and
      its comparison with the sucrose gradient centrifugation method are described.

PMID- 976262
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of Chromatium vinosum.
AB  - Lipolysaccharide was isolated from Chromatium vinosum by phenol/water extraction.
      The lipopolysaccharide is found exclusively in the phenol phase and can be
      cleaved into a sugar moiety and a lipid A fraction by hydrolysis in 10% acetic
      acid at 100 degrees C for 3-4 h. The sugar moiety contains the neutral sugars 3-O
      methyl-D-ribose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, mannosamine and glucose, and smaller
      quantities of D-rhamnose, D-glycero-D-manno-heptose (tentatively identified),
      quinovosamine and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate. L-glycero-D-manno-heptose was not
      detected. The 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate linkage in C. vinosum lipopolysaccharide is
      more resistant to acid hydrolysis than that of Escherichia coli. The lipid A
      fraction contains glucosamine, mannose and the fatty acids of the
      lipopolysaccharide. The major fatty acid is beta-hydroxymyristic acid, with
      smaller amounts of lauric and palmitic acids as well as 14-carbon mono
      unsaturated fatty acid, also being present. The phosphorus content of the C.
      vinosum lipopolysaccharide was found to be approximately 0.1%. Erythrocytes
      sensitized with alkali-treated C. vinosum lipopolysaccharide were agglutinated by
      antisera prepared against heat-killed cells. Untreated or heat-treated
      lipopolysaccharide did not sensitize erythrocytes. The lethal toxicity to mice of
      the C. vinosum lipopolysaccharide is about one-tenth as that from Salmonella
      abortus equi.

PMID- 976263
TI  - Affinity labelling of the estradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase from human placenta
      with substrate analogs.
AB  - Affinity labelling of the estradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase of human placenta has
      been performed using derivatives of estradiol-17 beta carrying alkylating groups
      in nine different positions on the steroid nucleus. The active-site-directed
      character of the inhibition is confirmed by the following observations: the
      affinity labels are substrates or competitive inhibitors, the enzyme is protected
      against inactivation and alkylation by the substrate and by the coenzyme, the
      stoichiometry of the alkylation is two moles of inhibitor per 68 000 g of enzyme
      (dimer). The alkylation of a histidine residue which is fast and extensive when
      the alkylation side chain is on the C-3 carbon atom, is dramatically decreased
      when alkylating side chain is shifted towards rings B and D. These results allow
      the location of this histidine in the vicinity of ring A and probably on the beta
      face of the steroid nucleus. The reactivity of a cysteine located on the active
      site was quite different, showing increasing alkylation when the alkylating
      substituent of the affinity labels was shifted from C-3 to C-16 of the steroid
      nucleus. The correlation of this result and that obtained using an alkylating
      analog of NAD (3-chloroacetyl-pyridine-adenine dinucleotide) indicates that this
      cysteine is located in the catalytic region of the active site, at the junction
      of the ring D of the steroid nucleus with the nicotinamide moiety of the
      coenzyme.

PMID- 976264
TI  - Role of GTP in eukaryotic polypeptide-chain initiation. Purification and
      properties of a factor from Artemia salina embryos which interacts with initiator
      transfer RNA and guanine nucleotides.
AB  - 1. A factor, which makes a ternary complex with GTP and eukaryotic initiator tRNA
      (Met-tRNAi), has been purified 100-fold from developed cysts of Artemia salina.
      Some of the properties of the purified factor have been studied. 2. Mg2+ appears
      to inhibit ternary complex formation. 3. Little or no ternary complex is formed
      when 5 muM GTP is replaced by an identical concentration of UTP, CTP or ATP. The
      analog, guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imino)triphosphate [GMP-P(NHP)] seems to be a
      much better substitute for GTP than guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma
      methylene)triphosphate [GMP-P(CH2)P]. Since GMP-P(NH)P is as effective as GTP in
      ternary complex formation, it would appear that GTP plays the role of an
      allosteric effector in this step of eukaryotic polypeptide chain initiation. 4.
      GDP inhibits both the rate and extent of ternary complex formation. The
      inhibition is largely reversed by adding a 5-fold molar excess of GTP over GDP.
      DGDP is slightly less inhibitory than GDP. UDP and CDP are much less inhibitory
      than GDP and very little inhibition is obtained with ADP. 5. The preformed
      ternary complex is rapidly and completely destroyed in the presence of N
      ethylmaleimide. The results suggest that free--SH groups of the factor may be
      essential for maintaining the integrity of the ternary complex.

PMID- 976265
TI  - Effects of thyroid hormone deficiency on the distribution of hepatic metabolites
      and control of pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in liver and adipose tissue of
      the rat.
AB  - 1. Measurements have been made of the hepatic metabolites in normal and
      thyroidectomized rats and enzymes of the glycolytic route, the pentose phosphate
      pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and lipogenesis together with the flux of
      glucose through alternative pathways of glucose metabolism and into lipid. 2.
      There is a significant fall in the content of ADP, AMP, citrate, long-chain acyl
      CoA derivatives and a rise of 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate and
      phosphoenolpyruvate following thyroidectomy. The observed changes in the
      glycolytic intermediates may be correlated with the increased activity of
      phosphofructokinase relative to pyruvate kinase and fructose bisphosphatase. 3.
      The NAD+/NADH quotient of the mitochondrial compartment, calculated from the
      reactants and Keq of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, becomes significantly more
      oxidized in hypothyroid animals. The redox state of the cytosolic NAD and NADP
      couples remains relatively unchanged. 4. The changes in the hepatic content of
      CoA derivatives and citrate and in the mitochondrial redox state are interpreted
      as indicating a depressed rate of lipid oxidation. 5. Calculations of the
      compartmentation of metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondria indicate a
      very marked decrease in mitochondrial citrate, 2-oxoglutarate and glutamate with
      smaller changes in aspartate and malate. These changes are interpreted as
      providing evidence for the importance of modifications in the malate-aspartate
      shuttle in hypothyroidism; this is further supported by measured changes in the
      distribution and activities of the component enzymes of the hydrogen shuttles. 6.
      There is a diminished activity of glucokinase and of enzymes of the glycolytic
      pathway below phosphofructokinase in livers from hypothyroid rats. The oxidative
      enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway, ATP-citrate lyase, 'malic' enzyme and
      fatty acid synthetase also decrease markedly. There is a striking parallelism
      between the changes of enzyme profile of liver and adipose tissue in
      hypothyroidism. 7. Adrenal glands from hypothyroid rats showed a generalized
      delcine in enzyme activity in parallel with the fall in tissue weight. Cytosolic
      glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased sharply. 8. The present results are
      discussed in relation to data in the literature on the increased activities of
      cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases in hypothyroidism, observations
      which integrate the relationships between anabolic and catabolic pathways of
      carbohydrate and lipid metabolism with alterations in hormone sensitivity in
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 976266
TI  - Globin messenger RNA from anaemic rabbit spleen. Size of its polyadenylate
      segment.
AB  - The size of the polyadenylate segment of globin messenger RNA isolated from
      spleens of anaemic rabbits was estimated by comparison of its electrophoretic
      migration in polyacrylamide gels to that of synthetic poly(A) segments of known
      lengths. Conditions of enzymic degradation of mRNA with pancreatic ribonuclease
      and T1 ribonuclease were carefully established in order to ensure complete
      degradation of the heteropolymeric part of mRNA without affecting the
      polyadenylate sequence. The poly (A) segments of spleen globin mRNA were found to
      be 25-90 nucleotides long whilst those of peripheral blood reticulocytes from the
      same animals were only 10-30 residues long. Since spleen contains young erythroid
      cells and since anucleated blood reticulocytes constitute a statistically older
      population of the same cell line, these results support the idea that the poly(A)
      segment of mRNA shortens when the message ages.

PMID- 976267
TI  - Purification of six neurotoxins from the venom of Dendroaspis viridis. Primary
      structure of two long toxins.
AB  - Six neurotoxins were purified from Dendroaspis viridis venom using gel filtration
      and equilibrium chromatography. The amino acid sequences of two of these
      neurotoxins (72 and 73 residues, five disulphide bridges) have been determined
      using almost exclusively automated Edman degradation. These two sequences are
      very similar: the only differences lies in the presence of one extra glycine at
      the C-terminal end of one of them. There is a good homology with the sequences of
      toxins now isolated from other Elapidae and Hydrophidae venoms.

PMID- 976268
TI  - Taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the
      australian snake taipan (Oxyuranus s. scutellatus). Isolation, characterization,
      quaternary structure and pharmacological properties.
AB  - Taipoxin (taipan toxin), purified from the venom of the Australian taipan
      (Oxyuranus s. scutellatus) by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 followed by column
      zone electrophoresis, is the most lethal neurotoxin yet isolated from any snake
      venom. The LD50 is 2 mug/kg in the mouse. The main physiological effect is a
      gradual reduction to complete stop of evoked and spontaneous release of
      acetylcholine from motor nerve terminals. Intoxicated animals die of asphyxia
      caused by neuromuscular blockage of the respiratory muscles. Taipoxin is a
      moderately acidic sialo-glycoprotein (pI 5) with a molecular weight of 45 600 as
      calculated from composition data or 46 800 as determined by meniscus depletion
      sedimentation equilibrium. Taipoxin is a 1:1:1 ternary complex of subunits
      designated alpha, beta and gamma which dissociate completely at low pH and high
      ionic strength or in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The dissociation by guanidine
      at neutral pH is reversible, while the acid-induced dissociation is not . The
      alpha and beta components consist of 120 amino acid residues cross-linked by
      seven disulfide bridges, whereas the gamma component has 135 residues and eight
      disulfides. The very basic (pI Greater than 10) alpha component contains 13
      residues of arginine and is the only subunit displaying lethal neurotoxicity
      (mouse LD50 approximately 300 mug/kg). The neutral beta fraction was separated by
      ion-exchange chromatography into two iso-component, beta 1 and beta2, which
      differ slightly in amino acid composition. The very acidic gamma component
      contains all of the carbohydrate, which includes 4-5 residues of sialic aid. The
      three subunits are homologous in sequence although the gamma component is eight
      residues longer on the N-terminus and must also contain extra amino acids
      elsewhere.

PMID- 976269
TI  - The arrangement of 18-S and 28-S ribosomal ribonucleic acids within the 40-S
      precursor molecule of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The arrangement of 18-S rRNA and 28-S rRNA within their 40-S common precursor
      molecule (pre-rRNA) of Xenopus laevis was investigated by electron microscopic
      analysis of secondary structure of nascent pre-rRNA chains of oocytes, and by 5'
      end analysis of 18-S rRNA and 28-S rRNA hybridized to the EcoRI fragment of rDNA
      cloned as plasmid pCD42. Secondary structure mapping of phenol-extracted RNA from
      nucleolar cores revealed complete pre-rRNA chains or molecules at various stages
      of processing and pre-rRNA molecules apparently lacking one end. In this latter
      group, which was regarded as representing nascent chains, more than 90% of the
      molecules had no 28-S rRNA REGION. This shows that the 28-S rRNA sequence is
      transcribed after the 18-S rRNA region and hence must be located nearer to the 3'
      end of the pre-rRNA molecule. For 5' end-group determination [3H]uridine-labelled
      18-S rRNA and 28-S rRNA were hybridized, as fragments of about 200 nucleotides,
      to the plasmid pCD42 containing coding sequences for four-fifths of the 18-S rRNA
      sequence, the external transcribed spacer, the non-transcribed spacer and a tenth
      of the 28-S rRNA sequence. The RNA was recovered from the hybrids and analyzed
      for uridine 3',5'-bisphosphate (pUp) after alkaline hydrolysis. The pUp content
      of the hybridized 18-S rRNA fragments was 20-fold higher than in those of 28-S
      rRNA, THUS DEMONSTRATING THAT THE 5' END OF THE 18-S rRNA is located next to the
      external spacer region. From these results it is concluded that the 18-S rRNA is
      located close to the 5' end of the 40-S pre-rRNA molecule.

PMID- 976270
TI  - Acceleration of the reaction between thrombin and antithrombin III by non
      stoichiometric amounts of heparin.
AB  - The accelerating effect of heparin on the reaction between purified human
      antithrombin and thrombin has been investigated by measuring the amount of
      thrombin inactivated during a short incubation of the enzyme with the inhibitor
      in the presence and absence of non-stoichiometric amounts of heparin. It was
      demonstrated that one molecule of heparin was able to promote the binding of a
      large number of antithrombin molecules to thrombin. Thus heparin may affect the
      rate of the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin in a catalytic manner.

PMID- 976271
TI  - Molecular forms of Electrophorus acetylcholinesterase. Molecular weight and
      composition.
AB  - Molecular weights for the series of six Electrophorus acetylcholinesterase forms
      have been determined either by the sedimentation-diffusion equilibrium method or,
      particularly in the case of the very scarce G' and G inches forms, from their
      Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient values. Both methods are in excellent
      agreement. The results provide good evidence for the model previously proposed, G
      inches, G' and G containing one, two and four subunits, whereas A, C and D
      possess, in addition to respectively one, two and three tetrameric sets of such
      subunits, a structural element, the tail. Although the amino acid composition of
      'tailed' and globular forms did not reveal any significant feature of this
      element, its mass, about 100 000 daltons, could be deduced from a comparison of
      molecular weights for the two classes of acetylcholinesterase forms. This value
      is in close agreement with electron microscopic data. The tail is thought to
      consist of three 30 000-dalton strands.

PMID- 976272
TI  - Affinity chromatography of acetylcholinesterase. The importance of hydrophobic
      interactions.
AB  - An easily prepared affinity column for acetylcholinesterase is described, which
      may be operated at ionic strength high enough to prevent aggregation of the
      asymmetric forms of the enzyme. Specific elution by tetraethylammonium or
      decamethonium was quantitative. The performance of this column is comparable to
      that of the column described by Dudai and Silman. It is shown that the hexyl
      'spacer arm' strongly participates in the enzyme binding and that its replacement
      with the more hydrophilic spermine chain lowers the affinity. The hexyl chain
      itself is shown to bind acetylcholinesterase, although with lower affinity and
      capacity than the complete column. This binding is also partly reversed by
      inhibitors. Such hydrophobic columns bind the native asymmetric forms of the
      enzyme more strongly than the lytic globular ones. The aromatic quaternary ligang
      inhibits Electrophorus but not Torpedo acetylcholinesterase; therefore the column
      does not retain the Torpedo enzyme. Differences in Km between
      acetylcholinesterases of the two species also point to differences in their
      active sites.

PMID- 976273
TI  - Chemical modification of the tryptophan residues of wheat-germ agglutinin. Effect
      on fluorescence and saccharide-binding properties.
AB  - The oxidation of the tryptophan residues of wheat germ agglutinin by N
      bromosuccinimide was investigated under non-denaturing and denaturing conditions.
      All three tryptophan residues present in wheat germ agglutinin subunit (molecular
      weight 18 000) could be modified in 0.1 M acetic acid/8 M urea, pH 3.9. One of
      the residues failed, however, to react with N-bromosuccinimide when the
      modification was in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 6.0. Tryptophan fluorescence of the
      protein was quenched concomitantly with the oxidation of two tryptophan residues
      even when the modification was carried out in acetic acid urea. After oxidation
      of two tryptophan residues per subunit of wheat germ agglutinin, only 15% of the
      original tryptophan fluorescence remained; upon excitation at 280 nm, tyrosine
      fluorescence centered at 305 nm could be resolved. The results suggest that there
      are only two emitters in the protein and that the third tryptophan residue is
      buried in the native protein and can be modified only in acetic acid urea. This
      tryptophan residue is quenched in the native protein. Saturation of wheat germ
      agglutinin with tri-N-acetylchitotriose did not protect the tryptophan residues
      from oxidation by N-bromosuccinimide. Under these conditions, however, the
      reactivity of the tryptophan residues towards N-bromosuccinimide was reduced and
      a higher concentration of the reagent was required to achieve the same extent of
      oxidation as in the absence of the saccharide. Oxidation of one tryptophan
      residue per subunit in acetic acid urea led to almost complete loss (97%) of
      hemagglutinating activity, a 3.5-fold decrease in the affinity constant for tri-N
      acetylchitotriose and loss of ability of the subunits (SO20,w = 2.0 S) to
      reassociate to the native dimer (So20,w = 3.5 S) after dialysis against a non
      denaturing buffer. No significant changes in the circular dichroism spectrum of
      wheat germ agglutinin were observed after oxidation of the three tryptophan
      residues, suggesting that no gross conformational changes occurred. The steric
      relationships between the fluorescent tryptophan residues of wheat germ
      agglutinin and saccharides are discussed.

PMID- 976274
TI  - Nanosecond-pulse fluorimetry of wheat-germ agglutinin (lectin).
AB  - Nanosecond-pulse fluorimetry of wheat germ agglutinin is analyzed as a function
      of both excitation and emission wavelengths. When excited at 280 nm, wheat germ
      agglutinin fluorescence exhibited three lifetimes: one corresponding to the
      tyrosine residues as a whole and two others corresponding to the tryptophyl
      emission. The tyrosine contribution to the emission spectrum deduced from this
      method was in good agreement with that reported previously in steady-state
      fluorescence experiments [Privat, J.P. and Monsigny, M. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem.
      60, 555-567]. The fluorescence decay of each tryptophan residue was not a single
      exponential function when wheat germ agglutinin was excited at 295 nm. This could
      be related to the microenvironment of the indole chromophores in the protein. The
      comparison of the quantum yield and of average lifetime showed that some
      tryptophan residues were completely quenched. Energy transfer from tyrosines to
      tryptophan residues previously detected in steady-state fluorescence was also
      revealed by fluorescence decay measurements. Comparison of both methods showed
      that an important part of transfers occurred with a very fast rate equal to or
      greater than 10(10) s-1. Both lifetimes and the ratio of the short and the long
      lived component were found dependent on tri-N-acetylchitotriose binding.

PMID- 976275
TI  - 6-Methylsalicylic acid synthetase from Penicillium patulum. Some catalytic
      properties of the enzyme and its relation to fatty acid synthetase.
AB  - 1. The specificity of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthetase with respect to the
      priming substrate was studied. If acetyl-CoA was replaced by propionyl-CoA 6
      ethylsalicylic acid was synthesized. The rate of this synthesis was about 13%
      that of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthesis in presence of acetyl-CoA. 2. 6
      Methylsalicylic acid synthetase contains an acetyl transferase activity as
      demonstrated by the transfer of acetyl residues from acetyl-CoA to pantetheine.
      This transferase also catalyses propionyl transfer but only with an about 13
      times slower rate. 3. Analogous to fatty acid synthetase, treatment with
      iodoacetamide converts 6-methylsalicylic acid synthetase into a malonyl-CoA
      decarboxylase. Under certain conditons the iodoacetamide-treated enzyme could
      catalyse 6-methylsalicylic acid formation from malonyl CoA and NADPH without the
      external addition of acetyl CoA.

PMID- 976276
TI  - The metabolism of O-acyl-N-acylneuraminic acids. Biosynthesis of O-acylated
      sialic acids in bovine and equine submandibular glands.
AB  - 1. The enzymic synthesis of 4-O-acetylneuraminic acid, 4-O-acetyl-N
      glycolyneuraminic acid, 4-O-glycolyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, 9-O-acetyl-N
      acetylneuraminic acid and 9-O-acetyl-N-glycolyneuraminic acid is shown using
      radioactive precursors with surviving slices, membrane fractions or particle-free
      homogenates from bovine and equine submandibular glands. 2. Acetyl-CoA: N
      acetylneuraminate-9(or 7)-O-acetyltransferase activity was found in a microsome
      fraction and in the cytosol of bovine submandibular glands. The properties of the
      membrane-bound enzyme acting on endogenous, glycoprotein-bound N-acetyl- and N
      glycolylneuraminic acids were compared with those of the soluble enzyme, O
      acetylating exogenous, non-glycosidically bound N-acetyl- and N-glycolyneuraminic
      acids. 3. A rapid, radioactive assay for the membrane-bound enzyme activity is
      described. The enzyme activity shows an optimum at pH 7 and has  a Km for acetyl
      CoA of 0.1 mM. The enzyme is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and
      iodoacetate. Divalent cations, EDTA and glutathione have no influence on its
      activity while CoA proved to be a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 0.56 mM. 4.
      The soluble enzyme activity, assayed using a radioactive procedure, shows Km
      values of 0.01 mM, 0.5 mM and 0.39 mM for acetyl-CoA, N-acetylneuraminic acid and
      N-glycolylneuraminic acid respectively. The general properties are similar to
      those found for the membrane-bound enzyme, except that membrane-bound activity is
      stable for longer on storage at 4 degrees C. 5. Acetyl-CoA, acyl-CoA and CoA
      concentrations of 33 nmol, 65 nmol and 106 nmol/g wet tissue respectively are
      found in fresh bovine submandibular glands. 6. The occurrence of the CMP
      glycosides of N-acetylneuraminic acid, 9-O-acetyl-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and N
      glycolylneuraminic acid in bovine submandibular glands is demonstrated. 7. The
      results are discussed in relation to the general metabolism of acylneuraminic
      acids.

PMID- 976277
TI  - A new familial intrauterine growth retardation syndrome the "3-M syndrome".
AB  - Two pairs of siblings are described with proportionate dwarfism due to skeletal
      hypoplasia of prenatal onset. The head size was normal for age and
      disproportionately large for height. The patients had a characteristic face
      different from that seen in the Silver-Russell syndrome. The family data are in
      accordance with autosomal recessive inheritance. In spite of some similarities,
      the bulk of clinical and genetic evidence suggests that the described
      intrauterine growth retardation syndrome is different from the Silver-Russell
      syndrome and presents an apparently "new" entity which has been designated 3-M
      syndrome.

PMID- 976278
TI  - Latex phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies
      with a simple screening test.
AB  - A simple semiquantitative slide test to assess the phagocytic activity of
      periphera polymorphonuclear leukocytes is described. Leukocytes are isolated from
      one drop of blood and latex particles are offered for phagocytosis. Cellular
      capacities and serum opsonins can be assessed separately. In the presence of
      pooled adult serum no defect of phagocytosis was seen in preterm and full-term
      newborns nor in pediatric patients with infectious or other diseases. In 4 of 7
      premature newborns a definite deficiency of serum opsonins was demonstrated. In
      in vitro studies complement (plus possibly other heat-labile factors) promoted
      phagocytosis. Phagocytic rates were depressed by endotoxin and phenylbutazone.

PMID- 976279
TI  - Analysis of etiologic factors in cerebral palsy with severe mental retardation.
      I. Analysis of gestational, parturitional and neonatal data.
AB  - We analyzed the gestational, parturitional, neonatal (GPN) histories of 281
      severely mentally retarded patients with cerebral palsy to define the etiology or
      pathogenesis of cerebral palsy in each patient. No association between type of
      cerebral palsy and GPN histories was found except for an increase in spastic
      athetoid patients in the breech delivery subgroup. Significant findings include:
      increased incidence of prematurity and postmaturity, small and large for
      gestational age (GA) fetal size, a normal birthweight for GA distribution of
      patients with diabetic mothers, an excess of mothers greater than or equal to 35
      and less than or equal to 20 years old, an increased immediately-previous sib
      interval of 2.59 years suggestive of an "infertility factor", an unremarkable GPN
      history in one third of the cases, in another one third GPN problems not usually
      associated with a high risk of CNS damage, and in one third gross complications
      which were probably responsible for the CP, including: an increased incidence of
      breech deliveries, twinning, prolonged and precipitous labor and placental
      complications; no increased association of athetosis and Rh incompatibility or
      incidence of toxemia was found. Disseminated intravascular coagulation due to
      prenatal death of a twin may have been the cause of brain damage in several
      patients.

PMID- 976280
TI  - Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern in neuroblastoma.
AB  - Total serum LDH activity and isoenzyme distribution were studied in children with
      neuroblastoma at the time of hospital admission. The total LDH was determined in
      26 cases, and 20 (77%) of them showed elevation of its activity. On the other
      hand, in 9 of these 26 cases, the isoenzyme distribution was determined along
      with the total LDH. All 9 cases, 4 of them with normal total LDH activity, showed
      an abnormal isoenzyme pattern with a percentage increase in the intermediate
      fractions (malignant pattern). The results suggest the usefulness of the
      determination of serum LDH isoenzymes as a screening procedure in children with
      malignant tumors including neuroblastoma.

PMID- 976282
TI  - A genetic and statistical study of the respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - The hospital records of 197 infants with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
      were reviewed and the families of 111 of them subsequently contacted to obtain a
      family history. After correcting for biasis of ascertainment, the incidence of
      RDS among the full sibs was found to be between 12 and 19% depending on whether
      the individuals diagnosed as "possible RDS" were counted as affected. Among the
      low birth weight (LBW, less than or equal to 2.5 kg) and/or preterm (less than or
      equal to 37 weeks gestation) infants in the sibships, the incidence of RDS was 32
      50%. Considering only sibs born after the probands yielded the empiric recurrence
      risk of 17--27% for all younger sibs and 39--67% for LBW/preterm younger sibs.
      The risk for maternal half-sibs was of about the same magnitude as that for full
      sibs, while the risk for paternal half-sibs was minimal. Among the LBW/preterm
      first cousins of probands, only the infants of maternal aunts showed an RDS
      incidence clearly higher than that in the general population. We think these data
      suggest a genetically determined maternal factor predisposing the infants of
      certain mothers to RDS. Other significant findings include: 1) an excess of males
      among the probands but a normal sex ratio among the sibs of the probands; 2) a
      decrease in mean birth weight and mean length of gestation for not only the
      probands but also their sibs; 3) a decrease in the mean parental ages at the
      birth of the probands; 4) a relative dearth of first-born and an excess of second
      born infants among the probands; 5) an increased incidence of stillbirths in the
      sibships; 6) an increased number of probands born by cesarean section; and 7) a
      twin concordance of 75%.

PMID- 976281
TI  - Studies of malformation syndromes of man XXIX: the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome.
      Clinical, genetic and pathogenetic studies of 12 cases.
AB  - This report describes 12 patients with the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome (WBS),
      including 6 familial cases from 2 families. The clinical manifestations do not
      allow for a differentiation between familial and sporadic cases. Consistent
      morphologic features include organomegaly, cytomegaly and nucleomegaly. The
      pathogenetic process may involve few or many organs and tissues and may represent
      a nuclear/mitotic dysfunction. Clinically, the manifestations are hyperplasia,
      hypoplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia and defects in differentiation. Secondary
      functional disturbances are at times prominent. The differential diagnosis of the
      WBS includes 1) the Wilm's tumor (WT)-aniridia syndrome: 2) the "tumor
      hypertrophy syndrome" which includes WT, adenocortical tumors or hepatoblastoma;
      3) the WT-pseudohermaphroditism syndrome; and 4) the "tumor-nevus syndrome" with
      or without malformations (particularly duplications) of the urinary tract. The
      latter two conditions are apparently not associated with hemihypertrophy.
      Familial occurrence suggests that some cases of the WBS may be due to delayed
      mutation. Carriers of the premutated allele appear to belong to two classes:
      those with a high risk of producing affected offspring and those who transmit the
      premutated allele but have no affected offspring.

PMID- 976283
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita by means of fetography.
AB  - By means of fetography, prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita
      was performed on two pregnant women in the 34th week of gestation with familial
      histories of the disease. In 1 of the 2 cases, the fetogram revealed abnormal
      twisting of the torso, shortening, and severe angulation deformities of the
      extremities with callus formation and parchmentlike skull despite clear-cut
      outline of the scalp. On the basis of these findings, the fetus was diagnosed as
      osteogenesis imperfecta congenita and subsequently confirmed. Thus, the excellent
      fetal resolving power of fetography permitted successful prenatal diagnosis of
      the disease far more easily and precisely than plain roentgenography.

PMID- 976284
TI  - In vitro studies on the way in which the activation of factor VIII is affected in
      mixtures of plasma with hemophilia A plasma.
AB  - Factor VIII exchange test experiments with hemophilia A plasmas were performed to
      find out how the results were affected by submitting plasmas and plasma mixtures
      to different incubation periods at 37 degrees C, heat precipitation, and ether
      extraction. The experiments led to the following results: 1. In plasma mixtures,
      frequently higher factor VIII activities are found than can be expected from the
      single activities of the used plasmas. Activity increases are factor-specific. 2.
      The component to be activated is in the hemophilic plasma; the activity
      increasing agent is in the normal plasma. These results lead to the hypothesis
      that hemophilia A patients have sufficient quantities of inactive factor VIII,
      but it stays inactive for lack of the necessary activator. In normal plasma the
      activator is in balance or surplus to the inactive factor. By adding normal
      plasma, thus supplying free activator, the inactive factor VIII of hemophilia A
      plasma can, under suitable conditions, be developed into active factor VIII.

PMID- 976285
TI  - Comparative studies on coagulation activities in normal plasmas and their
      mixtures.
AB  - By single factor exchange test experiments it was proved that mixtures of normal
      plasmas usually have the coagulation activity that can be concluded from the
      single activities of the used plasmas. In individual cases, however, normal
      plasmas influence each other in the mixture to the effect that coagulation is
      increased or decreased. This has to be considered when plasma pools for standard
      curves are established.

PMID- 976286
TI  - Plasma prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and
      luteinizing hormone in normal British and Japanese women.

PMID- 976287
TI  - Reproductive survival in vitro of recently explanted human tumour cells following
      exposure to vinblastine. A suggestion for improved clinical dose schedules.

PMID- 976288
TI  - Antimetastasis effect of two derivatives of epiposophyllotoxin in mice.

PMID- 976289
TI  - Treatment of a solid tumor by local simultaneous hyperthermia and ionizing
      radiation: Dependence on temperature and dose.

PMID- 976290
TI  - Characterization of human fibroblasts from cancer patients: loss of fibrin clot
      retractile activity after 'in vitro' spontaneous transformation,.

PMID- 976291
TI  - Cytokinetic studies on the effect of hyperthermia on Chinese hamster lung cells.

PMID- 976292
TI  - Demonstration of the stimulation of the reticulohistiocytic system (RHS) of mice
      by treatment with BCG by means of biometric and histochemical techniques.

PMID- 976293
TI  - Correlation of skin test reactivity and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by
      soluble antigens in normal subjects and leukemic patients.

PMID- 976294
TI  - Transfection of mouse bone marrow cells with Rauscher virus proviral DNA.

PMID- 976295
TI  - Reactivity of peripheral blood leucocytes against human fetal cells.

PMID- 976296
TI  - Heterogeneity of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human serum.

PMID- 976297
TI  - Intestinal adaptation after jejuno-ileal bypass operation for massive obesity.
AB  - Intestinal adaptation was studied in six patients with massive obesity treated by
      jejuno-ileal bypass operation. Glucose absorption in the jejunum was measured by
      a perfusion technique. The morphometric and enzymatic measurements were carried
      out on biopsies from the proximal jejunum and the distal ileum. Results obtained
      before and six months after the operation were compared. The glucose absorption
      per unit length of jejunum was unchanged at a glucose concentration of 66 mmol/l
      in the perfusate but increased significantly at a glucose concentration of 133
      mmol/l (p less 0.025). The mean sucrase activity did not change, whereas the
      lactase activity increased significantly in the jejunum and ileum. The mean
      villus height increased significantly, while the epithelial cell height and cell
      width were unchanged both in the jejunum and the ileum, suggesting that the
      operation resulted in epithelial cell hyperplasia. The glucose absorption in the
      jejunum was positively correlated with the villus height (r = 0.76), which
      suggests that the increased glucose absorption was related to an increased number
      of epithelial cells.

PMID- 976298
TI  - Peptide-bound hydroxylysine and large polypeptides related to collagen synthesis.
AB  - About 10% of the urinary hydroxylysine is linked to peptides. There is no
      significant difference between the excretion of peptide-bound hydroxylysine and
      hydroxylysine measured in the non-dialysable fraction of the urine. Non
      dialysable hydroxylysine is highly glycosylated and contains mainly glucosyl
      galactosyl-hydroxylysine. It is concluded that the urinary peptide-bound
      hydroxylysine is present in the non-dialysable collagen polypeptides. Their
      unusual carbohydrate composition is discussed.

PMID- 976299
TI  - Effect of lead on hepatic delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase activity in the
      rat: a model for drug sensitivity in intermittent acute porphyria.
AB  - The hereditary hepatic porphyrias are disorders of porphyrin and haem synthesis
      characterized by a marked idiosyncrasy towards a variety of lipid soluble drugs.
      Most of these agents are inducers of the haemoprotein cytochrome P450, the
      terminal oxidase in drug metabolism. The primary genetic defect in intermittent
      acute porphyria is a partial deficiency of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, which
      may result in a secondary derepression of delta-aminoaevulinic acid synthetase,
      the rate-limiting enzyme in the haem pathway. Analogous defects at more distant
      sites may explain the other hereditary hepatic porphyrias. As drug sensitivity
      may be related to the defect in haem synthesis, we investigated the effects of
      experimental partial blocks in haem synthesis produced by lead in rats. Drug
      effects on delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase, cytochrome P450, And drug
      metabolism were studied. Our findings indicate: a) While partial impairment of
      haem biosynthesis has only minor effects on delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase
      activity, it greatly enhances the sensitivity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid
      synthetase to induction by drugs and steroids, which when given alone, have
      little or no inducing effect on the enzyme. b) The experimental partial block in
      haem synthesis delays and impairs drug-mediated induction cytochrome P450 and
      drug metabolism in vitro. The findings may explain why a large number of
      structurally unrelated compounds with little effect on normal liver can
      precipitate "aucte porphyria".

PMID- 976300
TI  - Plasma renin activity in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - Postural changes in plasma renin activity were studied in three groups of age and
      duration-matched male diabetics (potent, impotent and with postural hypotension)
      and in non-diabetic control subjects. Those diabetic subjects with postural
      hypotension due to automatic neuropathy had no increase in plasma renin activity
      to the erect posture whereas both the potent and impotent groups had similar
      plasma renin activity responses to the control subjects. There was a significant
      inverse correlation between the rise in plasma renin activity on standing and the
      postural drop in blood pressure (r = 0.476, P less than 0.01) but no correlation
      with other tests of autonomic reflex function such as the Valsalva manoeuvre and
      blood pressure response to sustained handgrip. The results suggested that the
      lesion responsible for the postural hypotension is in the efferent sympathetic
      pathway. However, neuropathy per se did not wholly explain the decreased postural
      plasma renin activity response. Diabetic nephropathy, with involvement of cells
      of juxtaglomerular apparatus, may also be implicated.

PMID- 976301
TI  - The role of the beta-adrnergic receptor in the secretion of gastrin: studies in
      normal subjects and in patients with duodenal ulcers.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor stimulatory
      agent, increased serum gastrin concentration significantly more in patients with
      a duodenal ulcer than in healthy subjects. The rise in pulse rate, blood glucose
      concentration and in serum insulin was the same in both groups of subjects.
      Gastrin secretion was also increased significantly more in the patients than in
      the control subjects after a beef-meal. Basal serum gastrin concentrations were
      higher in the patients than in the control subjects and correlated to the rise in
      serum gastrin during both tests in the patients with a duodenal ulcer.
      Isoproterenol and meal stimulated gastrin secretion, expressed as percent of the
      basal value, were twice as higher in the patients as in the control subjects. The
      combined administration of isoproterenol and the meal had an additive effect on
      the rise in serum gastrin. Isoproterenol stimulated gastrin secretion was
      completely suppressed by propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent,
      which had no effect on meal stimulated gastrin secretion. It is concluded that
      the mechanism of the hypersecretion of gastrin in patients with a duodenal ulcer
      did not involve a specific abnormality of the beta-adrenergic receptor or the
      receptor which recognized proteins and their digested products. There is no
      established role of beta-adrenergic receptor activity in the hypersecretion of
      gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcers. It is suggested that the beta
      adrenergic receptor may have some yet unknown function unrelated to the acute
      secretory response of gastrin.

PMID- 976302
TI  - Plasma and urinary dopamine: studies during fasting and exercise and in
      tetraplegic man.
AB  - Dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured in plasma and in urine,
      using double-isotope derivative techniques, in 46 normal subjects and in 17
      tetraplegic patients with physiologically complete cervical spinal cord
      transections above the sympathetic outflow. Dopamine was present in plasma in
      normal subjects in a concentration of 0.33 mug/l +/- 0.06 (SEM). Twenty-four hour
      urinary excretion of dopamine averaged 248 mug +/- 22. There was a significant
      correlation between the 24 h urinary excretion of dopamine and of noradrenaline.
      In the normal subjects plasma dopamine and the urinary excretion of dopamine did
      not change during three days of fasting while urinary excretion of adrenaline
      increased twofold. In the normal subjects exercise significantly increased plasma
      dopamine from 0.25 mug/l to 0.43 mug/l, but significantly decreased the urinary
      excretion of dopamine. Exercise significantly increased the excretion of
      noradrenaline. In the tetraplegic patients the plasma dopamine concentration and
      the urinary excretion of dopamine were lower but not significantly different from
      the corresponding values in the normal subjects. Plasma noradrenaline and the
      urinary excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline were significantly lower in the
      tetraplegic patients. It is concluded that dopamine is present in human plasma in
      concentrations similar to that of noradrenaline. Free dopamine in plasma and
      urine of normal subjects is not dependent on foot intake. Urinary dopamine may be
      derived from circulating dopamine. Urinary dopamine does not necessarily appear
      to reflect changes in plasma dopamine. The relationship between plasma dopamine
      and changes in adrenergic nervous activity deserves further investigation.

PMID- 976303
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of procainamide and phenytoin at apparent therapeutic plasma
      levels.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of procainamide and phenytoin after intravenous
      administration to 19 patients with suspected congenital heart lesions were
      studied. The drugs were injected into the pulmonary artery in a dose of 5 mg per
      kg bodyweight, at an infusion rate of 50 mg per minute, thus giving plasma
      concentrations within the suggested therapeutic ranges. The diastolic pressures
      in the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle were reduced by procainamide and
      the converse effect was noted after phenytoin. The heart rate was significantly
      increased by both drugs but with phenytoin this effect was only transitory. The
      latter drug also caused a small and transient fall in cardiac output and mean
      arterial pressure. It was concluded that of the two drugs phenytoin seemed to
      have the most marked myocardial depressant effect.

PMID- 976304
TI  - Studies on hydralazine. II. Elimination rate and steady-state concentration in
      patients with impaired renal function.
AB  - Following a single 50 mg dose of hydralazine (Apresoline) in 13 patients with
      impaired renal function, a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was
      correlated with an increase in serum half-life (T1/2) of the drug (r=-0.69; p
      less than 0.01). The T1/2 was 15.8 h in one patient with a GFR of 16 ml-min-1, as
      compared to a T1/2 of 1.7-3.0 h found previously in 16 healthy volunteers. In 49
      patients on long-term antihypertensive treatment with hydralazine, the ratio
      between the minimum steady-state drug concentration and the daily dose of
      hydralazine (Cminss : Dose) increased as the GFR decreased. This accumulation of
      the drug was particularly evident in patients with a GFR less than 30 ml-min-1
      (r=-0.63; p less than 0.01; n=19). As renal excretion of unchanged hydralazine is
      generally regarded as unimportant, the slower elimination rate in chronic renal
      failure was probably caused by a slower rate of metabolic conversion. It was
      found, however, that the renal excretion of hydralazine could easily have been
      underestimated, as only 12.7% of an initial hydralazine concentration of 200 ng
      ml-1 in urine could be recovered after storage of the samples at room temperature
      for 24 h.

PMID- 976305
TI  - Investigation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of 2-(2,4
      dimethoxyphenyl)-Imidazo-(4,5-b)-pyridine hydrochloride (AR-L 57 CL) in man.
AB  - AR-L 57 CL is an imidazole derivative which has been shown in animal studies to
      have a pronounced positive inotropic effect. This effect and the pharmacokinetics
      of AR-L 57 CL have been investigated by non-invasive methods in 8 healthy
      volunteers. After a single intravenous dose of 200 mg, administered as part of
      Phase 1 of the clinical studies, AR-L 57 CL plasma concentrations were measured
      by fluorimetry at intervals for up to one hour. Its inotropic action on the heart
      was demonstrated by changes in the systolic time intervals: QS2 = duration of
      electro-mechanical systole; PEP = pre-ejection period; LVET = left ventricular
      ejection time. The decrease in plasma concentration could be expressed in terms
      of an open two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The shorter elimination phase
      had a t1/2 of 4 min and the longer a t1/2 of 30 min. Immediately after injection,
      QS2 and PEP (corrected for heart rate) as well as PEP/LVET (independent of heart
      rate) decreased considerably. They had returned to normal by 22 min after
      injection. The plasma concentrations of AR-L 57 CL of 2 - 5 mug-equivalents/ml
      showed a highly significant correlation with the decrease in systolic time
      intervals. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure rose briefly after
      injection. The AV conduction time fell initially and the heart-rate increased
      briefly. Thus AR-L 57 CL was shown to be a short acting drug with a high degree
      of positive inotropic action. It did not cause bradycardia or increase
      atrioventricular transmission time and appeared to be easily controllable.

PMID- 976306
TI  - Influence of sex on the clinical pharmacology of flutiorex, a new anorectic drug.
AB  - The effects of flutiorex, a new anorectic agent, and of a placebo on food intake
      and the activity of the sympathetic and central nervous systems have been
      compared in a double blind trial in two groups of healthy volunteers, one of five
      males and the other of five females. Flutiorex 20 mg orally had a significant
      anorectic effect both in males and females, the observed reduction in food intake
      being 34.0 and 27.5%, respectively. It caused alpha-adrenergic stimulation (blood
      pressure and pupil diameter) and central nervous system excitation (critical
      flicker frequency), both of which were more marked in males than in females.
      Flutiorex was better tolerated by women than by men. Measurement of the blood
      level of flutiorex and its de-ethylated metabolite, norflutiorex, showed that
      both compounds were detectable in four of the five male subjects, but in only one
      of the five females. Sex-linked differences in the pharmacokinetics of flutiorex
      may explain the greater intensity of its effects in males.

PMID- 976307
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline infused intravenously in man.
AB  - Amitriptyline was given to four male volunteers by constant rate intravenous
      infusion. Blood samples were collected before, during and at various times after
      the infusion for estimation of the serum concentrations of amitriptyline. The
      level of nortriptyline never reached a detectable level. A two compartment open
      model was shown to be applicable to the data obtained. The meaning of the
      parameters obtained by a non-linear, least squares curve fitting procedure is
      discussed and the values are compared to those recently published for
      nortriptyline. The calculated biological half-life of amitriptyline was about 17
      hours, a figure which differs considerably from previously calculated values for
      volunteers, but is in accordance with some newer results from patients.

PMID- 976308
TI  - Quantitative contributions of IgG, IgM and C3 to erythrophagocytosis and rosette
      formation by peritoneal macrophages, and anti-opsonin activity of dextran sulfate
      500.
AB  - In vitro phagocytosis by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages of immune complexes
      (EA) was shown to be dependent on IgG antibody in a dose-dependent fashion. C3b
      enhanced phagocytosis of EA at limited IgG antibody concentrations only. When IgM
      antibody was used for sensitization of sheep red blood cells (SRBC), phagocytosis
      and rosette formation did not occur in the absence of bound C3. The polyanion,
      dextran sulfate 500 (DS), was shown to depress both rosette formation and
      phagocytosis of EAIgG, C1423 and EAIgMC1423, as well as immune adherence of human
      group 0  erythrocytes and hemolytic activity of C3. This effect of DS was seen
      only when it was actually present in the incubation medium.

PMID- 976309
TI  - Analysis of antibody populations to oligo-D-alanine. VIII. Sequential studies on
      properties of antibody subpopulations: rate constant, affinity, and isoelectric
      focusing spectrum.
AB  - Allotypically marked antisera to the hapten oligo-D-alanine were studied over
      periods up to 10 months in individual mice and in serial transfers of both
      nonimmune and memory cells to irradiated recipients. Parameters observed were
      divalent association rate constants, affinity and autoradiography of isoelectric
      focusing (IEF) spectra. The two allotypic subpopulations of heterozygous mice are
      shown to be independent with respect to affinity. Association rate constant,
      affinity, and IEF spectra of the antibody populations remain largely stable in
      most mice over prolonged periods. There is an occasional isolated dramatic change
      in a single property of one allotypic subpopulation; this may be in the direction
      of either lower or higher rate constant or affinity. While different recipients
      of naive spleen cells from a single donor, when immunized, differ one from the
      other in the measured antibody properties, the characteristics now established in
      each recipient persist in a lineage of transferred memory cells up to 4
      generations, with infrequent changes in isolated properties of only one allotypic
      subpopulation. The limited changes observed would be in agreement with a model of
      moderate somatic variability superimposed on a small spectrum of germ line genes.

PMID- 976310
TI  - Enzymatic modification of lymphocyte receptors for antigen. III. Resistance of
      receptors to trypsin at the peak of the immune response.
AB  - Using sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) as the antigen, two subpopulations of spleen
      antigen-binding lymphocytes could be distinguished by a marked difference in the
      susceptibility of their receptors to trypsin. In unimmunized animals, 30% of the
      antigen-binding cells were trypsin-resistant, whereas at 5 days after
      immunization, 80-90% were trypsin-resistant, indicating an increase of about 50
      fold in trypsin-resistant antigen-binding cells per spleen. In contrast, trypsin
      sensitive cells per spleen were only 4-fold higher on day 5 than before
      immunization. The rise in % trypsin sensitivity preceded the increase in rosettes
      per spleen, implying that immunization produced a preferential increase in
      trypsin-resistant antigen binding cells partly by converting sensitive cells to
      resistant cells. After the 5th day, the trypsin sensitivity of antigen-binding
      cells slowly returned toward the unimmunized level, but a booster injection of
      SRBC restored trypsin resistance. Trypsin resistance was not lost in the presence
      of sodium azide or protein synthesis inhibitors. But a slightly increased trypsin
      susceptibility was conferred by 2-deoxyglucose, implying that glycolysis or the
      glycosylation of protein may be involved in maintaining trypsin resistance.

PMID- 976311
TI  - Characteristics of the effector cells mediating cytotoxicity against antibody
      coated target cells. II. The mouse nonadherent K cell.
AB  - A cell of lymphoid morphology capable of killing antibody-coated chicken
      erythrocytes was isolated from nonimmune mouse spleen using a combination of
      carbonyl iron treatment and glass bead column passage. This non-phagocytic
      effector cell, which is referred to as the nonadherent K (killer) cell, is
      distinguished from the non-phagocytic myeloid K cell described earlier
      (Greenberg, A.H., Shen, L. and Roitt, I.M., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1973. 15:251) by
      its relatively weak surface adherence properties and low concentration within the
      mouse spleen. The cell is further characterized by its relatively large size,
      lack of theta or immunoglobulin determinants, the presence of Mg++-independent
      complement receptors, affinity for aggregated IgG2 myeloma proteins, inhibition
      by cytochalasin B and good survival in cell culture. The possible lineage of the
      cell is discussed.

PMID- 976312
TI  - Close linkage between genes coding for allotypic markers on chicken IgG and IgM.
AB  - The allotypic markers Gla and Gld (present on chicken IgG molecules) and Mla and
      Mlc (present on IgM) have previously been defined. The inheritance of these
      markers was studied in the F2 progeny of a cross between birds of the inbred
      lines CB (Gla+,d-,Mla+,c-) and WA (Gla-,d+,Mla-,c+). The results suggest that
      antigens Gla and Gld, and Mla and Mlc, are genetically controlled by alleles at
      two loci (Gl and Ml, respectively) and also show that these loci are closely
      linked.

PMID- 976313
TI  - Precipitin and mitogenic behavior of dimeric and tetrameric concanavalin A.
AB  - The results of double diffusion and quantitative precipitin tests show that in
      contrast to the concanavalin A tetramer, the dimer is incapable of precipitating
      glycogen. The results support previous work suggesting that dimers composed of
      two fragmented monomer units possess only one binding site for carbohydrate
      (McKenzie and Sawyer, J. Biol. Chem. 1973. 248: 549). On the other hand, dimer
      and tetramer species had similar mitogenic activity as measured by the
      incorporation of radioactive thymidine by mouse spleen lymphocytes and induced
      cap formation to similar degrees. Results are discussed in terms of the affinity
      and valency of the polymeric forms and their stability at the cell surface.

PMID- 976314
TI  - Genetic control of the immune response to the radom linear terpolymer of L
      glutamic acid, L-lysine and L-leucine (GLleu) by complementing Ir genes.
AB  - Three levels of humoral responsiveness (none, high or marginal) were noted
      following secondary immunization with random linear terpolymer of L-glutamic
      acid, L-lysine and L-leucine (GLleu). These immune responses were under dual H-2
      linked Ir gene control. Gene complementation was observed in appropriate F1
      offspring between two nonresponder strains and in selected intra-I region
      recombinants derived from crossing over between nonresponder parental haplotypes.
      One of the Ir-GLleu genes, beta, was localized within the I-A or I-B subregions.
      The other Ir-GLleu locus, termed alpha, was mapped in the I-C or S subregions.
      Differences in the strain distribution of immune responsiveness to GLleu and
      related terpolymer GLphe (which is also under complementing Ir gene control) are
      primarily attributable to differences among the Ir-GLleu and Ir-GLphe beta
      alleles. A correlation exists between the presence of the Ir-GLleu alpha(?allele
      and the gene coding for specificity Ia.7.

PMID- 976315
TI  - The roles of noradrenaline and dopamine in contraversive circling behaviour seen
      after unilateral electrolytic lesions of the locus coeruleus.
AB  - Unilateral electrolytic lesions of the locus coeruleus in rats result in
      spontaneous ipsiversive rotation, which is then replaced by contraversive
      rotation. One week after lesioning, when spontaneous turning ceases, apomorphine
      and d-amphetamine elicit contraversive circling behaviour, which was not affected
      by noradrenergic receptor blockade but was abolished by dopamine receptor
      blockade. The drug-induced contraversive circling response was also reproduced by
      piribedil but not clonidine. Combined unilateral electrolytic locus coeruleus and
      substantia nigra lesions on the same side resulted in apomorphine- and d
      amphetamine-induced ipsilateral rotational behaviour which was indistinguishable
      from that seen with substantia nigra lesions alone. In rats with unilateral locus
      coeruleus lesions, the dose of intrastriatally injected apomorphine required to
      produce circling was less on the lesioned than the non-lesioned side. Direct
      injection of noradrenaline into one substantia nigra caused contraversive
      circling. Direct injection of phenoxybenzamine into one substantia nigra followed
      by apomorphine caused ipsiversive circling. The results suggest that the circling
      behaviour seen after unilateral locus coeruleus lesions depends on an asymmetry
      of striatal dopamine receptor activity and are consistent with a proposed
      coeruleus-nigral noradrenergic pathway, which enhances impulse flow in the
      dopaminergic nigrostriatal system.

PMID- 976316
TI  - Analysis of cardiac chronotropic responses to some autonomic blocking agents in
      conscious trained dogs.
AB  - The changes of heart rate in response to i.v. administration of methylatropine
      (0.5 mg/kg) and/or propranolol (2 mg/Kg) or practolol (2.5 mg/Kg) were studied in
      conscious trained dogs. Cholinergic blockade alone or combined blockade of
      sympathetic and parasympathetic effector systems resulted in cardiac
      acceleration. Conversely, beta-adrenoceptor antagonism with either propranolol or
      practolol reduced heart rate. The data were analysed by means of a new method,
      whereby the heart (HRN) of the dog is considered to be the product of the
      intrinsic heart rate (HR0) and 3 further factors: HRN-HR0 times S times V times W
      (Multiplicative model). 2 of these factors represent the tonic sympathetic (S)
      and parasympathetic (V) influences, whereas the third (W) represents the
      sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction. This type of analysis reveals that W was
      approximately 1, i.e., the sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction did not play
      any significant role in determining the heart rate of conscious resting dogs (HRN
      = HRO-S-V-W = HRO-S-V). The change of heart rate due to the action of
      parasympathetic system (-53% of the intrinsic heart rate) was more important than
      the change caused by the action of the sympathetic system (26% of the intrinsic
      heart rate).

PMID- 976317
TI  - Effects of physostigmine and electrical stimulation on the acetylcholine content
      of the guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - Incubation with physostigmine (7.7 muM) caused an approximately 2 fold increase
      in the acetylcholine content of the myenteric plexus--longitudinal muscle
      preparation of the guinea-pig ileum. This effect was due mainly to an increase in
      'free' acetylcholine, which was directly assayable in either the homogenate after
      removal of cell debris or the supernatant fraction (100,000 g for 60 min) after
      subcellular fractionation. Acetylcholine output during stimulation at 0.017, 0.1
      or 1 Hz was maintained for 60 min at a rate 2--4 times greater than the non
      stimulated output; there was no change in content. At 10 HZ, output was high at
      the start of stimulation and then decreased continuously; there was a
      proportionate loss of mainly 'free' acetylcholine from the tissue. Mn2+,
      hexamethonium, morphine and noradrenaline, which depressed acetylcholine output
      during stimulation at 0.1 HZ, had no effect on the acetylcholine content nor did
      they affect the increase in acetylcholine content during incubation with
      physostigmine.

PMID- 976318
TI  - Effects of salsolinol on smooth muscle responses to various biogenic amines.
AB  - Isolated smooth muscle tissues from rats, guinea pigs and rabbits were used to
      investigate pharmacological effects of salsolinol (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydroisoquinoline). By itself, salsolinol did not produce any profound or
      sustained sympathomimetic or 5-hydroxytryptamine-like activity in the
      concentrations used in these experiments (7.7 and 77  muM). Salsolinol was found
      to antagonize the contraction of the rabbit aorta induced by noradrenaline but
      did not affect the adrenaline-induced relaxation of the guinea pig tracheal
      chain. On both the rat fundus and oestrus rat uterus, salsolinol exhibited
      significant anti-5-hydroxytryptamine activity but responses of these tissues to
      acetylcholine and histamine remained unaffected, indicating that the action was
      not non-specific. These results suggest that in vivo formation of salsolinol
      after ethanol ingestion could produce significant pharmacological effects.

PMID- 976319
TI  - Absence of a 'cholinergic link' in the apomorphine-induced feedback inhibition of
      dopamine synthesis in rat striatum.
AB  - The blocking effect of apomorphine on the rise in striatal dopamine (DA) content,
      induced by 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2 (HA-966) was taken as a measure for
      the intrastriatal feedback inhibition of DA synthesis. The effects of cholinergic
      drugs on this feedback system were assessed in order to verify the hypothesis
      that this mechanism is mediated via an intrastriatal cholinergic link. We
      presumed that DA receptors were located on a cholinergic neuron, while the
      cholinergic terminals in turn made direct or indirect axon-axonal contact with
      the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway (N.S.P.). Although cholinergic agents
      could modify the effect of HA-966 on striatal DA content, it proved to be
      impossible to counteract the blocking effect of apomorphine with cholinergic
      drugs as was to be expected. Therefore we concluded that the effect of
      apomorphine was not brought about in the way which had been postulated.

PMID- 976320
TI  - A comparison of the vasodepressor effects of the cyclic effects of the cyclic
      endoperoxides PGG, and PGH2 with those of PGD2 and PGE2 in hypertensive and
      normotensive rats.
AB  - The vasodepressor actions of the cyclic endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2 were compared
      with those of their products PGD2 and PGE2 using anaesthetised normotensive and
      genetically hypertensive rats. Given into the aortic arch of normotensives PGE2
      was approximately 6 times more potent than PGH2  and 11 times more potent than
      PGG2 and PGD2. Hypertensive animals were 1.5-10 times more sensitive than
      normotensives to the depressor effects of PGG2 and PGH2, but their sensitivity to
      either PGD2 or PGE2 was similar. Thus in hypertensives the endoperoxides may be
      converted more readily to PGE2 and other products. In both types of rat PGG2 and
      PGH2 given intravenously were as active or more active than after intra-arterial.
      Therefore PGG2 and PGH2 may be converted more readily to more active products
      during passage through the lungs but whereas small doses of PGE2 are almost
      completely eliminated large doses may saturate uplmonary removal mechanisms.

PMID- 976321
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E1 on the positive inotropic actions of noradrenaline,
      nerve stimulation and calcium in the isolated blood-perfused papillary muscle of
      the dog.
AB  - The effects of PGE1 on the dog heart were studied using the blood-perfused sinus
      node and papillary muscle preparations isolated separately from the same animal.
      PGE1 administered into the papillary muscle artery as bolus injections in doses
      of 1-1000 ng caused a dose-dependent increase of the developed tension and dT/dt
      of the papillary muscle. The effect was not inhibited by the beta-adrenoceptor
      blocking agent pindolol. PGE1 injected into the sinus node artery in doses of 3
      300 ng did not change the rate of contraction of the sinus node preparation. PGE1
      in the blood concentrations of 4.4 X 10(-9) to 1.7 X 10(-7) M enhanced the
      positive inotropic responses to noradrenalin and field stimulation as well as to
      calcium. The influence of PGE1 on the positive inotropic effect of perivascular
      nerve stimulation was not consistent: the action of perivascular nerve
      stimulation was enhanced by PGE1 in the majority of preparations but was reduced
      in one third of preparations. PGE1 in the same blood concentrations as used in
      the papillary muscle significantly depressed the positive chronotropic responses
      to noradrenaline and dopamine. The present results indicate that PGE1 induces
      multiple actions on the dog heart. Its predominant effect on the ventricular
      myocardium appears to be enhancement of the adrenergic stimuli probably via the
      facilitation of calcium movement through the myocardial cell membrane. In
      addition, PGE1 may decrease the sensitivity of beta-adrenoceptors to adrenergic
      stimuli in the sinus node.

PMID- 976322
TI  - Effect of neuroleptics and of combinations of d-amphetamine and neuroleptics on
      3H-dopamine uptake by homogenates from rat striatum.
AB  - Triperidol was found to be a more potent 3H-dopamine uptake inhibitor than
      chlorpromazine in homogenates from rat striatum. Inhibition kinetics were
      competitive for triperidol and non-competitive for chlorpromazine. When drugs
      were given in vivo, d-amphetamine (10 mg/kg) blocked the 3H-dopamine uptake by
      about 50% whereas the neuroleptics did not modify the process even at highly
      sedating doses. Combined treatments with d-amphetamine and neuroleptics showed
      that only triperidol potentiated the blocking effect of d-amphetamine on 3-H
      dopamine uptake. However, such a potentiation was not observed when triperidol
      and d-amphetamine were simultaneously added in vitro. The results tend to suggest
      that the postulated actions of neuroleptics on presynaptic sites in the striatum
      may be more important with the butyrophenone, triperidol than with the
      phenothiazine, chlorpromazine.

PMID- 976323
TI  - The effects of isoxsuprine on non-myelinated nerve fibres.
AB  - A study has been made of the effect of isoxsuprine on non-myelinated nerve fibres
      of the desheathed rabbit vagus. Isoxsuprine did not affect the membrane
      potential, the membrane resistance, or the sodium pump activity. Isoxsuprine
      diminished the amplitude and rise time of the compound action potential. This
      indicates that isoxsuprine decreased the peak sodium current during the action
      potential. This local anesthetic action of isoxsupring is more pronounced than
      that of lidocaine.

PMID- 976324
TI  - Effects of verapamil on regional myocardial blood flow and ST segment. Role of
      the induced bradycardia.
AB  - The effects of verapamil on regional myocardial blood flow and on the ST segment
      were studied in both normal and ischemic regions in dogs with and without cardiac
      pacing. In the absence of cardiac pacing, verapamil (0.05 mg/kg/min/10 min)
      induced marked bradycardia, a drop in blood pressure and an increase in
      epicardial and endocardial flows both in normal and ischemic regions of the
      heart. However, in ischemic regions, redistribution was favorable since the
      endo/epi ratio increased from 0.46 to 0.61 (p less than 0.01) whereas this ratio
      did not vary in normal regions (0.94 vs. 0.92). This increase is accompanied by
      less marked ST segment elevation during coronary occlusion in dogs treated with
      verapamil. In dogs with cardiac pacing, administration of verapamil under the
      same conditions again induced a drop in blood pressure and, in normal regions
      only, a homogeneous but less marked increase in epicardial and endocardial flows,
      the endo/epi ratio varying from 0.94 to 0.98. In contrast, in ischemic regions,
      blood flow was not modified by verapamil, but the endo/epi ratio dropped from
      0.46 to 0.31 (p less than 0.01), while the ST segment elevation observed did not
      differ from that recorded during the control occlusion. These results demonstrate
      the major role of verapamil-induced bradycardia in the anti-anginal affects of
      this drug.

PMID- 976325
TI  - Blockade of the specific lethal effects of narcotic analgesics in the mouse.
AB  - The capacity of the narcotic antagonists naloxone and nalorphine and the
      benzodiazepine derivatives diazepam and oxazepam to increase the LD50s of the
      narcotic analgesics morphine and methadone administered at convulsant doses was
      eveluated in the mouse. Naloxone produced a dose-related increase in the LD50s of
      both morphine and methadone. Iiazepam and oxazepam were also effective in
      increasing the LD50s of the narcotics; this effect was additive with that of
      naloxone. However, the maximal increase in the LD50s of the narcotics produced by
      pretreatment with naloxone alone was not increased further by the combined
      pretreatment of naloxone and a benzodiazepine. The anticonvulsant trimethadione
      did not elevate the LD50s of methadone, nor did it potentiate the effects of
      naloxone. These results suggest that the benzodiazepines may reduce the lethality
      of narcotic analgesics administered at high doses by a mechanism other than by an
      anticonvulsant effect alone. Therefore, the present results support the
      conclusion that the capacity to increase the convulsant LD50 of the narcotic
      analgesics is a general property of the narcotic antagonists.

PMID- 976326
TI  - The anticonvulsant activity of ketamine agains siezures induced by
      pentylenetetrazol and mercaptopropionic acid.
AB  - The activity of the dissociative anaesthetics ketamine and gamma-hydroxybutyrate
      against seizures induced by mercaptopropionate and pentylenetetrazol have been
      determined. Ketamine (90 mg/kg) prevented the seizures induced by both
      convulsants, but gamma-hydroxybutyrate had negligible anticonvulsant activity.
      Mercaptopropionate (150 mg/kg) produced a rapid fall in whole brain glutamate
      decarboxylase activity which correlated with the onset of convulsions. Ketamine
      given prior to the mercaptopropionate prevented the convulsions, but had no
      effect on the reduction of enzyme activity. It was concluded that although
      ketamine was an anticonvulsant it did not act by preventing the inhibition of
      glutamate decarboxylase responsible for mercaptopropionate-induced convulsions.

PMID- 976327
TI  - A laminar flow superfusion technique with much increased sensitivity for the
      detection of smooth muscle-stimulating substances.
AB  - The classical superfusion technique was modified by immersing the isolated assay
      tissues in mineral oil, making it possible to superfuse the preparations through
      the oil with a drip of Krebs solution at very low flow rates (0.1 - 0.2 ml/min).
      In this way the sensitivity of the preparation for the detection and quantitation
      of endogenous biologically active substances was extended to the picogram level.

PMID- 976328
TI  - Histamine receptor-mediated calcium ion movement in a receptor-rich microsomal
      fraction.
AB  - The histamine receptor-rich microsomal fraction from the longitudinal muscle of
      cat small intestine, which consists of membrane vesicles, was loaded with 45Ca
      ions and the Ca ion efflux from it was examined. Histamine increased the efflux
      of 45Ca ions. The effect of histamine was blocked by diphenhydramine. Histamine
      had no effect on the histamine receptor-free microsomal fraction from dog small
      intestine muscle. This suggests that the ion movement may be mediated by
      histamine receptors.

PMID- 976329
TI  - The dependence of the blood level of the oxime HS-6 on the severity of
      organophosphate poisoning.
AB  - Atropinised anaesthetised rats were injected i.v. with 4, 6 or 8 X LD50 of the
      organophosphorous anticholinesterase soman. Subsequent treatment with one dose of
      HS-6 (100 mg/kg, i.v.) delayed respiratory failure by 1 h or more; a further
      postponement was obtained when an additional HS-6 infusion was given. At the same
      infusion rate, HS-6 blood levels after 4 X LD50 soman remained stationary, but
      rose after the higher soman doses. The rise was greater the higher the soman dose
      had been. This rapid rise in oxime blood levels after high doses of
      organophosphate may seriously complicate therapy.

PMID- 976330
TI  - Determination of clonazepam ("Rivotril" or "Ro 5-4023") in plasma by gas
      chromatography using an internal standard.
AB  - A method has been developed for gas-chromatographic determination of clonazepam
      ("Rivotril" or "Ro 5-4023") in plasma, using methyl-clonazepam ("Ro 4082") as an
      internal standard. Following extraction of the benzodiazepines and hydrolysis,
      the benzophenones are analyzed by gas-chromatography, using a glass column filled
      with 3% OV 225 on Gas Chrom Q and a 63Ni electron-capture detector. The technique
      has good selectivity. The limit of sensitivity is less than 1 ng/ml of plasma.
      Using this method the plasma kinetics of clonazepam may be studied in man and the
      correlations between plasma levels and therapeutic activity investigated. It is
      also available for toxicological analysis, as well as pharmacovigilance purpose.
      The same internal standard and a similar method can also be used for the
      determination of flunitrazpem ("Rohypnol" or "Ro 5-4200") and its major
      metabolite (N-desmethyl-flunitrazepam) in plasma.

PMID- 976331
TI  - [Interference of minovine (a Vinca minor alkaloid) on hospital emergency
      toxicologic tests for derivatives of 5H-dibenzo(b,f)azepine].
AB  - The authors report the possible interference due to minovine when seeking
      tricyclic antidepressant derivatives in biological material or pharmaceutical
      substances. However, their work has shown that kinetic studies using absorption
      spectrophotometry of the colouration obtained with phosphoric-ceric reagent and
      thin layer adsorbant chromatography make it possible to eliminate the doubt and
      identify the Vinca-Minor alkaloid.

PMID- 976332
TI  - [The relationship between the course of bismuth encephalopathy and the amount of
      bismuth in blood and urine].
AB  - Study of the course of bismuth encephalopathy following the ingestion of a
      bismuth salt in relation to blood and urinary bismuth levels indicates a close
      parallel between the improvement in the clinical picture and the decrease in the
      degree of toxic impregnation of the body. This confirms the direct responsibility
      of bismuth for the disorder. Regression of myocolonic movements goes with the
      fall in blood bismuth levels, whilst improvement in the confusional syndrome is
      aomewhat delayed. There is a significant correlation between bismuth levels in
      the blood and urine. The excretion of bismuth is slow, and the persistence of
      blood and urinary bismuth levels higher than normal for several weeks after the
      acute phases and the interruption of the ingestion of bismuth salts reflects the
      existence of stable bonds between the metal and cellular constituents. The
      authors have observed a non-negligeable solubility of bismuth sub-nitrate in
      certain drinking waters, which brings up the hypothesis of a possible role of the
      hydrosobulity of bismuth in the pathogenesis of the intoxication.

PMID- 976333
TI  - [Specific assessment of the cerebral and cardiac effects of asphyxic hypoxia.
      Application to the study of substances with protective activity].
AB  - The influence of asphyxia on electrocorticogram (E. Co. G.) and electrocardiogram
      (E. C. G.) has been studied in curarized rats. The delay between the heightening
      of the ST component of E. C. G. and the disappearance of E. Co. G. pattern was
      measured. It provided more useful information on cerebral survival during
      asphyxia than the only study of E. Co. G. did. This delay was increased (cerebral
      antihypoxic effect) after intravenous treatment with pyritinol (50 mg/kg),
      vincamine (5 mg/kg) or propranolol (1 mg/kg), but it was not influenced by
      pentobarbital (60 mg/kg).

PMID- 976334
TI  - [Continuous inhalation of small amounts of formaldehyde: experimental study in
      the rat].
AB  - The results of experiments on the Rat, about the effects of continuous inhalation
      of 1.60, 4.55 and 8,07 ppm of formaldehyde, are reported: 150 SPF male rats were
      observed during one and an half to three months. These experiments concerned the
      clinical observation of the rats, their body weight and food intake, the relative
      weights of their lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen, the number and activity of
      their alveolar macrophages harvested by pulmonary washing. 1degree At 1.60 ppm it
      was only observed a yellowing of the hair of the intoxicated rats. 2degrees At
      4.55 ppm, besides, the body weight of the intoxicated animals became
      significantly lower than the controls. 3degrees At 8.07 ppm, in addition to those
      differences, it appeared signs of irritation in the upper respiratory tract and
      in the eyes of the intoxicated rats, a significant underfeeding and a percentage
      of liver weight lower than the controls. Besides, the relative number and the
      phagocytic ability of alveolar macrophages of intoxicated rats was significantly
      lower than the controls. It was not observed the phenomena of adaptation
      previously described in the experimental rat intoxication by acrolein.

PMID- 976335
TI  - [Treatment of acute lithium poisoning with forced furosemide diuresis
      (physicopharmacodynamic bases)].
AB  - The basis of the treatment of acute lithium intoxication is clearance of the
      poison from the blood. Lithium and sodium ions being excreted under the influence
      of furosemide, the authors feel, in the light of one case, that forced diuresis,
      non-agressive, using furosemide appears to be the method of choice.

PMID- 976336
TI  - Structural changes in the plasma membrane of synchronized P815Y mastocytoma
      cells.

PMID- 976337
TI  - Synthesis and degradation of proteins in cultured, androgen-responsive tumour
      cells.

PMID- 976338
TI  - Cycloheximide elicits in human fibroblasts a response characteristic for
      initiation of cell proliferation.

PMID- 976340
TI  - Comparative protein patterns in chromatins from mouse teratocarcinoma cells.

PMID- 976339
TI  - Hydrophobic affinity partition in aqueous two-phase systems of erythrocytes from
      different species. Systems containing polyethylene glycol-palmitate.

PMID- 976341
TI  - The protein composition of HeLa ribosomal subunits and nucleolar precursor
      particles.

PMID- 976342
TI  - Altered collagen fibrillogenesis in embryonic mouse limb cartilage deficient in
      matrix granules.

PMID- 976343
TI  - Reactivation of chick erythrocyte nuclei in young and senescent WI38 cells.

PMID- 976344
TI  - The proportion of cells labeled with tritiated thymidine as a function of
      population doubling level in cultures of fetal, adult, mutant, and tumor origin.

PMID- 976345
TI  - Steroid hormone radioautography in cultured cells. Studies with Shionogi
      carcinoma 115.

PMID- 976346
TI  - Maintenance of differentiation in primary cultures of avian tendon cells.

PMID- 976347
TI  - The utilization of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA for the analysis of
      cellular kinetics.

PMID- 976348
TI  - Characterization of RNA synthesis in mid-pachytene spermatocytes of the rat.

PMID- 976349
TI  - An endothelial growth-stimulating factor from salivary glands.

PMID- 976350
TI  - Nucleolar transcription during plant mitosis. In situ assay for RNA polymerase
      activity.

PMID- 976351
TI  - Isolation of informoferes from rat liver. Effects of alpha-amanitin and
      actinomycin D.

PMID- 976352
TI  - The multicomponent nature of teratoma cell adhesion factor.

PMID- 976353
TI  - Effect of the ionic environment on the transcriptional activity of rat liver
      nucleoli.

PMID- 976354
TI  - [Age-dependent changes in cytophotometric properties of nuclear DNA and histones
      in newts (Triturus vulgaris and Triturus cristatus)].

PMID- 976355
TI  - Demonstration of spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges in vivo.

PMID- 976356
TI  - Surface membrane changes in mitogen-transformed lymphocytes.

PMID- 976357
TI  - A serum protein that stimulates macrophage movement, chemotaxis and spreading.

PMID- 976358
TI  - Cholesterol inhibition of the temporary increase of membrane fluidity of
      lymphocytes induced by mitogenic lectins.

PMID- 976359
TI  - Attachment of fibroblasts to a polyanionic surface promoted by adenosine and
      prostaglandin E1.

PMID- 976360
TI  - Localization of sulfated glycosaminoglycans within cell nuclei by high-resolution
      autoradiography.

PMID- 976361
TI  - Biosynthetic and immunochemical characterization of large protein in frog and
      cattle rod outer segment membranes.

PMID- 976362
TI  - Phosphatidyl choline metabolism in the frog rod photoreceptor.

PMID- 976363
TI  - Rhodopsin as a glycoprotein: a possible role for the oligosaccharide in
      phagocytosis.

PMID- 976364
TI  - Lipids of bovine retinal pigment epithelium.

PMID- 976365
TI  - Subcellular distribution of 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase activity in bovine
      pigment epithelium.

PMID- 976366
TI  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in retinal pigmented epithelium: possible
      association of genetic differences in a drug-metabolizing enzyme system with
      retinal degeneration.

PMID- 976367
TI  - Role of the pigment epithelium in inherited retinal degeneration analyzed with
      experimental mouse chimeras.

PMID- 976368
TI  - Pigment epithelial dystrophy in the dog.

PMID- 976369
TI  - Possible roles of microtubules and actin filaments in retinal pigmented
      epithelium.

PMID- 976370
TI  - On the existence of several isoelectric forms of bovine rhodopsin.

PMID- 976371
TI  - Biosynthesis of mannose-containing heteropolymers by cell-free preparations of
      bovine retina.

PMID- 976372
TI  - Lateral membrane morphology and gap junction structure in rabbit corneal
      endothelium.

PMID- 976373
TI  - On the calcium concentration of cataractous and normal human lenses and protein
      fractions of cataractous lenses.

PMID- 976374
TI  - Deferoxamine: effects on intravitreal iron.

PMID- 976375
TI  - The bovine lens as an ion-exchanger: a comparison with ion levels in human
      cataractous lenses.

PMID- 976376
TI  - Aqueous humor in lens repair and cell proliferation.

PMID- 976377
TI  - Lens membranes II. Isolation and characterization of the main intrinsic
      polypeptide (MIP) of bovine lens fiber membranes.

PMID- 976378
TI  - Corneal epithelium of buphthalmic rabbit eyes in cell culture.

PMID- 976379
TI  - The levels of free taurine, glutamate, glycine and gamma-amino butyric acid
      during the postnatal development of the normal and dystrophic retina of the
      mouse.

PMID- 976380
TI  - Formation of intercellular spaces and junctions in regenerating rabbit corneal
      endothelium.

PMID- 976381
TI  - Experimental chorioretinitis in rabbits following injection of autologous retina
      in Freund's complete adjuvant.

PMID- 976382
TI  - Activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt in the outer segments of normal and
      dystrophic rat retinae.

PMID- 976383
TI  - Lipids in tissues of the eye. XII. Phospholipid and sphingomyelin concentrations
      in bovine lenses in relation to differentiation and ageing.

PMID- 976384
TI  - Studies on the crystalline lens. XXII. Characterization of chloride movement
      based on the pump-leak model.

PMID- 976385
TI  - Dynamic viscoelastic properties of bovine viterous.

PMID- 976386
TI  - Effects of intracranial oculomotor nerve stimulation on ocular blood flow in
      rabbits: modification by indomethacin.

PMID- 976387
TI  - Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs.
AB  - Using the in vitro colony assay, clonogenic fibroblast precursor cells (CFU-F)
      were detected in the bone marrow, spleen and thymus from adult mice. The survival
      curve for CFU-F of mouse bone marrow irradiated in vitro has a D0 of 220 r.
      Regeneration of bone marrow CFU-F after whole-body irradiation with 150 r is
      characterized by a marked secondary loss and post-irradiation lag and dip,
      lasting 6 days, followed by return to normal values by about the 25th day. This
      pattern of post-radiation recovery of CFU-F is similar to that of the CFU-s. In
      addition, during the first 6 hours following irradiation the number of CFU-F
      increased approximately twofold.

PMID- 976388
TI  - Techniques for induction of neutropenia and granulocytosis in rats.
AB  - After a single administration of vinblastine, rats develop profound neutropenia.
      The agranulocytosis lasts 3 days, and it is observed on the third, fourth and
      fifth day after vinblastine administration. The granulocytosis that develops on
      days 7-14 after vinblastine administration was significantly increased when
      androgenic steroids were administered. Deca-Durabolin induced greater
      granulocytosis than testosterone. The peak values were observed 10 and 12 days,
      respectively, after drug administration. All values of WBC's, granulocytes and
      hematocrit ratios were obtained in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats from an
      aortic cannula implanted at least 10 days prior to the experiment.

PMID- 976389
TI  - The influence of steroids on erythropoiesis in mouse fetal liver cell cultures:
      relevance of cell cycle state.
AB  - It has been shown that erythropoietin-mediated stimulation of heme synthesis in
      mouse fetal liver cells in vitro is correlated with hydroxyurea sensitivity.
      Assuming that OHU is specifically cytotoxic for cells in DNA synthesis this
      suggests that erythropoietin sensitivity may be related to this phase of the cell
      cycle. The direct effects of 19-nortestosterone and 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan
      20-one on heme synthesis correlated with the capacity of these steroids to
      initiate DNA synthesis. It is suggested that the ability of these steroids to
      increase the proportion of cells in the Ep-sensitive phase of the cell cycle is
      probably the mechanism responsible for the erythropoietic effects of these
      agents. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one appears to have a different mode of
      action since it has only minimal effects on heme synthesis and did not increase
      hydroxyurea sensitivity.

PMID- 976390
TI  - Effect of androgens on maturation and metabolism of erythroid tissue.
AB  - Specific changes taking place in the erythroid tissue following depletion or
      replacement of androgens were studied in rats. The reduction of testosterone
      levels in blood of orchiectomized animals did occur in conjunction with a decline
      of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and lactate levels. No evidence of
      anemia was observed. The subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate
      (16.0 mg/kg) to orchiectomized rats restored, within 12 hours, blood testosterone
      levels as well as erythrocyte G6P levels and lactate production. The in vitro
      incorporation of glucose-1-14C into rat erythrocytes incubated with testosterone
      was comparable to that of control cells. A radioautographic study of rat
      erythroid marrow pulsed with glucose-1-14C showed a lower labeling when
      testosterone propionate was administered. The authors conclude that testosterone
      does directly affect glucose metabolism of erythroid cells, via the pentose shunt
      pathway. The possible role of the androgen-dependent enhancement of erythroid
      glycolysis is discussed in relation to the function of testosterone receptocytes
      present in marrow cells and a 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase present in
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 976391
TI  - Effects of radiation on hematopoietic stroma.
AB  - The effects of x-irradiation on the CFU-S and on the hematopoietic stroma (HS-P)
      were studied and compared. Exposure to 300 rad reduced the CFU-S population to
      less than 1% of normal; by contrast more than 500 rad was required to detectably
      damage the HS-P. Although exposture to 500 rad did not detectably affect HS-P
      function, a second exposure to 500 rad as much as 4 weeks later did appreciably
      affect the HS-P. In addition, whereas the CFU-S returned to the pre-irradiation
      level within 6 weeks, the HS-P did not significantly recover. From these data we
      conclude that, with respect to the initial impact and exposure dose, HS-P is more
      radioresistant than CFU-S, but recovery from radiation induced damage of HS-P
      occurs slowly or does not take place.

PMID- 976392
TI  - Bone marrow stem cells in high and low lines of Swiss mice.

PMID- 976393
TI  - Time-lapse characterization of erythrocytic colony-forming cells in plasma
      cultures.
AB  - The development of erythrocytic colonies in plasma cultures of C3H/Bi mouse fetal
      liver cells stimulated with erythropoietin was recorded by time-lapse
      cinemicrography, in order to investigate the nature of the colony-forming unit
      (CFU-E) from which they arose. Each colony was found to develop from a single
      cell, which in most cases underwent two divisions before acquiring hemoglobin, as
      detected by absorption in the Soret band. Less frequently, there were one or
      three divisions before hemoglobin appeared at 11.7 to 29.2 h. The diameter of the
      colony-forming cells in G2 was 16.0+/-1.3 mum (mean+/-SD). Daughter cells in each
      colony had similar generation times, with a TG of 11.0+/-2.2 h (mean+/-SD) for
      the first generation of colony cells. Evidence is presented that while some of
      the colony-forming cells were triggered into division by the erythropoietin added
      at plating, others had already been stimulated by endogenous erythropoietin in
      the fetus.

PMID- 976394
TI  - Fulminant Purkinje cell death following axotomy and its use for analysis of the
      dendritic arborization.
AB  - Young and adult cats were operated upon and a number of the vermal cerebellar
      folia were either transected with a vertical incision or isolated by a horizontal
      cut. In the proximity of the lesion, Purkinje cell bodies and their dendritic
      trees became stainable with the Fink-Heimer method. Electron microscopy of the
      silver stained sections show that the argyrophilic Purkinje neurons undergo an
      electron dense type of degeneration. Stellate cell dendrites adjacent to the
      degenerating Purkinje trees are normal, suggesting that the cause of cell death
      is axotomy close to the perikaryon rather than direct injury. The retrograde
      Purkinje cell degeneration is fulminant since it is evident 6 hours after the
      lesion. In Fink-Heimer stained sections the entire dendritic tree is impregnated
      1-3 days after the lesion. 4-10 days post-operatively, the flattened dendritic
      tree becomes fragmented and is partially phagocytized. The silver stained
      arborizations are approximately 280 mu in width and have an uneven thickness (8
      16 mu). In longitudinal and horizontal silver stained sections of lesioned
      cerebellar folia, uninterrupted fields of degenerating Purkinje cell
      arborizations can be seen, suggesting that the arborizations overlap. The overlap
      was demonstrated in electron micrographs of single degenerating arborizations
      surrounded by normal dendritic trees. The degree of overlap varies with the
      thickness of the arborization and is in the order of 1-2 mu. This approach
      indicates that each Purkinje tree occupies an exclusive sheet of molecular layer
      8 mu thick and may overlap for as much as 2 mu on each side with neighboring
      trees. The average thickness of the Purkinje tree is approximately 12 mu.

PMID- 976395
TI  - Eye tracking of self-moved targets in the absence of vision.
AB  - Smooth pursuit eye movements have been described as resulting from the tracking
      of self-moved targets in total darkness. This study investigated the nature of
      the signal responsible for the release of smooth pursuit in this particular
      situation. Simultaneous monitoring of eye and hand positions shows that in total
      darkness smooth pursuit can only be released if the imagined target is either
      passively or actively moved by the subject's hand. An ischaemic block applied at
      the level of the biceps allowed us to selectively remove the afferent signal
      preferentially to the efferent copy in tasks involving eye tracking of an
      imaginary target actively or passively moved. The results show that an afferent
      signal was necessary and sufficient to release smooth pursuit, whereas the
      efferent copy alone could not trigger smooth pursuit. However, the efferent copy
      could play an important role in the phase relationship (prediction) between eye
      and finger events and in the activation of the concomitantly active saccadic
      system. Analysis of the eye movement characteristics, in various non-visually
      guided, load-affected situations, suggested that the main input to the smooth
      pursuit system was derived, in a non-graded way, from the position detector
      activation of the target-moving structure.

PMID- 976396
TI  - Quantitative ultrastructural observations on the inhibited recovery of the
      hypoglossal nucleus from the axotomy response when regeneration of the
      hypoglossal nerve is prevented.
AB  - Electron micrographs of the left hypoglossal nucleus were quantitatively analyzed
      in adult rats 52 to 98 days after transection of the left hypoglossal nerve and
      implantation of the proximal stump into the already innervated ipsilateral
      sternomastoid muscle, a procedure which prevented the transected nerve from
      regenerating. Many presynaptic boutons with clear spherical synaptic vesicles and
      symmetrical synapses were lost from the injured perikarya and dendrites. Some
      perikarya and dendrites (and, rarely, boutons) became electron dense, and
      astrocyte or microglial sheaths partly surrounded them. Numbers of dendrite
      profiles in the neuropil decreased. These statistically significant effects
      persisted throughout the postoperative period, whereas after axotomy with
      unimpeded nerve regeneration, these features would have returned to normal by 84
      days postoperatively. It was therefore suggested that their recovery depended
      upon successful regeneration and reconnection of the hypoglossal nerve with the
      tongue. Subsurface cisterns, and profiles containing unusual inclusions, were
      numerically normal 52 to 98 days postoperatively, so it was suggested that their
      early response and recovery after simple axotomy might be entirely dependent on
      nerve disconnection and not on nerve reconnection.

PMID- 976397
TI  - Age dependence of the effect of squint on cells in kittens' visual cortex.
AB  - The period of susceptibility of the visual cortex of kittens to the effect of
      squint is limited to the first three postnatal months. The reduction of
      binocularity found in these kittens as reflected by the distribution of neurons
      according to their ocular dominance is especially emphasized in animals operated
      on between the ages of 4-7 weeks in comparison to animals operated on between the
      ages of 8-11 weeks. The proportion of monocularly dominated neurons within the
      first three postnatal months is significantly (0.05 greater than p greater than
      0.025) reduced with age. Similar effect on cortical neurons was found for animals
      who were under the influence of squint for 6 weeks or 15 months and for animals
      with wide range of deviation angles.

PMID- 976398
TI  - The synaptic organization of the cerebello-olivary circuit.
AB  - Section of the superior cerebellar peduncle just rostral to the deep cerebellar
      nuclei results in degenerating axon terminals within the contralateral inferior
      olive. The nuclear origin of this fiber system and its distribution within the
      subdivisions of the inferior olive were described in a companion study (Martin et
      al., 1976). Precise localization of these degenerating terminals within the
      nucleus was accomplished by the examination of 1 mu plastic sections cut from
      each tissue block prior to thin sectioning. Degenerating axon terminals are
      present in all the nuclear subdivisions and when seen with the electron
      microscope they frequently are localized in the previously described synaptic
      clusters (King, 1976). These terminals demonstrate an electron dense reaction at
      survival times of 2 and 3 days. By day 4, they are shrunken and irregular in
      shape, and typically are surrounded by astrocyte processes. Cerebello-olivary
      axon terminals measure 1-3 mu, contain spherical, clear synaptic vesicles and
      typically contact spiny appendages within the synaptic clusters (glomeruli).
      Thus, we have demonstrated that one of the primary axon systems which terminates
      within the synaptic clusters is from the cerebellar nuclei. We have yet to
      determine the origins of the remaining terminals within the synaptic clusters
      which include endings with either smaller spherical, pleomorphic or numerous
      dense core vesicles.

PMID- 976399
TI  - Unusually large receptive fields in cats with restricted visual experience.
AB  - The receptive fields of striate cortex neurons were analyzed in cats which had
      restricted or no visual experience. Two groups of animals were investigated: 1.
      cats which were deprived from contour vision over variable periods of time up to
      1 year and 2. kittens whose visual experience was restricted to vertically
      oriented gratings of constant spatial frequency which moved unidirectionally at a
      fixed distance in front of the restrained animals. In both preparations
      exceedingly large receptive fields (up to 20 degrees in diameter) were
      encountered, especially in cells located in supragranular layers. These large
      receptive fields never extended over more than 2 degrees into the ipsilateral
      hemifield. Their sensitivity profile was frequently asymmetric and contained
      discontinuities. Many of these large receptive fields consisted of several
      excitatory subregions which were separated from each other by as much as 15
      degrees. Often but not always the most sensitive area was located where the
      retinotopic map predicted the receptive field center. The orientation and
      direction selectivity and also the angular separation of such multiple excitatory
      bands often matched precisely the orientation, direction and spatial frequency of
      the experienced moving grating. In other fields with multiple excitatory
      subregions such a correspondence could not be established; the various subregions
      could even have different orientation and direction selectivities. From these
      unconventional receptive fields it is concluded that the function of cat striate
      cortex is not confined to a point by point analysis of the visual field in
      retinotopically organized and functionally isolated columns.

PMID- 976400
TI  - Input from trigeminal cutaneous afferents to neurones of the inferior olive in
      rats.
AB  - Extracellular recordings were obtained from inferior olivary neurones of the rat.
      The responses of fifty neurones evoked by electrical stimulation of a branch of
      the trigeminal nerve were recorded. Maxillary nerve stimulation was most
      effective. The response was characterized by an early discharge (single spike and
      wave, typically with latencies between 16 and 30 msec) and a weak late discharge
      which followed a period of inhibition of about 100 msec. Half of the neurones
      responded to one branch of the trigeminal nerve only whereas the other neurons
      displayed a varying degree of convergence, including sometimes a convergence from
      limb nerves. Forty-nine olivary neurones were tested for cutaneous receptive
      fields. Ten out of these had small receptive fields (less than 20% of the
      contralateral face) and a low threshold to mechanical stimuli. Twenty neurones
      which had larger receptive fields responded also to low-threshold or to medium
      threshold (i.e. non-nociceptive) mechanical stimuli. None of the neurones
      displayed receptive fields more extensive than half of the contralateral face and
      some of the larger fields had a small, low-threshold focus. Olivary neurones
      responding to electrical stimulation of trigeminal nerves or mechanical
      stimulation of the face were located in the medial segment of the olivary complex
      (dorsal accessory and principal olive). A few cells only were located in the
      lateral segment. It is concluded that neurones of the inferior olive receive a
      substantial input from trigeminal afferents and are capable of transmitting
      precise somatotopical information to the cerebellum.

PMID- 976401
TI  - Effects of caudate nuclei or frontal cortex ablations in cats: III. Recovery of
      limb placing reactions, including observations in hemispherectomized animals.

PMID- 976402
TI  - Responses of caudal raphe neurons to peripheral somatic stimulation.

PMID- 976403
TI  - Ipsiversive rotation elicited by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalon: an
      analysis of intracranial electrical stimulation parameters and refractory
      periods.

PMID- 976404
TI  - Differences in the behavioral effects of single-stage and serial lesions of the
      hippocampus.

PMID- 976405
TI  - The effects of morphine and nalorphine on the jaw-opening reflex in rabbits.

PMID- 976406
TI  - Specific deficits in regulatory drinking following electrolytic lesions of the
      lateral hypothalamus.

PMID- 976407
TI  - Afferent excitability compared using pulsating versus constant direct current
      electroanalgesia in cat tooth pulp.

PMID- 976408
TI  - Electrophysiological studies of the septal nuclei: I. The lateral septal region.

PMID- 976409
TI  - Progressive dendritic changes in the aging human limbic system.

PMID- 976410
TI  - Amino acid transport by two glial cell lines and by proliferating glia.

PMID- 976411
TI  - Contractile properties of rabbit fast and slow muscles in steroid myopathy.

PMID- 976412
TI  - Capillary transport of amino acids in the developing brain.

PMID- 976413
TI  - Effect of preganglionic application of vinblastine-impregnated silastic cuffs on
      acetylcholinesterase, butyrocholinesterase, and acetylcholine contents of cat
      superior cervical ganglion.

PMID- 976414
TI  - Recovery of regulatory drinking following lateral hypothalamic lesions: nature of
      residual deficits analyzed by NaCl and water infusions.

PMID- 976415
TI  - Response properties of distinct neuronal subsets in hindlimb sensorimotor
      cerebral cortex of the domestic cat.

PMID- 976416
TI  - Population response patterns of distinct neuronal subsets in hindlimb
      sensorimotor cerebral cortex of the domestic cat.

PMID- 976417
TI  - Mode of activation of pyramidal neurons by mossy fiber stimulation in thin
      hippocampal slices in vitro.

PMID- 976418
TI  - Posthodiplostomum minimum: examination of cyst wall and metacercaria containing
      calcarious concretions with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis.

PMID- 976419
TI  - Anticoccidial drugs: effects on infectivity and survival intracellularly of
      Eimeria tenella sporozoites.

PMID- 976420
TI  - Hymenolepis microstoma: correlation of histopathological host response and organ
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 976421
TI  - Brugia malayi, Brugia pahangi, and Brugia patei: pulmonary pathology in jirds,
      Meriones unguiculatus.

PMID- 976422
TI  - Fasciola hepatica: the effect of challenge by the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal
      route with living adult flukes in sensitized rats.

PMID- 976423
TI  - Polyplax serrata: effects of limb disability on lousiness in mice. VI. Lack of
      tolerance after neonatal exposure.

PMID- 976424
TI  - Trypanosoma evansi: therapeutic efficacy of diminazine aceturate in crossbred
      calves, Bos taurus and B. indicus.

PMID- 976425
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: a rapid "matching" method for estimating the host's
      parasitemia.

PMID- 976426
TI  - Brugia pahangi: depressed mitogen reactivity in filarial infections in the jird,
      Meriones unguiculatus.

PMID- 976427
TI  - Reflexine, a new indole alkaloid of Rauwolfia reflexa.

PMID- 976428
TI  - Elevated kidney glucosyltransferase activity in genetic prediabetic mice.
AB  - Glucosyltransferase activity in the renal cortex of genetic diabetic KK mice was
      significantly increased at 40 days of age when compared to that of Swiss albino
      and F1 hybrid mice. This increase in enzyme activity in the absence of glucose
      intolerance can be regarded as an earlier genetic marker for the diagnosis of
      diabetic microangiopathy.

PMID- 976429
TI  - Metabolism of 1,3,7-trimethyldihydrouric acid in the rat: new metabolic pathway
      of caffeine.
AB  - [1-CH3-14C] 1,3,7-trimethyldihydrouric acid which, in quantity, is the most
      important caffeine metabolite, was isolated and purified from the urine of rats
      fed with [1-CH3-14C] caffeine. The oral administration of this metabolite to rats
      showed that 1,3,7-trimethyldihydrouric acid was excreted unchanged in urine and
      was therefore an end product of caffeine metabolism. This result implies a new
      metabolic pathway of caffeine.

PMID- 976430
TI  - The desulphation of hexosamine sulphates by arylsulphatase B.
AB  - The sulphation of Carbobenzoxyglucosamine by chlorosulphonic acid resulted in
      formation of N-carbobenzoxyglucosamine-4,6-disulphate. UDP-galactosamine 4
      sulphate and glucosamine 4,6-disulphate were the competitive inhibitors of
      arylsulphatase B. Arylsulphatase B can hydrolyze UDP-galactosamine 4-sulphate and
      glucosamine 4,6-disulphate but not galactosamine 6-sulphate.

PMID- 976431
TI  - Close correlation between levels of cholesterol and free fatty acids in lymphoid
      cells.

PMID- 976432
TI  - Antigenicity of thermal denatured Yoshida glycoprotein.

PMID- 976433
TI  - [Effect of 6beta-Methoxy-9beta,10alpha-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (Ro 6-1963) on
      the steroid reductases in rat liver].
AB  - 6beta-Methoxy-9beta,10 alpha-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione inhibits the delta4-3
      oxosteroid-5alpha-reduction in microsomes and the delta4-3-oxosteroid-5beta
      reduction in the soluble fraction of male rat liver. The 3alpha- and 3beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are not inhibited by these substances.

PMID- 976434
TI  - Thiamine diphosphatase in rat small intestine.
AB  - TDPase is located mostly in the proximal portion of the small intestine and its
      activity, like that of ALPase, decreased markedly in thiamine deficiency. The
      decreased enzyme activities were restored after thiamine or vitamin D3. Kinetic
      and other studies of the purified enzyme indicated the identity of the two
      enzymes.

PMID- 976435
TI  - Reactions of the goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus L.) to quantified mechanical
      and thermal stimuli.
AB  - Goldfish can differentiate between mechanical and thermal stimuli components in
      combined stimulations. Reactions to heated thermode (deltaT = + 3 degrees C)
      differ from those to isotherm thermode by up to 30%. Additional pretension (0.5
      p) increases the reaction more than double; at simultaneously varied temperature
      (deltaT = + 3 degrees C and + 5 degrees C), there is a further increase in
      reaction of 25% and 35%. The significance for the organism of the two stimuli
      components is discussed.

PMID- 976436
TI  - Kinetics of lymphocyte division in blood cultures studied with the BrdU-Giemsa
      technique.
AB  - Normal human lymphocytes were cultured for 72 h with different doses of BrdU. The
      analysis of metaphases processed with the BrdU-Giemsa method shows that in
      leukocyte cultures 3 different lymphocyte populations coexist which are able to
      perform 1, 2 or 3 rounds of replication in vitro. Moreover, it was concluded that
      5 mug/ml is the minimal dose of BrdU inducing good differentiation in the areas
      of sister chromatid exchanges.

PMID- 976437
TI  - The effect of sulfhydryl reagents upon the activity of 40S ribosomal subunits.
AB  - p-Chloromercuribenzoate inhibited the poly (U)-dependent binding of the Phe-tRNA
      to the 40S ribosomal subunit but displayed no inhibitory effect on the binding of
      poly (U) to the ribosome. Other sulfhydryl reagents tested, like N-ethylmaleimide
      and iodoacetamide, did not affect the binding of Phe-tRNA to the small ribosomal
      subunit.

PMID- 976438
TI  - Juvenile hormone analogue counteracts growth stimulation and inhibition by
      ecdysones in clonal Drosophila cell line.
AB  - Depending on concentration, ecdysones either stimulate or inhibit proliferation
      of a clonal Drosophila cell line. Both effects are counteracted by ethyl
      dichlorofarnesoate, a juvenile hormone analogue, which by itself is growth
      inhibitory. Qualitatively no difference was seen between alpha- and beta
      ecdysone.

PMID- 976439
TI  - Chromosome banding patterns and the nucleolar organizer region of the eastern
      mole (Scalopus aquaticus).
AB  - The C and G chromosome banding patterns and the AgAS positive sites (NOR regions)
      of cultured lung cells of the Eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) are presented. A
      distinctive secondary constriction is found on a pair of autosomes instead of on
      the X-chromosome as previously believed. The presence of a heterochromatic
      heteromorphism is noted and a large amount of constitutive heterochromatin is
      present in the karyotype.

PMID- 976440
TI  - Acid phosphatases in Drosophila auraria.
AB  - A study was carried out dealing with the acid phosphatases, in larvae, pupae and
      adults of Drosophila auraria. The most interesting finding is that the acid
      phosphatases are observed in 3 different phenotypes appearing as groups of 3
      bands of different mobilities in the homozygotes and giving a 5 band phenotype in
      the heterozygote. A hypothesis is discussed in an attempt to explain the
      phenotypes observed and their variation during the development of the species.

PMID- 976441
TI  - Unstirred layer thickness in perfused rat jejunum in vivo.

PMID- 976442
TI  - Direct relationship between urinary prostaglandin E and sodium excretion in
      essential hypertensive patients.
AB  - Urinary prostaglandins (PGEs and PGFs), sodium and potassium were measured in 17
      essentially hypertensive patients. Significant positive correlations were found
      between a) PGEs secreted in 24 h and sodium excreted in 24 h, b) the ratio
      PGEs/UnaV before and PGEs/UnaV after volume expansion and c) the ration Na/K and
      urinary PGEs. It was suggested that renal PGEs, potent natriuretic and diuretic
      substances, play an important homeostatic role in the extracellular fluid
      regulation, and consequently in long-term control of the arterial blood pressure.

PMID- 976443
TI  - The action of cycloheximide on the action potential and protein synthesis in
      medullated Xenopus axons.
AB  - Cycloheximide depresses maximum rate of change in membrane potential observed
      during the rising phase of the action potential in single medullated axons of
      Xenopus. To,e course of depression is independent of cycloheximide concentration
      over a range that almost completely inhibits leucine incorporation into axonal
      proteins.

PMID- 976444
TI  - Lateral hypothalamic feeding sites and gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 976445
TI  - Effects of various degrees of undernutrition of mice on pregnancy and conceptus.
AB  - Maternal intake of drastically (1/2 of control) and substantially (1/2 of
      control) reduced feeding was studied in pregnant mice during gestation and
      embryonic development. Resorptions, fetal mortality rate and fetal weight were
      significantly affected by maternal undernutrition during the treatment period.
      The number of fetuses with intrauterine weight retardation was also significant.

PMID- 976446
TI  - Central venous pressure: normal value and length of body.

PMID- 976447
TI  - The change of vagal activity evoked by spinal cord thermal stimulation in
      anesthetized rabbits.
AB  - Vagal activity decreased significantly during spinal cord warming and increased
      significantly during spinal cord cooling in anesthetized, immobilized rabbits.
      The results provide the first direct proff of changes in parsympathetic activity
      during spinal thermal stimulation.

PMID- 976448
TI  - Transmural pressure as a determinant of basic intrinsic heart rate.
AB  - It was observed that the heart rate was minimum at zero transmural pressure. The
      mean heart rate at zero transmural pressure was 23+/-5/min. This mean heart rate
      increased from 23+/-5/min to a peak value of 40+/-6/min (74% acceleration) when
      the transmural pressure was raised from 0 to +4 mm Hg and to a similar peak value
      of 36+/-8/min (56% acceleration) when the transmural pressure was lowered from 0
      to -4 mm Hg. The peak values attained at +/-4 mm Hg were highly significant (p
      less than 0.001). It is concluded that the heart rate at zero transmural pressure
      represents the basic intrinsic pacemaker frequency independent of neural,
      humoral, thermal and haemodynamically induced mechanical influences.

PMID- 976449
TI  - Rudiments of an ability for time measurement in the cavernicolous fish
      Anoptichthys jordani hubbs and innes (Pisces Characidae).
AB  - Rudiments of an ability for endogenous time-measuring are indicated a) by bimodal
      activity in the dark phase of LD-cycles of 16:16 or 24:24 h and b) by damped
      activity oscillations frequently following a transition from LD to constant
      conditions. These oscillations always have the same period length as the applied
      LD.

PMID- 976450
TI  - Distribution of H3-dimetacrine in rat cerebral cortex by electron microscopic
      autoradiography.
AB  - The cellular distribution of H3-dimetacrine in rat cerebral cortex was studied by
      electron microscopic autoradiography. A considerable proportion of
      autoradiographic grains (40.6%) was located over the synaptic areas, while the
      other strictires (i.e., dendrites, axons, glial and neuronal cells) contained
      less autoradiographic activity.

PMID- 976451
TI  - The role of calcium in the negative inotropic effect of lanthanum.
AB  - Lanthanum reduces the rate of calcium fast exchanging processes, whereas the
      slowly exchanging phase is not modified. Experimental data also confirm the
      importance of calcium fast exchanging fraction in regulating contractile force of
      cardiac muscle.

PMID- 976452
TI  - Reexamination of vertical activity in rats treated with lithium chloride.

PMID- 976453
TI  - Lipoperoxide formation in the retina in ocular siderosis.
AB  - Insertion of iron nail into the vitreous cavity provoke the formation of
      lipoperoxide in the retina. In acord with the increase in lipoperoxide in the
      retina, ERG began to decrease. In vitro experiment using isolated retina,
      lipoperoxide was found to be increased in the presence of ferric or ferrous ions,
      while it was inhibited by adding antioxidants or ethylenediamine tetraacetate.
      From these results, direct cause of retinal degeneration in siderosis could be
      ascribed to the formation of lipoperosice by iron-ions liberated from the piece
      of iron, resulting into the degeneration of the visual cell layers of the retina.

PMID- 976454
TI  - The subcommissural organ of the lizard Lacerta s. sicula Raf. ultrastructure
      during the winter.
AB  - The secretory activity of the SCO cells of Lacerta s. sicula Raf. is strongly
      reduced during the winter. Such reduction is documented by the decrease of the
      decrease of the number of secretory granules type A and B described in previous
      papers in the summer SCO cells. Also the sacks of RER filled with electron-dense
      material (type C secretion) are very few; in their place there are, in the basal
      region of the cells, large vacuoles. In the distal region of the cells, at the
      free cell surface, a pronounced increase in the number of microvilli is noticed.

PMID- 976455
TI  - On the mechanism of water uptake by the developing eggs of Calotes versicolor.
AB  - Experiments show that osmotic gradient has a role in the absorption of water by
      the semi-cleidoic egg of Calotes versicolor. The observations also indicate that
      in nature the eggs need to be laid in water-saturated soil and can easily
      withstand flooding but not dryness.

PMID- 976456
TI  - [Germinal population of gonads in some chimerical embryos obtained by connecting
      pieces of japanese quail and domestic chick blastoderms (author's transl)].
AB  - The experimental realization of chemerical embryos (Martin's13 technic) permits a
      quantitative appreciation of the modalities of the colonization of quail gonads
      by chick germ cells. Results clearly show that nature and origin of the somatic
      part of the gonad areas settle the characters of the genital ridges populating,
      and specially the specific index of asymmetry expressed by the percentage of PGC
      colonizing the right gonad.

PMID- 976457
TI  - Origin of ovarian follicle cells in birds.
AB  - In the embryonic Japanese quail ovary, transplanted on chicken chorioallantoic
      membrane (CAM), follicle cells are derived from somatic cells of the ovarian
      surface epithelium. No evidence was found for a contribution of other cell groups
      of the quail ovary in the formation of follicle cells. This may be demonstrated
      on PAS stained sections, by following the transfer of carbon particles, initially
      applied on the surface epithelium.

PMID- 976458
TI  - Association of mastopoiesis with haemopoietic tissues in the neonatal rat.
AB  - Mast cells in the newborn rat occur in harmopoietic foci of liver and spleen, but
      disappear from those foci as extramedullary harmopoiesis ceases during the
      initial postnatal month. At the same time, mast cells increasingly populate bone
      marrow and connective tissues of heart, lung, stomach and portal tract of liver.

PMID- 976459
TI  - Occurrence of ecdysone in the blood of the chelicerate arthropod, Limulus
      polyphemus.

PMID- 976460
TI  - A method for the detection of chemotaxis in mammalian tissue cells.

PMID- 976461
TI  - Lithium effects on vertical activity in rats: a reply to D. F. Smith.

PMID- 976462
TI  - Blood plasma investigations by resonance Raman spectroscopy: detection of
      carotenoid pigments.
AB  - Using Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate that low levels of beta-carotene,
      lycopene, and xanthophyll give rise to resonance enhanced bands in blood plasma.
      These results explain the significance of previously unidentified spectral maxima
      which have been related to the state of health of the blood donor.

PMID- 976463
TI  - Preparation of specific ligand for the purification of arylsulfatases by affinity
      chromatography.

PMID- 976464
TI  - Limitations of the direct linear plot in evaluation of drug-protein binding
      parameters.
AB  - The applicability of the direct linear plot is compared with that of the
      Scatchard plot for the estimation of protein binding parameters. Only, if one
      class of binding sites exists in the system tested, binding parameters may be
      estimated by use of the direct linear plot. On the other hand the Scatchard plot
      also provides estimates in systems with more that one class of binding sites.

PMID- 976465
TI  - Funding for reproductive research: the status and the needs.
AB  - Just to maintain the admittedly inadequate level of research in reproduction and
      contraceptive development attained in 1974 would require an investment of $143
      million this year--a level that has not been reached. To take advantage of
      existing knowledge, at least $361 million would be required--increasing to $498
      million by 1980. To achieve a high-priority research program--10 percent of
      health expenditures--would require $500 million this year--rising to $766 million
      by 1980.

PMID- 976466
TI  - How old is too old? Age and the sociology of fertility.
AB  - Are we due for a new baby boom as couples who had postponed childbearing begin to
      make up for lost time? Analysis of National Fertility Study data suggest that
      "later means fewer"--quite apart from the declining fecundity that occurs at
      older ages. Couples who delay having children until relatively late in life are
      subject to fewer pressures to have children (or more children) even as the
      reasons not to begin (or increase) their families become more salient.

PMID- 976467
TI  - Family planning needs and services in nonmetropolitan areas.
AB  - More than 215 million low- and marginal-income women living in rural areas are
      still without access to family planning services they want and need. Priority
      attention to more populous areas where there are no organized programs, or just
      one agency providing services, is suggested. Increased involvement of hospitals
      is necessary if the rural-urban gap is to be closed.

PMID- 976468
TI  - The U.S. fertility decline, 1961-1975: the contribution of changes in marital
      status and marital fertility.
AB  - Changes in marital fertility have accounted for 83 percent of the decline in
      total fertility since 1971; changes in marital status accounted for 19 percent,
      and changes in nonmarital fertility had only a negligible effect. Declines in the
      level of marital fertility account for a substantial part of the overall
      decrease; postponement of childbearing did not occur in any significant degree
      until the 1970s.

PMID- 976469
TI  - Comment and controversy no longer at risk: sex among the elderly.

PMID- 976470
TI  - Phosphoserine as an early product of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts and
      in leaves of Zea mays seedlings.

PMID- 976471
TI  - Hydrocarbon phase transitions, heterogeneous lipid distributions and lipid
      protein interactions in erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 976472
TI  - An improved T1 relaxation time determination of the syn-anti equilibrium of
      nucleotides in solution.

PMID- 976473
TI  - Absence of ppGpp production in synchronised Balb/C mouse 3T3 cells on isoleucine
      starvation.

PMID- 976474
TI  - Safranine as a probe of the mitochondrial membrane potential.

PMID- 976475
TI  - Affinity cytochemistry: the localization of lectin and antibody receptors on
      erythrocytes via the avidin-biotin complex.

PMID- 976476
TI  - Contribution of the alpha2 chain to the molecular stability of collagen.

PMID- 976477
TI  - Degradation of seminolipid by a lipase in secondary lysosomes.

PMID- 976478
TI  - Isolation and characterization of native AT-rich satellite DNA from nuclei of the
      orchid Cymbidium.

PMID- 976479
TI  - Identification of a protein involved in phosphate transport of chloroplasts.

PMID- 976480
TI  - Primary structure of the B subunit of cholera enterotoxin.

PMID- 976481
TI  - Neutron small-angle scattering studies of the general structure of the
      immunoglobulin G molecule.

PMID- 976482
TI  - Control of chlorophyll fluorescence by the diffuse double layer.

PMID- 976483
TI  - Identification of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in bovine factors IX and X,
      and in a new vitamin K-dependent protein.

PMID- 976484
TI  - Hypotension--a hypotensive peptide isolated from Crotalus atrox venom:
      purification, amino acid composition and terminal amino acid residues.

PMID- 976485
TI  - Epistemology and the support of biomedical science.

PMID- 976486
TI  - Theory transfer between the laboratory and the clinic: methodology, pitfalls and
      rewards.

PMID- 976487
TI  - Pathways to inflammation.

PMID- 976488
TI  - Pathway to adjuvant arthritis.

PMID- 976489
TI  - Quantitative studies of the pathway to acute carrageenan inflammation.
AB  - A 12-step scheme representing initiation and development of acute carrageenan
      inflammation in the rat has been devised. Simultaneous quantitative temporal
      measurement of the number of inflammatory cells mobilized and edema volume
      produced as carrageenan pleurisy developed helped elucidate several of the early
      steps, In the pleurisy a 20-min lag phase preceded both the mobilization of
      neutrophils and edema formation. Temporal histological studies suggested that the
      lag phase represents the time needed for the neutrophil chemotactic factor to be
      generated and/or released (steps 2 and 3) in addition to the time required for
      these cells to move through the walls of the capillaries into the pleural space
      (steps 4 and 5). The neutrophil chemotactic factor is unknown. The complement
      system is not involved since cobra venom factor-treated animals produced a normal
      edematous and cellular response to carrageenan in spite of severely depressed
      complement levels. The mobilized neutrophils are believed to phagocytize the
      carrageenan(step6). In this process lysosomal enzymes are released (step 7). Drug
      inhibition studies suggest that lysosomal enzymes are not the edemagenic agents
      in carrageenan inflammation. In the scheme these enzymes are responsible for
      activation of the prostaglandin biosynthetic chain (step 8). Prostaglandin
      biosynthesis (step 9) leads to the release of an intermediate (step 10), as yet
      unidentified, which is responsible for increased tissue permeability (step 11)
      and edema formation (step 12). Histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, arachidonic
      acid, and prostaglandin's E1 and E2 are not deemagenic in the rat pleural cavity
      and therefore cannot be responsible for edema formation. Aspirin and indomethacin
      reduce the edema produced by carrageenan in a dose-related manner without
      affecting the magnitude or the time course of neutrophil mobilization. These
      findings led to the concept that edema formation is not the result of
      inflammatory cell mobilization but is rather a consequence of cellular activity,
      presumably phagocytosis, after mobilization.

PMID- 976490
TI  - The effect of certain vitamin deficiencies on hepatic drug metabolism.
AB  - There is increasing evidence that the liver microsomal drug metabolizing system
      is affected by various vitamins such as ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and alpha
      tocopherol. In regard to ascorbic acid deficiency there is a decrease in the
      quantity of hepatic microsomal electron transport components such as cytochrome P
      450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, as well as decreases in a variety of
      drug enzyme reactions such as N-demethylation, O-demethylation, and steroid
      hydroxylation. In addition, young animals given high supplements of vitamin C
      have increased quantities of electron transport components and overall drug
      metabolism activities. Kinetic studies indicate no change in the apparent Km of N
      demethylase, O-demethylase or hydroxylase for drug substrates in animals depleted
      or given high amounts of the vitamin. However, there are qualitative changes in
      both type I and II substrate-cytochrome P-450 binding. Ascorbic acid is not
      involved in microsomal lipid peroxidation or in any qualitative or quantitative
      change in phosphatidylcholine. Replenishing vitamin C-deficient animals with
      ascorbic acid required 3 to 7 days for the electron transport components and drug
      metabolism activities to return to normal levels. Induction with phenobarbital
      and 3-methylcholanthrene is not impaired in the deficient animal since drug
      metabolism activities are induced to the same extent as normal controls; however,
      the administration of delta-aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of heme synthesis,
      to deficient animals caused an increase in the quantity of cytochrome P-450. The
      effects of riboflavin deficiency on electron transport components and drug
      metabolism activities have been noted only in adult animals after prolonged
      periods of deficiency. Decreases in drug metabolism activities occur with both
      type I (aminopyrine and ethylmorphine) and type II (aniline) substrates. As was
      found with ascorbic acid deficiency, drug enzyme induction occurred to the same
      extent with phenobarbital in deficient and normal animals. In addition, it
      required from 10 to 15 days for the drug metabolism activities to return to
      normal levels when deficient animals were replenished with riboflavin. The effect
      of vitamin E on drug metabolism is specific in N-demethylase activities decrease
      while O-demethylase activities are not affected in the deficient state. This
      vitamin differs from ascorbic acid and riboflavin in that several laboratories
      have reported no quantitative decrease in cytochrome P-450, although there are
      some reports that it and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase are lowered
      quantity of cytochrome in E-deficient animals. The effect of vitamin E, if any,
      on the P-450 is unresolved; an important question that requires further
      clarification. As with ascorbic acid there is no difference in the apparent Km of
      N-demethylase enzymes for varous substrates and the protective effect of vitamin
      E does not appear to be one of an antioxidant inhibiting microsomal lipid
      peroxidation.

PMID- 976491
TI  - The effect of quantity and quality of dietary protein on drug metabolism.
AB  - Dietary protein deficiency is known to modify the response to the
      pharmacotoxicological activities of drugs and foreign compounds, due in part to
      altered rates of metabolism. Prediction of whether in vivo susceptibilities to
      foreign compounds are increased or decreased in protein deficient animals has
      been said to be related to the relative toxicites of the metabolic products. We
      have shown that weanling rats fed semipurified casein diets for 15 days show a
      75% depression of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase activities. About one
      fourth of this decrease is due to a retardation of the normal rate of liver cell
      proliferation and less microsomal protein; the remaining three-fourths is due to
      a reduction of the specific enzyme activity. This latter decrease is closely
      correlated with similar decreases in cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome c reductase
      activities and cytochrome P-450 contents. Although protein deficiency affects the
      relative contents of phosphatidylcholine and cytochrome P-450, this does not
      result in modifications of the Km for metabolism, as is seen with phenobarbital
      administration in the various dietary groups. The depression of mixed function
      oxidase enzyme activities caused by feeding the protein deficient diet for 15
      days can be restored to normal by feeding the 20% casein diets for an additional
      30 days in the case of aniline hydroxylase but only partially in the case of
      ethylmorphine N-demethylase. The complexities of determining the role of
      metabolism as a modulator of protein deficiency effects on foreign compound
      toxicity are discussed.

PMID- 976492
TI  - Angiotensin antagonists and the adrenal cortex and medulla.
AB  - Several analogs of angiotensin in which the phenylalanine in position 8 of the
      peptide chain was replaced by an aliphatic amino acid residue are specific
      antagonists of angiotensin in aorta, the adrenal medulla, and adrenal zona
      glomerulosa. In the adrenal cortex and medulla, all actapeptide analogs have more
      agonist activity than in aortic strips. In studies with N-terminally substituted
      analogs, it appears that adrenal degradation of the angiotensin molecule by
      aminopeptidase(s) does not occur or is not retarded by N-terminal mocifications
      such as sarcosine substitution. The decapeptide analog [Ile8]-angiotensin I and
      heptapeptide analog [des-Asp1, Ile8]-angiotensin II were excellent antagonists in
      the adrenal medulla and each peptide was devoid of intrinsic activity. These
      substituted homologs of angiotensin may offer a novel approach for the
      development of selective antagonists of angiotensin receptors. In the adrenal
      cotex, [des-Asp1, Ile8]-heptapeptide possessed greater receptor affinity than any
      of the angiotensin octapeptides studied. This C-terminally substituted
      heptapeptide does have significant intrinsic activity in the adrenal cortex which
      would limit the use of this compound as an antagonist of vascular responses to
      angiotensin II. In studies with [Ile8]-angiotensin II, [Sar1, Ile8]-angiotensin
      II, and [des-Asp1, Ile8]-angiotensin II, the pA2 values calculated indicate that
      the N-terminal residue is not important for receptor binding in the adrenal
      cortex but may be of significance in binding to adrenal medullary and aortic
      smooth muscle receptors. At the present time it appears unlikely that any single
      animal model or assay system can reliably predict the agoinst/antagonist
      activities of angiotensin analogs for all the various end organs which respond to
      the angiotensins.

PMID- 976493
TI  - The use of angiotensin II blockade to study adrenal steroid secretion.
AB  - In the dog, the renin--angiotensin system appears to be a primary control
      mechanism for aldosterone secretion since angiotensin II blockade decreased
      aldosterone production to undetectable levels. Angiotensin II blockade also
      decreased cortisol secretion strikingly in dogs with thoracic caval constriction,
      a finding which suggests the presence of an angiotensin II receptor in the two
      inner zones of adrenal cortex. An important incidental finding after angiotensin
      II blockade in both sodium-depleted dogs and dogs with thoracic caval
      constriction was the striking drop in arterial pressure. It is suggested that
      angiotensin II acts on the peripheral arterioles to provide an important
      compensatory mechanism and, thereby, maintain arterial pressure in these low
      cardiac output states. In the rat, both the nonapeptide converting enzyme
      inhibitor and [Sar1, Ala8]-angiotensin II produced a marked decrease in
      aldosterone secretion in hypophysectomized, sodium-depleted animals. Both
      synthetic angiotensin II and its heptapeptide fragment produced striking
      increases in aldosterone secretion when the obscuring effect of ACTH was excluded
      in the rat. These findings provide evidence that the renin--angiotensin system is
      an important control mechanism for aldosterone biosynthesis in the rat.

PMID- 976494
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of angiotensin antagonists.
AB  - The early clinical pharmacologic investigations of saralasin were facilitated by
      the availability of a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for this
      peptide. In these studies, plasma concentrations of saralasin were correlated
      with inhibition of angiotensin receptors in each of three organ systems: vascular
      smooth muscle, adrenal cortex, and the renin release control mechanism in the
      kidney. The biochemical half-life of plasma saralasin was 3.2 min and an infusion
      time-to-plateau was 12--15 min. Saralasin inhibited adrenal cortical, vascular,
      and intrarenal (renin release) angiotensin receptors. The time required for
      manifesting these blocking actions was short(3--10 min) except for the 30--60 min
      required to suppress plasma aldosterone. Saralasin-induced blood pressure
      lowering was dependent on previously elevated serum renin activity and volume
      depletion. Expansion of intravascular volume prevented hypotensive responses to
      saralasin even in high-renin patients. Saralasin-induced renin release occurred
      independent of hypotension and could be inhibited by propranolol, a beta
      adrenergic blocking agent. Thus, saralasin is a selective angiotensin antagonist
      which lacks organ specificity. It is a highly useful tool in pharmacologic
      studies of the renin--angiotensin axis in man and shows promise as a diagnostic
      tool.

PMID- 976495
TI  - Luteinizing hormone and progesterone in women under postcoital contraception with
      D-norgestrel.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (Pg) levels in blood were measured
      simultaneously by radioimmunoassay during 53 menstrual cycles in order to
      investigate the effect of 400 mug of D-norgestrel, administered postcoitally, on
      pituitary and ovarian function. Of 31 control cycles, 2 appeared to be
      anovulatory, since the LH peak and subsequent Pg elevation were absent. Twenty
      nine cycles showed typical LH surges in the middle of the cycle, followed by a
      manifold Pg increase. Twelve women received 5 to 13 tables of D-norgestrel. A
      total absence or at least marked suppression of LH and Pg elevations was
      observed. In a third group, D-norgestrel was administered on scheduled days. Each
      woman ingested one to four tablets between the 6th and 18th days of the cycle.
      Two or more tablets disturbed LH and Pg ovulatory patterns. Of four women who
      received a tablet on day 10, one failed to show characteristic ovulatory patterns
      and three exhibited a delay in the time of the LH and Pg increase. These results
      demonstrate that D-norgestrel in a postcoital regimen alters pituitary and
      ovarian function, strongly suggesting an antiovulatory effect.

PMID- 976496
TI  - A comparison of endometrial histology with simultaneous plasma progesterone
      determinations in infertile women.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 238 endometrial biopsies and simultaneous plasma
      progesterone determinations performed during the course of infertility
      evaluations is presented. The data suggest a high (93%) correlation between the
      two procedures for the detection of ovulation. Endometrial abnormalities were
      detected in 5% of the biopsies. Shortening of the cycle was noted in 36% of the
      patients, while only 3% demonstrated a longer cycle. Simultaneous measurement of
      plasma progesterone levels in association with the endometrial biopsy is believed
      to better document corpus luteum defects. One should be aware of the frequent
      occurrence of a shortened cycle on the basis of postbiopsy bleeding. Basal body
      temperature graphs should be utilized prior to biopsy in patients with a history
      of irregular menstrual cycles.

PMID- 976497
TI  - Hysteroscopic procedures in 257 patients.
AB  - Two hundred and fifty-seven hysteroscopic examinations were performed on patients
      who complained primarily of infertility and abnormal uterine bleeding. Organic
      intrauterine lesions were identified, and correlations were made with
      preoperative hysterograms and the tissue obtained for pathologic evaluation. The
      technique proved of special value for the location and resection of intrauterine
      devices. Failure to observe the cavity adequately and to complete the examination
      occurred in 20 (8%) of the patients. The most serious complication, uterine
      perforation, occurred in five instances but did not require additional treatment.

PMID- 976498
TI  - Pregnancy during the hysterogram cycle.
AB  - Because of potential mutagenic effects of radiation on the soon-to-be fertilized
      ovum, we questioned whether we should advise against conception during the cycle
      in which a hysterosalpingogram is performed. Our results do not suggest any
      increase in the incidence of spontaneous abortion or congenital anomalies in
      these patients. Therefore, we see no need to advise against conception during the
      cycle in which a hysterosalpingogram is performed.

PMID- 976499
TI  - Reconstructive surgery for congenital atresia of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Reconstructive surgery for congenital atresia of the uterine cervix, utilizing
      the atretic cervix as a conduit for the permanent fistulous communication between
      the endometrial cavity and vagina, has resulted in the establishment of cyclic
      menses in four patients followed for up to 27 months postoperatively. A detailed
      review of maternal obstetric histories failed to reveal a common factor causally
      related to this extremely unusual and formerly hopeless congenital anomaly of the
      Mullerian ducts.

PMID- 976500
TI  - Improved motility recovery of human spermatozoa after freeze preservation via a
      new approach.
AB  - A new sperm isolation technique was studied in conjunction with the short-term
      freeze preservation of human spermatozoa. The isolation procedure yielded
      subpopulations of spermatozoa with very high percentage motility and progressive
      motility score, and which were virtually free of seminal debris. For 24 semen
      samples from 13 donors, the mean prefreeze values of percentage motility and
      motility score were 53% (2.8), 73% (3.1), and 88% (3.5) for the parent semen,
      7.5% BSA (middle) fractions, and 17.5% BSA (bottom) fractions, respectively.
      These samples were used without a priori constraint on semen quality. Eleven
      samples were preselected on the basis of good motility in the semen. These
      yielded prefreeze motility values of 66% (3.2), 70% (3.4), and 87% (3.9) for the
      semen and two fractions, respectively. Sperm motility in the middle fractions was
      thus intermediate to that in the semen and in the bottom fractions, although
      closer to the former in these 11 cases. The sperm freeze preservation procedure
      involved dilution of the semen samples and separated sperm fractions with a
      cryoprotective semen extender, and freezing and thawing in a conventional manner.
      Post-thaw percentage motility, motility score, and percentage survival were
      substantially higher for the separated fractions than for the parent semen. For
      the 24 cases, the bottom fractions yielded mean values of 57% motility, 3.0
      motility score, and 70% survival, in comparison with the respective values of
      20%, 2.3, and 34% for the semen. In the 11 preselected cases, the bottom
      fractions yielded post-thaw mean values of 60% motility, 3.3 motility score, and
      72% survival; the middle fractions yielded respective values of 45%, 3.1, and
      64%; and the parent semen yielded respective values of 27%, 2.3, and 41%. It was
      concluded that the major factor in improving post-thaw motility recovery was the
      separation process as a whole, rather than the degree of separation.

PMID- 976501
TI  - Effect of prolactin on metabolism of human spermatozoa.
AB  - The effect of prolactin on adenyl cyclase, rate of fructose utilization, and
      glucose oxidation by human spermatozoa was studied. Prolactin stimulated all of
      these processes at a concentration generally available in seminal plasma. These
      results suggest that prolactin plays an important role in the energy metabolism
      of human spermatozoa.

PMID- 976502
TI  - Inhibition of the oxidative metabolism of human spermatozoa by a heat-labile
      factor in seminal plasma.
AB  - The effect of different media on the oxidative and glycolytic metabolism and on
      the motility of human spermatozoa has been investigated. Sperm resuspended in
      Ringer's solution produce more carbon dioxide than sperm in the original seminal
      plasma. In addition, sperm resuspended in heated seminal plasma have a higher
      carbon dioxide production and higher oxygen uptake than sperm in untreated
      seminal plasma. The mean lactic acid production was not significantly affected by
      different media. The motility of sperm in heated seminal plasma was poorer than
      that in untreated seminal plasma, although the percentage of cells that stained
      with eosin did not differ in the two media. After being heated, seminal plasma
      not only continued to take up oxygen but did so at a higher rate. The results of
      the present study suggest that seminal plasma contains a heat-labile component
      that inhibits the oxidative metabolism of human sperm but does not significantly
      alter sperm glycolysis.

PMID- 976503
TI  - Relationship between motility and the transport and binding of divalent cations
      to the plasma membrane of human spermatozoa.
AB  - Measurements of fluorescence changes of the divalent cation probe
      chlortetracycline, which accumulates in the plasma membrane of human spermatozoa,
      and measurements of radioactive calcium uptake indicate that the plasma membrane
      of human spermatozoa is impermeable to calcium. Moreover, permeability to
      exogenous calcium is not changed when sperm motility is stimulated by agents
      which increase intracellular levels of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic
      AMP). Evidence is presented, however, which suggests that energy-dependent
      divalent cation binding to the plasma membrane is lowered when motility is
      increased by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

PMID- 976504
TI  - Temporal relationships critical to estrogen-induced delay of ovum transport.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a pharmacologic dose of estradiol given at the
      time of injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) significantly delays the
      transport of ova through the rabbit oviduct and that the site of delay is located
      at the ampullary-isthmic junction. The current experiments investigated the
      effects of varying the timing of the estrogen injection on ovum transport rates.
      Fifty-eight rabbits received injections of either Depot-estradiol or crystalline
      estradiol at various times before or after the injection of HCG. "Tube-locking"
      resulted when estrogen was administered before or at the time of HCG
      administration, whereas acceleration occurred when estrogen was given 12 to 24
      hours after HCG. The results demonstrate that pharmacologic doses of estrogen
      exert two effects on ovum transport in the rabbit: (1) delay at the ampullary
      isthmic junction and (2) acceleration once that junction has been traversed. The
      possible application of these results to contraception is discussed.

PMID- 976505
TI  - Effect of direct injection of neutrophils from uterine horns of rats containing
      intrauterine devices into recipient pregnant uteri.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not neutrophils from
      uterine horns containing an intruterine device (IUD) inhibit implantation of rat
      blastocysts. On day 4 (6:00 P.M. to 8:00 P.M.) of gestation the uterine horns of
      the recipient rats were exposed and injected with neutrophils, supernatant
      luminal fluid, or Hanks' solution. The total volume injected was 30 mul. All of
      the rats were killed on day 12 of pregnancy, and the number of fetuses and
      resorption sites was determined. The data show that, in rats injected with
      neutrophils on day 4 of gestation, implantation was significantly increased as
      compared with controls injected with Hanks' (vehicle) solution. Whether the
      supernatant fluid had an effect in suppression of implantation could not be
      determined, since the effect was not statistically different from that observed
      in either the vehicle- or neutrophil-injected groups. However, the responses
      observed with the supernatant-injected groups. However, the responses observed
      with the supernatant-injected group were intermediate between those of the
      control horns and those of the neutrophil-injected horns. The finding supports
      the concept that in IUD-bearing animals in which there is a rapid influx of
      neutrophils the cells play a major role in suppressing implantation.

PMID- 976506
TI  - The hormonal control of the guinea pig corpus luteum during early pregnancy.
AB  - Forty guinea pigs were divided into two groups, pregnant and nonpregnant, and
      were operated upon on days 10, 12, 14, and 16 of the ovarian cycle or of
      pregnancy. Blood was obtained from the utero-ovarian vein, and prostaglandin
      F2alpha (PGF2alpha), prostaglandin E (PGE), progesterone, and estrogen content
      was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Increased levels of PGF2alpha preceded a drop in
      progesterone levels in nonpregnant animals, reflecting luteolysis. In pregnant
      animals, the level of PGF2alpha remained low, and progesterone levels increased.
      PGE levels were similar in the two groups. These results suggest that the low
      PGF2alpha levels seen during early pregnancy are related to corpus luteum rescue.

PMID- 976507
TI  - Age-related changes in male rat reproductive organ weights and plasma
      testosterone concentrations after administration of a monoamine oxidase
      inhibitor.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pargyline, a monoamine
      oxidase inhibitor, onmale rat reproductive organ weights, testicular histology,
      and plasma testosterone levels. Pargyline was administered to various groups of
      rats by implanting it, either dissolved or in a powder form, in Silastic tubing
      capsules. Additional rats were injected with pargyline solutions. The effects of
      pargyline.appeared to be age-related with younger animals, weighing under 400 gm
      (less than 100 days of age), showing a decrease in testicular and accessory organ
      weights and plasma testosterone. Older animals did not show a decrease in organ
      weights. Testicular histology in the pargyline-treated groups showed sloughage of
      cellular material into the tubular lumina, decreases in the number of cell
      layers, and a reduction of the number of mature spermatocytes. Other areas in the
      same testis were normal, however, and resembled control histology. The results
      suggest that pargyline can have detrimental effects on testicular function and
      that the effects may be age-related.

PMID- 976508
TI  - [Outlook for the study of cytotoxic sera].

PMID- 976509
TI  - [Biological activity of rat serum following administration of antihepatocytotoxic
      sera].

PMID- 976510
TI  - [Comparative serologic characteristics of organ and antimicrosomal antitesticular
      cytotoxic sera].

PMID- 976511
TI  - [Effect of antihepatocytotoxic serum on the functional state of the liver damaged
      by exogenous bile acids].

PMID- 976512
TI  - [Activity of organ specific enzymes in animals with liver damage following
      administration of antihepatocytotoxic serum].

PMID- 976513
TI  - [Modeling the immunopathologic process in the testes of rats using inhibiting
      doses of antitesticular cytotoxic serum].

PMID- 976514
TI  - [Use of proovarin for restoration of ovarian function disorders in girls with
      amennorhea and the hypomenstrual syndrome].

PMID- 976515
TI  - [Rate of immune elimination of antigen from the circulatory bed of rabbits of
      different ages].

PMID- 976516
TI  - [Autoimmune reactions against DNA in humans of different ages].

PMID- 976517
TI  - [Functional activity of immunocompetent cells, specific sensitization and
      synthesis of immunoglobulins of different classes in infectious allergy].

PMID- 976518
TI  - [Assessment of the role of liver and spleen innervation in regulating the level
      of plasma proteins using a mathematical model of the processes of regeneration].

PMID- 976519
TI  - [Effect of low-molecular thymus hormones of reagin formation].

PMID- 976520
TI  - [Effect of experimental lymphoid tissue inflammation on antibody formation and
      reactions of the cellular type].

PMID- 976521
TI  - [State of lymphoid tissue in mice following immunization and benzene poisoning].

PMID- 976522
TI  - Changes in the spleen of albino rats subjected to low-frequency vibration on the
      screen of chronic intoxication with the pesticide"Zolon".

PMID- 976523
TI  - Influence of temperature and duration of acclimation on the metabolic rate in
      Orthomorpha gracilis (C.L. Koch) (Diplopoda).

PMID- 976524
TI  - Further investigation on the effect of pesticides on Paramecium Aurelia.

PMID- 976525
TI  - The possibility of detecting foetal lymphocytes in maternal blood in cattle (Bos
      taurus taurus).

PMID- 976526
TI  - Studies on the protective role of vitamin C under conditions of exposure of the
      organism to ionizing radiation.

PMID- 976527
TI  - [Effect of selenium on the activity of lysosomal acid phosphatase in the
      peripheral blood lymphocites of mice (author's transl)].

PMID- 976528
TI  - [Response of malignant rheumatoid arthritis to nitrogen mustard (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 976529
TI  - [Future trends in the medical profession. II (author's transl)].

PMID- 976530
TI  - [ECG clinical trial with an antianginal drug (author's transl)].

PMID- 976531
TI  - Infrastructure for national food control services.

PMID- 976532
TI  - The impact of nutrition goals on agriculture. And how farm policies influence
      nutritional status.

PMID- 976533
TI  - Infection associated with cardiac pacemakers: a case report and review.

PMID- 976534
TI  - Establishing a separate family practice inpatient service.

PMID- 976535
TI  - Informed consent, an issue in medical practice.

PMID- 976536
TI  - Effect of Cu-IUD on the level of glycogen and protein in different organs of rat.

PMID- 976537
TI  - Some observations on reproduction of Rhinolophus rouxi rouxi (Microchiroptera)

PMID- 976538
TI  - [Attempted standardized interpretation of testicular histopathology and male
      fertility].

PMID- 976539
TI  - [Ovarian pregnancy after ovulation induction].

PMID- 976540
TI  - [Vasectomy in France. Preliminary study].

PMID- 976541
TI  - [Tubal sterilization by posterior colpo-celiotomy. 500 cases].

PMID- 976542
TI  - [Thermocoagulation by endocoagulator. A new method for pelviscopic
      sterilization].

PMID- 976544
TI  - [Tubal sterilization by silicone rubber band by the Yoon technic].

PMID- 976543
TI  - [Conclusions from experimentation with transuterine thermal sterilization].

PMID- 976545
TI  - [Follow-up studies in 127 tubal sterilizations].

PMID- 976546
TI  - [600 tubal sterilizations. Indications--technics].

PMID- 976547
TI  - [Postpartum surgical sterilization. Problems. 252 cases].

PMID- 976548
TI  - [Study on psychosomatic repercussions and indicatory conditions of tubal ligation
      resection. 440 observations and inquiry based on 150 questionnaires].

PMID- 976549
TI  - [Sterilizations. Socio-cultural phenomena].

PMID- 976550
TI  - [Voluntary sterilization. Medico-psychologic aspects].

PMID- 976552
TI  - [Which are the actual indications for voluntary sterilization?].

PMID- 976551
TI  - [The perplexity of a catholic theologian].

PMID- 976553
TI  - [Elements in the choice of a technic for female sterilization].

PMID- 976554
TI  - [Legal problems in voluntary sterilization].

PMID- 976555
TI  - Partial purification of an antimitogenic factor from human semen.

PMID- 976556
TI  - Impact of the family planning programme on fertility in Mauritius.

PMID- 976557
TI  - In defense of a psychological approach to studying fertility regulating
      behaviour.

PMID- 976558
TI  - Reproductive biology and developments in the conilurine rodents (Muridae) of
      Australia.

PMID- 976559
TI  - Compulsory sterilization: Maharashtra's bill.

PMID- 976561
TI  - Voices of bombay.

PMID- 976560
TI  - An infringement of rights or a compelling necessity?

PMID- 976562
TI  - Towards compulsion.

PMID- 976563
TI  - Can fighting worms lower the birth rate?

PMID- 976564
TI  - Civilized pressure but not coercion.

PMID- 976565
TI  - Planning a family of twenty-six.

PMID- 976566
TI  - Adolescent fertility risks and consequences.

PMID- 976567
TI  - [Andrological findings in merled Dachshunds (author's transl)].

PMID- 976568
TI  - [Importance of the glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase activity in spermatological
      diagnosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 976570
TI  - Observations on reproduction and development in Mus musculoides (Rodentia,
      Muridae).

PMID- 976571
TI  - Dentition, cranial morphology and evolution in elephant seals.

PMID- 976572
TI  - [Auditory sensitivity of the lerot (Eliomys quercinus L.) (Rodentia Gliridae).
      Study of evoked potentials at the level of the cochlea].

PMID- 976573
TI  - [Energy metabolism in 2 Crocidurinae: Suncus et ruscus (Savi, 1822) and Crocidura
      russula (Herman, 1780) (Insectivora, Soricidae)].

PMID- 976574
TI  - Biochemical genetics of Myotis californicus and Pipistrellus hesperus from
      southern Nevada.

PMID- 976575
TI  - Regional variation in sterility, United States: 1970.

PMID- 976576
TI  - Midtrimester abortion with laminaria, prostaglandin, and oxytocin.

PMID- 976577
TI  - Medical, psychologic, and social factors in morning-after pill utilization.

PMID- 976578
TI  - The postcoital copper-T.

PMID- 976579
TI  - Screening oral contraceptive candidates: is the doctor dispensable?

PMID- 976580
TI  - Family planning in Cuba, 1974.

PMID- 976581
TI  - Women requesting abortion: a comparative study, 1969-1972.

PMID- 976582
TI  - Dietary urea for dairy cattle III. Effect on ovarian activity.

PMID- 976583
TI  - Dietary urea for dairy cattle IV. Effect on reproductive hormones.

PMID- 976584
TI  - Profiles of reproductive hormones associated with fertile and nonfertile
      inseminations of dairy cows.

PMID- 976585
TI  - Age of menarche in pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina): a cross-sectional survey
      of perineal tumescence.

PMID- 976586
TI  - Insensitivity of the coyote testis to orally administered cadmium.

PMID- 976587
TI  - A comparison of the inhibition of the metabolism of ram and rabbit spermatozoa be
      alpha-chlorohydrin in vitro.

PMID- 976588
TI  - Preparation of teaser bulls and steriods-implanted steers and their effectiveness
      in detecting estrus.

PMID- 976589
TI  - Effects of intrauterine infusion of gentamicin sulfate on bovine fertility.

PMID- 976590
TI  - The effects of hormones and prostaglandins on the calcium pools in cultured
      myocardial cells.
AB  - Determinations of the calcium pools in myocardial cells in vitro have shown the
      existence of at least three pools of exchangeable calcium. Epinephrine and
      glucagon were found to produce significant increases in the size of the two
      slower exchanging pools. Prostaglandins E1 and F1alpha also increased
      significantly calcium pool size whereas E2 and F2alpha did not; results which
      correlate well with the effects of the two former prostaglandins on intracellular
      cAMP levels. The results imply that these agents cause small, but significant,
      changes in the transmembrane exchange of calcium and large increases in the
      intracellular calcium pool. Effects which may involve the direct or indirect
      action of cAMP.

PMID- 976591
TI  - Steroids and growth of a human cell line stemming from a carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix.
AB  - The effect of different steroids on the growth of a human cell line, was examined
      in NHIK 3025 cells, derived from a carcinoma of the uterine cervix. When this
      cell line was grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) for 4 days,
      addition to the medium of estradiol-17 beta in concentrations ranging from 10(-9)
      to 10(-7) M did not promote significant cell growth. Stimulated growth was
      observed with testosterone in these concentrations, with maximal effect (29%
      above control) at 10(-7) M. 5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone over the range 10(-9)--10(
      6) M gave no such effect. 4-Androstene-3,17-dione, 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta
      diol and 5alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol had no significant effect on cell
      proliferation at a concentration of 10(-7) M, while 4-androstene-3beta,17beta
      diol augmented cell number to values 50-60% higher than those of control
      cultures. The observed increase in cell number was due to a shortening of the
      cell cycle and to a higher plating efficiency. Thus, cell line NHIK 3025 has not
      the responsiveness to estradiol-17beta of normal uterine cells. The data suggest
      that testosterone and/or 4-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol may be growth factors for
      this cell line.

PMID- 976592
TI  - Ovarian-independent fluctuations of estradiol receptor levels in mammalian
      tissues.
AB  - Three types of periodic fluctuation in tissue concentrations of estradiol
      receptor protein have been observed. A seasonal variation is described in the
      uteri of 12-16-week-old calves and of ovariectomized pigs, and in mammary tumor
      tissue obtained from postmenopausal women. A circadian rhythm has been
      demonstrated in uteri of ovariectomized rats. An irregular periodic fluctuation
      has been found in uteri of ovariectomized and of ovariectomized/hypophysectomized
      rats, with the period varying from 9 to 15 days. These observations establish
      that a substantial turnover of receptor occurs in the absence of hormone and that
      'normal' baseline values of receptor concentration do not exist.

PMID- 976593
TI  - Cellular metamorphosis. III. Timing of adult determination within the larval
      development of the labial gland duct in the tobacco hornworm.

PMID- 976594
TI  - Progressive fixation of morphological polarity in the developing retina.

PMID- 976595
TI  - Endogenous protein synthesis of the cell-free wheat germ system.

PMID- 976597
TI  - A computer program automating construction of fate maps of Drosophila.

PMID- 976596
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity changes during spermatogenesis:
      possible relevance to X-chromosome inactivation.

PMID- 976598
TI  - The influence of axial structures on chick somite formation.

PMID- 976599
TI  - The origin of immunoglobulins in opossum "embryos".

PMID- 976600
TI  - Relationship between the mRNA of polysomes and free ribonucleoprotein particles
      in the early sea urchin embryo.

PMID- 976601
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Serum GIP, insulin, and glucose concentrations were determined during a standard
      oral glucose tolerance test in 80 individuals, 45 of whom were normal and 35 of
      whom had adult-onset diabetes mellitus according to USPHS criteria. As a group,
      the diabetics had fasting hyperglycemia (219 +/- 17 mg./dl.) and, in response to
      glucose, displayed a peak serum glucose of 373 +/- 23 mg./dl. and sustained
      hyperglycemia (315 +/- 24 mg./dl.) at 180 minutes. There were no statistically
      significant differences in absolute serum insulin levels between the two groups.
      However, insulin secretion was delayed, IRI increments were smaller, and the IRI
      concentrations were inappropriately low for the simultaneous serum glucose
      concentrations in the diabetics at every time interval tested. Mean fasting serum
      GIP was 335 +/- 30 pg./ml. in the diabetics as against 262 +/- 15 pg./ml. in
      normal individuals (p less than 0.025). After the ingestion of glucose, diabetics
      had significantly higher (p less than 0.001) mean serum GIP levels between five
      and 120 minutes. By 180 minutes, serum GIP levels remained above fasting in both
      groups, but the diabetics had higher than normal serum concentrations (p less
      than 0.05). Peak serum GIP concentrations, which occurred at 30 minutes in both
      groups, were 1,376 +/- 106 and 806 +/- 75 pg./ml. in the diabetics and normals,
      respectively (p less than 0.001). Total integrated serum GIP was also greater in
      diabetics than normals (140,852 +/- 14,208 vs. 64,602 +/- 8,719 pg.-min./ml.-1, p
      less than 0.001). The higher serum GIP concentrations observed following glucose
      ingestion in diabetics could not be attributed to obesity or age. We conclude
      that both fasting and glucose-stimulated GIP concentrations are higher than
      normal in obese adult-onset diabetics. The significance of this observation is
      uncertain. However, since our current understanding suggests the GIP may be an
      important enteric signal for the release of insulin in man, and because GIP has
      been shown to stimulate the release of immunoreactive glucagon, GIP may play a
      role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 976602
TI  - Epidemiologic findings on the relationship of time of day and time since last
      meal to glucose tolerance.
AB  - Data from 10,559 men and women, age 30-64, participating in the morning and
      afternoon in a Chicago Health Department multiphasic screening project, were used
      to determine the effects of time of day and time since last meal on the values
      for plasma glucose one and two hours following oral challenge with 100 gm. of
      glucose. Mean plasma glucose values and rates of suspect glucose intolerance
      (based on several cutpoints) were sizeably higher in the afternoon than in the
      morning. In addition, plasma glucose values increased with time elapsed since the
      last meal, up to 10 hours postprandially. Thereafter, both one- and two-hour
      plasma glucose values tended to exhibit a decline. Analysis of covariance
      confirmed that fluctuations in glucose tolerance were related to time of day and
      time since last meal, but the effects of each parameter were exerted
      independently.

PMID- 976603
TI  - Potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release by glucose in the isolated
      pancreas of fed and fasted rats.
AB  - Glucose, apart from its acute insulin-releasing effect, exerts a time-dependent
      potentiating action on subsequent stimulations of the pancreas. The influence of
      a 24-hour starvation on these two actions of glucose was studied with the
      completely isolated, perfused rat pancreas preparation. Starvation had no effect
      on the time kinetics of the insulin response, but the magnitudes of the early and
      late insulin-secretion phases were reduced to similar extents. It was
      demonstrated by using a wide glucose concentration range that the maximal insulin
      response is not significantly modified by starvation. In contrast, both the
      threshold of stimulation by and the Km for glucose were higher in the pancrease
      from fasted rats. Thus, starvation reduces the sensitivity of the islet for the
      insulin-releasing action of glucose. When the stimulatory concentrations of
      glucose were preceded for 40 minutes by the perfusion of 8.3 mM instead of the
      basal, 4.4 mM glucose, insulin secretion from the pancreas of fed animals was not
      modified. In contrast, raising the glucose concentration of the equilibrium
      period to 8.3 mM potentiated markedly the insulin response to subsequent
      stimulations in the pancreas from fasted rats. This potentiation expressed itself
      as increase in the maximal response: the Km for glucose was not reduced. Thus a
      40-minute pretreatment with 8.3 mM glucose does not correct the diminished
      sensitivity induced by a 24-hour starvation. It is concluded that in starvation
      (1) the sensitivity for glucose of the mechanisms that initiate insulin release
      is diminished; (2) the sensitivity of the pancreas for the potentiation-inducing
      action of glucose is augumented. (3) In both respects, the insulin response of
      fasted rats is similar to that of mildly diabetic subjects. These and other
      findings suggest that the effect of glucose in initiation of insulin release and
      on generation of a state of potentiation in the islet are mediated by different
      mechanisms.

PMID- 976604
TI  - Effects of acute insulin withdrawal and administration on plasma glucagon
      responses to intravenous arginine in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
AB  - To assess further the role of insulin in the abnormal alpha-cell dysfunction
      found in human diabetes mellitus, the effects of acute insulin withdrawal and
      administration on plasma glucagon responses to intravenous arginine were studied
      in eight insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Arginine infusions (30 gm. over 30
      minutes) were performed during and at one and four hours after discontinuation of
      a 14-hour insulin infusion (1.5 U. per hour), which had rendered the subjects
      euglycemic, and on another occasion before and one and four hours into a five
      hour infusion of insulin (1.5 U. per hour). During the last hour of the 14-hour
      infusion, glucagon responses to arginine (area under the curve, nanograms per
      milliliter per minute) were similar to those found in normal subjects (10.3 +/-
      0.8 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.8, respectively). After discontinuation of the insulin
      infusions, glucagon responses increased progressively (p less than 0.01) to
      values (16.8 +/- 1.2) that exceeded those of normal subjects by four hours (p
      less than 0.01). These were similar to results found in the same subjects studied
      when their diabetes was in less than optimal control (14.9 +/- 1.3). Infusion of
      insulin under these conditions progressively decreased glucagon responses to
      arginine to values (9.6 +/- 0.8; p less than 0.01) that, at four hours, were
      similar to those of normal subjects and to values found at the end of the 14-hour
      infusion of insulin in the same diabetic individuals. These results demonstrate a
      rapid effect of insulin on glucagon responses to arginine and suggest that the
      abnormal responses seen in diabetes mellitus are the immediate result of insulin
      deficiency. Since abnormal glucagon responses to glucose in diabetes are not as
      readily corrected by insulin, the mechanisms underlying the abnormal responses to
      these two stimuli may differ.

PMID- 976605
TI  - Imparied plasma insulin response to arginine in hyperthyroidism. Important role
      of the rise of blood glucose in the second phase of insulin release induced by
      argiinine.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of 30 gm. of L-arginine over a period of 45 minutes elicited
      a biphasic insulin response and a moderate blood glucose rise in normal subjects.
      In patients with hyperthyroidism, both insulin peaks, especially the second one,
      were low, with virtual absence of the blood glucose response. A single
      intravenous injection of 4 gm. of arginine provoked similar uniphasic plasma
      insulin responses in both normal subjects and hyperthyroid patients. Pretreatment
      with either glucose or xylitol almost completely restored the biphasic insulin
      response to arginine in patients with hyperthyroidism, whereas pretreatment with
      aminophylline only partially improved the insulin response. Combined
      administration of a small amount of glucose (2.25 mg./kg./min.) with arginine
      also restored the normal second-phase insulin release, with blood glucose rises
      similar to those in normal subjects given arginine alone. It is concluded that
      the plasma insulin response to arginine is impaired, especially in its second
      phase, in patients with hyperthyroidism due to the absence of a blood glucose
      rise. The second phase of arginine-induced insulin release seems more dependent
      on glucose than the first phase.

PMID- 976606
TI  - Plasma renin activity and hypertension in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined in 48 patients with diabetes mellitus
      in sodium balance on a 10-20 mEq. Na diet. Nine were normotensive (group I), 11
      11 were hypertensive without diabetic nephropathy (group III). Results were
      compared with those in 16 normal subjects and 49 nondiabetic patients with
      essential hypertension in similar Na balance. Mean supine PRA did not differ
      significantly among groups I and II, normal subjects, and patients with essential
      hypertension. Group III diabetics had a supine PRA of 2.4 +/- 0.4 ng./ml./hr. (x
      +/- S.E.M.), significantly lower than the other diabetic groups (P less than
      0.005) and normal subjects (P less than 0.05). Upright PRA was 12.8 +/- 2.2 in
      group I diabetics, similar to that in normal subjects (13.3 +/- 2.3), and 8.1 +/-
      1.4 in group II diabetics, similar to that in essential hypertensives (6.8 +/-
      0.8). In group III diabetics, upright PRA was 4.0 +/- 0.5, significantly lower
      than that in any other group. These results suggest that (1) PRA is normal in
      normotensive diabetics, (2) upright PRA in diabetics with hypertension but no
      nephropathy is similar to that in essential hypertension, and (3) patients with
      diabetes, hypertension, and nephropathy have "low renin hypertension," explaining
      the virtual absence of malignant hypertension in this group. Although the major
      mechanism for this low PRA may be volume expansion, indicating the need for
      potent diuretics, other mechanisms include hyalinization of the afferent
      arteriole, decreased cathecholamine stimulation of renin release, and inadequate
      conversion of prorenin to renin.

PMID- 976607
TI  - Modulation of fatty acid metabolism by glucagon in man. IV. Effects of a
      physiologic hormone infusion in normal man.
AB  - This study was done to explore the role of physiologic elevations of glucagon
      concentration in plasma ketone body concentration in normal man. During the
      period of hormone elevation, plasma free fatty acids were pharmacologically
      elevated to ensure adequate free fatty acid substrate delivery to the liver to
      support hepatic ketogenesis. Eighty-minute infusions of glucagon resulted in a
      plasma hormone concentration of approximately 300 pg./ml. During the infusion,
      ketone bodies declined from their basal concentration and remained below basal
      for the duration of the infusion. An acute heparin-induced pharmacologic
      elevation of plasma free fatty acid concentration resulted in a transient rise in
      plasma ketone body concentration, but at no time did it attain the concentration
      observed during the control saline infusion. Plasma glucose concentration was not
      altered by glucagon infusion, but plasma insulin concentration rose by
      approximately 2.5 muU./ml. These results suggest that glucagon is not ketogenic
      in normal man as has been previously reported in insulin-deficient diabetics. The
      glucagon-induced rise in plasma insulin concentration may participate in the
      observed reduction in plasma ketone body concentration.

PMID- 976608
TI  - Blood glucose monitoring in symptomatic hypoglycemia.
AB  - The relationship between blood glucose levels and the onset of hypoglycemic
      symptoms was studied by continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels after an
      oral glucose load in nine adults with normal glucose tolerance, five with
      chemical diabetes without symptomatic hypoglycemia, and nine with chemical
      diabetes with symptomatic hypoglycemia. Symptoms were associated not only with a
      low level of blood glucose but with a rapid fall as well. These two parameters
      were used to calculate a "hypoglycemic index" (defined as the fall in blood
      glucose during a 90-minute period prior to reaching the minimum level, divided by
      the value of this minimum level). The hypoglycemic index was 2.3 +/- 0.6 (mean +/
      S.D.) in the group of diabetic patients with symptomatic reactive hypoglycemia
      and 0.7 +/- 0.3 for the other groups. This index may aid in the diagnosis of
      patients with symptoms of hypoglycemia and equivocally low values of blood
      glucose.

PMID- 976609
TI  - Renal wastage of insulin in children with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In normal human beings the percentage of serum insulin excreted in the urine is
      constant over a wide range of values. The quantity of immunoreactive insulin
      found in the urine is believed to reflect the level of free insulin in the serum.
      Immunoreactive insulin was measured in the urine of nondiabetic children and
      diabetic children receiving exogenous insulin. Children with diabetes mellitus
      excreted greater amounts of immunoreactive insulin (18.5+/-8 muU./mg. creatinine)
      than did nondiabetic children (11.9+/-5 muU./mg. creatinine). This difference was
      statistically significant (p less than 0.0005). Children with "poor glycemic
      control" excreted a greater portion of their administered insulin dose than did
      those with "good control." The renal wastage of insulin correlated (r=0.94) with
      the duration of insulin treatment but not with the quantity administered.
      Antibody binding of serum insulin may explain in part these observations, but an
      acquired defect in the renal tubular reabsorption of insulin may also exist.
      Modifications in the management of diabetes that reduce the renal wastage of
      insulin may improve the metabolic stability of children with "poor diabetic
      control."

PMID- 976610
TI  - Environmental effects on motor development: the case of "African infant
      precocity".
AB  - In order to clarify the extent and cause of African infants' precocity in motor
      development, as reported by Geber and others, 64 babies and their families were
      intensively studied in a rural Kenyan community. It was found that the motor
      skills of sitting and walking, which the Kenyan babies acquired early (by
      American standards), are (a) specifically taught by the caretakers and (b) can be
      practised in the course of their usual daily routines. They are not advanced in
      skills which are not taught or practised. Middle-class urban Kenyan children from
      the same ethnic background were found generally to be intermediate in both
      environmental encouragement and rate of advancement. Preliminary results from
      other groups in Kenya suggest that encouragement of motor development is
      widespread and that for behaviors which are differentially encouraged among
      groups, the average age of attainment is predictable from environmental measures.

PMID- 976611
TI  - Testing of visual acuity in young children: an evaluation of some commonly used
      methods.
AB  - In a comparative study of screening tests for visual acuity in young children,
      two groups of children were presented with three different tests. In the younger
      group (three to five years) three single opto-type tests were compared:
      Sheridan's five and seven letter matching test, the Fooks test and the E card
      test. The Sheridan test gave the best results and the E card test was found to be
      unsuitable for this age-group. The Fooks is an attractive test but was less
      sensitive in the detection of defects than the Sheridan test. In the older group
      (five to seven years) a single opto-type test, the Sheridan-Gardiner test, was
      compared with the E chart and the Snellen chart. The Sheridan-Gardiner test was
      found to have limitations in the detection of defects, including amblyopia,
      therefore results obtained by this method should not be considered to be directly
      comparable with those of the Snellen chart. The E chart gave good results in the
      detection of defects and there was less lateral confusion than had been expected.
      It has disadvantages, but there is still a place for its use in the screening of
      normal school-age children. The Snellen chart was the most effective test in the
      detection of defects, but not all the children were able to co-operate in its
      use. It is concluded that where it is possible to use the Snellen chart it should
      always be the method of choice.

PMID- 976612
TI  - Nocturnal enuresis in childhood.
AB  - Of some 12,000 children in the National Child Development Study for whom the
      information was available, 10-7 per cent were enuretic between the ages of five
      and seven years, and 4-8 per cent were enuretic at 11 years. More boys than girls
      were wet at 11 years, although there was no difference at seven years. At both
      ages the manual social-classes were over-represented among the children with
      enuresis. These findings add support to the theory that nocturnal enuresis has
      multiple causes. The relative importance of social, developmental and psychiatric
      factors varies with the different groups of children early bed-wetting being
      associated with delayed development and later enuresis being more strongly
      associated with behaviour difficulties.

PMID- 976613
TI  - The behavior of the full-term but underweight newborn infant.
AB  - Ten underweight full-term newborns were compared with 10 full-weight newborns on
      the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. The Brazelton examination
      differentiated the two groups clearly on the reflexes of walking, crawling and
      passive movements of arms and legs, and on rooting and sucking. More importantly,
      it differentiated the two groups on behaviors which are important for the
      caretaker of the baby: these are attractiveness, need for stimulation,
      interactive processes and motor processes. The 10 underweight infants were
      followed up at a later date during the first year. They showed temperamental
      organizational difficulties and some indication of psychosomatic reaction to
      stress. It is possible that the underweight newborn's fragile organization
      elicits anxiety in the caretaker which makes interaction difficult.

PMID- 976614
TI  - The electroencephalogram of normal adolescent males: visual assessment and
      relationship with other variables.
AB  - The electroencephalograms (EEGS) were recorded of 223 boys aged from 12 to 16
      years inclusive from four different kinds of schools in the former borough of
      Warley, an industrial area on the outskirts of Birmingham, England. A battery of
      psychological tests were also administered and descriptions of behaviour were
      obtained from parents and teachers, as well as information on development and
      previous medical history. The data were analysed in terms of (a) prevalence of
      certain EEG features, usually considered abnormal, and (b) the relationship
      between the EEG and other demographic, developmental and psychological factors.
      Only 2-2 per cent of the EEGS showed definite abnormalities, such as localised
      sharp waves and/or spike and wave complexes in their resting record and/or during
      hyperventilation and photic stimulation, while a further 13-9 per cent showed
      very slight abnormalities or "immaturity". The abnormal and immature EEGS were
      significantly related to social class, type of school and positive medical
      history (especially a history of convulsions or faints). Comparisons with
      previously reported data are discussed.

PMID- 976615
TI  - Relationship between changes in somesthetic evoked responses and
      electroencephalographic findings in the child with hemiplegia.
AB  - The results of somesthetic evoked response (SER) and electroencephalogram (EEG)
      records in 43 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy have been compared. In all
      children there was a positive correlation between the SER changes and the
      affected side of the body. In 12 children the SER of the "damaged" hemisphere
      disappeared; in 31 children it was less than the response of the "healthy"
      hemisphere. On the other hand, a positive correlation between the EEG changes and
      the affected side was found in only 16 of the patients, and there was a dubious
      correlation in three cases. It is concluded that SER data are more accurate and
      reliable than EEG results. Moreover, SER findings allow cerebral damage to be
      suspected earlier than the EEG results and therefore are of greater prognostic
      value.

PMID- 976616
TI  - Surgical correction of spastic thumb-in-palm deformity.
AB  - A series of 31 operations on 27 patients for correction of the spastic thumb-in
      palm deformity is reported. 19 patients were followed four years or longer post
      operatively; the remainder have been followed for at least one year. In
      approximately 70 per cent of the operations, supplementary procedures were
      performed on the hand or forearm, as the deformity is usually only one facet of a
      complex spastic disability of the upper extremity. The surgical technique and
      illustrative cases are presented. Augmentation of a markedly weak extensor
      abductor motor function is necessary, otherwise the spastic thumb-in-palm
      deformity will recur, as in two cases in the present series which required a
      second operation. The remainder of the patients were classified as improved,
      indicating that the thumb was no longer clenched in the palm, could be used in
      gross grasping activities, and the hand had become more useful. In no instance
      did the spastic hand become the primary functioning hand post-operatively.

PMID- 976617
TI  - Platelet mono-amine oxidase activity in the human fetus.
AB  - Measurement of the platelet mono-amine oxidase (MAO) activity in the human fetus
      of 40 weeks gestation showed it to be equivalent to that found in the adult. The
      level represents a fully-developed mitochondrial MAO system in platelets and may
      reflect enzyme maturity in other tissues of the newborn.

PMID- 976618
TI  - Neurological disturbance in a phenylketonic child after discontinuation of
      dietary treatment.
AB  - Signs of moderately severe spastic diplegia appeared in 14-year-old late-treated
      phenylketonuric boy 13 months after dietary restrictions were lifted. The
      literature contains reports of untreated phenylketonuric patients developing
      demyelinating conditions in later childhood. The possible implications of
      relaxing the diet in early- and late-treated cases of phenylketonuria are
      discussed.

PMID- 976619
TI  - Cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome with parental consanguinity.
AB  - A case of cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome with some unusual features is reported.
      The neuropathological findings are described in detail. Electronmicroscopy showed
      astrocytes in the demyelinated areas of the brain to contain granules composed of
      laminated osmiophilic material. These structures could be abnormal mitochondria.
      The parental consanguinity in this case would further support an autosomal
      recessive mode of inheritance.

PMID- 976620
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip--a preventable condition?

PMID- 976621
TI  - Tendon surgery on the feet of children with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 976622
TI  - Effect of calcium infusions of serum calcium and gastric acid secretion.
AB  - 37 patients were studied with calcium infusions. Of these, 20 had previously
      undergone truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer disease, and 17
      were unoperated patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Calcium was given
      intravenously either at a dose of 5 mg/kg/h for 3 h, or 4 mg/kg/h for 4 h.
      Gastric juice was collected by continuous suction. Results showed the 3-hour
      infusion raised calcium more than the 4-hour infusion. Top serum calcium
      achieved, however, did not correlate with calcium-stimulated gastric acid output,
      either with or without vagotomy. Stimulated gastric acid secretion was markedly
      less with vagotomy than without. It is suggested that the level of gastric acid
      stimulated by infusions might discriminate complete, from incomplete, vagotomies
      better than insulin, and that the 4-hour infusion is safer.

PMID- 976623
TI  - The effect of phenobarbital on patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome.
AB  - 11 patients with jaundice of Dubin-Johnson type were treated for 2 weeks with
      phenobarbital. Serum bilirubin diminished and hepatic clearance of
      sulfobromophthalein was variably enhanced; other measures of hepatic function
      were not significantly changed during therapy.

PMID- 976624
TI  - Risk factors in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - In 504 Jewish patients with ulcerative colitis the following risk factors were
      evaluated: sex, age at onset of disease, community group, extent of disease, and
      duration of disease. The disease was more severe in females. Severe attacks,
      weight loss, iron deficiency, liver disease and arthritis were significantly more
      frequent in females than in mles. Mortality was higher in patients who contracted
      the disease above age 50. The disease appeared to be more severe in patiets of
      Ashkenazi origin as compared to Orientals. The difference failed to reach
      statistical signifcance except for mortality. We confirmed the well-known adverse
      effect of extensive colonic involvement. Severe attacks, a severe course of the
      disease and extensive colonic involvement are more frequent with increasing
      duration of the disease.

PMID- 976625
TI  - Action of cholecystokinin and caerulein on the rabbit sphincter of Oddi.
AB  - The action of cholecystokinin (CCK) and caerulein upon the rabbit sphincter of
      Oddi was investigated by electromyography, manometry and measuring of the flow.
      Intravenous injection of CCK resulted in a marked rise of the sphincter activity
      with a maximum at the 1st min and return to the basal level at the 10th min.
      Injection of increasing doses of hormone showed that the effect was proportional
      to the logarithm of the dose. The same results were obtained with caerulein.
      Parallely, CCK provoked a rise of the biliary pressure also proportional to the
      logarithm of the dose and a reduction to the biliary flow. The discrepancies
      between these results and some other experiments are discussed. It is concluded
      that, in the rabbit, CCK increases the activity of the sphincter of Oddi.

PMID- 976626
TI  - Experimental colitis.
AB  - Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are complex, problematic diseases of
      unknown etiology in man, and appropriate experimental models would be useful in
      elucidating their pathogenesis and treatment. Although there have been numerous
      attempts to produce inflammatory ulcerative colonic disease in laboratory animals
      resembling those human disease forms, none has been entirely successful.
      Investigators have conducted experiments involving almost every etiological
      factor suggested for initiation of these diseases. The methods reviewed in this
      paper include production of experimental colitis by vascular impairment, and
      immunological methods such as bacterial infection, allergic reactions, direct and
      indirect hypersensitivity reactions, as well as autoimmune mechanisms. The
      results of carrageenan-induced colitis, irradiation, dietary, and drug-induced
      techniques are also discussed and the frequency and nature of spontaneous colonic
      lesions in animals is summarized.

PMID- 976627
TI  - Controlling hospital traffic.

PMID- 976628
TI  - Standards for cardio-pulmonary resusitation.

PMID- 976629
TI  - New tools for budgeting and cost analysis.

PMID- 976630
TI  - Supervision and turnover of general staff nurses.

PMID- 976631
TI  - [The voluntary hospital system is not to blame].

PMID- 976632
TI  - The investigation into death.

PMID- 976633
TI  - Water filtration of the forearm in short- and long-term diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Blood flow and capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) were measured by strain
      gauge plethysmography on the upper and lower third of the forearm in 9 normal
      subjects and 29 well regulated patients with diabetes mellitus of varying
      duration (less than 10 years, 10 to 20 years, and more than 20 years). There was
      no difference in blood flow in the four groups, but CFC was significantly
      increased in long-term diabetes (duration above 20 years) when measured at the
      distal part of the forearm near the wrist. Calculations showed that this was
      probably due to the relatively high contribution of connective tissue in this
      part of the forearm. Increased water filtration in connective tissue in long-term
      diabetics is in accordance with earlier findings of a lowered subcutaneous
      interstitial fluid albumin concentration in long-term diabetics, this being
      explained by an increase in net water outflux from the microcirculation.

PMID- 976634
TI  - Insulin secretion and biosynthesis in sucrose fed rats.
AB  - Long term feeding of a sucrose rich diet to rats is accompanied by a decreased
      glucose assimilation rate, despite high plasma insulin levels. Hyperinsulinism is
      at least partially based on a relative obesity, with increased amounts of
      abdominal- and retroperitoneal fat tissue, but unchanged total body weight
      compared to starch fed controls. The secretory pattern of insulin release was
      studied following glucose, arginine, fructose and sulfonylurea administration in
      the isolated perfused pancreas of sucrose and isocaloric starch fed rats. In
      addition, isolated islets of Langerhans were used to demonstrate the effects of
      glucose on insulin secretion and the incorporation of H-3 leucine into the
      proinsulin and insulin fraction of islet proteins. Following 11 mM glucose, the
      dynamics of insulin release in the isolated perfused pancreas of sucrose fed rats
      is characterized by a markedly elevated, late plateau-like response, usually seen
      only at higher glucose concentrations. Hyperinsulinism, as compared to starch fed
      controls, can also be demonstrated following arginine and the sulfonylurea HB
      419, whereas fructose has no effect in the presence of low glucose
      concentrations. During incubation of the pancreatic islets, the hyperinsulinism
      in sucrose-, compared to starch fed rats, is more pronounced at 11 mM glucose
      than at 5.5 mM glucose. The incorporation of H-3 leucine into the proinsulin
      insulin fraction of islet proteins in sucrose compared to starch fed rats,
      however, is significantly greater with glucose 5.5 mM than at high glucose level.
      In sucrose fed rats, secretion and biosynthesis of insulin thus appear to be
      elevated but closely linked only at physiological glucose concentration.

PMID- 976635
TI  - Effect of somatostatin on metabolic and hormonal changes induced by nicotinic
      acid in insulin-dependent diabetics.
AB  - The study investigated the respective influences of nicotinic acid and
      somatostatin on plasma concentrations of blood glucose, free fatty acids,
      glucagon, growth hormone and cortisol in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
      After administration of nicotinic acid alone, marked depression of plasma FFA was
      accompanied by significant increases of plasma glucagon, growth hormone and
      cortisol. The glucagon and growth hormone responses to nicotinic acid were
      significantly reduced when plasma FFA were raised by intravenous administration
      of heparin and triglycerides. Somatostatin alone induced a significant decrease
      in blood glucose, plasma glucagon and growth hormone concentrations. Plasma FFA
      remained unchanged. Somatostatin did not modify the nicotinic acid-induced fall
      in plasma FFA, but completely blocked the corresponding increments in glucagon
      and growth hormone. The cortisol rise was not altered by somatostatin. Rebound of
      glucagon and growth hormone levels were seen upon discontinuation of the
      somatostatin administration. These results demonstrate that the plasma FFA
      concentration plays a role in the regulation of glucagon and growth hormone
      secretion in insulin-dependent diabetics. Furthermore, they indicate that
      somatostatin, previously shown to be capable of negating the stimulatory effect
      of various factors on glucagon and growth hormone secretion, also affects the
      response of these hormones to FFA depression.

PMID- 976636
TI  - Plasma concentrations of unconjugated estrone, estradiol-17beta and estriol, and
      HCS throughout pregnancy in diabetics and gestational diabetics.
AB  - Plasma unconjugated estrone (E1), estradiol-17beta (E2) and estriol (E3), and HCS
      were measured in the same plasma samples collected throughout pregnancy in 19
      gestational diabetics (GD) and 21 diabetics (D). When compared to the results
      obtained in 22 normal subjects, plasma levels of E1 and E2 were significantly
      elevated in D in the second half of gestation. The results were intermediate
      although closer to the normals, in GD. E3 values were not different from the
      normals in both D and GD. HCS values were lower than normal in early pregnancy in
      both D and GD. In late pregnancy HCS levels were not different from normal in
      either D or GD, although some individual values were much above the upper limit
      in some diabetic patients. The hormonal ratios in D and GD parallel those in
      normals, although E3/E2 and HCS/E2 were lower in D. These results are discussed
      with respect to the different behaviour of E2 and E3, taking into account the
      difference in their respective biosynthetic pathways. Besides a possible
      quantitative modification of the placental function in D, the results could
      tentatively be explained by a qualitative change in the fetal estrogen precursors
      to placental aromatization, in favour of the 16 non-hydroxylated compound.
      However, maternal modifications in precursor production or in estrogen metabolism
      can be an alternative hypothesis. Finally, the present work does not support the
      hypothetical estrogen deficiency in diabetic pregnancy. Estrogen treatment
      appears to have no objective justification.

PMID- 976637
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of somatotrophic cells (SC) in the adenohypophysis of
      normal and diabetic male Chinese hamsters.
AB  - The pituitary of genetically diabetic Chinese hamsters contains significantly (p
      less than 0.001) greater numbers of somatotrophes than pituitary of non
      diabetics. This may play a role in the aetiopathology of diabetes in this species
      or at least contribute to the maintenance of hyperglycaemia.

PMID- 976638
TI  - Human C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) in blood and urine - evaluation of a
      radioimmunoassay method and its clinical applications.
AB  - A double-antibody radioimmunoassay method, using synthetic human connecting
      peptide as an immunizing antigen and standard, was evaluated for clinical assay
      of blood and urine samples. Normal fasting blood connecting peptide
      immunoreacivity (CPR) was 2.45 +/- 0.96 ng/ml, increasing promptly after a 50 g
      oral glucose load, but somewhat slower than insulin. Molar concentration of CPR
      exceeded that of insulin. CPR responses to glucose were subnormal in diabetics,
      very low in juvenile-type cases, and often poor in patients on insulin treatment.
      Fasting CPR levels were elevated in patients on corticosteroid treatment and with
      uraemia. A patient with insulin "auto-antibody" had high serum CPR. A
      considerable amount of CPR appeared in urine. Normal daily excretion of CPR was
      1.52 +/- 0.55 mug/kg or 55.1 +/- 18.2 ng/mg creatinine. Urine CPR was very low in
      juvenile-type diabetics, and elevated in patients on corticosteroid treatment.
      The results confirm that blood and urine CPR are useful measures of the endocrine
      pancreatic function.

PMID- 976639
TI  - Disappearance rate of endogenous human C-peptide from blood.
AB  - Glucagon (1 mg) and glucose (60 ml of 50% solution) were infused over 60 min to
      three normal and one obese subjects and two insulinoma patients. Plasma C-peptide
      immunoreactivity (CPR) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) increased during the
      infusion. Half time of CPR after cessation of the infusion was 20.1 +/- 4.0 min,
      and that of IRI 9.8 +/- 1.3 min, respectively. This difference partly explains
      the higher molar concentration in plasma of CPR than IRI.

PMID- 976640
TI  - The excretion of insulin in urine.
AB  - The concentration of biologically active insulin was measured by the isolated fat
      cell method in serum and urine from healthy subjects and compared with the
      concentration of immunoreactive insulin. In both urine and serum the values
      obtained by the two methods correlated closely; In addition, there was a close
      correlation between the concentration of biologically active and immunoreactive
      insulin in urine from maturity onset diabetics. Therefore, conclusions on the
      excretion in the urine and the urinary clearance of insulin, which are based on
      measurements of immunoreactive insulin, are also valid for biologically active
      insulin.

PMID- 976641
TI  - The role of calcium in glucagon release, interactions between glucose and
      calcium.
AB  - The interrelationships between glucose and calcium in glucagon release were
      investigated using the dynamic system of the in vitro perfused rat pancreas. When
      calcium deprivation was induced in the presence of fixed concentrations of
      glucose prevailing throughout the experiments (3.3, 5.5, 8.3 and 16.6 mM), an
      enhancement of glucagon release invariably occurred, the shape and amplitude of
      such response differing in relation to the environmental glucose concentration.
      Such enhancement of glucagon release was readily reversible upon restoration of
      normal calcium levels. By contrast, during the period of calcium deprivation
      itself, glucagon release was little influenced by either raised (from 3.3 to 16.6
      mM) or decreased (from 16.6 to 3.3 mM) glucose concentrations. These results
      clearly indicate that calcium plays, at least, a dual role - both inhibitory and
      permissive - in glucagon secretion, but the intimate mechanisms by which calcium
      exerts such a dual action are at present unknown.

PMID- 976642
TI  - Neural induction by previously induced epiblast in avian embryo in vitro.
AB  - Pieces of previously neurally induced and competent epiblast of chick and,
      respectively, quail primitive streak blastoderms were cultured in close contact
      with each other for 48 h. In several cases, both pieces differentiated into
      neural direction, which indicates the occurrence of a homoiogenetic induction.
      There was a considerable mixing of cells of different origin, especially in the
      undifferentiated controls. In general, the dorsoventral orientation of the
      previously induced epiblast was retained, but the orientation of the competent
      epiblast cells was more flexible and could be influenced by the neighbouring
      neuralised cells.

PMID- 976643
TI  - In vitro transcription of partially deproteinised and reconstituted chromatins
      from pigeon erythroid cells.
AB  - The role of protein fractions extracted from chromatin preparations with NaCl
      concentrations up to 0.7 M in the additional repression of pigeon erythrocyte
      genome was investigated. The chromatins from erythroblasts and erythrocytes were
      dissociated with 0.7 M NaCl and reconstituted from dissociated components to
      obtain the "original" and "hybrid" chromatins. The protein fraction extracted
      from erythrocyte chromatin at 0.7 M NaCl was more efficient in the restriction of
      transcription with partially deproteinised chromatin from both erythroblasts and
      erythrocytes. The partially deproteinised chromatin from both erythorblasts and
      erythrocytes. The partially deproteinised chromatins were also complexed in
      various conditions with purified F1 or F2c histones. In such complexes, F2c
      histone was a stronger inhibitor of template activity than histone F1.

PMID- 976644
TI  - On the mode of activation of sequestered messengers in Artemia salina.
AB  - Activation of the dormant embryos of Artemia salina was marked by a rapid
      increase in 32P uptake which reached a stationary phase after 6 h of activation.
      The increase in 32P uptake by whole cysts was paralleled by its incorporation
      into nucleotides. Fractionation of acid-soluble nucleotides and alkaline
      hydrolysate of nucleic acids on Dowex-1-formate column revealed the 32P
      radioactivity to be exclusively localised in AMP. Analysis of the labelled RNA
      species extracted at different stages of development indicated a preferential
      labelling of small molecular weight species till the emergence of the embryos,
      followed by the de novo synthesis of messenger and stable RNA species in later
      stages of development. During early development, polyadenylated RNA species were
      localised in the particulate fraction sedimenting at 16,000 rpm and their
      location shifted to the soluble fraction as development proceeded. Activation of
      performed messengers by phosphorylation of the adenylate residue of their poly A
      stretches and translocation of the capacitated messengers to the cytosol via a
      RNP-membrane complex is proposed as a trigger of embryonic differentiation.

PMID- 976645
TI  - Evidence for chromosome endoreduplication in Eudorina californica, a colonial
      alga.
AB  - Several nuclear events seen during the cleavage period in Eudorina suggest that
      chromosome endoreduplication, proportional to the number of cells to be produced,
      may occur in the gonidia prior to cleavage. Presumably the DNA concentration is
      reduced to the haploid level during rapid, successive divisions of the cleavage
      period. To test this hypothesis, I determined DNA content of gonidia as they grew
      from 4 mum to 38 mum in diameter between cleavage periods. During growth from 4
      mum to 8 mum in diameter, the DNA concentration remained at the haploid level of
      0.17 pg/cell. As gonidia in 64 cell colonies continued to grow from 8 mum to 33
      mum in diameter, their DNA concentrations increased 60-fold. Analysis of the
      Eudorina DNA by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl showed only 2 bands with
      buoyant densities of 1.721 g/cm3 and 1.699 g/cm3, presumed to be nuclear and
      chloroplast, respectively, on the basis of labelling with 3H-thymidine and 3H
      adenine. The 8:2 ratio of the two bands did not change with increase in cell size
      and no other bands were detected, suggesting that both nuclear and chloroplast
      DNAs were synthesised proportionately prior to the cleavage period.

PMID- 976646
TI  - A model implicating the Langerhans cell in keratinocyte proliferation control.
AB  - A tentative model is presented which is based on existing data and our own cell
      kinetic and morphological observations in mice. The model suggests that the
      epidermal Langerhans cell plays a role in proliferation control of keratinocytes
      and may also act as an epidermal stem cell.

PMID- 976647
TI  - DNA synthesis by hybrid echinoid embryos produced from parent species of low and
      high temperature tolerance.
AB  - Synthesis of DNA, as measured by quantitative Feulgen microspectrophotometry, was
      studied in reciprocal echinoid hybrids and their homospermic controls. Both
      parent species develop at the same rate until hatching, at 20 degrees C. One
      parent (Lytechinus) will develop normally at 25 degrees C, a temperature lethal
      for the other parent employed in the studies (Strongylocentrotus).
      Strongylocentrotus will develop normally at 10 degrees C, a temperature at which
      Lytechinus fertilised eggs live, but fail to cleave. It was found that sperm of
      Lytechinus in eggs of Strongylocentrotus (SL hybrid) show a slowing of the S
      phase of the cell cycle at 10 degrees C, and that sperm of Strongylocentrotus in
      eggs of Lytechinus (LS hybrid) show a slowing of the S phase at 25 degrees C.
      These slowing effects are not noted during cleavage stages. The results are
      discussed in terms of proteins produced during the time of active transcription
      of the hybrid genome which may be rate-limiting in the synthesis of DNA in the
      hybrid embryos under these temperature extremes.

PMID- 976648
TI  - On the origin of primordial germ cells in the chick embryo.
AB  - An attempt was made to re-examine the location of the primordial germ cells
      (PGCs) in very young chick embryos. Freshly laid blastoderms, prior to hypoblast
      formation, of a known anterio-posterior axis, were transversely bisected and each
      half was separately grown in vitro. Both anterior and posterior halves were shown
      to be fertile and each was shown to contain roughly the same amount of PGCs as a
      normal control embryo. It has been concluded that in the chick as well as in the
      duck there is no concentration of cells containing germinal plasm in the
      posterior part of the blastoderm. Two other possibilities should be investigated:
      1. A concentric arrangement of cells containing germinal plasm. 2. The absence of
      a germinal plasm and a relatively late appearance of PGCs as a result of
      induction.

PMID- 976649
TI  - Foetal rat pancreas in organ culture. Effect of corticosterone concentrations on
      the acinar and islet cell components.
AB  - Foetal rat pancreatic explants (20-day postcoitum) were grown in organ culture on
      medium enriched with serum and embryo extract containing various concentrations
      of corticosterone. Normal pancreatic exocrine morphology was preserved. In
      addition, media amylase concentration remained high and media insulin was
      suppressed. This is in sharp contrast to explants incubated on control medium
      without addition of steroid in which a rapid dissappearance of the acinar
      component and a selective proliferation of the islet cells was noted. The
      magnitude of these effects was related to the concentration of the steroid.
      Corticosterone was effective in preserving pancreatic acinar cells through 8-10
      days in vitro. Removal of high levels of corticosterone from the incubation
      medium after 4 days of culture resulted in a decrease in media amylase and a fall
      in explant acinar cell mass. The media insulin returned to control levels during
      the following 4 days of culture. Addition of corticosterone to the media
      following 4 days of control culture resulted in no increase in media amylase and
      no statistically significant differences in explant acinar cell mass. Media
      insulin was decreased from control levels following the additional 4 days of
      incubation. However, corticosterone, even at a concentration of 10.0 mug/ml, was
      not effective in depressing insulin secretion as was foetal adrenal co-culture.
      It is proposed that adrenal corticosteroids are responsible for the maintenance
      of differentiated acinar cells previously observed in pancreatic adrenal co
      culture. This suggests that corticosteroids may play an important role in in vivo
      pancreatic morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation. In addition, adrenal
      corticosteroids directly inhibit insulin release from the explant beta cells in
      vitro.

PMID- 976650
TI  - Transcription of repetitive and unique DNA nucleotide sequences in pigeon
      erythroid cells with different degrees of specialization.
AB  - HnRNA fractions with sedimentation coefficients greater than 45 S isolated from
      pigeon bone marrow as well as from the immature and mature erythroid cells of
      periferal blood were hybridised with a large excess of DNA fractionated on the
      basis of renaturation kinetics. 58-62% of the input RNAs were recovered as RNAase
      resistant hybrids. About 1/3 (20%) of bone marrow greater than 45 S RNA found in
      the hybrids was hybridised with the repetitive and baout 2/3 (40%) with the
      unique DNA sequences. In addition, a considerably smaller portion of greater than
      45 S RNA from the "reticulocytes" (13%) and "erythrocytes" (approximately 6%) was
      hybridised with the repetitive DNA.

PMID- 976651
TI  - An electrophoretic analysis of RNA synthesis in normal and lobeless Ilyanassa
      embryo.
AB  - RNA from pulse-labelled normal and lobeless Illyanassa embryos was analysed by
      electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. The proportional distribution of
      radioactivity among the RNAs made by these two types of embryos was compared
      statistically. It was shown that removal of the third polar lobe from the
      Ilyanassa egg at first cleavage did not produce any change in the proportion of
      several size classes of RNA transcribed during the first day od development. The
      post-gastrular lobeless embryo did show a significant deviation from the normal
      pattern of RNA synthesis, though it is not clear that this was a direct effect on
      transcription by the polar lobe cytoplasm.

PMID- 976652
TI  - Isoenzymes of acid phosphatase and non-specific esterases in cultures of
      neoplastic and normal tobacco tissues.
AB  - Axenic cultures of normal, habituated and crown gall teratoma were grown under
      varying conditions to examine the effects of environment on the expression of
      neoplastic character. Acid phosphatase patterns on polyacrylamide gels did not
      vary greatly among tissues although there were differences in acid phosphatase
      activity between various strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the bacteria which
      cause crown gall. Certain esterase isoenzymes were found only in tissues grown on
      specific media, while others were tissue-specific but independent of the nature
      of the medium. Comparisons of liquid and solid grown cultures revealed that
      culture conditions also influence esterase expression. Both sunflower and tobacco
      crown gall tissue contained an esterase not found in habituated or normal
      tissues, and similar in electrophoretic mobility to an esterase found in extracts
      of the bacteria that had induced the tumors. The basic difference between the
      three tissue types studied is the manner in which they respond to a given
      environment.

PMID- 976654
TI  - [The coronary care unit network in Italy. Current status].

PMID- 976653
TI  - Abnormal regulation of cyclic AMP binding proteins. A critical lesion of
      malignancy of non-neural cells.

PMID- 976655
TI  - [Use of atrial pacing in diagnosis of coronary insufficiency. Comparison between
      coronarography and exercise test (author's transl)].
AB  - --123 atrial pacings (AP) performed as diagnostic investigations in patients with
      chest pains were re-examined. By using floating catheter without fluoroscopic
      control, this technique is very simple to perform and free from relevant risks.
      The diagnostic sensibility and specificity of AP were examined in 93 patients in
      which a coronary arteriography was performed; these figures were compared with
      the corresponding values observed in 65 patients in which an adequate diagnostic
      exercise test (ET) was also available. The diagnostic sensibility of AP examined
      in 63 patients with significant coronary artery disease was 90%; the
      corresponding value of ET was 79%. In particular, in patients with single vessel
      disease, the sensibility of AP (90%) was much higher than that observed in ET
      (40%). The specificity of AP examined in 30 patients free from significant
      stenosis of the coronary arterial tree was 43%. This value was largely lower than
      that observed in ET (82%) in the same patients, and appears to be inadequate for
      validation AP as a diagnostic tool in coronary heart disease. Therefore, AP must
      be limited to functional, and not diagnostic, evaluation of patients in which the
      diagnosis of coronary heart disease can be made by other means.

PMID- 976656
TI  - [Coronarographic and ventriculographic aspects of 76 cases of unstable angina
      (authors transl)].
AB  - -- Coronarographic and ventriculographic aspects of 76 patients with unstable
      angina were analyzed. 8 cases (10%) had normal coronary arteries, 9 (11.8%) had
      slight stenotic lesions (less than 50%), 59 (77.6%) had serious stenosis. The
      stenosis concerned only one principal branch in 22 patients (37.2%), 2 branches
      in 24 (40%), 3 branches in 13 (22%). In 77-79% of cases, ventricular
      contractility was normal. A collateral circulation was found in 58% of cases, but
      no link was discovered between the coronaric lesions and the clinical type of
      angina. The course of the illness was studied during the hospitalization and post
      hospitalization period for an average observation time of 14 months (55 cases).
      The course of illness type depends on the number of affected branches and the
      myocardial contractility. In 25% of the patients with lesions in 3 branches there
      was an unfavourable course of illness (either infarction or death), whilst where
      there were lesions in one or two branches, negative results were 11% and 15%
      respectively. Patients with normal coronary arteries or slight stenosis had no
      unfavourable course of illness. In 37% of patients with altered contractility, an
      unfavourable course of illness was found, as against 27% with normal
      contractility. The presence of collateral circulation doesn't seem to influence
      the course the illness takes. A coronarographic examination seems to be an
      essential elelment in deciding on the prognosis of unstable angina.

PMID- 976657
TI  - [Variable aspects in mitral valve prolapse. Echographic and phonocardiographic
      studies of 68 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Previous parallel echocardiographic-angiocardiographic studies have proven
      specificity and sensitivity of ultrasonography in diagnosing prolapse of the
      mitral valve. Echocardiograms and phonocardiograms from 68 patients with mitral
      valve prolapse were studied. Echocardiograms suggestive of mitral valve prolapse
      were obtained in 66 patients. The typical abnormality consisted of an abrupt
      posterior displacement of the mitral valve leaflets, either late systolic or
      pansystolic. Moreover a new pattern not previously described was observed, i.e.
      an abrupt isolated early systolic posterior motion of the mitral leaflets ("early
      prolapse"). Phonocardiography, on the other hand, showed a variable spectrum of
      acoustic findings: non-ejection systolic click and/or late systolic murmur,
      pansytolic murmur, early systolic click,ejectioarly systolic click, ejection
      murmur, in variable association, and finally no abnormal sound at all ("silent
      prolapse"). The authors conclude that mitral valve prolapse may be suspected,
      whatever the auscultatory finding. Echocardiography provides a useful, non
      invasive method for detecting those forms which also present an uncommon
      auscultatory pattern.

PMID- 976658
TI  - [Phonomechanocardiographic diagnosis of the apparently "silent" mitral valve
      prolapse syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - Five cases with angiocardiographically diagnosed posterior mitral valve prolapse
      and without ausculatotory findings of midsystolic click or late systolic murmur
      were studied with phonocardiographic technique employing pharmacological tests
      and postural changes. A midsystolic click was thus obtained. Isoprenaline was the
      must helpful drug to achieve it. The accompanying electrocardiographic and
      coronarographic features of this syndrome are described and discussed.

PMID- 976659
TI  - Influence of "Polarizing" infusions on anthiarrhythmic effects of beta-blockers.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic effect of practolol (0.30 mg/kg) was studied in 25 patients
      pretreated with infusion of glucose-insulin (GI) solution. GI solution showed an
      antiarrhythmic effect either after or before the beta-blocker with pH in normal
      range or compensated metabolic acidosis. GI infusion produced a metabolic
      acidosis and an arrhythmogenic effect in some cases. Practolol had no
      antiarrhythmic effect in patients with VPB and GI infusion raised metabolic
      acidosis.

PMID- 976660
TI  - [Early changes of respiratory function in mitral valve stenosis].
AB  - In order to detect early changes of respiratory function in patients affects by
      pure mitral valve stenosis, the authors selected 12 patients-non smokers, without
      symptoms of respiratory disease, of I and II NYHA class. In all subjects right
      and left cardiac catheterization and conventional spirometric measurements were
      performed. Then maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), maximal expiratory flow at
      50% of vital capacity (MEF 50%), maximal expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity
      (MEF 25%), closing volume (CV) and closing capacity (CC) were determined, to find
      a small airways (bronchi of caliber inferior to 2 mm) disease. Whereas
      conventional spirometric measurements showed normal values, the small airways
      disease was proved by MEF 50% and MEF 25% measurements. The small airways
      obstruction observed by the authors may be due to: a) dilatation of pulmonary
      vessels because of venous congestion resulting in the compression of adjacent
      small airways; b) partial bronchiolar obstruction because of congestion of
      submucous venous plexus; c) interstitial oedema due to increase of extravascular
      pulmonary water because of pulmonary venous congestion.

PMID- 976661
TI  - ["Peripheral infarction blocks". Vectocardiographic analysis and electrogenetic
      hypothesis (author's transl)].
AB  - 500 vectorcardiograms of variously located myocardial infarctions were analysed.
      Abnormalities of the afferent limb of QRS loop, consistent with intraventricular
      conduction disturbances, were detected in 42 cases. This pattern, according to
      Rosenbaum, was called "infarction block"; it was always associated with inferior
      and/or posterior infarction. This kind of block is shown by a large downward,
      righward and backward-directed vector, which always appears about 50 msec after
      the onset of ventricular activation. Total ventricular depolarization time was
      not significantly prolonged. The pattern was explained as a variant of "peri
      infarction block" and its origin is hypothesized as the interruption of a
      peripheral ramification of LBB posterior fascicle.

PMID- 976662
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of the dissection of the thoracic aorta].
AB  - Nine patients with aortic root dilatation without dissection and four patients
      with a dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta were studied with single-plane
      echocardiography. Previously reported echocardiographic findings, which have been
      shown to be similar in these two groups of patients, are confirmed. In addition
      to (a) aortic root dilatation, (b) thickening of the anterior and/or the
      posterior aortic wall, and (c) the multiple parallel echoes within the widened
      aortic walls, which are all considered to be not specific signs of dissection,
      the authors outline the presence of some specific echocardiographic patterns in
      patients with a dissecting hematoma of the ascending aorta. These include: 1) the
      loss of contiguity between the inner borders of the anterior aortic wall and the
      interventricular septum when the dissection is confined to the anterior wall of
      the aorta; 2) the loss of contiguity between the inner and/or outer borders of
      the posterior aortic wall and the mitral anulus if the hematoma extends to the
      posterior wall of the aorta.

PMID- 976663
TI  - [Study of the descending phase of the aortic pressure curve. Possible
      applications to the monitoring of peripheral resistance and arterial compliance
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 21 patients aortic pressure was recorded just above the diaphragm. The curve
      after the dicrotic notch is an exponential function of the time, and it is
      possible to characterize it by a unique time-constant. This constnat is shown to
      depend on aortic compliance and peripheral resistance: as aortic compliance does
      not vary abruptly in physiological conditions, this allows monitoring of
      peripheral resistance by monitoring time constant. Mathematical bases of time
      constant and of the peripheral resistance are briefly discussed.

PMID- 976664
TI  - [Study of left ventricular function. Part III. Integration of shrinkage and
      displacement parameters (author's transl)].

PMID- 976665
TI  - Experimental revascularization of acute myocardial infarction. III: Correlation
      between the behaviour of the free nucleotide acid solubles and some aliphatic
      biogenic amines.
AB  - Free nucleotide, polyamine and nucleic acid synthesis was studied in myocardial
      acute ischemia and reperfusion. An early stimulation of biosynthesis of these
      compounds was observed during ischemia, than later, a remarkable decrease of
      their specific radioactivity appeared. Reperfusion experiments cause a
      significant increase of nucleic acids and related compound biosynthesis. The
      results indicate that the biochemical mechanism of myocardial protein synthesis,
      under our experimental conditions are not irreversibly damaged by ischemia. In
      fact, the  reperfusion causes a remarkable recovery of nucleic acid, free
      nucleotide and polyamine specific radioactivity. The changes during the period of
      infarction and subsequent reperfusion show that polyamines play a key role in
      myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.

PMID- 976666
TI  - [Persistent atrial ectopic supraventricular tachycardia. Report of a case of a
      child with persistent regression of the arrhythmia after treatment with
      amiodarone per os (author's transl)]U.

PMID- 976667
TI  - [Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The case of a three year-old child with anomalous origin of the left coronary
      artery from the pulmonary artery is presented. He had a clinical picture and an
      electrocardiographic pattern of antero-lateral myocardial infarction that
      suggested a cardiac malformation. Once the diagnosis was established by cardiac
      catheterization and coronary arteriography, the defect was successfully correted
      by transplanting the anomalous coronary vessel to the aorta. The clinical,
      electrocardiographic and angiographic features of the anomaly are given.

PMID- 976668
TI  - [Rupture of interventricular septum secondary to blunt chest trauma. Report of a
      case surgically treated with success (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of interventricular septal defect secondary to blunt chest trauma is
      reported. It was characterized by a disconnection of the interventricular
      muscolar septal in the  anterosuperior part of the heart wall. The diagnosis,
      suspected by clinical and instrumental parameters, was definitely confirmedy by
      hemodynamic and contrastographic examination. Repair surgery of the defect with a
      dacron patch was performed, using extracorporea normothermic circulation seven
      months after the accident. The patient was examined three months and twelve
      months after the operation; the clinical examinations did not reveal any cardiac
      murmur and the patient's health was satisfactory. The incidence, mechanism of
      rupture of interventricular septum and the main surgical and clinical aspects of
      this type of pathology are discussed.

PMID- 976669
TI  - [Reasearch and the scientific article].

PMID- 976670
TI  - [Lymphatic peritoneo-pleural communications].

PMID- 976671
TI  - [Rifampicin in the treatment of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 976672
TI  - [Recent advances in the therapy of the Parkinsonian syndrome].

PMID- 976673
TI  - [Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenom, sclerodactylia and telangiectasia in
      progressive systemic sclerosis. Statistical analysis of contingencies].

PMID- 976674
TI  - [Physician-population interactions].

PMID- 976675
TI  - [Sleep and wakefulness rhythm as the representation of basic rhythms].

PMID- 976676
TI  - [Monoamines and neuroendocrinal rhythms].

PMID- 976677
TI  - [Circadian rhythms. Trials of etiopathogenecity and correlation].

PMID- 976678
TI  - [Use of cryoprecipitates in major surgery on the hemophilic patient].

PMID- 976679
TI  - [Role of the anithyroideal antibodies in the etiology of chromosome aberrations].

PMID- 976680
TI  - [Cyrcadian rhythms: chronobiology. I. Introduction].

PMID- 976681
TI  - [Experimental models in the study of circadian rhythms].

PMID- 976682
TI  - Peptic ulcer in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Twelve cases of peptic ulcer with diabetes mellitus were found in 165
      hospitalized diabetics. All of them had gastric ulcer and no duodenal ulcers were
      found. The incidence of peptic ulcer in diabetics was comparatively higher than
      the previously reported series. But there was nosignificant correlation between
      the duration of diabetes and the onset of gastric ulcer. The gastric ulcer with
      poorly controlled diabetes showed more intractability than those without
      triopathy and well-controlled diabetes.

PMID- 976683
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of experimental acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis was studied by electron microscopy after retrograde infusion
      of either trypsin, and/or beta-glucuronidase into the canine pancreatic duct.
      Marked changes were induced by the mixture of trypsin and beta-glucuronidase. (1)
      The acinar cells were initially excavated from the acinar lumen and formed cystic
      bodies in themselves. The cystic bodies were then disrupted at their marginal
      membranes, and the acinar cells were filled with a large amount of fibrillar
      materials which originated from the contents of the cystic bodies. At this time,
      the luminal margin of the acinar cells completely disappeared. (2) The cellular
      organellas and the intracellular fibrillar materials in the acinar cells were
      discharged into the interstitial space through the disrupted basal lamina.
      Infection in the pancreatic ductal system was considered to play an important
      role in the pathogenesis of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

PMID- 976684
TI  - Clinical investigation on abnormal glucose tolerance in liver cirrhosis.
AB  - The changes of blood glucose, serum insulin, serum free fatty acid and its fatty
      acid composition following oral glucose load were observed in twenty-nine
      cirrhotic patients. The insulin secretory response was significantly lower in the
      cirrhotic patients with overt diabetes than in those without overt diabetes.
      There were no definite relation between serum free fatty acid level or its
      composition and glucose intolerance. These results suggest that the diabetic
      state in most of the cirrhotic patients with overt diabetes is due to essential
      diabetes and that serum free fatty acid livel and its composition are not
      important factors contributory to the glucose intolerance in liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 976685
TI  - Serum gastrin and gastrin-like immunoreactivity of gastrointestinal mucosa in
      fetal, neonatal and adult rats.
AB  - Serum gastrin concentration became became detectable in rats at one week after
      birth (56 pg/ml), and a rapid rise to 198 pg/ml was seen at two weeks after
      birth. Gradual decreases were seen again at three weeks and four weeks, and
      thereafter it attained the adult level of 132 +/- 17.6 pg/ml. In regards to the
      gastrin-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in the gastrointestinal mucosa during the
      fetal period, the values were extremely low even in the antral mucosa. However,
      the GLI showed an increase during the neonatal suckling period, and was
      accompanied by a remarkable increase at the commencement of feeding. This GLI
      coincided with so-called little gastrin, and while an increase accompanied by the
      development of growth was seen, no qualitative changes were evident. GLI values
      were high in the duodenal mucosa followed by the antrum, and positive evidence
      was also seen in the corpus of the stomach and jejunum. High values of GLI in the
      mucosae were gradually seen at two weeks after birth coinciding with the rise in
      serum gastrin levels, and the significance of the increases was discussed from
      the anlge of the trophic effect of gastrin.

PMID- 976686
TI  - Diagnosis and its limit of diseases of the colon.

PMID- 976687
TI  - Vitamin B2 metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - An investigation on vitamin B2 (V.B2) metabolism was undertaken, using perfused
      livers isolated from 1. normal rats, 2. riboflavin deficient rats, 3. choline
      deficient rats with fatty cirrhtic livers, and 4. alloxan diabetic rats, without
      the effect of extrahepatic factors. From the results, it was concluded that
      phosphorylation of V.B2 was performed in the liver, and was remarkably reduced in
      fatty cirrhosis. Moreover, in alloxan diabetic liver, the affected
      phosphorylation of V.B2 was improved by the infusion of insulin. The important
      role that liver performs on V.B2 metabolism, can be emphasized from these
      findings.

PMID- 976688
TI  - Immunological studies on drug-induced allergic hepatitis.
AB  - In many cases of drug-induced allergic hepatitis, peripheral lymphocytes were
      transformed by the stimulation with a given drug in the presence of autologous
      serum. However, when rat liver microsome fraction of soluble liver specific
      antigen fraction was added to the culture instead of autologous serum, the drug
      induced lymphocyte transformation was more efficiently seen than autologus serum,
      while rat liver mitochondria fraction was less effective. On the other hand, in
      the cases of allergic drug eruption which did not show any liver injury, the
      addition of liver subcellular fractions were much less effective to induce the
      lymphocyte transformation than autologous serum. These results may suggest that
      liver subcellular component is involved in pathogenesis of drug-induced allergic
      hepatitis.

PMID- 976689
TI  - Effect of premedication of coenzyme Q10 on pancreozymin-induced pancreatic
      secretion in rats.
AB  - Effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an essential coenzyme in oxidative
      phosphorylation in the mitochondria, was studied in the rat's pancreas. A dose of
      pancreozymin (0.2 u/100 g body wt) was injected into the femoral vein at 20 min
      intervals. The initial injection produced a definite increase in amylase output
      and the pancreatic juice flow. Subsequent injections, however, caused smaller
      responses than the preceding (tachyphylaxis). When CoQ10 (3 mg/100 g body wt) had
      been administrated 1 hour prior to the initial stimulation, both the amylase
      output and the rate of juice flow were significantly enhanced: the tachyphylaxis
      almost disappeared. Effect of CoQ10 was also observed in the isolated and
      perfused pancreas. CoQ10 produced slight increase in pancreozymin-induced amylase
      output, but the increase was not significant. The effect of CoQ10, to increase
      the pancreatic blood flow, seems to be involved in the in situ effect of CoQ10 in
      cooperation with the direct effect on pancreatic acinar cells.

PMID- 976690
TI  - Clinical effects of anticancer drugs to pancreatic diseases as protein synthesis
      inhibitors.
AB  - The anticancer drugs, like 5-Fluorouracil, which are believed to interfere with
      enzyme protein synthesis in the exocrine cells of pancreas were administered
      intravenously to fifteen patients with various pancreatic diseases. The
      improvement of clinical symptoms and the diminution of serum and urinary amylase
      levels were observed in four cases with acute pancreatitis and two cases with
      chronic relapsing pancreatitis. The postoperative complications, namely the
      formation of pancreatic fistula and the rupture of pancreaticojejunostomy, or the
      aggravation of concomitant pancreatitis were not observed in three cases with
      benign surgical pancreatic diseases and six cases with pancreatic carcinoma.
      Furthermore, the diminution of amylase and protein output of pancreatic juice
      from canulae inserted into pancreatic ducts were observed.

PMID- 976691
TI  - Comparison of pancreatic dysfunction in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and
      chronic gallstone pancreatitis.
AB  - Comparative assessments of the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas
      associated with gallstone pancreatitis or alcoholic pancreatitis were performed
      in a series of 86 patients, 20 with cholelithiasis, 12 with chronic alcoholism,
      24 with chronic gallstone pancreatitis and 30 with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis
      and 32 healthy subjects were served as controls. The patients with cholelithiasis
      showed exocrine hypersecretion of the pancreas. In the patients with gallstone
      pancreatitis, all the assessed parameters of exocrine function were depressed. On
      the other hand, no pancreatic exocrine dysfunction was dispalyed in cases with
      chronic alcoholism. In the non-calcifying alcoholic pancreatitis, both the volume
      output and the the maximum concentration and output of bicarbonate were
      diminished but depression in amylase output was not seen. All these parameters
      were lowered in patients with calcifying pancreatitis. Elevation of hexosamine
      concentration in the pancreatic juice was evident in alcoholic pancreatitis as
      compared with gallstone pancreatitis, being particularly prominent in cases of
      non-calcifying pancreatitis. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis were observed
      to secrete viscous pancreatic juice richer in amylase and hexosamine content,
      than those in the patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Endocrine dysfunction of
      the pancreas is more frequent and intense in alcoholic pancreatitis than in
      gallstone pancreatitis.

PMID- 976692
TI  - The discrepancy between plasma clearance tests of indocyanine green (ICG) and
      sulfobromophthalein (BSP): --report of cases and a study of ICG-binding pattern
      of serum proteins.
AB  - Two cases of Gilbert's syndrome and three cases of other diseases showed
      abnormally low plasma indocyanine green (ICG) clearance as contrated with normal
      or nearly normal plasma sulfobromphthalein (BSP) clearance. To evaluate the role
      of serum proteins in pathogenesis of these cases, ICG-binding patterns of serum
      proteins of the patients were compared with that of normal persons by the method
      of Sephadex G200 column chromatography. No qualitative differences in binding
      patterns were observed between serum proteins of the patients and normal persons.
      From these results, serum proteins were thought to be minor determinants of the
      hepatic ICG uptake mechanism. Because of normal or nearly normal plasma BSP
      clearance in these patients, the contents of hepatic organic anion-binding
      proteins, Y and Z, were thought to be sufficient. Possible qualitative
      abnormalities of the Y and/or Z proteins were also discussed.

PMID- 976693
TI  - [Altitude adaptation. Part II. Altitude adaptation as a problem of human biology.
      I. Growth)].
AB  - There are 3 main components influencing the mean stature of high altitude
      natives. The lower mean birthweight, which seems to result from the impossibility
      of complete adaptation during the last trimenon of gestation, which cannot be
      fully compensated during life. The general protein deficiency, or the habits of
      nutrition which are not comparable with the food-composition in industry-nations
      may be important. A definitive undernourishment has not been observed in those
      nations with longtime adaptation to the available food since generations, but
      several deficiencies of substances which specially influence growth, cannot be
      outruled. We also have to recognize the generally lower mean stature of the
      population in whole (South America Indians), that means of the both parents of a
      child. In the presence of low gene flow from one to the other generation this may
      influence also individual body measurement.

PMID- 976694
TI  - Stages of seminiferous epithelial cycle and relative duration of spermatogenic
      processes in the buffalo (Bos bubalus).
AB  - By using haematoxylin-eosin preparations, the seminiferous epithelial cycle (SEC)
      in the buffalo has been divided into 8 stages; stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 have been
      subdivided. The percentage frequency of these stages and substages has been
      determined by using the serial sections. The approximate relative duration for
      the various spermatogenic cells and processes has been worked out from the
      percentage frequency of a substage or a stage, and the number of substages or
      stages in which the particular cell or the cell phase was present. The total
      approximate duration of spermatogenesis in the buffalo is 457 units, which has
      been divided by the duration of one SEC (i.e. 100 units). The buffalo
      spermatogenesis is constituted by 4.57 cycles of seminiferous epithelium. The
      results of the present studies have been compared and contrasted with those of
      previous studies on various mammalian species including farm animals. For its
      kinetics of spermatogenesis, the buffalo resembles the bull closely.

PMID- 976695
TI  - [Quantitative description of growth processes in man as a basis for the objective
      comparison of sex-specific data for various body measurements].
AB  - To compare growth processes of feminine human beings with such one of masculine
      we have taken as realizations of the growth characteristic the morphological
      height of face (distance between nasion and gnathion), length of nose (distance
      between nasion and subnasale) and body length of two spatially and temporally
      different populations. Measured values of these characteristics for different
      ages of individuals provide the basis for mathematical evaluation. The parameters
      of the following three types of mathematical functions were adjusted to the
      measured time course of the growth characteristics: Gompertz' function, inverse
      tangent and the generalized logistic growth function. The principal possibilities
      are explained which a mathematical expression can offer for qualitative and
      quantitative description of dynamical processes. The results of fitting the 3
      competitive function types to the course of the measured values are given and
      several quantitative conclusions are demonstrated arising from comparisons of
      corresponding growth processes of feminine and masculine human beings.

PMID- 976696
TI  - [The origin and ramifications of the intracavernous section of the internal
      carotid artery].
AB  - The fine ramifications of the internal carotid artery arising in the cavernous
      sinus were minutely prepared and investigated on 23 heads: 1) Origins, branchings
      and their variations have been systematically traced. 2) The areas supplied by
      the carotico-cavernous ramifications of the internal carotid artery their
      anastomoses and positioning to one another have been analysed and classified. 3)
      Three schematic illustrations prepared from the specimens dissected summarize and
      annotate the findings. 4) The diagrams have also been included which summa iza
      and compare the results of earlier investigators. The newly discovered and
      heretofore unpublished variations have been included along with a comparison to
      these of the already varying terminology extant for the origins, branchings,
      final destinations and relationships.

PMID- 976697
TI  - [Craniometric studies on the functional morphology of the atlanto-occipital joint
      in man. Part 1: Literature survey, materials and methods].

PMID- 976698
TI  - Structural observations on the gills of two fresh water teleost fishes,
      Notopterus notopterus and Colisa fasciatus.
AB  - 1. The structural observations of the gills of Notopterus and Colisa fasciatus
      have been studied in detail. 2. The gills of Notopterus notopterus and Colisa
      fasciatus consist of 2 regions: a) Gill head region, and b) Gill lamellae region.
      Gill head region is covered by epithelial layer possessing the mucous and mast
      cells. Gill head region consists of bony arch, gill rakers and interbranchial
      septum. 3. Interbranchial septum is reduced in Notopterus notopterus while it
      extends near half to the length of the filament in Colisa fasciatus. 4. In both
      fishes, the adductor muscle, afferent and efferent branchial vessels and gill
      rays are present in the interbranchial septum area. 5. Gill lamellae region
      consists of primary and secondary lamellae in both the fishes. 6. In Notopterus
      notopterus the primary lamellae are compressed flat structures possessing gill
      rays, 1 afferent and 1 efferent branchial vessel, while in Colisa fasciatus 2
      efferent vessels are present. 7. Secondary lamellae are arranged parallel to one
      another on both sides of the primary lamellae. Secondary lamellae consist of
      basement membrane, epithelial cells, vascular layer and pillar cells. Mucous and
      mast cells are also present in this region in case of Notopterus notopterus while
      only mast cells are present in Colisa fasciatus. 8. Mast cells are eosinophilic,
      highly granulated in both the fishes.

PMID- 976699
TI  - [Methods for approximate and exact complanation of spheroidal-cell nuclei as an
      aid for statistical karyometric studies on nuclear variation].
AB  - After short mathematical explanations on exact formulas for surface area
      calculation of the three-axis ellipsoid and the spheroid, approximation formulas,
      which for the most part are modified formulas of the spherical surface area, are
      developed. By application of of Jacobj's linear method and Lange's curvimeter
      planimeter method, these approximation formulas are used to calculate the surface
      areas with identical semi-axis and diameter values being inserted, and the
      results are compared with each other and the true values. If the design procedure
      is extended to other axial rations, numeric and per cent surveys result in the
      form of tables. The approximation formulas, whose results differ only a little
      from the true value and which require only a minimum of computing effort are
      selected. For the three-axis ellipsoid as well as for the spheroid, the true
      surface area values can be determined from the approximate value, with help of
      tabulated percentages and by interpolation of intermediate values are required.
      Interpolation formulas have been formulated, for that purpose, in addition. In
      the last part an exact formula for the nucleus surface area, if it has the shape
      of a spheroid, has been developed. According to the formula there exists a
      dependence of nucleus volume and axial ratio as the basis of a mixed cyclometric
      function. A further detailed table contains these surface area values, arranged
      in groups of equal axial ratios. In addition two other formulas have been evolved
      for exact computing of the nucleus surface area. For one it is dependent on the
      two diameters and the mixed cyclometric function which is based on the axial
      ratio; for the other it depends on the large diameter, the axial ratio and the
      mixed cyclometric function. Numerical examples have been worked out for all
      representations. For u = n = const, the surface values from terms of an
      arithmetical second-order procession. In case of equal axial ratios a recurrence
      formula can be worked out, according to which the succeeding term can be
      calculated from its predecessor.

PMID- 976700
TI  - [Passive electric studies on the normal and atherosclerotic human aorta at ultra
      low frequencies].
AB  - The passive electrical behaviour of the normal and the atherosclerotic human
      aorta was investigated at very low frequencies between 0.4 and 0.002 Hz. In the
      normal as well as in the pathologically changed vessel wall the upper part of an
      additional dispersion area below the region of alpha-dispersion was found.
      Furthermore all values of the dielectric constant in atheromatous plaques were
      situated above the values of the normal aorta. There is every indication that
      also at very low frequencies the dispersion behaviour of the atheromatous plaques
      is determined by larger structures than in the normal aorta. The further
      extension of the measurements to even lower frequencies and theraby the
      registration of the total dispersion area is limited by the inconstancy of the
      measuring object during a period (about 15 min).

PMID- 976701
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the growth of the myotomes of freshwater teleost,
      Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch (= Channa punctata).
AB  - A positive correlation was found to exist between the growth of the myotomes, in
      thickness, and that of the body length of Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch, a common
      freshwater teleost. The changes in the absolute and the relative growth of the
      myotomes, as observed in this fish, were found to be age-specific. The constancy
      in the mysosomatic indices as also in the ratios of the differential growth rates
      of the myotomes did not seem to permit any divergence from the linear relation
      between the growth of the body and the myotomes.

PMID- 976702
TI  - [The jet-wash-technique (author's transl)].
AB  - For the early detection of the endometrial adenocarcinoma the Gravlee-Jet-wash
      technique was used in 600 cases. The procedure is simple and requires only 2 to 3
      minutes to the gynecologist. An anesthesia is not necessary. In women with
      stenosed os externum and in anxious patients we use an analgesia of the
      paracervix (PCB). The technique allows a cytologic and/or cytohistologic
      investigation. In 600 examined cases we found 37 endometrial adenocarcinomas. We
      obtained a 100 per cent accuracy in the detection of the 37 malignant lesions.
      Our experience up to now with the Jet-wash-technique should stimulate its wider
      use also for outpatients with a high risk for the endometrial adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 976703
TI  - [Results of the conservative management of carcinoma in situ of the uterine
      cervix by conization (author's transl)].
AB  - From 1958 to 1969 conizations for carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix were
      carried out in 683 women. In 523 cases no further therapy was instituted
      immediately. Step serial sections of the conization specimens showed that
      carcinoma in situ was completely removed in 346 (66.2%) of the cases. In 177
      (33.8%) of the cases, the excision of the atypical epithelium was incomplete or
      not with certainty complete, by the conization. Of these patients 43 women were
      older than 45 years. Follow-up examinations after conization with complete
      removal of all atypical epithelium showed that only one case showed again a
      pathological epithelium. In this case, hysterectomy for an adnexal tumor four
      years after conization showed a mild dysplasia of the endocervix. Follow-up
      examination of the cases with incomplete or possibly incomplete conization showed
      no further pathological finding in 90% of the cases. In 19 (10.7%) of the women,
      atypical epithelium reappeared after varying lengths of follow-up. In 4 women,
      invasive carcinoma had developed and in 2 women, microinvasive carcinoma had
      developed. Following operative treatment, further follow-up examinations in these
      patients were negative. Conization of the uterine cervix with complete removal of
      all atypical epithelium is shown to be adequate treatment for carcinoma in situ.
      In cases with incomplete or not with certainty complete removal of atypical
      tissue by conization, individual follow-up is necessary. If further pregnancies
      are desired the small risk of observation is justifiable. Diagnosed persistence
      of atypical epithelium is an indication for a hysterectomy. Hysterectomies are
      also necessary if the patient does not comply adequately with the follow-up
      protocol.

PMID- 976704
TI  - [Adequate treatment of micro-invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's
      transl)].
AB  - At the University Department in Heidelberg 58 micro-invasive carcinomas of the
      uterine cervix were found between 1965 and 1974. 8 cases were diagnosed in other
      institutions by directed biopsies. Three cases were detected during the
      microscopic examination of uteri removed for emergency indications and three
      cases were detected after hysterectomy for cytological findings indicative of
      carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. In 44 cases an optimal conization of the
      cervix was carried out. Microscopic examination of these cases showed early
      stromal invasion in 33 cases. In 6 cases a newtork infiltration was found und in
      5 cases a plump infiltration was found. The incidence of radical Wertheim
      operations of 21 in this group is explained by cases in this group who had
      inadequate diagnosis prior to admission. In 8 cases the indication for the
      Wertheim radical hysterectomy was a carcinomatous lymphangiosis in the conization
      specimen. In none of these cases metastatic tumor was found in the lymph nodes
      although 13 to 44 lymph nodes were examined per case. In accordance with the
      newer literature it is recommended to limit treatment of micro-invasive changes
      of the uterine cervix to routine hysterectomy or to optimal conization of the
      cervix if certain prerequisites are met. The results of the follow-up
      examinations of the reported cases appear to justify this recommendation.

PMID- 976705
TI  - [The low dosis gestagen therapy (author's transl)].
AB  - In young women aged 22-34 years the hormone profile under continuous therapy with
      0.5 mg lynestrenol/day have been investigated. Estradiol, progesterone and FSH
      values have been determined in plasma by the RIA or protein-binding method,
      whereas LH excretion was daily measured in the urine starting on the 5th day of
      cycle. The low-dose-gestagen therapy shows all possible hormonal patterns ranging
      from the ovulatory to anovulatory one. The estradiol-17 B values in half of the
      patients were higher than in the cycle preceding treatment. In the first few
      treatment cycles all women showed markedly decreased progesterone values.
      However, this defect seems to recover and return to normal in later cycles. In
      order to be able to further explain the alterations occurring during the luteal
      phase under the treatment with 0.5 mg/day of lynestrenol, ovarian tissues wedge
      resection of women undergoing gynecological surgery has been examined
      macroscopically and microscopically. At the same time the hormonal profile has
      been determined in plasma. These investigations revealed that the morphological
      alterations in the ovary proceed in an unchanged way under the mentioned
      treatment. Histologically it could be demonstrated that ovulation is delayed by
      several days. The histological findings of tubal tissue (from patients who
      underwent sterilization) showed that the secretional activity of the tubal
      epithelium is considerably decreased and ciliogenesis increased. In our clinical
      study neither tablet nor patient failures occurred. With the exception of cycle-
      and tempo-disturbances no severe adverse reactions were reported. Breakthrough
      bleedings and spotting as well as amenorrhea in most cases manifested already in
      the first treatment cycles. It is important that the daily tablet is taken at
      midday because the maximum effect on the cervical mucus of the mini-pill therapy
      is most pronounced 4-6 hours after tablet intake. Especially in young patients it
      is recommended to get written reports on tablet intake. The strict following of
      these directions mainly guarantees a successful mini-pill therapy.

PMID- 976706
TI  - [The optimal caesarean section rate in breech deliveries (author's transl)].
AB  - A critical review of 535 breech deliveries over 15 years is presented and
      compared to the present trend to deliver all primigravida breech presentations by
      Caesarean Section. Management of the labour and delivery in view of a vaginal
      delivery was started in 84% of the cases. The Caesarean Section rate was 16%. The
      prenatal mortality compared well to that reported in the literature. The
      relatively high total morbidity of 3.2% showed the increased risk for the infant
      of the primigravida (1.9%) and of the multigravida (1.7%). 1.5% of the infants
      were transferred to the pediatric department because of birth trauma. All
      children with birth trauma were delivered prior to the increase of the Caesarean
      Section rate from 9.2% to 21.2%. Since 1969 the fetal morbidity was 0% for breech
      deliveries.

PMID- 976707
TI  - [Sexual education and contentment with the feminine sexual role (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The correlation of sexual education during childhood and the later contentment
      with the feminine sexual role was quantitively tested for its statistical
      significance. The data were collected for 386 women with a questionnaire and
      psychometric testing. Contentment with the feminine sexual role showed
      correlations to the age of the first sexual education (p smaller than 0.01), to
      the quality of the sexual education (p smaller than 0.05) and to the experience
      of the individual sexuality during adolescence (p smaller than 0.05). The earlier
      and the more positive the sex education the higher was the contentment with the
      own sexual role. Women who were most content with their presently experienced
      sexuality were also most content with their social role (p smaller than 0.01). Of
      importance in the discussion of the results were relationships between the
      contentment with the sexual role and the age (p smaller than 0.05), neurotic
      personality traits (p smaller than 0.01), obesity (p smaller than 0.01),
      psychosomatic complaints (p smaller than 0.05) and the present state of health (p
      smaller than 0.001). These results are of practical importance for sexual
      councelling in gynaecology.

PMID- 976708
TI  - [Rokitansky-Kustner syndrome (absent vagina, rudimentary uterus) associated with
      renal aplasia, phokomelia and Klippel-Feil anomaly (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of multiple malformations, absent vagina, rudimentary uterus (Rokitansky
      Kustner syndrome), renal aplasia, fusion of the cervical vertebral bones (Klippel
      Feil anomaly) and phokomelia is presented. Association of absent vagina and
      Klippel-Feil anomaly is variously reported, however in this case these anomalies
      are associated with phokomelia. Etiology of these malformations is discussed with
      the view to similarity to the Thalidomide syndrome.

PMID- 976709
TI  - [Histological changes in the ligated vasa ovarica (author's transl)].
AB  - During gynecological operations 45 ligamenta infundibulopelvica were resected
      after 5 to 45 minutes. The intravascular changes of the ligated vasa ovarica were
      examinated. The histological examinations of the stumps showed, that the organism
      protects itself by formation of obstruction thrombi against a hemorrhage. The
      blood coagulation processes are local limited and the endothelial damages are
      causal important for the obstruction and obliteration.

PMID- 976710
TI  - [Circular stamp as an instrument in reduction mammoplasty].

PMID- 976711
TI  - [Premature infant with traumatic loss of the left arm and shoulder caused by an
      ineffective interruption of pregnancy (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of a premature infant with traumatic loss of the left arm and shoulder is
      reported. The trauma was caused by an ineffective interruption of pregnancy.

PMID- 976712
TI  - [The vaginal transverse low segment hysterotomy for second trimester therapeutic
      abortion (author's transl)].
AB  - A series of 100 therapeutic abortions by vaginal hysterotomy is reported. This
      method of vaginal hysterotomy with a transverse low segment incision just above
      the internal os of the cervix was first described by Fuchs in 1939. The important
      advantage of this method is complete avoidance of the uterine cervix. With this
      method a therapeutic abortion after the tenth week of gestation and in a few
      cases, up to the 20th week of gestation can be accomplished by a fast one stage
      technique with few side effects. The method is considered to be superior to the
      injection methods and the two stage procedures. With skill in vaginal operative
      techniques, this method can be used in any gynaecological department as a routine
      method. In this series, 28 cases had concomitant tubal ligations. There were two
      subsequent pregnancies. Complications were one uterine perforation during the
      curettage requiring laparotomy and suture. There was one laceration of the trigon
      of the bladder requiring suture. There were 2 cases of hemorrhage. There were 6
      inflammatory reactions in the perimetria of which two required administration of
      antibiotics. There was superficial thrombophlebitis in one case. And there was a
      severe coagulation defect in one case of a missed abortion at 5 months gestation.

PMID- 976713
TI  - [Methods of artificial termination of pregnancy with special consideration of the
      use of prostaglandin (author's transl)].
AB  - For termination of a pregnancy up until the 12th week, the method of choice is
      suction curettage. The dilation of the cervical canal is made easier and
      sometimes the embryo is aborted if a viscid preparation containing Prostaglandin
      F 22 is injected intracervically 12 hours prior to the scheduled procedure. For
      termination of pregnancy after the 14th week, prostaglandin is superior to all
      other methods. It can be used intraamnially, extra-amnially or intravenously. Not
      enough information and experience is available in Europe regarding the
      intravaginal application.

PMID- 976714
TI  - [Psychosocial problems of young patients with aplasia vaginae (author's transl)].
AB  - 10 patients with aplasia vaginae et uteri (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-syndrome) were
      interviewed by 2 psychologically trained persons. Vaginoplasty had already been
      performed in 8 patients. For these patients, the time between their first
      consultation of a doctor and vaginoplasty had been rather difficult. During this
      time, they had the strong feeling of being different from other girls. This
      feeling was favoured by the lack of information about the kind of their anomaly
      and the operation. The preoperative well informed patients possibly tolerated the
      painful application of vaginal prosthesis better than others. All patients with
      aplasia vaginae et uteri had many questions concerning their exspected sexual
      relations. Their knowledge on sexual function was very poor. We think, that
      cooperation between gynecologist and psychologist or psychiatrist is necessary
      for good results in treatment of patients with the Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster
      syndrome.

PMID- 976715
TI  - [Prostaglandin-F-levels in human plasma during late pregnancy and labour
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The concentrations of prostaglandin F-equivalents were measured in peripheral
      plasma during labour at a cervical dilatation of 5 cm and at complete dilatation.
      After purification, extraction and chromatography the PGF-equivalents were
      measured radioimmunologically. The intraassay variation was 1.5%, the interassay
      variation 3.5%. The specificity for PGF was 96-98%. Logit/log transformation of
      the standardcurve yielded a sensitivity of the assay of 120 pg. At cervical
      dilatation of 5 cm PGF-equivalents varied between 1300 and 3200 pg/ml plasma. At
      complete dilatation values changed between 1200 and 5400 pg/ml. These
      fluctuations correlate timedepending to the uterine contractions recorded and may
      be interpreted as a result of uterine PGF-release.

PMID- 976716
TI  - [Does the site of the placenta in the area of the caudal section of the uterus
      change during pregnancy? An echographic observation of the course of pregnancy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Via examinations by ultrasonic sectional view during the course of pregnancy, the
      growth of the placenta was followed in 52 pregnant women. When a pathologic
      location of the placenta could be excluded during the first examination in the
      second trimester (26 cases), secondary development of a pathologic insertion was
      not observed. In 26 cases in which a pathological location of the placenta could
      be established before the 20th gestation week, a cranial shift in the caudal
      placenta border of up to 8 cm could be established in 19 cases. A pathological
      location of the placenta diagnosed in the second trimester can disappear. The
      shape of the uterus and the alterations in the spacial relationship between
      placenta and internal os uteri were caused by the development and stretching of
      the lower segment of the uterus. The vaginal hemorrhages in the second trimester
      caused by a low placental insertion (13 cases) stopped (with the exception of 2
      cases) at the latest after the 6th month of pregnancy. The definitive
      establishment of a placenta pravia before the 5th-6th month of pregnancy is
      virtually impossible sonographically.

PMID- 976717
TI  - [Influence of lumbar peridural anaesthesia on fetal heart rate patterns in the
      second stage of labour (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of lumbar peridural anaesthesia (PA) on fetal heart rate patterns
      in the second stage of labour was studied in 218 vaginal deliveries without
      maternal and fetal risk. A CTG-Score as proposed by Hammacher was used to
      evaluate fetal heart rate patterns. No influence of PA on fetal heart rate in the
      second stage of labour was found with primiparae, whereas multiparae showed more
      normal patterns under PA than without PA. All patients were strictly kept in
      lateral position throughout the first and second stage of labour. The pushing
      period in lateral position was limited to 30 minutes (pushing 3-times per 10
      minutes).

PMID- 976718
TI  - [Physical and physiological principles of CO2 hysteroscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - Various possibilities of developing the uterine cavity for hysteroscopy were
      presented together with their advantages and disadvantages. The authors consider
      CO2 gas insufflation to be the method of choice. The physical, physiological and
      technical principles and data of the procedure were discussed. The construction
      and function of the Hysteroflators 1000 S, a special gas insufflation apparatus
      for hysteroscopy were also discussed.

PMID- 976719
TI  - [Patterns of sexual behavior. A study on gynecological patients (author's
      transl)].
AB  - With a standard questionnaire 7356 lying-in patients at the Department of
      Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Erlangen-Nurnberg, were asked about their
      social background and their sexual habits. First of all some statistical facts
      concerning the frequency of distribution: 20% of all women questioned had their
      first cohabitation before the age of seventeen. 53% had sexual intercourse with
      one man, 23% with two, the remainder with more than two men. Quite a number of
      social characteristics influenced the sexual behavior of women. Thus it was shown
      that women have their first cohabitation before the age of eighteen the sooner
      the lower their social status is and the more partners they had. Insufficient
      contraceptive precautions or the neglect of any contraception were mainly met
      with women of lower social status. The same correlation could be found between
      contraceptive behavior on the one hand and the parameters education and strong
      religious commitment on the other hand. In rural aereas contraceptive measures
      were used insufficiently or less often then in urban communities.

PMID- 976720
TI  - [Studies on the birth-weight and the size of the new-born child with reference to
      the parity of the mother (author's transl)].
AB  - The relation between the parity of the mother and the birth-weight as well as the
      size of the new-born child, taking into account the sex, were examined as
      follows: From the patients needing obstretical care during the period of 1966 to
      1971 those 3441 women were chosen who had born twice or more times during this
      time. By means of an electronic data processing system the weight and size
      differences of the children were correlated with the parity of the mother taking
      again into account the order of male and female births. Births with uncertain
      gestational age, non-cephalic presentations, and premature births were excluded
      (WHO definition or gestational age less than or equal to 266 days counted from
      last menstruation). 1. The average birth-weight increases by 105 g from the first
      to the second child, by 39 g from the second to the third, and by 12 g from the
      third to the fourth child. Obviously, there is no linear link between the
      increase of the birth-weight and the increasing parity. The major weight-increase
      is to be observed from the first to the second child. 2. A corresponding
      statement concerning the size of the new-born children cannot be made which is
      partly due to the relative inaccuracy of the method applied. 3. On the average
      boys weigh between 130 g to 150 g more than girls according to the parity.

PMID- 976721
TI  - [A study about 3rd degree perinatal rupture (author's transl)].
AB  - 29 cases of 3rd degree perineal rupture occured from 1962 to 1975 at the
      Stadtische Frauenklinik and Hebammenlehranstalt Braunschweig and have been
      analysed retrospectively. Most of these were observed in the last five years. The
      increase is undoubtlessly related to the shorter expulsion peried by ocytocin
      infusion. Investigations for avoidable courses and how to reduce them to a
      minimum were made in this analysis. Not at least this study was motivated by the
      lack of informations about obstetrical complications and the eventual
      consequences in literature. The only prophylaxis is the adequate support of the
      perineum and the sufficient episiotomy at the right moment. According to the
      operative and post operative treatment mentioned there could be achieved a good
      functional result in all cases. The stationary treatment has been reduced by
      these measures from 19,0 to 10,5 days.

PMID- 976722
TI  - [The problem of Caesarean section (author's transl)].
AB  - The Caesarean sections at the Universitats-Frauenklinik Innsbruck from January
      1st, 1969 to December 31st, 1974 have been surveyed. Related to the total number
      of 12 579 deliveries 627 Caesarean sections have been performed. Two 3-year
      intervals have been compared: 1969-1971 (group I) without and 1972-1974 (group
      II) with modern practices of prenatal supervision. There was a high significant
      increase of the section rate in group II (5,8% versus 4,1% which has been related
      to the increasing number of mainly fetal indications. The maternal morbidity
      didn't rise with the increasing section rate. A significant decrease in total
      infant mortality rate and mortality rate at vaginal deliveries has been found
      with the increasing incidence of Caesarean sections; whereas the number of
      depressed infants (Apgar score less than 7) was increased in group II. The
      reasons therefore have been discussed. The rise of the number of Caesarean
      sections in group II performed because of breech presentation (14,2% versus 6,2%)
      was correspondent with a statistically significant decrease in the mortality rate
      from 11,7 to 4,1%. A Caesarean section rate between 7% and 10% seems to be the
      limit at least in our hospital--the total infant mortality rate cannot be reduced
      by further increasing the section frequency: the infant mortality rate possibly
      could be lowered by a better and more wide spread prenatal care especially by
      taking more care for prematurity and by intensifying the perinatal period.

PMID- 976723
TI  - [Comparison of labour induction with intravenous prostaglandin E2 and intravenous
      oxytocin (author's transl)].
AB  - Based on our results we are able to attribute to the PGE2 a special importance
      during the beginning of cervical dilatation. A cervical dilatation up to 3 cm is
      faster achieved by cervical relaxation effect and a direct effect on myometrial
      tissue independant from exterior parameters. The earlier the cervix has reached
      such a dilatation, the earlier regular contractions are registered at inductions
      with PGE2. These contractions are furthermore more effective and led to a shorter
      induction delivery interval under a minimal physiologic stress. This procedure is
      combined to a lower intrauterine pressure and shows no negative sideeffects on
      child and mother.

PMID- 976724
TI  - [Investigations on the occurrence of mycoplasma in the amniotic fluid (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In order to elucidate the pathogenetic importance of mycoplasma in amnionitis and
      in infectious syndrome of the amnion, the amniotic fluid of 185 healthy pregnant
      women was investigated for mycoplasma, bacteria and fungi. In no case mycoplasma
      were detected. This means that amniotic fluid is normally free of mycoplasma. If
      mycoplasma occurs in the amniotic fluid it has to be considered as a possible
      cause of amnionitis and infectious syndrome of the amnion.

PMID- 976725
TI  - [Seasonal variations in the birth rate and conception rate within the last 200
      years (author's transl)].
AB  - The monthly variations and the mean daily conception rates of 136,828 deliveries
      from 1803 to 1970 within the same population area are reviewed. It was found that
      the conception rate during the first half of the 19th century showed a rapid
      increase from its low during the winter to its maximum in May and that this
      pattern became much less pronounced in the 20th century. During the second half
      of the 20th century, the highest conception rate shifted for the first time to
      the summer and the third quarter of the year. In contradistinction to this
      development, the low of the conception rate during the winter from January to
      March is much less pronounced during the first half of the 20th Century and
      remains constant with the lowest conception rate in February into the second half
      of the 20th century. The importance of the influence of nature during the spring
      and winter and of the working and living patterns as well as the influence of
      family planning and recreational activities on the intensity of procreation in
      the human within the last 200 years is discussed.

PMID- 976726
TI  - [A modification of the bladder flap of Boari for the management of defects of the
      distal ureter (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of the management of defects of the distal ureter of various causes
      with a bladder flap of Boari including the anti-reflux implantation of the ureter
      in 65 patients are reported. 50 patients had prior gynaecological operations. The
      other 15 patients had prior urological operation, inflammations (tuberculosis),
      tumors or anomalies of the ureter. The follow-up time ranges from a few weeks to
      five years and 80-90% of the patients were cured. 24 of these patients had prior
      malignant tumors.

PMID- 976727
TI  - [Notes on the article by W. Spann: "Special Problems of Sterilization for Social
      Indication and Sterilization as Favor"].

PMID- 976728
TI  - H1- and H2-receptors for histamine in the ileum of the guinea pig.
AB  - Clark's equation used in its inverted form (double reciprocal plots) was shown to
      be valid regarding the interaction of histamine with its receptors in the guinea
      pig ileum. Burimamide, a typical H2-receptor antagonist potentiated the
      stimulating effect of small concentrations of histamine (10(-6) M) on the
      intestinal smooth muscle, probably, by blocking H2-receptors which may show the
      opposite effect. The calculated parameters of affinity (pKn) remained constant
      under different conditions. A linear correlation between length of the
      preparation and maximal contractions has been found.

PMID- 976729
TI  - Supersensitivity induced by the toxin of Brazilian scorpion venom (Tityus
      serrulatus Lutz e Mello).
AB  - The purified toxin of the Brazilian scorpion venom (TsTX) enhances the
      pharmacological actions of directly and indirectly acting substances on several
      preparations. The enhancing action of TsTX is more pronounced for the indirectly
      acting drugs, which is highly suggestive of a prejunctional site of action.
      Secondarily, TsTX does also produce an unspecific increase of sensitivity at the
      level of the pharmacological receptor itself. The mechanism by which these
      changes are brought about remains to be determined.

PMID- 976730
TI  - Cholinergic and adrenergic effects of tityustoxin.
AB  - The effects of purified scorpion toxin (Tityustoxin or TsTX) were investigated on
      the isolated guinea-pig and rat ileum, rat spleen strip and hen rectal caecum.
      The contraction of the ileum was due only in part to the release of
      acetylcholine, whereas the contraction of the spleen strip and the relaxation of
      the rectal caecum were due to the release of catecholamines.

PMID- 976731
TI  - Potentiation of bradykinin action on smooth muscle by a scorpion venom extract.
AB  - Gel filtration of the water extract of the venom of the scorpion T. serrulatus
      showed four peaks; the first peak (P1) is devoid of toxic activity but increases
      the bradykinin-induced contraction of isolated rat uterus and guinea-pig ileum.
      The stepwise fractionation of the pooled P1 peak was performed in a DEAE
      cellulose column and the bradykinin potentiating activity was found in the second
      protein peak. Finger-printing of this material showed that the bradykinin
      potentiating material migrates to the anode, giving two spots when submitted to
      chromatography, the activity being found in the spot that presents the greatest
      Rf. The potentiator is destroyed by heating at 97 degrees C, is not dialysable
      and is destroyed by incubation with pronase. Some of these properties
      differentiate it from the BPF's from snake venoms.

PMID- 976732
TI  - Calcium and the muscarinic receptor.
AB  - Pharmacological receptors may be viewed as composed of two linked functions, a
      recognition site through which the specificity and selectivity of ligand action
      is expressed and an amplification or catalytic site which translates the ligand
      recognition site interaction into response. The successful elucidation of
      receptor mechanisms requires analysis of both sites. The muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors of guinea-pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle will be discussed from
      this two function stand point and the source and utilization of Ca2+ in
      excitation-contraction coupling discussed.

PMID- 976733
TI  - Origins of the spontaneous receptor potential in the tuberous organ in a mormyrid
      fish.
AB  - In an electroreceptor of a Mormyrid fish: 1. The correlations between the number
      of sensory cells in each receptor organ and the mode of the intervals of time
      between receptor potentials are not significant within the temperature ranges of
      20.0-26.0 degrees C, 20.5-21.5 degrees C, 22.0-23.0 degrees C and are significant
      at a level of 4.9% within 25.0-26.0 degrees C. 2. The correlations between the
      mode of intervals of time between receptor potentials and temperature are
      significant at a level inferior to 1% for isolated receptor organs and also at a
      level of 5.8% for 21 different receptor organs from 9 different fishes.

PMID- 976734
TI  - The role of central muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the regulation of
      sodium and potassium renal excretion.
AB  - The effect of intraseptal injection of carbachol and nicotine on urinary output
      of Na+ and K+ in untreated rats as well as in animals pretreated with locally
      injected atropine, hexamethonium, dibenamine and propranolol was studied in order
      to evaluate the relative role played by central muscarinic and nicotinic
      receptors in the regulation of salt and water renal excretion. The injection of
      30-250 nmol of nicotine into the medial septal area caused a dose-dependent
      increase in Na+ and K+ urinary output whereas urine volume was little affected.
      The effect of 30 nmol of nicotine was blocked by pretreatment with 100 nmol of
      hexamethonium. In addition, pretreatment with 5 nmol of either hexamethonium or
      atropine partially antagonized the natriuretic and kaliuretic effect of 1 nmol of
      carbachol. Also the alpha-blocking agent, dibenamine (150 nmol) antagonized,
      while the beta-blocker, propranolol (100 nmol) significantly enhanced the effect
      of carbachol. Propranolol (100 nmol) alone caused a small, but significant
      increase in Na+ and K+ renal excretion. These results indicate that stimulation
      of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the septal area, as caused by
      carbachol, elicits increased disposition of Na+ and K+ by the kidneys. Also, part
      of the effects of carbachol appear to be mediated by the release of endogenous
      catecholamines, acting on central alpha receptors to increase Na+ and K+ urinary
      excretion. On the other hand, simultaneous activation of beta-receptors by the
      released amines would partially inhibit this effect.

PMID- 976735
TI  - Guanidines as analogs of histamine and antihistamines on the isolated guinea-pig
      ileum.
AB  - The present work describes the interaction of phenylguanidine and
      cyclohexylguanidine with receptor structures of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. It
      is suggested that phenylguanidine in the range of 0.2-2 mM, acts in a way similar
      to histamine. At lower concentrations in the bath, phenylguanidine and
      cyclohexylguanidine, behave as competitive antagonists of histamine, with Ki
      values close to 0.1 mM and 0.4 mM, respectively. At higher concentrations
      phenylguanidine acts as agonist with a Kn near 0.3 mM; the Kn for histamine was
      found to be 0.127 muM, in agreement with previous data from the literature. The
      agonistic action of phenylguanidine is inhibited by promethazine and atropine,
      which have Ki values of 0.342 muM and 0.575 muM, respectively.
      Cyclohexylguanidine is devoid of spasmogenic activity, and this was attributed to
      the lack of aromatic character and to the bulkiness of the cyclohexyl side chain.

PMID- 976736
TI  - Rabbit brain thiol-activated endopeptidase. Hydrolysis of bradykinin and
      kininogen.
AB  - A neutral brain endopeptidase which hydrolyzes bradykinin (Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4
      Phe5-Ser6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9) at the Phe5-Ser6 peptide bond was activated about 10
      times by dithiothreitol. The preferential specificity of the enzyme for small
      peptides was suggested on the basis of the absence of activity toward a
      bradykinin-related protein such as S-carboxymethylated plasma kininogen.

PMID- 976737
TI  - Pharmacological ways to study pharmacological receptors.

PMID- 976738
TI  - Localization of acetylcholinesterase in a crustacean neuromuscular system.
AB  - 1. The localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was studied by light and
      electron microscopy (LM and EM) at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of the
      abdominal superficial flexor muscle (SFM) and the claw adductor muscle (CAM) of
      the crayfish in view of reported pharmacological evidence of cholinergic
      transmission at the former but not at the latter site. 2. Survey of LM with the
      copper-thiocholine method disclosed staining for AChE, but not for
      butyrocholinesterase (BuChE), at numerous NMJs of the SFM; neither enzyme was
      detected at any NMJs of the CAM. 3. With the bis-(thioacetoxy) aurate (I) method,
      EM examination showed AChE-staining at NMJs of the SFM to be confined to the
      postjunctional membrane. 4. The published and present findings suggest a unique
      situation of more than one excitatory transmitter for the skeletal neuromuscular
      system in the crustacean studied.

PMID- 976739
TI  - Role of spleen in the interferon-lowering action of morphine.
AB  - 1. Polyinosinie-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) administered intraperitioneally to
      mice produced an increase in the level of interferon in the tissues of the
      spleen, liver, lung, and kidney. The level of circulating serum interferon also
      was increased by the polynucleotide. 2. The highest titer of interferon,
      presumably resulting from the greatest response to poly I:C was measured in the
      splenic tissue. 3. Morphine inhibited the poly I:C induced increase in all
      tissues and circulating serum. The decrease in interferon titer was similar in
      spleen and serum. 4. These results may indicate the serum level of interferon was
      more closely related and dependent upon events occuring in the spleen than in the
      other tissues.

PMID- 976740
TI  - Centrally-acting drugs and the formation of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid.
AB  - 1. The effects of a number of centrally-acting compoinds were tested on the
      levels of GABA and glutamate and on the formation of GABA from glutamate in rat
      brain. 2. Pargyline and desipramine increased the brain concentration of GABA but
      were without effect on GABA production. 3. Imidazoleacetic acid increased GABA
      levels, decreased glutamate levels but did not alter GABA production, whereas
      gamma-hydroxybutyric acid had an effect only on GABA formation. 4. Isonicotinc
      acid hydrazine caused a marked decrease in the formation of GABA from glutamate.
      5. Chlorpromazine, diphenylhydantoin, bicucculine, and L-DOPA had no effect on
      any of the biochemical parameters measured. 6. The central effects of these drugs
      are discussed in relation to the above findings.

PMID- 976741
TI  - Hepatic and duodenal drug metabolism in the rat during fat deficiency.
AB  - 1. The effect of dietary fat deficiency on the composition of hepatic microsomes
      and postmitochondrial supernatant fraction of duodenal mucosa and on the
      activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes was studied in the rat. 2. There were
      only little changes in the measured protein, cholesterol and phospholipid
      fractions in the liver microsomes. In the postmitochondrial supernatant fraction
      of the duodenal mucosa, however, protein content was increased during fat
      deficiency. 3. In the fatty acid composition of hepatic microsomal phospholipids
      marked differences took place during fat deficiency. The amount of palmitoleic
      and eicosatrienoic acids increased from undetectable level to the amount of 6.9
      and 9.5%. Also the amount of oleic acid was almost doubled and the content of
      linoleic and arachidonic acid was markedly decreased. 4. Fat deficiency was found
      to affect the drug metabolism both in the liver and small intestine. Only minor
      changes took place in the measured hydroxylative enzyme activities but the
      activity of UDPglucuronosyltransferase was highly depressed during fat deficiency
      both in the liver microsomes and in the postmitochondrial supernatant of duodenal
      mucosa. The changes in the UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity are concluded to
      be mediated via changes in the lipoidal environment of the enzyme in the
      membranes.

PMID- 976742
TI  - The effect of oxygen on the enzymes concerned in the metabolism of 5
      hydroxytryptamine by rat brain and liver preparations.
AB  - 1. The effect of oxygen concentration at 1 atm on rat enzyme systems concerned in
      the synthesis and degradation of 5-hydroxytryptamine was studied in vitro. 2.
      Oxygen activated tryptophan hydroxylase and the deamination of both 5
      hydroxytryptamine and tyramine by monoamine oxidase. 3. Oxygen did not affect the
      activities of 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase or peroxidase.

PMID- 976743
TI  - In vitro metabolism of aniline by sheep intestine.
AB  - 1. The major metabolite after incubating aniline with sheep intestine was
      acetanilide. 2. Other metabolites detected in smaller amounts were 2-aminophenol,
      4-aminophenol, 2-acetamidophenol and 4-acetamidophenol. 3. The rumen, abomasum
      duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were all able to acetylate aniline. 4. 4
      Aminophenol, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 4-anisidine and 4-nitroaniline were also
      acetylated.

PMID- 976744
TI  - A comparison of the effect of propylthiouracil on the respiration of thyroid
      slices from humans, chickens and rats.
AB  - 1. The QO2 of thyroid slices from hyperthyroid patients treated with
      propylthiouracil (PTU) was 140% that of slices from euthyroid patients. Similar
      results were obtained using thyroid slices from PTU fed and control chickens. 2.
      PTU feeding caused thyroid hyperplasia, increased QO2 more than could be
      accounted for by the hyperplasia but neither increased QO2 of muscle, cerebral
      cortex or spleen nor altered serum T4 levels. 3. PTU in drinking water increased
      the size and vascularity of thyroids from control but not hypophysectomized rats
      and had no effect on QO2. 4. The observations made on human, chicken and rat
      thryoid apparently reflect the effects of TSH rather than a direct action of PTU.

PMID- 976745
TI  - The role of proteolipids in the accumulation of chlorpromazine in subfractions of
      rat brain.

PMID- 976746
TI  - Accumulation of chlorpromazine by rat brain homogenates.

PMID- 976747
TI  - Action of some neurotropic drugs and Cu2+ cations on mitochondrial membrane
      permeability.

PMID- 976748
TI  - Comparative kinetics and inhibition of swine and sheep liver microsomal enzymes.

PMID- 976749
TI  - Body build and behavior in emotionally disturbed Dutch children.
AB  - Some physique-behavior relations were determined in 75 boys and 51 girls, aged 6
      to 14, in a residential treatment center in Holland. Each child's behavior was
      rated by four group workers on a checklist yielding eight summary scores.
      Physique was judged from nude photographs for manifest endomorphy, mesomorphy,
      and ectomorphy. While a number of moderate-sized relations appeared in zero-order
      and multiple correlations, canonical analysis showed two significant, independent
      sets of relations between physique and behavior in the boys, one in the girls.
      Among the boys, one set related mesomorphy and energy level, the other related
      primarily ectomorphy with unsocialness, excitability, and cooperativeness. Among
      the girls, these same behaviors were compressed in a single set, primarily
      relating energy level but also unsocialness, excitability, and cooperativeness
      positively with mesomorphy and negatively with endomorphy and ectomorphy.
      Compared with findings on the same instrument in a sample of normal American
      preschoolers, many individual associations were similar, despite differences in
      culture and language, age, intelligence, social status, adjustment, and
      residential setting of the S's.

PMID- 976750
TI  - [2 genetic systems of serum amylase in the Kholmogor breed of cattle].
AB  - All the genetic types of amylase I (AmI) and amylase II (AmII) known for the
      species Bos taurus are encountered in the Kholmogorskaya breed of cattle. Besides
      the two alleles, AmIB and AmIC found in all the other European breeds of cattle
      the locus in the Kholmogorskaya breed also includes a rare allele AmI-A hitherto
      considered to be characteristic only of zebu-like cattle. The frequencies of the
      alleles AmI-A, AmI-B and AmI-C in the Kholmogorskaya breed proved to be 0.014,
      0.392 and 0.594 respectively (n = 1098). Of the two co-dominant alleles, AmII-A
      and AmII-B controlling the synthesis of the isozymes of the second amylase system
      the first is rare, occurring with the frequency of 0.131 (n = 245). The earlier
      assumption of Mazumder and Spooner, that there is no linkage between the genes of
      the loci AmI and AmII is corroborated. The breeds assigned to the Bos taurus
      brachyceros type have a lower frequencies of the AmI-C allele as compared to
      other breeds the origin of which is associated with the subspecies B. t.
      primigenius.

PMID- 976751
TI  - Making sense of cerebral dominance and syndromes of the nondominant hemisphere.
AB  - Knowing the special function of each half of the brain is important to the
      clinician. If he doesn't understand what damage to the nondominant hemisphere can
      do, he may mistake the resulting syndrome for a psychiatric illness or
      generalized dementia, and the patient won't get proper treatment and counseling.
      The tendency is to think of dominance in terms of language, but other functions
      are asymmetrically located even though their input and output are bilateral.
      Generally, lesions in the left hemisphere cause problems with language and those
      in the right disrupt visual and spatial skills, attention, and emotional
      behavior. By far the most common syndrome in right hemisphere lesions is neglect
      of the left side. A patient may show lack of concern about his illness or he may
      deny that he is sick or even that the left side of his body belongs to him.
      Patients with left hemisphere lesions may neglect the right side but rarely to
      this extreme.

PMID- 976753
TI  - Congress considers increased job opportunities for middle-aged and older workers.

PMID- 976752
TI  - Organizations for seniors--what they stand for, what they offer.

PMID- 976755
TI  - Council on the aging: watchdog for needs and rights of older Americans.

PMID- 976754
TI  - Is diabetes a form of accelerated aging?

PMID- 976756
TI  - Significance of arrhythmias in acute respiratory failure.
AB  - Arrhythmias are as likely to strike patients with acute respiratory failure as
      patients with acute myocardial infarction. Both supraventricular and ventricular
      types were detected in half or more of the patients in two recent studies.
      Ventricular arrhythmias have a particularly bleak prognosis, since they often
      deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. The exact causes of
      these arrhythmias are still a mystery, but metabolic abnormalities associated
      with respiratory failure are highly suspect. These disturbances can disrupt the
      transmembrane action potential of cardiac conducting tissue, causing
      electrophysiologic phenomena known to trigger arrhythmias. Until a specific
      etiology is confirmed, treatment should focus on identifying and correcting
      possible metabolic causes. Congestive heart failure--itself a cause of
      arrhythmias--also should be treated. Cardioversion and antiarrhythmic drugs
      should be used only in life-threatening situations.

PMID- 976757
TI  - Cor pulmonale: pathophysiology and management.
AB  - Pulmonary disease may set in motion a chain of events that ultimately leads to
      hypertrophy--or even failure--of the heart's right ventricle. The most common
      cause is chronic obstructive disease, which deprives the lungs of oxygen and
      produces pulmonary hypertension. But other disorders that raise pulmonary artery
      pressure also may be responsible. The thin right ventricle, which must work
      harder to overcome this increased resistance, ends up resembling the thick left
      ventricle. Comprehensive treatment of the primary lung condition at home usually
      enables the patient with chronic cor pulmonale to be more active and prevents
      frequent hospitalizations. Controlled-dose supplemental oxygen therapy is
      particularly effective, according to recent studies. Bronchospasm or bronchial
      infection super-imposed on the chronic lung condition may prove too much for the
      already strained right ventricle. Right ventricular failure calls for
      hospitalization and vigorous treatment, which may include mechanical ventilation,
      phlebotomy, antibiotics, steroids, digitalis, diuretics, and correction of
      electrolyte disturbances.

PMID- 976758
TI  - [Atmospheric radiation: its determination with the aid of a sorting procedure].

PMID- 976759
TI  - [Indoor and outdoor measurements of carbon monoxide (CO].

PMID- 976760
TI  - [Flotation in combination with ozone treatment for the removal of oil from
      refinery wastes and for the elimination of the dissolved organic substances].

PMID- 976761
TI  - [Study on the distribution of I-131-labelled albumin after its intramniotic
      injections in a patient with a twin pregnancy].

PMID- 976762
TI  - [Dysgerminoma. Report of 4 cases and cytogenetics study].

PMID- 976763
TI  - [Clinical study of the copper intrauterine T contraceptive device].

PMID- 976764
TI  - [The diagnostic problem of endometrial hyperplasia].

PMID- 976765
TI  - A possible mechanism for enhancement of increased production of tumor angiogenic
      factor.
AB  - It is suggested that anoxic conditions may enhance the transformation of tumor
      cells to increase production of tumor angiogenic factor. The theory of oxygen
      diffusion into a spherical mass is used to calculate an upper bound for the
      critical size at which anoxia begins to develop in the center of an avascular
      clone of tumor cells. The predicted size is in line with experimental
      observations of the maximum size of avascular tumors.

PMID- 976766
TI  - Quantification of studies of blood flow in growing and irradiated tumors in C3H
      mice.
AB  - An approach to quantification of blood flow in growing malignant tumors, by
      relating the specific rate of change of flow to the specific rate of change of
      tumor weight or volume, was discussed. This model, previously noted to hold for
      many animal tumors, offers a good description of blood flow in the KHT sarcoma in
      C3H mice. The same tumor responds to radiation therapy, and simple expressions
      were given of the relationship of flow per unit volume, at 2 points in time, to
      the original radiation dose. Since most animal tumors show a nonviable or
      necrotic volume, a description of the phenomenon was given for the C3H/Bi mammary
      carcinoma by noting that the percent of nonviable tissue approaches a limiting
      (asymptomic)value.

PMID- 976767
TI  - Estimation of growth velocities from individual longitudinal data.
AB  - Since the construction of growth velocity curves using the simple increment
      method (i.e., plotting the increments deltaxt vs, time, t) involves a number of
      methodological problems, when mathematical curves are fit, they are generally fit
      to the "distance traveled", plot (of xt vs. t) and the corresponding velocity
      curve is then obtained by differentiation. However, most of the traditional
      methods for accomplishing this (e.g., fitting the Gompertz or logistic curves)
      require that the course of growth be studied over a sufficiently long time period
      to allow accurate determinations of the upper and lower asymptotes of these S
      shaped functions. This is not always feasible in practice: a case in point being
      the mixed-longitudinal Nijmegen Growth Study where each of the cohorts comprising
      the sample is followed for but a five-year period. In such situations,
      alternative approaches to the problem of constructing growth velocity curves may
      be of considerable practical as well as theoretical interest. One such approach
      is developed in this paper and its use is illustrated on some data collected as
      part of the Nijmegen Growth Study. These results are then compared with those
      obtained using the increment method on the same data.

PMID- 976768
TI  - Histological and histochemical investigations of achondroplastic mice: a possible
      model of human achondroplasia.
AB  - Histological and histochemical investigations of tibial epiphyses, costo-chondral
      junctions and caudal vertebrae of achondroplastic (cn) mice have shown that, in
      spite of conspicuous reduction of bone length, endochondrial ossification occurs
      in much the same way as in controls. Moreover, the histological structure of
      seriated cartilage, and the distribution of proteoglycans in resting cartilage
      are the same in cn/cn mice and in controls. The only difference betweeen the two
      types of animals is represented by the occurence of early aging-like changes of
      chondrocytes and cartilage matrix in achondroplastic mice, leading to premature
      shortening of the cell columns and to early reduction of the proteoglycan
      concentration. The premature "aging" of the cartilage, the consequent inhibition
      of the calcification process and bone growth, and the normal rate of perichondral
      ossification give to long bones, vertebrae and ribs a typical achondroplastic
      appearance. The cn/cn mice seem to represent a useful model for studying the
      pathogenesis and therapy of human achondroplasia.

PMID- 976769
TI  - Muscle growth in two genetically different lines of swine.
AB  - Skeletal muscle growth in two genetic lines of pigs that differed in total muscle
      content was studied at live weights of 23, 45, 68, 91, 104, 118 kg. Total
      physically separable muscle and cross-sectional area of the longissimus dorsi
      muscle were greater in the muscular than in the obese genetic lines. Above 45 kg,
      animals in the muscular genetic line had less total separable fat than animals in
      the obese line, but the two lines did not differ in total physically separable
      fat at 23 and 45 kg live weight. Hence, these two genetic lines may differ in
      weight at which maturity is reached as much as in inherent propensity for
      obesity. Longissimus muscle form the muscular line had more water, less protein,
      and less lipid than longissimus from the obese line. DNA and RNA concentration,
      total DNA and RNA content, and RNA/DNA ratio of the pituitary and liver did not
      differ between the two genetic lines. Above 68 kg, longissimus from the muscular
      line had higher DNA and RNA concentrations than longissimus from the obese line;
      this difference did not exist between 23 and 68 kg. RNA/DNA ratio of the
      longissimus muscle was greater and protein-to-DNA and protein-to-RNA ratios in
      longissimus were lower in the muscular than in the obese line. Total DNA content
      of physically separable muscle increased 2.0 (obese) to 2.7 (muscular)-fold
      between 23 and 118 kg; hence, number of muscle nuclei increases during growth.
      Total DNA content of physically separable muscle was greater in the muscular than
      in the obese line and was the measurement most highly related to total muscle
      content.

PMID- 976770
TI  - Effect of growth and plane of nutrition on apparent muscle fiber numbers in the
      pig.
AB  - A histological sampling technique was used to estimate the number of muscle
      fibers appearing in transverse sections of whole sartorius muscles. Transverse
      sections were taken at the midlength of sartorius muscles from pigs growing at a
      rate of approximately 0.7 kg/day. Between 56 and 168 days (postnatal), the
      apparent number of muscle fibers increased at an approximate rate of 300
      fibers/day. No evidence of the formation of new muscle fibers by myoblast fusion
      or muscle fiber fission was detected by light microscopy. Animals placed on a
      maintenance diet which prevented growth for 28-day periods prior to slaughter
      showed a fixation or decrease in apparent numbers of muscle fibers. These data
      support the hypothesis that the arrangement of muscle fibers during growth of the
      porcine sartorius muscle is a dynamic rather than a fixed system.

PMID- 976771
TI  - Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and total bilirubin concentrations, as
      functions of age and sex, in Sinclair(S-1) miniature swine.
AB  - Venous blood samples were collected monthly from 60 male and 60 female Sinclair
      (S-1) miniature swine from 1 through 36 months of age. Serum cholesterol
      concentration decreased from 5 through 36 months of age. Also, gilts had a
      greater mean serum cholesterol concentration than did boars. Mean serum
      triglyceride concentration was greater for females than for males. From 1 through
      15 months of age, serum glucose concentration decreased with no sex related
      difference. From 1 1/2 to 3 years of age, gilts had greater mean serum glucose
      concentrations than did boars. Throughout the longitudinal study, mean serum
      total bilirubin concentrations were similar for females and males, with no age
      related variations.

PMID- 976772
TI  - [Closure of patent ductus arteriosus in auricular fibrillation].

PMID- 976773
TI  - [Postoperative encephalopathies in cardiosurgical patients and measures for their
      prevention].

PMID- 976774
TI  - [Complex studies of the action of intercostal muscles and respiratory
      biomechanics during lung surgery].

PMID- 976775
TI  - [A typical course of mediastinitis].

PMID- 976776
TI  - [Combined operations on vena cava superior, its branches, the lungs and thoracic
      wall].

PMID- 976777
TI  - [Complications of closed mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 976778
TI  - [Treatment of cardiogenic shock by the method of arterial counterpulsation].

PMID- 976779
TI  - [Effect of the degree of compensation of blood loss during heart surgery under
      conditions of artificial circulation].

PMID- 976780
TI  - [Dynamics of aortic pressure in complicated rheumatic heart disease and the
      method of its segmental analysis].

PMID- 976781
TI  - [Prognosis of the results of mitral and multivalvular prosthesis].

PMID- 976782
TI  - [Criteria of the change of acute lung abscess into chronic stage].

PMID- 976783
TI  - [Bacterial contamination of the pleural cavity during lung resection as one of
      the causes of development of postoperative empyema].

PMID- 976784
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of penetrating thoraco-abdominal peace-time wounds].

PMID- 976785
TI  - Lokhvitskii SV.

PMID- 976786
TI  - [Bronchial patency after lung resection in chronic suppurative processes].

PMID- 976787
TI  - [Blood gases after compensation of blood loss after lung resection].

PMID- 976788
TI  - [Rheographic method in the study of gas exchange, lung volume and pulmonary blood
      flow].

PMID- 976790
TI  - [Remote results of the use of polymer materials in esophagoplasty].

PMID- 976789
TI  - [Treatment of cancer of the infrathoracic segment of the esophagus].

PMID- 976791
TI  - [Ruptures of the diaphragm in closed chest injury].

PMID- 976792
TI  - [Pathoanatomical criteria of the common arterial trunk].

PMID- 976793
TI  - [Apparatus for preparation of venous segment for transplantation].

PMID- 976794
TI  - Ascorbic acid deficiency in liver disease.
AB  - Leucocyte ascorbic acid (LAA) levels were measured in 138 patients with liver
      disease. Significantly reduced levels were found in 37 patients with alcoholic
      liver disease (P less than 0-01) and 25 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
      (P less than 0-05). In the primary biliary cirrhosis patients, cholestyramine
      therapy was associated with significantly lower levels of the vitamin (P less
      than 0-05). Liver ascorbic acid measured in Menghini needle biopsies in 20
      patients was significantly correlated with LAA (r=0-807, P less than 0-001). No
      significant correlation was found between LAA and haematological indices,
      conventional liver function tests, or cholesterol levels in any group of
      patients. Patients with LAA levels below 100 nM/10(8) WBC had significantly
      higher antipyrine half-lives (mean=28-3 h) than patients with LAA levels above
      this level (mean=18-6 h) (P less than 0-05). Delayed drug metabolism related to
      low LAA should be considered when drugs metabolised by the liver are prescribed
      for patients with alcoholic liver disease or primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 976795
TI  - Alteration of drug metabolism in Gilbert's syndrome.
AB  - The pathophysiology of Gilbert's syndrome was studied by investigating the
      metabolism of the drug tolbutamide, which is metabolised by the liver but does
      not undergo glucuronidation. Using rat liver cell supernatant, tolbutamide was
      shown to bind to the hepatic cytoplasmic Y protein in a manner similar to other
      organic anions, but not to Z protein. In 31 patients with Gilbert's syndrome the
      plasma disappearance (plasma half-life, mean +/- SD: 628+/-84 min) and metabolic
      clearance (7-9+/-1-8 ml/min) were significantly (P less than 0-0005) altered
      compared with the 13 controls (mean half-life 393+/-26 and mean clearance 13-4+/
      1-5). The eight patients with hyperbilirubinaemia due to haemolytic disease
      showed no difference from the normal control subjects. In three patients with
      Gilbert's syndrome the cumulative urinary excretion of tolbutamide metabolites,
      24 hours after the administration of the drug, was 30% lower than in the
      controls. In the five patients with Gilbert's syndrome, phenobarbital
      administration (100 mg/day) produced a significant increase in clearance of the
      drug from 8-8+/-0-8 to 13-4+/-1-9 ml/min; this was paralleled by a fall in serum
      bilirubin concentration. The plasma half-life of tolbutamide was similar in Gunn
      rats and Wistar rats. The results suggest that the metabolic defect(s) of
      Gilbert's syndrome affects compounds other than bilirubin and that defective
      uptake is probably the major factor.

PMID- 976796
TI  - Marked delay in indocyanine green plasma clearance with a near-normal
      bromosulphophthalein retention test: a constitutional abnormality?
AB  - Five patients showing a normal to near-normal BSP test and a marked delay in ICG
      plasma clearance, and two families with clustering of the same abnormality, are
      described. Two had Gilbert's syndrome, one was convalescing from acute hepatitis,
      and the other two had no detectable liver abnormality. Measured indices of ICG
      metabolism indicated a marked reduction in the hepatic uptake, storage capacity,
      biliary transport maximum, and an increased reflux into plasma. Biochemical
      studies on the binding of ICG by plasma proteins failed to demonstrate any
      difference from normal controls. Thus, the primary defect seems to be in the
      transport of ICG by the hepatocyte. Although the relationship of the defect in
      ICG metabolism to other constitutional hyperbilirubinaemias is not clear, it is
      possible that the defect in these patients is a constitutional one involving some
      steps in the hepatic disposal of organic anions.

PMID- 976797
TI  - Disappearance half-time of endogenous and exogenous secretin in dogs.
AB  - We have used a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay to measurespectively. the
      disappearance half-times of exogenous porcine secretin and endogenous canine
      secretin in the dog and found them to be 2-45 and 2-85 minutes, respectively.

PMID- 976798
TI  - Evaluation of the intraepithelial lymphocyte count in the jejunum in childhood
      enteropathies.
AB  - Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were evaluated in 131 jejunal mucosal biopsies
      taken from children with a small intestinal enteropathy arising from a variety of
      causes including coeliac disease, (untreated, after gluten withdrawal, and during
      subsequent challenge), giardiasis, cow's milk protein intolerance, and
      'intractable diarrhoea'. The counts were compared with those from the biopsies of
      children referred for investigation but in whom no gastrointestinal disease was
      demonstrated and from healthy siblings of children with coeliac disease,
      investigated during a family study. Children with coeliac disease showed a raised
      count which fell after gluten withdrawal as has been demonstrated by others in
      adults. Lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium increased rapidly during
      gluten challenge in such children, while no change was seen in those children
      proven ultimately not to have coeliac disease by the usually recognized criteria.
      In other enteropathies the range of counts was wide, overlapping with both normal
      and coeliac groups and indicating the nonspecificity of lymphocytic infiltration
      of the gut epithelium. The findings are discussed in relation to their
      significance and to further avenues of investigation to determine their possible
      diagnostic value in confirming the diagnosis of coeliac disease during gluten
      challenge.

PMID- 976799
TI  - Absorption of xylose, glucose, glycine, and folic (pteroylglutamic) acid in
      Zambian Africans with anaemia.
AB  - Rates of glucose, glycine, and folic (pteroylglutamic) acid absorption were
      determined for a 30 cm jejunal segment in vivo, with a double-lumen tube
      perfusion system, in 10 Zambian African women with a mean haemoglobin
      concentration of 5-1 (3-5-9-2) g/dl. In four the anaemia was megaloblastic (due
      to folate deficiency) and in six hypochromic. Perfusion solutions contained (1)
      glucose 200 mmol/1, (2) glycine 100 mmol/1, and (3) folic acid 250 mug/1. D
      xylose absorption after a 25 g oral load was determined in them, and also in 18
      additional patients (11 had megaloblastic and seven either hypochromic or
      haemolytic anaemia). Xylose absorption tests were significantly impaired in the
      patients with megaloblastic compared with hypochromic or haemolytic anaemia (P
      less than 0-001); those with untreated megaloblastic anaemia had a greater
      abnormality than those who had started treatment. Mean glucose, glycine, and
      folic acid absorption rates were similar to those in controls, and the rates in
      patients with megaloblastic and hypochromic anaemia were not significantly
      different. Correlation between glucose absorption rate and xylose excretion was,
      however, significantly (P less than 0-02). If more patients had been studied it
      seems likely therefore that a significant impairment of glucose absorption rate
      in the presence of megaloblastic anaemia would also have been demonstrated. In
      this investigation anaemia per se did not affect glucose, glycine, or folic acid
      absorption rates or xylose absorption, but xylose absorption was reduced in
      patients with megaloblastic anaemia. That abnormality was probably related to
      folate deficiency, and the underlying mechanism seems to be different from that
      causing impairment of monosaccharide absorption in patients with systemic
      bacterial infections. Mean glycine and folic acid absorption rates were not
      altered by megaloblastic anaemia, indicating that folate deficiency does not
      cause a general depression of absorption.

PMID- 976800
TI  - Human calcitonin stimulates salivary amylase output in man.
AB  - Salivary amylase output in man increases after injection of synthetic human
      calcitonin. This effect is dose dependent.

PMID- 976801
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the stomach: radiological and pathological correlation of
      effects of treatment with fast neutrons.
AB  - During the past six years 40 patients have been treated with fast neutrons for
      inoperable adenocarcinoma of the stomach. A number of these patients have been
      studied in detail both radiologically and pathologically with regard to the
      effects of fast neutrons on both the tumour and normal stomach. After treatment
      there was a constant reduction in size of the stomach capacity when compared with
      a control group and the motility of the stomach was lost. Mucosal changes, which
      were noted radiologically, appeared to be dose related. Histologically most of
      the tumour was destroyed. Small clumps of cells were, however, found in all
      except one of the patients but only in areas of the stomach which had not
      received the standard dose. Marked fibrosis occurred and it is our impression
      that the amount of fibrosis is in excess of that seen with other forms of
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 976802
TI  - Multiple recurring gastric erosions/aphthous ulcers).
AB  - Five patients are described who had repeated endoscopy because of continuing
      dyspeptic symptoms associated with a negative barium meal. They were found to
      have multiple recurring gastric erosions (aphthous ulcers). No common
      aetiological factor could be found, although four of these patients did have a
      mild or moderatley active superficial chronic gastritis. Conventional peptic
      ulcer therapy failed to control either symptoms or ulceration. Two patients
      finally came to gastric surgery (highly selective vagotomy), which resulted in
      the relief of symptoms and healing of the gastric aphthous ulceration.

PMID- 976803
TI  - Measurement of anal pressure and motility.
AB  - A fine open perfused system and a closed balloon system for the measurement of
      anal pressure and motility have been compared. Measurements were made in 40
      normal subjects and 84 patients with haemorrhoids. The rate of perfusion had a
      marked effect on the recorded pressure and motility details. The motility pattern
      was seen most clearly with the balloon probe and the pressure recorded was
      reproducible and easy to measure, making this a convenient method for recording
      activity of the internal anal sphincter. Anal motility in normal subjects was
      characterised by slow pressure waves (10-20/min). The frequency was fastest in
      the distal anal canal and this frequency gradient may represent a normal
      mechanism to keep the anal canal empty. Ultra slow pressure waves (0-6-1-9/min)
      were seen in 42% of patients with haemorrhoids and 5% of normal subjects and
      arose from a synchronous contraction of the whole internal sphincter.

PMID- 976804
TI  - An apparatus for the anaerobic ultrafiltration of bile and other biological
      fluids.
AB  - A simple apparatus is described for the anaerobic ultrafiltration of a few
      millilitres of bile or other biological fluids. The principle employed enables
      viscous liquids which would normally block the membrane to be ultrafiltered
      successfully.

PMID- 976805
TI  - Neuroleptanalgesia in upper alimentary endoscopy.
AB  - Droperidol and fentanyl have been used with diazepam in 250 peroral endoscopies
      because of dissatisfaction with standard methods of sedation. Excellant analgesia
      has been achieved and complications have been negligible. The technique does not
      require the presence of an anaesthetist.

PMID- 976806
TI  - Histopathology of cell mediated immune reaction in mouse colon--allograft
      rejection.
AB  - Grafts of mouse fetal colon, implanted beneath the renal capsule of adult hosts,
      have been used to study the growth and development of colonic isografts and the
      rejection of colonic allografts. Isografts grew normally and maintained a
      structure similar to normal colon. Grafts between strains with H2
      histocompatibility differences were rejected by 13 days after transplantation.
      Early progressive infiltration of the grafts by lymphoid cells was followed by
      increasing damage to, and subsequent loss of, the epithelial cell layer and
      destruction of the underlying muscle, changes which parallel those seen in
      rejection of skin and small bowel. The increase in survival time which is seen in
      allografts between strains with H2 identity was longer in the colon than has been
      seen in the skin or small bowel; none of the allografts of colon were completely
      rejected before 30 days, and some remained viable at 50 days. Comparison of the
      appearances of rejection in the colon with those of ulcerative colitis and
      colonic Crohn's disease does not show the striking similarity which is seen
      between small bowel rejection and coeliac disease. Many of the individual
      features of these diseases are, however, present in the course of colonic
      rejection.

PMID- 976807
TI  - Ischaemic colitis in the experimental animal. II. Role of hypovolaemia in the
      production of the disease.
AB  - Hypovolaemia alone did not lead to ischaemic colitis but when venesection was
      induced immediately after the acute ligation of the common colic artery large
      bowel ischaemia ensued. Similarly, hypovolaemia induced one month after two major
      blood vessels had been occluded led to ischaemic colitis. These findings suggest
      that states of low blood flow in the presence of previous arterial constriction
      or blockage may lead to enough reduction in mesenteric perfusion for intestinal
      ischaemia to develop. Using an electromagnetic flowmeter placed in the cranial
      mesenteric artery of the dog, it was shown that hypovolaemia may lead to 50-75%
      reduction in mesenteric blood flow without producing any significant change in
      the systemic blood pressure.

PMID- 976808
TI  - Exocrine pancreatic function in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Exocrine pancreatic function was studied in 20 juvenile-onset diabetics, seven
      maturity-onset diabetics, and five patients with diabetes secondary to chronic
      pancreatitis. The results were compared with 13 non-diabetic controls. The
      outputs of bicarbonate, trypsin, and amylase were reduced in the diabetic
      patients in response to intravenous secretin and CCK-PZ. In the juvenile-onset
      group, exocrine pancreatic secretory capacity was reduced in 80% of the patients,
      and the severity of the reduction was related to the duration of the diabetes.
      The reduction in pancreatic secretory capacity must be taken into consideration
      when interpreting pancreatic exocrine function in patients with diabetes.

PMID- 976809
TI  - Stenosis of the colon in acute pancreatitis.
AB  - A case is described demonstrating a stricture of the colon associated with acute
      pancreatitis and 20 similar cases found in the literature are reviewed. The
      colonic stenosis may be of short duration and largely due to oedema or more
      chronic with deposition of fibrous tissue. Many cases have been confused with a
      carcinoma both radiologically and at laparotomy. It is suggested that a
      conservative approach be adopted initially, resection being carried out if follow
      up barium examination fails to show resolution of the stenosis.

PMID- 976810
TI  - Ferritin in Crohn's disease tissue: detection by electron microscopy.
AB  - Using immune electron microscopy, an attempt has been made to visualise viral
      particles in Crohn's disease tissue and faeces. No particles resembling viruses
      were observed, but in the absence of a specific antiserum a negative result does
      not exclude the presence of a virus, particularly if it is sparsely distributed.
      Compared with controls, an abundance of a 12 nm particle was found in all Crohn's
      disease tissue and one small intestinal lymphoma. This particle has been
      identified as ferritin and is unlikely to be of aetiological significance.

PMID- 976811
TI  - Hypergastrinaemia in cirrhosis of liver.
AB  - The basal acid output (BAO), post-pentagastrin acid output (MAO), fasting and
      post-prandial gastrin levels in 40 patients with proven cirrhosis of the liver
      were compared with those in 20 normal controls. The mean BAO and MAO were
      significantly lower than normal, the mean fasting gastrin level was significantly
      higher than normal, and the postprandial gastrin response was significantly
      increased and prolonged. These differences were still significant even when the
      patients were divided into cryptogenic and alcoholic subgroups. A significant
      inverse relationship between MAO and the integrated gastrin response to meal was
      observed both in the normal controls and in the cirrhotic patients. The MAO and
      integrated gastrin response of the cirrhotic patients did not correlate with the
      degree of liver function impairment. In five cirrhotic patients fasting and
      postprandial gastrin levels were unchanged after splenorenal shunt operation. A
      more consistent abnormality of the gastric mucosa as assessed by endoscopy and
      biopsies appeared to be mucosal congestion with occasional atrophic gastritis.
      the severity of mucosal abnormality, however, was unrelated to the degree of
      hypoacidity. these results indicate, firstly, that the hypergastrinaemia in
      cirrhotic patients is a reflection of gastric hypoacidity and bears no direct
      relationship to hepatic dysfunction. Secondly, the gastric hypoacidity does not
      accrue solely from mucosal abnormality. It is suggested that this hypoacidity may
      result from the presence of excessive amounts of circulating acid-inhibiting
      intestinal peptides, which the diseased liver fails to metabolise.

PMID- 976812
TI  - Idiopathic cholestasis of pregnancy in a large kindred.
AB  - A past history of idiopathic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) was detected in 10
      out of the 32 multiparous women in the last two generations of a large kindred.
      The affected women are distributed in five family units, sharing Chilean-born
      great-grandparents. The connection between the ICP-affected women and the common
      trunk is given both by male and female parents. Five cases are concentrated in
      one family unit, where the mother and all her daughters have been affected by the
      disease. The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of ICP is supported by
      this study. It is proposed that the disease may be transmitted as a predisposing
      trait by individuals of either sex and that non-genetic factors may influence its
      expressivity. A reliable test to identify all the genetic carriers seems
      indispensable to define the pattern of inheritance in this disease.

PMID- 976813
TI  - Gastritis duodenitis, and circulating levels of gastrin in duodenal ulcer before
      and after vagotomy.
AB  - Biopsy specimens have been taken from five standard sites in the stomach and from
      the duodenal bulb in order to investigate the association of gastritis and
      duodenitis with duodenal ulcer. Twenty patients with chronic duodenal ulcer were
      investigated in this manner and in addition had gastric secretion tests and a
      radio-immune assay of serum gastrin under differing conditions. The patients were
      then treated either by a truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TVP) or by a highly
      selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure (HSV). All the investigations
      were repeated three months postoperatively. Duodenal ulcer was usually associated
      with gastriitis, although this varied in extent and severity from patient to
      patient. In nearly all the patients, gastritis was present at the pyloric end of
      the stomach and along the lesser curve. In more than half of the patients,
      gastritis was also present in the body of the stomach but the fundus was usually
      spared. Chronic duodenitis was found in the duodenal bulb in all these patients.
      After vagotomy there was a marked increase in both the extent and severity of the
      proximal gastritis in both treatment groups but the distal gastritis remain
      almost unchanged. There was little change in the incidence of duodenitis after
      vagotomy but its severity was lessened. No correlation was found between the peak
      acid output (PAO) in response to Histalog and the severity of the gastritis or
      the duodenitis either before or after operation, with one exception. The
      postoperative PAO was significantly less in those patients who developed a severe
      proximal gastritis after vagotomy. No relationship was found between the severity
      of the distal gastritis and the levels of serum gastrin. No correlation was found
      between either the basal or peak acid output and the corresponding serum gastrin
      levels before or after vagotomy.

PMID- 976815
TI  - The swan-neck deformity.

PMID- 976814
TI  - Transient paraproteinaemia in a patient with coeliac disease.
AB  - A case is reported of a 43 year old man who suffered from a grass pollen allergy
      and a malabsorption syndrome and in whom a paraproteinaemia was found. The grass
      pollen hypersensitivity was abolished by desensitization. The malabsorption
      syndrome was found to be due to coeliac disease--that is, a "flat" mucosa of the
      jejunum with an almost normal ileal mucosa--followed by clinical recovery and
      morphological improvement on a gluten-free diet. A short period of gluten
      reintroduction caused deterioration of the jejunum. The monoclonal immunoglobulin
      (IgG-gamma) diminished and disappeared in the course of three years. Although it
      has not been possible to demonstrate that this paraprotein had anti-gliadin
      activity, it is suggested that the constant stimulation of the gut
      reticuloendothelial system by gluten might bear some relation to the appearance
      of the paraproteinaemia.

PMID- 976816
TI  - Arthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. Treatment by silicone sponge
      interposition arthroplasty. An experimental and clinical study.

PMID- 976817
TI  - The superficialis minus deformity and its operative treatment.
AB  - On removal of the superficial finger flexor the normal sequence of flexion is
      greatly disturbed if the proximal interphalangeal joint is hypermobile, and a zig
      zag deformity results. The pathomechanics of this problem as described by
      Landsmeer (1958) is reviewed. A modification of Littler's lateral band re-routing
      operation for correction of the intrinsic plus finger deformity has been
      developed to correct the superficialis minus deformity. This procedure has been
      successful in correcting the proximal interphalangeal joint hyperextension in
      five cases and in preventing its development in three others. Terminal
      interphalangeal joint flexion deformity has not been eliminated.

PMID- 976818
TI  - Swan-neck deformity: mechanism and surgical treatment.
AB  - There are several forms of swan-neck deformity which are amenable to surgical
      treatment with good results, if based on an adequate study of the mechanism.
      Selection of the most suitable surgical procedure must be based on the
      pathological type.

PMID- 976819
TI  - Surface study of tenosynovium in hens and humans by electron microscopy.
AB  - A comparative study has been made of the surface structure of the tenosynovium in
      flexor tendon apparatus obtained from hens and humans. Three different parts of
      the visceral, and parietal layers, and vincula were observed by scanning electron
      microscopy. Lining cells of the visceral layer are relatively flat and enmeshed
      with filamentous fibrils, while those of the parietal layer and the vincula are
      covered with vesicular and granular particles. Intercellular space is occupied
      with a close meshwork of filamentous fibrils. These findings are similar in both
      hens and humans. It is, thus, suggested that the cellular structure varies in the
      three different parts of the tenosynovium probably in relation to their function.

PMID- 976820
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of repaired tendon and pseudosheath.
AB  - (1) Repairing surface structure of transected digital flexor tendons of hens were
      studied by scanning electron microscopy. One week after a simple suture, fibrous
      materials probably of fibrin and exudated blood cells were attached on the
      surface. After two weeks, lining cells enmeshed with fine fibrils covered most of
      the surface. After three weeks, cellular protrusions of spindle shape spread over
      the repaired tendon. (2) Repaired surface of partially resected tendons of hens
      showed the same sort of healing processes as observed in the sutured tendons. The
      injured tendon surface was covered with the lining cells derived from surrounding
      synovium. (3) It was suggested that the repair of the injured tendons may occur
      from the surrounding tenosynovium, where the fibroplastic-like lining cells cover
      the injured part. (4) Observation of surface structure of pseudosheath was
      carried out after the silicone rod implantation with complete resection of the
      surrounding sheath. In one or two weeks, spindle-like cells probably
      corresponding to fibroblasts appeared on the surface. Fibrillar substance also
      mingled with such fibroblastic cell protrusions. Well-repaired pseudosheath
      similar to the normal parietal sheath was seen at four weeks. Such differentiated
      synovial lining cells formed from the peritendinous tissues were also regenerated
      from the original area around this time. (5) It could be said that the
      experimental repair on the visceral and parietal layer of the tendon sheath was
      similar in time and form. However, it seems to be necessary to compare the
      results from human subjects in relation to the abnormal repair of the injured
      tendon such as in adhesions.

PMID- 976821
TI  - Experimental flexor tendon healing without adhesion formation--a new concept of
      tendon nutrition and intrinsic healing mechanisms. A preliminary report.
AB  - An experimental model is presented enabling an analysis of the healing process of
      completely cut and re-sutured free segments of rabbit flexor tendons, kept
      avascular in a synovial milieu and completely isolated from adhesion formation.
      Under these conditions the cut tendons heal within a few weeks. It can be shown
      that this healing process is a result of intrinsic tendon cell activity only.

PMID- 976822
TI  - The relationship of the ulnar nerve to the medial intermuscular septum in the arm
      and its clinical significance.
AB  - In the region of the passage of the ulnar nerve from the anterior to the
      posterior compartment of the arm an arcade is formed which can be a primary or
      secondary factor in the production of traumatic lesions of this nerve in the arm.
      It is the purpose of this paper to present the details of this arcade and to note
      its clinical significance.

PMID- 976823
TI  - In search of complications in carpal tunnel decompression.
AB  - A series of 170 hands in 152 cases of carpal tunnel decompression presented from
      the Hand Unit of the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Special
      emphasis is laid on unsatisfactory results of the surgical procedure and their
      remedy.

PMID- 976824
TI  - Sensory re-education after median nerve lesions.
AB  - Technique for re-educating sensory function after median nerve lesions at the
      wrist is described. Results of re-education of Twenty-three patients are
      presented. The functional results are good and belie the traditional view of
      sensory function after nerve suture. Recent advances in sensory neuro-physiology
      are discussed which may explain the successes of this technique.

PMID- 976825
TI  - Replantation of an avulsed thumb, with application of a neuro-vascular pedicle.

PMID- 976826
TI  - Survival of the thumb by a vein graft in a case of a severe hand lesion.
AB  - A case of severe lesion of the hand is reported in which the circulation of the
      thumb was restored by using a vein graft. The operative procedure and
      postoperative management are described. The periods of arterial insufficiency in
      the thumb, likely due to spasms, are discussed.

PMID- 976827
TI  - Dupuytren's disease--a study of the pattern of distribution and stage of
      contracture in the hand.
AB  - The distribution and stages of contracture in the digits are examined in 901
      persons with Dupuytren's disease and collected into an epidemiological study of
      15,950 persons in a small Norwegian town. The frequency of contracted digits
      counted from the total number of affected hands, are for men (women in
      parentheses): Thumb 3.0% (0.6), Index finger 1.2% (1.7), Middle finger 28.3%
      (27.9), Ring finger 85.1% (92.3) and Little finger 45.4% (39.5). The most common
      combination of affected fingers are ring and little fingers. At corresponding
      ages, the contracture is more severe in men than in women, and more severe in the
      right than in the left hand. With the exception of the index finger, the degree
      of contracture increases from the thumb to the little finger, 29% of the men and
      12% of the women examined had contracture of such an extent that surgical
      treatment was advisable. Only 5.7% of the men and 3.1% of the women had been
      operated on because of the disease, which indicates that operation statistics are
      based upon very selected patients. Many aspects of this disease can only be
      properly studied in epidemiological material.

PMID- 976828
TI  - Open palm technique for Dupuytren's contracture.
AB  - A study of the pre-operative condition of seventy-five hands afflicted with
      Dupuytren's contracture is followed by an analysis of the results of limited
      fasciectomy approached by midlateral digital and transverse palmar excisions. The
      palmar wounds were left open and healing occurred with minimal complications. The
      correction of contractures compares favourably with that achieved using other
      techniques of access and wound closure.

PMID- 976829
TI  - Surgery for rupture of extensor tendons in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Forty-two patients underwent fifty-four operations for rupture of extensor
      tendons in rheumatoid disease. The results are analysed and factors affecting the
      results discussed.

PMID- 976830
TI  - Palmaris longus, anteductor of the thumb.
AB  - Palmaris longus contributes to the anteposition and pronation of the thumb under
      circumstances. It is however restricted by its medial tendon which runs into the
      palmar aponeurosis. The diversion of this tendon and the mobilisation of the
      muscular head of the abductor pollicis brevis arising from its lateral tendon
      will substantially accentuate the role of palmaris longus as a muscle of the
      thumb.

PMID- 976831
TI  - Subcapital fractures of the four ulnar metacarpal bones.
AB  - Several methods of reduction and fixation of subcapital fractures of the four
      ulnar metacarpals have been suggested. All current methods deal with the volar
      angulation of the fracture; but in 133 consecutive cases angulation in this
      direction was of little clinical consequence. The more serious sequelae must be
      ascribed either to rotary deformity or to ulnar angulation at the fracture-site.
      These deformities were usually the result of bad bandaging technique and not due
      to the initial trauma. A new principle of conservative treatment is suggested.

PMID- 976832
TI  - Congenital absence of flexor pollicis longus and flexor pollicis brevis: a case
      report.
AB  - A case of the absence of the flexor pollicis longus and flexor pollicis brevis
      alone, a congenital anomaly of exceedingly rare occurrence, is reported.
      Literature relevant to the absence of muscles and tendons of the hand is reviewed
      and discussed.

PMID- 976833
TI  - [Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)].

PMID- 976834
TI  - [Arthrography and arthroscopy in the diagnosis of internal derangement of the
      knee].

PMID- 976835
TI  - [Estrogen treatment of excessively tall girls].

PMID- 976836
TI  - [Corticosteroids and the course of cerebral stroke].

PMID- 976837
TI  - [Anemia in infancy--a community program for survey and evaluation of treatment].

PMID- 976838
TI  - [Superior mesenteric artery syndrome].

PMID- 976839
TI  - [Composition of infant cereal feeds and risk of hypernatremia].

PMID- 976840
TI  - [Digoxin plasma levels as a guide to treatment].

PMID- 976841
TI  - [Chronic erythema nodosum].

PMID- 976842
TI  - [Practolol-induced systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 976843
TI  - [Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and dysphagia for liquids due to vincristine].

PMID- 976844
TI  - [Methyldopa-induced fever].

PMID- 976845
TI  - [Physiological aspects and pharmacological approaches for preservation of
      ischemic myocardium in acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 976846
TI  - [The athletic heart].

PMID- 976847
TI  - [Acute hypercalcemia in breast cancer with bone metastases].

PMID- 976849
TI  - [Embolus of the upper mesenteric artery].

PMID- 976848
TI  - [Arthroscopy of the knee].

PMID- 976850
TI  - [Prolactin, water balance and the regulation of blood osmolality].

PMID- 976851
TI  - [Hospital admission due to adverse drug reactions].

PMID- 976852
TI  - Health care crisis-for whom?

PMID- 976853
TI  - Health care enigmas.

PMID- 976854
TI  - Developing a quality assurance program.

PMID- 976856
TI  - Emergency room: a role for social workers.

PMID- 976855
TI  - Common ground: social work and health care.

PMID- 976857
TI  - Enhancing the relationship between physician and patient.

PMID- 976858
TI  - A professional reminiscence.

PMID- 976859
TI  - Social work and self-help groups.

PMID- 976860
TI  - Cleft palate patients--the social work approach.
AB  - From birth to maturity, the needs of cleft lip and cleft palate patients change.
      For such patients, fixed teams of specialists headed by a surgeon may not be the
      best answer. The authors outline theclinicl characteristics of both deformities
      and show how social workers are uniquely equipped to coordinate a changing
      constellation of helpers in an adaptable form of long-term treatment.

PMID- 976861
TI  - Race relations training at Walter Reed Army-Medical Center.

PMID- 976862
TI  - Social workers teaching in medical schools.

PMID- 976864
TI  - Where are we heading.

PMID- 976863
TI  - Rotating social work students within a medical center.

PMID- 976865
TI  - Method of payment--relation to abortion complications.

PMID- 976866
TI  - Psychiatric social workers in the emergency department.
AB  - The authors report on a unique program that uses psychiatric social workers as
      the primary mental health care-givers in the emergency department of a general
      hospital. Their article demonstrates that the social worker is uniquely well
      equipped to respond to the psychiatric and social problems of emergency
      department patients.

PMID- 976867
TI  - Group work with patients on peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The patient in end-stage renal failure, whose life depends on an artificial
      kidney machine, must make major emotional and physical adjustments. The author
      describes how in-hospital group treatment can help these patients cope with their
      new life situation.

PMID- 976868
TI  - Ring-a-day: a telephone reassurance service.

PMID- 976869
TI  - Quality care: true accountability.

PMID- 976870
TI  - Social service programming in nursing homes.

PMID- 976871
TI  - Outreach services in "God's waiting room".
AB  - Miami Beach--or "God's Waiting Room" as some have flippantly named it--has an
      overwhelming number of elderly people living on low incomes. This article
      describes the community-based programs instituted by one long-term care facility
      that not only provide a viable alternative to institutionalization, but are cost
      effective as well.

PMID- 976872
TI  - Prospects for social workers in health planning.
AB  - The nature and extent of social worker's involvement in regional health planning
      agencies was the subject of the nationwide study reproted here. Social work
      proved to be more heavily represented on the professional staffs of these
      agencies than any other discipline. This was just one of the findings that can
      help shape the profession's response to the possibilities this new field
      represents.

PMID- 976873
TI  - Predicting the impact of severe illness in families.
AB  - The goals of this survey of families with a leukemic child were (1) to develop
      simple, objective methods of describing the overwhelming impact of this serious
      illness on families, and (2) to test the value of family coping responses that
      manifested themselves immediately after the diagnosis in predicting stress
      outcome as measured a few months after the death of the child. The findings
      indicate that most of the families with a seriously ill child were still
      overwhelmed by this crisis three months postmortem. The effectiveness of these
      families appeared, at that time, to have been substantially reduced in that their
      members suffered from multiple problems affecting their health and normal
      functioning. The evidence indicates substantial differences in the impact of the
      illness on the survey families, in accord with the effectiveness of their initial
      coping response to the diagnosis. Adaptive coping families were far superior in
      outcome than were maladaptive coping families in the follow-up survey. The study
      findings support the view that the optimal period for intervention is during the
      early, acute stage of the crisis, immediately following the confirmation of the
      diagnosis, when the family is making those decisions associated with maladaptive
      coping and poor stress outcome.

PMID- 976874
TI  - Rape--a personal account.
AB  - At the time of the rape the author was a first-year student of social work. Her
      description of the experience and of the complex process of recovery makes
      evident the paucity of the social services that were available to her and the
      ways in which they could have helped.

PMID- 976875
TI  - A therapeutic community for chronic mental patients.
AB  - When the number of state mental hospitals in California was sharply reduced, San
      Diego County organized a therapeutic community for the treatment of acting-out
      chronic mental patients. The program represents the constructive use of group
      pressure to instill adaptive behavior patterns and to imporve ego functioning.

PMID- 976876
TI  - Biological decomposition of fulvic acid preparations.
AB  - Decomposition of preparations of various fractions of fulvic acids in pure
      cultures of bacteria and in the soil was investigated. In the soils enriched with
      fulvic acids the amount of bacteria increased, oxygen consumption and formation
      of carbon dioxide followed a typical sigmoid curve. The above measurements
      indicated that mineralization occurred after a very short or negligible lag
      phase. During the decomposition of fulvic acids the ability of microorganisms to
      oxidize aromatic compounds, e.g. vanillic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, increased.
      The presence of aromatic structures in the used preparations of fulvic acids was
      demonstrated on the basis of their IR spectra and according to the results of
      chromatographic analyses of their hydrolysates. The results indicated a
      relationship between metabolism of fulvic acids and aromatic compounds. In
      samples of the soil preincubated with glucose with fulvic acids decomposed more
      rapidly than in untreated samples.

PMID- 976877
TI  - Colonial growth and ramihyphin A-induced changes in cell walls of Neurospora
      sitophila.
AB  - Colonial growth of Neurospora sitophila phenotypically induced by ramihyphin A is
      accompanied by marked changes in the contents of DNA, RNA and proteins in the
      mycelium, and in the relative proportion of hexoses in cell wall hydrolysates.
      The glucosamine/glucose ratio is also characteristic for colonial growth. X-ray
      analysis of cell walls showed that ramilhyphin A suppresses the crystalline
      arrangement of chitin in cell walls. A combination of microbiological,
      biochemical and physico-chemical methods yielded a general picture of the changes
      accompanying the colonial growth of Neurospora sitophila.

PMID- 976878
TI  - Content of fatty acids of Chlorella kessleri in a deep tank fermentation.
AB  - Chlorella kessleri cultivated in a deep tank contained 4.8% of non-polar lipid;
      51% of this fraction represents saturated fatty acids, 7% unsaturated fatty
      acids. Our investigation of the fatty acids profile demonstrated even- and odd
      numbered saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ranging from C12 to C20. Unlike in
      other Chlorella species, stearic acid was the dominant fatty acid found. Also
      shown was an elevated C16:0 fatty acid content and a reduced level of unsaturated
      fatty acids.

PMID- 976879
TI  - Oxidation of methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid by methanol-utilizing yeast.
AB  - Methanol-utilizing yeast, Candida boidini 11 Bh, characterized by high tolerance
      to methanol during growth, displays even higher tolerance when the oxidation rate
      by intact cells is tested. Low respiration activity is found even at 22% v/v of
      methanol. The half-saturation constant was 17-18 mM. The half-saturation
      constants for the two oxidation intermediates, formaldehyde and formic acid were
      3.5-4.0 an .d 30-33 mM, respectively. When applied together with standard
      concentration of methanol, very low concentrations of both intermediates
      stimulated the oxidation rate. These results are discussed in connection with the
      relationship between growth and oxidation, the tolerance to high concentrations
      of inhibitory products and the mechanism of inhibition.

PMID- 976880
TI  - Properties of the cured oncogenic strain 37400 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
AB  - The properties of the 37400 oncogenic strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are
      described. This strain was derived from the VI lysogenic strain originally
      isolated by Hamilton from a Zinnia elegans tumour. Strain 37400 has a number of
      properties which render it suitable for quantitative and genetic studies. It is
      cured of prophages and can serve as a universal sensitive indicator for a number
      of phages isolated from various lysogenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
      Its good growth properties in synthetic media and at elevated temperatues enable
      the isolation of auxotrophic mutants and temperature sensitive phage mutants.
      Preliminary experiments show that strain 37400 will serve as suitable starting
      material for conjugation experiments under defined conditions.

PMID- 976881
TI  - Isolation and complementation analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants of the
      PS8 bacteriophage of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

PMID- 976882
TI  - Application of mathematical optimization methods in microbiology.
AB  - Mathematical methods of experiment design have so far found little use in the
      optimization of microbiological processes. The conventional optimization
      procedure is still the transformation of functional relationship of n variables
      into n unidimensional optimizations; furthermore, the Box-Wilson gradient method
      is often used. This paper presents a review of methods used in other fields, and
      their application in microbiological practice. The methods are classified
      according to whether they require, besides the simple determination of the
      objective function (direct search methods), also the finding of its first
      (gradient methods) or second derivative (Newton-Raphson method). A modified
      Rosenbrock's method of direct optimum search and the gradient Box-Wilson method
      were used in parallel for the optimization of yeast growth on methanol. Their
      comparison showed that Rosenbrock's method is more suitbale for multiparameter
      systems.

PMID- 976883
TI  - Short-term toxicity of hydratropic aldehyde in rats.

PMID- 976884
TI  - Long-term toxicity of cyclohexylamine hydrochloride in the rat.

PMID- 976885
TI  - Long-term toxicity of cyclohexylamine hydrochloride in mice.

PMID- 976886
TI  - Frequency of polyploid cells in the bone marrow of rats fed irradiated wheat.

PMID- 976887
TI  - Aflatoxin production on irradiated foods.

PMID- 976888
TI  - Monographs on fragrance raw materials.

PMID- 976889
TI  - Clinical chemical diagnosis and assessment of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 976890
TI  - A model to study cell injury: morphological changes of the proximal tubule of the
      rat kidney during ischemia and during recovery from ischemic injury in vivo.
AB  - Studies on structural cell changes as a function of ischemia time and studies on
      the recovery process of ischemically injured cells have implications for our
      general understanding of the features of cellular reaction to injury. For this
      reason a model was worked out to follow the morphological changes taking place in
      the proximal tubule of the rat kidney during ischemia and during recovery from an
      ischemic episode. The pars convoluta and the pars recta of the proximal tubule
      were examined separately and compared with one another.

PMID- 976891
TI  - Severe trauma and subsequent cardiac lesions causing heart failure and death.

PMID- 976892
TI  - The pathology of fatal dysrhythmias - a Canadian approach.

PMID- 976893
TI  - Reflections on the value of histological examination of the cardiac conduction
      system in cases of natural unexpected death.

PMID- 976894
TI  - The forensic problem of post-mortem diagnosis of sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 976895
TI  - Short and long-term prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
      and prediction of sudden death.

PMID- 976896
TI  - Life-threatening arrhythmias before and with cardiac pacing, and the reliability
      of the cardiac pacemaker,.

PMID- 976897
TI  - The organization of investigation of natural unexpected death in Denmark.

PMID- 976898
TI  - The recovery and identification of fluoroacetamide and fluoroacetic acid from
      tissues.
AB  - A rapid method is described for the extraction and identification of
      fluoroacetamide and fluoroacetic acid from tissues, by gas chromatography, using
      a mass spectrometer in the multiple ion monitoring mode as the detector.
      Recoveries from animal and human tissue macerates, after the addition of each
      compound, were approximately 30--35% for fluoroacetamide and 50--55% for
      fluoroacetic acid. Minimum detectable levels in tissues were found to be circa
      0.7 mug/g for the amide and 0.1 mug/g for the acid. Visceral tissue levels were
      found to be approximately 3 mug/g for fluoroacetamide, and 2.5--10 mug/g
      fluoroacetic acid in guinea pigs and rabbits which had been fatally poisoned with
      these compounds.

PMID- 976899
TI  - Magnesium and other electrolytes in bovine eyeballs immersed in sea water and
      other fluids.
AB  - Bovine eyeballs were immersed in fluids including sea water for variable
      intervals of time, and magnesium concentrations and those of other electrolytes
      were determined in the aqueous and vitreous humor. Magnesium values increased
      with time, but no final saturation was reached nor were the levels obtained as
      high as those previously reported. In human immersion fatalities, Mg++ increased
      comparably to the most closely stimulating experimental situation, that is,
      corneal exposure in an unstirred medium. At best, vitreous Mg++ appears to be an
      imperfect marker in estimating the length of immersion, and then only if the
      sample remains unhemolyzed and the total post-mortem interval is considered.
      Establishing or excluding the diagnosis of drowning solely by this technique
      seems unlikely because of ion diffusion into the eye fluids.

PMID- 976900
TI  - Antibody profiling of bloodstains.
AB  - The detection and measurement of antibodies in bloodstains represents a departure
      from the classical blood grouping used routinely in forensic serology. The
      antibodies in question are those associated with atopic allergy and infections by
      micro-organisms and other parasites. The production of these antibodies is not
      primarily under genetic control but reflects an individual's reaction to his
      environment. This paper describes the explicit information which may be obtained
      from an antibody profile, the high discriminating power and other advantages of
      the method.

PMID- 976901
TI  - Necropsy findings in fatal hypothermia cases.
AB  - A series of 22 cases of fatal accidental or suicidal hypothermia is presented.
      Necropsy findings on which the diagnosis can be based were analysed. Purple skin
      and swelling of face, hands and feet, as well as violet patches on elbows or
      knees were the most frequent external signs (Frequency 54--59%). The most
      conspicuous internal macroscopic signs were gastric erosions or haemorrhages,
      which were seen in half of the cases. Other less frequent signs were pulmonary
      oedema and acute renal and hepatic degeneration. Microscopically the myocardium
      showed small degenerative foci and/or fuchsinophilic fibres in two thirds of the
      cases. The myocardium was macroscopically normal. Histamine and serotonin assays
      from urine did not indicate increased excretion during exposure. Catecholamine
      concentrations in urine were high (greater than 0.1 mug/ml) in most hypothermia
      deaths indicating increased excretion due to cold. The best diagnostic signs seem
      to be purple skin and oedema in face and ears, stomach erosions, degenerative
      foci in myocardium and high concentration of catecholamines in the urine.

PMID- 976902
TI  - Determination of the sequence of writing on both sides of a paper.
AB  - One of the most difficult subjects the Examiner of Questioned Documents had to
      deal with is the determination of the sequence of written materials. As far as
      this author knows, techniques are available only for cases where the relevant
      writings are placed on the same side of the paper. Numerous experiments have been
      made on a range of papers varying in weight. In all of these tests both sides of
      the paper were typewritten as well as handwritten (pencil, pen, ball-point pen
      and fountain pen). Several samples are shown where the possibility of such
      determination is seen to be feasible, especially in cases where both sides are
      typewritten and where one is typewritten and the other is handwritten with
      pencil, ball-point pen and fountain pen.

PMID- 976903
TI  - A rapid method for testing marijuana.

PMID- 976904
TI  - [Effect of anabolic steroids on fattening and slaughter performance in calves
      (pilot experiment)].

PMID- 976905
TI  - [Influence of anabolic steroids on the N-retention in fattening calves].

PMID- 976906
TI  - [Effect of anabolic steroids on the fattening of calves (field trial)].

PMID- 976907
TI  - [Effect of 17 beta-estradiol and trenbolone acetate in different doses on various
      physiological and morphological parameters (provocation trial)].

PMID- 976908
TI  - [Influence of anabolic steroids on the composition of meat in fattening calves].

PMID- 976909
TI  - [Modification of various criteria of veal quality using estrogen-effective
      substances in fattening].

PMID- 976910
TI  - [Influence of anabolic steroids on the immune response in calves].

PMID- 976911
TI  - [Anabolic substances--definition and chemical structure].

PMID- 976912
TI  - [The mouse uterus test as well as histological examination of accesory sexual
      glands for the demonstration of anabolic treatment of calves].

PMID- 976913
TI  - [Studies on hormonal concentrations in tissues, plasma and urine of fattening
      calves after treatment with hormone-effective anabolic steroids].

PMID- 976914
TI  - [Psychiatric treatment by the resident neurologist].

PMID- 976915
TI  - [Systemic mycoses. 2. Systemic mycoses caused by dimorphous fungi (African
      histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis,, sporotrichosis)].

PMID- 976916
TI  - [Dimensions of experience in encounter groups. Empirical studies on client
      centered group activities].
AB  - The experiencing of participants of client-centered encounter groups served to
      demonstrate possibilities and limits of current models of the group process. This
      was done by analyzing the correlations between 5 dimensions of experiencing and
      aims of group participation, personality variables, modus of participation i.e.
      patient, student, therapist, time of participation, and group setting. The
      experiencing dimensions included 1. sympathy, trust, understanding, and help
      between members, 2. freedom from anxiety and stress, 3. openness, controversy and
      feedback, 4. momentary strong and basic feelings in one's self and others, 5.
      understanding, help and closeness of the group facilitator. The results show:
      Successful group participation was to the extent of maximal 50% determined by the
      experiences immanent in the client centered group process concept. Personality
      variables measured by tests determined the experiencing in the group to an extent
      of maximal 10%, supposedly less than the group experiencing was influenced by
      special characteristics of the group development for example the initial phase of
      group formation, member characteristics like age, attitudes concerning group
      work, and conventions of social behaviour. Even less relevant as determinants of
      group experiencing were differences of group setting and social pressure in the
      direction of uniform experiences at least within the first 20 hours of group
      participation.

PMID- 976917
TI  - [Chylothorax: causes, diagnosis, therapy].
AB  - The ductus thoracicus acts as the main vessel of the lymphatic system that flows
      into the venous system. It has the function of transporting lipis resorbed from
      the intestinal tract. Diseases of the thoracic duct are very rare and mostly
      result of injuries, tumors or as in most cases secondary infections. The main
      symptom in these cases is the presence of chylus outside of the ductus
      thoracicus, mainly in the thoracal spaces. Depending on the cause chylothorax is
      defined as traumatic, symptomatic or idiopathic. Therapy consists in drainage or
      ligature of the ductus thoracicus. The prognosis is good unless the cause is a
      malignant tumor resp. depends on the disease which is the cause of the
      chylothorax.

PMID- 976918
TI  - [The so-called vinyl chloride disease in the Federal Republic of Germany].
AB  - A short outline is given of the historical development of the so-called vinyl
      chloride disease in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is a report on the
      measures taken--including the research work. Latest statistics about the cases of
      occupational disease are shown.

PMID- 976919
TI  - [Why must we manufacture vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride?].
AB  - The manufacture of PVC is necessary for supplying the demands of modern society,
      for maintaining the equilibrium in the chemical industry such as the manufacture
      of caustic soda solution-chlorine by means of rocksalt electrolysis, and for the
      safe disposal of chlorine for environmental reasons. The manufacture of vinyl
      chloride and dichloroethane is illustrated. The conventional processing of PVC
      into consumer goods, after treatment of rigid and plasticized PVC compounds or
      granulate, is demonstrated.

PMID- 976920
TI  - [Serum uric acid and uric acid elimination after benzbromarone therapy in
      patients with gout and hyperuricemia].
AB  - During treatment with benzbromaron in a dose of 100 mg/day a significant fall of
      uric acid was shown beginning on the second day. On the forth day in the evening
      or the fifth day in the morning a steady state for the uric acid level is
      reached. The morning value was 2,9 mg/100 ml, the evening value 2,6 mg/100 ml.
      During treatment, even when serum uric acid levels are decreased, an augmented
      renal uric acid elimination excists but a hyperuraturia was not found.

PMID- 976921
TI  - [Emission measurements as an instrument of environmental protection].

PMID- 976922
TI  - [Myopathies. Possibilities of therapy].
AB  - There is still no useful form of therapy for muscle dystrophies. It is of
      importance not to miss the often difficult diagnosis of myositis, most
      inflammatory myopathies respond well to antiinflammatory therapy. Muscle
      disorders associated with endocrine diseases are curable by hormon replacement or
      correction of hormon overproduction. Myotonic muscle disease and hyper- or
      hypocalaemic muscle disease can be influenced positively by drug therapy.

PMID- 976923
TI  - [Purpura. Introduction, clinical aspects and etiopathogenesis from the
      dermatologist's point of view 4. : Secondary (symptomatic) skin purpura,
      dermatologic relevance, important basic diseases].

PMID- 976924
TI  - [Interactions of gastrointestinally-active drugs. 2. Parasympathomimetics,
      parasympatholytics, metoclopramide].

PMID- 976925
TI  - [Acute side-effects of drugs. Causes and prevention].
AB  - A successful therapy with causative acting drugs (e.g. antibiotics, hormones) or
      with symptomatic acting drugs (e.g. antihypertensive, psychopharmacological
      drugs, anticoagulants) cannot be practicable without secondary effects. These
      unavoidable "side-effects" either are of no consequence or, these have to be
      risked and to be controlled, especially in long-term-therapy. Often, it is
      impossible to foresee allergic reactions. Avoidable "side-effects" may be
      dangerous in case of patient's self-medication, medical negligence or in case of
      drug interactions. 5 classes of drugs with possible threatening secondary effects
      are demonstrated: glykosides, sulfonylureas (antidiabetics), coumarin derivatives
      (anticoagulants), corticosteroids and parenteral contrast mediums.

PMID- 976926
TI  - [Fasting values of carbohydrate--and lipid metabolism in healthy subjects and in
      patients with diabetes mellitus].
AB  - In 106 healthy adults and 34 in-patients with diabetes mellitus the venous blood
      concentration of lactate, pyruvate, hydroxybutyrate and acetacetate was measured.
      In healthy men we found a lactate concentration of 7.7 mg/100 ml (7.11-8.15), a
      pyruvate level of 0.37 (0.34-0.44) mg/100 ml, a level of acetoacetate of 0.41
      mg/100 ml(0.38-0.47) and a level of hydroxybutyrate of 0.47 mg/100 ml(0.29-0.70).

PMID- 976927
TI  - [Diurnal rhythm changes of kidney function].

PMID- 976928
TI  - [Muscular work in the therapy of diabetes mellitus].
AB  - A review is given on muscular exercise and its role in glucose homeostasis in
      normal and diabetic persons. Metabolic and hormonal consequences of short term
      and endurance exercise are described in detail. Based on clinical experience as
      well as on the basis of data published by the author dealing with animal
      experiments and clinical research studies the hypothesis of the "permissive role"
      of insulin with respect to the stimulatory effect of exercise on muscle glucose
      metabolism is put foreward and discussed. The metabolic effects of training in
      patients with diabetes mellitus are summarized. It is emphasized that in clinical
      research as well as in clinical routine muscular exercise as a means to treat
      metabolic disturbances has been widely neglected.

PMID- 976929
TI  - [Varicose-vein symptom-complex. Surgical aspects].

PMID- 976930
TI  - [Malignant struma. Pathological anatomy and functional properties. Discussion
      comments on the contribution of J. Thurner and G. Montano].
AB  - Many different classifications of thyroid tumors were employed during the last 50
      years. In 1964 the WHO International Reference Centre for the Histological
      Classification of Thyroid Tumors was established, in 1974 the final version of
      "Histological Typing of Thyroid Tumours" was published by Chr. Hedinger in
      collaboration with L. H. Sobin and 11 pathologists in 9 countries ("WHO
      International Histological Classifications of Tumours No. 11").

PMID- 976931
TI  - [Australia antigen. A review. 4. Immunopathology of liver diseases after
      hepatitis virus B infections].

PMID- 976932
TI  - [Experiences apropos of a clinical exchange with Japan from the viewpoint of the
      hospital manager].

PMID- 976933
TI  - Studies on the pituitary "fettstoffwechselhormon". VII. Analytical studies on two
      lipolytically high active peptides from hog pituitary glands.
AB  - First results of analytical studies on the highly purified lipolytic active hog
      pituitary fractions P-LF II C and P-LF II D are reported. Electrophoresis and end
      group determinations indicate homogeneity for both peptides. The molecular
      weights, amino acid compositions, and the N- and C-terminal sequences of these
      peptides have been established and are compared with the corresponding results of
      other laboratories. The relation between biological activity and the structure of
      lipolytic active peptides is discussed.

PMID- 976934
TI  - The contribution of the pancreas and the intestine to the regulation of lipolysis
      in birds. 2. Impaired lipolytic activity of pancreatic glucagon in the absence of
      either the pancreas or the intestine in the chicken.
AB  - Adipose tissue was removed from five-day old chickens after a) an overnight fast,
      b) total pancreatectomy and c) partial evisceration and digested with
      collagenase. The adipocytes were incubated with pancreatic glucagon (Novo) and
      the glycerol released into the medium taken as the index of lipolytic activity. A
      moderate fast, while being without effect on basal lipolysis, slightly decreased
      adipocyte sensitivity to glucagon. Pancreatectomy and evisceration significantly
      reduced both basal lipolysis and the response to glucagon: the impairment was
      most evident just at the concentration found in the plasma of such operated
      animals. It seems clear that normal lipolysis is under the control not only of
      pancreatic factors, but also of those of intestinal origin, and can only proceed
      normally when both are present.

PMID- 976935
TI  - Purification and characterization of a protein from porcine gut with glucagon
      like immunoreactivity.
AB  - A protein with glucagon-like immunoreactivity has been isolated from porcine
      intestine in a highly purified form. The isoelectric point is 6.8-6.9, and the
      molecular weight is 11,625, as calculated from its amino acid composition: this
      estimate has been confirmed by S.D.S. gel electrophoresis. The partial sequence
      so far elucidated is from the N-terminal: Arg-Ser-Leu-Gin-Asn-Thr-Glx-Glx-Lys-Ala
      Arg-Ser-Phe-, and from the C-terminal: -Ile-Ala, both differing from those of
      porcine pancreatic glucagon. On a molar basis the protein has the same
      immunoreactivity as porcine glucagon when assayed with some anti-glucagon sera,
      while the activity is less than 0.2% using other anti-glucagon sera.

PMID- 976936
TI  - Effect of the fatty acid composition of ingested fats on rat liver intermediary
      metabolism.
AB  - The influence of a single load of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or long chain
      triglycerides (LCT) on different intermediary metabolites of the rat liver was
      studied. Resultes showed that acetyl-CoA increased more after MCT than after LCT.
      MCT are more ketogenic than LCT. Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic redox state was
      greatly reduced after MCT. It is particularly interesting to note that MCT
      produced an increase in malate and citrate levels, whereas LCT had only a minor
      influence on these substances.

PMID- 976937
TI  - Adrenal and liver participation in the rat's post-stress diabetic response.
AB  - Sixty minutes of restraint stress, preceded by chlorpromazine administration
      which stimulates somatotrophic hormone secretion (STH), produced an acute post
      stress diabetic response (PDR) in normal-intact rats as well as in
      adrenalectomized rats. This PDR lasted 3 to 4 hours and was evaluated by glucemia
      and glucosuria determination and by the appearance of an insulin antagonist,
      alpha2-glycoprotein STH-dependent, called alpha2-inhibitor, which inhibits
      glucose uptake by isolated tissues. When tested in the suprahepatic blood of
      animals after stress it showed increased activity, both in normal and in
      adrenalectomized rats. This result permits us to state that alpha2-inhibitor may
      be produced in the liver by and action of STH and without primary glucocorticoid
      participation. The post-stress hyperglucemic response of adrenalectomized rats
      had a similar tendency to that of the control, although with initial and final
      values of glucemia significantly below the control. This response supports the
      diea that postadrenalectomy gluconeogenesis was evoked during and after the
      systemic stress.

PMID- 976938
TI  - Diphenylhydantoin inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin secretion in
      the pig.
AB  - The present study examined the influence of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on
      pentagastrin-induced calcitonin (CT) secretion in the pig. Diphenylhydantoin was
      observed to slow the onset and prolong the duration of pentagastrin stimulation
      on CT secretion. Further, pentagastrin reduced plasma calcium in both the control
      and DPH treated groups. The results of this study indicate a significant DPH
      induced inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated CT secretion in the pig.

PMID- 976939
TI  - Sex differences in glucocorticoid binding to the adenohypophysis.

PMID- 976940
TI  - Serum and urinary thyroid hormones during infective fever.

PMID- 976941
TI  - Transport kinetics for the uptake of (3H)glycine and (3H)L-glutamate into dorsal
      and ventral slices of rat spinal cord.
AB  - The uptake of [3H]glycine and [3H]L-glutamate into slices of the dorsal and
      ventral halves of rat spinal cord taken from the thoracal (T3-9) and lumbar (L1
      6) regions was determined in the concentration range 2 - 1 000muM. For both amino
      acids and in all four tissue pieces (thoracal dorsal and ventral, lumbar dorsal
      and ventral) biphasic linear regressions were obtained from the Lineweaver-Burk
      plots, demonstrating saturable transport mechanisms both in the high-affinity and
      in the low-affinity range. No significant dorsal-ventral or lumbar-thoracal
      differences were found for the transport constants Km of both amino acids. For
      the maximum velocity V similar dorsal-ventral and lumbar-thoracal gradients were
      found for both glycine and L-glutamate. These results, which are not entirely in
      agreement with the distribution of the endogenous pools of these amino acids, are
      critically discussed in view of the proposed function of high affinity uptake at
      the synapse.

PMID- 976942
TI  - Chloramphenicol-induced loss of mitochondrial DNA polymerase activity in HeLa
      cells.
AB  - HeLa cells exposed to chloramphenicol for approximately one cell generation were
      found to contain a mitochondria-associated DNA polymerase with a significantly
      lower specific activity than that of control cells. This observation was not due
      to the presence of inhibitors in mitochondrial DNA polymerase preparations of
      chloramphenicol-treated cell cultures. In addition, there was no accumulation of
      a typical mitochondrial DNA polymerase in the post-mitochondrial supernatant of
      drug-treated cells.

PMID- 976943
TI  - Protection of actin from heat denaturation by various phallotoxins.
AB  - Phallotoxins protect F-actin from heat denaturation at a temperature of 70
      degrees C for 3 min. This has been shown by difference spectroscopy. G-actin is
      not protected from heat denaturation by phalloidin. Among the various
      phallopeptides investigated, 4 toxic ones showed the same protecting ability,
      whereas non-toxic seco-compounds has no effect. The non-toxic (S)
      phalloidinsulfoxide A exhibited only a partial protecting activity, corresponding
      to an affinity for F-actin of about one tenth of that of the toxic peptides.
      Evidence for this was obtained from the easy displacement of the sulfoxide A from
      F-actin by phalloidin as well as by a spectroscopic dilution titration.

PMID- 976944
TI  - [Stimulation of RNA synthesis in rat liver and isolated hepatocytes by silybin,
      an antihepatotoxic agent from Silybum marianum L. Gaertn (author's transl)].
AB  - The incorporation of [3H] orotic acid into RNA from rat livers is stimulated by
      the flavonolignane derivative Silybin. The time course of the RNA synthesis and
      its dose dependence were demonstrated with isolated hepatocytes and [3H]uridine.
      The specific radioactivity of the newly synthesized RNA in rats treated with
      silybin is markedly higher than that of the controls. From preliminary
      experiments there is no indication that the synthesis of a distinct species of
      RNA is stimulated preferentially.

PMID- 976945
TI  - [Nepsilon-(beta-Aspartyl)lysine and Nepsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine crosslinkings
      in bovine colostrum (author's transl)].
AB  - In bovine colostrum which was defatted and totally hydrolyzed by proteolytic
      enzymes, the isopeptides Asp Lys and Glu Lys were identified by ion-exchange
      chromatography and preparative separation. Isopeptides were identified in two of
      seven samples of colostrum. It is still to be clarified whether there is a
      correlation between the amound of gamma-glutamyltransferase and the appearance of
      these crosslinkings.

PMID- 976946
TI  - Multivalent adsorption of proteins on hydrophobic agaroses.

PMID- 976947
TI  - Developing a partnership between a court and community agencies to reduce
      involuntary commitments.

PMID- 976948
TI  - Providing family-centered consultation to a juvenile court in Massachusetts.

PMID- 976949
TI  - The role of AL-Anon groups in the treatment program of a VA alcoholism unit.

PMID- 976950
TI  - The intensive treatment team: delivering behavioral treatment in a residential
      setting.

PMID- 976951
TI  - Parents, children, and due process: the case of Kremens v. Bartley.

PMID- 976952
TI  - Kremens v. Bartley: the case for the state.
AB  - The authors, co-counsel for the state of Pennsylvania in the child-commitment
      case to be heard this fall by the Supreme Court, outline the background of the
      case and present the state's arguments for preserving the rights of parents to
      commit their children to mental institutions. They warn of the potential
      psychological harm to both family and child in pitting one against the other in a
      formal commitment hearing. They also content that the lower-court ruling that
      granted due-process rights to children causes more problems than it solves. The
      decision, for example, effectively abolishes the state's program of respite care
      for mentally retarded youths.

PMID- 976953
TI  - Kremens v. Bartley: the right to be free.
AB  - The author, counsel for the children in the child-commitment case now before the
      Supreme Court, describes the necessity for legal protections for children prior
      to mental institutionalization. He maintains that frequently a child is placed in
      an institution not because he or she will benefit from such placement, but
      because it benefits his parents or eases family conflicts. He describes the
      dangers of institutionalization and notes the expansion of this mode of treatment
      for juveniles. He explains the events that led to the decision to argue for the
      rights of his clients to challenge their commitments, and he presents the legal
      arguments for granting children the same rights to due process as adults
      presently have.

PMID- 976954
TI  - Mental health centers and the criminal justice system.
AB  - Through questionnaires, interviews, and site visits, the authors undertook to
      ascertain to what extent the 26 community mental health centers in Kansas were
      contributing to the resolution of problems that concern the criminal justice
      system. They found that in all large communities some reciprocal programs have
      developed between the two systems, but meaningful collaboration is rare in small
      communities. Juvenile courts, urban law enforcement agencies, and county
      probation officers are most receptive to collaborative programs. An evaluation of
      several effective programs revealed three basic conditions that attribute to
      their success: an urban community setting, individual initiative by staff from
      each system, and location of the program within the criminal justice system.

PMID- 976955
TI  - A program for high school students in a facility for the retarded.
AB  - In 1971 the Fountain Valley (Calif.) High School established a program at
      Fairview State Hospital in Costa Mesa. California, in which 28 students worked
      with blind mentally retarded residents. There are now more than 160 students
      working in the program each semester in nine of the hospital's ten treatment
      programs; the students are a valuable source of one-to-one assistance. They
      increase the amount of personal care and attention that each resident receives,
      and they free staff members for other activities.

PMID- 976956
TI  - A program for the prevention and management of disturbed behavior.
AB  - A hospitalwide program to assist staff with the prevention and management of
      disturbed behavior of patients has been in operation at St. Thomas Psychiatric
      Hospital since January 1974. The staff development department prepared a teaching
      package consisting of a videotape cassette and a workbook that describes ways to
      predict and prevent disturbed behavior and to deal with it physically if it
      occurs. A comparison of hospital statistics for 1974 and 1975 indicates that in
      1975 there was a decrease in the incidence of disturbed behavior, of patient
      injuries, and of staff injuries directly related to patients, and in the total
      man-hours lost.

PMID- 976957
TI  - Predicting interprofessional alliances in the eighties.

PMID- 976958
TI  - An objection to the use of the term "acting-out".

PMID- 976959
TI  - Organizational scheme facilitates device inspection, documentation.

PMID- 976960
TI  - Center links all cancer treatment modes.

PMID- 976961
TI  - Significant changes noted in trends.

PMID- 976962
TI  - Hospital 'goes bare'.

PMID- 976963
TI  - Third-party payers gain most from arbitrated labor dispute.

PMID- 976964
TI  - Rural areas pose special problems for providing social services.
AB  - For maximum effectiveness, the delivery of social services and mental health
      services in a rural area must accommodate certain constraints imposed by the
      structure of the community. Accommodation to the community can be achieved best
      when an established and accepted institution provides structure and
      legitimization for the social service and the mental health worker and when it
      serves as a vehicle through which services are initiated and expanded.

PMID- 976965
TI  - Planning pervades conversion to cook/chill system.

PMID- 976966
TI  - Management should be instrument of change.

PMID- 976967
TI  - Age variation in skin color: a study in Sikh immigrants in Britain.

PMID- 976968
TI  - Growth patterns of children with sickle-cell disease.

PMID- 976969
TI  - Heat tolerance of Bantu and Pygmoid groups of the Zaire River Basin.

PMID- 976970
TI  - Amerindian descent and intellectual performance in Chilean university students.

PMID- 976971
TI  - Constitutional disharmony and selected components of motor ability.

PMID- 976972
TI  - Parent-child correlations and heritability of stature in Philadelphia Black and
      White children 6 to 12 years of age.

PMID- 976973
TI  - Parent-child and sibling-sibling correlations of height and weight in a rural
      Guatemalan population of preschool children.

PMID- 976974
TI  - Fourier analysis of aldolescent growth of the cranial vault: a longitudinal
      study.

PMID- 976975
TI  - Sampling biases in longitudinal genetic-epidemiologic surveys.

PMID- 976976
TI  - Skin reflectance of newborn infants from 25 to 44 weeks gestational age.

PMID- 976977
TI  - The palmar a-b ridge counts in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY)
      among Japanese.

PMID- 976978
TI  - Physical activity and bone density.

PMID- 976979
TI  - On facial similarity in relatives.

PMID- 976980
TI  - Law forum.

PMID- 976981
TI  - Mercy Southern Health Center, Baltimore: outreach center alleviates
      neighborhood's health care shortage.

PMID- 976982
TI  - Concept of cost-related charges should be evaluated.

PMID- 976983
TI  - Active and passive euthanasia: the ethical distinctions.

PMID- 976984
TI  - Effects of group size on local religious communities.

PMID- 976985
TI  - Contracting with hospital-based physicians: the administrator's role.

PMID- 976986
TI  - Infection control: beyond surveillance and recordkeeping.

PMID- 976987
TI  - Shell space construction: future hedge or hazard?

PMID- 976988
TI  - Conventional financing: an alternative to tax-exempt revenue bonds.

PMID- 976989
TI  - Visual search behavior while viewing driving scenes under the influence of
      alcohol and marihuana.

PMID- 976990
TI  - Personality factors in highway accidents.

PMID- 976991
TI  - Profile analysis of persons arrested for drunk driving.

PMID- 976992
TI  - Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase among Indians living in a malarial
      region of Mato Grosso and its implication to the Indian-mixed populations in
      Brazil.
AB  - Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity and
      electrophoresis were investigated among 154 Indians living in a region
      hyperendemic for malaria at Alto Xingu, Mato Grosso, Brazil. No enzyme-deficient
      individual was found, and all subjects belonged to enzyme type B. No statistical
      difference in G-6-PD levels was found between tribes and sexes. The average of G
      6-PD activity of the Indians was significantly higher than the normal mean values
      found by the same technique in Caucasians, Negroes and Japanese of Sao Paulo,
      Brazil. The high rates of G-6-PD activity of the Indians are not correlated to an
      increased reticulocytosis by hypochromic anaemia and appear to be typical of
      Indian or Indian-mixed populations. Resistance to malaria in those populations
      should not involve erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency. It is suggested that the
      apparent association between G-6-PD deficiency and resistance to malaria found in
      other populations could be a statistical accident determined by the racial
      correlation between the incidence of G-6-PD deficiency and sickle-cell or
      thalassaemic haemoglobins among Negro and Mediterranean populations.

PMID- 976993
TI  - Serum and red cell enzyme variants in an Amerindian tribe: the Sirionos (Eastern
      Bolivia).
AB  - Blood samples from 109 Siriono (Eastern Bolivia) belonging to the Tupi-Guarani
      group were investigated for enzyme variants in the following systems: glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase,
      phospho-glucomutase (locus 1 and 2), acid phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase,
      NADH diaphorase, pseudocholinesterase (E1 and E2 locus), and serum alkaline
      phosphatase. The most relevant observations are: (1) A relative lack of
      polymorphism, a characteristic feature of the Amerindian populations studied up
      to now. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of a 'common ancestral
      background' in Indian populations whatever the degree of sociocultural and
      linguistic diversity, and the geographical distances. (2) Specific traits due to
      the frequency of alleles in some systems confer to that tribe a particular
      position among Amerindians. The effects of genetic drift may be postulated in
      order to explain the high rate of PGM and 6PGD polymorphism. Furthermore, in that
      small community, the disappearance of some alleles (pa gene) can plausibly be
      explained in terms of a balanced influence of mutational and selective pressure.

PMID- 976994
TI  - Neutral alleles at X-linked loci. A cautionary note.
AB  - Under the same conditions which yield 1 + 4Nemu as the effective number of
      neutral alleles maintained by fresh mutation at a rate mu at an autosomal locus
      in a population of size Ne, the corresponding number at an X-linked locus is 1 +
      3Nemu. The resultant bimodal frequency distribution for the effective number of
      alleles does not seem to have been used as the basis for analysis of data on
      actual numbers of alleles in natural populations.

PMID- 976995
TI  - Linkage relations of the loci for Kell and phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity.
AB  - Linkage analysis of Kell:PTC loci demonstration close linkage, theta = 0.045 with
      a lod score of 10.78. The results, which include the Sutter blood group, support
      the hypothesis that Sutter is a part of the Kell system.

PMID- 976996
TI  - Distribution of G6PD types in the population of southwest France: common variants
      and new variants.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified from blood samples originating
      from 33 subjects living in the 'Midi-Pyrenees' region (Southwest France).
      Biochemical and electrophoretic characteristics of several enzymatic variants
      were revealed. The distribution of the mutations in the subjects studied gave the
      following results: (1) Meditteranean Gd(-) and Gd(-)A identified variants; they
      constitute the main part of our observations. (2) Two original variants confirmed
      by the WHO International Reference Laboratory, that is: Gd(-) Toulouse and Gd(+)
      Luz-Saint-Sauveur; the latter mutation did not produce any haematological
      disorder. Absence of chronic haemolytic anaemia as well as a high rate of favism
      could be found in the families studied. As it is generally observed in
      Mediterranean regions, Southwest France population is characterized by a certain
      heterogeneity in biochemical and genetic mutations.

PMID- 976997
TI  - Finger patterns and ridge counts of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (47,
      XXY) among the Japanese.
AB  - Finger prints of a series of 48 Japanese patients with Klinefelter's syndrome
      (47, XXY) were studied as to frequencies of patterns and ridge counts. The
      patients displayed frequencies of the finger patterns on all digits similar to
      those of normal female controls. The finger patterns on individual digits of the
      patients, nevertheless, showed frequencies distinguishable from those of both
      normal male and female controls; arch pattern on digit I was significantly higher
      in incidence in Klinefelter's syndrome, whereas on digit II, ulnar loops were
      significantly more frequent and whorls less frequent in the patients. The
      patients were also noted to show significantly lower ridge counts for loops and
      whorls as compared with the normal controls. In Klinefelter's syndrome,
      significant diminution of the total finger ridge counts was demonstrable and this
      has been attributed not so much to the increased incidence of arches as to the
      frequent occurence of patterns with low ridge counts. The frequencies of finger
      patterns on all digits similar to those of normal females, the increased
      occurrence of patterns with low ridge counts as compared with the normal females,
      noted in the present series, are the characteristic features that are in common
      with those reported on white patients with this syndrome.

PMID- 976998
TI  - Concentrations of similar finger print patterns in four race groups.
AB  - Random samples from four races were examined to determine the frequency of
      subjects with none, or between 5 and 10 loops or whorls; with 2 or more radial
      loops, and with 3 or more simple arches. Inter-racial and sex differences occur
      and affect the description of various concentrations as being common or unusual.

PMID- 976999
TI  - Inheritance of acridine orange R variants in human acrocentric chromosomes.
AB  - Sequential Q and acridine orange R banding were performed on 50 normal
      individuals to determine those individuals with the maximum number of variants by
      acridine orange reverse banding. In three individuals from different families,
      one of the two homologs of each of pairs of acrocentric chromosomes was
      classified as variant. The variant present in two individuals enabled unambiguous
      determination of the paternal or maternal origin of all 10 acrocentric
      chromosomes. In the third family, the variants in the third generation were
      sufficient to determine the origin of homologs in 5 of 10 acrocentric
      chromosomes. Overall, the parental origin of 36 of 50 acrocentric chromosomes
      (72%) could be determined. In no case was the pattern of variants found in
      offsprings and parents incompatible with Mendelian inheritance.

PMID- 977000
TI  - Distribution of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase variants in South Poland.

PMID- 977001
TI  - Determination of power absorption in man exposed to high frequency
      electromagnetic fields by thermographic measurements on scale models.

PMID- 977002
TI  - Prediction of inhalation time/exhalation time ratio during exercise.

PMID- 977003
TI  - ELF coupling to spherical models of man and animals.

PMID- 977004
TI  - Multiple scattering analysis of retinal blood oximetry.

PMID- 977005
TI  - Design and clinical results of Hematrak: an automated differential counter.

PMID- 977006
TI  - Pain sensations associated with electrocutaneous stimulation.

PMID- 977007
TI  - An investigation of the use of microwave radiation for pulmonary diagnostics.

PMID- 977008
TI  - Assessment of cerebrovascular hydraulic input impedance.

PMID- 977009
TI  - A note on the steady flow of blood in distensible tubes.

PMID- 977010
TI  - Electromechanical transduction with charged polyelectrolyte membranes.

PMID- 977011
TI  - A mathematical model of the human temperature regulatory system--transient cold
      exposure response.

PMID- 977012
TI  - Analog computer simulation of maximum expiratory flow limitation.

PMID- 977013
TI  - Hemodynamic phenomena in fisuform aneurysms--I: steady flow conditions.

PMID- 977014
TI  - Scattering of ultrasound by blood.

PMID- 977015
TI  - Techniques for improving the selectivity of electromyographic recordings.

PMID- 977016
TI  - Determination of oxygen tension by measurement of net charge transport.

PMID- 977017
TI  - A low-powered 4-channel physiological radio telemetry system for use in surgical
      patient monitoring.

PMID- 977018
TI  - A moving-trace design for video systems.

PMID- 977019
TI  - A low-power combination electrocardiogram-respiration telemetry transmitter.

PMID- 977020
TI  - Paratesticular tumours of mesenchymal origin.

PMID- 977021
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma in Zambia a histopathological study.

PMID- 977022
TI  - The morphogenesis of melanotic lesions.

PMID- 977023
TI  - Pattern of malignancy at Visakhapatnam on the east coast of India.

PMID- 977024
TI  - Manual after-loading applicator in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 977025
TI  - Bone marrow studies following radical radiation treatment of carcinoma cervix
      uteri.

PMID- 977026
TI  - Urachus cyst with carcinoma.

PMID- 977027
TI  - Haemengiopericytoma of middle ear--a case report.

PMID- 977028
TI  - Undifferentiated retroperitoneal lymphocytic lymphoma (Burkitt's type).

PMID- 977029
TI  - A note on clinical trials with jawaherene.

PMID- 977030
TI  - Cancer of the male breast.

PMID- 977031
TI  - The efficacy of chemical bursectomy in chickens with congenital leukosis-virus
      infection.
AB  - Since treatment with Freund's complete adjuvant in chickens with congenital avian
      leukosisvirus infection results in severe hypergammaglobulinaemia, it was of
      interest to determine how various means of chemical bursectomy affected such
      animals. Testosterone injected during the embryonic period or cyclophosphamide
      administered neonatally were, alone, relatively ineffectual in suppressing the
      response to influenza virus or production of natural rabbit haemagglutinins, nor
      did these treatments reliably depress IgG or IgM levels. However, the combination
      of both testosterone and cyclophosphamide completely suppressed antibody
      responses to the antigens and resulted in animals with serum immunoglobulin
      levels 10-(4)-10-(5) that of untreated hypergammaglobulinaemic controls.

PMID- 977032
TI  - The use of the radioimmunoassay in the characterization of antibodies to basement
      membrane collagen.
AB  - This study describes the use of the radioimmunoassay for the characterization of
      antibodies to basement membrane (type IV) collagen from bovine anterior lens
      capsule. The immunogen was extracted from calf anterior lens capsules by limited
      pepsin digestion and injected into rabbits. The antisera were characterized using
      gel diffusion, haemagglutination and the radioimmunoassay in which 125I-labelled
      types I, II, III, and IV bovine collagen were employed. In the direct
      radioimmunoassay there was no reaction with either native or denatured types I,
      II or III bovine collagen, whereas there were high titres towards both native and
      denatured type IV bovine collagen. Radioimmune inhibition studies using
      unlabelled types I, II, III and IV bovine collagen, collagenase digested and
      repepsinized type IV collagen showed that there was marked inhibition by either
      native, denatured or repepsinized type IV collagen, and slight inhibition by
      native type I collagen; native type II and type III, denatured types I, II and
      III, and collagenase digested type IV collagen had no inhibitory effects.

PMID- 977033
TI  - On the blood group B gene-specified alpha-galactosyltransferase in the serum of
      the Japanese tortoise (Clemmys japonica).
AB  - Human blood group O cells were converted into B-active cells by incubation at
      either 4 degrees or 37 degrees with uridine diphosphate D-galactose and
      unfractionated serum from the Japanese tortoise (Clemmys japonica). The
      specificity of the converted cells was tested by their reactions with human anti
      B, anti-A and rabbit anti-B sera. Under the conditions used, Bombay (Oh) type
      cells were not converted, and group-O foetal cells possessing a few H antigenic
      sites were only weakly converted into B-active cells. In addition, the
      agglutination titre of the converted cells with eel anti-H serum decreased. These
      results therefore indicate that the conversion depends upon the preference of H
      substance on the red cells. The alpha-galactosyltransferase in tortoise serum
      thus resembles the transferase in human group-B serum and these results suggest
      that the mechanism of biosynthesis of blood group B substance in the tortoise is
      similar to that in humans.

PMID- 977034
TI  - Autoreactivity developing spontaneously in cultured mouse spleen cells. I.
      Evidence that cytotoxicity is directed against embryo-associated antigen.
AB  - We have investigated the ability of male-mouse spleen cells before and after
      culture in the absence of deliberate antigenic stimulation to show specific
      cytotoxicity to syngeneic embryo-fibroblast cells. The data suggest that
      cytotoxicity which develops spontaneously in such spleen cell cultures is
      directed primarily against embryo-associated antigens. Syngeneic Con-A-stimulated
      spleen cells, which, unlike fresh normal spleen cells, are also lysed by rabbit
      anti-mouse embryo antisera, are also a suitable target to demonstrate
      spontaneously developing cytotoxicity.

PMID- 977035
TI  - Effect of oral (combination and progestogen alone) and injectable contraceptives
      on serum copper levels.

PMID- 977036
TI  - Activities of deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases in human placenta.

PMID- 977037
TI  - Toxoplasmosis--its role in abortion.

PMID- 977038
TI  - Studies on the possible role of lytic enzymes in the intracellular viral
      decoating using an in vitro trimming system.

PMID- 977039
TI  - Sero-epidemiology of human and canine influenza in Pondicherry, South India,
      during 1971-1974.

PMID- 977040
TI  - Salmonella serotypes from sewage and water sources in India.

PMID- 977041
TI  - The in vitro antimicrobial efficiency of some essential oils.

PMID- 977042
TI  - An epidemiological study of domestic accidents in the families of army personnel
      at a peace station.

PMID- 977043
TI  - Health hazard amongst chrome industry workers with special reference to nasal
      septum perforation.

PMID- 977044
TI  - Abnormal haemoglobins in the Pakistani Armed Forces personnel.

PMID- 977045
TI  - Effect of ragi feeding on serum cholesterol level.

PMID- 977046
TI  - Effect of phenformin and ethyloestrenol on blood fibrinolytic activity on rabbits
      maintained on high cholesterol diet.

PMID- 977047
TI  - Effects of spermidine, spermine and N-ethylmaleimide on the structure of the rat
      liver ribosome.

PMID- 977048
TI  - Effects of thermal trauma on the respiratory tract in experimental animals.

PMID- 977049
TI  - Seropatterns of influenza HI antibodies.

PMID- 977050
TI  - Histologic observation of hepatitis B antigen ("Shikata cells") in diseases of
      the liver.

PMID- 977051
TI  - Electron microscopy study of hepatitis B antigen (Australia antigen) in serum.

PMID- 977052
TI  - The significance of serum aldolase in oral leukoplakia and cancer.

PMID- 977053
TI  - A study of animal pathogenicity of staphylococci isolated from pathological
      material and its correlation with biochemical properties.

PMID- 977054
TI  - Dermatophytoses in Raipur (Madhya Pradesh).

PMID- 977055
TI  - Pelvic hydatid diagnosed from cytological material.

PMID- 977056
TI  - Clear-cell sarcoma of palmar aponeurosis and tendons.

PMID- 977057
TI  - Mycetoma in the perineum.

PMID- 977058
TI  - Characterisation of atypical Mycobacterium strains isolated from cases of
      pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 977059
TI  - Evaluation of Serameba, counter-immunoelectrophoresis and bentonite flocculation
      test in rapid diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis.

PMID- 977060
TI  - Mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma.

PMID- 977061
TI  - Rhinoentomophthormycosis--a case report.

PMID- 977062
TI  - Osteochondroma of the tongue.

PMID- 977063
TI  - Misplaced exocytosis: a distinct form of secretion in the anterior pituitary.

PMID- 977064
TI  - Bacteriological studies of cholera in Visakhapatnam region of Andhra Pradesh.

PMID- 977065
TI  - Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and its importance in infection of the
      hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.

PMID- 977066
TI  - Conray inguinal herniography.

PMID- 977067
TI  - Child guidance clinic in a psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 977068
TI  - Experiences in general management of neonates with surgical problems.

PMID- 977069
TI  - Clinical profile in three cases of Fallot's tetralogy associated with costo
      vertebral anomalies.

PMID- 977070
TI  - Small bowel obstruction due to trichobezoar.

PMID- 977071
TI  - Expiratory flow rates in boys.

PMID- 977072
TI  - An analysis of mentally retarded cases attending the child guidance clinic.

PMID- 977073
TI  - Factors influencing immunoglobulin levels.

PMID- 977074
TI  - Hypoimmunoglobulinaemia: causes, diagnosis and management.

PMID- 977075
TI  - Immunisation status of children of parents belonging to various educational
      groups.

PMID- 977076
TI  - Simplified village level fluid and electrolyte therapy in the management of
      dehydration due to acute gastroenteritis in infancy.

PMID- 977077
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of nutritional anaemia in children below five years.

PMID- 977078
TI  - Hereditary disorders of cutaneous pigmentation.

PMID- 977079
TI  - Role of catecholamines in angiotensin induced hyperglycaemia.
AB  - The effects of angiotensin II were studied on blood sugar level in dogs.
      Intracerebroventricular administration of pressor dose of angiotensin caused a
      rise in blood sugar level. The hyperglycaemia and pressor response was not
      affected by bilateral vagotomy and was less marked in adrenalectomized dogs. The
      hyperglycaemic effect and pressor response was not observed in reserpinized and
      spinal vagotomized dogs. It is suggested that centrally administered angiotensin
      stimulates the hypothalamic or medullary accelerator neurons (central sympathetic
      structures) to cause a marked release of catecholamines from peripheral stores
      specially adrenal medulla. This excessive release of catecholamines is
      responsible for hyperglycaemia and pressor response of angiotensin II in dogs.

PMID- 977080
TI  - Centrally mediated hypocholesterolaemic response of insulin in dogs.
AB  - Insulin on intravenous administration in dogs caused a rise in blood cholesterol
      level. This may be due to its direct action on liver or other peripheral
      structures. On the other hand, insulin administered into the lateral cerebral
      ventricles in normal as well as in spinal and vagotomized dogs resulted in a
      lowering of blood cholesterol. In cross circulation studies insulin administered
      into lateral cerebral ventricles of donor dogs produced a hypocholesterolaemia in
      the recepient dogs without significant changes in blood cholesterol of donor
      dogs. It is suggested that some substance may be liberated from some parts of
      central nervous system due to an action of centrally administered insulin. This
      substance in turn causes hypocholesterolaemia by acting on liver or some other
      peripheral structures in dogs.

PMID- 977081
TI  - Effects of whole body Co-60 irradiation on the testes and epididymides of
      hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus Collaris): a biochemical analysis.
AB  - The effects of 575 and 875 Rontgen (R) of whole-body irradiation in common Indian
      hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus Collaris) were studied. At 875 R it showed typical
      signs and symptoms of radiation sickness, transient body loss and radiation
      mortality. Extensive vasculitis, pyknosis, chromatorrhexix and chromatolysis was
      noticed in the testes of irradiated hedgehogs. Epididymides and vas deferens were
      devoid of spermatozoa. Whole body irradiation inhibited the RNA, protein and
      sialic acid synthesis in the testes. Total cholesterol per gram of testes was
      increased significantly. Sialic acid contents of the irradiated epididymides were
      low. Reduced androgen production was confirmed in non-active Leydig cells, with
      diminished sex accessory organs and decreased fructose contents in the seminal
      vesicles of irradiated hedgehogs.

PMID- 977082
TI  - Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid on rabbit duodenum.
AB  - 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) produces myotonia in healthy animals. The
      action of this drug was studied on smooth muscles in vitro using isolated strips
      of rabbit's duodenum. The drug was found to have a stimulant action on the smooth
      muscle. The action seems to be a direct one.

PMID- 977083
TI  - Comparative studies on different small intestinal oligosaccharidase activities in
      some vertebrates and invertebrates like molluscs.
AB  - Oligosaccharidase activities of the small intestinal mucosal homogenates were
      measured in vertebrates viz fish, toad, garden-lizard (calotes), pigeon, rat and
      some invertebrates viz, molluscsa. Maximum activities of the enzymes Lactase,
      Sucrase and Maltase were found in the mammalian species rat, whereas much less
      activities were found in the non-mammalian vertebrates among which toad shows the
      highest values and garden lizard the lowest. Among the invertebrates Pila globosa
      shows higher values of all the enzymes than Achatina fulica. The results obtained
      have been discussed in the lights of phylogeny and diet habits.

PMID- 977084
TI  - Effect of autonomic drugs on the stress induced acute gastric ulceration in rat.
AB  - Stress ulcers were induced by subjecting rats to forced immobilisation and cold
      (4 degrees to 7 degrees C) for 4 hrs. The nature of drugs which afford varying
      degrees of protection against such ulceration, bring out the complexity of the
      factors involved in the study of pathogenesis of acute gastric ulceration due to
      stress.

PMID- 977085
TI  - Studies on the toxic effects of streptolysin 'O': effect on the contractility of
      isolated and intact mammalian and amphibian heart.
AB  - The effect of streptolysin O (a streptococcal exotoxin) on the myocardial
      contractility of isolated and intact mammalian and amphibian heart has been
      investigated. Streptolysin O caused marked reduction or complete cessation of
      myocardial contractility of mammalian and amphibian heart both in vivo and in
      vitro. The effect of submaximal doses of streptolysin O on isolated atria was
      reversible after repeated washings and the myocardial depressant effect of
      streptolysin O on isolated atria was reversible after repeated washings and the
      myocardial depressant effect of streptolysin O was not antagonised by atropine.
      These observations would suggest that streptolysin O is cardiotoxic and may be
      involved in the causation of myocardial failure associated with acute rheumatic
      fever in man.

PMID- 977086
TI  - Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine on blood sugar level and
      hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis of rats.
AB  - Intraventricular injection of histamine and normal saline in rats caused a marked
      fall in adrenal ascorbic acid indicating a stimulatory effect of both on
      pituitary adrenal axis. Intraventricularly injected histamine caused significant
      hypoglycaemia also in rats as compared to control series.

PMID- 977087
TI  - A preliminary report on the antiarrhythmic action of some newly synthesized
      glutarimide compounds.
AB  - The effects of a new series of glutarimide compounds have been studied in
      acetylcholine induced auricular fibrillation in anaesthetized cats and
      epinephrine induced ventricular arrhythmmias in conscious pigeons. Some of the
      compounds showed varying degree of protective action against experimental
      arrhythmias. However these compounds were found to be less potent than quinidine.
      The mechanism of antiarrhythmic action has been discussed.

PMID- 977088
TI  - Acetylcholine content of the brain and visceral organs of the teleostean fish;
      Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus.
AB  - The acetylcholine content of various organs of two teleostean fish,
      Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus has been estimated biologically on
      the eserinized frog rectus muscle. The acetylcholine content in the stomach of
      both the fish was 0.341 and 0.22 mug/g, respectively. Values were lower than
      those of other parts of the alimentary tract. The ilia contained the most
      acetylcholine, being 0.644 and 0.551 mug/g respectively, for the two fish. In the
      brain, heart, kidney and liver of both the fish, a considerable amount of
      acetylcholine was detected. Acetylcholine was not found in the spleen of Clarias
      batrachus, but it was present in the spleen of Heteropneustes fossilis.

PMID- 977089
TI  - Colorimetric determination of piperazine.
AB  - A sensitive method for the quantitative determination of piperazine is described.
      The method is precise and responds linearly from 25 g to 500 mug and above of the
      material. The procedure is based on the formation of a complex of piperazine with
      reineckate in neutral or acid medium. The complex can be separated by
      centrifugation. It is then dissolved in acetone and estimated at 530 nm in a
      colorimeter. Piperazine present in trichloroacetic acid extractrs of biological
      samples can also be estimated by this method.

PMID- 977090
TI  - Glycine transport in reserpinized rat brain in vitro.

PMID- 977092
TI  - Morbidity in relation to family income.

PMID- 977091
TI  - Family size as determinant of morbidity in children.

PMID- 977093
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in neurological disorders
      in children.

PMID- 977094
TI  - Nutritional status of residential school children in Andhra Pradesh-- a rural
      study.

PMID- 977095
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in clinical pediatrics.

PMID- 977096
TI  - Treatment of congenital posterior urethral valves by "pressure necrosis".

PMID- 977097
TI  - A study of Indian childhood cirrhosis of liver.

PMID- 977098
TI  - Clinical experience with minocycline in respiratory infections.

PMID- 977099
TI  - Phototherapy--current status in the treatment of neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 977100
TI  - Niemann-Pick's disease: a case report.

PMID- 977101
TI  - The Kocher--Debre--Semelaigne syndrome: a case report.

PMID- 977102
TI  - Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: a case report.

PMID- 977103
TI  - Juvenile spinal muscular atrophy (Wohlfart Kugelberg Welander Disease): a case
      report.

PMID- 977104
TI  - Salmonella meningitis.

PMID- 977105
TI  - Diagnostic problem.

PMID- 977106
TI  - Ascariasis in a child--an unusual case.

PMID- 977107
TI  - Insight into etio-ecological factors of kwashiorkor in rural communities.

PMID- 977108
TI  - Certain aspects of infant mortality--a prospective study in an urban community.

PMID- 977109
TI  - Health status of children in an urban community.

PMID- 977110
TI  - Studies on blood of newborns during the first week of life.

PMID- 977111
TI  - Prediction of gestational age: a critical evaluation of some external
      morphological and neurological criteria.

PMID- 977112
TI  - Relationship of maternal anaemia, birth weight and perinatal mortality in low
      birth weight neonates: (a hospital study).

PMID- 977113
TI  - A critical analysis of septicemia in infancy.

PMID- 977114
TI  - Nitroblue tetrazolium test in tuberculous and pyogenic meningitis.

PMID- 977115
TI  - Clinical evaluation of children with delayed onset of speech.

PMID- 977116
TI  - Waardenburg's syndrome (case reports and review of literature).

PMID- 977117
TI  - Subcutaneous herniation of gut following blunt abdominal trauma (a case report).

PMID- 977118
TI  - Acute infectious lymphocytosis--a case report.

PMID- 977119
TI  - Agenesis of lung.

PMID- 977120
TI  - Chylous ascitis in infancy--(a case report).

PMID- 977121
TI  - Ovarian cyst in a newborn--an unusual presentation.

PMID- 977122
TI  - Infant mortality.

PMID- 977123
TI  - Relationship of capsular type to biochemical and immunological properties of
      teichoic acid preparations from unencapsulated strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - We investigated the biochemical and immunological characteristics of teichoic
      acid preparations (TAP) obtained from four unencapsulated strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus which nonetheless, according to the serum-soft agar
      technique, produced capsular type antigen and were representative of the four
      types A, B, C, and D. In the agar diffusion test, TAP of each strain produced a
      single precipitin line only against rabbit antisera corresponding to the
      homologous capsular type; no lines were observed against antisera to the
      heterologous capsular type. All TAP were ribitol type except one, glycerol,
      prepared from a capsular type D strain. Major acetylglucosaminyl residues of TAP
      from strains having capsular type A and C antigens were attached to the
      polyribitol phosphate by beta-linkage, whereas TAP from a type B antigen strain
      had an alpha-linkage; type D antigen was attached to the polyglycerol phosphate
      by the beta-linkage. Chemical analyses and infrared spectrograms of these TAP
      further confirmed their heterogeneous nature.

PMID- 977124
TI  - Establishment and distribution of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii
      in the human oral cavity.
AB  - The intraoral establishment and proportional distribution of suspected
      periodontal pathogens Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii were
      studied using a recently developed differential plating medium, CNAC-20. Saliva
      and dental plaque samples were collected from 108 subjects ranging in age from
      infants to young adults; tongue and buccal mucosa samples were collected from
      only the adult subjects. Catalase-negative A. naeslundii was isolated from 40% of
      the predentate infants' and almost all other subjects' saliva samples. It
      predominated among CNAC-20 isolates in the saliva of subjects of all age groups,
      in the plaques of young children, and in the adult tongue samples. In contrast,
      catalase-positive A. viscosus was not isolated from predentate infant samples,
      and its frequency of isolation increased slowly with age (greater than 50%
      detection by age 7). A. viscosus was isolated in highest relative proportions
      from dental plaque and buccal mucosa samples. The two closely related species A.
      viscosus and A. naeslundii apparently differ in respect to factors determining
      the host age at which they colonize and their relative intraoral distribution in
      humans.

PMID- 977125
TI  - Bacterial decontamination and antileukemic therapy of AKR mice.
AB  - Four nonabsorbable antibiotics (streptomycin, neomycin, bacitracin, and
      amphotericin B) and a germicidal dip solution (Zephiran chloride/water) were used
      to eliminate all the detectable bacteria from conventional AKR mice. Control mice
      were not decontaminated and were used as such. When antibiotic-decontaminated and
      control mice developed clinical manifestations of spontaneous lymphatic leukemia,
      each was treated for the disease with an antitumor drug (cyclophosphamide [CP])
      at weekly intervals. With the decontamination procedure, mice of each of the two
      groups became bacteria-free after 16 weeks of continuous oral administration of
      the antibiotics and two separate germicidal dippings. All decontaminated mice
      remained free of bacteria throughout the experiment. The bacterial flora of the
      control mice remained unaltered. With CP therapy, the mean survival time of the
      female decontaminated mice was 65 days, whereas that of male mice was 218 days.
      The average survival time of the CP-treated control leukemic mice was 51 days.
      Untreated decontaminated or control mice usually died of leukemia within 7 days
      after the onset of symptoms of leukemia. Although CP therapy was not curative, it
      did prolong the life expectancy of the decontaminated mice significantly.

PMID- 977126
TI  - Blastogenic response of human lymphocytes to oral bacterial antigens:
      characterization of bacterial sonicates.
AB  - Soluble sonicate supernatant preparations were made from Actinomyces viscosus
      (ATCC 19246), A. naeslundii (ATCC 12104), two strains of Veillonella alcalescens
      (strain HV-1 and a human oral isolate), Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556), S.
      mutans (strain 6715-T2), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (strain K110), and
      Leptotrichia buccalis (isolated from human dental plaque). These supernatants
      were characterized with reference to their chemical and antigenic components and
      their biological activity determined by using in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis
      as a measure of the host's cellular immune response. The sonicate supernatant of
      each bacterium contained protein, neutral sugars, methylpentose, and nucleic
      acids. Protein was the major component in all except L. buccalis, in which
      neutral sugars predominated. The antigenic components in each supernatant were
      detected by using rabbit antisera prepared against the whole bacteria and the
      sonicate supernatant. The supernatants showed a complex antigenic distribution on
      immunoelectrophoretic analysis. The supernatants were shown to be antigenic and
      not mitogenic in nature, since neither cord blood lymphocytes nor all adult
      lymphocytes were stimulated. The supernatant antigen preparations showed a
      reproducible, dose-dependent, and kinetic response in vitro, which was similar to
      that seen with the antigen preparation streptokinase-streptodornase.

PMID- 977127
TI  - Isolation of a temperature-sensitive dengue-2 virus under conditions suitable for
      vaccine development.
AB  - Dengue virus, type 2, in viremic human sera and after passage in cell cultures
      produces mixtures of small and large plaques when assayed in LLC-MK2 cells.
      Clones of dengue virus type 2 obtained by plaque selection in primary green
      monkey kidney cell cultures were tested for temperature sensitivity in vitro and
      for virulence by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. Sublines of a small
      plaque clone were found to have lower nonpermissive temperatures than the parent
      virus by both plaque formation and release of infectious virus into the culture
      media. Small-plaque sublines were significantly less virulent in suckling mice
      than was the parent virus. Sublines from a large-plaque clone were not
      temperature sensitive and closely resembled parent virus mixed-plaque morphology.
      When small-plaque sublines were serially passaged using undiluted inocula,
      reversion occurred as evidenced by the appearance of large plaques and return of
      mouse virulence. Small-plaque virus could be maintained through several serial
      passages without reversion by using low-input inocula. Desirable passage history
      as well as temperature-sensitive and attentuation characteristics of the S-1
      small-plaque subline make it appear suitable as a vaccine candidate virus.

PMID- 977128
TI  - Synthesis and release of sulfolipid by Mycobacterium avium during growth andcell
      division.
AB  - Mycobacterium avium exhibits a life cycle wherein small cells elongate to form
      filaments. The life cycle is unique in that elongated cells will undergo rapid
      division by fragmentation only if fatty acid is present. The utilization of
      [14C]palmitic acid and [3H]oleic acid by M. avium during the life cycle was
      assessed. Four glycolipids, identifiable by elution patterns from hydroxylapatite
      columns, were associated with postfission cells and contained isotope from the
      precursor fatty acid. The incorporation of 3H from oleic acid into the cellular
      glycolipids was maximal during cell division, but as much as 73% of the
      radioactivity was lost to the lipids from cells in the postfission status. Three
      of the glycolipids were sulfatides into which 36S was incorporated by M. avium.
      The [35]sulfatides were synthesized by cells undergoing fragmentation and were
      recovered from the medium at the termination of cell fission. These results
      demonstrated that the isotope was not lost to the cells because of turnover, but
      rather that the labeled compounds were released, intact, from the cells after
      fission. Because of the facile release of the sulfolipids, it was suggested that
      they were part of the cell envelope of M. avium cells during the division
      process.

PMID- 977129
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for toxoplasmosis.
AB  - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for toxoplasmosis has been developed, and the
      results show good correlation with the indirect hemagglutination test.

PMID- 977130
TI  - Chromosomal determinants for exfoliative toxin production in two strains of
      staphylococci.
AB  - Strain TG is a plasmidless exfoliative toxin (ET) producer. Strain ER201 contains
      a plasmid, whose loss had no apparent effect on ET production. The plasmid of
      ER201 was almost identical in size to the plasmid from strain UT0007, which
      carries an ET determinant.

PMID- 977131
TI  - Duration of antibody responses to common enterobacterial and O antigens of
      children with pyogenic peritonitis.
AB  - Children with pyogenic peritonitis folloiwng appendicits produce antibodies
      against the common enterobacterial antigen (CA) in unusually high titers when
      compared to patients with salmonellosis, shigellosis, or urinary tract infection.
      The duration of this antibody response was determined in 19 children observed
      over a period of up to 31 months after the acute illness. CA antibody titers
      decreased significantly in 70% of the patients during the first year and in 91%
      of those studied between 13 and 31 months after the infection. In the majority
      (71%) of patients the antibody titers returned to pre- or near pre-infection
      levels within 31 months after the acute illness. Only in a few patients (19%)
      were near maximal titers maintained during the observation period. The titers of
      antibodies against the O antigens of the infecting microorganisms also decreased
      in the majority of subjects during the follow-up period of observation. These
      findings may be of importance in connection with studies on the immune response
      of patients with urinary tract and other infections.

PMID- 977132
TI  - Clinical experience in detecting endotoxemia with the limulus test in typhoid
      fever and other Salmonella infections.
AB  - Semiquantitative estimates of circulating endotoxin were performed by the limulus
      test in patients suffering from typhoid fever and other salmonelloses. The test
      was positive in a large number of cases. However, no clearcut correlation was
      found between existence of endotoxemia, as such, and pyrexia. A correlation with
      recent bacteremia was found for highest levels of endotoxin activity. In minor
      salmonelloses a striking prevalence of positive cases was observed in the age
      group under one year. These findings were discussed in relation to the diagnostic
      and pathogenetic facets of the problem.

PMID- 977133
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin, a new semisynthetic, wide-spectrum antibiotic
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Azlocillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial
      activity and a member of the ureidopenicillin group, was administered to ten
      adults in a dosage of 2 g by intravenous bolus injection. The determination of
      antibiotic activity in serum and urine demonstrated an average concentration of
      58.9 mug/ml after one hour, 28.1 mug/ml after two hours and 6.1 mug/ml after four
      hours. The total urinary excretion was 60% within six hours. The pharmacokinetic
      parameters were calculated for the one and two compartment models, respectively.
      Mathematical analysis according to an open two-compartment model resulted in
      better curve adjustment as judged from the sum of the deviant squares. The
      resulting parameters for volume of distribution and rate of elimination show only
      minor differences however. Similar results were seen on comparison with the
      respective data for ampicillin.

PMID- 977134
TI  - Clinical study on the antifungal activity of griseofulvin in the presence of
      surfactants.
AB  - Scales were taken from 128 human volunteers suffering from ringworm infections
      and grown on Sabourand's media to determine the type of organisms causing the
      disease. Groups of 32 patients each were treated for sixty days with griseofulvin
      tablets containing dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, cetyl pyridinium chloride and
      polysorbate 80 respectively, while another group of 32 was given tablets
      containing griseofulvin only for the same period. The subjects treated with
      griseofulvin tablets containing surfactants showed a higher rate of cure than
      those treated with griseofulvin alone.

PMID- 977135
TI  - Screening for mumps immunity with the microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A solid phase radioimmunoassay on microtiter plates was adapted for the
      estimation of mumps antibodies using commercially available complement-fixing
      mumps antigen. The sensitivity of the test is superior to that of
      hemagglutination inhibition and lies in the same range as the virus
      neutralization test performed on chick fibroblasts. The method is useful for
      screening large series of human sera, for instance in connection with vaccination
      programs.

PMID- 977136
TI  - Gonorrhoea in the asymptomatic patient: presentation and the role of contact
      tracing for heterosexual men and women and for homosexual men.
AB  - Clinically silent gonorrhoea is the major problem in the control of the disease.
      Only 12 per cent of infected women reported in 1974 because of symptoms, compared
      with 97 per cent of infected heterosexual men and only 35 per cent of homosexual
      men with gonococcal proctitis alone. Homosexual men, compared with heterosexual
      men, had twice as many subsequent sexual contacts after infection and had a
      higher incidence of early syphilis. Eighty-four per cent had experienced passive
      anorectal intercourse. Ninety-seven per cent of men with gonococcal urethritis
      reported because of symptoms, but occasionally (particularly after unsuccessful
      treatment) urethral gonorrhoea in men may be clinically silent and even require
      tests of the overnight urethral secretion for diagnosis. For women, and for
      homosexual men who have had passive anorectal (or oral) intercourse, the
      indication for attendance for tests for gonorrhoea should be having run the risk,
      and not the presence of symptoms. Routine tests of the anorectum for gonorrhoea
      are essential in cases of 80 women at risk, and for most homosexual men since
      over 80 per cent of these men will have had passive anorectal intercourse.
      Because gonococcal infections following treatment-failure are often clinically
      silent in both women and men, symptoms cannot be relied upon to indicate such
      failure. Follow-up smears and cultures are always essential.

PMID- 977137
TI  - Toxicity of and biological monitoring for 1,3-diamino-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene and
      other nitro-amino derivatives of benzene and chlorobenzene.

PMID- 977138
TI  - Experimental study on contact dermatitis caused by dithiocarbamates maneb,
      mancozeb, zineb, and their related compounds.

PMID- 977139
TI  - Comparative toxicity of metal stearates.

PMID- 977140
TI  - Simultaneous exposure to airborne flour particles and thermal load as cause of
      respiratory impairment.

PMID- 977141
TI  - The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of xylenes in man.

PMID- 977142
TI  - Exposure test for xylenes.

PMID- 977143
TI  - Studies on chronic carbon disulfide poisoning. A 5-year follow-up study on
      retinopathy due to carbon disulfide.

PMID- 977144
TI  - Angina pectoris, electrocardiographic findings and blood pressure in Finnish and
      Japanese workers exposed to carbon disulfide.

PMID- 977145
TI  - [The blood lead level of mothers and their newborns and the amount of lead in the
      tissue of human placenta in relation to the environment (author's transl)].

PMID- 977146
TI  - [Physiological and psychological effects of passive smoking (author's transl)].

PMID- 977147
TI  - Hemolysis in vitro in the study of fibrogenity of industrial dusts.

PMID- 977148
TI  - Effects of various mineral dusts on macrophages in vitro.

PMID- 977149
TI  - [The analyses of aluminum in serum and urine for monitoring of exposed persons
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 977150
TI  - [Effect of NO2 in workroom concentrations on respiratory mechanics and bronchial
      susceptibility to acetylcholine in normal persons (author's transl)].

PMID- 977151
TI  - Alveolar air and blood toluene concentration in rotogravure workers.

PMID- 977152
TI  - Hierarchic analysis of variance in the classification of industrial environmental
      hazards.

PMID- 977153
TI  - Identification of two urine metabolites of vinyl chloride by GC-MS
      investigations.

PMID- 977154
TI  - Manpower problems in anesthesiology.

PMID- 977155
TI  - Manpower and examinations in anesthesia.

PMID- 977156
TI  - Systematic anesthesia training: the way it could be.

PMID- 977157
TI  - A survey on certification for anesthetists in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 977158
TI  - Certification of anesthetists in Canada.

PMID- 977159
TI  - The evaluation process in curriculum design.

PMID- 977160
TI  - European Training and staffing in anesthesiology.

PMID- 977161
TI  - Instructional methods and materials.

PMID- 977162
TI  - Test construction.

PMID- 977163
TI  - Test score and item analysis.

PMID- 977164
TI  - Anesthesia resident training in the United States: the way it is.

PMID- 977165
TI  - China's birth planning campaign leads to major birthrate decline in Shanghai,
      nation's largest city.

PMID- 977166
TI  - Case control study finds long-term pill use is associated with higher risk of
      benign liver tumors.

PMID- 977167
TI  - Sharp drop in U.S. marital fertility in 1960s due to 50 percent reduction in
      unwanted, mistimed births.

PMID- 977168
TI  - IUD users are more apt to get PID than nonusers but incidence still low--about 2
      percent per year.

PMID- 977169
TI  - Fertility drops in four large developing nations even prior to advances in
      economic development.

PMID- 977170
TI  - Increased sales and community acceptance found after display of condoms on open
      store shelves.

PMID- 977171
TI  - Subsidized family planning program has helped U.S. low-income women to reduce
      their fertility.

PMID- 977172
TI  - Six in 10 married Japanese at risk of pregnancy now use contraception; small
      family is the norm.

PMID- 977173
TI  - Description of a computer program for the determination of regional cerebral
      blood flow.
AB  - The regional cerebral blood flow in man was measured, following a short injection
      133 Xenon into the internal carotid, by processing the hemispheric clearance
      curves detected with an Anger gamma-camera. An automatic calculation program is
      described which permits the estimation of the two compartmental blood flows. The
      merits of this procedure are discussed.

PMID- 977174
TI  - Electrocochleography by mathematical modelling.
AB  - The aim of this work is to critically review some of the classical
      electrocochleographic methods in accordance with the systems theory: (a) in
      describing, by means of mathematical models, the different parts of the auditory
      system concerned in the generation of stimulus-evoked signals; and: (b) in
      comparing the outputs of these models with the measurements of the cochlear
      potentials. It must be stated clearly that we realise that many of the
      conclusions drawn could be criticised, it is hoped that future research in the
      field with be stimulated by this work.

PMID- 977175
TI  - Computer-aided anaesthesia administration.
AB  - Certain repetitive tasks of the anaesthesiologist are studied and modelled for
      automatic processing. These analyses make it possible for optimal control
      procedures to be programmed and administered by less trained anaesthesia
      professionals. A dynamic programming model is developed and validated with real
      data collected from several hospitals in the Cleveland, Ohio, area. By
      conjunctively monitoring certain transients in the anaesthesia administration
      process, the scarce supply of anaesthesiology manpower can be more efficiently
      deployed.

PMID- 977176
TI  - Implications of fertility patterns in the Republic of Korea: a study by computer
      simulation.
AB  - Implications of various fertility patterns in the Republic of Korea (ROK) are
      studied by computer simulation. These patterns include the factors: age of
      marriage, sex preference, abortion (induced), contraception and sterilisation. As
      a result of studying a large number of combinations of these factors, the
      following tentative conclusions, among others, are reached. If future cohorts of
      women in the ROK become limiters after two live births and marry according to an
      observed high level marriage distribution, at least two of the methods of birth
      control--abortion, contraception, and sterilisation--will have to be used
      extensively to yield a mean number of live births (MNLB) in these cohorts of the
      order 2-2. However, if these women marry later than the observed high level
      marriage distribution and, in addition, accept effective methods of contraception
      more widely and use them more effectively, then the MNLB experienced by these
      cohorts could move below 2-5 wihtout the extensive utilisation of abortion and
      sterilisation.

PMID- 977177
TI  - Semiautomatic processing of neurophysiological data: part I--a device for
      measuring potential intervals from film.
AB  - This paper describes the operation and construction of an electromechanical
      device designed to make measurements on oscillograph recordings of nerve or
      muscle potentials for subsequent computer analysis. The device consists of a
      motor-driven shaft which moves the record past a fixed cursor, and an electronic
      counter which records the movements of the shaft, thereby providing a cumulative
      tally of the distance of the current position of the cursor from some arbitrary
      origin on the record. When the device is connected to a paper tape punch, the
      operator can punch the distance measurement associated with potential along the
      record onto the tape. The format of data on the tape readily allows further
      analysis by computer.

PMID- 977178
TI  - Day time wheel running activity in laboratory rats following geomagnetic event of
      5-6 July 1974.

PMID- 977179
TI  - Energetics of small body size and high latitude. The rufous hummingbird in
      coastal Alaska.

PMID- 977180
TI  - The effect of weather in modifying the pattern of pasture larval contamination
      with Ostertagia circumcincta.

PMID- 977181
TI  - Pulmonary hypertention, blood coagulation and aspirin treatment in high altitude
      exposed cattle.

PMID- 977182
TI  - Biometerological applications.

PMID- 977183
TI  - The signifiance of meterology in animal production.

PMID- 977185
TI  - The International Society of Biometerology: retrospect, analysis and prospect.

PMID- 977184
TI  - The application of meterology in medical sciences.

PMID- 977186
TI  - Immunosuppression in Burkitt's lymphoma. II. Peripheral blood lymphocyte
      populations related to clinical status.
AB  - We have studied peripheral blood lymphocyte populations, defined in terms of
      their E and EAC' rosette-forming capacity in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and
      controls. Total lymphocyte counts were reduced in patients compared to controls
      (p less than 0.005), and correlated with clinical stage and disease status.
      Presenting patients with Stage D tumours had the lowest levels, while patients in
      remission for at least 18 months had total lymphocyte counts similar to those of
      controls. Absolute numbers of both E and EAC' rosette-forming cells (RFC) were
      reduced, compared to controls, in tumour-bearing patients (p less than 0.0005 for
      both E and EAC' RFC) and also, to a lesser extent, in patients in remission (p
      less than 0.025 and less than 0.05 for E and EAC' RFC respectively). In the case
      of E RFC a significant reduction was present even when patients in remission for
      over 18 months were considered alone (p less than 0.05). Non-RFC were present in
      similar numbers in patients and controls, so that the reduction in total
      lymphocyte count can be accounted for entirely by the reduced numbers of RFC. As
      anticipated by this, percentages of RFC were also reduced in patients compared to
      controls, EAC' RFC to a lesser extent than E RFC. Non-RFC percentages were
      correspondingly increased. Tumour-bearing patients had significantly impaired PHA
      responses and cutaneous reactivity, which correlated significantly with very low
      levels of RFC. One possible explanation for these results is that immunoreactive
      lymphocytes are sequestered within the tumour. This is consistent with the
      immunosuppression observed in tumour-bearing patients, and would also result in
      difficulty in detecting even a powerful tumour-specific immune reaction by means
      of an assay dependent upon the participation of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 977187
TI  - Cancer incidence in Alaska natives.
AB  - A survey of cancer incidence among Alaska Natives for the 5-year period 1969-73
      revealed fewer cancer cases overall than expected in relation to US rates, but
      significantly increased risk for certain cancer sites: the nasopharynx in both
      sexes (with excesses over 15-fold), the liver in males, and the salivary glands,
      gallbladder, kidney and thyroid in females. Compared with earlier reports, the
      observations suggest marked changes in cancer incidence among Alaska Natives over
      the past two decades, with declines in esophageal and invasive cervical cancers,
      and increases in cancers of the lung, colon and rectum.

PMID- 977188
TI  - Survey of human lymphoblastoid cell lines and primary cultures of normal and
      leukaemic leukocytes for oncornavirus production.
AB  - Velocity sedimentation of uridine-labelled cultures was found to be more reliable
      than isopycnic sedimentation in detecting oncornavirus production in lymphoid
      cells. Of 13 cell lines (including six derivea from Burkitt's lymphomas and two
      from leukaemic leukocytes) only one, the leukaemia-derived, Epstein-Barr virus
      producing line QIMR-WIL, showed any activity. The nature of the QIMR-WIL
      particles was further defined by isolation of uridine-labelled 70S RNA and by the
      simultaneous assay for reverse transcriptase and 70S RNA, but production of such
      particles was detected in only three of 10 assays. Pretreatment of cells with 5'
      iododeoxyuridine or culture in arginine-free medium did not induce particle
      production. Syncytia assays using XC cells were negative. Of 13 primary cultures
      (nine samples of leukaemic leukocytes and four of cord leukocytes) treated with
      mitogens and subjected to inducing conditions, one (leukocytes from a patient
      with acute myelogenous leukaemia) showed evidence in successive assays of
      oncornavirus synthesis. The low and transient yield of oncornavirus-like
      particles obtained in this work parallels that reported in previous studies of
      fresh lymphoid cells and primary cultures.

PMID- 977189
TI  - Fc receptor-bearing cells as a reliable marker for quantitation of host
      lymphoreticular infiltration of progressively growing solid tumors.
AB  - Disaggregated cell suspensions made from transplanted solid tumors, either
      chemically-induced fibrosarcomas, or spontaneous mammary carcinomas, can contain
      very high numbers of Fc receptor-bearing cells which are of host origin. Because
      most types of lymphoreticular cells have Fc receptors, and because T cells--most
      of which are Fc receptor-negative--appear to infiltrate such tumors only to a
      very limited degree, the possibility that Fc receptor cells could serve as a
      reliable and simple marker for host lymphoreticular cell infiltration of solid
      tumors was tested. This was accomplished by comparing the ratios of Fc rosetting
      cells to serologically detectable host cells in H2d or H2k haplotype tumor cell
      suspensions grown in (H2d X H2k)f1 hybrid mice, where host cells could be
      distinguished from tumor cells by treatment with the appropriate anti-H2 serum.
      Ratios of 0.8 to 1.08 were obtained for four different tumors including the SaD/2
      fibrosarcoma, a CBA spontaneous fibrosarcoma, and the T1699 and CaD/2 mammary
      carcinomas. Analysis of the results showed that enumeration of Fc rosettes was a
      reliable host cell maker for at least three of the four tumors tested. The mean
      non-malignant host cell content of the various tumors, as assessed by anti-H2
      cytotoxicity tests, ranged from 23% to 41%.

PMID- 977190
TI  - Canine testicular tumors: epidemiologic features of 410 dogs.
AB  - Histologically confirmed testicular tumors were diagnosed in 410 dogs from 12
      North American veterinary university hospitals and clinics. Three tumor-cell
      types, Sertoli cell tumor, interstitial cell tumor and seminoma, were about
      equally represented. Several breeds were identified with high risk for different
      testicular tumor-cell types. Cytogenetic and immunogenetic studies of these dog
      families could offer leads applicable to familial testicular cancer in man. The
      multiplicity of breeds within the series suggests that, as in man, other factors,
      in addition to hereditary, play a role in etiology. Cryptorchid dogs appear to
      have a 13.6 times higher risk of testicular tumor than normal dogs. Additionally,
      male dogs with an inguinal hernia have an increased risk (4.7) of testis tumors.
      There were no detectable excesses of other urogenital anomalies or urogenital
      tumors among the series. The Shetland Sheepdog is suggested as an appropriate
      model for research into the mechanisms responsible for testicular maldescent and
      tumorigenesis.

PMID- 977191
TI  - In vitro generation of primary and secondary cytotoxic cell-mediated immune
      responses to chemically induced mouse sarcomas.
AB  - Mixtures of lymph node and spleen cells from normal (untreated) BALB/c mice and
      from BALB/c mice whose syngeneic tumors had been excised 7-28 days previously
      ("tumor-excised mice"), were sensitized in vitro by cultivation for 9 days with
      cells from syngeneic, methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. The in vitro
      sensitized lymphoid cells were tested in a 36-h microcytotoxicity assay for
      reactivity against target cells carrying the sensitizing tumor antigens, as well
      as against control target cells lacking these antigens. After co-cultivation with
      tumor cells, lymphoid cells from both normal and tumor-excised mice were
      cytotoxic to tumor cells carrying the sensitizing antigens. The cytotoxicity was
      generally specific, and occurred at low effector: target cell ratios (in some
      experiments down to 1:1). When lymphoid cells from tumor-excised mice were
      exposed in vitro for 9 days to cells carrying the same antigens as those which
      were originally present on the surgical excised tumors, the effector cells
      obtained gave a dose-dependent cytotoxic response suggestive of a linear
      relationship. When lymphoid cells from normal mice were similarly sensitized for
      9 days, specifically cytotoxic lymphoid cells were generated but no linear dose
      dependent response was detected.

PMID- 977192
TI  - Lung tumour incidence in mice treated with hydrazine sulphate.
AB  - Lung tumour incidence in mice fed with hydrazine sulphate (1.1 mg/day/mouse) was
      studied in male and female mice of Swiss, Strong "A" and F1 cross of ICRC
      (female) X C3H (Jax) (male), as well as in C17 males. Swiss strain mice showed
      100% lung adenocarcinomas. None of the treated mice of different strains had
      liver tumours. Hydrazine sulphate also induced adenocarcinomas of lung in Strong
      "A" and F1 cross of ICRC females X C3H (Jax) males but it produced lymphomas of
      lung in C17 strain. Female mice of Swiss strain and F1 hybrids showed greater
      susceptibility to hydrazine sulphate than the males. It was interesting to
      observe that protein and vitamin B deficiency in the diet shortened the tumour
      induction period in Swiss strain mice.

PMID- 977193
TI  - Group psychotherapy and changing social values.

PMID- 977194
TI  - Group therapy for socially anxious and unassertive young veterans.

PMID- 977195
TI  - The effects of Gestalt awareness training on experiencing levels.

PMID- 977196
TI  - An experience in teaching adolescent group psychotherapy: observers become
      participants.

PMID- 977197
TI  - A multiple therapy approach in work with children.

PMID- 977198
TI  - The group psychotherapy literature: 1975.

PMID- 977199
TI  - Changes in phosphorus metabolism during the tumor growth inhibition by metabolic
      acidosis.
AB  - Ammonium chloride-induced metabolic acidosis produces an increase of the
      phosphorus turnover rate in tumor tissue. The lower blood protein-bound 32P seems
      to indicate that the high phospholipid turnover observed in tumor may be related
      to an increased molecular degradation. It seems likely that this phenomenon
      together with the augmented release of phospholipid-bound calcium may induce
      important changes in the cell membrane behavior.

PMID- 977200
TI  - Serum calcium balance during early phase of diphenylhydantoin therapy.
AB  - The timing of anticonvulsant-induced disturbances of calcium metabolism was
      investigated in ten epileptics before diphenylhydantoin therapy and during it for
      up to three years. There was a significant decrease in average serum calcium and
      an increase in average serum alkaline phosphatase one month after the
      commencement of the therapy, these values remaining constant thereafter.
      Decreased serum inorganic phosphate and elevated hydroxyproline levels were also
      seen in the patients during the followup. At any time after the start of the drug
      therapy, 10 to 40 per cent of the patients had abnormalities in one or more of
      these parameters. The findings suggest that prophylactic therapy with vitamin D
      is indicated from the earliest phase of anticonvulsant therapy to prevent the
      development of bone disease.

PMID- 977201
TI  - [Psychopharmacological studies on the interactions between alcohol and oxazepam
      with regard to reaction behavior. 1st communication. Changes of psychomotor
      coordination and reaction behavior].
AB  - The interactions between oxazepam and ethanol were investigated in a
      pharmacopsychological study. The results of the psycho-experimental
      investigations are reported in this paper. The effects of oxazepam and/or ethanol
      doses given to 14 subjects with known blood concentrations of the respective
      substances were monitored and compared to placebo effects. - An analysis of the
      experiments with respect to the psychomotoric responses showed a tendency towards
      motoric instability under ethanol (A), whereas in the placebo experiment a
      relatively constant level of efficiency was maintained. In the oxazepam
      experiment (C) a slowing of the psychomotoric functions was observed. The
      concomitant influence of ethanol and oxazepam accentuates the motoric instability
      with a delay of the motoric responses. These effects remain visible, though
      slightly modified, after the administration of both substances at intervals (E).
      The experiments showed a decrease in efficiency during continuous exercise, a
      delayed response to optic and acoustic stimuli, and a retardation of the entire
      behavioral pattern under the influence of ethanol and oxazepam. The results
      indicate the existence of marked interactions between ethanol and oxazepam.

PMID- 977202
TI  - Cytological effect of nogalamycin in mammals and regression of methylcholanthrene
      induced and spontaneous tumors in rats.
AB  - The cytological effect of nogalamycin was studied in rats, mice and cultured
      human leukocytes. Four standard test systems were used: (1) Analysis of
      spermatogonial cells, (2) Cytological evaluation of bone-marrow metaphase plates,
      (3) micronucleus test in polychromatic erythrocytes, and (4) Determination of
      chromosomal aberrations in cultured human leukocytes. The results of the studies
      indicated that the types and frequencies of cytological errors induced by the
      drug were not significantly different from the concurrent controls. Chemically
      induced fibrosarcoma tumors and tumors of spontaneous origin in rats were
      successfully regressed following the administration of nogalamycin. Simultaneous
      transplantation of chemically induced fibrosarcoma tumors and intraperitoneal
      administration of nogalamycin, irreversibly inhibited growth of primary tumors in
      rats. The most effective concentration of nogalamycin for either regression of
      actively growing fibrosarcoma tumors or inhibition of transplanted fibrosarcoma
      cells was 556 mug/kg of body weight.

PMID- 977203
TI  - The increasing interest in microbial skin disease.

PMID- 977204
TI  - Perspectives in dermatology: Switzerland (1972-1975).

PMID- 977205
TI  - Nomenclature of cutaneous micrococcaceae: on the brink of chaos.

PMID- 977206
TI  - Pigmented cosmetic dermatitis.

PMID- 977207
TI  - The fine page.

PMID- 977208
TI  - Secondary syphilis appearing as a solitary plaque of the nose.

PMID- 977209
TI  - Dermatology in Tanzania: a model for other developing countries.

PMID- 977210
TI  - Photochemotherapy (PUVA) and psoriasis: comparison of 8-MOP and 8-MOP/5-MOP.
AB  - Twenty-eight psoriatic patients received PUVA treatment (psoralen and long
      ultraviolet irradiations. Two preparations were used; 8-methoxypsoralen and a
      mixture of 5-methoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen. Both gave considerable
      improvement, but in 6 cases the lesions reappeared after 2 to 8 weeks, in spite
      of maintenance treatment. In this report, photochemotherapy of psoriasis was
      compared, using a UVA emitting lamp, 8-MOP, and a mixture of 8-MOP and 5
      methoxypsoralen (5-MOP).

PMID- 977211
TI  - Trimethoxypsoralen in vitiligo.
AB  - The treatment of vitiligo has been unsatisfactory. Introduction of systemic
      furocoumarins to treatment regimens has given very promising results.
      Trimethylpsoralen has been found to be more potent than 8-methoxypsoralen. In
      cases studied, ultraviolet irradiation of affected sites following topical
      application of trimethylpsoralen was found to hasten the process of
      repigmentation. Simultaneous treatment of underlying disease produced a quicker
      response followed by sustained relief.

PMID- 977212
TI  - Leucocyte ascorbic acid in abnormal leucocyte states.
AB  - Leucocyte ascorbic acid was estimated in patients with abnormal leucocyte states
      and other haematological disorders. Levels below the normal range were found in
      most cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia and chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
      Subnormal levels were found in more than a third of patients with acute
      leukaemias, lymphomas, glandular fever, myelofibrosis, and polycythaemia, and in
      the same proportion of patients receiving cytotoxic drugs, and also in those with
      a polymorph leucocytosis and those with purpura. Most patients with anaemia but a
      normal leucocyte count, and those with myelomatosis had normal levels. The
      majority of pregnant women tested had subnormal levels. In a wide variety of
      leucocyte disorders the leucocyte ascorbic acid may not be an accurate index of
      the body's Vitamin C status. The results also support the supposition that
      leucocyte ascorbic acid is mostly carried by normal mature polymorphs.

PMID- 977213
TI  - L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbate 2-sulfate, and atherogenesis.
AB  - Rabbits on a high cholesterol diet were divided into three groups: one group
      received subcutaneous injections of physiological saline 3 times/day, 5 days/wk
      for 10 wk; another group received subcutaneous injections of L-ascorbic acid
      (0.37 mmole) according to the same timetable; and the third group was
      administered an equivalent amount of L-ascorbate 2-sulfate as outlined above.
      Each week the serum levels of total and free cholesterol and triglycerides were
      measured. At the end of 10 wk the animals were killed and the cholesterol content
      of the livers, spleens, and adrenal glands was measured. The aortas were examined
      for plaque deposition; the deposits were excised and pooled according to groups;
      and the total mass and cholesterol contents of the pooled plaques were
      determined. Administration of ascorbic acid or ascorbate 2-sulfate did not
      prevent hypercholesterolemia or elevated levels of serum triglycerides. No
      significant differences among the groups were found either in tissue cholesterol
      levels or in the extent or type of lesions found. Although plaque deposition
      appeared to be similar in the aortas of these animals, a marked difference was
      found in total mass and cholesterol content of the plaques: The plaques of the
      saline-treated group had a total mass and cholesterol content approximately 2.5
      times that found in the group injected with ascorbic acid and about 1.5 times
      that found in the animals treated with ascorbate 2-sulfate. These results
      indicate that ascorbic acid, in particular, minimizes the total quantity of
      plaque deposition even though it is ineffective in preventing
      hypercholesterolemia, elevated serum triglycerides, and accumulation of
      cholesterol by several tissues.

PMID- 977214
TI  - Effects of L-lysine administration on certain aspects of ascorbic acid
      metabolism.
AB  - The effects of administration of L-lysine on total ascorbic acid level of various
      tissues and plasma of rats were studied. The biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid by
      the liver tissue was also followed. L-lysine was administered at a dose of 88.3
      mg day-1 (20% of LD50) for each 100 g body weight for 14 days. L-lysine
      administration at the present dose elevated the total ascorbic acid level of
      liver, kidney, testes, spleen and brain tissues. The plasma total ascorbic acid
      level was also elevated. The synthesis of L-ascorbic acid from both D
      glucuronolactone and L-gulonolactone by the liver was, however, reduced after L
      lysine administration. It has been suggested that L-lysine administration at the
      present dose altered the plasma amino acid pattern which in turn impaired the in
      vivo synthesis of tissue proteins and, consequently, the synthesis of apoproteins
      of ascorbic acid-synthesizing enzymes, the D-glucuronoreductase and L
      gulonooxidase, were reduced. The elevation in the total ascorbic acid level of
      extra-hepatic tissues and plasma after L-lysine administration was ascribed to
      the reduced catabolism and diminished urinary excretion of ascorbic acid.

PMID- 977215
TI  - Cardiac and renal pentose phosphate pathway activity in thiamine deficiency.
AB  - Thiamine deficiency was produced in young rats by feeding a thiamine deficient
      diet. At a time when neurological symptoms were severe, and cardiac and renal
      transketolase activities were decreased, the animals were sacrificed. Glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities, and flux
      through the pentose phosphate pathway were similar in pair-fed control and
      thiamine deficient rats. These data suggest that altered pentose phosphate
      pathway activity is not a vital feature of murine thiamine deficiency.

PMID- 977216
TI  - Liver and brain thiamin depletion and neurologic signs in pigeon athiaminosis.
AB  - Blood pyruvate and free and phosphorylated thiamin contents of liver and brain
      were measured in pigeons during diatary thiamin deficiency. Neurologic signs
      (opisthotonus and ataxia) appeared in the course of thiamin deficiency or did not
      appear at all during the entire athiaminosis period. As compared to respective
      controls, which never exhibited any neurologic abnormalities in spite of thiamin
      deficiency, the symptomatic animals had a higher pyruvate level in blood and a
      significantly lower phosphorylated thiamin content in both liver and brain. A
      hypothesis on relationship between phosphorylated thiamin content of liver and
      brain and occurence of nervous symptoms was expressed.

PMID- 977217
TI  - Biotin deficiency in chicks fed a wheat-based diet.
AB  - A wheat-based diet produced severe biotin deficiency symptoms appearing at the
      age of ten to fourteen days and becoming very severe in the third and fourth week
      (group 1). Biotin supplementation with 50 mug/kg (group 2) reduced the symptoms
      almost completely, but did not restore completely growth compared to chicks
      receiving the diet supplemented with 300 mug biotin/kg compared to chicks
      receiving the diet supplemented with 300 mug biotin/kg (group 3). The plasma
      level of biotin was about, or lower than, 100 ng/100 ml plasma in groups 1 and 2,
      indicating biotin deficiency. In group 3, plasma biotin was above 200 ng/100 ml.
      Liver biotin, after two weeks, was low in group 1 (less than 600 ng/g), medium in
      group 2 (1000 to 1500 ng/g) and in group 3 above 2000 ng/g. Plasma and liver
      biotin levels are found to be suitable parameters for diagnosis of subclinical
      biotin deficiency in chicks.

PMID- 977218
TI  - [Effects of a high dose of vitamin A on experimental immunologic arthritis].
AB  - Vitamin A, a good adjuvant to immunologic reactions, has in this aspect an
      interesting therapeutic effect, especially in immunotherapy. On the other hand,
      in diseases caused by circulating immunocomplexes or in auto-immune diseases,
      vitamin A can prolong the pathologic immunologic process. This experimental study
      shows that vitamin A in high doses has an adjuvant effect, that is aggravating
      considerably the immunologic arthritis induced in the Wistar rat.

PMID- 977219
TI  - Retinyl palmitate, a major retinyl ester in rat testis seminiferous tubules. II.
      The Sertoli cell, site of retinol esterification.
AB  - The study was designed to 1) isolate and quantitate retinyl esters normally
      present in the testis seminiferous tubules (ST) and 2) determine whether the
      Sertoli (SE) cells in the ST have the enzyme system necessary to esterify
      retinol. In the first study testes from normal adult male rats were removed, the
      ST were isolated mechanically and retinol was extracted and separated into free
      and retinyl esters in a prestandardized alumina column. The fraction containing
      retinyl esters was hydrolyzed, and the fatty acid composition was determined gas
      chromatographically. The results showed that retinyl palmitate was the major
      retinyl ester in the testis ST constituting almost 55% of the total esters. In
      the second study adult male rats were given Busulfan (1,4,
      dimethylsulfonoxybutane) intraperitoneally twice six weeks apart. At the end of
      six weeks following injection, the testes from a few animals were examined
      histologically, and the results showed that Busulfan treatment destroyed the
      germinal epithelium completely but had no effect on the structural integrity of
      the SE cells. Labeled retinol (free) mixed in rat albumin solution was injected
      intratesticularly (in vivo study) or incubated (in vitro study) with ST which had
      been isolated from the testes of rats treated with Busulfan. The results of the
      studies indicate that labeled retinol (free) was converted to retinyl esters in
      the ST. Since the ratio of conversion of free retinol (labeled) to retinyl esters
      remained constant in the treated ST (which contained only Sertoli cells, the
      germinal epithelium having been destroyed) and in the control ST (which contained
      both Sertoli cells and germinal epithelium), we conclude that the Sertoli cells
      are the site of retinol esterification in the testis ST.

PMID- 977220
TI  - Regulatory action of phenylbenzo-gamma-pyrone (PBP) derivatives on blood
      constituents affecting rheology in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
AB  - In patients with CHD the hematological and serum chemical profiles showed
      significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) serum cholesterols, highly
      significantly increased hematocrits (P less than 0.025 to P less than 0.001) and
      the erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) (red cell aggregation) along with
      several blood constituents causal of erythrocyte aggregation were significantly
      elevated (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.025). Thus, major defects were
      elevated serum cholesterol, increased blood viscosity and reduced tissue
      perfusion which present evidence implicates as interactive factors in the
      pathogenesis of CHD. Methoxylated PBP derivatives exhibited a highly significant
      antiadhesive action (P less than 0.001) on erythrocytes and certain PBP
      hydroxylated glycosides showed a significant accelerating (P less than 0.05)
      action on erythrocyte aggregation which causes sequestration and reduced
      erythrocyte concentration. Thus, the PBP derivatives exert an apparent regulatory
      action on erythrocyte aggregation and concentration, two major factors affecting
      blood viscosity and flow. The PBP compounds occur in plants and are found in
      certain foods which suggests dietary control of the blood high viscosity
      syndrome.

PMID- 977221
TI  - The effect of non-protein food constituents on the nutritive value of radiation
      sterilized casein.
AB  - The effect of radiation sterilization on casein alone and in the presence of
      glucose or starch was assessed by means of nitrogen balance studies in growing
      rats and compared to the effect of heat sterilization. No decrease in protein
      digestibility and utilization was noticed in the irradiated samples nor did the
      presence of glucose or starch during processing cause and changes of these
      parameters. Following heat sterilization of casein in the presence of glucose
      there was a significant reduction in protein digestibility and Net Protein
      Utilization (NPU). These changes were accompanied by a drastic decline of
      available lysine. The inclusion of 3% agar-agar (aqueous solution) in the diet
      induced a drastic rise in endogenous faecal nitrogen losses and a corresponding
      decrease in apparent protein digestibility and NPU.

PMID- 977222
TI  - Interactions between malnutrition and primaquine studied on Wistar rats. II.
      Complex vitamin B deficiency and thiamine deficiency.
AB  - The action of primaquine was investigated on male Wistar rats depleted on the
      vitamin B complex (approximately 50% of their requirement for optimal growth), on
      thiamine (approximately 50% of their requirement for optimal growth), and pair
      fed control animals. There was only a marginal increase in adverse primaquine
      reactions in the malnourished, especially in the thiamine deficient rats.

PMID- 977223
TI  - In Trinidad: angular stomatitis and pregnancy.
AB  - Riboflavin deficiency is endemic in Trinidad. A syndrome is observed peculiar to
      pregnancy. It occurs in the second trimester in women with low blood riboflavin
      levels. Treatment with riboflavin gives clinical improvement in mothers and
      raises fetal blood levels. Early biochemical diagnosis and treatment of
      subclinical deficiency is of value to the Trinidadian mother but protection to
      the fetus is doubtful. This is because of the effect of multiple limiting factors
      in which the mother is deficient.

PMID- 977224
TI  - The effect of hypervitaminosis A on the sialic acid and hexosamine contents of
      the salivary glands of rats.
AB  - The effect of orally feeding 15000 I.U. of vitamin A during 15 days to male rats
      of the Wistar strain was studied on the sialic acid and hexosamine contents of
      the salivary glands. Sialic acid and hexosamine contents in the submandibular and
      sublingual salivary glands showed a decrease while those for the parotid salivary
      gland did not alter.

PMID- 977225
TI  - Effect of varying vitamin B6 intake of early-weaned piglets on urinary
      xanthurenic and kynurenic acid excretion, serum transaminase activity and urea
      concentration.
AB  - In a bipartite rearing experiment (day 1-24 and 24-45) 72 early-weaned piglets
      were used to study the effect of varying dietary vitamin B6 contents on renal
      excretion of xanthurenic and kynurenic acid after a tryptophan load, on urea
      concentration and activities of two transaminases in serum at the end of each
      period. The animals, divided into 6 groups, were fed ad libitum a prestarter and
      a starter in period I and II, respectively, each containing 0.5, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8,
      3.5 or 6.6 mg vitamin B6 per kg dry matter. The urinary xanthurenic acid
      excretion was elevated especially at the vitamin B6 supply of 0.5 ppm and rose
      severalfold with increasing depletion time (period II). In both periods, the
      smallest amount was excreted by piglets supplemented with 2.8 ppm. In comparison
      to groups B (1.2 ppm) and C (2.0 ppm), their average excretion rate was reduced
      by 29% and 15%, respectively, in period I and by 50% and 22%, respectively, in
      period II. Analogously to xanthurenic acid, the smallest amount of kynurenic acid
      was excreted by group D (2.8 ppm). Starting from the lowest vitamin B6 supply,
      the activity of SGPT showed an almost linear increase in both experimental
      periods. In contrast, SGOT already reached an upper activity level with the
      dietary vitamin B6 content of 3.5 and 2.8 ppm at the end of period I and II,
      respectively. The concentration of serum urea was influenced only by the lowest
      vitamin B6 supply of 0.5 ppm.

PMID- 977227
TI  - Non-olfactorial discrimination between foods by the dog.

PMID- 977226
TI  - Effect of hyper- and hypothyroidism on the alpha-tocopherol concentration in
      serum and some organs of growing rats.
AB  - The finding of a raised alpha-tocopherol concentration in the heart muscle,
      liver, skeletal muscle and serum during experimental hyperthyroidism, lasting 30
      days, made the authors assume that this cumulation is a transient phenomenon
      which would disappear during a prolonged metabolic disorder as a result of
      energetic breakdown of the organism. The purpose of the paper was to verify this
      view. The investigation with experimental hyper- and hypothyroidism was made in
      120 rats with a mean weight of 160 g. To 60 animals daily 100 mug thyroxin were
      administered by the i.p. route, 48 animals were given 2.5 Carbimazol daily by
      mouth to induce hypothyroidism and 12 animals served as controls. The animals
      were fed the same diet. The effect of the administered preparations was examined
      after 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days. In hypothyroid animals the 50th day was
      omitted. The results revealed: 1. In hyperthyroid animals the body weight was
      almost constant to the end of the experiment. However these animals had a
      significantly raised weight of the heart muscle and liver, as compared with the
      remaining two groups. 2. In hyperthyroid animals the highest alpha-tocopherol
      concentration in the heart muscle and skeletal muscle was recorded after 20 days.
      During subsequent time intervals the alpha-tocopherol concentration in the heart
      muscle declined gradually. In the skeletal muscle a dramatic decline occurred
      after 40 days and proceeded to the end of the investigation when the recorded
      values were at the borderline of detectability. This finding confirmed the
      authors view that the alpha-tocopherol cumulation in muscle exposed to an
      increased work load is a transient phenomenon and disappears during prolonged
      hyperthyroidism before the breakdown of the organism. 3. In hyperthyroidism no
      correlation was found between the alpha-tocopherol concentration and the lipid
      content of organs and skeletal muscle. This correlation was found in
      hypothyroidism. 4. The alpha-tocopherol serum level in hyperthyroidism was
      significantly higher than in hypothyroidism. 5. In hyperthyroidism the alpha
      tocopherol cumulation in liver increased gradually, and reached its maximum after
      50 days. At a time when the alpha-tocopherol concentration in the heart muscle
      and skeletal muscle declined already, its liver concentration increased. This
      phenomenon may be associated with the increasing protein synthesis in the liver
      during hyperthyroidism, or with other phenomena which call for further
      investigation.

PMID- 977228
TI  - Urea cycle enzyme activity in lambs fed different nitrogen levels at low dietary
      intakes.
AB  - Eleven Southdown male lambs averaging 19.8 kg were randomly allotted to two
      groups and fed diets containing 7.7% (low-N) or 15.8% (high-N) crude protein. All
      of the supplemental nitrogen in the high-N diet was supplied as urea. Intake of
      the low-N and high-N diets averaged 372.3 g and 340.5 g/day, respectively.
      Findings at the end of the thirty-day trial were: (1) mean body weights unchanged
      for the two groups; (2) plasma urea nitrogen three-fold higher in the high-N
      (19.07 mg/100 ml) than the low-N (6.57) animals; (3) similar hepatic activity
      levels of three urea cycle enzymes (ornithine transcarbamylase,
      argininosuccinase, arginase) in the two groups, and (4) similar liver weights and
      liver protein concentration. The absence of adaptive change in enzyme levels
      suggests the hypothesis that addition of non-protein nitrogen to maintenance
      diets may cause ammonia intoxication by exceeding the liver's reserve capacity
      for urea synthesis.

PMID- 977229
TI  - Public health significance of zoonotic tapeworms in Korea.
AB  - Through an epidemiological review on the zoonotic tapeworms in Korea, the
      frequency and severity of the zoonoses have been recognized. Taeniasis and human
      cysticercosis are of importance to the public health in Korea. The frequency of
      taeniasis is 0.3% to 12.7% discovered by stool examination and 4.5% to 38.0%
      discovered by questionaire survey. Taeniasis occurs more frequently in males than
      in females and, especially, in both sexes in the age-group of 20 to 49. T.
      saginata is more common that T. solium. No case of human cysticercosis caused by
      T.saginata has been reported in Korea. To the contrary, human cysticercosis
      caused by T. solium has been reported frequently during the 1960's. The severity
      of human cysticercosis is a significant problem of public health in Korea. Old
      data on bovine cysticercosis in the 1920's and 1930's are not useful for present
      control measures. Systematic surveys on bovine and swine cysticercosis as well as
      taeniasis and human cysticercosis are needed in Korea. Cases of sparganosis have
      been reported frequently during the past 15 years. Most of the 34 cases of
      sparganosis reported involved the eating of raw snakes and frogs. Most of the
      cases occurred in older males. Sparganosis in snakes, frogs, chickens, and swine
      has been reported in Korea. Human infection of Hymenolepis nana ranged from 0.2%
      to 1.4% discovered by stool examination. A few cases of adult worm collections of
      Diphyllobothrium latum and Hymenolepis diminuta have been reported in Korea. Two
      cases of human hydatid disease have been reported in Korea. No study on the
      disease in domestic animals is available. No case of human infection with dog
      tapeworm has been reported, even though it is highly prevalent in the indigenous
      dogs in Korea. I recommend that further study on the zoonotic tapeworms be
      conducted epidemiologically in Korea to get basic data for the public health
      programming.

PMID- 977230
TI  - Studies on morphological characteristics of Japanese strain of Schistosoma
      japonicum in rabbits.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to determine some morphological
      characteristics of Japanese strain of Schistosoma japonicum, the results are
      summarized as follows: (1) The pattern of testes in male worms can be divided
      into two types: the tandem (37.6%) and non-tandem (62.4%). (2) The number of
      testes varied from 1 to 13. The percentage of specimens with 7 testes was much
      higher than of others with both in tandem (70% against 30%) and non-tandem (86%
      against 14%) arrangement. (3) The unusual/irregular sets of testes including 2-3
      additional sets were found in 158 (or 4.5%) of 3,498 male worms. Specimens with 7
      testes in the unusual/irregular location numbered the highest (69.6%); the next
      with 8 (14.6%) and 6 (12%); and the lowest with 5 (3.8%). (4) Forty or 2.8% of
      1,417 male worms were found to have 2-4 cecal loops. The cecal union located in
      71-80% of worm bodys from the anterior end of male worm was found in highest
      number; the next in 61-70%; and the lowest in 51-60% and 81-90%. The location of
      united ceca in female worms was found all in the posterior part of body. (5) The
      ovary in all 125 females was located in the posterior portion of worm body except
      in 4 specimens. (6) The number of eggs in the uterus of female worms varied from
      50 to 300. The mean number was 103.

PMID- 977231
TI  - An international survey of leptospiral agglutinin of dogs by RMAT.
AB  - FRom 1970 through 1973, the author used RMAT to examine the canine leptospiral
      antibodies against 10 serotypes in 12,374 attended dogs, 1,855 stray dogs and 480
      house dogs in 24 countries. Among the 10 serotypes, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L.
      canicola were the most prevalent. Positive rates were in the following order:
      Peru 26.3%, Chile 18.4%, Turkey 17.4%, Austria 16.0%, Korea 15.0%, Cina (Taiwan)
      11.4%, Japan 9.8%, Brazil 7.7%, United States 5.5%, United Kingdom 4.5%, Italy
      3.5%, Germany 2.0%, and Canada 0.4%. Negative results were obtained in Australia,
      Dominica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Indonesia, Iran, Malta, Philippines, Sweden
      and Thailand. Positive rates on different continents were: South America 11.1%,
      Asia 10.1%, Europe 3.4%, North America 2.4%, Oceania and Africa (Ethiopia) 0%.
      Negative results were obtained against either L. icterohaemorrhagiae or L.
      canicola in samples from most tropical countries. Lower positive rates were seen
      during summer in Korea and Japan. Positive reactors were detected against other
      serotypes, viz., L. grippotyphosa, L. australis A, L. pyrogenes, L. bataviae, L.
      autumnalis, L. hebdomadis and L. javanica. Sex, physical condition and
      vaccination status as factors in the presence of antibodies were reviewed.

PMID- 977233
TI  - Considerations on sterilization.

PMID- 977232
TI  - Influenza virus isolations from dogs during a human epidemic in Taiwan.
AB  - During an islandwide outbreak of human influenza in June and July 1971, throat
      swabs were taken from dogs and cats in 3 urban communities of Taiwan. Eight
      influenza isolates were obtained from dogs in July 1971: two were identified as
      influenza A closely related to the human Hong Kong/68 virus, and one was a strain
      of influenza type B closely resembling human influenza B virus. The latter is the
      first such reported isolation from dogs under natural conditions.

PMID- 977234
TI  - Colectomy with rectal myectomy for Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 977235
TI  - A modified surgical technic for the treatment of congenital megacolon.

PMID- 977236
TI  - Regional enteritis (crohn's disease) limited to the appendix.

PMID- 977237
TI  - Simultaneous rupture of the broad ligament and the spleen.

PMID- 977238
TI  - Coexistent regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 977239
TI  - Wada-Cutter disk occluder valve embolization six years after surgery.

PMID- 977240
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Pathological and clinical characteristics of thyroid carcinoma are reported. In
      379 routine consecutive autopsies in which carcinoma was not suspected, serial
      sections of thyroid gland were histologically examined. Latent thyroid carcinoma
      was detected in 15.7% of the glands. Papillary adenocarcinoma comprised 76.3%,
      follicular adenocarcinoma 22.0% and trabecular carcinoma 1.7% of the cases.
      Sclerosing carcinoma was seen in 32 cases. The long diameter of 90% of these
      tumors was less than 5 mm. Whether or not thyroid carcinoma persists as such a
      small carcinomatous lesion indefinitely was studied along with its clinical
      significance. Carcinomatous lesions complicating hyperthyroidism were always less
      than 1 cm. About 70% were less than 5 mm long. Since proliferation of some
      thyroid carcinomas was inhibited by TSH suppression therapy, growth and
      proliferation of carcinoma in the presence of excessive thyroid hormone or
      hyperthyroidism is probably already inhibited.

PMID- 977241
TI  - Termination of pregnancy in the midtrimester using a new technic. Preliminary
      report.
AB  - This report is a preliminary one because the number of cases is small (30+) and
      follow-up is not adequate, either as to detail or time. However, the initial
      results and observations are so favorable that unless untoward complications
      arise, we predict that this procedure will supplant the other usual methods of
      midtrimester abortion. We have looked for but have not found any infections,
      hemorrhage, perforations, failure of the uterus to empty within a reasonable
      length of time or prolonged postoperative bleeding. The method herein proposed
      offers greater safety by creating fewer risks to the patient; her exposure to
      hazards is therefore diminished. Future pregnancies are safer because the birth
      canal has not been attenuated by rupture, near rupture, perforation or surgical
      scarring. It is our hope that others will try this technic to prove or disprove
      its efficacy.

PMID- 977242
TI  - The Uchida sterilization technics.

PMID- 977243
TI  - Solitary abscess of the placenta in a pregnancy treated by cerclage.

PMID- 977244
TI  - Effect of congenital uterine abnormalities on pregnancy.

PMID- 977245
TI  - Combined ovarian and intrauterine pregnancy.

PMID- 977246
TI  - Late results of conservative operations for bilateral benign ovarian tumors.

PMID- 977247
TI  - Giant mediastinal seminoma (germinoma).

PMID- 977248
TI  - Microrheology of erythrocytes, blood viscosity, and the distribution of blood
      flow in the microcirculation.
AB  - The normal rheological behavior of the red blood cells is prerequisite for the
      survival of the red cells and also for the functioning of microcirculation.
      Severe alterations of red cell deformability are incompatible with life. When
      compensated by anemia, even relatively severe rheological incompetence of
      individual red cells is tolerable. Functional loss of red cell deformability is
      widely known to occur under conditions of sustained hypoperfusion, and
      disseminated stagnation of blood in the paracapillary bed occurs. The resulting
      capillary occlusion does not necessarily reveal itself in grossly reduced flow
      rates or increased "total peripheral resistance," since it is compensated by
      shunting through microscopic anastomoses. The biological significance of the
      phenomenon of red cell aggregation (collateral loss of blood fluidity,
      "collateral blood viscidation") is related to hemodynamics only on the level of
      individual capillaries. Since the compensatory potentials of vasomotor factors at
      this level are also very high, the collateral viscidation is not only facilitated
      but by the same token partially compensated. Therefore, unless complicated by a
      defect in the macrocirculation, the biological significance of blood rheology
      seen under the aspects of entire organs is not primarily related to hemodynamics,
      but to diffusive transcapillary exchange. As a consequence of collateral blood
      viscidation, diffusion takes place under sub-optimal conditions. The available
      surface area for exchange is reduced, the diffusion distances are increased. In
      themselves, these changes are no acute threat to the survival of the entire
      individual. In combination with other defects, they are capable of sustaining
      prolonged states of flow arrest. Since the rheological properties of blood can be
      easily manipulated, sustained circulatory deficiencies can be avoided or treated
      by improving blood fluidity.

PMID- 977249
TI  - Neurohormonal control of plasma volume.

PMID- 977250
TI  - The physiology of cyanotic congenital heart disease.

PMID- 977251
TI  - Peripheral circulation: fluid transfer across the microvascular membrane.

PMID- 977252
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase in ocular tissues of rabbits, cats, cattle, and man.
AB  - The variation of choline acetyltransferase activity in ocular tissues of four
      mammalian species, rabbits, cats, cattle, and man, was determined. Enzyme
      activity of irides and ciliary bodies, i.e., parasympathetically innervated
      structures, tended to be similar in all four species. Two exceptions were bovine
      irides and human ciliary bodies; these two tissues had higher enzyme activities.
      Choline acetyltransferase activity was present in the corneal epithelium of
      rabbit, bovine, and human eyes, but little or none could be detected in that of
      cats. Feline retina and pigment epithelium-choroid also contained far less
      choline acetyltransferase activity than the same tissues in the other three
      species.

PMID- 977253
TI  - Comparison of ocular prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors.
AB  - A comparative study was carried out of the inhibitory effect of 14 nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory compounds, administered topically, on the intraocular pressure
      and aqueous humor protein elevation induced by arachidonic acid in rabbits. The
      most effective agents were flurbiprofen solution and suspensions of indoxole
      (polysorbate-dispersed), meclofenamic acid, indomethacin, and clonixin.

PMID- 977254
TI  - A comparison between an acetazolamide test and weight tonography in pathological
      and apathological circulation of the aqueous humor.
AB  - In a total of 92 eyes in 46 individuals the outflow facilities obtained by weight
      tonography, Cton correlated curvilinearly with those estimated by an
      acetazolamide test, Cacet. The presumed apathological pairs of eyes were those
      with Cacet above (or equal to) 0.15 and pressure symmetry (right/left). Twenty
      one patients referred for glaucoma suspicion (and three normal test persons)
      showed these characteristics. The eyes appeared clinically healthy even if the
      pressure range reached 30 mm. Hg. Here Cacet averaged 0.32 but Cton only 0.16;
      the discrepancy is possibly caused by the outflow obstruction brought about by
      the high pressures during weight tonography. The presumed pathological eyes (33
      from 20 individuals referred for glaucoma suspicion or manifest glaucoma) were
      those with Cacet below 0.15. They generally showed pressure asymmetry and in some
      cases pressure values above 30 mm. Hg, and there were in several cases other
      glaucomatous signs. In this group Cton and Cacet were similar; both averaged
      0.09. The acetazolamide test is considered more informative than weight
      tonography because the test provides at the same time an estimate of the outflow
      facilities in the normal- or low-pressure range as well as an accurate comparison
      between the pressures and outflow facilities of the two eyes. The test is time
      consuming, however (1 to 11/2 hours).

PMID- 977255
TI  - Potentiation of the effects of topical epinephrine on the pupil and intraocular
      pressure in the sympathetically denervated rabbit eye by a catechol-O-methyl
      transferase inhibitor.
AB  - Dose-response curves of increase in pupil size and decrease in intraocular
      pressure with topical epinephrine have been determined in the sympathetically
      denervated rabbit eye. Topical pretreatment with the catechol-O-methyl
      transferase inhibitor U-0521 potentiated the effects of epinephrine on both the
      pupil and pressure. These observations suggest a possible role for catechol-O
      methyl transferase in the aqueous humor dynamics of the supersensitive eye. The
      possible use of the denervated rabbit eye as an experimental model for the
      glaucomatous eye in evaluating the ocular effects of adrenergic agents is
      discussed.

PMID- 977256
TI  - Corneal sensitivity in people with the same and with different iris color.
AB  - Corneal touch thresholds were determined for both eyes of 15 people with
      different colored irides (a condition known as heterochromia) and of 25 people
      with similar colored irides. It was found that corneal sensitivity is not
      significantly different in both eyes of either group. Therefore it is suggested
      that the fact previously demonstrated that corneal sensitivity is related to iris
      color is not of corneal origin.

PMID- 977257
TI  - The effect of tonicity on lens volume.
AB  - Rat lenses incubated in hypotonic medium adapted to the medium by first
      undergoing osmotic swelling and then returning after 1 to 2 days to their
      originial volume. Two processes--osmotic swelling and volume regulation--appear
      to be working simultaneously. The former is indicated by a decrease in the
      concentration of cell potassium to the expected level and the latter by a
      limitation of lens volume associated with a decrease in the potassium content of
      the lens. These findings are consistent with those observed in other types of
      cells and may be of significance in understanding the etiology of cataracts.

PMID- 977258
TI  - Hormonal influences on photoreceptor damage: the pituitary gland and ovaries.
AB  - To determine whether the absence of pituitary or ovarian hormones would influence
      retinal degeneration, female albino rats were either hypophysectomized (HYPEX) or
      ovariectomized (OVEX) before pubery. Later, they were exposed to continuous light
      for periods up to 45 days. Retinas evaluated by light microscopic measurements
      showed damage to the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and photoreceptor layer in both
      the operated and intact, control rats. However, the degree of damage observed in
      retinas of HYPEX and OVEX rats was significantly less than that observed in
      retinas of intact rats exposed to the same lighting conditions. Therefore,
      hypophysectomy and ovariectomy, which influence the normal development of sexual
      maturation when performed on immature rats, significantly reduce photoreceptor
      damage in adult rats exposed to continuous light.

PMID- 977259
TI  - Photosensitive pigments formed with rat opsin.
AB  - Photosensitive pigments are formed in vitro from rat opsin with the rods in
      suspension or as digitonin solutions. Rhodopsin, isorhodopsin I, and isorhodopsin
      II were generated with 11-cis, 9-cis and 9, 13-dicis retinal, respectively. An
      isorhodopsin I analogue was formed on combination with 9-cis 13-desmethyl-14
      methylretinal. The absorption spectra and photosensitivities of these pigments
      were found to be similar to the corresponding bovine pigments although the rates
      of formation are several fold slower.

PMID- 977260
TI  - The allergic theory of radiocontrast agent toxicity: demonstration of antibody
      activity in sera of patients suffering major radiocontrast agent reactions.
AB  - An allergic, immunologic mechanism for certain adverse reactions to radiocontrast
      agents has been postulated on the basis of clinical and theoretical
      considerations. One obstacle to the acceptance of this allergic theory has been
      the inability to demonstrate significant antibodies with specificity for these
      agents. In our studies, rabbits were immunized with 4 analogues of radiocontrast
      agents which induced IgG or IgE antibodies specific for the contrast media
      analogues. Then, to determine if antibodies to contrast agents were present in
      man a prospective, one-year surveillance of radiocontrast agent reactions was
      undertaken. Sera from 27 patients suffering severe reactions and 37 control
      subjects were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for antibodies reactive with
      radiocontrast media. Binding of radiolabeled contrast media was significantly
      elevated (p less than 0.01) by the serum globulin fraction of the patients
      suffering severe reactions. Demonstration of this antibody activity, although not
      proof of cause and effect between the presence of antibody activity and clinical
      symptoms, nonetheless adds support to the hypothesis that some adverse reactions
      to radiocontrast agents are due to antibodies.

PMID- 977261
TI  - The capability of fluoroscopic systems for the production of computerized axial
      tomograms.
AB  - Previous work in our laboratories and at other institutions has shown that
      fluoroscopic images recorded on a video disc can be used successfully for
      producing computerized-axial-tomograms. The work described in this paper gives a
      quantitative analysis of the capabilities of such imaging systems, in conjunction
      with a particular method of data processing, for detecting and imaging changes in
      object absorptivity. Relations between the degree of contrast or absorptivity and
      object size required by this type of system can be inferred from the data.

PMID- 977262
TI  - The role of cholecystokinin in radiographic opacification of the gallbladder.
AB  - Studies of the effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on hepatic elimination of
      intravenously administered iopanoate and on gallbladder opacification were
      performed using nonoperated dogs with intact enterohepatic circulation and normal
      endogenous bile salt pool. Intravenous administration of CCK (3 units/kg)
      resulted in a 32% increase in apparent transport maximum (maximum rate of
      elimination) of iopanoate and earlier and enhanced gallbladder opacification.
      This increase in apparent transport maximum was abolished by cholecystectomy,
      indicating that the increase was a result of the release of bile salts from the
      gallbladder rather than a direct effect of the hormone on the hepatic elimination
      of iopanoate. The early gallbladder opacification and increased density of
      contrast material in the gallbladder were related to CCK-induced emptying of the
      gallbladder and subsequent filling with opacified bile.

PMID- 977263
TI  - Ultrasonic visualization of the non-opacified gallbladder: response of the normal
      and obstructed canine gallbladder to C8CCK.
AB  - In vitro studies of a simulated gallbladder show that B-scan ultrasonography is
      as reliable as radiography in measuring changes in volume of the organ. The width
      or planimetric area of the sonogram correlates with the change in balloon volume
      and with similar radiographic measurements. In vivo measurements of the normal
      canine gallbladder stimulated by a carefully prescribed infusion of C8CCK in the
      dose range of 2.2 to 5.5 ng/kg/min over an 8 to 10 minute interval, showed a
      clearly defined decrease in gallbladder width. In ligation and division of the
      common bile duct no change in gallbladder size was demonstrated. We conclude that
      sonography alone can be used to measure a change in gallbladder size to better
      differentiate complete obstruction of the common bile duct from medical causes in
      the jaundiced patient.

PMID- 977264
TI  - The mechanism of hypotension following angiography.
AB  - The hypotension observed following the intracardiac injection of contrast media
      is believed to be the result of myocardial depression, peripheral vasodilatation,
      or both. It is unclear which of these factors is primarily involved in different
      types of angiography. To assess this problem, Renografin-76 was injected into the
      aortic root of 15 anesthetized dogs (1 ml/kg) and into the left coronary artery
      (3-5 ml) in 18 dogs. The heart rate, the systolic and diastolic arterial
      pressures, left ventricular pressure, peak dp/dt and dp/dt-40 were monitored
      continuously until return to baseline. Following selective left coronary artery
      injection, both systolic and diastolic pressures decreased maximally at 5 seconds
      with parallel changes in peak dp/dt and dp/dt-40. Following the aortic root
      injection, the blood pressure response was biphasic, increasing at 5 seconds and
      decreasing maximally at 20 seconds. The corresponding changes in peak dp/dt and
      dp/dt-40 were initial depression at 5 seconds with quick return to baseline and
      increase above control at the time of maximal hypotension. The left ventricular
      end diastolic pressure rose maximally at 5 to 10 seconds for both coronary and
      aortic injections. The mechanism of hypotension, therefore, varies with the type
      of angiography. Myocardial depression appears to be a primary factor with
      selective coronary angiography. However, with aortic root injection, myocardial
      contractility, although initially depressed, is already improved at the time of
      maximal hypotension, and thus peripheral vasocilatation is probably the prime
      mechanism of the hypotension.

PMID- 977265
TI  - Biological disposition of perfluoroctylbromide: tracheal administration in
      alveolography and bronchography.
AB  - Perfluoroctylbromide, given tracheally either as neat liquid in alveolography or
      as 10:1 emulsion in bronchography, was cleared roentgenologically from the lungs
      within 24 hours. Quantitative analysis was performed on a gas chromatograph. The
      rats were given either 2 ml/kg of neat liquid or 0.4 ml/kg emulsion. One per cent
      of the neat liquid and 8% of the emulsion were recovered from the tissues
      respectively 24 hours later. The lungs had the largest amount followed by the
      intestine, adipose tissue and lymph nodes. Dogs were sacrificed at various
      intervals following 4 ml/kg of neat liquid or 2 ml/kg of emulsion. Less than 1%
      of the dose was found in the tissues at 24 hours. A similar pattern of
      perfluoroctylbromide distribution was observed as in the rats. The tissue
      contents of perfluoroctylbromide at three months were below the limit of
      detection. The perfluoroctylbromide levels in the blood and urine of dogs and
      human volunteers were either non-detectable or barely detectable over a 48-hour
      period.

PMID- 977266
TI  - Comparison of non-screen techniques (medical vs. industrial film) for fine-detail
      skeletal radiography.
AB  - High resolution radiographic techniques for imaging the peripheral skeleton (hand
      and foot) have gained wide clinical acceptance. The two procedures receiving
      widest attention are non-screen techniques: one uses medical film (Kodak RP); and
      the other uses industrial film (Kodak Type M) combined with optical
      magnification. The imaging properties and clinical applications of these two
      techniques were examined. The modulation transfer functions (MTF's) of the
      recording systems, Wiener spectrum analyses of noise, and film sensitometry were
      obtained. Clinical comparisons were made from 200 consecutive patients
      radiographed with both techniques and the relative merits in metabolic, arthritic
      and traumatic afflictions were assessed. The results demonstrate the superiority
      of the industrial film compared to medical film technique in all parameters of
      image quality. However, the inconveniences of special processing and viewing
      necessitated by this technique, as well as the increased radiation exposure,
      limit its clinical application to small, selection groups of patients as
      determined from the clinical comparative study.

PMID- 977267
TI  - Digital skin capillary flow of xenon - 133 in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 977268
TI  - A tomographic evaluation of the non-visualised oral cholecystogram.

PMID- 977269
TI  - Hypothyroidism and coeliac disease--a family study.

PMID- 977270
TI  - Hearing loss due to combined effects of noise and sodium salicylate.
AB  - This study reports on hearing loss due to the combined effects of noise and
      sodium salicylate. A group of 10 adult chinchillas was used to test the
      hypothesis that the combined effects of prolonged exposure to noise and
      continuous salicylate intoxication will result in a larger Temporary Threshold
      Shift (TTS) in the audibility curve than either of the agents alone can produce.
      Extensive behavioral training was used to determine hearing thresholds. Though
      use of shock avoidance techniques, the animals were trained to respond to tones
      by jumping a low barrier. After demonstrating sufficient ability in behavioral
      training, the animals were surgically rendered monaural. After recovery from
      surgery, monaural threshold data were obtained. The animals were exposed in a
      chamber to 85 dbA broadband noise for 48 h to measure TTS. The chinchillas were
      allowed to recover for a minimum of 45 days; then a second monaural audibility
      curve was obtained. The chinchillas were then injected subcutaneously with sodium
      salicylate at 6 h intervals to establish TTS-producing serum salicylate levels.
      After 36 h of salicylate exposure, the animals were placed in a noise chamber.
      For the next 42 h the animals were exposed to both sodium salicylate and 85 dbA
      noise. The results of this study indicated the chinchillas' hearing threshold is
      reduced in sensitivity by approximately 35 dB due to broad-band noise exposure of
      85 dBA intensity. Serum salicylate levels of 20-40 mg per 100 ml resulted in a
      TTS of 30 dB on the average. The combination of noise and sodium salicylate
      exposure produced a temporary hearing loss of approximately 55 dB. These data
      suggested that the combination of prolonged noise and salicylate exposure may
      result in a larger hearing loss than either agent alone can produce.

PMID- 977271
TI  - An investigation of the servobehavior of the stretch reflex.
AB  - The stretch reflex is often described as a device for assisting in the regulation
      of muscle length or as a spinal servomechanism. Observation of the response to
      experimental interruption of voluntary movements fails to demonstrate a
      significant role for spinal reflexes. Functional responses with a latency of 120
      ms, implying supraspinal mediation, are observed.

PMID- 977272
TI  - The control and propagation of a genetic disease.
AB  - Preventive health is an appealing method to better our quality of life. However,
      in the practice of preventive health, its probabilistic nature and the time lag
      for results lessen its appeal. The specter of genetic diseases also has a
      probabilistic nature but has a time lag that spans generations. Thus any
      preventive health effort for genetic diseases should be studied so the results
      can be predicted in advance. A number of mathematical genetic problems have been
      solved that include mutation and phenotype selection factors. This paper takes a
      large human population that has birth and death frequencies that vary with age
      and that operates under Mendelian genetics. Hypothetical mutation and
      backmutation rates are put into this population; this results in an adverse
      effect on the death rate for those individuals born with homogenously mutated
      genes. This is called a genetic defect. The mutated genes are carried in the
      gametes of individuals who are born with the genetic defect and those who are
      exposed to the mutation rates; their manifestation is an increased probability of
      producing method gametes for reproduction. The preventive health control effort
      is birth control after genetic counseling. Various combinations of birth control
      selection effectiveness are tried on the different genotypes. It is found that a
      high selection factor for homogenously mutated genotypes gives the best result
      for reducing excess deaths caused by the genetic defect, and that a selection
      factor for heterozygous genotypes is a counterproductive effort. This model,
      employing a set of difference equations, may be used to evaluate preventive
      health policies on the control of genetically linked diseases such as sickle cell
      anemia, which affect the death rate of afflicted individuals. Also, effects other
      than death rate may be incorporated to evaluate policies on genetic diseases such
      as retinal blastoma.

PMID- 977273
TI  - Comparison between mercury and lithium chemical systems for pacemaker energy
      source applications.
AB  - Over the past decade several types of chemical systems have been developed as
      energy sources for implantable pacemakers. The most widely used system is the
      mercuric oxide-zinc cell. Historically, mercury-zinc systems were the first to be
      used to power an implantable pacemaker; they have undergone several developments
      and modification in order to improve their performance characteristics. Recently,
      several new power sources have been designed and developed exclusively for
      implantable pacemakers, the most promising of which are chemical systems based
      upon lithium metal as anode material. This paper reviews the basic chemical,
      physical, and electrical characteristics of mercuric oxide-zinc and lithium based
      systems and evaluates their suitability for pacemaker applications based upon
      analysis of their inherent characteristics.

PMID- 977274
TI  - An ambulatory activity monitor with solid state memory.

PMID- 977275
TI  - Automated rodent respiratory monitor and histogram computer--a preliminary
      report.
AB  - The system described in this paper was designed to monitor total inhaled volume
      (V), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory frequency (f) of Fisher rats before,
      during, and after exposure to cigarette smoke. The systems consists of three
      major subsystems: plethysmograph, analog signal conditioner, and histogram
      computer. The volume type whole body plethysmograph incorporates a rubber nose
      seal. Tidal flow rate (V) from the tube, measured by a pneumotachometer, is
      integrated by the signal conditioning system to obtain VT and V. Both V and V are
      displayed on a strip chart recorder. A rat will often exhibit considerable
      sniffing, especially in the presence of cigarette smoke. Consequently, average
      tidal volume (VT) and average respiratory frequency (f) are not accurate
      measurements of typical VT and f. Sensitivity of the system to changes in typical
      VT and f is important snce the system will be used to evaluate the effects of
      subtle differences in types of experimental cigarettes. A microprocessor was used
      in conjunction with a cathode ray tube to compute and display both the VT and
      respiratory period (T = 1/f) as histograms. From the histograms the most common
      (typical) VT (mode of the histogram) and the most common T can be easily observed
      and recorded. The histogram computer also calculates and digitally displays VT
      and f.

PMID- 977276
TI  - A charge coupled transversal filter for biomedical signal conditioning.
AB  - The analysis and processing of biological signals is often hampered by the
      contamination of these low frequency, often low amplitude waveforms by motion
      artifact in fluid-filled catheter systems and skin electrodes, power line hum,
      and so on. Although noise suppression techniques have relied upon low pass
      filtration of the analog signals with active or passive RLC filters, even the
      most recent active RLC filter implementations display operational characteristics
      not entirely satisfactory for low frequency applications.

PMID- 977277
TI  - Physiological data collection system for field use in trained military dogs.
AB  - This research program resulted in synthesis of a complete system for "in the
      field" collection of dynamic physiologic data from trained military dogs. Sensors
      and sensor implantation techniques were developed for arterial blood pressure,
      electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, temperature, and respiratory rate
      monitoring in dogs under strenuous field conditions. A data acquisition system
      was developed that provided the capability for recording this physiologic data
      for later computer analysis, and computer programs were written for evaluation of
      the data. In the final evaluation of the system, two factors indicated a need for
      additional refinement: (1) that of reducing EEG signal artifact due to cable
      capacitance and, (2) signal jitter caused by the casette recorder.

PMID- 977279
TI  - What is environmental physiology?

PMID- 977278
TI  - A rocking motion sensor for the blind.
AB  - Rocking motion is an unconscious and often unwanted phenomenon exhibited by the
      blind. It is usually manifested in oscillatory back and forth, side to side, or
      rotatory movements of the upper torso or head at about 1 Hz rate. Subjects
      desiring to function unobtrusively in the world of the sighted need to be alerted
      when rocking so they can control it. The rocking motion sensor incorporates
      biofeedback and records rock occurrences. A miniature body mounted accelerometer
      senses body accelerations exceeding 0.1g. These motions during a given period,
      compared with a presettable "rock threshold", discriminate rocking from normal
      activities. Sound biofeedback alerts the subject that he has exceeded threshold.
      Another counting and timing subsystem determines "end of rock" and resets the
      system. A recorder is provided that records signals only during rocking. Timing
      information is provided on a separate channel to permit later time line analysis.
      The rocking motion sensor system utilizes primarily solid state CMOS circuits
      with a combination of synchronous-asynchronous timing. The recorder is a modified
      commercial unit. The two units are separate, portable, and belt mounted. Tests
      have been made and results will be presented.

PMID- 977280
TI  - Ecophysiological hierarchies.
AB  - Among bovids, antelopes, rodents and marsupials--in fact, probably in most
      animals--the rates of energy and water turnover are linked to salt tolerance,
      renal concentration and protein synthesis rates. Evolution in wet areas is
      associated with high turnover rates and low salt tolerance, while desert
      derivation goes with low rate functions and high salt tolerance. This basic
      ecophysiology changes slowly, and animals that migrate to different environments
      may retain ancient patterns in areas where they seem inappropriate--so that
      cattle keep their high rates of energy and water use in arid zones, or llamas
      remain low in energy and water turnover after three million years in cool or wet
      environments. The rate functions may be linked through gene-controlled rates of
      protein synthesis and turnover, which evolved to run at high rates in well
      supplied areas, and at low rates in the face of the sparse resources of the
      desert.

PMID- 977281
TI  - Water conservation in xerophilic birds.
AB  - Adaptation of birds to dry climates involves decrease in relative evaporative
      water loss (mechanism unknown); decrease in GFR; and high urine osmolality in the
      dehydrated state in conjunction with cloacal resorption parameters, which allows
      the urine to enter the cloaca without a further water loss. The net result of the
      adaptations is such that the best adapted birds, such as the budgerygah (12) and
      the zebra finch (13) fed dry seeds alone can live without water. Similar features
      have been observed also in the best adapted desert rodents (27). Finally, birds
      tolerate a 7 to 13% increase in plasma osmolality (9). Tucker (28) has calculated
      that the budgerygah has fuel for 14 h flight; we have calculated that it also has
      water for 14 h (12) at neutral temperature and humidity. This is better than the
      Jumbo Jet, which can only fly for 12 h.

PMID- 977282
TI  - Water procurement and conservation by desert reptiles in their natural
      environment.

PMID- 977283
TI  - Temperature regulation in heatstroke in man.

PMID- 977284
TI  - Drinking habits and urine concentration of man in southern Israel.

PMID- 977285
TI  - Human chronobiology and chronopharmacology.

PMID- 977286
TI  - Effects of some environmental factors on human circadian rhythms.

PMID- 977287
TI  - Temperature regulation of men following heatstroke.

PMID- 977288
TI  - Neck and back cooling in a hot environment.

PMID- 977289
TI  - Warm discomfort and associated thermoregulatory changes during dry, and humid
      heat acclimatization.

PMID- 977290
TI  - Prediction of equivalent environments by energy exchange and assessments of
      physiological strain and discomfort.
AB  - The described equivalence postulate was confirmed experimentally by examining
      physiological responses as well as discomfort sensation in a series of predicted
      equivalent conditions during exercise (congruent to 3 met). ET or the equivalent
      Ta at 50% RH is a single independent variable that is uniquely related to the
      mean skin temperature (Tsk), skin wettedness (w), body core temperature (Tcore)
      and sense of discomfort.

PMID- 977291
TI  - Sweating and skin blood flow control during progressive acclimation.

PMID- 977292
TI  - Eccrine sweating and mortality during heat waves in very young and very old
      persons.

PMID- 977293
TI  - Circannual rhythm of cardiac mortality. An attempt to identify possible
      endogenous and exogenous factors.

PMID- 977294
TI  - Biometeorologic aspects of short-term fluctuations of cardiac mortality in
      Jerusalem and Tel Aviv studied by lagged cross-covariance analysis.

PMID- 977295
TI  - Circadian variations in human sweat rate during work in heat.

PMID- 977296
TI  - Comparative studies on heat tolerance and water loss by sweating of young male
      Japanese in the temperate and subtropical zones.

PMID- 977297
TI  - Role of proteins in the regulation of plasma volume during heat stress and
      exercise.

PMID- 977298
TI  - Renin and aldosterone secretion following acute environmental heat exposure.

PMID- 977299
TI  - Work capacity of subjects of similar ethnic origins living in dissimilar
      environmental conditions.

PMID- 977300
TI  - Renal function and electrolyte balance during dehydration in the hyrax.

PMID- 977301
TI  - Adaptations in the reptilian excretory system for excreting insoluble urates.

PMID- 977302
TI  - Water economy of the hyrax.

PMID- 977303
TI  - Plasma volume regulation in rodents: comparison of heat and dehydration effefts.

PMID- 977304
TI  - Osmoregulation in the desert tenebrionid beetle Trachyderma philistina Reiche
      during dehydration and subsequent rehydration.

PMID- 977305
TI  - Changes in structure and fluid distribution in the submaxillary salivary gland of
      rats during long-term heat exposure.

PMID- 977306
TI  - Adaptation of hemoglobin in the goldfish: temperature and organic phosphate
      dependence of the Root effect.

PMID- 977307
TI  - Effect of ambient temperature on red blood cells in the dehydrated camel.

PMID- 977308
TI  - A study of physiological, pathological and biochemical changes in rats with heat-
      and/or work-induced disorders.

PMID- 977309
TI  - Some aspects of the ecology of the desert snail Sphincterochila boissieri in
      relation to water and energy flow.

PMID- 977311
TI  - Thermoregulation and nonshivering thermogenesis as factors limiting distribution
      of the golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus).

PMID- 977310
TI  - Effects of natural winter conditions on thermoregulation in shorn and unshorn
      sheep.

PMID- 977312
TI  - On thermoregulation in Psammomys obesus, Meriones crassus and Meriones tristrami.

PMID- 977313
TI  - A study of the interface between bone and acrylic cement by scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Under the scanning electron microscope, acrylic cement presents an external
      surface dotted with hemispherical protuberances and a cut surface of cancellous
      structure. The reaction of bone to acrylic has been studied, both in stable and
      unstable mechanical conditions. In the first instance, the bone tissue grows
      towards the cement with an osteogentic front that insinuates itself between the
      irregularities of the external surface and tends to infiltrate the apertures in
      it, producing a perfect anchorage which remains solid even after a long period of
      time. In the second instance, the contact between cement and bone is indirect,
      with an interposed layer of dense fibrous tissue, probably with a shock-absorbing
      function.

PMID- 977314
TI  - A study of the early ultrastructural changes secondary to experimental
      compression of the tibal nerve in rabbits.
AB  - The early ultrastructural changes which arise in nerve fibres following
      axonotmesis are described. The study was conducted experimentally by means of
      silk ligature of the tibial nerve in rabbits. The findings on electron microscopy
      of samples of nerve taken at two and twenty four hours respectively after
      operation are reported.

PMID- 977315
TI  - Traumatic separation of the upper femoral epiphysis in a child aged two.
AB  - Traumatic separation of the proximal femoral epiphysis in children is a serious
      and as yet unresolved problem. Should treatment be conservative or surgical?
      Because of the rarity of the lesion, the literature offers no definite answer. In
      the case presented, conservative treatment gave a good result.

PMID- 977316
TI  - Desmoplastic fibroma of bone. (A study of three cases).
AB  - Three cases of demoplastic fibroma of bone are presented. Thirty six cases
      already reported in the world literature are reviewed, making the present total
      thirty nine cases. The extreme rarity of the tumor is emphasised, and its
      clinical, radiographic, morphological and pathological aspects discussed. Though
      the absence of metastases or histologically abnormal cells  attest to its benign
      nature it has a definite tendency to local recurrence. Differential diagnosis and
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 977317
TI  - A new approach to the pathology, clinical features and treatment of stress
      tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon.
AB  - On the basis of clinical, anatomical, surgical, histological and pathological
      investigations, the authors propose a classification of the tendinopathies of the
      Achilles tendon associated with stress. These are particularly common in the
      field of sport. Three syndromes are identified: a) pure peritendinitis; b)
      peritendinitis associated with tendinosis; c) pure tendinosis. The symptoms and
      possible complications are described and the problem of treatment is discussed.
      In pure peritendinitis tenolysis is recommended, but in peritendinitis associated
      with tendinosis it should be combined with extensive scarification of the tendon
      in order to promote revitalisation.

PMID- 977318
TI  - Removal of total prostheses of the hip. Review of twenty six cases.
AB  - The "painful prosthesis" is a difficult problem. Removal is often the best
      solution. Out of 566 McKee-Farrar prostheses, twenty six (4.2 per cent) were
      removed. The causes that made removal advisable are analysed. The methods used
      and the results obtained are described.

PMID- 977319
TI  - Re-appraisal of treatment of congenital club foot.
AB  - Residual deformity following the treatment of club foot is still very common and
      in many cases it is the result of the treatment itself. The traditional treatment
      of this condition is undergoing a critical reappraisal with a swing towards
      surgery in the earlier stages. The Turco technique is discussed and the results
      in seventeen patients over one year of age are presented.

PMID- 977320
TI  - Cancer mortality among Japanese in Hawaii: comparison of observed and expected
      rates based on preference-of-origin in Japan.

PMID- 977321
TI  - Multidisciplinary team approach to patient education in hypertension.

PMID- 977322
TI  - A new record of Spirometra mansoni, a zoonotic tapeworm, from naturally infected
      cats and dogs in Hawaii.

PMID- 977323
TI  - High speed trephine drill lung biopsy: a pilot study.

PMID- 977324
TI  - Violence.

PMID- 977325
TI  - Vascular reactivity of migraineurs and non-migraineurs: a comparison of responses
      to self-control procedures.

PMID- 977326
TI  - "Migrainous" neurologic dysfunction in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves.

PMID- 977327
TI  - Ice cream headache and orthostatic symptoms in patients with migraine.

PMID- 977328
TI  - Ergotamine and methysergide as serotonin partial agonists in migraine.

PMID- 977329
TI  - Cephalic vasomotor and electromyographic feedback in the treatment of combined
      muscle contraction and migraine headaches in a geriatric case.

PMID- 977330
TI  - Propranolol for migraine prophylaxis.

PMID- 977331
TI  - Personality, depression and headache type.

PMID- 977332
TI  - Brief report: headache and depression.

PMID- 977333
TI  - Alcohol problems in acute male medical admissions.

PMID- 977334
TI  - Evaluation in the National Health Service.

PMID- 977335
TI  - Woodside Clinical Society.

PMID- 977336
TI  - One month's prescriptions in a rural practice.

PMID- 977337
TI  - Medical staffing in the National Health Service in Scotland.

PMID- 977338
TI  - Scottish Consultant Review of In-patient Statistics (SCRIPS). A survey of users'
      opinion.

PMID- 977339
TI  - Routine statistical data for the clinician. Review and prospect.

PMID- 977340
TI  - The Chief Scientist reports... the problems of alcohol.

PMID- 977341
TI  - In vitro antibiotic sensitivity of Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - Thirty Pasteurella multocida strains were tested against 19 antibiotics using an
      agar dilution method. Penicillin G was the single most active agent tested. Anti
      staphylococcal penicillins were markedly less inhibitory than penicillin G. Other
      penicillins including phenoxymethyl penicillin, and tetracyclines,
      chloramphenicol and cephalosporins all inhibited the organisms in low
      concentrations. Erythromycin and lincomycins had poor activity against several of
      the strains. The range of M.I.C.s observed for most antibiotics was narrow but
      wide variation was seen in zone size when antibiotic disk tests were performed.

PMID- 977342
TI  - A new medium for the presumptive identification of gram-positive uropathogens.
AB  - A significant percentage of urinary tract infections are caused by gram-positive
      microorganisms. The rapid identification of these uropathogens is important in
      determining the appropriate treatment of such infections. A selective medium
      containing colistin sulfate and nalidixic acid (Columbia CNA Agar) was modified
      by the addition of esculin, ferric ammonium citrate, mannitol and phenol red. The
      new medium (Esculin-Mannitol Agar) was extensively evaluated as a primary plating
      medium for urine specimens. Isolates were presumptively identified solely by
      colonial morphology and reaction of the medium. Presumptive identification of the
      isolates was confirmed by conventional tests. The accuracy of the presumptive
      identification indicated that Esculin-Mannitol Agar was useful in the primary
      plating of urine specimens when employed together with an appropriate medium for
      the recovery of gram-negative organisms.

PMID- 977343
TI  - The antimicrobial activity of embalming chemicals and topical disinfectants on
      the microbial flora of human remains.
AB  - The antimicrobial activity of embalming chemicals an topical disinfectants was
      evaluated to determine the degree of disinfection achieved during the embalming
      of human remains. The administration of arterial and cavity embalming chemicals
      resulted in a 99% reduction of the postmortem microbial population after 2 hours
      of contact. This level of disinfection was maintained for the 24 hours test
      period. Topical disinfection of the body orifices was also observed. Therefore,
      it is probable that present embalming practices reduce the hazard from
      transmission of potentially infectious microbial agents within the immediate
      environment of embalmed human remains.

PMID- 977344
TI  - Seattle-King County revisited.
AB  - For approximately five years the Seattle-King County Public Health Laboratory has
      measured its diagnostic laboratory workload quantitatively in terms of relative
      values. Seattle-King County has used the laboratory average cost-per-relative
      value concept. However, increasing operational costs, multiple demands for the
      same tax dollar, and professional desire for more precise costing information led
      the laboratory staff to refine their method of determining a cost-per-relative
      value. This article shares their new methodology of determining a cost-per
      relative value for each primary cost center. Also shared are a few examples of
      how costs differ when using the old method in comparison to using the new method.

PMID- 977345
TI  - Skeletal distribution of mineralized bone tissue in humans.

PMID- 977346
TI  - Retention and excretion of radium-226 and strontium-90 in two doubly contaminated
      persons.

PMID- 977347
TI  - Analysis of an analytical technique for distributing air sampling locations
      around nuclear facilities.

PMID- 977348
TI  - Formation of charged particles in condensation aerosol generators used for
      inhalation studies.

PMID- 977349
TI  - Radiation and man: the 1973 Sievert Lecture.

PMID- 977350
TI  - A comparison of Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA for chelating 241Am in beagles.

PMID- 977351
TI  - Thermoluminescence response of CaSO4:Dy and Li2B4O7:Mn to polonium-210 alpha
      radiation.

PMID- 977352
TI  - The dentist and preventive dental health information.
AB  - Patients receive differing amounts of preventive dental health information from
      their dentist. What factors affect the amount of preventive information a patient
      receives? Many possible reasons which have been advanced for this difference are
      discussed in this paper. Using the clues presented in the literature, and results
      of a presurvey, some factors thought to influence the amount of preventive dental
      health information the patient receives were investigated. Specifically, the
      research problem was, "What is the relationship between the amount of preventive
      dental health information a patient receives from the dentist in his private
      office and the following factors: patient's appearance, interest-responsiveness,
      nervousness, need for dental care, request for service, orientation to dentistry,
      and dentist's liking for the patient?" The hypothesized relationships of amount
      of preventive dental information delivered to dentist's perception of patient's
      characteristics were not upheld. The paper tentatively concludes that the
      characteristics of the dentist and his dental practice affect the preventive
      information delivered more significantly than patient characteristics.

PMID- 977353
TI  - Health education manpower in the United States.
AB  - Problems in collection of uniform data on health education manpower on a
      continuing basis are discussed. Sources of data on current health education
      manpower projections for future needs are reviewed. Possible directions for
      improving manpower planning in this field are cited.

PMID- 977354
TI  - Changes in the activities, functions, and roles of public health educators.
AB  - Accounts of early activities of public health educators, statements of the
      American Public Health Association on the qualifications and functions of these
      educators, and studies concerned with their responsbiliities, functions, work, or
      roles are reviewed. These point up the three major foci in public health
      education over time in the U.S., viz, dissemination of information, community
      organization, and health behavior and program planning. Functions of public
      health educators in emerging settings for practice are presented and the
      implications of this movement (i.e., movement of health educators into non
      traditional settings) for public health education profession are discussed.

PMID- 977355
TI  - Directions for health education: new spokes in the wheel...or a new wheel.

PMID- 977356
TI  - Preparation of manpower for health education: a comparative view.
AB  - Differences between various models in the organization of health education
      services are explored. New developments in health education approaches used in
      training, career structures, and job definitions in some European countries are
      summarized. Problem areas have been defined and recommendations have been
      produced by numerous activities of the World Health Organization in recent years.
      At a 1974 symposium, it became obvious that no planned manpower development is
      feasible without a job definition of the health educator as an educational
      product. The need to specify the aims of future developments requires taking a
      critical view of past developments and spelling out existing differences.

PMID- 977357
TI  - The role of the clinical health educator.
AB  - A combination of forces favor the expansion of health education efforts in
      hospitals. This article describes four areas of health education in clinical
      settings: the justification for a health educator in this setting; his
      preparation; his role as a member of the health care team; and the extended role
      of the educator in the community, with voluntary and official agencies, and with
      families of patients.

PMID- 977358
TI  - Suggested procedures for moving from programmatic accreditation to peer review
      under broader institutional accreditation.

PMID- 977359
TI  - [The post-traumatic irritable knee].

PMID- 977360
TI  - [Intra-articular drug therapy of post-traumatic arthrosis].

PMID- 977361
TI  - [Physical therapy in post-traumatic arthrosis].

PMID- 977362
TI  - [Intra-articular interventions in arthrosis of the knee joint].

PMID- 977363
TI  - [Indication and technic of corrective osteotomy in post-traumatic authors of the
      knee joint].

PMID- 977364
TI  - [Tibial osteotomy in the therapy of post-traumatic arthroses of the knee joint].

PMID- 977365
TI  - [Total prosthesis of the knee joint].

PMID- 977366
TI  - [Partial prostheses of the knee joint].

PMID- 977367
TI  - [Endoprosthetic replacement of the patella].

PMID- 977368
TI  - [Indication and technic of knee-joint arthrodesis].

PMID- 977369
TI  - [Results after knee arthrodeses].

PMID- 977370
TI  - [Biochemical studies on the drug therapy of arthrosis].

PMID- 977371
TI  - [Psychiatric consultation in pediatrics. Description and problems].
AB  - In this study of psychiatric consultations in a paediatric department, a
      description is given of the evolution and duration of treatment in the first 55
      cases seen. Children ranged from age 1 month to 12 years. Two findings are of
      particular interest: most of the children were of a very young age (less than 3
      years); most psychiatric treatments were of short duration. These results are due
      to the preventive orientation of our consultation and to the close collaboration
      between pediatricians and psychiatrists. The preventive approach allows for less
      heavy and costly measures than the standard long-term psychiatric treatment. This
      preventive approach is only possible if the diagnosis is established early. The
      pediatrician is in a better position than the psychiatrist to practice early
      detection, as in young children the psychopathology is often expressed through
      somatic channels. In cases where the pathology was detected at a later age, the
      treatment is usually more difficult.

PMID- 977372
TI  - [Brain tumors in childhood. Clinical aspects].
AB  - The analysis of 76 case histories of children suffering from brain tumor revealed
      a majority in preschool age. The diagnosis at admission to the hospital was
      correct in 2/3 of the cases. The main causes for admission among unclear cases
      were headache, a history of head trauma, and epilepsy. An evaluation is made of
      the diagnostic value of symptoms, neurological signs, and of auxiliary
      investigations.

PMID- 977373
TI  - Bobble-head doll syndrome. Case report with a review on the different types of
      abnormal head movements in infancy, and their clinical significance.

PMID- 977374
TI  - [Genetics of idiopathic scoliosis].
AB  - Families of 241 patients among 913 cases of idiopathic scoliosis were surveyed.
      The data suggest two possible modes of inheritance: either an autosomal dominant
      inheritance with incomplete penetrance and more frequent manifestation in girls
      than boys, or a genetic heterogeneity with a mixture of dominant and
      multifactorial modes of inheritance.

PMID- 977375
TI  - [Influence of ouabain on the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes in 7
      patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy].
AB  - Measurements of electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes under the influence of
      ouabain were carried out on seven patients suffering from progressive Duchenne's
      muscular dystrophy. While ouabain-treated erythrocytes of healthy controls showed
      a significant decrease (alpha = 0.001) in electrophoretic mobility, an increase
      was found in five of the patients, and two patients revealed a slight drop in
      electrophoretic mobility. A significant difference (alpha = 0.001) was obtained
      in comparing the control group of patients. Initial trial measurements suggested
      that such a difference is also true for some other forms of muscular dystrophy
      and Werdnig-Hoffmann's spinal muscular atrophy.

PMID- 977376
TI  - Cardiac complications after vaccination for smallpox.
AB  - A case of severe myocardial damage 8 days after smallpox vaccination is described
      in a 6-year-old boy. A huge embolus overriding the bifurcation of the aorta
      complicated the disease and was removed surgically. Attention is called to the
      rapid recovery of this patient, which may be attributed to the use of massive
      doses of antivaccinia gamma globulin.

PMID- 977377
TI  - Cricopharyngeal achalasia associated with congenital suprabulbar paresis.
AB  - A case of congenital suprabulbar paresis is reported. The associated severe
      dysphagia which presented soon after birth was shown by radiographic and
      cineradiographic studies to be due to cricopharyngeal achalasia. During four
      years of follow-up a clear tendency to spontaneous improvement was seen. It is
      therefore suggested that the condition may have a favorable outcome without
      resorting to surgical intervention.

PMID- 977378
TI  - Asymptomatic sacral agenesis with crossed renal ectopia.

PMID- 977379
TI  - An interpretation of the origin of subchromatid aberrations and chromosome
      stickiness as a category of chromatid aberrations.

PMID- 977380
TI  - Electron microscopy of mitotic cells in a measles-carrier human cell line.

PMID- 977381
TI  - The effect of thyroxine administration on rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 977382
TI  - The multiple forms of S-benzyl-L-cysteine-beta-naphthylamide hydrolase
      (oxytocinase) in human pregnancy sera demonstrated by the method of isoelectric
      fractionation.

PMID- 977383
TI  - Multiple primary malignant neoplasms in female genital organs:--a report of six
      cases.

PMID- 977384
TI  - The fine structure of a prolactin-rich pituitary chromophobe adenoma (a case
      report).

PMID- 977385
TI  - Prolonged extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support with a membrane oxygenator pump
      system.

PMID- 977386
TI  - Alteration of the phagocytic function in cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 977387
TI  - [The ultrastructure of dyskeratotic and dysplastic keratinocytes in oral
      epithelium (author's transl)].
AB  - The fine structural morphology of dyskeratotic and dysplastic keratinocytes in
      human oral epithelium was investigated by light microscopy as well as by
      transmission and scanning-electron microscopy. On the epithelial-connective
      tissue border, marked changes are seen in the form of polymorphous microinvasive
      cytoplasmic processes of basal keratinocytes, structural alterations of the
      basement membrane and rarefaction of the subepithelial connective tissue.
      Dyskeratotic keratinocytes with abnormal tonofilament configuration are
      phagocytized by dermal macrophages and are transported to the lamina propria.
      Ultrastructural signs of atypia are found in the nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasmic
      organelles and mitotic apparatus. Furthermore, multiple alterations of the plasma
      membrane, decrease in numbers of junctional complexes and acantholytic widened
      intercellular spaces are observed. Intracytoplasmic lumina are formed by
      endocytotic invagination of desmosome-studed plasma membrane regions at the cell
      surface. Despite an inverse relationship between the degree of keratinization and
      the glycogen content of the epithelium at the subcellular level, large amounts of
      glycogen are found in some keratinocytes. The epithelial surface is formed by
      hyper-, para-, or orthokeratosis, or shows individual cell keratinization,
      alteration of the disintegration process and defective keratin synthesis. The
      ultrastructural analysis of dysplastic keratinocyte populations reveals some
      morphological criteria common with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, which may be
      important in the early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant transformation of
      epithelial dysplasia.

PMID- 977388
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of electrophysiologic tests in Bell's palsy: report on a
      longterm follow-up study in 100 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The present study is based upon the results of repeated electrodiagnostic tests
      carried out in a series of 100 cases of Bell's palsy (Determination of Rheobase
      and Chronaxy). The first symptoms of denervation can be observed during the
      second week after the onset of the paralysis. This seems to be the critical
      period in which the ultimate consequences of the lesion are determined: partial
      or total recovery or complete irreversible denervation. In cases showing a rapid
      increase of chronaxy during the 2nd week, prognosis is rather poor because a
      difference of 240% between the affected and the normal side indicates a
      progressive denervation. Cases in which the difference of chronaxy values during
      the 2nd week is increased upto 240% (i.e. partial denervation) recover
      incompletely in 15% of the cases. Estimation of prognosis in Bell's palsy and
      timing of a facial nerve decompression must be based on reliable facts, such as
      the results of repeated electrodiagnostic tests (modified measurement of Rheobase
      and Chronaxy) carried out at least every secont but preferably every day during
      the first 3 weeks after the onset of the paresis.

PMID- 977389
TI  - [An intralabyrinthine and intratympanic acoustic neuroma (author's transl)].
AB  - An intra labyrinthine acoustic neuroma, which had simulated otitis media, is
      reported. The tumour had extended into the cavum tympani over the basal turn of
      the cochlea and into all the seimicircular canals. The bulk of the tumour lay in
      a wide defect between the vestibule and the fundus of the internal auditory
      canal. The literature on intralabyrinthine neuromas is reviewed.

PMID- 977391
TI  - [A pediatric audiometer for otologic practice (author's transl)].

PMID- 977390
TI  - [Applied phoniatry: II. dyslalia and dysgrammatism (author's transl)].

PMID- 977392
TI  - [The time for plastic surgery in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 977393
TI  - [Applied anatomy of the facial nerve. I. Nuclei, supranuclear connectiions and
      peripheral nerve (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinically important anatomy and morphology of the facial nerve is reviewed.
      The nuclei, and the supranuclear and internuclear connections are described, and
      the facial canal, its dehiscences and its relation with the nerve are discussed
      in detail.

PMID- 977394
TI  - [Hazards associated with artificial humidification in tracheotomized patients
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Bacteriological testing in tracheotomized patients has shown that infection can
      be avoided when only sterilized water is used for post-surgical humidification
      and is disinfected at least every two days. In so doing, water condensation can
      be avoided by the use of concomitant tube heating. Conclusions indicate that
      humidifers which utilize water evaporation are more useful in patient care than
      ultra-sonic nebulizers.

PMID- 977395
TI  - [Cervical-nystagmus as related to vertebral receptors].
AB  - Two patients with absent peripheral labyrinthine function are reported, in whome
      cervical nystagmus could be demonstrated. Return of labyrinthine function with
      simultaneous disappearance of the cervical nystagmus in one of the patients
      demonstrates existence of receptors in the upper three vertebral joints and their
      potential influence on the vestibular system. Pathogenetic as well as diagnostic
      functions of the sensory afferent systems of the upper cervical region are
      discussed.

PMID- 977396
TI  - [Endo-ecto-laryngeal dysproportion: a frequent cause of dysplastic dysphonia
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A post-mutational laryngeal dysplasia is described which results in rapid vocal
      fatigue and chronic dysphonia. Pathognostically important in the respiratory
      position is a profile-deficient endolarynx, combined with hypoplastic Morgagni
      ventricle and distinct vocal cord contour in the phonatory position. We interpret
      this dysplasia as the consequence of a dysproportionate growth process during
      which the growth of the endolaryngeal soft tissue fails to match that of the
      laryngeal frame.

PMID- 977397
TI  - [Combined treatment of a cicatrised post-intubation complication with surgery and
      medication summary (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of postintubation laryngotracheal injury is described. The paramedian
      position of the vocal cords was found to be a consequence of cicatrix in the area
      of the posterior commissure, and by a luxation with ankylosis of the right
      cricoarytenoid joint. Paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was excluded by
      electromyography. Multiple incisions of the cicatrix failed to correct the
      problem, whereas subsequent incision followed by intensive therapy with
      fludrocortisone and hyaluronidase was successful in management. In administering
      the medication, a new simplifed method for translaryngeal injection is described.

PMID- 977398
TI  - [Prolonged endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy in children (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Five patients with subglottic tracheal stenosis following prolonged endotracheal
      intubation are reported. To minimize tracheal stenosis the indications for
      prolonged intubation should be well defined and tracheostomy considered as an
      alternative. The incidence of tracheal stenosis following prolonged intubation is
      stimilar to that following tracheostomy. The risk of stenosis increases with the
      duration of intubation, the degree of physical trauma to the laryngotracheal
      mucosa (suction, tube changing, restlessness), infection of the trachea or
      larynx, and with the age of the child. Prolonged intubation necessitates sedation
      and intensive care. Tracheostomy has a higher mortality but this and the risk of
      stenosis depend greatly on the operative technique. Particularly in cases where
      prolonged intubation increase the risk of tracheal stenosis, the advantages of
      tracheotomy become evident. Tracheostomised children rarely need sedation, the
      tracheobronchial tree can be easily and carefully toileted and the changing of
      the tube is without risk. Neither method is absolutely preferable, but the
      correct application of both will minimise the complication rate. The indications
      for each may be summarised as follows: for primary treatment of acute respiratory
      distress in children prolonged intubation is the treatment of choice. If after 3
      days there is no chance of extubation, tracheostomy should be considered but this
      depends also on the child's age and behaviour, and on the laryngotracheal mucosal
      reaction. The younger the child the more cautiously should tracheostomy be
      considered. Children under 2 years of age should only be tracheostomised if there
      is no alternative.

PMID- 977399
TI  - Optimum fractionation of the C3H mouse mammary carcinoma using x-rays, the
      hypoxic-cell radiosensitizer Ro-07-0582, or fast neutrons.

PMID- 977400
TI  - Clinical and histological factors of prognostic importance in breast cancer.

PMID- 977401
TI  - Changes in functional vascularity and cell number following x-irradiation of a
      murine carcinoma.

PMID- 977402
TI  - Changes in platelet and microcirculation function induced by ionizing radiation
      to the liver.

PMID- 977403
TI  - The effect of prolonged hypoxia on growth and viability of Chinese hamster cells.

PMID- 977404
TI  - The pathogenesis of brain necrosis: time and dose parameters.

PMID- 977405
TI  - Solitary metastases in the lung.

PMID- 977406
TI  - Pulmonary metastases: vascular supply and diagnosis.

PMID- 977407
TI  - Systemic treatment of breast cancer: past, present and future.

PMID- 977408
TI  - The importance of distinguishing tumor grade in malignant gliomas: treatment and
      prognosis.

PMID- 977409
TI  - A technique to evaluate styrofoam cutouts used in irregular field shaping.

PMID- 977410
TI  - A method of delivering homogeneous irradiation to small animals.

PMID- 977411
TI  - Radiation doses following intensive chemotherapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's
      disease.

PMID- 977412
TI  - Nominal standard dose (NSD) and radiation tolerance of the pig kidney.

PMID- 977413
TI  - The case for subclassification of the malignant gliomas.

PMID- 977414
TI  - LIGHTCAST: an aid to planning, treatment and immobilization in radiotherapy and
      research.

PMID- 977415
TI  - Afterloading with miniaturized 137Cs sources in the treatment of cancer of the
      uterus.

PMID- 977416
TI  - Supra-lethal dose--a concept never explained.

PMID- 977417
TI  - Why form a national pituitary tumor registry?

PMID- 977418
TI  - Late local recurrences in patients with head and neck cancer treated by
      irradiation and intra-arterial infusion.

PMID- 977419
TI  - Techniques and results of a comprehensive dental care program in head and neck
      cancer patients.

PMID- 977420
TI  - Tumor persistence as a predictor of outcome after radiation therapy of head and
      neck cancers.

PMID- 977421
TI  - Evidence for reinitiation of proliferative activity following alkylation or
      radiation.

PMID- 977422
TI  - Influence of the circadian rhythm of cell division on the effect of x-irradiation
      in the regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 977423
TI  - Biochemical and morphological changes in the epithelial cells of the small
      intestine after irradiation.

PMID- 977424
TI  - X-ray excision repair replication and radiation survival in placental mammal
      cells.

PMID- 977425
TI  - Liver RNA metabolism in adrenalectomized and intact whole-body irradiated and 5
      fluoroorotic acid treated rats.

PMID- 977426
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of liver rRNA maturation in irradiated and 5
      fluoroorotic acid treated rats.

PMID- 977427
TI  - Continuity of services: the managers' challenge.

PMID- 977428
TI  - Comparison of acoustic reflex and behavioral thresholds as a function of stimulus
      frequency and duration.
AB  - Threshold-duration functions for the acoustic reflex and threshold-duration
      functions based upon behavioral measures were obtained on the same group of
      subjects and compared. The mean temporal integration for the acoustic reflex
      threshold appears to be comparable to that for the behavioral threshold for
      stimuli of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, but marked individual differences exist in
      temporal integration of the acoustic reflex. At 4000 Hz, the mean change in the
      reflex threshold as a function of stimulus duration is significantly greater than
      the change in the behavioral threshold under the same conditions, suggesting that
      in the elicitation of the acoustic reflex the auditory system processes energy
      less efficiently at 4000 Hz than it does at lower frequencies.

PMID- 977429
TI  - Perception of time-compressed consonant-nucleus-consonant monosyllables by non
      native speaker/listeners of English.
AB  - Recent investigations of time-altered speech have dealt with the effect of time
      compression and sensation level on intelligibility scores of native
      speaker/listeners of English. In the present investigation, the intelligibility
      of time-compressed consonant-nucleus-consonant monosyllables was studied using
      English speaker/listeners whose native languages are Spanish or Indo-Dravidian.
      Results supported earlier findings in that intelligibility decreased as a
      function of increasing percentage of time compression and decreasing sensation
      level. This effect was more prominent for the Indo-Dravidian than for Spanish
      speaker/listeners. The Spanish group of subjects showed generally lower
      difference scores than did the Indo-Dravidian group when compared to native
      English speaker/listeners.

PMID- 977430
TI  - Study of the classical and modified alternate binaural loudness balance tests in
      normal and pathological ears.
AB  - This study was carried out to examine recruitment of loudness measured by the
      classical and the modified, self-recording alternate binaural loudness balance
      tests in 20 normal subjects and in 14 patients with various kinds of ear
      pathology. In spite of individual variability, the modified method, when used as
      described in this study, does provide an indication of the presence or absence of
      loudness recruitment.

PMID- 977431
TI  - Modified rhyme test and synthetic sentence identification test scores of normal
      and hearing-impaired subjects listening in multitalker noise.
AB  - Articulation functions were established for 35 normal hearing, 6 flat
      sensorineural, and 6 high frequency sloping sensorineural hearing-impaired
      subjects using the modified rhyme test (MRT) and synthetic sentence
      identification test (SSIT) in three message competition ratios (MCRs) of
      multitalker noise. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences
      between tests, subject groups, presentation conditions, and interactions between
      variables. Post hoc analyses revealed that SSIT functions were not significantly
      different among groups, and that MRT functions were different for each group. The
      MRT and SSIT were found to be two significantly different tests, each taxing
      different areas of discrimination. Results suggest that both tests can be used
      clinically with various MCRs of multitalker noise, but that the poorest MCR for
      each test does not aid in defining discrimination abilities.

PMID- 977432
TI  - Endotexemia in the horse.

PMID- 977433
TI  - Urethral blockage in male cats.

PMID- 977434
TI  - Boarding animals--some legal aspects.

PMID- 977435
TI  - The many faces of the malpractice enigma.

PMID- 977436
TI  - Dermatophilosis in two dogs.

PMID- 977437
TI  - Surgical repair of atrial septal defect in a dog.
AB  - Atrial septal defect, a relatively rare canine congenital cardiovascular defect,
      caused syncope during excitement in a 5-year-old male Boxer dog. The defect was
      successfully repaired by open heart surgery.

PMID- 977438
TI  - Traumatically induced bullous lung lesions in the dog: a radiographic report of
      three cases.
AB  - Three dogs with automobile-induced trauma had radiographic evidence of multiple
      bullous pulmonary lesions. Two of these dogs were subsequently reexamined, and
      resolution of their lesions was demonstrated radiographically.

PMID- 977439
TI  - Failure of antibiotic therapy in calves with mycoplasmal arthritis and pneumonia.

PMID- 977440
TI  - Evaluation of monensin toxicity in the horse.
AB  - Gelded horses of mixed breeding, ranging in weight between 360 and 455 kg, were
      fed pellets that contained monensin at concentrations of 279, 124, 31, and 0 ppm.
      Of 2 horses fed 279 ppm (253 g/T), both died. Of 3 horses fed 125 ppm (113 g/T),
      1 died; feed intake was reduced in the 2 survivors. Of 3 horses fed 31 ppm (28
      g/T), 1 had a transitory reduction in feed intake and the other 2 remained
      clinically normal. The 2 horses fed 0 ppm remained clinically normal. Monensin
      was also given to horses by gavage, at dosages of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 20 mg/kg of body
      weight. The LD50 was estimated to be between 2 and 3 mg/kg of body weight. The
      signs of toxicosis were partial to complete anorexia, ataxia, and intermittent
      profuse sweating.

PMID- 977441
TI  - Naturally occurring and experimentally induced eastern encephalomyelitis in
      calves.
AB  - Eastern encephalomyelitis virus was isolated from the brain of 2 calves with
      encephalomyelitis. Using the isolant from 1 of these calves, the disease was
      reproduced in a clinically normal calf. Histopathologic features conformed with
      those described for eastern encephalomyelitis in the horse.

PMID- 977442
TI  - Antitrust actions against the professions.

PMID- 977443
TI  - Calcitonin in the goat.

PMID- 977444
TI  - Intrapelvic cyst as a urinary obstruction in a bitch.

PMID- 977445
TI  - Dissecting hematoma of corpus spongiosum and urinary bladder rupture in a
      stallion.

PMID- 977446
TI  - Chronic active hepatic disease in a dog.

PMID- 977447
TI  - Percutaneous transthoracic liver biopsy in the dog.

PMID- 977448
TI  - Coagulopathy and encephalopathy in a dog with acute hepatic necrosis.
AB  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation developed secondary to hepatic necrosis in
      a 5-year-old Saint Bernard. Although the coagulopathy responded to treatment with
      heparin, the dog died from the combined effects of gastric hemorrhage and
      encephalopathy, both of which are complications of hepatic necrosis.

PMID- 977449
TI  - A muscle disorder of Labrador retrievers characterized by deficiency of type II
      muscle fibers.
AB  - A muscle disorder was detected in 5 Labrador Retrievers. The age of onset was
      less than 6 months. The clinical signs, which were exaggerated with exercise,
      cold, or excitement, included abnormal head and neck posture, and a stiff,
      forced, hopping gait. A marked deficiency of skeletal muscle mass resulted in
      poor conformation. Both black and yellow Labrador Retrievers were affected, and
      pedigree studies indicated the disorder may have been inherited as an autosomal
      recessive trait. Some relief of the clinical signs was afforded by treatment with
      diazepam. Marked creatinuria and low serum creatine phosphokinase activity were
      the only consistent, abnormal laboratory findings. Histologic and cytochemical
      examinations of muscle biopsy specimens revealed a relative predominance of type
      I and a deficiency of type II skeletal muscle fibers. Electromyographic studies
      of the affected dogs indicated a myotonic defect.

PMID- 977451
TI  - Shocking the sensibilities.

PMID- 977450
TI  - A modified lateral surgical approach to the elbow of the dog.

PMID- 977452
TI  - The blowgun in veterinary practice: its uses and preparation.

PMID- 977453
TI  - Immobilization of giraffes with xylazine and etorphine hydrochloride.

PMID- 977454
TI  - Intravenously administered ketamine HCl and diazepam for anesthesia of raptors.
AB  - A combination of ketamine HCl and diazepam given intravenously was successfully
      utilized to induce anesthesia for various surgical procedures in 40 raptors. A
      dosage of 30 to 40 mg of ketamine HCl/kg of body weight and 1.0 to 1.5 mg of
      diazepam/kg of body weight was satisfactory for diurnal raptors. Owls were more
      sensitive to the anesthetic combination, necessitating greater care in
      anesthetizing them. Abundant body fat was found to be an important factor in
      calculation of the proper dose of this combination.

PMID- 977455
TI  - Depression of a newborn elk calf associated with the prepartum use of etorphine
      hydrochloride in the dam.

PMID- 977456
TI  - Intestinal nematodes of white-tailed deer in southeastern United States.
AB  - The small intestine, large intestine, and cecum of 975 white-tailed deer
      (Odocoileus virginianus) from 83 localities in 13 southeastern states were
      examined for nematodes. In order of prevalence, the following parasites were
      found: Capillaria bovis, Eucyathostomum webbi, Monodontus louisianensis,
      Nematodirus odocoilei, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris sp, Cooperia
      punctata, Trichostrongylus longispicularis, Strongyloides sp, Cooperia oncophora,
      Cooperia spatulata, Cooperia sp, and Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Over one-half
      of the deer examined were free of intestinal nematodes, and most infected deer
      harbored few parasites. Of the most prevalent species, C bovis, N odocoilei, O
      venulosum, and Trichuris sp were widely distributed, whereas M louisianensis and
      E webbi were restricted in distribution. Severe pathogenicity was associated with
      only heavy Strongyloides sp infections in 2 penned deer. The findings of this
      study suggested that white-tailed deer of the Southeast are insignificant in the
      epizootiology of important intestinal nematodes of domestic livestock.

PMID- 977457
TI  - Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild and domestic animals in
      northern California.
AB  - Wild and domestic animals from 3 geographic-climatologic areas in northern
      California were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. A total of 2,796
      serum samples representing 37 species of wild mammals, 35 species of wild birds,
      and 5 species of domestic animals were tested by the indirect hemagglutination
      test. Of 1,174 wild mammal serums tested, 10.8% were positive, which compared
      with 14.7% of the 1,221 domestic mammal serums. Of 229 wild carnivores tested,
      45% were seropositive, including 69% of 86 bobcats, 28% of 58 coyotes, 48% of 25
      raccoons, 27% of 26 gray foxes, 22% of 32 striped skunks, a civet cat, and a
      mink. Serologic evidence of infection was found in 38% of 47 rural domestic cats,
      but none of the 7 dogs tested was seropositive. Of 160 murid rodents (rats and
      house mice) in rural habitats, 4% were seropositive, which compared with 2% of
      399 cricetine rodents (mostly deer mice) collected from wilderness habitats.
      Seven percent of 56 wild Artiodactyla (deer and feral pigs) were seropositive,
      which compared with 15% of 1,048 domestic sheep tested. Of 401 birds tested, 3.5%
      had antibodies against T gondii. The highest prevalence of antibodies among birds
      was in crows (14%). Toxoplasma was isolated from 1 raven, by mouse inoculation.
      In general, the highest prevalence of seropositive carnivores, rodents, and sheep
      was in the coastal region below 100 ft elevation, where the weather is cool and
      damp for much of the year. In the central valley the highest prevalence among
      sheep was in areas under irrigation. The prevalence of antibodies was lowest in
      the mountain areas, where climatologic extremes prevail at various seasons of the
      year.

PMID- 977458
TI  - Louse infestation of Asian elephants.

PMID- 977459
TI  - Fatal air sac infection with Serratospiculum amaculata in a prairie falcon.

PMID- 977460
TI  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in two East African oryxes.
AB  - Tuberculous lesions were observed at necropsy of 2 East African oryxes (Oryx
      gazella beisa) at a municipal zoological park in Jackson, Ms. Microscopic
      examination revealed granulomas containing acid-fast bacilli in the lungs and
      liver of both animals, as well as in the uterus and mediastinal lymph nodes of 1
      animal. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the tissues of both oryxes
      and from fluid aspirated from the mammary gland of 1 oryx; the organism was
      pathogenic for guinea pigs but not for rabbits.

PMID- 977461
TI  - Pulmonary tuberculosis in a sulfur-crested cockatoo.
AB  - An adult, female sulfur-crested cockatoo (Kakatoe sp) was examined because of
      dyspnea associated with hemoptysis. On radiographic examination there was a large
      cystic pulmonary mass that, on aspiration, was found to contain thick sanguineous
      fluid. Ziehl-Neelsen staining of aspirate smears revealed numerous acid-fast
      organisms. Gross necropsy and microscopic findings suggested a diagnosis of
      tuberculosis, with primary focus of infection in the pulmonary tissues.
      Bacteriologic isolation and typing confirmed a diagnosis of tuberculosis and
      established Mycobacterium avium as the etiologic agent.

PMID- 977462
TI  - Tuberculosis in captive exotic birds.
AB  - Avian tuberculosis was studied clinically and pathologically in 137 affected
      birds from the National Zoological Park during a 7-year period (1969-1975).
      Twelve of 22 orders exhibited were affected by the disease, and the highest
      annual mortality was 4% (in 1975). Antemortem diagnosis of early cases of the
      disease, based on tuberculin testing, and serologic, hematologic, and
      radiographic studies, was inconsistent and often not conclusive. Pathologically,
      the diseases primarily involved digestive organs and spleen. There was a spectrum
      of lesions consisting of nodules of large foamy histiocytes packed with acid-fast
      bacilli to giant cell-containing granulomas that were often caseous but not
      cavitated or calcified. Amyloidosis was seen in approximately 20% of the cases.
      Mycobacterium avium serotype 1 was isolated from 30 tuberculous birds cultured.
      There was no sex predilection, and most of the affected birds were adults ranging
      from 1 to 10 years of age.

PMID- 977464
TI  - Stomatitis in a boa constrictor.

PMID- 977463
TI  - Fetal maceration and suppurative metritis in a mule deer.

PMID- 977465
TI  - Tyzzer's disease in two coyotes.

PMID- 977466
TI  - Hypopyon in a tortoise.

PMID- 977467
TI  - Systemic mycoses in marine mammals.
AB  - Thirty-four cases of systemic mycosis in marine mammals were represented by 9
      genera of fungi. All cases were characterized by pulmonary involvement, with
      miliary spread to abdominal organs. Cases were geographically distributed among
      Hawaii, northern United States, Europe, New Zealand, and southern Asia.

PMID- 977468
TI  - Dermatophilosis among wild raccoons in New York State.
AB  - Dermatophilus congolensis was established as the cause of dermatitis in 8
      raccoons, as determined from examination of carcasses and untreated hides.
      Encrusted lesions were restricted to or more pronounced in the areas around the
      eyes, along the snout, and on the skin in the tarsal and carpal regions. The
      causative agent was demonstrated through direct examination of stained paraffin
      sections, isolation in pure culture, or examination of stained smears from
      lesions induced experimentally in rabbits with material from the affected
      raccoons.

PMID- 977469
TI  - Osteochondroma in a lioness.

PMID- 977470
TI  - Myopathy and myoglobinuria in a wild white-tailed deer.
AB  - Fatal myopathy similar to "capture myopathy" described for African game was
      diagnosed in a wild white-tailed deer. Clinical signs included depression,
      inability to rise or stand, and myoglobinuria. Values for serum creatine
      phosphokinase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and blood urea nitrogen were
      high. The deer died 42 hours after capture. At necropsy the muscles of the limbs
      had a waxy, "cooked" appearance and the kidneys were brown. Microscopic findings
      included severe degeneration and fragmentation of skeletal muscle fibers,
      nephrosis, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, myocardial degeneration, and anoxic
      neuronal degeneration.

PMID- 977471
TI  - Fluorescein angiography of the normal and diseased ocular fundi of the laboratory
      dog.
AB  - A method was determined for fluorescein angiography of the ocular fundus of the
      laboratory Beagle, using a portable fluorescein fundus camera. A 10% solution of
      sodium fluorescein was injected by a syringe pump in the right cephalic vein of
      each dog. Acepromazine maleate (0.5 mg/kg, IV) with ketamine hydrochloride (10
      mg/kg, IM) provided chemical restraint. Of the 10-, 25-, and 50-mg/kg dosages of
      fluorescein, 25 mg/kg permitted satisfactory fluorescence of the choroidal and
      retinal vasculature and the recirculation phase. High-speed color film permitted
      good quality photography of the tapetal and nontapetal retinal vessels. Reduced
      retinal blood vessel and pigment epithelium permeability was demonstrated by
      fluorescein angiography in dogs with chorioretinitis associated with systemic
      blastomycosis, retinitis associated with distemper, serous retinal detachment,
      and preretinal hemorrhage.

PMID- 977472
TI  - Pyloroduodenal resection in a Burmese python.

PMID- 977473
TI  - Surgical correction of bilateral lens luxation in an African lion.

PMID- 977474
TI  - Immune response of channel catfish under different environmental conditions.
AB  - Channel catfish were maintained under conditions of low (15.4 C) and fluctuating
      (15.4 to 26.9 C/24 hours) temperatures, low (126 mg/L NO3-N) and high (289 mg/L
      NO3-N) nitrate in recirculating systems, crowding (171 g body mass/L), and
      fasting. They were vaccinated with formalin-killed enteric red-mouth bacterium,
      and antibody titers were monitored weekly for 10 weeks. Only those fish
      maintained in low or fluctuating temperature environments had significant (P less
      than 0.01) immunosuppression. The other environmental conditions studies, which
      are commonly encountered in intensive fish culture operations, did not compromise
      the humoral immune response of channel catfish.

PMID- 977475
TI  - An ultrastructural survey of cat dentinal tubules.
AB  - The extent of the odontoblast process, the distribution of intratubular nerve
      like structures, and tubule dimensions, have been measured in cat dentine. The
      odontoblast process varies in extent throughout the tooth. At most levels it is
      limited to inner dentine, extending further out only in the cervical region. This
      variation supports the view that the limited extent of the process occurs in vivo
      and is not an artefact of fixation. No nerve-like processes were found within
      dentinal tubules in this study, indicating the rarity of such structures. The
      tubules in the dentine of the cat are more variable in number but narrower than
      those of man and occupy a relatively smaller proportion of the volume of the
      tissue. Some factor other than tubule numbers and size must be responsible for
      the greater access which chemical stimuli seem to have to nerve terminals beneath
      cat, as opposed to human, dentine.

PMID- 977477
TI  - Musculature of facial scent glands in the muntjac.
AB  - The muscles associated with the very large preorbital glands of muntjacs
      (Muntiacus) are described. Although the two muntjac fawns examined were only 10
      days old, their muscles were proportionately larger than those in adult specimens
      of North American cervids. A muscle, not found in North American cervids, but
      well developed in muntjacs, is probably responsible for the eversion of muntjacs'
      preorbital glands.

PMID- 977476
TI  - Compensatory muscular hypertrophy in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the
      mouse.
AB  - Hypertrophy of the extensor digitorum longus muscle after surgical removal of its
      companion tibialis anterior muscle has been studied in mice. Early, intermediate
      and late stages in the process of hypertrophy have been defined. The proportional
      increase in the man cross sectional area of fibres in a hypertrophic muscle
      consistently exceeded the proportional increase in the weight of the same muscle
      in all animals. This suggests that hypoplasis (loss of fibres) was occurring.
      This work was carried out with the aid of grants from the Medical Research
      Council and Science Research Council of Great Britain.

PMID- 977478
TI  - The development of the dorsal funiculus in the human spinal cord.
AB  - 1. The development of the dorsal funiculus of the human cord is described from
      the second month to the end of the fourth. 2. The fasciculus cuneatus arises as a
      distinct bundle of fibres near the mid-line in the ninth week. This gradually
      spreads laterally, and to it is joined the more medial fasciculus gracilis. 3.
      The original embryonic dorsal marginal layer is displaced laterally, and may
      possibly become the dorsolateral tract adjacent to the dorsal horn. 4. The
      appearance of the future 'epicritic' pathway is accompanied by a marked wave of
      differentiation in cervical and thoracic ganglia. 5. The implications of these
      findings are discussed in relation to the problems of peripheral and central
      factors in nervous development.

PMID- 977479
TI  - The ultrastructure of implanted trophoblast cells of the yellow agouti mouse.
AB  - An electron microscope study of ultrathin sections of trophoblast cells of
      implanting blastocysts resulting from the crossing of heterozygous yellow agouti
      mice has been conducted. Several conditions for successful preparation of the
      blastocysts have been described. These include avoidance of the use of sucrose in
      the buffers, reduction of specimen washing times and exclusion of propylene oxide
      from the dehydration procedure. Electron micrographs of cells from a blastocyst
      considered, on the basis of light microscopy, to be 'abnormal' revealed a
      cytoplasm with many 'empty' areas and numerous 'vacuolated' mitochondria.
      Electron micrographs of cells from blastocysts considered to be 'normal'
      revealed, in one instance, a preponderance of cells with very few of these
      'abnormal' features, and, in the other instance, a preponderance of cells with
      many abnormalities. Both 'normal' blastocysts revealed cellular features usually
      regarded as either primitive or pathological, namely tight junctions, vacuolated
      mitochondria and mitochondria with cristae oriented parallel to their long axis.
      It was generally concluded that the appearance of the blastocysts, in the light
      microscope, at 100-105 hours of development, could not be used as a valid
      criterion of normality or abnormality, for, although a blastocyst classified as
      'abnormal' under the light microscope appeared 'abnormal' also in the electron
      microscope, those classified as 'normal' under the light microscope appeared
      either 'normal' or 'abnormal' in the electron microscope. This disturbing
      situation may indicate that the electron microscope is diagnosing 'abnormality'
      before the light microscope. The presence of immature forms of organelles (e.g.,
      vacuolated mitochondria) indicates either a failure to mature or regression.
      Failure to mature could be benign or of sinister import.

PMID- 977480
TI  - An ultrastructural study of keratinized epithelia in the rat soft palate.
AB  - The three kinds of keratinized epithelium evident on gross examination of the
      soft palate of Wistar albino rats were studied by scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy. Scanning indicated a central area where the epithelium
      showed numerous fine folds and papillae, more lateral areas which were smooth,
      and most lateral areas with fine folds only. At high magnifications the cell
      surfaces were seen to be pitted with numerous small craters. However, all three
      epithelia had a similar appearance under the transmission electron microscope,
      namely that of keratinized oral epithelia. The gross surface differences probably
      reflect functional modifications.

PMID- 977481
TI  - Evaluation of intrahepatic arterial branching patterns in corrosion casts.
AB  - A study of the branching pattern of the hepatic artery in 85 human livers has
      been undertaken in corrosion casts. The various branching patterns observed are
      described in detail and compared with observations of other workers.

PMID- 977482
TI  - Changes in articular cartilage following intraarticular injection of tritiated
      glyceryl trioleate.
AB  - The effects of intra-articular injections of non-radioactive and tritium-labelled
      glyceryl trioleate into the mandibular and knee joints of adult rabbits have been
      investigated using autoradiographic and histochemical techniques and electron
      microscopy. As observed at the fourth day after operation, fat droplets
      accumulate in cells of the fibrous, intermediate and cartilaginous layers of
      mandibular condylar, and in the superficial and upper middle (rather than the
      deeper) zones of femoral condylar cartilage. Autoradiography of frozen sections
      shows that numerous silver grains are located over these fat-laden cells
      following injection of trioleate which has been labelled in the fatty acid moiety
      of the molecule. In the knee joint the number of grains is directly related to
      the amount of lipid in the cell. Following injection of glyceryl-labelled
      trioleate no such result is obtained; it seems doubtful whether or not there is
      any uptake of this label. However, synovial membrane from the knee joint appears
      to take up both kinds of trioleate. Results of histochemical methods of NADH
      diaphorase, lactic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucosaminidase are
      consistent with ultrastructural evidence of degeneration in some chondrocytes and
      of loss of ground substance from the matrix. A raised level of alpha
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity is probably associated with synthesis of
      endogenous glycerol for re-esterification of absorbed fatty acids, and enhanced
      activity of UDPglucose dehydrogenase with the chondrocytic reaction to matrix
      depletion. Apart from the increase in fat content, ultrastructural features in
      injected knee joints include flattening of cell processes against the chondrocyte
      surface and more abundant intracytoplasmic filaments. Injected mandibular joints
      show little evidence of these changes although the number of cells in the
      cartilage appears to be greatly reduced. No extracellular fat droplets occur in
      femoral cartilage, but material similar in electron density to intracellular fat
      is observed at the external aspect of some mandibular chondrocytes. The findings
      indicate that the fatty acid portion of triglyceride injected intra-articularly
      is taken up by the chondrocytes and retained until at least the fourth day after
      injection. It is suggested that prior lipolysis takes place either in the
      synovial cavity (or membrane) or at the chondrocyte surface, but it is uncertain
      how or in what form fat traverses the matrix. Lipoarthrosis appears to produce
      changes in the chondrocytes which are thought to be pathological; a number of
      cell deaths occur. The possibility that gross degeneration of the articular
      cartilage may ensue is subject to further investigation.

PMID- 977483
TI  - Some biochemical properties in the excised hearts of stress susceptible and
      stress resistant pigs.

PMID- 977484
TI  - Effect of protein malnutrition of the sow on reproductive performance and on
      postnatal learning and performance of the offspring.

PMID- 977485
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in oocytes, unfertilized eggs and
      embryos from mice and cattle.

PMID- 977486
TI  - Reproductive physiology of the stallion. VI. Seminal and behavioral
      characteristics.

PMID- 977487
TI  - Reproductive physiology of the stallion. VII. Chemical characteristics of seminal
      plasma and spermatozoa.

PMID- 977488
TI  - Effect of cooling, storage, glycerolization and spermatozoal numbers on equine
      fertility.

PMID- 977489
TI  - Luteinizing hormone, testosterone, growth and carcass responses to sexual
      alteration in the ram.

PMID- 977490
TI  - Seasonal changes in sexual activity and serum levels of LH and testosterone in
      Finnish Landrace and Suffolk rams.

PMID- 977491
TI  - Effect of processing procedures on motility of bovine spermatozoa frozen in .25
      ML straws.

PMID- 977492
TI  - Intraspecies relationship between fasting heat production and body weight: a
      reevaluation of W.

PMID- 977493
TI  - Influence of dietary treatment on rat carcass DDT residues and toxicity
      parameters.

PMID- 977494
TI  - Luteal function in the hysterectomized prepuberal gilt.

PMID- 977495
TI  - Effect of short-term progestogen treatment on induction of estrus and lambing in
      anestrous ewes.

PMID- 977496
TI  - Ovarian follicular atresia and follicular estradiol-17beta after unilateral
      overiectomy in pregnant gilts.

PMID- 977497
TI  - Maturation in vitro and subsequent penetrability of bovine follicular oocytes.

PMID- 977498
TI  - Effects of thermal stress, breed and stress susceptibility on corticosteroid
      binding globulin in swine.

PMID- 977499
TI  - Degradation of amino acids by pure cultures of rumen bacteria.

PMID- 977500
TI  - Degradation of amino acids by the mixed rumen microbial population.

PMID- 977501
TI  - Magnesium utilization in wethers fed diets with varying ratios of nitrogen to
      readily fermentable carbohydrate.

PMID- 977503
TI  - Acidosis in feedlot cattle: practical observations.

PMID- 977502
TI  - Postabsorptive distribution of 14C-labeled fatty acids in sheep.

PMID- 977504
TI  - Stress response and muscle properties in pietrain (P), Minnesota no 1 (M) and PxM
      pigs.

PMID- 977505
TI  - Protein and energy in the diet of the weanling pig.

PMID- 977506
TI  - Effect of pyrrolizidine alkaloids on liver microsome mixed-function oxidase
      activity in rats.

PMID- 977507
TI  - Estimates of the kinetic parameters of growth hormone metabolism in fed and
      fasted calves and sheep.

PMID- 977508
TI  - Estimated fuminal production of pseudovitamin B12, factor A and factor B in
      sheep.

PMID- 977509
TI  - Effect of potassium and hypomagnesemia on insulin in the bovine.

PMID- 977510
TI  - Influence of dietary protein and energy on reproductive performance and nitrogen
      metabolism in Finn-Cross ewes.

PMID- 977511
TI  - Influence of dietary energy during gestation on lambing performance, and glucose
      metabolism in Finn-Cross ewes.

PMID- 977512
TI  - Influence of dietary roughage level on reproductive rate in ewe lambs.

PMID- 977513
TI  - Distribution heterogeneity of muscle fiber types in the rabbit longissimus
      muscle.

PMID- 977514
TI  - A multiple-baseline analysis of social-skills training in chronic schizophrenics.
AB  - Social-skills training was applied to two male chronic schizophrenics. Component
      behaviors of social skill requiring modification were identified for each patient
      by rating videotapes of role-played interactions. Training involved instructions
      and feedback for one subject and instructions, feedback, and modelling for the
      second. Target behaviors were treated sequentially and cumulatively in a multiple
      baseline format. Training was applied for both positive and negative assertion
      and for situation involving males and females. The results were positive for all
      behaviors for both patients. Follow-ups at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after training
      indicated that most effects were maintained at near-treatment levels.

PMID- 977515
TI  - Reducing time limits: a means to increase behavior of retardates.
AB  - A common assumption in special education is that temporal limits for a task
      should be expanded so that ample time is provided for completing the work. This
      study describes the opposite strategy of restricting temporal limits to augment
      academic performance. Three educable retarded children received token
      reinforcement contingent on the number of correct math problems answered during
      daily sessions. A reversal design was used to assess the effects of an abrupt
      reduction in time limits (20-5-20 min) and a graduated sequence of reductions (20
      15-10-5-20 min). The graduated sequence resulted in rate increases of correct
      responding ranging from 125% to 266% and these gains endured when temporal limits
      were again expanded. In contrast, the abrupt shift produced interfering emotional
      behaviors and rate decreases in academic performance of 25% to 80%. The findings
      indicate that systematically restricting temporal limits for an academic task can
      further enhance the performance of slow learners already maintained by a token
      system.

PMID- 977516
TI  - The cellblock token economy: token reinforcement procedures in a maximum security
      correctional institution for adult male felons.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted (1) to explore the application of token
      reinforcement procedures in a maximum security correctional institution for adult
      male felons and (2) to determine to what extent the reinforcement procedures
      disrupted the day-to-day lives of inmate participants. In Experiment 1, an
      expanded reversal design revealed that the combination of praise and token
      reinforcement was more effective than the combinations of praise and
      noncontingent token award or direct commands on four common institutional
      activities. The latter two combinations were not found to be any more effective
      than praise alone. Experiment 2, which also employed a reversal design, indicated
      that the high levels of performance observed during the token reinforcement
      phases of Experiment 1 could be attained without subjecting participants to undue
      hardship in the form of increased deprivation of either social intercourse or the
      opportunity to engage in recreational and entertainment activities. Client
      safeguards are discussed in detail.

PMID- 977517
TI  - Employing task arrangements and verbal contingencies to promote verbalizations
      between retarded children.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of arranging task events for interdependence,
      to increase the probability of social responding. During task interdependence,
      the subjects, participating in dyads and a four-person group, obtained task
      materials (a puzzle piece) from their partner before completing their task
      (appropriately placing the puzzle piece). The verbal contingency required a
      verbal request to precede a subject's receiving a task material from his partner.
      The verbal contingency yoked with task interdependence made task completion
      contingent on the appropriate verbalization. The findings from two experiments
      suggested that task interdependence was sufficient to increase partner-directed
      verbalizations for three of the four subjects. When the verbal contingency was
      added, all subjects increased their requests and other verbalizations to partner.
      Applied to a four-person group, the verbal contingency yoked with varying levels
      of task interdependence correspondingly affected the pattern and level of group
      communications. The greater the task interdependence, i.e., the more members each
      subject depended on to complete his task, the more complex the social network of
      verbal contacts, and the higher the level of both requests and other
      verbalizations for the group.

PMID- 977518
TI  - The development and functional control of reading-comprehension behavior.
AB  - Reading comprehension, indicated by motor behavior and multiple-choice picture
      selection called for in written instructions, was taught to an autistic child
      using verbal prompts, modelling, and physical guidance. The child was rewarded
      for correct behaviors to training items; nonrewarded probes were used to assess
      generalization. Probable maintaining events were assessed through their
      sequential removal in a reversal design. Results showed: (a) following
      acquisition, performance was maintained at a near-100% level when candy, praise,
      attention, and training were removed, (b) absence of other persons was correlated
      with a marked decrease in performance, whereas their presence was associated with
      performance at near 100%, and (c) performance generalized to probes and across
      experimenters. Rewards, which may have been reinforcing during acquisition, did
      not appear necessary to maintain later performance. Instead, presence of others
      (a setting event) was demonstrated to have control over maintained performance.

PMID- 977519
TI  - The generalization effects of parent training across stimulus settings.
AB  - Five parents of nonverbal children were trained in two home settings to modify
      antecedents and consequences to their children's vocalizations. Generalization
      effects of the parent training on both the parent's and children's behaviors
      under different stimulus conditions were investigated using multiple-baseline
      designs. Increases in parent prompting and reinforcing their children's
      vocalizations generalized only minimally to a new setting in the home where
      parent training had not occurred. Child increases in vocalizations produced by
      the parents in the training settings did generalize to this new setting in the
      home. There was minimal generalization of child vocalizations to a free-play
      setting at school. In a formal speech session conducted by a behavior specialist
      at school, only one child showed definite increases in acquisition rate as a
      function of the parents starting to train the sound at home.

PMID- 977520
TI  - Teaching conversation-related skills to predelinquent girls.

PMID- 977521
TI  - Drug resistance and antiviral agents.

PMID- 977522
TI  - Cerebral abscess.

PMID- 977523
TI  - Gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 977524
TI  - Antibiotics in bone.

PMID- 977525
TI  - Structure activity relationships of thiosemicarbazones on vaccinia virus and IBT
      dependent mutant.

PMID- 977526
TI  - Lack of association between rifampicin-dependent antibodies and bacteriological
      response during intermittent rifampicin treatment.

PMID- 977528
TI  - Unrealistic nature of the 'MIC'.

PMID- 977527
TI  - Kinetic studies on the combination rifampicin-trimethoprim in man. I. Absorption
      and urinary excretion after administration to healthy volunteers of single doses
      of the two compounds alone and in combination, and of the combination over a
      period of 1 week.

PMID- 977529
TI  - Tissue concentrations of antibiotics.

PMID- 977530
TI  - Enhanced interstitial ampicillin levels after oral bacampicillin.

PMID- 977531
TI  - Manual on the standardization of care of the severely asthmatic child. Specific
      requirement of a residential unit for qualifying as a special rehabilitation
      center, Compiled by the Rehabilitation Committee of the American Academy of
      Pediatrics.

PMID- 977532
TI  - Comparison of an electronic spirometer with a pediatric Wright Peak Flow Meter
      and their relationship to clinical symptomatology in asthmatic children.
AB  - To evaluate the correlations between the Wright Peak Flow Meter and an Electronic
      Spirometer with clinical symptomatology in chronic asthmatic chidlren, objective
      measurements of Peak Flow (PF) on both electronic (Vanguard Electric Spirometer)
      and mechanical (Wright Peak Flow Meter) Spirometers, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC),
      Forced, Expiratory Volune 1/2 second (FEV 0.5), Forced Expiratory Volume 1/2 per
      cent (FEV 0.5%), AND Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate (MMEFR) were obtained.
      Subjective observations of clinical wheezing were recorded immediately before
      each flow rate by trained nurses. PF determinations of both the mechanical and
      electronic spirometers were in close agreement. PF on the electronic spirometer
      correlated best with clinical wheezing in this study. The MMEFR calculated from
      the electronically produced graphys had the nex best coefficient of corelation.
      These were followed by the PF measured mechanically on the WPFM.

PMID- 977533
TI  - Clinical application of quiet breathing airway resistance.

PMID- 977534
TI  - Psychosomatic group therapy with parents of children with intractable asthma.
      VII: The Temple family.

PMID- 977535
TI  - Release of enzymes by normal and wall-free cells of Chlamydomonas.
AB  - The phosphatase produced by the wild-type strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardi in
      media deprived of inorganic phosphate are found partly inside and partly outside
      the cells. The same enzymes are almost completely released by a mutant strain
      defective in cell wall formation. It is proposed that the failure of cell wall
      mutants to survive in certain conditions is related to their inability to retain
      certain essential compounds that are normally associated to the cell wall.

PMID- 977536
TI  - Selective inactivation of nitrogenase in Azotobacter vinelandii batch cultures.
AB  - When the exhaustion of sucrose or sulfate or the induction of encystment (by
      incubation in 0.2% beta-hydroxybutyrate) leads to termination of growth in
      Azotobacter vinelandii batch cultures, the nitrogenase levels in the organisms
      decreased rapidly, whereas glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase levels
      remained unaltered. Glutamate dehydrogenase activities were low during the whole
      culture cycle, indicating that ammonia assimilation proceeds via glutamine.
      Toward depletion of sucrose or during induction of encystment, slight secretion
      of ammonia with subsequent reabsorption was occasionally observed, whereas
      massive ammonia excretion occurred when the sulfate became exhausted. The
      extracellular ammonia levels were paralleled by changes in the glutamine
      synthetase activity. The inactivation of the nitrogenase is explained as a result
      of rising oxygen tension, a consequence of a metabolic shift-down (reduced
      respiration) that occurs in organisms entering the stationary phase.

PMID- 977537
TI  - Teichoic acids and lipids associated with the membrane of a Bacillus
      licheniformis mutant and the membrane lipids of the parental strain.
AB  - Bacillus licheniformis 6346 MH-1 and a phosphoglucomutase-deficient poorly lytic
      mutant, B. licheniformis 6346 MH-5, both contain cardiolipin, phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl glycerol but are devoid of phosphoglycolipids.
      Gentiobiosyl diglyceride is present in the parent organism but glycolipids are
      absent from the mutant. Lipoteichoic acid was extracted from the whole cells of
      MH-5 with hot aqueous phenol and contained fatty acids, glucosamine, and 1,3
      polyglycerol phosphate. The fatty acids were predominantly of the branched-chain
      type and were esterified to hydroxyl groups of a terminal glycerol residue. The
      polyglycerol phosphate chains contained, on average, 32 to 40 glycerol residues,
      some of which were substituted at the secondary hydroxyl group with alpha-N
      acylglucosaminyl residues. Phenol extraction of the supernatant fluid that
      remained when walls were removed from preparations of disrupted cells of MH-5
      yielded membrane teichoic acid, which consisted of substituted polyglycerol
      phosphate but was devoid of fatty acids.

PMID- 977538
TI  - Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by a T-strain mycoplasma
      (Ureaplasma).
AB  - A human T mycoplasma (Ureaplasma urealyticum) incorporated radioactivity into its
      lipids from [1-14C]acetate in the growth medium. Methanolysis of the lipids
      showed the label to be confined almost entirely to the methyl esters of the fatty
      acids. About 80% of the label was associated with the methyl esters of the
      saturated fatty acids, and the rest was found in the unsaturated methyl ester
      fraction. Gas-liquid chromatography of the saturated methyl esters showed the
      label to be present in the peaks of palmitate, myristate, and stearate, whereas
      in the unsaturated methyl ester fraction most of the radioactivity emerged in the
      peak of palmitoleate. The addition of either oleic or palmitic acid to the growth
      medium markedly decreased the organisms' incorporation of radioactivity from
      acetate. It is concluded that the T mycoplasma strain is capable of de novo
      synthesis of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, in this respect
      differing from all of the Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma strains investigated to
      date.

PMID- 977539
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a glycerol auxotroph of Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata: effect of lipid synthesis on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments.
AB  - A glycerol auxotroph was isolated from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata for use as a
      system for studying membrane synthesis and function. When the mutant was deprived
      of glycerol, net phospholipid synthesis ceased immediately and a small amount of
      free fatty acids accumulated. A turnover of lipid occurred in both deprived and
      supplemented cultures. Deoxyribonucleic acid and protein synthesis continued for
      one doubling of cell massand then slowed down in deprived cells. Net ribonucleic
      acid synthesis slowed down more dramatically. Oxidative phosphorylation activity
      of membrane preparations from aerobically and semi-anaerobically grown cells
      appeared unaffected by glycerol deprivation, indicating that simultaneous lipid
      synthesis is not a requirement for new oxidative phosphorylating activity. In the
      absence of net phospholipid synthesis, bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid
      syntheses were reduced to 30% of the activity of supplemented cultures. Delta
      Aminolevulinic acid synthase, the first enzyme on the bacteriochlorophyll pathway
      that is subject to regulatory control, increased in activity in deprived
      cultures. Lascelles and Szilagyi (1965) showed an association between
      phospholipid synthesis and pigment production. They found an increased lipid
      content associated with pigmented cells. The present results indicate that not
      only is there an association between lipid and pigment synthesis, but also there
      is actually a dependence of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis on phospholipid
      synthesis.

PMID- 977540
TI  - Kinetics and catalytic properties of coenzyme A transferase from
      Peptostreptococcus elsdenii.
AB  - Coenzyme A (CoA) transferase from Peptostreptococcus elsdenii was purified to
      homogeneity, and some of its physical and catalytic properties were determined.
      The native enzyme has a molecular weight of 181,000 and is composed of two alpha
      subunits (molecular weight, 65,000) and one beta subunit (molecular weight
      50,000). Heat treatment of the crude cell extract to 58 degrees C causes
      proteolysis of the native enzyme and yields a catalytically active enzyme with an
      approximate molecular weight of 120,000. The native CoA transferase is specific
      for CoA esters of short-chain alkyl monocarboxylic acids. With acetate as CoA
      acceptor the enzyme is active with propionyl-, butyryl-, isobutyryl-, valeryl-,
      isovaleryl,- and hexanoyl-CoA but not with heptanoyl or longer-chain CoA esters.
      There is no activity with acetoacetyl-CoA or the CoA esters of dicarboxylic
      acids. Steady-state kinetics indicated that the reaction proceeds via a classical
      bi-, bi-ping-pong mechanism. Maximal activity is obtained with propionyl- or
      butyryl-CoA, and both the Vmax and Km decrease as the alkyl chain length of the
      CoA ester increases. All CoA esters apompetitive inhibitor although it is not
      active as a substrate. Evidence for an enzyme CoA intermediate was provided by
      demonstration of an exchange between 14C-free acids (acetate and butyrate) and
      their corresponding CoA esters and by isolation of a 3H-labeled CoA enzyme after
      incubation of the enzyme with 3H-labeled acetyl-CoA. Approximately 2 mol of CoA
      was bound per mol of enzyme.

PMID- 977541
TI  - Requirement of a cell division step for stalk formation in Caulobacter
      crescentus.
AB  - Penicillin G at low concentrations blocked cell division in Caulobacter
      crescentus without inhibiting cell growth. The long filamentous cells formed
      after two to three generations under these conditions had a stalk at one pole and
      usually one or more flagella at the opposite pole. The failure of the filaments
      to form a second stalk at the flagellated pole indicates that stalk formation was
      dependent upon completion of a step that was also required for cell division. Two
      observations support this conclusion. (i) Penicillin did not stop the normal
      development of synchronous swarmer cells into stalked initiation and stalk
      elongation. (ii) When the action of penicillin was reversed by the addition of
      penicillinase to cultures of filaments, stalks were not formed at the nonstalked
      pole until after cell division had occurred; thus the normal order of development
      events was maintained: cell division leads to stalk formation. These results are
      consistent with a model in which the organization of the developmental program
      for stalk formation occurs before cell division as a consequence of steps that
      branch from the cell division pathway.

PMID- 977542
TI  - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in Rhizobium trifolii.
AB  - In deoxyribonucleic acid of Rhizobium trifolii centrifuged in cesium chloride
      ethidium bromide equilibrium was found a sattelite peak containing covalently
      closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid. The plasmid had a molecular weight of
      about 64 x 10(6) shown by sedimentation in sucrose gradients and electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 977543
TI  - Occurrence of 3-O-methylmannose in the polysaccharide of Leptospira biflexa
      Urawa.
AB  - 3-O-methylmannose was identified by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
      in the acid hydrolysate of the polysaccharide of Leptospira biflexa Urawa.

PMID- 977544
TI  - Execution times of macromolecular synthetic processes involved in the induction
      of allophanate hydrolase at 15 degrees C.
AB  - We have observed that transcription, involved in production of allophanate
      hydrolase, is completed 2.5 min after the addition of inducer at 15 degrees C.
      The rna1 gene product must be functional up unti 10 min; protein synthesis is
      initiated at 20 min and is terminated by 24 min. Two minutes later, active enzyme
      appears. The results confirm our earlier observations and eliminate any
      uncertainty that might have clouded identification of the time within the lag
      period that is occupied by ribonucleic acid synthesis.

PMID- 977545
TI  - Light-induced inhibition of sporulation in Bacillus licheniformis.
AB  - Sporulation of Bacillus licheniformis is inhibited by broad-spectrum light. This
      phenomenon is intensity dependent and is a near-ultraviolet and blue light
      effect.

PMID- 977546
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe exhibiting enhanced
      radiation sensitivity.
AB  - A conditional lethal and radiation-sensitive mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
      is described in which both characteristics result from a single gene mutation.
      Confirmation of the pleiotropic nature of this mutant was obtained by tetrad
      analysis and by testing the radiation sensitivity of a large number of revertants
      that grew normally at the restrictive temperature. The colony-forming ability of
      the mutant after ultraviolet radiation, gamma radiation, and ethyl methane
      sulfonate treatment is considerably altered by the post-treatment incubation
      temperature, showing higher survival at 25 than at 30degreesC. The
      radiosensitivity of the mutant is also influenced by the stage of growth. The
      difference in radiation sensitivity between the wild type and mutant is greater
      when log-phase cultures are compared. The characteristics of this mutant suggest
      that it is defective in a step common to both deoxyribonucleic acid replication
      and repair.

PMID- 977547
TI  - Pentose metabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis: specificity of induction of
      pentose isomerases.
AB  - The induction of D-xylose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, and D-lyxose isomerases by
      various sugars was studied to determine the configuration necessary for
      induction. D-Xylose isomerase was only induced by D-xylose, whereas D-ribose
      isomerase was induced by D-ribose, L-rhamnose, and L-lyxose. L-arabinose
      isomerase was induced by L-arabinose, D-galactose, L-arabitol, D-fucose, and
      dulcitol, whereas D-lyxose isomerase was induced by D-lyxose, D-mannose, D
      ribose, dulcitol, and myoinositol. Some compounds such as dulcitol, D-galactose,
      and D- or L-fucose which do not support growth are still able to serve as
      inducers for various pentose isomerases.

PMID- 977548
TI  - Arginine catabolism by Treponema denticola.
AB  - Treponema denticola, an anaerobe commonly present in the human mouth, ferments
      various amino acids and glucose. Amino acid analyses indicated that substrate
      amounts of arginine were utilized by T. denticola growing in a complex, serum
      containing medium. Cell suspensions metabolized L-arginine to citrulline, NH3,
      CO2, proline, and small amounts of ornithine. CO2, NH3, ornithine, and proline
      were produced from L-citrulline by cell suspensions. Determinations of
      radioactivity in products formed from L-[U-14C]ornithine indicated that cell
      suspensions converted this amino acid to proline. Furthermore, proline was
      excreted by cells growing in a complex, arginine-containing medium. Arginine
      iminohydrolase (deiminase) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase activities were
      detected in T. denticola cell extracts. Carbamoylphosphate dissimilation by
      extracts yielded adenosine triphosphate. The data indicate that T. denticola
      derives energy by dissimilating L-argine via the arginine iminohydrolase pathway.
      However, unlike some of the other bacteria that utilize this pathway, T.
      denticola converts to proline much of the ornithine derived from L-arginine.

PMID- 977549
TI  - Restriction of a bacteriophage of Streptomyces albus G involving endonuclease
      SalI.
AB  - The bacteriophage Pa16, isolated from soil on Streptomyces albus G, was
      restricted when transferred from an alternative host back to S. albus G.
      Extracted unmodified Pa16 deoxyribonucleic acid was cleaved at a single site by a
      cell-free extract of S. albus G. Fractions cleaving Pal6 deoxyribonucleic acid
      contained the endonuclease SalI first described by J. Arrand, P. Myers, and R. J.
      Roberts (unpublished data). A mutant of S. albus G was isolated which was
      defective in both restriction and modification of Pal6. This mutant lacked SalI
      activity. It is concluded that SalI is the agent of restriction of Pal6 by S.
      albus G.

PMID- 977550
TI  - Cytochemical evidence of extramembranous carbohydrates on Ureaplasma urealyticum
      (T-strain Mycoplasma).
AB  - Cells of Ureaplasma urealyticum that were prepared by a ruthenium red technique
      demonstrated an extramembranous layer of polyanions of about 15 to 30 nm in
      width. Application of the concanavalin A-iron dextran strain indicated that the
      outer surface of this layer contained glucosyl-like residues.

PMID- 977551
TI  - Dermatan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate copolymers from ambilical cord. Isolation
      and characterization.
AB  - Dermatan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate copolymers have been isolated from human
      umbilical cord as a major galactosaminoglycan component of this tissue. The
      galactosaminoglycan fraction was obtained from this tissue by papain [EC
      3.4.22.2] digestion followed by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride in a
      yield of 700 mg per 100 g of dry tissue. Ethanol fractionation resolved 4-5
      subfractions differing in relative content of L-iduronic acid and D-glucuronic
      acid. No galactosaminoglycan containing either solely L-iduronic acid or D
      glucuronic acid was obtained. The copolymeric structure of the material in each
      subfraction was demonstrated by analysis of oligosaccharide fragments obtained by
      chondroitinase-AC [EC 4.2.2.5] digestion. All the polymers contained repeating
      disaccharide units, D-glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine, D-glucuronosyl-N
      acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate, D-glucuronosyl-N-acetyl-galactosamine 6-sulfate,
      and L-iduronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate, of which D-glucuronosyl-N
      acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate and L-iduronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate
      were predominant. Both iduronic acid- and glucuronic acid-containing units were
      arranged in clusters. The presence of a considerable amount of nonsulfated
      disaccharide units was noted. The copolymers show extensive polydispersity in
      electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200.

PMID- 977552
TI  - Further studies on the possible compartmentation of the precursor pool of
      cholesterol for the biosynthesis of cholic acid in the rat.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro experiments with rats were carried out to investie precursor
      for the biosynthesis of cholic acid. When rats with a bile-fistula were given a
      mixture of [2-14C]mevalonate and [1,2-3H]cholesterol intravenously, the 14C:3H
      ratio in cholic acid in both whole homogenate and cytosol prepared from their
      lives was higher than that in free cholesterol in any subcellular fraction of the
      livers. When [2-14C] mevalonate was administered intravenously to bile-fistula
      rats, the specific radioactivity of free cholesterol in the hepatic microsomal
      fraction exceeded that in any other fraction, and the specific radioactivity of
      biliary cholic acid was remarkably high, exceeding that of microsomal free
      cholesterol. In similar experiments with [4-14C] cholesterol, the specific
      radioactivity of free cholesterol in the hepatic microsomal fraction exceeded
      that in any other subcellular fraction and the specific radioactivity of biliary
      cholic acid was lower than that of free cholesterol in any hepatic subcellular
      fraction. Tissue suspensions of rat livers in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (pH 7.4)
      5.5 mM glucose were incubated with [2-14C]mevalonate in O2-CO2 (95:5, v/v) at 37
      degrees. The specific radioactivity of free cholesterol in the microsomal
      fraction prepared from the incubated tissue exceeded the specific radioactivities
      of free cholesterol in the other subcellular fractions. The estimated specific
      radioactivity of taurocholate formed during the incubation was far higher than
      that of microsomal free cholesterol. These data indicate that hepatic microsomal
      free cholesterol which was newly synthesized in situ was preferentially
      incorporated into cholic acid.

PMID- 977553
TI  - Determination of the best-fit values of kinetic parameters of the Michaelis
      Menten equation by the method of least squares with the Taylor expansion.
AB  - The best-fit values of the Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximum velocity (V)
      in the Michaelis-Menten equation can be obtained by the method of least squares
      with the Taylor expansion for the sum of squares of the absolute residual, i.e.,
      the difference between the observed velocity and the corresponding velocity by
      calculation. This method makes it possible to determine the values of Km and V
      not in a trial-and-error manner but in a deductive and unique manner after some
      iterative procedures starting from arbitrary approximate values of Km and V.
      These values can be said to be uniquely determined for a set of data as the
      finally converged values are no longer dependent upon the initial approximate
      values of Km and V. It is also very important to obtain initial approximate
      values of parameters for the application of the method described above. A simple
      method is proposed to estimate the approximate values of parameters involved in
      fractional functions. The method of rearrangement after canceling of denominator
      of a fractional function can be utilized to obtain approximate values, not only
      for cases of two unknown parameters such as the Michaelis-Menten equation, but
      also for cases with more than two unknowns.

PMID- 977554
TI  - Circadian rhythms of digestive enzymes in the small intestine of the rat. II.
      Effects of fasting and refeeding.
AB  - The effects of fasting were examined on the rhythmic changes in the activities of
      maltase [EC 3.2.1.20] and leucine aminopeptidase [EC 3.4.11.1] in the small
      intestine of rats which has been kept under scheduled feeding conditions.
      Irrespective of whether the rats had been kept on a daytime or nighttime feeding
      schedule, the rhythms of maltase and leucine aminopeptidase persisted when the
      animals were starved. However, the amplitude of the leucine aminopeptidase rhythm
      began to decrease from the first day of fasting, while that of maltase did not.
      Conspicuous rhythms persisted for at least 2 days during fasting, but they
      gradually became vague and disappeared after 5 days. When rats were refed after
      fasting, the leucine aminopeptidase activity increased within a few hours, but
      the maltose activity did not. It is suggested that the rhythms of the digestive
      enzymes in the small intestine of rats are not a direct consequence of food
      intake, but are triggered off by the anticipatory mechanism which operates when
      rats expect to be fed. The rhythmic change of leucine aminopeptidase seemed to be
      intensified by food intake.

PMID- 977555
TI  - Isolation, properties, and crystallization of an iron-chlorin protein from
      Aspergillus niger.
AB  - A green iron-chlorin protein was purified 160-fold from a lyophilized extract of
      Aspergillus niger by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration with a yield
      of 25%. The purified preparation appeared nearly homogeneous on sedimentation
      analysis and the sedimentation coefficient of the protein at infinite dilution
      was 13.4S. Its molecular weight was calculated to be 2.8--3.2 X 10(5) from
      sedimentation and gel filtration data. The ferric form of the protein had
      absorption maxima at 587.5 and 708 nm in the visible region and a Soret band at
      404 nm. High-spin ESR signals of a rhombically distorted ferric iron-chlorin
      complex were observed at g = 6.5 and 5.3 together with unidentified, weaker
      signals at g = 4.3 and 2.0. The ferric form reacted readily with cyanide to give
      a complex showing absorption peaks at 422 and 632 nm and a shoulder at about 595
      nm. When the protein combined with cyanide its high-spin ESR signals disappeared
      and low-spin signals at g = 1.88, 2.29, anous form having absorption maxima at
      622 and about 410 nm. The rate of reduction by dithionite was slightly reduced by
      the presence of either nitrite or sulfite, and greatly accelerated by the
      presence of hydroxylamine. The reduced spectrum obtained in the presence of
      hydroxylamine had maxima at 620 and about 420 nm. The ferric cyanide complex did
      not show any spectral change on addition of dithionite. The green prosthetic
      group could be extracted with acidified acetone and the absorption maxima of the
      pyridine ferrihemochrome were at 413 and 599 nm. On removal of metal from the
      prosthetic group the characteristic spectrum of a chlorin was obtained. The
      absorption maxima of a solution of the chlorin in benzene were at 403, 501, 537,
      576, 595, and 655 nm, the 655 nm band being strongest of those in the visible
      region. No significant amount of flavin was detected in the purified preparation.
      The iron-chlorin protein catalyzed methyl viologen-linked reduction of
      hydroxylamine and also that of nitrite at a slower rate under the same
      conditions, but not evidence that it reduced sulfite was obtained in the present
      study. The purified preparation also had high catalase [ec 1.11.1.6] activity.
      Crystalline material was obtained by gradual concentration of the purified
      preparation at about pH 6.

PMID- 977556
TI  - New types of gangliosides in starfish with sialic acid residues in the inner part
      of their carbohydrate chains.
AB  - Three gangliosides were isolated from the starfish by Folch's partition,
      dialysis, silicic acid column chromatography, Iatrobead column chromatography and
      preparative thin-layer chromatography. Partial acid hydrolysis of the three
      lipids in 0.1 N HCl at 80 degrees for 90 min liberated all the lactosyl ceramide
      and water-soluble degradation products, but no sialic acid. Gas-liquid
      chromatography of the trimethylsilylated methyl glycosides of the water-soluble
      products demonstrated the presence of arabinose in addition to the usual sugar
      units of gangliosides.

PMID- 977557
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the action of Taka-amylase A on maltotriose.
AB  - The action of Taka-amylase A from Asp. oryzae was studied quantitatively by the
      product analysis method using unlabeled maltotriose and maltotriose labeled at
      the reducing end as substrates. It was found that the ratio of the unlabeled
      products, maltose (G2) and glucose (G1) exceeded unity, and that the ratio of the
      labeled products, G2/G1 was strongly dependent on the initial substrate
      concentrations. The results can only be explained by a transglycosylation or
      condensation mechanism or both. Analysis of maltose labeled at the nonreducing or
      reducing end reveal that the ratio of the transglycosylation to the condensation
      mechanism was about 20:1 with about 80 mM maltotriose. A computer simulation was
      made on a reaction scheme involving the termolecular-shifted complex,
      transglycosylation and condensation besides hydrolysis, by using reported subsite
      affinities as modified by the authors. The simulation reproduced the experimental
      results satisfactorily.

PMID- 977558
TI  - A clottable protein (coagulogen) of horseshoe crab hemocytes. Structural change
      of its polypeptide chain during gel formation.
AB  - A clottable protein (coagulogen) isolated from a hemocyte lysate of the Japanese
      horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) was incubated with an endotoxin-activated
      clotting enzyme(s) partially purified from the same lysate, and its structural
      change during gel formation was examined. The results indicated that the
      enzymatic formation of gel involved limited proteolysis of the Arg-Gly and Arg
      Thr linkages located in the N-terminal portion of the coagulogen, liberating
      peptide C.

PMID- 977559
TI  - Photoelectrochemical effects in the electrolyte-pigment-metal system. I. Metal
      free phthalocyanine film description of short-circuit photocurrents for thin
      films of pigment.
AB  - Using a semitransparent metallic electrode covered with a thin film of metal-free
      phthalocyanine, photoelectrochemical effects have been studied in the electrolyte
      pigment-metal system. Measurement of the short-circuit photocurrent, produced by
      continuous illumination, allows description of a photodependent kinetic phase
      corresponding to the establishment of a stationary state in the charge separation
      region of the system after the creation of the current carriers.

PMID- 977560
TI  - Photoelectrochemical effects in the electrolyte-pigment-metal system. II. Metal
      free phthalocyanine film action spectra of short-circuit photocurrents with
      increase of the film thickness.
AB  - The electrolyte-pigment-metal system can be described as analogous to a
      photosensitive junction region. When the thickness of the pigment film is
      increased, the action spectra of the maximum short-circuit photo-current under
      continuous illumination differ from the absorption spectra both in direct
      illumination (pigment-electrolyte) and in back illumination (metal-pigment). One
      is led to believe that there exist two photoactive regions in the system for the
      production of the short-circuit photocurrent; these two active regions are
      associated respectively with each interface. When the metallic semitransparent
      electrode is made of aluminum the two interfaces have opposite sign contributions
      to the photocurrent; this allows the determination of conditions in which one can
      observe specifically the contribution of the pigment-electrolyte interface, that
      is the interactions between excited pigment molecules and the redox system in the
      electrolyte.

PMID- 977561
TI  - Photoelectrochemical effects in the electrolyte-pigment-metal system. III.
      Chlorophyll films short-circuit photocurrent transients light energy conversion
      efficiency.
AB  - Short-circuit photocurrents produced by a semitransparent metallic electrode
      covered with multilayers of chlorophyll and immersed in an electrolyte have been
      studied. The action spectrum of maximum photocurrent is identical to the
      absorption spectrum of the film of pigment. The kinetics of rise of the
      photocurrent are photoindependent for thin multilayers but dependent on
      thickness. Comparison of efficiency of light energy conversion on the basis of
      short-circuit photocurrent seems to show that the stack of Chl a monolayers is
      the more efficient chlorophyll solid system. Introduction for the same number of
      Chl a molecules of vitamin K1 and Phytol shows that vitamin K1 acts probably like
      an excitation quencher as in monolayers at the water-air interface.

PMID- 977562
TI  - Chemical models of oxidative phosphorylation.
AB  - Chemical models for coupling oxidation to phosphorylation are summarized and
      examined both from the standpoint of organic reaction mechanisms and with respect
      to their relevance to mitochondria and chloroplasts. In order to accelerate the
      progress of our research in bioenergetics, it is suggested to focus at least as
      much attention on structural biochemistry as on phenomenological observations of
      energy-transducing membranes.

PMID- 977563
TI  - Ecto-enzymes of mammary gland and its tumors. Lectin inhibition of 5'
      nucleotidase of the 13762 rat mammary ascites carcinoma.
AB  - Lectin inactivation of the cell surface enzyme 5'-nucleotidase has been studied
      in intact 13762 mammary ascites cells, cell membrane envelopes, membrane
      vesicles, and solubilized membranes as a means of understanding the effects of
      lectins on biochemical processes and the behavior of the enzyme in the membranes.
      The properties of the enzyme are essentially the same in the intact cells and in
      membrane envelopes prepared after zinc treatment of the cells. The enzyme has a
      Km of 25 muM and is inhibited by concanavalin A (Con A) by an apparent
      noncompetitive process, which is reversed by alpha-methylmannoside. Half-maximal
      inhibition requires about 50 mug of Con A per mg of membrane protein. The
      inhibition for the intact cells and membrane envelopes does not exhibit
      significant cooperativity. Membrane vesicles, prepared by EDTA extraction, and
      solubilized membranes show differences in the behavior of the nucleotidase toward
      Con A even though the Km of the enzyme (25 muM) and inactivation (noncompetitive)
      are essentially unchanged. The Hill coefficient for the inactivation process in
      solubilized membranes and membrane vesicles is shifted to near 2, indicating
      significant cooperativity in the Con A-enzyme interaction. It is suggested that
      this change in cooperativity may reflect a different mode of interaction with the
      membrane and increased enzyme mobility, although an alteration in enzyme subunit
      interactions cannot be ruled out at present.

PMID- 977564
TI  - Mechanism for the several activities of the glutathione S-transferases.
AB  - The catalyzed reactions of GSH with organic nitrate and thiocyanate esters and
      with a series of chloronitrobenzene substrates have been investigated and the
      results used to formulate a mechanism for glutathione S-transferase catalysis.
      All the homogeneous preparations of the glutathione transferases that have been
      tested catalyze the reaction of GSH with organic nitrates and thiocyanates. The
      nature of the reaction with nitrate esters, resulting in the formation of GSSG
      rather than a thioether, has been investigated further. The presence of an
      additional nonsubstrate thiol decreased the formation of GSSG to an extent that
      cannot be explained by disulfide interchange. These results are interpreted to
      reflect the enzymatic formation of an unstable glutathione sulfenyl nitrite that
      undergoes subsequent non-enzymatic decomposition. Hammett plots of the catalytic
      constants of rat liver transferases B and C obtained with a series of 4
      substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene substrates demonstrate a linear relationship
      with sigma- substituent constants, reflecting the nucleophilic nature of the
      enzymatic reactions and their strong dependence on the electrophilicity of the
      nonthiol substrate. These data suggest that the many diverse reactions catalyzed
      by the glutathione transferases may be formulated as a nucleophilic attack of
      enzyme-bound GSH on the electrophilic center of the second substrate. The final
      products observed reflect this primary event and the existence of subsequent
      nonenzymatic reactions.

PMID- 977565
TI  - Purification of a glycoprotein from mouse ascites fluid by immunoaffinity
      chromatography which is related to the major glycoprotein of murine leukemia
      viruses. Immunologic and structural comparison with purified viral glycoproteins.
AB  - Proteins immunologically related to the major glycoprotein from murine leukemia
      viruses, gp70, are expressed in the tissue and body fluids of unmanipulated mice
      in the absence of virus particle production. Cross-reactive gp70 was isolated
      from ascites fluid of NZB and (NZB X NZW)F1 mice utilizing immunoaffinity
      chromatography. An enriched antibody preparation bound to Sepharose was used as
      an immunosorbent to purify gp70 over 600-fold in one step with a 30% recovery.
      The gp70s from ascites fluid were compared with gp70s purified from laboratory
      virus strains Friend, Rauscher, Moloney, and Scripps leukemia viruses. Direct
      antibody binding studies showed that the viral gp70s were more closely related to
      each other than to the gp70s from ascites fluid. Furthermore, the gp70s from
      ascites fluid were more reactive with antibody to xenotropic virus than were the
      gp70s from the laboratory viruses tested. Tryptic peptide map analysis of
      radioiodinated proteins showed that gp70 from Scripps virus is closely related to
      gp70 from Moloney virus in primary structure and less closely related
      structurally to gp70 from Rauscher virus and gp70 from NZB ascites fluid.

PMID- 977566
TI  - Methylisocyanate as an antisickling agent and its reaction with hemoglobin S.
AB  - Reviewing the reaction of potassium cyanate, an antisickling agent, with alpha
      amino groups of hemoglobin, it was found that the reaction was a slow process and
      requires a large excess of the reagent. The reason for the slow reaction rate of
      carbamylation of hemoglobin by cyanate is that cyanate itself does not react with
      hemoglobin. It is rather isocyanic acid, the reactive species, that reacts with
      hemoglobin. Since the pK of isocyanic acid is 3.8, only one out of 4,000 cyanate
      ions is present as isocyanic acid at physiological pH. Therefore, it appears that
      a large excess of cyanate ions is required to achieve the carbamylation of
      hemoglobin S, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the pH optimum for
      carbamylation of carboxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin is 5.5 and, at pH 7.4, the
      reaction velocity drops to one-third for carboxyhemoglobin and one-half for
      deoxyhemoglobin. To seek an approach to reduce the dosage of cyanate and to
      increase the reaction velocity, an isocyanate derivative, methylisocyanate which
      is already in the reactive form, was tested for its antisickling activity and its
      reaction with hemoglobin S. It was found that methylisocyanate had antisickling
      activity and that only a stoichiometric amount to 2-fold excess of the reagent
      over hemoglobin S alpha-amino groups was required to prevent the sickling of
      erythrocytes. Methylisocyanate-treated sickle erythrocytes showed an increased
      oxygen affinity compared to untreated methylisocyanate reacted with alpha-amino
      groups of hemoglobin S and the reaction was complete in less than 1 min.
      Methylcarbamylated hemoglobin S had a higher minimum gelling concentration than
      the untreated hemoglobin S. There was no detectable reaction of free sulfhydryl
      and epsilon-amino groups of hemoglobin S with methylisocyanate. These results
      indicate that methylisocyanate, and probably other isocyanate derivatives,
      possesses powerful antisickling activity.

PMID- 977567
TI  - Isolation and characterization of rat olfactory marker protein.
AB  - The olfactory marker protein was isolated and characterized from rat olfactory
      bulbs. Its properties and those of the olfactory marker protein isolated from the
      mouse are described. The rat protein was less acidic (pI = 5.0) than the mouse
      protein (pI = 4.7). However, the amino acid compositions were very similar: in
      both proteins arginine plus lysine accounted for 13 mol% and glutamate plus
      aspartate for 30 mol% of the total residues. Molecular weights of both proteins
      estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis were indistinguishable
      and estimated to be 16,500. The molecular weight of the native rat olfactory
      marker protein estimated by gel filtration techniques was 30,000, which is
      identical to the molecular weight of the native mouse and garfish olfactory
      marker proteins. This suggested a dimeric structure. The purified rat and mouse
      proteins behaved like species of 35,000 molecular weight on gel filtration.

PMID- 977568
TI  - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Solubilization and properties.
AB  - Vitamin K is required for an enzymatic carboxylation of glutamyl residues in a
      microsomal protein precursor of plasma prothrombin to form gamma-carboxyglutamic
      acid. The enzyme system (carboxylase) which catalyzes this reaction has now been
      solubilized by extraction of the microsomes with Triton X-100 and has been shown
      to fix H14CO3- as gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in biologically active
      prothrombin. Enzyme activity requires O2 and vitamin K hydroquinone or vitamin K
      + NADH. Unlike the microsomal-bound carboxylase, soluble carboxylase activity is
      independent of either ATP or Mg2+ addition and is unaffected by either the ATP
      analog, adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (AMP-P(NH)P, or EDTA. These observations
      suggest that the energy required to drive the carboxylation reaction is derived
      from the oxidation of the reduced form of vitamin K. Although the membrane-bound
      carboxylase is inhibited by Warfarin, this anticoagulant is ineffective as an
      inhibitor of the soluble enzyme. A second anticoagulant, 2-chloro-3-phytyl-1,4
      natpthoquinone (chloro-K), differs from Warfarin in that it effectively inhibits
      both the membrane-bound and soluble carboxylases.

PMID- 977569
TI  - Interaction of manganese with bovine prothrombin and its thrombin-mediated
      cleavage products.
AB  - The binding of the paramagnetic metal, Mn(II), to bovine prothrombin and the
      thrombin-mediated cleavage products of prothrombin, i.e. fragment 1 and the
      prethrombin 1 has been investigated. Analysis of the Scatchard plots of the
      binding data reveals that prothrombin has two high affinity Mn(II) binding sites
      with a Kd of 1.2 +/- 1.0 X 10(-5) M and approximately two to three lower affinity
      Mn(II) sites with a Kd of 1.3 +/- 1.0 X 10(-4) M. Positive cooperativity in
      Mn(II) binding to prothrombin was observed for the strong sites. Fragment 1, the
      phospholipid-binding region of prothrombin, possesses two high affinity Mn(II)
      sites with a Kd of 2.2 +/- 1.0 X 10(-5) M and at least two lower affinity sites
      with a Kd of approximately 2.5 +/- 1.0 X 10(-4) M. Positive cooperativity was not
      observed for the binding of Mn(II) to fragment 1. Prethrombin 1 binds one Mn(II)
      with a Kd of 3.2 +/- 1.0 X 10(-4) M. Using the values of free Mn(II)
      concentration, as determined by EPR measurements and the observed enhancements of
      the water proton relaxation rates at various concentrations of Mn(II) and
      protein, the binary enhancement values (epsilon b) of the metal-protein complexes
      were obtained. The extrapolated values are 11 +/- 0.4 for the initial prothrombin
      binding sites, and 10 +/- 0.3 for the tight binding sites of fragment 1. The
      unique epsilon b value obtained for prethrombin 1 was 5.3 +/- 0.7. When Mn(II)
      was used in a Factor Xa-metal ion-phospholipid system for activation of
      prothrombin, the rate of generation of thrombin was less than or equal to 5% of
      that obtained when Ca(II) was employed in this activation system. Addition of
      Mn(II) to the same activation system containing Ca(II) resulted in a marked
      decrease in the rate of thrombin generation, suggesting that Mn(II) probably
      competes for the same sites on prothrombin as Ca(II). In agreement with this is
      the observation that the Mn(II) sites on prothrombin could be displaced by Ca(II)
      at high concentrations of Ca(II).

PMID- 977570
TI  - Crystallization of proteins from polyethylene glycol.
AB  - Twenty-two proteins available to this laboratory were examined for their ability
      to crystallize from polyethylene glycol (PEG). Of the 22, 8 had been crystallized
      previously by conventional means and the remainder had yielded no crystals by
      other methods. Using a single broad screen with four different concentrations of
      five different molecular weight sizes of polyethylene glycol, 13 of these
      proteins were crystallized. Of the 13, 6 proteins were crystallized for the first
      time, one yielded crystals readily where only infrequent and irreproducible
      results were obtained before, and one other produced excellent quality crystals
      where only very disordered or twinned crystals were previously grown. In only one
      case did polyethylene glycol fail to yield crystals where other agents had
      succeeded. It is concluded that polyethylene glycol may be the best initial trial
      reagent for crystallization of proteins for x-ray diffraction analyses.

PMID- 977571
TI  - Bovine adrenal medulla troponin-C. Demonstration of a calcium-dependent
      conformational change.
AB  - A high affinity calcium-binding protein has recently been purified from the
      adrenal medulla (Kuo, I.C.Y., and Coffee, C.J. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1603
      1609). This protein is closely related in its chemical and physical properties to
      troponin-C (TN-C) of muscle tissue. Further examination of the adrenal medulla
      protein indicates that the removal of calcium is accompanied by a marked change
      in the conformation. This change in structure is similar, if not identical, to
      the calcium-dependent conformational change which has been described for skeletal
      muscle TN-C (Murray, A.C., and Kay, C.M. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 2622). The far
      ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum of native adrenal medulla calcium-binding
      protein (AM-CBP) shows characteristic helical ellipticity bands at 222 and 207
      nm. The helical content, as estimated from these data, is between 40 and 45%.
      Removal of calcium is accompanied by a change in ellipticity which corresponds to
      a decrease from 40 to 20% in the helical content. The near-ultraviolet circular
      dichroism spectrum shows negative dichroic bands at 262 and 268 nm which are
      characteristic of phenylalanine. These bands are relatively insensitive to
      changes in the calcium ion concentration. Sedimentation velocity studies likewise
      are indicative of a calcium-dependent structural alteration. The sedimentation
      coefficient of the native protein was observed to be 1.89 S. Similar measurements
      performed in the presence of 3 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,
      N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) gave a sedimentation coefficient of 1.50 S. The
      molecular weight, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium studies, was 16,000
      regardless of whether the measurements were made in the presence of CaCl2 or
      EGTA. From the elution properties of AM-CBP on Sephadex G-100, the Stokes radius
      was observed to be 19.8 A in the presence of calcium and 21.9 A in the presence
      of EGTA. All of these changes which were induced by the addition of EGTA were
      completely reversible by the readdition of excess CaCl2. These data suggest that
      the removal of calcium from AM-CBP is accompanied by a pronounced conformational
      change which occurs without a molecular weight change. The decreased
      sedimentation coefficient, the increased Stokes radius, and the reduced helical
      content, which are observed for the apoprotein, indicate that removal of calcium
      results in a transformation from a compact symmetrical structure to one that is
      less ordered and more asymmetrical.

PMID- 977572
TI  - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from rat brain. Solubilization, partial
      purification, and characterization.
AB  - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein (nAChR) has been solubilized from rat
      cerebral cortices by extracting a crude membrane fraction with the nonionic
      detergent Triton X-100 (polyoxyethylene-p-t-octylphenol). The solubilized nAChR
      was partially purified by affinity chromatography (Naja naja siamensis alpha
      toxin affinity arm, linked to Sepharose 4B) and characterized by binding of 125I
      labeled alpha-bungarotoxin. The reaction of labeled toxin and nAChR appears to be
      second order with a rate constant (k1) equal to 0.38 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 at 20
      degrees. The toxin-nAChR complex dissociates with a dissociation rate constant (k
      1) of 1.23 X 10(-5) S-1 at 20 degrees (t 1/2 = 15.6 h). The kinetically
      determined dissociation constant (Kd) for the complex is 3.24 X 10(-10) M. A
      variety of cholinergic ligands were studied for their ability to inhibit binding
      of labeled toxin. The results indicate that the brain receptor is indeed
      nicotinic. The s20, w and v of the toxin-nAChR complex in 0.1% Triton were
      determined by velocity sedimentation in D2O and H2O sucrose gradients. The values
      are 12.9 S and 0.80 cm3 g-1. The Stokes radius of the complex determined by gel
      filtration equals 7.5 nm. The Mr of the complex calculated from the hydrodynamic
      parameters, and corrected for bound detergent, equals 357,000.

PMID- 977573
TI  - Studies on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mammalian brain. Preliminary
      characterization of membrane-bound alpha-bungarotoxin receptors in rat cerebral
      cortex.
AB  - Binding of alpha-bungarotoxin, labeled with 125I, has been studied in crude
      membrane preparations of rat cerebral cortex. Membrane-bound receptors appear to
      consist of at least two saturable subsets: one accounts for the binding of about
      50 fmol of toxin/mg of protein, the other binds 120 fmol/mg. For the high
      affinity sites the dissociation constant for interaction of toxin and receptor
      extrapolated to zero protein concentration is 9.2 X 10(-10) M. Competition with a
      variety of agonists and antagonists indicates that toxin binding exhibits the
      pattern expected for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Toxin binding is
      inhibited by low concentrations of Ca2+ ions (50% inhibition at 3 mM) while
      higher concentrations are required for Mg2+, Na+, K+, and Li+ (50% inhibition at
      0.5 M).

PMID- 977574
TI  - Binding of chick skin collagen alpha 1 chain by isolated membranes from human
      platelets.
AB  - Binding of a denaturated polypeptide chain derived from chick skin collagen, the
      alpha 1(I) chain, by isolated membranes of human platelets has been demonstrated.
      The process is reversible, and time- and protein concentration-dependent. The
      binding is specific, with an association constant of 1.88 X 10(-6) M. Prior
      treatment of the isolated membranes with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pronase,
      resulted in significant inhibition of the 14C-labeled alpha 1 chain binding, but
      neuraminidase or collagenase treatment had no effect. Dissociation of the bound
      radioactivity and subsequent chromatographic analyses on carboxymethylcellulose
      and agarose A-1.5m revealed that the alpha 1 chain was unaltered. Scatchard plot
      analysis suggested that there are approximately 20,000 binding sites per
      platelet. The binding of the alpha 1 chain was inhibited by a glycopeptide
      derived from alpha 1, alpha 1-CB5 and by purified glucosylgalactosyl
      hydroxylysine, but was not affected by other cyanogen bromide peptides of alpha
      1, namely alpha 1-CB3, -CB4, -CB7, and -CB8. Kinetic studies demonstrated that
      inhibition by the hydroxylysine glycoside is competitive. Dose-response curves of
      platelet aggregation induced by alpha 1 and the binding of alpha 1 by platelet
      membranes correlate closely. These results indicate that there are specific
      binding sites for collagen alpha 1 chain on platelet membranes, and that the
      carbohydrate moiety of the alpha 1 chain plays a role in the binding. The
      findings also support the hypothesis that the chick skin alpha 1 chain mediates
      platelet aggregation and the release reaction by acting on platelet membranes.

PMID- 977575
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of 5 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid of Iguana iguana.
AB  - Cell cultures of the reptile Iguana iguana have been labeled with 32PO4(3-) and
      the resulting radioactive 5 S rRNA isolated. Enzymatic digests of the radioactive
      RNA were fractionated by standard procedures, and the products of the digestions
      sequenced. From the sequences of the oligonucleotides produced by enzymatic
      digestion of the Iguana 5 S rRNA it is possible to propose a primary sequence for
      this RNA which differs in only two positions (2 and 25) from the sequence known
      for mammalian 5 S rRNAs. This sequence is closer to that of mammals than is that
      of any other nonmammalian species yet examined.

PMID- 977576
TI  - Studies of 5'-nucleotidase in the perfused rat heart. Including measurements of
      the enzyme in perfused skeletal muscle and liver.
AB  - Perfused rat hearts catalyze the hydrolysis of AMP added to the perfusion fluid
      at a rate of 35 mumol/g dry weight/min. The activity is specific for 5'
      nucleoside monophosphates, little activity being observed with 2' and 3'-AMP. The
      enzyme exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics in situ and is inhibited competitively
      by adenosine-5'-alpha, beta-methylene diphosphonate (Ki = 13 muM). This, as well
      as the nucleotide specificity, confirms that the hydrolysis is catalyzed by 5'
      nucleotidase. The maximum activity of 5'-nucleotidase in perfused hearts is equal
      to or greater than that found in heart homogenates; thus, all of the enzyme is
      accessible to AMP added externally. Hydrolysis of endogenous AMP was studied in
      the perfused heart. Under aerobic conditions hearts contain very low amounts of
      purine nucleosides, and little or no nucleoside is found in the effluent
      perfusate. Under anaerobic conditions hearts accumulate adenosine, inosine, and
      hypoxanthine and release all three substances into the perfusate. Hydrolysis of
      externally added AMP was also observed in perfused skeletal muscle and liver, at
      rates of 10 and 17 mumol/g dry weight/min, respectively.

PMID- 977577
TI  - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. Characteristics of mRNA (AUG codon)
      dependent binding of Met-tRNAfMet to 40 S and 80 S ribosomes.
AB  - The characteristics of Met-tRNAfMet binding to ribosomes (40 S and 80 S) were
      studied using a two-stage assay method (Gupta, N.K., Chatterjee, B. and Majumdar,
      A. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 65, 797) and the complexes formed were
      analyzed either by Millipore filtration or by sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation. The results are summarized as follows: (a) with both assay
      methods, Met-tRNAfMet binding to 40 S ribosomes was entirely dependent upon
      addition of a partially purified mixture of initiation factors and AUG codon; (b)
      this binding occurred over a wide Mg2+ concentration range; significant binding
      was observed even at 20 mM Mg2+; (c) upon addition of 60 S ribosomes, a
      significant part of Met-tRNAfMet bound to 40 S ribosomes was transferred to 80 S
      complex. This transfer reaction had a sharp Mg2+ optimum around 2 mM. Met
      tRNAfMet-80 S-AUG complex thus formed was active in Met-puromycin synthesis; (d)
      Met-tRNAfMet deacylase present in crude 0.5 M KCl ribosomal wash is a potent
      inhibitor of the binding reaction as it deacylates Met-tRNAfMet in the Met
      tRNAfMet-40 S-AUG complex; (e) glutaraldehyde (0.5%) degrades Met-tRNAfMet-40 S
      AUG complex but increases the background binding of Met-tRNAfMet to 40 S
      ribosomes in the absence of AUG codon; (f) polynucleotides containing uracil and
      adenosine are strong inhibitors of Met-tRNAfMet binding to 40 S ribosomes. The
      order of inhibitory activities of the polynucleotides tested was as follows:
      poly(rU)-poly(rA) (2:1) greater than poly(rU)-poly(rA) (1:1) greater than
      poly(rU) greater than poly(rA). Other RNAs tested such as poly(rC), poly(rI)
      poly(rC) and phi6 bacteriophage RNA (double-stranded) were without significant
      effects on the Met-tRNAfMet-binding reaction.

PMID- 977578
TI  - Lipid-saccharide intermediates in glycoprotein biosynthesis. I. Formation of an
      oligosaccharide-lipid by thyroid slices and evaluation of its role in protein
      glycosylation.
AB  - Thyroid slices were found to incorporate radioactivity from 14C-labeled sugars
      into the carbohydrate moiety of a polar lipid soluble in
      chloroform/methanol/water, 10/10/3. This radiolabeled glycolipid was purified by
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and was shown to have as its monosaccharide
      constituents mannose, glucose, and glucosamine. This compound cloud also be
      labeled by incubation of thyroid slices with [3H]mevalonic acid or [32P]phosphate
      as demonstrated by the coincidence of elution profiles upon DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography. This suggested that the lipid portion of the molecule is a
      polyprenol derivative and the lipid-saccharide linkage region involves a
      phosphate bridge. Mild acid hydrolysis of the glycolipid labeled with 14C in its
      carbohydrate released a neutral oligosaccharide which on the basis of Bio-Gel
      filtration studies was shown to have a molecular weight of approximately 2,400.
      This oligosaccharide contained [14C]mannose and [14C]glucose in about the same
      ratio as that occurring in the intact glycolipid. The oligosaccharide-lipid
      appeared to be distributed rather widely in thyroid particulate fractions
      obtained after differential and density gradient centrifugation. Its highest
      specific activity occurred in fractions rich in endoplasmic reticulum. By means
      of pulse-chase experiments in slices a relationship was demonstrated between the
      disappearance of radioactivity from the lipid-bound oligosaccharide and its
      appearance in protein-bound form. When protein synthesis was inhibited by the
      addition of puromycin during the chase period of the experiment transfer of
      oligosaccharide from the lipid to protein appeared to be blocked and the level of
      radiolabeled oligosaccharide-lipid increased. The observation that mannose and
      glucose were similarly affected during the pulse-chase studies suggests that
      transfer of the intact oligosaccharide unit was involved in the addition of
      carbohydrate to protein.

PMID- 977579
TI  - Lipid-saccharide intermediates in glycoprotein biosynthesis. II. Studies on the
      structure of an oligosaccharide-lipid from thyroid.
AB  - Structural studies have been performed on an oligosaccharide-lipid from thyroid
      believed to be an intermediate in glycoprotein synthesis. For these
      investigations the compound was isolated from the gland in unlabeled form as well
      as differentially radiolabeled in its saccharide, lipid, and phosphate portions
      by incubation of slices with [14C]- or [3H]glucose, [3H]mevalonic acid and
      [32P]phosphate, respectively. The unlabeled oligosaccharide-lipid was obtained in
      a chloroform/methanol/water (10/10/3) extract in a yield of about 1 nmol/g of
      thyroid and was purified therefrom by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The
      saccharide moiety released from the glycolipid by mild acid hydrolysis was
      isolated by gel filtration and contained 11 mannose, 1 to 2 glucose, and 2 N
      acetylglucosamine residues. The reducing terminal position of the oligosaccharide
      was occupied by 1 of the glucosamine residues and from these analyses a molecular
      weight of 2,415 was calculated. That glucose is an integral part of the molecule
      was further demonstrated by the finding that during Dowex 50 chromatography it
      remained as a constituent of the positively charged oligosaccharide produced by
      deacetylation with alkaline borohydride at 80 degrees. The phosphorus content of
      the purified unlabeled oligosaccharide-lipid was determined to be 2 residues per
      molecule, suggesting the presence of a pyrophosphate bridge between its
      carbohydrate and lipid portions. Further evidence for such a linkage region was
      provided by characterization of the products from mild acid and alkaline
      hydrolysis of the differentially radiolabeled glycolipid. These included dolichyl
      mono- and pyrophosphate, oligosaccharide phosphate, and free oligosaccharide.
      Digestion with alpha-mannosidase of the radiolabeled glycolipid led to the
      release of 39% of its mannose while from the free oligosaccharide 53% of this
      sugar was removed. Acetolysis of the [14C]oligosaccharide yielded a mannobiose
      and mannotriose as well as larger fragments consisting of mannose, glucose, and
      glucosamine. Smith periodate degradation gave rise to a small core segment (6
      glycose residues) made up only of mannose and glucosamine from which half of the
      mannose residues could be released by alpha-mannosidase digestion. From these
      studies a tentative structure for the carbohydrate moiety of the oligosaccharide
      lipid has been proposed. In this formulation an inner core (periodate-resistant)
      made up of 4 mannose and 2 N-acetylglucosamine residues is attached to the
      pyrophosphate group by the most internal glucosamine. This core, as well as an
      additional mannose and 1 to 2 glucose residues, constitutes the alpha-mannosidase
      resistant fragment. More peripherally are found other mannose residues, all in
      alpha-linkage. In this structural scheme the glucose is located so as to prevent
      the enzymatic release of more internally situated alpha-linked mannose residues.

PMID- 977580
TI  - Lipid-saccharide intermediates in glycoprotein biosynthesis. III. Comparison of
      oligosaccharide-lipids formed by slices from several tissues.
AB  - The synthesis of oligosaccharide-lipids thought to play a role in the attachment
      of carbohydrate to protein has been studied in incubations of slices from calf
      kidney, pancreas, thymus, and liver, as well as from hen oviduct. These compounds
      were characterized after radiolabeling of their saccharide moiety by incubation
      with [14C]glucose or [14C]mannose and a comparison was made with the
      oligosaccharide-lipid produced by thyroid slices. Furthermore, the unlabeled
      glycolipid was prepared from hen oviduct for the purpose of quantitating its
      sugar constituents. Purification of the oligosaccharide-lipids extracted with
      chloroform/methanol/water (10/10/3) was achieved by DEAE-cellulose chromatography
      and their carbohydrate moieties were released by mild acid hydrolysis. On the
      basis of gel filtration it was determined that the lipid-bound oligosaccharides
      formed by oviduct, thymus, kidney, and liver had molecular weights comparable to
      that from thyroid (about 2400). The saccharide moiety of the glycolipid from
      pancreas was however distinctly smaller in size with a molecular weight of
      approximately 1800. Analyses of the radiolabeled oligosaccharide-lipids from
      oviduct, kidney, and thymus indicated that they, like the compound from thyroid
      slices, but unlike those believed to be formed by cell-free systems from various
      tissues, contained glucose in addition to mannose and N-acetylglucosamine as
      their monosaccharide constituents. This compositional data was supported by the
      finding that the unlabeled oligosaccharide from oviduct consists of 10 mannose, 1
      glucose, and 2 N-acetylglucosamine residues. Sodium borohydride reduction of this
      oviduct saccharide moiety indicated that 1 of the 2 glucosamines was situated in
      a reducing terminal position. The radiolabeled oligosaccharide from the
      glycolipid produced by pancreas differed from the others analyzed in that it
      contained only trace amounts of glucose. Upon treatment with alpha-mannosidase
      this glucose-deficient pancreatic oligosaccharide was extensively digested (85%
      of the mannose released). In contrast, the carbohydrate moieties of oviduct,
      kidney, and thymus, like that of thyroid, underwent a more limited digestion with
      the alpha-mannosidase (55% or less of the mannose released) suggesting that the
      presence of glucose may serve to block a more complete degradation of these
      oligosaccharides by this enzyme.

PMID- 977581
TI  - The NH2-terminal region of the beta chain of sickle hemoglobin. I. Synthesis and
      purification of oligopeptides.
AB  - Five peptides from the NH2-terminal region of the beta chain of hemoglobin S,
      betaS (1-13), betaS (3-13), betaS (1-8), betaS (4-10), And betaS (4-8), have been
      synthesized by a rapid solid phase method based on the Merrifield procedure. In
      addition, one peptide, betaS (3-13), has also been synthesized by the original
      Merrifield method. We have shown that the products of the two methods are
      comparable, that gel filtration is a useful method for removing truncated
      fragments of the desired oligopeptide, and that measurement of the efficiency of
      coupling at each step is an important adjunct to amino acid analysis in
      determining purity. Peptides of the purity achieved by these methods may be used
      to fractionate antibodies to the native hemoglobin S, in the characterization of
      antigen-binding properties of specific antibodies, and in other studies of
      peptide-protein interactions.

PMID- 977582
TI  - The NH2-terminal region of the sickle hemoglobin beta chain. II. Characterization
      of monospecific antibodies.
AB  - We have previously shown that antibodies specific for hemoglobin S could be
      fractionated by absorption of an antiserum to hemoglobin S to Sepharose
      containing a synthetic oligopeptide. betaS (1-13), corresponding to the first 13
      amino acid residues of the beta chain of hemoglobin S. We report here that this
      antibody population, anti-betaS (1-13), shows considerable restriction of
      heterogeneity in isoelectric focusing studies and monospecificity on velocity
      ultracentrifugation in the presence of hemoglobin S. The binding of various
      hemoglobin species to anti-betaS (1-13) was studied using a double antibody
      radioimmunoassay with [14C]carbamoylated hemoglobin S. Carbonmonoxy-, oxy-, met-,
      and cyanmethemoglobin S reacted equally with the antibody, but deoxyhemoglobin
      (with or without organic phosphates) reacted differently. Hemoglobin A and
      several hemoglobin mutants with alterations in the NH2-terminal region of the
      beta chain did not displace labeled hemoglobin S from anti-betaS (1-13). BETAS
      chains reacted with the antibody, but less well than hemoglobin S, while betaA
      and alpha chains, and globins did not react with the antibody. The synthetic
      peptide, betaS (1-13), used for fractionation, reacted with the antibody about
      300-fold less efficiently than hemoglobin S. BetaS (3-13) was even less reactive,
      while smaller peptides which included the valine residue at position 6 displaced
      little of the tracer [14C]carbamoylated hemoglobin S at concentrations as high as
      10(-2) M. We interpret these results to indicate that this method of
      immunoabsorption has produced a monospecific subfraction of antibodies which is
      specific for the NH2-terminal region of the beta chain of hemoglobin S in its
      native conformation.

PMID- 977583
TI  - Proteoglycans from bovine proximal humeral articular cartilage. Structural basis
      for the polydispersity of proteoglycan subunit.
AB  - Polydisperse proteoglycan subunit from bovine proximal humeral articular
      cartilage has been separated into a series of relatively monodisperse fractions
      which have been chemically and physically characterized. The proteoglycan subunit
      species of the lowest molecular weight contains the least chondroitin sulfate and
      had an amino acid composition relatively low in serine and glycine and relatively
      high in cysteine, methionine, and aspartic acid, almost identical to that of the
      hyaluronic acid-binding region of proteoglycan subunit isolated by Heinegard and
      Hascall (Heinegard, D., and Hascall, V.C. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 4250-4256).
      The molecular weight of proteoglycan subunit increases in proportion to its
      chondroitin sulfate content. As the molecular weight and chondroitin sulfate
      content of proteoglycan subunit increase, there is a parallel increase in the
      serine and glycine contents, and a decrease in the cysteine, methionine, and
      aspartic acid contents of proteoglycan subunit core protein. The pattern of
      polydispersity observed strongly supports the concept that proteoglycan subunit
      core protein contains a hyaluronic acid-binding region of constant size and
      composition and a polysaccharide attachment region of variable length and
      composition, composed of repeating peptide sequences containing serine and
      glycine in equimolar amounts.

PMID- 977584
TI  - The anomeric configuration of the D-mannosyl retinyl phosphate formed in rat
      liver microsomes.
AB  - Alkaline hydrolysis at 65 degrees converted D-mannosyl retinyl phosphate
      primarily into D-mannose 2-phosphate which was identified by its behavior on
      paper chromatography in two solvent systems, as well as by its resistance to acid
      hydrolysis under conditions that converted authentic alpha-D-mannosyl phosphate
      to mannose. When the D-mannosyl retinyl phosphate was hydrolyzed in alkali at 100
      degrees, the main product was beta-D-mannosyl phosphate and not the alpha anomer
      (as shown by chromatography with authentic samples on thin layers of silica gel).
      No evidence for enzymatic hydrolysis of D-mannosyl retinyl phosphate by alpha
      mannosidase was obtainable. It is concluded that the compound under investigation
      is beta-D-mannosyl retinyl phosphate.

PMID- 977585
TI  - Effects of estrogen on gene expression in the chick oviduct. Control of ovalbumin
      gene expression by non-histone proteins.
AB  - Chromatin was isolated from the oviducts of chicks which had either received
      diethylstilbestrol stimulation for 14 days (stimulated chromatin) or been treated
      and then withdrawn from hormone administration (withdrawn chromatin). These
      chromatin preparations were dissociated and then reconstituted in the presence of
      various non-histone protein fractions. cDNAov was used as a probe for measuring
      the level of mRNAov sequences synthesized in vitro from various reconstituted
      chromatins. Our results indicate that extractable non-histone proteins from
      stimulated chromatin are capable of activating the in vitro transcription of the
      ovalbumin gene when included in the reconstitution of withdrawn chromatin. On the
      other hand, addition of extractable non-histone proteins from withdrawn chromatin
      to stimulated chromatin does not affect the synthesis of mRNAov sequences.
      Therefore, the extractable non-histone proteins from stimulated chromatin contain
      a positive regulator(s) which controls the in vitro expression of the ovalbumin
      gene.

PMID- 977586
TI  - Purification and properties of an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from hen
      oviduct.
AB  - An endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase has been purified extensively from hen
      oviduct extracts and found to have a somewhat broader substrate specificity than
      the previously reported endoglycosidases from Dipolcoccus pneumoniae and
      Streptomyces plicatus (Arakawa, M., and Muramatsu, T. (1974) J. Biochem. (Tokyo)
      76, 307-317; Tarentino, A. L., and Maley, F. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res.
      Commun. 67, 455-462. The enzyme was shown to hydrolyze and di-N-acetylchitobiosyl
      bond in such compounds as Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)3, Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)5,
      Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)6 and a glycopeptide from immunoglobulin M, (aa)x
      Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)3(Fuc)1. The capacity to hydrolyze the latter compound is a
      characteristic of the endoglycosidase from D. pneumoniae, but not that from S.
      plicatus. Competitive inhibition studies indicate that a single enzyme in the hen
      oviduct endoglycosidase preparation is probably responsible for hydrolyzing both
      fucose-containing the fucose-depleted substrates. The existence of an endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase in animal tissue may explain why oligosaccharides with N
      acetylglucosamine on the reducing terminus accumulate in certain lysosomal
      storage diseases.

PMID- 977587
TI  - Formation of glutathione conjugates of prostaglandin A1 in human red blood cells.
AB  - When prostaglandin A1 was incubated with a Tris/saline suspension of washed human
      red blood cells, a substantial amount was converted to polar metabolites. These
      were purified by solvent extraction, XAD-2 column, and cellulose thin layer
      chromatography and characterized by chromatography, amino acid analysis, and mass
      spectrometry. The polar metabolites were a mixture of two glutathione conjugates
      of prostaglandin A1. The first (approximately 40%) was identical with the product
      of the nonenzymic reaction of glutathione with prostaglandin A1. The second
      (approximately 60%) was formed from the first by reduction of the 9-keto group of
      the prostaglandin moiety. The latter compound was also prepared synthetically by
      treating the glutathione conjugate of prostaglandin A1 with sodium borohydride.

PMID- 977588
TI  - Purification and properties of filamin, and actin binding protein from chicken
      gizzard.
AB  - Filamin, a protein recently identified in chicken gizzard (Wang, K., Ash, F., and
      Singer, S. J. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 72, 4483-4486), has been
      purified free of other components and its molecular properties have been
      examined. Filamin has a sedimentation constant (S020,w) of 8.86 S and a partial
      specific volume of 0.734 ml/g. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments give a value
      of 498,000 for the molecular weight of native filamin. From these data a
      frictional ratio of 2.32 has been calculated. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis, filamin migrates as a single protein band with an estimated
      molecular weight of 240,000. Filamin is a soluble protein and under a variety of
      conditions tested does not by itself form filaments or precipitate from solution.
      However, filamin binds to rabbit skeletal muscle F-actin, and the complex is
      readily sedimented by centrifugation to yield a gelatinous pellet containing
      actin and filamin. These results indicate that filamin is a dimeric protein with
      a moderate degree of asymmetry that binds to actin. The results also suggest that
      the distribution of filamin in cells is derived from its interaction with
      polymerized actin.

PMID- 977589
TI  - Uptake of hydroxocobalamin by rat liver mitochondria. Binding to a mitochondrial
      protein.
AB  - Lysosome-free preparations of rat liver mitochondria take up
      hydroxo[57Co]cobalamin by a process which is dependent on mitochondrial swelling,
      rather than on energy or ion fluxes. The uptake system is saturable and
      unidirectional, leading to inside/outside concentration ratios of 17. The process
      also exhibits specificity: cyano[57Co]cobalamin is taken up less rapidly and to a
      lesser extent than hydroxocobalamin; methylcobalamin and adenoslcobalamin inhibit
      hydroxocobalamin uptake markedly, while cyanocobalamin does not. The
      [57Co]cobalamin ([57Co]Cbl) taken up is bound to a mitochondrial protein whose
      apparent molecular weight is 120,000 by Sephadex G-150 chromatography. Double
      reciprocal plots of bound [57Co]Cbl versus medium [57Co]Cbl concentration yield
      estimates for bound Cblmax of 29 pmol/mg of protein and for Kd is 8.2 muM. We
      conclude that mitochondrial uptake of cobalamins occurs via the diffusion of free
      cobalamins into the mitochondria and their subsequent binding to a high affinity
      mitochondrial protein(s) which we propose to be the source of the unidirectional
      character, the saturability, and the specificity of the uptake system.

PMID- 977590
TI  - Kinetics of active center formation in dog plasminogin by streptokinase and
      activity of a modified streptokinase.
AB  - The rate of activation of dog plasminogen by excess streptokinase showed a
      significant delay as compared to the rate of activation with catalytic amounts of
      streptokinase. Studies of the reaction at high streptokinase levels with the
      active center reagent, p-nitrophenyl-p-guanidinobenzoate showed that only a
      fraction (13%) of the potential active centers were developed in a equimolar
      mixture of streptokinase and dog plasminogen in 15s and more than 10 min were
      required for the formation of 1 mol of active sites. In the first 15s, the yield
      of active sites could not be increased by increasing streptokinase 10-fold over
      the molar concentration of plasminogen, suggesting that active center development
      rather than complex formation was the rate-limiting step. The delayed reactivity
      seen in this system provides an interesting model for the study of
      conformationally induced active center formation. With catalytic amounts of
      streptokinase, the activation proceeded rapidly but reached a plateau, indicating
      the loss of activator activity in the reaction mixture. With successive additions
      of fresh streptokinase, complete activation was achieved. Polyacrylamide gel
      electorphoresis showed that a stable streptokinase-plasmin complex formed.
      However, in contrast to the human plasmin-steptokinase complex, a potent
      plasminogen activator in which streptokinase is found as a residue of 37,000
      daltons, dog plasmin-streptokinase complex contained a residue of 25,700 daltons
      and the complex was inactive against canine and human plasminogen. The 25,700
      fragment along, however, showed considerable activator activity when tested with
      human and dog plasminogens.

PMID- 977591
TI  - Purification of a soluble rat liver protein that stimulates microsomal 4-methyl
      sterol oxidase activity.
AB  - A soluble rat liver protein that stimulates microsomal methyl sterol oxidase
      activity has been isolated and purified to homogeneity by salt fractionation,
      differential heat inactivation, two calcium phosphate gel association, and
      Sephadex filtration. The protein, as isolated, may be dissociated with detergent
      into subunits with a molecular weight of approximately 10,300, as determined
      electrophoretically. In addition to this stimulatory protein, postmicrosomal
      supernatant fraction of rat liver contains a low molecular weight methyl sterol
      oxidase inhibitor, possibly cholesterol ester, which is removed during protein
      purification. Purified soluble protein enhances the observed rate of oxidative
      attack of the methyl sterol substrates, 4, 4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta
      ol and 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol. Addition of increasing amounts
      of either partially purified or homogeneous soluble protein yields hyperbolic
      stimulation, from which a K'm of about 7 muM has been calculated (based on a
      monomeric molecular weight of 10,300). Sequential additions of the soluble
      protein yield equal increments of stimulation. These results are consistent with
      the suggestion that the soluble protein may be a reactant in the oxidative
      process. Methyl sterol oxidase is inhitited in vitro by cholesterol, several
      oxygenated sterols, and cholesterol esters. The extent of inhibition is much
      greater when the soluble protein is present in the incubation. The inhibition is
      competitive with respect to methyl sterol substrate; cholesterol succinate, a
      water-soluble ester, is strongly inhibitory, K'i (ester)/K'm(substrate)
      approximately 0.2. Since end product inhibition of methyl sterol oxidase may be
      produced by accumulation of cholesterol or cholesterol metabolites, the soluble
      protein may participate in regulation of the activity of some microsomal enzymes
      of cholesterol biosynthesis.

PMID- 977592
TI  - Enzymatic reactions of methionine sulfoximine. Conversion to the corresponding
      alpha-imino and alpha-keto acids and to alpha-ketobutyrate and methane
      sulfinimide.
AB  - L-Methionine sulfoximine is a substrate of L-amino acid oxidase (Crotalus
      adamanteus), glutamine transaminase, and gamma-cystathionase. In the reaction
      catalyzed by L-amino acid oxidase, methionine sulfoximine is converted to aplph
      imino-gamma-methylsulfoximinylbutyrate, which undergoes rapid gamma elimination
      yielding methane sulfinimide and 2-imino-3-butenoic acid. Methane sulfinimide is
      converted to methane sulfonamide, methane sulfinic acid, and methane sulfonic
      acid; 2-imino-3-butenoic acid is hydrolyzed to vinylglyoxylate, which polymerizes
      to an insoluble product. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of
      semicarbazide, the imine formed initially is quantitatively trapped as alpha-keto
      gamma-methylsulfoximinylbutyrate semicarbazone, from which the free alpha-keto
      acid may be obtained. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of a
      mercaptan (RSH), a gamma exchange reaction occurs leading to formation of a new
      alpha-keto acid substituted in the gamma position by an SR-group; thus, alpha
      keto-gamma-(beta-hydroxyethiol)butyric acid (S-(hydroxyethyl)-2-keto-4
      mercaptobutyric acid) was obtained when L-methionine sulfoximine was oxidized in
      the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, and enzymatic transamination of this alpha
      keto acid with L-glutamine gave the new amino acid, L-omega-hydroxyethionine. The
      reaction of L-methionine sulfoximine with gamma-cystathionase yields 1 mol each
      of alpha-ketobutyrate and methane sulfinimide; the latter is hydrolyzed almost
      exclusively to methane sulfinic acid. Transamination of L-methionine sulfoximine
      yields the corresponding alpha-keto acid (alpha-keto-gamma
      methylsulfoximinylbutyrate), which is stable. Some of these reactions may occur
      in vivo, and thus contribute to the toxicity of L-methionine sulfoximine.

PMID- 977593
TI  - Characterization of carnitine acylcarnitine translocase system of heart
      mitochondria.
AB  - Mersalyl inhibited the respiration of heart mitochondria under conditions that
      required the transport of (-)-carnitine and acyl(-)-carnitines. The exchange of
      external carnitine and acylcarnitines for intramitochondrial carnitine was also
      inhibited by mersalyl and 1 mM mersalyl proved suitable for the inhibitor-stop
      assay of carnitine acylcarnitine translocase. The carnitine-carnitine and (-)
      carnitine-acetyl(-)-carnitine exchanges involved a mole to mole exchange. The
      carnitine-carnitine exchange did not require energy. The carnitine acylcarnitine
      translocase resembles the Pi transport system in inhibition by mersalyl and N
      ethylmaleimide and in lack of a cation requirement for activity; yet the two are
      not identical inasmuch as operation of only the former transport system was
      inhibited by long chain acyl(+)-carnitines. Additional results render it
      improbable that the transport of carnitine and acylcarnitines is catalyzed by any
      other known mitochondrial transport systems. The carnitine acylcarnitine
      translocase activity is unlikely to be shared by one of the carnitine
      acyltransferases because the mersalyl inhibition of carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase was noncompetitivcase. Rapid
      acetylation of intramitocondrial free (-)-carnitine occurred when acetyl-CoA was
      generated intramitochondrially but not with exogenous acetyl-CoA. Theese
      observations substantiate the view (Pande, S. V. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      U.S.A. 72, 883-887) that a system exists in mitochondria for the transport of
      carnitine and its esters and that the matrix has a pool of carnitine compounds
      which has access to that carnitine acyltransferase which is localized on the
      inner side of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 977594
TI  - Use of beta-parinaric acid, a novel fouorimetric probe, to determine
      characteristic temperatures of membranes and membrane lipids from cultured animal
      cells.
AB  - A naturally occurring fluorescent compound, beta-parinaric acid, was employed as
      a probe to measure the effects of temperature changes on plasma membrenes,
      microsomes, and mitochondria and on their respective lipids after isolation form
      LM cells grown in suspension culture. A computer-centered spectrofluorimenter
      simultaneously measured the absorbance, absorbance-corrected fluorescence, and
      relative fluorescence efficiency of beta-parinaric acid incorporated into the
      membranes or isolated membrane lipids. These parameters were measured as a
      function of temperature. The probe revealed five characteristic breaks or changes
      in slope with both the plasma membranes as well as their extracted lipids. These
      discontinuities occurred at approximately 18, 23, 31, 38, and 43 degrees. The
      other isolated subcellular organelles, microsomes, and mitochondria, as well as
      their respective isolated lipids, exhibited approximately the same characteristic
      temperatures (+/- 1 degree) as plasma membranes. Thus, these data negate one
      criterion of the theory that an asymmetric distribution of characteristic
      temperatures exist across the membranes of LM cells.

PMID- 977595
TI  - Physical properties of membranes isolated from tissue culture cells with altered
      phospholipid composition.
AB  - A choline-requiring strain of mouse fibroblast cells (LM cells) was cultured in
      suspension with choline, N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, N-monomethylethanolamine, or
      ethanolamine. These choline analogues were incorporated into membrane
      phospholipids as phosphatidyl-N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N
      monomethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Plasma membranes,
      microsomes, mitochondria, and their respective lipids were isolated and the
      characteristic temperatures were determined by using two types of fluorescent
      probes: (a) beta-parinaric acid, a naturally occurring molecule, and (b) 8
      anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, a synthetic organic fluorophore. A computer
      centered spectrofluorimeter capable of simultaneous measurement of absorbance,
      absorbance-corrected fluorescence, and relative fluorescence efficiency was
      utilized for on-line measurement of all fluorescence parameters. Plots of
      absorbance corrected fluorescence or of relative fluorescence efficiency versus
      temperature revealed the same five characteristic temperatures with both types of
      probe. These characteristic temperatures were independent of the phospholipid
      composition of the LM suspension cell membranes or their extracted lipids. Plasma
      membranes, microsomes, and mitochondria containing analogue phospholipids had
      similar (+/- 1 degree) characteristic temperatures. The presence of analogue
      phopholipids altered the binding characteristics of beta-parinaric acid with
      plasma membranes and plasma membrane lipids of LM suspension cells. The
      equilibrium dissociation constant of plasma membranes and plasma membrane lipids
      was decreased 2- and 5-fold, respectively, when the cells had been supplemented
      with ethanolamine. The minimum number of phospholipid molecules per probe binding
      site was approximately constant in the intact plasma membrane but increased (2
      fold) in the isolated plasma membrane lipids. The presence of analogue
      phospholipids also altered the interaction of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic
      acid with LM cell membranes. The equilibrium dissociation constant of this probe
      interacting with mitochondrial lipid was decreased 40% by ethanolamine
      supplementation. The fluorescent properties of both probes were sensitive to the
      degree of methylation of the polar head group. The absolute values of absorbance
      corrected fluorescence and relative fluorescence efficiency were different for
      each type of membrane from LM cells even with the same analogue supplement. Thus,
      it appears that LM cells maintain the characteristic temperatures which are a
      measure of the physical properties of their membranes, despite large alterations
      of the phospholipid polar head group composition.

PMID- 977596
TI  - Proteolytic cleavage of horse liver cytochrome b5. Primary structure of the heme
      containing moiety.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal segment of horse cytochrome b5,
      containing the heme binding site, has been determined. A fragment, representing
      residues 7 through 90, was obtained by tryptic cleavage of native cytochrome b5.
      Chymotryptic cleavage of native cytochrome b5 yields a peptide containing
      residues 1 through 98. Contrary to native cytochrome b5, neither derivative
      showed binding to horse liver microsomal vesicles. The complete primary structure
      of the polar moiety has been deducted from automated and manual sequence analysis
      of peptides obtained from tryptic and chymotryptic digests of native cytochrome
      and apocytochrome preparations. Glutamyl residues at positions 41, 42, 47, and 48
      appear to be replaced by aspartyl residues in some molecules. Such
      microheterogeneity is not observed at glutamyl residues at other positions. The
      native cytochrome b5 preparation contains a blocked NH2-terminal residue.

PMID- 977597
TI  - Spectral changes in bovine factor X associated with activation by the venom
      coagulant protein of Vipera russelli.
AB  - Bovine Factor X is a zymogen involved in blood coagulation that is converted to
      activated Factor X in the presence of Ca(II) by the coagulant protein of
      Russell's viper venom. To monitor structural transitions in Factor X during
      conversion to activated Factor X, the ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence
      emission, and circular dichroism spectra of activated Factor X and Factor X were
      compared. The ultraviolet absorption difference spectrum in the aromatic region
      comparing activated Factor X and Factor X indicates minima at 292.5, 285, and 278
      nm and a small maximum at 305 nm; these differences are due to tryptophan and
      tyrosine perturbations. The activation of Factor X at 25 degrees in the presence
      of 8.3 mM CaCl2 with the use of Factor X:venom coagulant protein in molar rations
      of 1500:1 yielded a time-dependent increase in this spectrum which was linear for
      about 60 min and which temporally paralleled the development of activated Factor
      X activity. The binding of Ca(II) to factor X or activated Factor X is associated
      with a red-shifted tryptophan difference spectrum; however, this perturbation
      appears to make only a small contribution to the total perturbation observed
      during Factor X activation. Solvent perturbation studies in 20% glycerol suggest
      that an average of 3.1 tryptophan residues and 9.0 tyrosine residues are exposed
      to solvent in Factor X in 8.3 mM CaCl2 at pH 7.4; an additional 0.5 tryptophan
      residue and tyrosine reside become exposed to solvent during activation of Factor
      X in 8.3 mM CaCl2. The activation of Factor X by the venom coagulant protein is
      associated with a small red shift in the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence
      emission spectrum. Far- and near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy
      detected no difference between Factor X and activated Factor X. In summary, the
      activation of Factor X to activated Factor X appears associated with exposure of
      tryptophan and tyrosine side chains previously buried within the protein and with
      minimal changes in the secondary structur. These results suggest that conversion
      of Factor X to activated Factor X involves functionally important, but
      structurally subtle, changes in the three-dimentional structure.

PMID- 977598
TI  - Nuclear relaxation and gelation study of the interaction of organophosphates with
      human normal and sickle hemoglobins. In vitro gelation of sickle oxyhemoglobin in
      the presence of inositol hexaphosphate.
AB  - 31P relaxation studies reveal a 3-fold enhancement of the longitudinal relaxation
      rate of both phosphoryl groups of hemoglobin-bound 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate upon
      conversion of methemoglobin to fluoromethemoglobin presumably due to an order of
      magnitude increase in the electron spin relaxation time. The enhancement of the
      longitudinal components of 31P relaxation (T(-1)1pr) upon binding to hemoglobin
      is not exchange-limited, since it is more than an order of magnitude smaller than
      the effect observed on the transverse components (T(-1)2pr). From the observed
      paramagnetic component, T(-1)1M, of the bound state relaxation rate of 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate, using the correlation time tau s obtained from the frequency
      dependence of water proton relaxation, we obtained an NMR root mean sixth
      distance from the four heme iron atoms to each of the 31P nuclei of 24 +/- 1 A.
      This is in excellent agreement with the x-ray crystallographic determination of
      this distance of (25 +/- 1) A in the 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-deoxyhemoglobin
      complex, indicating that the spatial disposition of the allosteric site in the
      deoxy and oxy conformations of hemoglobin relative to the various heme irons may
      be the same, and that the same protein groups may be involved in binding 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate to the two forms of hemoglobin. Water proton relaxation
      studies reveal the existence of different conformational states of methemoglobins
      with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and inositol hexaphosphate. Inositol hexaphosphate
      alters the conformation to a strained (T) state with deoxy-like quaternary and
      tertiary globin structure as indicated by the finding that equimolar amounts of
      inositol heasphosphate induce gelation in a 4 mM sickle methemoglobin solution at
      temperatures greater than or equal 24 degrees. More interestingly, oxyhemoglobin
      S shows an identical thermodynamically reversible gelation behavior, with the
      same transition temperature (24 degrees), arguing against a mutual coupling of
      the protein conformation and the heme spin state in functional ferrohemoglobins.
      High ionic strengths (approximately 1 M) and pH values above neutrality block
      inositol hexaphosphate induced gelation of sickle met- and oxyhemoglobins. Unlike
      inositol hexaphosphate, the presence of saturating amounts of 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate does not promote gelation of a 4 mM met- or oxyhemoglobin S
      solution.

PMID- 977599
TI  - Some properties of purified skeletal muscle alpha-actinin.
AB  - Highly purified alpha-actinin can be made by using the low ionic strength
      extraction procedure previously described (Arakawa N., Robson, R. M., and Goll,
      D. E. (1970) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 200, 284-295) and then subjecting the crude
      alpha-actinin fraction obtained with this extraction procedure to successive
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite. Hydrozyapatite
      chromatography specifically removes a protein having a subunit molecular weight
      of 42,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Hydroxyapatite-purified alpha-actinin sediments entirely as a 6.21 S boundary in
      the analytical ultracentrifuge with no trace of the small 9 to 10 S boundary seen
      in earlier alpha-actinin preparations purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography.
      In 100 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris-acetate, pH 7.5, hydroxyapatite-purified alpha-actinin
      has a diffusion coefficient (D020,w) of 2.71 X 10(-7) cm2-s-1, an intrinsic
      viscosity of 20.6 ml-g-1, a molecular weight of 201,000 +/- 4,300 (plus or minus
      least squares standard error) as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, and a
      molecular weight of 210,000 as determined by sedimentation diffusion. In 6 M
      guanidine HCl, hydroxyapatite-purified alpha-actinin has a molecular weight of
      106,000 +/- 6,300 as determined by sedimentation equilibrium and a molecular
      weight of 100,000 as determined by a calibrated 4% agarose gel permeation column.
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gives a molecular weight of 96,000 to
      100,000 for hydroxyapatite-purified alpha-actinin. Rod-shaped particles 44 X 390
      to 400 A are seen in electron micrographs of negatively stained alpha-actinin. By
      assuming 45% hydration and a molecular weight of 206,000, dimensions of
      approximately 40 X 500 A can be calculated for the alpha-actinin molecule by
      using either s 020, w, D 020, w, intrinsic viscosity, or a calibrated 6% agarose
      gel permeation column. Hydroxyapatite-purified alpha-actinin has an alpha-helical
      content of 74% as measured by circular dichroism at 208 nm.

PMID- 977600
TI  - Banded figers in high temperature coacervates of elastin peptides.
AB  - Electron micrographs of negatively stained coacervates of the synthetic
      polypentapeptide of propoelastin and of alpha-elastin exhibit banded fibers when
      the coacervates are formed, stained, and dried at temperatures greater than 50
      degrees. This apparent increase in order occurs at the same temperature as an
      increase in order in aqueous solution and as a change in the volume expansion
      coefficient of fibrous elastin.

PMID- 977601
TI  - Preparation and characterization of wear debris of orthopedic materials for
      biocompatibility studies.
AB  - In order to test the biocompatibility of wear debris of orthopedic materials, a
      method has been developed to produce artificial debris of stainless steel, cobalt
      chromium alloy, and high-density polyethylene. In this process, called the
      accelerated rubbing process, two cylindrical blocks of the same alloy were held
      under normal pressure in triply distilled water. One block remained stationary
      while the other rotated at approximately 4000 rpm. The water with the metal
      debris was recirculated between the rubbing surfaces. To prepare debris from
      polyethylene, a stainless steel block was rubbed over a polyethylene block
      submersed in liquid nitrogen. The shape of the metal debris was granular, whereas
      the polyethylene debris had a shred-like shape. The size distributions were
      determined from scanning electron micrographs, and it was found that the
      particles of the metal debris (stainless steel or cobalt-chrome alloy) ranged in
      sizes from 0.1-10 mu with 75% of all particles less than 2 mu in diameter. The
      size of polyethylene debris, expressed as the volume of an ellipsoid, ranged from
      10-20,000 mu3 with 45% of all particles in the range of 400-2500 mu3. The x-ray
      diffraction pattern revealed that the debris of stainless steel consisted
      primarily of the face-centered cubic (fcc) alloy with small amounts of body
      centered cubic (bcc) alloy and Fe3O4, whereas the cobalt-chrome debris consisted
      of the fcc alloy with a small amount of Cr2O3. The structure of the polyethylene
      debris was quite similar to that of the solid sample used in its preparation. The
      percent crystallinity Pc and the size of the crystalline regions D were slightly
      smaller in the debris than in the solid sample, i.e., Pc = 52 and 55%, D = 90 and
      130 A, in the debris and the solid, respectively. To test the suitability of the
      artificial debris for biocompatibility studies, stainless steel debris was
      implanted into knees of adult female New Zealand rabbits. Bacterial challenge
      studies indicated prolongation, but not increased susceptibility to infection.

PMID- 977602
TI  - Biocompatibility of nitinol alloy as an implant material.
AB  - The biocompatibility of nitinol alloy as a potential implant material was
      investigated through in vivo studies on beagles. A high-purity alloy was
      fabricated into prototype bone plates and implanted into the femurs of beagles.
      Commercial cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy bone plates served as reference
      controls, an additional control data were obtained from beagles subjected to
      "sham" operations. The bone plates were removed from the animals and examined
      after exposures of 3, 6, 12, and 17 months. There was no evidence of either
      localized or of general corrosion on the surfaces of the bone plates and screws.
      Gross clinical, radiological, and morphological observations of the tissue at the
      implantation sites during the autopsies uncovered no signs of adverse tissue
      reactions resulting from the implants. Histological analyses were performed on
      samples of muscle and bone adjacent to the implantation sites, and of tissues
      removed from such organs as the liver, spleen, brain, and kidneys. No significant
      differences were noted between samples taken from controls and those taken from
      dogs exposed to the implants. Neutron activation analyses were carried out on
      suitable samples. The analysis data suggest that there is no metallic
      contamination in the organs due to the implants; however, there does appear to be
      some chromium contamination from the Co-Cr alloy implants in the adjacent bone.
      On the basis of the totality of the data, it is concluded that nitinol alloy is
      sufficiently compatible with dog tissue to warrant further investigation of its
      potential as a biomaterial.

PMID- 977603
TI  - In vitro effects of bone cement on S. aureus growth and phagocytosis and glucose
      metabolism of macrophage: a preliminary study.
AB  - A preliminary study of the effects of Surgical Simplex, mixed for various time
      periods, was performed on S. aureus growth rate, and phagocytosis and glucose
      metabolism of macrophage in vitro. Quantitatively, no significant effects of the
      mixture on S. aureus growth rate were observed. The cement mixed for less than 4
      min tended to cause adverse effects on phagocytosis rate and hexose monophosphate
      shunt activity of macrophage. This information may not be directly applicable to
      in vivo, but in vitro the cement mixture in a certain situation can cause
      decreased phagocytosis and hexose monophosphate shunt activity of macrophage.

PMID- 977604
TI  - A unified mathematical model for diffusion from drug-polymer composite tablets.
AB  - The derivation and experimental verification of a unified mathematical model for
      the estimation of drug release rate from drug-polymer composite tablets are
      presented. Cylindrical coordinates are utilized in the solution of the diffusion
      equation for a three-dimensional system. The model is applicable to tablets that
      range from the shape of a flat disk (radius greater than thickness) to that of a
      cylindrical rod (radius less than thickness). The general solution for the
      fraction of drug released at a time t is (see article). This approach to a three
      dimensional system, utilizing cylindrical coordinates, presents a comprehensive
      method for the estimation of drug release rates from sustained release tablets
      with drug distributed homogeneously throughout a polymer matrix. The calculated
      and experimental drug diffusion rate of pyrimethamine from pyrimethamine-silicone
      rubber composite tablets that range in shape from that of a disk to a cylinder,
      and of hydrocortisone from EVA, polycaprolactone, and PVA terpolymer, are
      compared.

PMID- 977605
TI  - Polymer-ceramic composite for tooth-root implant.
AB  - A new polymer-ceramic composite suitable for tooth-root implants has been
      developed in this study. This material exhibited the desirable combination of
      good mechanical properties, controlled porosity, and ease of processing. A
      thermal processing technique was utilized to polymerize acrylic acid (AA) in the
      presence of either 0.3 or 0.05 mu alumina particles. Porosity and pore size
      distribution were influenced by the alumina particle size and the processing
      technique. For a 50 vol % AA solution, the composite had an average compressive
      strength of 18,000 psi and 38% porosity when 0.3 mu filler particles were used.
      In comparison, the 0.05 mu alumina-filled composite had an average compressive
      strength of 28,000 psi with a 15% porosity. Data on the physical and structural
      characteristics of the composite are presented in this study. Based on these
      results, the composite material shows good potential for use in tooth-root
      implants as well as other orthopedic implant applications.

PMID- 977606
TI  - In vitro corrosion of dental amalgam phases.
AB  - The effects of corrosion on the major phases of dental amalgam microstructure
      have been studied in vitro on samples prepared by electroplating mercury on
      Ag3Sn. Tests were made in synthetic saliva, and samples were examined in a
      scanning electron microscope before and after the exposure. Simple immersion had
      little effect on the phases. Contact of amalgam with gold increased the
      probability of deterioation of the gamma2 phase. By anodic polarization beyond
      the breakdown potential, the gamma2 phase was selectively dissolved. Under
      conditions simulating a crevice, the gamma2 phase was dissolved and the gamma1
      phase suffered morphological changes.

PMID- 977607
TI  - Fracture characteristics of acrylic bone cements. I. Fracture toughness.
AB  - The vital first phase of the overall materials study to protract the life of the
      total joint replacements is the identification of the fracture toughness and
      fatigue properties of bone cements. Information gained from fatigue testing,
      performed in a manner which simmulates in vivo conditions, and fracture
      toughness, which is a measure of the propensity of a crack to propagate, is the
      first step towards the prediction of the life of the total joint replacement.
      This study is concerned with the fracture toughness of Zimmer and Simplex-P cold
      curing bone cements. Following cement fabrication conditions which closely
      approximate clinical procedures, fracture toughness testing was conducted on
      cement specimens which were immersed in bovine serum at 37 degrees C in order to
      simulate in vivo conditions. In addition, a similar study was completed on
      specimens, tested in air at ambient temperature for purposes of comparison.
      Results of this procedure, when analyzed by a Student's t-test at the 95%
      confidence level with eight degrees of freedom, indicate that both Zimmer and
      Simplex-P exhibit a higher fracture toughness in the simulated physiological
      environment. In order to determine whether the addition of barium sulfate to
      these cements compromises the fracture toughness, the above described testing
      rationale was repeated, indicating the existence of a complicated relationship
      between the different testing environments and barium sulfate. The importance of
      these results lies in the fact that an increased fracture toughness indicates
      that a cement will inherently exhibit a greater degree of resistance to the
      propagation of cracks, which could contribute to the ultimate failure of the
      total joint replacement.

PMID- 977608
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip. Use of the Pavlik harness in the child during
      the first six months of life.
AB  - From 1968 to 1972, twenty-three infants under six months old with twenty-seven
      dislocated hips were treated with a Pavlik harness. All the dislocations except
      three were successfully reduced. Only one child required hospitalization. All the
      patients were followed for more than two years. All but three of the hips were
      clinically and roentgenographically normal at follow-up, and none had avascular
      necrosis. In infants, the Pavlik harness successfully utilizes the principle of
      reduction in flexion, avoiding forced abduction.

PMID- 977609
TI  - Results of phalangectomy of the fifth toe for hammertoe. The Ruiz-Mora procedure.
AB  - The Ruiz-Mora procedure has been advocated for the correction of hammertoe
      deformities and congenital overlapping of the fifth toe, primarily on empirical
      grounds. This is a review of forty-one such procedures in which the operation was
      used for correction of a hammertoe deformity of the fifth toe with a painful corn
      overlying the proximal interphalangeal joint. Twenty-two patients with thirty-one
      procedures were followed for an average of 3.5 years. All of the patients had
      complete relief of symptoms and correction of deformity. However, in 23 per cent
      of the patients a painful prominent head of the fifth metartarsal or a bunionette
      developed, and in 32 per cent a hammertoe deformity of the adjacent fourth toe
      developed with a painful corn either over the proximal interphalangeal joint or
      on the tip of the fourth toe. These problems seem to be related to excessive
      shortening of the the fifth toe. Less bone resection (resection of only the head
      and neck of the proximal phalanx) might be preferable and might not lead to these
      complications.

PMID- 977610
TI  - Shoulder fusion without external fixation. A preliminary report.

PMID- 977611
TI  - The wick catheter technique for measurement of intramuscular pressure. A new
      research and clinical tool.
AB  - The wick catheter technique was developed in 1968 for measurement of subcutaneous
      pressure and has been modified for easy intramuscular insertion and continuous
      recording of interstitial fluid pressure in animals and humans. Studies in dogs
      of the anterolateral compartment of the leg in simulation of the compartment
      syndrome showed the technique to be accurate and reproducible. The wick catheter
      technique is capable of important clinical applications in the diagnosis and
      treatment of acute and chronic compartment syndromes.

PMID- 977612
TI  - Cavernous hemangiomas associated with scoliosis and a localized consumptive
      coagulopathy. A case report.

PMID- 977613
TI  - Disengagement of a sliding screw-plate. Case report.

PMID- 977614
TI  - Tarsometatarsal dislocation: a mechanism blocking manipulative reduction. Case
      report.

PMID- 977615
TI  - Transcondylar fracture-dislocation of the elbow. A case report.

PMID- 977616
TI  - Irradiation-induced chondrosarcoma. A case report.

PMID- 977617
TI  - Intradural neurofibroma simulating lumbar-disc disease. Report of six cases.

PMID- 977618
TI  - Ischemia associated with the Charnley anterior approach to the ankle. Report of
      two cases.

PMID- 977619
TI  - Prevention of venous thromboembolism in orthopaedic patients.

PMID- 977620
TI  - Prevention of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism by heparin prophylaxis after
      surgery for hip fractures.
AB  - From 1960 through 1975, 337 patients with surgically treated acute fracture of
      the hip received subcutaneously administered heparin to prevent thromboembolic
      disease according to various regimens. Four hundred and three patients received
      no heparin. The incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism was 3.5 per cent in the 403
      patients who reveived no heparin and 0.0 per cent in the 147 patients who were
      treated by the currently used regimen of prophylaxis, as follows: With the dose
      modified according to the coagulometer-test time, patients received 2,500 units
      on admission and every six hours until the day before operation. Then they were
      given 5,000 to 10,000 units eight to ten hours before surgery and 2,500 units
      every six hours after surgery until they were fully mobilized.

PMID- 977621
TI  - Thromboembolism following total hip-replacement arthroplasty. The efficicy of
      dextran-aspirin and dextran-warfarin in prophylaxis.
AB  - The efficacy of two antithrombotic regimens, combined dextran and aspirin and
      combined dextran and warfarin, was analyzed by comparing the incidence of
      thromboembolism following total hip replacement in two groups of similar
      patients. Of the 427 who received dextran and aspirin, 7 per cent had
      thromboembolic complications, including one case of fatal pulmonary embolus and
      one case of recurrent emboli that required vena caval ligation, and 15 per cent
      had wound-healing complications. Of the 197 patients who received dextran and
      warfarin, 5 per cent had thromboembolism and 24 per cent had wound healing
      complications. Although both prophylactic regimens seemed effective, dextran and
      aspirin appeared less effective in reducing thromboembolic complications than
      dextran and warfarin, but there were fewer wound complications in that group. One
      fourth of the patients on dextran-warfarin were not adequately anticoagulated
      despite close supervision. In forty-five patients with a history of
      thromboembolism who were excluded from the study and analyzed separately,
      warfarin alone and the two described regimens were equally ineffective in
      preventing thromboembolism, and the incidence of thromboembolic complications was
      high. Dextran-aspirin and dextran-warfarin appear to be satisfactory and
      relatively simple methods of thromboembolic prophylaxis.

PMID- 977622
TI  - A clinical evaluation of aspirin prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease after
      total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease using aspirin was studied prospectively in
      340 patients undergoing total hip replacement, excluding those with prior
      thromboembolic disease. Clinical criteria were used to diagnose thrombophlebitis,
      while clinical criteria, roentgenography, blood-gas determinations,
      electrocardiography, and pulmonary vascular scanning were used to diagnose
      pulmonary emboli. Five patients had signs of symptoms of pulmonary emboli, all
      confirmed by pulmonary vascular scan. No fatal pulmonary emboli occurred. Twenty
      six patients had thrombophlebitis. Without simultaneous control group, a
      reduction in postoperative thromboembolic disease in these patients receiving
      aspirin was not proved. However, the observed low incidence of clinically evident
      thromboembolic manifestations suggests that aspirin may be a simple and useful
      prophylactic agent in these patients.

PMID- 977623
TI  - Thromboembolic disease in patients undergoing total knee replacement.
AB  - In a prospective study fo the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis in thirty
      patients undergoing total knee replacement, all patients had clinical
      examinations and 125I fibrinogen scanning, while those suspected of having deep
      venous thrombosis also had confirmatory venography. Sixteen (53 per cent) of the
      thirty patients had thromboembolic disease; nine had thrombi only in the limb
      operated on; four had bilateral deep venous thrombi; and three had pulmonary
      embolism. In nine patients who took aspirin regularly the incidence of
      thromboembolism was 11 per cent, while in the eight who did not take aspirin or
      any other antiplatelet drug the incidence was 88 per cent, a difference which was
      highly significant (p = 0.003).

PMID- 977624
TI  - Venous thrombosis after total hip replacement. Combined monitoring as a guide for
      prophylaxis and treatment.
AB  - Monitoring of 140 patients after hip-replacement arthroplasty using both
      impedance plethysmography and 125I fibrinogen scanning of the lower extremities
      showed that half had no evidence of thrombosis, one-quarter had moderate or
      extensive thrombosis, and one-quarter had abnormal scans only. In the patients
      with only abnormal scans the process appeared to resolve spontaneously. The
      findings by impedance plethysmography therefore appeared to differentiate non
      invasively between thromboses that would and would not resolve, and it is
      suggested that for some patients a monitoring regimen may be preferable to
      routine prophylaxis.

PMID- 977625
TI  - Cuff-impedance phlebography and 125I fibrinogen scanning versus roentgenographic
      phlebography for diagnosis of thrombophlebitis following hip surgery. A
      preliminary report.
AB  - Seventy-eight limbs of forty-eight patients undergoing total hip replacement were
      studied by roentgenographic phlebography, cuff-impedance phlebography, and 125I
      fibrinogen scanning. Compared with roentgenographic phlebography, cuff-impedance
      phlebography detected seven of ten thrombi in the thigh but none of nine thrombi
      in the calf and popliteal veins, giving an over-all accuracy of 80 per cent. The
      125I fibrinogen scanning technique detected none of the ten thrombi in the thigh
      and seven of the nine in the calf and popliteal veins, giving an over-all
      accuracy of 78 per cent. Combining the results of the two techniques, fourteen of
      the nineteen thrombi were detected. Cuff-impedance phlebography appears to be a
      useful method for the diagnosis of thrombi in the thigh after hip surgery.

PMID- 977626
TI  - Long-term results in the treatment of femoral-shaft fractures in young children
      by immediate spica immobilization.
AB  - Manual traction reduction without anesthesia and immediate immobilization in a
      spica cast were used to treat eighty-five children ranging in age from birth to
      ten years old who had closed femoral-shaft fractures and no associated injuries.
      Up to two centimeters of overriding, 30 degrees of anterior angulation, and 15
      degrees of medial angulation were accepted. Any angulation in excess of these
      amounts, or lateral or posterior angulation, was corrected by wedging the cast at
      the fracture site. Further telescoping of the fracture fragments in the case was
      attributed to the child pressing the foot against the bottom of the cast and was
      prevented by removing the sole of the cast. Of the seventy-five children examined
      two to eighteen years after fracture, none had any residual skeletal deformity or
      joint stiffness. The length discrepancies of the fractured limbs ranged from 1.7
      centimeters of shortening to 0.9 centimeter of overgrowth.

PMID- 977627
TI  - Results of proximal tibial osteotomy. The effects of tibiofemoral angle, stance
      phase flexion-extension, and medial-plateau force.
AB  - Forty-eight knees were evaluated after proximal tibial osteotomy, performed for
      varus deformity to determine the desired amount of correction of the deformity,
      the effect of osteotomy on knee motion during gait and one medial-plateau force
      during standing, and the relationships between these factors and the result.
      Correction of the tibiofemoral angle to 5 degrees of genu valgum or more produced
      the best and most lasting results. Stance-phase flexion-extension increased the
      rotation decreased in knees with good results while the other gait parameters
      were not significantly changed. Medial-plateau force was decreased by successful
      tibial osteotomy. The knees with the best and most lasting results had 7 degrees
      of stance-phase flexion-extension or more during walking and either a valgus
      tibiofemoral angle of 5 degrees or more or a medial-plateau force of 50 per cent
      of body weight or less.

PMID- 977628
TI  - The arterial supply of the developing proximal end of the human femur.
AB  - By means of perfusion studies, an analysis was made of the arterial supply to the
      proximal end of the femur in 150 specimens from autopsied fetuses and children,
      aged from twenty-six weeks of gestation to fourteen years and eight months old.
      All died of diseases which did not involve the hip joint. Two anastomotic rings
      were found: an extracapsular one formed by the medial and lateral femoral
      circumflex arteries, and a subsynovial intra-articular ring at the articular
      cartilage-neck junction. The intra-articular rings in males were discontinuous
      more often than in females. A three-plane analysis of totally-cleared specimens
      demonstrated that the epiphyseal plate constituted an absolute barrier to blood
      flow between the epiphysis and metaphysis in all but two of the 124 barium
      sulphate-perfused specimens examined. A smaller number of ascending cervical
      arteries crossed the anterior and medial surfaces of the mid-neck in the
      specimens from three to ten-year-old white children than in those from newborn to
      two-year-old white and black children. This finding may be important for the
      etiology of Legg-Perthes disease. No differences with respect to age, sex, or
      race were found in the arteries of the ligamentum teres.

PMID- 977629
TI  - Triple tenodesis of the knee. A soft-tissue operation for the correction of
      paralytic genu recurvatum.
AB  - There are two types of genu recurvatum: one with bone deformity, which responds
      well to osteotomy, and one with posterior soft-tissue laxity with secondary bone
      changes. To date, no reliable treatment short of arthrodesis has been effective
      for the second type. An operation for this type of genu recurvatum (post
      poliomyelitic) is described: a soft-tissue reconstruction of the lax tissues
      posterior to the knee joint done in three layers. The operation was done on
      sixteen knees in fourteen patients, with an average follow-up of four years and
      three months. The average recurvatum before surgery was 42 degrees and at the
      time of follow-up it was 6 degrees. Preliminary surgery is often required and
      precise surgical technique and prolonged bracing after surgery also are needed.
      All but one patient was made brace-free provided the limb operated on was not
      flail.

PMID- 977630
TI  - Gliding function following flexor-tendon injury. A biomechanical study of rat
      tendon function.
AB  - Gliding function of flexor tendons one hour to eight weeks after a standard
      injury was studied in rat digits by determining terminal force of flexion, tendon
      excursion, and work of flexion using a tensile testing machine. A rapid decrease
      in gliding occurred within hours of injury, indicating that the postoperative
      hematoma and edema restrict gliding long before collagenous adhesions are
      synthesized. The improvement in gliding function with time implies that fibrous
      adhesions can be remodeled. Surgical methods and therapeutic agents, therefore,
      should be directed toward limiting early tissue injury and seeking ways to
      enhance the late remodeling of fibrous peritendinous adhesions along functional
      lines.

PMID- 977631
TI  - Ruptures of the tendo achillis. An objective assessment of surgical and non
      surgical treatment.
AB  - A comparative study is presented of seventy-nine patients with rupture of the
      tendo achillis, forty-eight of whom were treated surgically and thirty-one, non
      surgically. With one exception, all were healthy, athletic individuals. Twenty
      two per cent of the patients had an initial misdiagnosis. The patients treated
      surgically were more satisfied with the results of their treatment. Strength,
      power, and endurance as measured on the Cybex II dynamometer revealed that the
      patients treated non-surgically attained only 72 per cent of normal strength and
      70 per cent of normal power and endurance as compared with the surgically treated
      patients. Wound complications occurred in only two patients and no reruptures
      occurred in the surgically treated group, whereas there were nine rereptures in
      the group not treated surgically.

PMID- 977632
TI  - Osteolytic form of Paget's disease. Differential diagnosis and pathogenesis.
AB  - Of fourteen patients with Paget's disease for whom adequate roentgenograms and
      pathological material were available, six had lesions showing significant or
      predominant osteolysis. Based on a study of these six patients and a review of
      the literature, the following mechanisms were identified as causes of the so
      called osteolytic type of the disease: (1) an "early" destructive Paget's lesion;
      (2) "advanced" Paget's disease with secondary degenerative changes; (3) "seeding"
      of an independent osteolytic lesion, particularly tumor in pre-existing Paget's
      disease; (4) sarcomatous transformation; and (5) immobilization after fracture.
      An osteolytic lesion in a patient without other bone disease may be due to
      Paget's disease, while an associated lytic lesion may be the result of a variety
      of conditions. Accurate pathological diagnosis is essential.

PMID- 977633
TI  - C.T. scanning - a rapidly changing field.

PMID- 977634
TI  - Basic introduction to computerized tomography.

PMID- 977635
TI  - Studies on physical phantoms in the EMI scanner.

PMID- 977636
TI  - A comparison of computer asisted tomography (EMI scanner) with conventional
      neuroradiologic methods in the investigation of patients clinically suspected of
      intracranial tumor.
AB  - Computerized tomography has been used as the initial radiologic investigation
      among 212 intracranial tumor suspects. Ninety-five of these patients were
      ultimately shown to have tumors as a result of all their investigations. Eighty
      tumors were clearly defined by EMI scanning, four further scans were suspicious
      but not unequivocally abnormal and six scans showed complications of the tumor
      rather than the lesion itself. Thus, only five scans were falsely negative in the
      presence of a tumor. The false positive and false negative rates for EMI scanning
      have been compared with conventional techniques and computerized tomography shown
      to compare favourably with angiography or encephalography.

PMID- 977637
TI  - Continuous injection supine phlebography.

PMID- 977638
TI  - Angiographic assessment of pancreatic pseudocyst: a reappraisal.
AB  - The correct diagnosis was established by angiography in 16 of 21 patients with
      pancreatic pseudocyst. The characteristic angiographic abnormalities are arcuate
      stretching of intrapancreatic arteries combined with a filling defect in the
      parenchymal phase of the angiogram. In the five false negative patients, the
      diagnosis was not made either because of the small size of the pseudocyst or a
      primary extrapancreatic location of the lesion. Because of this high false
      negative rate and the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonic scanning in abdominal cystic
      lesions, ultrasound should be the primary diagnostic modality in patients with
      suspected pancreatic pseudocysts.

PMID- 977639
TI  - The congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome in three successive generations.

PMID- 977640
TI  - Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis revisited: or silver vessels among the old.
AB  - This study showed that Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis was found in 23 patients
      over the age of 60. Diabetes or probable diabetes mellitus was found in 22 out of
      23 of these patients. It is concluded that roentgenographic demonstration of MAS
      in this age group is highly specific for diabetes mellitus. Further, a pilot
      study suggests that if MAS is present, without demonstrable plain film evidence
      of coexistent IAS, the chances of the patient having elevated cholesterol seems
      to be approximately one quarter that of the general population over 60. His
      chances of an elevated triglyceride appear to be about half that of the same
      population group.

PMID- 977641
TI  - Demonstration of cavernous hemangiomas of the neck and tongue by internal jugular
      and subclavian venography: a case report.

PMID- 977642
TI  - Gastric and small bowel polyps in Gardner's syndrome and familial polyposis coli.
AB  - The adenomas of Familial Polyposis Coli and of Gardner's syndrome are widely
      thought to affect the large bowel only. However, this report and a critical
      review of the literature shows that of the few hundred reported cases of these
      diseases, at least thirty-six have also shown gastric and/or small bowel polyps.
      The majority have been concentrated in stomach, duodenum and ampulla of Vater and
      the latter two areas have shown the highest incidence of carcinoma. It seems that
      gastric polyps are especially associated with Familial Polyposis Coli, and
      duodeno-ampullary ones with Gardner's syndrome.

PMID- 977643
TI  - Quiz case. Chondromyxoid fibroma.

PMID- 977644
TI  - Structure of the cell envelope of Halobacterium halobium.
AB  - The structure of the isolated cell envelope of Halobacterium halobium is studied
      by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and biochemical analysis. The envelope
      consists of the cell membrane and two layers of protein outside. The outer layer
      of protein shows a regular arrangement of the protein or glycoprotein particles
      and is therefore identified as the cell wall. Just outside the cell membrane is a
      20 A-thick layer of protein. It is a third structure in the envelope, the
      function of which may be distinct from that of the cell membrane and the cell
      wall. This inner layer of protein is separated from the outer protein layer by a
      65 A-wide space which has an electron density very close to that of the
      suspending medium, and which can be etched after freeze-fracture. The space is
      tentatively identified as the periplasmic space. At NaCl concentrations below 2.0
      M, both protein layers of the envelope disintegrate. Gel filtration and
      analytical ultracentrifugation of the soluble components from the two protein
      layers reveal two major bands of protein with apparent mol wt of approximately
      16,000 and 21,000. At the same time, the cell membrane stays essentially intact
      as long as the Mg++ concentration is kept at treater than or equal to 20 mM. The
      cell membrane breaks into small fragments when treated with 0.1 M NaCl and EDTA,
      or with distilled water, and some soluble proteins, including flavins and
      cytochromes, are released. The cell membrane apparently has an asymmetric core of
      the lipid bilayer.

PMID- 977645
TI  - Environmentally induced changes in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of
      Saccharomyces carlsbergensis yeast.
AB  - The effects of culture environment on the volume density and surface density of
      mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in a facultative yeast were studied. When
      compared with cells grown aerobically on a nonrepressive substrate, cells grown
      in the absence of oxygen showed a sharp reduction in both volume density of
      mitochondria and surface density of the inner mitochondrial membrane (imm) in the
      remaining mitochondrial profiles. Use of fermentable (repressive) substrates
      under aerobic conditions restricted the volume density of mitochondria to a much
      greater extent than the surface density of imm. The range of mitochondrial volume
      densities in these experiments was 4-11%. Surface density of endoplasmic
      reticulum (ER) was sensitive to growth rate and in particular to changes in
      oxygen tension, showing large fluctuations during both anaerobic and aerobic
      adaptation. These fluctuations in ER are discussed in relation to the known role
      of this organelle in lipid metabolism.

PMID- 977646
TI  - 125I-labeled human epidermal growth factor. Binding, internalization, and
      degradation in human fibroblasts.
AB  - 125I-labeled human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) binds in a specific and
      saturable manner to human fibroblasts. At 37 degrees C, the cell-bound 125I-hEGF
      initially may be recovered in a native form by acid extraction; upon subsequent
      incubation, the cell-bound 125I-hEGF is degraded very rapidly, with the
      appearance in the medium of 125I-monoiodotyrosine. At 0 degrees C, cell-bound
      125I-hEGF is not degraded but slowly dissociates from the cell. The data are
      consistent with a mechanism in which 125I-hEGF initially is bound to the cell
      surface and subsequently is internlized before degradation. The degradation is
      blocked by inhibitors of metabolic energy production (azide, cyanide,
      dinitrophenol), some protease inhibitors (Tos-Lys-CH2Cl, benzyl guanidobenzoate),
      a lysosomotropic agent (chloroquine) various local anesthetics (cocaine,
      lidocaine, procaine), and ammonium chloride. After the binding and degradation of
      125I-hEGF the fibroblasts are no longer able to rebind fresh hormone. The binding
      capacity of these cells is restored by incubation in a serum-containing medium;
      this restoration is inhibited by cycloheximide or actinomycin D.

PMID- 977647
TI  - Involvement of bristle coat structures in surface membrane formations and
      membrane interactions during coenocytotomic cleavage in caps of Acetabularia
      mediterranea.
AB  - In the multinucleate cap rays of the green alga Acetabularia mediterranea the
      cell surface increases dramatically within a short time period during the final
      stages of coenocytotomic cleavage. In early stages of cyst formation the
      cytoplast is traversed by numerous large and prolate cleavage vesicles which are
      characterized by typical columellar or spinous coat structures. The cleavage
      vesicles are closely associated with the surface of plastids and, to a lesser
      degree, of mitochondria. This intimate association seems to be mediated by
      regularly spaced, densely stained intermembranous cross-bridge structures and is
      maintained throughout cleavage. These cleavage vesicles contain a finely
      fibrillar material structurally similar to the hyaline layer of mucilage that
      fills the space between the plasma membrane and cell wall. They line up with
      invaginations of the plasmalemma and vacuole membranes and, together with smaller
      vesicles interspersed, constitute preformed "perforation lines" for the final
      separation of the coenoblast portions. Equidistantly spaced plaques of attachment
      of such vesicles with surface membrane are described. We hypothesize (a) that the
      cleavage vesicle membrane is the immediate precursor to the new
      postcoenocytotomic surface membrane, (b) that the cleavage vesicle coat
      structures are integrated into the subsurface coat of the plasma membrane, (c)
      that growth of the laterally attached cleavage vesicles by intussusception of
      small fuzzy-coated vesicles is confined to their "free ends," (d) that the
      intermembranous cross-bridge elements are related to bristle coat structures and
      play a role in the establishment of the cleavage lines, and (e) that the
      coenocytotomic cleavage process is organized so that adjacent plastids are
      separated in a way that guarantees the inclusion of several plastids in each
      cyst.

PMID- 977648
TI  - Variations in distribution of con A receptor sites and anionic groups during red
      blood cell differentiation in the rat.
AB  - The distribution of receptors for concanavalin A (Con A) and anionic groups on
      plasma membranes of developing blood cells was investigated in the rat.
      Glutaraldehyde-fixed bone marrow and circulating blood cells were exposed to
      ferritin-conjugated Con A or positively chaged ferric oxide (CI) and processed
      for electro n microscopy. The frequency of Con A and CI binding sites varied
      during different erythroid developmental stages and amont different leukoid cell
      types. There was a constant inverse relationship between Con A and CI binding
      sites. Among leukoid cells, Con A binding was high on plasma cells and
      macrophages, lower on neutrophils and lymphocytes, and still lower on eosinophils
      and basophils; CI binding was highest in the latter and lowest in plasma cells
      and macrophages. Among erythroid cells, there was a progressive increase in Con A
      and a decrease in CI binding after successive divisions of erythroblasts, and a
      progressive decrease in Con A and an increase in CI binding upon maturation of
      the orthochromatic erythroblast to the reticulocyte. The most pronounced
      modification in distribution of these sites occurred during nuclear expulsion:
      that protion of the plasma membrane surrounding the extruded nucleus was heavily
      labeled by Con A (up to four times that of the orthochromatic erythroblast)
      whereas the reticulocyte had considerably fewer sites. The situation was reversed
      with CI. The results suggest that the concentration of nonsialated glycoproteins
      (to which Con A binds) varies inversely to that of sialoproteins (to which CI
      binds) in the membrane of the differentiating erythroid cell. The remarkable
      changes observed at the time of nuclear extrusion suggest that there is either
      local modification of glycosylated groups with removal of sialyl residues from
      the membrane surrounding the extruded nucleus of selective segregation of
      membrane glycoproteins leading to a high concentration of sialoproteins
      (glycophroin) in the membrane of the mature erythrocyte.

PMID- 977649
TI  - Redistribution of surface anionic sites on the luminal front of blood vessel
      endothelium after interaction with polycationic ligand.
AB  - The ability of anionic groups on the luminal surface of blood vessels to
      redistribute by lateral migration under the influence of multivalent ligands was
      analyzed by electron microscopy, using cationized ferritin (CF). In vitro
      interaction of blood vessel segments with CF results in rapid aggregation of most
      anionic sites on the luminal fromt of the endothelium, followed by
      internalization or detachment of the CF patches, leaving most of the luminal
      surface devoid of anionic sites. Further incubation of such endothelial cells
      without CF results in regeneration of binding capacity for the polycationic
      label. Transport of CF, but not of native ferritin, across the endothelium by
      vesicle transport, followed by exocytosis of the interiorized CF clusters on the
      tissue front of the endothelium, was also observed. The possibility that such
      activities in the blood vessels in vivo may be associated with local changes in
      the normal distribution of the surface anionic sites as well as in accumulation
      of debris in the subendothelial layers of the vessels is suggested.

PMID- 977650
TI  - Paramyosin in invertebrate muscles. II. Content in relation to structure and
      function.
AB  - By quantitative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      paramyosin:myosin heavy chain molecular ratios were calculated for three
      molluscan muscles:Aequipecten striated adductor, Mercenaria opaque adductor, and
      Mytilus anterior byssus retractor; and four arthropodan muscles:Limulus telson,
      Homarus slow claw. Balanus scutal depressor, and Lethocerus air tube retractor.
      These ratios correlate positively with both thick filament dimensions and maximum
      active tension development in these tissues. The role of paramyosin in these
      muscles is discussed with respect to the following characteristics: force
      development, "catch," and extreme reversible changes in length.

PMID- 977651
TI  - Relationship of transformation, cell density, and growth control to the cellular
      distribution of newly synthesized glycosaminoglycan.
AB  - Mouse 3T3 cells and their Simian Virus 40-transformed derivatives (3T3SV) were
      used to assess the relationship of transfromation, cell density, and growth
      control to the cellular distribution of newly synthesized glycosaminoglycan
      (GAG). Glucosamine- and galactosamine-containing GAG were labeled equivalently by
      [3H=A1-glucose regardless of culture type, allowing incorporation into the
      various GAG to be compared under all conditions studied. Three components of each
      culture type were examined: the cells, which contain the bulk of newly
      synthesized GAG and are enriched in chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate; cell
      surface materials released by trypsin, which contain predominantly hyaluronic
      acid; and the media , which contain predominantly hyaluronic acid and
      undersulfated chondroitin sulfate. Increased cell density and viral
      transformation reduce incorporation into GAG relative to the incorporation into
      other polysaccharides. Transformation, however, does not substantially alter the
      type or distribution of newly synthesized GAG; the relative amounts and cellular
      distributions were very similar in 3T3 and 3T3SV cultures growing at similar
      rates at low densities. On the other hand, increased cell density as well as
      density-dependent growth inhibition modified the type and distribution of newly
      synthesized GAG. At high cell densities both cell types showed reduced
      incorporation into hyaluronate and an increase in cellular GAG due to enhanced
      labeling of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate. These changes were more
      marked in confluent 3T3 cultures which also differed in showing substantially
      more GAG label in the medium and in chondroitin-6-sulfate and heparan sulfate at
      the cell surface. Since cell density and possibly density-dependent inhibition of
      growth but not viral transformation are major factors controlling the cellular
      distribution and type of newly synthesized GAG, differences due to GAG's in the
      culture behavior of normal and transformed cells may occur only at high cell
      density. The density-induced GAG alterations most likely involved are increased
      condroitin-6-sulfate and heparan sulfate and decreased hyaluronic acid at the
      cell surface.

PMID- 977652
TI  - Cytochalasin B inhibits actin-related gelation of HeLa cell extracts.
AB  - When the 100,000 g supernatant fraction (extract) of HeLa cells lysed in a buffer
      containing sucrose, ATP, DTE, EGTA, imidazole, and Triton X-100 is incubated at
      25 degrees C, it gels, and actin and a HMWP are progressively enriched in the
      extract and in gel isolated from extract. CB (greater than or equal to 0.25 muM)
      inhibits gelation and specifically lowers the concentrations of actin and the
      HMWP in the fraction which sediments at 100,000 g after incubation. These results
      indicate that actin and HMWP are partly disaggregated by cytochalasin treatment,
      and thus that their aggregation is related gelation. Inasmuch as previous results
      showed that actin is present and HMWP is enriched in the plasma membrane fraction
      of HeLa cells, the results also point to a possible relation between plasma
      membrane-associated gel and in vivo effects of CB.

PMID- 977653
TI  - "Central fold" or true junctional profile.

PMID- 977654
TI  - Absence of rDNA amplification in the uninucleolate oocyte of the cockroach
      Blattella germanica (Oorthoptera: Blattidae).
AB  - Amplification of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA oocurs in the oocytes of a
      wide variety of organisms. In oocytes of various species of crickets (Orthoptera:
      Gryllidae) the amplified DNA is contained in a large extrachromosomal DNA body.
      Multiple nucleoli form about the periphery of the DNA body during the diplotene
      stage of meiosis I. In contrast to the general pattern of orthopteran oocytes,
      oocytes of the cockroach Blattella germanica demonstrate a single large nucleolus
      instead of many nucleoli. In order to determine whether the genes coding for rRNA
      are amplified in the oocytes of B. germanica, the relative amount of rDNA in
      oocytes was compared with the rDNA content of spermatocytes and somatic cells. An
      extrachromosomal DNA body similar to that present in crickets is not present in
      B. germanica. A satellite DNA band which contains nucleotide sequences
      complementary to rRNA accounts for approximately 3-5% of the total DNA in somatic
      and in male and female gametogenic tissues. Female cells contain approximately
      twice as much rDNA as do male cells. An XX-XO sex-determining mechanism is
      operative in B. germanica. In situ hybridization with rRNA indicates that the
      nucleolar organizer is located on one end of the X chromosome and that oocytes do
      not contain more than twice the amount of rDNA found in spermato cytes. The data
      indicate that rDNA is not amplified in the uninucleolate oocyte of B germanica.

PMID- 977655
TI  - Vitreous body collagen. Evidence for a dual origin from the neural retina and
      hyalocytes.
AB  - Two different cells types have been shown to synthesize embryonic chick vitreous
      collagen (vitrosin) at different stages of development. Identification of
      vitrosin was established by labeling the embryos in ovo [3H]proline at stages 23
      and 28 and separating the extracted vitreous collagen alpha-chains by
      carboxymethylcellulose chromatography. The labeled collagen consisted
      predominately of alpha 1 chains, indicating a molecule in the form of a trimer of
      identical chains designated (alpha 1)3. The molecular weight of the labeled
      chains measured approximately 95,000 daltons by molecular sieve chromatography,
      and contained 41% of their imino acid as 4-hydroxyproline. To establish which eye
      tissues synthesize vitrosine, the collagens produced in organ culture by the
      isolated neural retina, lens and vitreous body from stages 26-27, 29-30, and 40
      were examined. At the two earlier stages, only the neural retina synthesized
      large quantities of (alpha 1)3 collagen whereas the lens and the cells within the
      vitreous body itself synthesized relatively small amounts of collagen
      characterized by an alpha 1:alpha 2 ratio of about 2:1. At stage 40, however, the
      cells of the vitreous body itself synthesized the greatest quantities of
      collagen, which now was predominantly an (alpha 1)3 type molecule. Stage 40
      neural retina and lens synthesized lesser amounts of collagen with an alpha
      1:alpha 2 ratio of 2 to 3:1. Chick vitrosin thus appears to be synthesized by the
      neural retina in early embryonic stages, whereas the major contribution derives
      from cells within the vitreous body in later development.

PMID- 977656
TI  - Intercellular adhesive selectivity. III. Species selectivity of embryonic liver
      intercellular adhesion.
AB  - A species difference in the intercellular adhesive selectivity of mixtures of
      embryonic liver cells is reported. This is first quantitative assessment of
      species differences in the intercellular adhesive properties of embryonic cells.
      A collecting aggregate assay, a new double-label assay procedure, and
      histological and autoradiographic procedures were used to elucidate the
      intercellular adhesive selectivity of developing mammalian and avian liver cells.
      Evidence is presented that the reported adhesive differences are not due to the
      different cell types composing the respective embryonic mammalian and avian
      livers. Finally, such heterolgous-homotypic selectivity of adhesion is not a
      property of all tissues, since it is shown that developing brain cells
      (mesencephalon) do not exhibit the avove intercellular adhesive selectivity
      (mammalian vs. avian). These findings provide further support for the hypothesis
      that generic identity as well as cell type may play an important part in
      determining the intercellular adhesive behavior of heterologous-homotypic
      mixtures of embryonic cells. A possible evolutionary divergence of morphogenetic
      mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 977657
TI  - Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts. V.
      14CO2 incorporation.
AB  - The ability of cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, to incorporate 14CO2
      into organic compounds soluble in cold-trichloroacetic acid was examined over a
      broad range of cellular water concentrations. Carbon dioxide was not incorporated
      by cysts containing less than about 0.3 g H2O/g dried cysts, the "critical
      hydration" for CO2-fixation. This relationship held whether the cysts were
      hydrated from the liquid or the vapor phase. The incorporation of radioactivity
      was shown to be due exclusively to metabolic activity in the cellular component
      of the cyst. Above the critical hydration, the amount of 14CO2 incorporated was a
      function of cyst water content, but the kinds of metabolites labelled with this
      precursor, and their relative proportions, were found to be similar in cysts of
      greatly different hydration. Almost all of the radioactivity was associated with
      amino acids, Krebs cycle intermediates and related acids, and pyrimidine
      nucleotides. The fact that the pathway involved with CO2-fixation, and subsequent
      metabolism of the fixation products are all initiated in cysts containing as
      little as 0.3 g H2O/g is particularly noteworthy since this hydration level is
      well within the range of the amounts of "bound water" described in the literature
      for a wide array of cells and tissues.

PMID- 977658
TI  - Endotoxin-induced size change in bone marrow progenitors of granulocytes and
      macrophages.
AB  - Injection of 5 mug endotoxin to adult C57BL mice caused a marked increase in the
      sedimentation velocity of granulocytic and macrophage progenitor (colony-forming)
      cells in the bone marrow. This change was maximal two days after injection and
      was not accompanied by corresponding changes in total marrow nucleated cell
      populations. The endotoxin-induced shift was not dependent on the presence of the
      thymus but did not occur in mice challenged after preinjection with endotoxin. No
      changes in buoyant density, cell cycle status, pattern of differentiation and
      responsiveness of granulocytic and macrophage progenitor cells were observed
      after the injection of endotoxin. The increased sedimentation velocity of
      progenitor cells appears to indicate an increase in cell volume but the
      mechanisms involved have not been identified.

PMID- 977659
TI  - Stimulation of DNA synthesis, cell multiplication, and ornithine decarboxylase in
      3T3 cells by multiplication stimulating activity (MSA).
AB  - Multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) has been purified from the conditioned
      media of rat liver cells in culture by a modification of the procedure of Dulak
      and Temin. Purified MSA stimulates [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA in
      subconfluent, serum starved 3T3 cells. Cell cycle analysis by the flow
      microfluorometer shows that the [3H] thymidine incorporation data reflects DNA
      synthesis. MSA also stimulates the multiplication of serum starved subconfluent
      3T3 cells. MSA is approximately 10-fold less active in 3T3 cells than in chick
      embryo fibroblasts in stimulating [3H] thymiding incorporation into DNA. MSA
      causes a 2--10-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in 3T3
      cells and the dose response curve parallels the dose response curve for [3H]
      thymidine incorporation into DNA. The Km of ODC for ornithine is 0.12 mM. There
      is a 30% decrease in the activity of ornithine transaminase (OTA) during the time
      period in which MSA causes an increase in ODC activity. Insulin also stimulates
      [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA, cell multiplication and ODC activity over
      the same concentration range as shown for MSA, however, the extent of stimulation
      by insulin is less than that observed following MSA addition.

PMID- 977660
TI  - Potassium transport in normal and transformed mouse 3T3 cells.
AB  - The components of unidirectional K influx and efflux have been investigated in
      the 3T3 cell and the SV40 transformed 3T3 cell in expontntial and stationary
      growth phase. Over the cell densities used for transport experiments the 3T3 cell
      goes from exponential growth to density dependent inhibition of growth (4 X 10(4)
      to 4 X 10(5) cell cm-2) whereas the SV40 3T3 maintains exponential or near
      exponential growth (4 X 10(4) to 1 X 10(6) cell cm-2). In agreement with previous
      observations, volume per cell and mg protein per cell decrease with increasing
      cell density. Thus, transport measurements have been expressed on a per volume
      basis. Total unidirectional K influx and efflux in the 3T3 cell is approximately
      double that of the SV40 3T3 cell at all cell densities investigated. Both cell
      types have similar volumes initially and show similar decreases with increasing
      cell density. Thus, in this clone of the 3T3 cell SV40 transformation
      specifically decreases unidirectional K flux. The magnitude of the total K flux
      does not change substantially for either cell line during transition from sparse
      to dense cultures. However, the components of the K transport undergo distinct
      changes. Both cell lines possess a ouabain sensitive component of K influx,
      presumably representing the active inward K pump. Both also possess components of
      K influx and efflux sensitive to furosemide. The data suggest this component
      represents a one-for-one K exchange mechanism. The fraction of K influx mediated
      by the ouabain sensitive component is reduced to one half its value when
      exponential versus density inhibited 3T3 cells are compared (63% versus 31% of
      total influx). No comparable drop occurs in the SV40 3T3 cell at equivalent cell
      densities (64% versus 56% of total influx). Thus, the pump mediated component of
      K influx would appear to be correlated with growth. In contrast, the furosemide
      sensitive component represents approximately 20% of the total unidirectional K
      influx and efflux in both cell lines in sparse culture. At high cell densities,
      where growth inhibition occurs in the 3T3 cell but not the SV40 3T3, the
      furosemide sensitive component doubles in both cell lines. Thus, the apparent K-K
      exchange mechanism is density dependent rather than growth dependent.

PMID- 977661
TI  - Growth of cultured cells from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - Fibroblast cultures derived from skin biopsies of patients with ataxia
      telangiectasia had doubling times (mean of five lines: 29.9 +/- 0.6 hours)
      significantly longer than normal controls (mean of ten lines: 22.4 +/- 0.5
      hours).

PMID- 977662
TI  - Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport into human glia and glioma cells in culture.
AB  - The AIB transport into human glia and glioma cells in culture has been studied.
      Because of the high affinity of AIB to the plastic culture dishes, a special
      washing technique had to be developed. With this technique, it was possible to
      perform transport experiments in a single plate containing about one million
      cells. The cells were viable, intact and adhered to the supporting medium
      throughout the experiment. The AIB transport into both types of cells was Na+
      dependent and showed saturation kinetics when the small component of the
      transport due to diffusion had been subtracted. The AIB transport capacity of
      neoplastic glioma cells was 3.6 times higher than that of glia cells. This
      difference was related to the Vmax-values for the two types of cells. The
      apparent Km-values were the same. Inhibition experiments with other amino acids
      support the view that AIB is transported via System A in both glia and glioma
      cells. Sulfhydryl reagents (ethacrynic acid and NEM) and cytochalasin B clearly
      inhibited the AIB transport into glia cells whereas the effect on glioma cells
      was minimal.

PMID- 977663
TI  - Different recovery patterns of mouse haemopoietic stem cells in response to
      cytotoxic agents.
AB  - The response and subsequent recovery of mouse haemopoietic progenitor cells
      (spleen colony forming cells and agar colony forming cells) has been studied
      following two cytotoxic agents. Busulphan was administered to normal mice and
      vinblastine to mice where the progenitor cell proliferation rate had been
      increased by a period of continuous gamma-irradiation. With both these agents
      there is a difference between the response of the spleen colony forming cells and
      the agar colony forming cells during the first five days. They then recover
      together, but much more slowly after fusulphan than after vinblastine even though
      their proliferation rate is increased. The rate of progenitor cell recovery after
      busulphan is increased if the progenitor cells are depleted further by
      vinblastine. However, methotrexate, which severely depletes the peripheral blood
      count and bone marrow cellularity but not the progenitor cells, has no effect on
      the recovery following busulphan. These results suggest that following cytotoxic
      agents the agar colony forming cells ("committed" stem cells) are not self
      maintaining but are dependent on a supply of cells from the pluripotential spleen
      colony forming cells. In addition it appears that the depletion of the progenitor
      cells of the bone marrow and not the depletion of the maturing cells, provides a
      stimulus for stem cell recovery.

PMID- 977664
TI  - A possible involvement polyamines in the initiation of DNA synthesis by human WI
      38 and mouse BALB/3T3 cells.
AB  - Changing the medium, or adding fresh serum, induces a large proportion of the
      proliferatively quiescent cells in confluent monolayers of human WI-38 and mouse
      BALB/3T3 cells to initiate a growth-division cycle. Exposure at the time of the
      medium change or serum addition to MGBG (methyl glyoxal bis [guanylhydrazone]),
      an inhibitor of spermidine and spermine synthesis and function, reduces or stops
      the subsequent flow of cells into the DNA-synthetic phase, without grossly
      affecting RNA synthesis. Mediation of MGBG action by an actual or functional
      shortage of spermidine or spermine (but not putrescine), and consequently an
      involvement of these polyamines in DNA synthesis, is strongly suggested by the
      reduction of the inhibitor's effectiveness by a brief (1-hour), early
      prereplicative exposure of the treated cells to exogenous spermidine and spermine
      (but not putrescine).

PMID- 977665
TI  - Human erythroid colony formation in vitro: evidence for clonal origin.
AB  - Human marrow cells, suspended in methylcellulose medium containing
      erythropoietin, give rise to discrete colonies of hemoglobin synthesizing cells.
      The presumption that such colonies originate from single progenitor cells has
      been tested directly in females with X-chromosome inactivation mosaicism using
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) as a marker. When individual colonies
      were grown from marrow cells obtained from two black females heterozygous for G-6
      PD, only one or the other isoenzyme type was observed, but not both. These
      results are most consistent with the interpretation that human erythroid colonies
      arise from single cells.

PMID- 977666
TI  - The ordered columnar structure of mouse filiform papillae.
AB  - Examination of carefully oriented 1-mum and 5-mum sections of mouse dorsal tongue
      together with scanning electron microscope observations indicates a high degree
      of cellular organization in the papillae. It has been suggested that each
      filiform papilla consists of 2 dominant and 2 minor columns of cells. Labelling
      patterns of the basal cells have been investigated in relation to these columns.

PMID- 977667
TI  - Sulphure in epidermal keratohyalin granules: a quantitative assay by x-ray
      microanalysis.
AB  - The elemental composition of different types of keratohyalin granules from the
      epidermis of newborn and adult rats was studied by means of an EMMA-4 analytical
      electron microscope, equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. An
      absolute quantitation of the sulphur concentration in keratohyalin granules was
      performed. The results demonstrate that epidermal keratohyalin granules are
      chemically heterogeneous. A type of keratohyalin granule present in the nuclei
      and cytoplasm of epidermal cells from both newborn and adult rats - termed single
      granules - is rich in sulphur, having a content of 2-5-3-6%. Other types of
      keratohyalin granules, which differ in newborn and adult rats, contain a sulphur
      poor component; they often have a sulphur-rich component as well. The sulphur
      poor keratohyalin contains 0-6-0-9% sulphur. It is suggested that the sulphur
      rich keratohyalin granules are the source of the peripheral envelope protein of
      cornified cells.

PMID- 977668
TI  - Rapid modification of the morphology of cell contact sites during the aggregation
      of limpet haemocytes.
AB  - Haemocytes suspended in the blood of the limpet Patella vulgata rapidly form
      microspikes and aggregate in response to withdrawal from the haemocoel. It has
      previously been suggested that the contacts between colliding cells in shaken
      suspension are stabilized by the rapid spreading of participant cells over each
      other's surfaces by a microspike-dependent process. In this communication we
      report that an electron-microscopic study of the contacts formed between cells in
      the early stages of aggregation suggests that intercellular contact elicits a
      rapid response from the organelles concerned with cell motility. This response
      leads to the rapid progression of each initial collision through 3 major
      categories of contact morphology, namely cell body/lamella, lamella/lamella and
      cell body/cell body. There is a concomitant increase in the area of mutually
      contacting surface between participating cells. On the basis of these results, a
      model is constructed for the participation of sub-surface components in the
      process of cellular aggregation. The sequence of development of contact found
      between aggregating cells is envisaged to be a consequence of cellular locomotory
      activities resembling those by which these cells spread on to a solid substrate.
      Included in this process is an element of intercellular recognition. It is
      suggested that the involvement of motile elements in cell aggregation is a
      general feature of aggregating cells. This would permit a re-interpretation of
      aggregation experiments which show specificity of cell adhesion, for total
      adhesive interactions between cells would depend not only on the adhesiveness per
      unit area of contacting cell surface but also on the extent or rate of formation
      of flat contact areas. The latter element could be regulated by a recognition
      system between contacting cells independently of the force per unit area which
      holds the 2 surfaces together.

PMID- 977669
TI  - Some ultrastructural aspects of mitosis and early differentiation in human foetal
      lung.
AB  - In rapidly dividing human foetal lung cells there is evidence of synthesis of
      extra membrane prior to mitosis. During prophase the nuclear envelope breaks down
      and is conserved as long double or complex stacks during the following stages of
      mitosis. It is suggested that the membrane is retained partly for incorporation
      into the daughter cell nuclear envelopes and partly for the formation of RER. The
      relevance of the observations to the biochemical data in the literature
      concerning the formation of intracellular membranes is discussed briefly.

PMID- 977670
TI  - The nucleolus organizer and the synaptonemal complex in Endymion non-scriptus
      (L.).
AB  - Stages of meiosis from the bluebell Endymion non-scriptus (L.) were studied by
      electron microscopy. The nucleolus went through the process of segregation at the
      beginning of meiosis with the movement to its surface of a pale-staining region.
      This region was shown to be the same as that called the 'L zone' or lacunae of
      nucleoli. Its chromosomal nature was strongly suggested by the presence of the
      synaptonemal complex within it. This demonstrated that the pale-staining region
      of nucleoli is the nucleolus organizer and almost certainly the chromosome region
      containing the ribosomal cistrons, and justifies the use of these terms to
      describe the structure when seen inside the nucleolus. The relationship between
      this zone and the heterochromatic knob called the nucleolar organizing body in
      maize by other workers is discussed.

PMID- 977671
TI  - [Compression of retropancreatic common bile duct by tuberculous lymph nodes
      causing obstructive icterus].
AB  - Tuberculosis of the hepatic lymph nodes is among the rare causes of obstructive
      jaundice and portal hypertension. The authors report a case of compression of the
      bile duct by retroduodeno-pancreatic tuberculous lymphadenopathy, and recall the
      difficulty of diagnosis before operation. They emphasize the necessity of simple
      surgical measures. Removal of the lymph nodes is dangerous and should not be
      attempted. A biliary by-pass operation should be carried out and its type depends
      on the precise site of the compression. Antituberculous drugs are then given for
      18 months after operation and lead to cure.

PMID- 977672
TI  - [Traumatic rupture of the cervical trachea. Emergency diagnosis and treatment].
AB  - The authors report 3 cases of traumatic rupture of the cervical trachea including
      one associated with total division of the oesophagus. They were impressed by the
      lack of precision and rapidity of the first surgical measures. They then give an
      account of the therapeutic gestures which are possible in a non-specialised unit.

PMID- 977673
TI  - [Protrusion of the femoral vessels into the obturator foramen associated with
      fracture of the pelvis. Surgical treatment].
AB  - The authors were led to operate for a severe ischemic syndrome complicating
      fracture of the pelvis, a patient who presented with curious mobilisation of the
      femoral vessels in the obturator foramen with arterial and venous compression and
      who benefitted from treatment by simple reduction.

PMID- 977674
TI  - [Supra-condylar fractures in the child].
AB  - The author recalls the technical rules for reduction of supra-condylar fractures
      in children by the method of percutaneous nailing. Complications and failures of
      this method are rare and usually due to mistakes. The treatement of sequelae is
      then considered briefly.

PMID- 977675
TI  - [Aneurysms, late complications at the level of anastomosis of an arterial
      bypass].
AB  - The authors report 12 cases of aneurysm occuring in anastomoses in 9 operated
      patients. The delay of onset of these lesions was long, 9 years on average. The
      fraquency appears low, slightly greater than 1 p. 100 in all arterial plastic
      operations. Among the 10 treated lesions half were false aneurysms due to
      breakdown of the suture and half were true aneurysms due to progression of the
      arterial dystrophy. All cases were treated by dissection and insertion of a new
      prosthesis between the old prosthesis and a healthy area, beyond the anastomosis.
      Out of 9 patients, there were 8 good immediate results and one failure due to
      infection at the level of the prosthesis. Among the various methods of
      prevention, avoiding infection may be the most important.

PMID- 977676
TI  - [Critical study of electric activity of the small intestine in the dog].
AB  - Thanks to a cross-circulation, the authors caused to survive in the abdomen of a
      sacrificed dog, the whole of the small intestine, the motor activity of which was
      analysed by electro-enterography. This experimental preparation thus eliminates
      polygraphic recordings of all potential variations outside the small intestine,
      e.g. stomach, colon, diaphragm, muscle, myocardium. One thus obtains very pure
      tracings of the variations of potential originating in the small intestine,
      recorded from bipolar serous intestinal electrodes, they show the activity of the
      small intestine, consisting of a permanent basal electric rhythm on which are
      grafted spikes contemporary of motor phenomena. In the abdominal skin there were
      recorded only a cutaneous slow wave which was contemporary with the deep motor
      phenomena.

PMID- 977677
TI  - [Efficiency of revascularization of the liver by intra-hepatic implantation of
      the splenic vascular pedicle].
AB  - Experiments carried out in 12 dogs with ligature of the hepatic lobar artery,
      show that intra-hepatic implantation of the splenic artery, or vascular pedicle,
      offers limited revascularisation. This produces a fall in blood flow in the
      implanted artery, reduction in glycogen and hepatic A.T.P., associated with a
      fall in the total protein content and hepatosine. At the same time, although
      there is a rich network of neoformed vessels, the hepatic transaminase and
      lactate activities undergo a pronounced rise.

PMID- 977678
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins.
AB  - Proteins were separated on microparticulate bonded phase steric exclusion and
      anion-exchange chromatography supports. A post-column enzyme detector was
      developed which gives a specific and sensitive response for enzymes. The three
      iso-enzymes of creatine phosphokinase were separated and assayed in 4 min and the
      five isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase in 6 min.

PMID- 977679
TI  - A low-cost gradient system for high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Quantitation of complex pharmaceutical raw materials.
AB  - A device is described that makes use of an eight-port motor valve to generate
      step gradients on the low-pressure side of a piston pump with a low dead volume.
      Such a gradient device with an automatic control unit, which also permits
      repetition of previous steps, can be built for about half the cost of a gradient
      system with two pumps. Applications of this gradient unit to the separation of
      complex mixtures of glycosides and alkaloids are discussed and compared with
      separations systems using two high-pressure pumps. The gradients that are used on
      reversed-phase material with solvent mixtures of water and completely miscible
      organic solvents are suitable for quantitative routine control of pharmaceutical
      products. The reproducibility of retention data is excellent over several months
      and, with the use of loop injectors, major components can be determined
      quantitatively with a reproducibility of better than 2% (relative standard
      deviation). The step gradient selector valve can also be used as an introduction
      system for very large sample volumes. Up to 11 can be injected and samples with
      concentrations of less than 1 ppb can be determined with good reproducibilities.

PMID- 977680
TI  - Anodic coulometric detection with a glassy carbon electrode in combination with
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Determination of blood
      levels of perphenazine and fluphenazine.
AB  - A detector for liquid chromatography, based on anodic electrochemical oxidation
      at a glassy carbon electrode, is used in combination with reversed-phase liquid
      chromatography for the determination of the long-acting tricyclic psychotropic
      drugs fluphenazine and perphenazine in blood. Completely porous microparticulate
      silica material, modified so as to give a methyl silica, was used as the
      stationary phase and buffered mixtures of methanol and water as the mobile phase.
      The low detection limit and the selectivity of the coulometric detector made
      possible the determination of concentrations of 1-20 ppb of the compounds of
      interest. An extraction procedure was in order to obtain sufficient selectivity.
      Data for the precision, detection limit and yield of the extraction procedure are
      given. A number of serum levels of perphenazine after oral administration and of
      fluphenazine after i.m. doses of fluphenazine decanoate are stated.

PMID- 977681
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of porphyrins in clinical
      materials.
AB  - Methods for the isolation of porphyrins as their methyl esters from porphyric
      urine and faeces as well as other biological materials are described.
      Quantitative analyses can be carried out by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC), using appropriate internal standards; hence excretion
      patterns in the various types of porphyria can be obtained which may facilitate
      clinical diagnosis more effectively than the earlier qualitative thin-layer
      chromatographic methods. Use of the newer microparticulate column packing
      materials has improved the efficiency of the HPLC analyses, and enables the more
      convenient isochratic elution techniques to be used (rather than gradient
      elution). Separations of some porphyrin isomers on these columns are also
      described.

PMID- 977682
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatography of steroids secreted by human adrenal and
      testis cells in monolayer culture.
AB  - Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with gradient elution on
      Zorbax-ODS columns has been used to separate, identify, and measure,
      spectrophotometrically, the steroids secreted by both human adrenal and testis
      cells in primary monolayer culture. Three related systems using exponential
      concave gradients have been developed with the specific objective of resolving
      the steroids produced by these two tissues. A methanol-water gradient has been
      used to separate most adrenal steroids, an acetonitrile-water gradient to
      separate testis steroids, and a dioxane-water gradient to separate polar
      steroids, including aldosterone. These three systems together permit the
      resolution of at least 43 naturally occurring steroids, plus four synthetic
      steroids with adrenocortical activity, with overall total elution times of 1 h or
      less for each system. Retention data for these steroids are given and the
      separation of steroids in the biological samples illustrated.

PMID- 977683
TI  - Quantitative determination of low levels of daunomycin and daunomycinol in plasma
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of
      daunomycin and its main metabolite, daunomycinol, at low concentrations in plasma
      is described. Quantitative determinations were obtained by the use of adriamycin,
      another cystostatic anthracycline antibiotic, as an internal standard. The
      separations were carried out on a 5-mum silica microsphere column with a
      quaternary solvent mixture as eluent. The components in the eluted peaks were
      detected by visible absorption at 490 nm and there were no interfering peaks. The
      advantages of the method are specificity, sensitivity, minimal pre-analysis
      sample work-up and small sample size. The method is sensitive for plasma levels
      of daunomycin and daunomycinol above 10 ng/ml. Experimental animal data are
      presented to illustrate the application of the method.

PMID- 977684
TI  - Separation of catecholamines and their metabolites by adsorption, ion-pair and
      soap chromatography.
AB  - The separation of catecholamines and their metabolites has been carried out by
      high-performance liquid chromatography using three systems: liquid-solid
      adsorption, ion-pair partition, and soap chromatography. In the last newly
      developed technique a reversed-phase packing is used in conjunction with an
      aqueous organic eluent containing a detergent. The detergent is chosen so that
      its ion can form ion-pairs with ions of the solutes. Soap chromatography proved
      the best technique in terms of column efficiency (giving 3000-5000 plates in 125
      mm), resolution and sensitivity of detection. Noradrenaline, adrenaline and
      dopamine, their 3-O-methyl derivatives, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine,
      homovanillic acid and other related compounds could be separated in less than 10
      min at the 10-50-ng level on columns whose plate heights were in the range of 20
      40 mum. The dependence of retention on the concentration of organic modifier and
      on detergent concentration for three anionic detergents is reported. The method
      is applied to the direct analysis of urine and the potential of the method for
      such analyses, especially of pathological urines is demonstrated. Soap
      chromatography is likely to enlarge the scope of application of high-performance
      liquid chromatography to biochemical analysis. It is a powerful method for the
      separation of ionizable compounds which could replace conventional ion-exchange
      chromatography.

PMID- 977685
TI  - Determination of naloxone and naltrexone as perfluoroalkyl ester derivatives by
      electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - An electron-capture gas chromatographic method is described for the determination
      of naloxone and naltrexone as the perfluoroalkyl esters. Each compound serves as
      internal standard for determination of the other. The method permits quantitation
      of 2-100 ng of either compound. Conditions for derivatization with
      heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA), and
      trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) have been investigated. When catalyzed with
      pyridine, derivatization with HFBA and PFPA at 70 degrees gives naloxone and
      naltrexone triesters. Evidence for triester formation was obtained from gas
      chromatography-methane chemical ionization mass spectrometry and infrared
      spectral analysis. It was found that both the HFB and PFP triesters are suitable
      for quantitation of the narcotic antagonists, the HFB derivatives having greater
      stability than the PFP derivatives. The TFA derivatives are substantially less
      stable.

PMID- 977686
TI  - Quantitative determination of hexosamines in glycoprotein by ion-exchange
      chromatography.
AB  - An ion-exchange chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of
      glucosamine and galactosamine in glycoproteins is described. The hexosamines are
      completely separated from interfering peptides of the acid hydrolysate using a
      small column of cation exchanger in a manner described earlier by Boas.
      Chromatographic separation of the hexosamine fraction and the determination of
      glucosamine and galactosamine are accomplished on an amino acid analyzer with
      ninhydrin.

PMID- 977687
TI  - A simple combination of Rf value and melting-point determination for the
      identification of barbiturates.

PMID- 977688
TI  - Simple thin-layer chromatographic identification method for erythromycin
      stearate.

PMID- 977689
TI  - New method for the preparation of highly stable polysiloxane-coated glass open
      tubular capillary columns and application to the analysis of hormonal steroids.
AB  - A new approach to the preparation of methylsiloxane-coated glass open-tubular
      capillary columns is described. A siloxane polymeric mixture is first prepared by
      hydrolysis of dimethyldichlorosilane. The polymer is then coated on to the
      previously etched glass wall by a base-catalyzed reaction to yield a non-polar
      system of high stability and showing satisfactory chromatographic properties.
      This type of column has been used for the high-resolution separations of complex
      hormonal steroid mixtures. The flexibility of this method should permit the
      preparation of capillary systems with a wide range of polarity.

PMID- 977690
TI  - Rapid quantitative microanalysis of ketones in urine by gas chromatography-mass
      fragmentography.
AB  - A quantitative method is described for determination of 4-heptanone and its
      precursor in urine. The method involves a single-step extraction of urine with
      cyclohexane and the analysis of 1 mul of the extract by gas chromatography-mass
      fragmentography. The detection limit is 8-10(-12)g, corresponding to 2 mug per
      1000 ml of urine. The method is linear in the concentration range of 7.6-10(-9)
      1.5-10(-5)g/ml and the relative standard deviations for the individual values are
      between 1.2 and 10%. Approximately 40 samples can be analyzed per day or 1 sample
      in 7-8 min. By varying the experimental conditions, the method is applicable to
      other ketones.

PMID- 977691
TI  - Column elution and concentration of volatile compounds in biological fluids.
AB  - A new solvent elution method is described for the isolation and concentration of
      volatile metabolites in biological fluids. The procedure involves elution of the
      sample with a solvent through a micro-column of an adsorbent into glass-wool and
      evaporation of the excess solvent in a stream of helium at room temperature. The
      volatiles are revocered by subsequent heat desorption into a chromatogrpaphic
      system. Both elution and evaporation are made in a single step using a novel
      sampling device. Since the technique is based on liquid-solid adsorption
      chromatography, the adsorbent-solvent system which gives the maximum yield of
      volatile constituents was studied. The method is simple, highly efficient and
      reproducible, requiring only small volumes of biological fluids (less than 100
      mul).

PMID- 977692
TI  - Profiles of volatile metabolities in body fluids.
AB  - A method for the analysis of volatile metabolites present in plasma, urine,
      breast milk and amniotic fluid collected from mother-infant pairs has been
      developed which requires only 100 mul of plasma, 3 ml of urine, 20 mul of breast
      milk and 500 mul of amniotic fluid. After extraction with diethyl ether, the
      volatile compounds were absorbed on glass wool in a special concentration tube
      and subsequently desorbed and transferred to a 100-m nickel capillary column for
      analysis by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The
      separations, carried out by temperature programming, were complete in 90 min.

PMID- 977693
TI  - Picogram analysis of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine hormones in serum
      by equilibrium dialysis and electron capture gas chromatography.
AB  - A methodology involving equilibrium dialysis and gas chromatography has been
      developed to measure concurrently the concentration of the dialyzable (i.e.,
      free) fractions of thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in serum. The electron
      capture response of the N,0-diheptafluorobutyryl methyl ester derivatives of
      these hormones allows their detection and quantitation in the picogram range
      (detection limit approx. 0.2pg). Purification of the dialysate is achieved using
      a cation-exchange column which is pretreated with diiodothyronine. Adsorption
      problems on the glassware are eliminated by silanization. The methodology also
      resolves 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3).

PMID- 977694
TI  - Determination of hydralazine and its metabolites by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Metabolism of the vasodilator hydralazine was investigated by in vivo and in
      vitro studies. Standards to identify metabolic products were synthesized.
      Determination and quantification of hydralazine and its metabolites were
      accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A deuterium-labeled
      internal standard was used for quantification. 14C-labeled internal standards
      were synthesized and used to demonstrate recoveries from the biological samples.

PMID- 977695
TI  - Gas chromatographic study of free polyols and aldoses in cataractous human lens
      tissue.
AB  - An analytical procedure for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of human
      lens tissue for polyol and aldose content is described. Profile samples are
      obtained by direct derivatization of lyophilized lenses. The components are
      analyzed as per-O-acetylpolyols (from the polyols) and per-O-acetylaldononitriles
      (from the aldoses). This procedure converts each component into a single
      derivative and terminal dissymmetry for each aldose is retained. The derivatives
      form in quantitative yield, give good chromatographic peaks, are thermally stable
      and readily volatilized. They are not subject to adsorption on gas
      chromatographic columns and are suitable for both qualitative and quantitative
      analytical studies. Six non-cataractous lenses and fourteen lenses from patients
      with senile cataract (in seven instances complicated by diabetic pathology) were
      analyzed. Thermostable borosilicate glass open-tubular capillary columns, coated
      with the nonpolar phase SE-30, and containing dispersed particles of silanized
      silicic acid, were used for the gas chromatographic separations. The results are
      discussed in relation to what is known from earlier studies of human and animal
      cataracts. A gas chromatographic method for determining the polyol and aldose
      excretion levels of controlled diabetics is also reported along with a typical
      metabolic profile.

PMID- 977696
TI  - Study of the intestinal tyrosine metabolism using stable isotopes and gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Deuterated tyrosine, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 4
      hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were incubated under anaerobic
      conditions with human faecal specimens for the in vitro study of their respective
      metabolisms. After 1 week, aromatic acids and phenols were extracted and analyzed
      by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. [3',5'-2H2]Tyrosine produced 4
      hydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic
      acid; [3',5'-2H2]-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid produced 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic
      acid, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and
      phenylproionic acid; [3',5'-2H2]-4'-hydroxyphenyl-propionic acid produced 3
      hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and phenylpropionic acid; [3',5',2,2-2H4]-4'
      Hydroxyphenylacetic acid produced p-cresol; and [3',5'-2H2]-4'-hydroxybenzoic
      acid produced phenol. Thus the intestinal flora showed activities for
      decarboxylation leading to phenol and p-cresol, dehydroxylation leading to
      phenylpropionic acid and rearrangement leading to 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid.
      Rentention of both deuterium labels was observed in the rearrangement reaction.

PMID- 977697
TI  - Aldehyde condensation products as derivatives for the vapor phase analysis of
      biogenic amines.
AB  - The mass spectra of six tetrahydroisoquinolines and five tryptolines are
      surveyed. It is concluded that tryptolines are suitable for analysis of
      tryptamines, after condensation with aldehydes.

PMID- 977698
TI  - Applications of boronate derivatives in the study of ceramides by gas-liquid
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Methaneboronate derivatives of ceramides possess excellent gas-liquid
      chromatographic properties and give informative mass spectra. Molecular ions,
      present at high abundance where an unsaturated acyl substituent is present, are
      accompanied in the electron impact mass spectra by fragment ions which denote the
      acyl group and long-chain base. In the gas-liquid chromatographic-mass
      spectrometric analyses of natural ceramides, as methaneboronate derivatives, the
      properties of open-tubular columns are exploited to give good separations in
      moderate analysis times. An application is made to the analysis of ceramides
      derived from sphingomyelin of human arterial tissue.

PMID- 977699
TI  - Chemical ionization mass spectrometry for rapid assay of drugs in serum.
AB  - A rapid procedure has been devised for analyzing anti-epileptic drugs in serum by
      chemical ionization mass spectrometry. An internal standard, 5-(p-methylphenyl)-5
      phenylhydantoin (MPPH), is added to serum diluted in buffer at pH 12. The mixture
      is washed with diethyl ether to remove neutral lipids, acidified, extracted with
      chloroform and the chloroform extract evaporated to dryness. The residue is then
      dissolved in methanol and an aliquot, corresponding to approximately 2% of the
      original mixture, is deposited in the glass capillary sample cup of the solid
      probe inlet of the mass spectrometer. The sample is then volatilized by heat into
      the ion source of the mass spectrometer, where it reacts with ionized methane
      reagent gas. As the temperature of the probe is increased, quasimolecular ion
      peaks of the protonated anticonvulsants appear, rise and fall on the oscilloscope
      tracing, indicating similar but not identical rates of volatilization. We
      recorded these peaks photographically by opening the shutter of the oscilloscope
      camera for the entire heating cycle. The concentrations of the anticonvulsants
      were estimated from the ratio of the height of the peaks of the drug to that of
      the internal standard on the photograph. The peak-height ratios were proportional
      to concentration within, above and below the therapeutic range. Other drugs,
      including barbiturates, carbamazepine, nicotine and caffeine, were readily
      identified when present. With one solid probe inlet, an assay could be performed
      every 2 min.

PMID- 977700
TI  - Structure-gas chromatographic electron capture sensitivity relationships of some
      substituted 17alpha-acetoxyprogesterones.
AB  - Structure-electron capture sensitivity relationships were established for
      underivatized 17alpha-acetoxyprogesterones. While progesterone was very
      insensitive, 17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone had a response of 4.8 X 10(2) C/mole.
      Methyl groups in the A or B ring of 17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone had no effect. A
      keto group at C-6 was 25 times more sensitive (1.2 X 10(4) C/mole). A double bond
      at C-6,7 enhanced the sensitivity sevenfold (3.5 X 10(3) C/mole), but double
      bonds at C-1,2 or C-9,11 had only slight effect. Substitution at C-16 was
      important. A methyl group at C-16 had two and three times the sensitivity in the
      3-keto delta4 and 3-keto delta4,6 series (1.1 X 10(3) and 1.1 X 10(4) C/mole),
      respectively. A methylene group at C-16, in contrast showed a six-and twofold
      greater sensitivity over the C-16 methyl in the two series (7 X 10(3) and 2.2 X
      10(4) C/mole), respectively. The most sensitive compound was 6-dehydro-6methyl-16
      methylene-17alpha-acetoxyprogesterone (melengestrol acetate). Its sensitivity was
      2.2 X 10(4) C/MOL, Comparable to the most sensitive halo esters of steroid
      alcohols reported in the literature. Its electron capture coefficient was 3-7.6X
      10(10) 1/mole. The coef-icient was independent of the detector temperature,
      indicating low activation energy for electron absorpiton.

PMID- 977701
TI  - Application of gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid
      chromatography to the analysis of trace amounts of salicylic acid,
      acetylsalicylic anhydride and acetylsalicylsalicylic acid in aspirin samples and
      aspirin formulations.
AB  - The gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) determination of salicylic acid (SA) in 12
      commercial acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, ASA) samples and 12 ASA formulations is
      reported. The GLC determination of SA as an impurity in ASA, utilising
      methylation with methyl iodide in the presence of potassium carbonate, requires a
      column chromatographic separation of SA prior to derivatization. Trace amounts of
      SA in ASA have also been determined by high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) on a Sil-X-I adsorption column using light petroleum-ethyl acetate-acetic
      acid as the mobile phase. Acetylsalicylic anhydride (ASN) and
      acetylsalicylsalicylic acid (ASSA) were determined by HPLC on a reversed-phase
      C18 column with water-methanol mixtures as the mobile phase. GLC was also applied
      to the determination of ASN as an impurity in ASA formulations.

PMID- 977702
TI  - Post-column fluorescence derivatization of peptides. Problems and potential in
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Some  critical parameters such as the pumping system, mixing devices and detector
      design in instrumentation for post-column derivatization in high-performance
      liquid chromatography are discussed. The derivatization was studied with
      pharmaceutically important nona-peptides containing primary amino groups which
      react with Fluram and reaction parameters such as pH, solvent and reagent
      concentration were investigated. Both adsorption systems and reversed-phase
      systems were used to separate the peptides prior to the post-column reaction.
      Reversed-phase chromatography has the advantage of simpler sample preparation,
      better reaction control and optimization of solvent conditions. As a result,
      detection limits of between 5 and 10 ng per injection can be obtained and the
      reproducibility of the results is better than +/- 2% (relative standard
      deviation). The method has been applied to the analysis of injection solutions
      (ampoules).

PMID- 977703
TI  - Evaluation of microparticle chemically bonded reversed-phase packings in the high
      pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of nucleosides and their bases.
AB  - The reversed-phase partition mode of high-pressure liquid chromatography was used
      for the analysis of seven of the naturally occurring nucleosides and their bases.
      With microparticle chemically bonded packings, nucleosides and their bases can be
      quantitatively determined in the presence of nucleotides in 30 min with high
      sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. Peaks in chromatograms of cell
      extracts were identified by absorbance ratios and enzymatic peak shift methods.
      Applications of this technique to biochemical studies are reported.

PMID- 977704
TI  - Selective liquid chromatographic isolation procedure for gas chromatographic-mass
      spectrometric analysis of 3-ketosteroids in biological materials.
AB  - A method for the isolation of 3-ketosteroids based on the positive charge of
      their oximes is described. The biological extract is filtered through a column of
      sulphoethyl Sephadex LH-20 (H+). Steroids in the filtrate are converted into
      oximes and the dried reaction mixture is filtered through a column of
      diethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20 (OH-) in methanol. After evaporation of
      the solvent and hydroxylamine, the oximes are taken up by and separated on a
      column of sulphoethyl Sephadex LH-20 (H+) in  methanol. Following elution of
      other steroids, the oximes of 3-ketosteroids are eluted as a group with methanol
      pyridine (20:1, v/v), and are converted into trimethylsilyl ethers. Removal of
      reagents and further purification of the sample is achieved by rapid filtration
      through Lipidex 5000 in n-hexane-pyridine-hexamethyldisilazane-dimethoxypropane
      (97:1:2:10). The derivatives are then analyzed by computerized gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry using open-tubular glass capillary columns. Recoveries of
      picogram amounts of 3H-labelled steroids carried through the entire isolation
      procedure are 80-90%. The purification achieved in analyses of plasma permits
      solid injection of the equivalent of 1-2 ml of plasma without overloading of the
      capillary column. The principle of the isolation procedure might be applicable to
      other groups of compounds that possess keto or aldehydo groups.

PMID- 977705
TI  - Analysis of benzoylecgonine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography
      and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Benzoylecgonine, a polar metabolite of cocaine, was extracted and purified from
      urine using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic column. The
      portion of the eluent corresponding to elution of the drug was collected,
      derivatized, and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with
      selected ion monitoring. Using this procedure, analysis of 1 ng/ml of
      benzoylecgonine in urine can be achieved.

PMID- 977706
TI  - Microdetermination of nitrates and nitrites in saliva, blood, water, and
      suspended particulates in air by gas chromatography.
AB  - A generally applicable method for the analysis of nitrates and nitrites  has been
      used for a wide variety of samples, including human saliva, blood, drinking
      water, and airborne particulates. Aqueous nitrate ion is first converted to
      nitrobenzene by reaction with benzene (or another aromatic reactant) in the
      presence of a catalyst. The nitrobenzene is then quantitated by electron capture
      gas chromatography (GC-ECD). Nitrite ion and gaseous oxides of nitrogen can be
      determined also if such samples are treated appropriately prior to CG-ECD
      analysis. Other reactants such as 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene can also be used in the
      place of benzene. The high sensitivity of ECD allows the quantitation of as
      little as 0.1 ppm (w/w) nitrate in a single drop of saliva or blood.

PMID- 977707
TI  - Evaluation of organic pollutants in the open air and atmospheres in industrial
      sites using graphitized carbon black traps and gas chromatographic-mass
      spectrometric analysis with specific detectors.
AB  - A method for evaluating the organic content of the atmosphere, involving the use
      of personal samplers, is described. A comparison of the performances of Tenax GC
      and Carbopack B is given in terms of sample recovery. Apparatus including
      selective columns, specific detectors and combined gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry is also described. Practical examples of the analysis of organic air
      pollutants trapped in the open air and the atmosphere in a chemical plant are
      discussed. A comparison of the results of complete gas chromatography and of the
      total hydrocarbon content is also made.

PMID- 977708
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric evaluation of exhaled tobacco smoke.
AB  - The impact of cigarette smoking on the distribution of organic substances in
      ambient air has been determined for the intermediate volatility range. A simple
      sampling procedure was employed, involving gas-solid adsorption onto an organic
      polymer followed by direct thermal elution onto a glass capillary column.
      Aliphatic and substituted aromatic hydrocarbons are predominant in urban
      atmospheres. Depending on location and weather conditions the total concentration
      of such volatiles can differ by as much as a factor of 20. This high background
      variation makes it difficult to analyze for trace substances with low odor
      threshold values, such as encountered in cigarette smoke. Standard cigarettes
      were smoked in a relatively small room, having no air filtration system. Air
      samples of approximately 3.51 were taken. The amount of volatiles added to air by
      cigarette smoking is unsignificant. Substances were analyzed and identified by
      gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with glass capillary
      columns. Many compounds reported in cigarette smoke condensate have been
      confirmed.

PMID- 977709
TI  - Application of high-speed liquid chromatography to the analysis of
      polyoxyethylene surfactants and their decomposition products in industrial
      process waters.
AB  - Complementary high-speed liquid chromatographic techniques have been combined
      with infrared spectroscopy for the characterization and analysis of
      polyoxyethylene fatty acid surfactants and their decomposition products in
      industrial process waters. The combination of molecular sieve chromatography and
      infrared spectroscopy offers a selective and simple method for the analysis of
      trace concentrations (detection limit approx. 0.05-0.1 ppm) of these surfactants.
      Liquid-solid and reversed-phase chromatography have proven useful for the
      characterization and analysis of free fatty acids. Some of the parameters that
      affect the reversed-phase separation of fatty acids are discussed.

PMID- 977710
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of hydrazoic acid.
AB  - A gas chromatographic procedure was developed for the determination of hydrazoic
      acid. Two possible columns were evaluated. The limits of detectability were 1.5
      ng, or approximately 0.05%, in aqueous solution (w/v) and 2 mg per liter in air.

PMID- 977711
TI  - Determination of aminophenol isomers by high-speed liquid chromatography.
AB  - The simultaneous quantitation of aminophenol isomers (p-, m- and o-aminophenol)
      and anilline, which with previously reported methods was difficult and/or
      complicated, has been performed using a high-speed liquid chromatographic method.
      The resolutions of chromatograms were appropriate for separation and
      quantitation, when analysis times were 20 minutes. Since the method is applicable
      in aqueous media, a successful quantitation of p- and o-aminophenol formed by
      cytochrome P-450 model systems was carried out.

PMID- 977712
TI  - Theophylline and dyphylline levels in serum by liquid chromatography.
AB  - The widespread use of theophylline and dyphylline as bronchodilators in the
      treatment of acute and chronic obstructive airway disease, and recognition of the
      need to control the therapeutic drug level has created a demand for fast accurate
      measurement techniques. Measurement of theophylline levels by ultraviolet
      spectrophotometric techniques is hindered by interferences from barbiturates and
      caffeine, and thermal lability of the drug necessitates derivatization if gas
      chromatography is to be used. Because of these factors, a liquid chromatographic
      method has been developed which allows separation of the underviatized drug from
      interfering compounds, and quantitation of the theophylline in a single
      operation. In addition, the drug-containing fraction can be readily collected and
      subjected to mass spectral examination if there is any question as to its
      identify. The latter feature has particular significance in medico-legal cases.

PMID- 977713
TI  - The separation, identification, and quantitation of cannabinoids and their
      tau=butyldimethylsilyl, trimethylsilylacetate, and diethylphosphate derivatives
      using high-pressure liquid chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Methods for the separation, identification, and quantitation, of cannabinoids
      present in hashish have been developed. These methods include high-pressure
      liquid chromatographic and gas-liquid chromatographic separation of cannabinol,
      delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabidiol as
      well as their tau-butyidimethylsilyl either and trimethylsilylacetate
      derivatives. The necessity for internal standards; the sensitivity of the HPLC
      method; and some mass spectral fragmentation pathways for the tau
      butyldimethylsily, trimethylsilylacetate, and diethylphosphate derivatives are
      discussed.

PMID- 977714
TI  - Irradiation and thyroid carcinoma: legacy and controversy.

PMID- 977715
TI  - Design of blood pressure screening for clinical trials of hypertension.

PMID- 977716
TI  - Sexual problems in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 977717
TI  - Some suggested improvements to current statistical methods of analyzing
      contraceptive efficacy.

PMID- 977718
TI  - A study of the effects of fasting time on the one hour glucose tolerance test.

PMID- 977719
TI  - Studies of human diploid fibroblast growth. I. Responses of normal and
      hypopituitary cells to fibroblast growth factor, insulin, and serum.
AB  - We have assayed the growth stimulating activity of bovine insulin, fibroblast
      growth factor (FGF), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) in diploid human fibroblasts
      from normal and idiopathic hypopituitary donors. All three factors stimulated DNA
      synthesis in cells arrested by serum starvation. FGF was active at concentrations
      as low as 5 ng/ml with maximum effect at 100 ng/ml. FGF stimualted DNA synthesis
      at lower concentrations than did insulin and also produced a greater maximum
      response. Only serum was capable of supporting cell division and growth, but FGF
      accellerated this growth rate when it was added to serum-containing medium.
      Hydrocortisone, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide inhibit FGF stimulation. There
      was no significant difference between fibroblasts from normal and hypopituitary
      donors.

PMID- 977720
TI  - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: a peculiar case with unusual dystonic behavior and
      variable relations of paralysis to serum potassium levels.
AB  - This report describes a male patient, aged 49, with tyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
      The patient had had episodes of main d'accoucheur for eight years. Since
      thyrotoxicosis had affected the patient last year, he had had attacks of flaccid
      paralysis of the limbs associated with main d'accoucheur. While the spontaneous
      attack was normokalemic and responded favorably to potassium, attacks similar to
      the spontaneous one were provoked not only by glucose infusion, carbohydrate
      feeding, and NaCl infusion, but also by oral KCl administration. Transition from
      hypokalemic to hyperkalemic type of paralysis occurred during potassium treatment
      of a sodium-induced attack, and that from hyperkalemic to hypokalemic type of
      paralysis occurred after glucose infusion given during a potassium-induced
      attack. Intra-arterial epinephrine injection caused prompt paralysis of the
      perfused hand. A main d'accoucheur was induced in one hand by cooling it in
      chilled water. The spontaneous attacks of flaccid paralysis disappeared after the
      patient returned to the euthyroid state, but reappeared when he was treated with
      high doses of desiccated thyroid. Even when the patient was relieved from
      thyrotoxicosis,  he still experienced stiffness in his hands. The administration
      of glucose, insulin, and KCl also provoked attacks of paralysis with main
      d'accoucheur or main d'accoucheur. The disease could be of the normokalemic
      variety of periodic paralysis with fluctations in the potassium levels depending
      on the provocative tests employed. It seems that the unusual dystonic behavior of
      this patient is due not to myotonia, but to muscle spasm resulting from metabolic
      abnormalities. It could also be suggested that excess thyroid hormones have
      adverse effects on the development and syndrome of periodic paralysis by abetting
      a latent hereditary abnormality.

PMID- 977721
TI  - Aromatization of androstenedione by cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - The conversion of (1, 2, 6, 7-3H)androstenedione to (3H)estrone was measured in
      fibroblast monolayers grown from biopsies of genital and nongenital skins
      obtained from 15 control subjects, 9 males with developmental defects of the
      urogenital tract, and 8 patients with hereditary male pseudohermaphroditism.
      Under the standardized conditions utilized in this study, the rate of estrone
      formation in the fibroblasts from normal controls varied from less than 0.2 to
      5.5 pmol/100 mg protein/h, and these rates were enhanced by incubation of intact
      monolayers with choleragen, theophylline, or dexamethasone. Rates of estrone
      formation were higher in some foreskin strains grown from subjects with
      developmental defects of the urogenital tract and in strains from scrotum and
      foreskin  of patients with familial incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism, types
      1 and 2 than in normal strains or strains from patients with testicular
      feminization. The meaning of these apparent high rates of estrone formation is
      unclear.

PMID- 977722
TI  - Propionic acidemia and hyperlysinemia in a case with ornithine transcarbamylase
      (OTC) deficiency.
AB  - A female infant with episodic hyperammonemia due to a disorder of the urea cycle
      and who had hyperlysinemia and an unusual elevation of short chain fatty acids,
      mainly propionate, is described. Both occurred apparently only during attacks of
      hyperammonemia. Propionic acidemia was ruled out by enzyme studies. OTC
      deficiency was diagnosed on the basis of: 1) decreased enzyme activity in
      leukocytes;2) hyperammonemia in response to protein intakes in excess of 2.0
      g/kg/day; 3) orotic aciduria in the patient and her asymptomatic mother; 4)
      suggestive evidence of x-linked dominant inheritance; and 5) exclusion of
      citrullinemia, argininosuccinic aciduria, argininemia, and disorders of lysine
      metabolism that are associated with hyperammonemia. Homocitrullinuria, presence
      of epsilon-N-acetyl-l-lysine in urine, and absence of saccharopine indicate
      deficiency of the saccharopine pathway of lysine degradation. However, alpha
      ketoglutarate reductase was normal in fibroblasts. Since these metabolites were
      observed only in conjunction with hyperammonemia but not after a lysine load, we
      suggest that there was competition between ammonia and lysine for alpha
      ketoglutarate. The link between disorders of the urea cycle and short chain fatty
      acid metabolism remains unexplained..

PMID- 977723
TI  - Improving the diagnostic reliability of rapidly fluctuating plasma hormone levels
      by optimized multiple-sampling techniques.
AB  - When plasma hormone levels undergo rapid and large oscillations, as in the case
      of testosterone, FSH, and LH, a single random sample is likely to yield a result
      within +/-20% of the true mean value only 68%, 54%, and 30% of the time,
      respectively. Multiple sampling increases reliability, and computer analysis
      demonstrates that three equally-spaced samples taken at 6 to 18 min intervals
      provide the optimum schedule, given certain practical considerations. Pooling of
      the three plasma samples prior to radioimmunoassay avoids an increased laboratory
      workload.

PMID- 977724
TI  - Dose-response of prolactin and thyrotropin to N3im-methyl-thyrotropin releasing
      hormone in euthyroid men.
AB  - The synthetic N3im-methyl analogue of thyrotropin releasing hormone (methyl-TRH)
      was administered intravenously to 15 euthyroid men, ages 36-62, in graded doses
      from 6.25 mug to 500 mug in order to establish the range of response of prolactin
      (PRL), TSH, T3 and T4 to various doses of methyl-TRH. There was a dose-related
      rise in serum TSH, PRL, T3, and T4 which gave a nearly linear relationship when
      the integrated area of response was used as an index of response to the various
      doses of methyl-TRH. All 15 men had a clear elevation in TSH, PRL, T3 and T4
      following the lowest dose of methyl-TRH TESTED (6.25 mug). There was considerable
      variability in the response to methyl-TRH among the individuals. One hundred mug
      of methyl-TRH gave a maximum TSH response; a 25 mug dose elicited a maximum PRL
      response.

PMID- 977725
TI  - Serum lipid changes during contraceptive administration in obese women: relation
      to serum insulin levels.
AB  - Previous reports agree that estrogen and estrogen-containing contraceptives
      increase serum triglyceride levels of normal women, but disagree on their effect
      on serum cholesterol levels. Since obesity is often accompanied by
      hyperinsulinemia and since hyperinsulinemia may participate in production of
      hypertriglyceridemia, we investigated the effect of oral contraceptives on the
      serum lipids of obese women. Serum triglycerides and cholesterol were measured
      before and after 3 months administration of the contraceptives. The mean
      triglyceride level increased 23% in the obese and 21% in the normal women. The
      mean cholesterol level increased 6% (P less than 0.05) in the obese and did not
      change in the normal women. The increase in cholesterol occurred mostly in those
      with initial levels less than 225 mg/100 ml; in those with initial levels above
      250 mg/100 ml the level usually decreased with treatment. The serum lipid changes
      were not related to the serum insulin levels.

PMID- 977726
TI  - Endogenous estrogen modulates phenothiazine stimulated prolactin secretion.
AB  - The role of endogenous estrogen in the regulation of serum prolactin
      concentration in man is controversial. To evaluate the possible effect of
      endogenous fluctuations in serum estrogen on the regulation of prolactin
      secretion, the authors determined phenothiazine stimulated prolactin secretion in
      12 women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle when estrogen
      levels were low (mean +/- SE E1 + E2 = 82 +/- 7 pg/ml) and compared it to the
      response during the late follicular phase when estrogen levels were higher (mean
      E1 + E2 = 320 +/- 63 pg/ml). Mean basal serum prolactin concentrations were
      similar in the early and late follicular phases of the cylcle (17 +/- 4 and 20 +/
      2 ng/ml, respectively). The integrated prolactin response following
      phenothiazine administration was significantly higher at mid-cycle (402 +/- 46 ng
      hr/ml) than in the early follicular phase (317 +/0 46 ng-hr/ml, P less than .02).
      Thus, these studies suggest that endogenous estrogen secretion may play a role in
      the regulation of serum prolactin concentration in man.

PMID- 977727
TI  - Partial characterization of somatomedin bioactivity in term human amniotic fluid.
AB  - Somatomedin (SM) activity in human amniotic fluid (AF) was partially
      characterized. Aliquots of pooled AF, obtained at term gestation, were acidified
      to pH 2.3 and sequentially studied by ultrafiltration on various membranes,
      Sephadex gel filtration, and starch gel electrophoresis (SGE). SM activity was
      measured by a rat cartilage bioassay. SM activity in AF, under these conditions,
      was present in several stable indicated molecular size (IMS) forms; large
      (greater than 45,000) and small (near 10,000). The small SM was found in basic
      and acidic forms after SGE. These studies suggest that SM activity in term human
      AF is somewhat similar to SM in unextracted plasma. In addition, immunoreactive
      GH and insulin were measured in AF but at lower concentrations than usually found
      in plasma. After chromatography of AF, GH was found in large and small IMS forms,
      whereas most of the insulin was found in the monomer insulin IMS area.

PMID- 977728
TI  - Suppression of luteinizing hormone in castrated women by the administration of
      human chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - The suppressive effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on luteinizing
      hormone (LH) and/or LH-beta was studied by specific LH-beta radioimmunoassay
      following hCG administration. Eight castrated women were each administered 10,000
      IU of hCG in a single intramuscular injection and five women in the control group
      were injected with saline. The serum level of hCG increased after the injection,
      reaching 217.6 mIU/ml after 8 h. There was a significant suppression of LH levels
      as compared to those of the control group and the pre-injection levels: 68.2% 1 h
      after injection, 64.7% after 2h, 65.5% after 4 h, 77.0% after 8 h, 78.6% after 12
      h, and 78.2% after 24 h. There was no significant suppression of the follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) as compared to the preinjection and control values.
      Serum concentration of estradiol1 was not detectable either before or after the
      hCG injection. We conclude that hCG has a suppressive effect on LH and/or LH-beta
      secretion not mediated by estradiol.

PMID- 977729
TI  - Methylphenidate increases serum growth hormone concentrations.
AB  - Serum growth hormone (GH) and cortisol concentrations were measured in 12
      healthy, young men following oral administration of methylphenidate (20 mgm ) or
      a placebo. Methylphenidate elicited unequivocal GH elevations in 9 of 12 subjects
      while only 2 subjects showed GH elevation following placebo. Cortisol
      concentrations were not affected by methylphenidate.

PMID- 977730
TI  - Biological activity of des-Asp1-,Ileu8-angiotensin II (Ileu8-angiotensin III) in
      man.
AB  - Biological activity of ileu8-angiotensin III (AIIIA) was studied in man. In 5
      normal men intravenous infusion of 200 ng/kg/min of AIIIA for 30 minutes from
      0900 h had no effect on blood pressure (BP) but caused a decrease in plasma renin
      activity (PRA) and an increase in plasma aldosterone (PA). This dose did not
      inhibit pressor and steroidogenic actions of angiotensin II (AII) infused into
      the normal men at a rate of 20 ng/kg/min for 30 minutes. In 3 patients with
      Bartter's syndrome 260-1,200 ng/kg/ min of AIIIA infusion for 30 minutes from
      0900 h had no effect on BP but caused decreases in PRA and PA. These results
      indicate that in man AIIIA has no pressor action and no antagonistic effect on
      pressor action of AII but has PRA-lowering and aldosterone-stimulating effects.
      Antagonistic effect of AIIIA on steroidogenic action of AII was also shown in
      patients with Bartter's syndrome but not in AII-treated normal men. This may be
      due to the difference of administered dose of AIIIA.

PMID- 977731
TI  - Study on the relationship between plasma prolactin levels and androgen metabolism
      in man.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of hyperprolactinemia on
      the metabolism of androgens in man. A group of 6 normal men was treated for 4
      consecutive days, on separate periods, with Sulpiride which is known to raise
      plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration. The effect of the treatment on plasma
      steroids was verified in basal conditions and under stimulation by HCG. In the
      controls, a parallel rise in testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was
      observed in response to HCG stimulation. In experimental hyperprolactinemia, the
      rise in T in response to HCG, similar to that of the controls, was accompanied by
      a markedly diminished rise in DHT. Similar results were observed in a patient
      with hyperprolactinemia following apparent accidental section of the pituitary
      stalk. These data demonstrate the interference of increased levels of PRL in the
      metabolism of testosterone into the active DHT form by 5alpha-reductase. They
      suggest that this mechanism could possibly impair the gonadal function in man.

PMID- 977732
TI  - Quantitative and bacteriological studies of urine specimens from canine and
      feline urinary tract infections.
AB  - The most prevalent microorganisms isolated from urine specimens of dogs (385) and
      cats (132) with clinical signs of urinary tract infections were Escherichia coli,
      Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of quantitative urine
      culturing methods showed 48.6% of the canine and 12.1% of the feline specimens
      had more than 10(5) organisms per ml of urine. The bacteria isolated appear to
      have a greater resistance to antibacterial agents than previously reported.

PMID- 977733
TI  - Growth requirements of some small-colony-forming variants of Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - Nine stable, auxotrophic, small-colony-forming variants of Staphylococcus aureus
      were isolated. They were of two types. One type, from broth cultures containing
      varying concentrations of gentamicin or kanamycin, required heme for normal
      growth. The second type, from the blood culture of a patient who had been treated
      with penicillin and oxacillin, required long-chain unsaturated fatty acids for
      normal growth. These small-colony-forming variants differed from their parents
      with respect to specific metabolic activities, many of which may be attributed to
      an impaired electron transport system and related functions. A laboratory
      procedure for detecting possible small-colony variants in clinical specimens was
      proposed.

PMID- 977734
TI  - Evaluation of commercial Salmonella O polyvalent and Vi antisera.
AB  - Salmonella somatic polyvalent antisera for groups A through E or A through I with
      or without Vi and Salmonella Vi antisera were purchased from four commercial
      producers and evaluated. Center for Disease Control (CDC) methods and
      specifications were used. The four polyvalent and two of the four Vi antisera did
      not meet CDC performance specifications. Suggestions are made for improving the
      laboratory usefulness of the reagents and the product labeling.

PMID- 977735
TI  - A new approach to psychopathology.
AB  - A new approach to psychopathology based on the psychology of integration as
      applied to psychological states is outlined. Because all raw behavior occurs only
      in the form of psychological states, all formulations of psychopathology must
      refer to integrative disorders that are postulated to underlie all pathological
      or defective behaviors. Disintegration is the one common factor found in all
      mental disorders. Lack of integration underlies most inadaptability. The
      classical field of psychopathology, which formerly was limited to the
      consideration of formal psychiatric disorders, now is expanded to include
      deficits, imbalances and disintegrations of acute or chornic nature that result
      in erroneous or less than perfect judgments. Judgment is considered to reflect
      the quality of underlying integrative processes. Judgmental defects that lead to
      maladaptive decisions inevitably must result in maladjustment and/or less than
      perfect performance. It is necessary to differentiate between (a) integrative
      disorders per se, and (b) the personal-social effects of positive or negative
      integrations organized by healthy or unhealthy factors. Criminals may be well
      integrated in their asocial activities, but socially undesirable because
      organized about the criminal ethic. Postulates are presented that outline the
      theoretical assumptions upon which integrative psychopathology is based. This
      approach utilizes classic theories such as the Freudian psychopathology of
      everyday life when valid and relevant within the larger framework of integrative
      psychology. A differentiation is made between hierarchical levels of increasingly
      complex factors that may organize integration.

PMID- 977736
TI  - Recall of parental behaviors in female neurotic depressives.
AB  - Twenty-four neurotic depressive females and 24 female anxiety neurotics were
      compared on a 90-item questionnaire that concerned recall of parental behavior.
      Relative to anxiety neurotics, the neurotic depressives recalled fathers as
      unloving disciplinarians and recalled mothers as difficult to please, intrusive
      and controlling, and possibly more concerned with their own than with their
      children's needs. Previous findings that parents of depressives are recalled as
      depriving were supported, and a methodology for differentiating neurotic
      depressives from anxiety neurotics was described.

PMID- 977737
TI  - The relationship of self-disclosure to personality, adjustment and self
      actualization.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that a high level of self-disclosure is
      indicative of psychological adjustment and self-actualization. The self
      disclosure scale, Social Avoidance and Distress, Fear of Negative Evaluation,
      Alienation and Repression-Sensitization scales were administered to 60 Ss. The
      results for all scales indicated that a high level of disclosure was associated
      with adjustment as measured by these scales. A second group of 94 Ss completed
      the self-disclosure scale and the Personal Orientation Inventory, a measure of
      self-actualization. The results indicated that high disclosers compared to low
      disclosers had achieved a higher level of self-actualization. That is, there were
      significant correlations between self-disclosure and measures of self
      actualization such as Time Competence, Internal Support, Existentiality, Self
      Acceptance and Capacity for Intimate Contact.

PMID- 977738
TI  - The influence of interviewer self-disclosure and verbal reinforcement on
      personality tests.
AB  - The effects of prior interview experiences on subsequent test responding were
      examined by comparing the influence of three interviewer behaviors: interviewer
      self-disclosure, interviewer verbal reinforcement of self-referent statements,
      and direct instructions to be self-disclosive. Performance was contrasted with a
      control interview condition characterized by no interviewer self-disclosure or
      self-referent reinforcement and with a no-interview condition. Responses on
      measures of self-disclosure and anxiety indicated that female Ss tended to be
      more self-disclosive than males in general, but were relatively uninfluenced by
      experimental condition. For male Ss, verbal reinforcement increased self
      disclosure relative to the interviewer seld-disclosure condition. Interviewer
      self-disclosure was shown to result in more favorable perceptions of the self and
      the interviewer, particularly for males, and greater social evaluative anxiety
      for females. Both these factors are discussed as possibly counteracting the
      modelling effects of interviewer self-disclosure. An interpretation of the
      results in terms of interactions between S sex, interviewer sex, and experimental
      condition is proposed and implications for related research discussed.

PMID- 977739
TI  - Normalizing the MMPI.
AB  - Effective psychological services require recognition of a client's strengths as
      well as weaknesses. Personality tests such as the MMPI, however, focus attention
      upon the abnormal and deviant attributes of personality. Therefore, a
      psychologist should have an understanding of various adaptive behaviors that may
      be indicated by moderately elevated MMPI scale scores. Because most of the
      literature deals with the pathological ramifications of scale elevations, the
      authors developed a conceptual perspective of counterpart descriptors for each
      MMPI clinical scale. These descriptors are presented so that apparently
      contradictory sets of behaviors for elevated scores on any given scale can be
      viewed on a continuum from adaptive to maladaptive behavior. An armamentarium of
      MMPI personality traits should include positive as well as negative
      considerations to provide a fully comprehensive basis for the formulation of
      realistic assessments of human potentialities.

PMID- 977740
TI  - Relationships between Spielberger trait anxiety and Lykken social and physical
      trait anxiety.
AB  - To determine the relationship between Spielberger's measure of trait anxiety and
      social-interpersonal vs. physical danger trait anxiety, Ss were administered and
      trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Lykken's Activity
      Preference Questionnaire (APQ). Results of correlative analyses indicated that
      the STAI-Trait measure correlated significantly with APQ-Social Anxiety, but not
      with APQ-Physical Anxiety. Results were discussed in terms of the implications
      for predicting state anxiety in different situations by the use of unidimensional
      vs. multidimensional trait anxiety measures.

PMID- 977741
TI  - Personality patterns among correctional officer applicants.
AB  - The MMPI profiles of 359 correctional officer applicant were cluster analyzed,
      which resulted in the identification of five relatively homogeneous subgroups.
      While MMPI performance was not related to later events in the correctional
      careers of the Ss, certain similarities were noted between the officer group and
      two samples of inmates previously studied in a comparable fashion. In this
      respect, although the officers manifested generally lower profile elevations than
      inmates, configural similarities were noted between the average inmate and the
      officer profiles, and partial overlap was seen between the profile types
      identified in the two groups. The implications of the findings for occupationally
      adaptive and maladaptive correctional officer behavior were discussed.

PMID- 977742
TI  - Correspondence of the MMPI and Mini-Mult among female reformatory inmates.
AB  - Comparison of the MMPI and Mini-Mult scales yielded significant scale-by-scale
      correlations. However, the group means were different in 6 of the 11 possible
      scales, and there was a general tendency for the Mini-Mult to over-estimate MMPI
      scales. The Mini-Mult proved to be highly ineffective to detect MMPI invalid
      profiles. In addition, agreement on profile configurations or high points and
      degree of pathology as indicated by number of significant clinical scale
      elevations was very poor. The results of this investigation are similar to the
      findings of Rybolt and Lambert (1975), as well as those of Platt and Scura
      (1972), and lead one to recommend that the Mini-Mult not be employed as a
      clonical assessment instrument with incarcerated adult female populations. Its
      multiple deficits make clinical use hazardous.

PMID- 977743
TI  - Relationship of internal-external control and United States suicide rates, 1966
      1973.
AB  - The annual variations in scores obtained on the Rotter Internal-External (I-E)
      control scale by United States college students between the years 1966 and 1973
      were related to the concomitant annual variations in suicide rates for the total
      United States population and for eight separate age groups. The I-E scores
      increased substantially during this time period and were correlated positively
      with the concomitantly increasing suicide rates among relatively young persons
      (in and below the 35-44 year age group). However, the suicide rates among older
      persons generally decreased during this time period and thus were correlated
      negatively with the I-E scores. These results suggest that perception of internal
      external control did not change among older persons as they did among younger
      persons, perhaps because older persons might be less susceptible to the cultural
      influences that affect the perceived control of younger persons. Results of this
      and earlier research suggest that cultural characteristics that foster high
      perceptions of external control also foster suicidal behavior and suggest the
      value of attempts to convey perceptions of internal control to psychotherapy
      clients.

PMID- 977744
TI  - The effects of videotape models on the behavior of chronic schizophrenics.
AB  - The effects of "good" and "poor" peer models on the task performance of 45
      chronic schizophrenic males were investigated. The findings revealed that
      patients who viewed a good peer model did significantly better on a subsequent
      task than patients who viewed either a poor model or no model. The use of peer
      models in the treatment of chronic schizophrenics was suggested.

PMID- 977745
TI  - Using the MMPI 168 with medical inpatients.
AB  - The potential utility of the MMPI 168 with two inpatient medical populations was
      explored in the present study. Correlations and clinically relevant comparisons
      suggested that the MMPI 168 predicted the standard MMPI with a high degree of
      accuracy.

PMID- 977746
TI  - Personality characteristics of high and low aggressive adolescents in residential
      treatment.
AB  - Variables related to aggression were explored in a population of psychiatrically
      disturbed male adolescents in a residential treatment setting. The Marlowe-Crowne
      Social Desirability Scale, Daydreaming Questionaire, Byrne Repression
      Sensitization Scale, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory were administered to
      high and low aggressive patients. Multivariate analyses of the data indicated
      that high aggressors were significantly lower in their social desirability needs
      and significantly higher in their daydreaming, hostile, attitudes and
      sensitization than were low aggressive patients. These findings were discussed
      relative to a greater understanding of aggression in emotionally disturbed
      adolescents and implications for treatment.

PMID- 977747
TI  - The identification of brain damage by an abbreviated form of the Halstead-Reitan
      Neuropsychological Battery.
AB  - In recent years there has been an increased interest in the development of
      neuropsychological tests that can diagnose accurately brain damage. The most
      successful of these test are represented in the Halstead-Reitan
      Neuropsychological Battery, which has been shown to be 90% or more effective in
      the diagnosis of brain damage. However, this battery is not available to many
      psychologists or clients because of its length, cost, and the considerable
      background required to use it properly. The present study tested 121 Ss (30
      normal, 91 brain-damaged) to develop an abbreviated version of the battery that
      is relatively brief (1 hour) and inexpensive, but accurate. It was found by
      discriminant analysis that the abbreviated battery is capable of diagnosing brain
      damage equally as well as the full battery 93% of the time. The limitations and
      advantages of the abbreviated battery are discussed.

PMID- 977748
TI  - The effects of verbal and nonverbal contingent reinforcement upon the
      intelligence test performance of black adults.
AB  - This study examined the effects of contingent verbal and nonverbal reinforcement
      upon the intelligence test performance of bladk adults. Thirty-six Ss (half male
      and half female) were pretested on the Quick Test and then administered the
      complete WAIS under one of three treatment conditions: verbal reinforcement,
      nonverbal reinforcement or no reinforcement (control condition). Verbal
      reinforcement was administered as statements of "good" or "fine" by the E, while
      nonverbal reinforcement took the form of a nod of the head or a statement of
      "Mmhm." The primary analysis of the data indicated no significant differences
      between the treatment conditions.

PMID- 977749
TI  - Bender Gestalt recall: memory measure or intelligence estimate.
AB  - WAIS subtest standard scores, IQ scores, and factorial deviation quotients were
      correlated with Bender Gestalt recall scores for 111 vocational rehabilitation
      clients. The number of Bender designs recalled was associated significantly with
      intellectual measures, with the strength of association somewhat stronger with
      nonverbal than with verbal scores. Bender recall scores were correlated more
      highly with Perceptual Organization DQs than with Memory-Freedom from
      Distractibility DQs, but that difference only approached significance. Despite
      the relationships between Bender recall scores and intelligence scores, the
      Bender recall task could not classify Ss as to general intelligence level with
      greater accuracy than could be obtained with the WAIS Vocabulary subtest alone.

PMID- 977750
TI  - Curative factors in psychotherapeutic and growth groups.
AB  - A 60-item Q-sort that represented 12 "curative factors" regarded as crucial to
      the efficacy of psychotherapeutic groups by Yalom (1970) was administered to
      volunteer undergraduate participants after the end of 20-hour (2 hours weekly)
      personal growth groups. The Q-sort items were ranked very similarly for
      Helpfulness in the group experience by the growth groupers and by Yalom's
      successful group psychotherapy outpatients. Members of both kinds of groups
      linked Helpfulness strongly with Yalom's Interpersonal Input and Catharsis
      measures. The content of these variables' salient items closely resembled two
      broader dimensions of interpersonal behavior, Acceptance vs. Rejection of Others
      and Self-Acceptance vs. Rejection, which appear prepotent (Hurley, 1976) in a
      wide variety of group settings.

PMID- 977751
TI  - Comparison of verbal reinforcement with information feedback in analogue
      psychotherapy.
AB  - Thirty Ss were assigned randomly to one of the two experimental analogue
      psychotherapy groups and a control group. In the experimental psychotherapy
      groups two different psychotherapy techniques were used for eight sessions. The
      two psychotherapy techniques employed were one-word verbal reinforcement (VR) and
      lengthy verbal information feedback (IF). Three therapists each demonstrated
      significant differences (P less than .001) in their verbal interactions with the
      Ss when they used the two different psychotherapy techniques. The results
      indicated that both treatment techniques were significantly effective (p less
      than .05) in improving self-ratings of self-concept. However, the two
      psychotherapy techniques were differentially effective in improving social skills
      as measured by behavioral ratings.

PMID- 977752
TI  - Suicidal age and childhood onychophagia among psychotic veterans.
AB  - The relationship between childhood onychophagia (fingernail biting) and the
      suicidal and nonsuicidal mean age among 150 hospitalized psychotic veterans was
      investigated. The results show that the suicidal mean age is significantly
      younger than the nonsuicidal mean age and that the childhood onychophagia
      variable "focal suicide" significantly lowers the mean age of suicidal veterans,
      but does not significantly lower the mean age of nonsuicidal veterans.

PMID- 977753
TI  - The effect of relocation on the satisfaction of psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - Fifty-one psychiatric inpatients were tested on a 36-item satisfaction scale
      before and after a reorganization at Harlem Valley Psychiatric Center. Patients
      were divided into three groups (Low, Medium, and High Stress) on the basis of
      whether they experienced no change as a result of the reorganization,
      environmental change only (different building), or environmental and social
      change (different building, different staff, different fellow patients). Patients
      in the three groups were matched on the basis of chronological age, length of
      hospitalization, and sex. Results indicated that there were no reliable
      differences among the satisfaction scores of the groups as a result of the
      relocation. This finding supports the hypothesis that the involuntary relocation
      of chronic psychiatric patients to another institutional treatment environment
      results in few demonstrable effects.

PMID- 977754
TI  - The effect of structured and unstructured leader roles on internal and external
      group participants.
AB  - This study assessed the impact of structured and unstructured leader roles on
      measures of outcome for Ss who differed on the pretest dimension "locus of
      control." On the basis of their pretest locus of control scores, Ss were assigned
      to a structured or an unstructured marathon group. The treatment in the two 16
      hour -arathons consisted of a defined series of exercises; the only difference
      between the two groups was the degree of leader control over member
      participation. As predicted, internal Ss in the unstructured group rated the
      leader and the group more psoitively than did external Ss, while the reverse
      responsivity occured in the structured group. Significant Locus of Control X
      Treatment interactions indicated that internal and external Ss reflected
      differential shifts in general anxiety, general depression, and locus of control
      as a function of treatment. The relationship between changes in self
      actualization and locus of control and changes in conflict-handling styles and
      negative affects differed as a function of locus of control and treatment
      condition. The overall results coupled with prior findings tentatively support
      the appropriateness of an unstructured leader role for internal scores and a
      structured leader role for external scorers.

PMID- 977755
TI  - The impact of differential shifts in leader structure on the outcome of internal
      and external group participants.
AB  - This study investigated the interaction between locus of control and high and low
      degrees of structure of leader role as related to outcome. On the basis of their
      pretreatment locus of control score, college students were assigned randomly to
      one of five groups: a group that began unstructured and shifted to a structured
      format at the midpoint of the group, a group that began structured and shifted to
      an unstructured format at the midpoint, a group that was structured throughout,
      group that was unstructured throughout, and a no-treatment control group.
      Treatment in the 23-hour marathon groups consisted of the same sequence of
      planned group exercises; the leader varied his structure in accordance with the
      experimental design. The results indicated that an initial highly structured
      leader role followed by a relatively unstructured leader role presented at the
      midpoint of treatment fostered the greatest gains in self-actualization in both
      internal and external Ss.

PMID- 977756
TI  - Affection for patients as a factor in therapists' outcome judgements.
AB  - This study was concerned with psychotherapists' evaluations of the outcome of
      therapy. Staff and resident psychiatrists employed in 23-item questionnaire to
      rate the seccess of psychotherapy with 85 of their inpatients. These were
      patients for whom psychotherapy constituted a significant part of the treatment
      that they received in the hospital. The therapists' responses to the
      questionnaire items were intercorrelated. The results indicated that a major
      aspect of a psychotherapist's judgment of the success of treatment-as these
      judgments usually are employed in current psychotherapy research-is the
      therapist's affective reaction to the patient, Better-liked patients were viewed
      as having improved more. However, when the therapists' responses were subjected
      to factor analysis, independent Improvement and Affection factors emerged. It is
      suggested that when therapists' ratings of success are used in psychotherapy
      research they should be treated or refined statistically to minimize potential
      confounding with their affection for patients.

PMID- 977757
TI  - The validity of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale with incarcerated
      offenders.
AB  - Previous research has shown that the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale reliably
      predicts the adjustment capacity of various S types to a variety of situations.
      The present study investigated the efficacy of the RPRS to suggest the adjustment
      capacity of prisoners to various aspects of their institutional environment.
      Twenty-five male inmates of the Petersburg Federal Reformatory served as Ss.
      Group therapy, dormitory behavior, work progress adjustment ratings, and RPRS
      scores were obtained for each S. Intercorrelations among the adjustment measures
      and the RPRS total and component scores revealed no significant correlations
      between the adjustment measures and the RPRS total score. However, in employing a
      moximum R stepwise multiple correlation procedure with the RPRS compontnts,
      significant multiple Rs resulted for two of the three criterion measures. These
      results were discussed in terms of the earlier research with the RPRS, and
      suggestions for future research were made.

PMID- 977758
TI  - Sex guilt and preferences for illegal drugs among drug abusers.
AB  - This study investigated the relationship between sex guilt and drug preferences.
      Seventy polydrug users completed a drug preference inventory and the Mosher
      Forced-Choice Sex Guilt Subscale. Results indicated that individuals who prefer
      sedatives are higher in sex guilt than either individuals who prefer stimulants
      or individuals with no definite preference.

PMID- 977759
TI  - Evidence that suggests a negative association between cigarette smoking and
      learning performance.
AB  - The results of this study indicate that tobacco smoking may have a deleterious
      effect on the learning process. One hundred and fifteen male volunteers were
      assessed on four learning tasks. Those Ss who smoked in excess of 12 cigarettes
      per day did significantly less well, as a group, than nonsmokers and light
      smokers on three of the four learning tests.

PMID- 977760
TI  - Relationship between psychopathology, experienced control and perceived locus of
      control: in search of alcoholic subtypes.
AB  - Alcoholic Ss were categorized into four subtypes based upon differential levels
      of perceived locus of control and experienced control. The relationship between
      generalized psychopathology, as measured by the MMPI, and subtype classification
      was investigated. Alcoholics with an internal locus of control and high levels of
      experienced control exhibited the least psychopathology. The greatest degree of
      psychopathology was found among Ss with an external locus of control and minimal
      levels of experienced control. The implications of these results with respect to
      psychosocial functioning and drinking behavior among alcoholic subgroups were
      discussed.

PMID- 977761
TI  - Serial liver biopsies in blood donors with persistent HBs antigenaemia.
AB  - Initial liver biopsies from asymptomatic HBs antigen positive blood donors showed
      a range of histological abnormalities ranging from minor parenchymal lesions to
      cirrhosis. Twenty of these have now been followed up for periods of up to four
      years and during that time have had at least two liver biopsies. Throughout the
      period of study all the donors have remained carriers of HBs Ag, and there was no
      significant variation in the titers of antigen or the electron microscopic
      appearances of the serum in individual donors. The histological appearances of
      subsequent liver biopsies were not always the same as those seen initially, and
      while there appeared to be some improvement in three cases, there were nine in
      which the histological appearances were worse.

PMID- 977762
TI  - Immunoglobulins and complement in pleural effusions associated with bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - Levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, the total haemolytic complement (CH50), and the
      individual components C1q, C3, C4, C6, and C7 were measured in 29 pleural
      effusions. Of these, 18 were associated with carcinoma of the bronchus and 11
      were non-malignant effusions including empyemas. The level of IgG was
      significantly lower in the malignant group when compared with non-malignant
      effusions. The usefulness of measurements of IgG with respect to malignant
      effusions associated with carcinoma of the bronchus requires an expanded study to
      show whether it has any real diagnostic value. There were no significant
      differences in other immunoglobulins, the CH50, and individual complement
      components between the two groups. The identification of total haemolytic
      activity in the majority of effusions in both groups indicates that all nine
      components of the classical pathway of complement, including macromolecules such
      as C1, can be present in pleural fluids.

PMID- 977763
TI  - Hyperfibrinogenaemia and hyperviscosity in sickle-cell crisis.
AB  - Plasma fibrinogen concentration and whole-blood viscosity, the latter measured at
      two shear rates (23 and 230 sec-1), were estimated during eight episodes of
      sickle-cell crisis and compared with values in 26 sickle-cell anaemia patients
      who were not in crisis. Painful crisis was associated with a significant increase
      in both plasma fibrinogen and whole-blood viscosity. Increased fibrinogen
      erythrocyte interaction in vivo may be a significant contributory factor to
      raising blood viscosity and precipitating vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle-cell
      disease.

PMID- 977764
TI  - Erroneous values for the total white cell count and ESR in patients with
      cryoglobulinaemia.
AB  - Temperature dependent fluctuations in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were
      noted during the assessment of one patient with symptomatic cryoglobulinaemia.
      Two patients with this condition were found to have erroneously high leucocyte
      counts when estimated by the Model S Coulter Counter. The artefact was directly
      related to the degree of exposure to cold before the estimation was performed and
      appeared to be due to the formation of microaggregates of cryoglobulin and
      fibrinogen.

PMID- 977765
TI  - Changing blood picture in sickle-cell anaemia from shortly after birth to
      adolescence.
AB  - The blood picture of children with sickle-cell anaemia was found to change with
      age. The changes were most marked in the first year but the mean level of
      haemoglobin, haemoglobin F, and target cells fell until adolescence, and
      irreversibly sickled cells rose. Reticulocytes, Howell Jolly bodies, and
      normablasts altered little after one year. The fall in haemoglobin F suggested a
      delayed changeover from fetal to adult haemoglobin production. It was concluded
      that the blood changes in sickle-cell anaemia were progressive throughout
      childhood.

PMID- 977766
TI  - Radioimmunoassay kits for thyroid hormones.
AB  - Characteristics of the T4 and T3 radioimmunoassay kits that are commercially
      available in the UK are described. Useful comparative data and criticism are
      given about many of these kits. Some unacceptable variation in accuracy is
      demonstrated.

PMID- 977767
TI  - Stabilization of bromthymol blue colour in lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio
      determinations in amniotic fluid.
AB  - Amniotic fluid lecithin and sphingomyelin areas after extraction and
      chromatography are rendered permanently visible by the use of bromthymol blue dye
      buffered to a pH of 11-3.

PMID- 977768
TI  - A critique and case study of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - This paper presents a critique of the present concepts of the pathology of
      nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease and particularly of the criteria required
      for diagnosis for the condition and its separation from other types of Hodgkin's
      disease. In addition, the natural history and histopathology of the condition
      have been studied among 104 cases of Hodgkin's disease presenting at The London
      Hospital, and the significance of the appearance is discussed.

PMID- 977769
TI  - Cellular infiltrate of the jejunum after re-introduction of dietary gluten in
      children with treated coeliac disease.
AB  - Jejunal lamina propria plasma cells and eosinophils and intraepithelial
      lymphocytes were raised in coeliac children on gluten-containing diets, but only
      intraepithelial lymphocytes were increased in patients on gluten-free diets. In
      contrast, lamina propria lymphocytes were reduced in children with coeliad
      disease on gluten-containing diets but were normal in paitents on gluten-free
      diets. In children with coeliac disease who were studied serially, lamina propria
      plasma cells and eosinophils and intraepithelial lymphocytes increased, and
      lamina propria lymphocytes decreased, within three months of the reintroduction
      of gluten to the diet. These observations are essentially similar to those made
      in the adult form of the disease and suggest that more than one type of
      immunological reaction is involved in the pathogenesis of the jejunal lesion.

PMID- 977770
TI  - Serum lysozyme in inflammatory bowel and coeliac disease.
AB  - Serum lysozyme levels were determined by a turbidometric method using egg white
      lysozyme as standard in 100 patients with Crohn's disease, 86 with ulcerative
      colitis, 31 with coeliac disease, and in 38 normal control subjects. Though the
      levels in Crohn's disease were significantly higher than those in ulcerative
      colitis and in coeliac disease, there was marked overlap between the disorders
      and control subjects, and so they were of no value in differential diagnosis.
      There was some evidence that serum lysozyme levels reflected disease activity in
      Crohn's disease but not in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 977771
TI  - Morphological basis of radiological band shadows on chest radiographs.
AB  - Lungs of unselected cadavers were fixed at necropsy using a formalin vapour
      technique. "Band shadows" were identified in the excised lungs and these were
      correlated with in vivo radiographs and with the morphological changes in the
      lung. Persistent shadows were produced by pulmonary infarction, subsegmental
      atelectasis, and septal fibrosis singly and in combination. Potentially transient
      shadows were seen in association with atelectasis and pulmonary oedema.

PMID- 977772
TI  - An evaluation of automatic coding of surgical pathology reports.
AB  - The use of the Systematised Nomenclature of Pathology as the basis of an indexing
      system to histopathological data is outlined. Two computer programs which perform
      the task of producing codes from free English summaries are compared. It is
      concluded that a simple system has a great deal to offer the pathologist who is
      prepared to accept a set of constraints.

PMID- 977773
TI  - Sea-blue histiocytosis associated with hyperlipidaemia.
AB  - A patient with sea-blue histiocytosis in spleen and bone marrow with an
      accompanying hyperlipidaemia is described. The hyperlipidaemia was due to an
      increase in "free" cholesterol, lecithin, and triglycerides. Despite these
      findings lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase activity was normal. Although the
      precise biochemical defect was not identified, there was a failure of transport
      of cholesterol from chylomicrons in vitro. We propose that the sea-blue
      histiocyte is a marker, in some cases, of abnormal lipid metabolism.

PMID- 977774
TI  - Serum triiodothyronine determination in clinical use.
AB  - Two radioimmunassays for the determination of serum triiodothyronine (T3) were
      developed. The assay of T3 in unextracted serum had several advantages over the
      assay on extracted serum and was chosen for the routine determination of T3 in
      serum from 117 patients requiring assessment of their thyroid status. In 53
      subjects considered retrospectively not to have thyroid dysfunction nor to have
      been on steroid contraceptives or therapy, the pooled mean serum T3 concentration
      was 1-92 (actual range 0-88-2-62) nmol/l. A significant inverse relationship was
      observed between the serum T3 level and the age of the subject. Serum total T3
      levels discriminate clearly between hypo-,eu- and hyperthyroid patients and
      provide a rather more sensitive index of hyperthyroid function than total serum
      T4. In the face of normal serum T4 the T3 level was depressed in five patients
      with marked hypoproteinaemia and elevated in two patients taking heroin.

PMID- 977775
TI  - A histochemical method for the determination of titanium in tissues surrounding
      implants.

PMID- 977777
TI  - Letter: rapid estimation of paracetamol in plasma.

PMID- 977776
TI  - Letter: prognostic significance of serum levels of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation
      products and of myocardial enzymes in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 977778
TI  - Severe selective IgM deficiency.
AB  - Among the primary antibody deficiency syndromes, severe selective IgM deficiency
      (also previously known as type V dysgammaglobulinaemia) is rare, and the majority
      of previous reports have indicated a fatal outcome. Three adult patients who were
      found to have a persistently low serum IgM are described. This deficiency was not
      obviously related to their presenting illness; in two of the patients, who were
      investigated in detail, it appeared to be of no immediate consequence.

PMID- 977779
TI  - Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in
      bone and liver disease.
AB  - Acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis provides a reliable and reasonably rapid
      method of differentiating the raised serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) of bone
      origin from that of liver origin. The technique has been placed for the first
      time on a semiquantitative basis. Measurement of both band width and band
      position effectively distinguishes the bone from the liver isoenzyme, but band
      width provides superior discrimination. An origin band was seen in none of the
      normal subjects and in only 7% of patients with bone disease but was present in
      78% of patients with liver disease, a highly significant increase. Fifty percent
      of normal individuals had a small-intestinal band in serum taken two hours after
      a meal, as did 35% of patients with liver disease, but the incidence of
      intestinal bands in bone disease was only 11%, significantly less than in the
      other two groups. The genetic control of small-intestinal AP in serum has been
      confirmed, but it has been demonstrated that the decrease of intestinal AP in
      bone disorders is not genetically determined.

PMID- 977780
TI  - A case of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in Britain associated with herbal
      tea consumption.
AB  - Veno-occlusive disease of the liver with clinical and pathological features
      similar to those of the condition occurring in the Caribbean is described in a
      young woman resident in Britain. The diagnosis was made from liver biopsies and
      hepatic venography and was confirmed at necropsy. Small amounts of pyrroliziding
      alkaloids were recovered from a sample of mate (Paraguay) tea, owned by the
      patient, to which she was addicted. It seems probable that the consumption of
      large amounts of this tea over a period of years was the cause of the hepatic
      disease.

PMID- 977781
TI  - Papillary tumours of the minor salivary glands.
AB  - The clinical and histological features of oncocytic adenomatous hyperplasia,
      papillary adenoma, and papillary adenocarcinoma of the oral cavity are described,
      and the literature is reviewed. Histological features which may be of value in
      distinguishing between benign and malignant variants are described, and in view
      of the slow growth rate of most of these tumours, the importance of long-term
      follow-up is stressed.

PMID- 977782
TI  - Pseudotumour of the lung caused by infection with Bacillus sphaericus.
AB  - A patient is described who suffered from severe chronic asthma complicated by
      repeated chest infections. She developed a large gelatinous pseudotumour of the
      lung which was found to be caused by Bacillus sphaericus.

PMID- 977783
TI  - Flavobacterium meningosepticum in the hospital environment.
AB  - Ten strains of Flavobacterium meningosepticum were isolated from routine clinical
      material during a period of two years. Of a number of antibiotics tested,
      clindamycin was the only one to which they were fully sensitive. The organism was
      found in chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibitane) solutions in use on the wards for the
      storage of thermometers and for routine disinfection.

PMID- 977784
TI  - An assessment of inositol fermentation by Klebsiellae and its implication in
      screening media.
AB  - Four patterns of inositol fermentation by different isolates of Klebsiellae are
      described. Inositol fermentation by some isolates may be modified by medium
      incorporation of acetoin and diacetyl. An inositol--hydrogen sulphide--motility
      medium, modified by reducing the pH value, increasing the inositol concentration,
      and the incorporation of acetoin, is described and evaluated as a means of
      detecting acid production by isolates showing different inositol fermentation
      patterns.

PMID- 977785
TI  - Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin in gastric juice.
AB  - The gastric juice of a patient showing symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning
      was examined by a radioimmunoassay for the presence of enterotoxins. Assays gave
      markedly higher results at 35 degrees than at 5 degrees. The source for this
      discrepancy was attributed to interference due to trypsin activity on the basis
      of (1) the demonstration of hydrolysis of p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginine methyl
      ester by the specimen, (2) inhibition of this activity by trypsin inhibitor from
      lima bean, and (3) lowered values produced for enterotoxins in gastric juice when
      the inhibitor was included in the assay system.

PMID- 977786
TI  - Rate of clearance by the spleen of heat-damaged erythrocytes.
AB  - The rate of uptake in the spleen of heat-damaged red blood cells labelled with
      99mTc has been measured by radioisotope scanning in 38 patients. The values
      obtained for the half-clearance time into the spleen using this method have been
      compared with the values obtained simultaneously by blood sampling for the rate
      of loss of radioactivity from the circulation. It was found that the uptake into
      the spleen was approximately three times faster than the measured rate of loss of
      radioactivity from the blood. The reasons for this are discussed and it is
      suggested that the scanning technique is more reliable as a measure of this
      aspect of splenic function.

PMID- 977787
TI  - A simple method for measuring erythrocyte deformability.

PMID- 977788
TI  - A rapid microbiological procedure using Bacillus stearothermophilus for the assay
      of antibacterial drugs.

PMID- 977789
TI  - A comparison of the bioavailability of digoxin in capsule, tablet, and solution
      taken orally with intravenous digoxin.
AB  - Six healthy volunteers were given five single-dose treatments of 0.40 mg digoxin
      either intravenously, in liquid form, in conventional tablet form (dissolution
      rate 76 per cent in 1-hour), or in new capsule preparations containing 0.05,
      0.10, or 0.20 mg digoxin per capsule. Serum levels, area under the concentration
      time curve, and daily urinary digoxin excretion were measured for six days.
      Higher serum digoxin levels were seen after ingestion of the capsules than after
      the tablets, with peak levels for the former being 2.2-2.8 times higher than
      after tablet digoxin. Bioavailability was assessed further by comparing the area
      under a six-hour concentration-time curve, and again the capsules gave a
      consistently higher value than the tablets. In addition, the absorption of 0.40
      mg digoxin from any of the capsule preparations was much greater than 0.50 mg
      digoxin in commercially available tablets. The six-day cumulative urinary digoxin
      excretion was also greater for the capsules than for the 0.20-mg tablets. In
      comparison with intravenous digoxin, tablets provide 75 per cent maximum
      bioavailability, whereas the capsule preparations of digoxin improve the
      bioavailability of digoxin and the 0.20-mg digoxin capsule is absorbed better
      than 0.25-mg digoxin tablet.

PMID- 977790
TI  - Influence of renal dysfunction on warfarin plasma protein binding.
AB  - The in vitro plasma protein binding of warfarin was evaluated by ultrafiltration
      in plasma from seven normal subjects and seven patients with varying degrees of
      renal dysfunction. The unbound, or free, warfarin fraction was twice as high in
      the plasma samples withdrawn from patients with renal impairment than in the
      samples obtained from normal volunteers. Furthermore, there was a positive
      correlation between the extent of renal dysfunction and the magnitude of the free
      warfarin fraction when either creatinine clearance, plasma creatinine, or BUN was
      used to estimate renal function.

PMID- 977791
TI  - The effects of chlordesmethyldiazepam on behavioral performance and subjective
      judgment in normal subjects.
AB  - Eight normal subjects were tested on a battery of subjective and psychological
      tests 12 hours after a hypnotic dose of chlordesmethyldiazepam (1 or 2 mg),
      amylobarbitone sodium (100 mg), and a placebo. The tests included self-ratings of
      hypnotic effects and alertness; reactiontime, card-sorting, coding and
      cancellation tasks; arithmetic; and tapping. Before each task, test anxiety and
      performance expectation was self-rated; and after the task, judgment of
      performance was self-rated. Residual effects were definitely detectable after the
      2-mg dose of benzodiazepine with both behavioral impairment and subjective
      hangover. Both the 1-mg dose and the barbiturate were almost devoid of such
      effects. Very few drug effects on test anxiety and performance judgment were
      discerned. Plasma concentrations of amylobarbitone were related to decreases in
      test anxiety and of chlordesmethyldiazepam with ratings of sleepiness.

PMID- 977792
TI  - Bioavailability and bioequivalence.

PMID- 977793
TI  - Biologic availability and therapeutic equivalence.

PMID- 977794
TI  - Industry's role in bioavailability.

PMID- 977795
TI  - Interpretation of bioavailability data by practitioners.

PMID- 977796
TI  - Application of pharmacokinetic data to clinical trials during the IND/NDA
      process.

PMID- 977797
TI  - The utility of pharmacokinetics to the pharmaceutical industry.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic studies done early in the course of drug development can
      favorably influence the course of research by suggesting optimum dosage regimens,
      drug delivery methods, and fixed-ratio combinations and by alerting the clinical
      pharmacologist to potential problems. Pharmacokinetic data can be useful in the
      design of rational clinical drug research and thereby expedite clinical trials
      and save research costs. Thus, in addition to their value in the area of
      comparative bio-availability, pharmacokinetic studies carried out by the
      pharmaceutical industry are useful economically as well as scientifically.

PMID- 977798
TI  - Considerations in the use of drugs in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 977799
TI  - Psychopharmacology and the law: a forensic psychiatrist's viewpoint.

PMID- 977800
TI  - Disregard by practitioners of the high abuse potential of controlled dangerous
      substances.

PMID- 977801
TI  - Criminal culpability of physicians in the dispensing and distribution of
      controlled dangerous substances.

PMID- 977802
TI  - Legal aspects of experimentation with institutionalized mentally disabled
      subjects.

PMID- 977803
TI  - Clinical research--some legal problems of the pharmaceutical manufacturer.

PMID- 977804
TI  - The law and clinical pharmacy.

PMID- 977805
TI  - Comparison of hospital admissions for cerebrovascular disease in Michigan and
      North Carolina.
AB  - Hospital admission rates and death rates for cerebrovascular disease differ
      markedly between states. Hospital admission data were analyzed: (a) to ascertain
      why death rates from this disease group are lower in Michigan than in North
      Carolina and (b) to clarify whether hospital care in either state has
      inadequacies that can be corrected quickly. Among both whites and blacks of the
      same age, case-fatality ratios were higher in North Carolina than in Michigan.
      Subarachnoid and cerebral hemorrhages were diagnosed more often in the southern
      state. For both areas, the records showed a marked underreporting of hypertension
      and diabetes mellitus as secondary conditions in the hospital admissions;
      elevated blood pressures were about equally common in each state but were treated
      more vigorously in Michigan. Secondary diagnoses of respiratory disease and use
      of anti-infective agents were reported more frequently in North Carolina. In
      contrast, diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in Michigan admissions. Some
      reasons for these findings are advanced, particularly as they relate to
      diagnostic and treatment patterns. Finally, the need for more detailed research
      is emphasized to create guidelines for better hospital care of cerebrovascular
      disease.

PMID- 977806
TI  - Does level of professional training make a difference in crisis intervention
      counseling?
AB  - This study tests the concept that crisis intervention using a multilevel trained
      staff is more effective, because a staff with less education might better reach
      clients from diverse socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. The Client-Post
      Rating Scale (Revised) was administered to a sample of clients served by a
      multilevel crisis intervention team located in a large midwestern metropolitan
      area to determine the efficacy of worker intervention. It was found that level of
      training was unrelated to counselor effectiveness and that less well-educated
      staff more frequently worked with less economically advantaged populations.

PMID- 977807
TI  - The policy effectiveness of health services research: a reconsideration.
AB  - It has often been asserted that health services research (HSR) has been either
      epiphenomenal or entirely ineffectual in influencing the formation of policy. In
      this examination of the HSR-policy relationship that assertion is contested; the
      authors conclude that there has been a relationship between HSR and policy, at
      least public policy. A diagrammatic framework is presented to describe the HSR
      policy nexus in an attempt to facilitate an understanding of how future efforts
      in the conduct of HSR might be most effective.

PMID- 977808
TI  - The role of the health facilitator in community health education.
AB  - A community health education program has been established by the Department of
      Community Health Sciences of Duke University Medical Center in two target areas
      of Durham County, North Carolina. The program trains unpaid lay people, "health
      facilitators", to whom others already turn for help, to increase their competency
      for advising and referring community residents to appropriate community
      resources. Several methods for identifying potential health facilitators have
      been developed. Evaluation of the role of health facilitators hinges upon
      designing measures to demonstrate their existence in the community and the impact
      that they make. To be successful, the training of health facilitators should
      result in improving the quality of the advice they give their fellows. It is also
      important to assess the cultural acceptability of the facilitators' advice and to
      ensure that their helping role in the community is not disturbed by the possible
      professionalization of their role due to the training program.

PMID- 977809
TI  - Problems in the development of a rural primary care center.
AB  - For 18 months between July 1973 and December 1974, the development of a primary
      care center for a rural Appalacian county engaged the efforts of local community
      leaders and the Department of Community Medicine of the University of Kentucky
      College of Medicine. This case study discusses some of the major events and
      factors contributing to this unsuccessful endeavor. The local cultural and
      sociomedical circumstances, including economic and political forces, and the
      errors in institutional relations and communication are analyzed. Many of the
      community problems encountered, at both the local and regional levels, are common
      to various rural areas. Considerations discussed in some detail include medical
      care payment mechanisms, rural economics, and local sociocultural systems. These
      community health problems, and the broader health policy issues that they
      represent, must be addressed before any significant changes or advances can be
      made in health care in rural America.

PMID- 977810
TI  - The nation's war against drigs.

PMID- 977811
TI  - The localization of cholinesterase in the retina of the fetal and newborn guinea
      pig.
AB  - Retinae of guinea pigs from the fortieth day of gestation to one day postnatally
      were processed for the localization of cholinesterases in the electron microscope
      according to the method of Lewis and Shute ('66). Selective inhibition served to
      distinguish acetylcholinesterase from non-specific cholinesterase activity.
      Acetylcholinesterase activity was found initially in small amounts in some
      regions of the outer plexiform layer at the fortieth day of gestation. At later
      stages it increased in distribution being observed at some photoreceptor
      terminals and in non-synaptic regions of the layer. Activity was less intense
      initially in the inner plexiform layer but increased rapidly so that by birth it
      encompassed a majority of processes. Perikarya of horizontal and some amacrine
      and ganglion cells possessed acetylcholinesterase activity in their nuclear
      envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The possible role of the enzyme in
      inhibitory circuits of the fetal retina is discussed.

PMID- 977812
TI  - The development of the cerebellar cortex of the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus
      auratus. Foliation, cytoarchitectonic, Golgi, and electron microscopic studies.
AB  - Although a number of investigations of abnormalities of cerebellar development
      have been carried out in the hamster, no detailed Golgi or ultrastructural
      studies of cerebellar development in this species have been reported. This report
      describes the development of the hamster cerebellar cortex from birth (day 0)
      through postnatal day 78, as studied by light, Golgi, and electron microscopic
      methods. Foliation patterns correlate with the expansion of the cerebellar layers
      and of total cerebellar area. Cytologic and morphologic development of the major
      cerebellar cell types--Purkinje, Golgi, basket, stellate, granule, and Bergmann
      glial cells--correlate with those of other species, such as the rat and mouse.
      Electron microscopic observations at selected developmental ages allow
      identification and classification of synapses in the early postnatal hamster.
      Parallel fiber and climbing fiber synapses are already present at birth. Although
      synaptogenesis probably continues through the first two postnatal months, all
      major cell types have developed initial synapses by postnatal day 6, at a time
      when little cellular maturation has occurred. By using gestational rather than
      natal age, close developmental correlations between hamsters and rat and mouse
      are possible. Since the gestational period of the hamster is only 16 days, the
      hamster cerebellum is less mature at birth than that of either the rat or mouse.
      Thus, the hamster is a convenient animal in which to investigate the effects of
      various procedures on early cerebellar development.

PMID- 977813
TI  - The structural maturation of the stato-acoustic nerve in the cat.
AB  - The maturation of the stato-acoustic nerve in the cat was studied by light and
      electron microscopy from the fetal stage to the adult. Measurement of the outer
      diameter of the fibers and the study of the myelination process revealed that
      myelination begins earlier for the vestibular nerve than for the cochlear nerve:
      by the fifty-third day of gestation 64% of the vestibular fibres have already
      passed the promyelin stage whereas for the cochlear nerve this promyelin stage
      begins for the majority of fibers on the fifty-seventh gestation day. Afterward,
      maturation proceeds more rapidly for the cochlear nerve. In the case of both
      nerves, maturation is still incomplete at two months of age. Concerning the
      relationship between the thickness of the myelin sheath and the axoplasmic
      diameter, there is already a good correlation by the fifty-seventh day of
      gestation in the vestibular nerve, whereas it appears several days after birth in
      the cochlear nerve.

PMID- 977814
TI  - Evidence that at least some of the motor nerve cells that die during development
      have first made peripheral connections.
AB  - The paper sets out to determine whether the spinal motoneurons that die during
      the normal development of Xenopus tadpoles have been peripherally connected
      before death. The numbers of cells in the control ventral horns were compared
      with the numbers remaining after early (stage 50 or 52/53) amputation of the limb
      bud. Up to stage 52, there was no difference between the two sides, but
      thereafter the numbers on the amputated side fell away until at stage 57 none
      were left. Thus, as neurons mature, they become dependent for survival on
      contacting the limb. During this time, there was no difference between amputees
      and controls in the numbers of mitoses in that part of the ventricular layer that
      gives rise to ventral horn cells, indicating no change in proliferation. Thus,
      the numbers of ventral horn cells remaining after early amputation is a measure
      of the numbers of cells in the normal animal that are still independent of the
      limb (Phase I cells) and hence by subtraction, the other cells (post-Phase I
      cells) are those that only survive by virtue of having contacted the limn. A
      graph of numbers of post-Phase I cells shows a peak at stage 54 and thereafter
      declines as metamorphosis approaches. This is interpreted to indicate that a
      number of cells that survive at stage 54 by reason of peripheral contacts or
      connections in the limb subsequently themselves die, that is, that al least some
      of the cells that die during normal development have previously made contacts
      within the limb.

PMID- 977815
TI  - Areal changes in mouse cortical barrels following vibrissal damage at different
      postnatal ages.
AB  - The normal cytoarchitectonic pattern of barrels in layer IV of mouse SmI face
      cortex is altered by early damage to the mystacial vibrissae (Van der Loos and
      Woolsey, '73). In the present study, the middle row of vibrissae (row-C) on one
      side of the face in groups of Swiss mice was cauterized on the day of birth
      (postnatal day [PND] -1)or on PND's - 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20 and 30;
      littermates in each group served as controls. All animals were perfused on PND-60
      and the brains sectioned parallel to SmI layer IV. For each specimen, the
      posteromedial barrel subfields (PMBSF) of the two hemispheres were reconstructed
      with a camera lucida and the cross-sectional areas of individual barrels measured
      using a small computer. The findings are: (1) The hemispheres ipsilateral to the
      vibrissal damage are quantitatively indistinguishable from the littermate
      controls indicating that the ipsilateral hemispheres in lesioned animals can
      serve as controls for observations of the type reported in this paper. (2) There
      are no consistent differences in the cross-sectional areas of the PMBSF's as a
      whole in the hemispheres ipsi- and contralateral to the peripheral damage,
      suggesting that there is no net loss of cortex as a result of the lesions. (3)
      The contralateral row-C barrels are reduced in size. Expressed as a percentage of
      normal values; row-C is reduced to 17% for animals lesioned on PND-1, 16% on PND
      2, 38% on PND-3, 52% on PND-4 and 79% on PND-5; on PND-7 and later the cross
      sectional areas of row-C barrels are normal. This implies that the barrel field
      of the SmI face cortex becomes progressively refractory to the effects of
      peripheral damage during the first postnatal week and in the period prior to PND
      6, an intact periphery is necessary for normal cortical development. (4) In every
      case, the decreased cross-sectional area of row-C is accompanied by precisely
      increased cross-sectional areas of the barrels in adjacent rows-B and D. in the
      case of the restricted peripheral damage which we produced, there is a
      "compensation" in the contralateral hemisphere, which can be correlated with
      patterns of the specific thalamocortical projections.

PMID- 977816
TI  - Single unit studies on the dorsal and intermediate acoustic striae.
AB  - Studies were made of the fiber compositon and of single unit dischage
      characteristics in the dorsal and intermediate acoustic straie. Counts of fibers
      and cells revealed more than twice as many fibers as cochlear nucleus cells of
      the types known to contribute axons to these tracts. Recordings were made in the
      striae to confirm the classes of discharge patterns which are transmitted from
      the posterior cochlear nucleus to more central structures and to seek evidence
      for descending activity entering the cochlear nucleus through the striae.
      Discharge patterns of the majority of units resembled those seen in previous
      studies when recordings were made from regions of the cochlear nucleus which are
      known to contribute fibers to the striae. Some patterns, however, were unlike any
      which have been reported in the cochlear nucleus on the same side as the
      recording site, but resembled activity of other auditory structures, suggesting
      that these were descending inputs. To confirm the presence of descending
      activity, recordings were made in the dorsal acoustic stria at a point medial to
      where the stria had been completely severed. Recordings made under these
      conditions demonstrated the presence of descending activity. The physiological
      findings help explain the disparity between the counts of fibers and cells, and
      point out a need for more detailed descriptions of the origins of descending
      inputs through the striae.

PMID- 977817
TI  - Mechanisms of efferent neuronal control of the reflex nicitating membrane
      response in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
AB  - Efferent mechanisms controlling the nicitating membrane (NM) reflex response to
      air puff in the albino rabbit were analyzed using stimulation, lesions, and
      recording techniques. In brief, stimulation of the sixth nerve (abducens) yields
      short-latency NM extension. Stimulation of the fourth and seventh nerves and the
      superior cervical ganglion has essentially no effect on the NM. Stimulation of
      the third nerve causes short-latency retraction of the NM. Lesions and recording
      data are consistent with this result - the sole efferent neuronal control of NM
      extension is the sixth cranial nerve and of NM retraction is the third cranial
      nerve. The NM extension response appears to be mediated by mechanical actions via
      retraction of the eyeball by the retractor bulbi muscle, and NM retraction
      appears to result from direct activation of muscle fibers in the NM by the third
      nerve. The superior cervical ganglion appears to play no role in reflex NM
      retraction in the rabbit, in contrast to its action in the cat.

PMID- 977818
TI  - Tone-induced changes in excitability of abducens motoneurons and of the reflex
      path of nictitating membrane response in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
AB  - Excitability of the reflex nicitating membrane (NM) response to air puff and of
      the abducens motoneurons (final common path) to direct electrical stimulation
      (measured as amplitude of the evoked NM response) in rabbit was tested at various
      times after onset and offset of a 350-msec tone. Excitability to air puff showed
      a substantial increase during tone on a gradual decrease following tone off, in
      agreement with Ison and Leonard. Excitability of motoneurons showed a similar
      marked increase during tone on a transient decrease immediately following tone
      off, and then a gradual decrease. It is suggested that these excitability
      changes, which parallel closely the interstimulus-interval conditionability
      function reported by Gormezano for the same preparation, may provide an
      independent measure of the "molar stimulus trace". Excitability of abducens
      motoneurons tested in the intertrial intervals during subsequent tone-air puff
      conditioning showed no consistent changes. Surprisingly, animals given tone
      abducens nucleus shock testing developed conditioned responses. In subsequent
      conditioning, using standard tone-air puff training, they showed 85% savings in
      acquisition relative to nonstimulated controls.

PMID- 977819
TI  - Peripheral heat as a reward for heart rate response in the curarized rat.
AB  - It is generally assumed that the mechanical perception of shivering is necessary
      for the perception of cold discomfort. Shivering of rats in a cool environment
      was eliminated by curarization. The rats were kept alive by artificial
      respiration. Heart rate was proportional to rectal temperature in a group of
      controls. One group of rats was conditioned to increase heart rate to trigger an
      infrared lamp; another group was conditioned to decrease heart rate to obtain
      heat. When compared with the results of the control group without infrared heat
      reward, the results obtained from the two heart-rate-modifying groups show that
      shivering is not a necessary signal to determine thermoregulatory behavior in
      rats and, presumably, cold discomfort in man.

PMID- 977820
TI  - Bait shyness: avoidance of the taste without escape from the illness in rats.
AB  - Thirsty rats habituated to drinking .12 M sodium chloride accepted .12 M lithium
      chloride for 5 min on the first trial but stopped short of their sodium baseline.
      With repeated trials they reduced consumption of the toxin by either (a)
      detecting subtle oral (conditioned stimulus, CS) differences, thus avoiding
      toxicosis (unconditioned stimulus, US) or (b) detecting earlier signs of malaise
      (US), thus escaping further distress. When both solutions were masked with
      saccharin, the discrimination was more difficult but still possible. When both
      solutions were mixed in a solution masking all four taste qualities, the
      discrimination was severely disrupted. When oral sensors were bypassed with
      nasopharyngeal tubes, intragastric pumping rats were unable to use
      postingestional cues to escape, even though such cues were proximal to the
      ultimate malaise. Oral cues at the distal end of the consummatory chain were
      extremely effective.

PMID- 977821
TI  - Role of mate's previous experience in ring dove hormone-induced incubation.
AB  - Progesterone-induced incubation was examined in 40 pairs of adult ring doves,
      differing in their previous reproductive experience (courtship vs. nest building)
      and the previous reproductive experience of their mates (courtship vs. nest
      building) during testing. Only the previous experience of the experimental
      subject significantly affected the establishment of incubation during the 24-hr
      test period. More doves experienced with nest building established incubation
      than did courtship-experienced doves. The latency to enter the nest area and the
      latency to stand on the nest were affected by both the previous breeding
      experience of the subject and the previous breeding experience of its mate. Nest
      building-experienced mates decreased the latencies of courtship-experienced
      subjects, and courtship-experienced mates increased the latencies of nest
      building-experienced doves. Males were not more affected by their mates'
      experience than were females. Time spent on the nest was affected only by the
      subject's previous experience and sex. While the hypothesis that the behavior of
      the mate can affect a dove's progesterone-induced incubation was not confirmed,
      the mate's behavior can affect some of the components of nest responsiveness.

PMID- 977822
TI  - Hormonal control of female sexual attractiveness proceptivity, and receptivity in
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The sexual behavior of 18 female and 11 male rhesus monkeys was observed in pair
      tests, in two experiments. In one experiment the females controlled the
      occurrence of pair tests. The females were ovariectomized and treated with
      estradiol, two dosages of testosterone, estradiol plus testosterone, estradiol
      plus dexamethasone, or no hormone; and the effects of the treatment on female
      attractiveness, proceptivity, and receptivity were examined. Sexual
      attractiveness of females to males (the effectiveness of the female as a sexual
      stimulus) was affected by estrogen and androgen. Estrogen enhanced
      attractiveness, but the effect of androgen depended on the dose. Female sexual
      proceptivity (the extent to which the female seeks out the male and elicits
      sexual behavior) was heightened by estrogen and androgen. Female sexual
      receptivity (willingness to receive a male in copulation was somewhat stimulated
      by estradiol, but not by testosterone. Both estradiol and testosterone had a
      greater effect on attractiveness and proceptivity than on receptivity. The
      hypothesis that testosterone is the "libidinal hormone" in female primates was
      not supported.

PMID- 977823
TI  - Ventromedial hypothalamus and short-term feeding suppression by caerulein in male
      rats.
AB  - A series of six experiments examined the neural loci responsible for caerulein's
      suppression of eating. Caerulein is a decapeptide chemically and physiologically
      similar to cholecystokinin, a naturally occurring gut hormone in rats. Rats with
      lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) showed reduced sensitivity to
      caerulein (1 mug/kg); rats with lateral hypothalamic (LH) destruction showed
      heightened sensitivity. Microinjections of caerulein into the VMH, but not into
      the LH, limited feeding. Finally, tritiated caerulein was selectively bound to
      tissue in the VMH. The results are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that the
      VMH manages postprandial inhibition in the rat.

PMID- 977824
TI  - Molecular weights of three mouse milk caseins by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and kappa-like characteristics of a fourth
      casein.
AB  - Caseins of mouse milk are phosphoproteins which precipitate at pH 4.6, stain blue
      with "Stains-all," and stain red with "Stains-all" following alkaline phosphatase
      digestion. Four caseins were separated electrophoretically in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gels varying from 8.5 to 15% acrylamide. Molecular weights
      for three of these proteins were 43,200, 27,700, and 25,900. The molecular
      weights determined for bovine alphas1 and beta caseins by this method were
      similar to those previously obtained by other methods. A fourth mouse casein
      contained carbohydrate, phosphorus, and sialic acid. This protein was rennin
      sensitive and behaved anomalously on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels,
      as did bovine kappa-casein. Because of similarities with bovine kappa-casein, it
      was designated with "kappa-casein" of mouse milk.

PMID- 977825
TI  - Optimum amino acid complement for protein synthesis by rat mammary cells in
      tissue culture.
AB  - The amino acid requirement of rat mammary cells for milk protein synthesis was
      investigated in dispersed cell culture. A three-dimensional central composite
      design utilizing three variables (X1 = lysine; X2= methionine, valine, and
      arginine; X3 = isoleucine, tryptophan, threonine, phenylalanine, and histidine)
      at five concentrations each, was duplicated twice with mammary cells from
      lactating Sprague-Dawley rats. The optimum combination of amino acids for maximum
      milk protein synthesis from multiple regression models was X1 15.0-, X2 4.5-, and
      X3 1.5-fold their quantities in Eagle's minimal essential medium with leucine,
      tyrosine, cystine, and glutamine at the base 1-fold in the medium.

PMID- 977826
TI  - Effects of zinc, copper, and manganese supplementation of high-concentrate ration
      on gastrointestinal absorption of copper and manganese in Holstein calves.
AB  - Sixteen Holstein bull calves were fed a high-concentrate ratio supplemented with
      zinc, copper, and manganese, alone or in combination, for 10 wk. After 6 days of
      preliminary feeding of chromic oxide, fecal grab-samples were collected for 6
      days. Calves were slaughtered, and samples of the contents of the reticulo-rumen,
      omasum, abomasum, small intestine, cecum, and large intestine were analyzed for
      chromic oxide, copper, and manganese. Absorption along the gastrointestinal
      tract, measured by comparison of one segment with the previous segment, indicated
      net secretion of copper in the abomasum but net absorption from the rest of the
      tract. The exception was that net secretion into the reticulo-rumen was
      associated with low dietary copper. Net secretion of manganese was mainly in the
      small intestine and cecum in all treatments. A higher proportion of copper
      apparently was absorbed when this mineral was supplemented in the ration.
      However, absorption of manganese was decreased slightly when manganese was
      supplemented in the ration. Reabsorption of manganese in the large intestine was
      probably greater than that of copper.

PMID- 977827
TI  - Fatty acids of vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus licheniformis.
AB  - Lipids were extracted from vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus licheniformis.
      Vegetative cells were grown in nutrient broth and spores on nutrient agar. Total
      lipid approximated 2.89% of the dry weight of vegetative cells and 2.09% of the
      dry weight of spores. The fatty acids were prepared as methyl esters and analyzed
      by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. There were six fatty acids in
      concentrations greater than 5% of the total lipid in both spores and vegetative
      cells, but only palmitic acid was common to both. Fatty acids from vegetative
      cells in quantities of 5% or more of the total lipid material were lauric,
      myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, and linoleic acids. Fatty acids from spores in
      concentrations greater than 5% of the total lipid were isopentadecylic, palmitic,
      Carbon-17 iso, and three other long or branched chain fatty acids which were not
      identified. Spores contained more long and branched chain fatty acids with odd
      numbers of carbon atoms than did vegetative cells.

PMID- 977828
TI  - Hydroxyproline in serum as a homeostatic index for calcium in cattle.
AB  - Hydroxyproline, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values
      were determined in serum over 24 h in Holstein cows. The cows represented two age
      groups and three percents of diet calcium. Hydroxyproline followed a cyclic
      pattern dipping at 0800 and 1600 h after milking at 0500 and 1530 h. Phosphorus
      showed a 24 h rhythm peaking at 1600 h. No other time effects were demonstrated.
      Hydroxyproline and alkaline phosphatase were both lower in the older cows,
      indicating a decreased calcium mobilization from bone with age. There was a
      correlation coefficient of only .20 between serum calcium and hydroxyproline. The
      calcium concentration in serum was maintained within a narrow range presumably as
      a result of homeostatic mechanisms involving bone resorption, i.e. the release of
      calcium and hydroxyproline may indicate the degree of homeostasis required to
      maintain serum calcium.

PMID- 977829
TI  - The ac and dc components in lateral line microphonic potentials.

PMID- 977830
TI  - Light-scattering heterodyne interferometer for vibration measurements in auditory
      organs.

PMID- 977831
TI  - Growth of loudness at 1000 and 3000 Hz.

PMID- 977832
TI  - Identification of random auditory waveforms. III. Effect of interference.

PMID- 977834
TI  - An investigation of speaker height and weight identification.

PMID- 977833
TI  - Comfortable effort level: an experimental variable.

PMID- 977835
TI  - The contribution of fundamental frequency and voice onset time to the /zi/-/si/
      distinction.

PMID- 977836
TI  - Low-frequency coherence transverse to the direction of propagation.

PMID- 977837
TI  - Ultrasonic studies on the head oil of the North Atlantic pilot whale
      (Globicephala melaena melaena).

PMID- 977838
TI  - Method for estimating the audibility and effective loudness of sirens and speech
      in automobiles.

PMID- 977839
TI  - Analysis of compound action potential responses to tone bursts in the human and
      guinea pig cochlea.

PMID- 977840
TI  - Subjective equivalence of sinusoidal and random whole-body vibration.

PMID- 977841
TI  - Psychophysical tuning curves of chinchillas.

PMID- 977842
TI  - Auditory-nerve-fiber bandwidths and critical bandwidths in the cat.

PMID- 977843
TI  - Model for auditory localization.

PMID- 977844
TI  - Factors in the discrimination of tonal patterns. II. Selective attention and
      learning under various levels of stimulus uncertainty.

PMID- 977845
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked reponses in man. I. Effect of stimulus rise--fall time
      and duration.

PMID- 977846
TI  - Computer simulation of pathological vocal-cord vibration.

PMID- 977847
TI  - Instrument for microscopical observation of the biophysical effects of
      ultrasound.

PMID- 977848
TI  - The correlation between light scattering and mass concentration of tobacco smoke.

PMID- 977849
TI  - Air pollution control training in colleges and universities: a status report for
      the United States and Canada. S-11 Education and Training Committee survey report
      no. 3.

PMID- 977850
TI  - Model studies and the prediction of full scale levels of stack gas concentration.

PMID- 977851
TI  - The need for representative ambient air carbon monoxide sampling.

PMID- 977852
TI  - Mortality and air pollution: revisited.

PMID- 977853
TI  - A study of the statistical distribution of chemical pollutants in air.

PMID- 977854
TI  - The effect of sampling line on the measurement results of sulfur dioxide a case
      study.

PMID- 977855
TI  - The air pollution carrying capacities of selected Colorado mountain valley ski
      communities.

PMID- 977856
TI  - Fugitive emissions: measurement and control. Report on the first symposium.

PMID- 977857
TI  - A quantitative evaluation of the pollutant standards index.

PMID- 977858
TI  - Federal standards of performance for new stationary sources of air pollution. A
      summary of regulations.

PMID- 977859
TI  - Carbon monoxide: a danger to the driver?

PMID- 977860
TI  - Impact-people in their environment: a challenge to college health services.

PMID- 977861
TI  - Peripheral plasma determinations of prostaglandin E in asthmatics.
AB  - Prostaglandins, unsaturated fatty acid derivatives with diversified pharmacologic
      activity, have recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of reversible
      airway disease. This study attempted to elucidate baseline prostaglandin E (PGE)
      plasma levels in asthmatics and the change in these levels after stimulation by a
      beta-adrenergic agent. Fourteen stable, ambulant patients with reversible airway
      disease and 28 nonatopic control subjects were studied. All had baseline PGE
      levels performed. The asthmatics were asked to abstain from all medication for 10
      hr prior to evaluation. After baseline evaluation consisting of plasma PGE
      determination, pulmonary function test, blood pressure, and heart rate, 375 mug
      of aerosolized terbutaline sulfate was administered to 8 of the asthmatics plus 4
      of the nonatopic control subjects; the above measurements were repeated at 15,
      30, and 60 min after administration. There was a statistically significant
      difference in baseline plasma PGE levels between the asthmatics (PGE = 432 +/-
      81) and the nonatopic control subjects (PGE = 89 +/- 9) (p less than 0.002).
      Following terbutaline administration, there was no significant change observed in
      PGE levels in asthmatic or in control individuals (asthmatics: 0 min, 570, 15
      min, 513, 30 min, 514, 60 min, 608; normal subjects: 0 min, 138, 15 min, 137, 30
      min, 143, 60 min, 214). In summary, we observed a significant difference in
      baseline PGE levels between asthmatic and nonatopic control persons. No change,
      however, was noted in PGE levels after beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. This
      observation is consistent with the current hypothesis that beta-adrenergic agents
      act independently of prostaglandins to increase adenyl cyclase and modify
      bronchiole smooth muscle tone.

PMID- 977862
TI  - Allergens in bee venom. I. Separation and identification of the major allergens.
AB  - Honeybee venom was separated into seven fractions by gel filtration on Sephadex G
      75. Allergenic activities of these fractions were assessed by the paper disc
      radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with a panel of sera from 24 individuals who had
      systemic reactions to bee stings, 7 who had large local reactions, and 10 control
      subjects who had reactions of 5 cm or less following bee stings. Three fractions
      were identified by enzyme or direct hemolytic activity. Twenty-nine of 31 sera
      from patients having either systemic or large local reactions to bee stings were
      positive when radioallergosorbent tested with whole bee venom; 22 were positive
      to phospholipase A, and 28 were positive to both fractions 1 and 2. Thirteen sera
      combined most strongly with fraction 1, 12 sera most strongly with fraction 2,
      hyaluronidase, and three sera about equally with fractions 1, 2, and 3. Reactions
      with other fractions were much weaker. Fractions 1 and 2 were potent inhibitors
      of RAST with whole venom in the sera reacting most strongly with fractions 1 or
      2, respectively. Fraction 3, phospholipase A, and commercial bee venom
      phospholipase A were significantly less potent inhibitors with the sera tested.
      In the cases in which IgE antibody bindings to fractions 1, 2, and 3 were of
      similar magnitude, inhibitions of RAST using the various fractions both on the
      discs and as inhibitors demonstrated substantial cross-reactivity between the
      fractions. These results strongly indicate that by using RAST with human sera
      from bee sting-sensitive individuals, fraction 1, the high molecular materials,
      and fraction 2, hyaluronidase, are the major allergens in honeybee venom.
      Phospholipase A appears to be of secondary importance.

PMID- 977863
TI  - The effects of topical saline and isoproterenol on nasal airway resistance.
AB  - Following determination of baseline nasal airway resistance (NAR) in human
      subjects, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was aerosolized into each nostril and
      NAR measurements repeated 8 times in 15 minutes. The mean maximal NAR increase in
      102 subjects was 22.5% (SD +/- 24.5%) with no significant difference between
      atopic and nonatopic persons. Hay fever patients did not show significantly
      increased responsiveness to PBS while symptomatic. During 242 repeat challenges
      with PBS in 67 asymptomatic subjects, NAR increased over 50% in 24 tests.
      Following a series of 6 PBS challenges at 15-minute intervals, 10 of 71 subjects
      had more than a 100% increase in NAR over initial baseline values. Administration
      of PBS on cotton pledgets, pipetting PBS into the nose, or even just inserting a
      nasal speculum produced greater increases in NAR than the usual aerosol method.
      Intranasal atropine effectively blocked PBS-induced increases in NAR, suggesting
      parasympathetic stimulation as a mechanism. Isoproterenol increased NAR over 100%
      in 27 of 53 subjects, with no significant difference among rhinitic, asthmatic,
      and nonatopic individuals. This effect was inhibited by propranolol.
      Isoproterenol administration to 12 ragweed-sensitive subjects 15 minutes prior to
      ragweed challenge produced a variable inhibition in NAR responses or no
      protection at all. Thus the direct effects of isoproterenol on the nasal
      vasculature tend to outweigh those expected from inhibition of mediator release
      under the conditions of this study.

PMID- 977864
TI  - Evaluation of exercise-induced bronchospasm in the adult asthmatic.
AB  - It has been shown that most asthmatics respond to exercise with bronchospasm.
      This study was undertaken to develop a safe and reliable method for quantifying
      exercise-induced bronchospasm in the asthmatic adult. Five normal adult
      volunteers and 12 stable asthmatics were exercised to 80% of their predicted
      maximal heart rate according to a multistage branching treadmill protocol. Their
      responses in terms of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and maximum
      midexpriatory flow rate (MMEFR) at 5, 15, and 30 min after exercise were
      assessed, while standing, with a Jones Pulmonar II waterless spirometer. This
      submaximal stress test was chosen because 80% of predicted maximal heart rate
      could be obtained by all individuals and allowed the asthmatics to exercise long
      enough for inducible bronchospasm to occur. Audible wheezing was induced in 100%
      of the asthmatics and in none of the nonasthmatics. In the normal individuals,
      FEV1 and MMEFR increased signficantly during the postexercise period. When
      compared to normal subjects, the 12 asthmatic patients demonstrated a significant
      reduction in FEV1 an MMEFR (deltaFEV1 : 5 min, -300; 15 min, -304; o9 min, -208
      ml; -18%, -17%, and -15%; deltaMMEFR: 5 min, -15; 15 min, -9; 30 min, -1L/M; 
      23%, -18%, and -6%) (p less than 0.01). The use of a rigidly controlled exercise
      stress with a cardiovascular endpoint in the measurement of FEV1 and MMEFR in the
      postexercise period appears to be a useful tool in assessing the presence and
      severity of exercise-induced bronchospasm in the adult asthmatic.

PMID- 977865
TI  - Measurement of plasma prostaglandins during exercise-induced bronchospasm.
AB  - Bronchospasm following exercise is a phenomenon which occurs in most patients
      with reversible airway disease. The pathophysiologic mechanism leading to this
      bronchoconstriction with exercise has not yet been defined. Recently,
      prostaglandins have been implicated in the etiology of asthma. The purpose of
      this investigation was to determine changes in plasma prostaglandins occurring
      during exercise-induced asthma. Eight ambulant asthmatics were chosen for
      baseline pulmonary spirometry and peripheral venous blood prostaglandin E and F
      levels. The asthmatics were then exercised to 80% of their age-predicted maximal
      heart rate via a multistage branching treadmill protocol. At 5, 15, and 30 min
      following exercise, pulmonary spirometry was again performed and peripheral
      venous blood collected at the indicated times. Clinical bronchospasm as
      characterized by audible wheezing and greater than 15% decrease in FEV1 and MMEFR
      was obtained in all of the asthmatics. Peripheral PGE and PGF2alpha
      determinations following this exercise protocol were not altered significantly:
      (PGE: 0 min, 238; 5 min, 185; 15 min, 248; 30 min, 256 pg/ml); (PGF2alpha: 0 min,
      50; 5 min, 24; 15 min, 25; 30 min, 17 pg/ml) (p less than 0.1). In summary, no
      significant change in peripheral blood prostaglandin E and F2alpha levels as
      determined by radioimmunoassay was noted at the time of exercise-induced
      bronchospasm.

PMID- 977866
TI  - Timothy antigen D immunotherapy.

PMID- 977867
TI  - Lanthanide porphyrin complexes. Evaluation of nuclear magnetic resonance dipolar
      probe and shift reagent capabilities.

PMID- 977868
TI  - Kinetics of copper(II)--glycylglycyl-L-histidine reactions. Acid decomposition
      and proton-assisted nucleophilic displacement by triethylenetetramine.

PMID- 977869
TI  - Dynamics and thermodynamics of axial ligation in metalloporphyrins. 5. Affinity
      of ferric porphyrins for nitrogenous bases and the stoichiometry and spin states
      of the product complexes.

PMID- 977870
TI  - Nucleic acid related compounds. 21. Direct fluorination of uracil and cytosine
      bases and nucleosides using trifluoromethyl hypofluorite. Mechanism,
      stereochemistry, and synthetic applications.

PMID- 977871
TI  - Crystal and molecular structure of 3,N4-ethenocytidine hydrochloride. A study of
      the dimensions and molecular interactions of the fluorescent epsilon-cytidine
      system.

PMID- 977872
TI  - Species responsible for the fluorescence of 3,N4-ethenocytidine.

PMID- 977873
TI  - Photochemical reactions in organized monolayer assemblies. 5. Photochemical and
      thermal reactions of reactive intermediates formed by ligand photoejection in
      Ruthenium porphyrins.

PMID- 977874
TI  - Cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds. Copper(II)-induced oxygenolysis of o-quinones,
      catechols, and phenols.

PMID- 977875
TI  - Asymmetric syntheses using tert-leucine. 1. An asymmetric synthesis of beta
      substituted aldehydes via 1,4-addition of Grignard reagents to chiral alpha, beta
      unsaturated aldimines.

PMID- 977876
TI  - Glyoxalase I enzyme studies. 2. Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for an
      enediol-proton transfer mechanism.

PMID- 977877
TI  - Monitoring the nutritional care of burned patients.

PMID- 977878
TI  - Dietary interviewing by computer. An experimental approach to counseling.
AB  - A computer-based dietary counseling system was tested by sixty-four volunteers
      from the Boston area. Most of the patients seemed to benefit from their
      interaction with the computer, and the two participating nutritionists frequently
      found that the program was useful as an antecedent to their own one-to-one
      sessions with the patients.

PMID- 977879
TI  - Comprehensive evaluation of fatty acids in foods. IX. Fowl.
AB  - An extensive survey of the post-1960 literature on the lipids of fowl has been
      completed. This review shows that the total lipid content of chicken tissues
      increases with age. The fatty acid composition of both chicken and turkey tissues
      reflects the fatty acid composition of the dietary fat. The fatty acid
      composition data for dark meat, light meat, or skin of all classes of chicken -
      broiler-fryer, roaster, and stewing hen--raised on diets equivalent to commercial
      feed were combined into single tissue-type fatty acid profiles. Similar profiles
      were also established for roaster-fryer turkey, young tom turkey, and young hen
      turkey. Breed, sex, and environmental temperature showed only minor effects on
      the tissue fatty acid compositions. Young chicken flesh contains less fat than
      that of stewing hens, turkeys, and other fowl, which all have approximately equal
      total fat content. White meat of chicken and turkey contains the least amount of
      fat, and the skin of all birds contained the largest amount, duck and goose skin
      containing the greatest of all. Tables of the total fat and fatty acid
      composition of tissue and tissue composites of fowl are given. Studies on chicken
      and turkey tissues were sufficiently numerous that the computed fatty acid
      compositions in the tables are considered reliable representation of market
      birds. Data for goose, duck, partridge, pheasant, pigeon, and quail were computed
      from sparse information and should be viewedas provisional guides.

PMID- 977880
TI  - The "professional self" and its relation to change processes.

PMID- 977881
TI  - Customary foods in the Navajo diet.

PMID- 977882
TI  - Drug product quality--views of the producers. Designing quality into a drug
      product.

PMID- 977883
TI  - Manufacturing quality into a drug product.

PMID- 977884
TI  - Drug product quality as viewed by quality assurance personnel.

PMID- 977885
TI  - Drug product quality--views of the regulators. USP/NF: public standards for drug
      product quality.

PMID- 977886
TI  - Drug product quality as viewed by FDA.

PMID- 977887
TI  - Drug product quality--views of the practitioners. A physician's perception of
      quality.

PMID- 977888
TI  - A pharmacist's perception of quality.

PMID- 977889
TI  - Assessing product information available to the pharmacist.

PMID- 977890
TI  - Sulfisoxazole.

PMID- 977891
TI  - Morton's toe or Morton's neuralgia: its recognition and treatment.

PMID- 977892
TI  - Congenital calcaneovalgus.

PMID- 977893
TI  - Correction of equinus-related forefoot deformities: a case report.

PMID- 977894
TI  - Tarsometatarsal fracture dislocations: a case report.

PMID- 977895
TI  - Silicone orthodigita and shielding. Part III.

PMID- 977896
TI  - The American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine.

PMID- 977897
TI  - Diabetic foot care education in a podiatry clinic: a pilot study.

PMID- 977898
TI  - Normal biomechanics of the adult rearfoot: a radiographic analysis.

PMID- 977899
TI  - The diabetic foot.

PMID- 977900
TI  - The use of prophylactic antibiotics in foot surgery.

PMID- 977901
TI  - Patients on long-term steroid therapy.

PMID- 977902
TI  - Chronic pulmonary problems.

PMID- 977903
TI  - A review of the medical management of the hypertensive patient.

PMID- 977904
TI  - Frontal plane deformity of the subtalar joint in flexible flat foot: a
      preliminary study.

PMID- 977905
TI  - Silicone orthodigita and shielding. Part IV: interdigital wedges.

PMID- 977906
TI  - The prevention and treatment of running injuries.

PMID- 977907
TI  - Bone and joint changes in the diabetic foot.

PMID- 977908
TI  - The pathomechanics of adult rheumatoid arthritis affecting the foot.

PMID- 977909
TI  - The incidence of isolation of Candida species from the human foot.

PMID- 977910
TI  - The radiographic appearance of osteoporosis secondary to immobilization.

PMID- 977911
TI  - Drugs prescribed by podiatrists: a random study, California Podiatry Hospital,
      San Francisco.

PMID- 977912
TI  - Cylinder casting: a serial casting technique for rotational and tri-plane
      deformities.

PMID- 977913
TI  - Comments on the histologic differentiation of genetic and mechanically induced
      keratoses of the soles.

PMID- 977914
TI  - Buttress appliance.

PMID- 977915
TI  - Try an "emotional air conditioner" in your office.

PMID- 977916
TI  - More about malpractice.

PMID- 977917
TI  - Fate of DDT and parathion in grapes processed into arak, an alcoholic beverage.
AB  - Arak, the national alcoholic drink in Lebanon, was prepared from grapes to which
      either DDT or parathion had been added. Samples of the nine fractions produced
      from the fermentation and distillation steps were analyzed for DDT and parathion
      and their respective metabolites. DDT degraded to DDD during the fermentation
      step resulting in a sharp decrease in DDT level. The two distillation steps
      contributed to a further decrease in the DDT level so that the final product
      contained less than 2% of the amount found in the fresh grape juice. Although the
      concentration of DDD increased sharply during fermentation, it also decreased to
      a negligible level during the subsequent distillation procedure. Parathion was
      more stable than DDT during the fermentation and first distillation steps.
      However, the second distillation process caused a sharp decline in its level and
      the Arak contained only about 6% of the residues present in the fresh juice,
      paranithophenol being the only metabolite detected.

PMID- 977918
TI  - Contributions to ecological chemistry CXII1. Balance of conversion of buturon-14C
      in wheat under outdoor conditions.
AB  - The urea herbicide buturon (N-[p-chlorophenyl]-N'-methyl-N'-isobutinyl-urea), 14C
      labeled, was sprayed on winter wheat as an aqueous formulation (2.98 kg/ha) under
      outdoor conditions. Upon harvest (three months after application), a total of
      49.2% of the applied radiocarbon was recovered: 2.0% in the plants, 46.9% in the
      soil, and 0.3% in the leaching water (depth greater than 50 cm); less than 0.1%
      was in the grains (0.464 ppm). Only about half of the radioactivity present in
      plants could be recovered under mild extraction conditions; about half of this
      was unchanged buturon. In straw and husk extracts, the following metabolites were
      identified by gaschromatography/mass spectrometry:N-(p-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-O
      methyl-carbamate (metabolite I), N-phenyl-N'-formyl-urea (metabolite II), two
      unstable metabolites giving (p-chlorophenyl)-isocyanate upon purification
      (metabolites III and IV), N-(p-chlorophenyl)-N'-methyl-N'-isobutenylol-urea
      (metabolite V), p-chloroformanilide (metabolite VI) and biologically bound p
      chloroaniline (metabolite VII). In the root and basal stem extract, the following
      metabolites were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: N-(p
      chlorophenyl)-O-methyl-carbamate (metabolite VIII) and N-(p-chlorophenyl)-N'
      methyl-urea (metabolite IX).

PMID- 977919
TI  - Movement and metabolism of S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothiolate (Kitazin P)
      and O-ethyl S,S-diphenyl phosphorodithiolate (edifenphos) in various types of
      soils.
AB  - Movement and Metabolism of 32P and 35S-double labeled Kitazin P (S-benzyl O,O
      diisopropyl phosphorothiolate) and 35S-labeled edifenphos (O-ethyl S,S-diphenyl
      phosphorodithiolate) were examined with three types of soils, sandy loam,
      alluvial clay loam, and volcanic ash loam. Vertical movement of both the
      compounds in soil column was different with soil types, and the order of mobility
      in soil column was as follows: sandy loam greater than alluvial clay loam greater
      than volcanic ash loam. Persistence of edifenphos in soil was shorter than that
      of Kitazin P. Main degradation products at the initial stage of metabolism were
      S,S,S-triphenyl phosphorotrithiolate, O,O-diethyl S-phenyl phosphorothiolate, S
      phenyl dihydrogen phosphorothiolate and diphenyl disulfide in edifenphos and O,O
      diisopropyl hydorgen phosphorothioate in Kitazin P. Sulfur atom of Kitazin P was
      found in sulfuric acid at a minor level through dibenzyl disulfide and toluene
      alpha-sulfonic acid, and that of edifenphos was converted to sulfuric acid
      through diphenyl disulfide and benzenesulfonic acid. Kitazin P under flooded
      condition of alluvial clay loam was slightly more persistent as compared with
      upland condition. Sterilized condition of Kitazin P did not cause any appreciable
      degradation throughout the experimental period, but such condition did not
      necessarily prevent the degradation of edifenphos.

PMID- 977920
TI  - Variations in fluorescence characteristics of intact human crystalline lens
      segments as a function of age.
AB  - Fluorescence spectra of human lenses were examined as a function of age. The
      relative intensity in the blue-green area was red shifted with age. Absorption
      and scatter produce a substantial contribution to this shift. Some change,
      however, was the result of a true fluorescence intensity shift. In the lower blue
      region a true independent red shift was found in the nucleus, but not in the
      cortex. In the upper blue region, true red shift in the nucleus was not
      significant with fluorescence excited at 400 nm but was significant with
      fluorescence excited at 375 nm; the shift was well defined in the cortex. This
      pattern is consistent with age-related accumulation of multiple fluorogens or
      fluorogen precursors in the lens with relative concentration differences in
      nucleus and cortex.

PMID- 977921
TI  - Gerontological data of C57BL/6J mice. II. Changes in blood cell counts in the
      course of natural aging.
AB  - A group of 1,052 C578L/6J mice -- 296 males and 756 females - was kept under well
      defined, clean, conventional conditions from the age of 6 weeks until natural
      death. At regular time intervals several hematological values were examined from
      50 to 60 randomly selected animals of each sex and statistically evaluated. The
      hematological investigations did not reveal any important sex-related
      differences. A significant gradual decrease of the RBC counts and hemoglobin
      content was observed during the life-span. Lymphocyte and total WBC counts were
      subject to considerable variation. They decreased in the first two-thirds of life
      and increased in the last third. Neutrophils remained rather stable and exhibited
      an increasing trend in the higher age. The relative level of lymphocytes
      decreased signficantly in favour of neutrophils during natural aging.

PMID- 977922
TI  - A clinical comparison of tests of organicity in elderly patients.
AB  - The quantification and standardization of observations of clinically significant
      organicity in the elderly is possible through the administration of specific
      cognitive tests. In this study, four organicity tests were evaluated on a
      geriatric medical/surgical patient group, with the SPMSQ yielding the best
      correlation with a clinical diagnosis of organicity. The SPMSQ is also
      recommended for its ease of administration, brevity, quantitative output, and
      straight-forward interpretation. The FHT produces an increment of improvement in
      the identification of organic groups, thus serving as a useful second test. The
      MSQ, while longer and slightly more complex, is roughly equivalent to the SPMSQ.
      The MFD test, the most lengthy and complex of the four instruments used, did not
      add sufficient additional information for this sample to warrant its inclusion in
      a testing regimen. Accurate diagnosis is critical for the geriatric patient if
      excessive morbidity and mortality are to be avoided, and unnecessarily long
      hospital stays are to be reduced. The availability of a short, easily
      administered test like the SPMSQ can effectively improve the assessment of the
      elderly patient at little additional cost to the clinician.

PMID- 977923
TI  - The effects of age and genotype upon the jaw-jerk reflex in inbred mice.
AB  - The threshold of the jaw-jerk reflex to electrical stimulation of the hard palate
      was measured in a cross-sectional design using C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice at 2, 8,
      20, 25, and 30 mo of age, in order to assess CNS sensitivity as a function of
      increasing age. The thresholds of DBA/2J mice were higher than those of C57BL/6J
      mice at all ages tested. No age-related changes in threshold were observed in
      mice of either strain.

PMID- 977924
TI  - Relations of age and personality dimensions to cognitive ability factors.
AB  - The relation between three cognitive ability factors - Information Processing
      Ability (IPA), Manual Dexterity (MD), and Pattern Analysis Capability (PAC) - and
      three personality dimensions - Anxiety, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience 
      were examined in three age groups. Subjects were 969 male volunteers ranging in
      age from 25 to 82. Subjects high in anixety scored lower on all three cognitive
      factors; subjects open to experience scored higher on IPA and PAC; and
      introverted subjects scored higher on PAC. Most of these effects remained when
      the education and socio-economic status were held constant in covariance
      analyses. Older subjects performed less well than younger ones on MD and PAC, but
      not on IPA. While personality has some influence on cognitive performance, the
      declines with age in performance on some cognitive tasks are not mediated by
      personality.

PMID- 977925
TI  - Solution shift performance in the elderly.
AB  - Seventy-two elderly adults were presented a concept problem which varied as a
      function of type of solution shift (reversal or nonreversal) and stimulus
      materials (compact designs, distributed designs, or distributed foods). Both
      trials to criterion and postshift error patterns were analyzed. Results indicated
      that stimulus materials affected postshift performance and that the elderly do
      respond in a dimensional fashion under some circumstances. Examination of
      individual protocols revealed that a rigidity notion would not account for the
      difficulty the elderly experienced when solution was shifted. Several alternative
      explanations were offered for the failure of many volunteers to solve the
      postshift problem.

PMID- 977926
TI  - Categorization behavior in aging subjects.
AB  - Age changes in categorization and conceptual styles were studied using an object
      sorting task in 276 subjects representing 7 age groups: 5, 6, 7, 19-21, 60-69. 70
      79, and 80-89. Significant age effects (p less than 01) were found in the
      analysis of variance for four of six measures; there were no significant sex or
      interaction effects. Strong quadratic trends were found for number of ungrouped
      objects, % relational-thematic responses, and % categorical-inferential
      responses; oldest groups' responses were similar to children's. A linear trend
      was found for number of groups. There was no significant age effect for category
      breadth. Use of descriptive-analytic categories by the elderly was negligible
      compared to younger subjects.

PMID- 977927
TI  - Attitudes toward aging as a function of in-service training and practitioner age.
AB  - Age differences in attitudes toward aging were investigated as a function of a 3
      hour training program with 322 women (18-74 years) from various geriatric health
      care and social service contexts. Using a quasi-experimental pre- and posttest
      design, sites were randomly divided into initial experimental and control groups,
      with all control participants receiving training following the research program.
      Results indicated few instances of unfavorable attitudes toward aging in any age
      group, with younger women evidencing less cynicism toward aging, less social
      distance from the aged, and slightly less stereotyping. Training appeared to
      result in less cynicism, stronger endorsements of family and public
      responsibility, and slightly greater anxiety. No Age X Pretest/Posttest
      interactions were found. The results are discussed in terms of their implications
      for service provider-client interaction, the correspondence of attitudinal and
      behavioral change, and appropriate instruments for assessing program impact.

PMID- 977928
TI  - A re-examination of widowhood and morale.
AB  - Previous research has suggested widowed status to be associated with lower morale
      or life satisfaction. The effects of marital status on morale relative to five
      covariates (health, income, age, family interaction, and employment status) were
      examined with 232 widowed and 363 married women aged 45-74, drawn in a multistage
      stratified area probability sample of Los Angeles County. Analysis of covariance
      was utilized with a six-item, factor analyzed measure of morale. Parallel
      analyses were performed for each of three ethnic groups (blacks, Mexican
      American, and white) to examine specific ethnic patterns. In the total sample,
      poor health was associated with significantly lower morale among widowed than
      among married women. The analysis with age showed the widowed group catching up
      and surpassing their married peers on morale at higher ages. Controlling for
      income and employment status eliminated differences between the marital status
      groups on morale scores. Higher family interaction was positively associated with
      morale in both groups, but married women were consistently higher on morale
      regardless of level of interaction. Most ethnic differences were not significant,
      but family interaction appeared to be crucial among Mexican-American widows. The
      findings suggest that lower morale scores found among the widowed may be partly
      attributable to other factors commonly associated with this status and not due to
      the role of widowhood per se.

PMID- 977929
TI  - Report from the National Institute on Aging: the research grant support
      mechanism.
AB  - Most NIH support of research on aging has been in the area of the biomedical
      sciences, followed by behavioral and social sciences. Research project and
      program project grants are the primary mechanisms available to the NIA for
      support of research on aging. The grant process for aging research begins with
      preparation and review at the applicant institution. The process of review at NIH
      proceeds from referral to an intitial review group for peer review and NIA for
      possible funding, NIA staff review, the National Adivisory Council on Aging
      review, and concludes with NIA funding action. The primary mode of applicant
      appeal of a negative decision by NIA on an application is reapplication.

PMID- 977930
TI  - [Possible immunologic factors in natural selection of the sexes].
AB  - The foetal graft is protected from immunological rejection by the trophoblastic
      barrier, antigenically neutral. A deficiency of this protective barrier puts the
      highly antigenic egg contents in direct contact with the maternal organism. The
      formation of maternal antibodies, and the rejection reaction of the egg graft due
      to it, probabally explains certain miscarriages. We think that the male fetus
      must, in these cases, be more antigenic with regard to the graft carrying
      maternal organism, than the female fetus. A study of 222 pregnancies, with
      repeated spontaneous miscarriages confirms the clear preponderance of girls,
      among the non-premature and well-formed children born, and the efficiency of
      H.C.G. in protecting threatened pregnancies with male fetus.

PMID- 977931
TI  - [Leukocyte reactions "in vitro" to human spermatozoa in infertile females].
AB  - Leucocyte migration test was done in 55 couples facing fertility problems for
      detection of antispermatozoal cellular hypersensitivity. In 29 cases out of 55,
      the sterility was unexplained and in 26 cases out of 55, various infertility
      factors were found. In this study, wife's leucocytes separated on Ficoll
      Urografin gradient were incubated (4.10(6) per capillary) with washed fresh
      husband's spermatozoa suspended at 7.10(6)/ml in M 199 and 20 p. 100 fetal bovine
      serum. The results were read after 18h. Two kinds of migration inhibition were
      found: 1) Specific wives leucocyte migration inhibition in 4 out of 55 cases, all
      of them unexplained infertility cases. 2) Leucocyte migration inhibition not
      related to wife's immunity state and possibly due to a direct effect of a toxic
      or inhibitory property of some husband's spermatozoa in 22 out of 55 cases, 11/19
      cases with known male factors, and 11/36 cases without any male factor. In the
      follow up, only 1 woman out of the 22 couples with husband's spermatozoal
      inhibitory factor was pregnant later, while in the group of 29 women in which
      normal leucocyte spreading was found, 8 women conceived later. No woman out of
      the 4 suspected of antispermatozoal delayed hypersensitivity have conceived.
      Attention must be paid to the possible role of delayed hypersensitivity to sperm
      in unexplained infertility and also to the occurrence of spermatozoal toxic
      factor and its possible implications on human infertility.

PMID- 977932
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis and interruption of pregnancy. Results of 21 parasitologic
      examinations].
AB  - Mouse inoculations were carried out after 21 pregnancies had been terminated for
      acquired toxoplasmosis. Only one positive result was obtained.

PMID- 977933
TI  - [Perineal echotomography. A new method of objective measurement of the cervix].
AB  - Perineal echotomography is a method for measuring the dilatation of the cervix
      and is a good measure of the cervix during pregnancy. It permits visualization of
      the bag of waters, the presentation of the fetus and of the low-lying placenta.

PMID- 977934
TI  - [Attempt at evaluation of the risk of mortality in utero].
AB  - An analysis was made of the obstetric history of 1,360 patients who were
      delivered in 1971. It involved 3,185 pregnancies. The aim of the study was to
      evaluate the risk of spontaneous termination of the pregnancy, worked out from
      its demographic aspect. Several ideas are worthy of consideration. The risk of
      spontaneous intra-uterine death is cumulative, sharply increased by a repetition
      of such cessation of pregnancy. The same patients often undergo intentional
      abortion repeatedly. The respective risks of spontaneous and provoked
      interruption of pregnancy have been studied in greater detail as a function of
      parity.

PMID- 977935
TI  - [Ligation of the internal iliac arteries in cases of placenta accreta].
AB  - Three cases of excessive hemorrhage in the third stage due to Placenta accreta
      are described. The authors preferred to treat these cases by ligation with catgut
      of the internal iliac arteries instead of hysterectomy, because the patients were
      young and likely to want more children. The results were very satisfactory: The
      hemorrhage was controlled in each case. By mean of arteriography, hysterography,
      and endometrial biopsy they were able to show that the I.I. arteries became
      patent after 3-4 months, and all the uterine functions were completely restored.
      Two pregnancies with normal delivery, occurred out of these 3 cases.

PMID- 977936
TI  - The cytochemical demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase using a new
      substrate, phosphorylcholine.
AB  - Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), an acid phosphatase specific to the prostate
      gland, is demonstrated cytochemically for both light and electron microscopy with
      a new substrate phosphorylcholine. Lead ion is used as capture agent for
      liberated phosphate ion in a modified Gomori medium. PAP is demonstrated in the
      tubuloaveolar epithelial secretory cells of the rat ventral prostate gland. In
      the apical portion of the cell it is found in secretory granules and in the
      matrix of multivescular bodies. In the Golgi area it is localized in Golgi
      cisternae, Golgi related vacuoles and multivescular bodies. Evidence is presented
      that PAP is not a lysosomal enzyme, as are other acid phosphatases, and that
      phosphorylcholine is a highly specific substrate for PAP. As based on the role of
      pentavalent nitrogen on substrate structure, it is apparent that PAP is to other
      acid phosphatases what the cholinesterases are to other esterases.

PMID- 977937
TI  - Variation in the autoradiographic technique: I. Emulsion-developer combinations
      assessed by photometric measurement of single silver grains.
AB  - Five commonly used developers (Acufine, Rodinal, Dektol, D19 and Microdol X) and
      two popular nuclear gel emulsions (Kodak NTB-2 and Ilford L4) were tested in
      combinations for adequacy of development characteristics and the distribution of
      silver particle (grain) size measured by means of a reflectance microphotometer.
      All developer-emulsion combinations had some range of development time during
      which maximum development was accomplished with no occurrence of background
      grains, with the exceptions of the combinations of NTB2-Acufine and NTB2-D19.
      Ilford L4 emulsion obtained the narrowest grain size distribution with Rodinal
      and Acufine, followed by Dektol, and D19. The narrowest size distribution for
      Kodak NTB2 emulsion was achieved with D19 followed by Acufine, Dektol and
      Rodinal. Microdol-X had undesirable effects on the integrity of the individual
      grains of both emulsions. The criteria are discussed for selecting the most
      advantageous emulsion-developer system for the particular mode of evaluation
      (visual, photometric, television camera) to be applied to the finished
      autoradiographic specimens.

PMID- 977938
TI  - A comparative ultrastructural localization of concanavalin A, wheat germ and
      Ricinus communis on glomeruli of normal rat kidney.
AB  - Three lectins, concanavalin A, peroxidase labeled wheat germ and peroxidase
      labeled Ricinus communis have been utilized to determine the localization of
      various saccharide determinants in the glomerulus of the normal rat kidney. In
      order to obtain a homogeneous penetration of the lectins throughout the whole
      section, various technical parameters were studied. Only with concanavalin A, a
      diffuse labeling of the endoplasmic reticulum was obtained. With the three
      lectins, the basement membrane, mesangial matrix and the cell coat of the three
      cell types in the glomerulus were labeled. Differences in the labeling of the
      capillary wall were also noted.

PMID- 977939
TI  - Factors affecting the incomes of men and women physicians: an exploratory
      analysis.
AB  - Income differences between men and women physicians are analyzed using data from
      the Americal Medical Association's 1973 Eighth Periodic Survey of Physicians.
      While women tend to possess less favorable professional characteristics in terms
      of income-earning potential, the returns to many characteristics associated with
      higher incomes are greater for women than for men. Additional evidence on
      differences in weekly hours worked is presented in an effort to explain the lower
      incomes of women doctors.

PMID- 977940
TI  - The demand for dental care: a study of consumption and household production.
AB  - Within the context of a Becker-type consumer's choice model, this paper reports
      an empirical study of the demand for dental care for approximately 1,000
      households. The unique feature of the study is that waiting time and travel time
      as well as price and other traditional economic variables are entered into the
      regression analysis. Generally, the results confirm our expectations derived from
      theory, but elasticities with respect to all of the above-mentioned determinants
      of demand were small. In addition, some of the subtle predictions of the theory
      could not be confirmed.

PMID- 977941
TI  - The suppressive effect of the interferon on the ability of mouse spleen cells
      synthesizing IgE to sensitize rat skin for heterologous adoptive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis.
AB  - Mouse spleen cells which are synthesizing IgE can sensitize rat skin for HACA.
      When such cells are treated with mouse interferon, their ability to sensitize rat
      skin is reduced or completely inhibited. Two hundred PRD50 units of interferon
      reduced HACA reactions by more than 50%; 600 units gave complete inhibition.
      Interferon may act by inhibiting IgE synthesis and/or release.

PMID- 977942
TI  - Effects of C-reactive protein on platelet function. II. Inhibition by CRP of
      platelet reactivities stimulated by poly-L-lysine, ADP, epinephrine, and
      collagen.
AB  - It was recently demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP)4 inhibits the response
      of human platelets to heataggregated human gamma-globulin and thrombin and that
      this inhibition is characterized by a dose-dependent reduction in aggregation,
      activation of platelet factor 3 (PF3), and release of beta-glucuronidase. In the
      present experiments, CRP was found also to inhibit the ability of washed human
      platelets to aggregate in response to poly-L-lysine (PLL); in these experiments,
      the magnitude of the inhibitory effect was dependent upon the m.w. of PLL used as
      the stimulating agent, and was more effective with low (15,000 daltons) than with
      high (400,000 daltons) m.w. polymers. CRP similarly inhibited ADP- and
      epinephrine-stimulated platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and
      this was characterized by relatively minimal suppression of the primary wave  of
      aggregation. CRP also inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by collagen in
      PRP, although it had no effect upon the adherence of platelets to collagen.
      Finally, CRP inhibited the activation of PF3  and the release of serotonin during
      stimulation of platelets with ADP, and this inhibition was temporally related to
      the onset of the secondary wave of aggregation. These experiments extend the
      platelet reactivities inhibited by CRP,  show that CRP expresses its inhibitory
      capacity in platelet-rich plasma as well as upon isolated platelets, raise the
      possibility that CRP exercises its effects by inhibiting or interfering with the
      release and/or utilization of endogenous platelet ADP, and support the concept
      that CRP plays an important role in the control of platelet responsiveness to a
      variety of stimuli during acute inflammatory reactions.

PMID- 977943
TI  - Metabolic studies of guinea pig basophilic leukocytes in short-term tissue
      culture. I. Measurement of histaminesynthesizing capacity by using an isotopic
      thin layer chromatographic assay.
AB  - Mature circulating guinea pig basophils, purified to comprise 25% or more of
      leukocytes, have been successfully maintained in short-term tissue culture for up
      to 72 hr. These cells were found to retain the ability to synthesize histamine,
      as assayed by a new isotopic-thin layer chromatographic assay which can reliably
      detect as little as 0.5 pg of 3H-histamine. Cell-associated, newly synthesized
      histamine was detectable as early as 1 hr of culture, was substantially increased
      at 6 hr, and reached maximal levels at 24 hr, when it accounted for approximately
      6.5% of total cell histamine. Newly synthesized histamine was still detectable at
      48 and 72 hr of culture. Histamine synthesis was decreased by lwoering the
      concentration of histidine in the culture medium, and was markedly reduced by all
      the specific histidine dedarboxylase (HDC)3 inhibitors tested, but not by alpha
      methyl-DOPA, pyrilamine maleate, or metiamide. Increasing the concentration of
      pyridoxal phosphate, the HDC coenzyme, above that normally present in culture
      medium resulted in only an equivocal increase in the amount of newly synthesized
      histamine, whereas aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of histaminase, had no detectable
      effect. Uptake of exogenous histamine by cultured basophils was trivial compared
      to histamine synthesis. Both newly synthesized and previously manufactured,
      nonisotopic, histamine seemed to be stored in the same pool, as the same
      proportion of both was released by concanavalin A (Con A). Cellular histamine was
      largely conserved, with little or no spontaneous release into the medium of
      detectable isotopic or nonisotopic histamine. These techniques provide a model
      for studying granulocyte metabolic processes in vitro, and should assist in the
      direct investigation of a variety of their physiologic functions.

PMID- 977944
TI  - Immunologic cross-reactions between the specifically localizing cells (SLC)
      generated in response to sheep RBC and the red cells of other species.
AB  - Some of the lymphoid cells selectively incorporating radioactive thymidine 3 days
      after primary immunization with SRBC which are capable of specifically localizing
      in the lymph nodes of adoptively immunized syngeneic recipients challenged with
      SRBC (SLC-SRBC)2 are also capable of specifically localizing in lymph nodes
      challenged with the red blood cells of a varieth of other mammalian species. The
      one nonmammalian RBC tested, CRBC, failed to cross-react with SRBC by this
      parameter even qualitatively, although it remains possible that a feeble cross
      reaction might be demonstrated with large enough experimental groups. As
      expected, the magnitude of the observed cross-reactions seems to vary inversely
      with the phylogenetic distance between the species, with ORBC showing the
      strongest cross-reaction (41 to 49%), ARBC showing the weakest (8 to 13%), and
      BRBC and HRBC occupying intermediate positions (13 to 20%). Cross-reaction
      between secondary anti-SRBC antibodies and the red cells of the other species
      were weak and inconstant, suggesting that the observed cross-reactions of
      specific localization may involve T cells more than B cells. During the course of
      these studies, it was also possible to verify experimentally our impression that
      with existing methods of selectively labeling SLC it is possible to study the
      phenomenon of specific localization using only one population of labeled cells,
      providing certain essential controls are employed.

PMID- 977945
TI  - Leukocyte-derived complement inhibitor. IV. The functional properties of C1 bound
      to erythrocytes pretreated with leukocyte culture supernatant.
AB  - E, pretreated with leukocyte cultures supernatant (ES), binds C1 through C1q; ES
      and EIgM that bind the same amount of C1 as measured in a hemolytic assay have
      the same uptake of 125I-C1q; ESC1q and EIgMC1q, carrying the same number of
      molecules of CUq per cell, have the same uptake of CUr and CUs; soluble immune
      compleses prevent the binding of C1 and C1q to ES. The activity of C1 bound to ES
      is impaired; ESC1 can react with C4 but not with C2. The C4 turnover and the C1
      ING turnover by ESC1 are reduced so that ES-bound C1 is protected from
      destruction by C1 ING. These modifications are fully reversed when C1 is
      transferred from ES to EA:C1 recovers its ability to react with C2, and C1 INH.
      Thus the C1s activity can be modulated inside the C1 molecular complex upon
      binding of C1q to a lymphocyte product. In addition, the 125I-C1q uptake is
      proportional to the amount of IgM hemolysin used to sensitize E; it has, however,
      an exponential relationship to the amount of IgG or S used to sensitize E. The
      ratio of 125I-C1q uptake towhole C1 uptake measured in a hemolytic assay is
      lowerthan 2. This indicates that one molecule of IgM is sufficient to bind one
      molecule of C1q on E, that several molecules of IgG or S are required to bind one
      molecule of C1q, and that one molecule of C1q is sufficient to create a lytic
      site on E.

PMID- 977946
TI  - The metabolism of IgE. Studies in normal individuals and in a patient with IgE
      myeloma.
AB  - IgE metabolic turnover studies with purified radioiodinated IgE were performed in
      normal individuals and in a patient with IgE myeloma. The validity of the
      turnover studies was established in several ways, including comparisons of
      radioiodinated IgE turnover with the turnover of endogenously labeled 14C-IgE and
      with the turnover of infused unlabeled IgE in a patient with
      hypogammaglobulinemia. The geometric mean serum IgE concentration in 73 normal
      adults was 96 ng/ml with a 68% confidence interval of 24 to 386 ng/ml. Metabolic
      turnover studies in 10 control individuals disclosed a geometric mean total
      circulating IgE of 4.1 mug/kg, a mean percentage of the total exchangeable IgE in
      the intravascular space of 41%, a mean half-time of survival of IgE of 2.7 days,
      a mean fractional catabolic rate of 94% of intravascular pool per day, and a
      geometric mean synthetic rate of 3.8 mug/kg/day. IgE has the lowest synthetic
      rate and highest fractional catabolic rate of the five major classes of
      immunoglobulin molecules. In contrast to these normal values, a patient with IgE
      myeloma had a serum IgE comcentration of 42 mg/ml, a total circulating IgE of 1.7
      g/kg, and a synthetic rate of 270 mg/kg/day. Furthermore, although the synthetic
      rate was vastly increased, the survival time was prolonged and the fractional
      catabolic rate was decreased to 5.1 days and 16 to 22% of the intravascular pool
      per day, respectively. These data are compatible with the concept that IgE is
      catabolized in part by a mechanism common to all immunoglobulin classes and in
      part by a unique mechanism not available to other immunoglobulins. At very high
      IgE serum concentrations, such as those encountered in patients with IgE myeloma,
      the unique mechanism would be saturated and only the catabolic pathways available
      to all immunoglobulins would be available to IgE.

PMID- 977947
TI  - Inhibition of normal allogenic lymphocyte mitogenesis by a soluble inhibitor
      extracted from human colonic carcinoma.
AB  - Soluble extracts from human colonic tumors (STE) and from their hepatic
      metastases (SHME) were found to be unable to induce a proliferative response
      among normal allogenic lymphocytes. However, addition of these tissue extracts to
      cultures stimulated with various mitogens resulted in an almost complete
      inhibition of lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Nevertheless, they did not reduce the
      unstimulated lymphocyte spontaneous proliferation. Control experiments have shown
      that normal or nonmalignant tissues do not affect the lymphocyte  reactivity to
      mitogens. The specific immunosuppressive evvect was found to be irreversible and
      to block lymphocyte activation at an early stage. The inhibitor was soluble (not
      sedimented at 220,000 times G for 2 hr) and not nonspecifically cytotoxic. STE
      was slso found to induce morphologic alterations resulting in blastlike cell
      production. However, no mitotic figures were seen, even after colchicin
      treatment. It is suggested that STE might contain molecular component(s) which
      would exert a double effect: 1) trigger metabolic alterations responsible for the
      blast-like cell induction, and 2) inhibit the lymphoproliferative response. The
      significance of such a mechanism is discussed in conection with the nonspecific
      immunosuppression caused by a tumor and the immune unresponsiveness against the
      tumor itself. A preliminiary characterization of this tumor material has shown
      that its molecular weight was about 70,000 and that it is not related to
      carcinoembryonic antigen or alpha-fetoprotein.

PMID- 977948
TI  - Early and late contact sensitivity reactions in guinea pigs senstitzed to
      oxazolone.
AB  - Inbred strain 2 and random-bred guinea pigs injected oxazolone in incomplete or
      complete Freund's adjuvant showed contact reactions within an hour after topical
      application when tested 3 weeks post-sensititization. The application when tested
      3 weeks post-sensitization. The time for appearance of skin reactions at 5 days
      post-sensitization was 8 to 24 hr, more along classic delayed-type
      hypersensitivity lines. Immune serum harvested several weeks after
      sensititazation was effective for passive transfer of early skin reactivity,
      while serum at 5 to 10 days was not. Lymph node cells taken 5 days after
      sensitization of donors could transfer only the late skin reactivity to
      histocompatible recipients; lymph nodes taken at 15 days did not contain cells
      capable of such transfers. The heterogeneity of mechanisms involved in the
      production of contact dermatitis suggested by these results provides new
      approaches to studies in this area of allergy research.

PMID- 977949
TI  - Xenogenization of rat erythroid cells by lymphatic leukemia virus: its role in
      induction of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
AB  - Newborn rats given injections of low doses of Friend lymphatic leukemia virus
      subsequently developed hemolytic anemia characterized by production of
      antierythrocyte autoantibody. Electron microscopy showed C-type virus particles
      budding from the cell membrane not only of lymphoid cells but also of erythrocyte
      percursor cells in bone marrow and spleen, suggesting that the erythroid cells
      were infected by the virus. In addition, erythrocyte precursor cells expressed
      virus-induced cell surface antigens detected by cytotoxicity tests. Normal
      syngeneic rats preimmunized with a Friend lymphatic leukemia virusinduced tumor
      and subsequently inoculated with bone marrow, spleen cells, or reticulocyte-rich
      fraction derived from other rats injected with high doses of the virus at birth
      produced cytotoxic antibody to the virus-induced tumor and antierythrocyte
      autoantibody. In contrast, rats subsequently inoculated with virus-infected
      thymus or lymph node cells produced cytotoxic antibody but not antierythrocyte
      autoantibody. These results indicate that "xenogenization," previously shown for
      tumor cells and normal lymphoid cells, is also observed for rat erythroid cells
      and, further, that xenogenization of erythroid cells by Friend lymphatic leukemia
      virus is one of the most important factors in induction of autoimmune hemolytic
      anemia.

PMID- 977950
TI  - Activation of the alternative complement pathway by water-insoluble glucans of
      streptococcus mutans: the relation between their chemical structures and
      activating potencies.
AB  - Water insoluble, sticky glucan was synthesized by reacting glucosyltransferase
      obtained from the sulture filtrate of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176 on
      sucrose. This glucan (OMZ 176 glucan), that consisted of the backbone chains of
      consecutive alpha-1, 3 glucosidic linkages (65%) and the side chain of alpha-1, 6
      glucosidic bonds (35%), showed an ability to activate the alternative pathway of
      the complment system in human serum. Water soluble glucans synthesized from the
      reaction of glycosyltransferases of S. mutans strain AHT, FA-I, and Ingbritt with
      sucrose, that have a high content of alpha-1,6 and a low content of alpha-1, 3
      glucosidic linkages, were less effective to activate the complement system.
      Sephadex (G-25) and Dextran (T-2,000 and T-40), that consisted exclusively of
      alpha-1, 6 glucosidic linkages, did not significantly activate the complement
      system. Controlled Smith degradation products of OMZ 176 glucan, composed of the
      alpha-1, 3 linked glucose backbone chain alone, lost its activity. From these
      results it was concluded that both backbone chain of alpha-1, 3 glucose units and
      branched alpha-1, 6 glucose units were essential for the OMZ 176 glucan to
      activate the alternative pathway of the human complement system.

PMID- 977951
TI  - Mechanism of the growth-promoting effect of serum albumin on concanavalin A
      activated lymphocytes: protective effect of the plasma proteins.
AB  - The concentration of concanavalin A (Con A) required for optimal growth of
      lymphocytes is 10 to 20 times greater in the presence of plasma than in the
      presence of serum albumin (BSA). This shift in Con A requirement is mainly caused
      by Cohn fractions III and IV, which bind and probably remove free Con A.
      Aymphocytes, once they are activated by Con A, lose all proliferative activity
      unless protected by certain proteins. Cohn fraction VI and beta-lactoglobulin
      were found to be most effective in protecting the cells. The protective proteins
      do not promote growth; only BSA promotes growth of Con A-activated lymphocytes.
      The mechanism of the growth-promoting effect of BSA on Con A-activated
      lymphocytes was investigated. The continous presence of BSA in the culture medium
      durdly reduces, whereas protein-free medium abolishes, growth. The mechanism of
      the growth-promoting effect of BSA is not concerned with regulating the uptake of
      Con Aby lymphocytes. Red blood cells, crenated by washing in protein-free medium,
      revert immediately to their normal globular shape by the addition ofBSA or
      FAFBSA, whereas the protective proteins fail to do so, indicating a direct effect
      of BSA on the external surface of the erythrocyte membrane and presumably also of
      the lymphocyte. The hypothesis is proposed that BSA promotes growth by conveting
      total structural integrity to the cell surface membrane of Con A-treated
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 977952
TI  - Chemotactic and bactericidal capacities of human newborn monocytes.
AB  - We evaluated the chemotactic and bactericidal capacities of human cord blood
      monocytes, and the ability of cord lymphocytes and sera to generate chemotactic
      (LDCF) and opsonic factors for monocytes. Our results suggest that the intrinsic
      locomotive capacity, and the receptor system for LDCF, are adequately developed
      in the newborn monocyte. Moreover, newborn lymphocytes appear to produce adequate
      amounts of LDCF, capable of attracting adult monocytes. Poor chemotaxis was
      observed only when cord monocytes were exposed to supernatants of cord
      lymphocytes, which suggests that both contribute to this abnormal response. An
      inhibitory factor for which only cord monosensitivity of monocytes and strength
      of chemotactic factor between adults and newborns would explain these results.
      Bactericidal capactiy of cord monocytes against Escherichia coli K-12 opsonized
      by either cord or adult serum was comparable to that  of adult monocytes.

PMID- 977953
TI  - Solubilization of IgA immune precipitates by complement.
AB  - The complement (C) system can solubilize immune precipitates prepared with
      antibodies of the IgG class, and apparently also of the IgM class. This paper
      shows that C can also solubilize immune precipitates prepared with two different
      antigen-binding IgA myeloma proteins. Immune precipitates were prepared with a)
      mouse myeloma protein TEPC 15 and PC-KLH, and b) mouse myeloma protein MOPC 315
      and DNP-BSA. The precipitates could be solubilized by fresh mouse serum, but not
      by zymosan- or heat-inactivated serum. The rate of solubilization was not
      affected by the removal of of Ca++ ions. These results verify that the C-mediated
      solubilization effect can proceed entirely via the alternative C pathway, and
      lend increased support to the view that the effect is a general phenomenon, not
      restricted to a particular antibody class or type of antigen.

PMID- 977954
TI  - Generation of a neutrophil chemotactic agent by spermatozoa: role of complement
      and regulation by seminal plasma factors.
AB  - The interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, spermatozoa, seminal plasma,
      and serum have been examined in an in vitro leukocyte chemotaxis system. Bovine
      or human spermatozoa have no neutrophil chemotactic activity alone, but generate
      potent activity when incubated with serum. Generation of this activity requires
      magnesium, but not calcium ions and is blocked by pre-heating the serum.
      Chemotactic activity is generated normally in serum deficient in immunoglobulins
      or C4, but is not produced in serum deficient in C3. Thus, spermatozoa activate
      complement via the alternative pathway. The chemotactically active agent has been
      identified as the low m.w. C5 cleavage product (C5a) on the basis of heat
      stability, gel filtration characteristics, and specific inhibition by anti-serum
      to C5. The spermatozoal constituents responsible for complement activation are
      largely heat stable, resistant to diisopropyfluorophosphate and on gel filtration
      compise a heterogeneous group of large m.w. materials. Bovine seminal plasma has
      no neutrophil chemotactic activity alone; considerable activity, however, is
      generated by incubating low, but not high concentrations of seminal plasma with
      serum. The chemotactic agent produced in serum is C5a. Bovine seminal plasma also
      contains potent heat labile inhibitors of chemotaxis. Two distinct inhibitors
      differing in m.w. (50 to 100,000 and 15,000) and heat stability have been
      isolated. The inhibitors appear to act directly on the neutrophil rather than on
      the chemotactic factor. Human seminal plasma exhibits slight chemotactic activity
      alone but does not generate significant additional activity on incubation with
      serum. In contrast to the inhibitory activity of bovine seminal plasma, the human
      material contains heat-stable, nondialyzable factors which enhance the neutrophil
      chemotactic response. These studies document a specific mechanism for the
      directed migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes toward spermatozoa. The
      findings may provide an explanation for  the observed in vivo leukocyte
      accumulation in the female genital tract in association with spermatozoa and
      seminal plasma. The biologic significance of this phenomenon relates to potential
      leukocyte-spermatozoa interaction which may influence the likelihood of
      fertilization.

PMID- 977955
TI  - Large-scale isolation of Dane particles from plasma containing hepatitis B
      antigen and deomnstration of circular double-stranded DNA molecule extruding
      directly from their cores.
AB  - A method was developed to isolate, on a large scale, Dane particles from five
      liters of pooled plasma of asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B antigen. It
      involved three successive ultracentrifugation procedures; the final preparation
      was more than 98% pure in Dane particles. Purified Dane particles had the density
      of 1.23 to 1.24 g/cm3. The concentration of nucleic acids in the preparation
      containing purified Dane particles was too low to be detected either by chemical
      or by spectrophotometric method. However, a circular double-stranded DNA molecule
      extruding directly from the core of Dane particles was clearly demonstrated by
      elelctron microscopic observations. The cores of Dane particles (hepatitis B core
      antigen; HBCAg) were prepared by treating the Dane particle preparation with
      mercaptoethanol and Nonidet P-40. They were sufficient both in purity and amounts
      to allow the determination of antibody to HBCAg by an immune adherence
      hamagglutination method.

PMID- 977956
TI  - Autologous human cellular cytotoxicity induced by mitogenic and nonmitogenic
      lectins.

PMID- 977957
TI  - Partial separation of human blood leukocytes by density gradient
      electrophoresis:different mobilities of lymphocytes with IgG, those with IgM and
      IgD, T lymphocytes, and monocytes.

PMID- 977958
TI  - Specific antisera produced by immunization with precipitin lines.
AB  - Individual plasma proteins were precipitated, identified and isolated on the
      basis of line immunoelectrophoresis. A monospecific antibody response was induced
      by immunization of rabbits with less than 50 ng of precipitated antigen.
      Preservation of monospecificity was obtained by reimmunization with precipitates
      developed against the specific antisera.

PMID- 977959
TI  - Enrichment of PHA transformed lymphocytes in samples containing mixed
      populations.
AB  - A dextran density gradient centrifugation method has been used to separate PHA
      transformed lymphocytes from nontransformed lymphocytes obtained from rat blood.
      Fifty-four percent of the transformed lymphocytes were recovered in the fraction
      at a density of 1.0620 g/ml. Eighty-five percent of the cells in this fraction
      were transformed cells while the remainder were non-transformed lymphocytes.

PMID- 977960
TI  - Cold urticaria.

PMID- 977961
TI  - Trifluoperazine in preanaesthetic medication.

PMID- 977962
TI  - Bilateral primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tubes.

PMID- 977963
TI  - Hodgkin's disease of jejunum presenting with perforation.

PMID- 977964
TI  - Chylolymphatic cyst of the mesentery presenting as acute intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 977965
TI  - A simple device for duodenal/intestinal intubation studies.

PMID- 977966
TI  - A source of error in the laboratory diagnosis of amoebiasis.

PMID- 977967
TI  - We must now act decisively...

PMID- 977968
TI  - National population policy.

PMID- 977969
TI  - Curbing population.

PMID- 977971
TI  - Medical termination of pregnancy - its status, achievements and lacunae.

PMID- 977970
TI  - Family planning measures--their merits and demerits.

PMID- 977972
TI  - Minilaparotomy as a revolutionary approach for tubectomy in rural India.

PMID- 977974
TI  - Natural family planning by symptothermic control.

PMID- 977973
TI  - Introduction of second trimester abortions with 15-(S)-methyl prostaglandin
      F2alpha by intra-uterine and intramuscular routes.

PMID- 977975
TI  - Abortion hazards.

PMID- 977976
TI  - Subacute combined system degeneration in Cooley's anemia: excessive vitamin B12
      utilization producing a relative deficiency combined system degeneration.

PMID- 977977
TI  - A brash, bold bid!

PMID- 977978
TI  - Effects of acetylcholine, physostigmine, and hemicholinium-3 on spontaneous
      electrical activity of neurosecretory nerves in Carausius and Rhodius.

PMID- 977979
TI  - Juvenile hormone induced ovarian uptake of a female-specific blood protein in
      Oncopeltus fasciatus.

PMID- 977980
TI  - Soluble blood group reactive substances in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata
      (Mollusca).

PMID- 977981
TI  - Effect of manganese on Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 977982
TI  - Accumulation of lipids in Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts cultured in vitro.

PMID- 977983
TI  - Observations on the infection of Aedes sierrensis by a tetrahymenine ciliate.

PMID- 977984
TI  - Leukocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata: morphology and behavior of granulocytic
      cells in vitro.

PMID- 977985
TI  - The fibrous proteins of stratum corneum.
AB  - The proteins of cow snout stratum corneum can be extracted in part with Tris
      buffer, pH 9.0, containing 6 M urea. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis shows that about half the extracted material migrates as
      prekeratin when the extract is treated with both SDS and mercaptoethanol; only
      trace amounts of the proteins migrating as prekeratin are seen when SDS alone is
      used. The urea extract gives precipitin lines to an antibody against prekeratin.
      After exhaustive extraction with the Tris-urea buffer an additional amount of
      protein is solubilized by extraction with buffer containing mercaptoethanol. This
      extract shows an electrophoretic pattern similar but not identical to prekeratin.
      These results suggest that the stratum corneum contains fibrous proteins with
      different degrees of cross-linking. An analogous system has also been observed in
      human stratum corneum.

PMID- 977986
TI  - Patterns of glucose catabolism during differentiation of fetal rat epidermis.
AB  - Glucose metabolism has been investigated during differentiation of fetal rat skin
      to evaluate shifting patterns in the catabolism of this major exogenous substrate
      in relation to changing requirements during epidermal maturation. Glucose
      utilization and aerobic glycolysis declined while oxidative metabolism increased
      in whole skin as stratification and cornification progressed. Activity of the
      hexose monophosphate shunt was quantitated in isolated epidermis for the first
      time. The relative activity of this pathway diminished somewhat from 20% to 12%
      of utilized glucose as the granular layer and stratum corneum developed. The
      results are consistent with (a) enhanced utilization of glucose, aerobic
      glycolysis, and hexose monophosphate activity in rapidly proliferating eidermis,
      and (b) flexibility of glucose catabolism in response to cellular requirements at
      different stages of differentiation.

PMID- 977987
TI  - Arginine transferase activity in homogenates from guinea-pig hair follicles.
AB  - The transfer of arginine from tRNA to the amino terminal region of acceptor
      proteins has been demonstrated in postribosomal supernatant from guinea-pig hair
      follicle homogenate. The reaction has no requirement for template nucleic acids,
      ATP, GTP, or Mg++, and is unaffected by high concentrations of cycloheximide. It
      is concluded that the arginine transfer activity of the guinea-pig hair follicle
      is due to the action of a soluble enzyme similar to the arginine transferases
      previously described for other mammalian tissues.

PMID- 977988
TI  - Spark source mass spectrographic study of metal allergenic substances on the
      skin.
AB  - By spark source mass spectrography it is possible to trace very low
      concentrations of substances such as chromium, cobalt, and nickel in ethanol
      extracts of the skin. Chromium could be detected in abnormally high
      concentrations 3 weeks after one application, while nickel and cobalt reached
      background levels after 2 to 3 weeks. Touching a door handle containing chromium
      leads to a significant rise in the chromium content of the skin. Increased
      chromium content of the skin was evident in one case of wristwatch eczema as
      well.

PMID- 977989
TI  - The induction of photocontact sensitivity in guinea pigs without UVB radiation.
AB  - Allergic photocontact sensitization could be induced in guinea pigs with
      3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA), 3,4',5-tribromosalicylanilide (TBS),
      and bithionol using pretreatment with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and long-wave
      ultraviolet (UVA) radiation. Mid-wave ultraviolet below 320 nm (UVB) was not
      necessary for the induction of sensitization. Combined use of SLS pretreatment
      with UVA radiation resulted in more effective sensitization than combined UVB and
      UVA radiation. Higher sensitization rates to TCSA and TBS were achieved by
      allowing rest periods between each of 5 2-hr exposures to UVA than by daily 1-hr
      exposures for 10 consecutive days. The opposite result was obtained with
      bithionol. Although UVB has been customarily used in the past for induction of
      photosensitivity, its role is only to irritate the site of induction.

PMID- 977990
TI  - Lymphocyte-epithelial cell interactions in oral mucosal inflammatory diseases.
AB  - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity for target cells is a method for evaluating specific
      lymphocyte stimulation. In vitro lymphocytotoxicity has been demonstrated in
      chronic ulcerative colitis and granulomatous colitis, polymyositis and
      dermatomyositis, systemic scleroderma, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and
      periodontal disease. We have investigated lymphocytotoxicity in 36 patients with
      various oral inflammatory diseases using an automated cell-counting system. This
      investigation demonstrated in vitro lymphocytotoxicity for gingival epithelial
      target cells by aggressor lymphocytes harvested from patients with recurrent
      aphthous stomatitis and periodontal disease. This effect was not seen when the
      lymphocytes were harvested from normal subjects or from patients with other oral
      mucosal inflammatory diseases. The automated cell-counting system corresponded
      very well with the assay technique of exclusion of supravital dye.

PMID- 977991
TI  - Cutaneous effects of pulsed nitrogen gas laser irradiation.
AB  - The effects of pulsed nitrogen gas laser emission (337.1 nm wavelength) were
      studied on human skin. The laser provides high-intensity monochromatic UVA
      radiation and can elicit delayed erythema in an actual exposure time of about 1
      msec (105,000 pulses, each lasting 10 nsec, delivered over 210 sec). The effects
      of nitrogen laser irradiation were compared clinically and histologically with
      conventional erythemogenic UVA and UVB exposures from xenon arc or mercury arc
      lamps and were found to be similar in many respects. The minimal erythema dose is
      comparable to that obtained using more conventional continuous light sources
      which have more than 100 times lower intensity. A phototoxicity comparison of
      oral and topically applied psoralens is presented, indicating that the laser may
      prove useful in comparing photosenitizing capacity of certain compounds.

PMID- 977992
TI  - Role of maternal antibody in pneumonia and bronchiolitis due to respiratory
      syncytial virus.
AB  - Fifteen infants with pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 19
      infants with bronchiolitis caused by RSV were studied for the influence of
      homologous, circulating neutralizing antibody on the severity of their illness.
      All infants were under nine months of age. Although maternal neutralizing
      antibody did not prevent infection with RSV and illness, the severity of
      pneumonia caused by RSV was inversely related to the level of neutralizing
      antibody. The severity of bronchiolitis caused by RSV was unrelated to maternal
      antibody levels. Chest roentgenograms showed pneumonia to be slightly more severe
      than bronchiolitis. Neither the severity of illness nor the presence of maternal
      neutralizing antibody was related to the development of complement-fixing
      antibody.

PMID- 977993
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen shows transmission
      of hepatitis B virus among household contacts.
AB  - The epidemiology of infections with hepatitis B virus was studied by measurement
      of serum antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) with the radioimmuno
      precipitation test. Prospective studies of household contacts of HBS Ag-positive
      patients with acute hepatitis demonstrated that four of 41 children and one of 60
      adults experienced anicteric seroconversions. Two of the 60 adults also had mild
      icteric hepatitis and became chronically antigenemic. Neither HBS Ag nor antibody
      to HBS Ag was detected in follow-up blood samples from 85 seronegative contacts
      of HBS Ag-negative patients with hepatitis, although seven icteric secondary
      cases were identified. Household contacts of HBS Ag carriers frequently had
      serologic evidence of exposure to hepatitis B virus (44% of adults), but the
      remainder had neither detectable antigen nor antibody.

PMID- 977994
TI  - Morphology, ultrastructure, and mode of division of Mycoplasma fermentans,
      Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma orale, and Mycoplasma salivarium.
AB  - The morphology of viable Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma
      orale types 1 and 2, and Mycoplasma salivarium was studied in broth cultures by
      interference microscopy and in thin sections by electron microscopy. Only
      spherical cells were seen by interference microscopy. M. hominis had a capsule
      like outer layer. Except for M. orale type 1, mycoplasmas in thin sections were
      0.3-1 mum in diameter, with a bounding trilaminar membrane 7.5-10 nm thick. The
      mycoplasmas contained DNA fibrils and randomly distributed ribosomes. No
      polyribosomes were seen. Dividing mycoplasmas elongated slightly; the membrane
      invaginated, forming one bud. Sometimes M. hominis and M. salivarium produced one
      bud by elongation, and the bud was attached by a tube. This method of division is
      not considered as characteristic but rather as due to centrifugal force
      separating unfixed cells during preparation for electron microscopy. Cross-septa
      were never observed. In thin sections M. orale type 1 was elongated and without
      buds, an observation which suggested that preparation for electron microscopy
      distorted the mycoplasmas.

PMID- 977995
TI  - Antigen dose response and specificity of production of the lymphokine eosinophil
      stimulation promoter.
AB  - The present investigations of the recently discovered lymphokine eosinophil
      stimulation promoter have (1) shown that the assay system is highly sensitive and
      reproducible via the establishment of dose-response curves and their statistical
      analysis, (2) demonstrated that the direct assay is specific with use of
      eosinophilrich peritoneal exudate cells obtained from mice with either
      schistosomiasis or trichinosis, (3) demonstrated that the indirect test with
      splenic lymphocytes is specific with use of both the above method and
      radioisotope-labeled antigens, and (4) provided information on the roles of
      eosinophils and mononuclear cells via purification, reconstitution, and the use
      of antiserum to eosinophils.

PMID- 977996
TI  - The nature of aleutian disease in mink. I. Two forms of hypergammaglobulinemia as
      related to method of disease transmission and type of lesion.
AB  - Aleutian mink disease is generally considered to precipitate spontaneously in
      ranch mink, with a lethal outcome. A two-year field study of a herd of
      susceptible mutant mink (sapphires and violets), however, has shown that all
      individual mink were affected from birth; the well state consisted of periodic
      low-level hypergammaglobulinemia accompanied by minute vascular occlusions. The
      spontaneous lethal change in an individual appeared to arise during one of these
      hypergammaglobulinemic episodes and thus represented a failure of the immune
      system to control an inherent virus-induced mononucleosis. The fact that the
      entire herd was affected by the periodic form from birth is considered strong
      evidence for vertical transmission at a rate of 100%. The incidence of
      spontaneous precipitation was found to be dependent on the level of
      hypergammaglobulinemia in the mother during pregnancy.

PMID- 977997
TI  - Synergism between amikacin and cefazolin against Klebsiella: in vitro studies and
      effect on the bactericidal activity of serum.
AB  - Synergism between amikacin and cefazolin was studied in vitro in 20 strains of
      Klebsiella isolated from clinical material. Several techniques for the
      demonstration of synergism in vitro were employed. The checkerboard technique
      with use of bactericidal end points and the killing curves method showed
      synergism between amikacin and cefazolin for 13 and 15 strains, respectively. The
      two techniques were in accordance in 12 instances. The data obtained in vitro
      were correlated with the bactericidal activity in sera from 10 subjects who had
      received the usual doses of amikacin and cefazolin, alone or in combination. The
      sera of subjects who received amikacin plus cefazolin were bactericidal at
      significantly higher dilutions than sera of patients who received cefazolin
      alone. The increased serum bactericidal activity in subjects receiving amikacin
      plus cefazolin was observed only for strains against which these antibiotics were
      synergistic in vitro.

PMID- 977998
TI  - beta-Lactamase activity in Chromobacterium violaceum.
AB  - A strain of Chromobacterium violaceum isolated from a fatally infected patient
      was found to produce a beta-lactamase. When the organism was grown in drug-free
      medium, beta-lactamase activity was barely detectable, but when it was grown in
      the presence of penicillin G, a much larger amount of activity was produced. The
      beta lactamase was active primarily against cephalosporins; it was sensitive to
      inhibition by cloxacillin but resistant to p-chloromercuribenzoate. Thus this
      enzyme closely resembled the common type of beta-lactamase found in Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa. The organism was relatively susceptible to ticarcillin,
      carbenicillin, and cefoxitin, which resected hydrolysis by its beta-lactamase,
      but was quite resistant to 11 other beta-lactam antibiotics. Production of the
      beta-lactamase appeared to be mediated by chromosomal genes.

PMID- 977999
TI  - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease).

PMID- 978000
TI  - From the center of disease control. Outbreaks of food-borne disease in the United
      States, 1974.

PMID- 978001
TI  - Passive immunity to diptheria and tetanus in the newborn.

PMID- 978002
TI  - Distribution and characteristics of hepatitis B surface antigen in body fluids of
      institutionalized children and adults.
AB  - Specimens of blood, feces, urine, and nasopharyngeal washings collected at
      regular intervals from subjects in an institutionalized population were tested
      for the presence of hepatitis B surface (HBS Ag) and antibody by passive
      hemagglutination, radioimmunoassay, and immune electron microscopy. HBS Ag,
      confirmed by radioimmunoassay and immune electron microscopy, was frequently
      detected in nasal washings, urine, and feces of chronic carriers of HBS Ag and
      occasionally in subjects with recent seroconversion for HBS Ag. In addition, some
      subjects who had recently become positive for antibody to HBS Ag in serum had HBS
      Ag transiently present in urine and occasionally in the feces, without
      demonstrable antigenemia.

PMID- 978003
TI  - Longitudinal studies of types A and B influenza among Seattle schoolchildren and
      families, 1968-74.
AB  - Longitudinal studies of influenza were conducted by postepidemic collection of
      sera and illness information among Seattle schoolchildren from 1968 to 1974 and
      in family groups from 1972 to 1974. The rate of infection with A/Hong Kong (H3N2)
      virus was lowest in the 1968-1969 epidemic; rates were twice as high in the
      epidemics of 1970 and 1972, and in the A/England (H3N2) epidemic of 1973. The
      introduction of a new strain of influenza type A or type B caused higher rates of
      infection in junior high than elementary schoolchildren. For influenza A, a shift
      in strain was associated with higher rates in the urban area than in the suburban
      area. The proportion of adolescents with serological evidence of infection who
      reported typical illness was 40%-42% in all three A/Hong Kong epidemics and 54%
      during the A/England epidemic. Reinfection with the A/Hong Kong strain was rare.
      Recent natural infection with the A/Hong Kong virus (1972) afforded 62%
      protection in the 1973 epidemic of A/England influenza.

PMID- 978004
TI  - Monocyte function in infectious mononucleosis: evidence for a reversible cellular
      defect.
AB  - Migration of blood monocytes from patients with acute infectious mononucleosis
      and from normal controls was measured against chemotactic factors in serum.
      Moncytes from patients with acute infectious mononucleosis showed decreased
      migration as compared with that of control monocytes. However, serum from
      patients with infectious mononucleosis contained normal or above normal amounts
      of chemotaxins for monocytes. The migratory defect of monocytes from patients
      with infectious mononucleosis was reversible within three months after the onset
      of diesease. The cause of this monocyte migration defect in infectious
      mononucleosis is though to be an in vivo blockade of receptors on monocytes for
      chemotaxins, and it is speculated that this defect can partially explain the
      explain the ablated delayed-hypersensitivity skin reactions in this disease.

PMID- 978005
TI  - Effect of serum and nasal neutralizing antibodies on bovine respiratory syncytial
      virus infection in calves.
AB  - Calves exposed to a bovine respiratory syncytial virus showed mild clinical signs
      of respiratory illness and responded serologically. The disease occurred in the
      presence or absence of circulating antibodies, but there was no evidence of
      exacerbation of the disease due to preexisting serum antibody. Nasal secretory
      antibody appeared to protect the calves against the disease. Calves previously
      exposed to the virus were immune to challenge. The virus was recovered at a high
      frequency when specimens of nasal secretion (not subjected to freezing and
      thawing) were inoculated into susceptible cells within 1 hr after collection.

PMID- 978006
TI  - Recent trends in scabies in the United States.

PMID- 978007
TI  - Algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. XVI. Tuberculosis.

PMID- 978008
TI  - A perspective on medical liability.

PMID- 978009
TI  - Professional liability insurance.

PMID- 978010
TI  - New medical liability data is emerging.

PMID- 978011
TI  - Examination of the alleged rape victim.

PMID- 978012
TI  - A marketing orientation to CME, or, what'll you have?

PMID- 978013
TI  - Monitoring intravascular pressure: Swan-Ganz catheterization.

PMID- 978014
TI  - Brucellosis: localized pulmonary nodule due to Brucella suis.

PMID- 978015
TI  - G-suits and shock: a non-invasive transfusion technique.

PMID- 978016
TI  - Subdural hematoma scans: accuracy of radioisotope brain scan.

PMID- 978017
TI  - Patient induced malfunction: the pacemaker flip-flop syndrome.

PMID- 978018
TI  - Cancer data service: stomach carcinoma distantly metastatic at diagnosis, 1945
      1974.

PMID- 978019
TI  - Case reports: unrecognized oviduct pregnancy and therapeutic abortion by uterine
      aspiration.

PMID- 978020
TI  - Medical records: ownership and release.

PMID- 978021
TI  - Trauma. Injuries to the stapes.

PMID- 978022
TI  - Acute renal failure. An analysis of eighty patients requiring hemodialysis.

PMID- 978023
TI  - Weight reduction. Gastric plication for morbid obesity.

PMID- 978024
TI  - Emphysema + bronchitis = disaster. The course of severe COPD.

PMID- 978025
TI  - The sugar connection. Reactive hypoglycemias and immunoreactive insulin assay.

PMID- 978026
TI  - Musculoskeletal trauma. Systemic effects.

PMID- 978027
TI  - Clinical measurement. The thermodilution method.

PMID- 978028
TI  - Asthma and aerosol steroids. Treatment of asthma with triamcinolone acetonide.

PMID- 978029
TI  - Surgeon's armamentarium. Flexible fiberoptics.

PMID- 978030
TI  - Leprosy in Kansas.

PMID- 978031
TI  - Fiberoptic colonoscopy.

PMID- 978032
TI  - President's address: the best of precious things.

PMID- 978033
TI  - Right cervical aortic arch and aortic stenosis: a case report.

PMID- 978034
TI  - Mediastinal tumors: II. Anterior mediastinal thymoma.

PMID- 978035
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month: Orthostatic tachycardia.

PMID- 978036
TI  - Who are to be the leaders in medical excellence.

PMID- 978037
TI  - Effect of alveolar lining material on phagocytic and bactericidal activity of
      lung macrophages against Staphylococcus aureau.
AB  - Unstimulated rabbits were sacrificed and their lungs washed with heparinized
      saline. After alveolar macrophages were harvested, the cell-free lavage fluid was
      centrifuged at 47,000 X g to recover a small, whitish, surface-active pellet (F
      fraction.) The supernatant was concentrated 15-fold by vacuum dialysis (P
      fraction). Alveolar macrophages in a serum-free system were challenged with
      radiolabeled (32P) Staphylococcus aureus preincubated in either balanced salt
      solution or F or P fraction. A small increase in alveolar macrophage bacterial
      uptake occurred with P fraction-treated staphylococci. P fraction from locally
      immunized animals further enhanced phagocytosis. In bactericidial experiments,
      alveolar macrophages were allowed to phagocytize staphylococci preincubated in
      either balanced salt solution or F fraction. Intracellular bactericidal activity
      of alveolar macrophages was quantitated by lysotaphin lysis of extracellular
      bacteria and quantitation of viable intracellular bacteria. Enhanced lung
      macrophage bactericidal activity against F fraction-incubated staphylococci was
      noted.

PMID- 978038
TI  - Mechanism of the increased splenic erythropoiesis in mice treated with estradiol
      benzoate.
AB  - Pharmacological doses of estrogens induce osteosclerosis of the bone marrow, and
      depress colony-forming units (CFU's) and platelet and leukocyte counts in mice. A
      compensatoryincreasts in mice. A compensatory increase in splenic erythropoiesis
      prevents a fall in the hematocrit. The mechanism of this compensation was
      investigated as follows, BDF1 female mice were injected subcutaneously thrice
      weekly for 6 weeks wiht 50 mugg of estradiol benzoate (EB) or sesame oil (SO).
      Subsequently the hematocrit, red cell mass (RCM), and 4 hour per cent of 59Fe
      uptake into the femurs and spleens were determined in groups of five mice for 4
      consecutive days. The RCM and hematocrit were not significantly different in the
      two groups. The per cent of 59Fe uptake into the femurs of EB-treated mice was
      less than 30 per cent of that in SO-treated mice and the per cent of 59Fe uptake
      into the spleens of EB mice was more than two times that in SO mice. To ascertain
      whether the increase in plenic erythropoiesis resulted from an increase in the
      number of splenic erythropoietin-responsive cells (ERC), the 4 hours per cent
      59Fe uptake into the spleen was determined in continuously hypertransfused EB and
      SO mice injected with erythropoietin (Ep). Whereas hypertransfuction depressed
      the splenic per cent of 59Fe uptake in EB and SO mice equally, injection of Ep
      increased the per cent of 59Fe uptake into the spleens of of EB mice to greater
      than two times that of SO mice. Next, the plasma Ep level of mice injected with
      EB or SO for 2, 4, or 6 weeks was determined after exposure of the animals to
      hypoxia. Ep titers were greater than three times higher in EB mice than in SO
      mice, We conclude that at least two mechanisms act to cause the compensatory
      increase in splenic erythropoiesis after marrow suppression by EB: (1) the Ep
      levels rise and (2) the splenic ERC population increases. The latter is probably
      not due to the increased plasma Ep level because it also occurs in mice whose Ep
      production is suppressed by plethora.

PMID- 978039
TI  - Patterns of iron storage in dietary iron overload and idiopathic hemochromatosis.
AB  - Bone marrow iron stores rise in proportion to the total body iron store in
      dietary iron overload. The situation in the genetic disorder of idiopathic
      hemochromatosis is not as clear. A method for measuring the storage iron
      concentration chemically on samples of bone marrow obtained by trephine needle
      biopsy was therefore developed. Its value as a measure of tissue iron stores was
      established in a preliminary investigation in which specimens of liver, spleen,
      and bone marrow were obtained at necropsies on 66 South African Negroes among
      whom dietary iron overload is common. A wide range of nonheme iron concentrations
      was found, but in each individual there was a highly significant correlation
      between the concentrations in the three tissues. Nonheme iron concentrations were
      then determined on trephine bone marrow biopsy specimens from eight Caucasian
      patients with untreated idiopathic hemochromatosis, and on percutaneous liver
      biopsy specimens from four of them. The concentrations in the livers were in the
      anticipated range of 5,000 mug per gram wet weight (2 per cent dry weight). In
      contrast the geometric mean value for bone marrow iron concentration was 186 mug
      per gram wet weight, a figure that fell below the fiftieth percentile for marrow
      iron concentrations in the South African Negroes, whereas the geometric mean
      liver iron concentration was above the ninetieth percentile. These findings
      indicate that subjects with idiopathic hemochromatosis whose liver iron stores
      are grossly increased do not show a comparable rise in bone marrow iron stores.

PMID- 978040
TI  - Cholesterol dynamics in autoimmune hyperlipidemia.
AB  - A 69-year-old white male with autoimmune hyperlipidemia for 19 years
      characterized by high serum levels (1,5000 to 3,400 mg. per deciliter) of IgA
      firmly bound to very-low- and low-density lipoproteins (serum total cholesterol
      852 +/- 51 mg./dl., free cholesterol 340 +/- 52, triglyceride 1638 +/- 411,
      phospholipid 934 +/- 84) received intravenously a tracer dose of cholesterol-4
      14C. Serum cholesterol specific activity was followed for 337 days and analyzed
      by two methods: (1) compartmental analysis which revealed the best fit of a two
      compartment model with rapidly exchangeable pool 710 gm. (2,563 per cent of the
      mean of 15 normal subjects), slowly exchangeable pool 317 gm. (651 per cent),
      mean transit time 92.5 days (167 per cent), turnover rate 9.23 gm. per day (654
      per cent), and excretory coefficient 0.013 (25 per cent); (2) a simulated five
      compartment model involving serum free, esterified, red blood cell, and rapidly
      and slowly exchangeable tissue cholesterols for which pool sizes of 17, 25, 2.4,
      674, and 350 gm., respectively, were calculated and a turnover rate of 9.44
      gm./day agreed well with that of the two-compartment model. The extreme
      hyperlipoproteinemia and expanded body cholesterol pools were primarily due to
      the impairment of feedback control of cholesterol synthesis as a consequence of
      the complexing of lipoprotein and IgA.

PMID- 978041
TI  - Reversible neutrophil defect in patients with bacterial endocarditis.
AB  - The bactericidal capacities of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear neukocytes (PMN)
      from five untreated adults with bacterial endocarditis (BE), eight untreated
      patients with other forms of acute bacterial infection (ABI), and fourteen drug
      free uniinfected normal subjects (NS) were compared with a new technique that
      uses five increasing bacteria-to-neutrophil ratios ranging from 1.25 to 100
      Staphylococcus aureus per neutrophil. PMN from uninfected NS or untreated
      patients with ABI demonstrated a similar and reproducible ability to kill
      increasing numbers of S. aureus in 8 per cent normal serum. In contrast, the
      bactericidal activities of the PMN from untreated patients with BE were
      significantly depressed and the defect was more apparent at high ratios.
      Neutrophils from some of these individuals had decreased bactericidal action only
      at high ratios, indicating a quantitative type of neutrophil defect. There was no
      morphologic deficiency in the uptake of bacteria by BE neutrophils and comparable
      rates of glucose [-1-14C] oxidation were found in BE and control neutrophils
      stimulated with various ratios of heat-killed bacteria. Therefore, the observed
      abnormality appeared to be that of intracellular killing rather than of
      ingestion. The proportions of bacteria killed by the MN of untreated patients
      with BE improved after antibiotic treatment and became equal to those of NS or
      untreated ABI patients. This rapid return to normal bactericidal function by the
      PMN during treatment indicates that the prior deficiency was an acquired
      consequence of the infectious process of BE.

PMID- 978042
TI  - Severe staphylococcal disease associated with allergic manifestations,
      hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, and defective neutrophil chemotaxis.
AB  - Neutrophil granulocyte function was determined in three patients with systemic
      staphylococcal infection, clinical manifestations of generalized allergic
      disease, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Each of the patients had urticarial skin
      rashes before or at the time of development of staphylococcal suppurative
      lymphadenitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Neutrophil chemotaxis, random migration,
      phagocytosis, and bactericidal capacity were assessed to determine if an
      abnormality in these functions might have contributed to the development of
      severe staphylococcal infections. Each of the three patients with generalized
      urticaria was found to have a marked defect in neutrophil chemotaxis. The mean
      chemotactic index of the patients was 12 +/- 4, whereas that of 20 controls was
      72 +/- 11. Neutrophil random migration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal capacity
      were normal in each patient. The serum or plasma of the patients did not inhibit
      chemotaxis of control neutrophils and did not contain an increased concentration
      of the chemotactic-factor inactivator found in normal serum. Treatment of the
      neutrophils of these three patients with the competitive histamine H2 receptor
      blocking agent, burimamide, produced a significant increase in chemotactic
      responsiveness. These studies suggest the possibility of pharmacologic
      modification of neutrophil granulocyte function.

PMID- 978043
TI  - Effects of varying sodium intake on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system
      in subtotally nephrectomized rats.
AB  - In rats in which the renal mass had been reduced by 70 per cent, the effects of
      varying sodium intake on blood pressure, serum electrolytes, renin-angiotensin
      system, and some other parameters that were modified simultaneously were studied.
      Within 4 weeks, a high sodium diet (750 mEa. per kilogram) resulted in marked
      hypertension, whereas a standard sodium diet (150 mEq. per kilogram) elevated the
      blood pressure only slightly. A low sodium diet (less than 0.2 mEq. per kilogram)
      prevented the rise in blood pressure. In the hypertensive group, the hematocrit
      values were markedly decreased, indicating the expansion of extracellular and
      intravascular spaces. The compensatory renal hypertrophy was accelerated by the
      high sodium diet and retarded during restriction. During low sodium intake, the
      serum concentration of sodium was diminished and that of potassium elevated.
      During the high sodium diet, the sodium concentration was unchanged, but the
      potassium concentration was decreased. Subtotal nephrectomy diminished the plasma
      angiotensin II concentration, and the renin content of the kidney remnant was
      lower than that of the kidneys from control animals. Sodium restriction
      stimulated the renin angiotensin system markedly, whereas high sodium intake
      suppressed it. After subtotal nephrectomy, elevation of blood pressure, renal
      hypertrophy, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin system are closely related
      to sodium intake.

PMID- 978044
TI  - Plasmic degradation of fibrinogen Paris I.
AB  - Fibrin obtained from the plasma of a patient having abnormal fibrogen Paris I
      contains normal alpha, beta, and gamma polypeptide chains as well as an abnormal
      gamma-chain (gammaParis I) of approximately 51,000 daltons molecular weight.
      Plasmic digestion of Paris I fibrogen and noncrosslinked fibrin yields both
      normal and abnormal Fragment D molecules, the latter having a higher negative
      charge and molecular weight than that liberated from normal fibrinogen and
      noncorsslinked fibrin. After disulfide bond reduction, an abnormal polypeptide
      chain of approximately 40,500 +/- 2,000 daltons molecular weight was demonstrated
      in the Paris I digests by dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Comparison with the electrophoretic pattern for reduced digests
      of normal substrates indicates that it is a gamma-chain remnant in the normal
      Fragment D. Although the carbohydrate content in the gamma-Paris I-chain is
      slightly higher than that in the normal gamma-chain, as measured by periodic acid
      Schiff reagent (PAS) staining intensity, it is concluded that extra carbohydrate
      does not account for the high molecular weight of the gamma-Paris I-chain since
      the 40,500 dalton chain does not stain with PAS. Plasma digestion of Paris I
      crosslinked fibrin yields a large amount of Fragment D in addition to Fragment D
      D ("D-dimer") and E molecules, in contrast to a digest of normal crosslinked
      fibrin, from which only the latter two fragments are formed. This finding
      suggests that the defect in fibrinogen Paris I derives from an abnormality in the
      carboxy-terminal region of the gammaParis I-chain, so that in the presence of
      Factor XIII, these chains are not crosslinked and Fragment D-D molecules are not
      liberated upon subsequent plasmic degradation. The data provide support for the
      previous conclusion that a longer than normal polypeptide chain sequence at the
      carboxy-terminal portion of the gammaParis I-chains accounts for the increased
      size of these chains relative to the normal gamma-chains and for the abnormal
      function of the intact fibrinogen Paris I molecule.

PMID- 978045
TI  - Evaluation of a new automatic device for taking and recording blood pressures.
AB  - A new instrument capable of recording systolic and diastolic blood pressure
      automatically and repetitively is described, and its accuracy is shown to be
      equal to that obtained by a carefully trained observer among 53 patients with
      different levels of blood pressure. The instrument (BosoMat) is also shown to be
      more accurate than two others available, namely, the Arteriosonde Model 1213 and
      the SphygmoStat Model B-300. The standard deviation among three consecutive blood
      pressures on the same patient as determined by the new instrument or by the nurse
      using traditional methods is shown to be approximately 4 mm. Hg.

PMID- 978046
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on total body calcium in rats.
AB  - Administration of 5 mg. of hydrocortisone acetate to rats every other day for 2
      weeks resulted in growth retardation and weight loss as indicated by body weights
      of experimental animals, which averaged 33 per cent lower than those of the
      controls, and a significant decrease in the length of the tibiae and femurs (p
      less than 0.01 for treated vs controls). However, despite the smaller size of the
      treated animals, the values for total body calcium (TBCa) and the calcium in the
      tibia and femur did not differ significantly from control values. Thus, there was
      more calcium per unit length of bone, resulting in an increase in the skeletal
      density of treated rats. This finding was confirmed by x-ray examination of these
      bones. The net intestinal absorption of calcium (rate of initial entry)
      calculated from plasma levels following an oral and intravenous dose of 47Ca and
      85Sr, respectively, was not significantly different in hydrocortisone-treated
      rats compared to controls. This would indicate that the rate of intestinal
      absorption of calcium is unimpaired despite the administration of massive doses
      and corticosteroids. When the animals were placed on a calcium-deficient diet,
      both TBCa and tibia and femur calcium levels were decreased. Subsequent
      administration and hydrocortisone did not alter the calcium values. The results
      of this study are compatible with the hypothesis that hydrocortisone promotes
      weight loss, retards growth, but inhibits the rate of bone resorption.

PMID- 978047
TI  - The dexamethasone-modified adrenal scintiscan in hyporeninemic aldosteronism
      (tumor versus hyperplasia). A comparison with adrenal venography and adrenal
      venous aldosterone.
AB  - The dexamethasone-modified adrenal scintiscan, a noninvasive procedure, is
      described for the preoperative distinction between primary aldosteronism
      (aldosterone-producing ademona) and idiopathic aldosteronism (bilateral
      hyperplasia) and for the preoperative localization of aldostersone-producing
      adenomas. This procedure has been carried out on 17 subsequently proved cases of
      primary aldosteronism and nine cases (four unexplored) of idiopathic
      aldosteronism. In the tumor cases, it indicated correctly the side of the tumor
      in 88 per cent. It was correct in predicting the existence of bilateral
      hyperplasia in all of the five cases explored. It produced the same response in
      four more cases believed to have bilateral hyperplasia, in which surgical
      exploration has not been carried out. Many of the same patients had, in addition,
      standard adrenal scintiscans (SS), adrenal venography, and determinations of
      aldosterone in adrenal venous blood. These results are compared with those of the
      dexamethasone scintiscan (DS). In tumor localization, the 88 per cent figure for
      the DS was only moderately better than that of the other three (71 per cent, SS;
      80 per cent, venography; 80 per cent, adrenal venous aldosterone levels).
      However, in predicting bilateral hyperplasia, the DS was 100 per cent correct, as
      were the levels of aldosterone in adrenal venous blood. The SS and adrenal
      venography failed in bilateral hyperplasia and gave many false-positive results
      indicating tumor. The DS, a relatively simple outpatient procedure, appears to be
      at least as effective, both in lateralizing tumors and distinguishing between
      tumor and bilateral hyperplasia, as the more difficult, expensive, and sometimes
      hazardous invasive procedure of bilateral adrenal vein catheterization.

PMID- 978048
TI  - Measurement of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in bile. II. A new thin
      layer chromatographic method.
AB  - A new thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method is described for measurement of
      conjugated (CB) and unconjugated (UCB) bilirubin in bile. Bile is streaked on a
      silica-gel plate and developed with chloroform. Bilirubin in the mobile UCB band
      and stationary CB band is quantitated by diazotization from the scraped gel with
      p-iodoaniline reagent. Both CB and UCB in bile yielded identical azopigment
      absorbance. There was no contamination of the UBC band with either CB or
      oxidative derivatives of bilirubin, and over 98 per cent added 14C-UBC migrated
      with the mobile band. Recoveries from TLC averaged 98.2 +/- 4.3 per cent of the
      applied pigment, duplicated agreed within 10 per cent, and the method accurately
      detected the enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis of CB to UCB. Concentrations of
      UCB in nine samples of normal human gallbladder bile were found to be less than
      1.9 mg./dl. and never exceeded 1.2 per cent of the total bilirubin.

PMID- 978049
TI  - Whole blood microculture assay of human lymphocyte function.
AB  - A whole blood microculture assay is described for measuring lymphocyte reactivity
      to mitogenic and antigenic stimulants. This assay employs heparinized whole
      blood, serum-free culture medium, microtiter plates, and a Multiple Automated
      Sample Harvester (MASH). When this assay is compared to other leukocyte assays,
      its major advantages include (1) the utilization of fewer lymphocytes per
      microculture, thuus reducing the amount of blood required per test while
      increasing the number of test agents and replicate cultures which can be employed
      in any given experiment; (2) the conservation of mitogens, antigens, drugs,
      enzymes, hormones, lymphokines, and other test agents, some of which are either
      expensive of difficult to prepare in large quantities; (3) the elimination of
      lymphocyte isolation and purification procedures which may disrupt the relative
      proportion of T cells, B cells and antigen-processing cells; and (4) the
      application of an automated harvester which simplifies and expedites procedures
      required for processing cells for liquid scintillation counting.

PMID- 978050
TI  - The Neonatal Intensive Care Center.

PMID- 978051
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica.

PMID- 978052
TI  - Teenage pregnancy.

PMID- 978053
TI  - Life and death decisions in rheumatology.

PMID- 978054
TI  - Generalized skin eruptions during radiation therapy.

PMID- 978055
TI  - Drug induced hypoglycemia and hypothermia.

PMID- 978056
TI  - Hypertension control in rural Maine. Franklin County high blood pressure program.

PMID- 978057
TI  - Updating of the family practitioner's training. (A customized postgraduate
      program at the Maine Medical Center).

PMID- 978058
TI  - Trends in education in York County.

PMID- 978059
TI  - Effective blood pressure reduction and diuresis with metolazone.

PMID- 978060
TI  - New trends in the management of adult acute leukemia.

PMID- 978061
TI  - Common pitfalls of perfusion lung scan interpretation.

PMID- 978062
TI  - The S-T segment-help or hindrance?

PMID- 978063
TI  - Can deaths from cancer of the cervix be reduced in Georgia?

PMID- 978064
TI  - Peer Review Committee sets guidelines for utilization control of prescribed
      medication.

PMID- 978065
TI  - Diarrhea.

PMID- 978066
TI  - Come fly with me.

PMID- 978067
TI  - Neck masses: diagnosis & treatment. (The occult primary tumor).

PMID- 978068
TI  - What can you do to make your fellow physicians' lives easier.

PMID- 978069
TI  - Medical grand rounds. Alcoholic hepatitis.

PMID- 978070
TI  - Primary cutaneous amyloidosis : clinical, histological, histochemical
      immunofluorescent and peroxidase studies of 134 cases in 2 years.

PMID- 978071
TI  - Post--mortem heart blood culture.

PMID- 978072
TI  - Congenital anomalies in early neonatal period.

PMID- 978073
TI  - The frequency of familial type II hyperlipoproteinaemia among Thai: a study in 1
      070 umbilical cord--blood.

PMID- 978074
TI  - Coxsackie group b virus and acquired valvular heart disease in children.

PMID- 978075
TI  - The use of pre--test and post--test in measuring cognitive knowledge in pediatric
      clerkships.

PMID- 978076
TI  - Subacute encephalomeningitis strictly involving the brain stem and diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 978077
TI  - Surgery in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 978078
TI  - Progress in magnetocardiography.

PMID- 978079
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac hemodynamics in patients with myocardial
      infarction. Comparison of the acute and post-hospitalization phases.
AB  - Sixty-six patients with myocardial infarction (MI) were studied during the acute
      hospital phase and during the six months after hospital discharge. The clinical
      characteristics, location of infarction, and data from right heart
      catheterization were studied in an attempt to determine what factors were
      associated with ventricular rhythm disturbance. Those patients with serious
      ventricular arrhythmias (SVA) in the acute phase of infarction were found to have
      a significantly greater degree of myocardial dysfunction as measured by pulmonary
      artery and pulmonary wedge pressure than patients with more normal rhythm (p less
      than .05). Clinical classification of patients and location of infarction were
      not helpful in predicting SVA during the acute infarction period. Knowledge of
      hemodynamic data, presence of SVA and clinical characteristics in the acute
      infarction period were of no value in predicting the occurrence of SVA after
      hospital discharge patients having had an acute diaphragmatic infarction were
      found to have a higher incidence of SVA after hospital discharge.

PMID- 978080
TI  - Differences between supine and sitting Frank-lead electrocardiograms.
AB  - Frank-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded from 59 adult males with
      suspected coronary artery disease. Three records were recorded consecutively on
      frequency modulated tape for each patient in (1) supine position, (2) sitting
      position with arms relaxed, and (3) sitting position on bicycle with arms on
      bicycle handles. Electrodes were applied at the level of the fifth intercostal
      space with patients in the sitting position. Computer measurements of
      electrocardiographic amplitudes were averaged over ten seconds of each record
      with these results: (1) QRS spatial amplitudes and R amplitudes in lead z were
      significantly higher and R amplitudes in lead y lower for sitting than for supine
      positions. (2) Except for slightly higher R and S amplitudes in lead x for
      sitting with arms on bicycle, no significant differences were observed between
      the two sitting positions. (3) These postural differences are significantly
      greater than those resulting from day-to-day variability of electrode locations.
      It is hypothesized that electrode level shifts with postural changes are
      responsible for the observed x- and z-lead changes. For the y-lead changes, it is
      hypothesized that shifting blood volumes with postural changes are the cause. It
      is concluded that reference electrocardiographic measurements for stress testing
      should be obtained from resting ECGs with the patient in the same postural
      position as that maintained during exercise.

PMID- 978081
TI  - Polarcardiographic criteria for myocardial infarction in Chinese men.
AB  - Polarcardiograms (PCG) derived from xyz leads of the Frank electrocardiogram
      (ECG) were recorded in the supine position in 1264 initially healthy middle-aged
      Chinese men who had been under continuing medical surveillance and were re
      examined seven years later. Polarcardiographic criteria for myocardial infarction
      (MI) were demonstrated in 97 men (7.7%), but only 15 of them showed diagnostic Q
      waves in the electrocardiogram (ECG). Polarcardiographic criteria for MI were
      independent of age, but ranged from 4.3% in 464 apparently normal men to 38% in
      21 men with manifestations of ischemic heart disease. The possible association of
      polarcardiographic criteria and a history of smoking was limited to those with
      clinical evidence of heart disease. The "false positive" rate of 4.3% in
      clinically normal men was similar to that reported in younger Canadians and in
      Cretan population samples.

PMID- 978082
TI  - Precordial ST-segment mapping. 4. Experience with mapping of ST-segment
      depression in anterior transmural myocardial infarction.
AB  - In order to assess the relative significance of precordial ST-segment elevations
      and depressions, 32 patients with anterior transmural myocardial infarction were
      studied utilizing serial 49-lead precordial maps. Theoretically, zones of ST
      segment depression adjacent to major zones of ST-segment elevation might
      represent border areas of mild ischemia, and hence could be more readily amenable
      to intervention therapy. As expected, an extensive zone of ST-segment elevation
      was observed precordially in each of these patients. However, zones of ST-segment
      depression in adjacent areas were noted to occur inconsistently, were limited in
      distribution and magnitude, and bore no fixed relationship to zones of ST-segment
      elevation. Thus, mapping of precordial ST-segment depression in anterior
      transmural infarction probably has a limited role in assessing evolution of
      ischemic injury or therapy in these patients. This finding does not, however,
      vitiate the significance of ST-segment depressions in angina, intermediate
      coronary syndrome, or non-transmural infarction, conditions which may deserve
      further study using mapping techniques.

PMID- 978083
TI  - Precise "one line" measurement of intracardiac electrograms.
AB  - Atrioventricular nodal (A-H) and infranodal (H-Q) conduction times were
      determined in 22 patients undergoing intracardiac electrophysiologic studies.
      These measurements were determined independently both on line from a digital
      oscilloscope and from paper recordings at a rate of 100 mm/sec. There was no
      significant difference and excellent correlation between mean A-H (91.39 +/- 29
      versus 95.44 +/- 32 msec) and H-Q (53.48 +/- 14 versus 50.52 +/- 15 msec)
      intervals determined by these two methods. The digital oscilloscope enables
      virtually instantaneous highly accurate (+/- 1 msec) timing of intracardiac
      events and rapid and more efficient processing of data. Potential applications
      during electrophysiologic studies include precise monitoring of drug effects on
      atrioventricular conduction and refractoriness, on line analyses of complex
      rhythm disturbances, and ready storage of data for computer retrieval and
      analyses.

PMID- 978084
TI  - The effect of adrenergic enhancement on overdrive excitation.
AB  - The effect of adrenergic enhancement (stimulation of a stellate ganglion or
      administration of norepinephrine) on arrhythmias induced by ventricular overdrive
      ("overdirve excitation") was studied in dogs with complete atrioventricular
      block. The following results were obtained. (1) Adrenergic enhancement may lead
      to abnormal ventricular rhythms. (2) A brief drive during adrenergic enhancement
      induced or enhanced fast ventricular rhythms. (3) The induced rhythms were
      characterized by an abrupt onset, a fast rate of discharge, and a moderate degree
      of slowing before an abrupt cessation. (4) The induced rhythms were accelerated
      by further drive. (5) Increasing the duration of overdrive during adrenergic
      enhancement resulted in overdrive suppression and not in overdrive excitation.
      (6) Prolonged drive could induce a few beats (instead of suppression) but at a
      rate below control ("inhibited excitation"). (7) The arrhythmogenic effects of
      overdrive and adrenergic enhancement were potentiated by the simultaneous
      administration of calcium. It is concluded that interventions which increase the
      inward calcium current (overdrive, adrenergic enhancement and higher [Ca]o) favor
      the onset and the maintenance of overdrive excitation.

PMID- 978085
TI  - The relation of activation boundary size to body surface QRS potential sum.
AB  - The relations of QRS amplitude sums to activation boundary size at two instants
      was evaluated in five normal subjects. In each subject, QRS amplitude sums from
      192 simultaneously recorded torso electrocardiograms and from 35 leads from the
      precordial area only were obtained 10 and 15 msec after the QRS onset. Activation
      boundary size at these instants was taken from published studies of ventricular
      excitation sequence in the human heart. The relative size of
      electrocargiographically effective boundaries at 10 and 15 msec and the measured
      QRS amplitude sum at 10 msec were used to predict expected QRS amplitude sums at
      15 msec. Differences between the predicted and measured QRS amplitude sums at 15
      msec constitute an estimate of error in determining cardiac source size from its
      expressions in the body surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Results demonstrated a
      more consistent relation of activation boundary size to QRS sums from the 192
      than from the 35 electrode array. Indirectly the results suggest summed ST
      segment displacement from the larger array of electrodes would be more
      consistently related to the extent or severity of myocardial injury than an ST
      segment displacement sum based on 35 precordial leads. Finally, the findings
      suggested that the absolute sum of an electrocardiographic measurement such as ST
      segment displacement would provide a better index of lesion size than ST
      elevation or depression only.

PMID- 978086
TI  - Right atrial versus left atrial echo zones: a proposed new criterion for
      determining the atrial site of retrograde preexcitation.
AB  - In a patient whose electrocardiogram (ECG) initially (1966) showed a Type A Wolff
      Parkinson-White pattern, recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) developed
      but never subsequently showed antegrade bypass conduction. Intracardiac pacing
      studies (1975) revealed that premature high right atrial (induced 250-450 msec
      after atrial depolarization) or coronary sinus depolarization (250-550 msec)
      resulted in SVT. Late coronary sinus depolarization resulted in SVT without A-H
      prolongation. During SVT, P wave morphology changed and the coronary sinus atrial
      electrogram preceded that from the low right atrium; retrograde ventriculoatrial
      conduction time was 240 msec. Neither pacing the high right atrium or coronary
      sinus up to rates of 200 beats/min nor progressive atrial premature
      depolarizations from the high right atrium or coronary sinus resulted in
      antegrade bypass conduction. Failure of antegrade bypass conduction does not
      preclude SVT due to retrograde preexcitation and must be distinguished from
      atrioventricular (A-V) nodal reentry. Atrial effective refractory period (200
      msec) was shorter than the minimal time required for an atrial impulse to return
      to the atrium (380 msec), suggesting concealed antegrade bypass conduction.
      Stimulation of the atrium linked to the A-V bypass results in earlier bypass
      activation and recovery and explains the differing high right atrial vs coronary
      sinus echo zones.

PMID- 978087
TI  - An unusual mechanism of arrhythmia production.
AB  - An unusual electrocardiogram (ECG) is presented which demonstrates two mechanisms
      of communication between the atria and the ventricles. The first appears to
      reflect ordinary atrio-ventricular impulse propagation. The second appears likely
      to represent stimulation of the ventricles by mechanical atrial systole.

PMID- 978088
TI  - Diagnosis of high anterolateral and true posterior myocardial infarction by chest
      wall ECG-mapping.
AB  - Precordial and posterior chest wall ST-mapping has been utilized in a patient
      with high anterolateral and true posterior myocardial infarction. In this patient
      evolution of the anterolateral component of the infarct was accurately delineated
      by changes in the precordial map which were not detected in the standard
      precordial leads. The true posterior component of the infarct was clearly
      diagnosed by detection of pathological Q waves and ST elevations in posterior
      chest wall maps, whereas right precordial standard leads had shown only
      suggestive reciprocal changes. The study illustrates the superiority of localized
      chest wall mapping over conventional 12-lead electrocardiography in detecting
      transmural infarction in high anterolateral and posterior regions of the left
      ventricle.

PMID- 978089
TI  - Idioventricular parasystolic rhythms.
AB  - A description is given of the electrocardiograms of three subjects with
      artificial demand pacemakers in whom no inhibition of the idioventricular rhythms
      occurs, thus causing unusual relationships between the artificial and the
      spontaneous rhythms. The latter are protected and therefore appear to be
      parasystolic. In the first two cases, interpolated artificial beats are inscribed
      in the spontaneous rhythm. In the third case, the spontaneous parasystole is
      intermittent and alternates with concealed extrasystolic beats originating in the
      same focus.

PMID- 978090
TI  - A simple method for the routine recording of precordial electrocardiographic
      leads in infants.

PMID- 978091
TI  - Primary ST and T wave abnormalities in the diagnosis of acute anterior myocardial
      infarction during permanent ventricular pacing.
AB  - The electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with
      ventricular pacemakers is often difficult. This report describes the
      electrocardiograms of two patients with permanent ventricular pacemakers in whom
      the diagnosis of acute anterior myocardial infarction could be made with
      confidence by observing the evolution of primary ST and T wave abnormalities in
      the absence of specific QRS changes.

PMID- 978093
TI  - Congenital or acquired A-V block.

PMID- 978092
TI  - Early evaluation of a rechargeable pacemaker system.
AB  - A rechargeable demand pulse generator for permanent transvenous cardiac pacing
      was evaluated in 66 patients. During a cumulative follow-up period of 895 patient
      months there was no instance of failure of either the pulse generator or of the
      recharging circuit. Acceptance of the recharging concept was high, there being
      only one patient in whom it was necessary to replace the rechargeable generator
      because of inability to master the recharging technique. The early findings
      indicate that with proper patient selection the rechargeable pulse generator
      promises to be an important contribution to pacemaker therapy.

PMID- 978094
TI  - Part II: magnetic field produced by a current dipole.
AB  - To understand the MCG, electrical models of the heart must be used in which the
      basic building-block is usually the current dipole. The dipole's magnetic field
      is generally made up of two parts: 1. the contribution by the dipole element
      itself, which is mathematically simple; 2. the contribution by the current
      generated in the volume conductor by the dipole, which is complicated and depends
      on the boundaries; for special boundaries this contribution is zero to Bz, the
      component of magnetic field which is normal to the boundary. This applies to the
      boundaries of the semi-infinite volume conductor, the infinite slab, and the
      sphere. This property allows great simplification in solving the magnetic forward
      and inverse problems. Because of its importance, it is proven with electrolytic
      tank experiments. Based on this property, a method is presented for estimating
      the presence of those dipole combinations which produce a suppressed surface
      potential; it consists of a visual examination of an "arrow" display of Bz.

PMID- 978095
TI  - Part III: the effect of the torso boundaries on the magnetocardiogram.
AB  - The magnetic field produced by a current dipole is made up of two parts: the
      field from the dipole element, and from the current generated by the dipole in
      the volume conductor. It was previously shown for the semi-infinite volume
      conductor, infinite slab, and the sphere that the volume-current contribution is
      zero to the component of magnetic field which is normal to the boundary. The
      volume conductor in the form of the human torso is here investigated by computer
      simulation. Three different heart-torso models are used. The contribution to the
      normal field component (Bn) by the volume current (via the boundaries) and by the
      heart dipoles are computed. For comparison, the boundary contribution to the
      surface potential (V) is also computed. For Bn the three models yield a ratio of
      boundary to dipole contribution in the same range, with 0.28 as the average.
      Simple subtractions can make this ratio negligible. For V the equivalent ratio is
      somewhat greater. The arrow map, developed previously to display Bn over special
      surfaces, is shown to be valid for the human torso, for visually estimating the
      heart dipoles.

PMID- 978096
TI  - Part IV: visual determination of generators of the magnetocardiogram.
AB  - Previously it was shown that Bn, the component of the heart's magnetic field
      which is normal to the chest, is in large part produced directly by the
      generators in the heart; the volume-current (or boundary) contribution to Bn is
      relatively small. It was also shown that the distribution of Bn across the chest
      could be displayed as an arrow map which visually reveals the underlying dipole
      sources, in particular those dipole combinations which produce suppresed surface
      potentials but undiminished Bn. Arrow maps of two normal and one abnormal heart
      subject are here presented. The purpose is to demonstrate that the generators of
      the MCG can be coarsely estimated by visual inspection of these maps. The
      generators of the normal hearts are visually determined by comparing their arrow
      maps with those computed from the Cuffin-Selvester model. The generators of the
      abnormal heart are visually determined by trial-and-error, with the aid of a
      simple computing program. These examples are the first determinations, however
      approximate, of multi-dipole generators of the actual MCGs. Some possible new
      information is indicated.

PMID- 978097
TI  - Production of antisera against highly purified human follicle-stimulating
      hormone, luteinizing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone.
AB  - Antisera were produced in rabbits against highly purified preparations of human
      LH (2000 or 10,000 i.u./mg), human FSH (5500 i.u./mg), and human TSH (7-5
      i.u./mg). Most rabbits produced antisera of high titre and high avidity. Cross
      reactions were minimal between human TSH and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)
      and between human FSH and HCG but marked between human LH and HCG. TSH and FSH
      also showed a constant but relatively weak cross-reaction. LH cross-reacted with
      FSH to a higher degree than did HCG. The avidity of the antisera was high. It was
      concluded that much of the lack of specificity recorded for glycoprotein antisera
      are effects of impure immunogens. Some of the true cross-reactions are probably
      explained by shared antigenic determinants of the beta-subunits. Unadsorbed
      antisera could be used for assay of FSH and TSH in plasma from pregnant women.

PMID- 978098
TI  - Serum gonadotrophin levels during development in male, female and androgenized
      female rats and the effect of general disturbance on high luteinizing hormone
      levels.
AB  - Serum LH, FSH and prolactin levels were measured in blood samples which were
      obtained by decapitation from groups of female, neonatally androgenized female
      and male Wistar rats at 2-day intervals from birth to maturity. An increase in
      serum FSH levels was observed between 4 and 24 days of age in both the female and
      androgenized female groups, while a much later increase, between 28 and 44 days
      of age, occurred in the males. Serum prolactin contrast, serum LH levels were in
      general low in all three groups of animals, although very high levels (greater
      than 7 ng/ml) were recorded in 22 out of 168 females and 8 out of 192 males
      between 4 and 28 days of age, as well as in adult males; occasional high LH
      levels were also seen in the androgenized females. The nature of the high serum
      LH levels was investigated in anaesthetized and unanaesthetized immature females
      by serial blood sampling using a number of techniques. Unexpectedly, only three
      out of 58 animals had high LH levels: two of these showed an episodic form of LH
      release during which levels increased to peak values and then declined within a
      period of about 30 min. On investigation it was found that general disturbance
      within the 45 min before decapitation could inhibit high LH levels in females
      aged between 23 and 30 days.

PMID- 978099
TI  - Comparison between the binding of 19-nortestosterone, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      and testosterone in rat prostate and bulbocavernosus/levator ani muscle.
AB  - Specific binding of (3H)19-nortestosterone in the 100000 g cytosol of the rat
      bulbocavernosus/levator ani muscle (BCLA) and prostate was demonstrated by
      agargel electrophoresis at low temperature and compared qualitatively and
      quantitatively with the binding of tritiated testosterone and 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT). Both tissues showed a greater binding affinity
      for 5alpha-DHT than for 19-nortestosterone, with testosterone binding the least
      well of the three. The relative binding affinities in the BCLA and prostate were:
      19-nortestosterone:testosterone=1-4, 1.-nortestosterone: 5alpha-DHT = 0.7 The
      differences were statistically significant (P less than 0-02). The concentrations
      of receptor sites for 5alpha-DHT were 171 +/- 20 (S.D.) fmol/mg prostatic cytosol
      protein and 24 +/- 4 (S.D.) fmol/mg BCLA cytosol protein. The in-vitro metabolism
      of the three steroids in both tissues was aldo investigated by thin-layer
      chromatography. After incubating for 2 h at 0 degrees C the prostate was shown to
      reduce 26% of the 5alpha-DHT to androstanediols whilst the BCLA showed a 5%
      conversion. Testosterone was converted by the prostate to 5alpha-DHT (10%) and
      the androstanediols (6%) whilst the BCLA showed little activity in this respect.
      Comparing these in-vitro data with in-vivo findings from the literature, in both
      organs there is a positive correlation of the extent of binding in vitro to the
      stimulation of growth in vivo, bearing in mind that testosterone is metabolized
      to 5alpha-DHT in the prostate whilst in the BCLA, 5alpha-reductase is essentially
      absent.

PMID- 978100
TI  - Mammary nucleic acids and pituitary prolactin secretion during prolonged
      lactation in mice.
AB  - Lactation was prolonged until 61 days by repeated renewal of litters every week
      after day 12 in primiparous C3H/He strain mice. On days 12, 19, 40, and 61 of
      lactation, litters were removed for 5 h and after 1 h of resuckling the synthesis
      of DNA and RNA in the mammary gland was estimated by the incorporation of
      (3H)thymidine and (14C)uridine into mammary DNA and RNA in vitro respectively.
      Mammary nucleic acid content and pituitary and plasma levels of prolactin were
      also assayed. Nulliparous mice were similarly treated on day 19 of pregnancy. The
      percentage gain in litter weight per week was highest between days 5 and 12 of
      lactation, declined until days 26-33 and became steady thereafter. Mammary DNA
      synthesis was extremely high on day 19 of pregnancy, decreased on day 12 of
      lactation to less than one-fifteenth of that on day 19 of pregnancy and increased
      linearly therafter. Changes in mammary DNA content were not so marked, but DNA
      content was high on days 12 and 19 of lactation. RNA synthesis was highest on day
      19 of pregnancy, abruptly decreased on days 12 and 19 of lactation and increased
      again with the advance of lactation. Mammary RNA content, RNA:DNA and 14C:3H
      ratios increased from day 19 of pregnancy to days 12-19 of lactation and
      decreased on days 40 and 61. While the pituitary levels of prolactin were almost
      constant during lactation, they were significantly higher than those on day 19 of
      pregnancy. There were only slight differences in plasma prolactin levels at any
      stage.

PMID- 978101
TI  - Effects of oestradiol-18beta, hypophysectomy and age on cytoplasmic oestradiol
      17beta receptor sites in rat testis interstitial tissue.
AB  - After administration of oestradiol-17beta to intact mature and immature rats, a
      decrease in the testicular concentration of specific oestradiol-binding sites was
      observed within 1 h. The binding capacity was replenished starting about 3 h
      after oestradiol administration and after 5 h the oestrogen receptor level had
      returned to control values. Exposure of intact animals to oestradiol-17beta for
      longer periods (up to 24 h) did not result in an increase of receptor levels in
      testicular cytosol. Mature animals which were hypophysectomized for periods of up
      to 10 days did not show a significant change in the number of specific oestradiol
      binding sites in either total testicular tissue or dissected interstitial tissue.
      At 15 days or longer periods after hypophysectomy, an apparent increase in
      receptor concentrations in total testicular cytosol was observed due to a
      relative increase in the amount of interstitial tissue. A specific oestradiol
      binding protein is present in plasma of immature male rats aged less than 30
      days. This plasma protein could also be demonstrated in the cytosol of testes of
      immature rats. In contrast to the cytosol receptor, which shows a moderate
      affinity for diethylstilbestrol (DES), the plasma protein did not bind DES. The
      sedimentation values of the plasma protein and the oestradiol receptor were 4 S
      and 8 S respectively. These differences in characteristics made it possible to
      demonstrate the presence of the oestradiol receptor in addition to the binding
      protein in testicular cytosol of rats from 14 days of age onwards. The nuclear
      receptor for oestradiol-17beta could be demonstrated after incubation of
      testicular tissue of rats from 4 days of age onwards.

PMID- 978102
TI  - Lordosis behaviour in male, female and androgenized female rats.
AB  - Sex differences in the lordodis response of adult rats to ovarian hormones were
      studied in a series of experiments. Male rats were less sensitive to oestradiol
      benzoate (OB, a single injection of 10, 100 or 1000 mug/kg or seven daily
      injections of 2, 10, or 50mglkg)then were female rats.  Oestradiol benzoate
      primed (10 mglkg)female, but not male, rats showed dose-dependent responses to
      progesterone (0-4, 2-0 or 10-0 mg/kg/. male rats responded clearly to
      progesterone (2 mg/rat) only when primed with a high dose of OB (100 mug/rat).
      Display of the whole pattern of female sexual behaviour was induced in male rats
      by treatment with 100 mug OB and 2 mg progesterone. Female rats treated with 1 mg
      testosterone propionate (TP) on day 4 of life, ovariectomized as adults and
      tested under the same endocrine conditions as the rats described above, retained
      behavioural OB sensitivity but responded poorly to progesterone. Evidence is
      presented that ovarian secretions during development significantly modify the
      response of neonatally TP-treated and normal female rats to OB in adulthood.

PMID- 978103
TI  - Effect of the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen on plasma levels of luteinizing hormone,
      follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone in normal
      pre-menopausal women.
AB  - Plasma levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone were determined
      daily during two consecutive menstrual cycles in six women volunteers. During the
      first (control) cycle no treatment was given and normal secretion of these
      hormones was observed. Oral administration of tamoxifen (20 mg/day), for either 5
      or 10 days of the follicular phase of the second cycle, caused no change in
      either the overall length of the cycle or the time of occurrence of the mid-cycle
      gonadotrophin surge. There was little difference in the secretion of LH, FSH and
      progesterone during the control and test cycles. A two- to eight-fold increase in
      oestradiol levels was observed during test cycle which was most pronounced at the
      times of mid-cycle and mid-luteal hormone peaks. There was a significant decrease
      in plasma prolactin levels at mid-cycle but no real difference could be seen
      during the remainder of the cycle. The data suggest that tamoxifen may act
      directly on the ovary to stimulate oestradiol release without intermediary
      gonadotrophin stimulation. As the drug apparently inhibited prolactin secretion
      even in the presence of high oestradiol levels, an alternative explanation may be
      that the reduced prolactin concentration permits augmented ovarian stimulation by
      normal concentrations of gonadotrophins.

PMID- 978104
TI  - Selection for high and low adrenal weight in mice.
AB  - Four strains of mice were used to found a heterogenous stock from which one line
      was selected for high adrenal weight/100 g body weight. By the eighth generation
      of selection, two stocks of mice were produced, one with adrenals whose absolute
      weight was greater than any of the parental strains. The realized heritability
      estimates were 75% for females and 67% for males during the period of selection,
      showing that a large component of variation in adrenal weight was genetic in
      origin. Asymmetry in response to selection was also noticed and attributed to
      possible variation in adrenal structure between sexes. Estimates of variances in
      each generation, particularly the eighth, did not show any decline which
      suggested that further responses to selection would be possible with further
      selection.

PMID- 978105
TI  - Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone
      concentrations in pseudopregnant rats treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate.
AB  - Pseudopregnant rats were treated early in pseudopregnancy with 1 or 10 mg
      medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Serum FSH, LH and progesterone concentrations
      were determined on days 2-20 of pseudopregnancy in treated and control rats. The
      mean duration of pseudopregnancy was 13-5 days in the control animals, but when
      animals were treated with 1 mg MPA a dioestrous period of 21-4 days was observed.
      A period with leucocytic vaginal smears of at least 2 months was observed after
      treatment with 10 mg MPA. Injection with MPA on day 3 of pseudopregnancy did not
      affect the serum FSH concentrations during the subsequent days. The progesterone
      pattern was alike in the three groups of animals, i.e. the duration of the
      activity of the corpora lutea was similar in all groups. However, 10 mg MPA
      slightly lowered progesterone concentrations on days 4-8 of pseudopregnancy. In
      the saline-treated rats, LH concentrations decreased from days 2-5, and remained
      low until they increased after day 11 of pseudopregnancy. This increase was
      delayed until day 20 in the animals treated with 1 mg MPA, and was not observed
      in the animals treated with 10 mg MPA. It is argued that the increase of LH
      concentration at the end of pseudopregnency is not instrumental in the decrease
      of peripheral progesterone concentration but rather that the decrease in the
      progesterone concentration leads to the increase in the LH concentration.

PMID- 978106
TI  - Binding of human growth hormone to hepatic lactogenic binding sites: regulation
      by oestrogens and androgens.
AB  - The binding of 125I-labelled human growth hormone (HGH) to the 'lactogenic'
      binding sites of rat liver membranes has been shown to be highly dependent on the
      oestrogen and androgen status of the membranes has been shown to be highly
      dependent on the oestrogen and androgen status of the animal from which the
      membranes were prepared. Oestradiol treatment of either male or female rats
      induced a highly significant rise in HGH binding. The minimum effective dose used
      was 2-5 mug/day and the rise in HGH binding was apparent after 4 days of
      treatment. Folowing cessation of oestradiol treatment of male rats HGH binding
      declined with a half-time of approximately 9 days. In contrast to the stimulatory
      effect of oestrogen, treatment of female rats with testosterone propionate
      (minimum effective dose 100-200 mug/day) led to a marked reduction in HGH
      binding. The influence of both oestrogens and androgens was confirmed following
      the removal of endogenous sex steroids by adrenalectomy-ovariectomy of female
      rats and castration of male rats. Scratchard analysis showed that, with the
      possible exception of adrenalectomy-ovariectomy, all pharmacologically and
      physiologically induced changes in HGH specific binding reflected changes in
      binding site capacity; there were no changes in binding affinity. While earlier
      studies have indicated that the oestrogen effect is primarily indirect and is
      mediated by the pituitary gland, the mode of action of the androgens is currently
      unknown. The relatively slow response of HGH binding to hormonal changes would
      support an indirect action for both the sex steroids. The stimulatory effect of
      oestrogens and the inhibitory effect of androgens may provide an explanation for
      the marked sex difference in HGH binding to rat liver membranes.

PMID- 978107
TI  - Pre-ovulatory changes in steroidogenesis in ovaries from immature rats treated
      with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin.
AB  - The metabolism of progesterone in the 1000 g supernatant fraction of homogenates
      of ovaries from PMSG-treated immature rats was determined. As early as 52 h after
      a single injection of 50 i.u. PMSG, still before the LH surge, 5alpha-pregnane
      3alpha, 20alpha-diol was identified as the main metabolite, together with small
      quantities of 3alpha-hydroxy-kalpha-pregnan-20-one and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,
      17beta-diol. Similar incubations of untreated rat ovaries at the same age did not
      produce 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha, 20alpha-diol. The quantities of 3alpha-hydroxy
      5alpha-pregnan-20-one and 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 1mbeta-diol were reduced in
      PMSG-treated rat ovaries as compared with control ovaries. When progesterone
      metabolism was examined 64 h after PMSG administration, 5-7 h after the peak of
      LH surge but still before ovulation, 75% of the substrate was converted to 5alpha
      pregnane-3alpha, 20alpha-diol, while 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one as well
      as 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol could not be detected.

PMID- 978108
TI  - Stimulation of cell division in the endometrial epithelium of the rat by uterine
      distension.

PMID- 978109
TI  - Time course of glucose-induced increase in plasma insulin in the rat foetus in
      utero.

PMID- 978110
TI  - Biological effects of 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine in the rat.
AB  - From the differences in radiation profiles between 131I and 125I isotopes of
      iodine it would be expected that they would show different effects on thyroid
      function. The differences should lead to lower rates of thyroid gland destruction
      with 125I and hence less post-irradiation hypothyroidism. This difference in
      biological effect has been demonstrated in rats by indirect assessment of thyroid
      function. In this report the long-term effects of a range of similar doses of
      131I and 125I were compared, in male and female rats, by direct assessment of
      thyroid function. Seventeen months after receiving 25 and 125 muCi of 131I, male
      and female rats showed significant elevation of serum TSH concentration and a
      reduction in 3 h radioiodine uptake. Rats receiving 1 and 5 muCi of 131I and all
      doses of 125I showed no significant changes in thyroid function. These findings
      confirm the previously reported differences in effect between the 131I and 125I
      isotopes of iodine in the rat.

PMID- 978111
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on the adrenocortical response to exercise in man.

PMID- 978112
TI  - Production of antisera to [8-arginine]-vasopressin in homozygous Brattleboro
      rats.

PMID- 978113
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography of corticosteroids in plasma of salmonidae.

PMID- 978114
TI  - Unilateral ovariectomy during pregnancy in the rat.

PMID- 978115
TI  - Sex hormone production by isolated rabbit follicles in the presence of
      gonadotrophins.

PMID- 978116
TI  - Contamination of an ovine prolactin preparation with antidiuretic hormone.

PMID- 978117
TI  - Sexual differentiation of the brain: endocrine and behavioural responses of
      androgenized ewes to oestrogen.

PMID- 978118
TI  - Stimulation of growth in the little mouse.
AB  - The new mouse mutation little (lit) in the homozygous state causes a pituitary
      deficiency involving at least growth hormone (GH) and prolactin. The resultant
      growth failure of lit/lit mice was shown to be reversed by experimental
      conditions that enhanced levels of GH or GH and prolactin in the circulation. Two
      measures of growth, actual weight gain and bone dimension, were significantly
      improved by the physiological processes of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy, by
      extra-sellar graft of a normal mouse pituitary, and by treatment with GH but not
      prolactin. These data confirmed pituitary dysfunction as the basic defect caused
      by the mutation lit and showed that the GH deficiency is responsible for growth
      failure. However, the biological site of gene action, the pituitary or
      hypothalamus, has not been established. Little mice exhibit a number of
      characteristics similar to those of human genetic ateleotic dwarfism Type 1,
      namely genetic inheritance, time of onset of growth retardation, proportionate
      skeletal size reduction, and pituitary GH deficiency.

PMID- 978119
TI  - Influence of the vagus and carotid sinus nerves on plasma renin in the cat.
AB  - Influence of the vagus and carotid sinus nerves on peripheral plasma renin was
      studied in the cat. Bilateral cervical vagotomy was followed by a sustained
      increase in plasma renin concentration (PRC) of anaesthetized cats made
      hypervolaemic by intravenous saline infusions. The increase in PRC is
      attributable to right vagotomy. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion in
      anaesthetized hypervolaemic cats, either with or without prior vagotomy, or with
      mechanical prevention of a rise in systemic blood pressure, resulted in no
      statistically significant increases in peripheral venous PRC, compared with the
      control animals.

PMID- 978120
TI  - Concentration of oestrogens and androgens in human ovarian venous plasma and
      follicular fluid throughout the menstrual cycle.
AB  - The concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone, oestrone and oestradiol
      17beta were measured in peripheral and ovarian venous blood and follicular fluid
      of women at various stages of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of
      oestradiol was similar in small follicles (diameter less than 8 mm) at all stages
      of the menstrual cycle and in large follicles (diameter greater than or equal to
      8 mm) except during the mid- and late follicular phase when the concentration
      reached a peak (approximately 1500 ng/ml). The concentration of androstenedione
      was lowest in large preovulatory follicles at midcycle at a time when the
      secretion into the ovarian vein was markedly increased. The concentration of
      testosterone in large follicles (greater than or equal to 8 mm) was unchanged
      during the follicular phase whereas in small follicles there was a peak at mid
      cycle. The rise in the concentration of testosterone and androstenedione at mid
      cycle in peripheral plasma may be due to increased secretion by the preovulatory
      follicle into the ovarian vein. It is suggested that the relatively low
      concentration of androstenedione in follicular fluid of the preovulatory follicle
      arises from increased aromatization by granulosa cells in the course of oestrogen
      synthesis.

PMID- 978121
TI  - Induction of luteinizing hormone release by gonadal steroids in the
      ovariectomized domestic hen.
AB  - The ability of intramuscular injections of gonadal steroids to exert a positive
      feedback action on LH secretion was investigated in the ovariectomized hen.
      Plasma LH was measured by radioimmunoassay. Single injections of progesterone
      (dose range: 0.05-10 mg/kg) or oestradiol benzoate (dose range: 0.01-1 mg/kg) did
      not result in an increase in plasma LH concentration. After priming with 0.1 mg
      oestradiol benzoate/kg on alternate days for 7 days and with 0.5 mg
      progesterone/kg on days 5, 6 and 7, a single injection of progesterone on day 8
      (dose range: 0.1-2 mg/kg) caused the plasma LH concentration to start increasing
      after 15 to 30 min. Peak LH concentration was reached around 1.5-2 h after
      injection. The magnitude of LH response to progesterone was dose related. In
      contrast, a single injection of oestradiol benzoate (dose range: 0.01-1 mg/kg)
      failed to stimulate LH release in the oestrogen-progesterone primed
      ovariectomized (O-P-OVX) hen. A single injection of testosterone (dose range: 0.1
      2.0 mg/kg) failed to stimulate LH release in ten out of 12 O-P-OVX hens. A small
      increase in LH secretion was observed in the two remaining birds. When oestrogen
      or progesterone was omitted from the priming schedule, a LH positive feedback
      response to a single injection of progesterone was not observed. Increasing or
      decreasing the mount of oestrogen or progesterone in the priming schedule
      modified the LH response to a single injection of progesterone on the day
      following the last priming injection. This suggested that a critical oestrogen to
      progesterone ratio was required to prime the LH positive feedback mechanism. It
      is suggested that, in the hen, the release of LH is facilitated by the positive
      feedback effect of a combination of oestrogen and progesterone in a two-phase
      process. The first is the priming phase, which depends on the presence in the
      blood of oestrogen and progesterone; the second is the ind  .uctive phase, which
      depends only on an incremental change in plasma progesterone concentration.
      Oestrogen is not involved in the induceive phase.

PMID- 978122
TI  - Cleft palate induction in hamster fetuses by glucocorticoid hormones and their
      synthetic analogues.
AB  - The effect of prenatal administration of different doses of cortisone,
      corticosterone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone and prednisolone on the fetus and
      its palatal development was studied. All the glucocorticoids, except cortisone,
      produced cleft palate in the fetuses. Both the total frequency and
      morphologically different types of cleft palate were related to the dose of the
      teratogen. Triamcinolone appeared to be more potent than other glucocorticoid in
      inducing cleft palate. An association was noted between fetal growth inhibition,
      the dose of the teratogen and the frequency and type of cleft palate.

PMID- 978123
TI  - Distortion of patches of retinal degeneration in chimaeric mice.
AB  - Estimation of the proportion of degenrate retina in rd/rd and +/+ (or +/rd)
      chimaeras, using a linear analysis of histological sections, suggests a
      considerable preponderance of the normal phenotype, while analyses based on the
      area of the surviving tissue suggest that the proportion of each component is
      similar to that in other tissues. This argues against the validity of the linear
      analyses used by other authors. It is suggested that cell movement occurs in the
      outer nuclear layer, following the degeneration of the rd/rd population, and
      results in a distortion of the original patches of normal cells.

PMID- 978124
TI  - Patches in the livers of chimaeric mice.
AB  - Sections of adult chimaeric livers have been histochemically stained for beta
      glucuronidase activity and patches of two cell populations visualized. A one
      dimensional clonal analysis has been used to estimate the number of coherent
      clones in the adult liver. The data are consistent with a total of 9-22 million
      regular, coherent clones, comprising 10-34 nuclei, or a smaller number of
      irregular, branched coherent clones. Both of these alternatives suggest
      considerable cell mixing during liver morphogenesis.

PMID- 978125
TI  - [Stability of determination and differentiation of the somatic sexual characters
      in Nereis pelagica L. (Annelida polychaeta)].
AB  - Experiments of regeneration in situ or on grafts were carried out to test the
      stability of determination of the somatic sexual characters in Nereis pelagica.
      The sexual characters of the parapodial cirri (male and female swellings, male
      crenellations) are always expressed on stump or regenerate according to the
      genetic sex. Supernumary parapodia which developed at the site of junction of the
      heterologous faces of host and graft of opposite sexes, might have the characters
      of either sex; this result can be interpreted by supposing that a supernumary
      parapodium is derived from tissues of either host or graft, of the corresponding
      sex. Conversely, the pygidial papillae, which normally occur only on the
      heteronereid male, will appear on regenerating female pygidia, triggered to
      transform to the heteronereid condition naturally or by decerebration, with a
      frequency depending on the age of the regenerate, the length of the regenerate,
      and the genital condition of both the stump and the regenerate. It is concluded
      that the presence of the papillae is not a sex-specific character, but that their
      development is normally inhibited in the maturing female.

PMID- 978126
TI  - Target discrimination in regenerating insect sensory nerve.
AB  - The paired abdominal cerci of the cricket Acheta domesticus are mechanosensory
      appendages which regenerate readily when amputated during larval life. Their
      peripherally-located sense cells form axons which project centrally as a purely
      sensory nerve to the terminal abdominal ganglion. In an attempt to analyze some
      of the factors which guide a regenerating sensory nerve to correct central
      terminations, implants of homologous, supernumerary terminal ganglia were made in
      cricket larvae and the host cerci amputated. The possibility that implants with
      multiple nerve stumps might release an attracting substance was considered.
      Surgical procedures used were (1) implant in posterior abdomen; (2) implant in
      posterior abdomen, ipsilateral to chronic cercal deprivation; (3) implant in
      mesothoracic leg socket, adjacent to heterotopically-transplanted regenerated
      cercus; (4) implant in posterior abdomen, ipsilateral host cercal motor nerve
      sectioned; (5) implant in posterior abdomen, ipsilateral margin of host terminal
      ganglion wounded. Results were determined after the adult molt, by conventional
      histology or by cobalt chloride filling of regenerated cercal nerves. In all
      procedures except (3) and (4), the regenerated afferent nerve bypassed the
      implant and terminated in the host terminal ganglion. In (3), the regenerated
      fibers from cercal grafts bypassed the implant; terminations were not found. In
      (4), some regenerated cercal axons connected with the implant and the majority
      terminated in the host ganglion. It is suggested that regenerating cercal
      afferents may depend in a facultative way on the cercal motor nerve as a pathway
      guide but there is as yet no clear evidence for a trophic influence from the
      central nervous system.

PMID- 978127
TI  - Observations on the migration and proliferation of gonocytes in Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The process of primordial germ cell formation in the normal course of development
      of Xenopus laevis was examined with a light microscope on paraffin and Epon
      sections of embryos or tadpoles, extending over the period from the gastrula to
      the feeding tadpole stage. Positional changes of gonocytes with development were
      nearly the same as those reported on the same species by Blackler (1958) and
      Whitington & Dixon (1975). The following points were newly demonstrated.
      Gonocytes which have been located in a deep endodermal position till mid tail-bud
      stage come to be located in a rather peripheral region of the endoderm cell mass
      at stage 31 (late tail-bud), suggesting that the initial step of migration of the
      gonocytes towards the future genital ridge has already begun at this stage.
      Gonocytes at stages 33/34 and 35/36 were observed in a more dorsal part of the
      endoderm than at stage 31. Gonocytes which seem to have begun their migration are
      roundish in external shape and have a large intercellular space around them. At
      stage 40 gonocytes were located in the dorsal endodermal crest, and at stage 41
      gonocytes were found with cell bodies extending over both the dorsal endoderm
      crest and the dorsal mesentery, indicating that the separation of the gonocytes
      from the endoderm was in progress at this stage. The present results seem to
      indicate that gonocytes migrate not passively but actively from the deep
      endodermal position to the genital ridge, passing through the dorsal mesentery.
      Counting the number of gonocytes at successive stages of development revealed
      that gonocytes proliferated exponentially throughout the developmental stages
      from gastrula to tadpole.

PMID- 978128
TI  - Incorporation of tritiated cytochalasin B into ectodermal explants of the
      amphibian gastrula.
AB  - Ectodermal explants from gastrulae of Triturus alpestris were exposed to
      tritiated cytochalasin B (5 and 10 mug/ml) for 1/2-2 1/2 h. The flat explants
      failed to heal into compact spheres and the component cells gradually rounded up.
      Radioactivity in the fixed and sectioned material was analysed by light and
      electron microscopic autoradiography. Silver grains were found predominantly over
      the yolk platelets, but were also scattered over other cellular components. Areas
      containing pigment granules or the feltwork material, present in the apices of
      dissociating cells of the superficial layer, exhibited higher activity than areas
      containing mitochondria or cytoplasmic matrix. Lipid droplets and nuclei showed
      comparatively little activity. The results are discussed in relation to previous
      findings on the uptake of tritiated cytochalasin D by cell fractions.

PMID- 978129
TI  - [Comparative study of the cells of the freshwater planarian Polycelis tenuis
      (Iijima) using dissociated fragments cultivated in vitro: ultrastructural aspects
      and incorporation of (3H) leucine and (3H) uridine].
AB  - Study of planaria cells, which are the result of dissociated fragments cultivated
      in vitro, allows the evolution of two cell groups to be followed: (1)
      Differentiated cells, which do not divide, and do not dedifferentiate either,
      incorporate leucine and uridine at a rate which remains stable for the whole
      duration of the culture. (2) Undifferentiated cells have a mitotic and
      incorporation rate of leucine and uridine which varies during the period of
      culture. After 10 days of culture they demonstrate the characteristics of cells
      undergoing differentiation. These results are in agreement with those of other
      authors who attribute an essential role to undifferentiated cells during
      regeneration of the adult planaria.

PMID- 978130
TI  - Cytological and microspectrophotometric analysis of mesodermalized explants of
      Triturus gastrula ectoderm.
AB  - Using isolated presumptive ectoderm of the newt (Triturus pyrrhogaster) embryos
      as a reactor and extract of rat bone marrow as a mesodermal inductor, changes of
      cell number and mitotic index of the reactor cells were studied. In early stages
      of cultivation the increase in cell number in the mesodermalized ectodermal piece
      was slower than in the non-mesodermalized epidermal piece; but after 24 h it
      showed abrupt increase and reached a cell population equal to that of the control
      at 48 h of cultivation. In the experimental series, the mitotic index was 0 at 4
      h after the application of the inducing stimulus, but increased precipitously in
      the next 8 h and reached a level of 4-4% at 12 h and thereafter decreased
      gradually. The cell cycle stopped at the S phase and stayed in it for several
      hours after the application of inductor. A sudden fall in cell number, observed
      in the mesodermalized epidermal piece between the 4th and the 8th h after the
      application of inducing stimulus, seems to be attributable to cell death which
      was brought about by the inducing stimulus. In the histogenetic process phases of
      repression on mitosis by an inducing stimulus, cell proliferation and
      nonproliferation seem to succeed each other.

PMID- 978131
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on mouse second molar tooth germs cultivated
      in vitro.
AB  - Mandibular second molar tooth germs from two-day old mice were cultured in vitro,
      on millipore membranes, for periods of up to 20 days in liquid medium with or
      without added ascorbic acid. Tooth germs grown in ascorbate medium were
      characterized by relatively normal growth, differentiation, morphology and
      histology. Cuspation patterns were maintained. The epithelial root sheath
      continued to grow along the millipore membrane. Tooth germs cultured in ascorbate
      deficient medium manifested a consistent and striking failure in maintenance of
      differentiated odontoblastic and ameloblastic tissue with arrest of predentin
      synthesis, severe structural collapse and reduction in size. Cuspation patterns
      were lost in scorbutic molars, with sinking of surface layers into pulpal tissue
      and flattening of the entire organ. This resulted in a lack of recognizable
      morphology and in severe disorganization of tissues. Only growing areas of the
      root sheath with associated proliferation of preameloblasts and pre-odontoblasts
      and adjacent pulpal tissue remained normal and refractory to ascorbate
      deficiency. Odontoblastic as well as ameloblastic layers were disrupted and cells
      were dedifferentiated. Newly differentiated odontoblasts became highly vacuolated
      when they became polarized and started to secrete extracellular matrix.

PMID- 978132
TI  - Membrane transport by murine lymphocytes. I. A rapid sampling technique as
      applied to the adenosine and thymidine systems.
AB  - We have developed a rapid sampling technique for animal cells in suspension for
      the purpose of measuring membrane transport in lymphocytes. The method involves
      rapid centrifugation of cells through a layer of silicone oil into perchloric
      acid after incubation periods as short as 4 s. Using this method we have
      described the uptake of thymidine and the uptake and transport systems of
      adenosine by murine bulk nonadherent spleen cells. The two uptake systems are
      markedly different. Adenosine was shown to be taken up by classical carrier
      mediated diffusion, while thymidine was not. In addition we have explored the
      metabolism of the two nucleosides under the conditions we employed for measuring
      transport or uptake; Both nucleosides are phosphorylated extensively. We also
      investigated the uptake and metabolism of thymidine over a 2-h interval the
      standard time used to measure DNA synthesis in lymphocytes. Unless cells were
      separated from medium by centrifugation through oil before TCA addition, the TCA
      precipitable counts exceeded the total radioactive uptake. Hence the standard
      method for measuring thymidine utilization yields estimates under these
      conditions which can be as much as 100% too high.

PMID- 978133
TI  - Induction of IgG in young nude mice by lipid A or thymus grafts.
AB  - Postnatal serum concentrations of IgG2a of paternal allotype, measured in
      congenitally thymusless nude mice, increase with kinetics and titers comparable
      to their normal congeneic counterparts. Lipid A, the mitogenic part of LPS,
      stimulates IgG synthesis in nude mice when it is given 7 days after birth. IgG
      concentrations at 15 days of age are 6- to 8-fold higher than in untreated
      control nudes; this is considerably lower, however, than in normal mice, which
      show up to 45-fold higher IgG2ab levels after lipid A treatment. A thymus graft
      from nearly congeneic donors of the same age, transplanted at 4 days after birth,
      also stimulates long-lasting IgG synthesis in the nude recipients. If the grafted
      nudes are injected with lipid A 3 days later, IgG synthesis is further stimulated
      8- to 16-fold. The data are discussed in relation to the thymus dependency of IgG
      production and the conditions for lipid A stimulation.

PMID- 978134
TI  - Alternative pathway of complement: recruitment of precursor properdin by the
      labile C3/C5 convertase and the potentiation of the pathway.
AB  - In this study the physiological role of properdin and the differential subunit
      composition of the solid phase enzymes of the pathway have been explored. Cell
      bound C3 and C5 convertase differ in their C3b requirement. Apparently one
      molecule of C3b is sufficient to allow formation of C3 convertase (C3b,B),
      whereas two or more are required for generation of C5 convertase (C3bn,B). This
      conclusion was drawn from results indicating the critical role of the spacial
      distribution of C3b molecules on the cell surface in enzyme formation. While the
      C3/C5 convertase is fully capable of acting on C5 and thereby initiating the
      assembly of the cytolytic membrane attack complex, it is exceedingly  labile and
      vulnerable to destruction by the C3b inactivator. It is the apparent role of
      properdin to confer a degree of stability upon the labile enzyme and to protect
      its C3 convertase function against enzymatic destruction. To achieve these
      effects, precursor properdin (pre-P) is recruited in a binding-activation
      reaction by the labile C3/C5 convertase. Multiple C3b molecules appear to be
      needed for the formation of properdin-activating principle. Three modes of
      regulation have been described, which involve spontaneous dissociation enzymatic
      degradation by C3b inactivator and disassembly by beta1H. The functional
      differences of pre-P and activated properdin (P) were delineated, pre-P
      displaying a weak affinity for C3b and P the capacity of strong interaction, P
      generating a soluble C3 convertase in serum and pre-P being unable to do so.
      Because of the profound differences between native pre-P and the laboratory
      product P, the question was raised as to whether soluble P represents an
      unphysiological form of the protein. On the basis of this and other studies, the
      conclusion was reached that in vitro properdin recruitment constitutes the
      terminal event of the properdin pathway, and that properdin augments the function
      of C3/C5 convertase without changing its substrate specificity.

PMID- 978135
TI  - Inherited structural polymorphism in human C2: evidence for genetic linkage
      between C2 and Bf.
AB  - Structural variation in the second component of human complement was identified
      in about 4% of serum samples from random unrelated individuals of all the major
      races. Three forms of C2 have been identified by isoelectric focusing in
      polyacrylamide gel and development of patterns in agarose gel containing antibody
      sensitized sheep red cells and C2-deficient serum: C2 C (common), C2 A (acidic),
      and C2 B (basic). The C2 variants were shown to be inherited as autosomal
      codominant traits, and suggestive evidence for close linkage between C2 and Bf
      was obtained.

PMID- 978136
TI  - Murine model for human secondary amyloidosis: genetic variability of the acute
      phase serum protein SAA response to endotoxins and casein.
AB  - The serum precursor SAA of the secondary amyloid protein AA has been detected by
      solid-phase radioimmunoassay as a normal serum alpha-globulin of mol wt 160,000,
      which dissociates to a more stable 12,500 dalton moiety on treatment with formic
      acid. In 12 strains of mice, including T-cell-deficient nude mice, treated with
      the amyloid-inducing agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or casein, SAA behaved as an
      acute-phase reactant. SAA concentration rose to about 750 mug/ml by 24 h and
      returned to less than 1 mug/ml by 48 h. Since the amyloid-resistant colchicine
      treated mice and AJ mice had a normal SAA response to LPS, it appears that their
      resistance to amyloid induction is due to the nature of their SAA processing
      rather than decreased SAA production. C3H/HeJ mice, which have defective B
      lymphocyte responses to LPS, required extremely high dosages of LPS to cause SAA
      elevation, although their SAA response to casein was normal. This suggests that
      SAA is an acute-phase protein produced as a result of B-lymphocyte stimulation.
      Preliminary evidence suggests that at the height of an acute SAA response, liver
      homogenates are particularly rich in protein AA cross-reacting material.

PMID- 978137
TI  - In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes by neutral proteinases from human
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules.
AB  - Two neutral proteinases from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), an
      elastase and the chymotrypsin-like cathepsin G, were purified, and their actions
      on lymphocytes in culture were studied. Both PMN proteinases stimulate
      lymphocytes from human peripheral blood and from mouse spleen in vitro, but do
      not affect thymic cells from either normal or hydrocortisone-treated mice. In
      stimulated mouse spleen cell cultures, most of the developing blast cells bear
      surface immunoglobulins, and subsequently appear to engage in antibody synthesis.
      In their stimulatory action, the two PMN proteinases thus resemble the classic B
      cell mitogen LPS and neutral pancreatic proteinases such as trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, and elastase. The effects of proteinase inhibitors indicate that
      lymphocyte stimulation is dependent on the proteolytic activity of the enzymes.
      This work suggests that PMN proteinases, which are released at sites of
      inflammation, may modulate the function of lymphocytes.

PMID- 978139
TI  - Natural concepts in pigeons.
AB  - Pigeons learned to discriminate pictures of trees, bodies of water, or a
      particular person in three separate experiments. Pictures being seen for the
      first time were discriminated almost as well as pictures seen in training. The
      pigeons in each experiment showed similar patterns of errors and correct
      discrimination.

PMID- 978138
TI  - Cell surface antigens of human malignant melanoma. II. Serological typing with
      immune adherence assays and definition of two new surface antigens.
AB  - Immune adherence assays revealed that 10 out of 18 melanoma patients had
      demonstrable antibody to surface antigens of autologous cultured melanoma cells,
      with serum titers ranging from 1/4 to 1/160. Autologous fibroblasts showed no
      reactions with these sera. Antibody from individual patients showed reproducible
      temperature preference for maximal reactivity. Two new melanoma antigenic systems
      were defined in this study. The first, BD, was restricted to autologous melanoma
      and could not be demonstrated in absorption tests on 12 allogeneic melanoma cell
      lines. The other, AH, was found on 5 of 12 melanomas and represents a class of
      shared melanoma surface antigens. Neither BD nor AH antigen was found on normal
      cells from autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic sources or on any nonmelanoma
      tumor cell line. Methods are now available to develop a comprehensive serological
      classification of the surface antigens of melanoma.

PMID- 978140
TI  - Aversions to unflavored water and cup drinking produced by delayed sickness.
AB  - Rats drank from a cup and were then injected with lithium chloride. The result
      was an apparent association between the appearance of the cup and toxicosis. In
      Experiment 1, avoidance of drinking unflavored water from the cup was apparent
      after two trials in which toxicosis was induced either immediately or 1/2 hr.
      after such drinking. Consumption of sucrose solution from the cup prior to
      toxicosis, however, did not produce a statistically reliable aversion to drinking
      unflavored water from the cup. In Experiment 2, rats were repeatedly subjected to
      toxicosis 0.0, .5, 1.5, 4.5, or 18.0 hr. after drinking unflavored water from a
      cup. A reduction in drinking from the cup was inversely related to the delay of
      toxicosis, but only the 0.0- and .5-hr.-delay groups exhibited statistically
      reliable aversions. A later phase excluded the possibility that sensitization
      alone could account for the cup aversions. Marked aversions to the unflavored
      water itself were obtained in Experiment 1, but in Experiment 2 any such
      aversions were so weak that they could not have been responsible for the cup
      aversions.

PMID- 978141
TI  - Effects of priming unconditioned stimulus representation in short-term memory on
      Pavlovian conditioning.
AB  - A series of four experiments evaluated eyelid conditioning in the rabbit under
      circumstances in which the unconditioned stimulus (US) could variously be assumed
      to be prerepresented (primed) in short-term memory at the time of its
      presentation in pairing with a conditioned stimulus (CS). In both between- and
      within-subjects comparisons, less conditioning resulted when CS-US pairings were
      shortly preceded by US presentations than when not. The decremental effect of the
      pretrial priming US depended upon the similarity of such US to the subsequent
      conditioning US included in the CS-US pairing and could be removed by the
      interpolation of a distractor stimulus between the priming US and the CS-US pair.
      Finally, a similar decrement in conditioning was observed if a weak priming US
      was administered prior to the conditioning US but after the CS, that is, within
      the CS-US interval. The overall pattern of data supports Wagner's thesis that
      stimuli are rendered generally less effective when they are primed in short-term
      memory.

PMID- 978142
TI  - Limulus psychophysics: spectral sensitivity of the ventral eye.
AB  - The ventral eye of Limulus contains only one type of photoreceptor. Behaviors
      mediated by the ventral eye provide an unambiguous representation of the function
      of that single-receptor type. Such behaviors can be compared with the results of
      acute, single-cell investigations to assay for the contributions of candidate
      neural codes in the regulation of behavior (cf. Uttal, 1973). Using an
      unconditioned tail movement as the response, the psychophysical spectral
      sensitivity function mediated by the ventral eye of Limulus was measured. This
      psychophysical function peaked at 525 nm and showed evidence of strong absorption
      by the cuticle in the short-wavelength portion of the spectrum. Under the
      conditions of the present experiment, the threshold was 4.5 quanta absorbed per
      receptor per msec at 525 nm. The spectral transmission of the ventral eye cuticle
      was also measured. After correction for cuticle absorption, the psychophysical
      spectral sensitivity function was compared with previously reported spectral
      sensitivity functions obtained either from electrophysiologic (Millecchia,
      Bradbury, and Mauro, 1966; Nolte and Brown, 1970) or from microspectrophotometric
      (Murry, 1966) recordings from single, isolated ventral eye photoreceptor cells.
      All three functions exhibit a sensitivity peak near 525 nm; the corrected
      psychophysical and microspectrophotometric functions both display a second peak
      near 425 nm. A second experiment confirmed the reliability and validity of the
      425-nm peak. The coding implications of these findings were explored. A
      preliminary finding is that, in dichromatic or trichromatic visual systems, two
      peaked receptor spectral sensitivity functions produce central, opponent response
      systems that are qualitatively the same as those produced by single-peaked
      receptors.

PMID- 978143
TI  - On the organizational family in family practice.

PMID- 978144
TI  - Private practice management. Internal control of assets.

PMID- 978145
TI  - Clinical and educational implications of a longitudinal audit for asthma.

PMID- 978146
TI  - In-training residency evaluation.

PMID- 978147
TI  - Reform in the United States: its impact on medicine and education for family
      practice.
AB  - The historical concept of reform is useful as an aid to understand the modern
      rise of family practice education. Beginning about 1890, historians have
      identified several themes of reform in the United States which have been
      expressed culturally, politically, and socially. Each of these themes,
      agrarianism, bureaucratization of the professions, and utopianism, has influenced
      medicine and medical education--first at the turn of the century in the
      activities of the AMA in promoting public health and in establishing the natural
      sciences as a basis for medical education and practice. Since the end of World
      War II, additional reform themes have become visible which are also influencing
      medicine. Among these are humanism, consumerism, and the women's movement. It is
      the author's thesis that the present vitality and future development of family
      practice as a discipline is more dependent on its capacity and willingness to be
      identified with these expressions of reform than on its negotiations and
      compromises within the medical education establishment.

PMID- 978148
TI  - An information system for family practice. Part 1: Defining the practice
      population.
AB  - Information systems for family practice are vital in its development as an
      academic discipline, in the teaching and learning process which ultimately
      improves the quality of care, and in the planning processes which must be used to
      rationalize the distribution of scarce resources in the health-care field. The
      provision of sufficient data for these purposes demands a flexible system,
      generally one based on the computer as a data storing and analyzing tool. Such a
      system has been developed in the teaching practices of the Department of Family
      Medicine, University of Western Ontario; the methods employed and the uses for
      that system are to be described in a series of four papers. This first paper
      describes the methods developed for gathering demographic information on the
      practice population.

PMID- 978149
TI  - An information system for family practice. Part 2: The value of defining a
      practice population.
AB  - The gathering of information on the practice population is essential for practice
      monitoring, preventive medicine, and research. The minimum necessary information
      is the age and sex of individuals cared for in the practice. This allows the
      expression of age-sex specific morbidity rates for the at-risk population. In the
      Department of Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario, practice census
      information has been used to determine the suitable size for a teaching practice,
      the representativeness of our practices in terms of age, sex, residence location,
      and morbidity, and for the production of at-risk registers based on age and sex.

PMID- 978150
TI  - Injection therapy for varicose veins.
AB  - The varicose tendency cannot be cured but it can be controlled. Injection
      compression sclerotherapy, if performed competently on selected patients, is an
      effective treatment. It is a relatively simple, economical, safe, and ambulatory
      form of therapy which has a major place in the management of varicose veins. The
      technique for injection is subject to considerable variation, but the necessity
      for post injection compression of the veins is absolute. Post injection
      compression reduces the potential for recurrence by preventing return of the
      blood to the vein after injection and maintaining contact of the intimal surfaces
      so that bonding can occur, thus converting the vein from a tube to a solid
      fibrotic cord. Injection compression sclerotherapy is the best treatment of
      selected varicosities.

PMID- 978151
TI  - Common foot deformities in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 978152
TI  - Care of the dying patient.

PMID- 978153
TI  - Incidence of psychiatric problems in one family physician's practice.

PMID- 978155
TI  - The medical doctor and the physician.

PMID- 978154
TI  - The family in medicine, process or entity?

PMID- 978156
TI  - Heterosexual anal intercourse--an illustrative case history.

PMID- 978157
TI  - On the diversity of sperm histones in the vertebrates: II. A cytochemical study
      of the basic protein transitions during spermiogenesis in the cartilaginous fish
      Hydrolagus colliei.
AB  - Spermiogenesis in the ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) is characterized by unusual
      changes in the basic proteins of the nucleus. Cytochemical analysis indicates
      that early spermatids in this cartilaginous fish contain the somatic type of
      histones. However, late spermatids contain the salmon type of sperm histone
      whereas spermatozoa display the mouse/grasshopper type designated by Bloch ('69).
      Such an unusual cytochemical shift from protamine in the spermatid to "stable
      protamine" in the sperm has not been documented heretofore.

PMID- 978158
TI  - Body temperature of the lizard (Anolis carolinensis): effect of parietalectomy.
AB  - Thermal behavior of parietalectomized, sham-parietalectomized or intact lizards
      (Anolis carolinensis) was recorded in a test chamber containing moving
      photothermal gradients. Following parietalectomy, animals chose significantly
      higher temperatures than sham-parietalectomized or intact control animals, which
      chose lower and statistically identical temperatures. When pre-surgical and post
      surgical means are compared within groups, the eccritic temperature was 2.10
      degrees C higher following parietalectomy, 0.72 degrees C higher following sham
      parietalectomy, and 0.31 degrees C higher in intact controls during the post
      operative measurements. The effects of parietalectomy indicate that the
      parietalpineal complex may be involved in behavioral thermoregulation by
      precisely regulating exposure to heat sources (e.g. sunlight).

PMID- 978159
TI  - Parietalectomy and thermal selection in the lizard Sceloporus magister.
AB  - Lizards were acclimatized to various regimes of temperature (15 degrees, 35
      degrees C) and photoperiod (LD 08:16, 16:8). Parietalectomized, sham operated,
      and control animals were placed in thermal gradients and their body temperatures
      monitored for periods of up to 15 days. Daily rhythms of thermal selection were
      evident with higher temperatures selected in late photophase and lower
      temperatures selected in scotophase. Thermal selection was more variable in
      scotophase than in photophase. Parietalectomized lizards chose significantly
      higher body temperatures than did shams or controls. Acclimatization to
      temperature and photoperiod had little or no effect on the thermal preferendum.
      The preferred body temperature of controls was 33.2 degrees C +/- 3.59. Length of
      time in the gradient tended to change thermal preference, especially in lizards
      acclimated to 15 degrees C. Through interactions with the pineal gland the
      parietal eye is probably important in synchronizing many bodily functions with
      photoperiod.

PMID- 978160
TI  - Phospholipase activity of sea urchin sperm: its possible involvement in membrane
      fusion.
AB  - Phospholipase activity of egg-water treated Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus
      variegatus sperm was shown to result from the sequential action of phospholipase
      A and lysophospholipase. A transient burst of phospholipase A activity followed
      induction of the acrosome reaction with egg water. The time of appearance
      suggested an acrosomal localization of the enzyme. The peak activity of
      phospholipase A correlated with initiation of sperm-egg fusion, suggesting a role
      for sea urchin sperm phospholipase A in membrane fusion and/or egg activation
      during fertilization.

PMID- 978161
TI  - 28 s and 18 s ribonucleic acid from mammalian spermatozoa.
AB  - The majority of RNA is spermatozoa from the epididymis and ductus deferens of
      mice was found to be 28 s and 18 s RNA. This RNA was also seen in human
      ejaculated spermatozoa. Our evidence indicates that little or none of the 28 s
      and 18 s RNA is transcribed in the maturing mouse spermatozoa and that the
      majority is synthesized in the primary spermatocyte. This RNA may be necessary to
      maintain post-meiotic translation during spermatogenesis.

PMID- 978162
TI  - Muscle satellite cells in urodele amphibians: faciliatated identification of
      satellite cells using ruthenium red staining.
AB  - The ruthenium red (RR) stained forelimb musculature of three species of urodeles
      Triturus (Notophthalmus) viridescens, Amblystoma maculatum, Amblystoma opacum in
      various stages of growth were examined with the electron microscope for the
      presence of satellite cells. It was found that RR staining facilitated greatly
      the identification of satellite cells. In young larvae of all three species
      satellite cells were detected with a frequency of 29% to 48% per total number of
      nuclei. In adult Triturus and Amblystoma maculatum satellite cells were no longer
      detected; instead "pericytes" as described by Hay ('74) were seen with a
      frequency of 12% and 3% respectively. During metamorphosis of Triturus satellite
      cells, with part of their myofiber-satellite cell intercellular space filled with
      basement membrane material, occurred at a peak frequency. The cells presumably
      are intermediate in the formation of "pericytes." At ten days after metamorphosis
      satellite cells and intermediate cells were no longer detected and the limb
      musculature contained only "pericytes" similar to the ones observed in adult
      newts. The significance of the presence of satellite cells in relation to limb
      regeneration and muscle regeneration is discussed.

PMID- 978163
TI  - The role of divalent cations in activation of the sea urchin egg. I. Effect of
      fertilization on divalent cation content.
AB  - The Ca and Mg content of unfertilized sea urchin eggs (3 and 21 mumole/ml eggs)
      remains remarkably constant over periods of hours, even when the eggs are
      suspended in Ca- or Mg-free sea water. After fertilization the Ca content of eggs
      in regular sea water increases sharply by about 20%, followed by a decrease to
      the unfertilized level by 40 minutes. However, if the fertilized eggs are washed
      three minutes in Ca-free sea water a sharp decrease in the Ca content occurs
      amounting to 30% of the total in the first 40 minutes, with little change
      thereafter. Suspension of the eggs in Ca-free sea water results in an even
      greater loss of Ca amounting to about 43% of the total in the same time interval,
      followed by a continuing slow loss. It is concluded that fertilization initiates
      the intracellular release of Ca, which is then extruded. For unwashed eggs this
      change is masked by the simultaneous generation of new extra-cellular coats with
      high affinity for Ca. Changes in the Mg content of fertilized eggs follow the
      same general pattern except that absorption of this divalent cation to the
      extracellular coats is minimal.

PMID- 978164
TI  - Ultrastructural characterization of the accessory lobes of Lachi (Hofmann's
      nuclei) in the nerve cord of the chick. I. Axoglial synapses.
AB  - Light microscopic observations of the accessory lobes of Lachi of one-day-old
      chicks show that this tissue contains abundant amounts of glycogen and consists
      of cells which are similar in appearance to those of the glycogen body.
      Ultrastructural studies reported here for the first time confirm the presence of
      glycogen-rich cells in the accessory lobes and reveal that these cells are
      intimately associated with nerve axons. The finding of synaptic complexes and
      other junctional specializations between nerves and accessory lobe cells suggests
      that they may have a functional relationship with the nervous system. It is felt
      that the accessory lobe cells may be neuroglia, possibly of the astrocytic type,
      which have an innate capacity for glycogen storage. While the functional
      significance of such glycogen remains obscure, the close morphological
      association between neurons and the accessory lobe cells enhances the hypothesis
      put forth by us regarding the glycogen body, namely that neural glycogen is
      involved in myelin synthesis in the avian nervous system.

PMID- 978165
TI  - Hypoxia: a succinate-fumerate electron shuttle between peripheral cells and lung.
AB  - The objective of this investigation was to determine if the succinate that
      accumulates in anoxic or hypoxic tissues of mammals is (a) increased in
      concentration in the blood, (b) excreted in the urine or (c) recycled in some
      manner. Rats were subjected to 0.4 atm and the plasma analyzed for succinate and
      fumarate at 2 hours, 24 hours and 28 days. Significant increases of succinate or
      succinate plus fumarate were obtained at 2 hours and 28  days at 0.4 atm.
      Analysis of 24-hour samples of urine obtained from controls and animals at 0.4
      atm for 28 days demonstrated that no substantial increase in succinate excretion
      occurred with acclimation. Lung slices were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate
      and succinate and gassed with O2:CO2 (95:5). Such oxygenated lung slices not only
      utilized succinate but produced a comparable quantity of fumerate plus malate. It
      is concluded that succinate produced from fumarate and alpha-ketoglutarate in
      peripheral hypotic tissue is transported by the blood to the oxygenated lungs.
      There it is oxidized to fumarate and recycled as fumarate and malate to the
      periphery. In this way metabolites can act as electron shuttles between
      peripheral cells and lung.

PMID- 978166
TI  - Breakdown of the germinal vesicle in pig oocytes in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The breakdown of the pig germinal vesicle (GV) was studied in follicular oocytes
      matured in vivo and in vitro. For better characterization, the whole process was
      divided into four well-defined stages, based on the chromatin changes, and on
      nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappearance. In the intact germinal vesicle (GV
      I) nuclear membrane and nucleolus are clearly visible and chromatin forms a ring
      or horseshoe around the nucleolus. In the GV II a fre orceinpositive structures
      (chromocenters) on the nuclear membrane can be detected. For the GV III slightly
      stained chromatin clumps, localized especially around the nucleolus, and the
      beginning of strand formation are typical. In the last stage - GV IV - the
      nuclear membrane is less distinct and the nucleolus disappears completely.
      Chromatin is seen as an irregular network or as individual bivalents. According
      to these criteria GV breakdown in vivo was completed in most oocytes between 20
      to 24 hours after HCG injection. In culture a similar stage of development was
      reached between 16 to 20 hours. This difference in the progress of nuclear
      changes appeared at the beginning of nuclear maturation and remained unchanged
      throughout the whole period studied.

PMID- 978167
TI  - Morphology and kinetics of the hamster sperm acrosome reaction.
AB  - The morphology and kinetics of the normal acrosome reaction were examined in
      vitro using hamster sperm incubated in detoxified sera. The reaction involved
      either swelling and elevation or crenulation and fragmentation of the acrosomal
      cap. Swelling and elevation occurred during both normal and degenerative
      reactions, as reported by others. Crenulation with subsequent fragmentation of
      the cap was observed during normal reactions. Early crenulation of the acrosome
      could be induced by cold shock (5 degrees C, 25 minutes), but this did not
      decrease the incubation time required (at 37 degrees C) for completion of the
      normal reaction. In appropriate sera, the occurrence of normal and degenerative
      acrosome reactions in motile sperm was significantly separated in time to study
      the reactions independently. The duration of the normal reaction, i.e., the time
      between the first morphological change in the acrosome (initiation)until the
      actual detachment of the cap (termination) was estimated to be 20 minutes. Saline
      dilution of these sera delayed initiation of the reaction and increased the
      duration of the reaction  once it had started. Data from cold-shock and serum
      dilution experiments indicate that the mechanisms which govern the initiation and
      termination of the normal reaction are independently variable, and further
      suggest that initiation involves a change in membrane permeability and that
      termination includes membrane vesiculation.

PMID- 978168
TI  - The development of the oxygen permeability of the avian egg shell and its
      membranes during incubation.
AB  - The 02-permeability of the avian egg shell and shell membranes is initially low
      (approximately equal to 0.1-10(-6) ml O2 STP-sec-1cm-2-mmHg-1) during incubation
      but increases about 10-fold after the first week. This increase correlates with a
      decline in water content of the membranes. A major increase in colloid osmotic
      pressure (up to 50 cm Hg) occurs and is the suggested cause for the onset of
      rapid removal of water from the membranes. A high membrane water content
      correlates with low O2-permeability and vice versa. The final degree of membrane
      hydration reached during incubation is independent  of ambient humidity; that is,
      the O2-permeability of the shell and its membranes is controlled by conditions
      inside the egg. An hypothesis is presented to explain the profound increase in O2
      permeability while the rate of water loss from the egg remains stable during
      incubation. The removal of water from the shell membranes by the increased
      colloid osmotic pressure will increase the number of gas filled channels in the
      membranes which in turn will increase the O2-permeability. In spite of the change
      in water content, the water vapor pressure in the shell membranes will always be
      very close to that of a free water surface and water loss will hence be
      determined by the ambient humidity and the porosity of the mineral shell.

PMID- 978169
TI  - Epithelial stratification in the developing chick cornea.
AB  - The process of epithelial stratification was studied in the embryonic chick
      corneal eipthelium between 10 and 21 days of incubation. Information was
      collected on the DNA synthetic activity occurring in individual cell layers, on
      cell density changes in the basal layer, and on mitotic spindle orientation in
      each cell layer before, during, and upon the completion of alyer formation. Prior
      to the initiation of stratification, mitotic spindles are oriented parallel to
      the basement membrane interface. This orientation changes to predominantly
      vertically directed spindles as layer formation proceeds. Later, the majority of
      the spindles are horizontally aligned once more. This pattern was observed as
      each successive cell layer formed. The possible relationship between the spindle
      data and that obtained on DNA synthetic activity and cell density changes is
      discussed in terms of the role these factors might play in layer formation in the
      cornea, as well as in other stratified epithelia.

PMID- 978170
TI  - DNA synthesis during the development of the chick cornea.
AB  - The frequency and pattern of DNA synthesis were analysed autoradiographically in
      the developing chick cornea. Each cellular population was studied in time
      sequence fashion from the time of its appearance until hatching. There is a sharp
      drop in the synthetic index (number of labeled cells/total number of cells) in
      the anterior corneal epithelium soon after its formation, corresponding in time
      to the secretion of extracellular matrix material by this tissue. A similar
      decrease does not occur in adjacent tissues. Continous labeling experiments show
      that about 20% of the corneal cells are not in the proliferative pool at this
      time while 100% of the cells in the underlying lens epithelium and the
      surrounding head epidermis and head mesenchyme are labeled. Cell cycle
      measurements indicate that the proliferative kinetics of both the corneal
      epithelium and the head epidermis are similar at this time even though the
      percentage of labeled cells in each region differs. The formation of the corneal
      endothelium and the movement of fibroblasts into the stromal region are events
      which involve extensive cellular migration. Labeled cells are observed at all
      stages of both endothelial and stromal fibroblast migration, indicating that DNA
      synthesis occurs during the course of cellular migration in the developing
      cornea.

PMID- 978171
TI  - Cytophotometric study of nuclear proteins during embryogenesis in two nematode
      species, Ascaris lumbricoides and Panagrellus silusiae.
AB  - Patterns of nuclear protein changes during embryogenesis in two nematode systems:
      Ascaris lumbricoides and Panagrellus silusiae were examined
      microspectrophotometrically. In both species, development is accompanied by an
      extensive loss of basic nuclear protein as noted by the diminished intranuclear
      binding of both the Sakaguchi reagent and fluorodinitrobenzene chromophore. The
      alkaline fast green (pH 8.1) procedure stained both nuclear and cytoplasmic
      regions of interphase cells to a similar extent throughout embryogenesis. In
      cells at metaphase the chromosomes bound the fast green dye intensely while the
      cytoplasm continued to give a positive reaction. Relative Feulgen stainability of
      nuclei during embryonic development varied between species. In Ascaris, the one
      celled stage nucleus was Feulgen-negative and the LI juvenile somatic nuclei
      yielded a mean Feulgen-DNA value which was considerably less than a
      postdiminution diploid DNA equivilent. In Panagrellus, the nuclei of one-celled
      stage embryos contain DNA in excess of a 4C quantity which subsequently is
      reduced during embryonic divisions. As in Ascaris the nuclei of Panagrellus LI
      juveniles give hypodiploid Feulgen-DNA values. The significance of these changes
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 978172
TI  - Cytophotometric analysis of basic nuclear proteins during gametogenesis in the
      free-living nematode Panagrellus silusiae.
AB  - The cytochemical staining characteristics of basic nuclear proteins during
      gametogenesis in both sexes of the free-living nematode Panagrellus silusiae were
      monitored by absorption microspectrophotometry. During spermatogenesis, the
      levels of both of the nuclear-bound Sakaguchi and 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene
      (FDNB) reagents per Feulgen-DNA content increase prior to meiosis and
      subsequently drop off during spermiogenesis. During oogenesis, the amount of
      Sakaguchi-protein to DNA ratio rises slightly whereas the FDNB-protein to DNA
      ratio undergoes a meagre decline. Since the oocyte of Panagrellus accumulates DNA
      in excess of a 4C DNA equivalent, the relative constancy of the ratio of basic
      nuclear protein content to DNA amount during oogenesis signifies that these
      proteins are being continously produced during oocyte maturation. After treatment
      with alkaline fast green (pH 8.1) the cytoplasmic and nuclear regions of the
      gonocytes of both sexes yield such an intense reaction that
      microspectrophotometric measurements could not be taken. The basis of the
      cytoplasmic staining reaction to the fast green (pH 8.1) dye was not determined.
      The rapid, highly deterministic programme of embryogenesis in Panagrellus may
      require a substantial stockpiling of basic nuclear proteins during oogenesis.

PMID- 978173
TI  - Testis specific phosphoglycerate kinase B in mouse.
AB  - Mammals possess two genetically distinct forms of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK).
      Only the X-linked PGK-A isozyme is detectable by electrophoresis of somatic and
      ovarian tissues of the mouse and of most other eutherian mammals studied to date.
      The PGK-B isozyme is highly active in testes and epididymides which contain
      spermatozoa, as well as in semen. PGK-B activity is first detectable in testes of
      22-day-old mice and shows rapid increase concomitant with germ cell proliferation
      until day 40,after which activity increases only slightly. Two allelic isozymes
      (F and S) in mice express equal enzyme activity and are inherited in an autosomal
      codominant manner. One is equally as heat stable as PGK-A; the other is heat
      labile. Two of the 33 strains tested express neither F nor S, but do express a
      faintly staining PGK band which is of slightly faster mobility than F and which
      is absent from the other stains. This may represent a third allelic isozyme of
      PGK-B with reduced enzyme activity.

PMID- 978174
TI  - X-ray induced inhibition of DNA synthesis and mitosis in internal tissues during
      the initiation of limb regeneration in the adult newt.
AB  - Left front limbs of adult male newts were given 2000r of X-irradiation at least
      four weeks prior to amputation of both forelimbs. Internal stump tissues were
      evaluated for the ability to incorporate 3H-thymidine and accumulate colchicine
      blocked mitotic figures. In otherwise uninjured limbs, irradiation stimulated low
      levels of DNA synthesis which did not increase significantly after amputation.
      Thus, as soon as DNA synthesis increased significantly in normal limbs as a
      result of amputation, it was demonstrably higher than in X-rayed limbs. In
      general, mitotic activity in both groups reflected the DNA synthetic rates. Since
      others have shown that denervation at the time of amputation blocks subsequent
      mitosis in internal stump tissues yet allows normal levels of DNA synthesis for
      eight days, we conclude that X-irradiation and denervation prevent cell division
      in potential blastema cells by different mechanisms.

PMID- 978175
TI  - The role of extracellular material in chick neurulation. I. Effects of
      concanavalin A.
AB  - The distribution of extracellular material (ECM) in developing neuroepithelium of
      stage 8+ chick embryos was investigated using lanthanum nitrate. The temporal
      changes in the distribution of ECM was correlated with the ongoing morphogenetic
      movements. The most striking finding was that as the folds were about to meet,
      thick dense ECM appeared between leading edges. Concanavalin A inhibited neural
      tube closure by binding to cell surfaces and disrupting the usual distribution of
      ECM in developing neuroepithelium.

PMID- 978176
TI  - Male haploidy in rotifers: relative DNA content of nuclei from male and female
      Asplanchna.
AB  - In A. sieboldi mitotic nuclei of males had one-half the nuclear DNA content of
      those of females. Spermatocytes from testes had 1c DNA contents. These
      observations indicate that the male is haploid and that spermatogenesis is
      atypical and involves no reductional divisions.

PMID- 978177
TI  - Isolation and characterization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mutants affected in
      the utilization of octopine, octopinic acid and lysopine.
AB  - Using an enrichment procedure, mutant strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were
      isolated that lacked the ability to utilize octopine as a nitrogen source. Of 55
      such isolates, 44 were unable to utilize several amino acids; the remaining 11
      strains were altered solely in their ability to utilize octopine, octopinic acid
      and lysopine. It is concluded that only the latter were plasmid mutations. Among
      them, there was a high, but no absolute, correlation with avirulence. All strains
      contained the T1 plasmid. All virulent strains showed active transport of
      octopine when they had previously been grown in medium containing octopine,
      whereas the avirulent strains failed to show such transport. All the virulent
      mutants induced tumours containing octopine. The results are discussed in
      relation to the hypothesis that the genes which code for the octopine
      synthesizing enzymes in the tumour are of bacterial origin.

PMID- 978178
TI  - Sodium-dependent growth and respiration of a nonhalophilic bacterium, Pseudomonas
      stutzeri.
AB  - Pseudomonas stutzeri (van Niel strain) requires Na+ for growth. Its growth rate
      was a sigmoidal function of Na+ concentration, being maximal and constant from 2
      to 50 mM-Na+, and half maximal at about 0-5 mM-Na+. The relationship between cell
      concentration and Na+ concentration was non-linear; cell concentration increased
      abruptly when Na+ was greater than 0-3 mM. Accumulation of Na+ in the organism
      during growth was not detected. In the presence of K+, respiration was enhanced
      specifically by Na+. The respiration rate of the organism growing in the culture
      was a linear function of the growth rate when limited by the Na+ concentration,
      whereas the maximum rate induced by excess Na+ was independent of the growth
      rate.

PMID- 978179
TI  - Oxidation of aromatic acids by a facultative thermophilic Bacillus sp.

PMID- 978180
TI  - Cell-wall composition and structure of yeast cells and conjugation tubes of
      Tremella mesenterica.
AB  - Cell walls prepared from vegetative yeast cells and from hormone-induced
      conjugation tubes of the basidiomycete Tremella mesenterica had similar
      compositions. Evidence was found for 1,3-alpha-glucan (yeast 38%, tube 25%), 1,3
      beta-1,6-beta-glucan (yeast 33%, tube 48%) and chitin (both less than 3%) in the
      walls. The walls also contained xylose (5 to 7%), mannose (6%), glucuronic acid
      (approx. 2%), and traces of galactose. Protein amounted to less than 2% of the
      wall weight. The cell capsule was very insoluble and could not be removed from
      the cell wall. The conjugation hormone did not appear to exert its effect on cell
      shape by causing gross changes in wall composition.

PMID- 978181
TI  - Polyamines in bacteriophage phi W-14 and in phi W-14-infected Pseudomonas
      acidovorans.
AB  - Bacteriophage phi W-14 is sensitive to osmotic shock. It contain sufficient free
      putrescine, 2-hydroxyputrescine and spermidine to neutralize about 15% of the DNA
      phosphates. The alpha-putrescinylthymine residues of the DNA could neutralize a
      further 25% of the phosphates. Label is transferred from ornithine to the alpha
      putrescinyl residues of phi W-14 DNA. The rates of polyamine synthesis in
      Pseudomonas acidovorans are increased by phi W-14 infection.

PMID- 978182
TI  - Salt-dependent haemagglutinating measles virus in S.S.P.E.
AB  - Two strains fo S.S.P.E. virus show both haemagglutinin and salt-dependent
      haemagglutinin. These properties are associated with distinct plaque forms within
      each strain. The existence of salt-dependent strains in wild-type measles virus
      suggests that they should be found in the early isolates of all strains of
      S.S.P.E.

PMID- 978183
TI  - Inhibition of influenza virus replication in tissue culture by 2-deoxy-2,3
      dehydro-N-trifluoroacetylneuraminic acid (FANA): mechanism of action.
AB  - The neuraminidase inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-trifluoroacetylneuraminic acid
      (FANA) inhibits the mutlicycle replication of influenza viruses in tissue
      culture. Influenza virus grown in the presence of FANA contains neuraminic acid
      on its envelope which then serves as receptor for other virus particles causing
      extensive aggregation. Thus, FANA inhibits influenza virus replication by
      preventing the enzymatic removal of neuraminic acid from the virus envelope.

PMID- 978184
TI  - Effects of interferon on the human clonal cell line, RSa: inhibition of
      macromolecular synthesis.
AB  - Multiplication of the human clonal cell line, RSa, is completely inhibited by
      human leukocyte interferon preparations. Synthesis of DNA and protein is markedly
      reduced in these cells in proportion to the concentration of interferon applied.
      Interferon treatment leads to accumulation of cells of an epithelial morphology
      which do not enter the division cycle. It is suggested that the growth inhibitory
      effects of interferon on RSa cells may result from these effects.

PMID- 978185
TI  - A small RNA virus with a divided genome from Heteronychus arator (F.) [Coleoperai
      Scarabaeidae].
AB  - Some properties of a small RNA virus isolated from larvae of Heteronychus arator
      [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae] are described. The virus develops in the cytoplasm of
      gut and fat body cells and is 30 nm in diamter. The sedimentation coefficient of
      virus was 137S and the buoyant density was 1-33 g/ml. The single stranded RNA was
      isolated as two species which sedimented at 22S and 15S, corresponding to mol.
      wt. of 1-0 and 0-5 X 10(6) respectively. The base ratios of the two RNA species
      were 22 S: A=29-0, C=24-1, G?-8, U=24-1; 15S:A=26-4, C=23-8, G=24-7, U=25-2.
      There was one major polypeptide, mol. wt. 40 000 and two minor polypeptides in
      the virus. The virus was infective for Galleria mellonella and some other
      insects, but was not infective for mice. No evidence was obtained to suggest that
      the two RNA species were present in different particles.

PMID- 978186
TI  - Recent life changes and outcome of prolonged competitive stress.
AB  - To test the predictive utility of subjects' recent life changes with regard to
      outcome of prolonged competitive stress, the authors studied racers (N = 25) in a
      long distance Alaskan sled race, the Iditarod. Rank order correlations between
      subjects' 1-year life change units (LCU) total and adjusted place of finish
      proved significant by both Kendall's and Spearman's Test. Thus, lowe LCU scores
      correlated with better performance and higher scores with poorer performance.
      Differences between subgroupings of the racers are considered. The work suggests
      that the usefulness of recent life changes assessment may be extended beyong
      physical illness, particularly in the study of response and adaptation to
      prolonged stress.

PMID- 978187
TI  - On the methods and theory of reliability.
AB  - This paper reviews the most frequently used and misused reliability measures
      appearing in the mental health literature. We illustrate the various types of
      data sets on which reliability is assessed (i.e., two raters, more than two
      raters, and varying numbers of raters with dichotomous, polychotomous, and
      quantitative data). Reliability statistics appropriate for each data format are
      presented, and their pros and cons illustrated. Inadequancies of some methods are
      highlighted. The meaning of different levels of reliability obtained with various
      statistics is discussed. This critique is intended for the reading professional
      and the investigator who has an occasional need for reliability assessment.
      Statistical expertise is not required and theoretical material is referenced for
      the interested reader. Necessary formulas for computations are presented in the
      appendices. A summary table of some suitable reliability measures is presented.

PMID- 978188
TI  - Psychological differentiation and psychotherapy.
AB  - Patient's level of psychological differentiation was studied in relation to
      patients' and therapists' evaluations of the initial psychotherapy session. The
      evaluations assessed two broad dimensions of the interaction which generally have
      been considered important for psychotherapeutic success and which have been found
      to be related to patients' psychological differentiation: namely, patients' and
      therapists' satisfaction with the amount of structure, and therapists'
      impressions of patients' appropriateness for therapy. Significant correlations
      were obtained between patients' psychological differentiation and both of these
      dimensions. However, two control variables, socioeconomic status and alcohol use,
      were also found to be related to these dimensions. When the effects of these
      variables were partialed out, the relationships with therapists' impressions of
      appropriateness disappeared, but the relationships with patients' and therapists'
      satisfaction with the amount of structure remained significant. The relationship
      of these findings to other studies of psychological differentiation and
      psychotherapy is discussed. Finally, the contribution of the present results to
      the choice of the most appropriate measure of psychological differentiation is
      noted.

PMID- 978189
TI  - The relationships of the process/reactive, paranoid/nonparanoid, length of
      illness, and length of hospitalization dimensions to schizophrenic abstract
      thinking deficits.
AB  - Attempts to determine whether the quality of schizophrenic thought disorder
      varies from one type of schizophrenic to another in earlier studies have been
      hindered by the contamination of the major individual difference dimensions with
      each other. In the project described here, partial correlations were run between
      each of two abstraction deficit measures (Proverbs Test Abstract Level and Autism
      scores) and four independent variables which represent dimensions commonly used
      as criteria in individual differences research in schizophrenia--Ullmann
      Giovannoni Process-Reactive scores, the MMPI Paranoia Scale, length of illness,
      and length of hospitalization. In each correlation the three noncriterion
      individual difference measures, the unused abstraction measure, age, education,
      and WAIS Vocabulary were partialed out. The correlations were also corrected for
      attenuation. After partialing, level of abstraction was negatively correlated
      with processness. Autism was positively related to reactiveness and length of
      hospitalization. Neither of two paranoid/nonparanoid measures used nor length of
      illness was related to either dependent variable.

PMID- 978190
TI  - Factors compelling psychiatric hospitalization in crisis.
AB  - At a time in a large community mental health center when all adjunct facilities
      were geared for crises, the compelling determinants in those patients still
      requiring hospitalization were studied. It was found that all patients answered
      affirmatively to one or more of the following six categories as occurring in
      their prehospital life: 1) alcohol abuse; 2) other drug abuse; 3) suicidal
      attempt; 4) a recent loss; 5) stoppage (or reduction) of medication; 6) stoppage
      of outpatient treatment. It was found that those patients diagnosed schizophrenic
      (69 per cent) did not significantly differ in the number of affirmative answers
      given in each of the six categories when compared to the total patient
      population. The most frequent categories to which an affirmative answer was given
      were stoppage of medication and stoppage of outpatient treatment. There did
      appear to be a trend for various combinations of these categories in a give
      patients. The schizophrenic group tended to have more affirmative answers in
      combinations of categories 3 and 4. The importance of these findings in the
      hospitalization and follow-up treatment of psychiatric patients is discussed.

PMID- 978191
TI  - Prolonged LSD flashbacks as conversion reactions.
AB  - This paper presents a case study of the background and treatment of a patient
      with prolonged LSD flashbacks. The hypothesis that flashbacks can be
      psychologically determined symptoms is supported by the dynamics of the case and
      the course of treatment. A second focus is a partial explanation for the often
      made observation that obessive-compulsive personalities are at increased risk for
      LSD flashbacks.

PMID- 978192
TI  - Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of
      the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat.
AB  - Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the
      nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or
      internal carotid nerves. Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a
      membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal
      vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which
      evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue
      whose activity was revealed after alpha-receptor blockade, had a similar
      threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres. Membrane contraction, nasal
      vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by
      stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the
      nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which
      may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa. The
      preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S1-S4.
      S1, S2 and usually S3 fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S2, S3
      and sometimes S1 fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S3,
      usually S2 and occasionally S1 fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in
      the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but
      not S4 fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three
      effectors. There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of
      the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical
      sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses
      were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the
      mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.

PMID- 978193
TI  - [The embryonic pineal organ of Lacerta vivipara J. I. Differentiation of the
      cells of the sensory line (CSL). The gradient of morphological differentiation].
AB  - This paper deals with the cytological development of the cells of the sensory
      line (CSL) of the pineal organ in Lacerta vivipara J. from the embryonic stage 30
      on to the third day after birth. The general results are diagrammatically
      represented in figure 29. Only from stage 35 on, a diversity of sensory line
      cells can be distinguished. During ontogenetic development, in the photoreceptor
      cells (P) secretory activity is not observed. From stage 38 on, the
      photoreceptive poles of these elements show a differentiation of disks while,
      from stage 37 on, their basal processes make synaptic contacts with dendritic
      outgrowths originating from intra-epithelial sensory nerve cells. The embryonic
      secretory rudimentary photoreceptor cells (SRP) are characterized by an intensive
      secretory activity. Our quantitative analysis reveals a highly significant
      increase, during ontogenetic development, of the number of dense secretory
      granules, stored in the basal processes of the SRP. The photoreceptive poles of
      the SRP, just like those of the P cells, show the differentiation of disks from
      stage 38 on. Only just after birth, the outer segments of the SRP become
      rudimentary. From the absence of characteristic synaptic contacts between the
      basal processes of the SRP and dendrites of the sensory nerve cells it is
      concluded that, during ontogenetic development, the SRP become rudimentary as
      photoreceptivity is concerned. During the ontogenetic development of the pineal
      organ in Lacerta vivipara, morphological signs pointing to regression of its
      photoreceptor function are not very marked. In showing a photoreceptive
      differentiation of the outer segments of the SRP, the present investigation
      agrees with phylogenetic studies by other authors and supports the concept of the
      presence of a sensory cell line in the vertebrate pineal organ (Collin, 1969 b).

PMID- 978194
TI  - Effect of the activation of alpha-adrenoreceptors on the synthesis and release of
      noradrenaline by peripheral adrenergic nerves in vivo.
AB  - The synthesis and release of noradrenaline (NA) in the heart and submaxillary
      glands were studied in the rat following s.c. injections of oxymetazoline (50
      mug/kg) or noradrenaline (500 mug/kg). NA release was evaluated from the decline
      in tissular specific radioactivity after administration of 3H-NA and NA synthesis
      by the estimation of the amounts of 3H-NA synthesized from 3H-tyrosine (TY) or 3H
      Dopa, 30 min after the injection. Oxymetazoline treatment delayed the release of
      NA, the NA biological half-lives rising from 12 up to 36 hours in the heart and
      from 5.9 up to 21 hours in sub-maxillary glands. This inhibitory effect on NA
      release was interpreted as the consequence of the stimulation of alpha
      adrenoreceptors. Thirty minutes after its injection, oxymetazoline increased both
      NA endogenous levels and 3H-NA amounts formed from 3H-TY: 3H-NA specific
      activities were not significantly altered. NA treatment led to an acceleration of
      NA release in the heart (NA biological half-life decreasing from 12 to 2.2 hours)
      but not in sub-maxillary glands. After injection of 3H-TY, the amounts of 3H-NA
      found in the heart and sub-maxillary glands were strongly reduced. Similar
      results were observed in the heart using 3H-Dopa as a precursor. These data are
      interpreted as the consequence of the removal of the newly synthesized 3H-NA by
      exogenous NA. The results obtained with oxymetazoline point out a dissociation
      between the NA release which is reduced and the NA synthesis which is unaltered.
      This indicates that NA synthesis rate by sympathetic nerve terminals is not
      immediately regulated by its release intensity. These data do not support the end
      product feedback inhibition hypothesis according to which tyrosine hydroxylase is
      regulated by the intraneuronal NA concentration.

PMID- 978195
TI  - Evidence for involvement of central noradrenergic neurons in the cardiovascular
      depression induced by morphine in the rat.
AB  - Morphine caused in the anaesthetized rat reduction in brain noradrenaline (NA)
      turnover, hypotension and bradycardia, similarly to the antihypertensive, alpha
      adrenergic agonist, clonidine. All effects of morphine were antagonized by
      naloxone, as well as the alpha-receptor antagonist, yohimbine. In contrast,
      naloxone did not affect the circulatory depression and reduction in brain NA
      utilization by clonidine which both previously have been found to be antagonized
      by yohimbine. In contrast to clonidine, morphine even in high doses did not
      facilitate the flexor reflex activity of acutely spinalized rats. Pretreatment
      with protriptylin largely attenuated the circulatory depressive effects of
      morphine, as it has previously been found to block the corresponding effects of
      clonidine. Thus, the morphine-induced cardiovascular depressive effects are
      primarily elicited by activation of opiate receptors. However, the inhibition of
      brain NA neurotransmission by morphine appears critically involved in the
      mediation of the circulatory depression.

PMID- 978196
TI  - Distribution of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in relation to the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal system of the teleost Clarias batrachus (L.).
AB  - Varying degrees of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were noticed all along the
      hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory tract in C. batrachus. Intense activity
      was evident on the wall of the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis, neurons of
      the nucleus preopticus (NPO) and nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT). However, MAO
      activity was also observed in the cytoplasm of some neurons in the ventromedian
      region of the NLT and groups of cells present in the neurohypophyseal
      ramifications of the pars intermedia. A strong accumulation of formazan granules
      in the median eminence (ME) and the neuroadeno interface lends further support to
      the view that C. batrachus has a ME of both the tetrapodan and the teleostean
      type. The distributional pattern of MAO in the hypothalamus and hypophysis
      suggests that monoaminergic fibres are probably involved in the secretory
      mechanism of the releasing factors and pituitary hormones.

PMID- 978197
TI  - Molecular biology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. I. Effect of
      parkinsonism, age, sex and L-dopa on platelet monoamine oxidase.
AB  - Since there is substantial evidence for a nigrostriatal dopamine defect in
      Parkinson's disease and since monoamine oxidase (MAO) appears to be essential for
      the degradation of dopamine, we investigated whether this enzyme is involved in
      the pathogenesis of this disease or in the therapeutic action of L-dopa. To gain
      a solid basis for our analysis we studied some properties of platelet MAO, at
      present the only practical in vivo source for human MAO. Substrate and inhibitor
      pattern clearly pointed to a predominant B-type character of this enzyme. By
      using 3 substrates, m-iodobenzylamine, p-methoxybenzylamine, and tyramine, we
      found a marked age and sex difference in MAO activity. In untreated parkinsonian
      patients, platelet MAO was slightly reduced as compared with age- and sex-matched
      controls. Treatment with L-dopa induced a further reduction of platelet MAO
      activity in both sexes, but more in men than in women. We conjecture that the
      action of L-dopa on parkisonian patients is twofold: L-dopa is known to enhance
      the release of gonadotropins and thus to increase the production of sex hormones
      which in turn are capable of reducing MAO activity. Dopamine, formed from L-dopa,
      may thus have a better chance for survival in reaching the dopaminergic receptor.
      A new form of therapy, based on this concept, is proposed.

PMID- 978198
TI  - Acute effects of histamine on plasma prolactin and luteininzing hormone levels in
      male rats.
AB  - Histamine injected into the 3rd ventricle of normal male rats at doses of 5-60
      mug (free base) caused a marked release of prolactin. Responses were prevented by
      the antihistamine chlorpheniramine but not by atropine, methysergide or
      phenoxybenzamine. It thus seems that effects of histamine on prolactin are
      specific and not mediated by other neurotransmitters. Plasma LH remained normal
      after injection of low doses but it was decreased after high doses. The results
      obtained indicate a facilitatory role of histamine on prolactin release.

PMID- 978199
TI  - Pharmacological evidence for a selective antidopaminergic action of gamma
      hydroxybutyric acid.
AB  - D-Amphetamine (Amph) and p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) induced dose-dependent
      increases in oropharyngeal myocloniform twitch activity (MTA) in rats
      anesthetized with urethane. In doses of 80-120 mg/kg, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
      (GHB) blocked Amph-induced MTA. The blockade was readily surmountable.
      Pretreatment with reserpine markedly enhanced the myoclonigenic effect of Amph
      and rendered it insensitive blockade by GHB, 160 mg/kg. PCA and tryptamine also
      effectively stimulated MTA, but unlike Amph were antagonized by low doses of the
      serotonin (5-HT) antagonist methysergide. In doses which blocked Amph, GHB failed
      to antagonize the myoclonigenic effect of PCA. It is concluded that: (a) the
      actions of Amph and PCA on MTA is less sensitive to GHB blockade than DA-mediated
      MTA; and (c) the GHB-Amph antagonism may be of a functional nature, i.e. result
      from a depression of the firing activity of DA neurons produced by GHB. Since
      reserpinization abolished the GHB effect on Amph-induced MTA, the functional
      integrity of granular DA binding and releasing mechanisms appears to be a pre
      requisite for the antagonism between GHB and Amph.

PMID- 978200
TI  - A histochemical investigation of catecholamines in spinal cord injury.
AB  - The catecholamine hypothesis of progressive spinal cord necrosis following
      mechanical trauma was investigated with the histofluorometric method. Forty-four
      adult mongrel dog were examined as control, L1 crush-injured, and crush-injured
      with prior T1 total transection groups. In crush injured dogs, catecholamines
      were present in a 1 cm length of white matter at the crush site, with the
      greatest accumulation in the deep lateral and ventral funiculi. Gray matter
      fluorescence was not enhanced. Prior transection did not abolish the intense
      accumulation of catecholamines at the site of the cord injury. We propose that
      the catecholamines accumulating at the cord injured site are not central in
      origin, but represent an uptake mechanism into white matter as a reflection of
      cord microperfusion.

PMID- 978201
TI  - Effect of pinealectomy on gonadotrophins in immature female rats.
AB  - Pinealectomy, performed in new-born female rats, causes a temporary decrease in
      pituitary LH content between the 21st and the 30th day of age as compared with
      the controls. In sham-operated rats a smaller decrease is observed.

PMID- 978202
TI  - Alteration of protein metabolism in individual, identified neurons from Aplysia.
AB  - A search for control mechanisms governing protein metabolism in neurons from
      Aplysia californica has uncovered two examples of altered patterns of newly
      synthesized proteins: (1) The pattern of newly synthesized proteins in the R2
      neuron is altered when protein synthesis occurs at elevated temperatures (22-30
      degrees C as compared with 13-15 degrees C). (2) The processing of newly
      synthesized 12,000 dalton (12k) material to 6-9,000 dalton (6-9k) size in the R15
      neuron (Strumwasser, F. and Wilson, D.F. [1976], J. Gen. Physiol., in press) can
      be blocked by certain ion replacements. If acetate replaces chloride in the
      incubation medium during the synthesis of 12k material, an early step in the
      processing, prior to the actual breakdown of 12k material, is blocked.
      Experiments with RNA-synthesis inhibitors indicate that none of the mRNAs which
      code for abundantly synthesized protein species in the R2 or R15 neurons have
      short (less than 4 hr) half-lives. This result has implications for an earlier
      report of regulation of protein synthesis in the R15 neuron.

PMID- 978203
TI  - Effects of different ions on resting polarization and on the mass receptor
      potential of carotid body chemosensors.
AB  - The carotid body and its own nerve were removed from cats anesthetized with
      sodium pentobarbital and placed in an air gap system; the carotid body was bathed
      in modified Locke's solution equilibrated with 50% O2 in N2, pH 7.43 at 35
      degrees C. The sensory discharges, changes in "resting" receptor polarization and
      the mass receptor potential evoked by ACh or NaCN were recorded with
      nonpolarizable electrodes placed across the gap. Receptor potentials and sensory
      discharges evoked by ACh showed an appreciable increase in amplitude and
      frequency when the preparation was bathed in eserinized Locke. Eserine did not
      change appreciably the responses evoked by NaCN. Excessive depolarization
      elicited by either ACh or NaCN was accompanied by sensory discharge block.
      Removal of K+ ions from the bathing solution induced receptor hyperpolarization
      and an increase in the amplitude of the evoked receptor potentials. An increase
      of K+ concentration had the opposite effect. Reduction of Na+ or NaCl to one
      half, or total removal of this salt, induced an initial reduction and later
      disappearance of the sensory discharges, some receptor hyperpolarization and a
      reduction in the amplitude of the evoked receptor potential. Reduction or removal
      of Ca++ produced receptor depolarization, a marked depression of the evoked
      receptor potentials, an increase in the frequency of the sensory discharges and a
      reduction in the amplitude of the nerve action potentials. High Ca++ or Mg++ had
      little or no effect on action potential amplitude or resting polarization, but
      decreased sensory discharge frequency and the evoked receptor potentials. Total
      or partial replacement of Ca++ with Mg++ induced complex effects: (1) receptor
      depolarization which occurred in low Ca++, was prevented by addition of Mg++
      ions; (2) the amplitude of the evoked receptor potentials was depressed; (3) the
      nerve discharge frequency was reduced as it was in high Mg++ solutions; and (4)
      the amplitude of the nerve action potentials was reduced as it was in low Ca++
      solutions. Temperature had a marked effect on the chemoreceptors since at high
      temperatures the receptors were depolarized and the discharge frequency
      increased. The baseline discharge and responses evoked by ACh or NaCN were
      depressed at low temperatures. The results are discussed in terms of possible
      receptor mechanisms influenced by the different ions.

PMID- 978204
TI  - The effects of mild proteolytic degradation on synaptic lectin binding sites.

PMID- 978205
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in neuromuscular diseases.
AB  - Determination of the creatine kinase isoenzyme pattern in 62 biopsy samples
      obtained from patients with neuromuscular disease revealed changes mainly in
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The BB isoenzyme was detected in 10 out of 17 cases
      with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the relative amount of MB+BB isoenzyme was
      significantly increased in this group (P less than 0.005). In serum the MB
      isoenzyme was detected in all 28 cases with progressive muscular dystrophy and
      frequently also in other neuromuscular diseases. Among 152 control samples the MB
      isoenzyme was detected only in 2 cases. It is suggested that the finding of MB
      isoenzyme in the serum with normal or only slightly elevated total CK activity
      may be a further proof of neuromuscular disorder, but the finding is not specific
      for any particular disease.

PMID- 978206
TI  - Some quantitative morphological aspects of post-natal human cerebellar growth.
AB  - Using a Quantimet 720 image analysing computer, the cellularity of the external
      and internal granular layer and the molecular layer has been measured in standard
      blocks of the lateral and central lobes of the cerebellum of apparently normal
      children. The DNA content of the nerve cells has also been measured and related
      to post-natal age. Standard cell concentrations per unit area have been
      established from birth to 14 years. The different lobules of the central lobe
      show different patterns of cellular development but all lobules reach their fully
      mature cellularity by 2 years. The maximum cellularity of the internal granular
      layer is maintained for several years, after which there is an apparent
      progressive reduction in the concentration of cells per unit area. Alterations in
      the DNA staining properties of the cell nuclei of the internal granular layer
      during normal development are presented.

PMID- 978207
TI  - Erythrocyte spectrin peak II phosphorylation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rapidly progressive crippling disease of
      young boys that is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. Previous studies
      have demonstrated the usefulness of erythrocyte studies in exploring membrane
      abnormalities in inheritied muscular dystrophy. Erythrocyte spectrin peak II
      protein (m.w. equivalent to 220,000) was more highly phosphorylated under initial
      rate conditions in DMD than in controls. The extent of peak II phosphorylation
      was greater in DMD erythrocytes and a Na+ stimulated peak II phosphorylation
      effect (Avruch and Fairbanks 1974) was not found to account for the differences
      between DMD and controls. The phosphorylated state of spectrin proteins in the
      membrane was evaluated and no differences in DMD could be measured. The maximal
      transfer of phosphate from differences in DMD could be measured. The maximal
      transfer of phosphate from [gamma-32P]ATP to spectrin peak II accounts for
      approximately 5-10% of the total phosphate content of spectrin.

PMID- 978208
TI  - Polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis of native cerebrospinal fluid proteins
      with special reference to immunoglobulins and some clinical applications.
AB  - Polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis has been applied to the fractionation of
      CSF samples obtained from 2m control subjects (range of age 16 to 77 yr, mean
      41.0 yr) and from 157 patients with various neurological diseases, with the
      purpose of evaluating the diagnostic significance of separated protein bands. It
      was found that the immunoglobulins, with some exceptions, were fractionated in
      the G-zone which was defined as an area between the origin and 0.57 in terms of
      relative migration based on transferrin (RT). Fourty-four percent of the whole
      Bence Jones protein bands which were examined were detected in the area of RT
      0.70-0.90. The normal values of CSF protein fractions were (means+/-SD):Pre-alb
      zone, 10.97+/-2.31%; Alb-zone, 40.74+/-5.72%; A1-zone, 5.25+/-0.72%; A2-zone,
      8.23+/-1.24%; B1-zone, 10.82+/-2.18%. B2-zone, 7.94+/-1.93%; G-zone, 16.05+/
      2.49%. The following significant results were obtained: (1) When the total
      protein concentration (TP) of CSF is increased: the percentage of the Pre-alb
      zone is lowered and that of the A1- and G-zones is increased in diseases such as
      neurosyphilis, infectious meningitis, brain tumour, multiple sclerosis,
      intervertebral disc protrusion and cerebral infarction. The A2-zone was
      diminished in cerebral infarction, and a similar change was seen in brain tumour
      with in addition a decrease of the B2-zone; (2) When the TP was normal: the
      percentage of the G-zone was increased in multiple sclerosis, brain tumour and
      intervertebral disc protrusion. In the latter 2 disorders the A1-zone also
      increased. This fraction also increased in the cases of cerebral infarction,
      whose mean age was, however, much higher than that of the control subjects.

PMID- 978209
TI  - Myofibrillar protein pattern in experimental myotonia in rats.
AB  - Experimental myotonia was induced in rats by long-term administration of 20,25
      diazacholesterol. Electrophysiological, morphological and biochemical
      investigations were carried out on m. soleus, m. extensor digitorum longus and m.
      gastrocnemius. The effect of 20,25-diazacholesterol administration on
      myofibrillar proteins was studied and a significant rise in the concentration of
      a protein presumed to be alpha-actinin was demonstrated in m. gastrocnemius. A
      change of the same character, not statistically significant, was observed in the
      m. extensor digitorum longus.

PMID- 978210
TI  - Abnormal tissue distribution of lead in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - The lead content of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was found to be significantly
      elevated in 12 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, when compared to 28
      control subjects having non-degenerative neurological disorders. The difference
      could not be explained as being merely secondary to blood-CSF barrier damage. A
      hypothetical model of the pathogenesis of the disease is advanced and the results
      are discussed in relation to this model.

PMID- 978211
TI  - Reactive hyperglycaemia in patients with acute stroke.
AB  - Initial and follow-up fasting serum glucose levels following acute stroke were
      evaluated retrospectively in 392 selected hospitalized patients. Transitory
      reactive hyperglycaemia was observed in a large number of patients (28% of the
      total series) without a history of diabetes prior to the acute cerebrovascular
      event. The data from this group suggest a possible relationship between the
      impairment of carbohydrate metabolism and the type and location of stroke since
      both the frequency and severity of the hyperglycaemic response were higher in
      patients with haemorrhagic stroke and brainstem infarction as compared with
      cerebral infarction. The incidence and degree of the reactive hyperglycaemia were
      also related to the severity of the acute stroke. There were more comatose
      patients in the group showing this phenomenon. Initial serum glucose levels in
      the latter group were higher in unconscious patients than in alert ones. In
      addition, hospital mortality was significantly higher in these patients.
      Transitory reactive increases of serum glucose levels were also observed in the
      majority of patients with a history of overt diabetes prior to the acute stroke.
      The hyperglycaemic reaction following acute stroke may be attributed to several
      underlying mechanisms. These include: a non-specific reaction to acute stress and
      tissue injury with the associated autonomic, hormonal and metabolic alterations;
      uncovering of underlying latent diabetes by the acute stroke; increased secretion
      of growth hormone due to stroke-induced hypothalamic dysfunction; and irritation
      of the glucose regulatory centres in the hypothalamus and brain stem by blood
      laden cerebrospinal fluid or local ischaemia.

PMID- 978212
TI  - A trial of antilymphocyte globulin in the treatment of chronic progressive
      multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), resistant
      to steroid therapy, were treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and
      prednisone (30 mg by mouth daily). Twelve patients completed a full course of
      therapy (2 ml ALG i.m. daily for 2 weeks and 2 ml i.m. on alternate days for 2
      weeks) and 6 others completed at least 2 weeks of daily injections. Six patients
      experienced an overall improvement of at least 15% using a comprehensive
      neurological scoring system. Three other patients had limited, but functionally
      useful improvement in specific neurologic functions. Six months after the
      completion of therapy, no patient had deteriorated to a level of function below
      that noted prior to treatment. Adverse reactions, which often necessitated
      stopping treatment, included fever, local inflammatory reactions, local rash,
      general malaise, mild anaphylactoid reactions, and enlargement and tenderness of
      regional lymph nodes. Because of the short duration of immunosuppression and the
      toxic side effects of ALG, we do not feel that ALG treatment yet deserves to be
      intorduced as a standard treatment in clinical practice. However, the improvement
      or arrest of progression seen in these patients who were deteriorating
      progressively despite steroid therapy would seem to justify a continued search
      for a safer method of suppressing immunity in MS patients.

PMID- 978213
TI  - Myelin composition in acute and chronic multiple sclerosis in relation to
      cerebral lysosomal activity.
AB  - The neuropathology of 3 cases of acute multiple sclerosis was correlated with
      biochemical analyses. Astrocytosis was a characteristic feature of the diffuse
      demyelinating lesions in one case and lymphocytic cuffing characterized the well
      defined plaques present in the white matter of the other two cases. No
      abnormalities were found in the protein or lipid composition of isolated myelin,
      despite a wide range of recovery. Nevertheless, the gel electrophoretic protein
      pattern of white matter adjacent to plaque areas showed selective loss of myelin
      basic protein. Lysosomal acid proteinase and beta-glucuronidase levels were very
      significantly increased in all white matter samples in which astrocytosis was a
      major neuropathological feature. Levels were less markedly raised in samples
      containing discrete active plaques. Enzyme changes were also found in the
      apparently normal white matter of 2 of the cases. Acid proteinase activity was in
      the normal range but the activities of beta-glucuronidase and acetylcholine
      esterase were elevated. The significance of these results in relation to glial
      cell activity in the early stages of demyelination is discussed.

PMID- 978214
TI  - Granulomatous angitis of the central nervous system. Case report and review.
AB  - The nineteenth case report of granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous
      system is described in a 47-year-old patient, who survived 2 years with his
      disease. Problems with establishing the diagnosis are discussed. No single group
      of clinical symptoms or laboratory data exist for making a positive diagnosis
      during life, although a combination of certain nonspecific factors such as mental
      change, spinal fluid protein elevation and pleocytosis should be present before
      the diagnosis of granulomatous angiitis is entertained. Special blood tests and
      immunological studies and contrast procedures, as well as cortical biopsy have
      been of little value in establishing the diagnosis; instead, a leptomeningeal
      biopsy may be the procedure of choice. This patient, as well as the others given
      a trial of steroid treatment, demonstrated some obvious detectable clinical
      improvement. All patients treated with steroids have survived longer than any
      untreated patient suggesting that these drugs may be of some benefit.

PMID- 978215
TI  - Hyperphenylalaninaemia and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Previous suggestions to the effect that a reduced proportion of long chain and
      unsaturated fatty acids in the CNS as induced by experimental
      hyperphenylalaninaemia in young rats may alter the biochemical reactivity and
      stability of the myelin have been examined using experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis (EAE). Lewis rats treated chronically with phenylalanine during
      development showed a higher susceptibility to EAE and a more severe course of the
      disease than their medium-treated litter mates. The possible implications of this
      observation for EAE as an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS) is
      discussed briefly in the light of the decreased levels of unsaturated fatty acids
      found in the CNS of MS patients.

PMID- 978216
TI  - Microdissection of peripheral nerve: collagen and lipid distribution with
      morphological correlation.
AB  - Peripheral nerve is a complex tissue composed of endoneurial fascicles surrounded
      by perineurium and epineurium. We separated endoneurium from peri- and epineurium
      in human sural nerves by "endoneurial plucking", a method of microdissection.
      Endoneurial contents (axons, myelin sheaths, Schwann cells, vessels, and
      interstitial collagen) were cleanly separated in high yield from enveloping
      connective tissue, by both microscopic and biochemical criteria. Most of the
      nerve sulfatide and unesterified sterol was found in the endoneurial fraction
      while most of the collagen was in the peri-epineurial fraction. This
      microdissection method should prove useful in biochemical investigations of
      peripheral nerve.

PMID- 978217
TI  - Morphological observations on motor end-plates in rabbits with experimental
      myasthenia.
AB  - The morphology of motor end-plates in rabbits immunized with Torpedo nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been studied by light and electron microscopy.
      Rabbits were studied either after one period of paralysis, some in parallel with
      electrophysiological recordings of MEPPs and EPPs and of Naja naja alpha
      neurotoxin binding properties or after recovery followed by a second paralysis.
      Changes in the sub-neural apparatus were noted after cholinesterase staining only
      in the latter group. Ultrastructurally, however, most end-plates in both groups
      contained a wide range of abnormalities. Many were similar in appearance to those
      observed in human myasthenia gravis (MG). This further supports the theory that
      immunized rabbits can be used as a model for myasthenia gravis. In the rabbits
      with 1 period of paralysis an acute stage of influence on the neuromuscular
      junction seemed to be present while simplified motor end-plates typical for human
      MG were mostly found in rabbits with 2 periods of paralysis. Short post-synaptic
      folds in conjugation with thickeneed membrane-bound vesicles at their tops,
      inside the basement membrane, were frequently observed. These were interpreted as
      if the crests of the folds containing nAChR had degenerated and had been budded
      off. If so, a large number of receptor sites had been lost which would be one
      possible explanation for the lowered capacity of the muscles to bind Naja naja
      alpha-neurotoxin. Membrane thickenings with projections and striations were
      interpreted as reflecting ACh receptors and were observed in the post-junctional
      membrane without proximity to the nerve terminal. The degeneration of the top of
      the post-synaptic folds and the occurrence of receptors at other locations within
      the motor end-plate will result in a widened distance between the nerve terminal
      and the receptors, which can explain previous interpretations of a presynaptic
      defect in MG.

PMID- 978218
TI  - Immunological observations on patients with Wilson's disease.
AB  - In 19 patients with Wilson's disease we found an increased humoral immune
      response, i.e. a higher level of IgG and IgM, a higher titre of antibodies
      against Kunin's CA antigen and a depressed cell-mediated immunity i.e. a lower
      response to DNCB and E. coli in skin tests, lower lymphocyte transformation when
      stimulated by Con A, PPD, Candida albicans and streptokinase and a lower
      production of macrophage migration inhibition factor. The changes observed in the
      group of patients with liver cirrhosis caused by other facotrs than Wilson's
      disease were similar but less pronounced. We also found that leukocytes of
      patients with Wilson's disease have an impaired bactericidal activity and that
      copper ions have an inhibitory effect on some tests for cell-mediated immunity.
      It seems probable that immunological abnormalities in Wilson's disease are caused
      by liver cirrhosis but we cannot exclude an inhibitory effect of copper ions upon
      the immune response and an associated effect upon leukocyte metabolism.

PMID- 978219
TI  - The effect of hypocapnia and change of blood pressure on cerebral blood flow in
      men with cervical spinal cord transection.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by a 133Xe inhalation technique in 8
      patients with chronic high spinal cord injuries. Six patients had a
      physiologically complete cervical cord transection and 1 subject had an
      incomplete C4-5 lesion but with evidence of interruption of sympathetic pathways.
      CBF and arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured in the supine position and
      then in the sitting, or feet up, position to produce a change of BP. In 4
      patients CBF was measured during a suction manoeuvre applied to the lower half of
      the body to produce a fall of BP. There was no significant change of CBF in the
      patients during hypo- and hypertension. The response of CBF to hyperventilation
      for 5 min was measured in the supine position and did not differ significantly
      from that of 13 normal "control" subjects and 1 patient with a lesion at T2-3. It
      is concluded that the responses of the cerebral circulation to change of blood
      pressure and to hypocapnia are normal in patients with high spinal cord
      transection. The mechanisms involved in these responses are therefore independent
      of control via cervical sympathetic pathways.

PMID- 978220
TI  - On the development of CNS lesions in natural canine distemper encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Acute lesions within spinal cord white matter have been studied by light and
      electron microscopy in 3 dogs suffering from the acute form of canine distemper
      encephalomyelitis (CDE). Prominent features of these lesions were viral
      inclusions, giant cell formation, cellular degeneration, myelin breakdown and
      phagocytic activity by cells believed to be derived from local glia. The viral
      inclusions occurred in giant cells, many astrocytes, macrophages and occasional
      oligodendroglia. Only suggestions of active viral replication from cell membranes
      were present. On the basis of the above features, these CDE lesions were classed
      as being acute. Perivascular inflammation and parenchymal invasion by
      haematogenous cells were lacking. However, older, gliotic, demyelinated lesions
      were always associated with inflammation. The pattern of demyelination in acute
      CDE lesions differed from those seen in other conditions, in particular the
      autoimmune demyelinating diseases. In acute CDE lesions, individual fibres became
      separated from others by rings of cells, the processes of which systematically
      stripped the myelin from the outer layers of the sheath inwards until a naked
      segment of axon remained. Some of the macrophages were recognisable as astroglia.
      Elsewhere, unequivocal astrocytes containing myelin debris were common. The
      results suggest that inflammation in acute CDE lesions is not a primary event,
      and that viral invasion causes breakdown of tissue which is accompanied pari
      passu by myelin destruction. The latter might be related to the non-specific
      release of host factors (viz. hydrolytic enzymes) or humoral factors during the
      cellular degeneration. Local cells appeared to participate in the process of
      myelin phagocytosis. Overt inflammation and damage by haematogenous cells were
      features only of chronic lesions and have been described previously in studies on
      chronic CDE lesions. The results are interpreted in terms of their relevance to
      the study of human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, of which CDE is
      considered the animal analogue, and multiple sclerosis, the paradigm of the human
      demyelinating diseases.

PMID- 978221
TI  - Spinal muscle in scoliosis. Part 1. Histology and histochemistry.
AB  - Histological and histochemical techniques were employed in a study of the spinal
      muscles from 35 adolescent scoliotic patients. Many abnormalities were found and,
      in general, the changes were indicative of denervation and neuropathy. None of
      the abnormalities were found at any one site more frequently than at any other,
      nor were they more often seen on one side or the other. None of the patients
      examined were normal at all sites of biopsy. These findings provide evidence of a
      neuropathic process being involved in the aetiology or progression of scoliosis.
      So-called "idiopathic" scoliosis may, perhaps, be the result of an otherwise sub
      clinical lower motor neurone disorder.

PMID- 978222
TI  - Spinal muscle in scoliosis. Part 2. The proportion and size of type 1 and type 2
      skeletal muscle fibres measured using a computer-controlled microscope.
AB  - The development of the computer-controlled microscope system described has made
      it possible to estimate accurately the contribution made to the muscle fibre
      population by both Type 1 and Type 2 fibres. This method is more convenient, and
      at least as accurate as manual methods. It is also possible to measure the size
      of the individual fibres using this system. The system has been applied to this
      study of the spinal muscles in scoliosis. The results show that there is a
      difference in the ratio of Type 1 to Type 2 fibres in the spinal muscles on the 2
      sides of the curve. The difference is found only at the apex of the curve. The
      results demonstrate that there are more Type 2 fibres on the concavity of the
      curve at the level of the apex. This difference is due to a disparity in the
      number of each fibre type rather than a difference in their relative sizes. The
      imbalance of Type 1 fibres at the apex of the curve may provide a sustained
      muscle pull on the spine so causing a curve convex to that side.

PMID- 978223
TI  - Clinical effects of cyclophosphamide in Guillain-Barre polyneuritis.
AB  - (1) Fifteen patients with severe Guillain-Barre polyneuritis in progression were
      treated with cyclophosphamide in a total of 23 courses. The illnesses in 11
      patients were monophasic, 2 were biphasic and 1 was of the chronic, relapsing
      variety; another was possibly biphasic. Length of illness prior to first course
      of cyclophosphamide was as follows: less than 1 week, 3; 1-4 weeks, 9; greater
      than 4 weeks, 3. (2) Progression stopped in association with 21 courses of
      treatment, in 6 before the treatment course was finished and in 15 an average of
      3 days after the last dose. Improvement began during or following 19 courses. (3)
      Time when progression stopped, time from end of progression to beginning of
      improvement, and subsequent rate of recovery, suggest that cyclophosphamide made
      a significant contribution to the recovery processes in 13 patients. (4) Ultimate
      degree of recovery was not significantly different from that expected in
      conventionally treated patients with monophasic illnesses. (5) Reversible
      alopoecia was the only significant complication attributable to cyclophosphamide
      toxicity. (6) Our experience suggests that further evaluation of cyclophosphamide
      should include the use of controls and earlier treatment.

PMID- 978224
TI  - Chronic neurologic disease in Theiler's virus infection of SJL/J mice.
AB  - This study demonstrates that most SJL/J mice inoculated intracerebrally (IC) with
      1000 suckling mouse 50% mean lethal doses of Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus
      (TMEV) develop flaccid paralysis 10-21 days after infection when there is acute
      spinal cord gray matter involvement (early disease). Surviving mice later develop
      a distinctive chronic neurologic disorder which is associated with marked
      mononuclear cell infiltrates and active demyelination in spinal cord white matter
      (late disease). Moreover, about one-fourth of infected animals only develop signs
      of late disease which may begin after an incubation period as long as 2 and a
      half months. Affected mice are less active, incontinent, and have a waddling,
      spastic gait. Minimal stimulation induces prolonged extensor spasms of all limbs.
      These late-developing manifestations of chronic TMEV infection are progressive
      and clinical remissions have not been observed. The effect of persistent CNS
      infection on general development was monitored by weekly measurement of body
      weight; however, the growth of chronically-infected mice was found to parallel
      that of control animals.

PMID- 978225
TI  - Analysis of serum immunoglobulins in hereditary sensory radicular neuropathy.
AB  - Serum and salivary immunoglobulins were studied in 11 members of a family
      including 3 patients with hereditary sensory radicular neuropathy (HSRN) in 1 of
      whom serum immunoglobulins were measured over a period of about 6 years. It was
      confirmed that serum IgA and IgG levels rose as the disease progressed. Although
      our results do not agree, in part, with the findings of Whitaker et al. (1974)
      who reported an increase in IgA alone, the present study suggested that such
      dysimmunoglobulinaemia deserves further study. Whether dysimmunoglobulinaemia is
      a primary phenomenon related to the development of HSRN or simply a secondary
      change remains to be further explored.

PMID- 978226
TI  - Two patterns of results in polyneuropathies investigated with the H reflex.
      Correlation between proximal and distal conduction velocities.
AB  - The Hoffman (H) reflex of the soleus muscle has been used to study peripheral
      neurological disorders in 79 cases of chronic renal insufficiency prior to the
      initiation of haemodialysis, and in 94 cases of chronic alcoholism. In both
      groups, care was taken to ensure that the subjects examined could not be
      suspected of any other type of neuropathy. The results have been compared with
      those obtained in 42 normal subjects. The nerve conduction velocity in the reflex
      pathway was evaluated by an H index formula in which the conduction time
      (interval between M and H responses) is related to the length of the nervous
      pathway (a function of the subject's height). This method demonstrated a marked
      reduction in the conduction velocity of the proximal parts of the peripheral
      nerves, in both uraemic and alcoholic subjects. The maximal amplitude of the
      reflex response was evaluated in relation to the maximal amplitude of the direct
      motor response (H max/M max). It was shown that this ratio diminishes very
      greatly and very rapidly in the course of alcoholic polyneuritis, while, at
      comparable conduction velocities, the amplitude of the reflex response is much
      less changed in chronic renal insufficiency. These results prove that there is a
      noteworthy difference between uraemic and alcoholic polyneuropathy. Its
      significance is discussed in the context of currently knwon histopathological and
      electrophysiological data on the polyneuritides. From a practical point of view,
      the H reflex appears to be an effective tool for the investigation of peripheral
      neuropathy in man.

PMID- 978227
TI  - Neurochemical findings in a perinatal sudanophilic leukodystrophy rich in steryl
      ester.
AB  - Neurochemical and neuropathological studies have been made of a 10-day-old child
      who suffered from a sudanophilic leukodystrophy. The brain white matter contained
      abundant sudanophilic material. The patient's grey matter total cholesterol
      content was 30% higher than whole brain tissue derived from a comparable control.
      White matter cholesterol content was more than double the control value. Nearly
      80% of the white matter cholesterol was esterified. Subcellular fractionation of
      the white matter resulted in a "floating fraction" rich in cholesteryl ester. The
      steryl ester fatty acid composition was not typical of control tissue or
      demyelinating tissue. Patient phospholipid fatty acid composition patterns
      differed from control, but white matter galactolipid fatty acid composition
      appeared normal. Cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity appeared normal. Myelin and
      myelin-like fractions, isolated from diseased and normal brain tissue, were of a
      primitive developing nature but appeared to be comparable. The findings indicate
      a neonatal sudanophilic leukodystrophy which doubtless began in prenatal life and
      which was rich in cholesteryl ester. The aetiology of the leukodystrophy is
      unknown.

PMID- 978228
TI  - Aspects of cortical organization related to the geometry of neurons with intra
      cortical axons.
AB  - Using the Golgi method, cells with intra-cortical axons in the visual cortex of
      young mice were classified according to defined geometrical axonal shapes. This
      study principally describes a computer technique and its application to the study
      of neuronal morphology. Neurons were converted in a sequence of three-coordinate
      points which were stored in digital form on magnetic tape. From the stored data
      and total real length in space of dendrites and axons was obtained and the
      results compared in two groups of mice raised under different conditions.
      Preliminary observations show short axonal lengths in mice raised in darkness.
      Using Eulerian coordinate transformations, reconstructions of individual neurons
      and of groups of several neurons and fibres were obtained by generating displays
      of different views after rotation around the horizontal axis. Reconstructed
      pictures were compared with their corresponding original drawings in order to
      describe particular aspects of cortical organization.

PMID- 978229
TI  - The openings of the central canal in the filum terminale internum of some
      mammals.
AB  - Openings of the central canal in the filum terminale internum of the rabbit,
      guinea pig, and rat have been studied by light and electron microscopy. There
      were two openings in the rabbit, two or three in the guinea pig, and one in the
      rat. They opened dorsally and were of two types; one type was without a pial
      covering, the other with a pial covering. In both types, a focal junctional
      apparatus associated with increased density of the subjacent cytoplasm was
      observed between the pial cell and the ependymal cell at the margins of the
      opening, where the basal lamina on the surface of the filum terminale showed a
      characteristic ending for each species. Injections of india ink into the lateral
      ventricle of the brain indicated that the cerebrospinal fluid of the ventricular
      system drains out of the central canal by way of these openings, into the
      subarachnoid space. Reissner's fibre of the rabbit and rat consisted of a mass of
      moderately electron dense fibrous material containing many small vesicles in the
      central canal of the filum terminale. This mass passed through the openings into
      the subarachnoid space and continued into the subdual space.

PMID- 978230
TI  - A nucleolus-associated coiled body.
AB  - One or two healthy structures frequently have been observed attached to nucleoli
      in facial motor neurons of the golden hamster. These round-to-oval structures,
      called "coiled bodies", were seen at 15, 19, and 24 days postnatal and in the
      adult, both in normal neurons and in chromatolytic neurons which had been
      axotomized 4 days previously. With one exception, the coiled bodies were seen to
      be attached via fibrillar material to the nucleolar periphery. Although the
      numbers of coiled bodies may be altered during neuronal maturation and as a
      result of axon section, the bodies revealed no structural alterations that could
      be attributed to developmental age or to experimental trauma.

PMID- 978231
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase activity of synaptic structures in the spinal trigeminal
      nucleus.
AB  - The electron microscope has been used to study the localization of
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of normal
      cats with special emphasis on the distribution near synaptic structures. Reaction
      product is found around both round and flattened synaptic vesicle-containing axon
      terminals, particularly in synaptic clefts and often specifically associated with
      the presynaptic, or less frequently the postsynaptic membrane. The presence of
      reaction product at these specific sites suggests that these are areas of high
      AChE activity and that acetylcholine may be important in neurotransmission in
      these regions.

PMID- 978232
TI  - Potential of Schwann cells from unmyelinated nerves to produce myelin: a
      quantitative ultrastructural and radiographic study.
AB  - In adult mice, most fibres in the cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) are
      unmyelinated whereas a large proportion of sural nerve fibres are myelinated.
      This study of nerve grafts in syngeneic mice was designed to determine if Schwann
      cells originating from the unmyelinated CST would produce myelin when in contact
      with regenerating axons of the sural nerve. Quantitative microscopy of triated
      thymidine-labelled CST segments grafted to unlabelled sural nerve stumps revealed
      that, one month after grafting, previously unmyelinated grafts contained many
      myelinated fibres. By phase and electron microscope radioautography, nearly 40%
      of the myelin-producing cells in the reinnervated graft were shown to have
      originated in the unmyelinated CST. These findings indicate that Schwann cells
      originating from unmyelinated fibres are able to differentiate into myelin
      producing cells.

PMID- 978233
TI  - Ultrastructural study of plasma membrane GM1 in neuroectodermal cells using
      cholera-peroxidase.
AB  - Cholera toxin was coupled to peroxidase to yield a highly specific marker for GM1
      gangliosides. Study of embryonic brain cells in culture revealed intense binding
      of cholera-peroxidase by plasma membranes of both neurons and glial cells. In
      contrast, long-term monolayer glioblastoma cultures, including one producing C
      type virus, revealed virtually no labelling of their plasma membranes. Such cells
      were shown to be capable of incorporating exogenously applied GM1 into their
      plasma membranes. Studies with fixed brain and synaptosomal fractions were in
      accord with results on embryonic brain cells in culture, and autoradiographic
      findings with 125I cholera supported observations made utilizing cholera
      peroxidase. From our studies there is some indication that long-term propagation
      in vitro alters the plasma membrane GM1.

PMID- 978234
TI  - Morphological aspects of the elimination of polyneuronal innervation of skeletal
      muscle fibres in newborn rats.
AB  - The ultrastructure of neuromuscular junctions of rat soleus muscles 1-40 days
      postnatally was examined for possible morphological correlates of the transient
      polyneuronal innervation which is present in newborn rats. Several vesicle-laden
      profiles of terminal axons are seen to contact each muscle fiber up to 8 days
      postnatally. Axon terminals often lie close together, without Schwann cell
      intervention. Between days 8 and 16 the number of profiles of terminals on each
      muscle fibre is reduced, and both Schwann cells and ridge-like extensions of
      muscle fibre cytoplasm intervene between and separate axon terminals. No signs of
      degenerating intramuscular axons or axon terminals could be found. It is
      suggested that the redundant terminals are eliminated by retraction into the
      parent axons. This process is apparently accomplished without any morphological
      signs of degeneration.

PMID- 978235
TI  - Peripheral nerve glycoproteins and myelin fine structure during development of
      rat sciatic nerve.
AB  - Developmental changes in relative amounts of peripheral nerve proteins and
      glycoproteins have been correlated with the degree of morphological myelination
      at various ages during the first 25 postnatal days in rat sciatic nerve. At birth
      there is virtually no major myelin glycoprotein (P0), but there is a protein
      which migrates to the same point on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide
      gels as the small myelin basic protein (P2). During the time myelin is being
      formed in the nerve, the P0 protein increases and the P2 protein appears to
      decrease in relative amount in the nerve. The accumulation of P0 protein in the
      nerve correlates extremely well with the degree of myelination in sciatic nerve.
      At 4-6 days postnatal, smooth membrane profiles are observed which are located
      within axons and in the inner Schwann cell cytoplasm. Such profiles are also
      observed to fuse with the axolemma-Schwann cell interface. The profiles may
      represent membrane material being added to or deleted from the axolemma or myelin
      during myelination.

PMID- 978236
TI  - Activity and excitability to electrical current of cortical auditory receptive
      neurons of awake cats as affected by stimulus association.
AB  - 1. Unit activity and excitability were studied at the midlateral and suprasylvian
      cortex of naive, blink-conditioned and "randomization" cats. The latter received
      the same CS and US as did the conditioned animals, but in random temporal order
      and with random intertrial intervals with mean comparable to that used for
      conditioning. The randomization group failed to develop a blink CR. 2. With
      conditioning, spontaneous and evoked unit discharges were increased above levels
      found in naive animals. Correspondingly, levels of extracellularly injected
      current required to elicit a spike discharge were lower in conditioned than in
      naive animals. In addition, in the conditioned animals, the degree of enhancement
      of evoked activity and excitability was found to be greatest in the units that
      responded to the CS, as opposed to units that responded to another auditory
      stimulus of equal intensity but of no special behavioral significance vis-a-vis
      the conditioned reflex. 3...

PMID- 978237
TI  - Effect of early exposure to patterned sound on unit activity in rat inferior
      colliculus.
AB  - 1. Young rats were exposed to one of two patterns of sounds for 5 h daily during
      the first 4 mo of life. The up pattern consisted of a tone swept from 6 to 9 kHz
      in 1 s alternated with a 1-s noise burst. The down pattern differed in that the
      sweeps were from 9 to 6 kHz. 2. A pattern evoked more spikes, on the average,
      from units in the inferior colliculus of rats exposed to that pattern than from
      units in animals exposed to the other pattern. 3. The exposure effect was most
      pronounced in the unit responses to the noise-burst segment within a pattern
      suggesting a long-lasting, malleable influence of the tone sweep which defined
      the pattern. Responses to pattern noise components were less for both exposed
      groups than for the unexposed controls, suggesting that inhibitory mechanisms
      were responsible for the pattern discrimination evident in the responses of the
      exposed unit population. 4. Unit responses in unexposed rats were somewhat more
      selective for the down pattern so that the resulting shift in response
      selectivity was relatively more apparent for exposure to the up pattern. 5. While
      control and down-exposed units generally responded more to both the tone sweep
      and noise burst in one pattern, a large proportion of the up-exposed unit
      population continued to favor the down over the up-swept tone, but responded more
      to the up-pattern noise bursts. This suggests that the unit responses to the
      noise bursts did not simply reflect prolonged responses to the tone sweeps. 6. No
      similar effects were seen for units from mothers similarly exposed to the same
      patterns.

PMID- 978238
TI  - Regulatory actions of human stretch reflex.
AB  - 1. The stretch reflex in the elbow flexor musculature was studied in 23 human
      subjects. The subjects were required to establish an initial force equivalent to
      10% maximum at a prescribed initial length; mechanical disturbances delivered at
      random times increased load force to 15% or reduced it to 5%. We measured arm
      force, displacement, and EMG (usually biceps); acceleration was calculated from
      displacement, and average responses from sets of 10 like trials. 2. Modification
      of the stretch reflex was studied by comparing average responses obtained with
      different instructions, but with the same disturbance. The usual introductions
      were "compensate for arm deflection" and "do not intervene voluntarily". The
      initial response did not depend on instruction; changes in response that depended
      on instruction began abruptly after a latent period which ranged from 70 to 320
      ms (measured from force and acceleration), depending on conditions and subject.
      The latency became longer (10-50 ms) and more variable when the subject did not
      know the direction of disturbance in advance. This and other observations
      indicate that modifications of the stretch reflex are not produced by servo
      actions. They are produced by triggered reactions, which occur at both short and
      long latencies and which have properties resembling the movements produced in a
      reaction-time task. 3. We confirmed that most subjects can suppress triggered
      reactions when the instruction calls for no intervention, leaving an unmodified
      reflex response. This response consists of a compliant deflection of the arm in
      the direction of the disturbance. 4. The compensatory actions associated with
      unmodified stretch (and unloading) reflexes were assessed from EMG responses of
      biceps. During a 300-ms transient phase, EMG changes were notably asymmetric when
      responses to symmetric disturbances were compared. Increased force stretched
      biceps and produced a prominent increase in EMG, whereas decreased force allowed
      biceps to shorten and produced either an EMG decrease of smaller magnitude or an
      actual increase. These asymmetric reflex actions produced quite symmetric
      mechanical responses (arm displacements and forces), which implies the existence
      of and compensation for nonlinear muscle mechanical properties. This result is
      discussed in relation to the hypothesis that the function of the stretch reflex
      is to compensate for variations in muscle properties, thus maintaining stiffness.
      5. Effective control of muscle length or joint position does not result from
      servo action by the stretch reflex. Errors in position are corrected only when
      triggered reactions are superimposed on the reflex response.

PMID- 978239
TI  - Angiographic study of the growth of intracranial aneurysms.
AB  - The authors have attempted to assess whether there is any standard rate of growth
      of intracranial aneurysms. Angiographic studies were performed on 67 patients
      with 82 aneurysms with intervals between angiograms ranging from a few days to 10
      years. Examination of these records showed no consistent rate of change in size,
      possibly partly because of inherent inaccuracies in the method, which are
      discussed. The clinical reasons for the repeat studies are briefly mentioned. It
      is concluded that it is unwise to wait and see what may happen to any but perhaps
      the smallest aneurysm.

PMID- 978240
TI  - Lateral extracavitary approach to traumatic lesions of the thoracic and lumbar
      spine.
AB  - The lateral extracavitary approach to the spine was used for resection of
      displaced bpne and disc located anterior to the dura in 62 patients with
      traumatic lesions of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Fifty-two patients had closed
      vertebral fractures and 10 had gunshot wounds. The spinal cord was involved in 44
      patients, and the cauda equina in 18. A spinal subarachnoid block was
      demonstrated in 17 of 57 preoperative gas myelograms. Evoked potential
      recordings, although related to preception of joint rotation, tended to reflect
      the overall neurological condition and had some prognostic value. Significant
      improvement followed surgery in 46 patients with incomplete neurological lesions,
      and one was transiently worse. Before operation 18 patients were able to walk;
      nine with assistance and nine without. After operation 47 patients were able to
      walk; 12 with assistance and 35 without. Adequate bladder function was present in
      17 patients before surgery, and in 44 after surgery. A laminectomy had been done
      previously in 16 patients, 11 of whom improved significantly after anterior
      resection. Spine fusions were required in 26 patients, five of whom had a prior
      laminectomy. The major factor in the pathogenesis of the incomplete neurological
      deficit appeared to be distortion of the cord and roots by displaced bone and
      disc. Consequently, the primary object of treatment was the restoration and
      maintenance of normal anatomical relationships between the spinal cord or cauda
      equina and the spinal canal.

PMID- 978241
TI  - Prediction of mobility gains in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.
AB  - A measure of mobility for patients with spinal cord injuries is introduced that
      is very useful in determining patient recovery. The index is used to obtain a
      prediction equation for motor skills 1 year after injury. Important predictor
      variables identified include the patient's sex, rectal status, total reflexes,
      two treatment combinations, motor and sensory neurological history since injury,
      neurological status, and initial mobility score. Interpretations are made to
      explain the meaning of the contributions of these variables and show the
      usefulness of the prediction equation.

PMID- 978242
TI  - Myelotomy for control of mass spasms in paraplegia.
AB  - A new myelotomy knife is described and a procedure, designed to sever certain
      reflex connections while preserving as many corticospinal connections as
      possible, is presented. Through intermittent dorsal midline incisions the gray
      matter lateral to the central canal is severed bilaterally under the microscope
      from L-1 to S-1. This procedure relieved mass spasms and hyperactive reflexes in
      14 paraplegic or tetraplegic patients, but preserved postural reflexes and
      whatever voluntary motor power the patients had prior to myelotomy. Before
      myelotomy all patients were bedridden. Afterward nine patients were able to use a
      wheel chair and five were able to walk with the use of parallel bars or crutches.

PMID- 978243
TI  - Brain abscess caused by Salmonella typhi. Case report.
AB  - The authors report a rare case of a brain abscess associated with osteomyelitis
      caused by Salmonella typhi that remained in contact with human tissues for 33
      years without losing its virulence.

PMID- 978244
TI  - Primary Burkitt's lymphoma of the frontal bone. Case report.
AB  - The author reports a case of recurrent Burkitt's lymphoma in the left frontal
      region with extradural extension. Craniotomy was performed to relieve rapidly
      progressive intracranial compression. The patient received cytotoxic treatment
      postoperatively, with remarkable regression of the tumor.

PMID- 978245
TI  - Complications of halo-pelvic traction. Case report.
AB  - When halo-pelvic traction is applied at a rapid rate it may induce cranial nerve
      palsies. The sixth, ninth, and tenth cranial nerves appear to be the most
      vulnerable. A proposed etiology is the stretching of these nerves resulting in a
      compromised blood supply with a consequent temporary paralysis which usually
      improves within 8 to 10 weeks.

PMID- 978246
TI  - Foundation for International Education in Neurological Surgery, Inc. Report of
      activities, 1974-1976.

PMID- 978247
TI  - Spinal vascular malformations.

PMID- 978248
TI  - New 68Ga-labeled skeletal-imaging agents for positron scintigraphy.
AB  - The present skeletal-imaging agents labeled with radiogallium rely upon carrier
      gallium to augment bone uptake; no gallium-labeled bone-imaging agent free of
      this disadvantage is available. In attempts to develop such agents, we prepared
      68Ga-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate (68Gs-EDTMP) and 68Ga
      diethylenetriaminepentamethylene phosphonate (68Ga-DTPMP) and determined their
      biologic distributions in rats and dogs. These compounds combine the bone-seeking
      characteristics of phosphonic acid and the complexing ability of EDTA and DTPA
      analogs. The chelates are administered without gallium carrier. In rats, 50-60%
      of the carrier-free dose accumulates in bone at 1 hr after intravenous injection,
      while 25--30% is excreted through the urine. In dogs, at 3 hr after intravenous
      injection 35% is found in bone. Although the general patterns of organ
      distribution of the two 68Ga chelates are similar, 68Ga-EDTMP appears superior
      because of its faster blood clearance. Bone images obtained with this compound in
      dogs, using a multidetector positron camera, are presented. The optimum time for
      imaging was found to be 2.5--3 hr after injection.

PMID- 978249
TI  - A new nuclear medicine scintillation camera based on image-intensifier tubes.
AB  - A large-field scintilation camera for nuclear medicine application has recently
      been developed by Old Delft. The system is based on a large-field image
      intensifier tube preceded by a scintillator mosaic. A comparison is made with
      present state-of-the-art scintillation cameras in terms of modulation transfer
      function (MTF) and sensitivity. These parameters, which determine the performance
      of scintillation cameras, are not independent of each other. Therefore, a
      comparative evaluation should be made under well-defined and identical
      conditions. The new scintillation camera achieves considerable improvement in
      image quality. In fact, the intrinsic MTF of the new camera is rather close to
      unity in the spatial frequency range up to 1 line pair per centimeter (1p/cm).
      Further improvement would require a fundamentally new approach to gamma imaging,
      free of the limitations of conventional collimators (e.g., coded-aperture imaging
      techniques).

PMID- 978250
TI  - Procedures for receiving and opening packages containing radioactivity.
AB  - A concise set of procedures is presented to aid laboratory personnel in complying
      with Part 20.205 of Title 10, Chapter 1, of the Code of Federal Regulations,
      concerning the receipt and monitoring of radioactive materials. Because these
      regulations were written for a large and diverse community of licenses, they are
      difficult to implement on a day-to-day basis. The procedures presented here
      reduce the regulations to an operationally functional form.

PMID- 978251
TI  - A simplified radiopharmaceutical accountability record-keeping system.
AB  - A comprehensive system has been developed to ensure that a patient receives the
      proper radiopharmaceutical dose and that records of accountability are
      conveniently maintained. A radiopharmacy assay/utilization record serves as the
      control document for source products and derived new products. Color-coded
      numbered labels are used to maintain accountability among source products,
      derived products, prescriptions, logbooks, and patient doses. These measures have
      proved effective in simplifying documentation, minimizing dose-administration
      errors, and providing for radiopharmaceutical accountability.

PMID- 978252
TI  - Quenching curves: solutions by second-order polynomial regression.
AB  - This paper describes an inexpensive practical approach for the automated
      computation of quench corrections in beta-scintillation experiments, using a
      table-top calculator. This approach applies a second-order fit, ax2 + bx + c = y,
      where x is the channel A/B ratio for known quench standards and y describes
      efficiency. There is excellent agreement between measured values and the
      polynomial expression for most experimental A/B ratios.

PMID- 978253
TI  - Gallium-67 scanning of tuberculous peritonitis.

PMID- 978254
TI  - Color functional images of the cerebral blood flow.
AB  - Functional gamma imaging, in color, was established for regional cerebral blood
      flow (rCBF) using 133Xe. During 10 min after intracarotid injection of 133Xe in
      saline, 60 picture frames of the 133Xe clearance curve for the entire hemisphere
      were obtained. After nine-point smoothing, the rCBF for each of the 4,096 picture
      elements was calculated by two methods: the half-time method and the height-over
      area method. Both the 133Xe clearance half-times and the calculated CBF values
      were displayed, using 13 steps of color, as functional CBF images of the brain.
      Images of peak count and total count were also displayed on the same frame of the
      color television. Forty-six studies, performed on 37 patients with various
      cerebral disorders, were divided into two types: diffuse and focal. In the
      diffuse type, a decrease in CBF was noted in cases of normal-pressure
      hydrocephalus; successful ventriculoperitoneal shunt operations were followed by
      recovery of CBF. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery showed up as a wedge
      shaped area of decreased CBF, even when the conventional brain scan looked
      normal. Increased perfusion to a tumor was frequently associated with decreased
      CBF in the rest of the lateral hemisphere; such a decrease could be improved by
      surgical removal of the tumor.

PMID- 978255
TI  - Origin and location on the oral activity in sequential salivary gland
      scintigraphy with 99mTc-pertechnetate.
AB  - Conflicting views exist regarding the origin and location of the oral
      radioactivity seen in salivary gland scintigraphy with 99mTc-pertechnetate. The
      normal accumulation of oral activity was studied in a series of healthy subjects
      by sequential scintigraphy (anterior and lateral views) after intravenous
      injection of 2 mCi of 99mTc-pertechnetate. Ligation of the parotid ducts and/or
      cannulation of the submandibular ducts, which prevented their secretions from
      reaching the oral cavity, established that the oral activity was due entirely to
      radioactive saliva secreted by the parotid and submandibular glands.
      Pertechnetate mouthwash studies confirmed that radioactive saliva is absorbed to
      oral mucosa and that adsorption to the lingual mucosa in the major contributor to
      the oral activity. Pertechnetate uptake in sublingual and minor salivary glands
      of the oral cavity was not visualized, thereby invalidating scintigraphy in the
      study of these glands. In the diagnosis of salivary gland disorders, oral
      activity is a useful indicator of major salivary gland function.

PMID- 978256
TI  - A simplified approach to radionuclide venography: concise communication.
AB  - A simplified method has been developed for performing radionuclide venography.
      The method makes use of the scintillation camera and a synchronized whole-body
      scanning bed. This technique permits a more integrated presentation of the data
      and is performed in conjunction with a standard ventilation-perfusion lung study.
      The total amount of 99mTc tracer injected is 2 mCi.

PMID- 978257
TI  - Diagnostic scintigraphic sign in epidural hematoma at the vertex: case report.
AB  - Brain scintigraphy was described in a case of vertical (biparasagittal) epidural
      hematoma confirmed by contrast angiography. The anterior dynamic and static
      studies showed inferior displacement of the superior sagittal sinus, diagnostic
      of an epidural collection. Delayed static anterior and lateral images showed an
      increased vertical uptake with a crescentic and straight inner contour,
      respectively. A transaxial computed tomographic scan was negative.

PMID- 978258
TI  - The rim sign in epidural hematoma: case report.
AB  - A case of epidural hematoma of 7 days' duration showed a rim sign in the dynamic
      and static brain images. The significance and value of a rim sign are discussed.

PMID- 978259
TI  - Abnormal rapid-sequence imaging in a patient with subdural empyema: case report.
AB  - Static brain images in a patient with subdural empyema showed findings similar to
      those of a subdural hematoma. The rapid-sequence study, however, showed increased
      peripheral activity on the affected side. Since this finding suggested an
      inflammatory process, further neuroradiologic evaluation and immediate surgical
      treatment were undertaken. The significance of the rapid-sequence study in
      subdural empyema has not been reported previously.

PMID- 978260
TI  - Primary and secondary carcinomata with focal nodular hyperplasia in a
      multinodular thyroid: case report.
AB  - A patient is described whose multinodular thyroid gland was found to have a
      primary papillary adenocarcinoma, a metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, and focal
      nodular hyperplasia. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of such an
      unusual combination. In a patient with known malignancy elsewhere, the
      possibility that a recent thyroid mass may be a metastasis should be considered.

PMID- 978261
TI  - "Owl eye" sign in thyroid nodule of papillary carcinoma: case report.
AB  - A cold area within a benign autonomous thyroid nodule comprises the "owl eye"
      sign. A case of thyroid carcinoma is presented whose scan appearance simulates
      that of a benign autonomous nodule with the "owl eye" sign.

PMID- 978262
TI  - Technetium-99m labeling of human monocytes for chemotactic studies.
AB  - Although the current use of 51Cr for the evaluation of monocyte chemotaxis has
      yielded encouraging results, certain properties of this radionuclide leave room
      for improvement. Technetium-99m was evaluated as an alternative label for this
      purpose. A cell loss of 50% was found, but the recovered cells showed excellent
      viability and function. Chemotaxis was measured using a modified Boyden's chamber
      and a lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor. The chemotactic properties of 99mTc
      labeled human monocytes were preserved, and an excellent correlation between
      radioactive measurement and microscopic counting of migrating cells was observed.

PMID- 978263
TI  - Localization of skeletal-imaging 99mTc chelates in dead cells in tissue culture:
      concise communication.
AB  - Screening new agents for imaging myocardial infarcts and investigating the
      mechanism of cellular uptake and subcellular localization of these agents
      prompted us to develop a necrosis model in tissue culture. Live cells obtained
      from exponentially growing cultures and dead cells obtained from nutritionally
      depleted plateau-phase cultures were incubated with 99mTc-pyrophosphate, 99mTc
      hydroxyethylene diphosphonate (99mTc-HEDP), 67Ga-citrate, and 45Ca-HEDP. For the
      bone-seeking 99mTc chelates, the ratio of dead to live cell radioactivity was 15-
      20 after 1 hr of incubation. On the other hand, no preferential binding of 67Ga
      citrate was observed, indicating that the mechanism of 67Ga localization in
      infarcts is different from that of the 99mTc chelates. The death cells
      accumulated only twice as much 45Ca-HEDP or 45Ca-pyrophosphate as did live cells,
      possibly due to the carrier effect of calcium in the medium. The receptors for
      99mTc chelates could be partially blocked by preincubating the dead cells with
      microgram amounts of Na-HEDP. Heat-denaturation of live cells also increased the
      localization of 99mTc-HEDP in the cells, and this uptake was proportional to the
      duration of heating. Bone-seeking 99mTc chelates could be used for marking dead
      cells instead of conventional staining methods.

PMID- 978264
TI  - Dietary fat level as affecting running performance and other performance-related
      parameters of rats restricted or non-restricted in food intake.
AB  - The effect of food energy density on certain physical performance characteristics
      of rats was studied during ad libitum and weight-restricted feeding. After a 16
      week treadmill training period, 48 young adult male Long-Evans rats were divided
      into six groups, receiving 20%, 40% or 70% of energy as dietary fat and fed ad
      libitum or 40% by weight of average ad libitum intake. They were run to
      exhaustion once a week. Increased dietary fat level was not correlated with
      superior running performance at either food intake level, although during
      restricted feeding the high fat group received 40% more energy than the low fat
      group. Lower body weight was correlated with increased running performance at
      both food intake levels. The rate of performance increase with decreasing body
      weight during food restriction was significantly higher for the low fat than for
      the high fat group. Water consumption was considerably lower during restricted
      than during ad libitum feeding. Plasma glucose was lower when the 70% fat diet
      was fed than when compared to the other fat diets at both levels of food intake,
      lower from day 8 on of restricted that during ad libitum food intake, and lower
      on day 15 than on day 8 of the restricted intake.

PMID- 978265
TI  - Influence of fat level and type of carbohydrate on the capacity of pectin in
      lowering serum and liver lipids of young rats.
AB  - The effect of pectin on lowering cholesterol and fat concentration in tissues of
      the rat was investigated in relation to the level of fat and the type of
      carbohydrate. Groups of rats were fed nutritionally complete diets containing
      equal protein: energy, varied with 5% (low-fat, 2% corn oil plus 3% beff tallow)
      or 20% (high-fat, 2% corn oil plus 18% beef tallow) fat and cornstarch or sucrose
      as carbohydrate for 2 weeks. Although there were no interactions, the feeding of
      pectin reduced the cholesterol level in liver and serum from dietary cholesterol
      to a greater degree in rats fed the low-fat than in those fed the high-fat diet.
      This effectiveness also varied with type of carbohydrate. In the low-fat diet,
      this effectiveness was higher with sucrose than with cornstarch, but in the high
      fat diet, it was reversed. The size of perirenal fat pads and the concentrations
      of total liver lipid and cholesterol were less in rats fed the high-fat pectin
      diet than in those fed the high-fat diet without pectin, indicating that pectin
      also had an ability to lower fat absorption. When the level of serum alkaline
      phosphatase was lowered, pectin was more effective in lowering cholesterol level.
      This phenomenon, however, seemed due to the type of carbohydrate and fat rather
      than the cholesterol in the diet. Dietary cholesterol had no effect on the size
      of perirenal fat pads, but increased liver lipid content greatly in rats fed the
      high-fat diet. Dietary pectin increased the rate of removal of serum cholesterol,
      and a similar trend was shown in liver cholesterol which had accumulated from the
      pre-fed hyper-cholesterol diet.

PMID- 978266
TI  - Metallothionein and its relationship to the metabolism of dietary zinc in rats.
AB  - Metallothionein (MTN), a low molecular weight cytoplasmic metalloprotein has
      previously been implicated in the metabolism of Zn. Experiments were conducted
      with rats to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of dietary Zn for
      short periods on the increase or decrease in MTN-bound Zn. The results indicated
      that MTN-Zn in both liver and intestinal mucosal cytosol responded rapidly to an
      altered dietary Zn level and that serum Zn was directly related to the appearance
      of MTN. 65Zn absorption also responded rapidly to a change in dietary Zn and was
      inversely correlated with intestinal mucosal MTN-Zn. Hepatic 65Zn uptake appeared
      to be directly correlated with liver MTN-Zn. A 24 hour fast increased MTN-Zn in
      rats fed two different levels of Zn except in those rats that were previously
      treated with actinomycin D. The antibiotic, which blocks DNA-dependent RNA
      synthesis, appeared to block Zn uptake from blood to the liver. These findings
      offer support for the involvement of MTN in zinc metabolism.

PMID- 978267
TI  - myo-Inositol metabolism during lactation and development in the rat. The
      prevention of lactation-induced fatty liver by dietary myo-inositol.
AB  - Effects of dietary myo-inositol deprivation were examined during prenatal and
      postnatal development and during lactation in the rat. The deficient diet
      contained no detectable myo-inositol while the supplemented diet contained 0.5%
      (w/w) myo-inositol while the supplemented diet ct contained 0.5% (w/w) myo
      inositol at the expense of sucrose. Both diets contained 25% casein, adequate
      amounts of all known vitamins, choline, and essential fatty acids as well as 0.5%
      (w/w) phthalylsulfathiazole to depress myo-inositol contribution to the diet by
      microorganisms. Pregnant rats of the Holtzman strain were fed the respective
      diets during gestation and lactation, and pups were fed the corresponding diet
      after weaning until 3 months of age. There were no significant differen-es in
      body weight between experimental groups. Supplementation of the diet with myo
      inositol significanly increased the levels of myo-inositol in plasma, liver,
      kidney, and intestine of pups at all ages examined, and significantly increased
      the levels of myo-inositol in the milk and mammary tissue during lactation.
      During lactation, the myo-inositol deprived dams developed severe fatty livers
      (31% w/w) characterized by diminished phosphatidyl-inositol (50%) and total
      phospholipid phosphorus (57%) levels as compared with controls. After weaning,
      the liver lipid content of the myo-inositol deprived dams returned to normal
      (4.5%). The data suggest that a possible threshold level of free myo-inositol
      (approximately 0.15 mumoles/g lipid-free tissue) was required to prevent fatty
      liver in lactating dams under these dietary conditions. Effects of the deficient
      diet on fertility were also examined. Based on sperm count and production of
      offspring, there were no differnences between the experimental and control males.
      Females of both groups showed equal ability to produce offspring.

PMID- 978268
TI  - Absorption of dietary beta-sitosterol in laying hens and its incorporation into
      the egg.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine the dietary beta-sitosterol absorption in
      laying hens and its incorporation into the egg. Hens were divided into four
      groups and fed a commercial low-fat laying diet. Group 1 served as controls; the
      diet of group 2 was supplemented with 10% corn oil; group 3 with 4% plant sterols
      (emulsion in carboxymethylcellulose); group 4 with 10% corn oil and 4% plant
      sterols. The daily beta-sitosterol intake of hens in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was
      0.036 g 0.095 g, 2 g and 2.56 g, respectively. After consuming the diets for 30
      to 40 days, cholesterol and beta-sitosterol contents of the eggs were estimated
      by gas liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. Feeding corn oil
      with and without plant sterols increased cholesterol content of the eggs, while
      feeding plant sterols alone had no effect on egg cholesterol levels. The beta
      sitosterol content of eggs from groups 1 and 2 was similar (60-66 mug/g yolk) and
      feeding plant sterols increased the beta-sitosterol content to a very small
      extent (82-90 mug/g yolk). Studies on the dietary beta-sitosterol and cholesterol
      absorption indicated that there was very little absorption of beta-sitosterol. In
      control hens, beta-sitosterol absorption was about 7% compared to 81% cholesterol
      absorption. Plant sterols feeding did not affect the beta-sitosterol absorption
      but reduced cholesterol absorption by 40%. Feeding corn oil alone did not affect
      cholesterol absorption. Failure to detect any significant amount of beta
      sitosterol in these hens. At the peak radioactivity deposition in the eggs, only
      2% of the absorbed beta-sitosterol radioactivity was found in the eggs of group 4
      compared to 5% found in group 1, while cholesterol radiioactivity was nearly 4 to
      5 times in both groups. These data suggested that laying hens synthesized
      specific lipoproteins for deposition in yolk.

PMID- 978269
TI  - Characteristic inhibition of in vitro swelling of purified rat liver mitochondria
      induced by Ca2+ or thyroxine by feeding rats a low casein diet.
AB  - It has been shown previously by the author that the structure of rat liver
      mitochondria is changed by a low casein diet. In the present experiments, using
      the free fatty acid producing substances Ca2+ and thyroxine, and the free fatty
      acid sodium oleate, the influence of a 4% casein diet on the in vitro swelling
      process of purified rat liver mitochondria was investigated by following the
      decrease in optical density at 520 nm after addition of one of the swelling
      agents. Swelling due to hypotonicity was also investigated. Rats were fed the
      test diets for 80 to 100 days. Mitochondria were purified by washing three times;
      after each wash the isotonic suspension was centrifuged at 3,000 X g for 6
      minutes. The results show that the in vitro swelling of mitochondria induced by
      Ca2+ or thyroxine was inhibited greatly in the early period of swelling in rats
      fed a low casein diet. By comparison to this, there was not a notable effect of a
      low casein diet on the rate of swelling induced by sodium oleate. But in the case
      of sodium oleate, the values of optical density were always higher in rats fed a
      low casein diet, and the differences between two groups were always significant.
      Swelling due to hypotonicity was not affected at all by a low casein diet.

PMID- 978270
TI  - The biotin requirement of rats fed 20% egg white.
AB  - The biotin requirement of rats fed a diet based upon 62.4% sucrose, 20.0% egg
      white and 10.0% corn oil was determined using growth for 60 days as the
      cirterion. Maximal growth and maximal concentration of cholesterol in plasma
      occurred when the diet contained 2.00 mg biotin/kg. Growth depression was noted
      in one of two experiments in which 3.00 mg of biotin was present per kg of diet.

PMID- 978271
TI  - Maternal protein malnutrition during gestation alone and its effects on plasma
      insulin levels of the pregnant pig, its fetuses and the developing offspring.
AB  - The effects of restricting protein intake on plasma insulin were studied in
      pregnant pigs, fetuses and the developing offspring. Pregnant pigs were fed diets
      containing 18%, 3% or 0.5% protein throughout the gestation period. At 10, 13 and
      15 weeks of gestation, fetuses were removed from the uterus after bleeding the
      dam. Plasma samples were used for insulin determination by a radioimmunoassay
      procedure. At week 15 of gestation, plasma insulin levels were significantly
      higher in pregnant pigs fed 18% protein and also in their fetuses than in the
      other two groups. There was a high correlation between fetal insulin level and
      fetal growth rate (r = 0.84). Two-day-pld pigs from another set of pregnant pigs
      fed the diet containing 18%, 3%, or 0.5% protein during gestation were cross
      fostered to control nursing dams and weaned at 4 weeks of age to a standard diet.
      Plasma smaples obtained at regular intervals were used for insulin determination.
      Offspring of pigs fed 0.5% protein during gestation had consistently low insulin
      levels in postnatal life in spite of cross-fostering and standard feeding after
      weaning. It appears that one of the stimuli which control maternal insulin
      secretion and placenta transfer is the maternal protein intake while severe
      maternal protein restriction might contribute to the low levels of insulin in the
      progeny during postnatal life.

PMID- 978272
TI  - Effect of glycerol on lipogenic enzyme activities and on fatty acid synthesis in
      the rat and chicken.
AB  - The influence of glycerol on the rates of fatty acid snythesis in liver slices
      from rats and chickens in pieces of adipose tissue from rats was first studied.
      Then the effect of dietary glycerol on lipid metabolism in rats and cheickens was
      examined. Media containing 3 or 10 mM glycerol depressed the rate of glucose
      conversion to fatty acids in rat liver slices. However, media containing up to 25
      mM glycerol did not influence the rate of fatty acid synthesis in chick liver
      slices. The inhibitory action of glycerol in rat liver slices might occur at the
      level of glucose (or glycogen) conversion to pyruvate because glycerol did not
      inhibit pyruvate or acetate conversion to fatty acids. Rats and chickens were fed
      glycerol containing diets for either 3 days or 3 weeks. Feeding diets containing
      20.5 parts glycerol (22% of dietary energy) to rats or chickens did not influence
      the growth rate of the animals. However, substitution of 42.2 parts glycerol (43%
      of dietary energy) for glucose in the diet significantly depressed food intake
      and growth rate in both rats and chickens. The activities of citrate cleavage
      enzyme, fatty acid synthetase and malic enzyme in livers of rats fed the glycerol
      containing diets were dramatically increased. However, this stimulation of enzyme
      activity occurred without a concomitant increase in the in vivo rate of fatty
      acid synthesis in the rat liver. In the chicken, unlike the rat, dietary glycerol
      did not stimulate but instead decreased hepatic malic enzyme and fatty acid
      synthetase activities. No significant differences in adipose tissue lipogenic
      enzyme activities or in the rates of fatty acid synthesis were observed in rats
      fed glycerol-containing diets. The lipogenic response to glycerol feeding depends
      on the species as well as the organ.

PMID- 978273
TI  - Leukocyte transketolase activity as an indicator of thiamin nutriture in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using leukocyte
      transketolase activity (TKA) as an index of thiamin status. It was shown
      previously that hepatic TKA in rats is altered by changes in the type and amounts
      of carbohydrate, protein, and fat in the diet. It was, therefore, essential to
      determine whether leukocyte TKA in rats is affected by dietary factors other than
      thiamin intake. Hepatic TKA and leukocyte TKA both varied with dietary thiamin
      intake; maximum activity was attained when the diet contained 3 to 4 mg
      thiamin/kg diet. Administration of oxythiamin resulted in decreases in TKA in
      both liver and leukocytes. The changes in leukocyte and hepatic TKA induced by
      varying degrees of thiamin deficiency were closely correlated. The responses of
      thiamin content were also closely correlated in liver and leukocytes. However,
      only hepatic TKA was altered by increasing the fat or protein content of the diet
      or by substituting fructose for glucose. None of the dietary manipulations
      studied except the production of thiamin deficiency had any effect on leukocyte
      TKA. We conclude from our results that leukocyte TKA is a sensitive and specific
      indicator of thiamin nutriture in rats.

PMID- 978274
TI  - Food habits causing thiamine deficiency in humans.

PMID- 978275
TI  - The role of thiamine on excitable membrane of crayfish giant axon.
AB  - Electrophysiological and biochemical studies were performed to determine the role
      of thiamine in the excitable membrane of the crayfish giant axons, as it has been
      suggested that thiamine plays a role in the excitability of the membrane which is
      unrelated to the metabolic process. Thiamine (5mM) significantly increased the
      rising rate of the action potential without affecting the resting membrane
      potential and threshold potential. A recovery of the enhancement was evidenced by
      a wash of the axon with physiological solution. Pyrithiamine (10 mM) reduced the
      rising rate of the action potential without affecting the membrane and threshold
      potential. The reduction of dV/dt by pyrithiamine remained unchanged after a wash
      of the axon with physiological solution, while dV/dt increased after thiamine
      treatment. The amount of thiamine found in the crayfish axons was comparable to
      that observed in the rat sciatic nerve. In addition, pyrithiamine reduced the
      thiamine content in axons and protein binding thiamine of the axons. It is thus
      concluded that thiamine in the excitable membrane of crayfish axons plays a
      significant role in production of the action potential and is essential for
      maintaining the membrane excitability of crayfish axons.

PMID- 978276
TI  - Catecholamine metabolism in thiamine-deficient rats.

PMID- 978277
TI  - Early signs of thiamine deficiency.

PMID- 978278
TI  - Biochemical changes in thiamine deficiencies.

PMID- 978279
TI  - Thiamine status of human subjects, estimated by biochemical methods.

PMID- 978280
TI  - Alterative metabolic pathway of rats suffered from thiamine deficiency.

PMID- 978281
TI  - Allithiamine and its properties.

PMID- 978282
TI  - Absorption, utilization and clinical effectiveness of allithiamines compared to
      water-soluble thiamines.
AB  - Oral administration of lipid-soluble allithiamines [thiamine propyl disulfide
      (TPD) and thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTHF)] rapidly increased
      thiamine activity in whole blood, red blood cells, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine
      in normal and thiamine-deficient subjects. These thiamine congeners also restored
      red blood cell transketolase to normal in alcoholics with thiamine deficiency.
      Such repletion equaled that produced by parenteral, water-soluble thiamine
      hydrochloride (THCl) or thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Oral administration of
      water-soluble thiamines (THCl, TPP) neither elevated thiamine activity in
      biological fluids nor restored transketolase activity to normal in alcoholics
      with thiamine deficiency presumably due to their rate-limited intestinal
      transport. Oral administration of TPD eliminated lateral rectus palsy in patients
      with Wernicke's encephalopathy. Orally administered allithiamine vitamers are
      therefore recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of thiamine deficits because
      while having essentially the same biological properties as parenterally
      administered water-soluble thiamines they have not produced any untoward effects
      after long-term administration and are far more efficiently utilized.

PMID- 978283
TI  - Reactivation mechanisms of thiamine with thermostable factors.
AB  - It was observed, in vitro, that the water extract of the fermented-tea
      customarily chewed by Thai people has a similar thermostable thiamine
      inactivating factor to that found in the water extract of fern. It was also
      observed that the percentage of thiamine disulfide formed from thiamine with some
      flavones, catechol, pyrogallol, caffeic acid, dihydroxyphenylalanine, and hemin
      is greater at pH 7.5 than at pH 7.0. With some flavonoids, such as quercetin,
      rutin, and 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, and pyrogallol, hemin, catechol and
      caffeic acid at pH 7.5, around 30-100% of thiamine is changed into thiamine
      disulfide. Water extract of shiitake, okra, coffee, black tea and fukinoto have
      only weak activities of thermostable thiamine-inactivating factors as a large
      percentage of thiamine disulfide is formed from thiamine even at pH 7.0. 2-Methyl
      4-amino-5-aminomethylpyrimidine was isolated from the reaction mixture of 1 g
      thiamine with 20 mg catechol (1:0.5 mole) at pH 7.0, 45 degrees C, and identified
      with the synthesized pyrimidine.

PMID- 978284
TI  - Thiamine metabolism in patients with nervous diseases.

PMID- 978285
TI  - Effect of field size on red--green color mixture equations.
AB  - Red-green color mixture equations were measured in 10 color-normal observers for
      fields of view varying from 30' to 10 degrees. The G/R mixture decreases
      continuously as field size is increased. The data are consistent with the
      interpretation that the cone visual photopigments decrease exponentially in
      effective optical density as the field size is increased.

PMID- 978286
TI  - Luminance and opponent-color contributions to visual detection and adaptation and
      to temporal and spatial integration.
AB  - We show how the processes of visual detection and of temporal and spatial
      summation may be analyzed in terms of parallel luminance (achromatic) and
      opponent-color systems; a test flash is detected if it exceeds the threshold of
      either system. The spectral sensitivity of the luminance system may be determined
      by a flicker method, and has a single broad peak near 555 nm; the spectral
      sensitivity of the opponent-color system corresponds to the color recognition
      threshold, and has three peaks at about 440, 530, and 600 nm (on a white
      background). The temporal and spatial integration of the opponent-color system
      are generally greater than for the luminance system; further, a white background
      selectively depresses the sensitivity of the luminance system relative to the
      opponent-color system. Thus relatively large (1 degree) and long (200 msec)
      spectral test flashes on a white background are detected by the opponent-color
      system except near 570 nm; the contribution of the luminance system becomes more
      prominent if the size or duration of the test flash is reduced, or if the white
      background is extinguished. The present analysis is discussed in relation to
      Stiles' model of independent eta mechanisms.

PMID- 978288
TI  - Amniocentesis: a brief discussion.

PMID- 978287
TI  - Variability of depth-discrimination thresholds as a function of observation
      distance.

PMID- 978289
TI  - Impotence--management with penile prosthesis.

PMID- 978290
TI  - "Tetralogy of Fallot".

PMID- 978291
TI  - Oklahoma's hospitals: a story of change.

PMID- 978292
TI  - Nucleosides. 100. General synthesis of pyrimidine C-5 cucleosides related to
      pseudouridine. Synthesis of 5-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) isocytosine
      (pseudoisocytidine),5-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-thiouracil(2-thiopseudouridine)
      and 5-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil(pseudouridine).

PMID- 978293
TI  - The use of 1,3-dithiane in a regioselective synthesis of a novel 2-alkyl-2-deoxy
      D-arabino furanose branched-chain sugar.

PMID- 978294
TI  - A new systematic degradation of nicotine to determine activity at C-2' and C-5'.
      The pattern of labeling in nicotine and nornicotine formed from (2-14C)ornithine
      in Nicotiana glutinosa, and in nicotine obtained from N. tabacum exposed to (14C,
      13C)carbon dioxide.

PMID- 978295
TI  - Aphylline, epiaphylline, 10,17-dioxosparteine, gramine, and other unexpected
      alkaloids from Lupinus hartwegii.

PMID- 978296
TI  - Ring C conformation of 6beta-naltrexol and 6alpha-naltrexol. Evidence from proton
      and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 978297
TI  - Quassimarin, a new antileukemic quassinoid from Quassia amara.

PMID- 978298
TI  - Alkylation and Michael additions of glycine ethyl ester. Use in alpha-amino acid
      synthesis and as acyl carbanion equivalent.

PMID- 978299
TI  - A biomimetic synthesis of the camptothecin chromophore.

PMID- 978300
TI  - Synthetic studies on (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-tocopherol. Facile syntheses of optically
      active, saturated, acyclic isoprenoids via stereospecific [3,3]sigmatropic
      rearrangements.

PMID- 978301
TI  - Synthetic studies on (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-tocopherol. An approach utilizing side
      chain synthons of microbiological origin.

PMID- 978302
TI  - Synthetic studies on (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-tocopherol. An alternative synthesis of
      (2R,6R)-(+)-2,6,10-trimethylundecan-1-ol, a key side chain synthon.

PMID- 978303
TI  - Synthesis of (-)-alpha-acetylmethadol metabolites and related compounds.

PMID- 978304
TI  - Functionalization of a steroidal C-18 angular methyl group using a 21,20
      chlorohydrin.

PMID- 978305
TI  - Reduction of 6-ketones of the morphine series with formamidinesulfinic acid.
      Stereoselectivity opposite to that of hydride reductions.

PMID- 978306
TI  - Amino acids and peptides. 44. Synthesis of DL-gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, a new
      amino acid.

PMID- 978307
TI  - Synthesis of a tetracyclic ajmalicine analogue.

PMID- 978308
TI  - Stereospecific synthesis of the four 20,22-epoxycholesterols and of (Z)-20(22)
      dehydrocholesterol.

PMID- 978309
TI  - A convenient synthesis of 25-oxo-27-norcholesteryl acetate.

PMID- 978310
TI  - Anhydrocholine.

PMID- 978311
TI  - Cryoimmunoglobulin IgGk with microtubular ultrastructure associated with pyoderma
      gangrenosum.
AB  - Recurrent gangrenous leg ulcers were associated with a monoclonal IgGk
      cryoglobulinaemia, though without overt myeloma. Cryoprecipitation of the serum
      in vitro gave a reversible gel with microtubular structure, built from the
      monomer and with a high degree of order. The same structure was found distending
      the superficial vessels of the ulcer biopsy, as well as extravascularly. There
      was no vasculitis, and luminal obstruction appeared responsible for the
      ulceration. Microtubular structures occur in nature among diverse proteins and
      viruses. The protein studied here is similar to a reported instance of myeloma
      cryo-IgGk.

PMID- 978312
TI  - Cardiac biopsy in skeletal myopathy: report of a case with myocardial
      mitochondrial abnormalities.
AB  - Transvenous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy in an 11-yr-old boy with a
      proximal skeletal myopathy and a cardiomyopathy, has shown a major increase in
      mitochondrial size and numbers on electron-microscopic morphometry, with
      formation of unique ring-shaped mitochondria in cardiac muscle cells. The
      significance of this finding and the use of cardiac biopsy in children are
      discussed.

PMID- 978313
TI  - Aspirin damage in the rat kidney in the intact animal and after unilateral
      nephrectomy.
AB  - Aspirin caused epithelial hyperplasia, papillary necrosis with calcification and
      cortical changes in the rat kidney. After unilateral nephrectomy the lesions
      appeared more rapidly and were more severe. In the electron microscope the
      earliest changes were observed in the interstitial cells.

PMID- 978314
TI  - Inflammatory cells in duct-ligated salivary glands of the cat: a histochemical
      study.
AB  - Inflammatory cells were studied in submandibular, sublingual and parotid glands
      of cat following ductal ligation. Macrophages were seen within the parenchyma and
      associated with extravasated mucin, and were possibly of importance in removing
      secretory material. Neutrophils were seen interstitially and within the
      parenchyma. Eosinophils were involved in an initial inflammatory response in
      interstitial tissue. Fibrous connective tissue was more apparent.

PMID- 978315
TI  - Histologic study of biliary fibrous remnants in 48 cases of extrahepatic biliary
      atresia: correlation with postoperative bile flow restoration.
AB  - The fibrous remnants of bile ducts that were removed at surgery for extrahepatic
      biliary atresia were studied by serial section. Forty-eight specimens were
      classified into three types on the basis of histopathologic changes in the
      proximal portions of the speciments from the vicinity of the porta hepatis: (1)
      connective tissue without glands or other epithelial structures (15 cases); (2)
      connective tissue containing glands lined with cuboidal epithelium (15 cases);
      (3) connective tissue containing central biliary ducts and peripheral glands (18
      cases). Histopathologic changes in sections from distal portions of the specimens
      did not conform to this classification. A precise correlation of prognostic
      significance could not be established between these histologic data and
      postoperative restoration of bile flow, although failure to restore flow was
      encountered most frequently in cases without demonstrable ducts or glands (TYPE
      1).

PMID- 978316
TI  - Functioning thyroid masses in childhood and adolescence. Clinical, surgical, and
      pathologic correlations.
AB  - Six girls, aged 5 to 15 years, presented with thyroid masses in otherwise
      nonpalpable thyroid glands and with normal serum thyroxine levels. Scintiscanning
      before and after TSH stimulation confirmed the presence of autonomous nodules in
      the four adolescents, of whom two had elevated T3 levels. Surgical exploration
      revealed adenomatous thyroid hyperplasia in three of the girls and papillary
      adenocarcinoma in the fourth. Scans in the other two girls revealed absence of
      the left lobe. One of them proved to have agenesis of the left lobe with
      enlargement of the right lobe because of lymphocytic thyroiditis. The other girl
      had an ectopic thyroid with chronic inflammation. A thorough diagnostic
      evaluation of single or multiple functioning thyroid masses in children and
      adolescents is essential in establishing the correct diagnosis. The possibility
      that carcinoma can occur in autonomous nodules as well as in hemiagenesis and
      ectopic thyroid tissue is discussed. An approach to the management of functioning
      thyroid masses in the pediatric age group is proposed.

PMID- 978317
TI  - Circulating bound and free estradiol and estrone during normal growth and
      development and in premature thelarche and isosexual precocity.
AB  - Serum concentrations of unconjugated estrone, estradiol, and free estradiol, were
      determined in normal neonates, prepubertal children, adolescents, and adults. The
      values were compared with those obtained in children with premature thelarche and
      female sexual precocity. Unconjugated E1 and E2 fell rapidly, and the percentage
      of FE2 more gradually during the neonatal period and remained low prepubertally.
      During adolescence girls had greater increases in E1 and E2 while the percentage
      of FE2 was higher in boys. In premature thelarche  only the FE2 was significantly
      increased. In sexual precocity E1, E2, and FE2 were elevated. Reference standards
      are provided in Tables I and II for use in the diagnosis of conditions with under
      or overproduction of estrogens during growth and development.

PMID- 978318
TI  - Antibody deficiency and alopecia.
AB  - Three patients are described with antibody deficiency, recurrent infections, and
      alopecia. One patient had congenital agammaglobulinemia; the other two patients,
      a brother and sister, had an incomplete antibody deficiency syndrome. The loss of
      hair in each patient was total; the history was typical of alopecia areata. The
      association of alopecia and antibody deficiency has not previously been described
      to our knowledge in children.

PMID- 978319
TI  - Deficiency of adenosine deaminase not associated with severe combined
      immunodeficiency.
AB  - The 12-year-old Kung (""Bushman'') boy from South West Africa who has marked
      deficiency of red cell adenosine deaminase has been found to have 2 to 3% of
      enzyme activity in red blood cells, 10 to 12% in leukocytes, and 10 to 30% in
      cultured fibroblasts. The enzyme has ADA 1 electrophoretic mobility: SV40
      transformation of cultured fibroblasts caused a decrease of ""tissue ADA'' and an
      increase in ""red cell ADA'' isozymes. A battery of investigations revealed that
      the child has normal humoral and cellular immunity. A family study showed that a
      sibling had the same level of red cell ADA and the parents had intermediate
      levels. Studies of the Kung population from which the child comes have shown that
      the allele responsible for the condition, and which we designate ADA8, is
      polymorphic.

PMID- 978320
TI  - The chondro-osseous dysplasia of adenosine deaminase deficiency with severe
      combined immunodeficiency.
AB  - Three children, two of them siblings, with severe combined immunodeficiency and
      adenosine deaminase deficiency died within the first six months of life from the
      complications of acute bacterial infections. Subtle radiographic abnormalities
      were seen at the costochondral junctions, at the apophysis of the iliac bones,
      and in the vertebral bodies. At autopsy, the thymus showed evidence of early
      differentiation and, in one instance, aborted Hassall's corpuscles. Histologic
      study of the bone disclosed lack of organized cartilage columnar formation, large
      lacuni containing hypertrophied cells, and lack of trabecular formation with
      uninterrupted areas of calcified cartilage. These changes are distinctly
      different from those observed in the metaphyseal chondrodysplasias or in other
      chondrodystrophies.

PMID- 978321
TI  - Infection of the urinary tract after anti-reflux surgery.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-three children who underwent anti-reflux surgery were
      evaluated. Pyelonephritic scarring was more apt to occur with greater degrees of
      reflux. Postoperative infection was principally confined to the bladder and
      occurred primarily in females. The beneficial effect of anti-reflux surgery is
      discussed.

PMID- 978322
TI  - Defective phagocyte adherence in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis:
      clinical and laboratory observations.
AB  - The adherence of circulating phagocytes to glass was studied in 15 children with
      acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and in 27 healthy adults, 21 healthy
      children, and 14 children with normocomplementemic renal disease. The phagocytic
      adherence to glass in the patients with hypocomplementemic PSGN differed
      significantly from that of the control groups (p=less than 0.001). There was a
      positive correlation of phagocyte adherence with plasma C3 but not with plasma
      C4, C3, properdin factor B, severity of illness, or drugs administered. In
      addition, the adherence defect was present in two normocomplementemic PSGN
      patients. The defect gradually resolved in all patients with clinical
      improvement: it was useful as an index of recovery. The in vitro addition of
      functional C3 to whole blood produced the adherence defect in normal subjects and
      failed to correct the defect in patients with PSGN. It was postulated that a
      fragment of activated complement may have blocked a membrane receptor on these
      phagocytes and interfered with their adherence to glass.

PMID- 978323
TI  - Hyperphenylalaninemia due to dihydropteridine reductase deficiency. Assay of the
      enzyme in fibroblasts from affected infants, heterozygotes, and in normal
      amniotic fluid cells.
AB  - Two infant siblings with modest elevations of serum phenylalanine concentrations
      had seizures and developmental regression: they died in their second year.
      Dihydropteridine reductase activity, which can be measured in normal cultured
      skin fibroblasts, was measured in the younger sibling and was absent. Parents of
      the two siblings and parents of a previously reported patient all showed 50% or
      less of the normal dihydropteridine reductase activity in their cultured
      fibroblasts. Dihydropteridine reductase activity is also present in normal
      cultured amniotic fluid cells, offering the possibility of prenatal diagnosis.
      Absence of dihydropteridine reductase results not only in a defect in the
      conversion of phenylalaning to tyrosine, but also in the biosynthesis of the
      neurotransmitters, dopamine, norephinephrine, and serotonin. Since deficiencies
      in these neurotransmitters would not be alleviated by a phenylalanine-restricted
      diet, it is important to establish the nature of the enzymatic defect in all
      suspected variants of phenylketonuria.

PMID- 978324
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica infection in a 4-month-old infant associated with
      infection in household dogs.

PMID- 978325
TI  - Oxacillin-induced neutropenia in children.

PMID- 978326
TI  - Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis of urine as well as of CSF and blood for
      diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 978327
TI  - Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with congenital anomalies.

PMID- 978328
TI  - Identification of a carrier mother of a female patient with chronic granulomatous
      disease.

PMID- 978329
TI  - Enterovirus infections in neonates.
AB  - Twenty-seven ill neonates with enterovirus infections were studied to learn if
      enterovirus infection can be distinguished from neonatal sepsis. Enterovirus
      infection was associated with the summer-fall season (93%), recent maternal
      illness (59%), absence of other perinatal problems (81%), and findings of fever
      (93%), viral meningitis (62%), diarrhea (81%), and rash (41%). Four children
      developed thrombocytopenia and three necrotizing enterocolitis. Three children
      died, all with Coxsackie B virus infections that likely were acquired in utero.
      Although no single feature is pathognomonic, this constellation of epidemiologic
      and clinical findings, coupled with negative bacterial cultures, should suggest
      the possibility of neonatal enterovirus infection.

PMID- 978330
TI  - Hypertension in infants--a complication of umbilical arterial catheterization.
AB  - Hypertension was observed in ten infants. Seven had thrombosis either of one
      renal artery or of both. The seven infants had previously had an indwelling
      catheter in the umbilical artery. One infant who had not had an indwelling
      umbilical arterial catheter had stenosis of a renal artery. No etiology for the
      hypertension was found in two infants, one of whom had had an umbilical arterial
      catheter. Response to antihypertensive medication was generally poor. Five of the
      infants died. We recommend prompt diagnostic evaluation in hypertensive infants.
      Nephrectomy should be considered, if the renal artery is occluded. Hypertension
      appears to be a life-threatening complication of umbilical arterial
      catheterization.

PMID- 978331
TI  - Myocardial infarction associated with umbilical cord hematoma.

PMID- 978332
TI  - Relationships between maternal glucose intolerance and neonatal blood glucose.
AB  - Blood glucose changes in 63 infants during the first three hours of life were
      related to indices of glucose tolerance of their mothers. Of the mothers, 34 had
      insulin-dependent diabetes, 16 had gestational diabetes, and 11 had minor
      abnormalities of glucose tolerance. The fasting blood glucose level of the mother
      and the umbilical cord blood glucose level were both proportional to the rate of
      glucose decline in the infant after birth which, in turn, was inversely related
      to the lowest glucose level attained within three hours. Hypoglycemia occurred in
      77% of the infants of diabetic mothers, 25% of the infants of mothers with
      gestational diabetes, and one of 12 (8%) of infants of mothers with minor degrees
      of glucose intolerance. The blood glucose level at two hours during an oral
      glucose tolerance test in the mother can be used to predict the probability of
      her infant having neonatal hypoglycemia.

PMID- 978333
TI  - Growth graphs for the clinical assessment of infants of varying gestational age.
AB  - Two graphs are presented showing means and 1 and 2 SD for growth in weight,
      length, and head circumference: (1) a fetal-infant graph with lines of growth
      from 26 weeks of gestational age until one year of age after ""term'' has been
      reached: and (2) a similarly constructed graph for children ages one through ten
      years. The standards of growth were obtained from published data in which the
      subjects received optimal health care. The graphs allow comparisons of infants of
      varying gestational age with standards for that age. Normal and abnormal
      deviations in growth are easily identified. Some examples of common variations in
      physical growth are described.

PMID- 978334
TI  - Metabolic effect of theophylline in the premature neonate.

PMID- 978335
TI  - Reversible oxacillin hepatotoxicity.
AB  - Eight patients developed elevations of hepatic enzymes while receiving oxacillin
      intravenously. In all instances the patients were asymptomatic and anicteric.
      Peripheral eosinophilia was present in five of eight patients. In each patient
      change of therapy to a different pencillinase-resistant penicillin or to
      penicillin G was associated with a rapid decrease in liver function abnormalities
      and evenutal return of the enzymatic values to normal. Change of medication to an
      alternative penicillinase-resistant penicillin or to penicillin G is suggested as
      a safe procedure for completion of antistaphylococcal therapy in patient who
      develop oxacillin-related hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 978336
TI  - Behavioural concomitants of prenatal addiction to narcotics.
AB  - Behavioral characteristics of infants of methadone-treated and nonaddicted women
      were studied during the neonatal period and at three, six, and 12 months of age.
      Several Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assment Scale measures differentiated
      between groups. Major differences occurred in irritability of the central nervous
      system, and these measures appeared able to predict severity of withdrawal. The
      increased tremulousness of addicted infants remained through at least the first
      month of life. Mental and motor development was within normal limits in both
      groups throughout the year. However, the addicted infants showed a progressive
      decline in psychomotor performance whereas nonaddicted infants' scores remained
      stable.

PMID- 978337
TI  - Mothers as volunteers in an oncology clinic.
AB  - Mothers of children who had died of cancer were successfully utilized as
      volunteers in a pediatric oncology clinic to provide emotional support and
      practical assistance to other children afflicted with the same disease and to
      their families. At the start of the program these volunteers were carefully
      interviewed to determine their willingness and their emotional ability to
      participate on a consistent basis. Following an eight-week training program with
      a psychiatrist, a social worker, and a nurse, they began working in a large
      pediatric oncology clinic one day a week. Over an 18-month period they have
      become valuable members of the oncology team by helping to improve
      communications, to alleviate frustrations, and in giving additional emotional
      support to the children and their families.

PMID- 978338
TI  - Murmurs heard at a distance from the patient: report of an unusual case.

PMID- 978339
TI  - Experimental toxicologic studies on a phenol detergent associated with neonatal
      hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 978341
TI  - Blood volume in infants with hyaline membrane disease (RDS)

PMID- 978340
TI  - Kernicterus in a newborn female with G-6-PD deficiency.

PMID- 978342
TI  - After the child dies: autopsies and forgotten parents.

PMID- 978343
TI  - Tracheal foreign body acquired during suctioning.

PMID- 978344
TI  - More on the use of umbilical blood for bacterial cultures.

PMID- 978345
TI  - Treatment of familial dysautonomia with bethanecol.

PMID- 978346
TI  - Safety screening in a pediatric population.

PMID- 978347
TI  - Unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema.

PMID- 978348
TI  - Intravenous isoproterenol for severe asthma.

PMID- 978349
TI  - Thyroid nodules in childhood and their management.

PMID- 978350
TI  - Partial purification of amastigotes from cutaneous lesions of American
      leishmaniasis.
AB  - Amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana, L. mexicana amazonensis, L. brasiliensis, and
      L. enriettii were isolated from lesions in infected animals. Numbers of
      amastigotes recovered ranged from 1 X 10(7) to 7 X 10(8), depending on the strain
      of leishmania. Trypsinization disassociated the lesions and released the
      parasites. After 18 to 24 hr incubation at 37 C in tissue culture media with
      antibiotics, many of the intact host cells attached to the flask. Amastigotes
      were collected from the media in relatively pure preparations. Electron
      microscopy revealed no morphological alterations of the amastigotes and minimal
      contamination by membranes and cell fragments.

PMID- 978351
TI  - The genus Myxidium (Protozoa: Myxosporida) in macrourid fishes.
AB  - Five species, 3 new, of myoxosporida in the genus Myxidium were recovered from 7
      genera and 23 species of deepsea macrourids. Although some Myxidium species were
      geographically dispersed they showed remarkable spore size stability. Two forms,
      "long" and "stubby" are described for M. coryphaenoidium. Abnormal M.
      coryphaenoidium spores are shown to resemble superficially other species and
      genera.

PMID- 978352
TI  - Isolation and axenic cultivation of Giardia trophozoites from the guinea pig.

PMID- 978353
TI  - Myxosporida (Protozoa) in California rockfish, Sebastes spp.
AB  - Six genera and 15 species, 2 new, of myxosporida were recovered from 14 species
      of California marine rockfish, Sebastes. The spores of Leptotheca sebasta sp. n.
      are arched with thick, equal shell valves and large round polar capsules. They
      are greater in width and sutural diameter and more crescentic than L. latesi.
      Ceratomyxa sebasta sp. n. is crescentic in shape with equal shell valves. The
      spores of C. sebasta are shorter in sutural diameter, larger in width, and less
      crescentic than C. hokarari.

PMID- 978354
TI  - Responses of Megalodiscus temperatus miracidia to amino and sialic acids found in
      snail-conditioned water.
AB  - Analysis of snail-conditioned  water (SCW) from Helisoma trivolvis revealed 17
      free amino acids. Those in great concentration were glycine, serine, and alanine.
      The concentration of sialic acid was found to be twice that of the most abundant
      amino acid. The behavior of miracidia of Megalodiscus temperatus, measured by the
      contact with return method, to agar cylinders containing single amino acids and
      sialic acid indicated greater responses to polar molecules charged either
      positively or negatively at neutral pH. The molecules elicting the greatest
      response were aspartic, glutamic, and sialic acid. No correlation was found
      between concentration of amino acids in H. trivolvis SCW and response of M.
      temperatus miracidia.

PMID- 978355
TI  - The effect of inflammatory reaction of the mouse on experimental infection with
      Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 978356
TI  - The influence of temperature on the infectivity of Fasciola hepatica miracidia to
      Lymnaea truncatula.
AB  - Experiments were performed to study the effect of water temperature on the host
      finding capacity (snail localization, attachment, and penetration) of Fasciola
      hepatica miracidia. Specimens of Lymnaea truncatula were exposed to miracidia
      labeled in vivo with radioselenium, and the radioactivity which subsequently was
      confined to the snails was taken as a measure of the host-finding capacity of the
      parasite. The minimum temperature required for host-finding was 5 to 6 C and the
      optimum temperature was in the range between 15 and 26 C. The lack of host
      finding capacity below 5 to 6 C could be reversed experimentally by raising the
      temperature. A clear inverse relationship was demonstrated between the environnd
      24 C the host-finding capacity ceased after 24 to 30, 20  to 24, and 13 to 20 hr,
      respectively.

PMID- 978357
TI  - A redescription of Crassicutis archosargi, a digenean exhibiting an unusual
      tegumental attachment.
AB  - The homalometrine Crassicutis archosargi from the northern Gulf or Mexico is
      redescribed, and some related digeneans are discussed. Numerous unidentified
      refractile bodies occurred in the tegument and other tissues of a few specimens
      of C. archosargi, and an intimate relationship between the parasite and its
      piscine host resulting from a modified tegument is reported for others. Binding
      by the described adhesive tegument increases the number of known ways digeneans
      attach to their hosts. Several specimens also harbored a histozoic myxosporidan
      in several tissues and a flagellate, Hexamita sp., in their ceca.

PMID- 978358
TI  - Immunocytochemical studies on Schistosoma mansoni. II. Soluble cercarial antigens
      in cercarial and schistosomules.
AB  - The localization of soluble, cercarial antigen preparation (CAP) in cercariae and
      schistosomules of Schistosoma mansoni was performed at the light and electron
      microscope levels using the unlabeled antibody method. Reaction produce was
      observed associated with the contents of the pre- and postacetabular glands and
      with the filamentous coat of mature cercariae. No reaction product was observed
      associated with the glycoacalyx of schistosomules. However, several
      schistosomules did retain remnants of their filamentous coats and reaction
      product was observed associated with those remains. CAP components were also
      observed in the area surrounding the intrasporocyst cercariae.

PMID- 978359
TI  - A strain of mouse highly susceptible to Toxoplasma.

PMID- 978360
TI  - Intermediate hosts and larval development of Moniezia benedeni (Moniez 1879) in
      India.

PMID- 978361
TI  - The eosinophilic response of the rat to infection with Taenia taeniaeformis.
AB  - Rats were dosed with eggs of Taenia taeniaeformis and hematologic parameters were
      measured throughout the course of primary infection. There was no evidence of
      anemia but differential leukocyte counts revealed distinct and reproducible
      patterns of white blood cell changes. A lymphocytosis developed at the end of the
      1st and 5th weeks postinfection (p.i.). Neutrophil counts peaked 8 days p.i.,
      although at that time there was no marked neutrophilic infiltration of the
      tissues. Eosinophil counts began to rise during the 2nd week p.i., and reached a
      peak during the 3rd week, followed by a decline and then another peak during the
      5th week p.i. Eosinophilic infiltration of the tissues was remarkable during the
      period of peripheral eosinophilia. A wide zone of eosinophils surrounded the
      developing larvae at 22 days p.i. and persisted in some cases for a further 2
      weeks. Eosinophils remained in lesser numbers in the connective tissue capsule
      throughout the infection, often in association with plasma cells. After oral
      challenge with 1,000 eggs infected rats showed brisk secondary eosinophilic
      responses 3 to 7 days later but other hematologic parameters were unaffected.
      Average peripheral eosinophil counts at 3 and 4 days post-challenge were
      significantly higher than those in unchallenged controls (P less than 0.05 and P
      less than 0.01, respectively). There was no detectable increase in eosinophilic
      infiltration of small intestinal tissues in challenged rats. These results are
      discussed in relation to current understanding of the mechanisms of eosinophil
      chemotaxis in vitro and the possible causes of local eosinophil accumulation in
      parasitic infections in vivo.

PMID- 978362
TI  - Antibody-mediated secondary eosinophilic response to Taenia taeniaeformis in the
      rat.
AB  - Normal rats were given intravenous doses of either immune serum or immunoglobulin
      fractions 24 hr before oral challenge with 1,000 eggs of Taenia taeniaeformis.
      Total eosinophil counts per mm3 were performed for 3 days prior to and 6 days
      after challenge. Sensitized rats usually showed sharp peaks of eosinophilia 2 to
      6 days after this dose. The pattern of the eosinophilic response was similar to
      that which occurs after challenge of immune infected rats. The differences in
      peripheral eosinophil levels in passively immunized and normal rats were
      statistically significant. Immunoglobulin fractions containing protective
      IgG2alpha were most effective, but a fraction containing reaginic antibody
      activity also sensitized rats to give secondary eosinophilic responses. The
      findings are discussed in relation to the probable contribution of antigen
      antibody reactions to the production of secondary eosinophilic responses in
      experimental cysticercosis.

PMID- 978363
TI  - Metabolic indices for evaluating the in vitro maintenance of Hymenolepis diminuta
      in the presence and absence of various additives.
AB  - An in vitro maintenance system for H. diminuta was devised by modifying the
      cultivation procedure of Schiller (1965). In this diphasic maintenance system,
      tissue culture medium (Triple Eagle's or NCTC-135) was used, in lieu of whole
      blood, as the 30% supplement to the agar phase. This provides a more defined
      system suitable for studying the effects of various additives. Morphological
      criteria were established which aided in assessing the efficacy of media used for
      the maintenance of 6- and 8-day-old H. diminuta. When successfully maintained,
      worms exhibited an intact scolex and neck region, undulatory movements along the
      strobila as well as integumentary and strobilar integrity. A more sensitive
      method for evaluating the maintenance of 8-day-old worms employed metabolic
      indices. Wet weight, protein and glycogen levels for 8-day-old H. diminuta served
      as base-line data allowing estimation of protein and glycogen contents of each
      worm prior to maintenance. Following maintenance, ratio of final to initial
      protein and final to initial glycogen levels (metabolic indices). A metabolic
      index approaching or exceeding unity suggested a reasonably intact metabolism.
      The addition of sodium taurocholate to the maintenance media appeared beneficial
      to the worms by prolonging the retention of normal signs. A combination of
      additives, taurocholate-nucleosides-lipids, improved the maintenance of H.
      diminuta for periods exceeding 24 hr as determined by observational criteria and
      metabolic indices. However, addition of a lipid mixture, or a lipid mixture
      prepared with a low concentration of taurocholate was not beneficial over a 24 hr
      period. The maintenance system, observational criteria, base-line data and
      metabolic indices should be useful for future in vitro studies requiring long
      term incubation.

PMID- 978364
TI  - Crab-eating raccoon, Procyon cancrivorus nigripes (Mivart 1885) (Carnivora:
      Procyonidae) naturally infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Minas Gerais State,
      Brazil.

PMID- 978366
TI  - Putative neurosecretory cells of the cestode Hymenolepis microstoma.
AB  - Putative neurosecretory cells were observed with the electron microscope in the
      nerve cords of the neck region of Hymenolepis microstoma. The cells show evidence
      of glandular activity by the large numbers of dense-core vesicles produced by the
      Golgi apparatus. The axons contain synaptoidlike structures with surrounding
      clouds of vesicles; features analogous to known neurosecretory release sites.

PMID- 978365
TI  - The in vitro effects of farnesol and derivatives on Hymenolepis diminuta.
AB  - Employing an in vitro maintenance system, in which 8-day-old Hymenolepis diminuta
      survives for 24 hr (Fioravanti and MacInnis, 1976), it was found that farnesol or
      farnesal supplementation of the medium had no beneficial effects on maintenance
      and these substances induced necrosis at higher concentrations. Similar
      experiments utilizing Schiller's (1965) culture system demonstrated that neither
      farnesol, farnesal, nor farnesyl methyl ether exhibited growth promoting effects
      and were toxic to the worms at higher concentrations. In addition, neither the 2
      cis, 6-trans nor the 2-trans, 6-trans-isomers of farnesol promoted growth in the
      Schiller system and at higher concentrations resulted in severe necrosis within
      24 hr.

PMID- 978367
TI  - The stichosome and its secretion granules in the mature muscle larva of
      Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - The stichosome of the mature muscle larva of Trichinella spiralis consists of a
      single row of 45 to 55 stichocytes. Each stichocyte is about 25 mum in diameter
      and possesses a single nucleus. A duct leads from each stichocyte to the lumen of
      the esophagus. The stichocyte cytoplasm contains mitochondria, structures
      resembling Golgi-complexes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and usually 1 of 2 types
      of secretory granules. The alpha-granule measures about 800 mn in diameter,
      contains a prominent inclusion, and has a granular matrix. The beta-granule is
      about 600 mn in diameter and is homogeneous in appearance. Both granule types are
      surrounded by a single membrane. Ten to thirteen stichocytes containing alpha
      granules are confined to the posterior portion of the stichosome. After isopycnic
      centrifugation in sucrose gradient of large granule fractions obtained from cell
      free homogenates, the alpha- and beta-granules show characteristic distribution
      patterns as revealed by the morphology of the fractions. The median equilibrium
      density of the alpha-granules is 1.245, while that of the beta-granules is 1.230.
      There is a correlation between the distribution of the granules and of antigens
      reacting with hyperimmune antitrichinella seruma. At least 4 unique antigens can
      be attributed to each of the granule types. Fractions enriched in mitochondria do
      not contain specific antigens. Antigens from both types of secretory granules
      cross react totally with those present in the excretion-secretion products of
      living muscle larvae. Cytoimmunochemical data show that antigens are distributed
      in a patchy fashion throughout the stichocyte cytoplasm. This finding is
      consistent with the distribution of the secretory granules in the intact
      stichocyte.

PMID- 978368
TI  - The Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) capensis group (Acarina: Ixodoidea: Argasidae) of
      the palearctic and oriental regions. O. (A.) maritimus: identity, marine bird
      hosts, virus infections, and distribution in western Europe and northwestern
      Africa.
AB  - In 1967, Vermeil and Marguet described Ornithodoros coniceps maritimus from
      larvae reared from larvae taken from marine birds on Dumet Island (Atlantic
      Ocean), Basse Bretagne, France. We collected O. (A.) coniceps Canestrini, 1890,
      from the type locality (Venice, Italy) and determined that the taxons coniceps
      and maritimus each require full species status. We selected a lectotype and
      paralectotypes for the taxon maritimus from the original Dumet Island material.
      The larva of maritimus is redescribed and the nymph, male, and female are
      described for the first time. Collection data are recorded from Dumet and other
      islands off France, Aegimures Islands off Tunisia, Puffin Island off northern
      Wales, and Great Saltee Island off Ireland. This tick infests nesting colonies of
      the common tern, roseate tern, sandwich tern, herring gull (northern and
      Mediterranean races), common cormorant, shag, razorbill, common murre, black
      legged kittiwake, and probably other marine birds nesting nearby. Adults and
      nymphs (tentatively identified as maritimus but lacking associated larvae for
      full confirmation) were taken near nests of the little egret in Lake Tunis,
      Tunisia. Soldado virus was isolated from Puffin Island tick samples and a Soldado
      like virus from Great Saltee Island tick samples. An experimental study of West
      Nile virus in the Tunisian tick population is reviewed. The birds species
      associated with maritimus in each collecting locality, and their nesting and
      resting habits and migration patterns in relation to tick and arbovirus survival
      and distribution, will be reported in the following paper in this series.

PMID- 978369
TI  - Peripheral nervous system of the ticks, Amblyomma tuberculatum Marx and Argas
      radiatus Railliet (Acari: Ixodoidea).
AB  - The peripheral nervous system of an ixodid and an argasid tick include the
      following components: (1) paired optic, cheliceral and pedipalpal nerves and
      unpaired stomodeal nerve arising from the pre-esophageal portion of the central
      nervous system (synganglion); (2) 4 pairs of pedal nerve trunks (each with
      appendicular and hemal branches) and 4 major pairs of opisthosomal nerves
      (including the paraspiracular, genital, postlateral-myosomal, and ano-myosomal
      nerves); and (3) the lateral "sympathetic" plexuses formed by contributions of
      hemal nerves arising from pedal ganglia and from the paraspiracular nerves. The
      salivary glands are multiply innervated by 4 pairs of nerves. The 1st pair arise
      from the pedipalpal nerves, the 2nd and 3rd from the lateral sympathetic
      plexuses, and the 4th from the paraspiracular nerves. Portions of the integument
      and the majority of non-appendicular muscles are innervated by various fine
      nerves arising from the lateral sympathetic plexuses and from the 4 pairs of
      opisthosomal nerves.

PMID- 978370
TI  - Trypanosomes in Amblyomma americanum from Oklahoma.

PMID- 978371
TI  - Infectivity of the progenetic metacercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum.

PMID- 978372
TI  - Structure of the cirrus tegument of Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Trematoda:
      Notocotylidae).

PMID- 978373
TI  - Immature lung flukes first found in the muscle of the wild boar in Japan.

PMID- 978374
TI  - Intraperitoneal passage of Taenia crassiceps in rats.

PMID- 978375
TI  - Colonization of Ascaris lumbricoides by V. cholerae.

PMID- 978376
TI  - Obeliscoides cuniculi: glycolytic enzymes of early fourth stage larvae.

PMID- 978377
TI  - Prophylactic activity of mebendazole against Dirofilaria immitis in dogs.

PMID- 978378
TI  - Filariasis in Haiti.

PMID- 978379
TI  - Giantism in Goddardobdella elegans infecting the teat-cisterns of cattle in
      northeastern Queensland (Hirudinea: Richardsonianidae).

PMID- 978380
TI  - The basis and application of estrogen assays on urine and blood to assess
      fetoplacental function in late pregnancy.

PMID- 978381
TI  - Study of neonatal gastric aspirate related to amniotic fluid and to the
      occurrence of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) has been shown to be of use in the
      prediction of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (I.R.D.S) when
      performed on amniotic fluid. Gastric contents at birth consist mainly of amniotic
      fluid. Our study was designed to determine what the relationship was between the
      L/S ratios of amniotic fluid and gastric aspirate obtained at birth and to
      examine whether the L/S ratios of gastric aspirate was of any value in the
      prediction of I.R.D.S.

PMID- 978382
TI  - [Influence of formulation of enteric coated tablets on the bioavailability of the
      drug. 5th Part: Bioavailability of Riboflavin enteric coated tablets (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 978383
TI  - [Percutaneous absorption of corticosteroids from formulations of equal
      thermodynamic activity (author's transl)].

PMID- 978384
TI  - [Influence of different preparation procedures of methylpredinisolone on the
      dissolution rate and diffusion through a lipid membrane (author's transl)].

PMID- 978385
TI  - [Effects of fat excipients and antioxidants on conservation of suppositories
      containing phenothiazine derivatives (author's transl)].

PMID- 978386
TI  - [A quantitative fluorimetric reaction for trihexphenidyl hydrochloride and some
      of its derivatives (author's transl)].

PMID- 978387
TI  - Synthesis of certain spiro compounds for pharmacological study. Part II.

PMID- 978388
TI  - [Analytical chemistry and study of metabolism of drugs (author's transl)].

PMID- 978389
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the antiarrhythmic disopyramide in healthy humans.

PMID- 978390
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of the antiarrhythmic disopyramide in healthy humans:
      correlation of the kinetics of the drug and its effects.

PMID- 978391
TI  - A pharmacokinetic method for designing prolonged-release formulations-
      propoxyphene hydrochloride.

PMID- 978392
TI  - Kinetics of indomethacin absorption, elimination, and enterohepatic circulation
      in man.

PMID- 978393
TI  - Rapid method of obtaining area under curve for any compartment of any linear
      pharmacokinetic model in terms of rate constants.

PMID- 978394
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and some metabolites in man.

PMID- 978395
TI  - Nonlinear assessment of phenytoin bioavailability.

PMID- 978396
TI  - Theoretical and computational basis for drug bioavailability determinations using
      pharmacological data. I. General considerations and procedures.

PMID- 978397
TI  - Theoretical and computational basis for drug bioavailability determinations using
      pharmacological data. II. Drug input in equilibrium to response relationships.

PMID- 978398
TI  - Structured water in biology: a revolution in the making.

PMID- 978399
TI  - Theoretical isotropic dissolution of nonspherical particles.
AB  - Equations are derived for the isotropic dissolution of single particles,
      considering simple forms of the six crystal systems. These can be summarized by
      three basic equations which are approximated well, and in some cases exactly, by
      the dissolution equation for a hypothetical spherical particle of specified
      diameter. Formulas are given to enable calculation of this diameter and to
      minimize the weighted errors in the approximations. Spherical approximations
      provide a simple basis for calculating the dissolution profile of real
      multiparticulate systems which are difficult to describe otherwise. Spherical
      approximations based on equal surface area or volume result in large errors.

PMID- 978400
TI  - Experimental evaluation of three single-particle dissolution models.
AB  - The dissolution of the 60-85-mesh fraction os recording, flow-through dissolution
      apparatus equipped with a dissolution cell; it was particularly suitable for
      kinetic analysis of multiparticulate systems. By using a time-scaling approach,
      experimental data are compared with theoretical calculations to evaluate,
      quantitatively, which of three single-particle dissolution models best describes
      the data and how well the multiparticulate kinetics can be explained
      mathematically. The nonspherical tolbutamide particles are replaced in the
      calculations by a hypothetical system of spherical particles that appears to be
      log-normally distributed. This procedure permits the calculation of the intrinsic
      dissolution profile, considering both size distribution and particle shape
      effects.

PMID- 978401
TI  - Antioxidant efficiency of polyhydric phenols in photooxidation of benzaldehyde.
AB  - An experimental system is described for the observation  of the kinetics of
      photochemically initiated oxidation reactions; this system is based on the
      measurement of oxygen consumption with a polarographic oxygen electrode. The
      photooxidation of benzaldehyde in dilute aqueous solution was examined and
      appears to conform to a free radical chain mechanism. The antioxidant efficiency
      of some polyhydric phenols was determined kinetically and found to be catechol
      greather than pyrogallol greater than hydroquinone greather than resorcinol
      greater than n-propyl gallate for the benzaldehyde photooxidation.

PMID- 978402
TI  - Photochromism of an anticonvulsant, 1-diphenylmethyl-4-(6-methyl-2
      pyridylmethylene-amino) piperazine, in the solid state.
AB  - The light-induced color change of 1-diphenylmethyl-4-(6-methyl-2
      pyridylmethyleneamino) piperazine in the solid state was investigated. Light in
      the 420-700-nm visible region had no effect. Elevated temperature, dissolution,
      or prolonged storage in the dark at room temperatures restored the intrinsic
      color of the compound. IR, UV (solution), NMR, differential scanning calorimetry,
      and GC methods showed no detectable difference between the long wave-length UV
      light-exposed (yellow) and unexposed (colorless) samples of the pure compound.
      Long wavelength UV light exposure studies with several substituted piperazine
      analogs revealed a structure-activity requirement for the color conversion
      process. The data indicated that the transformation process from colorless (or
      faint yellow) to bright yellow is photochromism (phototropy) and is dependent on
      the intensity of the "action spectrum" in the 300-400-nm region. Studies in the
      solid state showed that heat-induced fading of the color followed apparent zero
      order kinetics. The energy of activation, Eb, for the photochromic conversion
      process from the metastable (yellow) to the stable (colorless) state was
      estimated to be about 19 kcal/mole.

PMID- 978403
TI  - Interaction of sodium alkyl sulfates with everted rat small intestinal membrane.
AB  - The effect of sodium alkyl sulfates (C6-C14) on the loss of protein from the
      everted rat small intestine was measured. At a surfactant concentration of 10 mM,
      a peak effect on protein release was noted with sodium decyl sulfate (C10).
      Measurement of proten release as a function of sidium lauryl sulfate (C12)
      concentration resulted in the observation that the effect appears to be due to
      the micellar phaseof the surfactant solution. At concentrations of C12 above the
      CMC, the loss of protein from the intestinal preparation increased as the
      concentration of surfactant was increased. There may be a maximum amount of
      protein that can be released from the everted rat small intestinal sacs by
      surface-active agents. At equivalent micellar concentrations of C8-C14 (12.5
      times the CMC), there was no difference in the amount of protein released in the
      presence of the individual alkyl sulfate solutions. Other studies on salicylate
      transfer across the everted rat small intestine indicate that permeability
      changes occur with anionic and cationic surfactants but not with nonionics.

PMID- 978404
TI  - Automated fluorometric analysis of epinephrine in lidocaine hydrochloride
      injection.
AB  - A rapid automated method for determining epinephrine in lidocaine hydrochloride
      injection is presented. The method is an adaptation of the official USP XIX
      fluorometric procedure and yields equivalent results. The linearity, accuracy,
      precision, excipient/background effect, and carryover characteristics of the
      automated system are described. A recovery study indicated that intact
      epinephrine is measured accurately in the presence of its degradation products.
      Analysis of several commercial preparations is reported.

PMID- 978405
TI  - Clofibrate microcapsules: preparation and release rat studies.
AB  - Microencapsulation of clofibrate and dissolution characteristics of clofibrate
      microcapsules were investigated. Spherical droplets of clofibrate, prepared by a
      capillary jet method, were encapsulated in gelatin by simpel coacervation, using
      sodium sulfate as the coacervating agent. The microcapsules, which were hardened
      up to 8 hr with formaldehyde, were recovered as discrete, free-flowing particles.
      Dissolution of clofibrate from the microcapsules was not adequately described by
      either square root of time or Langenbucher kinetics but followed predominantly
      zero-order release patterns at all hardening times. A linear correlation was
      found between the hardening times and the t50% release time.

PMID- 978406
TI  - Synthesis of potential mescaline antagonists.
AB  - 1-[2-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-pyrroline, 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)
      1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, N-n-propylmescaline, N-cyclopropylmethylmescaline,
      and N-allylmescaline were synthesized as potential mescaline antagonists. The
      ability of these compounds to antagonize mescaline-induced disruption of swim
      behavior is also given.

PMID- 978407
TI  - Dissolution behavior and bioavailability of phenytoin from a ground mixture with
      microcrystalline cellulose.
AB  - The ground mixture of phenytoin and microcrystalline cellulose was prepared by
      grinding in a vibrational ball mill. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the
      amorphous nature of the ground mixture. Comparative studies were made concerning
      the in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of fine phenytoin powder,
      phenytoin sodium powder, and the ground mixture. The ground mixture showed a
      greater dissolution rate than the fine powder and attained supersaturation in the
      pharmacopeial disintegration media at pH 1.2 and 7.4. In vivo absorption studies
      of each preparation were carried out in five subjects, using a crossover design,
      by measuring the urinary excretion rate of a main metabolite, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)
      5-phenylhydantoin. The blood levels of phenytoin and the corresponding urinary
      excretion patterns of the metabolite were determined in two subjects. The ground
      mixtures significantly improved the bioavailability of phenytoin. The drug was
      completely and rapidly absorbed after oral administration of the ground mixture.
      The vibrational ball milling technique for a poorly water-soluble drug with
      microcrystalline cellulose provides a promising way of improving the in vivo drug
      absorption.

PMID- 978408
TI  - Solubility of nonelectrolytes in polar solvents IV: nonpolar drugs in mixed
      solvents.
AB  - The molecular and group surface area approach to solubility is shown to be
      applicable to mixed aqueous solvent systems. An equation is derived which is
      consistent with the exponential increase in the aqueous solubility of nonpolar
      drugs that frequently accompanies the addition of a cosolvent. This equation
      predicts that: (a) the ability of a drug to be solubilized by a cosolvent is
      proportional to its hydrophobic surface area per molecule, and (b) the ability of
      a cosolvent to solubilize any drug is inversely proportional to its interfacial
      tension against a reference liquid hydrocarbon. These predictions are
      experimentally verified with solubility studies of several alkyl p-aminobenzoates
      in propylene glycol-water mixtures and of hexyl p-aminobenzoate in mixtures of
      water the ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and
      formamide.

PMID- 978409
TI  - Bioavailability of 11 sulfisoxazole products in humans.
AB  - Single lots of 11 commercially available 500-mg sulfisoxazole tablets were
      evaluated in vitro and in vivo. All products tested met USP XVIII specifications
      for weight variation and product assay. However, three products failed to meet
      the USP XVIII dissolution requirement. The only statistically significant
      difference observed between the 11 products was a lower peak plasma level
      exhibited by one product. No useful correlation was observed between the in vivo
      and in vitro studies for the dosage forms tested.

PMID- 978410
TI  - Effect of certain drugs in perfused human placenta XII: autacoid antagonism by
      phenothiazines.
AB  - The effects of chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, and trifluoperazine on the
      pressor actions of serotonin, angiotensin, and bradykinin in the perfused vessels
      of full-term human placentas were investigated. A significant inhibition of the
      effect of serotonin was observed with trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine but not
      with prochlorperazine. The inhibition is attributed to the ability of
      phenothiazines to cause adrenergic blockade. Because both bradykinin and
      angiotensin could not be consistently antagonized, it is concluded that they must
      act primarily via musculotropic mechanisms and only secondarily by stimulation of
      adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 978411
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of tolbutamide in serum.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of tolbutamide in serum is
      described. The assay requires only 1 ml of serum and is capable of measuring as
      little as 2 mug of tolbutamide. The metabolites of tolbutamide do not interfere
      in the assay. Human serum samples, taken after a 1-g oral dose of tolbutamide,
      were analyzed by the HPLC and an existing GLC procedure, and the results are
      compared.

PMID- 978412
TI  - Prodrug approaches to enhancement of physicochemical properties of drugs IV:
      novel epinephrine prodrug.
AB  - The synthesis and characterization of a prodrug that appears to overcome the
      problem of inefficient absorption of epinephrine through the lipoidal membranes
      of the eye are described. The enzymatic rate of regeneration of epinephrine from
      the prodrug was determined using a rabbit eye homogenate, rabbit plasma, and
      human plasma. The prodrug had no activity of its own when tested against a guinea
      pig smooth muscle preparation. Upon enzymatic regeneration of epinephrine from
      the prodrug, however, the reaction mixture exhibited alpha-adrenergic activity
      equivalent to that of epinephrine when tested in the same preparation.

PMID- 978413
TI  - Mass spectral analysis of glucuronides from sympathomimetic
      hydroxyphenylalkylaminoethanols.
AB  - A mass spectral method is described for the structure determination of glucuronic
      acid conjugates of hydroxyphenylalkylaminoethanol-type drugs. Trimethylsilylation
      and application of the GLC-mass spectral technique yield mass spectra with
      sufficient information for the identification of all structural subunits.

PMID- 978414
TI  - In vitro release of therapeutically active ingredients from polymer matrixes.
AB  - Several therapeutically active ingredients including benzocaine, cyclomethycaine,
      and methapyrilene hydrochloride were incorporated into ethylcellulose and
      polyamide films. The effect of cetyl alcohol and tributyl citrate upon the
      release of these ingredients was studied. The films containing the active
      ingredient and plasticizer were cast upon a mercury substrate, and the in vitro
      release of these drugs from each film into a desorbing medium of distilled water
      was measured. The results indicated that the film-forming agent and plasticizer
      affected the drug release rate and that the release followed first-order
      kinetics. Benzocaine was slowly released from polyamide-cetyl alcohol films and
      polyamide-cetyl alcohol-tributyl citrate films. Polyamide-tributyl citrate films
      showed enhanced release of benzoacaine and cyclomethycaine. Ethylcellulose films
      plasticized with tributyl citrate produced a fast drug release. Based upon these
      results, a water-soluble, highly polar, noncomplexing additive would tend to
      increase the drug release from the film. When the amount of benzocaine released
      from ethylcellulose was plotted as a function of the square root of time, a
      linear plot was obtained. Since this linear plot passed through the origin,
      ethylcellulose should be an ideal matrix for benzocaine according to the Higuchi
      diffusion-controlled model. These studies demonstrated the in vitro release of
      thf the solubility of the active agent in both the polymer film as a function of
      the solubility of the active agent in both the polymer matrix and the desorbing
      medium.

PMID- 978415
TI  - Determination of salicylates by GLC.
AB  - Silylation of salicylic acid by hexamethyldisilazane, N,O
      bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, and N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide was
      compared using GLC. The completeness of the reaction, the stability of products,
      and the reproducibility of results with time were investigated. Different
      reaction vessels were examined for their reliability and application for a
      routine assay procedure.

PMID- 978416
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of C-15-epimers of 15
      methylprostaglandin E2 methyl ester and 15-methylprostaglandin E2.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic system that permits quantitation of 15
      methylprostaglandin E2 and its methyl ester is described. Separation from the
      corresponding C-15 epimers is effected by adsorption chromatography on
      microparticulate silica with refractive index detection.

PMID- 978417
TI  - Comparison of observed and predicted first-pass metabolism of nortriptyline in
      humans.
AB  - The extent of first-pass metabolism of nortriptyline, calculated by comparing the
      areas under the plasma concentration-time curves following intravenous and oral
      dosing in six individuals, varied from 41 to 54%. Theoretically predicted values
      ranged from 41 to 61% based on a plasma flow model, indicating that the clearance
      takes place mainly from the plasma, which does not represent the whole blood
      concentration.

PMID- 978418
TI  - Selectivity of 4-methoxyphenethylamine derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine
      oxidase.
AB  - It has been established that the oxidative deamination of tyramine by monoamine
      xodase is inhibited by (+/-)-4-methoxy-beta-hydroxyphenethylamine and its N
      methylated derivatives. This particular series of compounds does not inhibit the
      action of monoamine oxidase when tryptamine is used as the substrate. In
      contrast, 4-methoxyphenethylamine and its N-methylated homologs inhibit the
      monoamine oxidase-catalyzed deamination of both tyramine and tryptamine.

PMID- 978419
TI  - Volume of distribution and tissue level errors in instantaneous intravenous input
      assumptions.
AB  - A comparison was made between instantaneous input assumption and short-term zero
      order infusion for 1 and 2 min for several drugs showing fast distribution to the
      tissue compartments. The errors ranged from 9 to 40% for the volume of the
      central compartment, from 0.7 to 11% for the volume of distribution following
      pseudo-distribution equilibrium, and from 11 to 34% for the volume of
      distribution change at the end of the 2-min infusion period. Significant errors
      in the tissue levels also were observed. It was suggested that all intravenous
      administrations be considered as short-term zero-order inputs.

PMID- 978420
TI  - Stereochemistries of geometric isomers of 4-(2-bromo-1,2-diphenylvinyl)phenol, 4
      (2-bromo-1,2-diphenyylamine: corrections of the literature.
AB  - The stereochemistries of geometric isomers of 4-(2-bromo-1,2
      diphenylvinyl)phenol, 4-(2-bromo-1,2-diphenylvinyl)anisole, and 2-[p-(2-bromo-1,2
      diphenylvinyl)phenoxy]triethylamine were determined by conversion of the phenolic
      analog to the ethers and subsequent comparison of physical properties with those
      of 2-[p-(2-chloro-1,2-diphenylvinyl)phenoxy]triethylamine of known
      stereochemistry.

PMID- 978421
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized isothiocyanate derivatives against
      pathogenic plant microorganisms.
AB  - Fifteen reaction products of isothiocyanates with cysteine, seven reaction
      products of isothiocyanates with 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol, and four reaction
      products of isothiocyanates with sulfanilamide were synthesized. Their
      antimicrobial activity against pathogenic plant microorganisms was investigated.

PMID- 978422
TI  - Automated analysis of warfarin sodium tablets.
AB  - An automated procedure was developed for the determination of warfarin sodium by
      following the steps of the manual USP procedure. The automated procedure is
      applicable to single tablets and composites of 20 tablets at different tablet
      concentrations. Sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and reproducibility are
      equivalent to the manual USP procedure. Sensitivity was approximately 15 mug/ml,
      with a coefficient of variation of 0.711%.

PMID- 978423
TI  - Sulfur analogs of psychotomimetic amines.
AB  - The syntheses and physical properties are described for 2,5-dimethoxy-4
      methylthiophenylethylamine and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylthiophenylisopropylamine.
      The latter compound is the sulfur analog of the psychotomimetic
      phenylisopropylamines 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylisopropylamine and 2,5-dimethoxy-4
      methylphenylisopropylamine wherein the methylthio group replaces a methoxy group
      or a methyl group, respectively. This compound is predicted to be about 30 times
      as active as mescaline.

PMID- 978424
TI  - Rapid procedure for assessment of compounds that modify uptake and release of
      tritiated norepinephrine.
AB  - A rapid procedure to estimate tritiated norepinephrine (levarterenol) in a single
      mouse heart is described. The method is based upon oxidation of the tritium in
      the tissue to tritiated water, which is then determined by liquid scintillation
      spectroscopy. Large numbers of samples can be assayed with great facility. The
      effects of standard compounds that modify the uptake and release of 3H
      norepinephrine in heart tissue were determined with this system, and a procedure
      for studying their interactions is described.

PMID- 978425
TI  - Starch paste granulations: factors causing binder dilution effects on
      granulations and tablets.

PMID- 978427
TI  - Orthogonal least squares.

PMID- 978428
TI  - In the name of liberty.

PMID- 978426
TI  - Starch paste granulations: factors causing binder dilution effects on
      granulations and tablets--a response.

PMID- 978429
TI  - Cyanocobalamin degradation.

PMID- 978430
TI  - Drug delivery systems versus dosage forms.

PMID- 978431
TI  - Equations for bolus intravenous injection in linear pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 978432
TI  - Critical analysis of "flip-flop" phenomenon in two-compartment pharmacokinetic
      model.
AB  - Computer simulations were used to examine the effect of first-order absorption on
      the disposition of one- and two-compartment model drugs. Two-compartment systems
      that attain a clinically acceptable beta-phase after rapid intravenous injection
      were perturbed by introduction of drug via first-order absorption. The validity
      of perceiving such a system as a potential "flip-flop" model was tested by
      comparing the negative slopes of log-linear plasma-time profiles to known values
      for ka and beta for various values of ka, k12, k21, and k10. Although most log
      linear plots showed excellent correlation coefficients (r2 greater than 0.996),
      their negative slopes (S) did not represent either ka or beta under various
      combinations. A similar consideration of the one-compartment model enabled a
      comparison to be made between the two systems. Maximum negative errors were
      observed for both one- and two-compartment drugs as ka leads to k2 or beta,
      respectively. The value for S provided a good estimate of the absorption rate
      constant, ka, when k2 greater than or equal 2ka (one compartment) or beta greater
      than or equal 2ka. The elimination rate constant (k2 or beta) could be obtained
      from S for all one-compartment and some two-compartment drugs when the value of
      ka was approximately twice that of k2 or beta. Large positive errors also were
      observed with certain two-compartment drugs where the ratio of the four rate
      constants apparently linearized a nonlinear plasma profile. Conditions wherein S
      may be expected to approach beta wherein S approaches ka are clearly defined.

PMID- 978433
TI  - Wettability of pharmaceutical solids: estimates of solid surface polarity.
AB  - Contact angle measurements of water and methylene iodide with various organic
      solids were used to estimate the surface free energy per square centimeter,
      gammaS, and the contributions of nonpolar and polar forces, gammaSd and gammaSp,
      respectively. The ratio of gammaSp to gammaS was used as an estimate of solid
      surface polarity, and values ranging from 0 to 42% polarity were calculated for
      materials of pharmaceutical interest. Surface free energies per mole were
      calculated to compare the influence of different substituent groups on
      wettability. This approach offers a convenient means to quantitate the polarity
      of organic pharmaceutical solid surfaces.

PMID- 978434
TI  - Comparative evaluation of tablet lubricants: effect of application method on
      tablet hardness and ejectability after compression.
AB  - The effect of four lubricants (stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium
      stearate, and talc) on the ejectability and hardness of statically compressed
      tablets of a lactose granulation was examined. Two methods of application of
      these lubricants, incorporation into the granulation and mixing with the
      granulation, were compared. In both methods, the energy consumption curves during
      ejection and the hardness curves with lubricant concentration were similar and
      showed complicated behavior at a lower concentration. The mixing method gave
      better results for ejectability and hardness than the incorporation method.

PMID- 978435
TI  - Kinetic analysis of penicillin degradation in acidic media.
AB  - Degradation of penicillin in acidic media (pH 2.7) was monitored by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography and UV spectroscopy. The effects of temperature, buffer
      concentration, and ionic strength were examined. A degradation pathway is
      proposed, and the apparent first-order rate constant and energy of activation
      were calculated for each reaction. One or more degradation products containing a
      sulfhydryl group, a functional group often suggested as having a major role in
      eliciting allergic responses to penicillin therapy, were present throughout the
      degradation scheme.

PMID- 978436
TI  - Effect of intragranular and extragranular disintegrating agents on particle size
      of disintegrated tablets.
AB  - Five materials were compared for their effectiveness as disintegrating agents:
      maize starch, sodium calcium alginate, alginic acid, microcrystalline cellulose,
      and a colloidal aluminum silicate. The effect of the proportion of the agent
      present and the position with respect to the granule, intra- and extragranular,
      was examined. The extragranular formulations disintegrated much more rapidly than
      the intragranular ones, but the latter gave a much finer dispersion of particles.
      A combination of intra- and extragranular disintegrating agents gave the best
      compromise; of those tested, the alginates appeared to effect the breakdown to
      the smallest particles when placed intragranularly. A method of assessing the
      effectiveness of disintegrating agents for uncoated tablets is suggested, but the
      resulting weight mean particle size is the more important criterion for tablets
      complying with a pharmacopoeial disintegration test. The porosity and crushing
      strength of tablets are useful as guides to disintegration only when a given
      formulation is used.

PMID- 978437
TI  - Quantitative determination of theophylline in pharmaceutical dosage forms by
      differential spectrophotometry.
AB  - Theophylline was determined with good precision in tablets and capsules by
      differential spectrophotometry. Xanthines such as caffeine and theobromine did
      not interfere providing the total xanthine concentration was kept below 100
      mug/ml. At a higher total xanthine concentration, nonlinearity occurred,
      presumably due to complex formation. This interference could be minimized by
      proper selection of the analytical wavelength.

PMID- 978438
TI  - Physical aspects of wet granulations II: factors involved in prolonged and
      excessive mixing.
AB  - Evidence is presented that excessive blending in a wet granulation process shifts
      the packing arrangement of the wet granule, causing it to become dense and
      nonporous. With prolonged kneading, a large amount of the water-soluble
      excipients dissolves in the granulating fluid, and these two factors make the
      drying slower. This result, coupled with the previous finding that a certain time
      is required to attain an equilibrium size granule, explains why there exists an
      optimum kneading time for a wet granulation from a mechanical performance point
      of view.

PMID- 978439
TI  - Pharmaceutical applications of solid dispersion systems: dissolution of
      griseofulvin-succinic acid eutectic mixture.
AB  - The dissolution profile of the griseofulvin-succinic acid eutectic mixture system
      was evaluated using the powder and constant-surface are tablet methods. Factors
      contributing to the enhancement of griseofulvin dissolution from the dispersion
      in succinic acid are discussed. Contrary to the original proposal of Sekiguchi
      and coworkers, dissolution rates of driseofulvin from solid dispersions were
      found to be markedly affected by the particle size of solid dispersions.

PMID- 978440
TI  - Application of trichloroacetyl isocyanate to NMR analysis of steroids of
      pharmaceutical interest I: corticosteroids and chemically related compounds.
AB  - The trichloroacetyl carbamates of 38 corticosteroids and chemically related
      compounds were prepared, and their NMR spectra in deuterochloroform were
      obtained. The effects of the introduction of a number of functional groups on the
      chemical shift of the carbamate proton signals were determined.

PMID- 978441
TI  - Drug biotransformation interactions in man VI: acetaminophen and ascorbic acid.
AB  - Oral administration of 3 g of ascorbic acid 1.5 hr after an oral dose of 1 g of
      acetaminophen caused a rapid and pronounced decrease in the excretion rate of
      acetaminophen sulfate in five healthy adult volunteers. There was a statistically
      significant increase in the fractions of the dose of acetaminophen excreted as
      such as as acetaminophen glucuronide but a decrease in the fraction excreted as
      acetaminophen sulfate. The apparent biological half-life of acetaminophen
      increased from 2.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SD) to 3.1 +/- 0.5 hr. Concomitant
      administration of sodium sulfate prevented these effects. Ascorbic acid, which
      itself is metabolized in part to the sulfate, inhibits the conjugation of
      acetaminophen with sulfate by competing for available sulfate in the body.

PMID- 978442
TI  - Structural functions of taste in the sugar series VII: taste properties of
      ketoses.
AB  - The preferable structural feature for sweetness is a lipophilic moiety, e.g., a
      five- or six-membered ring with a polar substituent containing an A-H/B system
      outside the ring. In ketoses, this unit is probably the 1,2-glycol. If a third
      feature (the lipophilic, gamma, site) is required for the attainment of optimum
      sweetness and if it is C-6 in ketoses, then this site can accommodate quite a
      large constituent, both above and below the plane of the ring. The removal of the
      hydroxyl group from the C-6 hydroxymethyl substituent to yield the 7-deoxy
      derivatives causes bitterness, thus implicating the primary hydroxymethyl group
      with bitterness.Therefore, the creation of lipophilic site(s) in the sugar ring
      causes the realignment of the sugar molecule on the taste receptor surface. The
      distrubance of the proposed A-H/B system, e.g., the removal of the C-2 hydroxyl
      group, causes the ring alpha-glycol unit (most likely the ring C-3 and C-4
      hydroxyl groups) to function as the A-H/B system.

PMID- 978443
TI  - Molecular connectivity V: connectivity series concept applied to density.
AB  - The concept of the expanded series of the connectivity index, chi, is introduced
      and applied to a consideration of the density of three classes of molecules.
      Correlations are found using two terms in the expanded series. A preliminary
      reflection on the extended series terms is made. It is noted that the regression
      equation constant in the three studies is close to the phase volume, 0.7402, and
      the possible significance of this fact is discussed.

PMID- 978444
TI  - Computerized automated system for determining dissolution rate profiles for solid
      dosage forms.
AB  - A unique automated system was developed for the measurement of dissolution rates
      of tablets and capsules. This system, which adheres to principles set forth in
      the compendia, can test six dosage forms simultaneously. It is modular in form
      and capable of maintaining sink conditions, and it can handle any type of
      chemistry amenable to an automatic analyzer. In addition to the usual dissolution
      apparatus, the system includes a 12-channel combination sampling and solvent
      addition pump, a sequence control module, pertinent automated analyzer
      components, a spectrophotometer or fluorometer, an optional recorder, a specially
      designed digitizing system, and a teletype equipped with a paper tape punch
      reader and acoustic coupler. Each dissolution flask is automatically sampled
      every 6 min. Standards may be run either before or after the samples. Since
      dissolution, sampling, chemistry, and readout are all accomplished
      simultaneously, the complete test time is essentially reduced to the dissolution
      time itself. At the completion of sample dissolution, raw dissolution profile
      data are on the punched paper tape ready for computer processing via a time
      sharing system. Developed software provides for the printout of a complete test
      report in less than 15 min.

PMID- 978445
TI  - Sensitive GLC procedure simultaneous determination of phenytoin and its major
      metabolite from plasma following single doses of phenytoin.
AB  - An improved GLC procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of
      phenytoin and its metabolite, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, in plasma
      and urine following enzyme hydrolysis. After extraction, the drug, the
      metabolite, and the internal standard, 5-(p-methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, are
      measured by GLC with flame-ionization detection as their respective methyl
      derivatives following flash-heater methylation with trimethylanilinium hydroxide.
      The drug and metabolite give well-resolved symmetrical peaks on a phenyl methyl
      silicone column, and the method has a sensitivity of 150 ng/ml of phenytoin and
      125 ng/ml of the metabolite. GLC-mass spectral evidence is presented for the
      formation and intact determination of methyl derivatives of the drug, its
      metabolite, and the internal standard.

PMID- 978446
TI  - Synthesis of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(alpha-14C-1-adamantoyl)-sn-glycerol and 1-14C
      adamantanecarboxylic acid.
AB  - The pancreatic lipase inhibitor 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(alpha-14C-1-adamantoyl)-sn
      glycerol, with a specific activity of 8 mCi/mmole, was prepared by consecutive
      acylation of 1,2-isopropylidene-sn-glycerol with 1-14C-adamantanecarboxylic acid
      chloride and oleoyl chloride. The 14C-labeled acid was conveniently prepared by
      carboxylation of 1-adamantanol using 14C-sodium formate in concentrated sulfuric
      acid.

PMID- 978447
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of enzyme inhibitors in rats.
AB  - Three liver microsomal enzyme inhibitors, proadifen, 2,4-dichloro-6
      phenylphenoxyethyldiethylamine, and 2,4-dichloro-6-phenylphenoxyethylamine, and a
      hepatotoxic agent, carbon tetrachloride, were tested for anticonvulsant activity
      in adult male albino rats using the maximal electroshock seizure technique. All
      four substances exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity 1 hr after
      intraperitoneal administration. This protection was absent when tested 24 hr
      later.

PMID- 978448
TI  - Antiradiation compounds XVI: N-heterocyclic aminoethyl disulfides and
      aminoethanethiosulfuric acids.
AB  - A series of N-heterocyclic and N-heterocyclic alkyl derivatives of bis(2
      aminoethyl) disulfide and aminoethanethiosulfuric acid was synthesized as
      potential antiradiation and anticancer agents. The compounds were prepared by the
      reactions of the heterocyclic halides with bis(2-aminoethyl) disulfide and
      aminoethanethiosulfuric acid. A dithio acid derivative, 3,3-dimercapto-2
      cyanoacryloylpyrrolidide, was also prepared. Several compounds, including the
      dithio acid derivative, provided good radiation protection to mice. None of the
      compounds screened showed appreciable anticancer activities in two leukemia
      systems.

PMID- 978449
TI  - Gravimetric determination of chlorhexidine using tetraphenylborate ion.
AB  - A precise and accurate gravimetric procedure was developed for the determination
      of chlorhexidine diacetate, digluconate, or dihydrochloride. Sodium
      tetraphenylborate solution was the precipitant in an acidic medium (pH 1).
      Tablets containing both chlorhexidine diacetate and benzocaine also were assayed.

PMID- 978450
TI  - GLC determination of cyclobenzaprine in plasma and urine.
AB  - A GLC determination of cyclobenzaprine in human plasma and urine is described.
      After extraction from alkalinized samples with heptane-isopentyl alcohol (97:3),
      the drug and internal standard were back-extracted into 0.1 N HCl and then
      reextracted into ether. Use of a lower homolog of the drug as an internal
      standard was effective in reducing variability. Drug concentrations as low as 25
      ng/ml could be assayed with high precision. Plasma levels in humans given 40 mg
      po or iv ranged from 5 to 51 ng/ml; little unchanged cyclobenzaprine was present
      in the urine. The N-desmethyl analog of the drug was detected as a metabolite in
      urine.

PMID- 978451
TI  - IR spectroscopic characterization of 2-thiohydantoins and 2-thiobarbiturates.
AB  - A characterization of 2-thiohydantoins and 2-thiobarbiturates by IR spectra is
      proposed, using three characteristic group frequencies: the "thioureide band"
      around 1500 cm-1 and the antisymmetric-symmetric stretching modes of NCS bonds
      around 1400 and 1200 cm-1. The general characteristic absorption areas are found
      by comparison with N-phenylthioureas and thioanilides.

PMID- 978452
TI  - GLC determination of pilocarpine.

PMID- 978453
TI  - Effects of plasma protein binding of drugs on duration and intensity of
      pharmacological activity.

PMID- 978454
TI  - Appearance of myelin forms in rheopexic dispersions of dioctyl sodium
      sulfosuccinate.

PMID- 978455
TI  - On the statistics of drug-receptor constants for partial agonists.
AB  - A linear relationship between equieffective concentrations of agonist in the
      presence and absence of partial agonist was examined statistically. These
      experimental concentrations permit the estimation of the apparent dissociation
      constant Kp with a weighted fit. The form of the weights was proposed
      theoretically and substantiated by simulated experiments. Constants Kp for (+/-)
      p-chloroisoproterenol were estimated from the antagonism by three concentrations
      of (+/-)-p-chloroisoproterenol of the positive chronotropic effects of (-)
      isoproterenol on kitten (Kp = 1.75 X 10(-7) M) and guinea-pig (Kp = 1.84 X 10(-7)
      M) right atria. The Kp values were similar regardless of the concentrations of
      (+/-)-p-chloroisoproterenol used; they were also similar to a Kp of 1.95 X 10(-7)
      M) estimated BY Kaumann and Birnbaumer (J. Biol. Chem. 249: 7874-7885, 1974) for
      the (+/-)-p-chloroisoproterenol-receptor complex coupled to the adenylyl cyclase
      in cell-free membrane particles of kitten heart. The proposed statistical
      procedure appears to be useful for systems with sigmoid log concentration-effect
      curves in which concentrations of the dependent variable are obtained from
      interpolation.

PMID- 978456
TI  - The role of acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholinesterase activity in the
      development of denervation supersensitivity.
AB  - Strips of muscle from innervated and denervated rat hemidiaphragm were tested for
      sensitivity to acetylcholine and to carbachol. For both agonists, denervation (6
      8 days) produced notable supersensitivity. However, the increase in sensitivity
      to acetylcholine (ca. 600-fold) was much greater than that to carbachol (ca. 51
      fold). Denervation also produced an increase in [3H]alpha-bungarotoxin binding
      (ca. 20-fold), presumably indicative of an increase in the number of
      acetylcholine receptors. In addition to causing increases in tissue sensitivity
      and receptor number, denervation caused a marked loss of acetylcholinesterase
      activity (ca. 70%) and a modest loss of butyrylcholinesterase activity (ca. 20%).
      When innervated muscle was pretreated with eserine (5 X 10(-5) M), there was a
      loss of acetylcholinesterase activity (ca. 86%) and butyrylcholinesterase
      activity (ca. 36%). Simultaneously, there was an increase in tissue sensitivity
      to acetylcholine (ca. 26-fold). When denervated muscle was pretreated with
      eserine, there was no loss of enzyme activity beyond that caused by denervation.
      Furthermore, eserine pretreatment did not increase denervated muscle sensitivity
      to acetylcholine. The data suggest that both an increase in acetylcholine
      receptors and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity contribute to the
      phenomenon of denervation supersensitivity.

PMID- 978457
TI  - Stimulation of glycogenolysis by beta adrenergic agonists in skeletal muscle of
      mice with the phosphorylase kinase deficiency mutation (I strain).
AB  - The mechanism by which beta adrenergic agonist stimulate glycogenolysis in intact
      skeletal muscle was investigated in mice with the phosphorylase kinase deficiency
      mutation (I strain). Although extracts of I strain diaphragm muscle had only 3.7%
      of the phosphorylase kinase activity found in extracts of the control strain
      (C57BL), incubation of I strain hemidiaphragms in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer
      with either isoproterenol or epinephrine resulted in a stimulation of the rate of
      glycogenolysis. In C57BL diaphragms, the EC50 values for isoproterenol and
      epinephrine were 2 and 14 nM, respectively. With I strain diaphragms, dl
      isoproterenol or l-epinephrine stimulated glycogenolysis as a linear function of
      the log of the drug concentration with no apparent plateau of response up to
      concentrations of 30 to 40 mugM. For each 10-fold increase in drug concentration,
      isoproterenol and epinephrine stimulated glycogenolysis in I strain muscles an
      additional 0.37 to 0.42 mg/g/hr, a slope in the concentration-response
      relationship of 0.17 and 0.37, respectively, of that measured in C57BL diaphragms
      at concentrations around the EC50. The highest glycogenolytic response measured
      in I strain hemidiaphragms (at 40 mugM isoproterenol) was 80% of the maximal
      catecholamine-stimulated glycogenolysis in C57BL diaphragms. Both 4 nM and 4 mugM
      isoproterenol, in a concentration-dependent manner, stimulated phosphorylase b to
      a conversion in I and C57BL diaphragms and increased cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentrations. The glycogenolytic response to 10.1 nM
      dl-isoproterenol in both I and C57BL diaphragms was blocked by 34 nM l
      propranolol but not by 34 nM d-propranolol. The response to 4 mugM isoproterenol
      was enhanced by the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors papaverine (27
      mugM) or dl-4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro 20-1724, 3 mugM).
      From the results of these studies, we conclude: 1) Catecholamines stimulate
      glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle of I mice, as in C57BL mice, by interacting
      with the beta adrenergic receptor, thereby increasing tissue cyclic AMP
      concentrations and stimulating phosphorylase b to a conversion. 2) alternative
      hypotheses for the mechanism of the catecholamine-stimulated decrease in glycogen
      concentration in I skeletal muscle-inhibition of glycogen synthesis, hyposia and
      5'-AMP stimulation of phosphorylase b activity-have been ruled out. 3) the
      activity of the mutant phosphorylase kinase, although it is only 3.7% of that in
      extracts of C57BL muscle, is sufficient to produce phosphorylase b to a
      conversion and thereby account for the glycogenolytic response of I strain muscle
      to catecholamines.

PMID- 978458
TI  - Serotonin accumulation in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus: ion dependence,
      structure-activity relationship and the effect of drugs.
AB  - The specific accumulation of serotonin in neurons of the guinea-pig myenteric
      plexus was examined. Nonadrenergic neurons have been shown to be responsible for
      this accumulation. Serotonin accumulation, known to be sodium-dependent, was
      found to be inhibited by elevating the external potassium concentration.
      Accumulation was inversely related to the concentration of potassium and was also
      decreased in the presence of 0 mM Ca++ or 12 mM Ca++. The affinity of analogous
      molecules for the myenteric plexus was greatly reduced in compounds which had no
      alkyl amino side chain, in which the amino group was methylated or which had no 5
      hydroxyl group. Most analogs competitively inhibited serotonin accumulation and 6
      hydroxytryptamine was demonstrated by histofluorescence to be taken up into the
      myenteric plexus after chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. Serotonin
      accumulation was also inhibited by tricyclic antidepressants and amphetamines.
      The inhibition of serotonin accumulation by these compounds differed from their
      inhibition of  accumulation of norepinephrine. As in the central nervous system,
      chlorimipramine was the most potent tricyclic antidepressant against accumulation
      of serotonin while desmethylimipramine was the most potent inhibitor of the
      accumulation of norepinephrine. Amphetamines were more effective inhibitors of
      serotonin accumulation than were tricyclic antidepressants, but all of these
      drugs were more effective against the accumulation of norepinephrine than
      serotonin. This study confirms the existence of a unique population of axons int
      he mammalian myenteric plexus which are distinguishable by their characteristic
      accumulation of serotonin and have not been found elsewhere in the peripheral
      nervous system.

PMID- 978459
TI  - Functional evaluation of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced sympathectomy in the liver of
      the cat.
AB  - Intraportal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (25 mg/kg) results in nearly complete
      functional sympathectomy in the cat liver 1 week after the injection. Functional
      sympathectomy was verified by comparing the changes in liver blood volume
      (measured in vivo in a plethysmograph) resulting from direct stimulation of the
      hepatic nerves in control and pretreated animals. Pretreatment prevented the
      large reductions in hepatic blood volume normally seen with nerve stimulation
      while the response to infused noradrenaline was not reduced. Lack of
      morphological changes in right atrial nerve endings and an unaltered pressor
      response to bilateral carotid arterial occlusion indicate that sympathectomy at
      sites other than the liver did not occur.

PMID- 978460
TI  - In vitro denervation of the portal vein and caudal artery of the rat.
AB  - The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the isolated portal vein and caudal
      artery of the rat were studied to investigate the possibility of producing in
      vitro adrenergic denervation of these blood vessels. Loss of nerve function was
      determined by field stimulation of the nerves, using short pulses, and by 3H
      norepinephrine (NE) uptake. Addition of 6-OHDA produced contractions of both
      veins and arteries. Two hours after treatment with 6-OHDA, the contractile
      responses of the caudal arteries and portal veins to field stimulation were
      reduced to undetectable levels. At this point, the vessels were unable to take up
      3H-NE and incubation of the preparations with l-NE failed to restore the
      contractile responses to nerve stimulation. Prejunctional supersensitivity to l
      NE was observed in the portal vein after 6-OHDA but hot in helically cut strips
      of caudal artery. Prejunctional supersensitivity of the caudal artery to NE was
      seen, however, if the vessel geometry was kept intact, suggesting that the uptake
      mechanism for catecholamines only plays a major role in the termination of action
      of exgenous NE when norepinephrine is applied through the nerve plexus. We
      conclude that in vitro treatment with 6-OHDA rapidly produces functional
      adrenergic denervation of both portal vein and caudal artery of the rat and
      provides an accurate assessment of the importance of the neuronal uptake
      mechanism to NE sensitivity.

PMID- 978461
TI  - Adrenergic neuronal degeneration induced in portal vein and caudal artery by 6
      hydroxydopamine in vitro.
AB  - Fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy were used to study the
      structural consequences of in vitro exposure to the sympatholytic agent 6
      hydroxydopamine on two blood vessels, the portal mesenteric vein and caudal
      artery of the rat. The results showed depletion of catecholamines to indetectable
      levels associated with clear signs of adrenergic nerve degeneration, such as
      cytoplasmic shrinking, virtual absence of dense core vesicles and swelling of
      mitochondria. All of the changes observed occurred within 2 hours in the caudal
      arteries and 3.5 hours in the portal veins. Comparison of electron and
      fluorescence micrographs of incubated control specimens with those of
      unincubated, fresh specimens showed that the nerve endings of the incubated
      controls were well preserved for at least 3.5 hours. With destruction of nerve
      endings in such a short period of time, the processes of specific neuronal
      degeneration could be clearly demonstrated in isolated blood vessels.

PMID- 978462
TI  - Influence of neonatal and adult hyperthyroidism on behavior and biosynthetic
      capacity for norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain.
AB  - In neonatal rats, administration of l-triiodothyronine (10 mug/100 g/day) for 30
      days presented signs of hyperthyroidism which included accelerated development of
      a variety of physical and behavioral characteristics accompanying maturation. The
      spontaneous motor activity was increased by 69%. Exposure of developing rats to
      thyroid hormone significantly increased the endogenous concentration of striatal
      tyrosine and the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase as well as the levels of
      dopamine in several brain regions. The concentration of striatal homovanillic
      acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, the chief metabolites of dopamine, was
      also increased and the magnitude of change was greater than the rise in dopamine.
      Despite increases in the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase and the availability of
      the substrate tyrosine, the steady-state levels of norepinephrine remained
      unaltered in various regions of brain except in cerebellum. Futhermore, neonatal
      hyperthyroidism significantly increased the levels of midbrain tryptophan and
      tryptophan hydroxylase activity but produced no change in 5-hydroxytryptamine
      levels of several discrete brain regions, except hypothalamus and cerebellum
      where its concentration was slightly decreased. However, the 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels were enhanced in hypothalamus, ponsmedulla,
      midbrain, striatum and hippocampus. The elevated levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
      acid did not seem to be due to increased intraneuronal deamination of 5
      hydroxytryptamine since monoamine oxidase activity was not affected in cerebral
      cortex and midbrain of hyperthyroid rats. The data demonstrate that
      hyperthyroidism significantly increased the synthesis as well as the utilization
      of catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in maturing brain. Since the mature
      brain is known to respond differently to thyroid hormone action than does the
      developing brain, the effect of L-triiodothyronine treatment on various putative
      neurohumors also was examined in adult rats. Whereas administration of l
      triiodothyronine (10 mug/100 g/day) for 30 days to 120-day-old rats increased the
      levels of tyrosine by 23% and of tryptophan by 43%, no appreciable change was
      noted in tryptophan hydroxylase activity. In contrast to neonatal
      hyperthyroidism, excess of thyroid hormone in adult rats failed to produce any
      change in motor activity and tended to decrease striatal tyrosine hydroxylase
      activity only slightly. The concentration of dopamine remained unchanged in all
      regions of the brain except in midbrain where it rose by 19%. Whereas
      norepinephrine concentration was altered in hypothalamus, pons-medulla and
      midbrain, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and its metabolite, 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid, were significantly decreased in striatum and
      cerebellum. Since dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons are the critical
      components of the motor system, the possibility exists that elevated behavioral
      activity in young L-triiodothyronine-treated animals might be associated with
      increased turnover of catecholamines in neuronal tissue.

PMID- 978463
TI  - Tryptoline inhibition of serotonin uptake in rat forebrain homogenates.
AB  - We have examined the effects of six tryptolines (tetrahydro-beta-carbolines) upon
      5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake into rat forebrain homogenates. All six were
      found to be competitive inhibitors of 5-HT uptake. 5-Hydroxytryptoline, the most
      potent inhibitor, had an inhibitor constant (Ki) of 0.3 mugM. Both 5
      hydroxytryptoline and 5-hydroxymethtryptoline were also shown to be relatively
      selective against 5-HT uptake, being 20 times less potent against norepinephrine
      uptake and 40 times less potent against dopamine. Since it is possible that
      tryptolines might be formed as a result of alcohol consumption, these results
      suggest that it is important to examine the possibilities that such compounds
      mediate some of the effects of alcohol upon serotonergic pathways.

PMID- 978464
TI  - The existence of tolerance to and cross-tolerance between d-amphetamine and
      methylphenidate for their effects on milk consumption and on differential
      reinforcement-of-low-rate performance in the rat.
AB  - Administration of d-amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) or methylphenidate (20 mg/kg)
      decreased milk consumption in rats. When these drugs were administered daily,
      tolerance developed to this effect over the course of 20 days. Cross-tolerance to
      the effects on milk consumption occurred between d-amphetamine and
      methylphenidate over a 4-fold range of dose of both drugs. Administration of d
      amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) or methylphenidate (10 mg/kg) disrupted responding under
      differential-reinforcement-or-low-rate (DRL) contingencies. Both drugs increased
      response rate, decreased frequency of reinforcement and shifted the mode of the
      inter-response time distribution to the left. When the drugs were administered
      daily, tolerance developed to all these effects over the course of 20 days. Cross
      tolerance to the effects on DRL behavior occurred between d-amphetamine and
      methylphenidate over a 4-fold range of dose of both drugs. Daily administration
      of d-amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) but not of methylphenidate (20 mg/kg) resulted in
      decreased norepinephrine (NE) levels in brain; the decreased norepinephrine
      levels, which occur with repeated d-amphetamine administration, are believed to
      result from the storage in noradrenergic neurons of p-hydroxynorephedrine, a
      metabolite of d-amphetamine. Radioactivity was not detectable in brain 24 hours
      after the last of 15 daily doses of radiolabeled methylphenidate. These results
      suggest that d-amphetamine, but not methylphenidate, is metabolized to a compound
      which is stored in noradrenergic neurons. The existence of behavioral cross
      tolerance between d-amphetamine and methylphenidate is therefore inconsistent
      with the hypothesis that tolerance to the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine is
      due to the metabolism of d-amphetamine to p-hydroxynorephedrine, a false
      transmitter in noradrenergic neurons.

PMID- 978465
TI  - Studies on the effect of 5,5'-diphenylhydantoin on in vitro protein synthesis in
      rat brain.
AB  - Previous investigators have reported binding of the drug 5,5'-diphenylhydantoin
      (DPH) to RNA and DNA and an effect of this compound on protein synthesis. We have
      studied the effect of DPH on in vitro protein synthesis by investigating the
      possible role of this drug on poly-Uracil-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis
      and natural mRNA-directed amino acid incorporation into polypeptides. There was
      no demonstrable effect of DPH on either of these reactions. It was also found the
      DPH did not alter the rate of aminoacylation of purified rat liver tRNAs. The in
      vivo daily administration of DPH to animals for a period of 2 weeks did not
      appear to affect the in vitro poly-Uracil-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis
      (chain elongation aspects of protein synthesis) in adult rat brain. It was also
      found that DPH did not inhibit DNA-dependent RNA synthesis as catalyzed by RNA
      polymerase. These studies do not support the hypothesis that DPH plays a role in
      protein synthesis in adult brain cells.

PMID- 978466
TI  - Anticonvulsant action of acute morphine administration in rats.
AB  - The effect of acute administration of morphine on cerebral excitability was
      investigated in rats with two convulsant drugs: flurothyl (hexafluorodiethyl
      ether) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). In the flurothyl study, adult male Sprague
      Dawley (S-D) rats were injected subcutaneously with morphine sulfate in doses
      ranging from 0.5 to 256 mg/kg. At 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after morphine
      injection, flurothyl was administered by inhalation and the seizure thresholds
      were determined. In the PTZ study, 64 mg/kg of morphine sulfate were injected
      subcutaneously into both S-D and CFN (Wistar-derived) rats. Thresholds to PTZ
      seizures were measured after administering the convulsant either by the
      intraperitoneal or intravenous route. The data revealed an anticonvulsant action
      of morphine on both flurothyl and PTZ. Peak time for this effect on flurothyl
      seizures was 30 minutes after subcutaneous administration of the opiate, with the
      maximal anticonvulsant activity appearing at the 64-mg/kg dose. The increase in
      seizure threshold in S-D rats at this dose was 36% with flurothyl, 94% with
      intravenous PTZ and 352% with i.p. PTZ. Morphine had a less dramatic influence on
      raising the latter seizure threshold in the CFN than in the S-D strain. The
      graded dose-related anticonvulsant action is independent of the respiratory
      depression associated with morphine administration and appears to be a reflection
      of an altered central nervous system excitability produced by the narcotic in
      rats.

PMID- 978467
TI  - Action of anaphylaxis and histamine on isolated mammalian ventricles: contractile
      hyperactivation and changes of membrane potentials.
AB  - The effects of anaphylaxis and histamine on the action potential and the
      isometric contraction of isolated guinea-pig papillary muscles have been
      investigated. The anaphylactic reaction was found to affect directly ventricular
      muscle fibers. The anaphylactic alterations of membrane and contraction
      parameters were very similar to effects of histamine and were not affected by
      pretreatment with reserpine. Isometric contraction developed typical features of
      contractile hyperactivation, characterized by a marked increase of peak force
      associated with shortening of time to peak of contraction and the appearance of
      oscillatory contractions and aftercontractions. Mechanical alternans and
      electrical alternans were also observed. Oscillatory contractions occurring
      during membrane depolarization were increased with prolongation of the action
      potential duration. After contractions developed after complete repolarization of
      the membrane and increased at higher stimulation rates. The anaphylactic reaction
      and histamine caused shortening of the action potential. Resting potential,
      overshoot and maximum rate of rise of action potential were not significantly
      changed. A common mechanism of contractile hyperactivation based on a
      multicompartment model of the intracellular Ca movements in discussed.

PMID- 978468
TI  - Influence of calcium concentration on the rate of onset of cardiac glycoside and
      aglycone inotropism.
AB  - Isolated rabbit atria were employed to examine the rate of onset of inotropism of
      two glycosides (strophanthin and ouabain) and aglycones (acetylstrophanthidin and
      ouabagenin) in the presence of various concentrations of calcium (0.55, 1.1, 2.2,
      4.4 and 8.8 mM). The rate of onset of glycoside-induced inotropism was found to
      be greatly influenced by the calcium concentration. The rate of onset was
      increased in both low and high calcium, with the minimum rate of onset at 1.1 or
      2.2 mM calcium. In contrast, the rate of onset of aglycone-induced inotropism was
      not dependent on calcium between 0.55 and 4.4 mM calcium. The rate of onset of
      aglycone-induced inotropism was increased at 8.8 mM calcium. The results are
      interpreted by postulating that the digitalis inotropic receptor is located in a
      membrane-limited compartment to which aglycones may gain access via passive
      diffusion but to which glycosides gain access mainly via a (calcium-dependent)
      carrier mechanism.

PMID- 978469
TI  - A comparison of effects of SKF 525-A and procaine on excitation-contraction
      coupling in single crayfish muscle fibers.
AB  - The effects of beta-diethylaminoethyldiphenylpropylacetate hydrochloride (SKF 525
      A) on excitation-contraction coupling and Ca-dependent electrogenesis are
      compared to those of procaine. At pH 7.2, SKF 525-A and procaine occur
      essentially (greater that 97%) as a free base and as a cation, respectively. At
      this pH, SKF 525-A elicited tension development, blocked K-induced contractures
      and the K-induced repriming of caffeine contractions, potentiated caffeine
      induced tensions, inhibited the procaine-induced spikes and twitches and,
      depending on the concentration, either potentiated (25-50 muM) or depressed
      (greater than 100 muM) the tensions associated with the graded membrane
      electrogenesis. At the same pH, procaine blocked the contractions elicited by SKF
      525-A, by high K media, by the graded electrogenesis and by caffeine, and
      converted the graded membrane responses into all-or-none spikes. It is proposed
      that SKF 525-A as a free base 1) inhibits membrane Ca activation more effectively
      than it depresses K conductance and 2) is synergistic with caffeine in reducing
      the effectiveness of Ca sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Procaine as
      a cationic molecule is thought to depress K activation more than Ca activation
      during depolarization and to block the release of Ca ions from the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 978470
TI  - Mechanism of action of spironolactone on adrenocortical function in guinea pigs.
AB  - Spironolactone administration (50 mg/kg/day for 3 days) to make guinea pigs
      decreased cortisol production by adrenal slices in vitro. Adrenal microsomal and
      mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 levels were also decreased after treatment with
      spironolactone. The decline in adrenal cytochrome P-450 content was accompanied
      by decreases in microsomal 21-hydroxylase and mitochondrial cholesterol side
      chain cleavage and 11beta-hydroxylase activities. Activities of other adrenal
      enzymes, such as delta4-hydrogenase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, were
      unaffected by spironolactone treatment. Cortisone administration to guinea pigs
      failed to mimic the effects of spironolactone on adrenal function, which
      indicates specificity of spironolactone action and excludes inhibition of
      adrenocorticotropin secretion as a mode of action. Addition of spironolactone to
      isolated adrenal mitochondria or microsomes produced type I spectral changes with
      spectral dissociation constants similar to those for endogenous steroid
      substrates. Spironolactone, in vitro, inhibited 11beta- but not 21-hydroxylase
      activity. The results indicate that spironolactone administration diminishes the
      activity of adrenal mitochondrial as well as microsomal cytochrome P-450
      containing enzymes, resulting in a fall in corticosteroid output.

PMID- 978471
TI  - Metabolism of prostaglandins A and E in the perfused rabbit lung and the effects
      of selected inhibitors.
AB  - Hypothermia (4 degrees C) reversibly inhibits metabolism of prostaglandin A1
      (PGA1) in the perfused rabbit lung and decreases the transit time of PGA1 through
      the lung. Co-perfusion of PGA1 (0.28 muM) and PGE1 (2.8 muM) resulted in 48%
      inhibition of PGA1 metabolism. Ouabain and phenoxybenzamine (10(-5) M) did not
      significantly affect PGA1 metabolism. We examined the effect of diphloretin
      phosphate (DPP; 6.0 mu/ml) on the metabolism of prostaglandin A1 (0.28-5.03 muM)
      and E1 (PGE1;0.28-11.56 muM). The metabolism of both prostaglandins appeared to
      be saturable processes and, in the case of PGE, the data conformed to Michaelis
      Menten kinetics: the apparent Km (muM) and apparent Vmax (nmol/lung X min-1) in
      control lungs were 9.0 +/- 0.3 and 87.9 +/- 1.4, respectively, and in the DPP
      treated lungs were 9.6 +/- 0.5 and 57.7 +/- 1.8. This suggests that DPP acts in a
      noncompetitive manner. The magnitude of inhibition of PGA1 and PGE1 metabolism
      (both at 0.28 muM) was linearly related to the DPP concentration, over the range
      of 0.06 to 25.0 mug/ml. The ID50 values of DPP inhibition of PGA1 and PGE1
      metabolism were 2.2 and 8.4 mug/ml, respectively. Perfusion of PGA1 at 2.96 muM
      or higher concentrations caused reversible vasoconstriction which was
      significantly inhibited (P less than .05) by DPP (6.0 mug/ml) by an average of
      77.2 +/- 5.8% (n = 7).

PMID- 978472
TI  - Analgesic nephropathy: renal distribution of acetaminophen and its conjugates.
AB  - Acetaminophen (APAP) and its conjugates (APAP-conj) are the major metabolites of
      phenacetin. To study their significance in the pathogenesis of analgesic
      nephropathy, their concentrations in the renal parenchyma were determined in
      conjunction with clearance measurements in 15 dogs with inulin as a reference
      marker. Particular attention was given to interpretation of the mechanisms
      responsible for the concentrations generated within the papilla. For APAP, APAP
      conj and inulin there is a significant corticomedullary gradient which is
      inversely related to the rate of urine flow. For inulin and APAP-conj, this
      gradient may be explained by their concentrations within the tubular fluid of the
      distal nephron. With concentration in the urine as a reference, the apparent
      volume of distribution of inulin within the papilla is not fixed, but varies with
      the rate of urine flow. Using several different types of comparison with inulin,
      we found that the results with APAP are consistent with its penetration by
      diffusion into the cellular compartment of the papilla. Dehydration leads to
      maximal concentrations of APAP in the urine as well as in the tubular fluid and
      the cells of the distal nephron. This is consistent with the kinetics of
      diffusion.

PMID- 978473
TI  - Tissue distribution of levo-methadone in nonpregnant and pregnant female and male
      mice: effect of SKF 525-A 1,2.
AB  - Male, nonpregnant and pregnant female (15-17 gestational days) mice were injected
      i.p. with saline or SKF 525-A (50 mg/kg) and 1 hour later with levo-3H-1
      methadone (205 mug/kg; 0.8 and 5 mg/kg). Levels of free methadone were examined
      in some or all of the following tissues: brain, plasma, liver, lung, spleen,
      kidney, heart, eye, placenta, amniotic fluid, whole fetus, fetal brain and liver.
      In saline controls, the methadone concentrations in several adult tissues, whole
      fetuses, fetal brain and liver reached peak levels at 15 minutes and were
      negligible at 24 hours. Tissue levels of methadone increased in a dose-related
      manner; however, the brain/plasma concentration ratios with the three doses were
      almost unity at 15 minutes, 1 hour and 3 hours. Among adult tissues with high
      concentrations were the lung, liver, kidney and spleen; the brain in contrast
      contained very low concentrations. No notable differences were detected in the
      tissue levels of methadone in males and nonpregnant females; however, in pregnant
      mice significantly higher levels were observed in the lung and the liver. Fetal
      brain, liver and whole fetus concentrations were approximately similar. At 15
      minutes, the fetal brain contained about 3 times more methadone than the maternal
      brain and the difference increased at subsequent times. Nonpregnant females
      excreted somewhat larger amounts of 3H in the urine than did pregnant females.
      SKF 525-A markedly enhanced and prolonged the concentrations of methadone in all
      the adult and the fetal tissues and lowered urinary excretion of total
      radioactivity in nonpregnant and pregnant females. Marked increases in tissue
      radioactivity after SKF 525-A might be due to a combination of effects involving
      inhibition of drug metabolism, altered tissue distribution and lower urinary
      excretion.

PMID- 978474
TI  - Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on the response of the
      coaxially stimulated guinea-pig ileum to morphine.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the role of norepinephrine and 5
      hydroxytryptamine in the action of morphine in the coaxially stimulated guinea
      pig ileum. 6-hydroxydopamine produced supersensitivity to norepinephrine and
      decreased the levels of norepinephrine in the ileum. 6-Hydroxydopamine did not
      interfere with the acute effects of morphine but did interfere with the degree of
      tolerance developed to morphine, which is in contrast to reported results of the
      effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on the analgesic response to morphine. No evidence
      was found that 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine altered the acute or chronic response of
      the ileum to morphine. Again this is in contrast to results for the analgesic
      receptor where 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine has been reported to inhibit the
      development of tolerance to morphine. Thus, the role of the biogenic amines in
      the action of morphine in the ileum appears to differ from their reported role in
      the action of morphine in the central nervous system.

PMID- 978475
TI  - Effects of neonatal or maternal methadone administration on ornithine
      decarboxylase activity in brain and heart of developing rats.
AB  - Methadone was administered daily to pregnant or nursing rats, or directly to
      neonates, and the effects on brain and heart weights and ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC) activities were determined during postnatal development. Exposure to
      methadone in the postnatal period either directly or via the mother resulted in
      delays in maturational decreases in brain ODC accompanied by deficits in brain
      weight. Prenatal exposure alone had less effect on brain weight or ODC but
      appeared to enhance the effect of subsequent methadone exposure during the
      postnatal period. In the heart, direct methadone exposure or prenatal plus
      postnatal maternal administration led to a pattern of altered ODC activity
      consistent with delayed development, accompanied by heart weight deficits. The
      disturbance of heart ODC development after purely prenatal or purely postnatal
      maternal exposures differed from that obtained after direct administration to the
      neonate. These data show that exposure to methadone during fetal and/or neonatal
      life produces alterations in polyamine metabolism which may result in abnormal
      organ development. The type of change is dependent upon the period and route of
      exposure and may reflect both direct effects on the pup and indirect effect from
      drug-induced alterations in maternal metabolism or behavior.

PMID- 978476
TI  - The deveolopment of a radioimmunoassy for detection of cocaine metabolites.
AB  - This paper describes the production of antibenzoylecgonine (BE) serum in rabbits
      and sheep from an ecgonine-sheep gamma globulin conjugate. With the use of this
      antiserum a radioimmunoassay was developed capable of detecting 5 to 10 ng of
      benzoylecgonine, a major cocaine metabolite in human urine. The antibody
      recognized ecgonine approximately 1/2, benzoylnorecgonine 1/10, cocaine, 1/5, and
      norcocaine and ecgonine methyl ester less than 1/50 as much as benzoylecgonine.
      The radioimmunoassay has been utilized in the measurement of benzoylecgonine
      levels in human urines and in organs and biological fluids of rabbits and rats.
      Qualitative results were compared with the Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay
      Technique and thin-layer chromatography and found to be in good agreement. The
      technique is the most sensitive one available for monitoring cocaine ingestion by
      man and allows for specific determination of benzoylecgonine directly in urine
      without extraction and/or derivatization. Although ecgonine-sheep gamma globulin
      was used as the immunogen, the total antibody produced by both species was more
      reactive with respect to BE. The greater reactivity to BE suggests a possible
      conversion of a significant portion of the conjugated ecgonine in vivo to
      compound(s) conformationally more closely related to BE against which the major
      portion of the total antibody subsequently elicited was directed.

PMID- 978477
TI  - Mode of action of trichloroethylene on squid axon membranes.
AB  - The mode of action of trichloroethylene on electrical properties of squid giant
      axons has been studied by means of voltage clamp techniques. Trichloroethylene
      decreased the resting membrane potential in a manner dependent upon the
      concentration, the depolarization by 50% saturated trichloroethylene attaining
      28.4 and 32.7% of the initial value at 20 and 10 degrees C, respectively. Leakage
      conductance was decreased to 34.6% of the control by 30% saturated
      trichloroethylene at 10-12 degrees C. It appears that the trichloroethylene
      induced depolarization is at least in part due to a decrease in resting potassium
      permeability. Both peak transient and steady-state conductance increases were
      suppressec by trichloroethylene, and the curve relating the steady-state
      conductance to the membrane potential was shifted in the depolarizing direction
      while the peak transient conductance curve was not appreciably shifted. The
      reversal potential for the peak transient current was greatly shifted by
      trichloroethylene in the direction of hyperpolarization in a manner dependent on
      the concentration, the maximum shift amounting to 25 mV at 10 degrees C. This
      effect was less pronounced at 20 degrees C. The shift in the reversal potential
      is mostly due to a decrease in selectivity of the peak transient channel and
      partly due to an accumulation of sodium ions inside. Analyes of dose-response
      relation in suppressing peak transient and steady-state conductances show that
      trichloroethylene interacts with receptor on a one-to-one stoichiometric basis.
      Steady-state sodium inactivation curve was shifted by trichloroethylene in the
      direction of hyperpolarization. All of these effects were partially reversed
      after washing the axon with anesthetic-free media. The accumulation of sodium
      ions inside would be much more pronounced in small nerve fibers in the brain than
      in giant axon and, together with the observed decrease in the selectivity of peak
      transient channels, would play a significant role in general anesthesia.

PMID- 978478
TI  - Uptake and metabolism of nicotine by the isolated perfused rabbit lung.
AB  - In order to investigate the possibility of pulmonary first-pass metabolism of
      nicotine inhaled in tobacco smoke, the absorption and disposition of 14C-nicotine
      were studied in an isolated perfused rabbit lung preparation after nicotine
      administration directly into the perfusing blood and tobacco smoke administration
      via in the inspired tracheal air. After administration into the perfusing medium,
      the rate of nicotine metabolism was first-order and dose-independent at the two
      doses studies (0.1 and 1.0 mg) but lung metabolic clearance was quite low (3
      ml/min) relative to whole body clearance (140 ml/min) measured by administering
      14C-nicotine to intact rabbits. Accumulation of nicotine by lung was not
      extensive (13-23% of the dose administered). After administration of tobacco
      smoke from 14C-nicotine-spiked cigarettes, absorption of nicotine was rapid but
      the rate of metabolism was markedly reduced compared to the studies in which drug
      was administered in the perfusing medium. This reduction in the rate of
      metabolism was apparently caused by some component of tobacco smoke but was shown
      to be unrelated to the level of carbon monoxide in the perfusate. The slow
      clearance of nicotine by rabbit lung (which is further reduced after smoke
      administration) compared to a high pulmonary blood flow rate makes unlikely the
      possibility of significant first-pass lung metabolism in smokers.

PMID- 978479
TI  - The effects of physostigmine on cholinesterase activity, storage and release of
      acetylcholine in the isolated chicken heart.
AB  - Total activity of the cholinesterases (ChE) and the concentration and output of
      acetylcholine (ACh) were measured in isolated chicken hearts. The ACh
      concentration of the right ventricle was as high as that of the total heart
      (approximately 7 nmol/g). The ChE activity and its kinetic parameters did not
      differ from those of other vertebrates. In the absence of physostigmine,
      stimulation of both vagus nerves (20 Hz, 5 minutes) caused an output of ACh and a
      decrease in rate (-90% of control) and amplitude (-74%) of the ventricular
      contraction. Physostigmine (10(-7) M) inhibited the ChE by 87%, caused a small
      reduction of the ACh concentration (P = .05) and more than doubled the ACh output
      in response to vagal stimulation. In contrast, 10(-6) M physostigmine increased
      significantly the ACh concentration by about 40% within 5 minutes; the output was
      almost 3-fold higher than that in the absence of physostigmine and the ChE was
      nearly completely inhibited (-96%); the output of ACh in the 5th minute of
      stimulation was not significantly lower than that in the 1st minute.
      Physostigmine, in a concentration of 10(-4) M, did not change the ACh content of
      the heart and was much less effective in elevating the ACh output than was a
      concentration of physostigmine of 10(-6) M. In conclusion, the high ACh output
      from isolated chicken hearts evoked by preganglionic nerve stimulation was at
      least partially due to the pronounced innervation of the avian ventricles.
      Inhibition of the ChE by 96% failed to cause ganglionic transmission block. The
      formation of surplus ACh required higher physostigmine concentrations (10(-6) M)
      than the inhibition of the external ChE (protection of ACh released). High
      physostigmine concentrations (greater than 10(-6) M) counteracted the formation
      of surplus ACh.

PMID- 978480
TI  - Maturation of renal organic acid transport in vivo: substrate stimulation by
      penicillin.
AB  - These experiments were designed to demonstrate that pretreatment of newborn dogs
      with penicillin will enhance maturation of the renal organic anion transport
      system in vivo. Littermate pups were injected with procaine penicillin G (300,000
      I.U./kg b.i.d. for 3 days) or saline before 2 weeks of age. Animals were
      surgically prepared on day 16 or 17. Transport of p-aminhippurate (PAH), as an
      indicator of renal organic anion transport, was quantified by the following
      procedures: 1) disappearance of a bolus injection from the plasma, 2) renal
      extraction and 3) rate of secretion in steady-state clearance experiments. The
      renal handling of insulin was measured simultaneously in all procedures for
      comparison. Penicillin-treated animals excreted a single intravenous bolus of PAH
      more rapidly than control animals, with the T1/2 decreased and the constant of
      elimination (Ke) increased. The extraction of PAH by kidneys of penicillin
      treated animals was 165% that of controls. Similarly, the tubular secretion of
      PAH was increased in treated pups. These data confirm that in newborn animals the
      renal handling of organic anions in vivo is enhanced by pretreatment with a
      substrate of the secretory system.

PMID- 978481
TI  - Effect of dihydro-ouabain on vascular tone on the perfused cannine hindlimb.
AB  - Digitalis compounds are known to cause contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
      However, it has been reported by Kahn and colleagues (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
      142: 215-222, 1963) that dihydro-ouabain has no effect on vascular tone in dogs.
      The purpose of our study was to reassess the vasoconstrictor activity of dihydro
      ouabain. This was done by monitoring perfusion pressure of the canine hindlimb
      preparation perfused at a constant rate of blood flow and administering intra
      arterial injections of dihydro-ouabain. Increasing doses of this drug (i.e., 25,
      50, 100, 200 and 300 mug) produced significant dose-dependent increases in
      perfusion pressure. Pretreatment with phentolamine prevented the effect of
      dihydro-ouabain on perfusion pressure. These results indicate that dihydro
      ouabain causes contraction of vascular smooth muscle by an adrenergic mechanism.

PMID- 978482
TI  - Effect of nitroprusside on smooth muscle and adrenergic nerve terminals in
      isolated blood vessels.
AB  - Experiments were designed to assess the mode of action of nitroprusside on
      isolated blood vessels and its relative potency on venous and arterial smooth
      muscle. Strips from dog blood vessels were mounted in an organ bath for isometric
      tension recording. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-5) M) depressed the contraction of
      saphenous vein strips caused by electric stimulation, tyramine, K+, Ba++,
      norepinephrine and acetylcholine. The depression of the norepinephrine-induced
      contractions also occurred in a Ca++- free medium and when Ca++ influx was
      inhibited by verapamil. Nitroprusside reduced the frequency of the spontaneous
      contractions of strips of portal-mesenteric veins. It depressed the contraction
      caused by norepinephrine in tibial artery strips more than in saphenous vein
      strips. Saphenous vein strips were incubated with (3H)norepinephrine and mounted
      for superfusion and isometric tension recording. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-5) M)
      had no effect on the basal efflux of 3H compounds. During electric stimulation,
      it did not change the output of (3H)norepinephrine but increased the outflow of
      deaminated and O-methylated metabolites. Thus sodium nitroprusside 1) has a
      direct effect on the smooth muscle cells which is independent of Ca++ influx, 2)
      depresses contractions of different types of vascular smooth muscle and 3) does
      not inhibit the release of norepinephrine from the nerve endings.

PMID- 978483
TI  - Metabolic activation of furosemide to a chemically reactive, hepatotoxic
      metabolite.
AB  - The possibility that furosemide-induced hepatic necrosis results from the
      formation of a chemically reactive hepatotoxic metabolite has been examined.
      Hepatotoxic doses of 3H-furosemide or 14C-furosemide were administered to normal
      mice and to mice pretreated with piperonyl butoxide, cobalt chloride, alpha
      naphthylisothiocyanate or phenobarbital. Mice were killed at various time
      intervals and tissues were examined for necrosis, for free furosemide
      concentrations and for covalently bound metabolites of furosemide. Little
      furosemide was covalently bound to muscle, whereas the amount of covalently bound
      material in liver usually paralleled the severity of live necrosis after
      alteration by the pretreatments. The severity of hepatic necrosis failed to
      correlate with furosemide concentrations in liver or plasma. Furosemide was shown
      to be metabolically activated to an arylating intermediate by a cytochrome P-450
      mixed function oxidase in hepatic microsomes. Additional experiments demonstrated
      that the furan ring of furosemide was the portion activated.

PMID- 978484
TI  - Comparison of the effect of carbon monoxide and of hypoxic hypoxia. I. In vivo
      metabolism, distribution and action of hexobarbital.
AB  - Previous experiments had shown that carbon monoxide inhalation prolonged the in
      vivo response zoxazolamine. However, CO was clearly less potent than an
      equivalent level of hypoxia induced by inhalation of lowered O2 content (hypoxic
      hypoxia). The present study revealed that both CO and hypoxic hypoxia also
      prolonged the pharmacologic response to a drug of vastly different structure and
      site of action, i.e., hexobarbital. In this case, CO was approximately equipotent
      to hypoxic hypoxia in prolonging sleeping time. In spite of a number of
      significant effects of the two types of hypoxia on factors such as rate of
      peritoneal absorption, distribution into the brain and brain sensitivity to the
      drug, their relative potencies in prolonging sleeping time appeared to reflect
      adequately their relative effects on in vivo rate of metabolism. This conclusion
      was based on their equipotencies in decreasing the rate of disappearance of
      hexobarbital from the blood. The observation that hypoxia induced by CO had no
      greater effect on hexobarbital metabolism than hypoxia induced by oxygen
      deprivation suggests that the binding of CO to cytochrome P-450 is not important
      in drug metabolism in vivo. CO would appear to act solely by inducing tissue
      hypoxia.

PMID- 978485
TI  - Comparison of the effect of carbon monoxide and of hypoxic hypoxia. II.
      Hexobarbital metabolism in the isolated, perfused rat liver.
AB  - Rat livers were perfused with a red blood cell-containing perfusion medium. The
      rate of metabolism of hexobarbital was determined in this system as the
      recirculating perfusion fluid was made hypoxic by exposure to either CO or
      lowered oxygen tension. It was found that 7.6% of the total oxygen consumed by
      the liver was utilized to metabolize hexobarbital regardless of the severity of
      the hypoxia, which suggests that the liver does not shunt O2 to more preferential
      pathways as O2 availability becomes limited. When oxygen delivery was lowered
      below 0.3 ml of O2 per min per g of liver by either type of hypoxia, the rate of
      hexobarbital metabolism decreased. However, based on the rate of oxygen delivery,
      CO was more potent than hypoxic hypoxia in inhibiting drug metabolism. On the
      other hand, the two types of hypoxia were equipotent when compared on the basis
      of alterations in oxygen consumption. These results are consistent with the known
      effect of CO in decreasing the availability of hemoglobin-bound O2 and further
      argue against the direct inhibition of drug metabolism by the binding of CO to
      cytochrome P-450 in the isolated liver. They also suggest that the lack of a
      greater potency of CO relative to hypoxic hypoxia in vivo might be related to
      alterations in hepatic blood flow.

PMID- 978486
TI  - Studies of the metabolism of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin relating principally to the
      stereoselectivity of the hydroxylation reactions in man and the dog.
AB  - The hydroxylated metabolites of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in dog and human
      urine, after release by beta-glucuronidase, have been isolated and purified by
      procedures entailing only solvent partitioning without crystallization or any
      other procedure that could change the proportions of optical isomers. Dogs
      produced both the meta- and para-5-hydroxyphenyl-5-phenylhydantoins (m-HPPH and p
      HPPH) from DPH, the former in approximately 6 times the amount of the latter. The
      m-HPPH from dog urine was dextrorotatory and had the properties of a pure optical
      isomer. The p-HPPH from dog urine was a mixture of optical isomers with
      approximately a 2:1 preponderance of the levorotatory isomer. When dog urine was
      heated with acid rather than treated with beta-glucuronidase, the isolated p-HPPH
      contained a small preponderance of the dextrorotatory isomer, probably owing to
      production of d-p-HPPH from the dihydrodiol metabolite. No o-HPPH was found in
      dog urine. When racemic p-HPPH and m-HPPH were administered to dogs, there was
      little if any preponderance of either optical isomer in the materials isolated
      from urine. Enzymatically released p-HPPH isolated from urine of human patients
      receiving DPH was a mixture of optical isomers with approximarely a 10:1
      preponderance of the levorotatory isomer. Crystallization of this material
      readily yields pure l-p-HPPH. Human urine contained only very small amounts of m
      HPPH, which was detectable by gas chromatography but insufficient in amount to
      permit isolation. Hypotheses are discussed that could account for the differences
      in the metabolism of DPH in man and dog. Small amounts of 2,2-diphenylhydantoic
      acid were found in urine of dogs but not of human patients receiving DPH.

PMID- 978487
TI  - Role of metabolism in the biliary excretion of methadone metabolites.
AB  - The biliary excretion of the major methadone metabolites was studied after the
      administration of purified 14C-labeled metabolites of methadone. The three
      methadone metabolites administered to rats were the pyrrolidine and pyrroline
      metabolites and the glucuronide conjugate of the hydroxylated pyrroline
      metabolite. We found that the excretion of 14C into bile was greater after
      administration of the metabolites which underwent fewer metabolic steps prior to
      biliary excretion. Phenobarbital pretreatment of rats increased the biliary
      excretion of 14C after the administration of the 14C-labeled pyrrolidine and
      pyrroline metabolites, both of which undergo further metabolism. Phenobarbital
      pretreatment did not change the biliary excretion of 14C-labeled glucuronide of
      the pyrroline metabolite which does not undergo further metabolism in the liver.
      Analysis of bile samples showed that the increased biliary excretion of 14C in
      phenobarbital-pretreated rats after administration of the labeled pyrrolidine and
      pyrroline metabolites was due primarily to increases in the biliary excretion of
      methadone metabolites which resulted from further in vivo metabolism of the
      injected metabolites. These data confirm our earlier suggestion (Roerig et al.,
      Biochem. Pharmacol. 24: 355-362, 1975) that phenobarbital pretreatment increases
      biliary excretion of methadone metabolites by increasing hepatic metabolism of
      methadone. Furthermore, it can be concluded from these studies that metabolism is
      a rate-limiting process in the excretion of methadone metabolites in bile.

PMID- 978488
TI  - Ischemic changes in the canine heart as affected by the dimethyl quaternary
      analog of propranolol, UM-272 (SC-27761).
AB  - The effects of the dimethyl quarternary analog of propranolol, UM-272, on
      myocardial infarct volume were studied in the canine heart. Myocardial infarction
      was produced by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery for 60 minutes
      followed by reperfusion and quantitation of infarct volume 24 hours later. Groups
      of dogs were either untreated or pretreated with UM-272 with an initial loading
      dose of 5.0 mg/kg (group A) or 2.5 mg/kg (group B) 30 minutes before occlusion of
      the left circumflex coronary artery. Both group A and group B animals received
      additional doses of 2.5 mg/kg of UM-272 every 90 minutes for a period of 6 hours
      so that the total respective doses were 15 and 12.5 mg/kg. Control animals
      received comparable volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. All animals were
      followed throughout the 6-hour procedure with continuous electrocardiographic
      recordings which were used to assess the effects of acute myocardial ischemia
      upon disturbances in cardiac rhythm and the effects of drug treatment. Dogs which
      survived the procedure were given tetracycline i.v. the next day and sacrificed 1
      hour later by an overdose of pentobarbital sodium. The hearts were removed and
      the left ventricle was sliced and examined first under ultraviolet light to
      localize the ischemic zone by noting the tetracycline fluorescence. The
      ventricular slices were next incubated in nitro blue tetrazolium which stains
      normal myocardial tissue, thus allowing one to quantitate the volume of infarcted
      myocardium by excising and weighing the nonstained and stained muscle separately.
      The untreated control group had an infarct volume of 23.8 +/- 3.2 g/100 g of left
      ventricle. The treated animals in groups A and B had respective infarct volumes
      of 2.3 +/- 0.8 g/100 g (P less than .001) and 7.0 +/- 3.3 g/100 g (P less than
      .025) of left ventricle. During the acute phase of ischemia and reperfusion,
      arrhythmias and alterations in the ST-segment, R-wave amplituted and development
      of pathologic Q-waves were more prominent in the untreated animals and almost
      totally absent in the treated animals. UM-272 produced a dose-dependent decrease
      in heart rate as well as a decrease in developed isometric tension. Pretreatment
      with UM-272 did not prevent the derangement of function in the ischemic zone nor
      did it permit a return of function upon reperfusion, even though it reduced the
      degree of cellular damage resulting from 60 minutes of regional ischemia. A
      possible mechanism for the protective effect of UM-272 may be through its ability
      to reduce myocardial contractility and heart rate, both of which would reduce
      myocardial oxygen consumption and thus produce a more favorable balance between
      myocardial oxygen supply and myocardial oxygen demand.

PMID- 978489
TI  - Phentolamine and isoproterenol: comparison of effects on vascular resistance and
      oxygen uptake in skeletal muscle during hypotension.
AB  - Effects of drugs on precapillary vessels and oxygen uptake may differ from
      effects on resistance vessels and total flow in skeletal muscle. This study was
      performed to compare effects of phentolamine and isoproterenol, two drugs which
      are used to treat shock, on oxygen uptake in skeletal muscle. Oxygen uptake of
      gracilis muscle (GVO2) was measured in muscles perfused at constant flow or
      constant pressure in normotensive dogs. We compared effects of the drugs on
      oxygen uptake at doses chosen so that both drugs produced comparable effects on
      vascular resistance. With flow constant, phentolamine increased but isoproterenol
      decreased or did not alter GVO2. With constant pressure, phentolamine produced
      significantly greater increases in GVO2. For example, increases in GVO2 occurred
      with all three doses of phentolamine, but only with the high dose of
      isoproterenol. Neither drug altered oxygen-hemoglobin affinity of red blood cells
      or oxygen consumption of skeletal muscle in vitro. The results suggest that
      phentolamine produces more favorable effects than isoproterenol on oxygen uptake
      in skeletal muscle, presumably because of greater dilator action on precapillary
      sphincters.

PMID- 978490
TI  - Uptake, metabolism and efflux of methadone in "single pass" isolated perfused
      rabbit lungs.
AB  - The uptake, metabolism and persistence of racemic, d- and l-methadone were
      studied in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. The removal of the drug from the
      perfusate was resolved into two uptake processes (I1 and I2Y. The unidirectional
      flux of methadone from the perfusate into the lung was linear with respect to
      perfusate concentration, suggesting an uptake mechanism involving diffusion
      and/or binding. The uptake of d- and l-methadone was identical. In the absence of
      methadone in the perfusate, methadone that previously had accumulated in the lung
      effluxed at three rates (T1/2 = 0.37, 1.65 and 8.9 minutes) suggesting that
      accumulated methadone was stored in at least three pools (E1, E2, and E3) In
      addition, a pool with a half-life in excess of 5 hours (noneffuxable pool) was
      detected; this noneffluxable pool was shown not to be the result of irreversible
      covalent binding. Methadone was biotransformed to a small extent by the isolated
      perfused lung to mono- and di-N-demethylated metabolites. Although unchanged
      methadone and its N-demethylated metabolites were consistently found in the lung
      at the end of efflux, the mono-N-demethylated metabolite was not always
      detectable in the perfusate. Nevertheless, the decrease in the rate of efflux of
      the metabolites with respect to time was identical to that of unchanged
      methadone.

PMID- 978491
TI  - Effects of methadone hydrochloride on the growth of organotypic cerebellar
      cultures prepared from methadone-tolerant and control rats.
AB  - Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given dl-methadone (5 mg/kg) for at
      least 3 months and then mated. The drug was continued throughout pregnancy and
      after delivery. The newly born pups were divided into two groups. One group was
      tested for in vivo methadone tolerance, while the animals in the othergroup were
      used to prepare organotypic cerebellar cultures. Various amounts of dl-methadone
      were added to the media of half of these cerebellum cultures. The effect of the
      drug in the medium was assessed by measuring explant outgrowth. Similar
      experiments were carried out with control animals. Statistical analysis of the
      data obtained in the in vivo portion of the experiment indicates that the pups of
      methadone-treated mothers tolerate methadone better than those of untreated
      mothers. The culture experiments revealed that the addition of methadone to the
      medium reduced explant outgrowth size and this was a dose-related effect. Also,
      there was significantly less outgrowth from explants prepared using pups of
      methadone-treated mothers as compared to the controls. There was no significant
      difference in the effect of methadone on the growth of cultures prepared from the
      methadone-tolerant and control animals.

PMID- 978492
TI  - Naloxone blockade of morphine analgesia: a dose-effect study of duration and
      magnitude.
AB  - The purpose of the experiment was to determine the minimal dose of naloxone
      needed to block the analgesic effect of morphine as measured by the foot-shock
      titration procedure in the rat. Various groups of rats received, subcutaneously,
      various doses of naloxone hydrochloride, from 0.03 to 2.0 mg/kg, 15 minutes
      before receiving 10 mg/kg of morphine sulfate. The results indicate that 1.0
      mg/kg of naloxone is the minimum dose necessary to provide full blockade of the
      measured morphine effect for up to 5 hours after the morphine administration.
      Partial blockade was evident at doses much smaller than 1.0 mg/kg of naloxone. A
      dose of 0.125 mg/kg of naloxone completely blocked the onset of a measurable
      effect from 10 mg/kg of morphine for 60 minutes in six out of the seven animals
      tested at that dose. The results provide a clear dose-effect relationship for
      both magnitude and duration of naloxone blockade of the analgesic effect of
      morphine.

PMID- 978493
TI  - Effect of l-propoxyphene on plasma levels and analgesic activity of d
      propoxyphene in the rat.
AB  - Oral administration of l-propoxyphene with d-propoxyphene enhances the analgesic
      activity of d-propoxyphene as expressed in the rat tail heat test. The
      combination of d- and l-propoxyphene at a dose of 10 mg/kg each was found to have
      activity in the analgesic assay equivalent to that observed with d-propoxyphene
      at a dose of 20 mg/kg. In the same test, l-propoxyphene at a dose of 40 mg/kg had
      no activity. Co-administration of equal amounts of l-propoxyphene with d
      propoxyphene (10 mg/kg p.o.) results in an increase in circulating plasma levels
      of d-propoxyphene from 9 +/- 2 to 114 +/- 39 ng/ml 15 minutes after
      administration. The increase in plasma levels is accompanied by a proportional
      increase in the brain and lung levels with no significant change in the liver
      levels. When d-propoxyphene (4 mug/ml) was infused in the isolated perfused rat
      liver, over 98% of the drug was extracted in a single pass through the liver.
      When l-propoxyphene was added to the perfusate (4 mug/ml), the extraction of d
      propoxyphene was decreased to less than 90%. These results indicate that l
      propoxyphene increases the systemic availability of d-propoxyphene by altering
      the amount of d-propoxyphene extracted by the liver.

PMID- 978494
TI  - Disposition of dobutamine in the dog.
AB  - The disposition of dobutamine, a potent inotropic catecholamine, has been
      examined in the dog. A sensitive assay has been developed for dobutamine allowing
      the measurement of the drug at plasma concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. The short
      plasma half-life of dobutamine from the plasma to the tissue. When 14C-dobutamine
      was administered, the plasma half-life of radioactivity was 1.9 hours. The
      circulating radioactivity consists mainly of the glucuronide conjugate of 3-O
      methyldobutamine. During continuous intravenous administration of dobutamine,
      plasma levels of metabolites reached a maximum between 3 and 4 hours. During a 48
      hour time period after administration of 14C-dobutamine, 67% of the radiolable
      was excreted in the urine and 20% in the feces. In dogs having cannulated bile
      ducts, 30 to 35% of the administered drug was excreted in the bile. The major
      urinary metabolites were the glucuronide conjugates of dobutamine and 3-O
      methyldobutamine.

PMID- 978495
TI  - Ionic mechanism of the salicylate block of nerve conduction.
AB  - Benzoic acid, salicylic acid and 5-bromosalicylic acid have been studied for
      their mechanism of action on crayfish and squid giant axons. External application
      of 0.1 to 0.5 mM 5-bromosalicylic acid prolonged the falling phase of the action
      potential, and at concentrations higher than 1.5 mM, nervous conduction was
      blocked. Boltage clamp analyses showed that 5-bromosalicylic acid reduced both
      peak transient sodium conductance and steady-state potassium conductance. The
      curves relating the peak and steady-state conductances to membrane potential were
      shifted in the direction of depolarization. The time constant for the activation
      of sodium current (taum) was not affected by 5-bromosalicylic acid, whereas the
      time constant for the sodium inactivation (tauh) was greatly increased. The
      steady-state sodium inactivation curve (h infinity) was shifted in the
      hyperpolarizing direction. The rate constants alpha h and beta h were decreased.
      The rate of activation of potassium current was reduced. The block of peak
      transient conductance by externally applied 5-bromosalicylic acid was largely
      reversed by internal washing suggesting that the drug acts on a membrane site
      more easily accessible from inside than from outside. Salicylic and benzoic acids
      were much less potent than 5-bromosalicylic acid, reducing peak conductance by
      12.5 and 3%, and steady-state conductance by 8.7 and 7%, respectively, at a
      concentration of 10 mM.

PMID- 978496
TI  - The magnitude and duration of respiratory depression produced by fentanyl and
      fentanyl plus droperidol in man.
AB  - In 10 healthy male volunteers breathing 100% oxygen, we determined the effect of
      four intravenous dose levels of fentanyl (0.0015, 0.003, 0.006 and 0.009 mg/kg)
      and two of fentanyl plus droperidol (i.e., Innovar, 0.003 and 0.006 mg/kg of
      fentanyl with 2.5 mg of droperidol for each 0.05 mg of fentanyl) on PECO2 and the
      slope of the ventilatory response to imposed increases in PECO2. All doses of
      fentanyl and fentanyl plus droperidol depressed the slope and shifted the curve
      to the right. Depression was dose related and was maximum 5 minutes after
      administration. The slope returned to control by 2 hours postinjection even at
      the highest narcotic dose. However, the rightward shift of the CO2 response curve
      require 4 hours to return to control. Droperidol added to fentanyl did not
      increase or prolong the respiratory depression seen with fentanyl alone at
      equivalent dose levels. Nausea and emesis occurred more frequently with fentanyl
      alone and orthostatic hypotension occurred more frequently with droperidol plus
      fentanyl. Dysphoria was a prominent consequence of fentanyl plus droperidol
      administration.

PMID- 978497
TI  - Co-transport of glycine and sodium across the mucosal border of the midgut
      epithelium in the marine shrimp, Penaeus marginatus.
AB  - 1. Influxes of glycine and Na across the mucosal border of the epithelial cells
      lining the midgut lumen of a marine shrimp have been examined. 2. Both mucosal JG
      and JNa displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the influx of each solute was
      markedly dependent upon the presence of the other solute in the bathing solution.
      A portion of JG occurred in the absence of Na, but JNa appeared to be completely
      dependent upon glycine. 3. Glycine influx Kt and Jmax were dependent upon [Na]
      while Na influx Kt and Jmax depended upon [glycine]. 4. K acted as a competitive
      inhibitor of Na binding to the co-transport carrier by altering the Kt of glycine
      influx, but was without significant effect on the amino acid Jmax. 5. The
      coupling coefficient of mucosal co-transport (JNa/JG) varied with the [Na] being
      1-1 at low [Na] (471 mM). 6. A model is proposed in which Na and glycine share
      ternary (NaXG) and quaternary (Na2XG) carrier complexes during their coupled
      influxes, but in which glycine may also traverse the mucosal membrane alone by
      way of an unshared binary (XG) carrier complex.

PMID- 978498
TI  - Heat production and chemical change during isometric contraction of rat soleus
      muscle.
AB  - 1. Methods are described whereby the soleus muscle of the rat may be used for the
      investigation of initial processes in the absence of oxidative recovery. 2. The
      anaerobic conditions employed had no effect on the concentration of
      phosphocreatine in resting muscle or the mechanical response during contraction.
      3. Muscles were stimulated tetanically for 10 s at 17-18 degrees C. Measurements
      were made of the heat production and metabolic changes that occurred during a 13
      s period following the first stimulus. 4. There was no detectable change in the
      concentration of ATP. Neither was there detectable activity of adenylate kinase
      or adenylate deaminase. The changes in the concentration of glycolytic
      intermediaries were undetectable or very small. 5. The change in the
      concentration of phosphocreatine was large and amounted to -127 +/- 11-4
      mumol/mmol Ct (mean and S.E. of the mean, negative sign indicates break-down, Ct
      = free creatine + phosphocreatine) which is equivalent to about -2-13 mumol/g wet
      weight of muscle. The heat production was 6549 +/- 408 mJ/mmol Ct (mean and S.E.
      of mean) which is equivalent to about 110 mJ/g. 6. About 30% of the observed
      energy output is unaccounted for by measured metabolic changes. 7. The ratio of
      heat production (corrected for small amounts of glycolytic activity) to
      phosphocreatine hydrolysis was -49-7 +/- 5-6 kJ/mol (mean and S.E. of mean), in
      agreement with previous results using comparable contractions of frog muscle, but
      different from the enthalpy change associated with phosphocreatine hydrolysis
      under in vivo conditions (-34 kJ/mol). 8. The results support the notion that the
      discrepancy between energy output and metabolism is an indication of an
      unidentified process of substantial energetic significance that is common to a
      number of species.

PMID- 978499
TI  - Properties of motor units of the frog sartorius muscle.
AB  - 1. The mechanical properties of single motor units in the sartorius muscle of the
      frog Litoria aurea were examined during single shock and repetitive stimulation
      of motor axons. 2. The tetanic tension developed by motor units lay in the range
      1-40% of whole muscle tension with two peaks in the distribution, in the range 5
      10% and 25-30%. The large units had briefer times-to-peak for the twitch than the
      small units and were more readily fatigued during prolonged repetitive
      stimulation. 3. Histological examination of the muscle gave a count of 620 muscle
      fibres with a diameter range of 28-128 mum. Cholinesterase stained preparations
      showed that the majority of muscle fibres had several nerve terminals (mean 3,
      range 1-5). 4. Muscle fibres received their multiple innervation from different
      axons (polyneuronal) or branches of the same axon (multiterminal). The presence
      of polyneuronal innervation of muscle fibres was confirmed by a comparison of the
      tensions when each of a pair of motor units was stimulated alone and when they
      were stimulated together. The tension excess, or overlap, was up to 60% when
      expressed in terms of the tension developed by either unit alone. Motor units
      developing similar amounts of tension tended to show more overlap in their
      innervation than units with very different tensions. 5. An estimate of the amount
      of multiterminal innervation gave variable results but could account for up to
      60% of a motor unit's tension. No correlation could be detected between the
      values for multiterminal innervation and any other measured parameter. However,
      it is argued that because of the limitations of the measurements the existence of
      a relationship between the extent of multiterminal or polyneuronal innervation
      and the mechanical properties of the motor unit cannot be excluded.

PMID- 978500
TI  - The reduced responsiveness of neurones in nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis
      following their excitation by peripheral nerve stimulation.
AB  - 1. Post-stimulus histograms of neuronal activity, constructed from extracellular
      recordings in decerebrate, decerebellate cats, have been used to investigate the
      responsiveness of neurons in nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis following
      their excitation by a peripheral nerve stimulus. 2. The response to a testing
      stimulus applied to a peripheral nerve was depressed following the response to a
      conditioning stimulus applied to the same or a different peripheral nerve. This
      reduction in responsiveness was maximal within 50 msec of the peak of the
      response to the conditioning stimulus. Response latencies to the testing stimulus
      were increased during the period of reduced responsiveness. 3. Responsiveness to
      a peripheral nerve stimulus was also reduced following a spontaneous or an
      antidromically evoked spike, but this effect was weaker and much shorter-lasting
      than that following a nerve-evoked spike. Thus, the reduced responsiveness cannot
      be solely due to phenomena which are an inevitable consequence of an action
      potential in the neurone. 4. In spontaneously firing neurones, the duration of
      the reduced responsiveness to a testing stimulus generally outlasted the
      depression of spontaneous activity which often followed an excitation evoked by a
      peripheral nerve conditioning stimulus. 5. The reduction in responsiveness to a
      testing stimulus applied to the same nerve as the conditioning stimulus was
      greater and longer-lasting than that to a testing stimulus applied to a different
      nerve. 6. When stimuli were applied to one nerve at a relatively high rate, the
      neurone became much less responsive to that input, but simultaneously became more
      responsive to low rate stimulation of other nerves. 7. It is concluded that the
      greater part of the reduced responsiveness is due to events occurring on the
      input pathway to a reticular neurone, or possibly in the region of the afferent
      endings on its dendrites. These processes may allow selective changes in
      responsiveness to different inputs, and enable the units to act as novelty
      detectors.

PMID- 978501
TI  - Growth of rats' kidneys after unilateral uretero-caval anastomosis.
AB  - 1. The relative significance of reduced excretion of urinary constituents and
      reduced renal mass, as stimuli to growth of one kidney after the other has been
      removed, has been investigated. 2. To abolish the excretory function of one
      kidney without removing it, the right ureter was drained into the vena cava
      through a compound cannula for 6 weeks. Uretero-caval anastomoses were performed
      in twenty-four male rats at 10 weeks of age: six survived without evidence of
      ureteric obstruction (and a further five with minimal obstruction). 3. The rats
      with anastomoses grew less than six other rats from which the right kidney had
      been removed or six which had been submitted to a sham operation, and their
      plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were higher. 4. Relative to body
      weight, the dry weight of each kidney after uretero-caval anastomosis without
      obstruction was 18% greater than after sham operation; taking both kidneys
      together, the total increase was almost as much as in the left kidney alone after
      right nephrectomy (46%). 5. Histologically and in terms of DNA concentration, the
      growth of both kidneys after uretero-caval anastomosis was of the same kind as in
      the left kidney after right nephrectomy. 6. The return of urine from one kidney
      into the blood provided a powerful stimulus to renal growth in spite of the
      restraining effect of increased renal mass.

PMID- 978502
TI  - Temporal response patterns of the human sinus node to brief carotid baroreceptor
      stimuli.
AB  - 1. A new technique, timed, quantitative neck suction was used to establish in
      normal man the temporal response patterns of the sinus node to brief baroreceptor
      stimuli. 2. Maximum sinus node inhibition occurred when stimuli were delivered
      about 0-75 sec before the anticipated appearance of the subsequent P wave; less
      pulse interval prolongation occurred when stimuli were delivered earlier, or
      later in the cardiac cycle. 3. The timing of maximum sinus node responsiveness
      appeared to be independent of base-line cardiac cycle length. 4. The duration of
      the baroreceptor-cardiac reflex are (the time from the onset of baroreceptor
      stimulation until the earliest occurrence of pulse interval prolongation)
      averaged 0-24 sec. 5. Pulse interval prolongation was proportional to
      baroreceptor stimulus strength and duration. 6. The results suggest that in man,
      sinus node responsiveness to baroreceptor stimuli depends critically upon the
      timing of stimuli within the cardiac cycle.

PMID- 978503
TI  - A technique for intra-arterial injections into hind-limb muscles in conscious
      mammals [proceedings].

PMID- 978504
TI  - Quantitative analysis of foetal breathing movements [proceedings].

PMID- 978505
TI  - Unit studies in normal human gastrocnemius by microstimulation, glycogen
      depletion, and needle biopsy (film) [proceedings].

PMID- 978506
TI  - The measurement of leg forces exerted in bicycling by patients with functionally
      asymmetrical limbs [proceedings].

PMID- 978507
TI  - An optical system for measuring length changes in isolated cardiac muscle
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978508
TI  - Continuous recording of physiological variables and behaviour in young lambs
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978509
TI  - Radiotelemetry of physiological variables in new-born lambs [proceedings].

PMID- 978510
TI  - A method for measuring respiratory responses in the unanaesthetized new-born
      guinea-pig [proceedings].

PMID- 978511
TI  - Simultaneous recording of electrical and mechanical activity in the sheep
      Purkinje fibre [proceedings].

PMID- 978512
TI  - The action of some vasoactive polypeptides and their antagonists on the
      anococcygeus muscle [proceedings].

PMID- 978513
TI  - Absence of gross action of prolonged vibration on mouse motor behaviour
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978514
TI  - The use of sodium salicylate to counter glycoside toxicity [proceedings].

PMID- 978515
TI  - Comparative study of divalent cations as charge carriers in cardiac membrane
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978516
TI  - The effect of membrane potential on the calcium transport systems in squid axons
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978517
TI  - Integrated electromyogram and oxygen uptake during positive and negative work.
AB  - 1. Integrated electromyogram (e.m.g.) from the vastus lateralis muscles, and
      steady-state rates of oxygen uptake, were measured simultaneously during the
      performance of set rates of positive (concentric) and negative (eccentric) work
      at 50 rev/min on a motorized bicycle ergometer. 2. Similar experiments were also
      carried out at other pedalling rates and using other leg muscles. 3. The
      relationships between each of the variables (integrated e.m.g., oxygen
      consumption) and mean torque on pedals were found to be linear (r greater than 0
      98) with a remarkable degree of reproducibility in surface e.m.g. for each
      subject over several months. 4. The ratio of the e.m.g. slopes at 50 rev/min
      (positive/negative) was 1-96 +/- 0-12 while the same ratio for the oxygen uptake
      slopes was 6-34 +/- 0-82. The discrepancy between the ratios suggests that not
      only is less muscle fibre activity required to maintain the same exerted force
      during negative work exercise, but there is also a substantial reduction in the
      oxygen uptake when the fibres are stretched. This was observed for all speeds of
      pedalling.

PMID- 978518
TI  - Inward calcium current in twitch muscle fibres of the frog [proceedings].

PMID- 978520
TI  - The instantaneous elasticity of frog skeletal muscle fibres [proceedings].

PMID- 978519
TI  - Spike initiation by transmembrane current: a white-noise analysis.
AB  - 1. Those features of a transmembrane current correlated with spike initiation
      were examined in Aplysia neurones using a Gaussian white-noise stimulus. This
      stimulus has the advantages that it presents numerous wave forms in random order
      without prejudgement as to their efficacies, and that it allows straightforward
      statistical calculations. 2. Stimulation with a repeating segment of Gaussian
      white-noise current revealed remarkable invariance in the firing times of the
      tested neurones and indicated a high degree of reliability of their response. 3.
      Frequencies (less than 5 Hz) involved in spike triggering propagated faithfully
      for up to several millimetres, justifying intrasomatic current injection to
      examine spike initiation at the trigger locus. 4. Examination of current wave
      forms preceding spikes indicated that a wide variety could be effective. Hence, a
      statistical analysis was performed, including computation of probability
      densities, averages, standard deviations and correlation coefficients of pairs of
      current values. Each statistic was displayed as a function of time before the
      spike. 5. The average current trajectory preceding a spike was multiphasic and
      depended on the presence and polarity of a d.c. bias. An early relatively small
      inward- or outward-going phase was followed by a large outward phase before the
      spike. The early phase tended to oppose the polarity of the d.c. bias. 6. The
      late outward phase of the average current trajectory reached a maximum 40--75
      msec before triggering the action potential (AP) and returned to near zero values
      at the moment of triggering. The fact that the current peak occurs in advance of
      the AP may be partially explained by a phase delay between the transmembrane
      current and potential. The failure of the average current trajectory to return to
      control values immediately following the peak argues for a positive role of the
      declining phase in spike triggering. 7. Probability densities preceding spikes
      were Gaussian, indicating that the average was also the most probable value.
      Although the densities were broad, confirming that spikes were preceded by a wide
      variety of current wave forms, their standard deviations were reduced
      significantly with respect to controls, suggesting preferred status of the
      average current trajectory in spike triggering. 8. The matrix of correlation
      coefficients between current pairs suggested that spikes tended to be preceded by
      wave forms that in part kept close to the average current trajectory and in part
      preserved its shape. 9. The average first and second derivatives of spike-evoking
      epochs revealed that current slope and acceleration, respectively, were most
      crucial in the last 200 msec before spike triggering, and that these dynamic
      stimulus components were more important for a cell maintained under a
      depolarizing, rather than a hyperpolarizing bias. 10...

PMID- 978521
TI  - Use of a small computer on-line to examine cerebellar visual responses
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978522
TI  - The C-fragment of lipotropin - a potent analgesic [proceedings].

PMID- 978523
TI  - Inhibition of thermoregulatory outflow in conscious rabbits during periods of
      sustained arousal [proceedings].

PMID- 978525
TI  - Angiotensin II release from the hypoxic lobe of the intact dog lung
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978524
TI  - Changes in electrical properties of rat myometrium during gestation and following
      hormonal treatments.
AB  - 1. The membrane properties of the rat myometrium, during gestation and following
      ovarian hormone treatment, have been investigated with the micro-electrode
      technique. 2. Spontaneously generated bursts of electrical activity alternating
      with silent periods were recorded from non-pregnant, pregnant and post-partum
      myometria. The membrane potential was highest during the middle stage of
      gestation, but the spike amplitude within a burst was not uniform. In the final
      stage of gestation and during parturition, the membrane potential was low and the
      spikes within a burst were of low frequency and uniform amplitude. 3. During
      parturition and post-partum, a gradual depolarization of the membrane,
      accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance, occurred before the generation
      of a burst. 4. Excitability of the membrane fluctuated from a peak just before
      the generation of a burst to a low after the cessation of a burst. 5.
      Displacement of the membrane potential by electrical current or by lowering the
      temperature modified the slope spontaneous depolarization, but the fluctuations
      of excitability persisted. The Q10 value for the frequency of spontaneous bursts,
      measured between 36 and 30 degrees C, was 3-8. 6. Hyperpolarization of the
      membrane increased the maximum rate of rise of the spike, but beyond -70 mV, the
      rate of rise was reduced. Half-inactivation of spike generation of spike
      generation occurred at a membrane potential less negative than the interburst
      potential, indicating that the current carrying system was not fully activated
      during parturition. 7. In both normal and spayed rats, oestradiol hyperpolarized
      the membrane and the burst of spikes was generated hyperpolarized the membrane
      and the burst of spikes was generated on a sustained depolarization. Progesterone
      slightly hyperpolarized the membrane and burst discharges occurred without a
      sustained depolarization. Simultaneous treatment with progesterone and oestradiol
      produced a plateau potential of long duration during burst discharges. 8. The
      thickness of the muscle layer, length constant of the tissue and time constant of
      the membrane were measured during gestation and from spayed rats under various
      hormonal conditions. The length constant of the tissue was increased by
      oestradiol and was further increased by simultaneous treatment withoestradiol and
      progesterone. The increase in tissue thickness appeared to have the most marked
      influence on the length constant. 9. The resting and active membrane properties
      of the progresterone treated myometrium were similar to those observed during the
      middle stages of gestation. The oestradiol-treated myometrium did not resemble
      that during the last stages of gestation and parturition, which was simulated by
      combination of the two hormones, oestradiol preceding progesterone.

PMID- 978526
TI  - The behaviour of platelets and leucocytes in conditions of hypokinetic and
      anaemic hypoxia, contrasted with the absence of such behaviour in arterial
      hypoxia [proceedings].

PMID- 978527
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E2 and oxytocin on the electrical activity of hormone
      treated and pregnant rat myometria.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and oxytocin on the electrical activity of
      rat myometrium at various stages of gestation and following hormonal treatment
      have been investigated. 1. PGE2 and oxytocin produce an excitation of the
      myometrial membrane under all experimental conditions. The sensitivity of the
      myometrium markedly increases during the last stage of gestation, and at
      parturition is more than one thousand times greater than in the mid-pregnant rat.
      The sensitivity of the myometrium to oxytocin increases rapidly during the last
      stage of gestation but to PGE2 the increase is gradual, beginning in the late
      middle stage of gestation. 2. During the early middle stage of gestation, the
      sensitivity of the myometrium to PGE2 and oxytocin is lower than in the non
      pregnant myometrium. 3. After oestradiol treatment, the sensitivity to PGE2 and
      oxytocin increases but the sensitivity is much weaker than that during the
      parturition. On the other hand, after progesterone treatment, the sensitivity is
      reduced below that of the castrated rat. 4. Differences in the sensitivity of
      progesterone-treated and oestradiol-treated myometria to PGE2 and oxytocin are
      compared to those of the pregnant and post-partum myometrium. The results show
      that the sensitivity of the myometrium to PGE2 and oxytocin during the early and
      early-middle stages of gestation can be simulated by progesterone treatment, but
      that the sensitivity during the last stage of gestation and during parturition
      cannot be simulated by oestradiol and progesterone treatment.

PMID- 978528
TI  - Facilitated transport of CO2 in rat skeletal muscle [proceedings].

PMID- 978529
TI  - Mechanisms involved in gas-blood CO2 equilibration in avian lungs [proceedings].

PMID- 978530
TI  - Lung reflexes in rabbits with inhibition of pulmonary stretch receptor activity
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978531
TI  - The connexion between the ion-binding sites of the sodium pump.
AB  - 1. A study has been made of K influx into human red blood cells in order to
      determine the influence of internal Na on the affinity of the Na pump for
      external K. Cells were prepared to contain minimal K and two Na concentrations
      (about 10 and 30 mueqiv/ml. cells) and incubated in solutions with a range of K
      concentrations. 2. In choline (Na-free) Ringer, activation of K influx by
      external K was hyperbolic. The Km for external K increased as the internal Na
      concentration was raised. The increase was greater than the increase in K influx
      with saturating external K. The Km for external K increased towards a limiting
      value as the internal Na concentration was raised. 3. In contrast, in Na-Ringer,
      the activation by external K was sigmoidal and the affinity for external K was
      independent of the internal Na concentration. 4. K influx was measured at two
      submaximal levels of external K with a range of internal Na. The affinity for
      internal Na fell as external K was raised. 5. The results suggest that in the
      absence of competition between Na and K on the same side of the membrane, there
      is a connexion between the ion-binding sites of the Na pump.

PMID- 978532
TI  - The effect of acute and chronic hypoxia on thoracic gas volume in the rat
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978533
TI  - Joint sense, muscle sense, and their combination as position sense, measured at
      the distal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger.
AB  - 1. An anatomical peculiarity allows the hand to be positioned so that the
      terminal phalanx of the middle finger cannot be moved by voluntary effort. When
      positioned in this way only joint and cutaneous mechanisms subserve position
      sense. By altering the position of the hand the muscles are again engaged and
      able to move the finger. Moving the joint then also excites muscular afferents.
      2. The position sense of twelve subjects was assessed with and without engagement
      of the muscles at the joint. Three tests were used in which either angular
      displacement, angular velocity or duration of displacement were held constant. 3.
      When muscular attachment was restored, performance in all tests was greatly
      enhanced. As engagement of the muscles caused little change in the 'stiffness' of
      the joint, it is unlikely that the improved performance resulted from increased
      discharges from the joint receptors. Cutaneous mechanisms are unlikely to mediate
      this improvement as they are likely to have been unaffected by engagement of
      muscles. It is concluded that intramuscular receptors are partly responsible for
      normal position sense. 4. In seven of the twelve subjects the test finger was
      anaesthetized to isolate the contribution of intramuscular receptors. This muscle
      sense was variable. In some subjects it provided accurate kinaesthetic
      information but in others the information was crude. If with the test finger
      anaesthetized subjects exerted voluntary tension with the muscles that move the
      joint the muscle sense was improved.

PMID- 978534
TI  - Electrical stimulation of vagus nerves can be justified [proceedings]!

PMID- 978535
TI  - The effect of anaerobiosis on ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics during
      sinusoidal exercise [proceedings].

PMID- 978536
TI  - Lung inflation and alveolar permeability to non-electrolytes in the adult sheep
      in vivo.
AB  - 1. Experiments were performed on adult sheep to determine the effect of lung
      distension on the passive permeability of alveoli to water soluble non
      electrolytes. With the animal breathing oxygen spontaneously, a segment of one
      lung was isolated by passing a balloon-tipped catheter through a tracheostomy
      into a distal bronchus. This isolated atelectatic segment was filled with an
      isosomotic saline solution containing radio-labelled solutes of known molecular
      size: [125I]albumin, [14C]inulin, [14C]-sucrose, [3H]mannitol, and [14C]urea. The
      segment was inflated with oxygen either to a preselected pressure, or to a
      predetermined fraction of its capacity. Inflation was then maintained for several
      10-15 min periods between which the oxygen supply was disconnected and the saline
      sampled, allowing the tracer concentrations to be measured. 2. At low inflating
      pressures (20-32 cmH2O) and at low volumes (24-54% of capacity), alveolar
      permeability to water soluble solutes was slight and could be characterized in
      terms of a membrane penetrated by cylindrical water filled pores of 0-5-1-6 nm
      radius. In all experiments showing restricted diffusion, absorption of saline
      occurred. 3. There was a positive correlation between the degree of lung
      inflation and pore radius in both the pressure controlled and volume controlled
      experiments. At high inflating pressures and at inflation volumes which were
      close to the total capacity of the isolated segment, restriction of solute
      diffusion was lost; in five out of six such experiments there was a net movement
      of liquid into the alveoli. 4. These results can be explained by postulating that
      as the lung epithelium is progressively stretched there is an opening up of water
      filled channels between alveolar cells. At peak inflation, restriction of
      diffusion of water soluble solutes is lost, and the alveolar epithelium ceases to
      function as a barrier between the circulation and air spaces.

PMID- 978537
TI  - The reflex latency of inspiratory and expiratory responses to an alternate-breath
      oscillation of alveolar PCO2 in man [proceedings].

PMID- 978538
TI  - An attempt to measure cerebral blood-flow in the new-born infant [proceedings].

PMID- 978539
TI  - Effect of cardiac denervation on myocardial oxygen and substrate utilization
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978541
TI  - Hypothalamic inhibition of vagal component of the sinus nerve cardiac reflex
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978542
TI  - The topography of the visual evoked responses to half field stimulation
      [proceedings].

PMID- 978540
TI  - Inhibition and facilitation of antidromically identified tubero-infundibular
      neurones following stimulation of the median eminence in the rat.
AB  - 1. Stimulation of the median eminence of female rats inhibited the spontaneous
      firing of antidromically identified tubero-infundibular units. Some units could
      be inhibited by stimuli subthreshold for the antidromic spike. A conditioning
      stimulus of subthreshold intensity for the antidromic spike also delayed or
      abolished the invasion of the soma and dendrites of the same unit by antidromic
      action potentials evoked by a suprathreshold stimulus given 2-10 msec later. 2.
      Although strychnine (0-2 mg/kg, i.v.) did not significantly alter the inhibition
      evoked by stimulation of the median eminence, it was abolished by picrotoxin (2-6
      mg/kg, iv.). 3. In seven of the fifty-seven identified units examined stimulation
      of the median eminence facilitated the spontaneous firing. However, after an i.v.
      injection of picrotoxin the facilitory response was observed in thirty-seven of
      the forty-six units tested. Post-stimulus time histograms obtained from the same
      unit before and after an injection of picrotoxin demonstrated that the latency
      and duration of the facilitation did not always coincide with that of the
      inhibition. 4. After an injection of picrotoxin the field potential evoked by
      antidromic stimulation of the median eminence consisted of a small positive wave
      followed by a negative wave. Frequently the negative wave of the field potential
      was accompanied by a convulsive discharge. The latency of the negative wave
      appears to be identical to that of the facilitation seen in nearby single units.
      5. The facilitation evoked by antidromic stimulation in the presence of
      picrotoxin was blocked by an i.v. injection of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (250 or
      375 mg/kg). None of the nine units sampled from rats pre-treated with alpha
      methyl-p-tyrosine injected twice I.P. (250 mg/kg for each) were facilitated by
      stimulation of the median eminence following I.V. picrotoxin, while eight of the
      eleven units sampled from control rats pre-treated with L-tyrosine could be
      facilitated by antidromic stimulation. 6. These results suggest that tuber
      infundibular neurosecretory neurones are inhibited and facilitated by neural
      pathways which could involve the axon collaterals of the neruosecretory neurones
      which project to the external layer of the median eminence. It is also suggested
      that GABA-releasing neurones mediate the inhibition and catecholaminergic
      neurones are involved in the facilitory pathways. Presumably the facilitation is
      normally masked by the activity of the GABA-releasing neurones.

PMID- 978543
TI  - The interaction between cutaneous and spinal therman inputs in the control of
      oxygen consumption in the rat.
AB  - 1. The effect of thermal stimulation of the spinal cord on the rate of oxygen
      consumption was studied in five unanaesthetized rats during exposure to various
      ambient temperatures. 2. In a warm environment, cooling the spinal cord had no
      effect on the rate of oxygen consumption but in thermoneutral and cold
      environments the rate of oxygen consumption increased proportionally to the
      intensity of spinal cooling. Heating the spinal cord decreased the level of
      oxygen consumption and, if intense enough, suppressed the thermoregulatory
      increase in metabolic rate. 3. It is concluded that, in the control of oxygen
      consumption in the rat, the afferent signals from thermal sensors in the spinal
      cord and skin are added.

PMID- 978544
TI  - Polar responsiveness of complex cells in cat striate cortex to motion of bars and
      of textured patterns [proceedings].

PMID- 978545
TI  - Possible presynaptic inhibition in rat olfactory cortex.
AB  - 1. Field potentials were evoked from rat olfactory cortex slices in vitro at room
      temperature by lateral olfactory tract stimulation. At very slow stimulation
      rates (less than 0-1 Hz) a delayed negative wave (late N-wave) was found to
      follow the first negative wave (N-wave). This late N-wave started 30 msec after
      the stimulus and lasted for 50-150 msec. 2. Low Ca2+/high Mg2+ medium abolished
      the late N-wave more rapidly than the N-wave, suggesting a possible multisynaptic
      origin. 3. The GABA antagonist bicuculline (10(-6) M) abolished the late N-wave
      without affecting the N-wave. 4. During the late N-wave, both the tract action
      potential and the N-wave to a second stimulus were reduced. This was attributed,
      at least in part, to collision with antidromic action potentials which could be
      detected during the late N-wave. 5. These findings are discussed in terms of a
      possible presynaptic depolarizing action of a GABA-like transmitter giving rise
      to presynaptic inhibition and the late N-wave.

PMID- 978546
TI  - Behavioural, neurophysiological and morphological evidence for a nasal visual
      field loss in cats reared with monocular convergent squint [proceedings].

PMID- 978547
TI  - Conduction velocity along the afferent vagal dendrites: a new type of fibre.
AB  - 1. We systematically calculated the conduction velocity along the peripheral
      extensions of sensory vagal neurones in cats (the dendrites). In addition, a
      study of excitability cycle and light microscopic investigation were also
      conducted on these neurones. 2. The conduction velocity of the three known types
      of fibres (A, B and C) remains uniform along the dendrites. 3. Another mixed type
      of fibres exists with a C conduction velocity (mean value 1-5 m/sec) along its
      distal pathway and a B conduction velocity (mean value 6 m/sec) along its
      proximal pathway. The change in conduction velocity progressively occurs in the
      thoraco-cervical portion of the vagus nerve at least 20 mm from the receptor and
      at least 40 mm from the T cell. 4. The mixed fibres exhibited a C type
      excitability cycle in their peripheral pathway and a B type excitability cycle in
      their central pathway. 5. The histological study using the teasing method
      demonstrated the existence of unmyelinated fibres, in the thoraco-cervical region
      of the vagus nerve, becoming progressively myelinated from the periphery to the
      nodose ganglion. These fibres are likely to be the ones showing mixed
      electrophysiological properties. They represent (approximately) 10% of the vagal
      nerve population. 6. We propose to call the mixed fibres BC because they present
      electrophysiological and morphological properties of C fibres in their distal
      part and properties of B fibres in their proximal part.

PMID- 978548
TI  - The detectability of apparent source movement effected by interaural phase
      modulation [proceedings].

PMID- 978549
TI  - Afferent input, distribution and collateralization of tectospinal and
      tectoreticular cells [proceedings].

PMID- 978550
TI  - Reflex responses in human pretibial muscles [proceedings].

PMID- 978551
TI  - How does interstitial fluid enter lymphatics in the mesentery [proceedings]?

PMID- 978552
TI  - Capillary pressures in the fingers and toes [proceedings].

PMID- 978553
TI  - Cyclic renal sodium excretion in women: evidence for a further control system
      mediating renal sodium loss [proceedings].

PMID- 978554
TI  - The use of electrodes containing liquid ion-sensitive resin to measure the
      intracellular chloride activity of skeletal muscle [proceedings].

PMID- 978555
TI  - Prostaglandin A2 infusion restores the water-retaining effect of antidiuretic
      hormone in lithium-treated rats [proceedings].

PMID- 978556
TI  - Some amino acids as myometrial spasmogens [proceedings].

PMID- 978557
TI  - Objective measures of female sexual arousal [proceedings].

PMID- 978558
TI  - Characteristics of responses of units in the cat cerebellar vermis to static
      visual stimuli [proceedings].

PMID- 978559
TI  - Absence of the first component of the long-latency human stretch reflex in a
      thumb muscle when it is used as an antagonist [proceedings].

PMID- 978560
TI  - Experimental observations on the sharpness of classification of fusimotor fibres
      into static and dynamic types [proceedings].

PMID- 978561
TI  - Changes in the probability of firing of human motor units following cutaneous
      stimulation [proceedings].

PMID- 978562
TI  - Measurement of respiratory exchange and duration of slow-wave sleep in
      unanaesthetized rats breathing gas mixtures [proceedings].

PMID- 978563
TI  - Changes in parotid salivary flow during intracarotid infusion of potassium
      chloride into conscious sheep [proceedings].

PMID- 978564
TI  - Fat absorption with failure of post-prandial chylomicronaemia in biliary
      diversion in man [proceedings].

PMID- 978565
TI  - A note on the maintenance of the blood glucose during fasting [proceedings].

PMID- 978566
TI  - Prenatal measurement of human foetal heart rate variation [proceedings].

PMID- 978567
TI  - Increment sensitivity in humans with abnormal visual experience.
AB  - 1. Visual acuity is lower for gratings oriented diagonally than for those of
      horizontal and vertical orientations. In addition to this oblique effect, some
      subjects show substantial deficits in acuity for horizontal or vertical targets
      (meridional amblyopia). These subjects are invariably astigmatic, but the
      condition has a neuronal basis and is thought to arise from faulty post-natal
      neural development. 2. Foveal increment sensitivites have been determined for
      normal subjects and meridional amblyopes using bar-shaped targets of various
      lengths, widths and orientations.3. Normal subjects do not exhibit differences in
      sensitivity as a function of orientation. No oblique effect is found for 1-5'
      wide bars ranging in length from 10 to 60'. On the other hand, meridional
      amblyopes have substantial differences in increment sensitivity which depend on
      test target orientation. Invariably, when there is a deficit in acuity for a
      particular grating orientation, there is also a reduction in increment
      sensitivity for a bar of the same orientation. This effect is diminshed or
      eliminated when the background illuminance is lowered from 70 to 7td. 4. The
      orientational differences in increment sensitivity found in meridional amblyopes
      do not increases for bars longer than about 10'. As the bar is shortened, the
      differences are reduced, and they are absent when the test bar is 6' or less. 5.
      In normal subjects, for a 1 degree long bar, increment sensitivity increases with
      width up to about 4' where the width-sensitivity curve levels off. No orientation
      differences are exhibited. Prominent orientation differences are found with
      meridional amblyopes when the bar target width is altered. The normal meridian is
      similar to those of the control subjects but the deficity meridian has very low
      sensitivity and summation is present for widths up to about 11'.

PMID- 978568
TI  - Identification of pathways mediating cardiovascular responses elicited by
      stimulation of the septum in the rat.
AB  - 1. Experiments were done in rats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone to
      localize pathways mediating the cardiovascular responses elicited by electrical
      stimulation of the septum. The major efferent projections from the septum were
      first identified anatomically by the Fink-Heimer II technique and these pathways
      were subsequently lesioned in acute experiments to establish their role in the
      mediation of the cardiovascular responses elicited by septal stimulation. 2.
      Electrical stimulation of histologically localized sites in the lateral septum
      elicited hypotension and bradycardia whereas stimulation of sites in the medial
      septum elicited hypertension and bradycardia. 3. Selective lesions of
      cardiovascular responsive sites in either the lateral or medial septum produced a
      pattern of degeneration essentially similar to that of previous anatomical
      studies, i.e. the main efferent projections were localized to the fornix, stria
      medullaris and the medial forebrain bundle. 4. Stimulation of the fornix did not
      elicit cardiovascular changes and lesions of this pathway did not alter
      cardiovascular responses to septal stimulation. 5. Stimulation of the stria
      medullaris elicited hypotension and bradycardia whereas stimulation of the medial
      forebrain bundle elicited hypertension and bradycardia. Ipsilateral lesions of
      the stria medullaris, signicicantly attenuated the hypotension and bradycardia
      elicited by stimulation of the lateral septum but did not affect the responses to
      stimulation of the medial septum. Bilateral lesions of the medial forebrain
      bundle in the region of the lateral hypothalamus abolished the hypertension but
      did not affect the bradycardia elicited by medial septum stimulation.
      Cardiovascular, reponses elicited by stimulation of the lateral septum were not
      affected by medial forebrain bundle lesions. 6. It is suggested that the
      cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the lateral septum are
      mediated via the stria medullaris and that the hypertension elicited by
      stimulation of the medial septum is mediated via the medial forebrain bundle. On
      the other hand, the bradycardia elicited by stimulation of the medial septum is
      probably mediated by a pathway presently unknown.

PMID- 978569
TI  - Lithium protection against oxygen toxicity in rats: ammonia and amino acid
      metabolism.
AB  - 1. The use of Li pre-treatment in rats before high pressure oxygen exposure has
      been reported effective in controlling convulsions. This is an effect which is
      better demonstrated if exposure to oxygen follows shortly after Li injection than
      exposure following several hours later. 2. This study has investigated the
      hypothesis that the protective action of Li may be exerted, in the short term, by
      its removing ammonia from the blood and alleviating the latter's known toxic
      action. 3. A normal Li distribution time profile in unstressed rat brain and
      blood following intraperitoneal injection has been established. Brain and blood
      ammonia, amino acids and Li concentrations were also measured in Li-treated
      animals exposed and convulsed by oxygen. These measurements were made both
      shortly (15 min) and also several hours after (24 hr) Li treatment. Ammonia and
      amino acid values in Li-protected groups were compared to normal unstressed
      animal values and also to values in animals convulsed by oxygen unprotected by Li
      pre-treatment. 4. In rat brain abd blood significant (P less than 0-001)
      elevation of ammonia and glutamine and depression of gamma-amino butyric acid
      (brain only) and glutamate was noted following oxygen treatment in unprotected
      animals. Prior injection of Li 15 min before high pressure oxygen exposure
      delayed convulsions twice as long. Additionally if these animals were only
      exposed to oxygen for a period of time equal to that which would normally produce
      convulsions in unprotected animals, brain and blood ammonia and amino acids were
      maintained near to unstressed animal levels. Concomitantly, blood Li
      concentrations were considerably depressed below the values one would expect from
      the previously determined Li distribution time profile. 5. In rats exposed to
      high pressure oxygen 24 hr after Li treatment there was no protective action
      against high pressure oxygen convulsion, rather a potentiating effect for
      convulsion was seen. 6. These data present compelling evidence for the
      controlling effect of Li in rats, on rising blood ammonia concentration which
      occurs in high pressure oxygen exposure. The effect might well be due to the
      known chelating properties of Li with ammonia.

PMID- 978570
TI  - Sulphate excretion by dogs following ingestion of ammonium sulphate or meat.
AB  - 1. When normal conscious dogs were given small doses of (NH4)2SO4 by stomach
      tube, the rate of excretion of SO4 increased due to increase in plasma SO4
      without change in creatinine clearance. After eating meat, increased SO4
      excretion was due to increase in glomerular filtration rate without change in
      plasma SO4. 2. The calculated rate of tubular reabsorption of SO4 did not change
      significantly either after (NH4)2SO4 or after meat. 3. The rate of production of
      SO4 after meat was estimated. In 4 hr approximately one fifth of the S in meat
      was converted to inorganic SO4; in the same time approximately one third of the N
      in the meat was converted into urea. 4. Half of the SO4 in the doses of (NH4)2SO4
      was absorbed from the gut; all of the NH was converted into urea. (NH4)2SO4 thus
      produced acidosis. 5. After (NH4)2SO4, increased excretion of NH4+ accompanied
      the increased excretion of SO4-but Na+, K+ in urine also increased.

PMID- 978571
TI  - Progressive enhancement in the secretory functions of the digestive system of the
      rat in the course of cold acclimation.
AB  - 1. The secretory function of the exocrine pancreas and the stomach have been 
      studied in the course of cold acclimation of rats that had been fed at an ambient
      temperature of 1 degree C in a climatic room. 2. The secretory responses of
      pancreatic enzymes evoked by continuous infusion of pancreozymin (PZ, 2-5 mu./kg.
      hr) and a rapid single injection of PZ (1.7 mu./kg) reached a maximum in the
      group of rats fed at 1 degree C for 4  weeks, and fell to the control levels
      after 8 weeks. The increase in the flow of pancreatic juice evoked by single
      injection of PZ was maximal at 4 weeks and slightly decreased after 8 weeks. 3.
      The insulin (3-0 i.u./kg) evoked secretion of pancreatic enzymes gradually
      increased after cold exposure, reached a maximum at 4 weeks and fell to the
      control levels after 8 weeks. The flow of pancreatic juice after insulin
      injection was almost the same in every group throughout the course of cold
      exposure. 4. The ratio of amylase to the total amount of the protein in the
      pancreatic juice decreased abruptly, in contrast to an increase in the ratio of
      protease in the process of cold acclimation. The change in the ratio of enzyme
      activity in the pancreatic juice may reflect parallel changes in enzyme activity
      in the exocrine pancreas. 5. The gastric secretion in response to insulin and
      bile secretion in the group fed at 1 degree C for 7 weeks was significantly
      higher than that in the control group. 6. It was thus concluded that the
      secretory activities of digestive system were enhanced by prolonged cold exposure
      and then returned to control level, and that the activites of the pancreatic
      enzymes were altered in the process of cold acclimation in rats.

PMID- 978572
TI  - Sodium-dependent influx of orthophosphate in mammalian non-myelinated nerve.
AB  - 1. The rate of uptake of radiophosphate was measured in desheathed vagus nerves
      of rabbits mounted in an apparatus where the incubating solution flowed along the
      preparation. 2. Replacement of the Na of the Locke by either choline or Tris
      slowed the rate of uptake to about 10% of its value in Na; with K it was slowed
      to 20%; and with Li to 50%. 3. Measurements of the rate of uptake at different
      extracellular phosphate concentrations showed that in choline-Locke the influx of
      phosphate was proportional to the extracellular phosphate concentration, while in
      Locke the rate of inward flow showed a tendency to saturation with increasing
      phosphate concentrations. 4. Extracts of nerves after 45 min exposure to labelled
      solutions showed for different phosphate concentrations a slowing of the
      labelling of ATP, ADP and creatine-phosphate (CrP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi)
      when Locke was replaced by choline-Locke. 5. A similar slowing was found when, at
      0-2 mM phosphate, the labelling of these compounds was measured at different
      times: application of choline-Locke reduced the rate of incorporation of 32P to
      about 15% of the rate in Locke. 6. In preparations that were loaded with
      radiophosphate and then washed with inactive solution, and the effluent
      fractionated, over 90% of the radioactivity was found in the inorganic phosphate
      fraction. 7. The efflux of 32P showed an initial exponential phase with a time
      constant of 20-30 min and a much slower one. The slow efflux had a rate constant
      of 0-0014 min-1 in 0-2 mM external phosphate. 8. Increasing the external
      phosphate concentration increased the efflux. 9. Prolonged incubation in choline
      Locke reduced the efflux. 10. The influx of phosphate was calculated for
      different external phosphate concentrations using the rate of uptake of
      radiophosphate measured 45 min after the application of isotope and the
      corresponding efflux rate coefficient and the intracellular specific activities
      of the labelled compounds. 11. A correction was also introduced for diffusion,
      using the "limited biophase model". 12. The Na-sensitive influx, i.e. the
      difference between influx in Locke and influx in choline-Locke, showed saturation
      kinetics. 13. A Lineweaver-Burk plot for Na-sensitive uncorrected influxes gave a
      vmax of 16-7 mumole/kg wet wt. min and an apparent Km of 0-42 mM; for the
      corrected fluxes these values were 18-2 and 0-36. 14. It is concluded that a
      large part of phosphate influx and some of the phosphate efflux is mediated by a
      specific Na-dependent phosphate transport system. 15. This system seems to be
      present also in other types of nervous tissues and probably in many types of
      animal cells.

PMID- 978573
TI  - The morphology of spinocervical tract neurones in the cat.
AB  - 1. The morphology of physiologically identified spinocervical tract (SCT)
      neurones was studied using the intracellular injection of Procion dyes in
      anesthetized and decerebrate cats. 2. Extracellular recordings were made from SCT
      neurones at depths between 1000 and 2850 mum from the cord surface but neurones
      were only stained at depths between 1100 and 2400 mum. 3. The dendritic trees of
      stained SCT neurones were reconstructed in the transverse plane of the spinal
      cord. All SCT neurones had well developed dorsal dendrites but despite this it is
      not possible to consider the twenty-two SCT cells in out sample as consituting a
      morphologically homogenous population. 4. There was no correlation  between the
      form of the dendritic trees and the depth of SCT neurones in the dorsal horn as
      determined both from measurements from the dorsal grey-white border and the
      position of cells with respect to the border between Rexed's laminae II and III.
      5. Six types of SCT neurones were identified on the basis of the form of their
      dendritic trees as viewed in the transverse plane: (1) radially symmetrical, (2)
      semicircular, (3) large elliptical, (4) bilobed, (5) triangular, (6) small
      elliptical. Each of these types was found only in a certain region across the
      dorsal horn although any one region could contain more than one type. 6.
      Spinocervical tract neurones with small elliptical dendritic trees always had
      receptive fields encompassing part of the hip or thigh and were unique in being
      located in the lateral portions of the horn. 7. There was no correlation between
      the morphology of SCT neurones and their excitatory cutaneous inputs, receptive
      field size, axonal conduction velocity or depth in the dorsal horn.

PMID- 978574
TI  - The secretion of citrate into milk.
AB  - 1. The time course of changes in specific activities of citrate, lactose and
      fatty acids in milk during frequent milking, following the I.V. administration of
      labelled glucose, acetate and chylomicrons in goats has been studied. Peak
      specific activities of lactose and citrate in milk were reached at 2-3 hr, while
      peak specific activites of fatty acids were reached at 5-7 hr. 2. Following short
      I.A. infusions of 24Na, 36Cl, and 42K, peak specific activities in milk were
      reached in 1 hr or less. 3. The mammary epithelium of lactating goats was found
      to be virtually impermeable to labelled citrate in both directions. 4. Labelled
      citrate had an apparent volume of distribution in lactating guinea-pigs mammary
      slices in vitro similar to that of extracellular space markers. 5. Treatment of
      goats with large doses of oxytocin markedly increased the permeability of the
      secretory epithelium to labelled citrate. 6. In the goat mammary gland, citrate,
      protein and calcium failed to enter milk which had been diluted with isosmotic
      lactose by intraductal injection, whereas Na, K and Cl did enter, thus tending to
      restore the concentrations of these ions to normal. 7. It is suggested that
      citrate, which is formed within the sucretory cell, enters milk not by passage
      across the apical cell membrane but, in common with lactose and milk protein, by
      exocytosis of Golgi vesicles. It appears that citrate is held at high
      concentrations in milk by virtue of the impermeability of the mammary epithelium
      to the forms in which it occurs in milk.

PMID- 978575
TI  - Release of noradrenaline from the cat spleen by nerve stimulation and potassium.
AB  - 1. Release of noradrenaline from the perfused cat spleen, or from isolated spleen
      slices, in response to prolonged nerve stimulation or maintained depolarization
      by potassium was measured. 2. Prolonged stimulation of the splenic nerves at 2,
      10 and 30 Hz for 10 min evoked release, which was maximum during the first 2 min,
      and then declined during the remaining period of stimulation. When noradrenaline
      release was induced by high potassium from the perfused spleen or from isolated
      slices, it followed a similar time course to nerve stimulation. Similar results
      were obtained from phenoxybenzamine-treated spleens, using both modes of
      stimulation. 3. Stimulation of the splenic nerves in calcium-free Krebs solution
      did not release noradrenaline. If calcium was introduced at a later stage during
      stimulation, the release was markedly diminished. In phenoxybenzamine- or
      phentolamine-treated spleens, stimulation of the nerves in the presence of
      calcium evoked a secretory response which was comparable to the one produced by
      introduction of calcium after a few minutes of nerve stimulation. 4. Simultaneous
      application of calcium plus high potassium always produced a much greater
      secretion of noradrenaline than application of calcium after a few minutes of
      potassium depolarization. Release of noradrenaline by potassium from
      phenoxybenzamine-treated spleens was also much greater if calcium and potassium
      were added simultaneously than addition of calcium after a few minutes of
      potassium depolarization. 5. In the presence of maintained depolarization by
      potasssium, tyramine was effective in causing release of noradrenaline.

PMID- 978576
TI  - The secretory characteristics of dehydrocholate in the dog: comparison with the
      natural bile salts.
AB  - 1. During dehydrocholate administration in the taurine replete dog, the maximum
      excretory rate of total bile salt (almost entirely dehydrocholate derivative,
      mostly conjugated) was 3-84 +/- 0-53 (S.D.) mumole/min. kg body wt. (eleven
      experiments). This was much less than the excretory maximum previously obtained
      for taurocholate (8-64 +/- 1-31 (S.D.) mumole/min. kg total cholate, mostly
      conjugated). 2. The superimposition of taurocholate infusion did not cause any
      significant change in the 'dehydrocholate' maximum but taurocholate itself was
      excreted into bile at no more than about half its normal maximum. When
      taurocholate maximum excretion was established first, it was reduced by
      dehydrocholate administration. In both types of experiment the joint bile salt
      excretory maximum was of the same order as that of taurocholate alone, provided
      taurocholate made up at least 40-50% of the total bile salt. 3. When taurocholate
      administration was stopped, the maximum excretory rate of 'dehydrocholate' rose
      to values up to 63% above the initially determined excretory maximum; the
      enhanced 'dehydrocholate' excretory maximum, when calculated for optimal
      conditions, approached that of actively conjugated vholate, even though the
      effective 'dehydrocholate' concentration in bile was ten to twenty times the
      critical micellar concentration of taurocholate. This suggests that the effective
      bile salt concentration in bile is not an important determinant of the secretory
      performance of a bile salt. 4. To explain findings (2) and (3) it is necessary to
      postulate that taurocholate has both a facilitatory and an inhibitory action on
      'dehydrocholate' excretion. The facilitatory action, which persists after
      taurocholate has left the animal, may consist either of an increase in the
      maximum rate at which modification of dehydrocholate takes place within the liver
      cell, or an increase in the number of functioning 'carriers' for 'dehydrocholate'
      transfer. The data suggest that the inhibitory effect is due to the competitive
      interaction that also appears to exist between the two bile salts. 5. The
      increase in bile flow rate per unit increase in 'dehydrocholate' excretion (15
      ml./m-mole) was about twice that obtained for taurocholate. There was no
      significant formation of micellar aggregates during 'dehydrocholate' excretion,
      as judged from the total electrolyte concentration of bile and its osmalality. 6.
      During the excretion of 'dehydrocholate'-taurocholate mixtures (approximately
      1:1) at submaximal rates the associated bile flow rate was not less than the sum
      of the separate components, thus suggesting that 'dehydrocholate' was not being
      incorporated in taurocholate mixed micelles.

PMID- 978577
TI  - The direct effect on pulmonary stretch receptor discharge produced by changing
      lung carbon dioxide concentration in dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass and its
      action on breathing.
AB  - 1. Single fibre pulmonary stretch receptor discharge was recorded in dogs on
      cardiopulmonary bypass. 2. Inhalation of CO2 depressed pulmonary stretch receptor
      discharge despite the absence of changes in arterial PCO2. This effect was
      particularly marked with airway CO2 levels below 5%. 3. Changing arterial PCO2,
      without changing airway CO2, had only small and insignificant effects on
      pulmonary stretch receptor discharge. 4. The effect of changes in airway CO2 on
      pulmonary stretch receptor discharge was rapid and correlated well in time with
      the reflex tachypnoea produced when CO2 was inhaled in conditions of
      cardiopulmonary bypass. 5. Stimulation of the central end of the cut vagus nerve
      was triggered from simultaneously recorded action potentials from a single
      pulmonary stretch receptor. 6. In these conditions, the reflex response to CO2
      could be simulated provided that the pulmonary stretch receptor had an end
      expiratory discharge. 7. It is suggested that the vagally mediated tachypnoeic
      response to changes in airway CO2 seen in conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass is
      due to the effect of CO2 on the end-expiratory discharge of pulmonary stretch
      receptors.

PMID- 978578
TI  - Respiratory and thermoregulatory responses of rabbits breathing carbon dioxide
      during heat exposure.
AB  - 1. Rabbits were clipped and exposed in turn to three environmental conditions:
      control (C), cold exposure (CE) and water deprivation (WD). Following each type
      of treatment, the rabbits were exposed to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 35
      degrees C for 1 hr. Throughout this period they breathed either normal
      atmospheric air or 6% CO2 in air. 2. During heat exposure, measurements were made
      of the respiratory responses and of the O2 consumption (Vo2) of the rabbits.
      Rectal temperature (Tre) was measured immediately before and again immediately
      after heat exposure. 3. When subjected to cold exposure or water deprivation the
      rabbits showed an initial decrease in respiratory frequency (RF) and an initial
      increase in VT when compared with controls. There was no difference in VE.
      Rabbits breathing 6% CO2 showed an increase in VT and VE and a decrease in RF
      when compared with rabbits breathing atmospheric air. In all cases a change in VT
      or RF was associated with a reciprocal change in the other parameter. 4. The
      respiratory responses to breathing 6% CO2 were essentially similar in treated and
      control rabbits, from which it is concluded that neither cold exposure nor water
      deprivation alter the sensitivity of the medullary respiratory centre to the
      respiratory drive from the central chemosensors. 5. The increase in Tre during
      heat exposure was significantly less in rabbits breathing 6% CO2 than in rabbits
      breathing atmospheric air. However, there was no significant over-all difference
      in VO2 between rabbits breathing CO2 and those breathing air. From this it is
      concluded that increased ventilation induced by CO2 causes a greater dissipation
      of heat than does thermally-induced panting. 6. It is concluded that VT is
      controlled by the level of blood PCO2 whereas RF is controlled by
      thermoregulatory requirements. It is further concluded that the reciprocal
      relationship between VT and RF is regulated in such a way as to maintain VE at
      the appropriate level for effecting gaseous exchange and evaporative heat loss.

PMID- 978579
TI  - Polyneuronal innervation of skeletal muscle in new-born rats and its elimination
      during maturation.
AB  - 1. The events taking place during the elimination of polyneuronal innervation in
      the soleus muscle of new-born rats have been studied using a combination of
      electrophysiological and anatomical techniques. 2. Each immature muscle fibre is
      supplied by two or more motor axons which converge on to a single end-plate.
      There was no sign of electrical coupling between muscle fibres receiving multiple
      synaptic inputs. By the end of the second week after birth virtually all muscle
      fibres are innervated by only a single motor axon. 3. The average tension
      produced by individual motor units, measured in terms of the percentage of the
      total muscle twitch tension, declined dramatically during the first 2 weeks after
      birth. During this period there was no significant change in the number of motor
      neurones innervating the soleus muscle. Thus, the disappearance of polyneuronal
      innervation reflects a decrease in the number of peripheral synapses made by each
      motor neurone. 4. The decline in motor unit size was delayed, but not ultimately
      prevented, by the early surgical removal of all but a few motor axons to the
      soleus muscle. This procedure also caused a delay in the removal of polyneuronal
      innervation involving the remaining motor units. 5. Following a crush of the
      soleus nerve in neonatal animals, regenerating axons usually returned to the
      original end-plates. Polyneuronal innervation was extensive at early stages of re
      innervation and it disappeared during the second week after birth just as in
      normal muscles. 6. Cross-innervation of neonatal muscles by an implanted foreign
      nerve caused a rapid disappearance of cholinesterase at denervated original end
      plates and in most fibres prevented re-innervation by the original nerve. In the
      small proportion of fibres that did become innervated through both the foreign
      and original nerves the end-plates were more than 1 mm apart, and both foreign
      and original nerve end-plates could persist indefinitely. 7. Many cross
      innervated fibres received multiple inputs through the foreign nerve. Some
      foreign end-plates were separated by distances ranging up to 1 mm. Polyneuronal
      innervation through the foreign nerve was completely eliminated during maturation
      but over a slightly longer period than in normal muscles. Apparently the
      elimination process can act over a distance up to but not much more than 1 mm. 8.
      These observations suggest that there are several factors influencing the
      elimination of redundant inputs in immature muscles. Individual motor neurones
      appear to have an inherent tendency to withdraw the majority of their original
      complement of peripheral terminals. The determination of which particular
      synapses are to survive, however, seems to be made in the periphery by a
      selection among all the synapses that innervate a limited region of each muscle
      fibre. There may be a competitive interaction among synapses in which those
      belonging to smaller motor units are less likely to be eliminated, thereby
      leading to a relatively uniform size of the motor units in the soleus.

PMID- 978580
TI  - The conditions required for the maintenance of binocularity in the kitten's
      visual cortex.
AB  - 1. In young kittens, cortical neurones, which are usually binocularly driven,
      have their binocularity reduced if one eye is covered, or if the eyes are made
      strabismic or alternately occluded. Some of the factors causing these changes
      were analysed. 2. If the contrast of one retinal image is abolished with no
      difference in mean illumination, the input from that eye is virtually lost. 3. If
      one eye merely has its mean retinal illumination attenuated, that eye does not
      specifically lose its influence in the cortex, although there is a reduction in
      the proportion of binocular units. This change might partly be due to a
      difference in the timing of signals from the two eyes but is more likely to be
      caused by a difference in the strength of the discharges. 4. There is little
      change in binocularity if one image is dimmed but contrast is absent from both.
      5. If contours of very different orientation fall simultaneously on corresponding
      retinal regions, binocularity breaks down, as in the case of strabismus or when
      different patterns are presented to the two eyes. But as long as the patterns on
      corresponding retinal points have similar orientation, even if the visual axes
      are misaligned, binocularity can be maintained. 6. If the eyes are not stimulated
      simultaneously, binocularity is reduced, even if the contours falling on the two
      retinae (at different times) are identical. 7. Roughly simultaneous stimulation,
      with roughly congruent patterns on the two receptive fields, are needed for the
      upkeep of binocular connexions on to cortical cells.

PMID- 978581
TI  - The possible mechanism for the 'fade' in acid gastric secretion during continuous
      infusions of pentagastrin.
AB  - 1. The 'fade' phenomenon seen in acid gastric secretion in response to a
      continuous intravenous infusion of pentagastrin has been studied in anaesthetized
      cats. Whereas acid secretion to a continuous infusion of histamine steadily
      increased for 3 hr, that to pentagastrin infusion rose steeply to a maximum at 45
      min and then decreased gradually to reach about 60% of maximum after 2 hr. 2. Pre
      treatment of the cats with the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) blocking drugs,
      methysergide and cyproheptadine or with the 5-hydroxytryptamine-depleting drug
      reserpine completely altered the pattern of secretion to pentagastrin such that
      the response was similar to that seen during an infusion of histamine. These
      drugs did not affect secretion stimulated by histamine. 3. It is suggested from
      these results that pentagastrin releases 5-hydroxytryptamine which at first
      potentiates and then inhibits the resulting stimulated secretion.

PMID- 978582
TI  - Competitive and non-competitive re-innervation of mammalian sympathetic neurones
      by native and foreign fibres.
AB  - The ability of native (sympathetic preganglionic) and foreign (vagal) nerve
      fibres to re-innervate neurones of the guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion,
      either alone or in competition with each other, has been studied by means of
      intracellular recording and electron microscopy. 1. Native fibres make synaptic
      contacts with nearly all ganglion cells within one month of cervical trunk
      section; within 6 months the degree of innervation, judged by measurement of
      excitatory post-synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) amplitude and electron
      microscopical synapse counts, approaches normal. However, even after 15 months
      innervation was weaker than in normal control ganglia. 2. Vagal fibres are less
      successful during re-innervation. Although a similar number of foreign fibres
      grown into denervated ganglia and make contact with nearly all ganglion cells
      within a month, after 6-12 months e.p.s.p. amplitudes in response to foreign
      nerve stimulation remain relatively small, and counts of synapses are only about
      60% as great as in ganglia re-innervated with the native nerve. 3. When both
      native and foreign fibres are allowed to re-innervate ganglion cells
      simultaneously, about half the neurones in the ganglion receive synapses from
      both sources after 1 month. The proportion of dually invervated cells remains
      roughly constant for at least 14 months. Neither set of preganglionic fibres
      dominates or displaces the other, although neurones generally are re-innervated
      more effectively by native than foreign fibres, as is true during non-competitive
      re-innervation. 4. Thus during re-innervation of mammalian sympathetic neurones
      native fibres are preferred to foreign ones only in the sense that roughly the
      same number of native fibres form many more synapses on ganglion cells than do
      vagal axons. A foreign synapse, once formed, is as stable as a native one, and
      shows no tendency to be replaced by native terminals. These findings are
      discussed in relation to other evidence which has suggested specificity and
      selectivity during re-innervation of mammalian autonomic neurones.

PMID- 978583
TI  - A new method for labelling saxitoxin and its binding to non-myelinated fibres of
      the rabbit vagus, lobster walking leg, and garfish olfactory nerves.
AB  - 1. A new method of labelling saxitoxin (STX) is described, based on transfer of
      tritium from tritiated water to the toxin. 2. The radiochemical purity of the
      labelled toxin has been directly determined, rather than being based on indirect
      biochemical means, as in previous experiments with Wilzbach-labelled STX and TTX.
      3. The specific activity of the labelled toxin, 66 d..m.f-mole-1, corresponds
      with one tritium atom per molecule STX, an improvement of about 300-fold over
      other means of labelling TTX and STX. 4. The binding of this toxin to rabbit,
      lobster and garfish olfactory nerve fibres has been re-examined. 5. The density
      of sodium channels calculated on the basis of the binding of the toxin is about
      four to six-times the values previously reported.

PMID- 978584
TI  - Non-random distribution of cell types in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic
      areas.
AB  - 1. Single units were recorded extracellularly from the preoptic and anterior
      hypothalamic areas of male and female rats anaesthetized with urethane. 2. The
      effect of single shock stimulation of both the mediobasal hypothalamus and
      corticomedial amygdala upon unit activity was assessed for all cells. Neurones
      were designated either antidromically invaded, orthodromically excited or
      inhibited, or non-responsive. 3. The distribution of responses among recorded
      cells was analysed for two groups of neurones. In one group the intercell
      distance was less than 100 mum and in the second group the distance was more than
      1 mm. 4. For widely separated cells the connexions with the corticomedial
      amygdala and mediobasal hypothalamus were distributed at random. 5. In the groups
      of cells clustered closely together a marked structuring of connexions was
      apparant. In particular, there was a significant correlation between orthodromic
      responses from the amygdala (P less than 0-05) and cells antidromically activated
      and orthodromically excited by stimulation of the mediobasal hypothalamus were
      frequently adjacent to one another (P less than 0-02. 6. A complimentary analysis
      demonstrated that cells in the ventral half of the recording zone received
      significantly more inhibitory inputs from both the mediobasal hypothalamus (P
      less than 0-001) and the corticomedial amygdala (P less than 0-02) than those
      situated more dorsally. 7. The data provide evidence for structuring and
      orderliness in hypothalamic connexions that is often not apparent from
      descriptions of electrophysiological experiments.

PMID- 978585
TI  - The potentiating influences of insulin on pancreozymin-induced hyperpolarization
      and amylase release in the pancreatic acinar cell.
AB  - 1. Insulin (1 mu./ml.) potentiated the release of amylase from isolated pancreas
      of rats perfused with erythrocyte-containing medium and stimulated by 0-5 m-u.
      pancreozymin (Pz)/ml., whereas the same concentration of insulin failed to
      potentiate the response evoked by or 200 m-u. PZ/ml. 2. Intracellular measurement
      of membrane potentials from the acinar cells of the same preparations showed that
      insulin (1 mu./ml.) simultaneously potentiates the hyperpolarization and amylase
      release in response to 0-5 m-u. PZ/ml. 3. These effects of insulin on the PZ
      induced responses were inhibited by ouabain (3 X 10(-5) M). 4. The results
      suggest that insulin, in the concentration studied, has a potentiating action on
      the activity of an electrogenic Na pump, which maintains the hyperpolarization
      and amylase release during continuous stimulation with Pz. 5. Insulin in also
      potentiated the Pz-induced amylase release in the rat pancreata in situ after
      vagotomy and ligature of the pyloric region.

PMID- 978586
TI  - Sialotonin: vasopressor substance in saliva and submandibular gland of the cat.
AB  - 1. The large molecular pressor agent, sialotonin, present in cat saliva, has been
      separated from kallikrein and characterized further. 2. Sialotonin is present in
      saliva produced by parasympathetic (ch8da) but not in that produced by
      sympathetic nerve stimulation. After degenerative preganglionic parasympathetic
      nerve section, both sialotonin and kallikrein disappear completely, or nearly so.
      Sympathetic nerve section, however, fails to affect the concentration of these
      substances in chorda saliva. 3. The sialotonin activity is saliva is unaffected
      by ligation of Wharton's duct for 3--4 days whereas the kallikrein concentration
      is greatly reduced. 4. Although normally present in chorda saliva, sialotonin
      cannot be detected in aqueous extracts of the submandibular gland. It is present,
      however, in extracts of glands which have previously been subjected to prolonged
      sympathetic nerve stimulation or to ligation of the duct for 3-4 days. 5. The
      intravenous or close-aterial injection of sialotonin causes marked but brief
      reductions of blood flow in the submaxillary gland and intestine.

PMID- 978587
TI  - Calcium and the control of discrete wave latency in the ventral photoreceptor of
      Limulus.
AB  - 1. Discrete, transient depolarization (discrete waves) of the ventral
      photoreceptor of the horseshoe crab, Limulus, occur spontaneously in the dark
      adapted photoreceptor and are also evoked by light. They form the basic events
      which comprise the receptor potential. A brief, low energy flash of light evokes
      variable numbers of discrete waves which have variable latencies. Evidence
      suggesting that discrete wave latency reflects the kinetics of the chemical
      reactions of phototransduction is reviewed. 2. The concentration of extracellular
      Ca influences both the average discrete wave latency and its variability.
      Lowering extracellular Ca prolongs the latency and increases its variability.
      Increasing extracellular Ca has the opposite effect. 3. Changes in discrete wave
      latency caused by changes in extracellular Ca require 10--15 min to become fully
      manifest, whereas when the concentration of extracellular K is increased the
      photoreceptor achieves a steady-state depolarization in 10-15 sec. 4.
      Iontophoresis of the Ca-chelating agent EGTA into the photoreceptor increases
      both the average discrete wave latency and its variability. Iontophoresis of Ca
      EGTA mixtures may either increase or decrease discrete wave latency and its
      variability depending upon the proportion of Ca mixed with EGTA. 5. It is
      suggested that the concentration of intracellular rather than extracellular
      ionized Ca is the prime factor indicating discrete wave latency. The effects of
      changing extracellular Ca can be explained if the photoreceptor is permeable to
      Ca in the dark and if it maintains a low intracellular Ca concentration by virtue
      of active metabolic processes (a pump-leak system). 6. Lowering the temperature
      of the photoreceptor also has the dual effect of increasing discrete wave latency
      and its variability. However, effects of lowering temperature and Ca
      simultaneously are greater than the sum of the two effects in individually. This
      suggests that Ca may be a reactant in the chemical process of phototransduction.
      7. Changing the concentration of extracellular Ca does not change the quantum
      efficiency of discrete wave production. A previous study showed that quantum
      efficiency is not changed by temperature. Thus, once initiated by the absorption
      of light, the reactions that subserve phototransduction may be forced to
      completion. Ca probably exerts its influence by changing one or more rate
      constants in the reaction sequence.

PMID- 978588
TI  - The effects of irritation at various levels of the airway upon tracheal mucus
      secretion in the cat.
AB  - 1. Sulphated glycoprotein output from the trachea, isolated in situ, has been
      measured in anaesthetized cats by a radio-isotopic method. The effects of
      irritation of various parts of the airway on this mucus output were studied. 2.
      Mechanical stimulation of the nose and nasopharynx increased tracheal mucus
      output by reflexes which involved parasympathetic and probably also sympathetic
      motor pathways. 3. Laryngeal stimulation had a similar through the same motor
      pathways. 4. Inhalation of ammonia vapour into the lower airways reflexly
      increased mucus output from the isolated trachea. The efferent pathway for this
      reflex was mainly or entirely parasympathetic. It is argued that the afferent
      pathway involved cough receptors. 5. Lung inflation, inhalation of histamine
      aerosol and intravenous injection of phenyl diguanide (which excite mainly lung
      stretch receptors, lung 'irritant' receptors and alveolar 'J-receptors'
      respectively) had no consistent effect on tracheal mucus secretion. 6. The
      afferent and efferent pathways of these reflexes are discussed.

PMID- 978589
TI  - Asymmetric tonic labyrinth reflexes and their interaction with neck reflexes in
      the decerebrate cat.
AB  - 1. Tonic labyrinth and neck reflexes were studied separately and in combination
      in the decerebrate cat with C1 and C2 spinal roots cut. Reflex effects were
      observed as changes in length of the isotonically loaded medial head of triceps.
      2. The tonic labyrinth reflexes acted asymmetrically on the medial head of
      triceps. Side-down rotation of the head produced shortening in medial triceps,
      whereas side-up rotations of the head resulted in a lengthening. 3. The tonic
      neck reflexes acted asymmetrically on the medial head of triceps. Side-down
      rotations of the neck produced a lengthening of medial triceps, whereas side-up
      rotations of the neck resulted in shortening. 4. Labyrinth and neck reflexes
      produce opposite effects on the same limb extensor muscle so that, if the neck
      innervation is intact, head tilting produces no change in muscle length. 5. It is
      suggested that the interaction between the labyrinth and neck reflexes
      contributes to the stability of the trunk, allowing the head to move freely on
      the body without affecting this stability. Labyrinth and neck reflexes need
      therefore to be considered together as a single system.

PMID- 978590
TI  - Frequency of tendon organ discharges elicited by the contraction of motor units
      in cat leg muscles.
AB  - 1. The responses elicited in individual tendon organs by the contraction of
      single motor units were studied in peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis
      anterior and soleus muscles. 2. No simple relation was found between the
      discharge frequency of a tendon organ and the tension produced in the muscle
      tendon by the contraction of individual motor units. 3. The sensitivity of a
      given tendon organ to contractile tension was not the same for each of the motor
      units which elicited its discharge. There was no correlation between the
      sensitivity of the receptor and the strength of the motor units. 4. Upon
      repetitive stimulation of a tendon-organ-activating motor unit at increasing
      rates, the frequency of the receptor sustained discharge reached a maximal value
      for rates of stimulation eliciting submaximal tetanic tension. Higher rates only
      produced an increase in the dynamic component of the tendon organ response. 5.
      These observations show that the contractile tension sensed by a tendon organ is
      not a simple fraction of the tension which appears at the muscle tendon. They
      might be accounted for as consequences of the fine structure of tendon organs and
      of variations in the number of muscle fibres contributed by different motor units
      to the bundle inserted on each receptor. The location of most tendon organs at
      musculo-aponeurotic junctions rather than in the tendon proper, could also be
      responsible for some of the observed discrepancies.

PMID- 978592
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 978593
TI  - Some failures of Modern Medicine. The Milroy Lecture 1976.

PMID- 978591
TI  - Inhibitory effects of acetylcholine on neurones in the feline nucleus reticularis
      thalami.
AB  - 1. Short iontophoretic pulses of acetylcholine (ACh) inhibited almost every
      spontaneously active cell encountered in the nucleus reticularis thalami of cats
      anaesthetized with a mixture of halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. On 200 cells
      the mean current needed to eject an effective inhibitory dose of ACh was 67 +/- 2
      nA. When the ACh-evoked inhibition was mimicked by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      or glycine on the same cell, the current required to release ACh was found to be
      approximately twice as great as that required to release an equally effective
      dose of GABA or glycine. 2. ACh inhibitions developed with a latency which was
      very much shorter than that for ACh excitation in cells of the ventrobasal
      complex. The latency of the ACh-evoked inhibition was as rapid as the onset and
      offset of the excitation of the same cells glutamate and their inhibition by GABA
      or glycine. 3. The firing pattern of ACh-inhibited neurones in the nucleus
      reticularis was characterized by periods of prolonged, high frequency bursts, and
      their mean firing frequency was 22 Hz. Raster dot displays and interspike
      interval histograms showed that whereas ACh suppressed the spikes that occurred
      between bursts much more readily than those that occurred during bursts, all
      spikes were equally sensitive to the depressant action of GABA and glycine. Large
      doses of ACh provoked or exaggerated burst activity. 4. ACh-evoked inhibition was
      extremely sensitive to blockade by short iontophoretic applications of atropine,
      which had no effect on the inhibitions evoked on the same cell equipotent doses
      of GABA or glycine. The ACh-evoked inhibitions were also antagonized by dihydro
      beta-erythroidine released with slightly larger currents. When tested on the same
      cell, small iontophoretic applications of picrotoxin and bicuculline methoiodide
      blocked the inhibition evoked by GABA but had no effect on that evoked by ACh.
      Iontophoretic strychnine only rarely affected the inhibition evoked by ACh, while
      readily blocking the inhibition evoked on the same cell by an equipotent dose of
      glycine. In two cats, intravenous strychnine (1-2 mg/kg) had no effect on the ACh
      evoked inhibition, while greatly reducing the sensitivity of the cell under study
      to glycine. 5. Only four out of forty-eight ACh-inhibted cells tested were
      inhibited by iontophoretic applications of either guanosine or adenosine 3':5'
      phosphate. 6. Cells of the nucleus reticularis have been shown to have an
      inhibitory action on the thalamic relay cells, which are excited by ACh. It is
      suggested that the presence of both ACh excited and inhibited cells in different
      nuclei of the thalamus could be of considerable functional significance in gating
      sensory transmission through the thalamus.

PMID- 978594
TI  - Dominant inheritance diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 978595
TI  - Radioecology of 60Co in Urazoko Bay: correlation between levels of 60Co in
      sargassoes and marine sediments.

PMID- 978596
TI  - The role of spermatogonia in the recovery process from temporary sterility
      induced by gamma-ray irradiation in the teleost Oryzias latipes.

PMID- 978597
TI  - Analysis of the factors in determining radiosensitivity in mammalian cells by
      using radio-sensitive and -resistant clones isolated from HeLa S3 cells in vitro.

PMID- 978598
TI  - Comparative study of 5-fluorouracil and its derivative, N1-(2'-tetrahydrofuryl)-5
      fluorouracil on endogenous colony forming units in spleens of mice.

PMID- 978599
TI  - The effects of polymeric plutonium on erythrocyte survival in mice (I).

PMID- 978600
TI  - Frequency of prenatal X-ray examination and radiation risks in Japan.

PMID- 978601
TI  - The oxygen effects of X-rays and neutrons on the membrane permeability of sheep
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 978602
TI  - [Introduction to new radiodiagnostic methods].

PMID- 978603
TI  - [Use of a portable thermovision camera at the patient's bedside in the operating
      room].

PMID- 978604
TI  - [Thermography of the lower limbs in arterial diseases].

PMID- 978605
TI  - [Thermographic prognosis of early breast epitheliomas].

PMID- 978606
TI  - [Echography and breast cysts].

PMID- 978607
TI  - [Echographic characteristics of breast epitheliomas].

PMID- 978608
TI  - [Mediastinal and pulmonary xerotomography].

PMID- 978609
TI  - [Association of nontraumatic physical methods in organ explorations].

PMID- 978610
TI  - [Thoraco-abdominal angiotomograpny. Apropos of 280 examinations].

PMID- 978611
TI  - [Indications for cerebral tomodensitometry. Summary of 2,000 cases].

PMID- 978612
TI  - [Computerized transverse axial tomography: formation and characteristics of the
      image; doses].

PMID- 978613
TI  - [Relations between ultrasonography and radiology].

PMID- 978614
TI  - [Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta examined by echography].

PMID- 978615
TI  - [Ultrasonic exploration of the liver. Hepatic tumors].

PMID- 978616
TI  - [Hydatid cysts of the liver examined by echography].

PMID- 978617
TI  - [Echographic study of the gallbladder].

PMID- 978618
TI  - [Value of echotomography in the diagnosis and surveillance of maligant abdomino
      pelvic tumors].

PMID- 978619
TI  - [Attempted definition and classification of benign bone tumors].

PMID- 978620
TI  - [Benign bone tumors. Statistical survey].

PMID- 978621
TI  - [Skeletal distribution of chondroblastomas. Their relations to ossification
      regions].

PMID- 978622
TI  - [Benign bone tumors associated with visceral tumors. Pathogenic and nosologic
      hypotheses].

PMID- 978623
TI  - [Diagnostic approach to benign bone tumors].

PMID- 978625
TI  - [Surgical abstention in certain benign tumoral or pseudotumoral processes in
      children].

PMID- 978624
TI  - [Benign bone tumors and arteriography. Contribution of superselective
      arteriography apropos of 22 cases].

PMID- 978626
TI  - [Giant cell tumors. X-ray study apropos of 89 cases].

PMID- 978627
TI  - [Osteoid osteoma. Current problems].

PMID- 978628
TI  - [Pseudotumoral localized forms of fibrous dysplasia of bone].

PMID- 978629
TI  - [Arteriography in liver injuries of long standing].

PMID- 978630
TI  - [Indications, value and limitations of arteriography in liver injuries].

PMID- 978631
TI  - [Angiographic aspects of iatrogenic injuries of the liver].

PMID- 978632
TI  - [Injuries of the kidney].

PMID- 978633
TI  - [Arteriography of injuries of the pancreas].

PMID- 978634
TI  - [Injuries of the spleen].

PMID- 978635
TI  - [Arteriography and puncture-lavage of the peritoneum in abdominal injuries].

PMID- 978636
TI  - [Value of arteriography in abdominal contusions. The surgeon's viewpoint].

PMID- 978637
TI  - [Value of arteriography in injuries of the kidney. The surgeon's viewpoint].

PMID- 978638
TI  - [Anatomical classification and radiological aspects of benign primary tumors of
      the spine].

PMID- 978639
TI  - The incidence of myocardial infarction.
AB  - I studied 183 patients with myocardial infarction including sudden deaths related
      to ischaemic heart disease occurring in general practice during a period of four
      years.The figures are examined by age, sex, history of event, and place of
      treatment. The ratio of male to female infarctions was 2:1, males having a mean
      age of 63 years and females 71 years.The total death rate for all myocardial
      infarctions was 46 per cent, but if sudden deaths are excluded, the rate becomes
      24 per cent.The annual incidence of myocardial infarction per 1,000 in the
      practice population of 11,195 was 4.1 and the total annual death rate per 1,000
      was 1.9.

PMID- 978640
TI  - The natural history of angina in a general practice.
AB  - An appreciation of the natural history of angina pectoris is important when
      deciding on the place of new and potentially dangerous forms of treatment. During
      1950-1975, 268 patients with angina were diagnosed and followed up in my London
      general practice. The annual incidence, in adults over 40, was five per 1,000 and
      increased with age.During the period of follow-up, half the patients died, an
      annual mortality of 4.6 per cent. However, among the survivors one third ceased
      to suffer anginal symptoms spontaneously and without specific therapy. Of those
      who continued to suffer from angina, in 71 per cent the condition was graded as
      minor, in 27 per cent as moderate, and in only two per cent were the attacks
      severe and disabling. Usually the angina was primary (77 per cent) and it was
      secondary, after myocardial infarction, in 23 per cent.Of the 134 deaths, three
      quarters were from a cardiovascular cause. This group of angina patients had a
      2:1 times greater observed, than expected, risk of dying (O/E ratio). The O/E
      mortality ratio fell progressively with age. It was highest in the 40-49 decade
      (4.0) and lowest in the over 80s, when the observed mortality rate was less than
      expected (0.9). The O/E mortality ratio was higher in men (2.3) than in women
      (1.7).From this survey I conclude that angina does not have a uniformly bad
      prognosis, and that with the advent of beta-adrenergic blockers, the proportion
      considered for angiocardiography and aorto-coronary bypass grafting should be
      less than five per cent of all patients with angina.

PMID- 978641
TI  - Analysis of time intervals involved in admission to a coronary care unit.
AB  - Time intervals between the onset of the presenting symptom (chest pain) and
      arrival in a coronary care unit were studied for 221 admissions arranged by
      conventional means. The median figure for "patient delay" was 60 minutes, for
      "general-practitioner delay" 20 minutes, for "ambulance delay" 30 minutes, and
      for "transit delay" 30 minutes. The median "total delay" was three hours 30
      minutes.Only 4.5 per cent of the patients were under intensive coronary care
      within one hour, the time of the highest mortality risk. A mobile coronary
      service should be capable of increasing the proportion of patients brought under
      special care within the first hour, but the time taken by the patient to realise
      the nature of the emergency and summon aid is likely to remain the most critical
      factor.

PMID- 978642
TI  - A general-practitioner ward in a new district general hospital.
AB  - So far there are relatively few general-practitioner wards in district general
      hospitals in the National Health Service. The work of one such general
      practitioner ward at Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, is described and the
      advantages of this system of care for patients and doctors discussed.

PMID- 978643
TI  - Attaching community psychiatric nurses to general practice.
AB  - A scheme for attachment of psychiatric nurses from hospital to group practice in
      Oxford is described. One community psychiatric nurse can work satisfactorily with
      eight general practitioners covering a population of about 18,000. From analysis
      of a working year, it is concluded that this arrangement improves the care of
      patients in the community by providing psychiatric help at times when it was
      previously unavailable or unacceptable.The implications of such a scheme for the
      workings of the primary health care team and the hospital psychiatric service are
      considered, and a case is made for a further study involving a comparison between
      practices with and without the attachment of a community psychiatric nurse.

PMID- 978644
TI  - Seeing two doctors at once in general practice.
AB  - We report the reactions of 250 patients who saw two doctors together, a general
      practitioner trainer and a vocational trainee, when they came to a general
      practice for consultation.Over 80 per cent were neutral and the remainder were
      almost equally divided between those who preferred to see two doctors and those
      who preferred to see their own doctor alone.Selected favourable statements
      outnumbered adverse comments by about ten to one, although allowance must be made
      for the desire of patients to please their doctor.

PMID- 978645
TI  - Using the first consultation in acute illness for teaching third year medical
      students.
AB  - We have introduced clinical teaching in general practice for students in their
      first clinical year. The students are present at the patient's initial
      consultation for an acute illness and thus see a wide range of morbidity which is
      seldom found in hospital. Log books are used to record such factors as the
      patient's presenting complaint, the diagnosis that is made and the presence of
      significant social and psychological aspects of the physical condition. Although
      there were only four two-hour teaching sessions, the frequency and the range of
      presenting complaints seen by students approximates to that in general practice.
      The opinions of both the tutors and the students to this form of teaching have
      been favourable.

PMID- 978646
TI  - The university department of general practice: its function and role.
AB  - The need is stressed for university departments of general practice to examine
      their role and create a philosophy which will guide their function. The success
      of a department depends upon clear objectives, teamwork, and integration with the
      teaching given by other clinical departments in the medical school. The
      contribution of general practice to undergraduate training is discussed and
      problems associated with the recruitment of staff are indicated.

PMID- 978647
TI  - The role of part-time social workers in general practice.

PMID- 978648
TI  - Screening the elderly in general practice.
AB  - All the 855 patients over the age of 65 in one general practice were reviewed.
      Those under care were excluded (316-37 per cent), and the rest were offered a
      screening examination in the practice. In all, 335 were examined and several had
      been previously screened. The yield of conditions found is reported and the
      advantage of the work in general practice discussed.

PMID- 978649
TI  - Two knots in the umbilical cord.
AB  - A case of two true knots occurring in an umbilical cord is reported because of
      its relative rarity. The literature is reviewed. The cause of this potentially
      dangerous phenomenon is discussed, and a recommendation for further study made.

PMID- 978650
TI  - Oncology and the reproductive years: an invitational symposium.

PMID- 978651
TI  - An approach to general oncology: principles and procedures.
AB  - The obstetrician-gynecologist is frequently the only physician to attend women
      during their reproductive years. Malignant disease outside the pelvic organs is a
      fairly frequent occurence in this age group. Certain findings in the patient's
      history and physical examination can suggest malignant disease. The routine
      laboratory examination can also provide indications of the presence of a
      neoplastic process. Once this process is suspected, histologic proof of
      malignancy must be obtained before further staging and therapy are considered.
      The extent of the disease is important for the planning of therapy, i.e., whether
      it is to be surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or some combination of the three.
      Adjuvant chemotherapy is recognized as a form of treatment designed to eradicate
      micrometastases, prevent the occurrence of subsequent clinical metastatic disease
      and, as a result, improve survival.

PMID- 978652
TI  - Malignant lymphoma: implications during the reproductive years and pregnancy.
AB  - The malignant lymphomas are reviewed, and involvement of urogenital-ridge
      derivatives, including the reproductive organs, is summarized. Implications of
      therapy for pelvic lymphoma are discussed. It is shown by a retrospective
      analysis that Hodgkin's disease has little effect on fertility, the course of
      gestation, delivery or fetal wastage and that maternal death is not increased. No
      adverse effect of pregnancy on the symptoms or longevity of women with Hodgkin's
      disease can be demonstrated. Women diagnosed in pregnancy as having lymphoma
      should undergo therapeutic abortion so that proper staging and therapy may be
      given. Pregnancies over 32 to 34 weeks should be induced. Women previously
      treated for lymphoma may become infertile as a result of therapy. Those not
      infertile after therapy should avoid pregnancies since there is a potential risk
      of malformations and malignancies in the offspring.

PMID- 978653
TI  - Thyroid cancer: relationship to radiation exposure and to pregnancy.
AB  - Exposure to radiation results in an increased occurrence of nodularity to the
      thyroid and, more important, the development of cancer in a significant
      proportion of patients. Near-total thyroidectomy is recommended in those patients
      with a history of irradiation who are found on physical examination of the
      thyroid to have one or more nodules. Although pregnancy appears to have no effect
      on the course of thyroid carcinoma and the tumor has no effect on pregnancy,
      because of the numerous stimuli to thyroid growth during pregnancy, we feel that
      pregnancy is best avoided by women with known residual disease.

PMID- 978654
TI  - Acute leukemia during reproductive life: its course, complications and sequelae
      for fertility.
AB  - Acute leukemia is less common during the reproductive years than in children or
      in post-menopausal women. Effective chemotherapy exists for adult lymphocytic
      leukemia, and the median survival is 18 to 20 months. Acute myelogenous leukemia
      still has a less favorable prognosis, with a medial survival of 12 months despite
      effective chemotherapeutic agents. The occurrence of acute leukemia in pregnancy
      does not change the overall prognosis, which depends primarily on the
      cytopathologic types. If leukemia occurs during the first trimester, therapeutic
      abortion is advised since the rate of spontaneous abortion after chemotherapy is
      high in the first trimester and fetal malformations are common. Acute leukemia
      can be treated in the second and third trimesters with little effect on the
      pregnancy or fetus. In patients cured of acute leukemia, the potential for
      subsequent pregnancies exists with little likelihood of increases in fetal
      malformations.

PMID- 978655
TI  - Consequences of radiotherapy and antineoplastic therapy for the fetus.
AB  - The consequences of radiation and antineoplastic therapy on the fetus are
      summarized. Animal and atom bomb studies clearly demonstrate the carcinogenic
      effects of radiation. Less information is available on neoplasia and neonatal
      malformations induced by chemotherapy, but there may be an increased risk. The
      delayed consequences of radiation and chemotherapy are not well known and require
      further study.

PMID- 978656
TI  - Endometriosis therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate.

PMID- 978657
TI  - The in vitro effect of hydrocortisone on endocytosis in cultured mouse peritoneal
      macrophages.

PMID- 978658
TI  - Hydrolase levels in necrotizing and non-necrotizing BCG-induced pulmonary
      granulomas.

PMID- 978659
TI  - Mechanisms of antitumor action of Corynebacterium parvum: the generation of cell
      mediated tumor specific immunity.

PMID- 978660
TI  - The macrophage and cancer.

PMID- 978661
TI  - Dermatomyositis following rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - A case is presented, in which classic dermatomyositis occurred six weeks after
      documented rhabdomyolysis. The literature concerning the immunopathogenesis of
      dermatomyositis is briefly reviewed.

PMID- 978662
TI  - Polymyositis in a patient with multiple neoplasms.
AB  - A 64 year old woman with a past history of panhysterectomy and oophorectomy for
      carcinoma of the body of the uterus (1950) and partial colectomy for carcinoma of
      the colon (1971), presented in 1972 with severe weakness of the proximal girdle
      muscles and histological evidence of polymyositis. A detailed search disclosed no
      tumor and she was treated with prednisone. Two years later, investigations for
      iron deficiency anemia revealed two polyps in the colon. Pathological examination
      of the resected colon disclosed two separate foci of adenocarcinoma and a number
      of adenomatous polyps. Three months later, further investigations for melena led
      to the discovery of a gastric carcinoma. Due to the extent of the tumor, she was
      subjected to gastrectomy. splenectomy, and excision of the tail of the pancreas,
      but died of postoperative complications. At autopsy, no residual cancer was
      detected, but a meningioma was found. The association of polymyositis with
      malignant tumors has been recognized for a long time, but only two previously
      reported patients have had more than one cancer. Although a causal relationship
      is difficult to establish, continued vigilance for neoplasms is advocated during
      the follow-up period.

PMID- 978663
TI  - Classical rheumatoid arthritis in a patient with Reiter's syndrome.
AB  - A 44 year old white male presented with sterile urethritis, anterior uveitis,
      painless oral ulcers, low back pain, and synovitis of the knees and left ankle.
      Unilateral sacroiliitis and limited spondylitis further supported a diagnosis of
      Reiter's syndrome. Serum rheumatoid factor was present. The patient subsequently
      developed morning stiffness, symmetrical polyarthritis of the hands and wrists,
      and an olecranon subcutaneous nodule. Histology of the nodule and synovium was
      consistent with rheumatoid arthritis. Histocompatibility antigen typing
      established the presence of HLA B27. The occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis and
      Reiter's syndrome in the same patient is quite rare, and the infrequent co
      existence of these two inflammatory rheumatic diseases is discussed.

PMID- 978664
TI  - Rheumatoid pericarditis: comparison of immunologic characteristics of pericardial
      fluid, synovial fluid, and serum.
AB  - A comparison was made of the immunological characteristics of serum, synovial and
      pericardial fluids obtained from a 54 year old man with classic rheumatoid
      arthritis and pericarditis. The synovial and pericardial fluids had low
      complement levels and immune complexes were detected using both biological and
      physical methods. The serum had normal complement levels and no immune complexes
      could be demonstrated. The presence of immune complexes and complement depletion
      in the synovial and pericardial fluids supports the concept of local production
      of immune complexes, and is in keeping with a Type III mechanism of immunologic
      injury.

PMID- 978665
TI  - Acute leukemia in rheumatoid arthritis treated with cytotoxic agents.
AB  - Acute leukemia is described in two patients treated with cytotoxic agents for a
      destructive, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Both patients had received
      longterm azathioprine therapy. In addition, one patient had been treated with
      cyclophosphamide, the other with melphalan. Chromosomal abnormalities were noted
      in both patients. Studies in one patient included colony forming units,
      ferrokinetics, electron microscopy of bone marrow, and autopsy examination. All
      reports of acute leukemia associated with cytostatic drugs in the literature to
      date are reviewed and the possible mechanisms discussed. It is suggested that
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with azathioprine and alkylating
      agents may have an increased risk of developing a therapy-related acute leukemia.

PMID- 978666
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of a new uricosuric agent - benzbromarone.
AB  - Benzbromarone, a potent uricosuric agent, is a benzofuran derivative with a
      bromine on the 3rd and 5th positions of the benzene ring. Readily absorbed after
      oral administration, it is promptly dehalogenated in the liver and excreted via
      the biliary system. Peak drug concentration usually precedes maximal uricosuria
      following a single dose of 40 mg of benzbromarone, since benzarone, one of the
      two metabolites, likewise has a uricosuric action. Longterm studies in 24 gouty
      patients indicate that the drug is well tolerated. It has not produced any skin
      rash or renal colic. Renal hemodynamics, blood picture, and liver enzymes were
      unchanged. Since it is eliminated by the biliary tract, it may cause diarrhoea in
      some patients. Being a very potent uricosuric agent, it is not advocated in
      patients with a history of uric acid lithiasis. The uricosuric effect is not
      liable to be counteracted when used in conjunction with hyperuricemic diuretics.
      The drug is particularly useful in patients with chronic gouty arthritis and
      tophi, either refractory or allergic to probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, or
      allopurinol.

PMID- 978667
TI  - Postoperative heterotopic ossification in patients with ankylosing hyperostosis
      on the spine (Forestier's disease).
AB  - Heterotopic ossification following hip surgery occurred in three patients with
      ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine. No technical difficulty during surgery was
      encountered in these individuals. The occurrence of this postoperative
      complication, coupled with the appearance of bony outgrowths at sites of ligament
      attachment throughout the axial and extra-axial skeleton in patients with
      ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine, suggests the presence of an underlying
      ossifying diathesis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). A
      significant number of patients with DISH possess the second segregant series
      antigen, HLA-B27, a feature they share with individuals with other arthropathies
      characterized by abundant ossification; this gene may be closely related to one
      which influences bone formation. The possible association of postoperative
      heterotopic ossification and ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine indicates that
      a radiographic examination of the vertebral column in patients undergoing hip
      surgery may be a useful screening procedure.

PMID- 978668
TI  - Radiologic and scintiscan findings in HLA-B27 negative patients with ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - Of 189 consecutive patients seen with definite ankylosing spondylitis, 17 did not
      possess the transplantation antigen HLA-B27. These 17 patients had less severe
      radiological evidence of disease than the group as a whole, or a sub-group
      matched for age, sex, and duration of disease. This supports the suggestion that
      the HLS-B27 antigen itself may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease,
      and does not serve merely as a marker for a linked immune response gene.

PMID- 978669
TI  - Mycobacterium marinum infection in a finger.

PMID- 978670
TI  - Stereochemical studies on medicinal agents. 20. Absolute configuration and
      analgetic potency alpha-promedol enantiomers. The role of the C-4 chiral center
      in conferring stereoselectivity in axial- and equatorial-phenyl prodine
      congeners.
AB  - Opical antipodes of the axial phenyl analgetic, alpha-promedol hydrochloride (3),
      were prepared and the absolute stereochemistry wasd determined by relating one of
      the enantiomers to its gamme diastereomer having the 2S, 4S,5R configuration. The
      analegetic potency of (+)-(2R,4S,5S)-3 is 20 times that of morphine, while its
      enantiomer, (-)-(2S,4R,5R)-3, is inactive at 50 mg/kg. These results are in
      accord with prior reports which indicate that substitution of a 3-or 5-alkyl
      group on the pro-4S enantiotopic edge of the piperidine ring leads to enantiomers
      which have greater potency than those substituted in an identical position on the
      pro-4R edge. This coupled with the fact that the torsion angle between the axial
      phenyl group and piperidine ring in (+)-3 is of the same sign as its equatorial
      congeners, suggests that the C(3)-C(4)-C(5) moiety and its substituents at C(4)
      are located in a similar chiral environment on the receptor. In contrast, the
      C(2)-N-C(6) portion of the axial and equatorial molecules does not bind in the
      same receptor environment, and it is suggested that different modes of
      interaction in the prodine series arise from different orientations of this
      moiety.

PMID- 978671
TI  - Irreversible enzyme inhibitors. Inhibitors of guinea pig complement derived by
      quaternization of substituted pyridines with benzyl halides.
AB  - A series of 83 compounds derived from hydrocarbon-substituted pyridines by
      quaternization with PhCH2Br usually containing a 2-SO2F or 6-Cl-2-SO2F group was
      synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of guinea pig complement and in most
      cases its C1 component. The most active compounds were 3-(4-phenylphenylbutyl)-N
      (6-choro-2-fluorosulfonylbenzyl) pyridinium bromide (43) and 3-(4
      phenylphenylbutyl)-N-(2-fluorosulfonylbenzyl) pyridinium bromide (44), each
      showing 50% inhibition at 7.8 muM. The most effective irreversible inhibitor of
      the C1 component was N-(6-chloro-2-fluorosulfonylbenzyl)-5,6-benzoquinolinium
      bromide (87), which showed 50% inhibition at 4 muM.

PMID- 978672
TI  - Structure-activity relationships in immunochemistry. 4. Inhibition of complement
      by benzylpyridinium ions. On the predictive value of correlation equations.

PMID- 978673
TI  - Potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 4.
      Further modifications of the amino and base portions of S-adenosyl-L
      homocysteine.
AB  - Structural analogues of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (L-SAH), with modifications in
      the amino acid or base portions of the molecule, have been synthesized and
      evaluated for their abilities to inhibit the transmethylations catalyzed by
      catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
      (PNMT), histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT), hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase
      (HIOMT), and indoleethylamine N-methyltransferase (INMT). From these studies some
      interesting and potentially useful differences in the structural features of L
      SAH needed to produce maximal binding to these methyltransferases were detected.
      This paper provides evidence that 8-azaadenosyl-L-homocysteine is a potent and
      selective inhibitor of HIOMT, whereas N6-methyladenosyl-L-homocysteine and N6
      methyl-3-deazaadenosyl-L-homocysteine are selective inhibitors in INMT. In
      contrast, it was found that S-tubercidinyl-L-homocysteine was a fairly potent,
      but nonselective inhibitor of all of the methyltransferases studied. The
      differences and the similarities in the requirements for the binding of SAH to
      methyltransferases which were detected in this study and earlier studies from our
      laboratory, are described. The possibilites of utilizing differences in binding
      requirements for the design of SAH analogues as specific inhibitors of
      methyltransferases are discussed.

PMID- 978674
TI  - Potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 5.
      Role of the asymmetric sulfonium pole in the enzymatic binding of S-adenosyl-L
      methionine.
AB  - The configuration at the asymmetric sulfonium pole of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
      (SAM) necessary for optimal enzymatic binding and methyl donation has been
      elucidated in this study. For the transmethylations catalyzed by catechol O
      methyltransferase, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, histamine N
      methyltransferase, and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase, it was demonstrated
      that only the natural (-) enantiomer of SAM was active as a methyl donor. The
      corresponding (+)-SAM, which was prepared by enzymatic resolution of synthetic
      (+/-)-SAM, was shown to be inactive as a methyl donor in these enzymatic
      reactions. The (+)-SAM was found, however, to be a potent inhibitor of each of
      these enzyme-catalyzed transmethylations. These results suggest that the (+)
      enantiomer offers a nonproductive configuration for the methyl-transfer reaction
      itself; however, this configuration fails to hamper enzymatic binding. These
      results are discussed relative to the geometric requirements necessary for the
      methyl-transfer reaction and the requirements for enzymatic binding.

PMID- 978676
TI  - Potential antitumor agents. 19. Multiply substituted 4'-(9
      acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilides.
AB  - A series of 42 multiply substituted 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfonanilides
      has been prepared and evaluated in the L1210 system. In addition to biologic
      activity changes resulting from altered agent lipophilic-hydrophilic balance
      variants containing both acridine 4-CH3 and 3-NH2, NHCOCH3 or NO2 substituents
      have reduced activity. Variants 3,6-disubstituted, using functions of differing
      electronic character, have depressed activity, suggesting that there is limited
      site bulk tolerance. Asymmetric 3,5-disubstitution should then be the preferred
      pattern; the 3-ND-5CH-3'-OCH variant is the most dose potent (optimum dose qd 1
      5, 1.25 mg/kg/day) of the high activity agents of this series so far prepared.

PMID- 978675
TI  - Potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 6.
      Structural modifications of S-adenosylmethionine.
AB  - Structural analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), with modifications in the
      amino acid, sugar, or base portions of the molecule, have been synthesized and
      evaluated as either inhibitors and/or substrates for the enzymes catechol O
      methyltransferase, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, histamine N
      methyltransferase, and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase. To evaluate these
      analogues as substrates for SAM-dependent methyltransferases, the corresponding
      methyl-14C compounds were prepared and tested for their abilities to donate their
      methyl group to the appropriate acceptor molecules. In addition, the unlabeled
      SAM analogues were tested for their inhibitory activities in these same
      transmethylation reactions. In general, it could be conlcuded from these studies
      that methyltransferases show very strict specificity for the structural features
      of SAM. This strict specificity holds for the enzymatic binding and methyl
      donating abilities of this molecule. In fact, it could be concluded from the
      results of this study that methyltransferases show a higher specificity for the
      structural features of the substrate L-SAM than for the structural features of
      the product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (L-SAH).

PMID- 978677
TI  - Structural requirements for biological activity among antileukemic glaucarubolone
      ester quassinoids.
AB  - A C-15 ester substituent is required for significant antileukemic activity among
      the glaucarubolone ester quassinoids, and variations in the ester group are not
      accompanied by particularly marked changes in antileukemic activity. Unsaturation
      at the 3,4 position is advantageous for optimal activity, and hydrogenation of
      this double bond results in marked diminution in both cytotoxicity toward KB
      cells in tissue culture and inhibitory activity against the P-388 lymphocytic
      leukemia in mice.

PMID- 978679
TI  - Benzo[g]quinolines. 3. Influence of Carbon-5 substituents on narcotic antagonist
      and antiwrithing activites of derivatives of cis-1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a
      octahydrobenzo[g-a1quinolin-7-0l.

PMID- 978678
TI  - Synthesis and antimyoctic properties of 1-(2-alkyl-2-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazoles.
AB  - The synthesis of 1-(2-alkyl-2-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazoles was accomplished
      starting from the corresponding phenylacetonitriles. Via alkylation,
      esterification, and sodium borohydride reduction-in the presence of lithium
      iodide-beta-phenylalconols were obtained. Mesylation of these alcohols and
      refluxing with imidazole in dimethylformamide furnished title compounds, which
      were active in vitro against dermatophytes, yeasts, other fungi, and gram
      positive bacteria and in vivo as well as in vitro against Candida albicans.

PMID- 978680
TI  - Synthesis and anticonvulsant properties of 1-(10-cyano-and-10-bromo-5H-;
      dibenzo(A,D)cyclohepten-5-YL)-4-(arylmethylene) Amino)piperazines.

PMID- 978681
TI  - 9-Nor-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols. Synthesis, Some behavioral and analgesic
      properties, and comparison with the tetrahydrocannabinols.
AB  - The racemic mixture and levo isomer of both 9-nor-9alpha
      hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol and its 9beta-hydroxy isomer were prepared. Both alpha
      and beta-hydroxy compounds were active in the dog ataxia test and depressed
      spontaneous activity in mice. However, only the beta-hydroxy compound was an
      analgesic in mice morphine-like potency. The behavioral and analgesic properties
      of these compounds may be mediated through different sites or mechanisms and may,
      therefore, be separable.

PMID- 978682
TI  - Metabolic N-demethylation of nicotine. Trapping of a reactive iminium species
      with cyanide ion.

PMID- 978683
TI  - Digestive processes of hematophagous insects. VIII. Estimation of meal size and
      demonstration of trypsin in horse flies and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae).

PMID- 978684
TI  - The population structure of an Australian reptile tick, Aponomma hydrosauri
      (Acari: Ixodidae). I. Evidence from an esterase polymorphism.

PMID- 978685
TI  - Electrophoresis and electrofocusing of venom of Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch &
      Mulaik (Araneida: Scytodidae).

PMID- 978686
TI  - Paracentric inversion in Culex pipiens.

PMID- 978687
TI  - Seasonal changes in size, female fecundity and male potency in Culicoides melleus
      (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).

PMID- 978688
TI  - An improved laboratory larval medium for Culicoides guttipennis (Coq.) (Diptera:
      Ceratopogonidae).

PMID- 978689
TI  - Traubella, a new genus of flea (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae).

PMID- 978690
TI  - Transfer of Bovicola tibialis (Piaget) Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from the
      introduced fallow deer to the Columbian black-tailed deer in California.

PMID- 978691
TI  - Host associations and seasonal occurrence of fleas from southeastern Wisconsin
      mammals with observations on morphologic variations.

PMID- 978692
TI  - Inheritance of autogeny in the Aedes scutellaris subgroup of mosquitoes.

PMID- 978693
TI  - Some effects of juvenile hormone and analogues on ovarian follicles of the
      mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 978694
TI  - Field competitiveness of double translocation heterozygote males of Aedes aegypti
      (L).

PMID- 978695
TI  - Breeding of Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) in rice fields in the
      Kisumu area of Kenya.

PMID- 978696
TI  - The ecology and behavior of the lone star tick (Acarina: Ixodidae). X. Adult
      overwintering and survival in woodlots.

PMID- 978697
TI  - Biochemical and physiological studies of certain ticks (Ixodoidea). Absence of
      sterol biosynthesis in Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae).

PMID- 978698
TI  - The northern fowl mite (Acarina: Macronyssidae) collected from rats in a chicken
      house.

PMID- 978699
TI  - Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acarina: Tyroglyphidae) in cultures of Dermatophagoides
      farinae (Acarina: Pyroglyphidae) controlled by low humidity.

PMID- 978700
TI  - Study of U.S. medical school applicants, 1974-75.
AB  - The applicant activity for the 1974-75 first-year class in U.S. medical schools
      presents an unusual combination of statistics. There were more applicants than
      ever before, but the annual growth rate showed a decline, a trend that began in
      1973-74; the national acceptance average remained unchanged; and the average
      application frequency per individual was accelerated. Most of the traditional
      tables cover five years of historical data (1970-71 through 1974-75), while the
      new features--acceptance success for first-time and repeat applicants and ability
      levels by acceptance success and application frequency--depict data for one year
      (1974-75). As in past studies, the conclusion enumerates major efforts instituted
      by the Association of American Medical Colleges to assist medical schools with
      admission problems. The most important innovations among these were two new task
      forces--one for minority admissions and one for financial aid.

PMID- 978701
TI  - The future of pathology: a Delphi study by pathology department chairmen.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a study by and of chairmen of pathology
      departments in American and Canadian medical schools directed toward discovering
      chairmen's perceptions and attitudes about the future of pathology. Over 100 of a
      total of 143 chairmen participated in some or all phases of this study in which
      the Delphi approach was used. Sixty-five chairmen completed all four rounds of
      questionnaires. Most chairmen are deeply concerned about increasing federal
      regulation of medicine. They expect to play a greater role in all phases of
      medical education with more emphasis on the basic science aspects of pathology.
      They also foresee a desirable shifting of residency training programs away from
      small hospitals to the larger medical centers. This shift will result in fewer
      but longer training programs.

PMID- 978702
TI  - A standardized interviewing technique for evaluating postgraduate training
      applicants.
AB  - In an effort to streamline the personal interview and to reduce the influence of
      subjectivity inpreparation of ranking lists for postgraduate year-one applicants,
      a standardized interview was constructed for use in evaluating condidates for
      admission to a training program in internal medicine. The interview was conducted
      in a uniformly structured manner by 14 interviewers of 260 applicants. Each
      applicant received an interview score which correlated well with the final
      decision of the Intern Selection Committee. For each interviewer various measures
      of performance were obtained which allowed a classification into "hard" versus
      "easy" interviewer and indicated the comparability of each interview's
      evaluations with the final decisions. Thus, the standardized interview resulted
      in quantifiable data in the form of uniform evaluations of applicants and
      interviewers.

PMID- 978703
TI  - A study of student attitudes toward a psychiatric clerkship.
AB  - Sixty-seven third-year medical students at the University of Ottawa were
      interviewed at the beginning and end of a month-long clerkship in psychiatry. Two
      attitude categories were designated: "attitude-positive" (AP) differentiated
      subjects with positive clerkship expectations or attitudes for "attitude
      negative" (AN) subjects who had negative expectations or attitudes. Differences
      between preclerkship APs and ANs are described. Postclerkship interviews revealed
      a general improvement in attitudes toward psychiatry and the psychiatric
      clerkship. Statistically significant differences were noted between postclerkship
      APs and ANs in the following: attitudes toward psychiatry, attainment of
      preclerkship objectives, reduction of anxiety levels, and nature of supervisory
      experiences. Postclerkship attitudes may be predicted to some extent prior to the
      clerkship. The potential for a negative postclerkship attitude may be modified by
      positive clerkship experiences. The importance of identifying students vulnerable
      to the stresses of psychiatric clerkship is emphasized.

PMID- 978704
TI  - Pediatric-psychiatric liaison as a model for teaching pediatric residents.
AB  - The pediatrician's function as a comprehensive family health practitioner has
      frequently been ignored. A major problem is that pediatric residents are not
      trained or are inadequately trained to assess emotional, behavioral, and family
      problems that may be an integral part of the patient's symptoms. At the
      Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, a pediatric-psychiatric liaison program has
      evolved in which pediatric residents learn the principles and skills necessary to
      manage these problems. Ultimately, the liaison program will enable the staff
      pediatricians who use these principles to assume appropriate responsibility for
      educating the pediatric trainees.

PMID- 978705
TI  - Is there an identity crisis in medical school pharmacology?

PMID- 978706
TI  - Projecting a teaching hospital's future utilization: a dynamic simulation
      approach.

PMID- 978707
TI  - A systematic approach to curriculum design in a medical school interview course.

PMID- 978708
TI  - The sickness impact profile: potential use of a health status instrument for
      physician training.

PMID- 978709
TI  - Improving the use of television in continuing education.

PMID- 978710
TI  - Pharmacology education in medical schools.

PMID- 978711
TI  - What is a fellow? Changing times in graduate medical education.

PMID- 978712
TI  - Highlights of COTH survey of house staff policy, 1976.

PMID- 978714
TI  - Family practice.

PMID- 978713
TI  - Primary care.

PMID- 978715
TI  - Electrolyte transport by gallbladders of rabbit and guinea pig: effect of
      amphotericin B and evidence of rheogenic Na transport.
AB  - Ion transport and electrical properties of rabbit and guinea pig gallbladders
      were investigated to gain further information about the active transport
      mechanism that mediates fluid absorption. The intracellular and transepithelial
      electrical potentials were measured simultaneously using the microelectrode
      technique. Exposure of the mucosal surface to Amphotericin B resulted in the
      prompt development of a serosa-positive electrical potential difference (PD)
      which could not be attributed to an alteration in ion diffusion potentials across
      either the cell membrane or across the tight junction. Because the Amphotericin B
      induced PD was immediately dependent on warm temperatures and O2, and was
      independent of NA and K concentration gradients across the cell membrane, it is
      suggested that active ion transport is directly responsible for the PD. Since the
      PD was abolished in the absence of Na in the bathing solutions, a rheogenic Na
      pump is postulated; this pump also appears to be operative in tissues not exposed
      to Amphotericin B. The specific tissue properties altered by Amphotericin B to
      produce a serosa-positive PD remain incompletely defined. The results of the
      present study indicate that ion transport by rabbit gallbladder in vitro is a
      consequence of a rheogenic active Na transport mechanism at the basolateral
      membranes which, in conjunction with a coupled NaC1 influx process at the mucosal
      border, ultimately results in absorption of NaC1 and water.

PMID- 978716
TI  - A study of the relationship between inhibition of anion exchange and binding to
      the red blood cell membrane of 4,4'-diisothiocyano stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
      (DIDS) and its dihydro derivative (H2DIDS).
AB  - DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyano stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid) and H2DIDS (4,4'
      diisothiocyano-1,2-diphenyl ethane-2,2'-disulfonic acid) binding to the human red
      cell membrane proteins were studied as a function of concentration, temperature
      and time. Most binding sites were common to both. The common sites were in band 3
      of SDS polyacrylamide gel electropherograms (Steck, 1974. J. Cell Biol. 62:1), an
      unidentified adjacent band, and glycophorin. Reversible and irreversible binding
      occurred; both inhibited sulfate equilibrium exchange. The time courses of
      irreversible binding to band 3 and total binding to the membrane as a whole were
      biphasic. About 20% of H2DIDS and greater 60% of DIDS binding were rapid,
      independent of temperature. Slow H2-DIDS binding was monoexponential, activation
      enthalpy 23 kcal/mole. The stoichiometry of irreversible H2DIDS binding to band 3
      was 1.1-1.2, concentration-dependent. Under the conditions studied (0-50 muM,
      hematocrit 10%, 5-37 degrees C) binding to band 3 was a constant fraction of
      total binding, 0.7 for H2DIDS and 0.8 for DIDS. Inhibition was a linear function
      of total binding, binding to band 3, and therefore also to nonband 3 sites, with
      either inhibitor during both phases, H2DIDS inhibition was complete at 1.9 X
      10(6) or 1.2 X 10(6) molecules/cell total and band 3 binding respectively. For
      DIDS the corresponding figures were 1.3 X 10(6) and 1.1 X 10(6). It is shown how
      reagents of mixed function can react with biphasic kinetics. Binding to multiple
      contiguous sites may exhibit concentration-dependent stoichiometry. Under such
      conditions a linear inhibition-binding relationship is neither a necessary nor a
      sufficient condition for the identification of transport sites.

PMID- 978717
TI  - On the question of an electrokinetic requirement for phospholipase C action.
AB  - The phospholipase C of clostridium welchii (alpha toxin) has an absolute
      requirement for trace quantities of Ca2+. It attacks pure phosphatidylcholine
      particles (smectic mesophases) having a close-packed bilayer structure only when
      their surface zeta potential is made positive by the addition of certain divalent
      ions (e.g., Ca2+) to the aqueous phase or by the presence of low concentrations
      of long chain cations to the lipid. Alternatively, if the rotational freedom of
      individual phospholipid molecules is increased by the insertion of short n
      alkanols (e.g., hexanol) into the bilayer or when a monolayer of the substrate at
      an air/water interface is expended, enzymic hydrolysis can occur without any
      requirement for a net postive charge on the surface.

PMID- 978718
TI  - "Metabolic" action potentials in Acetabularia.
AB  - The transient depolarizations in Acetabularia which fulfill the essential
      criteria of an action potential (all-or-none characteristics, triggering by
      depolarization, propagation, etc.) are investigated. These action potentials are
      analyzed by conductance measurements and voltage clamp experiments on the basis
      of the analog circuit of the membrane (Gradmann, D. 1975, J. Membrane Biol.
      25:183). It is concluded that these action potentials do not arise by
      permeability changes of the passive diffusion channels, but by the active pathway
      of the electrogenic pump, which consists of a voltage source EP of about --20 mV
      in series with two nonlinear conducting elements P1 and P2, the latter and EP
      being shunted by a large quasi capacity CP of some mF cm-2. The nonlinear current
      voltage relationship of the carrier system (P1) is not changed during the action
      potential but has an effect on its time course. However, the elements P2 and CP,
      which probably reflect metabolic entities, are suggested to control the action
      potentials.

PMID- 978719
TI  - Electrical properties of Valonia ventricosa.
AB  - The cytoplasmic electrical potential and membrane resistance of mature cells of
      Valonia ventricosa have been measured by inserting a microelectrode concentric
      with another electrode into the vacuole of the cell. The cytoplasmic region was
      investigated by advancing the microelectrode into the cell wall from the
      vascuolar side. The results revealed a unique region where the vascuolar electric
      potential and membrane resistance changed in a simultaneous single step to values
      close to zero. The measured potential always remained positive immediately after
      the step. At no time was a highly negative potential region encountered. Further
      penetration of the microelectrode revealed a low resistance negative potential
      region of --12.6 +/- 1.1 mV associated with the cell wall. Experiments were also
      carried out on aplanospores of V. ventricosa to compare mature and immature
      cells. The chemical composition of the vacuolar and protoplasmic phases of mature
      cells was determined. The results agreed with previous results except that the C1
      ion content of the protoplasm was significantly higher at 381 +/- 20
      mmoles/liter (H2O). It was concluded that mature cells of Valonia are
      significantly different from immature cells in that no highly negative potential
      cytoplasmic region was found in mature cells. It was considered that the measured
      step change in electric potential and membrane resistance occurred at the
      plasmalemma and that the tonoplast was a region of very low resistance. The
      implications of these findings in terms of models of ion transport into Valonia
      are discussed.

PMID- 978720
TI  - Idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 978721
TI  - Problems in abdominal surgery. VI. Intestinal obstruction from peritoneal
      carcinomatosis.

PMID- 978722
TI  - Studies of the structure of the T4 bacteriophage tail sheath. I. The recovery of
      three-dimensional structural information from the extended sheath.

PMID- 978723
TI  - The determination of the helical screw angle of a helical particle from its
      diffraction pattern.

PMID- 978724
TI  - Role of genes 46 and 47 in bacteriophage T4 reproduction. III. Formation of joint
      molecules in biparental recombination.

PMID- 978725
TI  - The influence of amino acid side-chains on alpha-helix stability: S-peptide
      analogues and related ribonucleases S'.

PMID- 978726
TI  - Crystal structure of bovine trypsinogen at 1-8 A resolution. I. Data collection,
      application of patterson search techniques and preliminary structural
      interpretation.

PMID- 978727
TI  - A precursor of globin messenger RNA.

PMID- 978728
TI  - Folding and stability of helical proteins: carp myogen.

PMID- 978729
TI  - The structure of subtilopeptidase A. I. X-ray crystallographic data.

PMID- 978730
TI  - Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata
      electric organ. I. Pharmacological properties of the electroplaque.

PMID- 978731
TI  - Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata
      electric organ. II. The permeability response of the receptor-rich membrane
      fragments to cholinergic agonists in vitro.

PMID- 978732
TI  - Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata
      electric organ. III. Pharmocological desensitization in vitro of the receptor
      rich membrane fragments by cholinergic agonists.

PMID- 978733
TI  - Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata
      electric organ. IV. Quinacrine: a fluorescent probe for the conformational
      transitions of the cholinergic receptor protein in its membrane-bound state.

PMID- 978734
TI  - Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata
      electric organ. V. Qualitative correlation between pharmacological effects and
      equilibration processes of the cholinergic receptor protein as revealed by the
      structural probe quinacrine.

PMID- 978735
TI  - Specificity of genetic elements controlling regulation of early functions in
      temperate bacteriophages.

PMID- 978736
TI  - X-ray study by fiber diffraction methods of a self-aggregate of guanosine-5'
      phosphate with the same helical parameters as poly(rG).

PMID- 978738
TI  - Structure of the wall of Halobacterium halobium gas vesicles.

PMID- 978737
TI  - Fine structure of ribosomal RNA. I. Conservation of homologous regions within
      ribosomal RNA of eukaryotes.

PMID- 978739
TI  - Radiation damage in protein crystallography.

PMID- 978740
TI  - The structure of hemoglobin reconstituted with deuteroheme.

PMID- 978741
TI  - The troponin binding region of tropomyosin. Evidence for a site near residues 197
      to 127.

PMID- 978742
TI  - The brush-border intestinal aminopeptidase, a transmembrane protein as probed by
      macromolecular photolabelling.

PMID- 978743
TI  - Studies on the bacteriophages MS2. XXXIII. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences
      in related bacteriophage RNAs.

PMID- 978744
TI  - Crystallization of a DNA-unwinding protein: preliminary x-ray analysis of fd
      bacteriophage gene 5 product.

PMID- 978745
TI  - Calculation of protein tertiary structure.

PMID- 978746
TI  - Early chick neuroretinal responses following direct exposure to methotrexate.
AB  - Explants of 4.5-day-old chick embryonic neuroretinas with mesenchyme were exposed
      to Methotrexate (MTX) in medium 199 with embryo extract. Proliferative responses
      of the cultured neuroretinas were followed radioautographically by administration
      of 3H-thymidine to the cultures. The DNA synthetic, mitotic and pyknotic
      responses of the ventricular cells of the neuroretina were followed over a 16
      hour period. The responses observed suggested that MTX caused a synchronization
      of the ventricular cells in the pre-mitotic phases with no direct inhibition of
      mitosis. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to MTX resulted in the accumulation of
      labeled pyknotic cells, indicating a decline in the regenerative capacity of the
      proliferative ventricular cells.

PMID- 978747
TI  - A stereological analysis of the ultrastructure of the lungs of wild mice living
      at low and high altitude.
AB  - Stereological analysis of the ultrastructural composition of the pulmonary
      alveolo-capillary region of mice living at sea level compared with that of the
      same species (Phyllotis darwini) genetically adapted to life at 4,660 m reveals a
      trend at high altitude towards a greater volume percentage of tissue components.
      On a weight-specific basis, non-circulating tissue occupies a significantly
      greater volume in high-altitude mice, but air space and capillary contents are
      not correspondingly greater. Since the arithmetic mean thickness of the tissue
      layers and of the air-blood barrier are the same in the two altitudinal groups,
      the average alveolus must have a smaller volume in the high-altitude mice.
      Epithelial, endothelial, and erythrocyte surface areas per gram body weight are
      significantly greater in the high-altitude mice. Nuclear counts indicate that the
      larger lungs of mice adapted to high altitude are due to larger Pneumocyte I and
      II and endothelial cells rather than to an increase in the number of these cells.
      Hematocrits measured within the pulmonary capillaries in the two altitudinal
      groups were equal. An heretofore unrecognized feature of possible adaptive value
      is the surface/volume ratio of erythrocytes, which is similar for erythrocytes in
      alveolar space of mice at low and high altitudes but within lung capillaries is
      14.7% greater at high altitude.

PMID- 978748
TI  - Formation of nucleoside 5'-polyphosphates under potentially prebiological
      conditions.
AB  - Aqueous solutions of linear inorganic polyphosphates incubated in presence of Mg
      ions depolymerize to give trimetaphosphate. The presence of a nucleoside 5'
      phosphate has little influence upon the reaction. Drying the products obtained by
      incubating a linear polyphosphate with Mg ions in the presence of a nucleoside 5'
      phosphate yields nucleoside 5'-polyphosphates. The prebiological relevance of the
      reactions is discussed.

PMID- 978749
TI  - Human skeletal muscle proteins. The primary structure of troponin C.
AB  - The primary structure of the major component of human skeletal muscle troponin C
      has been established. The troponin C was purified by ammonium sulphate and
      isoelectric fractionation, followed by two chromatographic steps on DEAE
      Sephadex. The sequence was determined from the different overlapping enzymic
      peptides and by dansyl-Edman degradation. The only difference between rabbit
      skeletal muscle troponin C and the major component of human skeletal troponin C
      was found at position 112: Ala (rabbit), Pro (human). The partial amino acid
      sequence of the first 86 residues of the minor component of human skeletal
      troponin C was found to resemble the troponin C from bovine cardiac muscle. The
      only difference between them, has tentatively been located at position 62: Glu
      (human), Asp (bovine). These similarities suggest that troponin C is, from the
      point of view of molecular, one of the most conservative proteins so far studied.

PMID- 978750
TI  - Penguin evolution: protein comparisons demonstrate phylogenetic relationship to
      flying aquatic birds.
AB  - Quantitative immunological comparisons of three avian proteins, transferrin,
      ovalbumin, and penalbumin, indicate that penguins are phylogenetically most
      closely related to loons, albatrosses, herons, and grebes. These data support the
      theory that the ancestors of penguins were flying oceanic birds and that
      flightlessness in penguins has evolved independently from flightlessness in
      ratites.

PMID- 978751
TI  - Evolution of flightless land birds on southern continents: transferrin comparison
      shows monophyletic origin of ratites.
AB  - A biochemical approach was used to study the evolution of ratite birds, i.e., the
      ostriches, rheas, cassowaries, emus, and kiwis. Quantitative immunological
      comparison of transferrin from ratites, tinamous, and other flying birds
      indicates that all the ratites and tinamous are allied phylogenetically and that
      they are of monophyletic origin relative to other birds. To explain the current
      geographic distribution of ratites and the magnitude of the transferrin
      distances, it is supposed that the ancestors of these flightless birds walked
      across land bridges between the southern continents during Cretaceous times.

PMID- 978752
TI  - Comments on counter-examples to a neutralist hypothesis by Lila L. Gatlin.

PMID- 978753
TI  - Response to comments on thermal polypeptides by P. A. Temussi et al.

PMID- 978754
TI  - A preliminary classification of human functional sexual disorders.
AB  - A preliminary classification is presented for functional human sexual disorders.
      This system is based on objective behavior and reports of distress. Five
      categories of sexual disorders are proposed, including the behavioral,
      psychological and informational components of sexual functioning in the
      individual and the couple.

PMID- 978755
TI  - Primary orgasmic dysfunction: essential treatment components.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the essential components of a successful treatment
      regime for primary orgasmic dysfunction, the principle treatment approaches are
      reviewed to elucidate the similarities in different programs which have reported
      similar outcome data. It is concluded that the systematic desensitization
      studies, the masturbatory training approaches, and the Reproductive Biology
      Research Foundation series are all effective treatment procedures. It appears
      that all three approaches employ graduated exposure to sexual stimuli plus some
      form of directive psychotherapy emphasizing interpersonal skills acquisition.
      These may be the essential treatment components.

PMID- 978756
TI  - A short-term, intensive workshop approach for the treatment of human sexual
      inadequacy.
AB  - A rapid treatment approach to common sexual dysfunctions has been used in
      treating 59 couples, including 74 symptomatic individuals. Using a
      multidisciplinary team approach in an intensive 2 1/2 day workshop format,
      symptom improvement has been obtained in 86.5% of the dysfunctional individuals,
      with complete symptom reversal in 63.5%. The intensive workshop format has
      resulted in a saving of both patient and professional time and is seen as a
      viable and successful alternative to more time-consuming approaches of treating
      various sexual dysfunctions.

PMID- 978757
TI  - Perceptual accuracy as a variable in marital adjustment.
AB  - This study investigated the ability of maritally-adjusted couples, couples
      attaining a divorce, and couples in counseling to predict the rewarding effects
      of their behavior on their spouse. Twenty-six couples, five obtaining a divorce,
      nine in counseling, and twelve adjusted couples completed a Marital Interaction
      Questionnaire in which they rated how rewarding each of the behaviors depicted
      was to them. Then each member predicted how rewarding it was to their spouse.
      Behaviors depicting six areas of marital interaction were included in the
      questionnaire. The computed perceptual accuracy scores were analyzed by a three
      way classification-Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)-for unequal n's. This analysis
      yielded a significant main effect of marital status and a significant interaction
      between marital status by sex of spouse and between marital status by area of
      interaction. The maritally-adjusted group was always more accurate than the other
      two groups in their predictions, however, they were significantly more accurate
      only for selected areas of interaction.

PMID- 978758
TI  - In every marriage there are two marriages.
AB  - While investigators often have commented about discrepancies in the way a husband
      and a wife view the same marriage, little attention has been devoted to the
      implications such discrepancies have for marital and family therapy. As part of a
      continuing study of the differences between couples who seek marital therapy and
      those who seek sexual dysfunction therapy, this report examines these two
      clinical populations on the dimension of discrepant views of the marriage. Our
      results suggest that overall discrepancy scores may be an important indicator of
      stress between partners. In particular areas, however, such as rating the quality
      of the marriage, specific complaints about the marriage, and concerns about male
      sexual difficulties, marital therapy patients obtained significantly higher
      discrepancy scores than sexual therapy patients.

PMID- 978759
TI  - Towards a rational classification of the sexual dysfunctions.

PMID- 978760
TI  - Gender and sexual experience as determinants in a sexual behavior hierarchy.
AB  - The present study sought to assess the influence of gender and previous sexual
      experience regarding the structure of the basic sexual behavior hierarchy.
      Results indicated that both gender and previous experience have significant
      effects. Overall, gender appeared to have a less substantial effect than previous
      experience, being more noteworthy for the similarities manifest between males and
      females than the few differences observed. Previous experience displayed a
      substantial effect, particularly in the upper portion of the hierarchy, with like
      experienced groups showing marked similarity in their hierarchy patterns. Several
      significant gender-experience interactions were found regarding oral-genital
      behaviors, and a general trend was observed for females indicating negative
      appreciation from pre to postexperience. Males revealed positive appreciation
      from pre to postexperience on all but the most basic sexual behaviors.
      Conclusions were to the effect that while both variables influenced the
      hierarchy, effects were complex, and often mediated by additional factors.

PMID- 978761
TI  - Complement-fixing antigen of human sarcomas.
AB  - Further investigation of the humoral immune responses of patients with sarcoma to
      their tumors revealed a sarcoma-associated antigen that was readily detected by
      complement fixation. Circulating levels of antibody to this antigen, tentatively
      labeled S3, rose markedly after surgical removal of the tumor. Antibody to S3, as
      to S1 and S2, was highly prevalent in patients with various malignant tumors
      other than sarcoma.

PMID- 978762
TI  - Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma in Connecticut, 1935-1973.
AB  - Data on over 3,700 patients with renal cell carcinoma, reported to the
      Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1935 through 1973, were used to assess incidence,
      survival, and associations of risk with demographic characteristics. Incidence
      increased over time among men, but not among women; a birth cohort effect
      suggesting increasing incidence rate over time was demonstrated for men. A
      comparison of male and female age-specific incidence rates indicated that, in the
      15- to 39-year-old age group, men were three times more likely than women to
      develop the disease; after age 40, renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in men
      twice as often as in women. Survival probability has increased from 1940 to the
      present time. A high density of persons per square mile was associated with a
      higher-than-expected incidence. No trends in incidence according to socioeconomic
      status were observed.

PMID- 978763
TI  - Changes with age in the hematopoietic system in a cesarean-derived, barrier
      maintained colony of Wistar rats.
AB  - In a colony of cesarean-derived barrier-maintained inbred W rats given saline
      injections into the right pleural cavities, histologic and cytologic changes due
      to age were examined in the bone marrow, lymphatic tissue, and lungs; hematologic
      trends were also evaluated. The thymus showed two changes with age: 1) atrophy,
      which was evidenced by plasma cells near the blood vessels and among the cords of
      epithelial cells; and 2) disruption of the normal architecture of the gland. In
      all available thymuses, changes showed a transition toward malignancy. As the
      bone marrow showed increasing cellularity with time, polymorphonuclear cells and
      precursors appeared to increase. In lymph nodes, lymphocytes in the paracortical
      area were excessive and resembled the lymphocytes of the "lymphoid bursts" found
      in the thymus. In the lungs, small parabronchial and paravascular collections of
      mononuclear cells, occurring with slightly increasing frequency with age, were
      consistently found; however, any lung disease associated with these cells was not
      evident. In the blood, absolute numbers of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear
      cells were altered.

PMID- 978764
TI  - Hormone-dependent mammary tumors in strain GR/A mice. II. Preneoplastic and
      neoplastic properties.
AB  - In a series of transplant experiments, we investigated interactions between
      normal, ductal phase, and tumorous phase mammary tissues in GR/A mice, with
      particular respect to growth regulation. Transplants from hormone-dependent
      mammary tumors (HDT) transplanted into mammary fat pads already containing normal
      mammary ducts usually could not be located subsequently or, at best, displayed
      minimal growth. Growth regulation was also normal when two HDT transplants,
      placed in a single gland-free fat pad in nonpregnant hosts, produced ductal
      outgrowths displaying mutual avoidance behavior in which ducts did not touch and
      were normally spaced. A normal and HDT transplant in a single gland-free fat pad
      also showed identical, normal regulatory behavior. In contrast, HDT transplants
      in pregnant hosts or in hosts receiving exogenous hormone therapy displayed
      altered growth patterns in which neighboring tumors touched and eventually fused.
      When surrounded by normal tissues, the HDT continued to proliferate and often
      appeared to overgrow and engulf normal elements. We concluded that HDT tissues
      grown in nonpregnant hosts fully responded to those short-range regulatory
      influences characteristic of normal morphogenesis. When exposed to hormones of
      pregnancy, however, these interactions changed, and HDT tissues exhibited many
      characteristics of ductal carcinomas.

PMID- 978765
TI  - Hormone-dependent mammary tumors in strain GR/A mice. III. Effectiveness of
      supplementary hormone treatments in inducing tumorous phase growth.
AB  - Attempts were made to initiate hormone-dependent tumor (HDT) transformation in
      ductal phase mammary outgrowths. These outgrowths, when carried in virgin GR/A
      mice, were not tumorous and usually resembled the host's mammary glands. After 2
      3 months' initial growth, the following hormone treatments were initiated: 1) An
      isologous pituitary was implanted into each fat pad having previously received an
      HDT transplant. Some neoplastic transformation of the pregnancy-dependent tumor
      outgrowth occurred after 1-2 months; all 10 mammary glands were well stimulated
      and had many hyperplastic alveolar nodules. 2) In experiments involving exogenous
      hormone administration, estrogen or progesterone administered alone caused no
      neoplastic changes in the 2- to 3-month-old ductal phase outgrowths. However, 1
      mg progesterone plus 1 mug estrogen daily given sc for 3 weeks to both
      ovariectomized and intact mice with HDT transplants caused neoplastic changes in
      the outgrowths and induced small ductal hyperplasias in the host glands.
      Termination of hormone treatment resulted in a return to the normal ductal
      structure. The addition of 100 mug prolactin and 100 mug growth hormone to the
      progesterone and estrogen mixture did not further alter transplants but increased
      stimulation to the host glands.

PMID- 978766
TI  - A proper sequence for the treatment of B16 melanoma: chemotherapy, surgery, and
      immunotherapy.
AB  - The therapeutic effectiveness of surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy alone
      and in combination were studied in the B16 melanoma model. The sequence of
      chemotherapy and immunotherapy as adjuvants to surgery proved important:
      Chemotherapy was significantly better when given before surgery; immunotherapy
      was more effective when delivered after surgery. The most effective therapeutic
      regimen was a combination of all three modalities: a single course of
      chemotherapy preceding surgery followed by immunotherapy.

PMID- 978767
TI  - Inbreeding and canine mammary cancer: a retrospective study.
AB  - Using files of the Animal Neoplasm Registry (ANR) in Alameda and Contra Costa
      Counties, California, we conducted a retrospective study to compare the degree of
      inbreeding in the ancestry of purebred dogs with mammary and other cancers, and
      of those without tumors. Wright's coefficients of inbreeding, calculated for all
      animals in the three groups, ranged from 0.000 to 0.535. The median inbreeding
      coefficients of the mammary cancer and comparison groups (consisting of other
      cancers) were approximately twice that of the nonneoplastic group, but neither
      difference was statistically significant. Dogs with mammary adenocarcinoma and
      mixed mammary cancer had similar degrees of inbreeding.

PMID- 978768
TI  - High incidence of spontaneous cervical and vaginal tumors in an inbred strain of
      Brown Norway rats (BN/Bi).
AB  - The incidence of spontaneously occurring tumors of the cervix and vagina was
      unusually high in an inbred strain of Brown Norway rats (BN/Bi). Fifty-four
      tumors were diagnosed in the cervixes or vaginas of 252 rats. Of the tumors, 7
      were squamous cell carcinomas, 4 were leiomyomas, and the rest were sarcomas.
      These tumors were found in nearly 20% of all female rats that died naturally.

PMID- 978769
TI  - Comparison of the potentiation of specific tumor immunity in mice by
      Corynebacterium parvum or BCG.
AB  - Two independent studies have compared killed C. parvum (CP) vaccine with viable
      BCG (Pasteur) and BCG (Glaxo) vaccines, respectively, for potentiation of
      antitumor immunity when injected with irradiated tumor cells into B6D2F1 AND CBA
      T6T6 mice. Both studies concurred that, for a given number of irradiated tumor
      cells, larger amounts (dry weight equivalent) of BCG than CP were required to
      produce similar degrees of tumor immunity. Evidence also showed that stronger and
      more protracted immunity was mediated by CP than by BCG.

PMID- 978770
TI  - Spontaneous ovarian tumors in domestic carp (Cyprinus carpio): light and electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Massive abdominal enlargement was discovered in 8 adult carp (Cyprinus carpio) 4
      6 years old, living in breeding ponds of carp fisheries in northern Japan. The
      abdominal enlargements rapidly progressed and the affected fish died within a few
      months. At necropsy, single or multiple tumors up to 20 cm in diameter were found
      in the abdominal cavities. Ovarian tissue identified within the tumor capsule in
      4 fish supported the impression, based on gross anatomic features, that the
      neoplasm arose in the ovaries. Histologically, the tumors were composed mainly of
      various types of mesenchymal cells. In one sample, striated muscle was identified
      by electron microscopy; in another, squamous cell nests were intermixed with
      mesenchymal elements. Although some tumors had areas of cellular pleomorphism
      suggesting a malignant character, no evidence of invasion or metastasis was
      found. These neoplasms were classified tentatively as dysontogenetic tumors of
      the ovary, possibly teratoid in nature.

PMID- 978771
TI  - A phase I-II trial of multiple-dose polyriboinosic-polyribocytidylic acid in
      patieonts with leukemia or solid tumors.
AB  - Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I - poly C), an interferon inducer,
      was administered in multiple doses of 0.3-75 mg/m2 to 26 patients with a variety
      of solid tumors, 9 with acute leukemia, and 2 with chronic myelogenous leukemia
      in blast crisis. Forty-four separate drug trials were comprised of various
      schedules and routes of administration. Toxic reactions included fever (in 66% of
      the trials), transient elevation of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and
      serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (25%), minimal laboratory evidence of
      coagulation abnormalities (59%), and hypersensitivity (5%). These toxic
      manifestations did not relate to dose level or magnitude of interferon induction.
      Poly I - poly C administered iv induced low serum concentrations of interferon in
      24/38 trials (63%), but the correlation between drug dose and peak interferon
      titer was not linear. Poly I - poly C administered iv or im was not effective as
      an inducer of interferon in the cerebrospinal fluid. Similarly, poly I - poly C
      administered im or by inhalation did not produce detectable serum levels of
      interferon. No patients experienced an objective tumor response to the
      administration of poly I - poly C, and most (76%) had progression of their
      disease while receiving the drug.

PMID- 978772
TI  - Glycoproteins on the surface of neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Three neuroblastoma systems were used to define fucose-containing glycopeptides
      on the cell surface and to relate them to the phenotypic expressions of neuronal
      functions. These systems were a) clonal lines of mouse neuroblastoma C-1300, b)
      cell hybrids of mouse neuroblastoma and rat glioma, and c) human neuroblastomas,
      primary cells from the tumor, and cell lines. The results suggest that
      similarities exist in the membrane glycopeptides available at the surface of the
      mouse and human cells. It is proposed that these similarities correspond to the
      ability of the cells to perform the differentiated functions of neuronal cells or
      to exist as tumors. Based on analogy with other cell membranes, a schema is given
      for the structure of the membrane glycopeptides on the neuroblastoma cell.

PMID- 978773
TI  - Cell kinetics and chemotherapy in neuroblastoma.
AB  - The proliferative behavior of neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow was evaluated
      before and after perturbation by chemotherapy. The data presented indicated that
      the proliferating fraction of the tumor cells before therapy was small. In most
      of the patients, initial therapy with a non-cell-cycle specific agent increased
      the mitotic and labeling indices. If initial therapy was followed by a cell cycle
      specific agent, variable kinetic responses were observed. Although the number of
      patients was small and the follow-up was short, there was a correlation between
      the clinical response and the kinetic changes induced by the chemotherapy.
      Evaluation of cell kinetic changes during the initial course of chemotherapy
      might identify early those patients who are unlikely to have a good clinical
      response. Similar studies in the evaluation of new drugs to aid in identifying
      agents that favorably change cell kinetics and thus therapy for children with
      neuroblastoma was urged.

PMID- 978775
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation in children with neuroblastoma.
AB  - Using a simple fingerstick-whole blood technique, we demonstrated that patients
      with disseminated neuroblastoma have diminished lymphocyte responses to
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and that their sensitivity to antilymphocyte serum
      inhibition of PHA responses was increased over that of tumor-free controls. These
      altered immunologic reactivities led us to question the chronologic sequence
      between the occurrence of the tumor and the lymphocyte defect. Tumor-bearing
      patients had serum substances that exerted an inhibitory effect on the
      transformation responses of lymphocytes from unrelated normal individuals; these
      substances may be present in sera for long periods after the tumor is eliminated.

PMID- 978774
TI  - Immunotherapy and chemotherapy in children with neuroblastoma.
AB  - Recent advances with immunotherapy in animal tumors suggested that trials with a
      combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in human malignant tumors might be
      worthwhile. A pilot program with Vibrio cholera neuraminidase-treated tumor cells
      plus BCG was tested in 3 patients who had had chemotherapy for disseminated
      neuroblastoma. Two of these children were in "complete remission" after radiation
      therapy and chemotherapy before the administration of immunotherapy. Relapse
      occurred in 5-6 months in all 3 patients. These disappointing results are
      discussed in relation to problems of current chemotherapy in disseminated
      neuroblastoma including results obtained at second-look operations in patients
      obtaining "complete remission."

PMID- 978776
TI  - Reactions to dinitrochlorobenzene in patients with neuroblastoma and survival.
AB  - To determine the relationship of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to survival, I
      studied 67 children with the histologically confirmed diagnosis of neuroblastoma.
      CMI was measured by testing the ability of patients to develop sensitization to
      dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and to respond to challenge. Reactions at the
      challenge sites were considered positive only when induration and swelling were
      present. Ninety percent of the patients with localized neuroblastoma and 27% of
      those with disseminated neuroblastoma were DNCB reactive. This suggested that
      patients with DNCB-positive reactions have a better chance of survival than those
      who are DNCB negative. Some patients with disseminated disease were evaluated in
      longitudinal studies, and alterations in reactivity did occur with changes in
      disease status and/or chemotherapy. The suggestion was made that this test systme
      is potentially useful in estimating survival in children with neuroblastoma.

PMID- 978777
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in children with neuroblastoma.
AB  - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was assayed with a radioimmune procedure in
      27 healthy control children. The upper limit of plasma CEA (mean +2 SD) was
      derived from healthy controls and was 3.35 ng/ml. This value was compared with
      those obtained from 15 children with active neuroblastoma, 7 with active
      embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, 16 with treated neuroblastoma and without evidence of
      disease, 14 disease-free patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and 17
      patients still on therapy. The neuroblastoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
      patients with active disease had higher CEA values than did the successfully
      treated neuroblastoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma patients. CEA plasma values
      greater than 3.35 ng/ml were found in 35% and 24% of patiens with neuroblastoma
      and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively.

PMID- 978778
TI  - Recrudescence of neuroblastoma after apparent cure.
AB  - Many years after apparent cure recrudescence of neuroblastoma was reported in 2
      patients. In 1 patient, two recurrences occurred 5 and 10 years after apparent
      disappearance of tumor. Factors contributing to the extraordinary clinical course
      are unknown. Speculation rests on tumor characteristics, environmental
      influences, immunity, or the development of a second primary tumor.

PMID- 978779
TI  - Copper ferricyanide localization of photosystem II in glutaraldehyde fixed and
      unfixed chloroplasts.

PMID- 978780
TI  - [Mammalian pinealocytes. Differences, homologies, origin. Study in the adult mole
      (talpa europaea L.)].

PMID- 978781
TI  - Nuclear differentiation during the course of syncytiogenesis in mouse
      trophoblast.

PMID- 978782
TI  - Effects of nucleic acid specific dyes on centrioles of mammalian cells.

PMID- 978783
TI  - The perinuclear substance of boar, bull ram and rabbit spermatozoa.

PMID- 978784
TI  - The glycoprotein inner layer of glomerular capillary basement membrane as a
      filtration barrier.

PMID- 978785
TI  - Studies on the fine structure of cercarial tail muscle of Schistosoma sp.
      (Trematoda).

PMID- 978786
TI  - Oriented pattern of membrane-associated vesicles in fibroblasts.

PMID- 978787
TI  - Homologous interference of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: detection and
      measurement of interference focus-forming units.
AB  - Lymphocytic choriomeninigitis (LCM) virus defective interfering (DI) particles
      form foci of protected cells in a monolayer under an agarose-containing overlay
      medium. Foci originate from one cell dually infected with at least 1 interference
      focus-forming unit and infectious virus. As a result, an interfering factor is
      produced and released which interacts with neighboring cells, thereby protecting
      them against cytopathic lysis by challenge virus. The property of individual LCM
      virus DI particles to induce countable foci has been made the basis of
      quantitative assay that is comparable in every respect to the plaque assay of
      infectious virus and is much more sensitive and probably more accurate than other
      procedures used to measure LCM virus DI particles. LCM virus was passaged,
      undiluted, 10 times in cell cultures. When yields were analyzed as to
      concentrations of PFU and interference focus-forming units, both entities were
      found to fluctuate with the pattern expected from theoretical considerations.

PMID- 978788
TI  - Interaction of elongation factor 1 with aminoacylated brome mosaic virus and
      tRNA's.
AB  - Tyrosylated Brome mosaic virus RNA was found to interact with a binary complex of
      wheat germ, elongation factor 1 and [3H]GTP. Increasing amounts of the
      aminoacylated viral RNA proportionately reduced radioactivity bound to a
      nitrocellulose filter, as has previously been noted by others for the charged
      forms of tobacco mosaic virus, turnip yellow mosaic virus, and tRNA's. However,
      Sephadex chromatography of the products showed that instead of forming the
      ternary complex elongation factor-GTP-aminoacyl RNA, the viral RNA caused release
      of GTP from its complex with elongation factor. Acetylated tyrosyl Brome mosaic
      virus RNA did not react with the binary complex,and only a slight degree, if any,
      of stabilization of tyrosine bound to viral RNA was observed after interaction
      with elongation factor 1. Although such interactions are similar to the reaction
      of elongation factor with aminoacyl-tRNA , the release of GTP is different and
      accentuates the possible role for aminoacylation in transcription rather than in
      translation events.

PMID- 978789
TI  - Characterization of ribonucleoproteins and ribosomes isolated from lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus.
AB  - Disruption of purified lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus with Nonidet P-40
      in 0.5 M KCl followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation in 0.3 M KCl led to the
      isolation of two viral nucleoproteins (RNPs) as well as 40S and 60S ribosomal
      subunits. The largest viral RNP sedimented heterogenously at 123S to 148S and was
      associated with 23S and 31S viral RNA. The other viral RNP sedimented at 83S and
      was associated with 23S viral RNA. The buoyant density in CsCl was determined to
      be 1.32 g/cm3 for the viral RNP. Densities of 1.52 and 1.60 g/cm3 were determined
      for the 40S and 60S subunits, similar to those of the BHK-21 cells subunits
      dissociated by 0.5 M KCl. The viral RNPs were partly sensitive to RNase.

PMID- 978790
TI  - Genetic studies of coliphage P1. III. Extended genetic map.
AB  - An extensive genetic map of coliphage P1 has been constructed for 113 amber
      mutants, using primarily a modification of the conventional complementation spot
      test. These spot tests failed to classify the mutants into cistrons, but when
      they were quantitated they permitted assignment of the mutants into 10 linkage
      clusters. Furthermore, a linear order could be deduced for most of the mutants
      within each cluster. This strongly suggested that recombination was the
      predominant event generating plaques and that, for the practical purpose of rapid
      genetic mapping, such spot tests could be considered as a series of two-factor
      crosses. Six of the 10 linkage clusters correlated with the P1 genetic map
      established by Scott (1968). The locations of the remaining four clusters were
      determined by three-factor crosses and by prophage deletion mapping. The
      nonrandom occurrence of termini for 14 deletion prophages, which we established
      previously (Walker and Walker, 1975), and the coincidence of these termini with
      five out of ten regions demarcating the linkage clusters are discussed.
      Complementation tests in liquid frequently gave ambiguous results. Therefore,
      cistron designations were not assigned.

PMID- 978791
TI  - Selection and identification of influenza virus recombinants of defined genetic
      composition.
AB  - The RNAs of influenza virus recombinants were analyzed on polyacrylamide gels
      under conditions in which the derivation of specific RNA segments (including
      those coding for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) could be determined. Analysis
      of the RNAs of recombinant viruses with identical hemagglutinin and neuramindase
      revealed that the derivation of the remaining genes could be influenced by UV
      irradiation of one of the parent viruses. In five of seven such recombinants all
      of the remaining identifiable genes were derived from the nonirradiated parent,
      whereas in two others only the three largest RNA segments were derived from the
      nonirradiated parent. Analysis of the RNA pattern of a recombinant isolated from
      mixed infection in which neither parent was irradiated demonstrated a random
      mixture of RNA segments derived from the two parent viruses.

PMID- 978792
TI  - mRNA from the transforming segment of the adenovirus 2 genome in productively
      infected and transformed cells.
AB  - We have identified two mRNA species transcribed from the adenovirus 2 genome
      section (HindIII-G fragment) believed to harbor genes for initiation and
      maintenance of cell transformation. The HindIII-G fragment occupies the left 7.5%
      of the genome and is transcribed from left to right [poly(U:G) r strand]. Poly(A)
      terminated labeled mRNA was isolated from polyribosomes of adenovirus 2 early
      infected KB cells and from the transformed cell line 8617, hybridization purified
      using the HindIII-G fragment, and electrophoresed on formamide-polyacrylamide
      gels. Viral mRNA's of 24S (1.2 X 10(6) daltons) and 14S (4.5 X 10(5) daltons)
      were isolated from early infected cells and of 22S (1.0 X 10(6) daltons) and 14S
      from 8617 cells. Hybridization competition indicated that HindIII-G-specific mRNA
      was present in the polysomes at one-sixth the concentration late after infection
      as compared with early, indicating that the proteins coded by the transforming
      segment may be synthesized at reduced amounts during late stages. Only 1/10 the
      amount of RNA labeled late annealed to the G fragment as compared with that
      labeled early (per weight of RNA). Thus, synthesis of transforming gene mRNA is
      probably "turned off" late after infection. Both 24S (22S) and 14S mRNA's from
      infected and 8617 cells were complementary to the Hpa I-E fragment (left 4.1% of
      genome). The Hpa I-E fragment is too small to encode 24S and 14S species, which
      implies that the 5'-terminal regions of both species are coded by the same DNA
      sequences.

PMID- 978793
TI  - Size, subunit composition, and secondary structure of the Friend virus genome.
AB  - Electron microscope and gel electrophoresis studies show that the high-molecular
      weight (50 to 70S) RNA extract from Friend virus (FV) is a dimer with the same
      basic structure previously observed for the RNAs from RD-114 virus, baboon virus,
      and woolly monkey virus. This observation greatly strengthens the inference that
      the dimer structure is a general characteristic of the RNAs of all mammalian type
      C viruses. The FV dimer is slightly less stable than the RNA dimer of woolly
      monkey virus, which is, in turn, much less stable than those of RD-114 and baboon
      virus. There are three FV monomer components, small (S), medium (M), and large
      (L), with molecular lengths of 6.7 +/- 0.6, 7.7 +/- 0.6, and 9.5 +/- 0.6
      kilobases, respectively. There are approximately equal amounts of the S and M
      components and much less of the L component. Most of the dimers are homodimers
      (SS, MM, and LL). The frequency of heterodimers (SM, SL, ML) is much less than
      expected for a random assortment model.

PMID- 978794
TI  - Multiplication of parvovirus LuIII in a synchronized culture system. IV.
      Association of viral structural polypeptides with the host cell chromatin.
AB  - Newly synthesized structural polypeptides of parvovirus LuIII, VP1 (62,000
      daltons) and VP2 (74,000 daltons), were detected in nuclei of synchronized,
      infected HeLa cells at 11 to 12 h postinfection, i.e., after cells had passed
      through the S phase of the cell cycle. At this time, most of intranuclear viral
      polypeptides were associated with the chromatin acidic proteins. However, 13 to
      14 h postinfection, about one-third of intranuclear VP1 and VP2 also could be
      extracted in the fraction containing nuclear sap proteins. According to pulse
      chase experiments, VP1 and VP2 accumulated in the chromatin with a time lag of 20
      to 30 min. About 90% of these chromatin-associated viral polypeptides represented
      empty viral capsids. In addition, chromatin prepared at 14 h postinfection
      contained 90 to 95% of the total intranuclear viral 16S replicative-form DNA.
      Since viral replicative-form DNA and empty viral capsids seem to be associated
      specifically with cellular chromatin, we assume that this subnuclear structure is
      the site of the synthesis of progeny viral DNA and the formation of complete
      virions.

PMID- 978795
TI  - Read-through proteins of group 4 RNA bacteriophages TW19 and TW28.
AB  - Group 4 phages TW19 and TW28 of Escherichia coli possess a "read-through" (IIb)
      protein, although group 2 phage GA does not. This may have implications
      concerning the evolution and classification of RNA phages.

PMID- 978797
TI  - Mapping of two isoleucine tRNA isoacceptor genes in bacteriophage T5 DNA.
AB  - T5 bacteriophage codes for the synthesis of more than 14 different tRNA species,
      which map in four separate clusters in the C segment of the T5 chromosome. In
      this study, two tRNAile isoacceptor species have been identified by reverse-phase
      chromatography and shown to be transcribed from two different tRNA loci along the
      T5 chromosome. The map positions of the tRNA isoacceptors were aided by the use
      of several T5 deletion mutants in which the position and size of the deleted DNA
      segments had been previously determined by heteroduplex mapping. Hybridization
      analysis suggests the presence of some sequence homology between the two tRNAile
      species.

PMID- 978796
TI  - Recombination and complementation between temperature-sensitive mutants of a
      Bunyavirus, snowshoe hare virus.
AB  - Complementation and recombination have been observed with temperature-sensitive
      mutants of Bunyavirus snowshoe hare virus.

PMID- 978798
TI  - Multiple methylated cap sequences in adenovirus type 2 early mRNA.
AB  - The methylated constituents of early adenovirus 2 mRNA were studied. RNA was
      isolated from polyribosomes of cells double labeled with [methyl-3H]methionine
      and 32PO4 from 2 to 7 g postinfection in the presence of cycloheximide.
      Cycloheximide ensures that methylation and processing are performed by
      preexisting host cell enzymes. RNA was fractionated into polyadenylic [poly(A)]+
      and poly(A)- molecules using poly(U)-Sepharose, and undergraded virus-specific
      RNA was isolated by hybridization to viral DNA in 50% formamide at 37 degrees C.
      Viral mRNA was digested with RNase T2 and chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex in 7 M
      urea. Two 3H-labeled RNase T2-resistant oligonucleotide fractions with charges
      between -5 and -6 were obtained, consistent with two classes of 5' terminal
      methyl "cap" structures, m7G(5')ppp(5')NmpNp (cap 1) and m7G(5')ppp(5')NmNmpNp
      (cap 2) (Nm is a ribose 2'-O-methylation). The putative cap 1 contains all the
      methylated constituents of cap 1 plus Cm. The molar ratios of m7G to 2'-O
      methylnucleosides is about 1.0 for cap 1 and 0.5 for cap 2, consistent with the
      proposed cap structures. Most significant, compositional analysis indicates four
      different cap 1 structures and at least three different cap 2 structures. Thus
      there is a minimum of seven early viral mRNA species with different cap
      structures, unless each type of mRNA can have more than one 5' terminus. In
      addition to methylated caps, early mRNA contains internal base methylations,
      exclusively as m6A, as shown by analyses of the mononucleotide (-2 charge)
      fraction. m6A was present in the ratio of 1 mol of m6Ap per 450 nucleotides. Thus
      viral mRNA molecules contain two to three internal m6A residues per methyl cap,
      since there is on the average 1 cap per 1,250 nucleotides.

PMID- 978799
TI  - Replication of semliki forest virus: polyadenylate in plus-strand RNA and
      polyuridylate in minus-strand RNA.
AB  - The 42S RNA from Semliki Forest virus contains a polyadenylate [poly(A)] sequence
      that is 80 to 90 residues long and is the 3'-terminus of the virion RNA. A
      poly(A) sequence of the same length was found in the plus strand of the
      replicative forms (RFs) and replicative intermediates (RIs) isolated 2 h after
      infection. In addition, both RFs and RIs contained a polyuridylate [poly(U)]
      sequence. No poly(U) was found in virion RNA, and thus the poly(U) sequence is in
      minus-strand RNA. The poly(U) from RFs was on the average 60 residues long,
      whereas that isolated from the RIs was 80 residues long. Poly(U) sequences
      isolated from RFs and RIs by digestion with RNase T1 contained 5'-phosphorylated
      pUp and ppUp residues, indicating that the poly(U) sequence was the 5'-terminus
      of the minus-strand RNA. The poly(U) sequence in RFs or RIs was free to bind to
      poly(A)-Sepharose only after denaturation of the RNAs, indicating that the
      poly(U) was hydrogen bonded to the poly(A) at the 3'-terminus of the plus-strand
      RNA in these molecules. When treated with 0.02 mug of RNase A per ml, both RFs
      and RIs yielded the same distribution of the three cores, RFI, RFII, and RFIII.
      The minus-strand RNA of both RFI and RFIII contained a poly(U) sequence. That
      from RFII did not. It is known that RFI is the double-stranded form of the 42S
      plus-strand RNA and that RFIII is the experimetnally derived double-stranded form
      of 26S mRNA. The poly(A) sequences in each are most likely transcribed directly
      from the poly(U) at the 5'-end of the 42S minus-strand RNA. The 26S mRNA thus
      represents the nucleotide sequence in that one-third of the 42S plus-strand RNA
      that includes its 3'-terminus.

PMID- 978801
TI  - Nature of the single-stranded DNA in replicating adenovirus type 5 DNA.
AB  - Single-stranded regions in replicating adenovirus type 5 DNA were isolated and
      hybridized in solution to the separated strands of adenovirus 2 or 5 DNA. The
      results showed that the two strands of adenovirus 5 DNA are exposed to almost the
      same extent during replication, suggesting that displacement synthesis may start
      from either end of the viral DNA.

PMID- 978800
TI  - Genome expression and mRNA maturation at late stages of productive adenovirus
      type 2 infection.
AB  - RNA from adenovirus 2-infected KB cells was annealed in liquid with RNA in vast
      excess to viral heavy (l) and light (r) 32P-labeled DNA strands. Hybridization
      kinetics were analyzed by computer to estimate the number of viral RNA abundance
      classes, their relative concentrations, and the fraction of each DNA strand from
      which they originated. Early whole cell RNA extracted 5 h postinfection annealed
      rapidly to 10 to 15% of l and r strands and then slowly to final values of 60 and
      40% of l and r strands. By 9 h postinfection the expression of late genes was
      apparent and whole cell RNA annealed to 20 and 75% of l and r strands. Whole cell
      RNA extracted between 12 and 36 h postinfection annealed to 7 to 15% and 75 to
      90% of l and r strands. Late nuclear RNA hybridized to 10 and 90% of l and r
      strands, and late polyribosomal RNA hybridized to 20 and 75% of l and r strands.
      Based upon kinetic analyses, we estimate that mRNA synthesized exclusively during
      late stages arises from about 6 to 8% and 45 to 49% of l and r strands. This
      assumes that the early class I mRNA (in low concentration late) originates from 8
      to 10% and 6 to 10% of l and r strands and that early class II mRNA (in high
      concentration late) is derived from 2% and 8 to 13% of l and r strands. Mixing
      experiments indicated that early mRNA is a subset of RNA extracted from
      polyribosomes late after infection and that late nuclear RNA contains sequences
      complementary to early l strand class I nRNA. RNA-RNA hybrids were isolated from
      late mRNA containing sequences from 60% of l and r strands, but it is not known
      when these were synthesized, and therefore whether complementary RNA transcripts
      are synthesized late after infection, as they are known to be synthesized early.
      These results demonstrate that portions of the genome are transcribed into RNA
      sequences that remain confined to the nucleus and are not exported to
      polyribosomes as mRNA.

PMID- 978802
TI  - Hypernephroma in the solitary kidney: experience with 20 cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Twenty patients with renal cell carcinoma in anatomically or functionally
      solitary kidneys were treated and followed for up to 18 years. Factors pertinent
      to management and survival of these patients and 66 other well documented similar
      patients reported in the literature are analyzed. Most of the patients were
      unusually young and a significant number had had nephrectomy for contralateral
      renal cell carcinoma. Survival was closely related to the earlier presence of
      malignant disease in the other kidney, the duration of the interval between
      detection of the 2 neoplasms and the stage of the lesion in the solitary kidney.
      Partial nephrectomy has been the most successful treatment. The mean survival in
      the Mayo Clinic series has been 6 years for patients still alive and 2.4 years
      for those dead at the time of this analysis. Results in this and other series
      emphasize the importance of thorough long-term followup after nephrectomy for
      hypernephroma and of aggressive therapy when the remaining kidney becomes
      involved. It is foolhardy to abandon hope merely because there is a malignant
      tumor in a solitary kidney.

PMID- 978803
TI  - Vesicoureteral reflux and end stage renal disease.
AB  - Thirty per cent of 50 consecutive patients with end stage renal disease were
      found to have vesicoureteral reflux. This finding is at variance with the usually
      published etiologies of end stage renal disease. Forty per cent of the patients
      with reflux had no history to suggest the presence of this entity. The clinical
      importance of reflux in the post-transplant period as well as its possible
      etiologic role in end stage renal disease is discussed.

PMID- 978804
TI  - The surgical fate of ureteral calculi: review of Mayo Clinic experience.
AB  - A review of 1,061 patients who underwent ureterolithotomy of transurethral
      manipulation revealed 2 factors that are important to consider; 1) the
      roentgenographic size of the calculi measured at the largest diameter and 2) the
      location of the calculus. These 2 facotrs in addition to the general medical
      condition of the patient, the duration of severity of symptoms and the status of
      the upper urinary tract provide suitable guide lines for individual management of
      ureteral calculi.

PMID- 978805
TI  - Gunshot wounds of the ureter: a 15-year review of 63 consecutive cases.
AB  - We reviewed 63 consecutive cases of gunshot wounds of the ureter seen during a 15
      year period. The importance of prompt recognition and aggressive surgical
      management is emphasized, with particular attention being placed on adequate
      debridement and spatulated splinted watertight ureteroureterostomy. Our
      philosophy of management for individual injuries is discussed along with our
      complications and results. This series is the largest reported to date of
      ureteral gunshot wounds.

PMID- 978806
TI  - Idiopathic rupture of the bladder.
AB  - Non-traumatic spontaneous rupture of the otherwise normal bladder is a rare
      occurrence. The literature is reviewed and 4 new cases are reported. Experimental
      data are presented and a theory is reviewed regarding the frequent
      intraperitoneal location of the rupture. The frequent paucity of symptoms
      compared to the high mortality rate is stressed.

PMID- 978807
TI  - Urine cytology in the detection of bladder tumor recurrence.
AB  - Of 118 patients with primary bladder tumors seen since 1966, 73 have been
      followed with urine cytology since 1969. Of the 406 tests there have been 85
      positive, 296 negative and 25 ambiguous reports. The incidence of falsely
      positive results is estimated at 4% but the incidence of falsely negative results
      cannot be assessed in this study. Currently, 51 patients are living, 2 of whom
      had been seen in 1966. Of the 51 patients 43 are being followed with urine
      cytology. Bimonthly urine cytology has been found to be a relaible, convenient,
      safe, less hazardous and less costly method for the detection of bladder tumor
      recurrence.

PMID- 978808
TI  - Partial cystectomy in the treatment of primary and secondary carcinoma of the
      bladder.
AB  - We reviewed 50 patients who had undergone partial cystectomy for primary
      carcinoma of the bladder. Specific indications and operative technique are
      discussed. The 5-year survival rate was 67% for patients with stages O and A
      disease, 53% for stage B and 20% for stages C and D1. Survival was improved for
      patients with tumors on the posterior bladder wall. Patients in whom free margins
      of resection were accomplished for unifocal disease had longer survival, with a
      diminished propensity for developing recurrent bladder cancer. There was no
      hospital mortality and postoperative complications were minimal. An additional 12
      patients underwent partial cystectomy for adjacent carcinomas secondarily
      invading the bladder with less favorable results.

PMID- 978809
TI  - Non-invasive papillary carcinoma of the bladder associated with carcinoma in
      situ.
AB  - We evaluated 129 patients with low grade, low stage transitional cell carcinoma
      of the bladder with a minimum followup of 5 years. In addition to the phenomena
      recognized as indicators of a serious clinical problem (grade greater than I,
      rapid recurrence, multiple tumors and lamina propria invasion) the identification
      of carcinoma in situ and/or atypia in normal, incidentally resected mucosa
      adjacent to the tumor was found to be a positive predictor for subsequent muscle
      invasion. Ten of 12 patients with carcinoma in situ and 9 of 25 patients with
      atypia were among 39 who experienced invasion.

PMID- 978810
TI  - Treatment of urethral syndrome with triamcinolone acetonide.
AB  - A new method for the treatment of the urethral syndrome is presented. Therapy
      involves the submucosal injection of triamcinolone acetonide around Skene's
      glands to decrease inflammation and scarring. It is a simple office procedure,
      while all other therapeutic modalities are surgical.

PMID- 978811
TI  - Congenital anomalies associated with hypospadias.
AB  - We did a retrospective survey on 200 patients with hypospadias to determine what
      other congenital anomalies were present. The 56 patients with associated
      anomalies included 16 who had abnormal excretory urograms and 10 of these 16
      patients had defects requiring surgical correction.

PMID- 978812
TI  - Urological care of patients with acute spinal cord injury using tidal drainage.
AB  - The function of urological care of patients with spinal cord injuries is is 3
      fold: 1) prevention of complications until the bladder has recovered, 2) surgical
      and medical intervention when recovery is not spontaneous and 3) diagnosis and
      treatment of complications and/or sequelae. Tidal drainage in these patients is
      easy, convenient, economical, and readily available and adaptable for use at any
      institution.

PMID- 978813
TI  - Altered bladder function and non-specific epididymitis.
AB  - Disorders of bladder function characterized by physiological urethral obstruction
      were identified in nearly 50% of patients with non-specific epididymitis and
      anatomically normaly urinary tracts. This association supports the concept that
      reflux of urine into the ejaculatory ducts may occur and produce epididymitis.
      The pathophysiology of retrograde urination is reviewed and the predisposing
      conditions are discussed.

PMID- 978814
TI  - The Doppler stethoscope and the diagnosis of the acute scrotum.
AB  - We evaluated 30 patients who had acute scrotal swelling with the Doppler
      stethoscope. Every case of epididymitis and torsion of the appendix testis
      demonstrated an increased testicular blood flow. The cases of spermatic cord
      torsion had no blood flow on ultrasound examination.

PMID- 978815
TI  - The effects of urine on the viability and activity of lymphocytes.
AB  - Circulating lymphocytes were incubated for 72 hours in either pure culture medium
      or a medium-urine mixture in the presence of phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A
      or pokeweed mitogen, and assayed for blastogenesis and viability. The amount and
      osmolality of the urine were varied. Between 80 and 90 per cent of the cells
      remained viable during the entire study despite the culture mixture. If 50
      percent of the culture was replaced by urine at an osmolality of 150, 300 or 500
      mOsm, a severe but uniform depression of lymphocyte activity was seen. However,
      if only 25 percent or less of the medium was replaced by urine at 300 mOsm, the
      cells stimulated as well as they did in pure medium.

PMID- 978816
TI  - Neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in patients with lesions of
      the cauda equina and conus medullaris.
AB  - Bladder and urethral function was studied in 21 patients with lesions of the
      cauda equina or conus medullaris using gas cystometry, integrated sphincter
      electromyography, uroflowmetry and computer assisted measurement of detrusor and
      urethral innervation. An areflexic cystometrogram, impaired electromyographic
      sphincter activity and delayed reflex-evoked potentials from stimulation of the
      detrusor muscle and urethra were the most consistent indicators of lesions of the
      conus medullaris and/oather than the ice water test is suggested.

PMID- 978817
TI  - A catheter withdrawing apparatus for clinical urethral pressure profile studies.
AB  - An apparatus for withdrawing a urethral catheter at a constant speed is
      described. The motor and the puller assembly are separate components so that the
      puller assembly can be autoclaved. By matching pulling speed to recorder chart
      speed a reproducible representation of urethral length can be obtained without
      using a displacement transducer. The apparatus has been used clinically for
      measuring urethral pressure profiles.

PMID- 978818
TI  - Complications of vesicoureteral operations from incoordination of micturition.
AB  - Recently, a study was made of 8 boys with complications after corrective surgical
      procedures for dysfunction of the voiding mechanism. One of these patients
      already had been subjected to irreversible diversion before the basic disorder
      was recognized but the majority was treated with suggestion (often with hypnosis)
      as well as with drugs affecting the smooth muscle (1 adolescent was too hostile
      to accept treatment). Because the bladder was dysfunctional, the operations
      either failed or sequelae persisted until measures such as suggestion,
      hypnotherapy and retraining reversed the incoordination of micturition. Operation
      or reoperation in 5 children might not have been necessary if bladder
      coordination had been established earlier. The case of boys with poor urinary
      control but free of neurologic stigmas are suspect. If they require an operation
      for repair of congenital urinary defects such as reflux, equal attention must be
      paid to psychologic and habit patterns causing bladder dysfunction. Otherwise,
      the operation is done essentially into a neurogenic bladder. It is concluded that
      psychologically conditioned incoordination of voiding may alone produce mid and
      upper tract damage. The cases of boys with problems of urinary control not
      explained by neurologic or anatomic defects should be suspected and corrective
      surgical procedures may fail if bladder dysfunction is not corrected by
      retraining, suggestion and even hypnotherapy.

PMID- 978819
TI  - Calcified solitary renal cyst in childhood.
AB  - There is a 20% incidence of malignancy in renal masses with rim calcification in
      adults. A case of rim calcification in a solitary renal cyst in a child is
      presented and the diagnostic approach and surgical management are described.
      Solitary renal cysts are extremely rare in children, with no reported cases of
      rim calcification.

PMID- 978820
TI  - Hypertension and post-traumatic renal arteriovenous fistula: demonstration of
      unilaterally elevated renin secretion.
AB  - Ipsilateral elevation and contralateral suppression of renin secretion have been
      established in a patient with a post-traumatic renal arteriovenous fistula
      associated with diastolic hypertension. This finding is rare because of the
      dilutional effect of arterial blood shunted in the renal vein. Increased renin
      secretion in this instance supports the proposed mechanism of diastolic
      hypertension with renal arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 978821
TI  - Anatomical variation of the renal veins with varicosity presenting as pseudotumor
      of the kidney.
AB  - Multiple renal veins opening separately into the inferior vena cava are rare,
      particularly in the left kidney. To my knowledge there have been no reports of
      this anatomical variation in the radiologic or urologic literature.

PMID- 978822
TI  - Acute pyelonephritis simulating poorly vascularized renal neoplasm. Non
      specificity of angiographic criteria.
AB  - A case of acute pyelonephritis associated with venous encasement and amputation
      is described. Although venous encasement and amputation have been considered
      previously as specific signs of malignancy, it is now clear that these signs are
      non-specific, occurring also in inflammatory diseases of the kidney.

PMID- 978823
TI  - Hemangioma of the kidney.

PMID- 978824
TI  - Inverted papilloma of the renal pelvis.
AB  - A case of an apparently benign urothelial tumor of the renal pelvis is reported.
      Morphologically, the lesion resembles an inverted papilloma. An article
      summarizing the findings in 28 of these tumors occurring in the bladder is
      quoted.

PMID- 978825
TI  - Bilateral simulataneous kidney tumors of dissimilar cell type: a case report with
      emphasis on operative approach.
AB  - The first reported case of bilateral, simultaneous renal tumors of dissimilar
      cell type treated in a living patient is presented. The operative approach is
      outlined to support single in situ operative procedures in young patients. A
      second look laparotomy at 1 year and a creatinine clearance of 60 ml. per minute
      at 2 years substantiate our enthusiasm for this approach to bilateral renal
      lesions.

PMID- 978826
TI  - Filling defects in the renal pelvis and ureter owing to bleeding secondary to
      acquired circulating anticoagulants.
AB  - A case of transient filling defects in the renal pelves and ureters, secondary to
      spontaneously occurring acquired anticoagulants, is presented. The relationship
      of this entity to hemophilia, immunologic disorders, such as systemic lupus
      erythematosis, and normal post partum patients is discussed. The differential
      diagnosis for filling defects in the renal pelvis is reviewed.

PMID- 978827
TI  - Endometriosis of the ureter.

PMID- 978828
TI  - Ureteral obstruction owing to endometriosis: reversal with synthetic progestin.
AB  - A case of unilateral ureteral obstruction owing to extensive pelvic endometriosis
      is presented. There was complete resolution of ureteral obstruction following
      treatment with synthetic progestin. Sequential assessment of renal function was
      provided by renal imaging and renograms. It would appear that selected patients
      with obstructive uropathy may respond favorably to medical management, which
      would allow for preservation of reproductive capabilities and restoration of
      renal excretory function.

PMID- 978829
TI  - Retroperitoneal fibroxanthosarcoma: report of a case.

PMID- 978830
TI  - Epispadias associated with phimosis.
AB  - proximal to the coronal sulcus-proximal to the cornarl sulcus

PMID- 978831
TI  - Torsion of scrotal testis in a persistent processus vaginalis.
AB  - A case of an unusual association between hernia and testicular infarction, namely
      torsion of a normally descended testis within a persistent processus vaginalis,
      is presented. The advantages of the inguinal ingulinal approach for the
      exploration of suspected torsion are discussed. Although an operation was
      performed more than 30 hours after the onset of symptoms the testicle was viable
      and recovered.

PMID- 978832
TI  - Klinefelter's syndrome and extragenital seminoma.
AB  - An extragenital metastatic seminoma in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome is
      described. The increased incidence of many types of malignancies in patients with
      this chromosomal abnormality and the increased susceptibility of XXY cells to
      transformation by oncogenic SV-40 virus are discussed. A relationship is
      suggested circumstantially by these observations.

PMID- 978833
TI  - Hemangioma of the testis in an infant.
AB  - Testicular tumors in infants and children are rare and most of them are
      malignant. Embryonal carcinoma is the most common childhood neoplasm, while
      seminoma is predominantly found in adults. Hemangioma of the testis is an
      extremely rare tumor, only 2 cases having been reported in infants.

PMID- 978834
TI  - A new biological assay method for histamine-sensitizing factor using survival
      time as a response.
AB  - A new biological assay method using survival time of mice as a graded response
      after histamine challenge has been developed for the histamine-sensitizing factor
      of pertussis bacilli. The method is relatively precise and reproducible in
      estimation and fairly sensitive in the validity tests of biological assay. Effect
      of endotoxin on the estimation by the proposed method was also investigated in
      case the method is applied to the control test of pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 978835
TI  - Studies on delayed-type hypersensitivity to hen egg-white lysozyme. I. Peptide
      fragments of lysozyme inducing delayed-type hypersensitivity.
AB  - Eleven peaks were separated by Carboxymethyl-cellulose column chromatography of
      peptic digest of lysozyme. Being stronger in antigenic activity two peaks of
      them, P-3 and P-9, were selected and purified further respectively by Amberlite
      IRC-50 and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. As the results, PP-3 and PP-9
      were obtained each as a single peak. For estimation of their capacities to induce
      delayed-type hypersensitivity, the antigen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation,
      the migration inhibition of peritoneal cells and the delayed-type skin reaction
      were tested in guinea pigs immunized with native lysozyme or any of its
      fractions. PP-9 was almost as active as intact lysozyme in these capacities. On
      the other hand, PP-3 showed a slight inhibition of migration of peritoneal cells
      and no stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the lymph node cells.
      Moreover, the delayed-type skin reaction elicited by PP-3 was always weaker than
      that elicited by PP-9. Guinea pigs immunized with either PP-3 or PP-9 were also
      tested for these reactions. PP-9 and native lysozyme elicited these reactions in
      guinea pigs immunized with PP-9, but PP-3 did not. On the other hand, PP-3 and
      lysozyme elicited these reactions in those immunized with PP-3, but PP-9 did not.
      The possibility of recognition of two functionally different areas, one for
      production of the circulating antibody and the other for induction of delayed
      type hypersensitivity, on the lysozyme molecule was discussed.

PMID- 978836
TI  - Infectivity of a multiploid-forming mutant of western equine encephalitis virus.

PMID- 978837
TI  - Biological activities of endotoxins from Yersinia enterocolitica.
AB  - The chemical properties and the general biological activities of
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Boivin-type endotoxin obtained respectively by
      phenol-water and trichloroacetic acid extraction from Yersinia enterocolitica
      serotypes O3 and O9 were studied. The yield of LPS from the O9 strain was about
      10% of the O3 strain possibly because of the lower solubility of O9-LPS in
      aqueous phase. However, the chemical composition of O9-LPS was similar to that of
      O3-LPS in the proportions of reducing sugar, glucosamine, heptose, KDO, and lipid
      A. In pyrogenicity and local Shwartzman reactivity in rabbits and lethality for
      mice, there was also no difference between O3 and O9-LPS. The anthrone-positive
      carbohydrate and lipid A contents of Boivin-type endotoxin from O3 were higher
      than those of the endotoxin from O9. The biological activities of Boivin-type
      endotoxin from O3 were also remarkably higher than those of the endotoxin from
      O9. It seems that endotoxin of Y. enterocolitica serotype O3 may play an
      important role in infection by this organism.

PMID- 978838
TI  - Tolerance and other biological properties of Vibrio parahaemolyticus endotoxins.
AB  - Biological properties of endotoxins prepared from three strains of Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus were compared with reference to commercially prepared Salmonella
      typhi endotoxin. Endotoxin assays performed in rabbits included dermal Shwartzman
      reactivity, pyrogenicity, heat stability, and ability to induce tolerance as well
      as cross-tolerance. Mice were used for endotoxin LD50 determinations. Results
      showed V. parahaemolyticus endotoxins were similar to that of S. typhi strain
      O901. Induction of tolerance to V. parahaemolyticus strain 11590 endotoxin
      resulted in complete cross-tolerance to S. typhi endotoxin, and vice versa.
      Partial cross-tolerance to S. typhi endotoxin was demonstrated with rabbits
      rendered tolerant to endotoxin from V. parahaemolyticus strains Sak-3 and FC1011.
      Absorption spectra, nitrogen, phosphorus and carbohydrate analyses revealed
      additional similarities between endotoxins from V. parahaemolyticus and endotoxin
      from a member of the Enterbacteriaceae.

PMID- 978839
TI  - Inhibition of rat dental caries by dextranase from a strain of Spicaria violacea.
AB  - Dextranase AD17 obtained from a culture liquor of a strain of Spicaria violacea
      was assessed for its ability to inhibit the development of dental caries in
      conventional Sprague-Dawley rats which had been infected with one of the
      Streptococcus mutans strains. MT6R (serotype c), OMZ 176R (d), or MT-703R (e).
      These experiments showed that caries was significantly inhibited when rats were
      given cariogenic diets No. 2000 and drinking water containing AD17 at a
      concentration of 10 units/g, as compared to control rats not given dextranase.
      The inhibitory effects of AD17 were more prominent in smooth surface caries than
      in total caries. AD17 had a tendency to retard both the establishment of
      inoculated S. mutans and plaque deposition on tooth surfaces. However, S. mutans
      could be implanted in the rat oral cavity after repeated inoculation of the
      bacteria, even in the presence of AD17. These results suggest that the anticaries
      activity of AD17 is due to not only inhibition of adherence of S. mutans cells on
      tooth surfaces but also to physiochemical changes of dental plaque formed under
      the enzymatic action of AD17. Preliminary histophatological examination showed
      that AD17 had no significant toxicity in rats.

PMID- 978840
TI  - Studies on the persistent infection of measles virus in HeLa (HeLa/MV) cells. VI.
      Electron microscopic observation of HeLa/MV cells.

PMID- 978841
TI  - Properties of Mycobacterium smegmatis freshly isolated from soil.

PMID- 978842
TI  - Conditions for normal distribution of matching coefficients involved in a cluster
      in numerical classification.

PMID- 978843
TI  - Attainment and stability of the performance in differential low rate water
      reinforcement in rats.
AB  - The establishment and stability of the behavioral baseline for rats in relation
      to the schedule of differential reinforcement of low rate under water reinforcer
      (DRL 20 sec for water) were studied, with the following results: When the DRL
      value was gradually stepped up from 1 sec to 20 sec with the advance of the
      sessions from 1to 16, the establishment of the behavioral baseline was slower
      than when DRL 20 sec was applied from the start. The establishment of the
      baseline was clearly accelerated by the prolongation of the length of time for
      training in one session from 60 min to 120 min. The baseline remained highly
      stable without being affected by the intermittent administration (2-3 times a
      week) of methamphetamine and diazepam, each in doses from 0.06 to 1.0 mg/kg, and
      of caffeine and pentobarbital, each in doses from 1.2 to 20 mg/kg, or by the
      discontinuation of the test from 1 to 15 days. However, during the retraining
      period following the test discontinuation it was found that the baseline
      fluctuated for a long time due to the elimination of water deprivation. The
      baseline stability, once established, could be maintained through about 300 daily
      sessions, with only a slight dependence on the change in environmental conditions
      such as humidity, temperature, and the season.

PMID- 978844
TI  - Fentanyl and tooth pulp evoked responses in the spinal trigeminal nucleus
      caudalis region.
AB  - Electrical activities evoked by tooth pulp stimulation were recorded in the
      subnucleus caudalis region of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the action of
      fentanyl, a short-acting narcotic, on these activities was investigated in the
      alpha-cholinergic anesthetized cat. Fentanyl (20 to 40 mug/kg i.v.) depressed the
      first peak and potentiated the second one of negative potentials evoked by pulp
      stimulation in the border area betaeen the nucleus proprius (Pr) and the lateral
      reticular formation (LRF). Neurons, whose responses to pulp stimulation were
      depressed by fentanyl, were also predominantly localized in this region. Pulp
      induced monophasic negative potential and spike discharges in the more ventro
      medial portion of the LRF were not affected by fentanyl. The effect of fentanyl
      on cells in the marginal zone varied from unit to unit. The selective action of
      fentanyl on neurons in the border area between the Pr and the LRF may partially
      explain the analgesic action of fentanyl.

PMID- 978845
TI  - Effects of indomethacin and the other anti-inflammatory agents on activation of
      dorsal horn cell in the spinal cord induced by intra-arterial injection of
      bradykinin.
AB  - Bradykinin (1-2 mug) injected into the femoral artery of the rabbit induced a
      marked increase in the firing rates of the dorsal horn cells (lamina V cells).
      This response was markedly inhibited by intravenous administration of
      indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg), acetylsalicyclic acid (20 mg/kg), aminopyrine (50
      mg/kg) and oxyphenbutazone (20 mg/kg) in both intact and spinal preparations.
      Moreover, the intra-arterial injection of these agents depressed the response in
      lower doses. With these same low doses, no significant suppression occurred when
      the intravenous route was used. These results indicate that indomethacin and
      other anti-inflammatory agents tested suppress the bradykinin-induced response of
      the dorsal horn cell at the periphery, probably at the paravascular sensory
      nerve.

PMID- 978846
TI  - Inhibition of thalamic and hypothalamic somatosensory evoked potentials by
      stimulation of substantia nigra and its modification by morphine and
      methotrimeprazine (levomepromazine).
AB  - A brief electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra induced a marked and long
      lasting inhibition of the somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the
      centrum medianum of the thalamus (CM) and posterior hypothalamic area (PHA)
      following sciatic stimulation in unanesthetized rabbits. The nigral inhibitory
      effect on CM was prolonged by the administration of morphine (4 mg/kg i.v.) but
      not influenced by that of methotrimeprazine (2-4 mg/kg i.v.). In contrast, the
      nigral inhibitory effect on PHA was enhanced by the injection of
      methotrimeprazine (2 mg/kg i.v.), but not changed by that of morphine (4 mg/kg
      i.v.). These results indicate that the inhibitory system originating from the
      substantia nigra operates on the somatosensory transmissions from the peripheral
      nerve to the thalamus and hypothalamus, and that morphine or methotrimeprazine in
      small doses induced a selective potentiation of the nigral inhibitory influence
      on the thalamus or hypothalamus, respectively.

PMID- 978847
TI  - Centrally mediated cardiovascular effects of intracisternal application of
      carbachol in anesthetized rats.
AB  - The pressor response to the intracisternal (i.c.) injection of carbachol (1 mug)
      in anesthetized rats was analyzed. This response was significantly reduced by the
      intravenous (i.v.) injection of guanethidine (5 mg), hexamethonium (10 mg) or
      phentolamine (5 mg), and conversely, potentiated by i.v. desmethylimipramine (0.3
      mg), while propranolol (0.5 mg) i.v. selectively inhibited the enlargement of
      pulse pressure and the tachycardia following i.c. carbachol (1 mug). On the other
      hand, the pressor response to i.c. carbachol (1 mug) was almost completely
      blocked by i.c. atropine (3 mug) or hexamethonium (500 mug), and significantly
      reduced by i.c. chlorpromazine (50 mug) but significantly potentiated by i.c.
      desmethylimipramine (30 mug). The pressor response to i.c. carbachol (1 mug)
      remained unchanged after sectioning of the bilateral cervical vagal nerves but
      disappeared after sectioning of the spinal cord (C7-C8). From the above result it
      is suggested that the pressor response to i.c. carbachol ortral and peripheral
      adrenergic mechanisms, and that the sympathetic trunk is the main pathway.

PMID- 978848
TI  - Effect of anoxia on isotonic shortening induced by high-K medium in rat uterus.
AB  - The effect of anoxia on the shortening induced by high-K medium was investigated
      in isolated rat uterus. The shortening induced by high-K medium was maintained
      for 75 min or more under normoxia in the initial load (0.35 g). Under normoxia 1,
      2, 2.5, and 3 g load to the uterus reduced the maximum shortening induced by high
      K medium to 93, 65, 18 and 3%, respectively. Under anoxia the high-K-induced
      shortening in the initial load was not so affected and it was maintained at least
      for 60 min. However, against 0.7 and 1 g load to the uterus, the maximum
      shortening reduced greatly to 14 and 13% under anoxia. Effects of anoxia on the
      shortenings induced by high-K medium in guinea pigs taenia coli and longitudinal
      muscle from ileum were also studied. Our observations support the theory that the
      shortening of the light loaded muscle under anoxia is maintained by only a little
      force and the muscle may not be so dependent on metabolic energy.

PMID- 978849
TI  - Age-dependence of the chronotropic response to noradrenaline, acetylcholine and
      transmural stimulation in isolated rabbit atria.
AB  - The chonotropic response to noradrenaline, tyramine, acetylcholine and transmural
      electrical stimulation was compared in atria isolated from rabbits at different
      stages of developmental after birth (day 2 to day 210). Pacemaker rates
      understeady state conditions were related inversely to days after birth; the rate
      in atria from rabbits at day 2 was significantly greater than that at days 10
      210. The rate of neonatal rabbit atria was not significantly reduced by
      propranolol and the positive chontropic response to noradrenaline was not
      significantly reduced by propranolol and the positive chronotropic response to
      noradrenaline was not significantly different in atria from ages of rabbits as
      far as threshold concentrations for inducing tachycardia and ED50's were
      concerned. The maximum rate induced by noradrenaline was higher in neonatal
      rabbit atria than in adult rabbit atria. The effect of tyramine was approx. the
      same regardless of age. Increase in the pacemaker rate induced by transmural
      neural stimulation varied directly with age. The negative chronotropic effect of
      acetylcholine was greater in neonatal than in adult rabbit atria; the ED50 in the
      former was significantly less than in the latter. Bradycardia induced by
      transmural stimulation of intracardiac cholinergic nerves was related directly to
      age. Tachycardia in the neonatal rabbit atria may be due to electrogenic
      characteristics of pacemaker cells which differ from those in adult rabbit atria.
      Our evidence strongly suggests that the adrenergic and cholinergic nerves
      innervating the S-A node develop at an early postnatal stage in the rabbit.

PMID- 978850
TI  - A new guanidine derivative: dissociation of the adrenergic neuron blocking
      activity from local anesthetic activity.
AB  - Effects of 4-7-exo-methylene-hexahydroisoindoline-ethyl-guanidine hemisulfate
      (No. 865-123), a new guanidine derivative, on adrenergic neurons and its local
      anesthetic activity were investigated in comparison with guanethidine. Both
      derivatives produced in a dose-dependent manner a progressive irreversible
      reduction of positive chronotropic and contractile responses to postganglionic
      sympathetic nerve stimulation in isolated rabbit atria. The time course of the
      reduction by No. 865-123 was somewhat slower. In dogs administered both agents,
      the pressor response to carotid occlusion was reduced and that to exogenous
      noradrenaline was potentiated with a slight decrease in blood pressure.
      Noradrenaline stores in the heart and spleen of rats were also depleted to a
      similar extent. In the guinea pig weal method, guanethidine acted as a potent
      local anesthetic with a slow onset and a prolonged action as compared to
      procaine. No. 865-123 revealed no more anesthetic activity than did saline. It is
      unlikely that the local anesthetic activity of the guanidine derivatives
      contributes to the adrenergic neuron blocking activity.

PMID- 978851
TI  - Mechanism for the increase of brain 5-hydroxy-tryptamine and 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid following delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration to
      rats.

PMID- 978852
TI  - Inhibitory effect of (+)threo-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylserine (DOPS) on
      decarboxylation of (-)threo-dops.

PMID- 978853
TI  - Effects of calcium ions and magnesium ions on 5-hydroxytryptamine-receptor
      interaction.

PMID- 978854
TI  - Clinical characteristics of the carcinoma of the stomach and its localization.
AB  - The result of follow-up study and the localization of gastric carcinoma subjected
      to the operation at the Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu
      University during 7 year period from 1963 to 1969 form the basis of the present
      communication. The curative resectability was 70.3 per cent in the carcinoma of
      the distal third of the stomach (A), 82.9 per cent in that of the middle third
      (M) and 55.3 in that of the proximal third (C); the 5-year survival rate was 48.6
      per cent in the cancer of A, 81.1 per cent in that of M and 49.1 per cent in that
      of C respectively. In the carcinoma of A incidence of high grade penetrative
      invasion into the gastric wall as well as metastatic involvment was high. It is
      noteworthy that the tendency of the metastasis was found even in those with low
      grade penetration. In the carcinoma of M the incidence of high grade penetration
      as well as lymphatic metastasis was relatively low. The hepatic metastasis and
      peritoneal dissemination was also not frequent. In the carcinoma of C the
      incidence of high grade penetration was very high and the lymphatic metastasis
      was frequently observed in those with high grade penetration. Biological
      characteristics of the carcinoma of the stomach in each location and their
      therapeutic significance are discussed.

PMID- 978855
TI  - Abdominal aneurysm with aortoduodenal fistula.
AB  - Two patients having the abdominal aneurysm with aortoduodenal fistula were
      treated surgically, but graft infection occurred. One patient died about 6 months
      after and the other about one year after the operation due to massive hemorrhage
      from the postoperative aortointestinal fistula. The difficulties in the treatment
      of the aortoduodenal fistula were discussed.

PMID- 978856
TI  - The effect of cartilage-bone marrow extract (CBME) on the healing of intestinal
      anastomosis.
AB  - The intestinal anastomosis made under various conditions with and without
      treatment with cartilage-bone marrow extract were compared. The preoperative or
      postoperative administration of cartilage-bone marrow extract was found to
      increase mechanical strength of the intestinal anastomosis, even under
      unfavorable conditions such as hypoproteinemia, long term treatment of corticoid
      or reanastomosis. Formation of connective tissue and healing process were also
      found to be promoted by cartilage-bone marrow extract treatment.

PMID- 978857
TI  - Reactive hyperplasia of paracortex and germinal centers of the regional lymph
      nodes in gastric carcinoma cases as a favorable prognostic indicator.
AB  - The prognosis of 141 patients subjected to curative resection for gastric
      carcinoma was analyzed with special reference to the paracortex, germinal centers
      and sinus histiocytes in the regional lymph nodes. Five years survival rates of
      the patients with paracortical and/or germinal center hyperplasia (PH and/or GH)
      was definitely superior to those without such hyperplasia. This difference was
      most pronounced in those with moderately advanced stage. The incidence of lymph
      node metastasis was lower in the patients with PH or GH. The presence of sinus
      histiocytosis (SH) seemed to be correlated neither with a longer survival nor
      with lower incidence of lymph node metastasis. No close correlation was found
      between PH, GH and SH on one hand and histological types of the primary gastric
      carcinomas on the other. These results suggest that cell mediated and/or humoral
      immune response may play an important role in host resistance against gastric
      carcinoma.

PMID- 978858
TI  - A seven year review of invasive carcinoma of the cervix treated at the Johns
      Hopkins Hospital.
AB  - 172 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix treated at the Johns Hopkins
      Hospital are reviewed. Failure rates are examined by stage, demonstrating a high
      percentage of local recurrences in patients with late stage disease treated by a
      traditional regime of radiotherapy. Reasons for these failures are explored and a
      proposal for a more individualized approach to therapy is made.

PMID- 978860
TI  - Bromide intoxication.

PMID- 978859
TI  - Phenacetin-induced sulfhemoglobinemia: report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Phenacetin-induced sulfhemoglobinemia was diagnosed in a middle-aged woman with a
      6-month history of cyanosis and a 10-year history of ingestion of analgesics. The
      laboratory and clincial diagnosis of sulfhemoglobinemia and methemoglobinemia are
      discussed. The reviewed medical literature suggests that the cyanosis of chronic
      phenacetin or acetanilid use is generally due to sulfhemoglobinemia rather than
      methemoglobinemia.

PMID- 978861
TI  - Clinical conferences at the Johns Hopkins Hospital: Mycoplasma pneumonia.

PMID- 978862
TI  - [Clinical aspects of chronic respiratory failure (author's transl)].

PMID- 978863
TI  - [Clinical studies on insulin response to glucose tolerance test in patients with
      pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 978864
TI  - [The studies on the serum Ig levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 978866
TI  - [Intraventricular blocks in myocardial infarct].
AB  - The examination was carried out in 787 patients with macrofocal myocardial
      infarction. The most frequently encountered variant of intraventricular block in
      males was the right bundle branch block, in females--the left bundle branch
      block. The rarest variant of intraventricular conductivity disorders in
      myocardial infarction was the left-posterior hemiblock. The prognostically
      severest variant of bilateral block consists in a combination of the right bundle
      branch block with the left-posterior hemiblock. The leading causes of death among
      the patients with myocardial infarction and intraventricular blocks were acute
      (cardiogenic shock, pulmonary oedema) and chronic cardiac insufficiency. In
      patients with bilateral blocks the frequent causes of death were, along with
      cardiac insufficiency, also arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation, asystole).

PMID- 978865
TI  - [Immunological reactivity in postinfarct cardiosclerosis].
AB  - In 77 patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis the blood serum immunoglobulin
      level was studied along with some indices of the lipid and protein metabolism. An
      increased blood level of immunoglobulins A, M and G was observed in
      postinfarction cardiosclerosis cases, those with hyper-beta-lipoproteinemia,
      hypercholesterolemia and C-reactive protein having a significantly higher level
      of immunoglobulin G and than the rest of the patients. In those having an
      increased content of immunoglobulin G in the blood serum hypo-beta-globulinemia
      was observed, as well as a considerable increase of the gamma-globulin fraction
      as compared to those having a normal or decreased level of immunoglobulin G.
      Proceeding from these data the authors suggest the presence of autoimmune shifts
      in the patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis that are closely connected
      with lipid and protein metabolism disorders.

PMID- 978867
TI  - [Diagnosis of diffuse myocardial changes in ischemic heart disease using
      orthogonal ECG leads].
AB  - In 100 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease and diffuse changes in the
      myocardium the data of 12 common ECG leads indicated that the corrected
      orthogonal leads according to Mac Fee--Parungao and Frank reflect these changes
      in all cases. The severity of the diffuse changes reflected in the deviations of
      the ST segment and the T-wave in the orthogonal leads corresponds to that
      reflected in the 12 common leads. A mathematical analysis of the waves of the QRS
      complex in the X, Y and Z leads indicates a growth of the left ventricular
      potentials with the development of diffuse myocardial changes. The mentioned
      systems of orthogonal leads can be recommended for wide employment for the
      diagnosis of diffuse changes in the myocardium in ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 978868
TI  - [Use of an automated method of evaluating myocardial biopotentials for detecting
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 978869
TI  - [Some characteristics of the clinical course of myocardial infarct in the
      presence of concomitant diseases].

PMID- 978870
TI  - [Biogenic amines (catecholamines, serotonin) in the blood and serum monoamine
      oxidase activity in acute myocardial infarct and some of its complications].

PMID- 978871
TI  - [Sick sinus syndrome].

PMID- 978872
TI  - [Rare variant of dissociation with interference].

PMID- 978873
TI  - [Case of aortic aneurysm rupture].

PMID- 978874
TI  - [ECG changes in the late periods following severe thermal burns].

PMID- 978875
TI  - [Phonocardiogram in altered blood filling of the cavities of the heart].

PMID- 978876
TI  - [Psychopharmacological preparations in diseases of the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 978877
TI  - [Course and outcome of ischemic heart disease in patients with angiographically
      confirmed coronary arteriosclerosis].
AB  - The clinical course and prognosis were studied in 116 patients with clinical
      signs of ischaemic heart disease when they were hospitalized in an institution in
      which selective coronary angiography was practiced along with the routine
      clinical examinations. Control examinations were conducted 2 years later. The
      dynamics of the clinical manifestations and the results of the disease were
      evaluated according to the following categories: improvement, stabilization,
      progressive course, death. All the examined patients were divided into 2 groups:
      74 patients with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease proved at angiography,
      and 72 patients without angiographic signs of coronary pathology. The course of
      the disease was found to depend on the presence and severity of the
      atherosclerotic process in the coronary arteries. Essential hypertension
      aggravated the course and prognosis of the disease. The distinctness of the
      clinical manifestations of coronary insufficiency, the ischaemic changes in the
      ECG repolarization complex, the duration of the disease history, and the age of
      the patients tended to predispose the outcome of the atherosclerotic lesion of
      the heart. In the group of patients with clinical signs of ischaemic heart
      disease, but without angiographic changes in the coronaries the result was more
      favourable, than in those with coronary atherosclerosis. This group, however,
      included some patients with prognostically unfavourable myocarcial lesions of non
      atherosclerotic genesis.

PMID- 978878
TI  - [Interstitial cells of the medulla and the renin-angiotensin system in disorders
      of water-salt homeostasis].
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of the intersticial cells of the renal medullar
      layer and the count of lipid granules in them were conducted in two experimental
      states accompanied by a reduction of the circulating blood volume--72 hours of
      water-free diet and intravenous administration of Lazyx that possesses a potent
      natriuretic and diuretic effect. The concentration of renin and angiotensin was
      determined in the plasma of the same animals, using the radioimmunoassay
      technique, and the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys was examined. The
      study has demonstrated that the reduction of the circulating blood volume is
      accompanied, on the one hand, by a significant elevation of the plasma
      concentration of renin and angiotensin, and, on the other hand, by a reduction of
      the number of lipid granules in the intersticial cells that is interpreted by the
      authors as an index of an increased synthesis of renal prostaglandins. It has
      been concluded that a close functional interrelashionship exists between the two
      hormonal systems of the kidneys that regulate the water-electrolyte homeostasis,
      i.e. the renin-angiotensin system and the prostaglandins system.

PMID- 978879
TI  - [Content of total metabolic sodium in arterial hypertension of varying origin].
AB  - The content of total metabolizing sodium was studied in 74 patients with
      hypertension of different genesis, using the Na24-isotope dilution technique.
      Among these patients 31 had essential hypertension, 43--symptomatic hypertension
      (40--renal, and 3--adrenal). In Stage IB and IIA hypertension, a reduction of the
      level of total metabolizing sodium and its increased urine excretion were found.
      At late stages of essential hypertension, like in symptomatic renal hypertension,
      normal levels of total metabolizing sodium were found, or a slight tendency
      towards its elevation. In cases of adrenal hypertension (Conn's syndrome,
      pheochromocytoma) the level of total metabolizing sodium is significantly
      elevated. No correlation was seen between the levels of total metabolizing
      sodium, and plasma and erythrocytes sodium. The decrease of total metabolizing
      sodium at early stages of essential hypertension must be an adaptative reaction
      of the body, which is proved by the increased urine excretion of sodium.

PMID- 978880
TI  - [Atherosclerotic (systolic) hypertension].
AB  - Systolic hypertension was studied in 92 patients, aged 60 to 103 years, some of
      them being followed-up for periods up to 8 years. The examination included that
      of haemodynamics, functional state of the heart and gas composition of blood (by
      the dye dilution technique, polycardiography, teleradiography, Sechenov and van
      Slyke methods, the micro-Astrup technique). The previously reported concept of
      the author was proved, i.e. the immediate haemodynamic cause of arterial pressure
      elevation in this pathology consists in an increased cardiac output against the
      background of an increased total elastic resistance of the arterial system. The
      elevation of the cardiac output is due not only to the neuro-humoral disorders in
      the regulation of arterial pressure in old age, but also to the adaptational
      factors directed to the improvement of oxygen transport and consumption by the
      tissues when the premeability of the vascular-tissuemembranes is impaired.

PMID- 978881
TI  - [Experimental and clinical data on the state of the atria in postinfarct
      cardiosclerosis].
AB  - In 16 rabbit experiments with macrofocal postinfarction cardiosclerosis and 8
      control intact animals delayed electron microscopy of myocardium portions from
      the left ventricle and atria was undertaken, and in 76 clinical observations of
      patients who had survived a myocardial infarction 1 to 10 years before the
      examination the indices of the haemodynamic and electrical activity of the atria
      were compared with those of the contractile function of the left ventricular
      myocardium under bicycle exercise tests of a growing intensity (with the data of
      the left ventricular ultrastructure--in the experimental cases). The changes in
      the left atrium were found to be of an adaptational nature, the right atrium
      entering the pathogenetic chain when the compensatory capacities of the left
      atrium got exhausted in the course of the disease, this being a prognostically
      alerting sign.

PMID- 978882
TI  - [Various general problems in the diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis].

PMID- 978883
TI  - [Delayed surgical treatment of extensive hand injuries].

PMID- 978884
TI  - [Role of thermography in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue neoplasms].

PMID- 978885
TI  - [Surgical treatment of portal hypertension with ascites using ileovesicopexy
      under experimental conditions].

PMID- 978886
TI  - [Choledochoduodenostomy and papillosphincterotomy in the surgical treatment of
      obstruction of the terminal part of the choledochus and major duodenal papilla].

PMID- 978887
TI  - [Operations stimulating liver regeneration in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 978888
TI  - [Technic of combined subtotal gastric resection with pancreato-duodenal
      resection].

PMID- 978889
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of post-burn cicatrical contractures of the hand].

PMID- 978890
TI  - [Combined operative interventions in rectal cancer].

PMID- 978891
TI  - [Role of autoimmune reactions in the etiology and pathogenesis of obliterating
      endarteritis].

PMID- 978892
TI  - [Socio-hygienic characteristics of patients with hemorrhoids].

PMID- 978893
TI  - [Delivery of medical care to rural population using a mobile surgical unit of an
      outpatient clinic].

PMID- 978894
TI  - [Actinomycosis of the rectum involving the organs of the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 978895
TI  - [Complications of cystostomy].

PMID- 978896
TI  - [Surgical methods in the treatment of superior mesenteric artery occlusion].

PMID- 978897
TI  - [Is surgery in acute pancreatitis necessary?].

PMID- 978898
TI  - [Complications and lethality after papillosphincterotomy].

PMID- 978899
TI  - [Does bloodletting and subsequent autologous blood transfusion affect late
      results of treatment in oncologic patients?].

PMID- 978900
TI  - [Anesthesia in proctology].

PMID- 978901
TI  - [Embolism of the superior mesenteric artery with blood flow compensation].

PMID- 978902
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pancreatic cysts and fistulas].

PMID- 978903
TI  - [X-ray image of invaginated interintestinal anastomoses in experimental studies
      and in patients at different periods after surgery].

PMID- 978905
TI  - [Unified classification and nomenclature of typical processes of motor activity
      in clinical surgery].

PMID- 978904
TI  - [Intertissue relationship in the area of intestinal fistulas in children].

PMID- 978906
TI  - [Classification, diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis].

PMID- 978907
TI  - [Contralateral axillary-brachial autovenous shunting of blood vessels].

PMID- 978908
TI  - [Urgent surgical interventions in injuries of major blood vessels of the limbs].

PMID- 978909
TI  - [Heart injuries].

PMID- 978910
TI  - [Lateral thoracotomy without complete muscle dissection].

PMID- 978911
TI  - [Study of prekallikrein-kallikrein system of blood plasma in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 978912
TI  - [Methodological basis of investigation of errors in surgery].

PMID- 978913
TI  - [Concerning the article by A.M. Tetdoev and Iu.M. Stoiko "is cholecystostomy
      necessary in acute cholecystitis complicated by jaundice?"].

PMID- 978914
TI  - [Rhabdomyoma of the tongue in a 5-year-old child].

PMID- 978915
TI  - [Treatment of dermoid cyst of the coccyx].

PMID- 978916
TI  - [Associated complications of hematogenic osteomyelitis].

PMID- 978917
TI  - [Treatment of congenital elongation of the sigmoid in children].

PMID- 978918
TI  - [Rupture of the walls of cysts and cystomas of the ovaries in girls of pubertal
      age in surgical practice].

PMID- 978919
TI  - [Choledocholithiasis in agenesia of the gallbladder].

PMID- 978920
TI  - [Method of evacuation of the contents of hydatid cysts].

PMID- 978921
TI  - [Holding-ligature guide].

PMID- 978922
TI  - [Apparatus for lavage and drainage of the main bile ducts].

PMID- 978923
TI  - [Surgery of thoraco-abdominal injuries].

PMID- 978924
TI  - [Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias].

PMID- 978926
TI  - [Concomitant diseases in surgical practice].

PMID- 978925
TI  - [Surgical diseases accompanying diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 978927
TI  - [Postoperative subdiaphragmatic abscess].

PMID- 978928
TI  - [Restoration of the continuity of the large intestine after resection with
      preternatural anus].

PMID- 978929
TI  - [Use of the KC-28 stapler].

PMID- 978930
TI  - [Diagnosis of acute appendicitis in total situs inversus of the organs].

PMID- 978931
TI  - [Surgical treatment of gastro-bronchial fistula].

PMID- 978932
TI  - [Splenic abscess following suture of a perforated duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 978933
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of a chylous cyst of the small-intestine mesentery].

PMID- 978934
TI  - [Approaches to the atypically located appendix].

PMID- 978935
TI  - [Clinical course and diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the arctic region].

PMID- 978936
TI  - [Clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of complicated forms of Crohn's
      disease].

PMID- 978937
TI  - [Controlled hemodilution and forced diuresis in patients with acute peritonitis].

PMID- 978938
TI  - [Changes of microcirculation in acute diffuse peritonitis].

PMID- 978939
TI  - [Adhesive intestinal obstruction in children].

PMID- 978940
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of subdiaphragmatic abscesses].

PMID- 978941
TI  - [Gastroduodenal hemorrhage in opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 978942
TI  - [Effect of selective proximal vagotomy on the secretory function of the stomach].

PMID- 978943
TI  - [Motor function of the small intestine and absorption of d-xylose following
      vagotomy].

PMID- 978944
TI  - [Morphology and function of the gastric mucosa following vagotomy and drainage in
      patients with duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 978945
TI  - [Reinfusion of blood following abdominal injuries].

PMID- 978946
TI  - [Thrombocyte activity in acute diseases of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 978947
TI  - [Possibilities of revascularization of mobilized sections of the colon in
      extensive left-side resection].

PMID- 978948
TI  - [Nephropexy with 2 muscle flaps].

PMID- 978949
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of radioisotope renography in urologic diseases of
      children].

PMID- 978950
TI  - [Megaureter in children].

PMID- 978951
TI  - [Electrolyte dynamics in different types of anesthesia in patients over 60 years
      of age].

PMID- 978953
TI  - [Blood protein makeup in patients following colonic esophagoplasty].

PMID- 978952
TI  - [Intraosseous fluid infusions in terminal states].

PMID- 978954
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary complications after operations on
      the organs of the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 978955
TI  - [Pulmonary complications after operations on the biliary tracts].

PMID- 978956
TI  - [Complications in operations for aspergillomas of the lungs].

PMID- 978957
TI  - [Complications of catheterization of the subclavian vein].

PMID- 978958
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of thrombophlebitis of the deep veins of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 978959
TI  - [Method of placing a parallel ligature under vessels to be ligated].

PMID- 978960
TI  - [Treatment of hemorrhoid patients with an increased degree of surgical risk].

PMID- 978961
TI  - [Pneumoperitoneum in closed lesion of the diaphragm and lung].

PMID- 978962
TI  - [Phlebectasia of the ulnar vein].

PMID- 978963
TI  - [Injuries to the thoracic lymphatic duct].

PMID- 978964
TI  - [Lung scanning in thoracic surgery on children].

PMID- 978965
TI  - [Possibilities of utilizing the fluid accumulating in the pleural cavity after
      operations on the organs of the chest cavity].

PMID- 978966
TI  - [Radiation pericarditis].

PMID- 978967
TI  - [Modern methods of treating acute and chronic suppurative diseases of the lungs
      in children].

PMID- 978968
TI  - [Pathogenesis and surgical treatment of trophic ulcers in lesion of the veins of
      the lower extremities].

PMID- 978969
TI  - [Ways to increase the effectiveness of sclerosing therapy for varicose veins].

PMID- 978970
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of the terminal portion of the vana saphena magna].

PMID- 978971
TI  - [Pelvic and retrograde femoral phlebography in the diagnosis of postthrombotic
      disease of the lower extremities].

PMID- 978972
TI  - [Reconstructive operations in postthrombophlebitic occlusion of the iliac veins].

PMID- 978973
TI  - [Surgical approach in light forms of elephantiasis of the lower extremities].

PMID- 978974
TI  - [Congenital developmental defects of the peripheral vessels in children].

PMID- 978975
TI  - [Effect of heparin on muscle blood flow in obliterating diseases of the vessels
      of the lower extremities].

PMID- 978976
TI  - ["Minor amputation" in endarteritis obliterans].

PMID- 978977
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of bronchiectasis in children].

PMID- 978978
TI  - [Surgical treatment of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with a lesion of its
      branches].

PMID- 978979
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal infarct in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 978980
TI  - [Injuries of terminal phalanges of the fingers in children].

PMID- 978981
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium and hypoxia in burn shock].

PMID- 978982
TI  - [S.B, Tlatov's operation in treatment of primary varicocele].

PMID- 978983
TI  - [Method of surgical intervention in rupture of the long head of biceps brachii].

PMID- 978984
TI  - [Esophageal fistulas after lung surgery].

PMID- 978985
TI  - [Treatment of acute urine retention].

PMID- 978986
TI  - [Errors in diagnosis of foreign bodies left in the body after different surgical
      operations].

PMID- 978987
TI  - [Causes of leaving foreign bodies in the wound].

PMID- 978989
TI  - [Isolated dislocations of the calcaneus].

PMID- 978988
TI  - [Vertical fractures of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae].

PMID- 978990
TI  - [Echinococcosis of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 978991
TI  - [Massive reinfusion of blood in splenic rupture].

PMID- 978992
TI  - [Giant ovarian cyst].

PMID- 978993
TI  - [Plastic surgery of the ureter with appendix in a child].

PMID- 978994
TI  - [Multiple abnormalities of the sex organs in an adolescent].

PMID- 978995
TI  - [Surgical tactics in complicated spinal injuries].

PMID- 978996
TI  - [Methods of stabilization of unstable setting of dislocations of cervical
      vertebrae].

PMID- 978997
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of dislocations of the sternal end of the
      clavicle].

PMID- 978998
TI  - [Transosseous osteosynthesis in orthopedics and traumatology].

PMID- 978999
TI  - [Conservative treatment of inveterate and ununited fractures of the navicular
      bone].

PMID- 979000
TI  - [Echoencephalographic diagnosis of intracranial traumatic hematomas].

PMID- 979001
TI  - [Repair of injured flexor tendons of the fingers in the "critical zone" in
      children].

PMID- 979002
TI  - [Treatment of fresh dislocations of the acromial end of the clavicle].

PMID- 979003
TI  - [Pseudarthrosis of the cartilaginous portions of the ribs].

PMID- 979004
TI  - ["Hernias" of the popliteal fossa].

PMID- 979005
TI  - [Stenosing ligamentitis of the fingers in children].

PMID- 979006
TI  - [Treatment of moist gangrene of the lower limbs in patients with diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 979007
TI  - [Anesthesiological provision in thyroid gland surgery].

PMID- 979008
TI  - [Surgical treatment of trochanteric fractures of the femur].

PMID- 979009
TI  - [Characteristics of thyrotoxicosis associated with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 979010
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the breast].

PMID- 979011
TI  - [Gynecologic diseases in young girls in surgical practice].

PMID- 979012
TI  - [Use of antistaphylococcal plasma and antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin in
      treatment of staphylococcal sepsis].

PMID- 979013
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of congenital cloaca in children].

PMID- 979014
TI  - [Use of proximal selective vagotomy in the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 979015
TI  - [Our experience in treating closed injuries to the spleen].

PMID- 979016
TI  - [Papulosis atrophicans maligna (morbus Degos) abdominal syndrome].

PMID- 979017
TI  - [Anotonometric studies in cancer of the rectum operated on by B. Duhamel's
      method].

PMID- 979018
TI  - [Right to surgery from the legal and deontological aspects].

PMID- 979019
TI  - [Primary hydatid of the left diaphragm].

PMID- 979020
TI  - [Chronic pulmonary abscess caused by a suppurative dermoid cyst of the anterior
      mediastinum].

PMID- 979021
TI  - [Rare case of an injury to the neck penetrating to the throat and exiting behind
      the left ear].

PMID- 979022
TI  - [Case of a partial double urethra].

PMID- 979023
TI  - [Paraurethral cysts, their clinical aspects, histomorphology and prognosis].

PMID- 979024
TI  - [Can myopia be influenced by the wearing of contact lenses?].
AB  - During 15 years the author has had the occasion to examine 11,454 spectacle
      wearing patients and 6,794 contact lens-wearing patients. In the age-group 15 to
      25 years the contact lens-wearing patients manifested in 60% of the cases
      stationary myopia, whereas the spectacle-wearing patients in the same period
      manifested an increase of myopia in 75% of the cases. For a comparison in each
      patients visual acuity with and later without contact lens was determined,
      refraction performed and a slit lamp examination realized with and without
      contact lens. Determination of axial length of the eyes with the aid of
      ultrasonography could not be performed. The result of this analysis is compared
      with the results of other authors who have delt with the same problem. The author
      tries to give an explanation for the distinctly reduced increase of myopia in
      patients with contact lenses compared with those wearing glasses.

PMID- 979025
TI  - [A new iris double-forceps in the cryoextraction of cataract (author's transl)].
AB  - In the cryoextraction of a cataract associated with severe hypotension and narrow
      pupil, a new smooth iris double-forceps has been found useful for the grasping of
      the iris and the dilatation of the pupil. Thus, it will be possible to obtain a
      round pupil even in these rare cases.

PMID- 979026
TI  - [Vitreoretinal dystrophy with vitreous haemorrhage (author's transl)].
AB  - In two generations of a big family two men in each generation were struck with a
      vitreoretinal disease, which led to vitreous haemorrhage and were first was
      interpreted as Periphlebitis retinae (Eale's disease). Preretinal, perforated
      membranes containing vessels and a severe macular degeneration pointed to a
      vitreoretinal dystrophy. The uniform alteration of the ERG with reduction of the
      b-waves were striking in all four patients. Judging from the X-chromosomal
      pattern of transmission, from the juvenile vitreous haemorrhages and from the
      macular dysplasia with radial plication we seem to be dealing with a sexlinked
      juvenile retinoschisis, although at first microscopic examination the vitreous
      veils did not make us think of a retinoschisis.

PMID- 979027
TI  - [Gas gangrene panophthalmitis (author's transl)].
AB  - Gas gangrene panophthalmitis is a rare condition of penetrating injury to the
      globe. The infecting organism is usually Clostridium perfringens. Characteristic
      symptoms are a brawny swelling of the lids, marked chemosis, coffee-coloured
      discharge, hypopyon, ring abscess of the cornea, formation of gas bubbles in the
      anterior chamber, rise of intraocular tension and early amaurosis. Treatment
      consists in the evisceration or enucleation of the globe, rarely in the
      exenteration of the orbit. Antibiotics along (Penicillin, Tetracyclines) are
      insufficient. Administration of antiserum is almost completely abandoned, it is
      probably more dangerous than helpful. The use of hyperbaric oxygen is not
      indicated in cases of gas gangrene panophthalmitis. Extraocular extension of the
      infection and its danger for the individual is prevented by well-times surgical
      procedure.

PMID- 979029
TI  - [Eye symptoms in the subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (author's transl)].
AB  - A 30 years old man developed Parinaud's syndrome without other neurological
      symptoms. The X-ray-examination was normal. The autopsy revealed a subacute
      necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. The symptoms, pathology and possible aetiology
      are discussed.

PMID- 979028
TI  - [Statistical importance of tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis of the eye in recent
      years (1971-1974, Eye-Clinic, Davos) (author's transl)].
AB  - Tbc has not yet been eradicated in Western Europe. Among 311 human/bovin
      tuberculin tested cases out of 500 patients with uveitis (1971-1974), 37-50%
      (average age 40-45 years) reacted highly positive. Chorioretinitis disseminata
      and periphlebitis retinae (Eales' disease): 90% positive. The criteria for a long
      term tuberculostatic treatment are exposed. 20% of all cases of uveitis and 90%
      of Jensen Retinochorioditis have been interpreted as caused by toxoplasmosis. 75%
      are relapses. The gigantic toxoplasmotic lesions of the eyeground is stressed. As
      a rule low Sabin Feldmann titers are found. Quantitative serology is valuable. In
      the closing discussion the immunologically well known adjuvans-effect of Koch's
      bacillus-extract is supposed to be of importance in highly tuberculin positive
      uveitis.

PMID- 979030
TI  - [Keratoconus and contact lenses (author's transl)].
AB  - This work is a survey of 82 cases of keratoconus which have been followed up for
      1 to 12 years. Among them only 66 were fitted with contact lenses. The contra
      indications for them are: 1. a better visual acuity with spectacles than with
      contact lenses, 2. advanced cases (4th degree of Amsler) whose fitting is
      impossible, 3. unilateral keratoconus, 4. associated diseases such as
      trachomatous pannus, allergic kerato-conjunctivitis. Hard corneal lenses are now
      in use in most of the cases. Scleral lenses are much less used than they were 10
      years ago, owing probably to the great improvement of the corneal lenses during
      this time. These hard corneal lenses have a short Ro (4 to 7 mm), an overall
      diameter between 8 and 11 mm, and an optic diameter of 5 mm. They are fitted
      under fluorescein control. The mobility must be good too. One case was fitted
      with soft lenses. The visual acuity is good and so is the tolerance: 80% of the
      patients wear their lenses 10 hours a day or more. Contact lenses do not affect
      the progression of keratoconus thus finally a keratoplasty must be performed in
      many cases. After the operation a contact lens is very often necessary, but its
      daily wearing time must be divided by two, to avoid corneal neo-vascularisation.
      Soft corneal lenses may be used in some cases of keratoconus. They are indicated
      when the hard lenses are no longer tolerated and before a keratoplasty. The base
      curves of these soft lenses are not related to the radii of the conic cornea. In
      most of the cases they are between 7.50 and 8.60 mm. The diameter is large: 14 or
      15 mm. The lenses must not move too much: 1 mm up or down when the patient
      blinks. The edge of the lens must not depress the bulbar conjunctiva and there
      must be no air bubble under the lens. In many cases a cylindrical spectacle lens
      is necessary to obtain a good visual acuity. Some authors prefer to fit a hard
      corneal lens over the soft one: this is the "piggy back" method. Sometimes
      keratoconus has appeared in patients already fitted during several years to
      correct a myopic astigmatism. It is not clear whether these keratoconus have been
      produced or not be the contact lenses.

PMID- 979031
TI  - [Special indications for the use of soft contact lenses as a drug-release-system
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Research has been performed, both experimentally and clinically, to establish the
      value of the association of soft contact lenses and some types of eye drops. The
      use of soft contact lenses with eye drops may be useful in some special cases: a)
      more prolonged and more sustained effect compared with the usual way of
      administration of eye drops (especially antiglaucomatous substances,
      antimetabolites, mydriatics); b) possibility of reducing the concentration to
      avoid local discomfort or systemic side-effects, without loss of their
      effectiveness on the eye conditions to be treated. The combined use of soft
      lenses (12.5-15 mm in diameter) with eye drops may be obtained either by
      presoaking the lens in the liquid or by regular instillation of eye drops after
      insertion of the lens; the two techniques may of course be associated. In the
      present research the advantages of utilizing hydrophylic lenses with osmotically
      active substances, to obtain a better and more protracted dehydration of the
      cornea, were first examined, in vitro and in vivo. The following substances were
      tested: 10% propylenglycol, 10% glycerol, 10% glucose and 5% natrium chloride.
      The clearing effect of the different types of treatment was evaluated in 45
      patients with edematous bullous keratopathy with an instrument which measured the
      infrared light emitted by an optic fiber and reflected by the cornea. The effects
      were more marked for the epithelial than for the stromal oedema. Another group of
      investigations was performed with two polypeptides with high molecular weight:
      Eledoisin, extracted from a mediterranean octopus, Eledone moschata, and
      Physalaemin, extracted from the skin of a south american batrachian, Physalaemus
      fuscomaculatus, both of these stimulate the lacrimal secretion and were
      previously successfully employed topically by the authors against
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The increase of the amount of fluid was however short
      lived. Eledoisin at a concentration of 200 mug/ml, was examined in its effects
      both in vitro and in vivo, whereas physalaemin, at a concentration of 20 mug/ml,
      only in vitro, owing to the present shortage of the product. The clinical tests
      in 23 eyes of 14 patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca proved satisfactory,
      since the lacrymal stimulating effect is not only greater, but lasts three times
      longer by combining the instillation of eledoisin with a presoaked soft lens.
      Some antiglaucomatous products (propranolol, clonidine, prostigmine) were,
      finally, used in association with a soft lens to reduce the concentration of the
      eye drops for a better tolerance locally (propranolol: a beta-adrenergic blocking
      agent) or generally (clonidine: alpha-adrenergic agent), also with the advantage
      of protracted release. With propranolol the concentration could be reduced to
      0.01-0,10% (instead of 0.125 to 0.25%) and to 1.5% (instead of 3%) with
      prostigmine, when lenses were presoaked or instillations took place at regular
      time intervals, after insertion of the lenses.

PMID- 979032
TI  - [The correction of anisomyopia with contact lenses (author's transl)].
AB  - Currently it is believed that correction of anisomyopia with contact lenses is
      contraindicated because most anisomyopias are axial. By determination of dioptric
      aniseiconia it has been shown that this is smaller than generally believed also
      with the correction by contact lenses. In childhood it is advisable to correct an
      anisomyopia fully as early as possible because the distortion of room perception
      by spectacles seems to play a much bigger role in higher anisomyopia than the
      functional aniseiconia. The results are shown in tables.

PMID- 979033
TI  - [Introduction to problems of plastic surgery of the eyelids (author's transl)].
AB  - The qualities of the plastic surgeon and the basic principles of plastic surgery
      are briefly described, particularly in relation to the reconstruction of wounded
      eyelids.

PMID- 979034
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of ptosis (author's transl)].
AB  - An accurate differential diagnosis of ptosis results if one refers the functional
      disorders of the levator to the different levels of the motor unit: Muscle,
      synapsis, peripheral neuron and nucleus. Therefore ptosis can be classified into
      myogenic, synaptogenic and neurogenic forms. This classification is also based on
      electromyographic findings from the levator muscle. Myogenic forms of the ptosis
      are: Senile ptosis, chronic progressive ocular muscle dystrophy, acute
      exophthalmic myositis and affections of the levator together with general
      systemic myopathies. Synaptogenic forms of ptosis are: Botulism and myasthenia
      gravis. Neurogenic forms of ptosis are: Cortical ptosis, ptosis from lesions of
      the oculomotor nucleus (congenital ptosis, Moebius-syndrome), peripheral
      oculomotor palsy, ptosis in aberrant third nerve regeneration, sympathetic ptosis
      (Horner-syndrome), ptosis in cases of paradoxic innervation such as the Duane
      retraction-syndrome and the Marcus-Gunn-Jaw-Winking-syndrome (ptosis linked with
      jaw movement). According to the classification in myogenic, synaptogenic and
      peripheral-neurogenic forms of ptosis, the therapeutic possibilities (medical,
      surgical etc.) are discussed.

PMID- 979035
TI  - [Results of the modified dacryocystorhinostomie described by Werb (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 42 cases operated by the modified Werb's dacryocystorhinostomy with polyethylene
      tubing are reported. The postoperative follow-up was between 1 and 4 1/2 years.
      The success rate was 75%. The tube should remain at least 3-4 months. A longer
      time does not give significantly better results. On 2 unsuccessfully operated
      persons strong fibrous scar tissue was found during the reoperation at the site
      of the anastomosis of the tear sack with the nasal mucous membrane. This was
      probably induced by remaining bone fragments. This simple operative approach can
      be recommended as a first surgical intervention on patients with a presaccal tear
      duct stenosis.

PMID- 979036
TI  - [When should congenital lacrimal fistulae be operated? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].
AB  - In most cases of congenital lacrimal fistulae occuring in the ophthalmic
      literature the condition is diagnosed only during later life. Then, however, the
      congenital nature is doubtful. This paper describes a new-born with bilateral
      congenital lacrimal fistulae. Furthermore, the underfed patient has heart and
      genital malformations. The indication for surgical management of congenital
      lacrimal fistulae is discussed.

PMID- 979037
TI  - [Critical flicker frequency (CFF) in the central and peripheral visual field
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Two methods with their instruments are presented. First the measurement of C.F.F.
      in modified Goldmann perimeter. Secondly the register of the trimodal curve. The
      term "flicker acuity" is proposed with its mathematical translation. The second
      method concerns an original papillophotometer which can perhaps explore the color
      vision mechanism.

PMID- 979038
TI  - [The visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) in optic neuritis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) were examined in 22 patients with
      optic neuritis. 1. In the acute stage, amplitude and latency time of the VECPs
      are impaired not only on the affected eye, but often also of the fellow eye. 2. A
      bilateral disturbance of the VECPs often persists in the recovery period,
      although psychophysical functions, including color vision remain normal. 3. It
      follows that in cases of unilateral optic neuritis, demyelinations without
      clinical evidence may occur in the optic nerve of the fellow eye.

PMID- 979039
TI  - [A new argon-laser-approach for the management of aphakic pupillary block
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 9 cases of aphakic pupillary block with high intraocular pressure were managed
      successfully by means of a new argon-laser-technique. This new approach consisted
      in the application at the iris border, 1.5 mm from the pupillary border, of a
      mobile argon-laser beam of variable intensity, ranging from 250 to 500 mw, of
      constant time (0.5 sec) and of fixed spot size (200 mu). In some instances the
      beam was moved parallel and in other cases vertically to the pupillary border in
      the direction towards the ciliary portion of the iris. This technique ensures
      maximum retraction of the pupillary border, corresponding to the line of running
      application, coupled with the least possible damage to the iris and a minimum of
      applications. Simultaneously with the retraction of the pupillary border the
      posterior synechiae of the iris are detached and the out-flow of the aqueous
      trapped in the posterior chamber is released.

PMID- 979040
TI  - [The frequency of various forms of senile cataract (author's transl)].
AB  - On classifying 1000 senile cataracts it was found that in pure cataract forms -
      starting from the cortex - the typical grey senile cataract (cataracta
      supranuclearis) mostly occurs with a clear nucleus. The dense permeability
      cataract (cataracta subcapsularis) most frequently shows a dense grey clouding of
      the nucleus and in addition a still smaller increase in frequency with a clear
      nucleus. The cortex was also frequently clear when the nucleus of the lens was a
      dense cloudy grey. Conversley, starting from pure nuclear cataract forms, the
      dense grey clouded lens nucleus most frequently accompanies a permeability
      cataract (cataracta subcapsularis) and - with a second peak - with a clear
      cortex. The brown (black) nucleus (cataracta brunescens [nigral]) quite
      predominantly shows a clear cortex. If all the cataracts, including the mixed
      forms between the various cortical and nuclear cataracts are so classified that
      the percentage participation of the individual forms of cataract in the entire
      collective (including the mixed forms) is summarised, then the distribution is:
      Typical grey senile cataract (cataracta supranuclearis) in 23%. Permeability
      cataract (cataracta subcapsularis) in 36%. Light brown-grey nuclear cataract
      (mainly nuclear sclerosis) in 13%, grey nuclear cataract in 37%, brown nuclear
      cataract in 5%, mature cataract in 4%, hypermature cataract in 1%, intumescent
      cataract in 11%.

PMID- 979041
TI  - [Aging of the lens and cataract (author's transl)].
AB  - Lens opacities in old patients are usually classified as "senile cataracts".
      Since there are very distinct morphologic types of opacities it is evident that
      we have to deal with different types of triggers in discussing the
      cataractogenesis. A great variety of risk factors might act as triggers for the
      development of opacities in aged people, and there is no doubt that among them
      age changes of lens metabolism are the most important. These age induced changes
      of lens metabolism do not only influence the energy level of lens metabolism
      (energy concept of lens transparency), the trigger may as well be located within
      the protein synthesizing system or the processes responsible for maintaining
      normal protein conformation, further, an exogenous intoxication may also occur.
      Lack of normal human lenses of all ages suited for metabolic research and an
      undefined classification for instance, coloration of the cataractous lens) makes
      biochemical research with respect to the pathogenesis of senile cataracts almost
      impossible. Animal models (naphthalene cataract, tryptophane-deficiency, X
      irradiation) suited for the purpose may well support the basic research of this
      subject, even if we have to assume certain species differences of lens
      metabolism.

PMID- 979042
TI  - [Subnormal binocular vision -- principles for the classification of
      microstrabismus (author's transl)].
AB  - The studies of several hundred case records, most of them carefully observed for
      years, show that a simple definition of microstrabismus is not sufficient.
      Contrary to usual opinions about correspondence problems 7% of these cases were
      even found to be corresponding normally. One third of the cases remained unstable
      in their sensory behavior. In our opinion combinations of 4 sensopathological
      prinicples allow a better description of the clinical findings in cases showing a
      more complicated state. The 4 prinicples are 1. haziness of cortical connections,
      2. rivalry of more than one correspondence, 3. horror fusionis, 4. inherited
      amblyopia -- inborn lack of monocular capacity. Furthermore it can be
      demonstrated that the four prinicples match with recent findings in
      neurophysiology and neuroanatomy.

PMID- 979043
TI  - [Fluorescein angiographic picture of sympathetic ophthalmia (author's transl)].
AB  - The fluorescein angiographic picture of sympathetic ophthalmia is described in an
      instructive case, which first started at the posterior pole. In the acute phase
      there was a picture of an exudative process with multiple subretinal enlarging
      hyperfluorecent spots and some dye-pooling. The retinal vasculature was
      unaffected. In the healing phase a transitory involvement of the optic nerve head
      was observed. The cicatricial phase was characterized by a coarsening of the
      pigment pattern of the fundus. In addition to fluorescein angiography the degree
      of transitory hyperopia was an excellent indicator of the activity of the disease
      process.

PMID- 979045
TI  - [The central vitreo-retinal fibroplastic (edematous-fibroplastic) syndrome
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This term comprises a series of symptoms with a common pathogenesis. The disease
      begins with disseminated foci of paravascular fibroplasia which are
      ophthalmoscopically visible as "stationary reflexes" (Vodovozev 1963). These foci
      result in the formation of vitreo-retinal adhesions. A posterior vitreous
      detachment effects then traction on the retina with subsequent retinal hypoxia,
      destruction and edema. This edema if often cystoid, macular holes may originate
      also. Some patients develop degeneration of connective tissue in the central part
      of the retina, which may proceed intra- or epiretinally. The syndrome complicates
      cases of uveitis, senile changes of the fundus, diabetic and hypertonic
      retinopathies and tapetoretinal degenerations as the postoperative course after
      extraction of cataract or coagulation of retinal detachment. A classification of
      the different forms of this syndrome is proposed, its clinical picture and its
      evolution are described.  Possibilities of treatment and experiences gained in it
      are shown.

PMID- 979044
TI  - [Antilymphocyte-globulin and cytostatic therapy in the case of sympathetic
      ophthalmia (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors make known a combined immunosuppresive treatment in a case of
      sympathetic ophthalmia, which could not be healed by preliminary corticosteroid
      therapy. The authors recommend in addition to a high dosage of corticosteroids an
      optimal combination of cytostatics and administration of ALG.

PMID- 979046
TI  - [Signs and symptoms of endocrine orbitopathy (author's transl)].
AB  - The typical motility disturbances of endocrine orbitopathy and the methods of
      examination are described. Particular reference was placed on the active force
      generation test and the passive forced duction test. The differential diagnosis
      between endocrine orbitopathy and tumor was described. Occasionally the endocrine
      infiltrations may lead to retinal folds or to a tumour-like echographic picture.

PMID- 979047
TI  - [Cell metabolic investigations as a test of vitality of frozen preserved corneas
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The protective effect of DMSO in cryopreservation (Capella a. Kaufmann) of 36
      corneas is demonstrated by estimation of carbon dioxide as well by
      electronmicroscopical methods.

PMID- 979048
TI  - [Corneal operations for lessening high anisometropia in children (statistical
      results of refractive keratoplasty) (author's transl)].
AB  - Sixty four cases of refractive keratoplasty in children are described. The
      postoperative results are compared with the preoperative values statistically.
      The correction of the anisometropia by surgical procedures was succesful in the
      majority of patients. The average postoperative increase in visual acuity was
      0.2. The complications following surgery were minimal.

PMID- 979049
TI  - [Objective vision test in very young children (author's transl)].
AB  - By means of the Catford Visual Acuity Apparatus it is possible to determine
      objectively the visual acuity even in very young children easily and in a very
      short time; in children aged less than one year in most cases only a binocular
      later on a monocular acuity could be ascertained. There are almost no
      difficulties caused by the language. The visual results of 100 patients are
      given, 63 of which were under 3 years old; 10 children were aged between 5 and 24
      months. A control group of 30 patients was also tested with Pfluger optotypes,
      and the results were compared; half of them were as good as, half of them --
      mostly slightly -- better than the results gained by the Pfluger-test. We can
      therefore recommend the use of the Catford Apparatus in very young children and
      in such cases where the visual acuit can be determined only under very difficult
      conditions. The results are exact and can be assumed to be the same as with
      Pfluger's optotypes. Moreover, the Catford's apparatus may be also used for the
      testing of aggravants.

PMID- 979050
TI  - [Intraocular solitary granuloma of toxocara canis (author's transl)].
AB  - 5 cases of intraocular Toxocara canis solitary granuloma are demonstrated. The
      coincidence of two different aspects of a disease: pseudocoloboma of the macula
      (toxoplasmosis) in the right and a toxocara solitary granuloma in the left eye of
      the same patient (case 5) perhaps will furnish proof possibility of foetal
      infection (via placenta) by Toxocara canis.

PMID- 979051
TI  - [The fellow eye in acute angle-closure glaucoma (author's transl)].
AB  - With 5 years after the acute angle-closure glaucoma of an eye, in the fellow eye
      the same disease developed in only 15% of cases, but in 42% of cases in spite of
      the preventive miotic therapy a chronic angle-closure glaucoma developed
      unnoticed by the patients. Hence preventive iridectomy is suggested in the fellow
      eye.

PMID- 979052
TI  - [Rehabilitation into employability after traumatic loss of an eye (author's
      transl)].
AB  - After the loss of an eye re-education can become either imperative according to
      present law or because of medical reasons. The insurer's attention should be
      drawn to these facts very early, perhaps already by the accident report, to avoid
      unnecessary long times of incapacity for work.

PMID- 979053
TI  - [The use of peracetic acid for desinfection of tonometers (author's transl)].
AB  - 0.1% Peracetic acid (Wofasteril) is suited for desinfection of tonometers,
      because it has a great rapid microbicidal effect and low concentration. Moreover
      it is very compatible with cornea and conjunctiva.

PMID- 979054
TI  - [Prevention of retinal detachment. Present-day views].

PMID- 979055
TI  - [Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of eye neoplasms in children].

PMID- 979056
TI  - [Cryoapplication in follicular conjunctivitis].

PMID- 979057
TI  - [Topographical evaluation of oculomotor muscle insertion in squint].

PMID- 979058
TI  - [Moebius syndrome (congenital oculofacial paralysis)].

PMID- 979059
TI  - [Source document for electronic transformation of data relating to squint].

PMID- 979060
TI  - [Ocular complications following practolol administration].

PMID- 979061
TI  - [Treatment of intraocular hemorrhage and course of antigulaucomatous surgery in a
      patient with type A hemophilia].

PMID- 979062
TI  - [Eye injury caused by electrical discharge].

PMID- 979063
TI  - [Keratoconus].

PMID- 979064
TI  - [Aniseikonia. I. Definition and classification].

PMID- 979065
TI  - [Aniseikonia. II. Symptoms and methods of measurement].

PMID- 979066
TI  - The effect of saralasin (1sar-8-ala-angiotensin II) on blood pressure in patients
      with Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - To investigate the role of the renin angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of
      hypertension in Cushing's syndrome two patients with hypercorticism were infused
      with 20 mg saralasin (1-sar-8-ala-angiotensin II) over a period of 30 minutes
      under constant blood pressue control. In addition, one patient with primary
      aldosteronism, an established form of mineralocorticoid hypertension, served as
      control. Neither in the two patients with Cushing's syndrome nor in the patient
      with primary aldosteronism could a blood pressure lowering effect of saralasin be
      observed. In the two patients with hypercoritcism both renin activity and plasma
      aldosterone increased during saralasin infusion. The patient with primary
      aldosteronism only showed a weak increase in plasma aldosterone concentration.

PMID- 979067
TI  - Clinical correlates of in vitro effect of adriamycin on advanced lung carcinoma.
AB  - The effect of 1.38 X 10(-5) M adriamycin on tritiated uridine incorporation was
      studied after 3 hours treatment of suspensions of 25 advanced human lung
      carcinomas in vitro. The results were correlated with the responses to clinical
      therapy. All tumours which showed an inhibition of uridine incorporation in vitro
      of more than 40% were also sensitive to clinical treatment with adriamycin.

PMID- 979068
TI  - [Influence of spirolactone on the myocardial potassium balance following
      strophanthin in man (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to examine the question, whether improved digitalis tolerance by
      Spirolactone may be partially a result of antagonism on myocardial potassium
      balance, 6 patients without clinical signs of heart failure were given 400 mg, 3
      were given 200 or 300 mg Spirolactone orally daily and 6 patients received
      placebo during a 5 to 7 days period. During cardiac catheterization hemodynamics
      and serum potassium concentrations were determined repeatedly prior to and
      following intravenous administration of 0,375 to 0,625 mg Strophanthin. Injection
      of Strophanthin resulted in a significant drop in left ventricular enddiastolic
      pressure and a rise in dp/dt max. In the control group a significant increase in
      arterial and coronary sinus potassium concentration was observed. Myocardial
      potassium balance was definitely negative from the third to the eighth minute.
      Values in the group receiving Spirolactone did not differ significantly from the
      placebo group. It is suggested that therapeutic doses of Strophanthin resllt in a
      loss of potassium from the myocardium by inhibition of the Na+, K+ membrane
      ATPase not influenced by pretreatment with Spirolactone.

PMID- 979069
TI  - [Fatty acids in 80 brands of edible vegetable oil and in 14 brands of mayonnaise
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The fatty acid patterns have been defined in 80 commonly used table oils chosen
      at random and of 14 brands of mayonnaise commercially available in West Germany.
      In addition, sterols of the various mayonnaises were analysed. The oils could be
      grouped into 8 different categories: 12 oliver oils, 8 maize oils, 14 soya oils,
      5 linseed oils, 22 sunflower oils, 3 safflower oils, 5 groundnut oils, and 8
      rapeseed oils. As a result of the analyses, it is in almost every case a question
      of a pure variety of non-animal oils. The range of the values obtained for the
      composition of the fatty acids for each variety, which can be considerable,
      represents a modern complement to previous analyses. The fatty acid pattern of 3
      additional commerical table oils suggest an amalgamation with fats of other
      types, among which are 2 cases of mixture with rapeseed oils. For mayonnaise,
      soya oil is used almost exclusively as a fat component. The presence of sunflower
      oil was only confirmed in one brand of mayonnaise. The concentrations of
      cholesterol which were determined lie between 17.0 and 72.3 mg (average 53 mg)
      per 100 g mayonnaise, so that even in the case of persons which present an
      elevated risk of atherosclerosis there can be no objection to the consumption of
      mayonnaise. The nutritive-physiological significance of these various oils for
      human nutrition is thoroughly discussed. A possible health hazard is the sale of
      vegetable oils rich in erucic acid permitted in the West German Republic
      (proportion of erucic acid in the 8 samples examined: 223-53%). These vegetable
      oils, as is shown by the additionally indicated trade names with the
      corresponding supplementary specifications are overwhelmingly labelled as
      vegetable oil (Pflanzenol) or table oil (Speiseol). The purchase prices indicated
      and paid by us for the oils examined are subject to considerable fluctuations
      even for oils of the same quality.

PMID- 979070
TI  - [Significance of forced expiratory vital capacity-curves to detect early
      mechanical alterations in human lungs (author's transl)].
AB  - In persons who have been smoking cigarettes for many years, who have normal
      conventional lung function tests the semilogarithmical plotting of forced
      expiratory vital capacity curves (FEVC) shows statistically significant
      differences in volume changes below 25 per cent of vital capacity when compared
      to FEVC-curves of normal subjects of comparable age. On the basis of the equal
      pressure point theory it is suggested that the simple semilogarithmical plotting
      of FEVC-curves may reveal early mechanical alterations rather than can be shown
      by spirometry and airway resistance measurements.

PMID- 979071
TI  - Serial measurements of total blood volume in patients on maintenance
      hemodialysis.
AB  - In 10 patients on maintenance dialysis red cell and plasma volumes (PV) were
      measured before and after dialysis and several times during the next 3 days in
      order to establish the usual pattern of intravascular variation associated with
      this treatment and to determine whether there was a correlation with dialysis
      induced untoward effects. PV decreased from 23.7 +/- 1.5 before to 20.7 +/- 1.5
      ml/cm body height immediately after dialysis. Unexpectedly it was even
      significantly lower 16 h after (20.1 +/- 1.4 ml/cm). Nevertheless, undesired
      dialysis symptoms had disappeared by that time indicating that they had not been
      caused by a reduction in PV or that the patients had adapted to it. Changes in PV
      correlated better with changes in hematocrit (r = 0.89) than with changes in body
      weight (r = 0.60). Therefore careful determination of the large vessel hematocrit
      offers a reliable estimation of blood volume variations over short periods.

PMID- 979072
TI  - [Incorporation of 4-14C-labeled cholesterol into the cholesterol ester fractions
      of plasma lipoproteins in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In vivo incorporation studies with 4-14C-cholesterol were performed in five
      patients with cirrhosis of the liver. All patients showed low concentrations of
      total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, and a low activity of the lecithin:
      cholesterol acyltransferase activity (LCAT). The pattern of incorporation
      corresponded to the results known from hypercholesterolemic, normocholesterolemic
      and hypertriglyceridemic patients. Low cholesterol ester concentrations and low
      LCAT activity do not modify the pattern of incorporation into the lipoprotein
      ester fractions.

PMID- 979073
TI  - The rationale in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - 1) In chronic gastric ulcer bed rest, leaving out smoking and carbenoxolone have
      increased the rate of healing. 2) In chronic duodenal ulcer it has yet to be
      shown that any medical measure so far significantly altered the course of the
      disease. 3) The surgical approach to the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer is
      based upon three principles, all of them aiming at reducing the acid-pepsin
      secretion: a) Removal of the acid secreting mucosa decreases the acid secretory
      capacity of the stomach; b) Removal of the pyloric antrum eliminates the main
      source of gastrin, the major known humoral excitant of acid secretion; c) Section
      of the vagi probably renders the acid secreting cells less responsive to humoral
      stimulation (Brooks). The major problem, however, which is the prevention of
      recurrent duodenal ulcer is yet unsolved. There is some hope that the new
      receptor blocking agent metiamid is the first step, and there is even more hope
      in that the proceedings of this symposium will show us further steps forward.

PMID- 979074
TI  - Histamine and peptic ulcer: a prospective study of mucosal histamine
      concentration in duodenal ulcer patients and in control subjects suffering from
      various gastrointestinal diseases.
AB  - In a prospective study the histamine content of the mucosa of the body of the
      stomach was measured in 100 patients consisting of control subjects, patients
      with duodenal ulcer and patients suffering from various gastrointestinal
      diseases. The histamine content was found to be 43 mug/g in male control subjects
      (median) while in duodenal ulcer patients levels attained were significantly
      lower by about 30 per cent. In all the other groups of patients histamine
      concentrations in gastric mucosa were found to be "normal". Since in most species
      it is extremely diffcult to alter the mucosal histamine concentration by any form
      of treatment, the diminished histamine content of the gastric mucosa in patients
      with duodenal ulcer seems remarkable. Among several possible explanations offered
      for this finding we think the most likely is that histamine release is increased
      in duodenal ulcer disease.

PMID- 979075
TI  - The role of gastrin in duodenal ulcer surgery.
AB  - The role of gastrin and of serum gastrin analysis in duodenal ulcer disease and
      duodenal ulcer surgery is analysed. As far as etiology and pathogenesis are
      concerned up to now gastrin has never been shown to play a significant role.
      Neither does it provide any diagnostic help in the typical duodenal ulcer disease
      (but it will allow for diagnosis of the retained antrum after Billroth II
      resection and of the Zollinger Ellison syndrome). Gastrin determination therefore
      is not helpful in the choice of the correct operative procedure for the ulcer
      disease. In today's clinical practice its major role consists in the control of
      surgical results. This is illustrated by a prospective randomized study on
      proximal selective vagotomy with and without pyloroplasty. In these patients
      serum gastrin analysis has shown that the omission of pyloroplasty is not
      followed by antral stasis. It furthermore always exhibits the typicel vagotomy
      profile, although vagotomy is incomplete in the 2-DODG-test.

PMID- 979076
TI  - [Enzyme activities of beta-hexosaminidase in urine from patients with renal
      diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - Enzymatic activities of beta-hexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase were
      determined in 24 h urine specimens from patients with renal diseases, from
      individuals with essential hypertension and patients with other diseases.
      Patients suffering from various renal diseases had significantly higher
      activities of the beta-hexosaminidase than individuals with essential
      hypertension or other diseases. However for beta-galactosidase only the mean
      value of the enzymatic activities was elevated. The possible mechanisms causing
      an increase of these enzymes in 24 h urine samples are discussed.

PMID- 979077
TI  - Molecular basis of a control mechanism of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells.
AB  - Personal observations made on the model of isoproterenol-stimulated DNA synthesis
      have pointed out the following: 1) cell hypertrophy precedes constantly the onset
      of DNA synthesis; 2) the length of the G1 phase is mass-dependent; 3)
      accumulation of ribosomes is needed for cell progress through G1; 4) ribosomal
      protein synthesis is involved in cell growth activation. These results together
      with a consideration of the pertinent literature allow us to formulate a
      hypothesis on the control of cell division in mammalian cells. DNA synthesis
      might be the terminal event in a chain of metabolic processes whereby a cell
      adjusts itself to increased functional demands (Increased Functional Demand
      Hypothesis). The main points of this model are the following: the interaction of
      the extracellular effector on the target cells first activates the pre-existent
      protein-synthesizing apparatus of the cell, which in turn brings about the
      activation of the "translation-transcription connecting mechanism" whereby the
      cells adjusts itself to an increased need for protein synthesis. Such a mechanism
      is characterized by cytoplasmic signals arising from the protein-synthesizing
      apparatus of the cell which reach the nucleus and call forth a messenger RNA for
      ribosomal proteins. The latter, once synthesized, protect the nascent ribosomal
      RNA from nuclease attack, resulting in an accumulation of ribosomes in the
      cytoplasm. Once the ribosomes have reached a "critical amount", the cell is
      triggered to enter DNA synthesis. As a link between the enhanced ribosomal RNA
      synthesis and DNA synthesis a reduction in the capacity of the ribonucleotide
      pool as source of DNA precursors has been suggested.

PMID- 979078
TI  - Coagulation studies and platelet function after somatostatin infusion.
AB  - The effect of short- and long-term somatostatin (GIF) administration on
      haemostatic function in man was investigated. The dosage programme applied in
      this study was 250 mug GIF as a bolus injection and 250 mug GIF/h by way of
      infusion. In five healthy volunteers a short-term (3h) treatment resulted in a
      statistically significant drop of platelet count and impairment of platelet
      aggregation at the end of infusion. However, these changes were within the
      physiologically normal range and disappeared after two hours on all subjects.
      Other parameters such as bleeding time, thromboplastin and partial thromboplastin
      time, fibrinogen, fibrin/fibrinogen split products, plasma factor XIII, ethanol
      gelation test were not affected. In two patients with gastric haemorrhage and
      persistent amylasaemia a 67 or 120-h treatment induced no remarkable haemostatic
      defect. By contrast, peptic ulcer bleeding in one patient stopped 60 min after
      starting the GIF infusion. These studies indicated that somatostatin
      administration in man at the dosage programme used neither results in clinical
      evidence indicating bleeding tendency nor does it influence laboratory parameters
      in an apparent way.

PMID- 979079
TI  - [Successful treatment of thyroid storm by continuous plasmapheresis with a blood
      cell separator (author's transl)].
AB  - Continuous plasmapheresis with the IBM blood cell separator showed to be a
      successful therapy in a 26 year old patient with thyroid storm. The patient
      regained consciousness already during plasmapheresis whereby 5 liters of plasma
      were exchanged within 3.5 h. Although 633 mug thyroxine (T4) and 13.6 mug
      triiodothyronine (T3) were removed with the 51 plasma, no fall occurred in total
      serum T4 and T3 levels, probably due to the rapid reflux of thyroid hormones from
      the tissue into the intravascular space. Though total T4 and T3 did not change,
      there was a significant fall in free thyroid hormone levels documented by
      reduction of T3-uptake test and particularily of urine T4 and T3 excretion. These
      findings show that the elevation of thyroid hormone binding sites with donor
      plasma is even more important than the removal of thyroid hormones.

PMID- 979080
TI  - [Lymphocyte stimulation of healthy probands with a "Hodgkin's HL-A type"
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Reported correlations between HL-A type and Hodgkin's disease suggest that
      genetic factors as HL-A associated immune response genes may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease. Assuming that healthy individuals having a
      Hodgkin HL-A constellation may demonstrate impaired immune function mitogen
      stimulation and mixed lymphocyte reaction were carried out. However, lymphocytes
      of 12 persons with a Hodgkin-HL-A type did not show any abnormality in the in
      vitro tests when compared to a control group.

PMID- 979081
TI  - [Chronic alcoholic intoxication and cirrhosis of the liver].

PMID- 979082
TI  - [Clinical and morphological substantiation of immunotherapy and antibiotic
      therapy in acute dysentery].

PMID- 979083
TI  - [Epidemiology of diseases of the veins of the lower extremities and social and
      work rehabilitation].

PMID- 979084
TI  - [Late results of the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 979085
TI  - [Evaluation of the state of the microcirculation by a conjunctival biomicroscopy
      method].

PMID- 979086
TI  - [Role of the thrombocytes in changes in the hemostatic system in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 979087
TI  - [Energy utilization in the skeletal musculature in obesity].

PMID- 979088
TI  - [Dynamics of the complement and lysozyme levels in meningococcal infection].

PMID- 979089
TI  - [Calcinosis of the arteries with the development of symmetrical necrosis of the
      fingers and toes in a female patient with polycystic kidneys].

PMID- 979090
TI  - [Weber's alternating syndrome with hemiplegia in tetanus].

PMID- 979091
TI  - [Cases of anaerobic gas infection].

PMID- 979092
TI  - [Diagnosis of the preinfarct state under the working conditions of specialized
      first aid brigades].

PMID- 979093
TI  - [Prevention is the general line of Soviet public health].

PMID- 979094
TI  - [Blocks of the anteriosuperior branch of the left peduncle of the bundle of His
      in transventricular commissurotomies].

PMID- 979095
TI  - [Combination of myocardial infarct with lung diseases].

PMID- 979096
TI  - [Importance of acoustic studies of the abdomen in diagnosing complications
      following gastric resection].

PMID- 979098
TI  - [Glycoprotein content in the blood serum in acute and chronic viral hepatitis].

PMID- 979097
TI  - [Proteolytic activity of the gastric juice in peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis
      and the possibilities for its pharmacological correction].

PMID- 979099
TI  - [Electolyte makeup of the blood and of the small intestine secretion in chronic
      enterocolitis under differentiated therapy].

PMID- 979100
TI  - [Allergy to cow's milk in the clinical aspects of gastrointestinal diseases].

PMID- 979101
TI  - [Protein and ribonucleic acid metabolism in the central nervous system of rats
      during space flight in the "Kosmos-605" satellite].
AB  - On the 2nd postflight day the activity of neutral protamine peptide hydrolase of
      different compartments of the rat brain did not differ from the control level.
      With respect to the protein and RNA content and concentration motoneurons of
      anterior horns of the spinal cord and their glial-cells-satellites of rats
      exposed to the ground-based synchronous experiment did not differ from those of
      vivarium controls, except cells of the supraoptic nucleus. That was found on the
      2nd and 27th postflight days. On the 2nd postflight day the protein and RNA
      concentration in neurons decreased and the protein concentration and content in
      gliocytes lowered; the RNA concentration and content in Purkinje cells of the
      cerebellum became reduced. On the 27th postflight day the RNA concentration in
      neurons of the supraoptic nucleus remained diminished whereas the protein content
      increased; in spinal motoneurons the protein concentration decreased and in
      adjacent gliocytes the protein concentration and content lowered. All the above
      changes made no more than 15% of the control values.

PMID- 979102
TI  - [Morphological effects in rats following a 22-day space flight].
AB  - A morphological examination of 27 rats flown onboard the biosatellite and
      sacrificed on the 1st-2nd and 26-27th postflight days demonstrated no significant
      changes in the structural organization of the vital organs and systems of the
      animal body. It was, however, found that the space exposure induced
      morphologically detectable changes in the musculo-skeletal system, hemo- and
      lymphopoiesis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and the juxtaglomerular
      apparatus of the kidneys. The changes were reversible and nonspecific, and could
      be seen in animals exposed to ground-based hypokinetic and other stress
      experiments. Postflight the animals developed some reactions that were similar to
      those in humans. This helps to identify the morphological substrate of certain
      changes in the human body and to investigate their pathogenesis.

PMID- 979103
TI  - [Tolerance of +Gz acceleration by pilots with tendencies to hypotensive reactions
      in hot climate conditions].
AB  - During acrobatic flying the acceleration tolerance of healthy and hypotensive
      pilots was studied under hot climate conditions. From the professional point of
      view pilots were very similar. The tolerance was determined on the basis of
      indirect indices derived from flight accelerograms (maximum and median
      acceleration values, number of peaks over 4 g. time of flying). The maximum value
      and the number of peaks of acceleration (+Gz) over 4 g can be recommended as
      practically indicative of the tolerance. The observations showed an adverse
      effect of initial hypotension occurring in hot climate on the acceleration
      tolerance. As compared with the controls, the tolerance decline in 12 hypotensive
      pilots was I.I. g and 0.6 g of the maximum and median values, respectively.

PMID- 979104
TI  - [Human reactions to prolonged centripetal accelerations (+Gz) of small
      magnitudes].
AB  - The effect of centripetal acceleration (+Gz) of low values (0.5-0.6 g) applied
      for four days against the background of relative hypokinesia was investigated.
      The peripheral and intracranial circulations, equilibrium function and
      morphological composition of the capillary blood were examined. During the first
      three centrifugation days the hemodynamic state differed insignificantly from the
      initial level. On the fourth day signs of cardiovascular deconditioning were
      found. This was shown by the orthostatic test. Changes in the peripheral blood
      indicated a moderate stress-reaction that persisted throughout the entire
      experiment. Equilibrium changes that were observed on the first centrifugation
      day regressed and the post-test function did not essentially differ from the
      initial level. The experimental results give evidence that inertia forces can be
      used to diminish the unfavorable effects of hypokinesia.

PMID- 979105
TI  - [Effect of systematic gravitational forces on the external respiration function
      in conditions of prolonged immersion].
AB  - Test subjects were exposed to 13-day water immersion per se or combined with
      centrifugation. The immersion did not influence the state of ventilation and gas
      exchange at rest, diminished significantly the functional capabilities of
      external respiration. An exposure of the test subjects to acceleration during the
      second half of water immersion resulted in the normalization of the functional
      reserves of external respiration. This may be a consequence of an increase in the
      total physical tone of the body.

PMID- 979106
TI  - [Reactions of the human cardiovascular system to orthostasis following high
      altitude adaptation].
AB  - Orthostatic tolerance of 18 healthy test subjects (three groups of 6 persons
      each) who were exposed to an altitude of 2200 m for 12 days and 3200 m for 12
      days was studied. The first group subjects remained in bed with minimized motor
      activity. The second group test subjects rested in bed and twice a day performed
      physical exercises with energy expenditures of 300 kcal/day. The third group
      subjects led a normal mode of life. The studies demonstrated that a prolonged
      restriction of motor activity and a decrease in the blood hydrostatic pressure of
      healthy test subjects in highlands resulted in their diminished orthostatic
      tolerance. Physical exercises proved ineffective in that case. The subjects who
      led a normal mode of life showed increased cardiovascular reactions to
      orthostatic tests.

PMID- 979107
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of ultrastructural changes in the rat myocardium during
      prolonged hypokinesia].
AB  - It was morphometrically shown that during 120-day hypokinesia chromatin
      redistribution was similar in nuclei of myocardial cells of the ventricles of the
      rat heart. Quantitative rearrangements in the mitochondrial apparatus of cells
      were of different pattern. On the 14th hypokinetic day the number of mitochondria
      increased and their size decreased; on the 30th day their size increased and
      their number decreased; on the 45 and 60th day the number and size of
      mitochondria returned to the normal; on the 120th hypokinetic day the number and
      size of mitochondria were higher than the control. Throughout the 120-day
      experimental the ratio of the total area of mitochondria to the total area of
      myofibers varied periodically and by the end of the experimental the
      mitochondrial area increased. Thus, it is obvious that by the 120th hypokinetic
      day myocardial changes increased indicating a new level of cardiac activity
      during prolonged hypokinesia. Quantitative changes in the organelles of the
      myocardium of the left ventricle were more significant than those of the right
      ventricle during the exposure.

PMID- 979108
TI  - [Effect of nerobol on the water-electrolyte balance and kidney function in man
      during 120-day hypokinesia].
AB  - The influence of anabolic steroids on the fluid-electrolyte metabolism and renal
      function of man was studied during a prolonged bed rest experiment. Seven test
      subjects were kept under surveillance. Three test subjects were given nerobol and
      four subjects served as controls. The fluid-electrolyte metabolism and the
      osmoregulatory function of the kidneys were studied. Nerobol induced a decreased
      excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorides and osmotically active
      substances. Nerobol produced the most pronounced effect on the calcium and
      potassium metabolism. The effect of the drug used during the prolonged bed rest
      experiment depended on the time and dosage as well as on the state of fluid
      eletrolyte metabolism and the renal function.

PMID- 979109
TI  - [Diagnostic value of the free amino acid content in blood plasma during human
      dietary protein deificiency].
AB  - The influence of alimentary protein deficiency on the content of free amino acids
      in the blood plasma of man was studied. Changes in the value and arginine
      concentration that correlated with alterations in the protein content in the diet
      were the most consistent. The relationship can be used in the biochemical test to
      detect early stages of protein dificiency in man.

PMID- 979110
TI  - [Human calorimetry in sealed hermetic enclosures].
AB  - The paper gives the results of an experimental assessment of personal
      biocalorimeter and calorimetric garment. The paper is addressed to biologists,
      physiologists and physicians investigating heat exchange and thermal regulation
      of the human body as well as to thephysicists developing calorimetric theories
      and methods. It presents theoretical concepts underlying direct calorimetry of a
      suited man and contains a block-diagram of the biocalorimeter that was used to
      examine energy parameters of the human body, including metabolic rate, heat
      production, heat release and heat balance. The data obtained were statistically
      treated and heat effects were characterized by empiric expressions. It was for
      the first time in medical practice that the personal calorimeter and calorimetric
      garment made it possible to accumulate information on the thermal state of the
      human body. This information helps to diagnose the health condition of man, to
      standardise environmental parameters in aviation, space and such like suits and
      to automatize their maintenance in experimental and real life situations.

PMID- 979111
TI  - [Hegglin's syndrome in flight personnel with atherosclerotic coronary
      cardiosclerosis and its clinical evaluation].
AB  - In order to identify the frequency and degree of the Haggline syndrome, 954
      polycardiograms recorded in 241 patients, aged 39-55, with moderate
      atherosclerotic coronary cardiosclerosis were studied. Certain deviations in the
      mechanical work of the heart were noted. Elongation of the electric systole was
      found in 16% and that of the electro-mechanical in 21.4% of the subjects. This
      suggested metabolism disorders in the heart and reduction of its contractile
      capacity. The study made it possible to identify early abnormalities in the
      mechanical work of the heart that are very important to prevent further adverse
      developments.

PMID- 979112
TI  - [Complex effect of hypokinesia and increased oxygen content on the tolerance of
      animals to carbon monoxide].

PMID- 979113
TI  - [Effect of psychophysiologic self-regulation on the process of pilot training].

PMID- 979114
TI  - [Subjective self-evaluations of the state of operators during prolonged
      tracking].

PMID- 979115
TI  - [Sonic booms--new environmental factor (bases for standardization)].
AB  - The paper discusses physical, psychophysiological and social aspects of a new
      type of sound effects--sonic shocks of supersonic vehicles. An up-to-date
      approach to the standardization of environmental effects should include a study
      of human physiological  responses, comparison of the results of
      psychophysiological scaling with the available standards and prediction based on
      sociological questionnaires. This kind of standardization is illustrated.

PMID- 979116
TI  - [Orthostatic stability in cosmonauts following 30- and 63-day flights in orbital
      station "Salyut-4"].
AB  - Reactions of the circulation system of cosmonauts to the up and down body
      movements were studied after 30-day and 63-day flights. All the four cosmonauts
      showed a decline in the orthostatic tolerance. An improved system of
      countermeasures against unfavourable effects of weightlessness used in the 63-day
      flight helped to maintain a better orthostatic tolerance of the crewmembers than
      that of the 30-day cosmonauts. It is assumed that a rapid increase of orthostaic
      tolerance postflight indicates an adequate maintenance of functional capabilities
      of circulation and suggests possible stimulation of its antigravity mechanisms
      prior to reentry in order to prevent postflight orthostatic disorders. An
      exposure to weightlessness increased the capacity of circulation to counteract
      the blood  redistribution in the cranial direction in the head-down position.
      This capacity became more pronounced and stable with an increase in the flight
      time.

PMID- 979117
TI  - [Reactions of the cardio-respiratory system of cosmonauts to dosed physical loads
      following 30- and 63-day flights in orbital station "Salyut-4"].
AB  - Cardiorespiratory responses of Salyut-4 crewmembers to exercises of 600 kgm/min
      performed for 7 min on a bicycle ergometer in the supine position were studied.
      It was found that the 30- and 63-day flights induced a certain decrease in the
      body response which included a less economic functioning of the cardiorespiratory
      system during exercise. The degree of postflight changes of the 30- and 63-day
      crewmembers was similar. At the same time the cardiorespiratory system of the 63
      day crewmembers returned to the preflight level more rapidly than that of the 30
      day cosmonauts.

PMID- 979118
TI  - [Preliminary results of medical research completed during the flight of the
      second expedition of orbital station "Salyut-4"].
AB  - The 63-day flight of cosmonauts P. I. Klimuk and V. I. Sevastyanov onboard the
      orbital station Salyut-4 has shown that man can well adapt to weightlessness and
      carry out diverse and intensive activities in the weightless state.
      Weightlessness effects on the human body may be both direct and indirect. The
      direct effects include reversal of deformations and mechanical tensions in tissue
      structures, change in the afferent impulsation from receptor zones reacting to
      the gravity effect, blood redistribution, disturbance in the function of sensory
      system. The indirect effects of weightlessness are associated with an unusual
      environment and unusual conditions of work rest, food and water consumption, etc.
      In the course of flight the human body adapts itself to the new environment; this
      is assured by self-regulation of physiological functions aimed at the maintenance
      of a constant level of vitally important parameters. Human adaptation to the
      weightless state can be subdivided into two periods: 1) period of adaptive
      rearrangement and 2) period of relative stabilization. The first period includes
      a rearrangement of functions and regulatory systems of the body. The second
      period can be defined as attainment of an intersystem homeostasis in the human
      body and a relatively stable equilibrium of the body with the environment.
      Incomplete adaptive reactions in shorter flights, e. g. during the first
      expedition of the orbital station Salyut-4 (G. M. Grechko, A. A. Gubarev), may be
      one of the factors responsible for a less favourable development of postflight
      readaptation. Thus, the most important purpose of the medical monitoring and
      prediction in prolonged space missions is to determine how complete or incomplete
      these adaptive reactions are. Relative stabilization can be reached, as a rule,
      after a 1.5 month exposure to weightlessness. However, this time period is rather
      relative since it depends on the characteristic features of the human body. The
      results of medical investigations carried out during and after the 63-day flight
      demonstrated no changes that could prevent from a further increase in the
      duration of future space missions.

PMID- 979119
TI  - [Theroretical aspects of the problem of prognosing the state of the human body
      during space flight].
AB  - The paper presents general principles underlying the construction of mathematical
      systems used to predict the human health status in space flight. It describes
      methods of prediction based on the concepts of homeostasis and general adaptation
      syndrome. The paper discusses applications of methods of statistic approximation
      and expertise estimates to predict changes in different parameters of the Salyut
      crewmembers. It gives an evaluation of the accuracy with which variations in the
      heart rate of the Salyut crewmembers were predicted using a linear model and
      expertise estimates.

PMID- 979120
TI  - [Effect of 22-day space flight factors on the state of the sex glands and
      reproductive capacity of rats].
AB  - The paper presents the results of the morphological examination of tests of the
      Wistar rats flown for 22 days onboard the biosatellite Cosmos-605. Histological,
      histochemical, electron microscopic and biometric investigations of sex glands
      carried out 24-48 hours and 26-27 days postflight show that an exposure of the
      rats to weightlessness and other space flight factors induced no morphological
      changes in the spermatogenic tissue or disorders in the spermatogenic process of
      the rats. The offspring of male rats that were exposed to 22-day weightlessness
      did not differ from the controls with respect to the number of the newborns,
      their weight at birth, weight gain during the first postnatal month, resistance
      to hypoxia, etc.

PMID- 979121
TI  - [Optimization of rotatory tests in electronystagmography].
AB  - The paper discusses optimization of rotatory tests as related to the
      classification of electronystagmograms. It presents criteria of the efficiency of
      the action on the vestibular analyzer taking into account statistical properties
      of different classes of electronystagmograms. The paper shows that the methods of
      variation statistics should be used to determine the category of action. The
      method described has been applied to identify an optimal action in the case of
      electronystagmograms of two classes (normal and pathology of a certain type). An
      action described as a sequence of delta-impulses of an angular acceleration has
      been obtained. A higher efficiency of the optimal action on the vestibular
      analyzer has been shown on the basis of a comparative study.

PMID- 979122
TI  - [Changes in central and peripheral hemodynamics during prolonged anti-orthostatic
      hypokinesia as a model of weightlessness].
AB  - Central and peripheral circulation was studied rheographically in 6 test subjects
      during a 30-day bed rest experiment and in 9 test subjects during a 49-day bed
      rest. The bed rested subjects were kept in a head-down position at an angle of -
      4 degrees. At an early stage of the experiments the cardiac output and stroke
      volume increased, the total peripheral resistance decreased, the tone of major
      regional vessels decreased and that of small vessels increased. During the 3rd
      7th weeks the changes were just the opposite: cardiac output and stroke volume
      decreased, the total peripheral resistance increased the tone of major regional
      vessels increased and that of small vessels decreased. At the end of the bed rest
      experiment the cardiac output and stroke volume increased and the tone of
      regional vessels changed accordingly. Circulation parameters returned to the
      pretest level, at least, 3-4 weeks after the end of the best rest experiments.

PMID- 979123
TI  - [Duration of maintenance of increased bodily resistance with different regimes of
      adapatation to oxygen deficiency].
AB  - The altitude resistance of albino rats was studied via measurements of their
      altitude threshold on the 3rd, 7, 15, 30, 45th days of their step-by-step
      acclimatization to highlands (Tuya-Ashu pass at an altitude of 3200 m), on the
      3rd, 7, 15, 30, 45th days of their nonstep-by-step acclimatization at the Tuya
      Ashu pass and on the 3rd, 7, 15, 30, 45th days of their altitude chamber
      training. The step-by-step acclimatization of animals included their 15-day
      exposure to an altitude of 2200 m and subsequent stay in lowlands where their
      altitude threshold was recorded on the 3rd, 10, 20 30, 40, 60, 80th days. The
      data obtained indicate that step-by-step acclimatization to highlands results in
      a more significant increase of the altitude resistance of the animal body and a
      longer maintenance of the resistance on return to lowlands.

PMID- 979124
TI  - [Method of computing positive pressure in the human lung following space cabin
      decompression].
AB  - The paper presents a mathematical model and differential equations to be used in
      computer-aided estimations of the positive pressure in human lugs upon space
      cabin blast decompression. The paper gives a simplified method of computing the
      pressure which utilizes a special diagram of decompression of a rigid container
      communicating with the cabin through a hole of a constant area. The
      characteristic feature of the method is a simultaneous computation of the air
      outflowing from the lungs and their expansion during decompression. The paper
      illustrates the advantage of the simultaneous computation of the processes and
      specifies the pulmonary regions of positive pressure at given blast
      decompressions. The paper compares theoretical and experimental (data by foreign
      researchers) peak values of the positive pressure in human lungs during blast
      decompression, indicating good agreement of the results.

PMID- 979125
TI  - [Pathomorphologic changes in the organs of rats following chronic inhalation
      exposure to liquid polyethylsiloxane].
AB  - A chronic 90-day inhalation of polyethylsiloxane fluid at a concentration of 10
      and 2 mg/m3 produced local irritation and general toxic effect on rats. Local
      irritation induced catarrhal-desqueamative tracheitis that was accompanied by a
      microfocal interstitial process in the lungs. The general toxic effect gave rise
      to interstitial myocarditis that was followed by focal cardiosclerosis and
      dystrophic lesions of vascular walls and areas of liver parenchyma. Changes in
      the thymus-lymph system and adrenal structure suggested prolonged protective
      tension of the animal body. A chronic 90-day inhalation of polyethylsiloxane at a
      concentration of 0.2 mg/m3 brought about no pathological lesions in the
      microstructure of animal organs.

PMID- 979126
TI  - [Flight staff medical expertise with regard to several forms of myocardial
      disease].
AB  - Cardiovascular disease occupy a major place among the adication required to
      disqualify pilots due to visceral injuries. Surveillance of the persons with
      myocardial lesions of non-coronarogenic (infectious, toxic, allergic) genesis
      suggests that disorders of the myocardial function may be stable, irreversible in
      some cases and transient in others. The expertise evaluation should take into
      consideration the pattern and severity of the clinical picture and the status of
      functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system. The pilots with transient
      or firstly detected disturbances of myocardial excitability and conduction should
      be properly treated and released for 1.5-3 months from flying activites. After
      complete recovery confirmed by a special examination in the hospital they may
      continue flying.

PMID- 979127
TI  - [Quantitative histochemical determination of rat myocardial creatine kinase
      activity in nanogram quantities].

PMID- 979128
TI  - [Effect of orotic acid on the weight dynamics of rats during limited motor
      activity].

PMID- 979129
TI  - [Effect of redistribution of blood in the body on perception of the body's
      position in space].

PMID- 979130
TI  - [Respiratory response to +8gx load with different degrees of subject training].

PMID- 979131
TI  - [Salt balance in humans during 10 days' exposure to a constant environmental
      temperature of 40 degrees].

PMID- 979132
TI  - The microbiological and parasitological status of laboratory animals from
      accredited breeders in the United Kingdom.
AB  - The incidence of significant organisms isolated from mice, hamsters, rats, guinea
      pigs and rabbits from Accredited Breeders in the United Kingdom (1970-1974) is
      recorded. An improvement in quality in the case of mice, rats and guinea-pigs as
      a result of hysterectomy derivation is demonstrated and the importance of the
      various organisms is discussed.

PMID- 979133
TI  - Erythrocyte basophilic stippling in the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - Basophilic stippling of the circulating erythrocytes is characteristic of the
      Mongolian gerbil. Its enzymatic digestion along with the concomitant removal of
      diffuse erythrocytic polychromasia by the action of ribonuclease demonstrates
      that it represents microscopically visible aggregates of cytoplasmic
      ribonucleoprotein, presumably of ribosomal origin. Up to 40% of the total
      circulating erythrocytes may be stippled in foetal and newborn animals. There is
      then a progressive decline in incidence until adult levels are attained at least
      by 20 weeks of age. The bone marrow of the adult gerbil contains a higher
      proportion of stippled red cells than the circulating blood. The stippling can be
      either coarse or fine and observable in both polychromatophilic and orthochromic
      cells. It is suggested that erythrocytes with basophilic stippling are relatively
      immature red cells still demonstrating remnants of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein.

PMID- 979134
TI  - Retinal detachment in the rat.
AB  - Retinal detachment is uncommon in the rat. Retinal atrophy, rosette formation and
      folding of the retina are some of the sequelae following reattachment.

PMID- 979135
TI  - A technique for intravenous injection in the red-eared turtle (Pseudemys scripta
      elegans).
AB  - A technique is described for exposure and injection of the jugular vein in the
      red-eared turtle. Satisfactory anaesthesia and muscular relaxation for this
      procedure was obtained by intramuscular injection of a mixture of chloral hydrate
      and sodium pentobarbital at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg bodyweight. Induction time was 30
      45 minutes. Time for surgical procedure 30-45 minutes. Recovery time 1-8 hours.

PMID- 979136
TI  - A method for the collection of lymph from the prescapular lymph node of
      unanaethetized sheep.
AB  - A method for cannulating the efferent duct of the prescapular lymph node of sheep
      was developed and carried out on over 100 occasions so that lymph could be
      collected from unanaesthetized sheep under physiological conditions. On average
      the lymph flowed at 9 ml/h and contained 15 X 10(6) lymphocytes/ml. The surgical
      procedure and relevant anatomical details are described.

PMID- 979137
TI  - Effect of bodyweight on the rate of glucose uptake by isolated rat muscles.
AB  - The uptake of glucose by isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles was measured
      in rats of 78-350 g bodyweight. The rate of uptake per unit weight of muscle fell
      as the weight of the animal increased. It is concluded that in metabolic studies
      with isolated rat skelatal muscles, only muscles from weight-matched rats should
      be compared.

PMID- 979138
TI  - Lifespan, age changes and tumour incidence in an ageing C57BL mouse colony.
AB  - Detailed data from a colony of C57BL mice kept for research into ageing processes
      are given on weights of 13 organs between the ages of 6 and 30 months;
      pathological findings and x-ray results from animals aged 6, 24 and 30 months;
      age-specific tumour incidences in 24 organs in 3-month period up to 36 months of
      age. Results of previously published age-related studies of reproductive
      capacity, dental abnormalities and brain changes are summarised.

PMID- 979139
TI  - The parasitic ecology of the rodent mite, Myobia musculi. III. Lesions in certain
      host strains.
AB  - Mice (C57BL/6N) from a commercial production colony with ulcerative skin lesions
      were shown to have low level infestations with Myobia musculi. Lesions were
      abolished by exposure to dichlorvos-impregnated plastic strips. Experimental
      reinfestation with M musculi resulted in prompt exacerbation of lesions in
      previously healed mice. Exacerbated lesions were again abolished by subsequent
      dichlorvos treatments. The histopathology of such lesions was shown to be similar
      to those in cats allergic to Otodectes cynotis; and a morphologic basis for an
      allergic interpretation of the myobic lesions in the C57BL/6 mice was described.
      Other evidence supporting an allergic interpretation included the heritability of
      susceptibility to such lesions in certain strains, the paucity of mites required
      for extensive lesions, the chronic duration of infestation required prior to
      lesion development, and the apparent anamnesis to experimental reinfestation. A
      large commercial hybrid production colony requiring C57BL/6 females had an
      incidence of ulcerative lesions (in females) of 20% and depressed reproductive
      indices. Two 48 hour treatments at an interval of 14 days utilizing dichlorvos
      impregnated strips (1 square inch per cage) abolished lesions and elevated
      production indices for a period of 5 months.

PMID- 979140
TI  - Maintenance of axenic mice in open cages in mass air flow.
AB  - The effect of vertical air velocities in mass air flow systems on axenic mice
      maintained in open cages six inches from cages of non-axenic mice was
      investigated. The experiment was designed to exclude all but the airborne route
      of contamination. An airspeed of 10 ffet per minute was sufficient to maintain 15
      of 16 animals in the axenic state in four experiments when personnel activity was
      minimal. During personnel activity, which consisted of changing dirty mouse
      cages, 26 of 32 axenic mice remained uncontaminated in an airstream of 10 and 26
      feet per minute while all mice remained axenic in velocities of 35 and 49 feet
      per minute.

PMID- 979142
TI  - A survey of fur mites in domestic rabbits.
AB  - A survey of six commercial rabbit colonies was conducted to determine the
      prevalence of the mite Cheyletiella parasitvorax. This mite was present in all
      six colonies, and 43.2% of 220 rabbits examined were infested. Listrophorus
      gibbus, reported only once previously in domestic rabbits in the United States,
      was found in four of the six colonies, and in 7.3% of the 220 rabbits examined.
      Non-parasitic mites were found in 3.2% of the samples. Over 50% of the rabbits
      examined had inapparent mite infestations.

PMID- 979141
TI  - Cell mediated immunity in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger): in vitro
      lymphocyte transformation.
AB  - The cell mediated immune system of the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) was
      examined using both in vivo and in vitro methods. An in vitro lymphocyte
      transformation microassay was developed utilizing tritiated thymidine
      incorporation into spleen cells stimulated by the nonspecific mitogen,
      phytohemagglutinin-M. Peak stimulation of blastogenesis occurred between 48 and
      72 hours of incubation with 5 X 10(6) cells/ml in 12.5 mul phytohemagglutinin
      M/ml. In spleen cell cultures from chinchillas sensitized 2 weeks previously with
      Freund's complete adjuvant plus additional Mycobacterium tuberculosis, incubation
      of 2.5 X 10(6) or 5 X 10(6) cells/ml with 50 mug/ml of the specific antigen,
      purified protein derivative, produced marked blastogenesis after 96 hours. The
      blastogenic response of the chinchilla to this specific antigen was
      extraordinarily high when compared with transformation responses of canine,
      bovine and avian peripheral blood lymphocytes utilizing a similar microassay
      system. The macroscopic in vivo delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response to an
      intradermal injection of 10 mug purified protein derivative into chinchillas
      previously sensitized with Freund's complete adjuvant plus Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis appeared to be deficient. Grossly, erythema and induration were very
      slight or absent; however, histologically a slight cutaneous inflammatory
      response of mixed but predominantly mononuclear leukocytes was observed. The
      chinchilla's unique ability to display an extraordinary in vitro lymphocyte
      transformation response and its apparent inability to mount a consistent
      observable delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response makes it an excellent
      model for the further study of the relationship of these phenomena to the total
      concept of cell mediated immunity.

PMID- 979143
TI  - Studies on the peripheral blood and the in vitro response of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes to common mitogens in Macaca speciosa.
AB  - In a longitudinal study on 13 adult female stumptailed macaques, Macaca speciosa,
      peripheral blood samples were analyzed hematologically and the in vitro response
      of the lymphocytes to the common mitogens concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin and
      pokeweed mitogen were investigated. The results showed that the total leukocyte
      and differential counts in each animal remained quite stable throughout the 3
      month experiment. The responses in culture to the mitogens showed that there were
      differences in the stimulation obtained by each mitogen and that the animals may
      be placed into high, medium and low groups based on differences in their level of
      response.

PMID- 979144
TI  - The in vitro response to phytomitogens of marsupial leukocytes.
AB  - Leukocytes from two macropod marsupials, the quokka (Setonix brachyuras) and the
      tammar (Macropus eugenii) were separated from whole blood by dextran
      sedimentation and established in culture with either phytohemagglutinin-P,
      concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen. The leukocyte response to each mitogen, as
      measured by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA, was similar to
      that described in other experimental systems. These results suggest that the
      functional elements of the cellular immune response in marsupials may have
      evolved along very similar lines to those in the eutherian mammals.

PMID- 979145
TI  - Apparent acaridal dermatitis in a C57BL/6 Nya mouse colony.
AB  - Dermatitis in a breeding colony of black (C57BL/6 Nya) mice was characterized by
      intense pruritus leading to self-mutilation and death. The cause appeared to be
      infestation with the mite, Myobia musculi. Ulceration of the skin resulted in
      exudation of serum proteins and exposure of the animals' immune defenses to
      microorganisms and irritants, with subsequent hyperplasia of regional lymph nodes
      and spleen. Affected mice had an increase in sessile plasma cells, serum
      immunoglobulin concentration, and percent of circulating granulocytes. The mites
      were eliminated by treatment with a dichlorvos-ronnel combination in liquid form,
      which was dispensed onto the bedding with an automatic syringe. The incidence of
      dermatitis was reduced to zero. Our experience with M musculi in two other
      strains of mice, both white, indicates that pathogenicity of this mite for mice
      varies according to the strain, sex, age, and individual differences in
      sensitivity of the mice as well as the mating ratios employed.

PMID- 979146
TI  - Facial alopecia in the rabbit associated with Cheyletiella parasitivorax.
AB  - A facial dermatitis characterized by alopecia over the frontal area with varying
      degrees of erythema and scale formation was observed in 46 newly arrived New
      Zealand White rabbits within a 5-month period. The clinical history, nature of
      the lesion, and laboratory findings indicated that the mite Cheyletiella
      parasitivorax was the most likely cause of the dermatitis.

PMID- 979147
TI  - A comparison of ketamine and the combination ketamine-xylazine for effective
      surgical anesthesia in the rabbit.
AB  - Ketamine alone and the combination ketamine-xylazine were evaluated as surgical
      anesthetics in rabbits. It was found that ketamine alone provided inadequate
      analgesia for ventral abdominal incisions or exposure of the femur. The
      combination of xylazine with ketamine did provide adequate enalgesia for both
      surgical procedures.

PMID- 979148
TI  - A device to protect indwelling catheters in miniature swine.
AB  - A simple, sturdy metal box was designed and utilized to protect indwelling
      central venous and aortic arch catheters in miniature swine. These catheters were
      easily maintained for 14 days in unrestrained, free-roaming animals while precise
      amounts of fluids were infused, serial blood samples were taken, and blood
      pressure recordings and cardiac output measurements were made.

PMID- 979149
TI  - Dermatophilosis in the marble lizard (Calotes mystaceus).
AB  - Dermatophilus congolensis was isolated from cutaneous hyperkeratotic nodules of
      two marble lizards. The organism was similar to strains of D congolensis
      previously characterized as mammalian pathogens. The isolate was experimentally
      transmitted to other marble lizards and to Spb:(SW)BR mice by subcutaneous
      inoculation and by topical application after skin scarification.

PMID- 979150
TI  - A mouse restrainer for intravenous injections.

PMID- 979151
TI  - An inexpensive easily constructed feeder for mice.

PMID- 979152
TI  - A rapid method for bone marrow aspiration in the rat.

PMID- 979153
TI  - A technique for repeated open circuit oxygen consumption determinations in the
      curarized rat under anesthesia.

PMID- 979154
TI  - Leg lesions in hamsters caused by wood shavings.

PMID- 979155
TI  - Colicin inactivation by bacteria.

PMID- 979156
TI  - Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by macrophages its possible role in cell-mediated
      antibacterial immunity.

PMID- 979157
TI  - A technique for the measurement of oxygen consumption in small aquatic organisms.

PMID- 979158
TI  - Loss of 4-(14)C-cholesterol in dog serum to poly-propylene pipette-tips in low
      activity work.

PMID- 979159
TI  - Vertical gel electrophoretic analysis in slabs: a simple apparatus.

PMID- 979160
TI  - Easily constructed restraining cage for collection of blood from the rat's tail.

PMID- 979161
TI  - Uptake and transport of exogenous proteins by respiratory epithelium.
AB  - The tracer proteins, horseradish peroxidase and ferritin, placed in the trachea
      of guinea pigs were taken up by epithelial cells and transported to the
      extracellular space. The interval between the introduction of the tracer proteins
      into the lumen of the trachea and the morphologic demonstration of the porteins
      in the extracellular space or within the basal portion of the cells was between
      30 and 60 minutes. The proteins were transported in vesicles and no penetration
      of the epithelial intercellular tight junctions was found. The intercellular
      tight junctions were made permeable to horseradish peroxidase by anesthetic ether
      and this permeable epithelium was compared to the vesicle type transport.
      Transepithelial transport of proteins is a possible mechanism for the
      introduction of antigenic material into the subepithelial lymphoid tissue and
      this transport may also be of importance in the late onset type of asthma.

PMID- 979163
TI  - Indentations of the glomerular basement membrane in renal diseases. A light and
      electron microscopic study on ultrathin serial sections.
AB  - Indentations of the glomerular basement membrane were observed by light
      microscopy in ultrathin Epon-embedded serial sections from the renal biopsies of
      patients who had membranous glomerulonephritis, minimal change glomerulonephrits,
      acute or resolving exudative glomerulonephritis and focal glomerulonephrits,
      interstitial nephritis, amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or ankylosing
      spondylitis. In patients with membranous glomerulonephritis, acute or resolving
      exudative glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, or rheumatoid arthritis, the
      occurrence of indentations in the glomerular basement membrane differed
      significantly from that in controls. The presence of indentations did not
      correlate with proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia, arterial hypertension, or
      with the nephrotic syndrome or its treatment with steroids. Examination of
      alternate serial sections by light and be electron microscopy showed that the
      indentations that were light microscopically visible corresponded to craters on
      the epithelial surface of the glomerular basement membrane seen in the electron
      microscope. These craters contained protruding portions of the epithelial cells,
      extracellular electron-lucent material or electron-dense amorphous or striated
      membranous material. They were often surrounded by spikelike protrusions of the
      lamina densa. These indentations might represent solitary remnants of former
      subepithelial deposits.

PMID- 979162
TI  - Isolation of phagocytic cells from the rat renal glomerulus.
AB  - A method is described for the dissociation of rat glomerular cells in vitro.
      Isolated endothelial cells were characterized by the persistence of fenestrae.
      Mesangial cells showed a variety of morphologic appearances; if dissociation was
      performed after an intravenous injection of ferritin, such cells were identified
      by the presence of large ferritin-filled vacuoles. Intact epithelial cells were
      rarely seen, presumably because they did not survive the separation procedure. In
      culture, a high proportion of cells adhered to glass surfaces, were phagocytic,
      and had labeled heavily in vivo with ferritin; they were, thus, considered to be
      mesangial in origin. Receptors for immunoglobulin (Fc) and complement (c3) were
      also detected in such cells after 24 hours in culture, but not immediately after
      dissociation. Our findings suggest that a population of isolated glomerular
      cells, probably comprising mainly mesengial cells, is highly phagocytic and has
      the potential to develop Fc and C3 receptors. We propose that this technique
      offers a useful approach for the delineation of glomerular cell properties and
      functions.

PMID- 979164
TI  - Loss of sulfated proteoglycan from the surface of rabbit platelets during
      adenosine 5'-diphosphate-induced aggregation.
AB  - Rabbit platelets were labeled in vivo by intravenous injection of 35SO4=60 hours
      before the animals were exsanguinated. The labeled platelets were washed and
      resuspended in Tyrode's solution containing 0.35 per cent albumin. The aggregated
      normally upon the addition of ADP and during aggregation 14.0 +/- 2.7 per cent
      (mean +/- standard deviation) of the labeled material was lost into the
      suspending medium. The extent of loss was dependent on ADP concentration and was
      inhibited by inhibitors of ADP-induced aggregation (AMP, ATP, adenosine,
      prostaglandin E1, parachloromercuribenzensulfonate and lack of calcium). Since
      neither release of granule contents nor lysis occurs when rabbit platelets are
      aggregated by ADP, it was concluded that the labeled material that was lost had
      been part of the surface coat of the platelets. The labeled material has been
      identified in other studies as a proteoglycan in which the mucopolysaccharide is
      principally chondroitin sulfate A. Loss of this material did not make the
      platelets unresponsive to ADP. The platelets did not reincorporate labeled
      proteoglycan from plasma. Thrombin caused the release of 50 to 80 per cent of the
      total platelet-labeled material, presumably from both the granules and the
      surface. The functional significance of the loss of surface proteoglycan during
      platelet aggregation is unknown.

PMID- 979165
TI  - A morphologic study of rabbit bronchial lymphoid aggregates and lymphoepithelium.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies of the rabbit bronchial mucosa were performed with
      scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The former revealed that the
      bronchus-associated lymphoid aggregates could be distinguished from the
      surrounding tissue, since they were covered with epithelial cells possessing
      microvilli but not cilia. These lymphoepithelial cells were irregularly placed
      and provided crevices of varying dimensions at their junctions with other cells.
      On transmission electron microscopy, these cells showed scanty cytoplasm, several
      mitochrondria, few other organelles and only rare phagosomes. Just below the
      epithelium in the lymphoid aggregates, basophil-like cells were seen regularly
      and were also found in the lymphoepithelium and adjacent normal bronchila
      epithelium, here lying between cells above the basement membrane. The possible
      origin of these cells and their potential relationship to lung defense and
      hypersensitivity disease are discussed.

PMID- 979166
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of hepatic ultrastructure: secondary, backscattered,
      and transmitted electron imaging.
AB  - Several methods of tissue preparation and different modes of operation of the
      scanning electron microscope were used to study the ultrastructure of rat liver.
      Rat livers were perfusion fixed with buffered 2 per cent paraformaldehyde or a
      mixture of 1.5 per cent paraformaldehyde and 1 per cent glutaraldehyde and
      processed as follows. Tissue blocks were postfixed in buffered 2 per cent osmium
      tetroxide followed sequentially by the ligand-mediated osmium binding technique,
      dehydration and cryofracture in ethanol, and critical point drying. They were
      then examined without metal coating in the scanning electron microscope operating
      in the secondary electron and backscattered electron modes. Fifty-micrometer
      sections were cut with a tissue sectioner, stained with lead citrate, postfixed
      with osmium, dehydrated, critical point dried, and examined in the secondary
      electron and back-scattered electron modes. Frozen sections (0.25 to 0.75 mum.
      thick) were cut by the method of Tokuyasu (Toluyasu KT: J Cell Biol 57:551, 1973)
      and their scanning transmission electron microscope images were examined either
      with a scanning transmission electron microscope detector or with a conversion
      stub using the secondary electron detector. Secondary electron images of the
      liver prepared by ligand-mediated osmium binding and subsequent cryofracture
      revealed such intracellular structures as cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum,
      lysosomes, mitochondria, lipid droplets, nucleolus and nuclear chromatin, as well
      as the usual surface morphology, Lipocytes in the perisinusoidal space were
      readily identified. Backscattered electron images. Unembedded frozen sections had
      little drying artifact and were virtually free of freezing damage. The scanning
      transmission electron microscope image revealed those organelles visualized by
      the secondary electron mode in the ligand-mediated osmium binding-treated tissue.

PMID- 979167
TI  - The initial structural lesion in serum-induced demyelination in vitro.
AB  - Myelinated cultures of mouse spinal cord were exposed to sera obtained from
      rabbits affected by experimental allergic encephalomyelitis following challenge
      with whole white matter in complete Freund's adjuvant. In the presence of
      complement, the tissue response begins with an increased birefringence of its
      myelin sheaths. This is rapidly followed by a gamut of changes leading to
      demyelination. This study reports that, in the absence of complement, the
      response is arrested at the stage of increased birefringence. In this way, this
      early stage of the demyelinating process was available for detailed examination
      by light and electron microscopy. The brightened myelin sheaths appeared with a
      few hours of exposure and were seen around all axons and sometimes around cell
      bodies. This was often accompanied by abrupt breaks in the sheaths and angularly
      shaped myelin figures. Examination by electron microscope revealed a uniform
      increase in the myelin period from 11 nm. to 22 nm. The normally double
      intraperiod line was increased to four electron-dense leaflets, the additional
      two appearing to be derived from the close apposition of an additional electron
      dense layer on the outer surface of the myelin sheath or oligodendrocytic
      membrane. Oligondendrocytes responsed with a prolific growth of processes whose
      membranes compacted to form swollen myelin. Neurons, astrocytes, and neuropil
      showed no changes. In its early stages, at least, the swelling was reversible. It
      would appear, therefore, that we have isolated the first stage of antiserum
      induced demyelination in vitro, a stage which is now available for further study.

PMID- 979168
TI  - Thorarche--a seasonal influence but no secular trend.

PMID- 979169
TI  - Premarital sexual permissiveness and contraceptive knowledge: a biracial
      comparison of college students.

PMID- 979170
TI  - Prolonged anaesthesia.

PMID- 979171
TI  - Proximal femoral epiphyseal separation in the dog.

PMID- 979173
TI  - Therapy of anal sacculitis in the dog.

PMID- 979172
TI  - Lameness in two young dogs caused by a calcified body in the joint capsule of the
      elbow.

PMID- 979174
TI  - The structure of canine urinary calculi.

PMID- 979175
TI  - Lateral spinal decompression in the dog.

PMID- 979177
TI  - A survey of the use of non-graduate staff in Midland practices.

PMID- 979176
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in a cat.

PMID- 979179
TI  - Postgraduate preparation for occupational medicine.

PMID- 979178
TI  - The canine urinary bladder and prostate.

PMID- 979180
TI  - The future of occupational medicine.

PMID- 979181
TI  - Hospital admissions of fishermen from the fishing grounds around the Shetland
      Islands.

PMID- 979182
TI  - A method of developing the psychiatric resources of an occupational health team.

PMID- 979183
TI  - Disaster planning.

PMID- 979184
TI  - Lead absorption in police small-arms instructors.

PMID- 979185
TI  - Manufacturing processes: hard metal.

PMID- 979186
TI  - Authoritarianism and racial prejudice in Australia: a reply to Thomas.

PMID- 979187
TI  - Authoritarianism in Queensland: a reply to Ray.

PMID- 979188
TI  - The self-concept of delinquents in a behavior modification treatment program.

PMID- 979189
TI  - The voice of personality: stereotyped judgments and their relation to voice
      quality and sex of speaker.

PMID- 979190
TI  - Physical attractiveness and the attribution of epilepsy.

PMID- 979191
TI  - Body-cathexis and self-esteem: a reanalysis of the differential contribution of
      specific body aspects.

PMID- 979192
TI  - Street addict values: a factor analytic study.

PMID- 979193
TI  - Birth order and institutionalization of the aged.

PMID- 979194
TI  - The expression of belief in internal control as a strategic response.

PMID- 979195
TI  - Some relationships between punishment, stuttering, and galvanic skin responses.
AB  - The simultaneous effects of response-contingent punishment on stuttering
      behaviors and the frequency of galvanic skin response (GSR) deflections for 10
      subjects were investigated. GSR's and stuttering responses were recorded during
      base rate, treatment, and extinction conditions. The subjects demonstrated a 50%
      or greater decrease in stuttering frequency during the treatment condition.
      Combined data for all subjects indicated that the mean frequency of GSR
      deflections remained stable or declined across conditions of the study. Analysis
      of individual data revealed that GSR deflections during treatment as compared
      with base rate increased for four subjects, remained essentially the same in two
      subjects, and decreased for four subjects. These results suggest that
      experimental procedures which result in functional punishment effects on
      stuttering frequency may not be associated with any predictable pattern on
      concomitant autonomic arousal.

PMID- 979196
TI  - The influence of duration on the effects of time-out from speaking.
AB  - The influence of the variable of duration on the effects of time-out from
      speaking was investigated. Forty-five adolescent and adult stutterers
      participated in a study which examined the relative effects of time-out of one,
      five, 10, and 30 seconds and no time-out. Response-contingent time-out from
      speaking of all four durations resulted in significant reductions in stuttering
      frequency while the no time-out control showed no change. Although longer
      durations tended to effect greater reductions in stuttering frequency, no
      reliable differences between time-out durations were found. It was concluded that
      the punishing effects of the time-out from speaking procedure were predominantly
      due to its involving contingent interruption of speaking, and that the actual
      duration of the period of silence was comparatively unimportant. Present findings
      seems to provide little support for the notion that time-out from speaking
      primarily represents time-out from positive reinforcement.

PMID- 979197
TI  - Damage risk: an evaluation of the effects of exposure to 85 versus 90 dBA of
      noise.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the damage risk of 85 and 90 dBA of
      white noise for equivalent full-day exposures. The damage risk of the two noise
      levels was determined by comparing the temporary threshold shift (TTS) of 12
      subjects exposed to either 85 or 90 dBA of white noise for equivalent half- and
      full-day exposures. TTS was determined by comparing the pre- and postexposure
      binaural audiograms of each subject at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz. It was concluded
      that the potential damage risk, that is, hazardous effect, of 90 dBA is greater
      than 85 dBA of noise for equivalent full-day exposures. The statistical
      difference between the overall effects of equivalent exposures to 85 dBA as
      compared to 90 dBA of noise could not be traced to any one frequency. The damage
      risk of a full-day exposure to 85 dBA is equivalent to that of a half-day
      exposure to 90 dBA of noise. Within the limits of this study, TTSt was as
      effective as TTS2 for estimating the damage risk of noise exposure.

PMID- 979198
TI  - An electromyographic study of velopharyngeal function in speech.
AB  - Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were obtained from the levator palatini,
      superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, palatoglossus,
      and palatopharyngeus muscles of three talkers of American English. Bipolar hooked
      wire electrodes were used. Each subject read nonsense words composed of three
      vowels (/i, a, u/), six stop consonants (/p, b, t, d, k, g/), and two nasal
      consonants (/m, n/) to form various stop-nasal and nasal-stop contrasts. Multiple
      repetitions of each utterance type were recorded and subsequently processed by
      computer. The levator palatini was found to be the primary muscle of
      velopharyngeal closure for each of the subjects. The palatopharyngeus also showed
      consistent oralization activity for each of the subjects, although the activity
      of this muscle was strongly affected by vowel environment. Two subjects showed
      pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity related to oral articulation, but
      pharyngeal constrictor activity for the third subject was related to vowel
      quality. Nasal articulation was accomplished by suppression of oral articulation
      for each subject. Vowel quality affected the strength of EMG signals for lateral
      and posterior pharyngeal wall muscles. In those cases where activity was
      different for the three vowels, activity was greatest for /a/.

PMID- 979199
TI  - Self- versus investigator-administered presumed fluency reinforcing stimuli.
AB  - The effects of self-administered and investigator-administered presumed fluency
      reinforcing monetary rewards for perceived fluency increases on the disfluency
      frequency rate of 17 adult stutterers were studied. Subjects read aloud during 11
      one-minute segments under three conditions: one in which no reinforcer was
      administered at the end of each one-minute segment, a self-administered
      reinforcement condition, and an investigator-administered reinforcement
      condition. Although less stuttering was found in the two experimental conditions
      (with significantly less stuttering occurring in the self-administered fluency
      reinforcing condition than in the control condition), an increase in stuttering
      was observed in those reading segments which followed the administration of
      presumed fluency reinforcing stimuli. These results were interpreted to suggest
      that although the concept of self-reinforcement may be clinically useful, the
      operant learning paradigm may be insufficient in providing an adequate
      description of the events taking place following the administration of fluency
      contingent reinforcing or punishing stimuli.

PMID- 979200
TI  - A cineradiographic study of articulation in two talkers with temporarily induced
      oral sensory deprivation.
AB  - Cineradiography was used to study the behavior of the lips, tongue, and mandible
      in two subjects talking normally and under the influence of trigeminal nerve
      block anesthesia. The speech sample consisted of isolated words and sentences.
      The nerve block was administered to eliminate somesthetic sensation in all of the
      oral articulators except the jaw. Frame-by-frame measurements of lip protrusion,
      tongue position, and jaw placement were taken from the film data for selected
      stops, glides, fricatives, and vowels in the speech sample. Comparison of these
      measurements from the normal and nerve-block condition revealed the following
      changes in the nerve-block data: (1) reduction in context-appropriate lip
      protrusion and loss of precision in lip closure activity, which was more
      noticeable for the upper than the lower lip; (2) a reduction in the precision of
      tongue articulations particularly on contacts for lingua-alveolar and lingua
      velar consonants, apical retroflexion on glides, and steady state postures for
      lingua-palatal fricatives and vowels; and (3) noticeable alterations in
      inferior/superior jaw position which was systematically closer to the maxilla for
      bilabial consonant closures and often reduced or extended in excursion for vowels
      and other consonants. The data are discussed in terms of the relative effects of
      an oral somesthetic feedback deficit on speech production, and also with respect
      to compensation within the articulatory system under conditions of sensory
      deprivation.

PMID- 979201
TI  - Traits attributed to stuttering and normally fluent males.
AB  - To determine if a stereotype of the "typical stutterer" exists and to identify
      possible differences in that sterotype due to exposure to stuttering, seven
      groups of subjects having a wide range of possible exposure to stutterers rated
      four hypothetical concepts (typical eight-year-old male, typical eight-year-old
      male stutterer, typical adult male, and typical adult male stutterer) on 25
      scales arranged in a semantic differential format. These bipolar scales were
      derived from words previously judged by speech clinicians as descriptive of
      stutterers and antonyms of those words. It was concluded that a strong stereotype
      of a stutterer's personal characteristics exists, that the stereotype is
      predominantly unfavorable, that the stereotype is essentially unaffected by
      amount of exposure to actual stutterers, and that the traits attributed to boys
      and men who stutter are similar. Some implications of the study are discussed.

PMID- 979202
TI  - Second formant transitions of selected consonant-vowel combinations in the speech
      of deaf and normal-hearing children.
AB  - Although it is well known that the speech produced by the deaf is generally of
      low intelligibility, the sources of this low speech intelligibility have
      generally been ascribed either to aberrant articulation of phonemes or
      inappropriate prosody. This study was designed to determine to what extent a
      nonsegmental aspect of speech, formant transitions, may differ in the speech of
      the deaf and of the normal hearing. The initial second formant transitions of the
      vowels /i/ and /u/ after labial and alveolar consonants (/b, d, f/) were compared
      in the speech of six normal-hearing and six hearing-impaired adolescents. In the
      speech of the hearing-impaired subjects, the second formant transitions may be
      reduced both in time and in frequency. At its onset, the second formant may be
      nearer to its eventual target frequency than in the speech of the normal
      subjects. Since formant transitions are important acoustic cues for the adjacent
      consonants, reduced F2 transitions may be an important factor in the low
      intelligibility of the speech of the deaf.

PMID- 979203
TI  - The ability of stutterers and nonstutterers to initiate and terminate phonation
      during production of an isolated vowel.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that stutterers have difficulty initiating and
      terminating phonation independent of the acts of running speech and stuttering.
      Ten young adult stutterers served as the experimental group. They were matched as
      a group for age and sex with 10 normal speakers. Subjects from both groups were
      tested individually. The experimental task required that subjects start and stop
      phonation as quickly as possible upon hearing each member of a seried of 1000-Hz
      pure tones appear and then disappear. Subjects' vocalizations were permanently
      recorded on an optical oscillograph. Results showed that both groups improved
      (shortened) their voice initiation and termination times from the beginning to
      the end of the experiment. Typically, however, the stutterers were significantly
      slower than the control subjects on most of the temporal measures.

PMID- 979204
TI  - Temporal acuity in listeners with sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Temporal acuity, the minimum time interval within which the auditory system can
      discriminate the order of auditory events, was measured for three listeners with
      normal hearing and for 10 listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. Eight of the
      10 listeners with sensorineural loss showed better temporal acuity for conditions
      with greater loss. The remaining two listeners showed the opposite effect. The
      temporal acuity results are not well correlated with either speech discrimination
      scores or measures of recruitment. The temporal acuity results do appear to be
      correlated with results observed in studies of temporal integration or brief-tone
      audiometry. Listeners with sensorineural loss tend to have both poor temporal
      integration and good temporal acuity. This suggests that the two temporal
      measures may reflect a single time constant in the auditory system.

PMID- 979205
TI  - An examination of the semantic relations reflected in the language usage of
      normal and language-disordered children.
AB  - Language samples were obtained from 40 children in order to examine semantic
      relations reflected in language usage as a function of chronological age (three
      and five years) and linguistic status (normal and language disordered). Normal
      disordered comparisons were made under both matched utterance length and matched
      age conditions. Results are interpreted as supporting the notion that the
      disordered-language usage reflected semantic relations consistent with an earlier
      level of development.

PMID- 979206
TI  - Anatomical and neuromuscular maturation of the speech mechanism: evidence from
      acoustic studies.
AB  - This paper surveys acoustic studies of speech development and discusses the data
      with respect to the anatomical and neuromuscular maturation of the speech
      mechanism. The acoustic data on various aspects of speech production indicate
      that the accuracy of motor control improves with age until adult-like performance
      is achieved at about 11 or 12 years, somewhat after the age at which speech sound
      acquisition usually is judged to be complete. Other topics of discussion are (1)
      problems in the spectrographic analysis of children's speech, (2) formant scale
      factors that relate children's and adults' data, and (3) identification and
      diagnosis of developmental disorders through acoustic analyses of speech sounds.

PMID- 979207
TI  - Complement structures in the language of deaf students.
AB  - Four hundred and twenty-seven deaf students (age 10 to 19 years) and 60 hearing
      children (age eight to 10 years) judged the grammaticality of sample sentences
      which contained infinitival or gerundive complements. Results indicated
      improvement with increasing age for deaf students. Even the youngest hearing
      students consistently obtained higher scores than most of the deaf students.
      Although the function of the complement (as subject or object) did not make a
      difference in performance, the type of complement did. POSS-ing complements were
      easier than for-to complements. Verb type also influenced performance.

PMID- 979208
TI  - The effects of stimulability on the articulation of /s/ relative to cluster and
      word frequency of occurrence.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of stimulability on the articulation of
      cluster nested /s/ in high- and low-frequency clusters and words. A good
      stimulability group and a poor stimulability group of /s/-defective seven-year
      old children were investigated. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant
      differences between the articulatory performances of the two groups on words or
      clusters occurring with high or low frequency. Subjects in the good stimulability
      group obtained significantly fewer errors on the test stimuli than did subjects
      in the poor stimulability group. Correlational analyses indicated that
      stimulability was positively correlated with correct numbers of /s/ productions
      in both clusters and words occurring with both high and low frequency. Subjects'
      spontaneous /s/ errors on the Templin-Darley screening test were not found to be
      correlated with their stimulability scores or their imitative /s/ productions in
      words and clusters occurring with high or low frequencies.

PMID- 979209
TI  - The influence of three phonological rules of black English on the discrimination
      of minimal work pairs.
AB  - Minimal word pairs that are presumed to be perceptually difficult to
      differentiate when spoken in black English were examined relative to (1) black
      children's performance in differentiating the meanings of their own word pair
      productions and those of other blacks and whites and (2) white children's
      performance in differentiating the meanings of word pairs produced by black
      children. Perceptual errors were significantly greater for whites listening to
      word pairs produced by blacks than for blacks listening to themselves, other
      blacks, or whites. No significant differences were found among blacks listening
      to themselves, other blacks, and whites. Perceptual errors followed predictable
      patterns that were influenced by three phonological rules of black English. Also,
      the data suggest that there are phonemic cues that are imperceptible to non-black
      English speakers which allow black-English speakers to differentiate word pairs.

PMID- 979210
TI  - Factors contributing to the reduction of stuttering during singing.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine if the reduction of stuttering typically
      observed during singing is associated with altered vocalization or the
      familiarity of the melody and lyrics of the song sung by the stutterer, or both.
      Subjects were eight adult male stutterers. Prior to testing, each of these
      individuals demonstrated that he knew the melody and lyrics of a well-known song
      from memory. Subsequently, subjects were asked to read these lyrics aloud and
      then sing them. Next, subjects had to read aloud and then sing a set of
      unfamiliar lyrics to the conventional melody of the same song. The stutterers'
      reading and singing performances were audiotaped. The dependent measures of
      utterance duration and stuttering frequency were extracted from the tapes.
      Results showed that subjects' utterance durations were significantly longer
      during singing than reading. The main effects of singing and familiarity were
      both associated with significant reductions in stuttering frequency. The greatest
      decrement in stuttering occurred in the condition where subjects sang the
      familiar melody and lyrics. These findings were interpreted to mean that changes
      in vocalization cannot account for all of the decrease in stuttering that occurs
      during singing. During song, the familiarity of the melody and lyrics being
      produced may also affect stuttering frequency.

PMID- 979211
TI  - Latency of vocalization onset: stutterers versus nonstutterers.
AB  - Eleven stutterers and matched controls were asked to produce as quickly as
      possible each of 26 different syllables following a visual stimulus. Three trials
      were given for each syllable. Responses were filtered to remove supraglottally
      produced sounds, and the time between the visual stimulus and the onset of
      vocalization was measured by a voice-operated relay and a computer's internal
      clock. The results suggested that stutterers are slower in initiating
      vocalization across a wide variety of syllables, and the difference averages
      about 65 msec. Furthermore, when phonologic conditions delayed voice onset by a
      comparable amount, the stutterers gained enough time so that no significant
      differences were observed between the two groups. The results are interpreted as
      suggesting that auditory dysfunction cannot be a cause for slower vocalization
      reaction time in stutterers but that either vocal dysfunction or a lack of
      cerebral dominance may be responsible for these differences.

PMID- 979212
TI  - Elicited imitation of selected features of two american English dialects in Head
      Start children.
AB  - Three measures were used to check the bidialectal imitative facility of 100
      black, white, and Spanish-speaking Head Start children. In general, blacks and
      Spanish-speaking subjects performed more accurately on black English markers than
      on Standard English markers and whites, the reverse. When the children did make
      an error on the feature marker they usually substituted the opposing dialectal
      marker. Blacks and Spanish-speaking subjects were more apt to be accurate on the
      total sentence when it was given in black English. Several explanations are
      offered for group similarities and differences.

PMID- 979213
TI  - Stuttering: discoordination of phonation with articulation and respiration.
AB  - Complexity of phonatory and respiratory adjustments was systematically simplified
      in 30 adult stutterers under three speaking conditions: voiced, whispered, and
      articulated without phonation. Stuttering was reduced considerably when
      whispering and was practically eliminated when articulating silently. The
      possibility that stuttering consistently results from complexity of phonatory
      coordinations with articulation and respiration was strongly supported. Increased
      speaking rates under conditions that decreased stuttering seemed to be evidence
      that efficient rhythmical flow of speech is facilitated by simplification of
      phonatory and respiratory adjustments.

PMID- 979214
TI  - The influence of selected masking noises on Lombard and sidetone amplification
      effects.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to test the notion that the Lombard and
      sidetone amplification effects are related to the masking ability of a presented
      background noise. In Experiment 1, eight normal-hearing college students spoke in
      quiet and while listening to five frequency bands of noise which were equated for
      intensity but differed in ability to interfere with speech intelligibility. Vocal
      intensity increased as the frequency band, and thus the masking ability of the
      noise increased. In Experiment 2, eight additional students spoke in quiet and
      while listening to four of the frequency bands of noise used in Experiment 1. The
      noises were equated for loudness rather than intensity. Again, vocal intensity
      increased as the masking ability of the noise increased. In Experiment 3, 20
      additional students spoke while listening to 0 and 20 dB of sidetone
      amplification mixed with three of the noise bands from Experiment 1. The noises
      were equated for intensity and mixed with sidetone. The sidetone amplification
      effect increased as the masking ability of the noise increased. The results of
      these experiments indicate that interference with speech intelligibility is
      directly related to elicitation of the Lombard and sidetone amplification
      effects. The loudness or intensity of a noise has little control over vocal
      intensity independent of the contribution to masking of speech.

PMID- 979215
TI  - Some aspects of the verb system in the language of deaf students.
AB  - Approximately 480 deaf students (age 10 to 19 years) and 60 hearing students (age
      eight to 10 years) were asked to judge the grammaticality of sentences containing
      auxiliary verbs, of sentences where the verb had been deleted, and of sentences
      in which the verb tense was not marked. The results indicated that deaf students
      have considerable difficulty with the verb system of English. This difficulty was
      most pronounced in the formation of tense and voice and in agreement in number
      and tense. A possible ordering for the acquisition of tense did emerge; from
      earliest to latest it is: simple past, future, present progressive, perfective,
      and passive. Improvement in grammaticality judgments appeared to come from an
      increase in recognition that incorrect sentences were ungrammatical.

PMID- 979216
TI  - Performance of adult aphasics on a sentence evaluation and revision task.
AB  - Adult aphasics completed a sentence evaluation and revision task to test some
      aspects of their linguistic competence. Grammatical and ungrammatical sentences
      served as the stimuli. Ungrammatical sentences were characterized by violations
      of syntactic or semantic structure, or both. Aphasics evaluated correctly the
      grammaticality of most stimulus sentences. Incorrect evaluations were associated
      with sentences characterized by violations of syntactic structure. Aphasics'
      revisions of sentences that they judged to be ungrammatical were in the direction
      of appropriate grammatical structures. Omission of morphological endings was the
      most frequent sentence revision error. Aphasics' errors on both tasks could be
      accounted for by performance deficits such as inattentiveness to syntactic
      detail, auditory perceptual impairments, and inefficient lexical retrieval. These
      findings lend support to the argument that aphasia is best characterized as a
      performance rather than competence disruption.

PMID- 979217
TI  - Rapid auditory processing in normal and disordered language development.
AB  - Four-and-one-half- to eight-and-one-half-year-old children with normal language
      development, normal adults, and dysphasic children were tested for their ability
      to perceive binary sequences of nonverbal auditory stimuli. Performance was
      studied in relation to the rate of presentation of stimulus sequence, as measured
      by the time interval between stimulus elements. Of the normal children studied,
      only the eight-and-one-half-year-old group responded as well as the adult group
      to auditory patterns composed of complex tones presented in rapid succession (8
      305 msec intervals). Normal children six-and-one-half years and older were able
      to respond to these same auditory patterns when they were presented more slowly
      (947-4026 msec intervals). The overall pattern of performance of the dysphasic
      children was not similar to that of any age group of children with normal
      language development. The dysphasics' performance was significantly poorer than
      that of even the four-and-one-half-year-old normal group on rapidly presented
      auditory sequences, but not significantly different from normal children their
      own age or adults on the same patterns which were presented more slowly. The
      interrelation of normal development of rapid auditory processing and normal
      language development is discussed.

PMID- 979218
TI  - Lead and lag effects associated with the staggered spondaic word test.
AB  - This study was designed to determine to what extent onset times of overlapping
      spondaic words were controlled in the development of the Staggered Spondaic Word
      Test (SSW) (List EC), a measure which is used to detect central auditory
      dysfunction. The results showed that the SSW (List EC) was not well controlled
      relative to onset times. Further, the scores of 10 normal-hearing listeners who
      were administered the SSW were found not to suffer when the onset times were
      closely matched. The results were related to thn of dichotically presented
      stimuli.

PMID- 979219
TI  - The "heart" of categorical speech discrimination in young infants.
AB  - Categorical discrimination of place of articulation in the stimuli [dae] and
      [gae] was investigated in three- to four-month-old infants using a 20/20 cardiac
      orienting response paradigm. In this procedure infants were presented with 20
      tokens of one syllable followed immediately by 20 tokens of a change stimulus.
      Each infant received a between-category shift, a within-category shift, and a no
      shift control condition, with the order of conditions completely counterbalanced
      across subjects. Discrimination was indexed by an orienting response to the onset
      of the second 20 stimuli. The data were analyzed for evidence of categorical
      discrimination both within subjects (each condition pooled across orders of
      presentation) and between subjects, as is typical of infant-categorical
      discrimination studies. Both sets of results revealed that infants discriminate
      the cues for place of articulation categorically. These findings demonstrate the
      generality of the infant categorical discrimination observed with the
      nonnutritive operant sucking paradigm and indicate the usefulness of the heart
      rate paradigm employed in the present study for the collection of within-subject
      speech discrimination data across a wide-range of subject populations.

PMID- 979220
TI  - Pretreatment factors associated with the outcome of stuttering therapy.
AB  - Measures of stuttering behavior, personality, and attitudes about speaking were
      obtained from 20 stutterers at the beginning of treatment. These measures were
      correlated with three measures of stuttering behavior a year after treatment.
      Pretreatment attitudes were most highly related to outcome. followed by
      pretreatment stuttering behavior, and then personality measures. Multiple
      regression analyses of the pretreatment measures demonstrated that combinations
      of these variables correlated moderately high (r = 0.79, 0.66, 0.73) with
      outcome. Prediction equations derived from the multiple regression analyses were
      used to predict outcomes for an independent group of 18 stutterers. Predicted and
      actual outcomes were shown to be correlated moderately high (r = 0.75, 0.73,
      0.51). Suggestions for clinical use of predictive factors are given. Implications
      for the design of treatment and understanding the nature of stuttering are
      discussed.

PMID- 979221
TI  - A new technique for measuring velopharyngeal orifice area during sustained vowel
      production: an application of aerodynamic forced oscillation principles.
AB  - A new technique for measuring velopharyngeal orifice area during sustained vowel
      production is described. The technique is based on a simple oscillatory flow
      balancing procedure between two aerodynamic branches, a mechanical model of the
      human upper airway and the subject's upper airway. The area of the velopharyngeal
      orifice in the model is adjusted until identical oscillatory flows traverse it
      and the subject's velopharyngeal orifice in response to a common forced
      oscillatory pressure. When identical oscillatory flows are observed, the area of
      the adjusted orifice is taken as a measure of the area of the subject's
      velopharyngeal orifice.

PMID- 979222
TI  - Athlopathies, their nature treatment and prevention.

PMID- 979224
TI  - A simple gas chromatographic method for the determination of methandienone in
      human urine.

PMID- 979225
TI  - Hemoglobin changes and decomposition of erythrocytes during 25 hours following a
      heavy exercise run.

PMID- 979223
TI  - Serum enzyme activity and physical condition.

PMID- 979226
TI  - The effects of active and passive recuperation on left ventricular ejection time.

PMID- 979227
TI  - Relationships between physical fitness, endurance, and success in flight
      training.

PMID- 979228
TI  - Exercise evaluation of patients before cardiac surgery.

PMID- 979229
TI  - Energetics. A rational groundwork for conditioning heart and skeletal muscle.

PMID- 979230
TI  - A simple step test to predict aerobic capacity.

PMID- 979231
TI  - The effects of vitamin E on physiological function and athletic performance of
      trained swimmers.

PMID- 979232
TI  - The prediction of college football perseverance by the use of the Cornell medical
      index.

PMID- 979233
TI  - Resistance machine for power skating of hockey players.

PMID- 979234
TI  - Skeletal muscle and chornic vitamin deficiency.

PMID- 979235
TI  - Effect of small bowel resection on gastrin release, catabolism, and activity in
      dogs.

PMID- 979236
TI  - Bile acid alterations in patients with cholesterol gallstones.

PMID- 979237
TI  - Evaluation of experimental canine pancreatitis.

PMID- 979238
TI  - The steroid effect on the in vitro human neutrophil chemotactic response.

PMID- 979240
TI  - Importance of the headrest in ophthalmic surgery.

PMID- 979239
TI  - Experimental carcinoma of the colon induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-diHCl: value
      as a model of human disease.

PMID- 979241
TI  - University of Tennessee medical grand rounds, Cholangitis.

PMID- 979242
TI  - Superior vena caval obstruction.

PMID- 979243
TI  - X-ray of the month.

PMID- 979244
TI  - Prazosin.

PMID- 979245
TI  - Prescribing behavior altering drugs: dark clouds on the horizon.

PMID- 979246
TI  - Resurgence of vasomotor adaptation to tilting after epinephrine.

PMID- 979247
TI  - The Tennessee Child Passenger Protection Act of 1977.

PMID- 979248
TI  - The complications of acupuncture.

PMID- 979249
TI  - The Privacy Act and social security disability.

PMID- 979250
TI  - Radiography of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

PMID- 979251
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 979252
TI  - Electrocardiography of atrial septal defect.

PMID- 979253
TI  - The "supernatural" in modern medicine.

PMID- 979254
TI  - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the community hospital.

PMID- 979255
TI  - Interpretation of serum gastrin levels.

PMID- 979256
TI  - Computerized axial tomography scan-of-the-month: cerebral infarction.

PMID- 979257
TI  - Electrocardiogram-of-the-month: paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 979258
TI  - Propranolol and diuretic combination in hypertension.

PMID- 979259
TI  - Thallium heart studies.

PMID- 979261
TI  - 1976 Mental health legislation.

PMID- 979260
TI  - Subsurface sewage disposal.

PMID- 979262
TI  - American College of Radiology Commission on Cancer: interim statement on breast
      cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 979263
TI  - Physicians for our country: a letter to the Congress.

PMID- 979264
TI  - The biosynthesis of ethyl esters of lithocholic acid and isolithocholic acid by
      rat intestinal microflora.

PMID- 979265
TI  - Response of the testis to HCG stimulation as a function of age in the immature
      rabbit.

PMID- 979266
TI  - Hormonal action in human cervix--II. Specific progestogen binding proteins in
      human cervix.

PMID- 979267
TI  - Tritiated 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone: binding in renal, cardiac and hepatic
      cytoplasm, and in plasma from adrenalectomized rats.

PMID- 979268
TI  - Bovine adrenal 20alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and variations of activity
      with age.

PMID- 979269
TI  - Temperature-sensitive RNA synthesis during adaptive growth on testosterone of
      Pseudomonas testosteroni.

PMID- 979270
TI  - Synthesis of a protein conjugate of 16alpha-hydroxypregnenolone.

PMID- 979271
TI  - Effects of dorsal and ventral lateral hypothalamic lesions on voluntary alcohol
      consumption by rats.
AB  - Ventral lateral hypothalamic lesions, made before electrical stimulation, blocked
      the acquisition of a preference for alcohol by rats; but dorsal lateral
      hypothalamic lesions did not alter their alcohol consumption. Rats offered
      alcohol on alternate days, without stimulation, increased their alcohol intake
      but did not develop a stable preference for alcohol.

PMID- 979272
TI  - Food effects on absorption and metabolism of alcohol.
AB  - The concomitant ingestion of various foods with alcohol resulted in a decreased
      area under the blood alcohol concentration curve, a lower peak concentration and
      an increased time to reach peak. Michaelis-Menten kinetics indicated a decreased
      alcohol metabolism rate after the ingestion of carbohydrates or fats.

PMID- 979273
TI  - The diagnosis of pathological intoxication.
AB  - Subjects with a history of violent or psychotic behavior while under the
      influence of alcohol were infused with a 25% alcohol solution. Based on
      electroencephalograms, blood alcohol concentrations and behavioral observations,
      the results confirm the probable existence of a discrete syndrome of pathological
      reaction to alcohol without reference to the amount of alcohol consumed.

PMID- 979274
TI  - Personality characteristics of alcoholics and drug addicts in a merged treatment
      program.
AB  - Groups of alcoholics and drug addicts in a mixed inpatient treatment facility
      were compared on personality characteristics by sex, age and type of drug. Sex
      and drug type showed few significant differences; however, age, regardless of
      drug or sex, proved to be significant on many personality variables.

PMID- 979275
TI  - Evaluation of training of alcoholism counselors.
AB  - During a 14-month training program for paraprofessional alcoholism counselors
      some counselors were markedly more successful than others in keeping patients in
      treatment and these differences persisted over time.

PMID- 979276
TI  - A diagnostic formula for alcoholism.
AB  - Clinical pathologies with unusually high morbidities in alcoholic populations
      were analyzed to determine their capacity to diagnose alcoholism. On the basis of
      five systemic variables it was possible to diagnose correctly nearly 75% of
      alcoholic and matched control subjects.

PMID- 979277
TI  - Loss of control, heavy drinking and drinking problems in a longitudinal study.
AB  - The utility of conceptualizing alcoholism as a typically progressive disease
      process with regular, predictable stages is questioned. "Loss of control" was
      found to be only one variable among others in predicting drinking problems. It
      was not possible to confirm the importance that some disease conceptions of
      alcoholism assign to it.

PMID- 979278
TI  - Sex differences in adolescent alcohol and drug use. A disappearing phenomenon.
AB  - In a study of junior and senior high-school students in two Massachusetts
      communities, few consistent sex differences were found in patterns of alcohol and
      drug use.

PMID- 979279
TI  - Sex and marital status in relation to the characteristics of alcoholics.
AB  - Data on 392 married and unmarried men and women alcoholics suggest that certain
      social antecedents and drinking patterns represent genuine sex differences and
      are independent of marital status. However, marital status was related to
      severity of alcoholism, particularly with respect to personal background
      characteristics and to psychological functioning at the time of treatment.

PMID- 979280
TI  - Lack of association of genetic traits with alcoholism; C3, Ss and ABO systems.
AB  - A study of association between markers of the Ss system, the C3 system and the
      ABO system showed no evidence of any association between alcoholism and specific
      phenotypes.

PMID- 979281
TI  - Drinking and smoking behavior of hospitalized medical patients.
AB  - In a sample of hospitalized medical patients, problem drinking was found to be
      associated with heavy smoking.

PMID- 979282
TI  - Pharmacological aversive counterconditioning to alcohol in a private hospital;
      one-year follow-up.
AB  - Of 261 patients treated for alcoholism with pharmacological aversive
      counterconditioning, 63% remained abstinent for 1 year following treatment.

PMID- 979283
TI  - Social-skills training to teach alcoholics to refuse drinks effectively.
AB  - Two alcoholics who received social-skills training in ways of refusing drinks
      reported some success in applying their new skills in actual social situations
      after they left the hospital.

PMID- 979284
TI  - Comment on "A national study of adolescent drinking behavior, attitudes and
      correlates".
AB  - A national study of adolescent drinking is criticized on methodological and
      conceptual grounds, and it is concluded that its results exaggerate the
      prevalence of problem drinking among adolescents.

PMID- 979285
TI  - Alcohol-related problems in the disability perspective. A summary of the
      consensus of the WHO group of investigators on criteria for identifying and
      classifying disabilities related to alcohol consumption.

PMID- 979286
TI  - Role of ionic adsorption in the excitable membrane.

PMID- 979287
TI  - Stability, controllability and observability of arterial circulation.

PMID- 979288
TI  - The simulation of thymidine kinase enzyme kinetics in cultured cells using the
      computer language Cellsim.

PMID- 979289
TI  - Further evidence and biological significance for non-random localization of the
      centromere on mammalian chromosomes.

PMID- 979290
TI  - Some stress--strain relationships of cellular cleavage and noncleavage.

PMID- 979291
TI  - Mucus globule membrane: an hypothesis concerning its role in determining the
      viscosity of mucus.

PMID- 979292
TI  - Perturbation of drug receptor equilibrium in the presence of competitive blocking
      agents.

PMID- 979293
TI  - The origin of endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium.

PMID- 979294
TI  - A physical basis for red cell membrane elasticity.

PMID- 979295
TI  - A phase transition model for hemolysis.

PMID- 979296
TI  - A theory of synchronization of heart pace-maker cells.

PMID- 979297
TI  - Isotope exchange in biochemical networks application of an electric circuit
      technique to a biological reaction system.

PMID- 979298
TI  - Placental blood flows and oxygen transfer during uterine contractions: a
      mathematical model.

PMID- 979300
TI  - Possible adaptive values of the resonant slave in biological clocks.

PMID- 979299
TI  - Conformational effects on the activation free energy of diffusion through
      membranes as influenced by electric fields.

PMID- 979301
TI  - Domains of stability and resilience for biological populations obeying difference
      equations.

PMID- 979302
TI  - The effect of membrane heterogeneity on the predictability of fluxes, with
      application to the cornea.

PMID- 979303
TI  - The dynamics of a discrete geotropic sensor subject to rotation-induced gravity
      compensation.

PMID- 979304
TI  - Water distribution in tissues: a compartmental analysis and some testing
      criteria.

PMID- 979305
TI  - Enzymatic elimination of substrates flowing through the intact liver.

PMID- 979306
TI  - A note on the effect of ignoring dropout cases on fecundability as estimated from
      a follow-up study.

PMID- 979307
TI  - Use of the normal generated distribution for estimating population survival.

PMID- 979308
TI  - Visual illusions in neural networks: line neutralization, tilt after effect, and
      angle expansion.

PMID- 979309
TI  - Opitmal age and results in repair of large ventricular septal defects.
AB  - The hospital mortality rate was 9.1 per cent (three deaths) in 33 patients less
      than 2 years old undergoing primary repair of single large ventricular septal
      defects (VSD's) since January 1972, and was not related to age; it was zero in 50
      patients older than 2 years (Group A). The mortality rate with multiple VSD's was
      36.4 per cent, not related to age. Age at operation, preoperative pulmonary
      vascular resistance, and pulmonary artery pressure were directly related to mean
      pulmonary artery pressure 5 or more years later in 74 patients (Group B) operated
      upon between 1955 and 1968. Over-all probability of "surgical cure" for single
      large VSD (surviving the early and late postoperative period with normal or near
      normal pulmonary artery pressure 5 years later) is 92 per cent when pulmonary
      vascular resistance is 4 units - sq. M. and operation performed at age 27 months,
      87 per cent when resistance is 8 and operation done at age 6 months, and 80 per
      cent when resistance is 12 and operation done at less than 6 months of age. These
      and other probability curves are examined and compared with natural history to
      determine optimal age for elective repair for large VSD's.

PMID- 979310
TI  - Pulmonary neoplasm with solitary cerebral metastasis. Results of combined
      excision.
AB  - Twenty-two patients underwent excision of a primary pulmonary neoplasm and
      solitary cerebral metastasis. Six patients had metastatic tumor removed on two
      occasions and there was one operative death in 28 craniotomies. Seven of 22
      patients (32 per cent) survived one year following craniotomy and were free of
      significant symptoms for one year. Survival for at least 9 months and freedom
      from significant symptoms was achieved in a total of 12 patients (55 per cent).
      Relief of severe neurologic symptoms for a minimum of 3 months was achieved in 17
      patients (77 per cent). The over-all one-year survival rate was 45 per cent and
      the average survival period is 14 months with 3 patients still living. The
      following factors had a favorable bearing on the outcome: Stage 1 lung cancer at
      pulmonary resection, whole-brain radiation therapy, and a longer interval between
      pulmonary resection and cerebral metastasis. The experience encourages us to
      pursue an aggressive surgical approach to pulmonary neoplasm and solitary
      cerebral metastasis.

PMID- 979311
TI  - Gallium-67 scanning for carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Gallium-67 citrate scanning was prospectively evaluated in 55 patients who had
      lung lesions suspected to be primary carcinoma on chest x-ray films and in whom
      subsequent histologic diagnosis was obtained. Of 47 patients with histologically
      proved carcinoma of the lung, 44 (94 per cent) had a positive 67Ga scan. No
      patient with a positive scan had a benign lesion, so that the positive scan
      accuracy rate was 100 per cent. All 8 patients with a benign lesion and 3
      patients with a malignant lesion had negative scans, for a negative scan accurary
      rate of 72 per cent for benign lesions. These results give statistical validity
      for the usefulness of the 67Ga scan in diagnosing carcinoma of the lung (p less
      than 0.001). Tumor cell type had little effect on the sensitivity of 67Ga scan.
      The 67Ga scan was equally useful in the evaluation of peripheral and central
      lesions. There was little difference amount T1, T2, and T3 classified lesions in
      their ability to take up 67Ga. The 67Ga scan was competitive with mediastinoscopy
      in assessing mediastinal lymph node metastases and provides a noninvasive method
      of assessing hilar lymph node metastases. There was a good correlation between
      the clinical staging of patients with lung cancer based on a chest x-ray film and
      67Ga scanning and the staging after surgical treatment based on the histology of
      the resected specimens.

PMID- 979312
TI  - Acute aortic dissection from cross-clamp injury.
AB  - Acute dissection of the ascending aorta secondary to cross-clamp injury can be
      successfully managed if the problem is recognized immediately. Bypass must be
      instituted after recannulation at a point distal to the innominate artery so that
      proper exposure of the site of injury can be obtained. Systemic as well as local
      hypothermia for myocardial preservation are both necessary. Direct suture closure
      of all layers at the site of dissection over Teflon felt can terminate this
      process.

PMID- 979313
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the aorta. A five-year experience.
AB  - In the five-year period ending in October, 1975, 31 consecutive patients with
      traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta underwent surgery at the University of
      Maryland Hospital or the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medicine. All cases
      were confirmed by preoperative aortogram. Rupture was confined to one or more
      sites in the descending thoracic aorta at or distal to the origin of the left
      subclavian artery. The age was a mean of 26 years. Operation was done within an
      average of 18 hours after injury. Significant nonthoracic injuries were present
      in every case. Six patients with positive findings on peritoneal lavage underwent
      exploratory laparotomy prior to thoracotomy because of shock. Surgical repair was
      done by use of left heart bypass in 2 cases (one death), a passive aorta-aorta
      shunt in 23 cases (5 deaths), and without shunt or bypass in 6 cases (no deaths).
      An end-to-end tubular Dacron graft was used to reconstruct the aorta in all but
      one patient. Over-all survival rate was 25 of 31 patients (81 per cent).
      Paraplegia developed in one patient and renal failure in 3 patients (2 deaths) in
      the aorta-aorta shunt group. Hypertension was present in 18 (72 per cent) of the
      survivors. Palsy of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve persisted in 8 (32 per
      cent) of the survivors. Two of the deaths were related to technical problems of
      the shunting procedure and 2 to intrapleural exsanguination before proximal
      aortic control could be achieved. Complications and blood loss were reduced in
      the group with no shunt. The series lends support to the rigorous aortographic
      search for ruptured thoracic aortas in trauma patients with widened mediastinum.
      Once experience has been gained with shunting techniques, tears of the descending
      thoracic aorta may be safely repaired without shunt if done expeditiously.

PMID- 979315
TI  - Effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile coronary perfusion on performance of the
      canine left ventricle.
AB  - This study compares the effect of pulsatile (Group C, Fib/P) and nonpulsatile
      (Group B, Fib/NP) coronary perfusion on myocardial performance during 2 hours of
      normothermic ventricular fibrillation. Group A (BH/NP), used as a base-line
      observation, consisted of 2 hours of nonpulsatile coronary perfusion in beating
      hearts. The assessment of ventricular performance included diastolic ventricular
      compliance, myocardial oxygen consumption and lactate extraction, regional
      myocardial blood flow, and histology. After 120 minutes of ventricular
      fibrillation, Group C showed normal ventricular diastolic compliance as compared
      to a 50 per cent decrease in Group B (p less than 0.01). Myocardial oxygen
      consumption was not significantly different from that in Group B. Because of a 70
      per cent increase in oxygen extraction above Group B (p less than 0.05), total
      left ventricular myocardial blood flow was reduced (103 +/- 23 versus 260 +/- 36
      ml. per 100 Gm. per minute, p less than 0.05) and had near-constant resistance.
      Lactate extraction was significantly greater and more stable as compared to Group
      B (9.28 +/- 1.33 versus 1.8 +/- 1.08, p less than 0.05). Left ventricular
      endocardial/epicardial flow ratio was greater in Group C (1.21 +/- 0.08 versus
      1.06 +/- 0.06, p less than 0.05). Minimal subendocardial histologic changes were
      present as compared to the marked patchy subendocardial ischemic changes seen in
      Group B. The results demonstrate that the addition of pulsatile flow to coronary
      perfusion minimized the deleterious effects of prolonged ventricular fibrillation
      on myocardial performance.

PMID- 979314
TI  - The contribution of anticoagulants to platelet dysfunction with extracorporeal
      circulation.
AB  - This investigations evaluates the effects of anticoagulants on platelet function.
      Fresh human blood from 40 nonmedicated volunteers was anticoagulated with 4.3
      units per milliliter heparin and/or acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solution 1:9.
      Retention of platelets from whole blood on glass beads was performed by the
      method of Bowie. Platelet retention of heparinized blood averaged 88.1 +/- S.E.
      1.5 per cent; ACD platelets averaged 24.6 +/- S.E. 2.8 per cent. Platelet
      retention with citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic
      acid (EDTA) yielded 26.0 +/- S.E. 3.9 per cent and 19.1 +/- S.E. 7.5
      respectively. The addition of ACD to heparinized blood decreased platelet
      retention (19.7 +/- S.E. 3.1 per cent). The addition of heparin to ACD or CPD
      blood did not alter the original decreased retention. Calcium added, even in
      excess, to blood containing heparin and ACD did not reverse the depressed
      retention (29.3 +/- S.E. 4.6 per cent). The substitution of CPD gave similar
      results. With mixtures of separately collected ACD and heparininzed blood,
      depression of platelet retention was directly proportional to the amount of ACD
      blood present. Altering the pH of the ACD blood did not affect its depressed
      retention of platelets. Neutralizing heparinized blood 50 per cent with protamine
      or Polybrene also significantly depressed platelet retention 34.6 +/- S.E. 5.8
      per cent and 35.5 +/- S.E. 4.0 per cent, respectively. Neither protamine nor
      Polybrene had any effect upon ACD blood. These data indicate that anticoagulants
      may play a significant role in the depressed platelt function observed during and
      following extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 979316
TI  - Clinical and hemodynamic criteria for use of the intra-aortic balloon pump in
      patients requiring cardiac surgery.
AB  - In order to establish criteria for elective use of the intra-aortic balloon pump
      (IABP) in patients having cardiac surgery, we conducted a retrospective study of
      43 patients who required counterpulsation, because of inability to be weaned from
      cardiopulmonary bypass, between May, 1972, and June, 1974. Patients in
      cardiogenic shock preoperatively were excluded. The 43 patients included 23
      (Group A) who had severe preoperative left ventricular dysfunction with a mean
      cardiac index less than 1.8 L. per minute per square meter, ejection fraction
      less than 30 per cent, and end-diastolic pressure greater than 22 mm. Hg; 20
      patients (Group B) had a combination of moderate cardiac dysfunction (cardiac
      index less than 2.2, ejection fraction less than 40, end-diastolic pressure less
      than 18) in the presence of acute infarction or severe aortic stenosis (gradient
      greater than 80 mm. Hg) with or without coronary disease. An inverse relationship
      was noted between survival and delay from completion of operation to the use of
      1ABP. Thirty-two of 43 patients were weaned off bypass and were balloon assisted
      for 12 to 96 hours postoperatively; 25 patients were discharged (58 per cent). In
      Subgroup A, 14 of 23 (60 per cent) and, in Subgroup B, 9 of 20 (45 per cent) were
      long-term survivors. Based on these findings, 45 patients were operated upon
      between June, 1974, and December, 1975, with elective use of 1ABP and were
      assessed by serial hemodynamic studies. Sixteen had severe preoperative left
      ventricular dysfunction similar to Subgroup A and 29 had moderate dysfunction in
      combination with pathology similar to Subgroup B. Fifteen of these patients were
      hemodynamically unstable at time of arrival in the operating room; 1ABP was
      inserted under local anesthesia. Thirty-nine patients (87 per cent) were weaned
      off bypass and were hospital survivors. In Subgroup A, 13 of 16 (81 per cent)
      and, in Group B, 21 of 29 (72 per cent) were long-term survivors. Criteria for
      elective use of 1ABP in cardiac surgery should include severe preoperative left
      ventricular dysfunction or a combination of moderate dysfunction with coronary or
      valvular pathology. Elective 1ABP improves the survival with trivial iatrogenic
      morbidity.

PMID- 979317
TI  - Fresh platelet-rich plasma from a flow-through centrifuge for lamb heart
      perfusion at 13degrees C. Protective effect of added erythrocytes.
AB  - Isolated lamb hearts perfused at 13degrees C. with acellular perfusates developed
      progressive intersitital edema and a rise in vascular resistance. They did not
      exhbit any electrical or mechanical activity. In contrast, hearts perfused with
      whole fresh blood remained well preserved, had no edema or change in vascular
      resistance, and contracted vigorously while being perfused at 10degrees and
      13degrees C. This study was designed to determine which particular component(s)
      of whole blood contributed to improved cardiac preservation. Isolated lamb hearts
      were perfused for 18 hours at 13degrees C. with plasma containing platelets and
      some or no red blood cells. Continuously fresh plasma was obtained from a donor
      animal by means of a flow-through centrifuge. Hearts perfused at 13degrees C.
      with fresh plasma of either low or high platelet count contracted during the
      initial 2 to 4 hours of the perfusion only and were as poorly preserved as hearts
      perfused with acellular microfiltered plasma. A hematocrit value of 2 to 5 per
      cent in the plasma perfusate resulted in the hearts being preserved almost as
      well as with fresh whole blood; they showed a forceful cardiac activity at
      13degrees C., there was no edema, the vascular resistance was stable, and after
      rewarming they had good ventricular function. The improvement in cardiac
      preservation brought about by addition of a minimal amount of red blood cells
      suggests a specific effect of erythrocytes on the cardiac microcirculation.

PMID- 979319
TI  - Cardiac manifestations of ochronosis.
AB  - A 68-year-old woman with ochronosis was admitted with congestive heart failure. A
      typical ejection murmur of aortic stenosis was ausculated and was documented on a
      phonocardiogram. The patient subsequently died, and at autopsy extensive
      deposition of ochronotic pigment was found on the aortic valve. This valve had no
      other anatomic abnormalities. Thus ochronosis should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of aortic stenosis.

PMID- 979318
TI  - Warm ischemic injury of the lung.
AB  - Canine left lower lobes which were subjected to 3 hours of warm ischemia in an
      atelectatic condition were compared to lobes which had not been stored. During
      short-term reimplantation studies, the injured lobes were characterized by marked
      weight gain, diminution in blood flow, increased vascular resistance, and peak
      airway pressure. The ventilation/perfusion ratios were high and considerable dead
      space ventilation was present. Hypoxic vasoconstriction occurred in both control
      and stored lobes, and shunt determinations did not vary because of the low blood
      flows observed. Some or all of these physiological changes may serve to develop a
      simple screening method to evaluate techniques of pulmonary preservation.

PMID- 979320
TI  - An alternative approach to the closure of the Blalock-Taussig anastomosis at open
      heart surgery.
AB  - Dissection for closure of a Blalock-Taussig shunt can occasionally be difficult
      or hazardous at the time of corrective operation. The technique traditionally
      used for closure of a Potts anastomosis, in which profound hypothermia and
      circulatory arrest are used, has been applied successfully in 11 operations for
      control of 12 Blalock-Taussig anastomoses. The technique is described.

PMID- 979321
TI  - Pulmonary blastoma.
AB  - Two cases of pulmonary blastoma are reported. One occurred in a 29-year-old man
      31 months after a cyst had been excised from the same pericardial-pleural area.
      The cyst appeared to be of mesothelial origin and, although supported by a
      cellular stroma, was originally considered to be benign. The morphologic
      features, location, and possible relationship to a mesothelial lesion suggest an
      embryonal-mesothelial origin of the tumor. The patient died of recurrent and
      metastatic disease 9 years after the first resection. The second case is that of
      a now 74-year-old woman who, over a period of 19 years, has had six separate
      small peripheral lung tumors excised. They originally resembled fibrous
      hamartomas but included embryonal-type immature areas and became increasingly
      more cellular and sarcomatous. The fine structure of the recurrent tumors is that
      of primitive stroma with few fibrils but no other differentiating features.

PMID- 979323
TI  - The unfulfilled promise of demand pacing.

PMID- 979322
TI  - Infantile achalasia. Brief clinical report.
AB  - Achalasia of the esophagus is an unusual lesion in childhood and is quite rare
      under the age of one year. The case of a 3-month-old child with esophageal
      achalasia treated with a Heller esophagomyotomy is illustrated. Seven previously
      documented cases of achalasia in children under the age of one year are reviewed
      and the difficulties of diagnosing this lesion in childhood are discussed.

PMID- 979324
TI  - Air embolism in penetrating lung injury.

PMID- 979325
TI  - Secundum artial septal defect in infancy.

PMID- 979326
TI  - The purpose of intra-aortic balloon pumping.

PMID- 979327
TI  - [Complications following vaginal hysterectomy].
AB  - The author analyses complications following 817 vaginal hysterectomies (VH). The
      mortality rate was 0.24%. Laparotomy during VH was performed in 3 patients
      (0.36%): twice the commenced VH was completed abdominally (once owing to the
      overlooked fixed uterus in a very obese patient and once owing to the previously
      performed Doleris operation). These are so-called unsuccessful vaginal
      hysterectomies. In the third patient laparotomy was applied owing to the bleeding
      from the retracted, cut uterine artery. Injuries of the urinary pelvis during the
      VH procedure occured in two patients: once during the opening of the plica vesico
      urinaris and once during the opening of the Douglas sac (in the patient with a
      previous Doleris operation). Both injuries were cured vaginally. Early
      complication were recorded in 34.02% (278 cases). Most infections occurred in the
      small pelvis. Late complications were encountered in 41.07% (207 cases) out of
      504 followed-up patients. Granulation tissue has proved to be the most frequent
      complication in this group of women (33.13%). Incontinentia urinae was found in
      2.5% (13 cases).

PMID- 979328
TI  - Juvenilna Metroragija.
AB  - Following the definition and etiology, cases of juvenile bleeding in 66 patients
      were analysed in connection with the time of its occurrence, its clinical picture
      and therapy. In the authors' own material the percentage of juvenile bleeding was
      4.18. It was noted that juvenile bleeding occurred most frequently in virgins
      (95.45%), that is in the first three gynecological years (78.79%). The mean value
      of menarche in juvenile bleeding is 12.7 years. The values of Hb at examination,
      that is on admission to hospital, illustrate the degree of anemia. There were 38
      hospitalized patients, and in 28 patients blod transfusion was applied. The
      termination of bleeding was achieved by hormone therapy. A successful combination
      of estrogen-gestagen therapy in the sense of substitution was applied. Only in
      one case was exploratory curettage performed and this vas due to suspicion of
      residue following abortion.

PMID- 979329
TI  - [Adrenogenital syndrome in an adolescent].
AB  - A case is presented of primary amenorrhea resulting from the hyperfunction of the
      adrenal cortex. The condition developed in prepuberty. The mode of the
      establishment of the diagnosis and the effect of dexamethason treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 979331
TI  - [Dysgerminoma ovarii].
AB  - The authors present a case of a unilateral, encapsuled, and distinctly defined
      ovarian dysgerminoma treated by a radical removal of the affected ovary. There
      were remote isolated metastases in the supraclavicular lymph node one year after
      the operation. No relapses or other metastases have as yet observed.

PMID- 979330
TI  - [Sarcomatous alteration in leiomyoma].
AB  - A patient with a histologically verified leiomyosarcoma is presented.
      Hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was performed in 1973. Then radiation
      therapy was applied. Now, five years after the beginning of the therapy, the
      patient is in a very good condition.

PMID- 979333
TI  - [Prolonged and postmature pregnancy terminated in non-hospital institutions].
AB  - Out of 4023 deliveries, the authors came across 291 prolonged ones, of which 39
      were postmature deliveries. They followed the issue of these pregnancies in the
      conditions of non-hospital health care. The mortality rate of postmature
      deliveries was 10.2%. It is recommended that all prolonged and postmature
      pregnancies are referred to larger hospital-type maternity wards where more help
      can be offered to the pregnant woman and where the actual state of the
      fetoplacental unit can be properly followed. However, in cases when prolonged and
      postmature pregnancies are to be terminated in a non-hospital institution because
      of the women's refusal to go a larger maternity ward, it is proposed in present
      conditions to use as a diagnositc means also amnioscopy in addition to
      cytohormonal analysis.

PMID- 979332
TI  - [Torsion of the pregnant Fallopian tube with simultaneous intrauterine
      pregnancy].
AB  - The author describes a rare case of the torsion of the pregnant fallopian tube
      with the macerated fetus and simultaneous intrauterine pregnancy. He points out
      dignostic difficulties in such cases.

PMID- 979334
TI  - [2 intrauterine pregnancies after 2 tubal pregnancies].
AB  - A woman with two intrauterine pregnancies after two ectopic tubal pregnancies is
      presented. The first operation removed the left Fallopian tube (on 4 November
      1970), while during the recurrent ectopic pregnancy, plastic surgery was applied
      in the remaining right tube (24 October 1972) with the enucleation of the
      fertilized egg after Prochownik's method. The patient became pregnant 3 months
      after the operation and had spontaneous abortion, with a fetus two-and-a half
      months old; the second time she became pregnant 17 months after the operation and
      gave birth to a female live-born, 26 days before the term, weighing 2,900 g and
      49 cm high. The authors conclude that best results are obtained when the plastic
      surgery made in the fallopian tube is as small as possible and when postoperative
      instillation of the tubes is applied.

PMID- 979335
TI  - [Intraoperative cytodiagnosis of ovarian tumors].
AB  - The authors report on their experience in applying rapid intraoperative cytologic
      analysis in 83 benign and 54 malignant ovarian tumors of various pathohistologic
      types. The entire procedure, from the receiving of the material, fixing and
      staining, up to the cytologic diagnosis, did not last longer than 6 minutes. The
      cytologic findings were negative in all benign tumors except one (99.3%). In
      cases of malignant tumors the cytologic diagnosis was correct in 49 cases
      (96.4%). On the basis of cytomorphologic criteria it was also possible to predict
      the pathohistologic type of most of investigated tumors. The high overall
      accuracy rate of intraoperative cytologic examination permits the surgeon to make
      a quick and adequate therapeutic decision concerning the extent of intervention.

PMID- 979336
TI  - [PAS-positive substances in endometrial cells during the course of irregular
      bleeding].
AB  - Cytologic smears of the endometrium in 81 cases of irregular bleeding were
      analysed for carbohydrates by the modified PAS method after Hotchkiss (1948). The
      positive issue of the cytochemical reaction was determined semiquantitatively.
      The intensity of reaction was numerically scored fy differentiating positivity in
      cells. Statistical analysis of data and the testing of the significance of
      differences have shown that are statistically highly significant differences in
      the intensity of reaction between the group of the secretion phase on the one
      hand and, on the other, the group of the proliferation phase, glandular cystic
      hyperplasia, and glandular hyperplasia. It has also been found that differences
      in the intensity of reaction between the group of the proliferation phase and the
      group of glandular cystic hyperplasia, as well as between the group of glandular
      cystic hyperplasia and glandular hyperplasia were only accidental.

PMID- 979337
TI  - [New radiologico-clinical classification of changes in stress incontinence in
      women].
AB  - Setting forth their experience in over 800 colpocystographies applied in genital
      prolapse and stress incontinence, the authors propose an original classification
      of changes in urinary stress incontinence with a view to unifying clinical and
      radiological findings. Along with classical, wellknown radiological aspects
      (urethral vesicalization and the prolapse of the urinary bladder) one new type of
      changes is described. It is named the slipping prolapse of the urinary bladder
      and is determined by the deterioration of the urethro-vaginal septum leading to a
      completely isolated dislocation of the lower urinary organs and the frontal
      vaginal wall. The combination of these aspects gives the three types and six
      variants of stress incontinence which, from the clinical point of view, may be
      manifest, masked, and potential. The pathogenesis of different types of the
      disease is analysed, as well as the principles of their therapy. The authors
      plead for the widest possible use of colpocystography in the preoperative
      preparation on patients, especially in relapses, since the method is simple and
      harmless, yielding extremely useful informations in the study of the
      morphotopography of pelvic organs.

PMID- 979338
TI  - Polydepsipeptides. 5. Experimental conformational analysis of poly(L-alanyl-L
      lactic acid) and related model compounds.
AB  - In this paper we report an experimental conformational analysis of the
      depsipeptide model compounds acetyl-L-alanine methyl ester, acetyl-L-lactic acid
      N-methylamide, and acetyl-L-alanyl-L-lactic acid N-methylamide and of the
      sequential polydepsipeptide poly(L-alanyl-L-lactic acid). The model depsipeptides
      were examined in dilute organic solutions by infrared and nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy. Neither acetyl-L-alanine methyl ester nor acetyl-L-lactic
      acid N-methylamide assumes an intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded conformation.
      Acetyl-L-alanyl-L-lactic acid N-methylamide, on the other hand, in dilute
      chloroform or dilute carbon tetrachloride solutions, strongly favors a
      conformation with an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the N-H hydrogen atom
      of its N-methylamide group and the carbonyl oxygen atom of its acetyl group.
      Comparison of theoretical and experimental circular dichroism suggests that
      poly(L-alanyl-L-lactic acid) is partially ordered in chloroform solution with
      approximately 50% of its repeat units in the R10 helix, an ordered conformation
      found by our previous theoretical analysis to have a low intramolecular
      conformational energy.

PMID- 979340
TI  - Classification of high risk infants by birth weight and gestational age: an
      overview.

PMID- 979339
TI  - Statistical mechanical treatment of protein conformation. 4. A four-state model
      for specific-sequence copolymers of amino acids.
AB  - One-dimensional short-range interaction models for specific-sequence copolymers
      of amino acids are being developed in this series of papers. In this paper, our
      earlier three-state model [involving helical (h), extended (epsilon), and coil
      (or other) (c) states] is extended to a four-state model by preserving the h and
      epsilon states, introducing the chain-reversal state (R and S), and redefining
      the c state. This model involves six parameters (wh, vh, vepsilon, vR, vS, and
      uc) and requires a 6 X 6 statistical weight matrix. A nearest-neighbor
      approximation of the four-state model is also formulated; it requires a 5 X 5
      matrix, involving the same six parameters. By expressing the statistical weights
      relative to that of the epsilon state, only five parameters (wh, vh, vR, vS, and
      uc) are required in both the 6 X 6 and 5 X 5 matrices. The statistical weights
      for the four-state model are evaluated from the atomic coordinates of the x-ray
      structures of 26 native proteins. These statistical weights, and the four-state
      model, are used to develop a procedure to predict the backbone conformations of
      proteins. Since the prediction of helical and extended conformations is carried
      out by the procedure described in papers 1-3 of this series, we focus particular
      attention on chain-reversal conformations in this paper. The conformational
      sequence probabilities of finding a residue in h, epsilon, R, S, or c states, and
      of finding two consecutive residues in a chain-reversal conformation, defined as
      relative values with respect to their average values over the whole molecule, are
      calculated for 23 proteins. By comparing these conformational-sequence
      probabilities to experimental X-ray observations, it was found that, in addition
      to the prediction of helical and extended conformations (reported in paper 3),
      219 chain-reversal regions out of 372 observed by x-ray diffraction studies of 23
      proteins were predicted correctly. These results suggest that the assumption of
      the dominance of short-range interactions in determining chain-reversal (as well
      as helical or extended) conformations in proteins, on which the predictive scheme
      is based, is a reasonable one. Finally, in the Appendix, the property of
      asymmetric nucleation of helical sequences is introduced into the (nearest
      neighbor) four-state model.

PMID- 979342
TI  - Impaired myocardial contraction in the chronic stage.
AB  - The consequences of ischemia for the affected myocardium are highly variable. As
      a result, in chronic coronary heart disease there is little correlation between
      coronary arterial obstruction and myocardial dysfunction. Dysfunction can be
      permanent and related to replacement fibrosis or fixed disruption of the chain of
      events leading to effective contraction. Dysfunction can also be transient, as a
      direct consequence of acute myocardial ischemia. The mechanical lesions include
      generalized and localized myocardial dysfunction, mitral incompetence, and
      rarely, a left-to-right shunt through loss of integrity of the interventricular
      septum. Diagnosis per se is not difficult, but deciding on the true contribution
      of any given lesion to the overall symptoms and disability of the patient is.
      Therapy must be individually planned according to the total set of factors in
      each patient.

PMID- 979341
TI  - Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in infancy.

PMID- 979343
TI  - Evaluation of the patient with coronary heart disease.

PMID- 979344
TI  - Natural history of coronary heart disease.
AB  - We now possess enough data concerning prognosis so that we can highlight the
      areas of concentration for the practicing physician. A history of congestive
      failure, hypertension,or diabetes is of greatest importance. Smoking is in a
      similar category, but cholesterol elevation is not. Electrocardiographic findings
      can be used as an immediate discriminator, depending on whether they are normal
      or abnormal. Further refinements are possible, depending on whether there are ST
      segment depressions or elevations, ventricular conduction defects, repetitive
      ventricular dysrhythmias, left ventricular hypertrophy, or Q waves of prior
      infarctions. The exercise electrocardiogram provides additional important
      information and, if markedly abnormal, can detect with reasonable degree of
      accuracy the presence and degree of ischemic heart disease. The coronary
      arteriogram, which influences many of the preceding clinical criteria, permits an
      accurate prediction of five-year mortality and in a preliminary fashion can be
      integrated with electrocardiographic and ventriculographic abnormalities to
      derive a significant measure of prognosis. Finally, cardiac function, if assessed
      according to specific criteria, becomes an extremely important variable in
      predicting natural history in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 979346
TI  - Therapy to control coronary atherosclerosis and its complications.

PMID- 979345
TI  - Arrhythmias in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 979347
TI  - Coronary anatomy.
AB  - The coronary arteries have a serpentine but interdependent relationship to one
      another. The left artery supplies the majority of the left ventricular myocardium
      irrespective of right or left arterial "dominance." A coronary artery obstruction
      begins to assume significance when it approaches 75% of the cross-sectional area
      of the vessel. Increasing degrees of stenosis impose limitations to blood flow
      during stress and finally even under resting conditions. Analysis of the
      arteriogram requires not only knowledge of normal anatomy and its variations but
      also appreciation of difficulties in distinguishing a normal from an abnormal
      artery and in quantifying the functional severity of an obvious obstruction.

PMID- 979348
TI  - Coronary collaterals.
AB  - Coronary collaterals are probably enlargements of pre-existing channels which
      respond to local vasodilators and which function whenever pressure differences
      exist across them. Thus, in human coronary atherosclerosis collaterals are only
      seen when there is a severe intervening arterial obstruction (in excess of 75%).
      Coronary collaterals follow epicardial and intramycardial pathways, and the
      intermediary connections may be at vessels of highly varying caliber. The flow
      potential of most collateral pathways in man is possibly adequate for segmental
      myocardial function at lower than normal demands but clearly is inadequate for
      most, if not all, stressful interventions. In the last analysis, coronary
      collaterals in man are more an indication of severe regional ischemia (present or
      potential) than a sign of biological "compensation'' for a perfusion deficit.

PMID- 979349
TI  - Physiology of myocardial blood flow and metabolism.
AB  - In this chapter the normal functioning of the coronary circulation has been
      described with major emphasis placed on the hydraulic and small vessel resistance
      factors in its regulation. The impact of various forms of disease to compromise
      effective delivery of blood flow either in general or segmentally has also been
      stressed. The vulnerability of the deep or subendocardial layers to ischemia has
      been emphasized. The distinction has been drawn between primary and secondary
      vasodilatation, the primary type representing effects on the arteriole,
      irrespective of effects on myocardial mechanical and metabolic activity, while
      the secondary type represents changes in response to changes in the metabolic
      rate. An interrelationship has been demonstrated among the several factors which
      regulate blood supply and affect myocardial mechanical activity.

PMID- 979350
TI  - Comparison of plasma levels of 11-desoxycortisol (S), tetrahydro-11
      desoxycortisol (THS) and total 11-desoxycorticosteroids (total 11-DCS), as
      indices of pituitary-adrenal response to oral metapyrone.

PMID- 979351
TI  - Augmentation of pentylenetetrazol induced seizures by tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 979352
TI  - A new system for the interpretation of manifest dreams.

PMID- 979353
TI  - Concomitants of short-and long-term calcitonin therapy.

PMID- 979354
TI  - Inborn errors of copper metabolism: kinky hair disease and hepatolenticular
      degeneration. Therapeutic approaches.

PMID- 979355
TI  - Clinical use of digitalis: some unanswered questions.

PMID- 979356
TI  - Report of the commission for Coordination of the Polish-American Scientific
      Cooperation for 1974.

PMID- 979357
TI  - Radiological case of the month: Fibrous dysplasia with Albright's syndrome.

PMID- 979358
TI  - The treatment of influenza.

PMID- 979359
TI  - Exclusion from taxation of gain derived from the sale of a personal residence by
      a taxpayer 65 or older.

PMID- 979360
TI  - Euthanasia: is there an answer?

PMID- 979361
TI  - A visit to Minneapolis.

PMID- 979362
TI  - [Bronchographic aspects of behavior of pericystic cavum after surgical treatment
      of pulmonary echinococcus].

PMID- 979363
TI  - [Use of bronchodilator agents in the treatment of bronchial obstructive diseases
      in children].

PMID- 979364
TI  - [Oral therapy of diabetes mellitus by combination of hypoglycemic agents].

PMID- 979366
TI  - [Breast neoplasms treated at the Surgical Department of the Regional Medical
      Center in Zenica in the period of 1969-1973].

PMID- 979365
TI  - [Electroencephalography in the diagnosis and therapy of epilepsy].

PMID- 979367
TI  - [Electric stimulators and cardiac arrhythmias - new views and experiences].

PMID- 979368
TI  - [Report on 58 cases of meningiomas].

PMID- 979369
TI  - Effect of human sexuality on well-being from birth to aging.

PMID- 979370
TI  - Medical, psychological, and social aspects of contraceptive choice.

PMID- 979371
TI  - Simple test for electrophysiologically tolerable parameters of artificial
      stimulation.

PMID- 979372
TI  - [A stimulator for the determination of receiving surfaces of visual neurons].

PMID- 979373
TI  - Electric-field distribution in the human body using finite-element method.

PMID- 979374
TI  - Dielectric constant and resistivity of epidermal stratum corneum.

PMID- 979375
TI  - Portable 7-channel binary recorder with punched paper-tape interface.

PMID- 979376
TI  - Tungsten-fibre reinforced composite pin with potential applications in
      orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 979377
TI  - Optical pattern generator for visual research.

PMID- 979378
TI  - Method of measuring human pulmonary capillary blood flow.

PMID- 979379
TI  - A simple sulphur-dioxide meter.

PMID- 979380
TI  - Specific heat of bone.

PMID- 979381
TI  - Measurement of blood viscosity using a conicylindrical viscometer.

PMID- 979382
TI  - Direct readout of respiratory impedance.

PMID- 979383
TI  - Low-noise cable and slip-ring assembly for recording of small-amplitude
      physiological signals in chronic animals.

PMID- 979384
TI  - Theory of evaluation of the single pneumatic resistor decompression computer.

PMID- 979385
TI  - Warning device for the prevention of ischaemic ulcers in quadriplegics.

PMID- 979386
TI  - On discrete deconvolution.

PMID- 979387
TI  - Wideband electromechanical stimulator.

PMID- 979388
TI  - Automatic over-range device for strip-chart recorders.

PMID- 979389
TI  - Reflected ultraviolet photography of human tissues.

PMID- 979390
TI  - Medical illustration training in North America, appropriate for today?

PMID- 979392
TI  - Microfilm in scientific publishing.

PMID- 979391
TI  - Photographic study of vented anaesthetic gases.

PMID- 979393
TI  - Photography as an aid to dermatology.

PMID- 979394
TI  - Ancient lesions of the hip joint.

PMID- 979395
TI  - Versatile mobile television demonstration trolley.

PMID- 979397
TI  - Penny-wise and pound-foolish: another look at the data.

PMID- 979396
TI  - The high rate of appendectomy in Japan.
AB  - During the past 25 years in Japan, a change has occurred in the number of
      appendectomies performed. The results of an investigation in a private (N)
      hospital showed that 63 per cent of the operations was for "catarrhal
      appendicitis" that had no inflammatory findings. This "catarrhal type" was found
      at the highest level in young women. We also investigated the rate of
      appendectomy by age, and computed the yearly rate increase. It was found that a
      significant increase in the operation rate began about 1950, and the annual rate
      thereafter amounted to about 0.75 per cent-or about threefold that in England.
      This annual increase was attributed to the number of cases in which no
      inflammation was found in the operated appendix. We discussed the cause and
      concluded that this high rate of appendectomy is believed to be secondary to the
      fee-for-service system in the medical insurance programs that were instituted in
      Japan after World War II.

PMID- 979398
TI  - Common manifestations of degenerative arterial disease.
AB  - The major focus of preventive medicine in the aged must be on the clinical
      consequences of peripheral arteriosclerosis rather than the disease process
      itself. Treating risk factors may be of some limited benefit. However, of most
      crucial importance is careful attention to premonitory symptoms and the state of
      the peripheral pulses including the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 979399
TI  - Venous disease and its complications.

PMID- 979400
TI  - Renal disease in the elderly.

PMID- 979401
TI  - Is diabetes a model for aging?

PMID- 979402
TI  - The increasing problem of malignancy in the elderly. New concepts in diagnosis
      and management.

PMID- 979403
TI  - Heat stroke in the elderly.

PMID- 979404
TI  - Changes in behavior, mood, or thinking in the elderly. Diagnosis and management.

PMID- 979406
TI  - Nuclear medicine in the USA.

PMID- 979405
TI  - Preventive medicine in geriatrics.

PMID- 979407
TI  - [Psychotherapeutic process].

PMID- 979408
TI  - [Lassa fever--a new and contagious exotic imported disease].

PMID- 979409
TI  - [Health care of immigrants].

PMID- 979410
TI  - [New aspects of the treatment of breast cancer].

PMID- 979411
TI  - [How is breast cancer diagnosed and treated in Sweden?].

PMID- 979412
TI  - [Diagnosis of breast cancer through health education].

PMID- 979413
TI  - [Asymmetric urinary bladder in urography].

PMID- 979415
TI  - [SR--our most important laboratory test].

PMID- 979414
TI  - [Papilledema in treatment with doxycycline].

PMID- 979416
TI  - [Refractory anemias--classification and treatment].

PMID- 979417
TI  - [Views on peroperative fluid treatment].

PMID- 979418
TI  - [Compensatory hypertrophy of the small intestine and its etiological factors].

PMID- 979419
TI  - [Short bowel syndrome].

PMID- 979420
TI  - [Short bowel syndrome].

PMID- 979421
TI  - [Incautious prescription of psychotropic drugs].

PMID- 979422
TI  - [Psoriasis is no obstacle to smallpox vaccination].

PMID- 979423
TI  - [Adhesive tape stretch not appropiate for children].

PMID- 979424
TI  - [Certificate of negligence insufficiently grounded].

PMID- 979425
TI  - [Iritis with synechia incorrectly treated].

PMID- 979426
TI  - [Acute abdomen ought to have been hospitalized].

PMID- 979427
TI  - [Could the patient manage the catheter]?

PMID- 979428
TI  - [Atherosclerosis].

PMID- 979429
TI  - [Computerized tomography and the heart].

PMID- 979430
TI  - [The sympathetic nervous system and renin secretion of the kidney].

PMID- 979431
TI  - [Relations of the brain to the renin-angiotensin system].

PMID- 979432
TI  - [Renin-angiotensin system in the diagnosis of essential hypertension].

PMID- 979433
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin system in normal and hypertensive individuals].

PMID- 979434
TI  - [Current views on the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 979435
TI  - [Day care in lung medicine, Experiences from the experimental work at Huddinge
      hospital].

PMID- 979436
TI  - [Range and treatment of infectious diseases at Dakar, Senegal].

PMID- 979437
TI  - [Poisonings by anticholinergic agents treated with physostigmine salicylate].

PMID- 979438
TI  - [Population growth and abortion legislation].

PMID- 979439
TI  - [Long term follow-up study of 207 hypertensive patients treated with propranolol
      in outpatient care].

PMID- 979440
TI  - [Water lavage-- or water lavage with bisacodyl solution as a complement to
      routine x-ray preparation].

PMID- 979441
TI  - [Medical psychotherapy].

PMID- 979442
TI  - [Photobiology].

PMID- 979443
TI  - [Normal response to sunlight].

PMID- 979444
TI  - [Dermatoses activated or aggravated by sunlight].

PMID- 979445
TI  - [Chronic sunlight damage].

PMID- 979446
TI  - [Testing of light dermatoses].

PMID- 979447
TI  - [Sunlight protection].

PMID- 979448
TI  - [Skin diseases positively influenced by sunlight].

PMID- 979449
TI  - [Cannabis in our society].

PMID- 979450
TI  - [Chemistry and metabolism of cannabinoids].

PMID- 979451
TI  - [Detection of cannabis use and relation of its pharmacokinetics to its effects in
      man].

PMID- 979452
TI  - [Pharmacology of cannabinoids].

PMID- 979453
TI  - [Cannabis: Use and misuse].

PMID- 979454
TI  - [Psychoses from cannabis--case reports].

PMID- 979455
TI  - [International aspects of cannabis].

PMID- 979456
TI  - [Cannabis--range of its misuse and developing trends].

PMID- 979457
TI  - [Cannabis--narcotic conventions, legislation and legislative debate].

PMID- 979458
TI  - [Hepatitis after treatment with sulfonamides].

PMID- 979460
TI  - [1st half-year of legal sterilization].

PMID- 979459
TI  - [Pulmonary reactions after treatment with nitrofurantoin].

PMID- 979461
TI  - [Shoulder dislocation which could have been diagnosed earlier].

PMID- 979462
TI  - [Hospital infection control should be intensified!].

PMID- 979463
TI  - [Atherosclerosis in Tokyo].

PMID- 979465
TI  - [Ischemic cerebrovascular lesions (2). Survey of principles of examination and
      treatment at the Neurological Department of Karolinska hospital].

PMID- 979464
TI  - [Ischemic cerebrovascular lesions. Etiology and risk factors].

PMID- 979466
TI  - [Ischemic cerebrovascular disorders (3): Radiographic diagnosis].

PMID- 979467
TI  - [Ischemic cerebrovascular lesions (4): Surgical treatment].

PMID- 979468
TI  - [Neuroblastoma in Lund 1950-1974].

PMID- 979469
TI  - [Narcotic problem in 1976--debate, problem and measures].

PMID- 979470
TI  - [Experience with legal abortion].

PMID- 979471
TI  - [Total pancreatectomy].

PMID- 979472
TI  - [Early complications and long-term results after total gastrectomy. A
      contribution to finding a method of gastric replacement, based on own
      observations (author's transl)].
AB  - In the years 1963 up to 1973 in the Department of Surgery of the University of
      Dusseldorf a total gastrectomy was performed in 53 patients. For reconstitution
      of gastrointestinal continuity in 22 cases we interposed a single jejunal loop
      between the esophagus and duodenum, in 15 patients we performed an
      esophagojejunostomy with a long enteroanastomosis between the afferent and
      efferent loop. The procedure described by Tomoda was done in 11 patients. An
      esophagojejunostomy Roux-en-Y we used in 3 and an esophagoduodenostomy in only 2
      cases. The hospital mortality was 21%, the cause of which were predominantly
      complications of the lung. A dehiscence of an anastomosis never was a cause of
      death. A follow-up we could perform in 15 patients. On the basis of clinical,
      roentgenological and chemical data received in the follow-up we prefer at this
      time the interposition of a single jejunal loop, the length of which should be no
      less than 40 cm.

PMID- 979473
TI  - [The surgical treatment of villous tumours of the large bowel (author's transl)].
AB  - The treatment of 12 patients with villous tumours of the rectum is described. In
      benign lesions a sphincter conserving operation should be employed. With the
      technique of submucosal local excision per anum which was described by A.G. Parks
      it is possible to remove large villous tumours of the rectum. If there is
      malignant change with invasion of the muscularis muscosae which is found in about
      20% of the cases resection therapy is necessary.

PMID- 979474
TI  - [Uncusectomy and uncoforaminectomy according to Jung. Technique, indications and
      results (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors described the technique of uncusectomy and uncoforaminectomia
      according to A. Jung. The Jung-operation can be defined as the opening of the
      intervertebral foramina through the anterior approach. The aims of this operation
      are the liberation of a displaced or narrowed vertebral artery and to free
      compressed or irritated nerve roots by means of opening and widening the
      intervertebral foramina from the front. This report is based on 180 such
      operations performed by A. Jung and colleagues. The operation is indicated
      whenever cervical uncarthrosis leads to a vertebrobasilar insufficiency syndrome
      or a cervical-brachial irritation syndrome. Both syndromes commonly occur
      together. The results of operative treatment are analysed and the success rate
      lies around 80%.

PMID- 979475
TI  - [Complications of the vagotomy during the operation and in the early
      postoperative period (author's transl)].
AB  - 426 subdiaphragmatic vagotomy operations were performed by the authors. On basis
      of the results obtained they give full details of the complications arising in
      the course and in the early postoperative period after vagotomy, and also of the
      possibilities preventing these complications. They call the attention to the more
      frequent injuries of the spleen and the oesophagus, and to the increasing number
      of the subphrenic abscess. Finally, they emphasize the low mortality rate of the
      vagotomy in comparison to the traditional gastric resections.

PMID- 979476
TI  - [Massive hemorrhage caused by acute solitary gastric erosion Dieulafoy. Change of
      prognosis due to preoperative endoscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - In this report of three successfully operated cases of acute solitary gastric
      erosion--Ulcus Dieulafoy (U.D.), the anatomical and clinical characteristics of
      this rare gastric lesion are discussed. Due credit is given to reports of the
      literature. As born out by experience, conservative treatment of bleeding U.D. is
      usually lethal. Judged from statistical evaluation, surgical intervention has
      proven to be unsuccessful in many cases. This is directly related to the problem
      of intraoperative localisation, which, in turn, may lead to illadvised
      procedures. With acurate localisation of the lesion, surgical management yields
      good to excellent results. Acute endoscopy as a routine procedure in
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage in our experience is the key to success, leading to a
      possibly decisive change in the prognosis of U.D.

PMID- 979477
TI  - [Experimental treatment of the lesion of the flexor tendon, by means of tendon
      sheath substitution using a vein and diphasic flexor tendon plasty. A new method
      for the reconstruction of peritendinous slipping surfaces (author's transl)].
AB  - In dog experiments the surgical treatment of flexor tendons is discussed by the
      authors: the lesions of the tendons have been repaired according to the method of
      Paneva-Holevitch, with biphasic flexor tendon plasty; and for the substitution of
      the injured tendon sheath and the peritendinous slipping surfaces freely
      transplanted, autologous vein has been used. In the preparations removed after 8
      weeks both the macroscopic and microscopic examinations showed satisfactory
      vascularity of the vein used as tendon sheath and of the tendinous tissue, as
      well as normal tissue structure. Between the vein and the tendon only small,
      ligamentous adhesions developed. On the basis of the good results obtained in
      experimental examinations the method is applied by the authors also in men with
      satisfactory result.

PMID- 979478
TI  - [Experimental bone replacement with resorbable calcium phosphate ceramic
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Compact cylindrical implants (5 x 15.5 mm) of seven calcium phosphate ceramics of
      different formulations that had been implanted for 6 weeks without fixation in
      the tibia of dogs were examined histologically. The tissue compatibility of the
      implant turned out to be dependent on the mineralogical and chemical composition
      of the material: the ceramic material was biocompatible at a CaO/P2O5 ratio
      between 2:1 and 4:1, the optimum ratio being about 3:1 (tricalcium phosphate). In
      addition, cylindrical tetracalcium phosphate implatns with an entirely porous
      structure were implanted in the same manner. After 6 months, they were resorbed
      to a minor extent. Implants of different calcium phosphate mixtures, on the other
      hand, were resorbed to a large extend after the same time. The ceramic material
      was replaced by mineralised bone tissue which had formed directly on the ceramic
      implant as well as within the pores. There were no foreign body reactions.
      Investigations with segment-shaped implants which were implanted in the tibia of
      dogs and fixed with AO-plates or splints extra-cutaneously for about 8-10 weeks,
      provided information abouth the maximum stress that can be borne by the implants.
      While implants with a porosity of 75 percent did not sustain the stress after the
      fixation had been removed, those with a porosity of 45 percent could be subjected
      to physiological stress after removal of the splints.

PMID- 979479
TI  - [Epithelial dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. Histological possibility for the
      early diagnosis of "colitis"-carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - From 249 histologically examined cases with ulcerative colitis (within the years
      1967 to 1974) 20 cases were selected, which had an onset of the disease before
      the 20th year of age and/or a duration of more than 10 years. These cases were
      checked-up for "prae-cancerous" epithelial dysplasia. Four of these 20 cases
      showed medium to severe epithelial dysplasia together with carcinoma (= 1.61% of
      the entire collective). In 2 cases low grade to severe dysplasia occurred in
      different parts of the colon without demonstrable carcinoma. In 1 case epidermoid
      epithelial metaplasia were found in the splenic flexure and in the rectum. The
      biological significance of these metaplasia remains unclear. With reference to
      the formal pathogenesis these lesions are probably "indirect" metaplasia. The
      early diagnosis of "colitis"-carcinoma can be improved by systematic colonoscopic
      examinations resp. by colonoscopic biopsies. "Prae-cancerous" epithelial
      dysplasias, which occur in a high rate together with carcinoma, are found not
      only in the rectum but also in other parts of the colon. Multiple biopsies from
      different parts of the colon as well as the rectum would thus seem to be
      desirable if mucosal sampling is to be employed as a screening test.

PMID- 979480
TI  - [A panel on vascular surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - For this second panel by correspondence, we have asked 3 distinguished experts to
      answer 7 questions and to comment on 3 case histories concerning vascular
      surgery. Although a direct discussion between the participants was not possible
      an impressive degree of agreement is here being demonstrated.

PMID- 979481
TI  - [Compression of the celiac trunk (author's transl)].
AB  - Besides the vascular changes caused by arteriosclerosis the compression stenosis
      is the most frequent form of the isolated restriction of the arteria coeliaca.
      The compression of the arteria coeliaca, caused by the ligamentum arcuatum
      medianum or a fribromatous ganglion tissue, can cause complaints similar to the
      symptoms of angina abdominalis: pains in the epigastrium, postprandial pains,
      loss of weight, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, 93% of the patients with severe
      vascular compression have an abdominal vascular murmur. Of 31 patients with
      angiographically proved compression stenosis, 11 patients suffering from
      occlusion or intense stenosis had to be operated because of heavy complaints. The
      angiographic and intraoperative findings allow the conclusion that there is a
      connection between the extent of the stenosis and the clinical appearance. The
      decompression of the arteria coeliaca, in other words the detachment of the
      compressing tissue leads to total complaintlessness in 83% of the patients. If
      the arteria coeliaca is hypoplastic a vessel widening or a bypass operation is
      necessary to establish normal blood circulation in the epigastric organs.

PMID- 979482
TI  - [The development of diverticulosis and diverticulitis (author's transl)].
AB  - The cause of colonic diverticula is myostatic spasm. A low-residue diet
      contributes to this state as transit time through the bowel is slowed.
      Information gathered in 102 cases was analysed. The smooth muscle architecture of
      specially prepared operative specimens of diverticulosis were examined. In every
      case an asymmetric contracture of the smooth musculature led to the formation of
      gaps. Here the mucosa and muscularis mucosae can protrude through the bowel wall.
      The muscular spasm is responsible for incarceration of the diverticula.
      Inflammatory diverticulitis is compared to appendicitis.

PMID- 979483
TI  - [A special closure system of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat (author's
      transl)].
AB  - As a result of animal experiments, morpho-histologic and surgical findings, the
      presence of a new closure system of the gastrointestinal tract is described. The
      mode of action is different from that of all the known muscle sphincters. It is
      found in the ascending colon of the rat and consists of a specially arranged and
      adjustable mucosal folds with aunique vascularisation. A functional unit which
      comosed of a pair of folds and a vascular plexus constitute the valvular
      mechanism. We, therefore, consider appropriate to call it the Angioplical Closure
      System. Surgical reversion of even a very small portion of the system causes a
      lethal ileus.

PMID- 979484
TI  - [Appearance of a localized peritoneal mesothelioma seven years after resection of
      pericardium on account of localized pericardial mesothelioma (author's transl)].
AB  - For the first time appearance of a localized benign pericardial mesothelioma and
      peritoneal mesothelioma in one and the same patient is described. The experiences
      made in the course of the treatment, the diagnostic difficulties, symptomatology,
      histology and prognosis are discussed.

PMID- 979485
TI  - Prevention of stress ulcer by somatostatin in rats.
AB  - In animal experiments it was examined, to what extent prophylactic application of
      Somatostatin is able to prevent the stress-induced ulcer of the rat. 32 male
      Wistar rats were exposed to a combined immobilisation-hypoxia-stress.
      Somatostatin was given intraperitoneally as bolus and intravenously as a
      continuous infusion. The results indicated that Somatostatin lowers significantly
      the incidence rate of stress-induced gastric ulcers in the rat.

PMID- 979487
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of fluctuant hearing loss.

PMID- 979486
TI  - [Pathogenesis and clinic of pancreatic fistulas (author's transl)].
AB  - At the Surgical University Clinik of Mainz 53 patients with a pancreatic fistula
      have been observed in 12 years (1964-1975). Most frequently these fistulas
      occurred after operations for acute pancreatitis (20%), after exstirpation of
      insulinomas (20%) or after trauma (19%). In 44 cases an external and in 9 cases
      an internal fistula was seen. Pathogenetic differentiation in tryptic and non
      tryptic fistulas allows some prognostic conclusions. So tryptic fistulas are
      often complicated by internal fistulas with preference for the colon and must be
      operated more often. In 15 patients the persisting pancreatic fistula has been
      treated operatively. In seven cases pancreatic resection and in 4 cases the
      resection of a part of the colon was necessary. Conservatively treated fistulas
      in most cases closed within 6 weeks.

PMID- 979488
TI  - Experiences in lateral pharyngotomy.
AB  - Lateral pharyngotomy offers good exposure for the removal of many laryngeal and
      hypopharyngeal tumors. The simplified operation I present avoids damage to voice,
      deglutition or airway. This approach can be expanded to reach almost any tumor of
      the pharynx and radical neck dissection can be incorporated. The cosmetic result
      has been satisfactory, but if individual consideration prompts it, a more
      horizontal skin-fold incision can easily be substituted.

PMID- 979489
TI  - Thorium dioxide granuloma of the neck: a report of four cases.
AB  - Four patients with Thorotrast granuloma are reported. The first patient had a
      radical neck dissection performed; however, postoperative hemorrhage and fistula
      occurred with a six-month delay in healing. The granuloma in this patient had
      totally occluded his carotid system with a greatly enlarged vertebral artery. A
      second patient presented with spontaneous bleeding in the neck from a granuloma
      followed by encephalomalacia, hemiparesis and aphasia. The third and fourth
      patients presented as hoarseness with a hard mass in the neck. All four patients
      had Thorotrast in the liver and spleen. The latter three had laryngoscopies and
      incisional neck biopsies as their only surgical treatment. Neck malignancy from
      Thorotrast is very rare. Despite legal decisions suggesting removal and similar
      suggestions in the literature, the authors feel only small extravasations have
      had uncomplicated operations. Neck dissection is rarely indicated. Hoarseness can
      be improved by vocal cord injection. These patients, of course, must be followed
      periodically as any other tumor, checking the neck mass, liver, and carotid
      circulation.

PMID- 979490
TI  - Intact canal wall tympanoplasty in the management of cholesteatoma.
AB  - There are presently two schools of thought on the proper surgical management of
      cholesteatoma associated with chronic ear disease: one feels that the ear should
      be exteriorized and left "open"; the other takes the position that the disease
      can be removed, and the ear left in its normal anatomical and functional state.
      The latter group are known to favor a "closed" or more conservative procedure.
      The purpose of this paper is to review a series of patients who have had
      cholesteatoma managed by an intact canal wall procedure that prevents a
      postoperative cavity. Out of a series of 590 chronic ear surgeries performed
      between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1974, there were 179 done for
      cholesteatoma (30 percent). There were 153 patients, 26 of whom had bilateral
      disease. Twenty-three patients were lost to follow-up, giving an overall total of
      154 surgeries with from one to five-year information. The overall follow-up rate
      was 85 percent. Recurrent cholesteatoma was the most bothersome complication and
      occurred in 14 percent of the series. Residual cholesteatoma was managed by doing
      all procedures in two stages. The authors feel that the intact canal wall
      tympanoplasty is a procedure that will gain acceptance and will be more widely
      used in the future.

PMID- 979491
TI  - Papillomas of the larynx and pharynx: two case reports.
AB  - Two unusual cases of papillomas are presented: the first is that of a young boy
      with extensive papillomas of the larynx who was treated successfully without
      tracheotomy using endolaryngeal surgery and steroids at the time of each
      procedure. This case adds to the clinical evidence that the most probable cause
      of juvenile papillomas is a virus, since the mother had condyloma acuminata
      during pregnancy and at term. The second case is that of a young girl with
      rapidly recurring papillomas of the mouth and pharynx who was treated
      successfully with an autogenous vaccine and cryosurgery after other measures
      failed. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of cryosurgery in the treatment
      of papillomas and the possible efficacy of the autogenous vaccine suggests a
      viral etiology for papillomas of the pharynx and larynx.

PMID- 979492
TI  - Temporal bone findings in Pierre Robin syndrome.
AB  - This is the first complete report on the histopathologic study of the temporal
      bones from an infant with a well-documented Pierre Robin syndrome (micrognathia,
      glossoptosis and cleft palate), demonstrating multiple middle and inner ear
      anomalies. The anomalies are basically architectural malformations rather than
      neutral or end organ developmental anomalies. The anomalies in this case, except
      for a few points, are somewhat similar in both ears. Multiple anomalies include:
      abnormal narrowing of the crus commune-utricle junction, superiorly located crus
      commune and posterior semicircular canal, underdeveloped modiolus, absence of the
      bony septum between the middle and apical coil (existence of scala communis in
      left ear), abnormally small internal auditory meatus, and abnormal direction of
      internal auditory canal, large cartilaginous mass around the superior
      semicircular canal and in the tympanic end of the fissula ante fenestram, small
      facial nerve, large facial bony canal dehiscence, anomalic stapes, etc.

PMID- 979494
TI  - Current adjuncts for surgery of the sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland.
AB  - Surgical intervention in the region of the sphenoid sinus pituitary gland
      requires extreme precision because of enveloping vital structures. The rhinologic
      approach to the pituitary gland, once abandoned due to limited visibility and the
      risk of meningitis, has experienced a renaissance as a result of recent medical
      and technical advances. Antibiotics have almost eliminated the risk of
      meningitis, and the operating microscope and televised radiofluoroscope now
      provide sufficient illumination, magnification, and orientation that injury to
      nearby structures can be avoided. A mid-line rhinologic approach provides ample
      exposure and further minimizes operative hazards.

PMID- 979493
TI  - Zinc therapy in otology.
AB  - At a recent panel on Otology, I asked the audience for a show of hands of those
      using Zinc for delayed healing and granulations. It was surprising to note that
      not more than 4 physicians out of 100 had tried Zinc. The need to report our
      encouraging results was apparent. From 1971 to 1975, 544 tympanoplasties and 122
      mastoidectomies were studied for delayed healing due to granulations. Forty-six
      patients were found to have resistant granulations. Thirty-three of these healed
      within two weeks of therapy, 10 more required a total of four weeks for healing,
      and three did not respond well. Sixteen patients had recurrence when the
      medication was terminated as soon as healing had occurred but responded well when
      the medication was continued for four weeks after healing was complete. Five
      patients had nausea, which subsided when the dosage was reduced from the usual
      200 mg. of Zinc Sulfate, three times daily with meals to 100 mg., t.i.d. or
      b.i.d. One patient developed mild urticaria. Zinc therapy is apparently indicated
      in granulomata of the ear when healing does not occur with conventional therapy,
      especially in the post-operative patient; however, it will not suffice when there
      is massive involvement of the mastoid or middle ear, where surgical removal is
      indicated.

PMID- 979495
TI  - Auditory thresholds in the guinea pig: a preliminary report of a behavioral
      technique employing a food reward.
AB  - Guinea pigs have been trained to press a lever for a food reward. Then the
      behavior was used to obtain the auditory thresholds for six guinea pigs. The
      thresholds obtained in the present study agree with those previously obtained by
      Heffner, et al. The most important aspect of the training process was the
      habituation of the guinea pigs. Once the guinea pig was accustomed to the food
      and training cage, he could be trained in a manner similar to that used to train
      many other species.

PMID- 979496
TI  - An unusual application of a CROS hearing aid.
AB  - This paper describes the use of the CROS hearing aid principle on cases of
      congenital atresia. This young girl has had several operations which attempted to
      create a canal and tympanum, but the canal persisted in closing. A bone vibrator
      eyeglass hearing aid was fitted but was largely unsuccessful. Having a 50 db air
      conduction loss was handicapping to this youngster, but the usual head worn
      hearing aid could not be fitted because of the lack of any canal, causing
      feedback. She refused a body type aid. The solution is this case was a CROS
      behind-the-ear hearing aid. She enjoys about a 25 db useful gain from this
      fitting.

PMID- 979497
TI  - Nasal obstruction caused by a pituitary chromophobe adenoma.
AB  - Nasal obstruction as the only clinical manifestation of a pituitary tumor is
      rare. A case is reported of a 58-year-old white male with obstruction of the nose
      and nasopharynx due to a massive pituitary tumor, which recurred 21 years after
      primary radiation treatment. At autopsy, extensive destruction of the sphenoid
      and base of the skull was noted. Final pathologic diagnosis was Chromophobe
      Adenoma. Common clinical features of chromophobe adenomas are discussed.

PMID- 979498
TI  - Frontal  sinus disease. IV. Cellular response to experimentally-induced
      infection.
AB  - The pathogenesis of chronic frontal sinusitis is poorly understood. The canine
      frontal sinus model was developed to isolate experimentally the variables
      involved. We have recently determined that blockage of the naso-frontal duct does
      not, by itself, produce sinusitis or mucocele experimentally. The purpose of the
      present investigation is to examine the histological and ultrastructural
      responses of the sinus mucosa to artificially-induced infection. Bone wax was
      implanted in the canine frontal sinus via an osteoplastic flap, and subsequently
      removed three months later. Radiological, histological and ultrastructural
      analysis of the resultant infected mucosa was performed at periods up to one
      year. The sinus mucosa did not return to normal up to nine months following
      removal of the infection-inciting foreign body. Persistent changes included
      epithelial and submucosal thickening, polypoid degeneration, matting of the
      ciliary carpet, and "bursting" of the ciliary cell bodies. In the light of this
      and previous experiments, an insidious cycle of events leading to irreversible
      frontal sinus disease is postulated, requiring the interplay of at least three
      variables: the infectious insults, the response of the sinus mucosa, and the
      variable patency of the nasofrontal duct.

PMID- 979499
TI  - Metastasis of malignant melanoma of the nasal mucosa to the small intestine.
AB  - Malignant melanoma of the mucous membranes is rare and has a very poor prognosis.
      When localized in the nose, the tumor becomes apparent late in the course of the
      disease with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Distant metastases are uncommon,
      but any organ of the body can be involved. A case of a malignant melanoma of the
      nasal mucosa with metastasis to the small intestine is presented, and the natural
      history of the metastatic disease is discussed.

PMID- 979500
TI  - A model for tracheal study.
AB  - While attempting to devise a valvular device to prevent aspiration in tracheo
      esophageal anastomosis, we employed a model in the dog, which we feel would be
      very useful in the study of other tracheal problems. Essentially, a segment of
      trachea with its blood supply intact is isolated and turned through 90 degrees.
      One end of the segment is then anastomosed to the skin whereas the other end is
      either anastomosed to the gullet or covered with silastic, depending upon the
      required investigation. In both cases, after an interval of at least nine months,
      the segment continued to be lined by respiratory epithelium and no stenosis had
      occurred. Where silastic sheeting was employed to cover the end of the segment,
      the inner aspect of the silastic was covered with a thin layer of fibrous tissues
      lined by respiratory epithelium.

PMID- 979501
TI  - Implantation of multiple intracochlear electrodes for rehabilitation of total
      deafness: preliminary report.
AB  - Many instances of total deafness are due to destruction of the organ of Corti but
      with partial or complete preservation of the function of the cochlear nerve. In
      such cases, it is possible to restore some hearing by electrically stimulating
      the fibers of the cochlear nerve with the help of implanted electrodes.
      Preoperative testing with electric shocks applied to the round window have
      aroused sensations of noise in 45 cases of total bilateral deafness with a great
      variety of etiologies. The only negative results were in two cases of operated
      acoustic neuromas. Our operation places up to eight intracochlear electrodes,
      each with a separate fenestration opening into an electrically isolated
      compartment of the scala tympani. Stimulation of each electrode yields a
      different sound sensation of a pitch that depends on its location along the
      cochlea. Electric filters direct different frequency bands to the appropriate
      electrodes, with the necessary compression of dynamic range. In three
      experimental cases of unilateral deafness, pitch matches to the normal ear were
      made. In seven therapeutic operations on adult cases of acquired total bilateral
      deafness, speech recognition was usually relearned within a month or two.
      Improvement of voice quality was also dramatic. The intracochlear electrodes have
      been well tolerated for months, but the method of connection to the external
      equipment still presents difficulties.

PMID- 979502
TI  - Histiocytic medullary reticulosis with involvement of the nose.
AB  - A case of histiocytic medullary reticulosis in which nasal involvement was
      predominant is reported. The patient was a 33-year-old woman with a 14-month
      history of unilateral nasal stuffiness. The diagnosis was established by
      antemortem examination of films of bone marrow aspirates and by clinical features
      including fever, wasting, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and leukopenia. The
      histologic examination of autopsy specimens disclosed proliferation of
      histiocytes, which ingested nuclear debris and closed proliferation of
      histiocytes, which ingested nuclear debris and erythrocytes, in the necrotic
      lesion of the nose, sternal bone marrow, liver, spleen, thymus, uterus, ovali,
      and ileum. On reviewing literature on this subject, such a case of histiocytic
      medullary reticulosis which predominantly involves the nose is very rare.

PMID- 979503
TI  - "Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery--how i do it". The lower
      blepharoplasty.
AB  - The above-described operation is the musculocutaneous ("skin-muscle") flap
      procedure of blepharoplasty for the lower lid. The author is pleased to state
      that he has been very satisfied with this technique and that he has experienced
      no serious complications with it. Although the scar may be somewhat low by most
      standards, after several weeks it is hardly discernible (Fig. 7).

PMID- 979504
TI  - [The public health aspects of physical education, sports and recreation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 979505
TI  - [The effect of the live attenuated parotitis vaccine on the course of parotitis
      epidemic in school children (author's transl)].

PMID- 979507
TI  - [Primary cell cultures of intracranial tumors and tumors of the spinal cord
      system in man: a diagnostic aid (author's transl)].

PMID- 979506
TI  - [A disorder of gas exchange in patients with nose temponade due to epistaxis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 979508
TI  - [X-ray differential diagnosis of the right anterior cardiodiaphragmatic angle
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 979509
TI  - [Some features of drug therapy in renal failure (author's transl)].

PMID- 979510
TI  - [The problem of unceasing variability in influenza virus (author's transl)].

PMID- 979511
TI  - [Acute renal insufficiency during acute pancreatitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 979512
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients on chronic hemodialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 979513
TI  - [The role of triiodothyronine in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 979514
TI  - [Influenza continually enigma (author's transl)].

PMID- 979515
TI  - [Ultrustructural study of capillaries in involuted psoriatic lesions (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 979516
TI  - [A retrospective study of 607 patients with mumps meningitis and
      miningoencephalitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 979517
TI  - [The role of receptors on the surface of lymphocytes in immune reactions
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 979518
TI  - [Non-agglutinable vibrios (NAG-vibrios) and cholera (author's transl)].

PMID- 979519
TI  - [The pathogenicity of influenza virus (author's transl)].

PMID- 979520
TI  - [Haematologic side-effects of methyldopa: a study in the region of Split
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 979521
TI  - [Diazepam and its side effects in the treatment of tetanus (author's transl)].

PMID- 979523
TI  - [Does parotitis impair the fertilizing capacity of man (author's transl)?].

PMID- 979522
TI  - [Cytologic diagnosis of malignant melanoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 979524
TI  - [Comments on the origin of syphilis].

PMID- 979525
TI  - [A radiological and clinical study of the causes of difficulties following
      cholecystectomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 979526
TI  - [An outbreak of subclinical typhoid fever in a home for mentally retarded
      children (author's transl)].

PMID- 979527
TI  - [The therapy of convulsive states and attacks in children (author's transl)].

PMID- 979528
TI  - [Posttraumatic obstructions of the nose in children (author's transl)].

PMID- 979529
TI  - [49,xxxxy syndrome associated with congenital heart disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 979530
TI  - [Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the epistropheus (author's transl)].

PMID- 979531
TI  - [Some recent studies in the cardiotoxicity of aerosol propellants (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 979532
TI  - [Side effects of prophylactic lithium therapy in manic-depressive psychoses
      (correlation with serum concentration) (author's transl)].

PMID- 979533
TI  - [Diazoxide administered to control hypertension in patients on extracorporeal
      hemodialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 979534
TI  - [Radiotherapy of non-radically removed hemangiomas].

PMID- 979535
TI  - [Radiation-hygienic evaluation of different methods of intracavitary gamma
      therapy of cervical cancer].

PMID- 979536
TI  - [Moving beam irradiation in combined treatment of cervical cancer].

PMID- 979537
TI  - [DNA content/of breast cancer before and after large-fractionated irradiation].

PMID- 979538
TI  - [Bile-forming process after resection of the left lobe of the liber in
      experimental acute radiation sickness].

PMID- 979539
TI  - [Split course of gamma therapy and its combination with chemotherapy of patients
      with late-stage malignant tumors of the head and neck].

PMID- 979540
TI  - [Effect of fractionated irradiation on hepatic arteries].

PMID- 979541
TI  - [Distribution of complex compounds of radioactive indium in the body in the
      presence of other metals].

PMID- 979542
TI  - [Use of simultaneous double labeling of erythrocytes with Fe59 and Cr51 in the
      diagnosis of erythremia].

PMID- 979543
TI  - [Radiation safety in diagnostic use of Xe133].

PMID- 979544
TI  - [Guiding forceps for introduction of radioactive needles].

PMID- 979545
TI  - [Effectiveness of certain agents pretecting body surface from external beta
      radiation].

PMID- 979546
TI  - [Separation of Am241 from Pu239 in the rat skeleton after intravenous and
      intraperitoneal administration of Pu239 (IV) citrate solution - Am241 (III)].

PMID- 979547
TI  - [Changes in the arteries of the tongue after irradiation of the mandibular
      region].

PMID- 979548
TI  - A colorimetric method for the determination of soil saccharide content and its
      application in forensic science.

PMID- 979549
TI  - Blood grouping from teeth by the absorption-elution technique and its role in
      establishing identity.

PMID- 979550
TI  - Deaths from explosive devices.

PMID- 979551
TI  - Underground explosions in coal mines.

PMID- 979552
TI  - A psychiatric study of men serving a sentence in Winchester prison.

PMID- 979553
TI  - Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse between 1969 and
      1974.

PMID- 979554
TI  - Medical procedures and two offences against the person.

PMID- 979555
TI  - Shoplifting, depression and an unusual intracranial lesion (a case report).

PMID- 979556
TI  - A review of the literature as to the present possibilities and limitations in
      estimating the time of death.

PMID- 979557
TI  - Traumatic rupture of spleen following a trivial injury (a case report).

PMID- 979558
TI  - Sports injuries of the knee ligaments: their diagnosis, treatment,
      rehabilitation, and prevention.

PMID- 979559
TI  - Effects of exercise on coronary collateralization--angiographic studies of six
      patients in a supervised exercise program.
AB  - The existence of coronary collaterals in man and a positive correlation of their
      extent with the degree of coronary artery obstruction has been shown. The theory
      that functional collateralization associated with coronary occlusive disease is a
      response to local hypoxia is widely advocated. It was theorized here that
      coronary heart disease patients might enhance coronary collateralization through
      exercise-induced myocardial hypoxia. This pilot study was carried out to test the
      specificity of coronary arteriography for measuring changes in collateralization
      after a period of exercise training. Reports of follow-up examinations 7 years
      after program termination are also included. Six volunteer, male subjects--3
      months to 3 years post-myocardial infarction--completed 10-12 months of medically
      supervised exercise. All had an intensive cardiovascular work-up, serial
      treadmill exercise tests and coronary arteriography before and after training.
      All demonstrated the expected physical, physiological, metabolic, and
      psychological benefits. Two showed some definite, increased collateralization,
      however, in both of these the changes may have been a response to some extension
      of the occlusive disease and not exclusively an exercise effect. It was evident
      that minute changes in coronary collaterals are detectable by selective coronary
      arteriography, but that the specific effect of exercise on the development of
      collaterals could only be determined by a large-scale, controlled program with
      randomization of the multiple, uncontrollable variables among exercise and non
      exercise populations.

PMID- 979560
TI  - Effect of training on plasma catecholamines in post myocardial infarction
      patients.
AB  - Exercise induced plasma catecholamine levels, of post myocardial infarct
      patients, were compared before and after a 27 week training program in two
      groups. Heavy Intensity Exercise (H.I.E.) and Light Intensity Exercise (L.I.E.).
      The men (age 38-54 years) were exercised on a bicycle ergometer at constant
      submaximal work loads (test load) and to a symptom limited maximum work load,
      both before and after the training program. Forearm venous samples were obtained
      after 30 minutes rest and within 3 minutes of completion of the test load. After
      training a significant increase in both maximum work load and heart rate (P less
      than 0.05) was observed in the H.I.E. group. At the test load these individuals
      had a small (6%) decrease in heart rate. No significant changes were observed in
      the L.I.E. group at submaximum or maximum exercise. Prior to training, exercise
      resulted in a significant increase in norepinephrine (NE) with no change in
      epinephrine (E). Training resulted in a significant reduction (P less than 0.05)
      in the NE response at the test load of the H.I.E. group while no change was found
      in the L.I.E. group. Endurance jogging reduced the sympathetic response to
      moderate exercise.

PMID- 979561
TI  - Physiological effects of a sports rehabilitation program on cerebral palsied and
      post-poliomyelitic adolescents.
AB  - Thirty-four spastic cerebral palsied (CP) post-poliomyelitic (P) adolescents
      (mean age--17.9 years) participated in a twice-a-week mild conditioning program,
      lasting 12 months. Nine CP adolescents served as a control inactive group. The
      post-conditioning submaximal heart rates of the CP active group were
      significantly lower during 75 and 150 kpm/min work loads on an arm ergometer,
      compared with the respective values at the beginning of the program. Peak O2
      uptake values, directly measured during an all-out arm pedalling test, were
      improved by some 8% in the CP active group. Neither CP inactive nor P active
      showed any significant changes attributable to conditioning in physiological
      variables obtained during the submaximal or maximal tests. Adiposity level of
      each of the three groups remained unchanged. The mechanical efficiency of all
      subjects was low (16.2%) and remained so following conditioning.

PMID- 979562
TI  - Specificity of training for motor skill under physical fatigue.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to test the specificity of training
      principle from exercise physiology in the context of motor skill acquisition.
      Thirty-six college females were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a
      control group and both groups received 54 practice trials on a ladder climb task
      over four consecutive days (3,18,18 and 15 trials/day, respectively). The control
      group practiced under conditions of heavy interpolated fatigue on the first 3
      days with day 3 representing the heavy-fatigue criterion conditions, while the
      experimental group did the same except for day 2 when a vowel-cancelling task was
      substituted for the fatigue task. On day 4 both groups practiced under the second
      criterion of non-fatigue conditions. Fatigue was induced by a step-up task so
      that a minimum HR of 180 beats/min was attained prior to each ladder trial. The
      results supported the specificity hypothesis that practicing a gross motor task
      under conditions of heavy-fatigue would facilitate performance of that task under
      criterion heavy-fatigue conditions. For the second criterion of non-fatigue
      practice, the data appeared to support the specificity principle but the rigorous
      test of the differences did not reach statistical significance. The overall
      evidence supports the position that regards heavy physical fatigue as a variable
      that can cause changes in the nature of certain motor skills so that the
      specificity of training principle becomes applicable.

PMID- 979563
TI  - The aerobic demands of rowing in two Olympic rowers.
AB  - The relationship between rowing speed and Vo2 was determined on two Olympic
      oarsmen while rowing the single, double and coxless pair shells. The speeds
      covered ranged from 120 to approximately 300 meters/min and resulted in oxygen
      demands from 1.2 to 6.45 1 O2/min. First order regression equations described the
      speed/Vo2 relationship for each shell. Rowing at racing speed in either shell
      required an aerobic expenditure of 5.8-6.0 1 O2/min.

PMID- 979564
TI  - Summary of 58 cases of loss of consciousness during underwater swimming and
      diving.
AB  - It is well accepted that hyperventilation before breath hold swimming and diving
      makes it possible for a person to extend the time under water. Less well known is
      the fact that this maneuver can cause loss of consciousness due to hypoxia. This
      accident happens almost exclusively to males (56 cases). The most common age
      group was 16-20 years (range 12-33 years). All were known to be good swimmers or
      divers. Approximately 80% of the cases occurred in guarded pools. Thirty-five
      subjects survived the accident and of the twenty-three fatalities, there was only
      one good autopsy report. In this instance the findings were those associated with
      classical drowning preceded by hypoxia and hypercapnia. Breath holding
      experiments indicated that the times between loss of consciousness and death may
      be no longer than 2.5 minutes. The patterns associated with these cases suggest
      that those who are responsible for aquatic safety as supervisors or guards of
      pools could prevent most accidents by watching for young male swimmers who are
      practicing hyperventilation and underwater swimming in competition with
      themselves or with others.

PMID- 979565
TI  - Comparison of self-selected recovery methods on lactic acid removal rates.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare lactic acid removal rates during three
      modes of recovery from a standardized exercise bout. Each subject (N = 6)
      completed a 1 mile run (92.2 +/- 3.7% Vo2max). Thereafter, lactic acid removal
      rates were compared in the runners at each of three different modes of recovery:
      a) rest; b) a self-selected, continuous jogging pace (free-jogging); and c)
      completely uncontrolled recovery (free-intermittent) normally practiced by
      athletes. Venous blood samples were taken immediately after the mile run and
      every 5 min thereafter for 20 min. Data were expressed relative to the initial
      post-exercise blood sample (100%). Lactic acid removal was significantly faster
      during the free-jogging recovery than during the free-intermittent and the
      resting recoveries (P less than 0.001). Removal rates during the free
      intermittent recovery were significantly faster than during the resting recovery
      (P less than 0.001). The results indicated that nearly optimal lactic acid
      removal rates were attained during the free-jogging recovery.

PMID- 979566
TI  - The validity of four bicycle ergometer tests.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the validity of four physical work and
      performance tests on bicycle ergometers commonly used in Sweden. The following
      four tests were compared: a) a work test of submaximal character designed for
      estimation of the maximal oxygen uptake of the individual (Vo2 max); b) a work
      test of maximal character designed for estimation of the highest work load an
      individual can sustain for 6 minutes (Wmax6min); c) the Cycling Strength and
      Endurance Test (CSET)-a performance test of maximal character consisting of a
      series of intermittently determined terminal thresholds; and d) a flexible work
      test of maximal character, the Individually Adapted Work Test (the IA-test): by a
      feedback mechanism the highest work load an individual can be expected to sustain
      for 4 minutes is determined. Criteria were cross-country runs (altogether 4)
      arranged a short time before and after the tests on the bicycle ergometer.
      Subjects were military conscripts, aged 17-25. When comparisons were made between
      the best prediction variable of each test, no significant differences were
      obtained. The size of the validity coefficients was .55-.70. However, the maximal
      work tests showed the highest validity coefficients. The investigation indicates
      that, when a work test is to be chosen, the problem, the practical conditions and
      the resources available should guide this choice.

PMID- 979567
TI  - Effects of dianabol and high-intensity sprint training on body composition of
      rats.
AB  - The effects on body composition and organ weights of anabolic steroid
      administration and of high-intensity sprint running, separately and in
      combination, were studied in young adult male rats. Dianabol (methandrostenolone)
      1 mg/day for 8 weeks had no significant effects on muscle weight or lean body
      mass in either the trained or the sedentary animals. The program of sprint
      training resulted in a lower body weight, a lesser percentage of body fat
      (Runners, 8.5%, vs. sedentary, 13.5% P less than 0.01) and a greater relative
      lean body mass (runners, 91.5% vs. sedentry, 86.5%, P less than 0.01). We
      conclude from these results that (a) normal androgen levels in young, healthy
      male animals are sufficiently high so that the addition of a large dose of
      anabolic steroid does not result in stimulation of additional muscle growth, and
      (b) the changes in body composition induced by high-intensity, short-duration
      sprint training are qualitatively similar to those seen with endurance exercise
      training.

PMID- 979568
TI  - Factor analysis and multivariate scaling of anthropometric variables for the
      assessment of body composition.
AB  - This study was designed to identify the body composition factors measured by
      skinfold fat (S), girth (G), and diameter (D) variables and to provide
      multivariate scaling models that measure fat (F) and lean body weight (LBW)
      factors. A total of 7S, 11G, and 7D measurements were determined on 83 young
      women (YW) and 95 young men (YM). Body density (BD) was determined by the
      hydrostatic technique. All variables were factor analyzed, and F and LBW were
      used to validate isolated factors. The YM data showed one F factor and two LBW
      factors. LBW factor I measured muscle mass and bone structure; LBW factor II,
      bone D. The YW data isolated four factors: the same three of YM plus a second F
      factor specific to the pelvic girdle. Factor score models were used to develop
      scaling strategies to measure F and LBW factors. Full models of all 27 variables
      and restricted models of 14 S, G, and D variables were developed; the
      correlations between factor scores scaled from the full and restricted models
      ranged from 0.84 to 0.98. The multiple correlation between factor scores
      calculated from the restricted models and laboratory-determined F and LBW ranged
      from 0.90 to 0.94 for YM and from 0.88 to 0.89 for YW. The multivariate scaling
      models provide a valid field method of measuring body composition.

PMID- 979569
TI  - Asymmetry in bicycle ergometer pedalling.
AB  - The effects of changes in speed and resistance setting on the bilateral symmetry
      of work output on the bicycle ergometer were studied. The cranks of a Monarch
      bicycle ergometer were instrumented with foil strain gauges and the bridge
      outputs were integrated on-line and analyzed by a program running in a Hewlett
      Packard 2115A computer. Twenty male subjects performed three thirty-second trials
      at each of nine speed and resistance combinations. Indices of asymmetry from 66
      178 were found using kicking dominance (n = 20) and 56-135 using a strength
      dominance classification (n = 13). Day to day reliability of the index of
      asymmetry was found to be only 0.47; within day reliability was 0.87 for day one
      and 0.79 for day two. No significant effects for speed or resistance changes were
      shown on either day for the strength dominant subjects. When kicking dominance
      was considered main effects were encountered on both days for speed although
      there was no clear directional trend. The findings of these experiments have
      important implications for studies where measurements are made on the lower
      extremity during cycle ergometer exercise, and for competitive cyclists engaged
      in endurance competition.

PMID- 979570
TI  - Diagnosis of a complex cardiac syndrome.

PMID- 979571
TI  - Who says we're not communicating?

PMID- 979572
TI  - Two minutes with diabetes.

PMID- 979573
TI  - You can get patients to change their habits.

PMID- 979574
TI  - Malpractice decisions you should know about. Is a husband's consent necessary for
      abortion?

PMID- 979575
TI  - A guide to skin testing for penicillin allergy.

PMID- 979576
TI  - Dx and treatment of abnormal bleeding due to disorders of hemostasis.

PMID- 979577
TI  - Latest PHS recommendations on swine flu vaccination.

PMID- 979578
TI  - Recommended treatment schedules for syphilis.

PMID- 979579
TI  - What's causing the dizziness?

PMID- 979580
TI  - Some thoughts on fatigue in older patients.

PMID- 979581
TI  - Cancer of the breast.

PMID- 979582
TI  - Detecting occult breast cancer with xeromammography.

PMID- 979583
TI  - Tort of outrage in medical malpractice.

PMID- 979584
TI  - Strict liability in tort for hypersensitive prescription drug reactions.

PMID- 979585
TI  - Significance of electronystagmography in medical-legal practice.

PMID- 979586
TI  - Medical testimony--mental health proceeding--direct and cross-examination of a
      defendant's clinical psychologist--part I.

PMID- 979587
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay, its value in the clinical use. Introduction].

PMID- 979588
TI  - [Methodical basis and practical performance of radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 979589
TI  - [Radioimmunologic determination of STH, insulin, and C-peptide. Indication,
      functional tests, interpretation of the findings].

PMID- 979590
TI  - [Radioimmunologic determination of gastrin, calcitonin, and parathormone. Methods
      and clinical use].

PMID- 979591
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of testosterone: possibilities and limitations of use].

PMID- 979592
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay, its value in clinical use: LH, FSH, progesterone, estrone,
      estradiol, estriol].

PMID- 979593
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus, hemostatic function, and diabetic angiopathy].

PMID- 979594
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the vena cava inferior].

PMID- 979595
TI  - [Evaluation of damage to the nervous system following anesthesia. Discussion and
      comments].

PMID- 979596
TI  - [Diagnosis of urinary tract infection in ambulatory care].

PMID- 979598
TI  - [Renal anemia].

PMID- 979597
TI  - [Incidence of bacteriuria in hormonal contraception].

PMID- 979599
TI  - [Angiographic-densitometric possibilities in the determination of renal
      hemodynamics].

PMID- 979600
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of alpha-amylase determination in the serum and urine in
      acute and chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 979601
TI  - [Working disability and invalidity of epileptic patients].

PMID- 979602
TI  - [Standardization of orthostatic stress. Changes in the blocked volume, arterial
      influx, and heart rate, under various orthostatic stress].

PMID- 979603
TI  - [Standardization of orthostatic stress. Comparison of orthostatic stress under
      laboratory and routine conditions].

PMID- 979604
TI  - [New perspectives in forensic psychiatry].

PMID- 979605
TI  - [Therapy of dizziness].

PMID- 979606
TI  - [Wound healing within the area of ulcerated malignant lymphomas using cytostatic
      drugs].

PMID- 979607
TI  - [Triple-picture videotape recording of epileptic patients during film
      projections].

PMID- 979608
TI  - [Carcinoma lobulare in situ of the breast. Clinical, morphological, and
      cytophotometric aspects].

PMID- 979609
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of pulmonary complications in obstetrics].

PMID- 979610
TI  - [Supplementary gestagen therapy of cancer following radical surgery].

PMID- 979611
TI  - [Discussion: surgical therapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 979612
TI  - [Noxious substances in food. Effect on organs and hazards].

PMID- 979613
TI  - [Information and instruction of incurable patients].

PMID- 979614
TI  - [Psychosocial behavior of incurable cancer patients].

PMID- 979615
TI  - [Spontaneous pyopneumopericardium as complication of a gastric carcinoma].

PMID- 979616
TI  - [Infantile hemangiomatosis of liver].

PMID- 979617
TI  - [Examination of the heart with ultrasound. Method, indication, and example].

PMID- 979618
TI  - [Early fixation of femoral diaphysis fractures in multiple injuries in
      childhood].

PMID- 979619
TI  - [Bicycle ergometer--Master's stairs].

PMID- 979620
TI  - Provisional patient movement and administrative data state and county psychiatric
      inpatient services, July 1, 1974 - June 30, 1975.

PMID- 979621
TI  - A longitudinal assessment of clinical services to the mentally retarded.

PMID- 979622
TI  - Institutions: disjunctive or adjunctive.

PMID- 979623
TI  - Some effects of an accreditation survey on program completion at a state
      institution.

PMID- 979624
TI  - Mental retardation services: social traps and social fences.

PMID- 979625
TI  - A comparison of self-and external reinforcement with the trainable mentally
      retarded.

PMID- 979626
TI  - Teacher certification trends.

PMID- 979627
TI  - An apology for systematic observation.

PMID- 979628
TI  - Data bases and the privacy rights of the mentally retarded: report of the AAMD
      task force on data base confidentiality.

PMID- 979629
TI  - Alternatives to the principle of normalization.

PMID- 979630
TI  - Legal enactment for the retarded in Israel.

PMID- 979631
TI  - Unraveling the effects of program inconsistency: a reply to Gilbert.

PMID- 979632
TI  - Studies with glucagon analogs.

PMID- 979633
TI  - Species variations in the primary structure of glucagon.

PMID- 979634
TI  - Regulation of hepatic adenylate cyclase by glucagon, GTP, divalent cations, and
      adenosine.

PMID- 979635
TI  - Possible role of pyruvate kinase in the hormonal control of dihydroxyacetone
      gluconeogenesis in isolated heptatocytes.

PMID- 979636
TI  - Mechanisms of hormonal control of gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 979637
TI  - An important role for glucagon in the regulation of glucose production in vivo.

PMID- 979638
TI  - Evanescent effects of hypo- and hyperglucagonemia on blood glucose homeostasis.
AB  - Hypoglucagonemia (induced by somatostatin) and hyperglucagonemia (induced by
      infusion of physiologic amounts of glucagon) have only evanescent effects on
      blood glucose regulation. Despite on-going glucagon suppression by somatostatin,
      fasting hyperglycemia develops within 4-6 hr of insulin suppression, indicating
      that (1) basal glucagon secretion is not essential for the development of the
      diabetic state; and (2) insulin-deficiency (rather than altered glucagon
      secretion) is the dominant long-term factor determining glucose homeostasis in
      the diabetic. With respect to hyperglucagonemia, only a transient increase in
      splanchnic glucose output is observed in normal and diabetic subjects in response
      to physiologic increments in this hormone. The exaggerated hyperglycemic effect
      of glucagon observed in diabetics1 is thus a consequence of the failure to
      metabolize the glucose traniently released into the systemic circulation in
      response to the glucagon rather than a result of persistent stimulation of
      hepatic glucose production. These observations thus further underscore the
      essentiality of insulin deficiency in the diabetogenic action of glucagon.

PMID- 979639
TI  - Role of glucagon in perinatal glucose homeostasis.

PMID- 979640
TI  - Glucagon and ketogenesis.

PMID- 979641
TI  - Heterogeneity of plasma immunoreactive glucagon.

PMID- 979642
TI  - Characteristics of tissue IRGs in the dog.

PMID- 979643
TI  - Salivary gland glucagon in man and animals.

PMID- 979644
TI  - Dominant inheritance of large molecular weight species of glucagon.
AB  - Excessive plasma levels of high molecular weight (MW) components of
      immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) have been found in three generations of a family in
      a pattern consistent with an autosomal dominant trait. Preliminary studies using
      gel filtration suggest the presence of two MW species of IRG greater than 3500
      daltons in plasma of affected members who have normal oral glucose tolerance
      tests. The "hyperglucagonemia" in this pedigree is consonant with either a
      structural defect in biosynthetic precursors or an abnormality in enzyme-mediated
      cleavage of proglucagon.

PMID- 979645
TI  - Insulin, glucagon, liver regeneration, and DNA synthesis.

PMID- 979646
TI  - Insulin and glucagon as modifiers of DNA synthesis in the regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 979647
TI  - Glucagon and gastrin release by the isolated perfused dog stomach in response to
      arginine.

PMID- 979648
TI  - Neurotensin and substance-P: effects on plasma insulin and glucagon levels.

PMID- 979649
TI  - Effects of substance-P [PROCEEDINGS].

PMID- 979650
TI  - Extrapancreatic glucagon in the dog.

PMID- 979651
TI  - Gastric glucagon secretion.

PMID- 979652
TI  - Plasma glucagon in diabetes resulting from total pancreatectomy [proceedings].

PMID- 979653
TI  - Immunoreactive glucagon responses to arginine in three pancreatectomized humans.

PMID- 979654
TI  - Elevated gut glucagon-like immunoreactive material in human and experimental
      diabetes and its suppression by somatostatin.

PMID- 979655
TI  - Anatomic and phylogenetic distribution of somatostatin.

PMID- 979656
TI  - Somatostatin analogs with selected biologic activities.

PMID- 979657
TI  - Somatostatin and diabetes: suppression of glucose absorption rather than
      stimulation of glucose disposal.

PMID- 979658
TI  - The effects of glucagon administration to nondiabetics and diabetics.

PMID- 979659
TI  - The effects of acute and chronic insulin administration on plasma IRG levels in
      human diabetes.

PMID- 979660
TI  - The formation of sporangiospores in Phycomyces.
AB  - The multinucleate state of the vegetative spores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus
      arises as a consequence of cleavage of cytoplasm containing a variable number (1
      6) of pre-existing nuclei. No nuclear division or incorporation of 3H-thymidine
      was detected during maturation of the spores.

PMID- 979661
TI  - Studies on transformation in Naegleria gruberi: effects of ions and bacterial
      suspensions.
AB  - The presence of electolytes inhibited the transformation of Naegleria gruberi
      from amoeba to flagellate, the molarity required varying with the salt used,
      namely 80 mM NaCl, 90 mM KCl, 50 mM CaCl2 or 60 mM MgCl2. Non-electrolytes also
      prevented this transformation at 250 mM for either sucrose or glucose, and this
      is known to be an osmotic effect. That the effect of ionic solutions was
      different was demonstrated by varying the time at which the environemnt was
      changed from distilled water to salt solution. Experiments with suspensions of
      either living or heat-killed bacteria in distilled water, together with the
      supernatants obtained when bacteria were removed by centrifugation, showed that
      the inhibition of transformation which occurred in bacterial suspensions was not
      due to any factors produced by the bacteria and present in solution. It appeared
      that this inhibition was brought about by the physical presence of the bacteria,
      either living or heat-killed, and some possible interpretations of this 'contact'
      phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 979662
TI  - Development and fine structure of sclerotia and spores of the actinomycete
      Chainia olivacea.
AB  - Sclerotia and spores of Chainia olivacea were studied by transmission and
      scanning electron microscopy. Sclerotia formed by repeated branching of several
      hyphea. Branch tips were delimited by septa and increased in size, becoming
      filled with lipid-like inclusions. In mautre sclerotia, empty cells and intra
      hyphal growth were observed. An electron-dense fibrillar material was deposited
      between hyphae and on the sclerotium surface. The similarities between these and
      the sclerotia of certain fungi are discussed. Spores were formed in a manner
      similar to that in Streptomyces species. Large inter-sporal pads were formed
      during ingrowth of the septa delimiting the spores.

PMID- 979663
TI  - A theory of interstitial fluid motion and its implications for capillary
      exchange.

PMID- 979664
TI  - Mathematical model of the initial lymphatics.

PMID- 979665
TI  - Initial events in the vascularization of day-old mouse testes implanted into the
      inguinal mammary gland fat pad: a light microscopic and autoradiographic study.

PMID- 979666
TI  - Effects of perfusate viscosity on the perfused rat kidney.

PMID- 979667
TI  - The identification of pulmonary capillary permeability from multiple-indicator
      data. Effects of increased capillary pressure and alloxan treatment in the dog.

PMID- 979668
TI  - Pulmonary vascular transport in sheep. A mathematical model.

PMID- 979669
TI  - Fluorescein-labelled dextran measurement in interstitial fluid in studies of
      macromolecular permeability.

PMID- 979670
TI  - Temperature control of a plethysmograph used to measure minute changes in tissue
      volume.

PMID- 979671
TI  - Red blood cells and initial haemostatic plug formation.

PMID- 979672
TI  - Early detection of hypertension proved valuable in UP.

PMID- 979673
TI  - New bill to treat inebriates could change emergency services.

PMID- 979674
TI  - Michigan physicians and the Blues - a chronological report of the latest face
      off.

PMID- 979675
TI  - [Growth of purple sulfur bacteria in the dark in anaerobic conditions].
AB  - Phototrophic sulphur bacteria Chromatium minutissimum 1 C, Ectothiorhodospira
      shaposhnikovii 1, and various strains of Thiocapsa roseopersicina grow in the
      dark under anaerobic conditions (hydrogen or argon) on organic media in the
      presence of sulphide, thiosulphate or molecular sulphur. Ect. shaposhnikovii
      grows also in the presence of sulphite, cysteine, methionine, glutathione, and,
      to a less degree, sulphates. Cultures of Ect. shaposhnikovii growing in the dark
      under anaerobic conditions assimilate fructose and liberate pyruvate, lactate,
      formiate and traces of acetate into the medium. These cultures can grow in the
      dark under anaerobic conditions assimilating not only fructose but also various
      C4-dicarboxylic acids, lactate, pyruvate, butyrate, and acetate. Thiocapsa grows
      on media containing malate, succinate, lactate, pyruvate, and acetate. Thiocapsa
      reseopersicina SL assimilates in the dark under anaerobic conditions fructose,
      glucose, glycerol, pyruvate, lactate, and acetate.

PMID- 979676
TI  - [Sulfite oxidation by Thiocapsa roseopersicina].
AB  - Extracts of the cells of Thiocapsa roseopersicina, strains BBS and SL, grown in
      the light in anaerobic conditions and in the dark in aerobic conditions oxidize
      sulphite in the presence of cytochrome c and AMP or in the absence of AMP. The
      rate of the oxidation, especially AMP-dependent, is higher in the cells
      cultivated in the dark on a mineral medium. The oxidation of sulphite, both in
      the absence and presence of AMP, is related to the membrane fraction and is
      inhibited by p-CMB while azide and atebrine inhibit mainly AMP-independent
      sulphite oxidation. Two enzymes are presumed to be involved in sulphite oxidation
      by Thiocapsa roseopersicina: APS-reductase and sulphite: cytochrome c
      oxidoreductase.

PMID- 979677
TI  - [Chemistry of denitrification in sporogenous soil bacteria].
AB  - Soil sporeforming denitrifying bacteria, Bacillus filaris and Bacillus polymyxa,
      differ by their cultural-morphological and physiological characteristics, but are
      similar in the chemistry of dissimilating nitrate reduction. Two processes occur
      simultaneously: denitrification yielding gaseous nitrogen forms, and nitrate
      respiration upon which nitrates are reduced to ammonia. The ratio between the two
      depends on physico-chemical conditions of the environment. The chemistry of
      dissimilating nitrate reduction by sporeforming bacteria differs therefore from
      nitrate transformation by other denitrifying microorganisms: Pseudomonas,
      Micrococcus, Rhizobium, Achromobacter, which, according to the published
      evidence, are capable only of denitrification.

PMID- 979678
TI  - [Optimization of the nutrient medium for Actinomyces spheroides--producer of
      proteolytic enzymes with fibrinolytic activity].
AB  - Optimization of the medium for growing Actinomyces spheroides producing
      proteolytic exoenzymes with the fibrinolytic activity was performed by the method
      of mathematical planning. The composition of the medium is as follows (%):
      glucose 7.1, sodium citrate, trisubstituted, 0.48; (NH4)2SO4, 0.15; MgSO4, 0.575;
      KH2PO4, 0.2; ZnSO4, 0.001; FeSO4, 0.002. The fibrinolytic activity of the
      cultural broth on this medium is three times as high as on the initial medium
      (7142 units). Changes in the ratio between components of the medium lead to
      changes in the ratio between the fibrinolytic and caseinolytic activities.
      Therefore, Act. spheroides, strain 1, produces exoenzymes which differ by their
      substrate specificity. The ratio between the fibrinolytic and caseinolytic
      activities of the complex on the optimized medium is twice as high as on the
      initial medium.

PMID- 979679
TI  - [Effect of nitrogen source on growth of Arthrobacter simplex and its biosynthesis
      of cholinesterase].
AB  - The effect of organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen on biomass accumulation and
      cholinesterase synthesis was studied with Arthrobacter simplex var.
      cholinesterasus. The culture assimilates nitrogen of ammonium compounds better
      than other forms of inorganic nitrogen; the best nitrogen source for biosynthesis
      of cholinesterase is ammonium phosphate. Nitrogen of nitrates is not assimilated.
      The amount of biomass is almost twice as high on the medium with peptone, casein
      or casein hydrolysate as on the medium with mineral nitrogen, while the activity
      of cholinesterase on these nitrogen sources decreases 1.5--2.0 times. Yeast
      extract as a nitrogen source increases biomass accumulation by a factor of 2.5
      and does not supress synthesis of cholinesterase. The concentration of the enzyme
      synthesized per unit biomass on the medium with yeast extract is the same as on
      the medium containing ammonium phosphate. The effect of amino acids and amides,
      i.e. beta-alanine, proline, amides of aspartic and glutamic acids, and their
      mixtures, is similar to the action of yeast extract: they stimulate biomass
      accumulation and do not inhibit synthesis of the enzyme. Other amino acids
      supress synthesis of cholinesterase. The amount of accumulated biomass in the
      presence of glutamic acid is twice as high as in the case of any other amino
      acid, and three times as high as on the medium containing ammonium phosphate.
      Similar action of glutamic acid is manifested when it is used in mixtures with
      other amino acids. On the medium containing glutamic acid as a sole source of
      nitrogen, an increase in biomass production is accompanied with a decrease in
      biosynthesis of the enzyme by 50%. Repression of the biosynthesis is less if
      glutamic acid is added in mixtures with proline, beta-alanine and asparagine.

PMID- 979680
TI  - [Production of chitinase by Actinomyces kurssanovii and its properties].
AB  - Actinomyces kurssanovii, a culture producing large amounts of chitinase and
      chitobiase, was cultivated on a medium of the following composition (%):
      demineralized crab shells, 3.0; K2HPO4, 0.5; peptone, 0.2; yeast extract, 0.1;
      MgSO4-H2O, 0.09. The maximum amount of the enzymes was synthesized after growth
      in a fermenter of the actinomycete during 48 hours. The highest activity of
      chitinase is manifested at pH 7.0 and depends on ionic composition of the buffer,
      being higher in veronal buffer than in phosphate or tris//HC1 buffers. The
      chitinase and chitobiase of the strain decompose completely colloid chitin and
      chitin in demineralized crab shells with the formation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

PMID- 979681
TI  - [Synthesis of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme system in oligonitrophilic bacteria].
AB  - Oligonitrophilic bacteria were cultivated on a medium containing only 2.5--10.0
      mg/litre of nitrogen compounds. They assimilated elementary nitrogen only after
      utilization of these nitrogen compounds during growth and formation of nitrogen
      fixing enzyme system. Their cells grown on a medium containing high
      concentrations of bound nitrogen did not fix nitrogen during further incubation
      in the atmosphere of 15N; therefore, the enzymes involved in nitrogen fixation
      were induced. These organisms are characterized by diauxia during their growth on
      media containing "start" doses of nitrogen. Enzymes catalysing nitrogen fixation
      in azotobacter are also induced. But, contrary to oligonitrophilic bacteria, the
      azotobacter does not require nitrogen compounds in the medium in order to adapt
      to molecular nitrogen, and its growth curve is not of a biphasal character. These
      data and the evidence of other authors suggest that all nitrogen-fixing
      microorganisms are characterized by the induced, not constitutive, enzymes
      involved in reduction of molecular nitrogen.

PMID- 979682
TI  - [Effect of temperature on the synthesis of protein and individual amino acids by
      the thermotolerant yeast Candida tropicalis on media with hydrocarbons].
AB  - Synthesis of protein and amino acids by the thermotolerant yeast Candida
      tropicalis K-41 was studied at various temperatures of cultivation during growth
      on media with hydrocarbons in conditions of continuous cultivation. The content
      of protein in the cells decreased by 6% with an increase in growth temperature by
      10 degrees C (from 29 to 39 degrees C) while excretion of free amino acids into
      the medium increased. The cultural broth of the cells grown at 39 degrees C
      contained up to 8 amino acids, with alanine, aspartic acid, serine and glycine
      prevailing. The content of amino acids which liberated into the medium decreased
      in the intracellular pool. However, the total amount of free amino acids in the
      system "cell--medium" remained constant at various temperatures of cultivation.
      Synthesis of free amino acids does not presumably limit total synthesis of
      protein by the yeast.

PMID- 979683
TI  - [Effect of the physiological properties of yeast strains on their formation of
      higher alcohols and aldehydes and on the composition of nitrogen compounds in the
      fermented wort].
AB  - Dynamics of formation of by-products was studied with the following yeast races:
      Sacch. cerevisiae, strain Odesskaya-14 (baker's yeast); Sacch. vini, strain
      Prikumskaya 80/9 (wine yeast). The yeast cultures were found to be very similar
      by the rate of biomass accumulation, ethanol production, and the fractional
      composition of nitrogen compounds. The concentration of accumulated higher
      alcohols depended on the mass of yeast cells, their growth rate, and the duration
      of cultivation.

PMID- 979684
TI  - [New brown chlorobacteria Prosthecochloris phaeoasteroidea nov. sp].
AB  - Two strains of new photosynthetic bacteria were isolated from salt meromictic
      lakes Mogilnoye and Faro. The bacteria are abligate phototrophic anaerobic
      cultures which utilize H2S as an electron donor by oxidizing it to elementary
      sulphur and sulphates. Sulphur is liberated outside the cell. The cultures
      contain bacteriochlorophyll e and carotenoids of the isorenierathene type.
      Photosynthetic structures are represented by chlorobium-vesicles. According to
      these properties, the cultures belong to the Chlorobiaceae family. The bacteria
      have no gas vacuoles. The cells form 10--20 apophyses-prosthecae which is typical
      of the Prostheocochloris genus. The new strains differ from Prosthecochloris
      aestuarii by the brown colour of the cell suspension, the composition of
      pigments, and ecology. They are classed as a new species Prostheocochloris
      phaeoasteroidea nov. sp. Diagnosis of the new species is presented.

PMID- 979685
TI  - [Age changes in cells in Streptococcus diacetilactis cultures].
AB  - The activity of metabolism changed in the cultures of Streptococcus
      diacetilactis, strain Bogdan, with aging. The number of viable cells decreased as
      well as the ability to evolve oxygen, to produce C-4 compounds, and to react to
      pH changes by liberating acids upon alkalifying or neutral products upon
      acidifying. After the culture had been grown during 72 hours, 2,3-butyleneglycol
      was found in the cultural broth, and the number of viable cells was low. As was
      revealed by electron microscopy, the cells were intact during 48 hours; they
      started to disintegrate by 72 hours. After 120 hours all cells were
      disintegrated. First, the cells produced no more mesosomes, became less electron
      dense; then the cell wall was decomposed and the contents of the cell poured
      through disruptions in the cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 979686
TI  - [Cell wall of pigmentless variants of Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - Physico-chemical properties and chemical composition of the cell wall of
      pigmentless variants B-3 and B-6 differ from those of the parent strain of
      Staphylococcus aureus 209-P. As to morphology, the wall is more thick and loose.
      The mutants differ also by the phagotype, the ability for sorption of acridine
      orange, and the rate of sedimentation of cell suspensions. The properties of
      teichoic acids and the content of peptides in peptidoglycan change in the cell
      wall of the mutants.

PMID- 979687
TI  - [Comparative physiology of the replication of RNA-containing bacteriophages MS2
      and Q beta].
AB  - The yield of the phage QB is always less than the yield of the phage MS2, the
      conditions of cultivation being similar. This is due to the fact that the yield
      of the phage QB from an infection centre is lower by a factor of 5--10 than the
      yield of the phage MS2. The yield of the phages may be increased by optimizing
      conditions of cultivation. The RNA-containg phages MS2 and QB were cultivated in
      the peptone-yeast growth medium in fermenters with the working volume of 30 and
      50 litres. The yields were 2--5-10(13) particles/ml and 1--4-10(12) particles/ml
      for the phages MS2 and QB, respectively. The specific infectiveness of purified
      phage preparations was 2--4-10(12) particles/OD260 (MS2) and 2--4-10(11)
      particles/OD260 (QB).

PMID- 979688
TI  - [Ultrastructure of bacteriophages specific for Bacillus thuringiensis var.
      galleriae].
AB  - Fine structure of the phage specific for Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae
      was studied. The head of the phage is of the elongated hexagonal shape, 600 X 360
      A. The tail is 400 X 40 A large and has a thickening in the basal part (70 X 120
      A). A so-called "collar" structure is found at the site where the head joins the
      tail. This a disc-shaped plate with a diameter of 120 A and a hole in the centre;
      12 fillaments are attached to it radially and terminated with tines. It is
      possible that the structure is necessary for adsorption of the phage on the cell.

PMID- 979689
TI  - [Biological properties of Streptococcus bovis bacteriophages isolated from
      lysogenic cultures and sheep rumen].
AB  - Biological characteristics of eleven phages for Streptococcus bovis were
      investigated; seven phage were isolated from ovine rumen and four were virulent
      mutants of temperate phages of lysogenic cultures. The phages had many properties
      in common: similar morphology of negative colonies, the identical spectrum of
      lytic action, related antigens, absolute or high requirement of calcium ions,
      thermolability, and inactivation by the content of the rumen. Their
      susceptibility to the inactivating action of acetic acid, urea and temperature
      was however different. Chloroform and phenol may be used during purification and
      conservation of the phages.

PMID- 979690
TI  - [Lipid metabolism of yeasts in relation to their ecology].
AB  - Lipid metabolism of epiphyte and soil yeasts was found to be different depending
      on their ecology. The activity of lipase and lecithinase of epiphyte cultures is
      higher than that of soil cultures. The highest concentration of lipids was
      accumulated by soil yeasts, especially the Lipomyces genus. Lipids isolated from
      the yeast are hydrolysed by its lipase at a higher rate than olive oil, the
      common substrate for lipase. Lipid accumulation is detected during later stages
      of cultural growth when the activity of lipase decreases. No fatty acids with the
      number of carbon atoms below 14 and over 20 were found in cultures of the Candida
      genus. Fatty acids with a long chain (C22, C24, C26) are encountered more often
      in cultures belonging to the Rhodotorula genus cf. Lipomyces and Cryptococcus.

PMID- 979691
TI  - [Fermentation equipment of the USSR Academy of Sciences Institute of Microbiology
      for continuous cultivation of microorganisms].
AB  - A fermentation apparatus has been constructed in the Institute of Microbiology of
      the USSR Academy of Sciences. The apparatus permits to cultivate microorganisms
      both under periodic and continuous conditions with automatic regulation of pH,
      Eh, temperature, measurement of pO2, etc.

PMID- 979692
TI  - [Oxygen consumption by suspensions of Bacillus anthracoides spores].
AB  - The respiration rate of spore suspensions of Bacillus anthracoides 96 was assayed
      by mass spectrometry employing a hermetically sealed reaction vessel constructed
      for this purpose. The rate of respiration was found to depend on the method of
      preparing suspensions, the duration of their storage at +4 degrees C, the
      physiological state of spores, and the action of a disinfectant containing
      chlorine on them.

PMID- 979693
TI  - [Ratio of glycan to teichoic acid in Actinomyces thermovulgaris cell wall].
AB  - The molar ratio between glycan and teichoic acid was studied in the cell wall of
      Actinomyces thermovulgaris. A chain of teichoic acid consisting of 13
      glycerophosphate units was found to correspond to 6--7 disaccharide units of
      glycan. The cell wall contains 31% of the glycan of the glycopeptide and 25% of
      teichoic acid. The content of glycan was calculated using the concentration of
      muramic acid in the wall. The cell wall was found to contain 1.02% of O-acetyl
      groups.

PMID- 979694
TI  - [Spontaneous crystallization of antibiotic substance during submerged
      fermentation of Actinomyces hygroscopicus].
AB  - A rare case of spontaneous crystallization of the antibiotic substance was
      detected during submerged cultivation of Actinomyces hygroscopicus, strain 33x,
      under periodic conditions directly in the MTF 5L3 fermenter ("Marubishi"). Leaf
      shaped plates of the antibiotic found in the cultural broth of the strain 33x
      were active against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, yeasts, and
      fungi. The crystalline state of the structures was confirmed by the X-ray
      analysis. According to their UV spectrum (maximum at 233-234 nm in ethanol), the
      crystals belong to the group of nyphimycin A1-scopafungin, antibiotics produced
      by some cultures of Act. hygroscopicus.

PMID- 979695
TI  - [The treatment of giardiasis and trichomoniasis with resochin and metronidazole].
AB  - Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas intestinalis were isolated from the stools of
      male child of 7 with chronic diarrhea. After administration of Resochin and
      Metranidazole the diarrhea stopped immediately, the signs and symptoms ceased and
      the Parasites disappeared from the stools.

PMID- 979696
TI  - [Providencia isolated from the stools of patients with gastroenteritis].
AB  - 92 providencia strains were isolated from the stools of patients with
      gastroenteritis. All specimens were negative for other pathogenes such as
      salmonella, shigella, enteropathogenic E. coli and vibrios. Viral etiology was
      not investigated. The distribution according to years and months is shown in the
      table. 17 isolations made during August, seemed rather high and gave the
      impression of a small epidemic.

PMID- 979697
TI  - [Isolation and enumeration of bacteriophages against S. TYPHI, E. coli, and
      Shigella in the streams of Ankara].
AB  - Active bacteriophages were detected agains S. typhi Vi4, E. coli 36 and Shigella
      YGR in the streams of Ankara, during 27.3.1973 and 19.3.1974. 49 samples were
      collected from 3 chosen places. Bacteriophages in high concentrations were
      detected against S. typhi Vi4, E. coli 36 and Shigella Y6R even in 0.0001 ml
      amounts of these water samples. Besides bacteriophages, salmonella and shigella
      were detected as well. These studies showed that the streams in Ankara were
      highly contaminated with bacteria, and that the detergents and other chemicals
      used for cleaning in houses, which eventually mixed into the streams through
      sewage, did not have any bactericidal effect on bacteriophages or other pathogen
      organisms found in these streams.

PMID- 979698
TI  - [Australia antigen in voluntary blood donors].
AB  - 35.370 blood samples, collected from woluntary blood donors by the Blood
      Transfusion Services of the Turkish Red Crescent Society in one year, were tested
      by the systematic screening CEP Method for the "Au" antigen, according to the
      recommendations of WHO. The number and percentage of positive "Au" antigen cases
      are shown in Table 1. No significant difference could be detected when the
      relationship of "Au" antigen to months was considered. This can be seen in Table
      2.

PMID- 979699
TI  - [The fungal flora of Ankara air in January 1972 and 1974 and its relationship to
      allergic diseases].
AB  - The fungal flora of the air in Ankara was searched during first week of January
      1972 and 1974. Different areas of the city were chosen for investigation. The
      central and outskirt areas showed different patterns of fungal flora during
      January 1972 and January 1974. In the central areas there was a remarkable
      decrease in yeast flora between the two years. However, mould flora was increased
      in some extent. No notable difference could be detected in outskirt areas.
      Penicillium and Aspergillus species were isolated most frequently. It is
      concluded that this flora was influenced by heavy pollution of the air in Ankara.
      This pollution is caused mainly by: (1) Heating systems with crude coal and oil,
      (2) Heavy motor traffic, (3) Geographical situation of the city, cup-shaped land
      with poor air draughts.

PMID- 979700
TI  - [Dinitrochlorobenzene test in patients with chronic nephritis].
AB  - Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) test was applied to 22 patients with chronic
      nephritis. Only 22% of the patients gave positive results. This was concluded to
      be due to the high NPN levels. It was demonstrated that this inhibition is
      transitory and the normal responses appear 12 hours after the return of the NPN
      to normal levels. When it was considered that some patients with high NPN levels
      showed normal DNCB reactivity and delayed rejection time, the chronic nephritis
      patiens reacted to organ transplants despite their normal NPN levels. It was
      suggested that it is one of the components of NPN which should be responsible for
      the above mentioned inhibition.

PMID- 979701
TI  - [Salmonella essen serotype isolated from osteomyelitis of the right knee in a
      patient with sickle cell anemia].
AB  - E. essen serotype was isolated from the material collected from the right knee
      joint of a 11 years old white girl, sent to our hospital from Adana. The patient
      had sickle cell anemia plus osteomyelitis in the right knee. This is the first
      isolation of this serotype in Turkey.

PMID- 979702
TI  - [First isolation of Salmonella haifa in Turkey].
AB  - Authors report the first isolation of Salmonella haifa serotype in Ankara from
      the stool culture of a patient with acute gastroenteritis.

PMID- 979703
TI  - [Biological aspects of immunology].

PMID- 979704
TI  - [Brucellosis, tularemia and borreliosis isolated from wild animals captured in
      Ankara, Konya, Urfa and Nevsehir provinces in Turkey].
AB  - 621 citellus, 41 Mus musculus, 35 microtus, 442 meriones, 70 Rattus rattus, 56
      turtle, 89 hare, 1 hamster, 1 hedgehog and 1 sea snake, altogether 1379 wild
      animals were captured in Ankara, Konya, Urfa and Nevsehir. Neither Brucella or
      Francisella tularansis could be isolated nor borrelia could be seen. 1/40-1/80
      agglutination titers obtained in 3 out of 134 sera taken from citellus, in 3 out
      of 264 sera taken from guinea pigs which were inoculated with spleen, liver and
      kidney suspensions of wild animals. 1/40-1/80 agglutination titers obtained
      against brucella antigen in 3 out of 125 sera taken from citellus. No significant
      agglutination titers could be obtained in 35 sera taken from guinea pigs which
      were inoculated with the organ suspensions of wild animals. In blood samples of 2
      citellus few trypanosoma were detected.

PMID- 979705
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in agarose: a method for the detection of
      cellular immunity in humans].
AB  - Inhibition of leucocyte migration from a capillary tube is generally regarded as
      an in vitro corralate of cellular immunity in many species. However, significant
      difficulties have been encountered in the application of this test in human
      subjects. An alternative to this LMIT in agarose test, in which cells migrate
      between the agarose layer and the glass was proposed previously. In this study
      the said method was used in humans and applied to purified protein derivative
      (PPD), streptococcus group A antigen (STA) and phytohemaglutinin (PHA) (and to
      several other antigens, not mentioned in this report). A good correlation was
      obtained between skin sensitivity and antigen induced inhibition of peripheral
      leucocytes for PPD in 15 healthy subjects. Inhibition of cells were noted in 19
      out of 20 subjects when PHA was used. Similar findings were obtained by STA. This
      agarose method is technically simple and requires much fewer cells (11 x 10(6)
      cells per antigen) than the capillary method. It also requires very small
      quantities of antigen (5 microliter per 11 x 10(6) cells). Our findings suggest
      the suitability of LMIT in agarose gel method in the detection of cell mediated
      immunity in man.

PMID- 979706
TI  - [Differences in the levels of serum immunoglobulins in various cancer patients].
AB  - IgG and IgM were purified from human peripheral blood sera and IgA from human
      colostrum. A method is established to measure the Ig classes quantitatively which
      is a modification of Mancini's radialimmundiffusion technique. Three Ig clases
      were detected from 136 cancer patients and compared with 34 healthy controls. In
      sarcoma there was an increase in the 3 classes of Ig in serum. These differences
      were also significant in patients with bone tumors. A raised level of three
      classes of Ig  was seen.

PMID- 979708
TI  - [Animal and plant cancers produced by viruses and bacteria].
AB  - In this review the animal and plant cancers produced by viruses : (onkeorna,
      adeno, herpes, papova, pox, reovirus, Fig 1-6), bacteria : (Agrobacterium
      tumefaciens, Fig. 7), fungi : (Plasmodiophora brassicae, and nematode :
      (meloidgyne) are discussed.

PMID- 979707
TI  - [Identification of mycobacteria strains isolated in our laboratory 1972-1975].
AB  - 111 (3,34%) acid-fast bacteria were found by direct, and 128 (3.86%) acid-fast
      bacteria by homogenisation methods, in 3315 specimens sent to the tuberculosis
      laboratory of our institute from various clinics of Gulhane Military Medical
      Academy, between October 11, 1972 and December 31, 1975. It was found that there
      was no great difference between the direct and the homogenisation methods,
      provided that these tests are carried out with great care. After the isolation of
      128 mycobacteria from 3315 specimens by culturing in Lowenstein-Jensen medium
      they were typed by niacin, nitrate reduction, catalase, and peroxydase reactions.
      It was found that 124 out of 128 strains were M. tuberculosis var. bovis,
      atypical and saprophytic mycobacteria (3.125%).

PMID- 979709
TI  - Editorial: The contribution of medical education to primary medical care.

PMID- 979710
TI  - British medical undergraduates in 1975: a student survey in 1975 compared with
      1966.
AB  - Undergraduate medical education in Britain has been in a state of change since
      before the introduction of the National Health Service. Since then the changes in
      the General Medical Councils's recommendations concerning the medical curriculum
      (1947, 1957, 1967) have accompanied attention to curricular content, and the
      manpower requirements of the Health Service have drawn attention to the career
      preferences of students. Martin & Boddy (1962) reported a survey of medical
      students throughout the United Kingdom which was carried out under the auspices
      of the Association for the Study of Medical Education (ASME). A questionnaire was
      used which covered such areas as reactions to the medical school and curriculum,
      professional expectations and attitudes, and career preferences. Then in 1966 a
      similar survey was carried out by ASME and the National Foundation for
      Educational Research, providing data for the Royal Commission on Medical
      Education and published as Appendix 19 of the Todd Report (1968). The survey in
      1966 used a questionnaire which investigated the background of the students, the
      course and students' reaction to it, and career aims, considering first
      preclinical and final year students only.

PMID- 979711
TI  - The careers of men graduates from the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine,
      London.
AB  - The survey records the data supplied by the 290 respondents to a questionnaire
      sent out to the first 390 male graduates of the Royal Free Hospital School of
      Medicine who qualified during the 20 year period after the school became co
      educational in 1948. As might have been expected, there was a preponderance of
      students from homes in Greater London and South East England. Whilst an equal
      entry of male and female students was felt desirable the achievement of this
      objective was slow, since selection was based on merit and the male applicants in
      the first few years seemed less well qualified for the medical training. During
      the period of the survey half of the entry was at the premedical stage and the
      average age for starting preclinical studies was 20-0 years--a little higher than
      that (18-9) recorded in the ASME survey for the 1966 entry to medical schools. A
      slightly higher number of Royal Free men took higher degrees and diplomas than
      did the women. On the number available it appeared that a higher percentage of
      Royal Free men took MRCP as compared with women or Birmingham graduates. The DA
      and DCH qualifications were more favoured by women than men. Three times as many
      men worked in, and twice as many lived in London as in South East England, a
      situation that was the reverse of that for Royal Free women. There was no
      evidence to show that the men preferred to do career training in London and then
      move out.

PMID- 979712
TI  - Projected needs of health manpower in Saudi Arabia, 1974-90.
AB  - Although our projections are not completely accurate, due to inadequate data and
      crude methods of approximation, three conclusions are inescapable: 1. The nation
      should give priority to planning new schools for health administrators and rural
      health workers, and to generally expanding present schools for paramedicals. 2.
      Plans should proceed rapidly for the two new medical schools. 3. A Health
      Manpower plan based on census information and special studies should be developed
      over the next 2 years. This plan should have input from all concerned ministries.
      (The Ministry of Health has regarded a proposal from University Associate "a
      group of Harvard, Johns Hopkins and A.U.B. professors" for technical cooperation
      in health services planning.)

PMID- 979713
TI  - The organization of an integrated basic medical science curriculum at a new
      medical school, Nottingham.
AB  - The detailed organization of an integrated medical sciences curriculum from its
      initial planning to the final stage of "automatic" administration are described.
      Although some reduction in departmental autonomy results, this is outweighed by
      the advantages of a timetable and curriculum prepared, planned and carried out in
      a cooperative manner. Flexibility and scope for controlled change and experiment
      are retained.

PMID- 979714
TI  - A departmental approach for improving lecture skills of medical teachers.
AB  - The programme described here concentrated on improving the lecture skills of
      medical teaching staff in a single department. The training format for this
      programme included videotaping faculty lectures, providing written feedback, and
      formal training sessions. As a result of participating in this programme members
      of teaching staff felt that their lecture skills had improved and wanted
      additional training in other areas of education. The significance of the
      programme rests not only with its impact on the staff of this specific department
      but in its being a pilot of an approach to teacher development utilizing an
      exclusively self-instructional format.

PMID- 979715
TI  - Attitudes towards the content of general practice teaching.
AB  - In a study of attitudes towards the content of general practice teaching, it was
      found that there was good agreement between fifth year medical students and their
      general practitioner tutors. The social aspects of illness were considered the
      most important by students and both groups emphasized the value of seeing
      patients in their homes with time for discussion of cases. These findings are
      discussed in the context of the development of teaching in general practice at
      Glasgow University.

PMID- 979716
TI  - Evaluation of a sex education workshop.
AB  - Thirty-two first year medical students who attended a 1 day sex education
      workshop and seven of their classmates who did not attend the workshop were given
      the Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test (SKAT) both 1 month before and 3 months after
      the workshop. The workshop group on retest had scores significantly higher than
      their pretest scores in the areas of sexual knowledge, autoeroticism and sexual
      myths. The scores of the no-workshop group did not change significantly on any of
      the parameters.Evidently, knowledge can be increased and attitudes liberalized by
      means of an intensive day-long workshop and such changes may persist beyong the
      immediate period of the workshop.

PMID- 979717
TI  - A comparison of student performances in answering essay-type and multiple-choice
      questions.
AB  - Assessment has been made of student performances in answering exam questions of
      different types. Three groups of students were tested on the same material in
      three different forms of examination: essay-type question, essay-type question
      modified by providing cues, and multiple choice question. The students performed
      better in multiple-choice and in cued essay questions than in uncued essay
      questions. An important difference between essay questions and multiple-choice
      questions is the provision of cues in the latter.

PMID- 979718
TI  - Linear study of medical undergraduate performance.
AB  - The examination performance of a cohort of clinical undergraduates has been
      scrutinized. The cohort was notable for a high failure rate at the university
      preclinical examination, but this failure rate did not reappear consistently in
      all four final clinical subjects. The assaying examinations were not only valid
      for their objectives, but also measured a range of other attributes. Multiple
      choice question papers scores detect both quantitative and qualitative
      differences in knowledge between the high and low fail risk candidates. The
      effect of A-level grade is variable but is carried up to the final qualifying
      examinations. High performers tend to have good A-levels. The contribution of the
      preclinical course to the clinical qualifying examination was small, varied
      between the preclinical subjects and also between the clinical subjects and two
      streams of students. It is shown that lack of an adequate standard in science
      subjects before entry to university is associated with subsequent disadvantage in
      clinical training. Such disadvantage could be reduced by an introductory
      premedical course. The contributions made by the differing educational
      experiences within the cohort could be detected in many of the examinations; in
      particular, poor performance at the end of first clinical year pathology multiple
      choice questions paper examination was associated with poor performance at
      finals. Failure in the first part of finals indicated a likelihood of furhter
      failure, factors such as sex and motivation are shown to affect multiple choice
      question performance whilst others such as work overload do not. The high risk
      fail candidates can be detected 2 years before finals and might be given special
      educational treatment designed to improve their chance of first time success as
      there is no efficient way of identifying them before acceptance into the medical
      school.

PMID- 979719
TI  - Medical student assessment of videotape for teaching in diagnostic radiology.
AB  - A series of six videotape recordings, prepared jointly by the Department of
      Radiodiagnosis and the Television Service, University of Leeds, described some
      aspects of the radiology of the chest, using only radiographs. A small group of
      final year medical students viewed these videotapes over the space of few days.
      Their scores for factual questions immediately afterwards were compared with
      their attitudes to the learning experience, expressed anonymously without
      knowledge of these scores. Students who scored the highest marks were most
      consistently critical of the videotapes; those with lower marks tended to record
      favourable attitudes when they performed best and unfavourable attitudes at other
      times. Scales set up by the students themselves to evaluate the experience
      produced a wide range of detailed and constructive suggestions. In general,
      students commented very favourably on the capacity of videotape to present fine
      radiographic details and we conclude that it is an appropriate medium for this
      purpose.

PMID- 979720
TI  - Paediatric candidates' attitudes to computerized patient management problems in a
      certifying examination.
AB  - In September 1974 candidates who had taken a computerized patient managment
      problem examination (CPMP), as part of the certification process in paediatrics
      required by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, completed a
      questionnaire designed to elicit their reactions to CPMPs. The results indicated
      that respondents were favourable to CPMPs, that there was little distraction
      caused by the equipment, logic or semantics of the problems, and that CPMPs were
      an acceptable examination technique. It was recommended that, in the future, CPMP
      examinees be allowed practice time to familiarize themselves with the equipment,
      that pre-examination instructions should be clarified, and that problems judged
      inadequate by candidates be revised.

PMID- 979721
TI  - Where do graduates do their house jobs?

PMID- 979722
TI  - Statistical significance: its appropriate use.

PMID- 979723
TI  - Drug addiction.

PMID- 979724
TI  - Myocardial infarct in young Malaysian men forty years and under: a retrospective
      analysis of risk factors.

PMID- 979725
TI  - Comparative study of the prevalence of adult obesity in the three racial groups
      of Kuala Lumpur.

PMID- 979727
TI  - Occupational health in West Malaysia.

PMID- 979726
TI  - Cervicograms of normal labour in Malaysian women.

PMID- 979728
TI  - Brief psychotherapy with children.

PMID- 979729
TI  - Serum insulin secretion by adult Malaysians.

PMID- 979730
TI  - Screening for G. 6-P.D. deficiency.

PMID- 979731
TI  - Ovarian tumours complicating pregnancy in a Malaysian study.

PMID- 979733
TI  - Benign intracranial hypertension in infants due to tetracycline.

PMID- 979732
TI  - Goldenhar's syndrome.

PMID- 979734
TI  - Micromethod for the measurement of renin activity.

PMID- 979735
TI  - Craniocerebral injuries.

PMID- 979736
TI  - Lumbar epidural anaesthesia in a solo.

PMID- 979737
TI  - Granuloma of the larynx following intubation.

PMID- 979738
TI  - Removal of blunt oesophageal foreign bodies from children using a Foley catheter.

PMID- 979739
TI  - Brufen in conditions allied to, but excluding rheumatoid arthritis and
      osteoarthrosis--open study.

PMID- 979740
TI  - T3 toxicosis--a case report.

PMID- 979741
TI  - Mass rearing of mites collected from house-dust samples.

PMID- 979742
TI  - The supply of opium derivatives.

PMID- 979743
TI  - Influenza A/swine.

PMID- 979744
TI  - Welfare service for the aged.

PMID- 979745
TI  - Hydatid disease at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 1964 to 1974.
AB  - A survey of hydatid disease has been carried out at the Royal Prince Alfred
      Hospital over a ten-year period from 1964 to 1974. It would appear that there has
      been no change in incidence in hydatid disease in the last 25 years. Fifty per
      cent of the hydatid cysts dealt with in this series occurred in the liver, and
      30% were in the lung. Forty per cent of patients with lung hydatid disease were
      found to harbour hydatid cysts in the liver as well, while 24% of those with
      hydatid disease in the liver were found to have co-existent lung cysts. Twenty
      per cent of patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts presented with urgent
      complications, while only 7% of those with liver hydatid cysts presented in this
      way. Twenty-four per cent of the patients in this series were born outside
      Australia, most of the rest having been born and having lived in New South Wales.
      In this State, the distribution of hydatid disease remains the same as it was in
      1925. Of the serological tests, the Casoni intradermal reaction was positive in
      67% of cases, while the complement-fixation reaction was positive in only 52%.
      Seventy-eight per cent of these patients came to operation; 50% were found to
      have viable cysts at operation. Morbidity was high from chest infection,
      prolonged drainage from the site of the cyst and subphrenic abscess. Since few
      viable cysts were found in patients over the age of 60 years, there is a strong
      case for conservatism in the treatment of elderly patient with an asymptomatic
      calcified hydatid cyst. The hydatid-dependent mortality rate in this series was 1
      8%. Over a mean follow-up period of five years, in 5% of these patients, there
      was a proven recurrence of hydatid disease requiring further operation.

PMID- 979746
TI  - Penetrating eye injuries associated with motor vehicle accidents.
AB  - A 2 1/2-year review of penetrating eye injuries resulting from motor vehicle
      accidents and treated at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, is presented.
      The series dates from January 1, 1972, when legislation requiring the compulsory
      wearing of seat belts was introduced. The review shows a downward trend in
      injuries compared with the previous 6 1/2 years. Almost all the patients failed
      to wear a lap-and-sash seat belt or, if one was worn, it was not secured
      properly.

PMID- 979747
TI  - Deterioration in renal function in association with co-trimoxazole therapy.
AB  - Deterioration in renal function has been observed in four patients who were
      taking co-trimoxazole. Three patients had stable chronic renal failure, and in
      two of these there was a further permanent impairment of renal function. The
      remaining patient received co-trimoxazole while recovering from a short episode
      of acute oliguric renal failure. It is suggested that co-trimoxazole be withheld,
      or used with caution in patients with impaired renal function.

PMID- 979748
TI  - Skin-prick test reactions to inhalant allergens in asthmatic patients.
AB  - Skin-prick tests with extracts of a large number of inhalant allergens were
      carried out on 489 asthmatic patients attending the thoracic outpatient clinics
      at two Sydney hospitals. Positive reactions, which had been previously found to
      be invariably accompanied by bronchial immediate allergic reactivity, occurred in
      98% of patients who had had symptoms of asthma since the first decade of life,
      and in 28% of those whose symptoms did not begin until after the age of 60 years.
      Prick-test reactions were most commonly produced by house dust and house dust
      mite (70%), followed by grass pollens (50%), moulds (30%), weed pollens (35%) and
      tree pollens (22%). The patients commonly gave positive reactions to two or more
      of the extracts from within each of those allergen groups.

PMID- 979749
TI  - Severe obstructive jaundice due to amoebic liver abscess.
AB  - A case of amoebic liver abscess is reported in which it is clearly indicated that
      severe obstructive jaundice can be a predominant clinical feature of the
      condition. Other clinical manifestations of interest are discussed.

PMID- 979750
TI  - Common psychiatric emergencies.

PMID- 979751
TI  - Home treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
AB  - The sap of the plant Euphorbia peplus is not uncommonly used as a home treatment
      for warts and basal cell carcinomas. This report documents its successful use on
      a biopsy-proven basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 979752
TI  - Entrapment syndromes--ocular.

PMID- 979753
TI  - Radioimmunoassay method for gentamicin.

PMID- 979754
TI  - Psychotherapeutic control of hypertension.

PMID- 979755
TI  - Down with pantyhose.

PMID- 979756
TI  - Minicomputers in general practice.

PMID- 979757
TI  - Postscript on breast cancer.

PMID- 979758
TI  - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in an Australian hospital population.
AB  - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels have been determined by the zirconyl
      phosphate gel (Z-gel) method, using materials provided by Hoffman-LaRoche Inc.,
      on 512 samples from 425 hospital patients, and on single samples from 124 normal
      controls (98 blood donors and 26 healthy staff members). Of the controls, 98% had
      CEA levels less than 5 ng/ml. Forty-six hospital patients had CEA levels above 20
      ng/ml; 45 (98%) had known present or past cancer. Nineteen patients had levels
      between 10 and 20 ng/ml; 11 (58%) had present or past cancer. Sixty-seven
      patients had levels between 5 and 10 ng/ml, and most of these had non-malignant
      diseases; only 34% had present or past cancer. Cigarette smoking was associated
      with elevated CEA levels among patients with non-neoplastic diseases, notably
      those with cirrhosis of the liver and chronic renal disease. There was a
      gradation of increasing specificity for cancer with increasing levels of CEA from
      5 to over 20 ng/ml; but, on the other hand, higher levels were associated with
      more disseminated cancer, which would be less amenable to cure.

PMID- 979759
TI  - Prolonged antibiotic peritoneal lavage in the management of gross generalized
      peritonitis.
AB  - Since there is a high mortality and morbidity with conventional therapy in
      generalized peritonitis, a treatment regime of prolonged continuous peritoneal
      lavage (two to 10 days) with the lavage solution containing kanamycin (40 mug/ml)
      and cephalothin (100 mug/ml) was undertaken in 14 cases of gross, well
      established, diffuse peritonitis. Antibiotics were also given systemically. In 11
      cases, in which the causative lesion was definitively repaired, no
      intraperitoneal complications developed and convalescence was rapid. Three
      patients, in whom causative lesion was not definitively repaired at operation,
      subsequently died. Prolonged antibiotic peritoneal lavage appears to be
      beneficial for patients with gross and diffuse peritoneal soiling, after the
      causative lesion has been repaired.

PMID- 979760
TI  - Cosmetic caliper for use with flail leg.
AB  - A new type of long leg brace made of polypropylene with an internal shoe foot
      piece seems to offer distinct advantages over the older, conventional type of
      calipers.

PMID- 979761
TI  - Needs of hearing-impaired children.

PMID- 979762
TI  - Nutrition 12--calcium metabolism.

PMID- 979763
TI  - Vasectomy: elimination of motile sperm.

PMID- 979764
TI  - Seat belt syndrome.

PMID- 979765
TI  - Value of metiamide in the preoperative management of the Zollinger-El.
AB  - Two cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are reported in which metiamide produced
      marked reduction in gastric acid secretion and control of symptoms, so that
      elective gastrectomy was performed without mortality or morbidity.

PMID- 979766
TI  - New fibreglass casting system in orthopaedic practice.
AB  - The composition, manufacture and application of a new fibreglass casting system
      for use in orthopaedic practice are described. The performance of the first 51
      fibreglass casts used in routine fracture work is reviewed. The advantages (the
      cast is waterprof, extremely light and strong) and the disadvantages (an
      ultraviolet light source is required to cure the cast and the fiberglass tape is
      rather expensive) are evaluated.

PMID- 979767
TI  - Microsurgical repair of Fallopian tubes.
AB  - Of three patients who underwent microsurgical repair of Fallopian tubes after
      tubal sterilization, two achieved intrauterine pregnancies.

PMID- 979768
TI  - Smoking during pregnancy.

PMID- 979770
TI  - Head injuries--what happens to survivors.

PMID- 979771
TI  - The plight of the migrant: basic considerations.

PMID- 979769
TI  - Vasectomy: euflavine as a spermicide.

PMID- 979772
TI  - Use of anabolic steroids by athletes.

PMID- 979773
TI  - The mycobacterioses.

PMID- 979774
TI  - Non-accidental injury to children.

PMID- 979775
TI  - Do polyunsaturated fats predispose to malignant melonoma?
AB  - The consumption of polyunsaturated fats of patients with malignant melanoma and
      of a control group of patients with benign naevi has been compared in order to
      determine whether polyunsaturated fats predispose to the development of malignant
      melanoma. Patients with malignant melanoma had not consumed excessive quantities
      of polyunsaturated fats. Thus, there was no evidence to indicate that ingestion
      of polyunsaturated fats is associated with an increase in incidence of melanoma.

PMID- 979776
TI  - The use of anabolic steroids by athletes to increase body weight and strength.
AB  - Over the past 20 years the taking of anabolic steroids by healthy athletes for
      the purpose of increasing body weight and strength has become very widespread.
      The ability of these agents to cause potentially serious side effects is
      discussed. In a series of 20 subjects studied over 18 months, no side effects of
      significance were recorded, and marked increases in strength and body weight were
      achieved.

PMID- 979778
TI  - Obesity as a risk factor.

PMID- 979779
TI  - Obesity.

PMID- 979777
TI  - Surgical management in atypical pulmonary tuberculosis (MAIS complex).
AB  - Forty-four patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS)
      complex pulmonary infection who had a surgical procedure for management of their
      disease are reviewed. Relapse occurred in three cases and two patients died as a
      late result of their surgery. This gave a satisfactory treatment result in 89% of
      cases. The follow-up period was from nine months to 14 years after surgery. It is
      suggested that, despite the advent of modern antituberculosis drugs, resection of
      lung tissue is still the treatment of choic in suitable cases.

PMID- 979780
TI  - The aetiology of obesity.

PMID- 979781
TI  - Childhood obesity.

PMID- 979782
TI  - The thalassaemias.

PMID- 979783
TI  - Lower limb amputation in a general hospital: a comparative review.
AB  - This paper presents the results of a recent review of lower limb amputations
      carried out in a general hospital, and compares them with those of previous study
      of similar amputations. Particular attention is paid to the type of amputation
      below-knee, through-knee or above-knee--and the associated morbidity, mortality
      and rehabilitation prospects. There is a need for an active approach to the
      problems of amputation with emphasis on preoperative preparation of the patient,
      the operation itself and rehabilitation follow-up in an amputation clinic.

PMID- 979784
TI  - Spermatocytic seminoma.
AB  - A case of spermatocytic seminoma is described. The lesion illustrates the
      characteristic macroscopic and microscopic pathology of this relatively rare
      tumour, and is the largest recorded example. The long history of 15 years draws
      attention to the slow growth pattern and excellent prognosis. Chromosomal
      analysis, hitherto undescribed for spermatocytic seminoma, reveals moderate
      aneuploidy of tumour cells.

PMID- 979785
TI  - Bilateral renal calculi in patients receiving methyldopa.
AB  - Two patients with bilateral kidney stones had been taking methyldopa for 8 years
      and 10 years respectively. Their urine contained a brown pigment which darkened
      and precipitated on standing. This substance was identified as methlydopa. No
      other cause for stone formation was found, so it is suggested that the
      methyldopa, because of its poor solubility, provided a nidus for stone formation.

PMID- 979786
TI  - The poisons information centre--its role and scope.

PMID- 979787
TI  - The "whiplash" injury.

PMID- 979788
TI  - Prolactin--1976.

PMID- 979789
TI  - Thrombosis--perspective on a major side effect of oral contraceptives.

PMID- 979790
TI  - Morbidity and mortality associated with legal abortion.

PMID- 979791
TI  - Active obstetrics for convenience?

PMID- 979792
TI  - Sudden death in infancy syndrome in Western Australia.

PMID- 979793
TI  - Thalassaemia--a preventive approach.
AB  - Thalassaemia is a significant public health problem in Australia. There is a need
      for improved patient education about the disease in order to prevent unnecessary
      anxieties. The recent advent of methods for antenatal diagnosis has given
      emphasis to a preventive approach. A screening and counselling service
      established at Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital, Melbourne, is described, and
      some of the problems encountered are discussed. Psychological problems are
      common, and these need to be managed carefully.

PMID- 979794
TI  - Problems of medical graduates holding appointments in medical schools.

PMID- 979795
TI  - Cocaine "snorting" for fun.

PMID- 979796
TI  - Sequential multidrug chemotherapy and radiotherapy with possible surgery for
      locally advanced cancer.
AB  - A preliminary report describes the use of both a single and a combined
      chemotherapeutic drug regime before radiotherapy for locally advanced and
      radioresistant cancers. Some tumours have been rendered operable with safety by
      this sequence. This method is suggested to replace the current practice of
      following surgery with radiotherapy and finally chemotherapy. In our experience,
      chemotherapy before radiotherapy is assisting in the effective control of locally
      advanced and hitherto radioresistant cancers of many types, and in converting
      inoperable cancers into cancers that can be resected sometimes with safety. Also,
      when chemotherapeutic drugs are given before radiotherapy, damage to normal
      adjacent tissue is less than that seen after radiotherapy alone.

PMID- 979797
TI  - Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen in the saliva of patients with acute
      hepatitis B, and of chronic carriers.
AB  - Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected by radioimmunoassay in the saliva of 11
      of 25 patients with hepatitis B, for periods of up to 23 days after the onset of
      illness. It was also detected in the saliva of three of five chronic carriers.
      The presence of this antigen in the saliva may be an important factor in non
      parenteral transmission of hepatitis B.

PMID- 979798
TI  - Henbane chewing.
AB  - A case is presented of deliberate chewing of the flowers of henbane (Hyoscyamus
      niger) in the hope of producing euphoria, and an account is given of the
      poisoning so produced. The case indicates a more widespread use of this plant
      among the drug-taking community of Australia, and discussion of the case includes
      a description of the plant and an outline of treatment for the acute stage of the
      poisoning.

PMID- 979799
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of accidental poisoning in childhood.

PMID- 979800
TI  - Psychotropic drug use in the elderly. Public ignorance or indifference?
AB  - Figures on prescription volume and cost for pensioners' consumption of
      psychotropic drugs are given, showing that their consumption is grossly
      overproportionate to their representation within the population. Pensioners
      comprise about 9% of the population and are prescribed 45% (range: 32% for minor
      tranquillizers to 58% for barbiturates) of all psychotropic drugs issued under
      the National Health Scheme. The data given are seen to be very conservative
      estimates of total national consumption, as they do not include prescriptions
      issued to repatriation and private patients, or drugs administered in hospitals.
      Community stereotypes about drugs and drug use are discussed. The community's
      knowledge of psychotropic drug use by the elderly is seen to be minimal and its
      attitude toward it indifferent.

PMID- 979801
TI  - Psychotropic drug use in the elderly: public ignorance or indifference? Comment
      1.

PMID- 979802
TI  - Psychotropic drug use in the elderly: public ignorance of indifference? Comment
      2.

PMID- 979803
TI  - Psychotropic drug use in the elderly: public ignorance or indifference? Comment
      3.

PMID- 979804
TI  - Passive smoking in enclosed public places.

PMID- 979805
TI  - Emergence of gentamicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 979807
TI  - Who cares.

PMID- 979806
TI  - Single-dose evaluation of a new enteric-coated aspirin preparation.

PMID- 979808
TI  - Psychiatric management of self-poisoning in adults.

PMID- 979809
TI  - The doctor's wife.
AB  - A sociological survey of 52 doctors' wives was performed. The majority had
      attended private school, 19% had reached a tertiary level of education and 58%
      had been employed in the health profession before marriage, 42% in the nursing
      profession. At the time of the survey only 10% were in full-time external
      employment, but the majority assisted their husbands in their professional work.
      A minority acknowledged some loss of personal identity in being a doctor's wife.

PMID- 979810
TI  - Accidental poisoning: pheniramine.

PMID- 979811
TI  - Contamination of aqueous dilutions of Resiguard disinfectant with pseudomonas.

PMID- 979813
TI  - Home treatment of basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 979812
TI  - Co-trimoxazole.

PMID- 979814
TI  - Oestrogens and endometrial cancer.

PMID- 979815
TI  - New approaches in immunotherapy.

PMID- 979816
TI  - Non-sterile self-catheterization.

PMID- 979817
TI  - The Feingold dietary treatment of the hyperkinetic syndrome.
AB  - A satisfactory explanation of the hyperkinetic syndrome in children has been
      lacking. Feingold has advanced the hypothesis that naturally occurring
      salicylates and artificial food additives may cuase this syndrome in certain
      children , who have a genetically determined predisposition. Following Feingold's
      dietary prescription, an elimination diet relevant to the foods available in
      Sydney was developed. The treatment regime is described, and the results of its
      application to 15 hyperkinetic children are presented. The parents of 10 children
      are "quite certain" and those of three others "fairly certain" that their
      children's behaviour not only improved substantially with the diet, but also
      relapsed promptly when significant dietary infringements occurred. A possible
      ecological implication of these findings is briefly discussed.

PMID- 979818
TI  - Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle.
AB  - Six patients with osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle were seen during a
      3 1/2-year period in a rheumatology unit. This condition, which may not be rare,
      is characterized by the sudden onset of pain in the knee of elderly people
      (usually women) without significant trauma. Physical signs include effusion and
      tenderness at the medial margin of the knee joint. Radiographic changes may not
      be evident for weeks or even months. The later appearances are characteristic and
      the site of the lesion is remarkably constant.

PMID- 979819
TI  - Lincomycin-clindamycin-associated psuedomembranous colitis.
AB  - Five cases of lincomycin-clindamycin-associated acute pseudomembranous colitis,
      demonstrating a spectrum of clinical, histological and radiological severity,
      were encountered over a five-months period. All patients presented with watery
      diarrhoea without the passage of macroscopic blood or pus. Two patients were
      seriously ill with fulminant colitis, but responded rapidly to corticosteroids
      given parenterally and supportive therapy. The diagnosis of acute colitis should
      be considered in all patients developing diarrhoea during or up to three weeks
      after beginning therapy with lincomycin or clindamycin and can be confirmed by
      sigmoidoscopic examination. Withdrawal of the antibiotic and symptomatic
      treatment is appropriate for mild cases of colitis, but our experience suggests
      that corticosteroid therapy is safe and effective in severe cases. Indiscriminate
      use of these antibiotics should be avoided.

PMID- 979820
TI  - Compound breech presentation.

PMID- 979822
TI  - Do chubby infants become obese adults.

PMID- 979821
TI  - Spleno-hepatic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium kansasii.
AB  - A case of tuberculosis of the spleen and liver is described. The organism
      involved was Mycobacterium kansasii, one of the atypical mycobacteria. The lack
      of evidence in the literature of primary splenic or hepatic involvement by this
      organism suggests that it is rare. In this instance it complicated a case of
      myeloproliferative disease, megakaryocytic myelosis with extra-medullary
      haemopoiesis, and was not diagnosed until autopsy.

PMID- 979823
TI  - The use of an indwelling peritoneal catheter in the treatment of chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with end-stage renal failure were treated by dialysis by
      the peritoneal route, with a Tenckoff catheter. The basic regime was 30 2-litre
      exchanges twice a week. Two patients died while receiving peritoneal therapy, and
      7 patients were transferred to haemodialysis because of catheter failure. Four
      patients received transplants directly from peritoneal dialysis, 22 were
      transferred electively to haemodialysis, and 2 are still being treated by
      peritoneal dialysis. Fourteen (1-2%) of the 1,161 dialyses were complicated by
      peritoneal infection. This was controlled in 13 instances by the addition of
      gentamicin to the dialysate, but removal of the catheter was required in one
      case. The mean duration of peritoneal dialysis was 14-4 weeks; 4 patients
      underwent this type of therapy for 78, 63, 41 and 40 weeks respectively.

PMID- 979824
TI  - Surgery for duodenal ulcer: selection of the most suitable operation for the
      patient.
AB  - The results of 70 consecutive operations for duodenal ulcer are presented to
      illustrate an approach which attempts to make the best use of the range of
      available operations. The object is to select patients according to criteria
      which minimize mortality and recurrent ulcer rate by adapting the operation to
      the circumstances. Functional results have been extremely satisfactory; operative
      mortality was 1-4% and, although the follow-up period is not sufficiently long to
      allow a final rate to be determined, proven recurrent ulcer rate is 2-8%. These
      results indicate that his approach is worth further consideration.

PMID- 979825
TI  - Blood alcohol and road trauma survey.
AB  - Since April 8, 1974, Victorian legislation has required that blood samples be
      taken from all persons aged 15 years or over after a road traffic crash. A survey
      was carried out of 474 such persons from June 10 until September 12, 1974. Of
      these, blood was taken from 350, and estimates of blood alcohol concentration
      were obtained from 271 samples. Sixty-five samples of the 271 (24%) gave positive
      results for alcohol and in about two-thirds of these the levels were higher than
      the legal limit of 0-05 g/100 ml. Over half of the subjects with positive results
      for blood alcohol concentration were under 30 years of age, 80% were males, and
      half were car drivers. This contrasted with the "alcohol-negative" subjects, who
      were older, and about half of whom were males. About 60% of both groups received
      minor injuries, and about 20% were admitted to hsopital. Research is continuing
      to define drinking habits and other social characteristics of these groups.

PMID- 979826
TI  - Necropsy as a control of death certification: some unexpected findings.
AB  - A comparison of death certificates and necropsy findings in a group of
      premenopausal women suggests that a number of diseases are either underdiagnosed
      in life. Atypical cases of intracerebral haemorrhage are frequently misdiagnosed.
      These occur in the frontal, temporal or parietal lobes in non-hypertensive women
      and may be suitable for surgical treatment. Their aetiology remains obscure.
      Pulmonary embolus is habitually underdiagnosed in premenopausal women and
      myocardial infarcts appear to be overdiagnosed. The study reemphasizes that death
      certificates are inaccurate and that low necropsy rates render accurate
      statistics of diseases in the community difficult ot obtain.

PMID- 979827
TI  - Unusual complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
AB  - A case is reported of extravasation of radio-opaque contrast medium into the
      duodenal wall surrounding the papilla of Vater during endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This is a particularly uncommon complication of
      this relatively new technique in gastrointestinal investigation. The uneventful
      and complete recovery in the case reported here is in line with the clinical
      progress of the few previously reported patients who developed this complication.

PMID- 979829
TI  - Rural Greeks and illness.

PMID- 979828
TI  - The marriage counselling services in Australia.

PMID- 979830
TI  - The plight of the migrant: in industry.

PMID- 979831
TI  - Backyard peril.

PMID- 979833
TI  - Aspiration cytology in Perth: experience of 673 cases.
AB  - The experience gained from the investigation of 673 patients by aspiration
      cytology is reviewed. The diagnostic accuracy of the technique is not
      satisfactorily demonstrated in this series owing to incomplete follow-up
      information. However, the almost unlimited application of aspiration cytology as
      a preliminary diagnostic test in focal lesions of most organs and tissues is
      emphasized. The chief merit of the technique is it simplicity which shoudl put it
      into the very front line of diagnostic procedures in suspected neoplastic
      disease.

PMID- 979832
TI  - The interaction of ethanol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man: effects on
      perceptual, cognitive and motor functions.
AB  - Twelve paid student volunteers (8 male, 4 female) were used in a double-blind
      crossover experiment to investigate the effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol
      (THC) alone, and in combination with ethanol, on human perceptual, cognitive and
      motor functions. Both THC (10 mg/70 kg) and ethanol (0-5 g/kg) had little effect
      when administered alone. The combination of drugs, however, induced a significnat
      decrement in performance in some of the tests and this interaction was considered
      to be at least additive. The peak blood ethanol concentration was higher (P = 0
      05) when subjects received both ethanol and THC than when they received ethanol
      alone.

PMID- 979834
TI  - Spironolactone and acute mountain sickness.
AB  - Thirteen adults trekking in Nepal in 1974 to altitudes between 4,300 m and 5,500
      m remained free from acute mountain sickness while taking spironolactone as a
      prophylactic measure. Two years previously five of these adults trekking at
      similar altitudes, but without treatment, had suffered from acute mountain
      sickness. The regime used was spironolactone in a dosage of 25 mg three times a
      day for two days preceding and during the periods spent at altitudes above 3,000
      m.

PMID- 979835
TI  - How many endoscopic biopsy specimens?
AB  - In cases in which the endoscopist considers it necessary to attempt to confirm or
      exclude a diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach or oesophagus by biopsy and
      histopathological examination, we find that a minimum of four fragments should be
      taken. Taking more than eight biopsy specimens appears to do little more than
      prolong the time taken for a highly skilled team to complete the operation.

PMID- 979836
TI  - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, multiple phaeochromocytomas, mucosal
      neuromas, marfanoid habitus and other abnormalities (Sipple's syndrome).
AB  - A case of Sipple's syndrome is reported, in which the full phenotype was
      expressed. The patient had the typical marfanoid habitus, with thickened lips and
      alae nasi, neuromas on lips and tongue, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland,
      phaeochromocytomas, and medullated corneal nerve fibres. The plasma calcitonin
      level was initially elevated, rose on calcium infusion before thyroidectomy, and
      was undetectably after thyroidectomy. The urinary catecholamine excretion was
      elevated. The plasma parathyroid hormone, adrenocorticotrophin and growth hormone
      levels and the serum calcium level were normal.

PMID- 979837
TI  - The evaluation of clinical competence.
AB  - This review examined new approaches to the definition and evaluation of clinical
      competence. Competence may be defined in terms of the components of the process
      of clinical performance or in terms of the outcomes of clinical performance. No
      single test method is capable of providing a valid and reliable evaluation of all
      defined aspects of clinical competence. Both in this country and overseas, new
      test methods and examinations are being developed and the implications which they
      will have for Australian medical schools are discussed.

PMID- 979838
TI  - Peritoneal lavage in the treatment of peritonitis.

PMID- 979839
TI  - Role of the parietal cell in gastric damage induced by aspirin and related drugs.

PMID- 979840
TI  - Sudden death in infancy syndrome.

PMID- 979841
TI  - Bronchodilator aerosol asthma therapy.

PMID- 979842
TI  - Acupuncture therapy.

PMID- 979843
TI  - Table top test.

PMID- 979844
TI  - Screening for cystic fibrosis--further thoughts.

PMID- 979845
TI  - More about influenza A-swine.

PMID- 979846
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis treated with chlorambucil: a five-year follow-up.
AB  - The results of a five-year study of chlorambucil in patients suffering from
      rheumatoid arthritis are presented. The effect of treatment was to allow a
      reduction in corticosteroid dosage and a sustained remission of disease activity
      in patients. Three patients of the series of 22 developed neoplastic disease, and
      the signficance of this is discussed.

PMID- 979847
TI  - Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors including fasting serum triglyceride
      levels in the Cunderdin health survey of 1971.
AB  - In a mass health examination conducted in the Shires of Cunderdin and Tammin, 83%
      of subjects on the electoral rolls attended for screening of cardiovascular risk
      factors including fasting blood lipid measurements. Fasting serum triglyceride
      levels are presented. Other factors measured showed quite close similarities to
      those in the Busselton 1972 Health Survey. On conventional criteria of percentage
      of desirable weight, fasting serum cholesterol level and fasting serum
      triglyceride level, a very large proportion of the survey population was found to
      be eligible for preventive dietary advice--for example, 50% of males and females
      aged 40 to 59 years. The effective education and after-care of subjects found to
      be at risk requires further development of resources.

PMID- 979848
TI  - Domiciliary follow-up of the patient with acute myocardial infarction and
      myocardial ischaemia.
AB  - For 134 patients suffering acute myocardial infarction and/or ischaemic heart
      disease, a cardiac programme was commenced during hospitalization and followed up
      in the home environment. The workings of the programme are discussed and
      conclusions as to its effectiveness are drawn.

PMID- 979849
TI  - Gastric ulceration within hiatus hernia.
AB  - A retrospective analysis has been made of 19 persons with gastric ulceration in
      hiatus hernias. Eleven patients presented with acute upper gastrointestinal
      haemorrhage and three with chronic anaemia. Seventeen had experienced previous
      abdominal discomfort or heartburn. Diagnosis of ulceration was achieved by
      endoscopy in 16 instances and by radiography in six instances. A chronic ulcer
      was found in 10 patients, a discrete acute ulcer in three and multiple erosions
      in six. Twelve of the hernias were sliding in type and irreducible, in contrast
      to previous reports that gastric ulceration is most frequent in paracoesophageal
      hernias. Conservative management resulted in complete healing of the ulcer in the
      majority of patients. Continued bleeding or failure of the ulcer to heal
      necessitated surgical intervention in six patients.

PMID- 979850
TI  - Volvulus of the transverse colon in an Australian aboriginal.
AB  - A case of volvulus of the transverse colon in an elderly female Australian
      Aboriginal is reported. The rarity of the condition is stressed and the
      radiological features are discussed. Reference is also made to the geographical
      distribution of all types of volulus of the colon, and to the apparently high
      incidence of the condition in Aboriginal patients admitted to the Darwin
      Hospital.

PMID- 979851
TI  - Fatal respiratory obstruction due to round worm.
AB  - Respiratory obstruction caused by a round worm is rate. A fatal case of the
      complication in a three-year-old child was encountered at the Nehru Hospital
      attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,
      Chandigarh, India.

PMID- 979852
TI  - Management of accidental poisoning in children.

PMID- 979853
TI  - Problems in the immunology and control of tetanus.

PMID- 979855
TI  - Serological diagnosis of hydatid disease.

PMID- 979854
TI  - Hospital staffing and hospital costs.
AB  - A comparative study of costs per bed per day in teaching hospitals affiliated
      with Monash University compared with large non-teaching metropolitan hospitals
      (1964 to 1974) shows they are much higher in teaching hospitals. There is no
      evidence that this is due to the additional costs arising from the clinical
      schools. Research in the teaching hospitals and the accompanying high
      professional standards and demands on services are major factors accounting for
      the difference. Over the decade studied, the resident staff have increased by 77%
      and other salaried staff by 24%. The index of expenditure for the three teaching
      hospitals in the decade has increased by 386%.

PMID- 979856
TI  - Mebendazole.

PMID- 979857
TI  - The effects of intravenous administration of prostaglandin E1 on cerebral
      circulation in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 979858
TI  - Clinical results following thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 979859
TI  - Delayed hypersensitivity study on zirconium compounds and beryllium sulfate.

PMID- 979860
TI  - Temperature sensors in the brain [proceedings].

PMID- 979861
TI  - Genesis of positional information in the nervous system [proceedings].

PMID- 979862
TI  - An anomalous response (jumping behavior) to light in Drosophila [proceedings].

PMID- 979863
TI  - The brain patterns and habit of the hybrid and mongrel [proceedings].

PMID- 979864
TI  - Influence of the hypothalamic stimulation of the subcommissural organ in rabbits.

PMID- 979865
TI  - Influence of hypothalamic stimulation upon the ultrastructure of the anterior
      pituitary gland. Part 3: Thyrotrophs.

PMID- 979866
TI  - [The short PQ-interval syndrome with normal QRS complex (the LGL syndrome].

PMID- 979868
TI  - [Judicious therapy of cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 979867
TI  - [Dopamine in cardiogenic shock].

PMID- 979869
TI  - [Statistics and comparative pharmacokinetics (author's transl)].
AB  - An example stresses the point of well established routines, which are usual in
      comparative pharmacokinetics today. It seems to be necessary to analyse the
      problem carefully, before starting any pharmacokinetical trial.

PMID- 979870
TI  - [Renal thrombotic microangiopathy with benign hypertension and uremia secondary
      to oral contraceptives (author's transl)].
AB  - A 34-year-old woman developed uremia secondary to severe renal thrombotic
      microangiopathy after 3 years intake of oral contraceptives. In this particular
      case manifestation of end stage renal failure was preceded by an unusually long
      lasting period of nine months with benign hypertension. Even during the final
      stage (3-4 weeks) prior to complete development of uremia only once hemolysis but
      no malignant hypertension was observed. Only close long term follow up including
      renal biopsy and subtile functional tests may provide information whether and/or
      when hypertension due to oral contraceptives turns to become--at least in part-
      renal hypertension and also becomes persistent. This observation does not give
      evidence that benign hypertension causes renovascular damage and thus renal
      failure. Plasma renin activity was found to be basically elevated and furthermore
      stimulated e.g. by dialyses. However, this single observation does not permit any
      conclusion about a pathogenetic role of renin in creating hypertension by e.g.
      renal vasoconstriction or--despite hypertension--collapse of the capillary
      network.

PMID- 979871
TI  - [Psychological and physiological effects of a 5-week ergometer training in
      healthy young men (author's transl)].
AB  - 40 healthy male students were randomly assigned to either the exercise or control
      group. The latter was asked not to alter their common physical activity while the
      exercise group trained three times weekly on the bicycle ergometer for 15 minutes
      with a constant heart rate of 140bpm. At the beginning and after five weeks
      physiological data comprising cardiovascular and pulmonary responses at rest and
      under submaximal ergometric exercise were assessed. Additional data included
      psychological achievement tests, self reports of personality dimensions and
      frequency of physical complaints. Results indicated a marked increase in physical
      fitness for the training group improving the work load from 158 watt to 197 watt
      at constant heart rate. At rest and especially at submaximal work load there was
      an improvement of the economy of the cardiovascular and respiratory system.
      Contrary to these findings there were no changes or impairment in the
      psychological achievement tests, measuring concentration. Compared with the
      control group self reports of personality dimensions did not change except for a
      tendency to more extrovert behavior in the exercise group. Unexpectedly, the
      frequency of physical complaints did not decrease. The reason for this
      discrepancy is discussed.

PMID- 979872
TI  - [Coincidence of two carcinomata with excessive high level of serumestrogen
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of an unusual combination of a metastasing bronchus cancer, a non
      metastasing cancer of prostata and an excessive high level of serum-estrogen is
      described. This casuistic gives rise to some more general discussion of the
      pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of paraneoplastic endocrinopathies.

PMID- 979873
TI  - [Malignant tumors of the colon: statistical and clinical aspects (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Between 1961 and 1974 at the University Hospital Surgical Clinic at Innsbruck,
      991 cases of malignant tumors of the colon have been treated. Statistically a
      significant increase is proved in the number of these patients above the age of
      fifty in the Tyrolean population during this period. On the other hand the
      percentage of colon-tumors is decreasing with the age in patients younger than
      fifty. 412 out of these 991 cases could be analysed very carefully. The malignant
      tumors have been studied, among other respects, in relation to the localisation
      in the particular part of the colon, the frequency in the different ages and
      sexes. Specially the symptoms due to the particular localisation of the tumor are
      stressed. It is also noticed that the long case history, mainly because of the
      patients' own negligence, plays a decisive part in the unsatisfactoring number of
      cured. Some measures are mentioned, which with the so far got knowledge and
      science can improve the final therapeutic results.

PMID- 979874
TI  - [Acute leukemia as terminal stage of Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)].
AB  - In a 61 year-old female patient with Hodgkin's disease treated with cytotoxic
      drugs and radiation therapy acute undifferentiated leukemia developed 10 years
      later. The possibility of a carcinogenic effect of the cytotoxic and actinic
      therapy is discussed. Leukemia complicating the course of Hodgkin's disease must
      be considered an independent disease and not a iatrogenic transformation of a
      preexisting lesion.

PMID- 979875
TI  - [Stomach resection: Billroth I oder Billroth II].

PMID- 979876
TI  - [Radiation exposure during x-ray diagnosis of paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 979878
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome with pulmonary fibrosis. A case report (author's transl)].
AB  - The case is pointing to two remarkable facts: 1. Sjogren's syndrome may also be
      proceeding--without demonstrating any inflammatory rheumatic symptoms--with an
      isolated pulmonary fibrosis, as it had been evident in another case mentioned. 2.
      In certain circumstances, it may be considerably difficult to differentiate, with
      reliable certainty, the morphological changes in the salivary gland from those of
      a malignant lymphoma. Besides, also in literature there are reports concerning
      malignant degeneration turning into malignant lymphomata [1,8] in cases of
      Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 979877
TI  - [Etiology of shock lung: case report (author's transl)].
AB  - In a woman, 29, two times resection and anastomosis of the small intestine
      because of extended infarction was performed. Following peritonitis and septic
      shock a progressive respiratory insufficiency developed and patient died 48 hours
      later despite intensive ventilatory treatment. Autopsy findings were manifold
      vascular damage (aorta) and thromboembolisms in mesenteric vessels and iliac
      veins too. Patient received oral contraceptives over several years, changed the
      preparation previously and contraceptive therapy was continued with another one.
      Thromboembolic complications may understood as undesirable side effects of the
      contraceptives. By microscopy of lung thrombosis in capillaries was seen and in
      small arteries too, as embolism carried by the blood stream. In pathogenesis of
      shock lung macrothrombosis as an aetiologic factor is to be discussed.

PMID- 979879
TI  - [Quantitative tracer examination about the deposition of inhaled aerosols
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The topical distribution of inhaled aerosols produced by customary jet nebulizers
      has been measured scintigraphically. Corrections for absorption and stray effects
      with experimentally determined factors allowed to evaluate the quantities of
      deposited aerosol for the head, chest and abdominal regions. Highest aerosol
      intakes were found with slow inhalation through the mouth. The deposition
      decreased at higher respiration rates with a further diminution when inhalation
      takes place through the nose. The individuals had characteristic patterns of
      aerosol distribution resulting in more pronounced deposition differences than
      those caused by the mode of inhalation.

PMID- 979880
TI  - [How should a pleural empyema be treated?].

PMID- 979881
TI  - [Painless technic of intramuscular injection].

PMID- 979882
TI  - [Reducing diet following apoplexy or coronary infarct?].

PMID- 979883
TI  - [Duration of the demonstrability of hepatitis B antigen].

PMID- 979884
TI  - [Xiphoid syndrome].

PMID- 979885
TI  - [CEA determination in urogenital tract neoplasms].

PMID- 979886
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of hydroxyindoleacetic acid, vanilmandelic
      acid and homovanillic acid].

PMID- 979887
TI  - [Practical experiences with the CEA Roche test].

PMID- 979888
TI  - Hospital liability for physician negligence.

PMID- 979889
TI  - The law of informed consent.

PMID- 979890
TI  - [Culture-historical marginalia to right- and left-handedness].

PMID- 979891
TI  - [Legasthenia--from the psychological viewpoint].

PMID- 979892
TI  - [Spinal injuries in children].

PMID- 979893
TI  - [Pulmonary manifestations of systemic and organ-related internal diseases].

PMID- 979895
TI  - [Is the blood platelet sedimentation reaction still of any significance?].

PMID- 979894
TI  - [Medicinal plants and drugs in the Middle-low-German manuscripts of the 16th and
      17th century from East-Friesland].

PMID- 979896
TI  - [Diagnosis of psychosomatic diseases. Errors in the use of methods and extension
      of the individual diagnosis to marriage and family diagnosis].

PMID- 979897
TI  - [Aspects of neurologic diseases in old age].

PMID- 979898
TI  - [Early diagnosis and early treatment of epiphysiolysis capitis femoris].

PMID- 979899
TI  - [Refraction and constitution].

PMID- 979900
TI  - [New cycle-stabilizing contraceptive agent (Ediwal)].

PMID- 979901
TI  - [Immunochemistry of the blood plasma. V].

PMID- 979902
TI  - [Biochemistry and pathophysiology of the reciprocal effect of insulin receptor].

PMID- 979903
TI  - [Kinetics of the ampicillin release in a combination preparation].

PMID- 979904
TI  - [Are the older combination preparations surpassed?].

PMID- 979905
TI  - [Influence of Orgametril-induced amenorrhea on the emotional condition and
      aggressivity in women and girls with mental retardation].

PMID- 979906
TI  - [Indocyanine green in liver function tests].

PMID- 979907
TI  - Drinking and driving.

PMID- 979908
TI  - Those fire disasters.

PMID- 979909
TI  - Impact of legal requirements on safety and health in mines and quarries.

PMID- 979910
TI  - Chlorhexidine and other antiseptics.

PMID- 979911
TI  - Amikacin.

PMID- 979912
TI  - Osteoporosis.

PMID- 979913
TI  - Pregnancy outcome associated with the use of IUDs.

PMID- 979914
TI  - Relevance of dimethylamine to mechanism studies of DIC (DTIC, NSC 45388).
AB  - Monolayer cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells take up the photo
      decomposition products of DIC more readily than DIC itself. Dimethylamine, an
      immediate product of this degradative pathway, can ultimately become associated
      with the DNA, RNA, and protein of the cells as demonstrated by selective
      enzymatic degradation of macromolecules and isopycnic centrifugation. The
      relevance of these observations to mechanism studies of DIC is discussed.

PMID- 979915
TI  - A study of intermittent alternating drug program reinduction therapy on the
      frequency and duration of response in adult acute leukemia.
AB  - Of 41 adults with a diagnosis of acute leukemia that were randomized for
      induction therapy in combination with methotrexate, 6-MP, vincristine and
      prednisone (POMP) versus a combination of cytosine arabinoside, cytoxan,
      vincristine and prednisone (COAP), 23 (56%) patients achieved a complete
      remission. During remission, patients received consolidation therapy with the
      three courses of remission induction regimen that they had not received
      initially. They then received daunomycin (three courses) and L-asparaginase and
      were then maintained for two years with their induction therapy. The median
      duration of survival for all patients was 40 weeks; the median duration of
      survival of those patients that responded to chemotherapy was 80 weeks. There was
      no significant difference between the two induction regimens with regard to
      complete remission more than four and one half years from diagnosis and two and
      one half years from discontinuation of all therapy.

PMID- 979916
TI  - Psychological evaluation and management of pediatric oncology patients in
      protected environments.
AB  - Specific aspects of psychological investigation and management of pediatric
      patients with widely disseminated solid tumors treated in semiportable, laminar
      airflow patient isolators are discussed. Information was obtained prospectively
      from a psychosocial study c-ordinated with a medical investigation of the use of
      protected environments (PE) employing barrier isolation as an adjunct to
      intensive anticancer therapy. Included are description of the development of
      psychological criteria for patient eligibility, psychometric evaluation,
      longitudinal behavioral observation, pre-entry and predischarge orientation
      techniques, as well as approaches to the ongoing management of patients and
      families. No debilitating psychological disturbance has been observed in these
      patients, and no patients have had to be removed for psychological reasons.
      Specific transitory psychological changes are noted as are the problems
      encountered by staff members functioning in such a setting. The adoption of a
      well-coordinated psychosocial program of investigation and clinical intervention
      has proved useful in maximizing patient adjustment to prolonged treatment in
      protected environments.

PMID- 979917
TI  - Liquid xenon scintillators for imaging of positron emitters.
AB  - The current understanding of xenon scintillation physics is summarized and keyed
      to the use of xenon as a gamma-ray detector in medical radioisotope imaging
      systems. Liquid xenon has a short scintillation pulse (approximately 10(8) sec)
      and high gamma-ray absorption and scintillation efficiencies. The fast pulse may
      facilitate imaging in vivo distributions of hot positron sources and allow
      recovery of additional spatial information by time-of-flight techniques. We begin
      by describing our own study of the feasibility of making a practical positron
      scanning system, and consider the problems of scintillation decay time,
      linearity, efficiency, purity, and electricfield amplifcation. The prospects for
      a practical instrument are considered.

PMID- 979918
TI  - Comparisons of calorimetric and ionometric measurements in graphite irradiated
      with electrons from 15 to 50 MeV.
AB  - Extensive experimental comparisons of calorimetric and ionometric measurements
      have been made that cover a broader range of electron energies and depths in
      graphite than previously reported. Electron beams of 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50
      MeV were used. Calorimetric absorbed-dose measurements and ionometric specific
      charge measurements in air were compared in graphite at depths from 1 to 51
      g/cm2. The medium was irradiated with uncollimated electron beams produced by
      scattering after passing through a 0.1-g/cm2 aluminum vacuum window, various
      thicknesses of lead foils, and air. The variation in the quotient of the two
      measurements was studied as a function of lead-foil thickness, depth in the
      medium, beam energy, foil-to-detector distance, and off-axis distance. These
      studies permitted the measurements to be corrected and compared with theoretical
      calculations that assume a broad medium irradiated with broad, parallel,
      monoenergetic electron beams. The overall experimental uncertainty is estimated
      to be 1%. The results are generally in good agreement with theoretical and
      experimental results of other investigators. The calorimeter received close to 1
      Mrad during preliminary measurements and from 1 to 2 Mrad during the measurements
      reported. The results showed no detectable heat defect in graphite after
      prolonged periods of exposing the calorimeter to air at atmospheric pressure.

PMID- 979919
TI  - State-of-the-art of single-transducer ultrasonic imaging technology.
AB  - This paper attempts to take note of some recent improvements in ultrasound  echo
      ranging technology and make some observations on the single versus multiple
      transducer element approach. It would appear at this time that the problems
      encountered with visualization systems may not be solved by using multiple
      transducers per se, and that the unique advantages that accrue to the multiple
      transducer systems have yet to demonstrate that they fulfill and important
      clinical need.

PMID- 979920
TI  - State-of-the-art in two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array technology.
AB  - Attention is given to means of sensing ultrasonic energy distributions over an
      area. Under the restraints appropiate to real-time imaging of deep body organs,
      piezoelectric arrays offer the most promising method. Adaptation of integrated
      circuit techniques to array assembly permits very large arrays of small elements
      to be batch fabricated. Further, special semiconductor switching devices
      specifically designed for addressing the array have been produced and applied.
      These permit both the passage of weak received signals and the application of
      voltage and current levels sufficient for transmission without significant
      disturbance of the basic piezoelectric element properties. Emphasis is placed on
      the complete data acquisition, processing, and display flexibility that arises
      from an array capability. Operation becomes possible in any of the presently used
      A or time motion (TM), in real time B or C scan, or in novel scan patterns
      adapted to specific organs. Further development with acoustic and electronic
      focusing, taking advantage of the unique possibilities obtained with the
      bidirectional array structure, is discussed.

PMID- 979921
TI  - Analysis of in vivo volume measurements obtained with diagnostic ultrasound.
AB  - A study was carried out to investigate the errors involved in obtaining volumes
      by means of ultrasound echograms and a small computer. The work was done  on live
      pigs' kidneys (130-200 cm3). The errors include those associated with the scanner
      itself, those invloved in the interpretation of the contour boundaries, and those
      relating to the algorithms used to determine the volumes from the contours. An
      average deviation of 25.4 cm3 from actual volumes was found, while 58% of the
      measurements were within +/-10%. Computer programs allowing for the display of
      contours and intercepts of corresponding orthogonal scan planes were used to
      reanalyze the data resulting in an average deviation of 14.7 cm3 with 78% of  the
      data resulting inan average deviation of 14.7 cm3 with 78% of the measurements
      with "/-10%.

PMID- 979922
TI  - Calibration methods for measuring splenic sequestration by external scanning.
AB  - Conventional methods for measuring splenic sequestration of labeled cells rely on
      stationary probe counting over the liver and spleen. A quantitative spleen
      scanning method is proposed as a means of performing a more accurate diagnosis of
      the degree of splenic sequestration. Improved methods for calibrating a
      rectilinear scanner employing "constant resolutions" collimators, designed for
      the in vivo measurement, are reported, Clinical evaluation of this method was
      performed by scanning several patients scheduled for splenectomy. Good
      correlation between in vivo and in vitro measurements of splenic radioactivity
      for 29 patients was obtained. A least-squares fit to the data yielded a
      coefficient of determination r2=0.93.

PMID- 979923
TI  - Spectroscopy of diagnostic x rays by a Compton-scatter method.
AB  - A method is described for measuring the energy spectra of diagnostic x rays using
      a high-resolution intrinsic germanium spectrometer. The method is applicable over
      the wide range of x-ray exposure rates normally used in radiography. Reduction of
      the high x-ray beam intensity to a level acceptable to the germanium spectrometer
      is achieved by measuring the spectrum of photons scattered through 90 degrees by
      a lucite disc. From this measured spectrum the primary spectrum is obtained by
      calculation. Some typical x-ray spectra are presented.

PMID- 979924
TI  - Modified transit dosementer system for 60Co rotational therapy.
AB  - The transit dosemeter has been used in obtaining inhomogeneity corrections for
      60Co rotational therapy. A modified approach is presented which features a rapid
      electronic system for determining the average tissue-air ratio (TAR) for a 360
      degree rotation. Experimental results and early clinical experience show that
      this system is capable of providing a TAR value directly, and more rapidly. It
      can be readily incorporated in a therapy system which already includes a transit
      dosemeter.

PMID- 979925
TI  - Heuristic model for understanding x-ray film characteristics.
AB  - A simple, heuristic model of a photographic emulsion is described for the purpose
      of illustrating the fundamental physical processes and emulsion properties which
      determine the characteristics of an x-ray film (viz., the shape of the H - D
      curve, film gamma, and film speed). By means of this model, it is shown that the
      contrast multiplication afforded by an x-ray film (i.e., a film gamma greater
      than unity) is a direct result of the exponential attenuation of the viewing
      light by the developed film, and that film gamma is proportional to grain size,
      grain density, and emulsion thickness. The difference in the H - D curve that is
      observed when the same film is exposed to light from an intensifying screen or
      directly to x rays is also predicted by the model.

PMID- 979926
TI  - Digital display plug-in module for the Victoreen model 555 integral and rate
      exposuremeter.
AB  - A digital display plug-in for use with the Victoreen 555 exposuremeter is
      described. The device is a readout subsystem for displaying numerical and
      dimensional information in a clear, legible form, with both probe and range scale
      factors accounted for in the display itself. In addition to facilitating data
      gathering with the 555, the device circumvents nonlinearity in the analog meter
      movement. Minor modifications required of the 555 mainframe are described.

PMID- 979927
TI  - Calibration instrumentation used by the AAPM Radiological Physics Center.
AB  - The Keithley model 602 electrometer-Farmer ionization chamber combination has
      served as the standard dosimetry system for calibration measurements made by the
      AAPM Radiological Physics Center at 156 different institutions. The constancy of
      this system is compared to that for the Baldwin-Farmer Secondary Standard
      Dosemeter type 2502, and is based on measurements made over a 3-yr period on a
      Cobalt-60 gamma-ray source. A Strontium-90 check source is also shown to be a
      reliable standard, and frequent checks with such a source can prevent serious
      calibration errors.

PMID- 979929
TI  - Evaluation of nuclear-reactor-produced iodine-123.
AB  - Iodine-123 has such great potential to nuclear medicine that all possible
      production methods should be considered. In this report an experimental study
      related to 123l production at a high-intensity fast flux reactor using the
      reaction 124Xe(n,2n)123Xe is considered. The conclusion is that 123l could be
      made in small quantities and the cost would be higher than the cyclotron methods
      presently used.

PMID- 979928
TI  - Polynomial and power law of central axis backscatter factors for external and
      gamma-ray sources.
AB  - A third-degree polynomial and power-law analysis with the method of least-squares
      fit are computed for backscatter factor with a continuous variation of field size
      and different beam quality of radiation from 1.0-mm Al external x ray to 60Co
      gamma ray. Three coefficients are required for a third-degree polynomial and two
      coefficients for power law method of each beam quality.

PMID- 979930
TI  - [Diagnosis and screening of galactosemia].

PMID- 979931
TI  - [Resuscitation of the asphyxial newborn infant. Personal cases].

PMID- 979932
TI  - [Behavior of blood sugar, lactic acid, pyruvic acid and NEFA in premature infants
      with and without feeding in the first 24 hours of life].

PMID- 979933
TI  - [Long-term development of high-risk newborn infants].

PMID- 979934
TI  - [Audiologic examination of the high-risk newborn infant. Clinical study of 100
      cases].

PMID- 979935
TI  - [Prognosis of children of mothers with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 979936
TI  - [Intensive therapy and excessive stimuli].

PMID- 979937
TI  - [High--risk newborns: clinical and hematochemical correlations with normal
      newborns].

PMID- 979938
TI  - [Use of gentamicin in respiratory insufficiency in the newborn infant].

PMID- 979939
TI  - [CNS factors in the causes for high-risk newborns].

PMID- 979940
TI  - [Intra-uterine growth of newborn infants in Parma].

PMID- 979941
TI  - [Barr bodies in relation to geographic and demographic factors].

PMID- 979942
TI  - [Treatment of ureterocele in childhood (apropos of 22 ureteroceles in 19
      patients].

PMID- 979943
TI  - [Distomycin therapy in a girl with varicella after long-term treatment with
      corticoids].

PMID- 979944
TI  - [Evaluations of hydroxylation indices in the diagnosis of adrenogenital
      syndrome].

PMID- 979945
TI  - Conservative management of chylous ascites after abdominal aortic aneurysm
      repair. Case report.

PMID- 979946
TI  - Vaginal adenosis. Case report.

PMID- 979947
TI  - Pediatric ingestions and poison control.

PMID- 979948
TI  - Bank services.

PMID- 979949
TI  - Mistakes in practice.

PMID- 979950
TI  - Organisms associated with abortion and reproductive problems in cattle.
AB  - In 14 herds totaling over 2000 cattle the bacterial species most frequently
      isolated from the vagina, fetus, and fetal membranes following abortion or
      reproductive failure were Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, and
      Staphylococcus, less often E coli. About 5% of the total 1810 isolations included
      various other agents. Although most of the aborted fetuses had undergone
      autolysis, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and placental lesions were observed in a
      few cases.

PMID- 979951
TI  - Problem-oriented ophthalmology. Part 3. Chronic superficial keratitis.

PMID- 979952
TI  - Hemograms in inflammatory diseases of cattle.

PMID- 979953
TI  - Carotid artery anastomosis in a cat.

PMID- 979954
TI  - Hydrometra in a bitch.

PMID- 979956
TI  - A biting case & fence jumping.

PMID- 979955
TI  - Pulmonary disease.

PMID- 979957
TI  - Third eyelid prolapse in cats.

PMID- 979958
TI  - Rearrangements at the mating type locus in fission yeast.
AB  - Crosses involving the partially defective mating type mutant B102 (functional in
      conjugation, defective in meiosis) have confirmed the notion that, in
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe, certain mating type mutations can arise by
      transposition. A copy of the mat2P segment (specifying + mating type) is
      transposed and inserted into the mat1M segment (usually specifying - mating
      type). The mat1M segment affected by the insertion loses its former - function
      entirely. The - function is, however, fully regained upon excision of the
      transposed and inserted mat2P segment. At either position, the mat2P segments can
      undergo inactivations to different states of residual activity. These events can
      occur about as frequent as other mutations of the mating type locus (ca. 10(-4)
      per cell division). In certain diploid strains, such inactivations were
      significantly correlated with recombination. Spontaneous reversions to full
      activity were also observed.

PMID- 979959
TI  - Thermal inactivation of maltase and its application to temperature-sensitive
      mutants of yeast.
AB  - Three maltases have been detected in each of a variety of strains of
      Saccharomyces. These are present in constant relative amounts in a particular
      strain and are characterized by reproducible first order thermal decay constants.
      Four of six mutants, temperature-sensitive for maltose fermentation, lack the
      maltase of intermediate stability. This deficiency appears to be the basis of the
      temperature sensitivity, and it is concluded that these strains carry a mutation
      in the structural gene for that maltase.

PMID- 979960
TI  - The dependence of HNO2 mutagenesis in phage T4 on ligase and the lack of
      dependence of 2AP mutagenesis on repair functions.
AB  - A temperature sensitive ligase allele of phage T4 reduced or eliminated HNO2
      induced reversion of am mutants. Since at the temperatures used, the ligase
      mutant is defective in the repair of some types of lethal lesions (i.e., UV, MMS
      and EMS induced lesions) these results indicate that HNO2 mutagenesis may occur
      through a ligase dependent repair pathway. In contrast, 2AP induced mutation was
      not inhibited by mutants defective in the gene 30 ligase or in genes 32, 39, 41,
      42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 56, 58-61 and v. This indicates that 2AP mutagenesis
      probably does not depend on a repair pathway in phage T4.

PMID- 979962
TI  - [The development of the uterus wall in swine from birth up to four months of
      age].

PMID- 979961
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of metabolic stimulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      during phagocytosis. Activators and inhibitors of the granule bound NADPH
      oxidase.
AB  - The effects of several known inhibitors and activators of peroxidase-catalyzed
      reactions have been studied on the NADPH oxidase activity of granules isolated
      from polymorphonuclear leukocytes at rest or during phagocytosis. Redogenic
      substances, such as ascorbate or hydroquinone, and superoxide dismutase, which
      are known to inhibit peroxidase-catalyzed reactions, also inhibited the NADPH
      oxidase activity of granules. Oxidogenic substances, such as guaiacol or
      resorcinol, and manganese, which are known to stimulate peroxidase-catalyzed
      reactions, also activated the NADPH oxidase activity of granules. Cyanide, an
      inhibitor of peroxidase-catalyzed reactions, inhibited the NADPH oxidase activity
      of granules isolated from resting leukocytes but only slightly affected that of
      granules isolated from phagocytosing cells, as previously reported. A list of the
      properties of the NADPH oxidase activity of granules and of peroxidase oxidase
      activity is given. The arguments in favor of and those against a possible
      identity of the two activities are discussed.

PMID- 979963
TI  - [Improved prognosis of Ewing-sarcoma by combined irradiation and chemotherapy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Until recently Ewing's sarcoma has been considered the most lethal malignant bone
      tumor with the poorest prognosis. An 8-year-old girl with Ewing's sarcoma is
      described who survived without recurrent disease for nearly 5 years now. 5-year
      survival rates among large groups in the literature are reported, and different
      kinds of therapy compared. There are indications for a tendency that combined
      radio- and chemotherapy probably have the best results, since in most cases at
      the time of diagnosis the tumor already has metastasized or, like Lichtenstein
      believes, Ewing's sarcoma, primarily is of multicentric origin.

PMID- 979964
TI  - [Generalized progressive vaccinia in a child with primary humoral and cellular
      immunodeficiency (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of generalized progressive vaccinia with lethal outcome after smallpox
      vaccination observed in an 8 months old girl during 1968 is reported. This
      complication was the first sign of an underlying immune deficiency in this child.
      The most conspicious findings suggesting a humoral immune defect were an absent
      serum IgM in combination with decreased IgA and IgG levels. An additional
      cellular defect was suggested by a generalized hypoplasia of the thymus and the
      entire lymphatic system as shown during autopsy. Vaccinia virus could be found
      not only in skin eruptions intra vitam but also in lung, liver and brain tissue
      in post mortem studies.

PMID- 979965
TI  - [Peritoneal dialysis for treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children
      (author's transl)].
AB  - After a short introduction on etiology, symptomatology and therapy the authors
      present 4 cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. All children were treated with
      peritoneal dialysis which was repeated many times, when the anuric-condition
      lasted for a long time. Indications and the technique of the peritoneal dialysis
      are given. The authors prove that the peritoneal dialysis therapy of hemolytic
      uremic syndrome has good results at different ages.

PMID- 979966
TI  - [Hypocomplementemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a child with
      ulcerative colitis (author's transl)].
AB  - A 5 1/2 year old girl with hypocomplementemic membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis suffered from severe nephrotic syndrome. Despite intensive
      treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs the clinical state
      deteriorated. Three years after clinical onset of the disease the girl entered
      our regular hemodialysis program because of terminal renal insufficiency. After
      two weeks of intermittent hemodialysis she presented intestinal bleeding, which
      could not be stopped. One week later complete ileus developed and the child died.
      Before the onset of melaena no occult blood or mucus could be detected in the
      faeces. The autopsy revealed a severe ulcerative colitis with pseudopolyposis of
      the whole colon. In serum specimens still available colonic antigen could be
      detected by means of immunodiffusion using a rabbit antiserum against fetal
      colonic extract. Immunofluorescence studies showed granular deposits of
      immunoglobulins and complement along the glomerular capillary walls suggesting an
      immunogenesis of the glomerulonephritis by circulating immune complexes. The
      possibility of an interrelationship in the pathogenesis of both diseases is
      discussed. It should not be excluded that immune complexes formed in excess of
      colonic antigen have caused or perpetuated chronic glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 979967
TI  - [Sphingomyelin lipoidosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The case of a girl is described who was 3 1/4 years of age and was admitted of
      the hospital because of hepato-splenomegaly. In addition to this, there were
      peculiar alterations in the lungs, an increase of lipoids in the blood, a
      characteristic alteration of the retina, and bone marrow and liver cells storing
      lipoid. The diagnosis of sphingomyelin lipoidosis (Niemann-Pick) was confirmed by
      electronmicroscopic and biochemical investigation of a percutaneous liver biopsy
      specimen.

PMID- 979968
TI  - ["Lublin syndrome". A case of generalized haemangiomatosis of the skin, and
      hydrocephalus (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe a new syndrome published first by Polish investigators. The
      syndrome is called "Lublin-syndrome" after the original authors. Generalised
      haemangiomatosis of the skin and severe irreversibile cerebral damage are the
      essential symptoms of the disease. The assumed pathogenesis, morphological
      changes of the disease, and the therapeutical attempts are discussed.

PMID- 979969
TI  - [Vegetative disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Results of an inquiry of
      parents].
AB  - Many of the disturbances resulting from dysregulations in the autonomous nervous
      system of children with cerebral palsy are rarely discussed in the doctor's
      praxis. Nevertheless, they are causes of trouble and worry for the parents. For
      this reason we started an inquiry into this matter. Questionnaires were sent to
      the parents of 452 C.P. patients. 374 were answered with sufficient care. The
      following factors were evaluated: sleep, bladder and bowel activity, temperature
      regulation, vomiting, sweating, blood circulation, growth. The C.P. children were
      compared to their own siblings especially to the next younger ones. The diagnoses
      were as follows: Spastic tetraplegia 197 patients. Spastic hemiplegia 44
      patients, Athetosis 33 patients, Mixed cases of spasticity and athetosis 82
      patients, Other 15 patients. The degrees of handicap in terms of motor
      development were: severe (unability to sit unsupported) 166 cases, moderate
      (unability to kneel or walk unsupported) 118 cases, mild (ability to kneel and/or
      walk unsupported) 87 cases. Summarized, the statements of the parents gave the
      following results: sleep disturbances: 169 cases (46%), constipation: 145 cases
      (39%), tendency towards temperature dysregulation: 112 cases (30%) , tendency
      towards increased vomiting: 91 cases (25%), sweating increased or decreased: 110
      cases (30%), irregular and frequent voiding of bladder: 92 cases (25%), unstable
      regulation of blood circulation: 101 cases (27%), cold skin: 264 cases (71%),
      body-length deficit: 119 cases (32%), low-weight: 177 cases (48%), feet too small
      for age: 252 cases (68%). Results are related to diagnosis and severeness of
      handicap. In addition, it is discussed, whether there are relations between
      several of the investigated factors. The influence of the patients sex is
      discussed.

PMID- 979970
TI  - [Dysfunction of Granulocytes in Children with Frequent Infections].
AB  - Eight children with various diseases, who has frequent infections were examined
      for abnormalities of serum proteins and leucocyte function. Inborn or secondary
      defects could be recognized by the tests for chemotaxis, the intracellular
      killing of bacteria as well as yeast and the oxydative metabolism of the
      granulocytes. The defects were serum- or cell-dependent and they could be
      detected alone or in combination with other dysfunctions. Three children showed a
      reduced stimulation of the lymphocytes in addition to the impairment of
      chemotactic activity or fungicidal cavity.

PMID- 979971
TI  - [Blood Pressure of Premature Infants within the First 3 Weeks of Life (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Technical difficulties which prevented routine blood pressure measurements in
      premature infants are nowadays overcome by the application of the ultrasound
      Doppler-technique. Normal values for premature infants with respect to birth
      weight and age are reported. They are needed for the detection of abnormal values
      and the therapy.

PMID- 979973
TI  - [Perception and learning from the viewpoint of developmental psychology].

PMID- 979972
TI  - [On Endocrine Hypothalamic Systems (authors transl)].
AB  - The article summarizes under morphological aspects, the most important results of
      neuroendocrinology as far as hypothalamus and hypophysis are concerned.

PMID- 979974
TI  - [Disorders of auditory perception and learning difficulties].

PMID- 979975
TI  - [Disorders of the visual perception and their significance for the learning of
      reading].

PMID- 979976
TI  - [Motor coordination and perception].

PMID- 979977
TI  - [Management of perception disorders in preschool-and school-age children].

PMID- 979979
TI  - [Modern pediatrics in hospital and practice].

PMID- 979978
TI  - [The Restless Child (author's transl)].
AB  - Physiological unrest of children seems to originate from a basic need for
      activity in humans. It becomes apparent as "enjoyment of action" during age
      specific periods, particularly during emotional phases of development. Apart from
      clearly neurological diseases, psychomotoric unrest as a pathological symptom can
      be observed in three forms different in artiology and psychodynamics: as cerebral
      unrest, psycho-vegetative unrest, and neurotic unrest. Causes, psychodynamics and
      appearances of the unrest as mentioned before are discussed and illustrated by
      details of case histories. Basically, the psychomotoric unrest is an expression
      of frustrated emotion, preventing the child from adjustment to reality, thereby
      causing a deficit of experience, which inturn is the reason for a secondary lack
      of success, to which the child reacts again with psychomotoric unrest. Therapy
      has to interrupt this vicious circle by three recommended approaches: drug
      therapy, child guidance, and psycho-therapy. Sociological aspects of the
      "restless child" are mentioned.

PMID- 979980
TI  - [Embropathic hydantoin syndrome].

PMID- 979981
TI  - [Mass screening for histidinaemia:rationalization by selective thin layer
      chromatography. First results].
AB  - Since 1974 histidine and urocanic acid was estimated by thin layer chromatography
      (TLC) in all newborn infants in whom histidine blood levels had to be controlled
      because of an abnormal Guthrie-test. This entailed using dried blood spotted on
      filter paper to rationalize newborn screening for histidinaemia thus reducing the
      work involved. Three cases of histidinaemia were found amongst 66.064 newborn
      infants. In order to find these, 830 initialy suspicious Guthrie tests had to be
      checked. This is a control frequency of 1:80. 384 controls were necessitated by
      inhibition-zones, 482 by initialy elevated blood levels. Histidine and urocanic
      acid concentrations generally correlated well in the TLC; only 9 newborn infants
      showed results suggesting histidinaemia (elevated histidine and absent urocanic
      acid). All three histidinaemias discovered by Guthrie-test aswell were among
      them, so that in the end, with only 9 controls combining Guthrie-test and TLC,
      the same effectiveness could have been reached, as compared to 830, when using
      the Guthrie-test alone.

PMID- 979982
TI  - [About the further development of a 6 year old boy with essential hyperlipaemia
      (fat induced hypertriglyceridaemia)].
AB  - 1961 the authors observed and described a rare form of Essential Hyperlipaemia
      seen in a 6 year old boy. On a diet poor of fat food the patient has been in good
      health without any complaints for the last 13 years. The disease did not show any
      tendency to recur. The child grew and lived through puberty quite normally. Only
      at the age of 19, during military service, the symptoms of the disease were
      noticed again. When released from the military service and put back to his usual
      diet his condition normalised quickly.

PMID- 979983
TI  - [Spinocerebellar ataxia with monilethrix, typical facial features, and dental
      anomalies].
AB  - The authors present a form of heredodegenerative spinocerebellar ataxia with
      concomitant involvement of ectodermal structures, different from other variants.
      The disease was characterized by spinocerebellar ataxia (the complete form);
      curly, thin, short and dense hair, mikroskopically monilethrix; a characteristic
      face (hypertelorism, flattened and wide base of the nose, prominent nostrils,
      large mouth, thick lips); and abnormal teeth which were reduced in number and had
      gaps inbetween. The psycho intellectual development and the voice of the patient
      were normal. The first neurological symptomes were observed at the age of 3 years
      and progressively developed until now at the age of 6 years. Data necessary to
      establish the mode of hereditary transmission were not available.

PMID- 979984
TI  - [Methods and results of screening newborn infants for aminoacidopathies].

PMID- 979985
TI  - [Diagnosis of preclinical Duchenne's muscular dystrophy in the newborn using the
      CK screening test].

PMID- 979986
TI  - [Screening for mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 979987
TI  - [Screening of newborn infants for hypothyroidism using the determination of
      thyrotropin in umbilical cord blood].

PMID- 979988
TI  - [Screening for urinary tract infections].

PMID- 979989
TI  - [More recent aspects of treatment for hypothyroidism and goitre in children and
      adolescents (author's transl)].
AB  - According to more recent knowledge L-thyroxine alone is recommended for thyroid
      hormone replacement therapy, no longer the combination of L-thyroxine and
      triiodothyronin, since L-thyroxine is converted to triiodothyronine in the
      periphery of the body. Additional application of triiodothyronine causes
      unphysiological elevations of blood levels of triiodothyronine. When changing
      from the combined thyroid hormone therapy to treatment with L-thyroxine alone it
      is enough in most cases to replace the previous amount of L-thyroxine only;
      previous recommendations for the dosage of thyroid hormone were rather high.
      Average requirements of adults for L-thyroxine are around 170 mug per day.
      Children need about 90--100 mug per m2 body surface per day. -- When
      hypothyroidism is suspected in newborns or infants no protracted diagnostic
      procedures are justified with respect to brain development and its requirement of
      thyroid hormone during this period of life. Replacement therapy should be started
      within 1--2 days. The exact diagnosis can be established later, for instance
      during the third day of life when a temporary interuption of treatment for
      diagnostic purposes has no longer such negative effect on normal brain
      development. As long as physiological doses of L-thyroxine are used no side
      effects are to be expected for patients who later turn out to be euthyroid. --
      Following exclusion of hyperthyroidism goitres in children and adolescents
      equally need thyroid hormone replacement therapy to reduce the size or prevent
      further enlargement or even the development of nodules within the gland. The
      dosage for this is about half to three quarters of the full replacement dose. The
      nature of thyroid nodules should be investigated, even surgically, since
      malignancies can develop in children and juveniles as well as in adults.

PMID- 979990
TI  - [Leucine-sensitive hypoglycaemia and its treatment with diazoxide (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A seven months old infant suffered from convulsions due to leucine-sensitive
      hypoglycaemia. The convulsions could not be stopped by a diet lacking in leucine,
      but ceased after additional application of diazoxide; hypoglycaemia was no longer
      observed the mental development of the child is hoped to be normal.

PMID- 979991
TI  - L-Tryptophan administration in man: effects on gonadotrophin, growth hormone and
      cortisol secretion and on sexual motivation.
AB  - Long-lasting administration of L-tryptophan in neurologic patients caused a
      slight reduction of plasma luteinizing hormone levels without modifications of
      sexual motivation. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone concentrations were not
      altered by L-tryptophan. Short-lasting loading of L-tryptophan caused a
      statistically significant increase of plasma growth hormone levels, and a fall of
      plasma cortisol values in neurologic patients without neuroendocrine disorders.
      The pattern of plasma cortisol response to L-tryptophan loading was different in
      patients with neuroendocrine disorders. Plasma gonadotrophins seemed to be
      slightly reduced after the L-tryptophan loading.

PMID- 979992
TI  - Monoamine oxidase defect in essential arterial hypertension. A single dose
      pargyline test.
AB  - A defect in the level of monoamine oxidase activity of platelets was observed in
      essential arterial hypertension. This defect seems dependent upon a lower rate of
      synthesis of the enzyme and not to the presence of an isoenzyme, as the net rate
      of return of the enzymatic activity after pargyline inhibition does not
      significantly differ between hypertensive and normotensive subjects.

PMID- 979993
TI  - A computer method for the kinetic analysis of enzyme activity.
AB  - A computer method is described in which an estimate of Km and V parameters is
      obtained by fitting a Michaelis-Menten hyperbola to experimental data. The
      frequency distribution of calculated parameters is far from normality. A
      statistical evaluation of the differences between kinetic parameters must be
      obtained by the use of non-parametric statistics.

PMID- 979994
TI  - On interdependence of 5-hydroxyindole and tryptophan-niacin pathways in man.

PMID- 979995
TI  - The role of whole blood serotonin levels in monitoring vitamin B6 and drug
      therapy in hyperactive children.

PMID- 979996
TI  - Plasma total and free tryptophan concentration in 'neurotic' and 'psychotic'
      depressive patients.
AB  - Plasma levels of total and free tryptophan were measured in patients with
      depressive neurosis and depressive psychosis, before and after recovery. No
      significant differences were found in total or free plasma tryptophan levels
      between 'neurotic' and 'psychotic' groups, and no change in these levels was
      found on recovery from depressive illness.

PMID- 979997
TI  - Clinical and animal pharmacology of migraine: new perspectives.
AB  - Animal and clinical pharmacological studies show in certain vascular beds a
      biphasic action [potentiation and inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) responses] of
      some anti-migraine drugs, such as ergotamine, methysergide and more recently Org
      GC 94. Potentiation occurs at therapeutic drug concentrations. The present
      investigations seem to support the 5-HT theory of migraine and other essential
      headaches. In this theory, anti-migraine drugs, such as ergotamine, methysergide,
      pizotifen, and Org GC 94 could reduce the occurrence of pain in migraine and
      other esscutial headaches by acting as partial agonists tending to correct a
      deficiency of central 5-HT concentrations or turnover.

PMID- 979998
TI  - Changes in serotonin metabolism during migraine attacks.
AB  - The concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid
      (HVA), kallikrein-like enzymes and beta-glucuronidase were quantified in the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during spontaneous migraine attacks. Plasma levels of
      kallikrein-like enzymes and beta-glucuronidase, as well as urinary levels of 5
      HIAA as free acid and glucuronides were also measured. Correlation of these
      biochemical findings with various clinical variables showed that 5-HIAA in the
      CSF did not correlate with either the time sequences of migraine attacks or with
      clinical division of migraine into classical and common migraine. CSF 5-HIAA
      correlated positively with HVA, EEG photostimulation, the triggering of food and
      the therapeutic effect of the so-called antiserotonin treatment, and negatively
      with esterase activity. Urinary 5-HIAA showed a significant increase during the
      early headache stage.

PMID- 979999
TI  - Insulin secretion in migraine: influence on the blood levels of tryptophan.
AB  - The blood levels of free tryptophan, glucose and insulin were determined in
      different groups of patients suffering from headache, initially and after a
      glucose tolerance and a tolbutamide tolerance test. The control group consisted
      of subjects without neurological or psychiatric disturbance. A sharp drop of
      blood tryptophan levels was observed in migraine patients during the tolbutamide
      tolerance. Migraine attacks may be induced in certain subjects by a disturbance
      of 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover.

PMID- 980000
TI  - The content and manipulation of cognitive maps in children and adults.
AB  - Comparison of cognitive maps generated by first graders, fifth graders, and
      college students using a triangulation task revealed that the first graders
      possessed very accurate, coherent cognitive maps. However, analyses of the
      cognitive maps generated when Ss were asked to imagine either the room rotating
      (mental rotation) or themselves moving within the room (perspective-taking)
      revealed that the accuracy and completeness of the mental manipulation increased
      dramatically with age. Only the cognitive maps of the college students were
      coherent and accurate during mental rotation than during perspective-taking.
      Careful attention was given to the types of errors made, and several systematic
      error patterns were identified which reflected qualitative differences. These
      qualitative differences indicated mental manipulation was a two-stage process. In
      the first stage, a strategy of transformation was applied to the ordinal spatial
      relationships contained within the cognitive map. First graders evidenced
      difficulty here. In the second stage, more specific relationships between self
      and spatial layout were reconstructed. Fifth graders evidenced difficulty here.
      In contrast, college students were able to complete both stages of the process.

PMID- 980001
TI  - Amylase production by Mucor miehei and M. pusillus.

PMID- 980002
TI  - Observations on a case of mycokeratitis and its treatment with BAY b 5097
      (Canesten).

PMID- 980003
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopic study of the human hair, affected by the
      dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum (Bodin) Guiart and Griogorakis in vitro].

PMID- 980004
TI  - Foam stability predictions of respiratory distress in infants delivered by repeat
      elective cesarean section.
AB  - Amniocentesis for assessment of lung maturity has been recommended before
      delivery by elective repeat cesarean section because respiratory distress may
      occur in infants delivered in this manner. To test this hypothesis, foam
      stability tests of amniotic fluid (84 cases) or gastric aspirate (25 cases) were
      used as interchangeable indexes of pulmonary maturity in 109 infants born by
      repeat elective cesarean section. Of the 81 infants with a positive foam
      stability test, only 2.5 per cent had transient respiratory distress, but 8.3 per
      cent with intermediate or negative foam stability tests had respiratory
      difficulty (P less than 0.025). The results support recommendations that fetal
      lung maturity should be assessed before elective repeat cesarean section to
      minimize the risk of respiratory morbidity.

PMID- 980005
TI  - Risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - We performed a case-control study of nasopharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma to
      identify risk factors associated with the disease. Interviews with 156 patients
      and 267 controls revealed that increased risk was significantly associated with a
      prior history of ear, nose or throat disease (relative risk = 1.8, P = 0.006) and
      occupational exposure to fumes (relative risk = 2.0, P = 0.006), smoke (relative
      risk = 3.0, P = 0.008) and chemicals (relative risk = 2.4, P = 0.006). Among
      Chinese, other Asians and Mexican-Americans, increased risk was also associated
      with foreign birthplace (relative risk = 2.1, P = 0.04), probably reflecting
      childhood exposure to carcinogens in inhaled smoke. In Chinese patients the risk
      associated with foreign birthplace and occupational exposure increased among
      those with HLA-A2 and less than two antigens at the B locus, suggesting a genetic
      variation in susceptibility.

PMID- 980006
TI  - Chromosomal deletion and retinoblastoma.

PMID- 980007
TI  - Visceral viewpoints reading, writing and arithmetic -- some thoughts on medical
      journalism.

PMID- 980008
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 46-1976.

PMID- 980009
TI  - Portal-systemic shunt: finally, some good news.

PMID- 980010
TI  - The Kennedy medical ethics program at Harvard.

PMID- 980011
TI  - Vincristine for treatment of refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 980012
TI  - Methylmalonic aciduria and hypoglycemia.

PMID- 980013
TI  - Paint removers and carboxyhemoglobin.

PMID- 980014
TI  - More on cyproheptadine.

PMID- 980015
TI  - Atypical phenylketonuria with normal dihydropteridine reductase activity.

PMID- 980016
TI  - Radioactive fallout.

PMID- 980017
TI  - Demand for , and definition of, "family doctor".

PMID- 980019
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia. Clinical application of molecular
      hybridization.
AB  - The technic of DNA-DNA hybridization was used for prenatal diagnosis of a
      pregnancy at risk for homozygous alpha-thalassemia. Fibroblasts were cultured
      from amniotic fluid, and the number of alpha-globin genes in the DNA was
      quantified by hybridization with radioactive DNA complementary to alpha-globin
      mRNA sequences. As compared to control studies of DNA from patients with alpha
      thalassemia syndromes and from unaffected subjects, the results indicated that
      the fetus had alpha-thalassemia-1. The diagnosis was confirmed by umbilical-cord
      blood studies.

PMID- 980018
TI  - The intrauterine device and deaths from spontaneous abortion.
AB  - To evaluate the intrauterine device as a risk factor for mortality associated
      with spontaneous abortion, we analyzed all deaths from spontaneous abortions
      reported in the period 1972-1974. Women dying from spontaneous abortions with a
      device in place were more likely to be young, white and married than those not
      wearing a device. Risk of death from spontaneous abortion was over 50 times
      greater for women who continued their pregnancy with a device in place than for
      those who did not. The Dalkon shield carried an increased risk of death, as
      compared to other devices, even after rates were adjusted for duration of use.
      However, pregnant women with either a loop or a coil in place also had a higher
      risk of dying from spontaneous abortion than those without any device. The
      results support the clinical recommendation that any device should be removed
      when pregnancy is first diagnosed.

PMID- 980020
TI  - A role for renin in rebound hypertension and encephalopathy after infusion of
      saralasin acetate (Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II).

PMID- 980021
TI  - Acute meprobamate poisoning with gastrotomy and removal of a drug-containing
      mass.

PMID- 980022
TI  - Effects of metiamide on gastric acid hypersecretion, steatorrhea, and bone-marrow
      function in a patient with systemic mastocytosis.

PMID- 980023
TI  - Elevated prostaglandin e in idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

PMID- 980024
TI  - Standardization and efficacy of allergen extracts.

PMID- 980025
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies: an exquisite molecular brew.

PMID- 980026
TI  - Platelet activity in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 980027
TI  - Platelet survival in homocystinuria.

PMID- 980028
TI  - Thrombocytopenia during heparin therapy.

PMID- 980029
TI  - Jaundice associated with naproxen.

PMID- 980030
TI  - Creatinine excretion and production vs. height.

PMID- 980031
TI  - Management of primary parathyroid hyperplasia.

PMID- 980032
TI  - Cytoplasmic fibrillary bundles in the immunosuppressed.

PMID- 980034
TI  - Blown out of proportion.

PMID- 980033
TI  - Levamisol in psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 980036
TI  - The Johns Hopkins experience in Columbia, Maryland.
AB  - A university-related prepaid group practice was established in Columbia,
      Maryland, in 1969, by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions with the cooperation
      of the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company. Objectives were based on the
      traditional triad of service, teaching and research. The effort continues. There
      has been visible success in the achievement of each of the objectives. It is
      evident, however, that the development of the Columbia Medical Plan would have
      been facilitated if there had been a larger population base in which to market
      membership in the Plan, if marketing had been under the direction of the health
      care provider, and if the burden of the building and running of a hospital had
      not been assumed. Overall, the experience suggests that the Health Maintenance
      Organization movement has only modest ultimate potential as an option in health
      care delivery in the current economic milieu of American medicine.

PMID- 980035
TI  - Mechanism of increased renal clearnace of amylase/creatinine in acute
      pancreatitis.
AB  - We investigated three possible causes of the increased ratio of
      amylase/creatinine clearance observed in acute pancreatitis. The presence of
      rapidly cleared isoamylase was excluded by studies of serum and urine, which
      demonstrated no anomalous isoamylases. In pancreatitis, the ratios (+/-1 S.E.M.)
      of both pancreatic isoamylase (9.2+/-0.6 per cent) and salivary isoamylase (8.6+/
      1.6 per cent) were significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated over respective
      control values (2.4+/-0.2 and 1.8+/-0.2 per cent). Increased glomerular
      permeability to amylase was excluded by the demonstration of normal renal
      clearance of dextrans. We tested tubular reabsorption of protein by measuring the
      renal clearance of beta2-microglobulin, which is relatively freely filtered at
      the glomerulus and then avidly reabsorbed by the normal tubule. During acute
      pancreatitis the ratio of the renal clearance of beta2-microglobulin to that of
      creatinine was 1.22+/-0.52 per cent, an 80-fold increase over normal (0.015+/
      0.002 per cent), with a rapid return toward normal during convalescence.
      Presumably, this reversible renal tubular defect also reduces amylase
      reabsorption and accounts for the elevated renal clearance of amylase/creatinine
      observed in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 980037
TI  - By the London post. The bureaucratic machine -- Fit to drive? -- The consumer's
      vote.

PMID- 980038
TI  - Columbia -- Hunterdon: similar but different.

PMID- 980039
TI  - Man-made stratospheric change -- a possible public-health concern.

PMID- 980040
TI  - Smooth-muscle antibody and thymol turbidity in acute hepatitis B.

PMID- 980041
TI  - Hepatic visualization after 131I in patients with thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 980042
TI  - Estrogens and breast cancer.

PMID- 980043
TI  - Chenodeoxycholic acid, gallstones and vitamin C.

PMID- 980044
TI  - Costochondral pain in gastroenterologic practice.

PMID- 980045
TI  - Symptoms of clonidine withdrawal after 17 days.

PMID- 980046
TI  - CT-Scan symbols [ letter].

PMID- 980047
TI  - Unusual cause of subclavian-steal syndrome [ letter].

PMID- 980048
TI  - Cogan's syndrome and HLA BW17.

PMID- 980049
TI  - Prevention of skin necrosis caused by PPD.

PMID- 980050
TI  - Echinococcosis in Germany.

PMID- 980051
TI  - Faces and races in drug ads.

PMID- 980052
TI  - Laetrile, apricot pits, and cyanide poisoning.

PMID- 980053
TI  - On obtaining drug-prescribing information.

PMID- 980054
TI  - Adequacies of military medicine.

PMID- 980055
TI  - The new medical guilt: who is responsible for being sick.

PMID- 980056
TI  - Approaches to medical decision making.

PMID- 980057
TI  - Medical conditions in Chile.

PMID- 980058
TI  - Medicine and public affairs. Health care, science and the new administration.

PMID- 980059
TI  - Reciprocal relation between renin dependency and sodium dependency in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - To investigate the roles of angiotensin II and sodium in essential high-renin,
      normal-renin and low-renin hypertension, 14 patients received the competitive
      antagonist of angiotensin II, saralasin, during periods of sodium depletion and
      repletion. Blood-pressure response to saralasin was determined by the state of
      sodium balance. Patients from all three renin subgroups exhibited a fall in blood
      pressure when sufficiently sodium depleted, and an elevation in blood pressure
      when sodium replete or insufficiently depleted. However, those with low renin
      required loss of substantially more sodium (sufficient to elicit compensatory
      stimulation of renin) before depletion could be achieved. In patients with
      essential hypertension of all three renin subgroups, sodium balance determines
      the degree of participation of the renin-angiotensin system in sustaining high
      blood pressure. Even the low-renin type can become renin dependent with
      sufficient sodium depletion.

PMID- 980060
TI  - Platelet survival and morphology in homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase
      deficiency.
AB  - In homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency thromboembolism is a
      major cause of mortality and morbidity. Recent studies by others identified an
      abnormally shortened platelet survival and increased platelet vacuolization in
      patients with homocystinuria. When we studied six additional patients, however,
      we found the platelet survival to be within normal limits for each. The mean
      survival (+/-1 S.D.) was 9.75+/-0.94 days (normal, 9.27+/-1.06). In addition,
      platelets from five patients with homocystinuria and three obligate heterozygotes
      could not be distinguished from those of seven normal control subjects by
      electron microscopy. Specifically, no increased vacuolization was observed.
      Genetic heterogeneity, technical differences of differences in plasma homocystine
      concentrations could account for these descrepant results. The mechanism of
      thrombosis in homocystinuria remains an open question.

PMID- 980061
TI  - Alimentary-tract ganglioneuromatosis. A major component of the syndrome of
      multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b.
AB  - Although the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b, is known to
      comprise mucosal ganglioneuromatosis, medullary thyroid carcinoma,
      pheochromocytoma and skeletal anomalies, we wish to document the importance of
      the alimentary-tract components. In nine patients with this syndrome, we found
      diffuse ganglioneurmatosis extending from the lips to the rectum. Alimentary
      symptoms, constipation or diarrhea or both were present in six of these patients.
      Similar symptoms were present in six of seven other affected patients from whom
      alimentary-tract tissue was not obtained. Five of the 16 patients had megacolon,
      which led to operation in four, and a sixth patient had colectomy for
      diverticulitis complicating diffuse diverticulosis. The alimentary manifestations
      warrant greater emphasis, not only because they were prominent in the patients
      whom we studied but also because in 14, these manifestations were present before
      the endocrine neoplasms were detected.

PMID- 980062
TI  - Medical devices: sophisticated legislation after long struggle.

PMID- 980063
TI  - The cell biology of human aging.

PMID- 980064
TI  - A lawyer looks at the "medical malpractice crisis".

PMID- 980065
TI  - Specialty journals in philosophy and ethics.

PMID- 980066
TI  - Estrogens and endometrial cancer: selection of matched controls.

PMID- 980067
TI  - Vaginal douching and pelvic inflammatory disease.

PMID- 980068
TI  - Decreased frequency of aspergillosis and mucormycosis.

PMID- 980069
TI  - 67Gallium scintigraphy for inflammatory masses.

PMID- 980070
TI  - Methylmalonic aciduria in the newborn.

PMID- 980071
TI  - Ethanol abuse and Barrett's esophagus.

PMID- 980072
TI  - Rebound thrombocytosis after alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 980073
TI  - Lung function and outcome of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 980074
TI  - Dentists and the total patient.

PMID- 980075
TI  - More on reprints.

PMID- 980076
TI  - Consistency in reporting units.

PMID- 980078
TI  - Creed of the maturing m.d.

PMID- 980077
TI  - Initials and "significant".

PMID- 980079
TI  - Enzyme replacement therapy for adenosine deaminase deficiency and severe combined
      immunodeficiency.
AB  - To evaluate their role as a form of replacement therapy, frozen irradiated red
      blood cells were administered to a child with adenosine deaminase deficiency
      associated with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. In vitro lymphocyte
      responses to mitogens and allogeneic cells were restored. Subsequently, a "thymus
      shadow" appeared, and immunoglobulin synthesis was demonstrated. Frozen
      irradiated plasma, which alone had no effect on lymphocytes numbers or responses,
      promoted lymphocytosis when given with frozen irradiated red blood cells. The
      patient received the transfusions with or without irradiated plasma at four-week
      intervals and remained free of infection for 17 months. The patient's lymphocyte
      adenosine triphosphate levels were elevated before therapy, which consistently
      reduced them without altering the lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity. Enzyme
      replacement therapy may provide a way to treat patients with adenosine deaminase
      deficiency associated with severe combined immunodeficiency disease who do not
      have histocompatible bone-marrow donors.

PMID- 980080
TI  - Clinical syndrome of variant angina with normal coronary arteriogram.
AB  - We compared patients with variant angina (ST-segment elevation during pain) who
      had normal or near normal coronary arteriograms (Group 1) with 20 in whom variant
      angina occurred in the presence of obstructive coronary lesions (Group 2). A long
      history of nonexertional angina without angina of effort or previous infarction
      was the rule in Group 1, whereas recent-onset unstable angina preceded by effort
      angina and infarction predominated in Group 2 (P less than 0.001). Normal
      electrocardiograms at rest, with ischemic ST-segment elevation in the inferior
      leads, and ischemia-induced heart block and bradycardia, characterized Group 1,
      whereas abnormal electrocardiograms, ischemic involvement or fibrillation were
      more common in Group 2 (P less than 0.001). Variant angina with normal coronary
      arteriogram generally has a benign course and is probably unrelated to
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 980081
TI  - Treatment and prognosis of hemiballismus.
AB  - Acute hemiballismus due to a cerebrovascular lesion may have a grave prognosis.
      In the past nine years, we have treated 11 patients who had an acute onset of
      hemiballismus believed to be the result of an acute vascular lesion with
      neuroleptic drugs (most frequently haloperidol). None of the 11 died, and the
      movement disorders were greatly reduced or eliminated. In eight patients the
      drugs were withdrawn within six months, without recurrence of the movement
      disorders. Spinal-fluid homovanillic acid levels were increased in three
      patients, suggesting that altered dopaminergic feedback mechanisms may be
      involved in the pathophysiology of hemiballismus. Our observations suggest that
      the prognosis of hemiballismus is not necessarily as grave as has been believed,
      and that neuroleptic therapy may alter the outcome of this disorder.

PMID- 980082
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 50-1976.

PMID- 980083
TI  - Coronary turncoat.

PMID- 980084
TI  - Cardiofacial syndromes.

PMID- 980085
TI  - Antibody-coated bacteria in urine.

PMID- 980086
TI  - Control of hepatitis b infection in an institution.

PMID- 980087
TI  - Swine-flu antibody from porcine contact.

PMID- 980088
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria.

PMID- 980089
TI  - Acute symptoms of parathyroid tumors.

PMID- 980090
TI  - "F"-wave conduction velocity in thoracic-outlet syndrome.

PMID- 980092
TI  - Hew review panel on new drug regulation.

PMID- 980091
TI  - Criteria for diagnosis of aldosterone biosynthetic defects.

PMID- 980093
TI  - Neutrophil kinetics in hereditary and congenital neutropenias.
AB  - Neutrophil production and distribution were studied in two families with
      autosomal dominantly inherited neutropenia to distinguish their illness from
      other neutropenic disorders. In addition to a reduced post-mitotic pool of bone
      marrow neutrophils and neutrophil precursors, mitotic pool size was also reduced,
      ranging from 1.1 to 2.9 X 10(9) cells per kilogram (normal, 3.8 +/- 0.4 X 10(9)
      per kilogram). In vitro committed stem cells were reduced as well, ranging from 2
      to 12/10(5) marrow cells (normal, 30 to 120/10(5)). In three patients neutrophil
      counts were observed to return to normal when they were adults. In one such
      subject studied, however, both the mitotic pool of neutrophil precursors and
      marrow committed stem cells were reduced. These abnormalities were in contrast to
      studies of a patient with chronic benign neutropenia of childhood and an infant
      with Kostmann-type congenital neutropenia, both of whom had increased marrow
      committed stem cells. These studies demonstrate several different mechanisms for
      production of neutropenia in these syndromes.

PMID- 980094
TI  - Detection of intrapulmonary hemorrhage with carbon monoxide uptake. Application
      in goodpasture's syndrome.
AB  - We devised a noninvasive measure of pulmonary hemorrhage of value in the
      management of Goodpasture's syndrome. We reasoned that alveolar uptake of inhaled
      carbon monoxide during breath holding would increase in the presence of
      extravascular blood, but clearance of its radioisotope (C15O) from a lung field
      would be delayed. Thus, the ratio of uptake to clearance would indicate lung
      hemorrhage. In 15 controls and six patients with renal failure without
      hemorrhage, this ratio ranged from 0.73 to 1.5. In eight patients with
      Goodpasture's syndrome the ratio ranged from 1.5 to 16.5, returning to normal
      between episodes  of bleeding. Measurements of carbon monoxide uptake alone in 10
      patients with Goodpasture's syndrome were at times well above that predicted for
      their hemoglobin level, whereas in renal failure with acute pulmonary edema
      increased carbon monoxide uptake was rarely found. Thus, monitoring of the single
      breath carbon monoxide uptake alone can detect episodes of lung hemorrhage.

PMID- 980095
TI  - Deaths from paracervical anesthesia used for first-trimester abortion, 1972-1975.
AB  - Since January 1, 1972, five women in the United States are reported to have died
      from paracervical anesthesia used for first-trimester abortions. This report
      describes the three most recent deaths. Toxic doses of lidocaine, substantiated
      by post-mortem blood levels of 5 and 9 mug per milliliter, probably led to two
      deaths; an intolerance to or inadvertent intravenous administration of
      mepivacaine probably caused the third. Administration of an appropriate dose of
      local anesthetic appears to be the single most important factor in preventing
      catastrophic reactions.

PMID- 980096
TI  - Primary pulmonary hypertension favorable effect of isoproterenol.

PMID- 980097
TI  - Diabetic polyneuropathy: the importance of insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia and
      alterations in myoinositol metabolism in its pathogenesis.

PMID- 980098
TI  - Pulmonary hemorrhage in Goodpasture's syndrome.

PMID- 980099
TI  - Toxicity of local anesthetics.

PMID- 980100
TI  - Care of the cancer patient.

PMID- 980101
TI  - Orphenadrine overdose treated with physostigmine.

PMID- 980102
TI  - Genetic associates.

PMID- 980103
TI  - Darwin's finches and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in body size.

PMID- 980104
TI  - Nucleotide rigidity.
AB  - It is show that in aqueous solution the backbone conformation of adenosine is as
      much flexible as that of 3'-AMP, 5'-AMP and 3', 5'-ADP indicating that
      nucleotides are not any more rigid than nucleosides. The flexible conformation of
      the monomeric components is conserved in the nucleotidyl units of destacked ApA,
      ApApA and poly(A), but it is not conserved in base stacked conditions. The
      findings are extended to guanosine, uridine and cytidine systems. It is projected
      that in aqueous solution, conformations of the individual nucleotidyl units of
      yeast tRNAhe are confined to the classically stable domains in the base stacked
      region and non-rigid flexible structures populate in the unstacked region
      comprising D16, D17, G20, U47 and A76.

PMID- 980105
TI  - Heterochromatin polymorphism and colour pattern in the tiger swallowtail
      butterfly Papilio glaucus L.

PMID- 980106
TI  - Postnatal development of the synaptic organisation of the lateral geniculate
      nucleus in the kitten with unilateral eyelid closure.

PMID- 980107
TI  - Presence of membrane particles in freeze-etched bovine olfactory cilia.

PMID- 980108
TI  - Liposome-induced morphological differentiation of murine neuroblastoma.

PMID- 980109
TI  - N-terminal amino acid sequences of variant-specific surface antigens from
      Trypanosoma brucei.

PMID- 980110
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of deoxy-5-methyl-cytidylic acid replacing deoxycytidylic
      acid in Xanthomonas oryzae phage Xp12DNA.

PMID- 980111
TI  - Definitions of free energy levels in biochemical reactions.

PMID- 980112
TI  - Regenerative failure of double half limbs in Notophthalmus viridescens.

PMID- 980113
TI  - Detection and repair of single-strand breaks in nuclear DNA.

PMID- 980114
TI  - Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurones in the rotational model of nigrostriatal
      function.

PMID- 980115
TI  - [2,4,5-Trichlorophenol and TCDD].

PMID- 980116
TI  - [Radiometric determination of cadmium enrichment in flourbody of wheatgrain after
      addition of cadmium to soil].

PMID- 980117
TI  - Induction by light of hydroxy-cinnamoyl-CoA-quinate-transferase activity in
      buckwheat hypocotyls.

PMID- 980118
TI  - Transplacental carcinogenic effects of diethylnitrosamine in mice.

PMID- 980119
TI  - Antibody response and protective ability of rabbits inoculated with
      Staphylococcus aureus strain CH-91.
AB  - Rabbits were inoculated subcutaneously with the protease-producing strain, CH-91,
      of Staphylococcus aureus of chicken origin. Dermatolysis was observed at the site
      of inoculation in them. Then the lesion outwardly healed up 5 to 6 weeks after
      the inoculation. When these recovered rabbits were reinoculated subcutaneously
      with the same number of viable cells as used in the first inoculation, none of
      them were affected with dermatolysis; that is, they had acquired a protective
      ability against an experimental challenge with viable cells. Antibodies against
      staphylococcal cells, alpha-hemolysin, and protease were detected in the serum of
      these rabbits 10 or 20 days after the first inoculation, but antibody against
      nuclease or beta-hemolysin was not. After the reinoculation, those antibodies
      showed a remarkable rise in most of the rabbits. These results suggest indirectly
      that the inoculated cells might have produced sufficient amounts of alpha
      hemolysin and protease in the cutaneous tissue of rabbits. When rabbits were
      immunized with detoxicated culture supernatant of S. aureus strain CH-91, they
      exhibited antibody responses to alpha-hemolysin and protease mainly. Moreover,
      they were proved to have acquired a protective ability to an experimental
      challenge with viable cells when examined for the occurrence of dermatolysis as a
      marker of infection. On the contrary, when rabbits were immunized with killed
      cells, they presented a remarkable antibody response to staphylococcal cells. The
      immunized rabbits, however, acquired no protective ability.

PMID- 980120
TI  - Accumulating process and concentration ratios of ingested blood meals in larvae
      and nymphs of ten species of ticks.
AB  - The accumulating process and concentration ratios of ingested blood meals in the
      larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma testudinarium, Haemaphysalis campanulata, H.
      concinna, H. formosensis, H. hystricis, H. kitaokai, the bisexual and
      parthenogenetic strains of H. longicornis, H. megaspinosa, and Ixodes persulcatus
      on rabbits and Argas japonicus on chickens were comparatively investigated. The
      larvae and nymphs of the ixodid ticks examined and the larvae of A. japonicus
      concentrated the ingested blood meals up to about 3 times. In general, the larvae
      showed low concentration ratios due to their tendency to imbibe a certain
      proportion of non-blood components. The nymphs generally showed high
      concentration ratios. H. kitaokai belongs to the subgenus Alloceraea, the members
      of which are unique rapid feeders. It showed a high activity in concentrating
      ingested blood meal and presented the same general pattern of feeding as the
      other ixodid ticks which are very slow feeders.

PMID- 980121
TI  - Comparative observations on some bionomics of Japanese ixodid ticks under
      laboratory cultural conditions.
AB  - Seventeen species of Japanese ixodid ticks of the genera Amblyomma, Boophilus,
      Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus were reared in the laboratory under
      almost the same cultural conditions. Their major biological characters, such as
      feeding, molting, oviposition, and hatching, were summarized in tables. There
      were some differences in these bionomics among the species. The general
      characteristics common to all the ticks, except Amblyomma testudinarium, were as
      follows. The feeding period in immature stages and adult females was 3
      approximately 5 and 7 approximately 14 days, respectively. The engorged body
      weight in larvae, numphs, and females was 0.3 approximately 0.5, 3.5
      approximately 5.0, and 100 approximately 300 mg, respectively. The potential
      sexuality could be estimated from the nymphal engorged weight in five species.
      The larval and nymphal molting periods at 25 degrees C were alike, or 10
      approximately 20 days, and there were no significant sexual differences in
      nymphal molting period among six species. The body weight just after molting in
      nymphs, males, and females was 0.25 approximately 0.3, 1 approximately 2, and 2
      approximately 3 mg, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and egg
      incubation periods at 25 degrees C were 4 approximately 10 days, 2 approximately
      3 weeks, and 1 month, respectively.

PMID- 980122
TI  - Nomograms for obtaining a necessary, minimum sample size. II. When distribution
      of proportions from binomial data is approximately normal.
AB  - Two different nomograms corresponding to finite and infinite populations were
      devised to obtain a necessary, minimum sample size at a 95% confidence rate when
      the distribution of sample proportions calculated from binomial data was
      approximately normal. They could also be used for obtaining the 95% confidence
      limits of the population proportion from a sample proportion after having carried
      out a work.

PMID- 980123
TI  - [Dyspareunia].

PMID- 980124
TI  - [Muscular fibrosis due to multiple intramuscular injections in newborn infants].

PMID- 980125
TI  - [The importance of observation exclusively].

PMID- 980127
TI  - [Epidural analgesia for painless delivery?].

PMID- 980126
TI  - [Fatty liver in a hospital population, 1970-1974].

PMID- 980128
TI  - [Whiplash].

PMID- 980129
TI  - [A patient with edemas].

PMID- 980130
TI  - [Smallpox in Ethiopia. II].

PMID- 980131
TI  - [Ovulation disorders and infertility].

PMID- 980132
TI  - [Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 980133
TI  - [Traumatic cross-sectional spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 980134
TI  - [Inner ear abnormalities. A patient with Wildervanck's syndrome].

PMID- 980135
TI  - [An unusual cause of testicular hematocele].

PMID- 980136
TI  - [Pharmacotherapy in the aged].

PMID- 980137
TI  - [Unrecognized tropical malaria in a returned safari traveler].

PMID- 980138
TI  - [Smallpox in Ethiopia. III. Ethiopia free from smallpox before the end of
      October?].

PMID- 980139
TI  - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), an unusual and therefore often
      unrecognized disease].

PMID- 980140
TI  - [Esophageal and stomach injuries caused by lye drinking].

PMID- 980141
TI  - [Juvenile gluteal granuloma].

PMID- 980142
TI  - [Soft tissue tumors].

PMID- 980143
TI  - [Fibroma cordis in an infant with basocellular nevus syndrome].

PMID- 980144
TI  - [A patient with swollen lymph nodes].

PMID- 980145
TI  - [The modular TNO EGG/VCG interpretation system. II. Evaluation of the automatic
      wave shape analysis of the electrocardiogram and the vectorcardiogram].

PMID- 980146
TI  - [Idiopathic muscular stenosis of the colon].

PMID- 980147
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal nematode infections in migrants from
      Surinam].

PMID- 980148
TI  - [Nutrition in the curriculum of medical education].

PMID- 980149
TI  - [Prescriptions].

PMID- 980150
TI  - [Vena cava superior and inferior syndrome in a young Greek].

PMID- 980151
TI  - [Various aspects of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 980152
TI  - [The modular TNO EEG/VCG interpretation system. III. Rhythm diagnosis].

PMID- 980153
TI  - [Treatment of invaginations in children].

PMID- 980154
TI  - [Microbial liver abscess, a rare pathological condition].

PMID- 980155
TI  - [Fever of unknown origin due to Weber-Christian disease].

PMID- 980156
TI  - [The application of death criteria].

PMID- 980157
TI  - Giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver: case report and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 980158
TI  - Post-transfusion purpura.

PMID- 980159
TI  - An unusual case of ldiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 980160
TI  - New concepts in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.

PMID- 980161
TI  - The HLA system in paternity exclusion: report of a case in Nebraska.

PMID- 980162
TI  - Asymptomatic obstructive airway defect--an analysis of causal factors. A study
      involving 425 Nebraskans.

PMID- 980163
TI  - Ureteral colic and aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 980164
TI  - [Evoked potentials of the somatosensory regions of the brains of healthy
      subjects].
AB  - Somatosensory evoked responses were recorded in 37 healthy adults, male and
      female, at the age of 18-53. These responses were polyphasic aperiodic and
      consisted of 7-9 waves. The early components of the response were more marked in
      monopolar recording. Differences in the fluctuation of the latent periods and
      amplitudes were found as dependent on the age. Ipsilateral responses contrary to
      the contralateral ones were more variable, had a less amplitude and frequency of
      appearance of separate components. The latent periods of ipsilateral responses
      were longer (3-7 ms) as compared to the contralateral ones.

PMID- 980165
TI  - [United neurons in the cat motor cortex].
AB  - Vertically oriented bundles of apical dendrites in the cat motor cortex are
      described by means of light and electron microscopy. Existence of desmoidal and
      dendro-dendritic contacts in the bundles is considered as the structural basis of
      neuronal electrotonic interaction within the limits of one column. Sliding axo
      spinal contacts are described between the descending pyramidal axon in layer III
      and the pyramidal apical dentrite in layer V which, probably, serve for the
      purpose of regulating activity of the main cortical output elements.

PMID- 980166
TI  - [Effect of strychninization of the visual cortex on evoked activity in the rabbit
      lateral geniculate body].
AB  - Changes in responses of low-frequency and high-frequency LGB neurons were studied
      on anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits after strichninization of the visual
      cortex. It was found that in the group of low-frequency neurons the average
      discharge frequency of responses increased and latencies decreased indicating a
      dominance of corticofugal facilitation. On the contrary, in the group of high
      frequency neurons the average discharge frequency of responses decreased and
      latencies increased. This suggests a dominance of corticofugal inhibition. The
      existence of reciprocal corticofugal influences on the neurons of different
      components of the visual pathways is assumed.

PMID- 980167
TI  - [Reticular inhibition of evoked potentials of the ventro-basal thalamus and
      somatosensory cortex of the rat brain].
AB  - In rats immobilized with d-tubocurarine conditioning electrical stimulation
      (100/s, 300 ms) of the central grey matter, reticular formation of the midbrain
      and medulla depressed focal potentials in thalamic ventro-basal complex and
      somatosensory cortex evoked by electrical stimulation of the forelimb or medial
      meniscus. The average threshold current for conditioning stimulation of these
      structures was 70, 100 and 120 muA. A comparison of intensity and duration of
      evoked potentials depression (for two-fold threshold stimulation of the brain
      stem) is failed to detect any difference between the stimulated structures:
      immediately after conditioning stimulation the amplitude of the cortical evoked
      potentials and post-synaptic components of the evoked potentials in the ventro
      basal complex were 50-60% less than control amplitude (p less than 0.01) the
      depression persisting for 0.5-1 s. The presynaptic component of the thalamic
      evoked potentials was depressed only after three five-fold threshold conditioning
      stimulation. The brain stem stimulation did not cause any facilitatory effect on
      focal potentials evoked by maximal and submaximal stimulation of the forelimb or
      medial lemniscus.

PMID- 980168
TI  - [Properties of rhythmic discharge by cat motor cortex neurons evoked by a
      continuous current through their membranes].
AB  - The properties of rhythmic discharge of motor cortex neurons evoked by dc
      depolarizing current through the membrane were studied in acute experiments on
      immobilized cats. Linear relation between the rate of rhythmic discharge and the
      strength of current was revealed, the slope of this relation being 18-10.7 imp/s
      nA. Correlation between input resistance and the slope of the discharge frequency
      current curve was demonstrated. Two types of adaptation to current were observed:
      exponential and undamped oscillations. The relation of the latency of the first
      spike and first interspike interval to current was hyperbolic. The role of
      dendrites in the observed phenomena is discussed.

PMID- 980169
TI  - [Electrophysiologic analysis of the functional organization of cortico-cerebellar
      connections].
AB  - The influence of associative (orbital-anterior, parietal) and projective
      (auditory, sensomotor) cerebral cortex areas stimulation on activity of the
      Purkinje neurons of cerebellar cortex was studied in adult cats under chloralose
      nembutal or nembutal anesthesia. These reactions were compared with the responses
      to peripheral stimuli. Definite similarity in responses of the Purkinje cells to
      different cortical (associative, projective) stimuli was found both for types of
      neurons and their responsiveness. In responses of the Purkinje cells to
      peripheral stimulation there was no sharp similarity as it was in responses to
      cortical stimuli. So, in cortical stimulation almost similar number of neurons
      (above 50%) was excited and in peripheral stimulation the responsiveness of
      neurons had marked difference: to electrical stimulation of skin there were
      44.6%, to auditory 34.2%, to visual 18.8% of neuron responses.

PMID- 980170
TI  - [Electrotonic interaction of secondary neurons of the carp olfactory bulb].
AB  - Responses of the olfactory bulb secondary neurons provoked by olfactory tract
      electrical stimulation were studied in carp, using the intracellular recording
      technique. Spike responses in most neurons were identified as antidromic. Values
      of their latent periods ranged from 2.5 to 55 msec. In addition, two kinds of
      responses with a constant latent period were revealed: pseudoantidromic spikes
      and low-amplitude fast depolarizing potentials. It is supposed that both kinds of
      responses are generated by an antidromic spike of the neighbouring secondary
      neuron electrotonically coupled with the neuron recorded.

PMID- 980171
TI  - [Reaction of caudate nucleus neurons to direct stimulation].
AB  - Extracellular recording from the caudate nucleus neurons were performed in
      experiments on immobilized cats during electrical stimulation of different parts
      of the same nucleus. Latencies varied from 3.5 to 40 msec. Most neurons could be
      excited by stimulation of the most rostral part of the caudate nucleus head. In
      most cases responses were independent of the stimulation place. The responses
      consisted of one or rarely two spike followed by inhibition of background
      activity. Then activity gradually restored without rebound. Afterdischarges were
      not observed. The caudate neurons hardly reproduced stimulating frequencies more
      than 30 per second and retained in most cases their own frequency level (on the
      average 5-15 spikes/sec.). The results are discussed in connection with
      participation of the caudate nucleus in the origin of spindle activity.

PMID- 980172
TI  - [Electrophysiologic study of propagation of excitation in the cat pterygopalatine
      ganglion].
AB  - Action potentials were studied in nerves of the cat pterygopalatine ganglion
      evoked by stimuli applied to other nerves of the ganglion (in situ). It is
      established that most fibres passing through the ganglion are continuous
      sympathetic postganglionic fibres (not less than 3 groups). Most parasympathetic
      preganglionic fibres are synaptical on the ganglionic neurons and are represented
      by a group of fibres with the same threshold of excitation. Intracellular
      recording from single neurons of the pterygopalatine ganglion showed that
      stimulation of the Vidian nerve caused orthodromic spikes with short latency in
      one group of neurons and spikes with long latency in other neurons (2.5-6 ms and
      10-40 ms respectively). Only fast fibres appear to terminate on most neurons of
      the ganglion, and only slow fibres do on some other neurons. Tonic activity was
      not observed when was performed from intact nerves of the pterygopalatine
      ganglion. The interacellular recording from single neurons of the ganglion showed
      that frequency of spike potentials either is low (1-3 per second) in some neurons
      or the potentials are absent in general in other neurons.

PMID- 980173
TI  - [Types of locomotion in Ophiuroidea].
AB  - Locomotor movements of two species of ophiura from the Sea of Japan: Ophiura
      sarsi vadicola Djakonov and Amphipholis kochii Lutken, were filmed. Ophiura sarsi
      moves by means of two symmetric pairs of arms which perform rhythmical rowing
      movements, the fifth arm is passive and directed backwards. Animals of this
      species do not use tube feet in locomotion. In Amphipholis kochii, three main
      modes of locomotor movements were found. (1) "Breast stroke" in which two
      symmetric side arms periodically move forwards, and then push forwards the body
      and three other arms. In this mode, one arm (leading) is directed forwards, while
      two others backwards. When the side arms move-forwards or backwards, a wave of
      successive flexions and extensions propagates along the arm segments. (2)
      "Pushing" by means of the hind arm and "pulling" with the help of the leading
      arm. (3) Locomotion by means of the tube feet which perform stepping movements.
      These three modes of locomotion are observed either separately or in various
      combinations with each other. In (1) and (2) modes of locomotion the tube feet
      perform also the coupling of the active arms with the ground which is necessary
      for the animal movement.

PMID- 980174
TI  - [Coordination of arm movement during locomotion in Ophiuroidea].
AB  - Ophiura Amphipholis kochii Lutken can move with any one of five arms directed
      forwards; therefore, each arm performs various functions during locomotion. The
      arm amputated together with the adjoining part of the central nervous ring is
      capable of complicated behaviour, particularly, of locomotion. Transection of the
      central nervous ring results in disturbances of the arms coordination.
      Experiments with amputation of a part of the arms showed that afferent signals
      from arms are important for determination of the leading arm and mode of
      locomotion. The experimental data suggest that each arm has an autonomous nervous
      centre, and coordinated activity of all arms is acheaved by an interaction of the
      nervous centres. The interaction results in function distribution among the arms
      and in synchronization of arm movements. The leading arm prevails, since the
      influences exerting by its centre determine activity of adjacent centres.

PMID- 980175
TI  - [Postactivation inhibition of processes in interneurons transmitting the activity
      of lateral "descending" systems].
AB  - After-discharge depression of excitability is found in the interneurons
      specialized on transmission of activities from "lateral" descending systems. Many
      of these cells are propriospinal units sending axons to the lateral funicle (LF).
      Anti- und orthodromic spike potentials in these cells are followed by significant
      hyperpolarization. In some cells post-activation depression increased with a rise
      in intensity of LF stimulation that evoked antidromic discharge; inhibitory post
      synaptic potentials were recorded in several units after LF stimulation
      subthreshold for evoking such discharges. Existance of inhibitory synaptic
      connections between neurons of the investigated group similar to recurrent
      connections in the motoneuronal pools is supposed.

PMID- 980176
TI  - [Effect of sodium glycocholate on neuromuscular transmission in gastric smooth
      muscle cells].

PMID- 980177
TI  - [Effect of strychnine on the distal portion of the axon in the abdominal
      ganglionic chain of the crayfish].

PMID- 980178
TI  - Immune response to rauscher virus-induced leukemia in DBA mice. I. Role of
      cellular and humoral immunity in spontaneous regression.
AB  - DBA/1 and DBA/2 mice infected with the Rauscher leukemia virus developed a
      biphasic erythroleukemia. Transitory regression of the disease was closely
      associated with the appearance of tumor-specific antibodies and the exacerbation
      was preceded by the gradual decrease of antibody titer. The antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity could be detected earlier, than the complement-dependent
      cytotoxicity. Moreover, in each case the titer of antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity was higher than that of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The
      results suggest that the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is mainly
      responsible for the rejection of tumor cells.

PMID- 980179
TI  - Lung colony assay in normal, irradiated and tumor bearing mice.
AB  - Lung colony assay performed in normal, X-ray whole body irradiated and tumor
      bearing mice showed that both irradiated and tumor bearing animals developed much
      more lung metastases than normal animals.

PMID- 980180
TI  - Sacharose density gradient separation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and L-5178Y
      tumor cells in different cell cycle phases.
AB  - Optimal conditions were determined for the distribution of Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma (EAC) and L-5178Y mouse tumor cells, proliferating in vivo, by their
      age within the cell cycle by sedimentation in a buffered linear sacharose density
      gradient. Measurements of cell size, DNA content and incorporation of tritiated
      thymidine in successive parts of the gradient confirmed the actual separation of
      cells of different age: in the upper fractions there were cells in G1 phase, in
      the middle fractions in S phase and in the lower layers of the gradient there
      were cells in G2 and/or M phase.

PMID- 980181
TI  - Excretion of Dische positive compounds in rats after irradiation and after
      administration of some cytostatic drugs.
AB  - In order to verify some pathophysiological aspects in radio- and chemotherapy of
      tumors the excretion of Dische positive compounds in rats was followed. During
      fractionated whole-body irradiation of animals it was found that up to the
      exposure with 50 R/day the organism is able to repair the disturbances provoked
      by irradiation for a certain time and that within the course of irradiation a
      permanently higher excretion of Dische positive compounds occurs. On the
      contrary, following the exposure of 100 R/day after a short increase continual
      decrease occurs lasting until the death of the animal. The excretion of Dische
      positive compounds in rats was followed also after the application of
      Cyclophosphamide, cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) and Vinblastine. All these
      three cytostatic drugs produce an increased excretion of Dische positive
      compounds on the first day after the application. In the case of
      Cyclophosphamide, it was demonstrated that the excreted amount of Dische positive
      compounds was dose dependent.

PMID- 980182
TI  - Mechanism of development and morphology of secondary carcinomas of the oviducts
      in primary uterine corpus carcinoma.
AB  - The rate of incidence and morphology of metastases in 284 Fallopian tubes from
      148 patients with primary uterine corpus cancer have been investigated. In 44
      patients metastases were discovered in inner organs, of which in 17 (11.5%
      patients) in 23 oviducts. In 10 of these patients the Fallopian tubes were the
      only localization of metastases. Macroscopical alterations in the form of
      thickening and condensation, tumor nodules on the surface of the affected
      oviducts were discovered in 7 cases. In the remainder no macroscopical changes
      have been noted. There predominated lymphogenic metastases, in a smaller number
      of cases there were implantation and lymphogeno-implantation type metastases,
      localized mostly in the ampullary regions of the oviducts. More often, one could
      observe involvement by lymphogenic metastases of the subserosal layers together
      with muscular tissue, less frequently of mucosal layers, and total involvement of
      all layers of the wall of Fallopian tubes in the form of single or multicentric
      tumor nests, or diffuse tumor infiltration of tissues of the oviduct wall.
      Implantation metastases in the form of micronodules, multicellular agglomerates
      were discovered on the serosa more often than on the mucosa of Fallopian tubes.
      Secondary oviduct carcinomas differ from primary ones by their histological
      structure and character of growth. The Fallopian tubes play an essential role in
      the dissemination of metastases in the presence of primary uterine corpus
      carcinoma.

PMID- 980183
TI  - Hodgkin's lymphoma -- prognosis as related to histology, clinical stage and
      treatment.
AB  - The rapid advances in modern chemotherapy and actinotherapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma
      and an improvement in its diagnosis have ushered in numerous novel procedures.
      This is a preliminary analysis of the results of treatment of 117 patients with
      actinotherapy, polychemotherapy, consisting of a chemotherapeutic four
      combination as substitution for MOPP and a combined actino-chemotherapy.
      Actinotherapy was found more efficient in localized disorders of stages I and II,
      while polychemotherapy proved the more suitable when the disease was generalized 
      - stages III and IV. The analysis of our results has brought only partial support
      to the prognostic significance of the histological classification of Hodgkin's
      lymphoma according to Rye. No difference of statistical significance has been
      noted between the histological types of lymphocyte dominance, nodular sclerosis
      and mixed cellularity. Lymphocyte depletion alone showed a conspicuously worse
      prognosis than the other histological types.

PMID- 980184
TI  - So-called epitheloid-cell lymphogranulomatosis.

PMID- 980185
TI  - (Angio) immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. A presentation of 5 cases.

PMID- 980186
TI  - Thymus, thymus hormones and cancer.

PMID- 980187
TI  - Relation of cell-mediated immunity to staging, histology and prognosis in
      untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 980188
TI  - The influence of splenectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the immune
      response in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 980189
TI  - Abnormal circulating cells and splenic involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 980190
TI  - Laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease; incidence of complications, significance of
      splenic involvement.

PMID- 980191
TI  - Primary extranodal Hodgkin's disease; report of five cases and survey of the
      literature.

PMID- 980192
TI  - Cerebral vasospasm after brain injury.
AB  - Severe vasospasm of the supraclinoidal portion of the internal carotid artery and
      the proximal part of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries was displayed by
      cerebral angiography in a 45 year old female patient who had developed
      progressive disturbance of consciousness and marked meningism with extremely
      bloody lumbar CSF within a few days after craniocerebral trauma. Aneurysm could
      be excluded angiographically and operatively. One and a half weeks after
      evacuation of a subdural haematoma and an intracerebral contusional bleeding,
      when the patient was discharged without any neurological deficit, control
      angiography showed that angiospasm had disappeared. The scanty literature on
      cerebral vasospasm after brain trauma is reviewed. The role of traumatic
      angiospasm in prognosis and the necessity for broad indications for cerebral
      angiography in cases with brain contusion is emphasized.

PMID- 980193
TI  - [Ultrasonic doppler technique for microvascular bypass (author's transl)].
AB  - Following an operative microvascular extraintracranial bypass, 50 patients were
      re-examined by the ultrasonic Doppler technique. The findings were compared with
      the results achieved by post-operative angiography. This examination of the
      patency of extraintracranial anastomoses with the ultrasonic Doppler technique
      can be conducted on an outpatient basis, is noninvasive and can be frequently
      repeated. It has a high degree of accuracy (96%). In addition, there were
      indications that, in certain areas, a gauge could be established for the function
      of the anastomosis by comparing the amplitude indices from the bypass and the
      afferent vessels. Key-words: Ultrasonic Doppler technique - microvascular bypass 
      cerebral blood flow - cerebrovascular disorders

PMID- 980195
TI  - Lumbar spondylosis and narrow spinal canal.
AB  - Thirty four cases of spondylosis and narrow spinal canal were analysed and the
      possible mechanism of the syndrome of the narrow canal discussed. In spondylotic
      cases early operation is advisable.

PMID- 980194
TI  - [False negative myelography in surgically confirmed lumbar intervertebral disk
      prolapse].
AB  - A consecutive series of 821 lumbar myelograms in patients operated on for
      prolapsed disks were analysed. 47 or 5-7% had to be listed false-negative in
      spite of excellent technical quality. To find out, whether anatomical variations
      or a special functional state of the subarachnoid space could have prevented a
      correct diagnosis, clinical symptoms and some special radiological parameters
      were examined and statistically evaluated: 1. Distances between peduncles of L4,
      L5, S1 2. Width of subarachnoid space in a coronal section of L4, L5, S1 3. Width
      of subarachnoid space in a sagittal section of L5 4. Distance between the
      posterior limit of the body of L5 and the anterior limit of the subarachnoid
      space. Measurement and statistical correlations did not reveal any correlation
      between false-negative myelograms and any of the anatomical variants measured. We
      still cannot rule out false-negative myelograms.

PMID- 980196
TI  - Congenital intracerebral epithelial cysts.
AB  - The problem of intracerebral congenital epithelial cysts is discussed with
      reference to five clinical cases. On the basis of their morphological structure
      the author differentiates the intracerebral cyst with a ciliated, columnar
      epithelium from the ependymal cyst proper (more frequently located in the lateral
      recess of the medulla oblongata) and the posterior cerebellar cyst of meningeal
      arachnoid origin. The cyst with a ciliated columnar epithelium appears to be an
      ectopic intracerebral tissue, whose neuroepithelial or endodermic origin still
      remains to be demonstrated. This cyst has been commonly described as a colloid
      (epithelial) cyst of the 3rd ventricle but may also be localized at other points
      in the central nervous system. One of the cases studied was an epithelial cyst in
      the frontal lobe, without any connexion with the ventricle, and evolving as a
      cerebral tumour.

PMID- 980197
TI  - The tolosa-hunt syndrome: report of two cases.
AB  - The Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome consists of intermittent painful ophthalmoplegia
      resulting from a non-specific inflammatory process in the cavernous sinus and
      superior orbital fissure, which responds to steroid therapy. We report two
      additional cases to the literature of the Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome and we are
      interested in pointing out the importance of orbital venography in the diagnosis
      of this syndrome. Orbital venography demonstrates the partial occupation of the
      cavernous sinus and the lack of visualization of the 3rd segment of the superior
      ophthalmic vein.

PMID- 980198
TI  - A case of persistent hypoglossal artery.
AB  - A personal case of persistent hypoglossal artery is presented and the literature
      on the subject from 1967 to the present reviewed. The 16 cases collected,
      following on the 26 already reported in the well-known monograph of T.A. Lie on
      congenital anomalies of the carotid arteries, complete the statistical picture of
      this malformation. After discussing the embryonic origin and describing the
      radiological anatomy of the anomaly, the authors briefly present their case and
      discuss, in the light of the cases collected, the possible role of persistent
      hypoglossal artery in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases of the head.

PMID- 980199
TI  - [Malignant hyperthermia].

PMID- 980200
TI  - [Nervous system diseases in workers of a large metallurgic plant].
AB  - Epidemiological investigations were carried out in an industrial plant in a
      population of about 16 000 people. The overall morbidity was 1 241.8 cases of
      nervous system diseases per 100 000 of population and the annual prevalence of
      neurological diseases was 473.7 per 100 000. The most frequent disease was
      sciatic pain, followed in order of frequency by epilepsy, vasomotor headaches,
      subjective symptoms after craniocerebral trauma, Parkinson's disease, clinically
      evident cerebral atherosclerosis and disseminated sclerosis. No significant
      effect of the type of occupation on the development of nervous system diseases
      was observed.

PMID- 980201
TI  - [Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid oxyhemoglobin and bilirubin
      determination in cerebrovascular diseases].
AB  - The levels of oxyhaemoglobin and bilirubin were determined in the cerebrospinal
      fluid in 46 cases of subarachnoideal haemorrhage and cerebromeningeal
      haemorrhage, 18 cases of haemorrhagic infarction. Autopsy confirmation was
      available in 18 cases of haemorrhages and 18 cases of infarction. Determination
      of oxyhaemoglobin and bilirubin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid is not
      sufficient as a reliable basis for differentiating between cerebral haemorrhage
      and haemorrhagic infarction. High values of oxyhaemoglobin and bilirubin seem to
      indicate bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces. Assessment of
      oxyhaemoglobin level and cerebrospinal fluid sediment suggests in some cases the
      diagnosis.

PMID- 980202
TI  - [Disappearance of blood from cerebrospinal fluid following subarachnoidal
      hemorrhage (preliminary note)].
AB  - On the basis of cerebrospinal fluid investigations in 17 patients with
      subarachnoideal haemorrhage admitted to the hospital in the time period from Nov.
      1 1973 to March 15 1975 the authors observed that the blood disappears from the
      fluid usually 8 days after the onset and they suggest that control lumbar tap and
      angiography should be performed at that time for possible referral of patients
      for surgical treatment. From the 8th day on there is no need of administration of
      drugs increasing blood clotting.

PMID- 980203
TI  - [Results of short and long-term treatment of parkinsonism with L-dopa].
AB  - The results of substitutive treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa were
      assessed using a special chart for periodical examinations. This chart contains,
      among others, a 100-point scoring scale of parkinsonian disability which makes
      possible objective comparison of the condition of patients after various duration
      of treatment. The obtained results were compared according to age, sex, duration
      of disease, results of previous anticholinergic treatment. Ophthalmological
      examinations were carried out determining the width and reactions of pupils,
      accomodation and intraocular tension as well as side effects. The results of
      scoring demonstrated a high therapeutic effectiveness of L-dopa, lack of
      significant ophthalmological abnormalities and mild degree of side effects due to
      peripheral and autonomic-system reactions to L-dopa.

PMID- 980204
TI  - [Effect of diphynylhydantoin on the histological appearance of internal organs in
      cat (preliminary study)].
AB  - The effects of DPH on internal organs of cats were investigated. The drug
      (Hydantoinal POLFA) was administered orally in doses 8 to 20 mg/kg daily during
      from 27 to 560 days. The initial dose was 1.5 mg/kg and it was increased
      gradually. Consistently occurring changes were found in the liver, kidneys,
      salivary glands and spleen. In the liver and kidneys the character of changes was
      mainly degenerative (fatty infiltration of hepatocytes and renal tubular
      epithelial cells). In the salivary gland the number of mucus-producing cells was
      increased, in the spleen proliferation of connective tissue and congestion were
      present.

PMID- 980205
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid lactates following craniocerebral injuries].
AB  - CSF lactate concentration was determined in 37 patients after craniocerebral
      injury. In 26 cases the lactate concentration was raised above the normal value
      (15 mg/100 ml) and in 11 cases it was above 30 mg/100 ml. All fatal cases were in
      the group with lactate level above 30 mg/100 ml. The study confirms the fact that
      CSF lactate concentration is related to the severity of cerebral tissue damage
      and has a prognostic significance.

PMID- 980206
TI  - [Statistical correlation between lactate concentration and acid-base equilibrium
      in cases of brain tumors, craniocerebral injuries and meningitis].
AB  - Statistical significance of correlations between lactate concentration and pH
      value as well as pCO2 in the cerebrospinal fluid was assessed in patients with
      brain tumours, craniocerebral injury and meningitis. After calculation of
      correlation indices it was found that with increasing lactate level the
      correlation between this level and the pH and pCO2 of the cerebrospinal fluid
      increases. Correlation coefficients were far from their maximal values (+1 or -1)
      which indicates absence of a direct cause-and-effect relationship between lactate
      concentration and both remaining values. The analysis of results in the group
      with lactate level exceeding 30 mg/100 ml demonstrated lowest correlation
      coefficients between these values in patients with meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 980207
TI  - [Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the middle meningeal artery closed
      spontaneously].
AB  - The authors describe a case of traumatic arteriovenous fistula developing between
      the branches of the middle meningeal artery and the meningeal and intraosseous
      veins. The fistula closed spontaneously.

PMID- 980208
TI  - [Subdural empyema as a complication of maxillary sinusitis (description of 3
      cases)].
AB  - The authors report 3 cases of subdural empyema with different course and outcome.
      In all of them subdural empyema developed as a complication of chronic maxillary
      sinusitis. In the first case a coexistent brain abscess was the cause of death.
      In the second case operation carried out when the patient was in extremely severe
      condition failed to prevent death since the diagnosis had been made too late.
      Complete recovery was obtained in the third case owing to early clinical
      diagnosis confirmed with angiography, followed by early surgical treatment of the
      primary focus and early craniotomy. The importance of early diagnosis is stressed
      and the methods of surgical treatment are discussed.

PMID- 980210
TI  - [Pathomechanism of pain in vertebral column diseases].
AB  - The pathological mechanism of pain in vertebral column diseases is discussed in
      accordance with the theory of Melzack and Wall taking into account both systems
      of pain sensation control at the spinal level and reticular formation level. The
      action of pain mediators is discussed as well. The main pathogenetic factors are:
      compression, stretching and ischaemia. Other factors, functioning particularly at
      the cervical spine level are, most frequently, developmental anomalies in the
      occipito-cervical area and faulty posture assumed during occupational work, as
      well as injuries which may be remote in time and forgotten. Elimination of pain
      perception may be obtained with surgical methods or by physicochemical means
      blocking the conduction of pain impulses.

PMID- 980209
TI  - [Case of Hakim's syndrome].
AB  - The authors report a case of Hakim's syndrome developing in a 53-year-old man.
      Manifestations of parkinsonian syndrome prevailed. After implantation of a Pudenz
      type valve significant improvement was obtained which confirms the clinical
      diagnosis.

PMID- 980211
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of the level of traumatic damage of cervical spinal
      nerves and brachial plexus].
AB  - In 80 patients with paresis or paralysis of the upper extremity due to injury to
      the brachial plexus or cervical roots, EMG with muscular test, skin thermometry
      and radiculography were done. The comparison of EMG investigations and Lovett's
      test with the diagram of segmental and peripheral innervation gave only an
      approximate determination of the level and extent of injury. Skin thermometry
      demonstrated vasomotor disturbances in 330 patients. Vasodilating activity was
      present, in the first place, in patients with complete paralysis of the
      extremity. These cases showed no significant improvement after rehabilitation
      management. Radiculography permitted to determine exactly the number of damaged
      spinal nerve pouches and this damage was found in 16 out of 18 patients. The
      character and location of pain in the upper extremity were without any
      significant diagnostic value in relation to the site and degree of injury.

PMID- 980212
TI  - [Combined surgical and physical treatment in traumatic painful syndromes of the
      cervical spine].
AB  - Clinical observations suggest the need for changing therapeutic management to a
      more active one in cases of cervical spine injury with damage to the spinal cord
      and nerve roots or brachial plexus. In 248 patients with these injuries treated
      initially conservatively the incidence of cervicobrachial pain was analysed.
      Neuralgic pains were present in 31.5% of cases, causalgic pains in 2.4% and
      sympathalgic pains in 2%. Conservative treatment conducted in these patients (89
      cases) during many months after trauma had no effect on return of mobility. Long
      term application of physioterapy prevented only temporarily the development of
      trophic changes and only partially relieved pains. Only surgical decompression of
      the spinal cord or spinal nerves with stabilization of damaged vertebrae caused
      disappearance of painful syndromes and improvement in the motor activity of the
      extremities. These observations show that early surgical intervention for
      decompression of the spinal cord, roots or brachial plexus should be advocated in
      these cases.

PMID- 980213
TI  - [Combined pharmacological and traction treatment in cases of painful syndromes of
      the cervical spine with degenerative and deformative changes].
AB  - In a group of 35 patients with cervical painful syndromes due to degenerative
      changes the authors applied traction treatment together with pharmacological
      agents. The patients were chosen because of long-standing symptoms, frequent
      recurrences or poor therapeutic effects. Using Glisson's loop for traction
      applied to the cervical spine the authors obtained good results, i.e. shortening
      of the treatment time, and prolongation of improvement. The most frequent
      complication of this method was vertigo.

PMID- 980214
TI  - [Traction and kinesitherapy in the management of painful syndromes of the
      cervical spine].
AB  - Painful cervical spine syndromes caused by discopathy become ever more frequent.
      Conservative treatment of cervical discopathy includes mainly traction,
      kinesitherapy, thermotherapy, massage and electrotherapy. Traction treatment and
      kinesitherapy are particularly important. The author carried out investigations
      in 90 cases of cervical discopathy divided into 3 groups of 30 cases in each. In
      each group cervical traction was applied using Glisson's loop at different
      traction force and duration of traction. It was observed that three factors were
      of decisive importance for the end-result of traction: a) a proper position of
      the patient during the procedure and a proper direction of traction force, b) a
      proper duration of traction, c) a properly selected weight. Electromyography
      demonstrated bioelectric activity in the trapezius muscle and deltoid muscle on
      the affected side before treatment. After application of traction the bioelectric
      activity of these muscles was significantly reduced at rest. It is concluded that
      cervical traction and kinesitherapy are effective methods in treatment of cerival
      spinal painful syndromes.

PMID- 980215
TI  - [Spa treatment of shoulder pains at Swieradow].
AB  - The authors present the results of spa treatment of painful shoulder in 50
      patients. The mean age of patients was 47 years. Radon baths and peat poultices
      were given to all, most patients had also massage and therapeutic exercises. In
      38 cases improvement was obtained, in 6 cases pains decreased, in another 6 cases
      no improvement was achieved. The authors recommend possibly early balneological
      treatment in this syndrome.

PMID- 980216
TI  - [Spa treatment of sciatic pains at Swieradow].
AB  - The authors report therapeutic results obtained in 190 patients with sciatic
      pains (110 men and 80 women). In 115 cases discopathy was the cause of sciatica,
      in 75 degenerative vertebral disease was present. The duration of the disease
      ranged from 6 months to 36 years. Four sets of procedures were used depending on
      the manifestations of the disease. In evaluation of therapeutic effects the
      mobility range of the spine, the tone of paravertebral muscles and disappearance
      of pain were taken into account. Complete improvement was obtained in 76% of
      cases on the average. It was observed that radon baths had mainly an analgesic
      effect, peat or paraffin poultices as well as diadynamics were particularly
      useful in cases with increased tonus of paravertebral muscles. Massage was
      contraindicated in these cases. Therapeutic exercises were useful in this
      disease, increasing significantly the mobility range of the spine.

PMID- 980217
TI  - Inhibitory effects of propranolol and oxprenolol on excitation induced by a MAO
      inhibitor and reserpine in the mouse.

PMID- 980218
TI  - O-methylation and decarboxylation of alpha-methyldopa in brain and spinal cord:
      depletion of S-adenosylmethionine and accumulation of metabolites in
      catecholaminergic neurones.

PMID- 980220
TI  - Characteristics of sustained tremor induced by nicotine in pilocarpine-treated
      animals.

PMID- 980219
TI  - Effects of the administration of two doses of sulpiride on the behaviour of the
      rat.

PMID- 980221
TI  - In vitro action of chloroquine on nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis in the
      rabbit retina.

PMID- 980222
TI  - Responses of midbrain neurones to microiontophoretically applied 5
      hydroxytryptamine: comparison with the response to intravenously administered
      lysergic acid diethylamide.

PMID- 980223
TI  - Metoclopramide and dopamine receptor blockade.

PMID- 980224
TI  - Effects of diphenylhydantoin and trimethadione on seizure activity during cobalt
      experimental epilepsy in the rat.

PMID- 980225
TI  - Effects of maternal ethanol ingestion on development of adrenal catecholamines
      and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the offspring.

PMID- 980226
TI  - Central antihypertensive effects of propranolol in the spontaneously hypertensive
      rat.

PMID- 980227
TI  - The use of the push-pull cannula to estimate the dynamics of acetylcholine and
      catecholamines within various brain areas.

PMID- 980228
TI  - Mechanisms by which quipazine, a putative serotonin receptor agonist, alters
      brain 5-hydroxyindole metabolism.

PMID- 980229
TI  - Fentanyl and apomorphine: asymmetrical generalization of discriminative stimulus
      properties.

PMID- 980230
TI  - Neurophysiological changes in caudate nucleus and substantia nigra following
      morphine treatment.

PMID- 980231
TI  - Ontogenetic development of [3H]naloxone binding in rat brain.

PMID- 980232
TI  - Brain N-acetyltransferase: substrate specificity, distribution and comparison
      with enzyme activity from other tissues.

PMID- 980233
TI  - Observations on the ganglionic and neuromuscular blocking action of calcium in
      the guinea-pig isolated ileum.

PMID- 980234
TI  - Augmentation of carotid sinus nerve activity by ouabain.

PMID- 980235
TI  - Human spinal arachnoid villi and granulations.
AB  - Human spinal arachnoid villi and granulations were studied after distension by a
      subarachnoid perfusion of Berlin blue and trypan blue. These proliferations were
      distributed on almost every nerve root in the thoracic and lumbar region. Human
      spinal arachnoid villi and granulations were divided into those located entirely
      internal to the dura, those that extended into the dura, and those that
      penetrated the dura completely. Venous sinuses were closely related to most
      arachnoid proliferations.

PMID- 980236
TI  - Embolization of cerebral angiomas by catheterization of cortical arteries.
AB  - A method of combined direct embolization of submillimetric cortical arteries,
      after preoperative arteriography, is described and 3 cases of cerebral angiomas
      presented with striking symptomatic improvement after embolization. Postoperative
      angiography in one case showed considerable diminution in the size of the
      angioma.

PMID- 980237
TI  - Radioisotope choroid plexography. A preliminary report.
AB  - Radioisotope plexography seems as easy and innocuous as routine brain scanning.
      An introductory method is given which could be improved. The choroid plexuses of
      the four ventricles were well visualized in 15 patients. Consideration is given
      to the possible labeling process. Besides its morphological value, the test could
      give interesting clues in the dynamic study of hydrocephalus.

PMID- 980238
TI  - Neurological manifestations of rhabdomyosarcomas in the head and neck in
      childhood. Neuroradiological study.
AB  - Two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in the head and neck with neurological
      manifestations are presented. Brain scan demonstrated an apparent area of
      increased uptake of 99mTc in the tumor. Cerebral angiography revealed a sharply
      demarcated but rather faint tumor stain. The contributing vessels were
      hypertrophied branches of the external carotid artery, a dural branch of the
      internal carotid artery, and branches of the vetebrobasilar systes emphasized
      because the recent combination of chemotherapy in conjuction with surgery and
      irradiation seems to be encouraging.

PMID- 980239
TI  - Application of xeroradiography for pneumencephalography.
AB  - The feasibility of xerotomography with pneumencephalography is demonstrated. One
      of the advantages of a xerotomogram is that it reduces the lack of sharpness
      caused by tomography. The wide recording latitude of a xerotomogram makes a more
      detailed evaluation of the bone structure and the outlines of the soft tissue
      possible when these are contrasted be means of air. The characteristic edge
      effect of a xerogram also facilitates better detection of the small structures
      which are less well discerible on a film tomogram.

PMID- 980240
TI  - The third ventricle. Normal anatomy and changes in some pathological conditions.
AB  - An anatomical study of the normal anterior inferior part and the floor of the
      third ventricle has been made and its radiological appearance shown. Specimens
      and casts were analyzed and correlated with ventriculograms using watersoluble
      contrast media. The detailed appearance of the optic recess and sulcus of Monro,
      which has not been well described in the neuroradiological literature, is
      illustrated and detailed. The changes in the optic recess in hydrocephalus are
      discussed. Deformities of the different segments of the floor as a result of
      tumors of the posterior fossa and hydrocephalus are shown.

PMID- 980241
TI  - Subependymal brainstem hematomas: a report of two cases.

PMID- 980243
TI  - Spinal cord angiomas diagnosed by gas myelography.
AB  - Three cases with spinal cord arteriovenous malformations are reported with
      characteristic changes evident on gas myelography. The malformations were
      confirmed by selective spinal angiography in all cases and surgically removed in
      2 of the cases.

PMID- 980242
TI  - Aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus: rare sequelae of mumps virus infections.
AB  - A case of a rare acquired form of aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus
      developing as a late sequela of mumps virus infection of the central nervous
      system is presented. The experimental studies of mumps induced aqueductal
      stenosis in hamsters and mice and the four previously reported cases in the
      literature are reviewed.

PMID- 980244
TI  - Unilateral endocrine exophthalmos. Diagnostic problems in association with
      computed tomography.
AB  - Swollen orbital extraocular muscles may mimic an orbital apex tumor on computed
      tomography. In five of our patients, in spite of highly suggestive findings on CT
      scanning, indicating the presence of an orbital apex lesion, the correct
      diagnosis proved to be endocrine exophthalmos. The value of complementary CT
      projections and of orbital ultrasonography to assist in the differential
      diagnosis is discussed, and the additional contribution of orbital phlebography
      for the confirmation of lesions in the orbital apex is emphasized.

PMID- 980245
TI  - Widening of the cervical intervertebral foramen.
AB  - Case reports of seven patients in whom unusual abnormalities caused widening of
      the cervical intervertebral foramen are presented. Plain roentgenographic and
      tomographic changes may be quite distinctive, especially in a patient with an
      absent pedicle or a tortuous vertebral artery. However, angiography has proved to
      be a useful adjunct to determine the etiology in many of these lesions.

PMID- 980246
TI  - Computer tomography of the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - One hundred and ten patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were examinated with
      computer tomography (CT) of the brain with the 160 X 160 matrix EMI scanner.
      Eighty-two areas of low X-ray attenuation around the ventricular system were
      found in 40 cases (36%), particularly adjacent to the anterior and posterior
      horns and trigones. These brain volumes with low attenuation are considered to
      represent the well known large periventricular plaques of MS. The mean plaque
      volume was 1.26 cm3 and mean attenuation value 9.5 EMI units, which was more than
      5 units lower than that of the surrounding brain tissue. Contrast enhancement
      provided no further information. Periventricular plaques were concomitant to
      ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy. By comparison with normal values 49
      cases (45%) with atrophy and no plaques were found, while only 20 MS patients
      (18%) had normal EMI scans. There was no difference between duration of disease
      and age at onset in the three different groups of MS cases.

PMID- 980247
TI  - Biochemical and immunochemical studies on chick brain neurostenin.

PMID- 980248
TI  - A new method of coupling [8-lysine] vasopressin to agarose: the purification of
      neurophysins by affinity chromatography.

PMID- 980249
TI  - Adaptive changes in central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons in rats
      following chronic exercise.

PMID- 980250
TI  - Gap junctions in ventral cochlear nucleus of the rat. A possible new example of
      electrotonic junctions in the mammalian C.N.S.

PMID- 980251
TI  - Is acetylcholinesterase secreted from central neurons into the cerebral fluid?

PMID- 980252
TI  - Membranes of the adrenal medulla: a comparison of membranes of chromaffin
      granules with those of the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 980253
TI  - [1-14C]-2-deoxy-d-glucose method for measuring local cerebral glucose
      utilization. Mathematical analysis and determination of the "lumped" constants.

PMID- 980254
TI  - Improved resolution of the [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose technique and tissue
      localization.

PMID- 980255
TI  - Application of the 2-deoxy-D-glucose method to the coupling of cerebral
      metabolism and blood flow.

PMID- 980256
TI  - Relation of central nervous system glucose metabolism to neuronal structure.
      Sciatic nerve stimulation.

PMID- 980257
TI  - Olfactory stimulation.

PMID- 980258
TI  - Auditory stimulation.

PMID- 980259
TI  - Regional cerebral glucose consumption rates in some experimental states.
      Anesthetics.

PMID- 980260
TI  - Focal seizures.

PMID- 980261
TI  - Application of the deoxyglucose method to human cerebral dysfunction. The use of
      [2-18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in man.

PMID- 980262
TI  - [Prevention of carcinoma of the endometrium].

PMID- 980264
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism and endometrial carcinoma].

PMID- 980263
TI  - [Relations between endometrial hyperplasia and cancer].

PMID- 980265
TI  - [Hormonal aspects in patients with endometrial carcinoma].

PMID- 980266
TI  - [Ultrastructural aspects of endometrial carcinoma].

PMID- 980267
TI  - [Spread of endometrial carcinoma].

PMID- 980268
TI  - [Arias Stella's endometrial atypia].

PMID- 980269
TI  - Embryology of the female genitalia.

PMID- 980270
TI  - Serum and urinary proteins in pregnancy.

PMID- 980271
TI  - Initiation of labor.

PMID- 980272
TI  - Labor monitoring and fetal health.

PMID- 980273
TI  - False starts in the study of preeclampsia-eclampsia.

PMID- 980274
TI  - Bowel complications in gynecologic surgery.

PMID- 980275
TI  - Principles of antibiotic usage in obstetrics and gynecology.

PMID- 980276
TI  - The vulvar dystrophies.

PMID- 980277
TI  - Primary cancer of the breast: considerations in treatment.

PMID- 980278
TI  - The DES story.
AB  - During the last 6 years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of
      vaginal and cervical clear cell adenocarcinomas occurring in young females. A
      relationship between maternal ingestion of synthetic estrogens occurs in about
      75% of these cases. DES was used in a variety of pregnancy complications between
      1940 and 1970 with the peak years being 1945 through 1960. There is no
      explanation for the increased number of cases occurring in patients whose mothers
      did not ingest synthetic estrogens. The number of women who took these drugs
      during pregnancy and their at-risk daughters is unknown. Vaginal adenosis is an
      associated finding in about 90% of the vaginal and 30% of the cervical
      adenocarcinomas. The reported incidence of adenosis in DES-exposed offspring
      varies from 30 to 90%. Gross cervicovaginal abnormalities occur in about 20% of
      the exposed patients. The relationship between adenosis and clear cell
      adenocarcinoma is not clear; however, many investigators feel adenosis is a
      precursor. Both adenosis and the clear cell tumors are of Mullerian origin, and
      it appears that any dose of synthetic estrogens ingested prior to the 18th week
      of pregnancy alters the normal embryogenesis of the vagina.

PMID- 980279
TI  - Cytology of 575 young women with prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - The vaginal and cervical cellular changes encountered in 575 postpubertal females
      exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES) were compared with those of an
      unexposed population with particular reference to the role of cytology in the
      detection of vaginal adenosis and cervical ectropion (erosion). Several methods
      of obtaining specimens were utilized, the most effcacious of which was scraping
      of the vagina, especially the fornices, and the portio vaginalis of the cervix.
      With this technic, columnar cells of the mucinous type and metaplastic squamous
      cells were observed in 34% of the vaginal scrapes and 54% of the scrapes of the
      cervical portio. A higher incidence was apparent among those patients in whom
      iodine staining of the vaginal mucosa was abnormal or vaginal adenosis was proven
      by biopsy. Moderate to severe dysplasia of the squamous cells or atypical
      glandular cells were found in 1% of the exposed subjects. This study indicates
      that the presence of mucinous columnar or metaplastic squamous cells in vaginal
      scrapes is suggestive of vaginal adenosis but that vaginal cytology cannot be
      considered a uniformly reliable screening technic for detecting the presence of
      this disorder.

PMID- 980280
TI  - The use of prophylactic partial exchange tranfusion in pregnancies associated
      with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies.
AB  - Sickle cell anemia is associated with an alarming attrition rate during
      pregnancy. The maternal morbidity rate, perinatal wastage rate, and the incidence
      of severe morbidity in both mother and child are elevated above acceptable
      limits. In most cases, these statistics have been compiled using conservative
      therapeutic modalities. In contrast, this report utilizes prophylactic partial
      exchange transfusion therapy in patients with severe sickle cell
      hemoglobinopathies. The protocol involves the introduction of 750-1000 cc of
      buffy coat, poor washed red cells exchanged with 1000-1500 cc whole blood during
      phlebotomy at 28 weeks' gestation and again prior to term. Thirty-six consecutive
      pregnant patients with sickle cell anemia have been managed in this fashion. The
      one maternal mortality occurred in a patient who did not complete the protocol.
      Major maternal morbidity and perinatal wastage rates were significantly
      decreased. Two cases of serum hepatitis occurred. It appears from these data that
      the use of prophylactic partial exchange transfusion in pregnant patients with
      severe sickle cell hemoglobinopathies can be of benefit. Further trials of this
      method seem justified by these results to assess completely the benefit-risk
      ratio of this procedure.

PMID- 980281
TI  - Vasopressin response and terbutaline inhibition of the uterus.
AB  - A study of the effects of 8-lysine vasopressin (LVP) and its long-acting analogue
      N-a-triglycyl-8-lysine vasopressin (TGVP) on the myometrium and vasculature of
      the normal human nonpregnant uterus was undertaken. The results suggest that the
      vasopressins decrease local endometrial blood flow both directly by effects on
      the uterine vascular bed, and indirectly by increasing myometrial activity. The
      effects in vivo can be effectively counteracted by beta2 receptor stimulation.

PMID- 980282
TI  - Enterovaginal and enterocutaneous fistulae in women with gynecologic
      malignancies.
AB  - From 1957 to 1975, 43 women with gynecologic malignancies had associated
      enterocutaneous or enterovaginal fistula. Thirty-four of these women underwent
      surgical correction of the fistula. The etiology, diagnostic evaluation,
      preoperative complications, and surgical correction of such fistulae are
      discussed. In addition, a staged planned management of these fistulae is
      outlined.

PMID- 980283
TI  - Vulvar histology after neutral red photoinactivation of herpes simplex virus.
AB  - The use of photodynamic dye and light inactivation for the treatment of genital
      herpes simplex virus infections has been associated with the risk of potential
      oncogenesis. Sixteen patients treated with neutral red and fluorescent light for
      documented herpetic infections were studied at intervals ranging from 9 to 52
      months following treatment. Four patients treated with other modalities were
      included in the study. Biopsies of the treated areas were obtained, and 3925
      tissue sections were examined. Mild atypical epithelial changes were focally
      present in most specimens regardless of therapy. Histologically identifiable
      premalignant change could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 980284
TI  - Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of 51 cases of microinvasive carcinoma of
      the cervix treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy are
      presented. Microinvasion was defined as stromal penetration by carcinoma not
      exceeding a depth of 5 mm from the surface at the point of origin. Patients with
      confluent patterns and lymphatic invasion were not excluded. Lymphatic invasion
      was demonstrated in 24% of the patients, but none of the resected lymph nodes
      from the entire series contained metastatic tumor. Residual invasive disease was
      present in 9 of 47 patients who underwent conization including 1 in which the
      residual tumor invaded to 8 mm, although the depth of invasion in the cone biopsy
      was only 2.5 mm. Factors related to the presence of residual invasive disease
      included the pattern and extent of invasion and involvement of the cone margin.
      There were no surgery-related deaths or fistulae in this series; the actuarial
      survival rate at 5 years was 100%. Simple hysterectomy seems justified if the
      cone margin is free of tumor since none of these patients has residual disease.
      In contrast, radical hysterectomy may be indicated if the cone margins are
      involved in view of high frequency of residual tumor (39%) and the possibility of
      invasion in the cervix exceeding 5 mm.

PMID- 980285
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity and blocking factor in ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (cell-mediated immunity) to ovarian carcinoma
      cells and serum blocking factor were measured in 37 patients. Short-term cultures
      of tumor cells and a low ratio of effector to target cells were used throughout
      the study, minimizing nonspecific cytotoxicity. Sixteen patients were followed
      for long periods of time, and correlation with the course of the disease and with
      therapy could be obtained. Although the level of cell-mediated immunity did not
      always correspond to the clinical status of the patient, the presence of blocking
      factor was associated with clinical relapse in 14 of 16 patients. Chemotherapy
      with single alkylating agents or combinations of drugs caused no significant or
      permanent depression of cell-mediated immunity as measured in this way. In
      addition, blocking factor disappeared in 2 patients during remission. It appears
      that the chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma may not be significantly
      immunosuppressive against established levels of cell-mediated immunity and may in
      certain instances have effects potentially beneficial to the host as evaluated by
      lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and blocking factor studies.

PMID- 980286
TI  - Hormonal findings associated with aluteal cycles.
AB  - Menstrual bleeding with no detectable luteal function was observed cyclicly in 3
      infertile patients. Anovulation was suspected and documented by basal body
      temperature charts and repeated endometrial biopsies prior to expected menses. A
      sporadic anovulatory cycle in a normally ovulating volunteer was studied and the
      hormonal parameters included for comparison. To elucidate the significance and
      the possible cause of this defect, five aluteal cycles were evaluated with serum
      follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total estrogen,
      progestin, and prolactin determinations. No similar patterns of FSH, LH, or
      estrogen values were observed. No abnormality of prolactin levels was noted. The
      lack of progestin rise and proliferative endometrial biopsies during the second
      half of these cycles were the only consistent findings. When clomiphene citrate
      therapy was instituted, a luteal phase was promptly established.

PMID- 980287
TI  - Corpus luteum function during pregnancies of previously infertile women.
AB  - Seventy-nine previously infertile women were studied during the first 9 weeks of
      their pregnancies. Pregnancy had occurred either without any specific therapy or
      following treatment with clomiphene, prednisone, or human chorionic gonadotropin,
      singly or in various combinations. Serum levels of progesterone, 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol were measured at 2-week intervals. A profile
      of early pregnancy in terms of these hormones is presented and discussed with
      regard to its significance for corpus luteum function. Aspects of the hormonal
      profile predictive of the pregnancy outcome are noted. Ovarian over-stimulation
      was directly related to the dosage of clomiphene, and the increased levels of 17
      alpha-hydroxyprogesterone thus produced persisted into the seventh week of
      pregnancy. This hormonal excess probably derives from multiple corpora lutea
      which may also account for the increased incidence of multiple pregnancy
      associated with clomiphene therapy.

PMID- 980288
TI  - The image of the obstetrician-gynecologist.

PMID- 980289
TI  - Correlation between amniotic fluid optical density and L/S ratio.
AB  - A test that circumvents the complex methodology needed for the determination of
      L/S ratios has been developed. It has been observed that the optical density,
      measured at 400 nm, of supernatants collected from fresh amniotic fluids
      centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 minutes correlates with L/S ratios.

PMID- 980290
TI  - Giant sertoli cell adenoma in testicular feminization syndrome.
AB  - An extremely large Sertoli cell adenoma discovered incidentally in an elderly
      phenotypically femal patient with testicular feminization syndrome is reported.
      The patient is alive 3 years following removal of the tumor.

PMID- 980291
TI  - Laceration of umbilical cord vessels secondary to amniocentesis.
AB  - Amniocentesis has been established as a valuable diagnostic tool in the
      management of high-risk pregnancies. Although infrequent, various fetal
      complications have been reported. A serious and potentially fatal complication is
      laceration of the umbilical cord vessels. Three cases are presented to illustrate
      this complication and a scheme is proposed for management when bloody fluid is
      obtained at the time of amniocentesis. If the bleeding is of fetal origin, and
      the fetus is at or near term, immediate delivery should be considered. Expectant
      management should be considered only in the premature fetus when continuous fetal
      heart rate monitoring is possible and no bradycardia is encountered. Induction
      and vaginal delivery should be attempted only in the absence of a bradycardia and
      if the patient is able to be continuously monitored. Postamniocentesis fetal
      bradycardia should prompt immediate delivery via cesarean section regardless of
      gestational age. Any newborn whose uterine existence has been complicated by a
      traumatic or bloody tap should have an immediate hematocrit determination at
      birth.

PMID- 980292
TI  - Vulvovaginal candidiasis.

PMID- 980293
TI  - Cystoplasty.

PMID- 980294
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri.

PMID- 980295
TI  - Common misconceptions and pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the
      cervix.

PMID- 980296
TI  - [Treatment of chronic frequently recurrent forms of persistent
      blepharoconjunctivitis].

PMID- 980297
TI  - [Etiological diagnosis and treatment of persistent blepharoconjunctivitis].

PMID- 980298
TI  - [Study of combined effect of dimexide and antibiotics on microorganisms isolated
      from the conjunctiva of patients with inflammatory diseases of the anterior
      segment of the eye].

PMID- 980299
TI  - [Prevention of progressive myopia].

PMID- 980300
TI  - [New organizational forms of prevention of eye injuries in agriculture].

PMID- 980301
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of pigmentary retinal dystrophy at different
      periods after surgery].

PMID- 980302
TI  - [Certain results of dispensarization of patients with cataract].

PMID- 980303
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of retinal detachment].

PMID- 980304
TI  - [Iridoangiography in injuries of the iris by means of stereo- and
      cinematography].

PMID- 980305
TI  - [Importance of clinico-laboratory studies in diagnosis and evaluation of the
      effectiveness of treatment of inflammatory, dystrophic and neoplastic processes
      in the eyes of children].

PMID- 980306
TI  - [Sensory-motor and distinguishing ability of the eye in adolescents with normal
      central visual acuity].

PMID- 980307
TI  - [Histopathological changes in retinal detachment].

PMID- 980308
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of adrenaline and vasopressin on
      intraocular pressure and eye blood vessels].

PMID- 980309
TI  - [Glaucoma as a disease of whole body].

PMID- 980310
TI  - [Penalization in complex treatment of convergent strabismus in children].

PMID- 980311
TI  - [Dispensary observation of patients with myopia under conditions of polyclinical
      network].

PMID- 980312
TI  - [Method of manufacturing of universal ophthalmosurgical forceps].

PMID- 980313
TI  - [Dislocimeter--a new device for determination of the eyeball's location in the
      orbit].

PMID- 980314
TI  - [Characteristics of intraocular pressure in persons working under conditions of
      different lead concentrations].

PMID- 980315
TI  - [Gerstmann's syndrome].

PMID- 980317
TI  - [Case of Usher's syndrome].

PMID- 980316
TI  - [Eye pathology in 2 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome].

PMID- 980318
TI  - [Infectious-allergic coin-shaped keratitis in a patient with brucellosis].

PMID- 980319
TI  - [Ophthalmological service in Ukraine in the 9th Five-Year Plan and the objectives
      concerning its improvement].

PMID- 980320
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis and clinical aspects of aphakic glaucoma after extraction of
      complicated cataract].

PMID- 980321
TI  - [Our experience with genetic studies of glaucoma].

PMID- 980322
TI  - [Subjective and objective analysis of secondary aniseikonia].

PMID- 980323
TI  - [Treatment of accommodation spasm].

PMID- 980324
TI  - [Indications and contraindications for intracapsular cataract extraction].

PMID- 980326
TI  - [Optico-retino-neuritic changes in brain tumors of children].

PMID- 980325
TI  - [Vascular changes in the anterior segment of the eye in workers subjected to the
      effect of local vibration and high-frequency electromagnetic radiation].

PMID- 980327
TI  - [Eye prosthesis: casts].

PMID- 980328
TI  - [Effect of degree of lighting and color on distinguishing ability in persons with
      poor vision].

PMID- 980329
TI  - [Indications for section of a cerclage suture].

PMID- 980330
TI  - [Medical-technical basis for creation of functional eye prosthesis - technical
      means for compensation of poor vision and blindness].

PMID- 980331
TI  - [Prevention of industrial eye injuries and burns].

PMID- 980332
TI  - [Certain biochemical indicators of blood in middle-aged and old patients with
      primary dystrophies of the central segments of the fundus oculi].

PMID- 980333
TI  - [Method of long-term preservation of the cornea].

PMID- 980334
TI  - [Frames for operations on the sclera].

PMID- 980335
TI  - [Ways of improving the effectiveness eye injury treatment].

PMID- 980336
TI  - [Long-term stay of a metallic foreign body in the lacrimal sac cavity after
      gunshot wounding].

PMID- 980337
TI  - [Eye changes in Louis-Bar syndrome].

PMID- 980338
TI  - [Primary glaucoma and postoperative complications].

PMID- 980339
TI  - [Trabeculectomy in open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 980340
TI  - [Complications of trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 980341
TI  - [Choroid detachment after anti-glaucoma surgery].

PMID- 980342
TI  - [Activity of glucosephosphate dehydrogenase in the cornea, aqueous humor and
      blood in patients with keratoconus].

PMID- 980343
TI  - [Etiology and treatment of uveitis in patients with Bechterew's disease].

PMID- 980344
TI  - [Effect of moderate local hypothermia on hemo- and hydrodynamic indicators in
      healthy eyes].

PMID- 980345
TI  - [Mechanism of compression-tonometric tests].

PMID- 980346
TI  - [Results of roentgenographic and biochemical studies in patients with primary
      glaucoma].

PMID- 980347
TI  - [Functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal system in primary glaucoma].

PMID- 980348
TI  - [Lenticular epithelium in senile cataract (cytochemical study)].

PMID- 980349
TI  - [Enzyme therapy of inflammatory diseases of the cornea].

PMID- 980350
TI  - [Clinical aspects of axial myopia].

PMID- 980351
TI  - [State of sympathetic nervous system in children with accommodation spasm].

PMID- 980352
TI  - [Possibility of effective use of allodrainage in dacryocystorhinostomy].

PMID- 980353
TI  - [Motility of eye prosthesis].

PMID- 980354
TI  - [Content of thiol groups in blood serum in patients with intraocular tumors].

PMID- 980355
TI  - [Traumatic compression of the optic nerve].

PMID- 980356
TI  - [Possibilities of use of thyrocalcitonin in ophthalmology].

PMID- 980357
TI  - [Antigenic properties of plantar subcutaneous adipose tissue as a homotransplant
      for eye surgery].

PMID- 980359
TI  - [Measurement of the distance between optic centers of ocular lenses].

PMID- 980358
TI  - [Cytochemical and ultrastructural changes of the retina under the effect of low
      frequency ultrasonics].

PMID- 980360
TI  - [Use of ephedrine for mass prevention of myopia in school children].

PMID- 980361
TI  - [Conversion of visual angles of perimetric study into linear measures on external
      surface of the sclera].

PMID- 980362
TI  - [Case of dirofilariasis of the eye in the Poltava district].

PMID- 980363
TI  - [Sluchai obezobrashivaiushchei formy pozdnego vrozhdennogo sifilisa].

PMID- 980364
TI  - Electron microscopic observations on rat epidermis during experimental
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - Early ultrastructural changes and their progressive evolution were studied in rat
      epidermis following topical application of carcinogen (3-methylcholanthrene) and
      were compared to ultrastructural features of fully developed tumors (sebaceous
      epithelioma and basal cell epithelioma) in animals of the same group. Similar
      cytologic alterations were found, such as a marked increase in free ribosomes and
      polysomes, extensive endoplasmic reticulum, considerable increase of
      mitochondria, and dilated intercellular spaces, occupied by cytoplasmic
      projections. Predominance of dark cells, considered by us to be only
      phenotypically different from normal (light) cells, was also observed. A two
      stage or multiple-stage of neoplastic evolution was suggested.

PMID- 980365
TI  - Carcinogenicity of Benzo(a)pyrene and dusts in the hamster lung (instilled
      intratracheally with titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, carbon and ferric oxide).
AB  - The possible carcinogenic or fibrogenic effects of intratracheal instillation of
      a polycyclic hydrocarbon, benzo(a) pyrene (B(a)P), alone or in combination with
      several dusts - titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), carbon (C), and
      ferric oxide (Fe3O3) - were investigated in hamsters. When administered alone,
      the dusts induced interstitial cell proliferation, bronchial epithelial
      alterations and a few granulomatous changes in the pulmonary system, but no
      tumors. B(a)P alone induced only two tracheal papillomas. However, combined
      treatment with B(a)P and the dusts caused a number of tumors, dependent upon the
      dust used. B(a)P plus TiO2 in a small particle size (below 0.5mu) induced
      papillomas, squamous cell carcinomas and a few adenomas and adenocarcinomas of
      the larynx, trachea and lungs. These were morpholoigcally similar to neoplasms
      found after B(a)P and Fe2O3 treatment. B(a)P, combined with C or Al2O3, induced
      mainly laryngeal and tracheal papillomas. B(a)P- and C-treated hamsters also
      showed a few lung adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 980366
TI  - Methodoloigcal study on examiniation of primary tumors of the respiratory tract
      "in toto" and histologically.
AB  - The results of histological evaluation of DENA-induced tracheobronchial tumors in
      the Syrian golden hamster are described and compared with those of an in toto
      method of visualization. In 55 animals, roughly twice as many tumors were
      detected in the lungs in the in toto preparation as those found by the
      histological technique [92:42]. The examiniation of the respiratory tract, as a
      whole, would consequently appear to afford an efficient and economical means of
      quantifying the effects of, for instance, chemotherapeutic agents in the growth
      of such tumors, which can subsequently be complemented, especially in the
      qualitative sense, by histological techniques.

PMID- 980367
TI  - Skeletal metastases in pancreatic carcinoma: study by isotopic bone scanning.
AB  - A review of the literature of 2,155 reported patients with primary carcinoma of
      the pancreas, revealed 110 cases or 5% to have skeletal metastasis by
      radiographic or autopsy study. A study conducted over a 2 year period disclosed
      that 1 case of skeletal metastasis was detected by bone scanning in 16 patients
      with pancreatic carcinoma. This indicates a minimum skeletal metastasis rate of
      6%. We feel these percentages are low and can be further defined by the more
      routine employment of the bone scan to evaluate patients with carcinoma of the
      pancreas. The true figure may be much higher, perhaps as high as 20%.

PMID- 980368
TI  - Chemical carcinogens in the human environment; problems and quantitative aspects.
AB  - A short review on environmental carcinogenesis by chemicals is given. Problems
      related with the determination of carcinogenicity of chemicals are mentioned.
      Some critical factors in the monitoring of environmental carcinogens are
      discussed in relation to a quantification of human exposure to such compounds. An
      attempt at risk evaluation is made for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, vinyl
      chloride, N-nitroso compounds and aflatoxins. It is concluded that there is a
      "threshold dose" for individual carcinogens that does not lead to tumor induction
      within the normal life span. The probability of multifactorial cause of human
      cancer by environmental carcinogens, however, does not allow the definition of
      "safe" levels of such compounds in view of syncarcinogenic and other enhancing
      and/or modifying effects.

PMID- 980369
TI  - Evaluation of environmental carcinogens for cancer in man.
AB  - The problem of the presence of carcinogens in the environment has become of
      considerable concern to the public, as it has been to the biomedical community
      for some time. The burden of identifying carcinogenic agents and determining
      threshold levels, if they exist, falls upon the scientific community. Particular
      care must be exercised in the design, conduct and analysis of experiments
      directed toward the identification of carcinogens. The data generated from such
      tests provides the basis for regulatory decisions by governmental authorities.
      The advice provided by scientists must be based on sound data. There have been
      instances, however, and there will be others, in which biological variability and
      the limits of sensitivity of our tests will give equivocal results. It is the
      duty of scientists to bring such uncertainties to the attention of the public
      while working towards the development of more sensitive and precise techniques.

PMID- 980370
TI  - Mathematical aspects of dose-response studies in carcinogenesis--the concept of
      thresholds.
AB  - Many of the previously proposed theories of carcinogenesis which relate the
      exposure level of a carcinogen to expected tumor response, are summarized and it
      is pointed out that these theories assume the existence of no threshold level. A
      modification of the one-hit carcinogenic model which would incorporate a
      threshold, is proposed along with a generalization to variable thresholds over
      the population at risk. The statistical problems of discriminating between
      threshold and non-threshold models from experimental bioassay data are discussed
      and an example is given.

PMID- 980371
TI  - Some examples of dose-response studies in chemical carcinogenesis.
AB  - Three studies of DRUCKREY and his group, on diethylnitrosamine and 4
      dimethylaminostilbene, are described. In a recent experiment, urethane was given
      chronically to rats and mice, at doses between 100 and 12,500 mug/kg/day. The
      results in rats were evaluated with the Mantel-Bryan procedure; risk estimates
      greatly differed, depending on the slope used for calculation.

PMID- 980372
TI  - Repair excision of alkylated bases from DNA in vivo.
AB  - Recent experiments are reviewed which indicate that O6-alkylation of guanine in
      nuclear DNA constitutes a promutagenic lesion possibly implicated in malignant
      transformation by monofunctional alkylating carcinogens. The differential
      capacity of various organs to enzymically excise O6-alkylguanine from their DNA
      seems to correlate with the organ specificity of the carcinogenic effect.

PMID- 980373
TI  - Technique of combined lid and medial canthus reconstruction.
AB  - Standard lid reconstruction techniques (sliding flaps or tarsoconjunctival
      grafts) may be combined with the Laissez-Faire treatment of large medial canthal
      defects. Using this methods, satisfactory results were achieved in three cases in
      which it was necessary to excise both a large portion of an eyelid and the
      adjacent medial canthus.

PMID- 980374
TI  - The management of early lacrimal tube complications.
AB  - The introduction of a closed loop of suture material through the Jones lacrimal
      tube, the DCR opening, and the nose at the time of surgery, facilitates the
      management of early postoperative complications in conjunctivo
      dacrocystorhinostomy.

PMID- 980375
TI  - Traumatic hyphema: treatment of secondary hemorrhage with cyclodiathermy.
AB  - Four patients were treated with diathermy applications to the ciliary body for
      recurrent hemorrhage and elevated intraocular pressure following traumatic
      hyphema. In all cases, the hemorrhage and intraocular pressure were controlled
      without major complications. Indications for use of diathermy include a patient
      with recurrent secondary hemorrhage or a clotted hyphema, with elevated
      intraocular pressure or corneal blood-staining, in whom a site of bleeding can be
      identified during surgical intervention.

PMID- 980376
TI  - The prognosis of penetrating keratoplasty based upon corneal morphology.
AB  - In this paper, the author has attempted to express the prognosis for successful
      penetrating keratoplasty based upon a morphological classification of corneal
      disease. Four groups have been designated with their basic prognosis ranging from
      excellent to poor. The importance of appraising the diseased cornea in the area
      of its optimal recipient zone has been stressed. Ancillary factors adversely
      affecting the estimated final prognosis of keratoplasty have been considered,
      with emphasis upon the importance of glaucoma, lid function, tear film, ocular
      inflammation and patient compliance. Not only is it important for the surgeon to
      appraise the chance of successful surgery, but it is essential for the patient to
      be informed in advance regarding the probability for successful surgery and the
      need to comply with sometimes demanding requirements of postoperative care.

PMID- 980377
TI  - Intraocular irritation evaluation of benzalkonium chloride in rabbits.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to define the threshold for intraocular irritation
      of benzalkonium chloride, a preservative used in some formulations which enter
      the anterior segment of the eye during ocular surgery. Various concentrations of
      benzalkonium were injected into anterior chambers of albino rabbit eyes.
      Conjunctivitis, flare, iritis, and corneal changes occurred in a dose response
      pattern. The threshold of irritation was 0.03%, with highest nonirritating
      concentration being 0.01%. In other works in this laboratory, threshold of
      irritation for topical ocular benzalkonium was 0.05%, but the nature of ocular
      changes was less substantial than those observed intraocularly. Because the
      threshold for intraocular irritation is less than that topically, the nature of
      ocular changes was different for two routes, and there is a paucity of clinical
      data for intraocular benzalkonium chloride, a safety factor of 10 was utilized in
      setting the highest safe concentration of 0.001% for intraocular use. The
      preservative efficacy of 0.001% is questionable; therefore, we cannot endorse
      benzalkonium chloride as a preservative for formulations which will enter the
      anterior segment of the eye.

PMID- 980378
TI  - Phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis: echographic diagnosis of phacoanaphylactic
      endophthalmitis.
AB  - A sixty-year-old black diabetic female developed a severe postoperative
      endophthalmitis eight days after unplanned extracapsular cataract surgery. Gram
      stain of a diagnostic vitreous aspirate showed no organisms, and culture of the
      aspirate was negative for bacteria and fungi. A- and B-scan ultrasonography
      showed the presence of intra-vitreal lens fragments; the diagnosis of
      phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis was made and intensive steroid therapy was
      instituted early in the course of the disease. Resorption of the lens fragments
      in association with gradual diminution of the inflammatory process was documented
      by serial echograms of the eye. The vitreous ultimately cleared and the patient
      regained useful vision. Ultrasonography is recommended as an essential part of
      the diagnostic evaluation of any patient with postoperative endophthalmitis
      especially with a history of extracapsular surgery.

PMID- 980379
TI  - Unusual presentation of phacoanaphylaxis following phacoemulsification.
AB  - A case of phacoanaphylaxis following phacoemulsification is presented. The
      unusual features of the disease included the markedly delayed onset and the
      clinical appearance of the hypopyon. Emphasis is placed on the cytologic
      examination of anterior chamber aspirate in such cases.

PMID- 980380
TI  - Pitfalls in the determination of intraocular lens power without ultrasound.
AB  - The rule is simple: An 18 diopter intraocular lens tends to restore the basic
      refraction. For each diopter of basic refraction to be corrected add or subtract
      1.25 diopters. To determine the basic refraction a careful history and an
      examination of old glasses and past refraction records is necessary. When the
      basic refraction cannot be ascertained, capital errors may occur. Given the basic
      refraction, errors or several diopters are still apt to occur. Calculation of
      intraocular lens power based on K-readings and ultrasonic measurements is
      therefore always advisable and a must when there is doubt about the basic
      refraction.

PMID- 980381
TI  - Monocular aphakia and contralateral pseudophakia.
AB  - The implanatation of an intraocular lens into the contralateral eye of non
      implanted monocular aphakic patients is reviewed. The specific indications,
      contraindications, and advantages are discussed. The results of a series of 31
      cases are presented and analyzed. The generally good results and specific
      advantages of this technique, when utilized under proper conditions, indicate
      that it merits inclusion in the ever expanding spectrum of options available to
      the modern cataract surgeon.

PMID- 980382
TI  - The efficacy of general anesthesia for cataract surgery.
AB  - This is a report of 259 consecutive cataract extractions performed under general
      anesthesia over a two-year period. The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 93
      with an average of 71. The purpose of this paper is to reiterate the safety of
      modern general anesthesia for cataract extraction in the elderly, and to
      demonstrate it can provide a very soft eye in a completely immobilized patient.
      It offers the most ideal conditions to the surgeon for lens extraction and
      careful wound closure without the necessity of retrobulbar block, digital massage
      or osmotic agents.

PMID- 980383
TI  - Combined cataract extraction and thermal sclerostomy versus combined cataract
      extraction and trabeculectomy.
AB  - We performed either a combined cataract extraction and trabeculectomy or a
      combined cataract extraction and thermal sclerostomy on 43 eyes. All eyes had
      chronic open angle glaucoma or chronic angle closure glaucoma, or a combination
      of the two. In our cataract/trabeculectomy group, 74% had improvement in visual
      acuity, 91% had normalized intraocular pressure without anti-glaucoma
      medications, 31% had transient postoperative hyphemas. In our cataract/thermal
      sclerostomy group, 61% had improvement in visual acuity, 61% had normalization of
      intraocular pressures without antiglaucoma medications, 17% had transient
      postoperative hyphemas. We could not correlate any of the complications of
      surgery with poor intraocular pressure results in either groups. The mechanism
      for the higher success rate with a combined cataract extraction and
      trabeculectomy as compared with a combined cataract extraction and thermal
      sclerostomy was not obvious after analyzing these patients.

PMID- 980384
TI  - Wide-angle cutter vitrophage.
AB  - A wide-angle cutter vitrophage facilitates removal of semi-solid or thick
      retropupillary membranes. The cutting orifice permits engagement of inflexible
      material which is then cut and removed via the instrument. The wide-angle cutter
      has successfully removed thick secondary membranes and expedites pars plana
      removal of cataracts with 2+ nuclear sclerosis.

PMID- 980385
TI  - The use of solid soft silicone rubber exoplants in retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - A method of retinal detachment surgery utilizing soft solid silicone rubber
      exoplants is described along with its use in typical cases. Solid silicone
      rubber, long used as a scleral implant, is a well-tolerated exoplant scleral
      buckling material which has been found to provide excellent long-term results.
      The surgical procedure described is relatively short in duration and has a
      minimum of operative and postoperative complications.

PMID- 980386
TI  - Diagnosis of malignant ocular tumours with radioactive phosphorus (32P).

PMID- 980387
TI  - Residual astigmatism in wearers of contact lenses.

PMID- 980388
TI  - Advanced surgery in malignant exophthalmos.

PMID- 980389
TI  - Ischaemic optic neuropathy.

PMID- 980391
TI  - Macular oedema after intra-ocular lens implantation.

PMID- 980390
TI  - Fundus changes in primary hyperlipaemia.
AB  - The retinal vascular change described for two relatively young men and initially
      diagnosed as arteritis retinalis but subsequently regarded as an analogue of
      retinal lipaemia stresses the importance of biochemical exploration for a
      possible disturbance in the fat metabolism in unclear cases of retinal
      vasculopathy. If a disturbance in the fat metabolism is found, rational therapy
      will lead to disappearance of the vascular mural changes.

PMID- 980393
TI  - Central retinopathy.

PMID- 980392
TI  - Macular changes caused by occlusion of a minute venous branch.

PMID- 980394
TI  - Demonstration of an optical instrument for refined perimetry.

PMID- 980395
TI  - Automation of perimetry: the scoperimeter.

PMID- 980396
TI  - Differentiation of the various forms of optic nerve atrophy. Possibilities of
      fluorescence angiography.

PMID- 980397
TI  - Low-vision aids.

PMID- 980398
TI  - Tapetum lucidum in a carrier of X-chromosomal atrophia retinae pigmentosa.

PMID- 980399
TI  - Exophthalmos due to malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 980400
TI  - Lactoferrin and the protective function of the lacrimal fluid.

PMID- 980401
TI  - Cytostatics in the treatment of chronic cyclitis ('pars-planitis').

PMID- 980402
TI  - Congenital teratoma of the orbit.

PMID- 980403
TI  - Xeroderma pigmentosum with ophthalmological symptoms.

PMID- 980404
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of IVth cranial nerve paralysis.

PMID- 980405
TI  - Xerophthalmia and measles in East Africa.

PMID- 980406
TI  - Microstrabismus.

PMID- 980407
TI  - Staphyloma corneae in East Africa.

PMID- 980408
TI  - Factors influencing the development of glaucomatous excavation.

PMID- 980409
TI  - Examination of young children with impaired vision.

PMID- 980410
TI  - Experimental studies on the relationships between eye growth and skull growth.

PMID- 980411
TI  - Endocrine influences on the refraction of the eyes of young rats.

PMID- 980412
TI  - Pyridoxine deficiency and the conjunctiva.

PMID- 980413
TI  - Screening of young children.

PMID- 980414
TI  - Detrimental results with the common inflared shoe: clinical questioning of a
      historic alignment concept.
AB  - The detrimental results of shoe use manifested both in the foot and in footwear
      were studied and found to support earlier views that inflared alignment is a
      significant factor in foot damage. Mechanical implications of alignment also
      confirmed our impression that the inflared alignment is a deleterious influence.
      Absence of conclusive physiologic evidence justifying inflaring and the death of
      end results from use of standard straight last footwear for comparative
      evaluation suggest that further inquiry regarding this feature is warranted, with
      view to its elimination.

PMID- 980415
TI  - The effectiveness of shoe modifications for intoeing.
AB  - Shoe wedges have no immediate clinically significant effect on the angle of gait
      in children. The circular Torqheel was found to be more effetive, but still
      corrected only a quarter of the apparent rotatory deformity during gait.

PMID- 980416
TI  - The human bicycle: an ultimate biological convenience.

PMID- 980417
TI  - Toe disorders and plantar warts.

PMID- 980418
TI  - Operative incisions involving the foot.

PMID- 980419
TI  - Metatarsus varus corrected by open wedge osteotomy of the first cuneiform bone.
AB  - The persistence of metatarsus adductus varus has been a problem in management. We
      have treated a series of selected patients with this problem and believe that our
      results have been better than with the procedure we have used in the past. Fowler
      has described a procedure which seems ideal for the patients in our series.
      Through personal communication the procedure and its application were discussed
      and the series was started eight years ago. Our series is small because our
      patients are responding to other forms of treatment at an earlier age. The few
      that do not respond are now considered for the operation described. The procedure
      is relatively simple to perform. Full correction should be obtained at the time
      of surgery. Casting is utilized to hold the correction and immobilize the
      extremity for healing. Our unsatisfactory results occurred because of errors in
      technique or poor selection of patients. We believe that this procedure should be
      considered in the older patient with metatarsus varus.

PMID- 980420
TI  - The Stone operation: a clinical review of seven years' experience.
AB  - A series of 46 patients who underwent 78 first metatarso-phalangeal operations is
      reported. The procedure for the Stone operation is detailed. The Stone operation
      is a satisfactory procedure in the surgical treatment of hallux valgus and hallux
      rigidus.

PMID- 980421
TI  - Bunionette correction by metatarsal osteotomy: preliminary report.
AB  - A preliminary report is presented of 17 patients who underwent 27 fifth
      metatarsal osteotomies. Oblique osteotomy without internal fixation was used.
      Union of the osteotomy without external immobilization occurred in 16 of the
      patients. Correction was effected in a case of delayed union in one foot because
      it was symptomatic. Improvement and normal function were the result in 26 of the
      27 osteotomies. Delayed union did not seem to mean failure of relief. No painful
      scars occurred.

PMID- 980422
TI  - Talonavicular arthrodesis for rheumatoid arthritis of the hindfoot.

PMID- 980423
TI  - Arthrodesis of the hindfood in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 980424
TI  - Nonexcision triple arthrodesis of the foot.
AB  - Nonexcision triple arthrodesis is proposed as a simple operation to relieve pain
      and stabilize the hindfoot. It was successful in seven of nine patients as a
      salvage procedure. Its further use is recommended.

PMID- 980425
TI  - Complications in surgery of the foot.

PMID- 980426
TI  - Adult and juvenile hallux valgus: analysis and treatment.

PMID- 980427
TI  - Early posterior ankle release in the treatment of congenital clubfoot.
AB  - Eighty-one patients (116 clubfeet) underwent posterior ankle release before the
      age of two years, following unsatisfactory responses to serial corrective casts
      applied according to the technique of Kite. Seventy-three per cent of these feet
      showed no or only mild talar flattening at an average follow-up of 7.5 years.
      Four years, following posterior ankle release there was a none-mild talar
      flattening rate of 69 per cent in this group compared to a 40 per cent none-mild
      rate in ankle release reduces the incidence of recurrent equinus deformity and
      the necessity for subsequent surgery in comparison to the results obtained with
      serial plaster casts or with tendo Achillis lengthening alone. Recent trends in
      clubfoot management have favored increasingly early operative intervention.
      Denham stated that "In the infant hard tissues (bone and cartilage) should be
      regarded as soft, and the soft tissues (tendon and ligament) as hard." Our
      operative experience with posterior ankle release supports this philosophy and
      indicates that early aggressive surgical management is the treatment of choice
      for the resistant clubfoot.

PMID- 980428
TI  - A long term study of triple arthrodesis in children.

PMID- 980429
TI  - Tibiotalar torsion: bioengineering paradigm.
AB  - 1. Medial tibiotalar torsion is the most common disorder peculiar to mankind. 2.
      The pathogonomic findings are (a) an axial medially rotated and adducted distal
      third of the shaft of the tibia, (b) the plafond of the tibia with its mortise
      containing the "track-bound" talus, which is deflected strongly toward the tibial
      side, (c) an exaggerated midtarsal equinus, (d) ostensible restriction of
      dorsiflexion of the hindfoot against the tibia, (e) mild separation of the distal
      tibiofibular articulation, and (f) forward displacement of the gravitational axis
      to the naviculocunei-form joint. 3. Faulty leg crossing in utero resulting in an
      abnormal pelvofemoral-tibial design is discussed and its important consequences
      in the vulnerable 40 per cent of the population are emphasized. 4. The
      kinesiomechanics of the leg, ankle and foot is reviewed. 5. The radiographic
      parameters of medial tibiotalar torsion are presented, as well as the multiple
      facets of the clinical examination. 6. Methods of treatment depending on age and
      severity of the disorder are recommended. Surgery, detortional casts, and
      corrective footwear are discussed. Shoes presently available are inadequate for
      tibiotalar torsion and therefore engineering principles must be applied in the
      design and construction of all footwear, including sneakers and sportswear. This
      can be done only if the pathological biomechanics of this group of disorders is
      recognized. Biplane proximal tibial osteotomy is recommended in refractory cases,
      especially when tibiotalar torsion is demonstrated. 7. After 30 years of
      experience, the author finds that results with these patients have been uniformly
      good to excellent, depending on age and mode of treatment. 8. In medial
      tibiotalar torsion, the consequent adaptive changes are readily observed, but
      rarely are they recognized as the inevitable sequelae of medial tibiotalar
      torsion. 9. Adaptive compensating disorders are identified and their mechanism
      described. 10. The management of torsional and static disorders and adaptations
      of the leg, foot, and knee should not continue on an empirical basis. Recognition
      of recently presented parameters of the lower limbs in the vulnerable "40
      percenters" permits the use of sound engineering principles in both conservative
      and operative correction of these disorders.

PMID- 980430
TI  - Medial subtalar stabilization with posterior medial release in the treatment of
      varus feet: a preliminary report.
AB  - The problem of the varus hindfoot in children ages six to 10 has been discussed.
      A preliminary follow-up is presented on six patients treated by extensive medial
      release, multiple tendon lengthenings, and subtalar intra-articular arthrodesis.
      Two of our patients revealed incomplete correction of the deformity because of
      technical errors in the medial release. However, there have been no failures of
      fusion and no progression of the deformity to date. This is a preliminary report
      and further follow-up is indicated. It should be noted that we have now extended
      our series to 40 patients.

PMID- 980431
TI  - Salvage of the diabetic foot by vascular reconstruction.

PMID- 980432
TI  - Management of foot deformity in Duchenne's pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 980433
TI  - Hemophilic arthropathy of the foot and ankle.
AB  - The major deformities in hemophilic arthropathy of the foot and ankle fall into
      the three groups of equinus, varus, and cavus. These pathologic positions develop
      through a repetitive pattern of intra-articular and intramuscular bleeding within
      the area of the distal calf, foot, and ankle. Appropriate infusion therapy with
      factor VIII concentrate and factor IX concentrate plus splinting, bracing, and
      logical rehabilitative maneuvers can delay or prevent the advent of permanent
      deformity. The actual articular damage seems to be directly related to the
      release of digestive enzymes from leukocytes, synovial cells, and other blood
      products. These pathologic mechanisms appear to be similar to those recently
      described in explaining joint destruction in rheumatoid and degenerative
      arthritis. The indication for certain reconstructive orthopedic procedures in
      these situations are given and case examples provided. Total joint replacement in
      the area of the foot and ankle in hemophilia has been considered for certain
      patients by the authors but not attempted as yet.

PMID- 980434
TI  - Biomechanics of the Earth shoe.

PMID- 980435
TI  - [Significance of contrast examination of blood vessels in the surgical treatment
      of tuberculous spondylitis].

PMID- 980436
TI  - [Ultrasonic examination in soft-tissue and long-bone injuries of the limbs].

PMID- 980437
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of hemorrhages in injuries of the limbs].

PMID- 980438
TI  - [Peridurography in injuries and diseases of the lumbar spine].

PMID- 980439
TI  - [Morphological changes following osteosonthesis using ultrasonics under
      experimental conditions].

PMID- 980440
TI  - [Nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity of the blood in patients with fractures].

PMID- 980441
TI  - [Use of monochromatic red-light laser under experimental and clinical
      conditions].

PMID- 980442
TI  - [Certain supplements to the K.M. Sivash method of hip-joint endoprosthesis].

PMID- 980443
TI  - [Biomechanical bases of dynamic spondylodesis in spinal injuries].

PMID- 980444
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of various x-ray diagnostic methods in injuries of the
      burso-ligamental apparatus of the ankle joint].

PMID- 980445
TI  - [Oblique-projection radiography in the study of tibial-bone-fragment fusion after
      fracture].

PMID- 980446
TI  - [Use of conduction anesthesia for the development of movements in the knee joint
      after arthrotomy].

PMID- 980447
TI  - [Disorders in the blood supply of the femoral diaphysis in closed fracture].

PMID- 980449
TI  - [Evacuation of patients with fractures by air transport].

PMID- 980448
TI  - [Thiamine and pyruvic acid excretion in patients with fractures of long tubular
      bones].

PMID- 980450
TI  - [Principles in the evaluation of strength of the ligamental apparatus].

PMID- 980451
TI  - [Improved trocar for laparocentesis].

PMID- 980453
TI  - [Reparative bone regeneration (certain unsolved problems)].

PMID- 980452
TI  - [Statistical methods of analysis, modeling and prognosis in non-industrial
      injuries].

PMID- 980454
TI  - [Role of arthropneumography in the study of hip-joint structure in children with
      congenital hip dislocation].

PMID- 980455
TI  - [Prosthesis after bilateral amputation of the hip].

PMID- 980456
TI  - [Our method of express-prosthesis after leg amputation according to Pirgov's
      method].

PMID- 980457
TI  - [Complex psychotherapy in medical and social rehabilitation of invalids with
      defects of the lower limbs].

PMID- 980458
TI  - [Principles of pediatric prosthesis].

PMID- 980459
TI  - [Basic principles and results of prosthesis of patients with crural stumps].

PMID- 980460
TI  - [Prosthesis in children with congenital developmental defects of the lower
      limbs].

PMID- 980461
TI  - [Basic principles of construction of orthopedic shoes in severe forms of
      flatfoot].

PMID- 980462
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the invalids with post-amputation defects of the arms].

PMID- 980463
TI  - [Treatment of congenital radial clubhand in children].

PMID- 980464
TI  - [Biomechanical and clinical analysis of the effectiveness of use of corsets in
      the treatment of scoliosis].

PMID- 980465
TI  - [Complex conservative treatment of brachio-scapular periarthritis].

PMID- 980466
TI  - [Characteristics of gait in patients with fractures of the crural bones in the
      process of rehabilitation].

PMID- 980467
TI  - [Dynamics of functional state of the neuromuscular system after express
      prosthesis].

PMID- 980468
TI  - [Results of biomechanical and physiological studies of patients using prostheses
      of the shoulder and forearm].

PMID- 980469
TI  - [Systems of proportional control of bioelectric prostheses].

PMID- 980470
TI  - [Removable heel for walking with plaster cast].

PMID- 980471
TI  - [Cylindrical arthrodesis od the carpo-metacarpal joint of the first finger].

PMID- 980472
TI  - [Use of Ilizarov's apparatus in osteoplastic amputation of the foot according to
      N.I. Pirogov's method].

PMID- 980473
TI  - [Past, present and future of intensive medicine].

PMID- 980474
TI  - [Pulmonary hemodynamic reactions to thoracic trauma].

PMID- 980475
TI  - [The "battered child syndrome" and the "shaken infant syndrome"].

PMID- 980476
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmogenic effect of anti-arrhythmia agents].

PMID- 980477
TI  - [A case of surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysm, involving the lung].

PMID- 980478
TI  - [From the history of ambulance and rescue squad services].

PMID- 980479
TI  - [Intrathoracic struma].

PMID- 980480
TI  - [Further data on the immunologic background of pregnancy].

PMID- 980481
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma of the stomach].

PMID- 980482
TI  - [Prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Hungary II].

PMID- 980483
TI  - [Tetracyclines in pediatrics].

PMID- 980484
TI  - [Torsio uteri gravidi].

PMID- 980485
TI  - [The value of conservative surgery of breast cancer].

PMID- 980486
TI  - [Practice of genetic counseling].

PMID- 980487
TI  - [Determination of antidiuretic material in the urine from healthy subjects and
      patients with diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 980488
TI  - [Cicatriceal sarcoidosis].

PMID- 980489
TI  - [Bacteriuria screening test in school children].

PMID- 980491
TI  - [Physicians-numismatologists].

PMID- 980490
TI  - [IgD myeloma].

PMID- 980492
TI  - [Roentgenologic and angiocardiographic study of ASH (asymmetric septum
      hypertrophy)].

PMID- 980493
TI  - [Concordant spondylitis ankylopoietica (Bechterew's disease) in monozygotic
      twins].

PMID- 980494
TI  - [Cooperation of specialists and publishing ethics].

PMID- 980495
TI  - Anatomy and physiology of head and neck infections (with emphasis on the fascia
      of the face and neck).

PMID- 980497
TI  - Disease occurrence, disability, and medical care.

PMID- 980496
TI  - The immunologic substrate: role of local and systemic immunity in the head and
      neck.

PMID- 980498
TI  - Primary problem assessment in infectious disease of the head and neck: the
      history and physical examination.

PMID- 980499
TI  - Imaging techniques in investigation of inflammatory disease of the head and neck.

PMID- 980500
TI  - Otolaryngologic manifestations of extrinsic infectious diseases.

PMID- 980501
TI  - Anaerobic infections of the head and neck.

PMID- 980502
TI  - Suppurative otitis media: a pediatric view.

PMID- 980504
TI  - Cervical fascia and deep neck infections.

PMID- 980503
TI  - Acute sinusitis and otitis: their complications and surgical treatment.

PMID- 980505
TI  - The diagnosis and management of dental infections.

PMID- 980506
TI  - Principles of the antimicrobial therapy of head and neck infections.

PMID- 980507
TI  - The prophylactic use of antibiotics in head and neck surgery.

PMID- 980508
TI  - Worker reentry safety. I. An overview of the reentry problem on citrus in
      California.

PMID- 980509
TI  - Worker reentry safety. III. Viewpoint and program of the Environmental Protection
      Agency.

PMID- 980510
TI  - Worker reentry safety. V. Reentry intervals as health standards.

PMID- 980511
TI  - Worker reentry safety. II. The viewpoint and program of the National Institute
      for Occupational Safety and Health.

PMID- 980512
TI  - Can we legislate good health.

PMID- 980513
TI  - Government health care offers 'paper cure'.

PMID- 980514
TI  - Do you really need a multi-office practice?

PMID- 980515
TI  - Volunteer faculty in affiliate teaching hospitals.

PMID- 980516
TI  - [Blood-brain barrier in infants with special regard to free amino acids (AA)].

PMID- 980518
TI  - [Temperature changes after triple immunization in childhood].

PMID- 980517
TI  - [Moebius syndrome].

PMID- 980519
TI  - [The significance of retinal hemorrhages in newborn infants].

PMID- 980520
TI  - [Optic nerve atrophy after longterm therapy with chloramphenicol].

PMID- 980521
TI  - [Retinoblastoma].

PMID- 980522
TI  - [Congenital anophthalmos].

PMID- 980523
TI  - [Standardized methods for the early detection of visual weakness in children
      possibilities of practical cooperation of pediatrists and ophthalmologists].

PMID- 980524
TI  - Human milk lipases and their possible role in fat digestion.
AB  - Human milk contains two lipases. One is a lipoprotein lipase with properties
      similar to the lipoprotein lipases that participate in the metabolism of blood
      plasma lipoproteins in several tissues. This enzyme is present in high activity
      in the lactating mammary gland where it facilitates the uptake of triglyceride
      fatty acids from the blood lipoproteins for production of milk lipids in the
      gland. The high activity of this enzyme in milk probably represent leakage of
      enzyme from the gland. This lipase is not stable at pH below 5 or in intestinal
      contents and it is unlikely that it participates in intestinal fat digestion. Its
      activity varies widely between individual milk samples, and there is a high
      correlation between its activity and the development of hydrolytic rancidity in
      the milk on storage. The other lipase is present in the milk in an inactive form
      which is activated by bile salts. This lipase is present in milk from primates
      but not in milk from lower animals. Human milk contains enough of this lipase to
      hydrolyze the milk lipids almost completely in less than half an hour at the pH
      and the bile acid and salt concentrations found in the small intestine of the
      human infant. It is probable that it increases the efficiency of milk fat
      absorption. The enzyme has a rather wide substrate specificity and may also act
      on other lipid substrates than triglycerides. In contrast to pancreatic lipase it
      hydrolyses all three ester bonds in a triglyceride. This may affect the physical
      chemistry of the lipids in the intestinal contents as well as their absorption
      and further metabolism in the musoca.

PMID- 980525
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of renal traumas in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - The diagnosis of a kidney trauma is discussed and the great importance of
      angiography besides i. v. urography and retrograde pyelogram is pointed out. In
      surgical treatment exact urinary diversion and wound drainage are most important
      points to avoid later complications.

PMID- 980526
TI  - [Infectious skin disease in the newborn (author's transl)].
AB  - The most important infectious skin diseases of the newbornperiod are discussed in
      a short survey. Those skin alterations which can already be observed immediately
      after birth are especially emphasized. The search for skin infections has to be a
      routine measure in the care of the newborn, because even the smallest pyoderms
      can lead to septic complications, and non-infected newborn must be protected
      through the quarantining and treatment of those newborns with the infection.
      Frequent occurrence of pyoderms should be taken as a reason for examining the
      hygienic measures in the delivery room, nursery and maternity ward.

PMID- 980527
TI  - [Hemangioma simplex of the larynx in an infant (author's transl)].
AB  - Symptoms of inspiratory stridor, dyspnoa and cyanosis appeared in a four month
      old boy. After the direct laryngoscopy and biopsy a hemangioma simples of the
      larynx was diagnosed. The tumor itself was successfully treated by cryosurgery.
      The advantages of this therapy were pointed out and the cryosurgery can be
      recommended in cases of larynxangioma.

PMID- 980528
TI  - International meeting on recent advances in biochemical pathology. Toxic liver
      injury--I. Turin, June 18-20, 1975.

PMID- 980529
TI  - Alterations produced in the endoplasmic reticulum by carbon tetrachloride.

PMID- 980530
TI  - Interference of CCI4 metabolites with subcellular structures.

PMID- 980531
TI  - The metabolite deficit period as an approach to biochemical pathology.

PMID- 980532
TI  - Halogenoalkane toxicity in different experimental conditions.

PMID- 980533
TI  - Alcoholic fatty liver: its pathogenesis and precursor role for hepatitis and
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 980534
TI  - Pathogenesis of ethionine induced pancreatic necrosis.

PMID- 980535
TI  - Liver toxicity of carbon disulphide; possible significance of its metabolism by
      oxidative desulphuration.

PMID- 980536
TI  - Modulation of halothane and vinyl chloride induced acute injury to liver
      endoplastic reticulum.

PMID- 980537
TI  - Electrophilic free radicals and nucleic acid damage: pulse radiolysis studies.

PMID- 980538
TI  - Drug screening in cell culture for the detection of anticoccidial activity.
AB  - Methods for screening compounds against Eimeria tenella in cell culture and in
      the chicken are described. An analysis for incidence of anticoccidial activity
      and host cell toxicity has been made of 11550 compounds screened in vitro, and
      some correlation of activity in vitro and in vivo has been attempted. The results
      show that screening compounds in tissue (cell) culture is not a satisfactory or
      reliable alternative to screening in chickens, although in vitro studies
      undoubtedly have a part to play in the evaluation of an active drug.

PMID- 980539
TI  - Molluscs interfering with the capacity of Fasciola hepatica miracidia to infect
      Lymnaea truncatula.
AB  - Fasciola hepatica miracidia labelled with radioselenium were used to study
      aspects of their host-finding capacity by determining radioactivity subsequently
      taken up by exposed 'target' snails (Lymnaea truncatula). Possible interfering
      effects exercised by a number of non-host snails and bivalves were examined in
      linear test channels. The infection rate (radioactivity) among 'target' snails
      was markedly lowered when non-host Lymnaea species (L. pereger, L. palustris, L.
      stagnalis) were interposed as 'decoys'. The prosobranch Bithynia tentaculata and
      the bivalve Sphaerium corneum exhibited a slight decoy effect whereas pulmonate
      species like Anisus vortex, Gyraulus albus, Planorbis planorbis, Physa fontinalis
      did not interfere with miracidial host-finding. Other experiments showed that
      miracidia are more strongly attracted towards L. truncatula than L. pereger.
      Miracidia are not able to penetrate intact egg clusters of L. truncatula.

PMID- 980540
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: the occurrence of microvilli on the surface of the tegument
      during transformation from cercaria to schistosomulum.
AB  - Microvilli are developed on the surface of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula
      during penetration of the host skin; they form rapidly but are lost approximately
      90 min after penetration. Identical microvilli are also formed on schistosomula
      which have penetrated a mouse skin preparation in vitro, and on schistosomula
      prepared by mechanical separation of the tail from the body of the cercaria. The
      microvilli, which are limited by the trilaminate tegumental membrane of the
      cercaria, eventually degenerate and are cast off from the surface of the
      tegument. There is little change in the surface area of the schistosomulum at
      this time, and the formation and loss of microvilli coincides with the
      replacement of the cercarial tegumental membrane by the new heptalaminate
      membrane. It is suggested that during the cercaria/schistosomulum transformation,
      some intramembraneous components of the original cercarial membran e may migrate
      into the new heptalaminate membrane and thus be retained, while other peripheral
      components such as the glycocalyx are almost certainly lost.

PMID- 980541
TI  - Seasonal abundance of Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Cestoidea: Proteocephalidea)
      from largemouth bass living in a heated reservoir.
AB  - Proteocephalus ambloplitis was recovered from largemouth bass inhabiting
      different thermal regimes, ranging from normal to greater than 10 degrees C above
      normal, on the Energy Research and Development Administration's (ERDA) Savannah
      River Plant near Aiken, South Carolina. Possible alterations in the mechanisms
      initiating plerocercoid migration as proposed by Fischer & Freeman (1969) were
      noted. According to these authors, a rise in temperature from 4 to 7 degrees C
      and above stimulated migration of parenteric plerocercoids into the gut. The
      lowest water temperature recorded for the reservoir for the entire sampling
      period was 8.0 degrees C. Theoretically, this should have terminated the life
      cycle of this tapeworm since migration temperature was never attained. At
      Savannah River, the appearance of adult tapeworms coincided with a decrease in
      water temperature, while the appearance of adult tapeworms in Canada was
      correlated with an increase in water temperature. It is postulated that the
      decline in water temperature in southern latitudes and the increase in water
      temperature in northern latitudes initiates the same response, that is, migration
      of plerocercoids from parenteric to enteric sites where maturation to the adult
      form ensues.

PMID- 980542
TI  - Response of Haemonchus contortus cayugensis to a change in the ratio of smooth to
      linguiform.
AB  - The equilibrium of vulvar phenotypes in Haemonchus contortus cayugensis was
      changed by infecting lambs with either a selected strain of smooth or of
      linguiform worms. Subsequently the lambs grazed the same pasture and observations
      were made on changes in worm populations in the lambs, and on pasture it appeared
      that the seasonal change in the relative frequencies of A and B linguiform worms
      was related to density-dependent factors in the host. In the spring, when lambs
      first become infected, the worm population is small and the majority of
      linguiform worms are A-type. As the season progresses the density of the parasite
      population increases. Once the population becomes crowded selection begins to
      favour the B-type females. The effects of crowding on linguiform A females can be
      seen as a positive correlation between the percentage of linguiform A and their
      weight. Population density also affected the survival of A-type worms since there
      was a negative correlation of percentage A-type on total worm numbers. There was
      a similar negative correlation between percentage A-type on total worm numbers.
      There was a similar negative correlation between percentage A-type and total worm
      numbers in both the continuously infected and tracer lambs. Population density
      did not affect the proportion of smooth worms. However, smooth worms increased in
      the tracers from approximately 10% at the beginning of the experiment to 55% at
      its conclusion 18 weeks later. The latter percentage is almost within range of
      the local subspecies, which has 60% or more smooth worms. It appears therefore
      that the proportion of smooth to linguiform worms is a stable equilibrium
      maintained by natural selection.

PMID- 980543
TI  - Cell and organ culture techniques applied to the study of carcinoma of colon and
      rectum.
AB  - The value of a number of in vitro systems which have been used in the
      investigation of carcinomas of colon and rectum is considered. Tissue culture
      cell ines which have been established from human and mouse rectal and colon
      tumours are described. Both mouse and human cells retain ultrastructural features
      of the tumours of origin; acinus formations, junctional complexes, microvilli
      with surface glycoprotein strands. Normal colo-rectal epithelium has not been
      established in cell culture but organ cultures of mouse colon, which retain
      normal ultrastructural features can be maintained for at least 28 days. The
      possible origin of non-epithelial cells which appear in cultures from normal
      colon is discussed. The areas in which the various in vitro systems may be of
      used are reviewed.

PMID- 980544
TI  - Metaplastic conversion of the differentiation pattern in oral epithelia affected
      by leukoplakia simplex. A stereologic study.
AB  - The present study applied methods of stereologic cytology to clinically specified
      lesions of leukoplakia simplex which originated from the oral mucous membrane at
      the cheek and the floor of the mouth. The data provided the following evidence:
      (1) The structure of and the differentiation gradients for various cytoplasmic
      constituents in leukoplakia simplex epithelium were identical at both sites. (2)
      The differentiation pattern of leukoplakic epithelia was adversely different from
      that of the respective normal epithelium. (3) This alteration which resulted in a
      striking resemblance between the leukoplakic epithelia and those of normal skin
      or hard palatum conceivably can be regarded as a squamous metaplasia
      characterized by the conversion of one differentiation pattern into another. (4)
      This shift in the differentiation pattern hardly could have been disclosed by
      means other than stereologic morphometry.

PMID- 980545
TI  - The internal surface area of the lung in emphysema.
AB  - Quantitative histological studies on the lung are time consuming and for the
      pathologist may not reveal much additional imformation in relation to the time
      spent. Sixty-eight cases of emphysema were studied. The percentages of the lung
      tissue destroyed by alveolar, bronchiolar and bullous emphysema were determined
      by macroscopic point counting. The internal surface area (I.S.A.) and internal
      surface area at a standard lung volume of 3,000 ml(I.S.A.3,000) were determined
      by the mean linear intercept (M.L.I.) method. There was a significant correlation
      between both the M.L.I. and I.S.A.3,000 and the percentage of lung tissue
      destroyed. The M.L.I. was the most accurate guide to the presence of emphysema.
      The I.S.A. was the least reliable indication of emphysema. Cases of alveolar duct
      emphysema were both over and underdiagnosed on macroscopic point counting. It is
      therefore suggested that in cases with alveolar duct emphysema, apparently normal
      lungs or where full pulmonary function tests are available, quantitative
      histological studies should be carried out. In other cases it is possible to
      derive the I.S.A. and I.S.A.3,000 from the percentage of emphysema as determined
      macroscopically, without recourse to histological methods.

PMID- 980546
TI  - A pediatrician's view.

PMID- 980547
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux in children: clinical manifestations, diagnosis,
      pathophysiology, and therapy.
AB  - Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children is a challenging diagnostic
      problem. A careful history and physical examination are of foremost importance.
      In infants, the esophageal manometry study and the Tuttle test are helpful in
      confirming gastroesophageal reflux. In older children, these two studies as well
      as the Bernstein test should be done to document reflux. The presence of
      esophagitis or esophageal strictures is best determined by esophagoscopy with
      concomitant grasp or suction biopsies. A medical regimen should be tried for
      three to six weeks in all children except those with esophageal strictures or
      severe malnutrition. Medical failures should be treated surgically with Nissen
      fundoplications, performed by a competent pediatric surgeon. The prognosis for
      children undergoing surgical correction is excellent.

PMID- 980548
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of defecation in children.

PMID- 980549
TI  - Antibiotic dosage for infants and children.

PMID- 980550
TI  - The rate of cerebral utilization of glucose, ketone bodies, and oxygen: a
      comparative in vivo study of infant and adult rats.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by means of Celabeled microspheres in
      infant (20-day-old) and adult (3-month-old) rats, anesthetised with Na-5-ethyl-5
      (1-methylpropyl)2-thiobarbituric acid. Cerebral arteriovenous differences of
      acetoacetate, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, lactate, and oxygen and brain DNA
      content were determined in other groups of similarly treated infant and adult
      animals fed or starved for 48 or 72 hr. The mean CBF values of 0.48+/-0.04 and
      0.62+/-0.07 ml/(g X min), +/- SEM, in infant and adult animals, respectively,
      were not significantly different. CBF was unaffected by starvation. At any given
      arterial concentration the cerebral arteriovenous difference of acetoacetate was
      significantly higher in infant than adult rats. The same was true for D-beta
      hydroxybutyrate at arterial concentrations above 1 mmol/liter. There was an
      approximately linear relationship between arterial concentration of acetoacetate
      and its cerebral arteriovenous difference in both infant and adult rats. A
      similar relationship was found for D-beta-hydroxybutyrate only in infant animals.
      In the fed state, the cerebral uptake of glucose and ketone bodies (micromoles
      per (mg DNA X min)) was not different in infant and adult rats. During
      starvation, cerebral uptake of ketone bodies expressed as micromoles per (mg DNA
      X min) was higher in infant than adult rats, indicating a higher rate of
      utilization of ketone bodies per cell in these animals. For glucose, no such
      difference was found in either fed or starved groups (Table 3). The average
      percentage of the total cerebral uptake of substrates (micromoles per min)
      accounted for by ketone bodies increased in both infant and adult rats during
      starvation. This percentage value was clearly higher in infant than adult rats
      during starvation. After 72 hr of starvation the values were 38.8% and 15.2% in
      infant and adult rats, respectively (Fig. 3). Calculated cerebral metabolic rate
      for oxygen (CMRO2), assuming complete oxidation of glucose and ketone bodies and
      expressed as micromoles per (mg DNA X min), was similar in fed and starved rats
      of both age groups (Table 3), indicating that ketone bodies serve as an
      alternative substrate for glucose during starvation. Calculated CMRO2 for glucose
      plus ketone bodies was similar to the measured CMRO2 in adult rats both in the
      fed and the starved groups. For infant rats, calculated CMRO2 for glucose plus
      ketone bodies was higher than measured CMRO2, indicating that in this age group a
      portion of substrate was used for synthesis or storage rather than for complete
      oxidation.

PMID- 980551
TI  - Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: enzyme studies on a further case and a
      method of diagnosis using plasma enzyme ratios.
AB  - The activities of the urea cycle enzymes in the liver of a female patient with
      hyperammonemia were determined (Table 1). Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC, EC.
      2.1.3.3) was reduced to 5-10% of normal and the residual enzyme showed an
      apparent Kmorn of 0.69 (normal 0.37 +/- 0.10) mmol liter. The pH dependence was
      normal. The patient's mother also showed hyperammonemia but was not clinically
      affected. Consideration of the genetics of the disease suggested that many female
      patients should have a mixture of normal and mutant enzymes. Electrophoresis of
      the patient's liver extract showed an additional band of OTC activity probably
      due to this mutant enzyme. The ratio of plasma glutamate-pyruvate transaminase to
      OTC was abnormal in four clinically affected patients with OTC deficiency (Fig.
      4B) but not in two of their mothers without clinical signs.

PMID- 980552
TI  - Growth retardation and zinc nutrition.
AB  - Based on a previous report of a zinc deficiency syndrome in children
      characterized by low hair zinc, anorexia, poor growth, and hypogeusia, 12
      children attending  a pediatric endocrinology clinic for growth retardation and
      judged as having short stature as a variant of normal (SVN) were evaluated as to
      their zinc nutriture to learn whether zinc deficiency was a contributory factor.
      None was found to have the above syndrome, although one child did have a hair
      zinc concentration below 70 mug/g. The mean hair zinc of the SVN subjects was
      lower than the hair zinc of 40 apparently normal adolescents, 131+/-37 mug/g vs.
      168+/-44 mug/g (P less than 0.02), but there was no difference found in plasma
      levels of zinc or in taste acuity. In contrast, five patients with total growth
      arrest secondary to juvenile Crohn's disease (CD) were found to have multiple
      findings consistent with zinc deficiency including low plasma zinc, low hair
      zinc, or hypogeusia.

PMID- 980553
TI  - Growth and nutrition of uremic piglets.
AB  - Piglets aged 6 days were rendered uremic by subtotal nephrectomy and their growth
      and dietary intakes studied over the next 21 days. Eleven control piglets fed a
      voluntary intake of a sow's milk substitute (group A), 11 nephrectomized piglets
      fed a voluntary intake of the same feed (group B), 6 nephrectomized piglets tube
      fed the same milk (group C), and 11 nephrectomized piglets fed a voluntary intake
      of a low protein, isocaloric food (group D) were studied. After nephrectomy the
      piglets had an initial rapid rise in blood urea concentration which had fallen by
      day 7 and then leveled out around 13 mmol/liter in group B and 8 mmol/liter in
      group D. After operation control piglets (group A) ate more from day 4 and were
      larger from day 7 than the nephrectomized piglets (group B). Those piglets tube
      fed (group C) were of a similar size to the controls but all died between day 7
      and day 11 with associated high blood urea concentrations. Piglets fed the low
      protein, isocaloric feed (group D) were smaller than both the controls and group
      B. They also ate less food than the controls and those nephrectomized piglets in
      group B which were on a voluntary intake of the normal feed.

PMID- 980554
TI  - Effect of undernutrition and amino acid deficiency on the timing of puberty in
      rats.
AB  - Sexual maturation was examined in underfed or amino acid-deficient rats. We have
      demonstrated a highly significant negative linear relationship (r = -0.80, P less
      than 0.001) between the age at puberty and the growth rate in rats under
      conditions of food restriction. The weight at puberty in animals growing at
      different rates because of undernutrition was not constant but behaved as a
      quadratic function of growth rate, as predicted from the assumption that growth
      rate was an independent variable. Growth rate is therefore more important than
      arrival at a particular fixed weight in determining the timing of puberty.
      Feeding of low valine diets resulted in delayed sexual maturation. Both the
      weight at vaginal opening (182 +/- 5.9 g) and the weight at first estrus (187 +/-
      6.1 g) were significantly greater in the valine-deficient group when compared
      with growth-matched control (139 +/- 10.7 g and 161 +/- 9.3 g, respectively, P
      less than 0.05). The valine-deficient group also had significantly later vaginal
      opening (98.8+/- 4.7 days) than growth-matched controls (76.6 +/- 6.6 days, P
      less than 0.02). Valine deficiency seemed to have a specific effect on the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis since puberty in valine-deficient animals was
      delayed more than could be accounted for by impairment of growth.

PMID- 980555
TI  - [Methods of epidemiological studies of congenital malformations in newborn
      infants in the Cracow Region].

PMID- 980556
TI  - [Congenital anomalies of the developmental age. I. Incidence of malformations in
      newborn infants diagnosed the 1st week of life in the Cracow Region].

PMID- 980557
TI  - [Congenital malformations of the developmental age. II. Incidence of
      malformations diagnosed during regional studies between the years 1947-1974].

PMID- 980558
TI  - [Role of the pediatrician in the treatment of children with cleft lip and
      palate].

PMID- 980559
TI  - [Incidence of congenital malformations in children in our own records].

PMID- 980560
TI  - [Assessment of early and late therapeutic results in children with acute
      hematogenic osteitis].

PMID- 980561
TI  - [Purulent pleuritis in children with acute hematogenic osteitis].

PMID- 980562
TI  - [Staphylococcal skin infections in children].

PMID- 980563
TI  - [Methods of measuring the patency of Pudenz-Heyer valve with the aid of a
      radiometer and Technetium 99m Tc].

PMID- 980564
TI  - [Comparison of patency control methods in Pudenz-Heyer valve following surgery
      for hydrocephalus in infants].

PMID- 980565
TI  - [Urethral mucosa prolapse in little girls].

PMID- 980566
TI  - [Cysts of the ureterovesical junction in children].

PMID- 980567
TI  - [Congenital lateral neck fistulas in children. Our observations].

PMID- 980568
TI  - [Sequelae of late diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula in a child].

PMID- 980569
TI  - [Pancreatic pseudocysts in children].

PMID- 980570
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in cases of vaginal atresia in newborn infants and
      infants].

PMID- 980571
TI  - [Cholelithiasis in a 7-year-old girl].

PMID- 980572
TI  - [Case of acute acalculous cholecystitis in an 11-month-old infant].

PMID- 980574
TI  - [Use of in vivo radioisotope methods in pediatric diagnosis. IV. Isotope studies
      of vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

PMID- 980573
TI  - [Rehabilitation of children following chest surgery].

PMID- 980575
TI  - [Clinical manifestations and diagnostic difficulties in benign intracranial
      pressure].

PMID- 980576
TI  - [Intracranial hypertension syndrome of non-tumorous etiology in children up to
      the age of 3].

PMID- 980577
TI  - [Assessment of emotional-vegetative state of children hospitalized as a result of
      attempted suicide].

PMID- 980578
TI  - [Behavior of some plasma lipid fractions in viral hepatitis A with a mild and
      severe course in children].

PMID- 980579
TI  - [Lowe's syndrome in 2 sisters].

PMID- 980580
TI  - [Histochemical method for the identification of sphingomyelin deposited in Nieman
      Pick syndrome].

PMID- 980581
TI  - [Methemoglobinemia in nitrogen compound poisoning in a 4-week-old infant].

PMID- 980582
TI  - [Cases of methemoglobinemia in infants caused by the use of well water in the
      preparation of food].

PMID- 980583
TI  - [Postgraduate internship in pediatric hospital departments in the light of
      questionnaire studies].

PMID- 980584
TI  - [Studies on congenital rubella. II. Clinical and serological studies].

PMID- 980585
TI  - [Role of Toxoplasma gondii in the development of malformations].

PMID- 980586
TI  - [Activity of lipolytic enzymes of the duodenal juice in children with
      pancreopathy].

PMID- 980587
TI  - [Blood serum viscosity in healthy children].

PMID- 980588
TI  - [Blood serum viscosity in renal diseases in children].

PMID- 980589
TI  - [Clinico-bioelectric correlations in selected cases of epilepsy in children].

PMID- 980590
TI  - [Health care delivery to school children: contemporary problems].

PMID- 980591
TI  - [Integrated pediatric-school regions as a new form of health care delivery to
      school children and adolescents].

PMID- 980592
TI  - [Malformation of the craniovertebral junction treated erroneously as
      torticollis].

PMID- 980593
TI  - [Finger gangrene and extensive tissue necrosis in meningococcal septicemia and
      meningitis].

PMID- 980594
TI  - [Case of pulmonary candidiasis in a 2 1/2-year-old girl].

PMID- 980596
TI  - Subscribers' opinions about Pediatrics.

PMID- 980595
TI  - [Isolated IgA deficiency in a 2-year-old child].

PMID- 980597
TI  - Inunction and disease prevention.

PMID- 980598
TI  - An evaluation of the safety of a low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet
      beginning in infancy.
AB  - This study was designed to detect developmental, body chemistry, or somatic
      differences that might be present in children who had been on a low-saturated
      fat, low-cholesterol (LSFLC) diet since birth. Comparison to a matched control
      group at age 3 years failed to demonstrate significant differences in percentile
      height, percentile weight, head circumference, age, skinfold thickness, total
      serum protein, hemoglobin, number of failures on a Denver Developmental Screening
      test, or number of sick visits. Experimental children did have significantly
      lower serum cholesterol than a large group of children of similar age. It is
      concluded that at age 3 years, no significant adverse findings were present in
      the group who had been nourished on a LSFLC diet since birth as compared to a
      control group.

PMID- 980599
TI  - Relationship of passive cigarette-smoking to sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - The smoking habits of 56 families who lost babies to the sudden infant death
      syndrome (SIDS) were compared to those of 86 control families. A higher
      proportion of SIDS mothers smoked both during pregnancy (61% vs. 42%) and after
      their babies were born (59% vs. 37%). SIDS mother also smoked a significantly
      greater number of cigarettes than controls. Exposure to cigarette smoke ("passive
      smoking") appears to enhance the risk of SIDS for reasons not known.

PMID- 980600
TI  - Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and complications of pregnancy.
AB  - A group of 412 infants with birthweights between 501 and 2,500 gm and gestational
      ages of 36 weeks or less were studied for the influence of both prolonged ruputre
      of amniotic membranes and maternal hypertension on the incidence of idiopathic
      respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). The occurrence of these complications was
      associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of IRDS only in infants
      with birthweights between 1,501 and 2,500 gm (37.4% in the no complications group
      versus 12.8% in the complications group; P less than .01) or gestational ages of
      33 to 36 weeks (35.2% in the no complications group versus 13.1% in the
      complications group; P less than .01). In infants with birthweights of 1,500 gm
      or less or gestational ages of 32 weeks or less, the specific antecedent
      complications of pregnancy did not alter the incidence of IRDS. Rupture of the
      membranes for more than 72 hours had no greater effect on the incidence of IRDS
      than those lasting 24 to 72 hours.

PMID- 980601
TI  - Differential effects of maternal heroin and methadone use on birthweight.
AB  - An analysis of birthweights of 337 neonates in relation to history of maternal
      narcotic usage was undertaken. Mean birthweight of infants born to mothers
      abusing heroin during the pregnancy was 2,490 gm, an effect primarily of
      intrauterine growth retardation. Low mean birthweight (2,615 gm) was also seen in
      infants born to mothers who had abused heroin only prior to this pregnancy, and
      mothers who had used both heroin and methadone during the pregnancy (2,535 gm).
      Infants born to mothers on methadone maintenance during the pregnancy had
      significantly higher mean birthweights (2.961 gm), but lower than the control
      group (3,176 gm). A highly significant relationship was observed between maternal
      methadone dosage in the first trimester and birthweight, i.e., the higher the
      dosage, the larger the infant. Heroin causes fetal growth retardation, an effect
      which may persist beyond the period of addiction. Methadone may promote fetal
      growth in a dose-related fashion after maternal use of heroin.

PMID- 980602
TI  - Nutritional supplementation of disadvantaged elementary-school children.

PMID- 980603
TI  - Municipal child health services: a ten-year reorganization.
AB  - There has been increasing interest within the medical community in developing
      primary care programs in teaching hospitals that meet the medical needs of a
      community. The Cambridge Hospital system provides a working model for such a
      mutually beneficial interaction. Based on principles of administrative
      centralization and utilization of the pediatric nurse practitioner, the
      neighborhood health centers operate as part of a cost-effective series of
      concentric circles. Administrative centralization within the Department of
      Pediatrics at the Cambridge Hospital has permitted the elimination of duplicate
      medical services and the development of a responsive community health service.
      The pediatric nurse practitioner under close senior staff supervision, serves as
      the primary caretaker in the neighborhood centers. In addition to her role as the
      provider of a protocol-determined, age-related series of physical psychometric,
      and laboratory examinations the pediatric nurse practitioner also cares for minor
      injuries and illnesses of childhood. Any child deviating from a clearly
      established range of norms for any physical, developmental, or laboratory
      parameter is immediately referred to the senior staff pediatrician for further
      evaluation. Finally, any patient requiring subspecialized inpatient care is
      referred to the Massachusetts General Hospital. The senior pediatric staff of the
      Cambridge Hospital serves the function of coordinating and supporting the rapid
      interlevel communication which must occur between community service, primary
      hospital, and a tertiary care facility. This neighborhood health care system is,
      we feel, a medically sound, educationally exciting, and fiscally responsible
      solution to a problem facing many urban areas and their academic medical
      institutions.

PMID- 980604
TI  - Familial aggregation of blood pressures of newborn infants and their mother.
AB  - The blood pressures and pulse rates of 257 normal full-term infants and their
      mothers were measured two to four days after birth. Birthweight was correlated
      with systolic (P=.038), but not with diastolic blood pressure. Infants who were
      asleep had significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than infants
      who were awake (P less than .001). Sex, body length, and feedings did not appear
      to influence infant's blood pressure nor did the anesthesia given to the mothers.
      Maternal diastolic pressure correlated with infant's diastolic pressure
      (regression coefficient, .128) (P less than .01), whereas for systolic pressure
      the regression coefficient between maternal and infant pressure was .085 (P=NS).
      The aggregation between the diastolic blood pressures of infants and mothers was
      not influenced by birthweight, age of the mother, or medication administered to
      the mother. The pulse rates of black infants were significantly higher than those
      of white infants (P less than .002). There was no correlation between the pulse
      rates and blood pressures in infants.

PMID- 980605
TI  - Serum enzyme abnormalities in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Elevated serum transaminases, particularly SGOT, as a result of acetylsalicylic
      acid (ASA) therapy have been reported in patients with juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis (JRA). In order to evaluate the possibilities that these elevated
      transaminases may result from JRA itself or from concomitant muscle injury, we
      correlated liver function tests and a specific test for muscle damage, creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK), with ASA therapy in 37 patients. These JRA patients were
      evaluated serially; 20 took ASA continuously, 6 took it intermittently, and 11
      were on no therapy. Thirty-five healthy children were also studied to establish
      normal control values for the serum enzyme tests. Mean SGOT and SGPT in the 11
      untreated subjects were significantly (P less than.001) higher than normal
      controls while CPK and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were not elevated. Mean SGOT and
      SGPT were also significantly (P less than .001) elevated in 20 children receiving
      ASA continuously; CPK was normal and AP less (P less than .05) than normal. CPK
      was elevated in 13 patients. Elevation of enzymes was sporadic and there was no
      correlation with serum salicylate, sex, age, disease duration, type, or activity.
      We conclude that mild abnormalities of SGOT and SGPT in JRA patients are common,
      but that they occur sporadically and elevated values appear to be unrelated to
      ASA therapy.

PMID- 980606
TI  - A useful radiologic sign for the diagnosis of Turner's syndrome.
AB  - A new X-ray sign of gonadal dysgenesis is described. In this series nine out of
      ten patients with Turner's syndrome have a coarse, reticular pattern of the
      carpal bones. A comparison with other previously described roentgenographic
      characteristics on hand and wrist films of these children leads to the conclusion
      that the new sign is more reliable and specific.

PMID- 980607
TI  - Clonidine poisoning.

PMID- 980608
TI  - Intussusception in twins.

PMID- 980609
TI  - A search for children with possible MSG Intolerance.

PMID- 980610
TI  - Helpful hint from a sage.

PMID- 980611
TI  - Serum T3 and T4 levels in sick children.

PMID- 980612
TI  - The use of histamine questioned.

PMID- 980613
TI  - [Content of blood serum magnesium and ATP in children with hematuric form of
      diffuse glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 980614
TI  - [Pathogenesis of anemia in children with glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 980615
TI  - [Immunosuppressive therapy of diffuse glomerulonephritis in children].

PMID- 980617
TI  - [Health resort treatment of children with chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 980616
TI  - [Certain problems of diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children].

PMID- 980618
TI  - [Aldosteronuria and the state of partial functions of the kidneys in diffuse
      glomerulonephritis, nephritis-like syndrome and hereditary nephritis in
      children].

PMID- 980619
TI  - [Urgent problems of treatment of glomerulonephritis in childhood].

PMID- 980620
TI  - [Balance of free amino acids in children with certain kidney diseases].

PMID- 980621
TI  - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children with acute viral respiratory infections].

PMID- 980622
TI  - [Conduction of renal biopsy in children by a semiclosed method].

PMID- 980623
TI  - [Formation of kidney response to diuretics in infants under 1 year of age].

PMID- 980624
TI  - [Organization of dispensary observation of children with kidney diseases in
      Chelyabinsk].

PMID- 980625
TI  - [Certain indicators of the functional state of peripheral blood lymphocytes and
      spleen in children with lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 980626
TI  - [Morphological variants of hypoplasia and dysplasia of the kidneys in children].

PMID- 980627
TI  - [State of body water phases in children with diffuse glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 980628
TI  - Cognition of figural transformation after commissurotomy.

PMID- 980629
TI  - Developmental changes in the infants attention to pattern detail.
AB  - To assess developmental changes in the importance of stimulus intensity and
      pattern detail for infants' visual attention, infants of 10, 17, and 25 wk. of
      age were shown pairs of stimuli equated for stimulus intensity but different in
      pattern detail (angles or straight lines). The youngest infants gave equivalent
      amounts of attention to the stimuli of each pair while the two older groups
      showed a significant preference for the angular stimuli. The results are
      interpreted as showing the increased attention to elements with development, and
      a possible explanation of the preference for the angle stimuli is discussed.

PMID- 980630
TI  - Feelings of inexperienced therapists in psychotherapy: a factor analytic study.
AB  - The Therapy Session Report, a parallel-structured response questionnaire, was
      utilized to study the feelings of inexperienced therapists. 57 college student
      applicants at a university counseling center reported on their perceptions of
      their therapists' feelings immediately following an intake interview. The 19
      therapists, clinical psychology graduate students in training, also reported what
      they felt during the intake session. Factor analysis of patients, perceptions of
      their therapists' feeling resulted in four factors, the first two accounting for
      85% of the common variance. Factor analysis of therapists, perceptions of their
      own feelings resulted in nine factors. Results suggest that, while patients view
      their therapists in generally negative positive terms, inexperienced therapists
      experience considerable affective discomfort during their intake sessions.

PMID- 980631
TI  - Relation between optically induced and tracking-limb-movement curvature in a
      visual capture phenomenon.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to help determine the nature of visual capture in
      the perception of curvature. If an individual finger-tracks a straight edge while
      viewing limb movements through a curve-inducing lens, the edge is reported to
      feel curved even though the finger is moving in a straight path. It has recently
      been demonstrated, however, that the finger actually tracks the straight edge
      through a curved path with the same orientation as the induced visual curve. In
      order to specify more completely the degree of relation between the visual and
      tracking (motor) curves the first experiment determined the fate of tracking limb
      movement curvature when the eyes were closed. The second experiment determined
      whether curvature of tracking limb movement decreased as the magnitude of the
      visual curve was decreased. Results from both experiments supported the
      contention that curved tracking limb movement may mediate the visual and felt
      curves. The nature of the mechanism underlying felt curvature in visual capture
      was discussed.

PMID- 980632
TI  - Selective hyperthermia and reaction time.
AB  - Two reaction time studies are reported in which subjects responded under
      conditions of selective hyperthermia. Wearing a helmet prototype, the cortical
      surface of the subject was thermally stressed to a level 1.11 degrees C over
      baseline as measured by a thermocouple placed against the tympanic membrane. In a
      simple choice RT task, both reaction time and response variability were decreased
      compared to performance in either a control or placebo condition. Latency in
      Neisser's visual scanning task was also shortened under conditions of this
      thermal stress localized in the cortical region. In both cases, there was no
      observed decrement in accuracy or level of performance. Enhanced human
      performance resulting from the maintenance of cortical temperature above the
      normal diurnal range is implied.

PMID- 980633
TI  - Institutional males' perception of three counseling techniques.
AB  - The use of advice-giving, Adlerian interpretation, and analytically derived
      interpretation with regard to whether feelings of approach, attack, or withdrawal
      were elicited was investigated by having subjects view a videotape of eight-role
      played counseling segments. The videotape presented problem-statements by a role
      playing adolescent followed by a role-playing counselor who made three separate
      responses to the statements. Subjects were 20 internally and 20 externally
      controlled incarcerated youth who indicated how each counselor's response made
      them feel (approach, attack, or withdrawal). Both internally and externally
      controlled subjects tended to respond to Adlerian interpretation and analytically
      derived interpretation with attack - and withdrawal - feelings and to advice
      giving with approach-feelings in this quasi-counseling situation.

PMID- 980634
TI  - Usefulness of the group-comparison method to demonstrate sex differences in
      spatial orientation and spatial visualization in older men and women.
AB  - This paper reports an analysis of sex differences in cognitive test scores
      covering the dimensions of spatial orientation and spatial visualization in
      groups of 6 older men and 6 women matched for speed of performance on a maze test
      and level of performance on a spatial relations task. Older men were more
      proficient solving spatial problems using the body as a referent, whereas there
      was no significant difference between the sexes in imagining spatial
      displacement. Matched comparisons appear a useful adjunct to population research
      to understand the type(s) of cognitive processes where differential performance
      by the sexes is observed.

PMID- 980635
TI  - Assessment of visual field impairment by objective technique.
AB  - An objective psychophysical technique for investigating visual fields by averaged
      scalp potentials evoked by pattern gratings of alternating contrast and by
      sinusoidally modulated flicerking light is applied to a child with a right
      homonomous hemianopsia. This technique illustrates a value, in obtaining clinical
      data on visual fields in situations were subjective perimetry is difficult to
      administer or where conservating diagnostic methods do not yield evidence of
      pathology.

PMID- 980636
TI  - Communicative success: a reinforcer of stuttering?

PMID- 980637
TI  - Field dependence among male and female alcoholics: II. Norms for the rod-and
      frame test.
AB  - 402 males and 160 females hospitalized for treatment of alcoholism were tested in
      a standardized manner on the Rod-and-frame test as a means of supplementing an
      earlier report of normative data on perceptual style among male alcoholics. When
      their performance was contrasted with that of normal and psychiatric samples,
      alcoholics were clearly the most field dependent of all groups studied.
      Statistically significant sex differences justify the need for separate norms for
      males and females.

PMID- 980638
TI  - On the validity of hypotheses derived from the Rorschach: 1. The relationship
      between color and affect.
AB  - Interpretation of response to color on the Rorschach rests on Rorschach's
      assertion that color has affective connotations. His assumption was based on the
      connection of color and affect in culture and as regards the differential
      response to color by patients he tested. This review focused on research which
      could lend support to Rorschach's empirically derived notion. Ignoring clinical
      studies of psychiatric patients (in the absence of any theory of affects unique
      to specific psychiatric groups), this review focuses primarily on psychological
      tests of the hypothesis. Affect does seem to be associated with colors but not so
      specifically as to be useful in interpreting the meaning of the response by any
      one person. Moreover, affect was seen to affect the many dimensions of the
      Rorschach stimuli. Interpretation of the response to color must take into account
      the unsystematic way in which factors influence response to color on the
      Rorschach, e.g. saturation, context, area covered, etc, vary from card to card.
      These factors alone influence the response to color and make it impossible to
      draw conclusions using the plates as constructed. The interpretation of affect
      from response to color on the Rorschach was seriously questioned.

PMID- 980639
TI  - Visual orientational anisotropy and stimulus surround effects in discrimination
      of spatial numerosity.
AB  - Visual spatial numerosity perception was investigated as a function of spatial
      orientation and surround conditions. 3 to 13 dots arranged linearly in
      horizontal, vertical, or oblique orientations were presented for 200 msec. in
      either a square or circular stimulus field. For patterns with small numbers of
      dots (3 to 7), surround and orientation conditions did not substantially alter
      perceived number except vertical arrangements were judged as having reliably more
      dots than identical horizontal arrangements. For large dot-number patterns (8 to
      13), surround significantly altered perceived number and left oblique linear
      arrangements were judged to have reliably more dots than equivalent arrangements
      in all other orientations.

PMID- 980640
TI  - Prolonged practice of a simple motor task by preferred and nonpreffered hands.
AB  - After prolonged practice (1300 10 sec. trials) the tapping speed of the
      nonpreferred hand reached that of the preferred hand on a simple finger-tapping
      task. Analysis of the intertrap intervals showed the variability of the duration
      of intertrap intervals was smaller for the preferred than for the nonpreferred
      hand, the difference was not affected by the prolonged practice for N = 1.

PMID- 980641
TI  - Subjective feelings and vascular responses in reaction to reduced control over
      aversiveness.
AB  - Subjects were exposed to an aversive, modified Sidman avoidance procedure. One
      group had relative control over the aversiveness in that they could exercise an
      option for unlimited rest periods, and they could avoid electric shock by an
      appropriately fast-response rate on a monitoring task. The second group was yoked
      to subjects in Group I both with respect to rests and shocks, thereby producing
      decreased capability of behavioral control. The effects of this manipulation were
      evaluated by three types of dependent measures: vascular arousal (systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure), verbal reports of subjective feelings, and performance
      on a subsequent problem-solving task. The findings suggested motivational
      deficits along with reduced vascular arousal among the yoked subjects, a pattern
      of results which may clarify some of the alternative hypotheses pertinent to
      "learned helplessness".

PMID- 980642
TI  - Handedness in relation to measures of motor and tactile-perceptual functions in
      normal children.
AB  - 10 boys and 10 girls were tested at each of six age levels (6, 7, 8, 12, 13, and
      14 yr). All of the children were right-handed, and at each age level the groups
      did not differ in age, WISC Full Scale IQ, or educational attainment. The groups
      were compared on motor tasks (strength and speed) and tactile-perceptual tasks
      (finger localization and symbol recognition). The performances of the right and
      left hands were compared. The results indicated clear right-hand motor
      superiority, but no "sidedness" effect for the tactile-perceptual measures. The
      implication of these results for brain-behaviour relationships was discussed.

PMID- 980643
TI  - Experimental control of rhythm in stereotyped body rocking.
AB  - A technique is described which enabled external control of the rhythm of
      stereotyped body rocking in a profoundly retarded, non-verbal subject. This
      technique consists of training the individual to synchronize the rhythm of his
      body rocking with an externally driven pacemaker light. Evidence is presented for
      experimental control of rhythm in a profoundly retarded, institutionalized child
      with a chronic history of body rocking.

PMID- 980644
TI  - Effect of degree of separation of visual-auditory stimulus and eye position upon
      spatial interaction of vision and audition.
AB  - Subjects were exposed to a visual and to an auditory stimulus that differed
      spatially in laterality of origin. The subjects were observed for visual biasing
      of auditory localization (the momentary influence of a light on the spatially
      perceived location of a simultaneously presented sound) and for auditory
      aftereffect (a change in perceived location of a sound that persists over time
      and is measured after termination of the visual stimulus). A significant effect
      of visual stimulation on auditory localization was found only with the measure of
      bias. Bias was tested as a function of degree of visual-auditory separation
      (10/20/30 degrees), eye position (straight-ahead/visual stimulus fixation), and
      position of visual stimulus relative to auditory stimulus (left/right). Only eye
      position proved statistically significant; straight-ahead eye position induced
      more bias than did fixation of the visual stimulus.

PMID- 980645
TI  - Paper folding as a therapeutic device.

PMID- 980646
TI  - Clothing as a nonverbal communicator or sexual attitudes and behavior.
AB  - To test the hypotheses that people believe that certain kinds and styles of
      clothing are indicative of liberal sexual attitudes and behavior and these
      beliefs are correct, questionnaires were filled out by 259 subjects. These
      questionnaires asked each subject for the frequencies with which he wore various
      items and styles of clothing, his attitude toward premarital sexual relations,
      the number of persons with whom he had had sexual relations, the frequencies with
      which he believed sexually liberal men and women wore various items and styles of
      clothing, and the frequencies with which he felt sexually conservative men and
      women wore various items and styles of clothing. Correlations showed that,
      although subjects believed that a large number of items and styles of clothing
      are indicative of liberal sexual attitudes and behavior, only a few items and
      styles actually were associated with liberal sexual attitudes and reported
      behavior.

PMID- 980647
TI  - Distribution of movement time in a target-aiming task.
AB  - Various characteristics of the distribution of movement time were analyzed for a
      task involving serial and rotary arm movements aimed at a target. For
      experimental data generated from five Ss, (a) the distribution tended to be
      unimodal and more peaked than a normal distribution, (b) the skewness of the
      distribution was predominantly positive and (c) the standard deviation, in
      addition to the mean, of movement time was significantly affected by the
      complexity of the task as measured by Fitts' index of difficulty, while the
      skewness and the kurtosis were not. For the average results for the Ss, a first
      order linear model with the standard deviation of movement time as the dependent
      variable and Fitts' index as the independent one explained 67% of the variation
      in standard deviation as compared to 98% of the variation in mean movement time
      accounted for by the Fitts' index.

PMID- 980648
TI  - Anxiety, task-experience, and vocal-style of judges as determinants of performer
      confidence.
AB  - To examine the effect of umpiring vocal-manner on a performance-measure of
      confidence, 30 baseball players viewed a series of videotaped pitching-catching
      umpiring sequences and rated confidence in their ability to hit each pitch.
      Matched sequences were presented under each of two controlled conditions: for
      Conventional, the umpire called "strikes" emphatically and "balls" in an
      indifferent manner; for Modified, this vocal-manner was reversed. A single
      Conventional (or, Modified) sequence embedded within a series of contrasting
      sequences and a "bad" pitch (clearly out of the strike-zone) were included as
      tests of the effectiveness of the experimental manipulation. Results indicated:
      (1) Modified umpiring enhanced confidence; (2) this effect was most prominent
      among highly experienced players; (3) low-anxiety players showed higher
      confidence under both conditions; (4) Modified sequences embedded within a
      Conventional background elicited significantly greater confidence than in the
      background sequences.

PMID- 980649
TI  - Attitude and personality differences in physically active and inactive university
      teachers.
AB  - This study assessed peronality factors and attitudes toward physical activity in
      a sample of university teachers. One group (N = 20) of subjects regularly
      participated in various forms of physical activity; the second (N = 20) showed no
      such interest. The psychological measures used were the Cattell 16 PF Form A and
      the Kenyon questionnaire on attitudes toward physical activity. Attitudes about
      physical activity rather than personality traits were shown to be important
      within the subpopulation studied.

PMID- 980650
TI  - Object, intensity and subject variables in visual evoked response.
AB  - 10 subjects were studied to determine AEP effects of square, circle, and blank
      stimuli with variable stimulus intensity. For the group as a whole, object and
      intensity effects were significant on a number of amplitude and latency measures,
      but the object effect appears largely to reflect the presence or absence of a
      figure, rather than its nature. Increased intensity differentially affected
      latency, shortening the first negative deflection while lengthening the second
      positive. Amplitude is generally increased with higher intensity. Analysis of
      within-subjects effects showed considerable variability as to which parameters
      were significantly related to the independent variables in individual subjects. A
      repeated-measures, within-subjects research strategy is seen as appropriate on
      the basis of these data.

PMID- 980651
TI  - Influence of recall on reliability of perception of the autokinetic illusion.
AB  - An autokinetic test was given to 76 females subjects who were then randomly
      assigned to 1 of 4 groups of 19 subjects each. Two groups were retested after 1
      and 6 wk., respectively. The other two groups were asked to recall their initial
      experience after 1 and 6 wk., respectively. Intertrial correlations of the
      measures were generally higher for the recall conditions than for the retest
      conditions. The results were discussed in terms of the potential influence that
      recall may have on the test-retest reliability of autokinesis.

PMID- 980652
TI  - Empathy in learning disabled children.
AB  - 25 7- to 12-yr.-old boys with visual perceptual problems and learning
      disabilities were compared on the Borke Scales for Empathy with a greater matched
      control group. The learning disabled group had significantly greater difficulty
      recognizing and labeling emotions.

PMID- 980653
TI  - Sex cues in estimating and performing a simple motor task.
AB  - The present study examined direct behavioral effects of sex cues in a modified
      level of aspiration experiment for 60 male and 60 female undergraduates. Each S
      was provided a constant referent score (25), identified as the average score,
      average score for men, or average score for women. E's sex was controlled and its
      effects examined. Male Ss estimated and performed significantly higher than
      female Ss. All Ss provided the average score for the men estimated and performed
      lower than Ss provided the average score for women. Effect of E's sex was
      nonsignificant. Results were discussed in terms of behavioral effects of sex-role
      stereotypes and the implications of such effects for future research.

PMID- 980654
TI  - Heterosexual social competence, anxiety, avoidance and self-judged physical
      attractiveness.
AB  - The relationship between self-judged physical attractiveness and opposite-sex
      behavior was examined as part of a large survey on the interaction patterns of
      963 college students. The findings suggest that a self-rated negative physical
      image is related to significantly high levels of heterosexual difficulties.

PMID- 980655
TI  - Information processing vs visual attention during incidental learning.
AB  - The relationship between attention and incidental learning during discrimination
      training was studied in 30 children, aged 10 to 11. A polymetric eye-movement
      recorder measured direct visual attention. Consistent with previous findings,
      recall of incidental stimuli was greatest during the initial and terminal stages
      of intentional learning. Contrary to previous explanations, however, visual
      attention to incidental stimuli was not related to training. While individual
      differences in attention to incidental stimuli were predictive of recall,
      attention to incidental stimuli was not related to level of training. Results
      suggested that changes in higher order information processing rather than direct
      visual attention were responsible for the curvilinear learning of incidental
      stimuli during intentional training.

PMID- 980656
TI  - Effects of prolonged practice on duration of spiral aftereffect: an ideographic
      study.
AB  - The effects of prolonged practice on the duration of the spiral aftereffect were
      investigated; 3,000 trials over 30 days with 5 levels of ambient illumination
      were randomly presented to a single subject. Scores gradually decreased until a
      plateau was reached during the last 13 days. A large decrement during the last 5
      days was attributed to a decision process component. An early difference in
      performance at different illumination levels was largely eliminated by the last 5
      days.

PMID- 980657
TI  - WISC characteristics of reading disabled children identified by three objective
      methods.
AB  - The WISC and Spache Reading Diagnostic Scales were administered to 119 third
      grade children. Groups of reading disabled children were selected by three
      objective methods (Below Grade Level, Bond and Tinker, and the Erickson Z-score
      Discrepancy). The Below Grade Level and Bond and Tinker methods tended to
      identify the same children whose IQs and reading achievement scores were below
      average. The Z-score method identified children with IQs at or above the group
      average. Comparison of the poor readers with control groups matched for IQ and
      sex gave only minimal evidence for WISC subtest patterns as characteristic of
      poor readers.

PMID- 980658
TI  - Reaction time as a function of peripheral retinal locus around fovea: effect of
      stimulus size.
AB  - Using targets of four sizes between 18' and 116' at a fixed luminance of 5.8
      cd/m2, human visual reaction times (RT) were measured on a circle at 30 degrees
      eccentric to the fovea. A foveal and 12 peripheral retinal loci were explored,
      covering the range between 0 degrees and 330 degrees in steps of 30 degrees units
      on a circle about the fovea. RT decreased significantly by the stimulation to the
      quadrant retinal loci between nasal and superior side. RT decreased as a function
      of increasing target size and the amount of decrement was relatively larger in
      the periphery than in the fovea.

PMID- 980659
TI  - Note on auditory perception of physiognomic properties in short melodic
      structures.
AB  - The present study shows that short melodies composed to conform with the Gestalt
      features of line-schematizations which had been drawn to be expressive of certain
      emotions and concepts were, in turn, judged by both 28 blind boys and girls and
      87 college students sighted subjects, according to prediction. The results are
      interpreted as supporting the underlying hypothesis that physiognomic properties
      are "similar" across modalities.

PMID- 980660
TI  - Subjective definitions of tension.
AB  - To examine the type of proprioceptive information which subjects include in the
      definition of tension, 52 subjects were asked to indicate the location of where
      they felt tension while engaging in a simple motor task. Responses indicated that
      tendon stretch, muscle tension, and other cues are utilized in the subject's
      definition of tension.

PMID- 980661
TI  - Practice effects for auditory localization: a test of a differentiation theory of
      perceptual learning and development.
AB  - Practice and transfer of practice in an auditory localization task were observed
      for three different information conditions (normal, transformed and reduced) to
      examine four aspects of Gibson's (1969) differentiation theory of perceptual
      learning and development. Support was found for the propositions that: (i)
      dimensions of difference, rather than prototypes, are learned; (ii) specificity
      is a more appropriate response measure than number of correct responses; (iii)
      perceptual learning will occur regardless of whether feedback is given or not;
      (iv) transfer of practice will be greater if dimensions of difference (as opposed
      to prototypes) are learned. It was also found that feedback during practice did
      not affect transfer. In an apparent contradiction though, specificity increased
      in the absence of dimension of difference. This increase was interpreted as being
      associated with the detection of non-task-related information and was seen as
      lending support to Gibson's hypothesis that, perceptual learning is motivated by
      intrinsic cognitive drive and is terminated by a reduction in subjective
      uncertainty.

PMID- 980662
TI  - Effect of yoga exercises on failures on the Kraus-Weber tests.

PMID- 980663
TI  - Personality dysfunction and lateralized deficits in cerebral functions as
      measured by the MMPI and Reitan-Halstead Battery.
AB  - Previous research using the MMPI has failed to show personality differences
      between right and left hemispheric brain-damaged patients. The purposes of the
      present study were, first to determine whether lateralized deficits in cortical
      functioning as measured by neuropsychological testing are systematically
      associated with neurotic-psychotic distinctions on the MMPI. Secondly, we wished
      to determine the strength of predictive association in the relationship between
      lateralized functional deficits and personality organization. A localization key
      (Russell, et al., 1972) was applied to the "Reitan-Battery" test results for 94
      patients who were referred for neuropsychological testing. Based on this
      approach, 15 pairs of patients were selected who were "left" or "right"
      hemispheric dysfunctional in terms of test performance. Pairs were  matched for
      age and "average impairment rating" (Russell, et al., 1972). Their MMPIs were
      also designated "neurotic" or "psychotic" using the Goldberg Psychotic Index
      (Goldberg, 1972). The results suggest that patients with deficits in left
      hemisphere functions tend to score in the psychotic range and patients with
      deficits in right hemispheric functions tend to score in the neurotic range of
      the MMPI Goldberg Index. In this set of data there was a 38% reduction in error
      of predicting neurotic-psychotic category but knowing whether the patient was
      left or right hemispheric dysfunctional in terms of neuropsychological tests.

PMID- 980664
TI  - Effect of item arrangement on perceived numerosity: randomness vs regularity.
AB  - Subjects were shown pairs of dot patterns, a regular one and a randomly arranged
      set, and were asked to say which appeared more numerous. In three experiments
      using 53 college students regular patterns appeared significantly more numerous
      than random arrays, with an average illusion of 5.5%. The results were discussed
      in relation to the breakdown of conservation of number.

PMID- 980665
TI  - Instructional control of sleep reduction.
AB  - Nightly sleep of 8 college students was gradually reduced from baseline levels by
      instructions implemented in a multiple baseline, changing criterion design. The
      reduction phases were 5%, 15%, and 30% decreases. Performance, academic, and
      sleepiness measures were collected. Consistent reductions occurred for all
      subjects from mean daily sleep times of 7.71 to 6.20 hr. per night, a 20%
      decrease. No negative side-effects were observed and subjects reported they
      enjoyed the additional free time afforded by reducing their sleep.

PMID- 980667
TI  - The perception of familiar stimuli.
AB  - A model is described for the processing of word-like (regular) and non-word-like
      (irregular) letter strings in a situation where either type of string may occur.
      It is proposed that each type of string is processed by specialised routines
      which are deployed contingently on an initial decision about the regularity of an
      item. Three experiments involving word/nonword and same/different responses
      investigate how the processing of a string is affected by the brief exposure of a
      prior string. It is shown that processing is interfered with less when both
      strings are of the same degree of regularity than when they are not. The model is
      revised and extended in the light of the results obtained as well as some
      theoretical considerations.

PMID- 980666
TI  - Three studies of personality: undergraduate students in physical education.
AB  - In Study I, 85 male undergraduate physical education majors were compared to the
      norms on the 1962 16 PF test; Ss were higher in ego strength, dominant,
      enthusiastic, practical, naive, self-assured, and group-dependent. In Study II,
      50 similar Ss took the 1967 test and were lower in intelligence, higher in
      superego strength, and were more practical and controlled. In Study III, 39
      similar female Ss took the 1967 test and were lower in intelligence, reserved,
      practical, and conservative. Centiles calculated from the raw scores showed the
      groups deviated from the normative groups by 15 points or more on some of these
      traits. Findings generally agree with previous work using the same instrument and
      disagree with common conclusions regarding fitness for teaching by other
      investigators using different instruments.

PMID- 980668
TI  - The contribution of relational factors to line-length matches.
AB  - Both Kunnapas and Rock and Ebenholtz investigated the effects of surrounding
      frame size upon line-length judgments. Whereas Kunnapas obtained errors of the
      order of 10-15%, typical of those which occur in other geometrical illusion
      figures, Rock and Ebenholtz reported errors closer to 100%. Rock and Ebenholtz
      claimed that perceived size is largely relationally determined and that this fact
      was obscured in Kubnapas experiment by allowing observers to compare the test
      lines directly with each other and within a common framework provided by the wall
      of the room. On the contrary, the experiments reported here suggested that errors
      in the Rock and Ebenholtz study may have been inflated by their use of
      nondirective instructions and by the confounded effects of other variables. When
      the Rock and Ebenholtz experiments were repeated with adequat controls over these
      variables, the effect of surrounding frames on line-length matches were of the
      order of 15-19%, similar to those of Kunnapas but much smaller than those
      reported by Rock and Ebenholtz. The complexity of the stimuli in the Rock and
      Ebenholtz type of experiment is such, however, that the effects of a number of
      variables and possible cue conflicts remain to be investigated.

PMID- 980669
TI  - Away from a unisex psychology: individual differences in visual sensory and
      perceptual processes.
AB  - Four tests of visual perception were given to twenty-five men and twenty-five
      women. These were a test of acuity, threshold for four field positions, visual
      persistence, and a measure of comfortable brightness. Subjects also completed
      five personality questionnaires. In most measures, differences were found to be
      related to sex rather than to personality factors. In fact, the analyses
      performed suggest that persenality tests do not measure equivalent processes in
      men and women. Correlational anaylsis showed all visual functions to be
      independent of one another with the exception of photopic acuity and scotopic
      threshold, which were highly correlated. Two new findings on the visual system
      emerged which have not been reported elsewhere: (i) Four distinct dark adaptation
      curves were produced, and have been labeled as exponential, flat-exponential,
      linear, and plateau. All subjects fell into one of these categories and showed a
      consistent trend to exhibit these curves for all field positions. (ii) Highly
      significant differences were found in sensitivity for the four visual fields, the
      upper field was superior, followed by the right, then left, with the lower visual
      field considerably poorer.

PMID- 980670
TI  - Sex differences in visual persistence: experiments on the Ganzfeld and
      afterimages.
AB  - Sex differences were investigated in two experiments on visual persistence: the
      Ganzfeld and the afterimage. Males were found to hold visual sensation longer
      than females, particularly in the Ganzfeld where there was little overlap of
      scores. Variability of experience in the Ganzfeld was also greater for males and
      they commonly reported 'blank-out' effects while females did not. There was
      further evidence from both experiments that females are more responsive to the
      long-wave region of the frequency spectrum.

PMID- 980671
TI  - Striate cortex potentials related to eye movements in the light and in darkness
      in the waking human.
AB  - Potentials in relation to eye movements were studied by means of direct recording
      of the striate cortex in a waking man. In a lighted environment, the usual evoked
      potential--lambda response--was obtained and was clearly visible after each eye
      movement. In complete darkness no individual potential was observable by means of
      visual analysis after each eye movement, but a slow potential of low amplitude
      could be obtained by superimposition and averaging of the cortical striate
      activity time-locked to the start of a series of eye movements. This eye-movement
      potential showed a longer latency and a lower amplitude than the lambda response.
      These data are discussed in reference to those obtained in the cat and the
      monkey; the significance of this eye-movement potential in darkness as a
      'corollary discharge' is considered.

PMID- 980672
TI  - The aftereffect of tracking eye movements.
AB  - When observers tracked moving stripes across a background either of stationary
      stripes, or of stripes moving in the opposite direction, they saw a clear motion
      aftereffect when the stripes stopped moving. The direction of this aftereffect
      was opposite to that of the previously tracked stripes, and was thus the same as
      the direction of the retinal movement of the non-tracked stripes. This
      aftereffect of tracking was shown not to depend upon slippage of the tracked
      contours on the retina during tracking, or upon the saccadic phase of optokinetic
      nystagmus. The effect showed storage over a period of time with the eyes shut. It
      appears that the effect is due to induced movement, and arises originally from
      stimulation of the retina by background contours in the tracking phase. This was
      shown by confining the view of the moving target to one eye, while permitting
      both eyes to be exposed to background stimulation during tracking. After such
      stimulation the magnitude of the aftereffect was equal in the two eyes.

PMID- 980673
TI  - The perpendicular error and the vertical effect in children's drawing.
AB  - It has been known for some time that children have particular difficulty drawing
      lines that are not perpendicular. But this difficulty has not been studied
      systematically. By systematically varying, in three experiments, the baseline,
      the response, and the kind of figures to be copied, we showed that the tendency
      to draw angles as more perpendicular than they actually are is a general one
      which occurs as much with abstract as with meaningful material and with radically
      different responses. We also discovered an unexpected effect, the vertical
      effect, which takes the form of the error occurring much less when a vertical
      baseline is involved than with other baselines.

PMID- 980674
TI  - The magic number 4 +/- 0: a new look at visual numerosity judgements.
AB  - Visual numerosity judgements were made for tachistoscopically presented linear
      arrays of dots or lines. The interelement interval (which could be specified in
      spatial frequency terms) was constant for a given array but varied across
      conditions. A clear limit in the accuracy of numerosity judgements was found to
      be set at 4 for regularly spaced elements with spatial frequencies below
      approximately 10 cycles/deg (element and interelement interval of 0-05 deg). This
      limit in terms of accuracy is accompanied by a fast and almost constant response
      time for arrays of 4 or less, compared to response times for arrays of more than
      4 elements. The limit in accuracy falls to 2 elements rather than 4 for spacing
      narrower than 0-05 deg alghough with such spacing the elements are still easily
      resolved. The limit of 4 is found if the stimulus is a bright afterimage, lasting
      for approximately 60 s. This result suggests that the limit is independent of the
      time allowed for a single fixation and is a perceptual limit rather than a limit
      in some memory buffer. 'Numerosity' units are propsoed to account for the
      results.

PMID- 980675
TI  - The dependence of the visual numerosity limit on orientation, colour, and
      grouping in the stimulus.
AB  - Visual numerosity judgements were made for tachistoscopically presented arrays of
      dots. The arrangement within the arrays was either linear or such that dots could
      be easily perceptually subdivided into two groups. Subdivision was either in
      terms of an orientation difference, a colour difference, or a spacing difference
      in the centre of the array. For a large difference in orientation between the two
      'arms' of the array (90 degrees), or a large central space (three times the
      interdot interval) up to 8 dots were accurately perceived. This numerosity limit
      was twice that found for equivalent linear arrays, with no grouping. Although in
      terms of accuracy it seems that in these conditions the two groups within each
      array can be counted independently, there is no evidence for independent
      processing in terms of response times. From the results of a subsidiary
      experiment it seems likely that the slow response times in the subgrouping
      conditions are due to the necessity of processes other than counting (such as
      judgements of symmetry). For arrays where subgrouping was in teems of a colour
      difference, or an orientation difference of between approximately 45 degrees and
      90 degrees, or a small central space of twice the interdot interval, there was an
      improvement in accuracy compared to equivalent linear arrays, but no evidence of
      independent processing, up to a limit of 4, in each of the subgroups. From these
      preliminary results, tentative proposals concerning 'numerosity' units and their
      properties are made.

PMID- 980676
TI  - Implicit-shape constancy: a cross-cultural comparison.
AB  - A group of Scottish schoolchildren were tested on a task intended to measure the
      effect of implicit-shape constancy, and the scores were compared with those
      obtained from African samples. It was found that both groups were influenced by
      the implicit-shape constancy although the influence was less in the African
      sample. The relationship of these findings to other published reports of cross
      cultural research into pictorial perception and susceptibility to illusions is
      discussed.

PMID- 980677
TI  - Model-driven interpretation in intelligent vision systems.
AB  - With a constructive knowledge-based theory of perception as its foundation, this
      paper starts with a review and critique of some artificial-intelligence programs
      that purport to see. It is then argued that these computer programs for scene
      analysis offer the hope of providing a more adequate account oo the current
      psychological theories. This thesis has several aspects. The one emphasized here
      is that those programs have explored a variety of methods of incorporating a
      priori knowledge of objects through the use of models. After outlining the range
      of models used, presenting a set of criteria for evaluating the use of model
      information, and sketching some psychological theories, the various proposals are
      contrasted. This discussion leads to two new proposals for exploiting model
      information that involve elaborations of an existing program, POLY.

PMID- 980678
TI  - [Balanced labor market].

PMID- 980679
TI  - [Belittling and sensation-seeking in the discussion of adverse effects of drugs].

PMID- 980680
TI  - [Work and health in the Soviet Union--research and health care services].

PMID- 980682
TI  - [Supply and demand of doctors--the prognosis as seen from the Scandinavian
      viewpoint].

PMID- 980681
TI  - [Gloomy prognosis at a Scandinavian meeting of physicians: can emigration, new
      assignments solve the problem of surplus doctors?].

PMID- 980683
TI  - [How do doctors influence costs of health care?].

PMID- 980685
TI  - [Self-instruction in medical education].

PMID- 980684
TI  - [Centralization and analysis of spin-off effects save more than expense-hunting
      by heads of departments].

PMID- 980686
TI  - [Vision of health care in the future: everyone will be responsible for his own
      health. Health service personnel will be health advisers].

PMID- 980687
TI  - [Delimitation (limit bending) in medicine].

PMID- 980688
TI  - [Round table discussion on urinary tract infections: accentuate the demands for
      specimen handling. Stake more on general treatment].

PMID- 980689
TI  - [Conclusions from a consumer survey. A great many cases in hospital from general
      practitioners. Do too many doctor's visits point to bad quality?].

PMID- 980690
TI  - [Delimitation study. Can primary health care take over 20 percent of visits to
      hospital outpatient clinics?].

PMID- 980691
TI  - [Clinical theory--a missing specialty].

PMID- 980692
TI  - Changes in medical education--treatment without diagnosis?

PMID- 980693
TI  - Pituitary dwarfism in German shepherd dogs: additional evidence of simple,
      autosomal recessive inheritance.
AB  - Previous observations suggested that pituitary dwarfism of German Shepherd dogs
      is due to simple, autosomal recessive inheritance, but own data were insufficient
      to test the hypothesis. The total material now includes six dwarfs from five
      litters. Omitting the proband litter, a total of 21 dogs from four litters, each
      with one dwarf, were relevant for testing goodness of fit. The observed
      segregation ratio was in agreement with that expected and thus supported the
      genetic hypothesis. According to this hypothesis it was possible to point at
      various heterozygous carriers among ancestors of the dwarfs within a pedigree
      comprising 13 generations.

PMID- 980694
TI  - Lung lesions at slaughter: associations to factors in the pig herd.
AB  - A survey was made of available data files to gain a preliminary insight into the
      association between environmental factors and the prevalence at slaughter of lung
      lesions. Herd size was the factor that showed the most predominant association
      with the prevalence of lung lesions. This was largely independent of the
      recruitment system for weanlings. There was a moderate trend toward positive
      association between the prevalence of lung lesions and the prevalence of other
      lesions. Lung lesions were weakly but significantly associated with the
      occurrence of infectious diarrhoea in the herd. The investigation demonstrated
      the feasibility of and the need for continuous epidemiological studies to
      identify disease determinants. Studies of the nature reported here makes it
      possible to define essential health factors with an accuracy that could never be
      achieved through clinical observations in a few herds.

PMID- 980695
TI  - Zinc as a possible causal factor in the sterilizing sperm tail defect, the 'Dag
      defect', in Jersey bulls.
AB  - The zinc content was determined in semen samples from four young Danish Jersey
      bulls showing the typical 'Dag defect' (greater than 50% strongly coiled or bent
      sperm tails). Two of the bulls were half brothers. Semen samples from 14 normal
      fertile Jersey bulls served as controls. The normal material showed a zinc
      content in the centrifuged sperm of 190 +/- 15.8 mug/g d.w. and in the seminal
      plasma 81 +/- 31.2 mug/g d.w. In the four abnormal bulls the following elevated
      values were found: in the centrifuged sperm 310 +/- 109.5 mug/g d.w. and in the
      seminal plasma 137 +/- 75.2 mug/g d.w. (see figs. 1 and 2). One of the Dag
      defect's main localizations, the outer dense tail fibers, has a very high zinc
      content and this fact together with the heredity of the defect make further
      studies most promising.

PMID- 980696
TI  - Epidemiology of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy.
AB  - Mycotoxic porcine nephropathy is a renal disorder caused by ingestion of feed
      borne secondary fungal metabolites, possessing nephrotoxic properties. The
      disease is present endemically in all areas of Denmark, but unevenly distributed,
      with frequency varying from 0.6 to 65.9 cases per 10,000 pigs in 1971. Epidemics
      were encountered in 1963 and 1971, apparently associated with excessive climatic
      conditions. The highest frequency of the disease is found among pigs from the
      smaller farms. Ordinarily the same farm delivers cases during only one year.
      Female pigs contract the disease more frequently than male (castrated) pigs. The
      epidemiology of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy shows similarities with the
      epidemiology of endemic Balkan nephropathy.

PMID- 980697
TI  - A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. II. Microflora of the normal skin of
      dogs and cats.
AB  - A study of the microflora of the normal skin was undertaken in 10 dogs and 10
      cats. Swabs were taken from the surface of the skin at 7 different sites (Fig.
      1). Micrococcus spp., alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Acinetobacter spp. were
      found consistently in both species. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 9
      dogs and 4 cats, and staphylococcus epidermidis from 7 dogs and 5 cats. Beta
      hemolytic streptococci, Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli,
      Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas spp., and Alcaligenes spp. were found
      sporadically.

PMID- 980698
TI  - [Gout, obesity and the pleasures of the table. Comparison between 40 patients
      with gout and 40 controls].

PMID- 980699
TI  - [Gastroplasty in the treatment of obesity].

PMID- 980700
TI  - [Patency of the auriculo-ventricular valves. Peroperative control after
      annuloplasty or insertion of a prosthesis].

PMID- 980701
TI  - [Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea].

PMID- 980702
TI  - [Bronchial biopsies in mediastino-pulmonary sarcoidosis: fibroscopy or
      bronchoscopy].

PMID- 980703
TI  - [Dysenteric syndrome and urticaria in giardiasis].

PMID- 980704
TI  - [Action of dopamine during spinal anesthesia].

PMID- 980705
TI  - [Genetic control of the complement level by the principal histocompatibility
      complex].

PMID- 980706
TI  - [Hepatic complications from steroid hormones].

PMID- 980707
TI  - [A case of mixed hyperlipemia in the umbilical cord blood. Importance of genetic
      and preventive aspects of this finding].

PMID- 980708
TI  - [A new approach to internal jugular vein in catheterization].

PMID- 980709
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis in the course of meprobamate poisoning. Possible role of
      pressor amine therapy].

PMID- 980710
TI  - [Better use of hospital assignments in the 2nd cycle. Why? How?].

PMID- 980711
TI  - [Isotope study of the effects of a nitrate derivative on pulmonary blood volume.
      Application in the treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema].
AB  - Isotopic study of pulmonary and ventricular blood volumes after the ingestion of
      5 mg of isosorbide dinitrate showed that cardio-pulmonary blood volume decreased
      by 380 ml without any change in total circulating blood volume. The demonstration
      of this effective "internal venesection" explains the fall in capillary pressure
      seen after the administration of nitrate derivatives. It justifies their use in
      the treatment of acute pulmonary oedema or refractory cardiac failure and
      explains the results observed.

PMID- 980712
TI  - [Amylase clearance compared to creating clearance in diagnosis of acute
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 980713
TI  - [Association of systemic scleroderma, hepatopathy and Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome.
      2 cases: coincidence of pathogenic relationship?].

PMID- 980714
TI  - [Vasectomy: consequences and indications].

PMID- 980715
TI  - [Thrombocythemia following breast cancer].

PMID- 980716
TI  - [Presence of Sternberg's cells in lupus adenopathy].

PMID- 980717
TI  - [Etiological diagnosis of cholestatic icterus by mini-laparotomy].

PMID- 980718
TI  - [Anti-arrhthmic effects of injectable amiodarone in resuscitation during
      cardiovascular surgery, 2 cases].

PMID- 980719
TI  - [Sudden edema of the scrotum following puncture for ascites].

PMID- 980720
TI  - [Allergic pulmonary granulomatosis due to leaf-mould].

PMID- 980721
TI  - [Treatment of zona and varicella. Effectiveness of lysozyme].

PMID- 980722
TI  - [Orthostatic arterial hypertension in the aged].

PMID- 980723
TI  - [Iatrogenic acute colitis caused by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim].

PMID- 980724
TI  - [Reflexions on clinical psychiatry].

PMID- 980725
TI  - [Severe hyperkalemia in cardiac patients].
AB  - Hyperkalaemia with severe myocardial consequence may complicate the treatment of
      heart failure. In five patients who developed kalaemia ranging from 6.5. to 8.6.
      mEq/l, the ECG showed altered auriculogram and/or widened QRS, the latter change
      being associated with ST segment elevation and very large T wave in one case.
      Such hyperkalaemia cannot be termed iatrogenic, although it is promoted by
      diuretic-induced hyponatraemia and dehydration. The essential part is played by
      an aggravation of the haemodynamic status, responsible for acute renal
      insufficiency with oligoanuria, and by the attendant metabolic acidosis. The
      correction of this metabolic acidosis promotes diuresis, causing potassium
      depletion and the rapid regression of electrocardiographic abnormalities.
      Parenteral alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate, associated with furosemid to
      prevent sodium overload, instituted in emergency, is the only way to prevent
      asystole or ventricular fibrillation when kalaemia exceeds 8 mEq/l.

PMID- 980727
TI  - [Intestinal absorption of vitamin E in the low birth weight infant].

PMID- 980726
TI  - [Effect of a polyvitamin preparation on the immune response to antibodies.
      Demonstration of the immunostimulating activity of propylene glycol].
AB  - Humoral antibody to sheep erythrocytes was studied by plaque forming cell and
      hemagglutinin assays in mice receiving a polyvitaminic preparation containing
      vitamins A, D, E, and C. A statistically significant increase in PFC on days 6,
      12 and 18 after immunization, and an increase in hemagglutinin titers was
      observed in animals treated with this vitamin containing solution. These results
      are interpreted as an immunostimulating activity of the preparation.
      Nevertheless, as shown by the results obtained with each component injected
      separately, a major proportion of the immunostimulating activity seems to be
      related to propylene glycol, a simple compound contained as an hydrodispersant in
      the preparation. Further studies of the immunostimulating properties of propylene
      glycol are now in progress in our laboratory.

PMID- 980728
TI  - [Testicular secretions of androgens after prolonged physical effort in man].
AB  - Variations in plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone. delta 4 androstenedione,
      LH, FSH and cortisol were measured before and after 6 succesive effort tests in
      11 male subjects. Testicular secretion and the extra-hepatic consumption of
      androgens are increased by the haemodynamic conditions of effort but plasma
      levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone fall with repeated effort,
      indicating a progressive imbalance between production and consumption. These
      variations suggest that the testis, rather than glucocorticoid function of the
      adrenal, might play a major limiting role, psychological and metabolic, in
      tolerance of prolonged effort.

PMID- 980729
TI  - [Radiologic signs in fractures of the lumbar spine. "Let us look at the
      vertebra"].

PMID- 980730
TI  - [Caroli's disease with acute pancreatitis and angiocholitis. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic value of endoscopic choledochowirsungography].

PMID- 980731
TI  - [Local anesthesia in proctology].

PMID- 980732
TI  - [Closed thorax pericardial biopsy].

PMID- 980733
TI  - [Effects of treatment of varicocele on male sterility. Fertility of 84 operated
      patients].

PMID- 980734
TI  - [Cardiac tamponade. An accident during resuscitation not to be ignored].

PMID- 980735
TI  - [Comparative effect of cyclandelate and papaverine on the cerebral circulation of
      the rabbit].

PMID- 980736
TI  - [Value of thallium 201 in the estimation of exchangeable potassium].

PMID- 980737
TI  - [Thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus after lacrimal catheterization].

PMID- 980738
TI  - [Echography of the left auricular wall after electroversion of an auricular
      fibrillation].

PMID- 980739
TI  - [Influence of diuretics on renal elimination of lithium].

PMID- 980740
TI  - [Apparent cure with a progestagen of endometrial cancer with pulmonary
      metastases].

PMID- 980741
TI  - [Water consumption in Saharan nomads. A remarkably reduced and constant
      consumption].
AB  - The writer has carried out two studies of the Western Sahara (Missions UNESCO
      Institut Scientifique Cherifien 1961 and 1964) bearing upon the consumption of
      water by the Saharan nomads. In spite of their environment, the consumption
      appeared to be remarkably low and constant. Very strict dietary practices, the
      salinity of the water, and special behavioural customs seemed to be the basis of
      this strict economy of fluid intake. Genetic factors could also, of course, be
      partly responsible. The dietary practices are characterised essentially: 1) by a
      regime which in general contains the minimum of protein: milk foods, cereals, and
      sugars, and 2) by the habitual exclusion of salt in the preparation of meals; the
      sodium necessary for water/sodium balance deriving solely from the salinity of
      the water. Water with little or average salt content (total 2-3 g/l) seems to
      meet the normal needs of the body - there is no need for the salt pill - and,
      moreover, to quench the thirst more effectively than pure water (Paque, 1964) -
      presumably by making good the deficit (cf. Stricker, 1970). On the other hand,
      saltier water (total 4-8g/; Na 1 g/l or more) appears to pose more complex
      physiological problems for which the prime solution is to apply the Saharan rule,
      i.e. that no supplementary salt should be added to the diet (Paque, 1963). In
      desert life there are thus certain rules which must be obeyed. As for the matter
      of behavioural customs influencing water balance, they consist in the main of
      habitually limiting the frequency of water intake (often just twice daily,
      sometime only once daily) together with a careful choice of clothing and the
      wearing of the veil. Finally, genetic factor could result in a more efficiently
      controlled loss of water (and of salt?) VIA THE SKIN.

PMID- 980742
TI  - [Treatment of type II familial hypercholesterolemia by portacaval anastomosis].
AB  - Termino-lateral porto-caval anastomosis seems at present to be the most effective
      treatment for severe familial hypercholesterolaemia. The mechanism by which it
      acts has not been determined and its long term results are not known. One success
      and one failure confirm the immediate action of anastomosis in a condition with a
      fatal prognosis.

PMID- 980743
TI  - [Myocardial and coronary lesions in anterior and posterior myocardial infarction.
      Comparative macroscopic anatomical study].
AB  - Comparative anatomical macroscopic study of two groups of 24 cases of recently
      fatal first myocardial infarction (anterior or inferior) confirmed certain
      classical notions: higher age in females (p less than 0.02), inferior necrosis
      less extensive (p less than 0.05), higher occurrence of rupture of the myocardium
      in the case or an anterior lesion, and less frequent rupture but more often
      involving the septum in the case of inferior infarction. Furthermore the study
      showed the virtually constant presence of an intracoronary thrombus responsible
      for the infarction, the wider extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the right
      coronary system, and, above all, a fairly direct opposition between stenotic
      lesions most often proximal, and affecting the single anterior trunk (75%), in
      the case of anterior infarction, whilst significant atherosclerotic occlusion of
      the anterior (87%) and left (67%) systems were seen in the case of inferior
      infarction due to complete occlusion of the right coronary artery. These
      anatomical findings indicate the need for routine coronary arteriography after
      inferior infarctions, the recurrence of chest pain being related not to changes
      "in sity" but rather to significant occlusion of another coronary system.

PMID- 980744
TI  - [Pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis. 1 case].

PMID- 980745
TI  - [Current aspects of acute amebic abscess of the liver. 3 cases].

PMID- 980746
TI  - [Double outlet right ventricle. Complete correction in 2 infants].

PMID- 980747
TI  - [Cytophagic sinus lymphadenitis. Etiopathogenic remarks].

PMID- 980748
TI  - [Value of the D-xylose test in disorders of the intestinal mucosa and use of
      French in medical publications].

PMID- 980749
TI  - [Letter: Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism by calcium heparinate:
      standard or personalized treatment?].

PMID- 980750
TI  - [Electromyographic recording during encephalopathy caused by bismuth salts].

PMID- 980751
TI  - [Partial hepatectomy with aortic clamping].

PMID- 980752
TI  - [Primary localization of Hodgkin's disease of the pleura].

PMID- 980753
TI  - [Femoral neuralgia revealing rupture of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 980754
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of the early pregnancy: from what point?].

PMID- 980755
TI  - [A case of 4 simultaneous primary cancers].

PMID- 980756
TI  - [Value of testing comprehension during teaching].

PMID- 980757
TI  - [Immunologic evaluations during prolonged and chronic hepatitis. Significance for
      diagnosis and prognosis. 100 cases].
AB  - This retrospective study illustrates the valuable contribution of immunological
      studies carried out during the third month of hepatitis. The persistence of HBs
      antigen at this stage of the disease considerably increases the risk of chronic
      hepatitis though not necessarily implying progression to cirrhosis. The latter
      should be feared if there is a marked increase in gamma globulins and in the
      presence of a high level of anti-smooth muscle and antinuclear antibodies.
      Amongst the other immunological features, an increase in IgA and IgM also
      indicates the possibility of progression from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis.
      Comparative study in chronic active hepatitis of HBs antigen and various
      antibodies indicates essentially three types: - CAH with Ag HBs without auto
      antibodies - Auto-immune CAH without Ag HBs - CAH without auto-antibodies nor Ag
      HBs. Progression to cirrhosis appears to be less frequent in the first group than
      in the second.

PMID- 980758
TI  - [Does chronic psychosis due to amphetamines abuse exist? Study of 25 drug
      addicts].
AB  - The development of a psychotic process was noted in seven amphetamine addicts who
      had been seen over a period of several years before onset of the psychosis and
      who had no psychotic tendencies before the addiction. This group was compared
      with two from the standpoint of the symptomatology of acute psychosis; i.e. acute
      psychotic episodes under the effects of amphetamines in individuals who were not
      psychotic before addiction and who were cured at present, and acute psychotic
      episodes under the effects of amphetamines in individuals who were psychotic at
      the time of becoming amphetamine addicts. This comparative study attempts to
      define the signs which precede the development of a chronic psychosis and
      includes a discussion concerning the clinical picture and its correlation with
      the pre-existent personality.

PMID- 980759
TI  - [Cervical ribs. Therapeutic deliberations apropos of 10 cases].
AB  - The authors report ten cases of cervical ribs operated upon in 7 patients. The
      predominantly neurological symptoms and signs were associated with vascular
      problems in 3 cases, with intermittent compression of the sub-clavian vessels.
      Treatment consisted of resection of the cervical rib and the first rib via an
      extra-pleural axillary approach using the technique described by Roos. It gave 10
      good results with a follow-up of 6 months to 3 years. The authors emphasise the
      fact that this pathology falls within the context of compressive syndromes of the
      root of the upper limb or thoracic outlet syndrome. Such a conception justifies
      associated resection of the first rib which should give better long term results
      than simple resection of the extra rib.

PMID- 980761
TI  - [Day care in geriatrics. The geriatric day hospital].

PMID- 980760
TI  - [Hepatosplenic peliosis. Angiographic signs].

PMID- 980762
TI  - [Disorders of hemostasis during partial hepatectomies. Study of 20 cases].
AB  - Changes in blood coagulation have been studied during and after 20 elective
      hepatic lobectomies, most of them for tumors necessitating extensive resection
      (17 right lobectomies, 10 of which were extended to the medial segment of the
      left lobe). In addition, 9 unresectable tumors, as proved by exploratory
      laparotomy, were taken for controls. Before operation, hemostasis in essentially
      normal except a hyperfibrinogenemia and a slight increase of fibrinogen split
      products in half the cases. Factor VIII antigen levels are consistently
      increased. During mobilization of the liver an increased fibrinolytic activity
      and soluble complexes are frequently observed. Fibrinolysic activity
      spontaneously returns to normal at the end of the operation, except in cirrhotic
      patients. No bleeding disthesis is observed and haemorrhage appears to be related
      to technical problems. On the other hand, there is no clinical evidence of
      thromboembolism after operation. Therefore any specific therapy either pro or
      anti-coagulant, appears unjustified, apart from the eventual and transient
      administration of antifibrinolytic drugs in cirrhotic patients. In the post
      operative period, blood clotting factors synthetized by the liver (prothrombin
      complex and antithrombin III) slowly return to normal. Rapid correction of hypo
      accelerinaemia reflects the onset of liver regeneration. A simplified method for
      surveying hemostasis during and after liver resection is proposed.

PMID- 980763
TI  - [Influence of indomethacin on the course of glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 980764
TI  - [Pulmonary embolism with right-left shunt and paradoxical embolism].

PMID- 980765
TI  - [Direct communication between Wirsung's duct and the pleura during enzymatic
      pleurisy. Demonstration by wirsungography].

PMID- 980766
TI  - [Acquired toxoplasmosis during the course of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 980767
TI  - [IgE changes in pollinosis after desensitization].

PMID- 980768
TI  - [Effects of an antiperistaltic loop after gastro-intestinal resection].

PMID- 980769
TI  - [Distribution of HBs antigen subtypes in the Antilles].

PMID- 980770
TI  - [Paraneoplastic subacute cerebellar atrophy during Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 980771
TI  - [Value of carotido-brachial shuting in various revascularizations of the upper
      limb].

PMID- 980772
TI  - [Hepatic puncture biopsy by the transjugular route].
AB  - The authors report their experience of transjugular liver biopsy, a method which
      consists in taking a liver specimen with a needle placed in a hepatic vein. This
      method was used in 13 patients in whom conventional liver needle biopsy was
      contraindicated because of massive ascites or bleeding tendency. In 10 of these
      patients, a liver specimen was obtained; in patients with cirrhosis or chronic
      active hepatitis, the liver specimens were more or less divided into small
      fragments, which prevented correct assessment of liver architecture in three of
      them. The examination was well tolerated. The authors conclude that transjugular
      liver biopsy is not technically difficult in centers where hepatic vein
      catheterization is available and that this method is indicated in patients in
      whom conventional liver needle biopsy is contraindicated.

PMID- 980773
TI  - [Pregnancy in women with atrioventricular block. 13 cases].
AB  - Thirteen women aged between 18 and 37 years and suffering from atrio-ventricular
      block had 36 pregnancies. Foetal prognosis was excellent and the pregnancy quite
      unaffected by the block in 9 cases. In 4 women, Stokes-Adams attacks occurred. In
      one case from some time ago therapeutic abortion was necessary. Temporary pacing
      at the time of delivery was used in one case and a permanent pacemaker in one
      patient. The problems posed by the insertion of a pacemaker in a woman of
      childbearing age are discussed.

PMID- 980774
TI  - [Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of polymetastic breast cancer.
      Comparison of therapeutic effects of 2 methods of sequential drug administration.
      Role of adriamycin in these combinations].
AB  - One thousand and twenty four patients with disseminated breast cancer were
      submitted to combination chemotherapy. Fifty one patients (group I) were
      sequentially given VCR, CPM and 5 FU, and seventy three patients (group II) were
      given ADM, VCR, CPM and 5 FU. The general and haematological tolerance was good
      and comparable in the both groups of patients: we observed only two severe
      infectious complications. Bonemarrow hypoplasia, six myocardial ischemia (two of
      them were lethal) in each group of patients, without any predominance in the
      group of patients treated with adriamycin. The percentage of objective regression
      in both groups was respectively: 72% and 71%. The mean duration of response was
      eight months. The median survival time was 420 days for patients of group I; for
      patients of group II the median is not obtained at 480 days. This study confirms
      that responders to chemotherapy significantly increase the mean duration of
      survival time. However, in this group of responders the presence of the liver
      metastases is worse prognosis than all other visceral metastases.

PMID- 980775
TI  - [Treatment of periodic disease with colchicine].

PMID- 980776
TI  - [Transitory elevation of ST segment in a patient with coronary disease and
      arrhythmias without pain. A particular form of Prinzmetal's angina].

PMID- 980777
TI  - [Pressure transmitted during the injection of fluid by a small caliber tubing].

PMID- 980778
TI  - [Detection of ventricular reflux during isotope cisternography].

PMID- 980779
TI  - Hematologic toxicity of thiophenicol.

PMID- 980780
TI  - [Subacute toxic hepatitis and perhexiline maleates].

PMID- 980781
TI  - [Assay of carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancers].

PMID- 980782
TI  - [Gonococcal spondylodiscitis].

PMID- 980783
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism after intravenous urography].

PMID- 980784
TI  - [Aggravation of hypoxemia in infectious shocks by perfusion of dopamine].

PMID- 980785
TI  - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphopathies. Apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 980786
TI  - [Treatment of anal fissure].

PMID- 980787
TI  - [The effect of alcohol on thirst].

PMID- 980788
TI  - [Value of radionuclide imaging for the emergency diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
      27 cases].
AB  - The urgent nature of certain cases of pulmonary ambolism limits the examinations
      possible to a minimum which should be rapid, immediately interpretable,
      absolutley harmless and of proven reliability. We reviewed 27 cases of patients
      referred fro possible embolectomy in a cardiovascular surgery service from 1968
      to 1975. Infusion scintigraphy was carried out in all the patients and 20
      underwent surgery. Retrospective study of these cases indicates that infusion
      lung scintigraphy confirmed the diagnosis in all 27 and indicated the need for
      medical or surgical treatment. The problems which were posed by certain
      scintigraphic images obtained using a scanning apparatus with iodine mabelled
      macro-agregates have disappeared with current techniques: the use of microemboli
      labelled with Technetium, a short-life low energy isotope, together with a
      scintillation camera which gives rapid AP and lateral views, the latter being
      essential in the determination of the topographical distribution of the defects.

PMID- 980789
TI  - [The small left colon syndrome. 3 cases].
AB  - In the light of three cases of neonatal obstruction related to a small calibre
      descending colon, the authors review the main clinical and radiological signs and
      compare them with the data in the literature. This functional disturbance is
      related to immaturity of the intrinsic innervation of the colon which is
      especially common in low birth weight neonates or of diabetic mothers. Diagnosis
      is dependent upon enema using diluted uroangiographic hydrosoluble iodine
      contrast medium, which shows a disparity in calibre at the left colic angle. The
      differential diagnosis lies with Hirschsprung's disease. Functional ileus in
      premature infants, meconium ileus and the "small left colon syndrome" are related
      to the same pathogenisis: functional immaturity of the colon.

PMID- 980790
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the deltoid muscle].

PMID- 980791
TI  - [Selective vagotomy with preservation of gastric coronary vessels, for
      combination with antrectomy].

PMID- 980792
TI  - Diagnosis of superior vena caval obstruction without syndrome.
AB  - Ten patients with known malignant intra-thoracic tumors and no evidence of
      superior vena cava syndrome were evaluated by means of scintillation camera
      superior venacavograms. Four of the ten patients proved to have unsuspected
      involvement of the superior vena cava or its tributaries. The scintillation camer
      superior venacavogram provides a quick, safe, and accurate method of evaluating
      the patency of the SVC and its tributaries. We suggest that it should be
      routinely performed on all patients prior to beginning radiation therapy for
      malignant intra-thoracic tumors.

PMID- 980793
TI  - [Changes in perfusion and blood flow distribution following normo- and
      hypothermic ischemia of the kidneys].
AB  - Experimental examinations were performed in 22 dogs to find out the mechanism
      which leads to a permanent or a reversible damage of the renal parenchyma after
      normo- and hypothermic ischemia. For this reason the perfusion and the
      distribution were examined with 133Xe, the vascular changes by angiography, and
      the parenchymal function with 131I-Hippuran. After normothermic ischemia a short
      term reactive hyperemia appeared, which however could not compensate the damage
      of the renal tubular cells and the resulting excretory insufficiency. After
      hypothermic ischemia the perfusion was reduced, probably as a consequence of a
      vasconstriction by cold, however, the function of the tubular cells remained
      intact, because of the protective mechanism of the hypothermia. The importance of
      these findings for the development of the so-called "shock-kidney" (acute tubular
      necrosis) and for the conservative renal surgery in hypothermia is discussed and
      the application of measures beneficial to perfusion, are suggested.

PMID- 980794
TI  - Determination of placental blood flow by external monitoring of 113In.
AB  - A simple and noninvasive technique was developed to evaluate the blood perfusion
      rate within human placenta. The method is based on monitoring the accumulation of
      the isotope 113mIn in the placental intervillous space using a single detector as
      a measuring device. The result was expressed as an accumulation index calculated
      from the tracer appearance curve. The In accumulation index was significantly
      lower in preeclamptic patients than in the controls, but with a marked
      overlapping. The In index was significantly correlated with the simultaneously
      recorded maternal minute volume, 24-hour estrogen excretion and birthweight. No
      correlation was found with the placental weight or Laakso's perfusion index.
      Uterine contractions induced a significant decrease in the In index. The authors
      conclude that the In accumulation index can be used as an objective measure of
      the placental blood flow.

PMID- 980795
TI  - Characterization of an intravenously injected bolus.
AB  - A study of some parameters affecting the time activity histogram of an
      intravenous bolus injection of radioactivity was performed. A scoring system for
      bolus compactness was attempted. A score of 2 and above was considered to be a
      satisfactory bolus. Volumes less than 1 ml tended to result in a satisfactory
      bolus. The nature of the radiopharmaceutical injected, different injecters and
      age of the patient did not affect the score. Thyrotoxic patients gave the best
      bolus score.

PMID- 980796
TI  - 57Co-hematoporphyrin accumulation by experimental tumors.
AB  - The in vivo distribution of 57Co-hematoporphyrin in adenocarcinoma BW10232
      bearing mice has been studied. Tumor-bearing and normal animals exhibit similar
      patterns of radioactivity accumulation. Twenty-four hours after the
      administration of the radiocompound the ratios tumor to blood and tumor to muscle
      indicate a potential value of this radioactive porphyrin for the detection of
      some types of tumor.

PMID- 980797
TI  - Mechanism of 67Ga accumulation in normal rat liver lysosomes.
AB  - 67Ga accumulates in various malignant tumors and parenchymatous tissues. It was
      found to be associated with the soluble fraction of lysosomes (11). The present
      work investigates the mechanism of 67Ga accumulation in normal liver cells.
      Lysosomes were isolated from rat liver after intravenous injection of carrier
      free 67Ga. The soluble lysosomal fraction was obtained by sonication followed by
      centrifugation at 105,000 xg for 2 hrs. Gel filtration on Sephadex G 25 superfine
      was carried out on the soluble lysosomal fraction in order to investigate the
      stability of the 67Ga-protein complex within the lysosomes under EDTA treatment.
      After treatment with 1 mM/l EDTA a considerable amount of the protein bound
      radioactivity was found to be liberated. In further experiments the 67Ga binding
      lysosomal proteins were fractionated by electrophoresis on 7% polyacrylamide gels
      (0.5 cm x 5.5 cm). After staining with Coomassie blue 18 separated protein bands
      were apparent. 67Ga distribution within the gels was assessed by direct counting
      of radioactivity in gel slices. A considerable amount of the intralysosomal
      protein bound radioactivity migrated with a relative mobility of 0.36
      corresponding to a protein band of molecular weight 85,000--90,000. This peak
      corresponded to the peak of 67Ga-labelled purified transferrin in control gels.
      These data were confirmed by immunoelectrophoresis combined with autoradiography:
      within the soluble lysosomal fraction a slight transferrin line could be
      identified. We conclude that 67Ga which is transported in the blood by
      transferrin (23) and taken up by the hepatic cell through endocytosis (32) is
      accumulated in the lysosomes associated with transferrin and its degraded
      fragments.

PMID- 980798
TI  - Malabsorption of vitamin B12 in homozygous beta-thalassemia.
AB  - Schilling tests were performed in ten children and 5--12 years suffering from
      homozygous beta-thalassemia. 57Co labelled vitamin B12 values excreted in the
      urine have been found much lower than normal and remained low when the same
      procedure was repeated with the addition of intrinsic factor. The possible
      factors responsible for this malabsorption of vitamin B12 seemed to be liver
      damage and folic acid deficiency.

PMID- 980799
TI  - The missing kidneys sign: a minfestation on bone scan of widespread metastatic
      disease.

PMID- 980800
TI  - [Proliferative ability of cell populations and treatment of neoplasms].

PMID- 980801
TI  - [Early results of combined treatment in Hodgkin's disease with nitrogen mustard,
      vincristine, Natulan and prednisone (MOPP treatment)].

PMID- 980802
TI  - [Comparison of some morphological and clinical features of malignant melanoma of
      the skin in patients with short-term and long-term survival].

PMID- 980803
TI  - [Breast carcinoma and past and coexistent diseases].

PMID- 980804
TI  - [Studies of plasma hemostatic disorders in patients with bronchial carcinoma and
      inflammatory pulmonary changes].

PMID- 980805
TI  - [Serum levels of copper, iron and zinc and electrophoretic protein patterns in
      patients with cervical carcinoma].

PMID- 980806
TI  - [Results of treatment of early types of carcinoma of the cervix].

PMID- 980807
TI  - Work load and staffing on night duty.

PMID- 980808
TI  - Hard pounding.

PMID- 980809
TI  - Nursing care study: cerebral aneurysm.

PMID- 980811
TI  - Care of the dying-5. Mental distress in the dying.

PMID- 980810
TI  - Maxillo-facial surgery.

PMID- 980812
TI  - Waiting for diagnosis.

PMID- 980813
TI  - Population control.

PMID- 980814
TI  - Issues in health visitor training. Grouping field work teachers.

PMID- 980815
TI  - Problems of a student health visitor.

PMID- 980816
TI  - Adjusting to being a health visitor.

PMID- 980817
TI  - Recruitment to health visiting.

PMID- 980818
TI  - A post-registration course in health visitor training.

PMID- 980820
TI  - Professional code.

PMID- 980819
TI  - In company with the big battalions.

PMID- 980821
TI  - My Wilfred.

PMID- 980822
TI  - Fergus.

PMID- 980823
TI  - The muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 980824
TI  - Single needle dialysis.

PMID- 980825
TI  - Appraisal of health visitors.

PMID- 980826
TI  - Teaching skills and teaching aids.

PMID- 980827
TI  - Acute psychiatry within a general hospital.

PMID- 980828
TI  - Preparing children for hospital.

PMID- 980829
TI  - Screening for bacteria in Dublin schoolgirls.

PMID- 980831
TI  - Degree courses in nursing 1.

PMID- 980830
TI  - From my window.

PMID- 980832
TI  - Education and service.

PMID- 980833
TI  - The seven ages of asthma.

PMID- 980834
TI  - Pyloric stenosis.

PMID- 980835
TI  - Mobile coronary care.

PMID- 980836
TI  - Planning training for coping with non-accidental injury.

PMID- 980837
TI  - Non-accidental injury and the health visitor.

PMID- 980838
TI  - Education-7. Communication skills and assessment learning.

PMID- 980840
TI  - Who cares for the caring profession?

PMID- 980839
TI  - Ward policies in psychiatric hospitals.

PMID- 980841
TI  - Taking a rare specimen.

PMID- 980842
TI  - X-rays in focus: obstruction.

PMID- 980843
TI  - Good health--the simple way.

PMID- 980844
TI  - Sunny stories.

PMID- 980845
TI  - Hemiplegia-1. The neurophysiology of normal movement.

PMID- 980846
TI  - Nursing care study. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 980847
TI  - Sarcoidosis.

PMID- 980848
TI  - Geriatrics as a specialty.

PMID- 980849
TI  - Education-8. Assessment by supply tests and by recognition tests.

PMID- 980850
TI  - Physiotherapy pool safety test.

PMID- 980851
TI  - Crush injury to the arm.

PMID- 980852
TI  - Managing a sterile supply service.

PMID- 980853
TI  - Operating department budgeting.

PMID- 980854
TI  - Theatre nursing. Five years on-1.

PMID- 980856
TI  - Training of learners in the theatre unit.

PMID- 980855
TI  - Theatre nursing. Five years on-2.

PMID- 980857
TI  - Meaning of care.

PMID- 980858
TI  - Of benefit.

PMID- 980859
TI  - Brain abscess and subdural empyema.

PMID- 980860
TI  - An eviction.

PMID- 980861
TI  - Stretch marks.

PMID- 980862
TI  - Hemiplegia-2. Damage to nervous pathways.

PMID- 980863
TI  - Dementia-a reappraisal of staff attitudes.

PMID- 980864
TI  - Education-9. Continuous assessment, guiding and supporting.

PMID- 980866
TI  - Integration of the child health nursing services in Scotland.

PMID- 980865
TI  - Resurrected by an enema.

PMID- 980867
TI  - Reference to RSCN training.

PMID- 980868
TI  - Accidental poisoning in children--a review.

PMID- 980869
TI  - Uterine fibroids.

PMID- 980870
TI  - Cor pulmonale.

PMID- 980872
TI  - Quandary-1. Problems of conscience.

PMID- 980871
TI  - Community nursing care study: a family tragedy.

PMID- 980873
TI  - The effects on growth of cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 980874
TI  - Improved kaolin poultice.

PMID- 980875
TI  - Hemiplegia-3. Handling the early stroke patient at home and in the ward.

PMID- 980876
TI  - The NHS in Wales: a summary of the reorganised structure.

PMID- 980877
TI  - Glue sniffing.

PMID- 980878
TI  - Pre-nursing courses.

PMID- 980879
TI  - George.

PMID- 980880
TI  - Self-inflicted wounds.

PMID- 980881
TI  - Community psychiatric nursing; an alternative to hospitalisation.

PMID- 980882
TI  - Community psychiatric nursing; an alcoholic patient.

PMID- 980883
TI  - Community psychiatric nursing; a psychogeriatric day unit.

PMID- 980885
TI  - Community psychiatric nursing; yoga as therapy.

PMID- 980884
TI  - Community psychiatric nursing; the Stepping Stones Club.

PMID- 980886
TI  - Community psychiatric nursing; a psychiatric day unit.

PMID- 980887
TI  - Refresher course: bronchoscopy.

PMID- 980888
TI  - Theatre nursing care study: bilateral hernia repair.

PMID- 980889
TI  - Hemiplegia-4. The ambulant stroke patient at home and in the ward.

PMID- 980890
TI  - Survey of nursing and social needs of the elderly in a group practice.

PMID- 980891
TI  - Soleus--a simple foot board device.

PMID- 980892
TI  - Cancer nursing management in the Far East.

PMID- 980893
TI  - [Current epidemiological situation and selected problems of treatment of
      pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis].

PMID- 980894
TI  - [Acute, recurrent and protracted pneumonia in children between the age of 0 and
      14 years].

PMID- 980895
TI  - [Treatment of bacterial infections in chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 980896
TI  - [Biseptol in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 980897
TI  - [Chemotherapy of lung abscesses].

PMID- 980898
TI  - [Respiratory insufficiency in male farm workers with obstructive syndrome].

PMID- 980899
TI  - [Ventilatory disorders in tuberculous patients and convalescents].

PMID- 980900
TI  - [Treatment of chronic respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 980901
TI  - [Systolic stroke volume, cardiac output and circulating blood volume in patients
      with chronic obstructive bronchial diseases and varying degrees of respiratory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 980902
TI  - [Incidence of ventilatory disorders and respiratory failure in patients with
      chronic bronchitis in the records of the Phthisiopneumological Clinic of the
      Institute of Internal Medicine of the Silesian Medical Academy].

PMID- 980903
TI  - [Effect of treatment on ventilatory parameters and levels of blood gases in
      patients with exacerbated chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 980904
TI  - [Prognosis in acute episodes of chronic respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 980905
TI  - [Hypoxemia in respiratory diseases in children].

PMID- 980906
TI  - [Chronic non-specific respiratory diseases in workers of the flax, jute and hemp
      industry].

PMID- 980907
TI  - [Effect of protracted cigarette smoking on the occurrence of non-specific
      respiratory diseases in male farm workers].

PMID- 980908
TI  - [Detection and differential diagnosis of asthma on the basis of protracted
      evaluation of post-histamine and post-exertion bronchospasm].

PMID- 980909
TI  - [Role of allergy of the immediate type in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis
      in adults].

PMID- 980910
TI  - [Role of hypersensitivity to selected (representative) allergens in patients with
      asthma as determined by various diagnostic tests].

PMID- 980911
TI  - [Serum and sputum immunoglobulin levels in patients with chronic bronchitis and
      changes in their levels under the effect of therapy].

PMID- 980912
TI  - [Abnormal serum concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM in chronic respiratory
      diseases in children. I. Changes in serum immunoglobulin concentrations with
      special reference to IgA].

PMID- 980913
TI  - [Abnormal IgG, IgA and IgM serum concentrations in chronic respiratory diseases
      in children. II. Abnormal patterns of serum immunoglobulins].

PMID- 980914
TI  - [Current concepts concerning non-specific impairment of the peripheral
      respiratory segment of the lungs].

PMID- 980915
TI  - [Pathobiology of collagen in pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 980916
TI  - [Evaluation of some lysosomal enzyme activity in leukocytes isolated from
      peripheral blood in patients with premature emphysema and in healthy subjects].

PMID- 980917
TI  - [Coronary intensive care in Poland and prospects for its development].

PMID- 980918
TI  - [Liver changes in porphyria cutanea tarda. Part I].

PMID- 980919
TI  - [Liver changes in porphyria cutanea tarda. Part II].

PMID- 980920
TI  - [Liver structure and function in chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 980921
TI  - [Fibrinogen concentration and its ratio to other protein fractions in chronic
      alcoholism].

PMID- 980922
TI  - [Increased fat intake in dietetic treatment of viral hepatitis and levels of some
      serum lipids].

PMID- 980923
TI  - [Comparative studies of complement and its C3 and C4 component levels in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis ans systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 980924
TI  - [Behavior of some serum components in chronic alcoholics. (with reference to
      Zieve's syndrome)].

PMID- 980926
TI  - [Assaying total guanidines in blood serum].

PMID- 980925
TI  - [The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test in selected respiratory tract diseases. The
      NBT test in differential diagnosis of pneumonia and pulmonary thromboembolism].

PMID- 980927
TI  - [Radioimmunologic determination of hepatitis B antigen by the steady phase
      method].

PMID- 980928
TI  - [Urgent indications for gastroduodenoscopy].

PMID- 980929
TI  - [Pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with bronchial asthma or asthmatic
      bronchitis].

PMID- 980930
TI  - [A new topographic line in angiography localizing the fourth ventricle of the
      brain (author's transl)].

PMID- 980931
TI  - [Radiation-induced femoral neck fracture in patients cured of cervical carcinoma
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 980932
TI  - [Intralobar lung sequestration (author's transl)].

PMID- 980933
TI  - The appearance of radiation-induced lesions after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's
      disease of the mediastinum and lungs (author's transl).

PMID- 980935
TI  - [Changes in subcardial gastric area in radiological and endoscopic investigations
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 980934
TI  - [Congenital arteriovenous shunts (author's transl)].

PMID- 980936
TI  - [Renal "tumour" biopsy as a necessary supplementation of angiography (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 980937
TI  - [The inhalation method of ventilatory scintigraphy of lungs with colloidal indium
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 980938
TI  - [Periostitis deformans of Soriano (author's transl)].

PMID- 980939
TI  - [The syndrome of the first branchial arch (author's transl)].

PMID- 980940
TI  - [Dr. Jan Kazimierz Dorawski (1899-1975)].

PMID- 980941
TI  - [Nervous system changes in workers at radiotelevision stations exposed to
      microwaves].

PMID- 980942
TI  - [Usefulness of screening questionnaire procedures in the diagnosis of peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 980943
TI  - [Blood clotting in myocardial ischemia treated with neuroleptoanalgesia II].

PMID- 980944
TI  - [Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococci isolated from
      diagnostic materials in hospitals in Gdansk].

PMID- 980945
TI  - [Value of internal iliac artery ligation in hemorrhages from uterine cervix
      cancer].

PMID- 980946
TI  - [Use of tissue glue in surgery].

PMID- 980947
TI  - [Usefulness of exercise-induced bronchospasm as compared with histamine
      inhalation test in the detection and differential diagnosis of asthma and some
      forms of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 980948
TI  - [Occupational allergy in Health Services workers].

PMID- 980949
TI  - [Left ventricular contraction and blood oxygenation as well as acid-base
      equilibrium in patients treated with pacing for complete atrioventricular block].

PMID- 980950
TI  - [Cholerrheic malabsorption syndrome].

PMID- 980951
TI  - [Effect of thyroid lymphography on the results of non-toxic goiter strumectomy
      and some thyroid gland function tests].

PMID- 980952
TI  - [Renal changes in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 980953
TI  - [Effect of oral hygiene, malocclusion and degree of caries on the development of
      parodontopathies in school children from the County of Cieszyn].

PMID- 980954
TI  - [Results of treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms].

PMID- 980955
TI  - [Further observations on the action of Oxycort-aerosol Polfa in children with
      skin diseases].

PMID- 980956
TI  - [Pulmonary edema as a complication of electric cardioversion].

PMID- 980957
TI  - [Rose bengal kinetics].

PMID- 980958
TI  - [Activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the blood of children up to
      the age of 14].

PMID- 980959
TI  - [Cytological patterns and some biochemical sputum indices in patients with
      chronic bronchitis at the stabilization stage].

PMID- 980960
TI  - [Electrophoresis of human pancreatic juice from healthy pancreas on
      polyacrylamide gel].

PMID- 980961
TI  - [Occurrence and clinical manifestations of polycystic liver diseases in patients
      with polycystic renal degeneration].

PMID- 980962
TI  - [Epidemiological and clinical assessment of laryngeal cancer in the Lublin region
      in 1974].

PMID- 980963
TI  - [Psychophysiological reactions occurring in patients following myocardial infarct
      during mental work associated with psychological stress].

PMID- 980965
TI  - [Our method of external immobilization of pacemakers implanted into the major
      pectoralis muscle].

PMID- 980964
TI  - [Effect of nifedipine on the dynamics of heart's contraction and effort tolerance
      in patients with coronary disease].

PMID- 980966
TI  - [Case of Addison-Biermer disease in a young person].

PMID- 980967
TI  - [Case of eosinophilic leukemia].

PMID- 980968
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia screening tests based on the determination of total serum
      lipids].

PMID- 980969
TI  - [Treatment of atrial fibrillation following mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 980970
TI  - [Fate of patients treated with prolonged artificial ventilation].

PMID- 980971
TI  - [Diagnostic value of determining the uptake and elimination rate of radioactive
      iodine by the thyroid gland in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyreosis and
      euthyreosis].

PMID- 980972
TI  - [Amyloidosis in plasmacytoma].

PMID- 980973
TI  - [Subcutaneous bridge made of saphenous vein in the treatment of the superior vena
      cava syndrome].

PMID- 980974
TI  - [Assessment of 24-hour energy expenditure in patients with myocardial infarct and
      following mitral commissurotomy during spa rehabilitation].

PMID- 980975
TI  - [Case of isolated thyroid tuberculosis].

PMID- 980976
TI  - [Assessment of antistreptokinase titer in a hospital population].

PMID- 980977
TI  - [Results of treatment in isolated atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 980978
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis in patients treated at the 2nd Department of Surgery, Medical
      Academy in Warsaw in the years 1965-1974)].

PMID- 980979
TI  - [Case of ochronosis].

PMID- 980980
TI  - [Survey of cephalosporins].

PMID- 980981
TI  - [Gastric mucosa activity in patients with vitiligo].

PMID- 980982
TI  - [Left atrial strain in essential hypertension].

PMID- 980983
TI  - [Clinico-prophylactic studies of urinary tract infections in school age
      children].

PMID- 980984
TI  - [Effect of postoperative starvation and therapeutic starvation on the levels of
      chlorinated hydrocarbons in the blood of patients without occupational exposure
      to pesticides].

PMID- 980985
TI  - [Usefulness of left ventricular contraction period determination by the
      polygraphic method in the treatment of patients with overt circulatory failure by
      means of administering cardiac glycosides].

PMID- 980986
TI  - [Small intestine occlusion by food remnants].

PMID- 980987
TI  - [Malignant schwannoma of the posterior mediastinum].

PMID- 980988
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis as a complication of biliary tract surgery in a 2-year-old
      girl].

PMID- 980989
TI  - [Value of liver scanning in the planning of surgery in patients with digestive
      tract neoplasms].

PMID- 980990
TI  - [Serum oxytetracycline concentration and its urinary excretion in patients with
      circulatory failure and patients with relative renal failure].

PMID- 980991
TI  - [Electrical cardioversion with low-power impulses].

PMID- 980992
TI  - [Treatment of pain caused by ischemia of the lower extremities by way of
      continuous marcain infusion into the extradural lumbar region].

PMID- 980993
TI  - [Coexistence of intracranial aneurysm and neoplasm revealed following head
      trauma].

PMID- 980994
TI  - [Case of lipid pneumonia].

PMID- 980995
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in the Budd-Chiari syndrom in the light of 2 observed
      cases].

PMID- 980996
TI  - [Mechanism and sequelae of some traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial bones].

PMID- 980997
TI  - [Healing of burn wounds as a function of the dose and time of potassium cliloride
      administration].

PMID- 980998
TI  - [Polycardiographic evaluation of left ventricular contraction following glucagon
      administration to patients with chronic circulatory failure].

PMID- 980999
TI  - [Presence of HBsAg in serum and liver tissue in acute and chronic liver
      diseases].

PMID- 981001
TI  - [ARA classification criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus and suggestions for
      Polish diagnostic criteria: a comparison on the basis of 32 patients in a
      nephrologic series].

PMID- 981000
TI  - [Effect of polyenophosphatidylcholine on serum lipid level in acute experimental
      alcoholism].

PMID- 981003
TI  - [High-protein bread for diabetics].

PMID- 981002
TI  - [Electric cardioversion in control of arrhythmia in patients iwth myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 981004
TI  - [Gallium-67 in scintiscanning of malignant tumors].

PMID- 981005
TI  - [Blood clotting and fibrinolytic activity and platelet changes in chronic
      peripheral arterial insufficiency].

PMID- 981006
TI  - [Possibility of heart damage caused by roentgenotherapy].

PMID- 981007
TI  - [Biologically false classical syphilitic reactions in the records of the 2d state
      clinical hospital in poznan].

PMID- 981008
TI  - [Hyperlipidemia (Frederickson's classification) in early and late stages of
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 981009
TI  - [Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the lungs].

PMID- 981010
TI  - [Late metastases of malignant melanoma presenting as septicemia].

PMID- 981011
TI  - [Informing the patient about his neoplastic disease].

PMID- 981012
TI  - [Cardiographic-spirometric index in mitral stenosis].

PMID- 981013
TI  - [Changes in viscosity of reduced serum in patients with atherosclerosis].

PMID- 981014
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in 3 cases of nephronophthisis].

PMID- 981015
TI  - [Patients' reactions to hospitalization].

PMID- 981016
TI  - [Effect of meteorological conditions on respiratory diseases in children between
      the ages of 0 and 7].

PMID- 981017
TI  - [Lymphonodular form of toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 981018
TI  - [Etiology of algodystrophy].

PMID- 981019
TI  - [Nephrotic syndrome in neoplastic and proliferative diseases].

PMID- 981020
TI  - The influence of antidepressive drugs on the level of acetylcholine and on the
      acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of rats.
AB  - Rats were treated ip with MAO inhibitos (MAO-I): nialamid (NL),
      pivalylbenzylhydrazine, tranylcypromine, pheniprazine (Ph) or pargyline, and the
      leve of total, free and bound acetylcholine (Ach) as well as the
      acetylcholinesterase (Ach-E) activity were estimated in four parts of rats brain
      2 or 16 hr after the treatment. These parameters were estimated also after the
      treatment with tricyclic antidepressants: desmethylimipramine (DMI),
      amitriptyline, or protriptiline, and in the conditions of the reversal of
      reserpine-like syndrom. MAO-I, 2 hr after their application and the reversal of
      reserpine like-syndrom have not changed the level of measured fractions of Ach in
      parts of the brain. DMI increased the level of all Ach fractions in the striatum.
      NL caused the decrease of bound Ach level in all parts of the brain with no
      changes of free Ach level, 16 hr after the treatment. Ph, 16 hr after the
      treatment, decrease both fractions of ACh only in the cortex. All studied drugs
      affected evidently ACh-E activity in various parts of brain. It is concluded
      that:1) Cholinergic mechanisms in the rat brain are involved in the central
      action of DMI and of some MAO-I., 3) Cholinergic function of the brain may be
      modulated by the adrenergic activity, 2) Individual parts of the brain have
      different susceptibility to the influence of different MAO-I on the ACh-E
      activity.

PMID- 981021
TI  - Effects of manganese on substrate oxidation and oxidative phoshorylation in rat
      liver mitochondria.
AB  - In vitro Mn2+ decreases respiration at metabolic state III and at the uncoupled
      state. Pretreatment with Mn2+ decreased also ADP to oxygen ratio in rat liver and
      brain mitochondria. The mechanism of manganese toxicity involving suppression of
      substrate oxidation and decrease of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in brain
      mitochondria is discussed.

PMID- 981022
TI  - A search for new anticonvulsant compounds among 3-aryl-5-benzylidene derivatives
      of 2-thiohydantoin.
AB  - 13 New 3-aryl-5-benzylidene-2-thiohydantoins were obtained by condensation of 3-o
      tolyl- and 3-m-tolyl-2--thiohydantoin with aromatic aldehydes. The structure of
      the obtained compounds was confirmed by IR spectra. Derivatives of 2
      thiohydantoin 1-13 show weak anticonvulsant activity in pentetrazole test and
      show no protecting activity against the maximal electric shock.

PMID- 981023
TI  - Haemodynamic changes accompanying lung oedema produced by iv injection of
      adrenaline or vasopressin into rats.
AB  - The blood pressure was investigated in the common left carotid artery (LC), in
      the left atrium (LA), in the pulmonary artery (PA) and in the right atrium (RA).
      After adrenaline injection the blood  pressure rised rapid and simulatneously in
      all four regions. After vasopressin injection the blood pressures rised sequence
      in LC, in LA and PA. The blood pressure in RA in this time was unchanged. These
      results indicate that primary causes of the lung oedema after adrenaline or
      vasopressin are different.

PMID- 981024
TI  - Gel with nystatin for treatment of lung mycosis.
AB  - A method of preparation of the gel with nystatin for a local treatment of lung
      mycosis is described. Physico-chemical properties and the stability of this
      preparation have been investigated.

PMID- 981025
TI  - Spectrophotometric and chromatographic determinations of kanamycin A in
      pharmaceutical preparations.
AB  - Acid hydrolysis of kanamycin A gives 5-aminomethylfurfural which can be
      determined quantitatively colorimetricaly by the colour complex with orcinol and
      FeCl3. This method gives results which correlate with the results of
      microbiological assay. Kanamycin B, tobramycin kasugamycin did not produce this
      colour reaction.

PMID- 981026
TI  - Effect of processing technique of different dosage forms on dissolution rate of
      caffeine and salicylamide.
AB  - The dissolution rate of caffeine (Cf) and salicylamide (SA) from the mixtures of
      powders, granulate and tablets, obtained by the direct compression and wet
      granulation methods, has been investigated. The results presented in plots show,
      that the dissolution process of Cf and SA follows the first-order kinetics. The
      kinetic equations are used for the calculation of the dissolution rate contants
      (K) for the compounds of different solubility. Chromatography did not give an
      evidence for the formation of an adduct of Cf and SA in the granulate and tablets
      prepared by the wet granulation method.

PMID- 981027
TI  - [Effect of clamping of the renal artery in the dog on some biochemical and
      histopathological changes].

PMID- 981028
TI  - [Morphological changes in dog urinary bladder following bilateral ligation of the
      internal iliac arteries and roentgen irradiation].

PMID- 981029
TI  - [Replacement of the whole ureter with a segment of the sigmoid colon (calico
      sigmoido-cystostomia) in the treatment of giant hydronephrosis].

PMID- 981030
TI  - [Complications following surgical treatment of retrocaval ureter].

PMID- 981031
TI  - [Protein nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 981032
TI  - [Telecobaltotherapy of bladder cancer].

PMID- 981033
TI  - [Cytologic examination in the diagnosis of urinary system neoplasms].

PMID- 981034
TI  - [Evaluation of some intrahospital sources of infection in a urologic clinic].

PMID- 981035
TI  - [Renal trauma in the records of the Department of Urology of the Integrated
      Health Services at Slupsk in the years 1956-1973].

PMID- 981036
TI  - [Uretero-pelvic and uretero-vesical anastomosis by the side-to-side method].

PMID- 981037
TI  - [Gas sterililization using ethylene oxide in urology].

PMID- 981038
TI  - [Diagnosis of malignant tumors of the renal pelvis].

PMID- 981039
TI  - [2 cases of diagnostic errors in ureteral calculi].

PMID- 981040
TI  - [Direct injury of male urethra].

PMID- 981041
TI  - [Pedunculated papilloma of the ureter protruding into the urinary bladder].

PMID- 981042
TI  - [Unusual case of suprapubic fistula with canal passing the base of the small
      intestine mesentery].

PMID- 981043
TI  - [Case of lithiasis of a persistent urachus].

PMID- 981044
TI  - [Experimental orthotopic reimplantation of amputated autogenous extremities].

PMID- 981045
TI  - [Indications for surgery and results of operative treatment of goiter in elderly
      patients].

PMID- 981046
TI  - [Cases of leiomyomas of the stomach and small intestine].

PMID- 981047
TI  - [Postoperative ileus as an indication for a 2d operation during the early
      postoperative period].

PMID- 981048
TI  - [Hemobilia].

PMID- 981049
TI  - [Surgical treatment of crural varices].

PMID- 981050
TI  - [Causes of recurrence of varices after their surgical treatment].

PMID- 981051
TI  - [Modified Foley's catheter for removal of bile duct calculi].

PMID- 981052
TI  - [Intestino-vesical fistula].

PMID- 981053
TI  - [Neurinoma of the small intestine].

PMID- 981054
TI  - [Purulent hematogenic mediastinitis cured by early mediastinotomy].

PMID- 981055
TI  - [Enzymatic changes in some muscle diseases and after trauma].

PMID- 981056
TI  - [Factors affecting long-term survival following lung cancer resection].

PMID- 981057
TI  - [Anastomosis of the common bile duct with the duodenum].

PMID- 981058
TI  - [Radical surgery in cases of Vater's papilla cancer].

PMID- 981059
TI  - [One-stage surgery on extrahepatic bile ducts, the stomach and the duodenum].

PMID- 981060
TI  - [Cholesterolosis of the gallbladder].

PMID- 981061
TI  - [Liver abscess].

PMID- 981062
TI  - [Diaphragmatic hernia].

PMID- 981063
TI  - [Coexisting post-traumatic supradural hematoma and ipsilateral subdural
      hydrocele].

PMID- 981064
TI  - [Surgical treatment of superior mesenteric artery embolism with the aid of
      Fogarty's catheter].

PMID- 981065
TI  - [Experimental studies on covering up the bronchial stump with a collagen film and
      a cyanoacrylate adhesive].

PMID- 981066
TI  - [Experimental studies on the use of cyanoacrylate adhesives and collagen films in
      bronchial surgery].

PMID- 981067
TI  - [Comparative studies on the effectiveness of anastomoses performed with tissue
      adhesives and sutures under infected conditions].

PMID- 981068
TI  - [Closure of the thoracic cavity following removal of parasternal nodes in the
      treatment of breast cancer by Urban's method].

PMID- 981069
TI  - [Personally devised instrument for exposing the surgical field for tracheostomy
      and venesection].

PMID- 981070
TI  - [Multiple perforations of tuberculous ulcers of the small intestine into the free
      peritoneal cavity].

PMID- 981072
TI  - [Visceral adhesions].

PMID- 981071
TI  - [Perforation of the large intestine into the retroperitoneal space. A rare
      complication of adrenocortical hormone therapy].

PMID- 981073
TI  - Marihuana use. Biologic and behavioral aspects.
AB  - More than 70 male chronic marihuana users were studied under research ward
      conditions for a 31-day period consisting of 5 days of baseline assessment, 21
      days of marihuana availability, and 5 days of postsmoking assessment. Biological
      findings were for the most part within normal limits. Blood chemistry studies
      showed no abnormalities. Plasma testosterone levels for all subjects at all times
      during the study were well within normal limits, suggesting that previous reports
      of testosterone suppression by marihuana may have statistical but not biologic
      singificance. A significant reduction in baseline vital capacity was observed in
      six subjects, a compromise in pulmonary function similar to that
      characteristically produced by chronic inhalation of substances, such as tobacco
      smoke, which are irritants to the lung. Increased caloric intake and weight gain
      occurred in virtually all subjects and were causally related to marihuana
      smoking. The weight gain may be attributable to water retention as well as
      increased caloric intake. Behavioral findings indicated that no uniform
      alteration in mood is produced by marihuana smoking--all subjects reported
      becoming "high", but experienced no consistent degree of euphoria. Mood changes
      which occurred were relatively mild and were largely dependent on group
      determinants rather than individual experience. No relationship could be
      established between marihuana use and motivation to work or engage in socially
      desirable activities. Evidence that pulmonary function may be compromised as a
      function of marihuana smoking suggests the need for alerting individuals to this
      potential health hazard. As was true of cigarette smoking, the eventual public
      health consequences of marihuana use may become apparent only after large numbers
      of individuals have smoked marihuana for two or three decades.

PMID- 981074
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of chronic illness. Introduction.

PMID- 981075
TI  - Adaptation to chronic illness.
AB  - Adaptation to chronic illness is making the best of a bad bargain. The patient
      who deals successfully with chronic illness is the one who continues to live and
      function as fully as possible until death is appropriate and inevitable. Good
      medical care can help, but only if the patient meets the challenges of adaptation
      -acceptance, the sick role, compromise, and dying. Sometimes the patient can
      adapt to a new role but the family cannot; denial or nonacceptance on the part of
      a spouse or family can constitute a tremendous adaptational complication.
      Ironically, the healthy helpers around the patient, including the physician, may
      also fail to recognize the magnitude of the challenge of compromise and too
      easily criticize the patient for meeting it with difficulty or only partially.

PMID- 981076
TI  - Less obvious aspects of chronic pain.

PMID- 981077
TI  - Psychologic adjustment to coronary artery disease.
AB  - As improvements in therapy have extended the survival rate of patients with
      ischemic heart disease, increasing attention to the quality of survival has
      resulted in an appreciation of the profound effect of psychologic factors on the
      patient's life. A multidisciplinary approach, including evaluation and management
      of pertient psychologic factors, should be part of the treatment of all patients
      with coronary heart disease. Ischemic heart disease often requires both patient
      and family to make difficult changes in personality and life-style. As soon as
      the physiologic stress begins to subside, the physician should begin to provide
      sympathetic, specific guidelines toward acceptance of the disease and
      accommodation to its limits. Potential problems and their management are
      discussed within the framework of the three stages of chronic illness.

PMID- 981078
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of chronic organic brain syndrome.
AB  - In chronic organic brain syndrome, or dementia, the patient generally retreats to
      simple, familiar situations and resists involvement in others. The symptoms
      represent both organic deficits due to brain damage and psychologic reactions to
      the deficits. Some causes are treatable. Because of progressive change in the
      total behavior of the patient, major rearrangement of life-style is often
      necessary. The physician should guide both patient and family in this process.
      Medication may also be helpful.

PMID- 981079
TI  - Correction.

PMID- 981080
TI  - Managing common sexual problems. Special series.

PMID- 981081
TI  - Diet and health. Special series.

PMID- 981082
TI  - Community medicine. Informed consent. Emotional responses of patients.

PMID- 981083
TI  - Cardiology. acute severe mitral regurgitation.
AB  - Acute mitral regurgitation occurs as a complication of myocardial infarction in
      perhaps 1% of cases. The characteristic clinical findings include a new systolic
      murmur occurring in the setting of sudden development of acute congestive heart
      failure, hypotension, and shock. S3 and S4 gallops and sinus rhythm usually are
      present, and gross left ventricular or left atrial enlargement usually is not
      evident radiologically. The immediate and long-term prognoses for patients with
      acute severe mitral regurgitation are poor without treatment. Although medical
      therapy can reverse temporarily some of the hemodynamic aberrations, it does not
      influence survival or eliminate the need for surgical treatment. Surgery
      consisting of mitral valve replacement and possibly simultaneous coronary
      revascularization appears to offer some hope in increasing the survival rate
      among these patients. When acute severe mitral regurgitation is secondary to
      rupture of chordae tendineae in circumstances other than coronary artery disease,
      the outlook is not as grim. These patients may show signs and symptoms of
      congestive heart failure for a few weeks or, at times, many months. Again, sinus
      rhythm usually is present, with slight left ventircular enlargement, a relatively
      normal left atrial size, and markedly elevated left atrial and pulmonary arterial
      pressures. This constellation of findings is indicative of a large mitral
      regurgitant flow with preservation of left ventricular function and suggests that
      the patient is likely to benefit greatly from surgical treatment. The prognosis
      for such patients is much better than it is for the patients with acute mitral
      regurgitation secondary to coronary artery disease.

PMID- 981084
TI  - Office treatment of eye injury. 2. Injury from sharp instruments or blunt trauma.
AB  - Eye injuries caused by sharp instruments range from superficial scratches of the
      corneal epithelium to serious lacerations of the globe of the eye. Scratches,
      conjunctival lacerations, and some eyelid lacerations can be dealth with by the
      primary physician in the office, but damage to the globe requires immediate
      referral to an ophthalmologist. Among possible results of blunt trauma to the
      area of the eye are ecchymosis, hyphema, blow-out fracture, subluxation or
      dislocation of the lens, or retinal detachment. Most of thes require thoroguh
      ophthalmologic examination and specialized treatment. The primary physician may
      be the first to examine a patient with serious head injury. For future reference
      the status of each eye should be carefully documented as soon as possible after
      injury.

PMID- 981085
TI  - Case report: subcutaneous metastasis. Rare complication of drainage of malignant
      pleural fluid.

PMID- 981087
TI  - Are we ready for preventive medicine.

PMID- 981086
TI  - Case report: unilateral renal papillary necrosis mimicking renal pelvic tumor.

PMID- 981088
TI  - Acute acid-base disorders. 2. Specific disturbances.
AB  - Evaluation of the acid-base status of the body requires measurement of
      bicarbonate (total carbon dioxide) concentration, pH, and partial pressure of CO2
      in arterial blood. Calculation of standard bicarbonate and base excess or deficit
      is not necessary. The normal concentration of free hydrogen ions (H+) is
      approximately 40 millimoles/liter, which is equivalent to a pH of 7.4. The normal
      load of fixed acids is 50 to 80 millimoles in 24 hours. A steady state is
      maintained by excretion of an equal amount of H+ by the kidneys, which at the
      same time regenerate bicarbonate to replenish buffer stores. Renal excretion of
      H+ is in the form of titratable acid and ammonium. Synthesis of ammonia can
      increase severalfold under the stimulus of acidosis. This is the chief mechanism
      of long-term compensation. Metabolic acidosis can be due to an excessive acid
      load (endogenous or exogenous), impaired renal excretion of H+, or bicarbonate
      loss. Determination of the "anion gap" (unmeasured anions) helps to establish the
      mechanism of acidosis. Acidosis with a normal anion gap is due to either
      bicarbonate loss or ingestion of certain chloride salts. A gap larger than normal
      indicates the presence in the body of acids other than acidfying chloride salts.
      Management of metabolic acidosis requires accurate diagnosis, clear understanding
      of the mechansim, and individualized treatment. Metabloic alkalosis is due to
      loss of H+ (usually from stomach or kidneys) or ingestion of alkali. Measurement
      of urinary chloride helps establish the mechanism of alkalosis. In saline
      responsive alkalosis, the urinary chloride level is very low. This is usually due
      to gastric loss of H+, and the condition responds to administration of saline
      solution. When the urinary chloride level is only moderately low, the alkalosis
      is probably not due to gastric loss of H+. This form of alkalosis (saline
      resistant) does not respond well to administration of saline solution and
      requires use of potassium in treatment. Apprpriate compensatory responses to
      acidosis or alkalosis are critical to survival. Compensation for metabloic
      acidosis consists of hyperventilation and enhanced renal excretion of H+, chiefly
      as ammonium. In metabolic alkalosis, compensation is mainly renal excretion of
      bicarbonate. Respiratory acidosis is due to alveolar hypoventilation. In chronic
      situations, a compensatory rise in serum bicarbonate concentration is expected.
      Management consists of treatment of the cause of hypoventilation. Respiratory
      alkalosis is due to hyperventilation. Treatment requires identification and
      correction of the cause of hyperventilation.

PMID- 981089
TI  - Cold agglutinin disease.
AB  - Development of the Coombs test has led to rapid progress in the recognition of
      various autoimmune hemolytic anemias. Cold agglutinin disease, a relatively rare
      disorder, occurs in idiopathic and secondary forms, the latter often in
      association with diseases that alter the immune status. The higher the titer of
      cold agglutinin, the greater is the thermal range of its activity. One of the
      characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease is striking cyanosis in
      acral areas on exposure to cold, which abates quickly on warming. This parallels
      the accelerated hemolysis at cold temperatures, which is reversible as heat is
      applied. In some patients, however, the disease is covert and is discovered only
      incidentally. The report of such a case is included.

PMID- 981090
TI  - Genetics of ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - Coronary heart disease, especially when it affects younger individuals, tends to
      cluster in families. Known risk factors occur in 50-75% of patients with
      myocardial infarction. Yet commonly occurring risk factors are not strongly
      inherited, and the familial aggregation of coronary heart diseas may not be
      attributable to familial resemblance in serum cholesterol and blood pressure
      levels. Alternatively, such aggregation may be due to unknown familial risk
      factors. Nevertheless, screening of relatives of individuals with evident risk
      factors is of importance, and environmental manipulation is likely to be of value
      in prevention of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 981091
TI  - Exertional hypotension due to postganglionic sympathetic blocking drugs.
AB  - Debrisoquine, guanethidine and bethanidine may produce troublesome hypotensive
      symtoms related to exertion. Thirteen patients with such symptoms were exercised
      on a treadmill and the response of blood pressure and heart rate was compared to
      that of thirty patients without these symptoms, who were exercised to the same
      extent. There was a slight drop of systolic and diastolic pressures on standing
      in both groups, but after exertion there was a significantly greater drop of
      systolic pressure in the group with symptoms than in the asymptomatic group. The
      diastolic pressure after exertion was significantly lower in the group with
      symptoms. It was impossible to predict from the standing blood pressure levels at
      rest which patients would develop hypotensive symptoms after exertion. All three
      drugs had a similar negative chronotropic effect at rest and on exercise. It is
      suggested that patients are exercised during control of hypertension in order to
      identify those prone to exertional hypotension. Patients with such hypotension
      should be exercised on each attendance before the blood pressure is measured.
      Treatment other than postganglionic sympathetic blocking drugs should be employed
      whenever possible in patients with milder hypertension.

PMID- 981092
TI  - Pregnancy following poliomyelitis.
AB  - A review of forty-nine pregnancies in thirty-seven patients who had previously
      suffered from poliomyelitis found that obstetric complications were proportional
      to the clinical disabilities of the patient. A simple test of unilateral weight
      bearing gives a good clue as to whether pelvic asymmetry is present.

PMID- 981093
TI  - Levamisole treatment of a child with severe aphthous stomatitis and neutropenia.
AB  - The treatment of a 12-year-old girl with a lifelone history of recurrent
      infections and aphthous stomatitis is reported. A profound neutropenis, first
      noted at the age of 2 years, occurring at least every month was observed together
      with multiple mouth ulcers a sore throat and swelling of the jugular glands.
      Levamisole, originally described as an anthelmintic, has a beneficial effect on
      the symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. After levamisole treatment
      aphthous stomatitis was milder and in the 1-year follow-up period the patient was
      asymptomatic several times during a phase of obvious neutrophil depression. The
      child no longer complained of a sore throat with swelling of the jugular glands
      and the recurrent staphylococcal infections of the skin disappeared. After
      therapy a marked increase in monocytes at the moment of neutropenia was observed.

PMID- 981094
TI  - Acute coronary insufficiency with normal coronary arteriograms.
AB  - Two patients presenting with apparent symptomatic and electrocardiographic
      evidence of acute coronary insufficiency and found to have normal coronary
      arteriograms are documented. The patients remain symptom free at follow-up 9 and
      14 months later although one requires 160 mg propranolol daily. The
      electrocardiographic, myocardial metabolic and haemodynamic data in 413 patients
      with angina and normal coronary arteriograms are reviewed and the suggested
      aetiologies documented. Follow-up of patients in these series indicates a good
      prognosis for symptom-free survival.

PMID- 981095
TI  - Giant cell arteritis presenting as subclavian artery occlusion. A report of two
      cases.
AB  - Two patients with the aortic arch syndrome and biopsy-proved but asymptomatic
      temporal giant cell arteritis are described. Corticosteroid treatment was
      followed by the return of peripheral pulsation in these two patients after an
      interval of a few months. A review of the literature suggests that of patients
      where giant cell arteritis causes subclavin obstruction there is an undue
      predominance of women, compared to the sex ratio found in giant cell arteritis
      overall.

PMID- 981096
TI  - Pulmonary oedema in meningococcal meningitis.
AB  - Two cases of meningococcal meningitis complicated by pulmonary oedema are
      described. The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was raised in the one case
      studied. Profound sympathetic over-activity may be the cause of the pulmonary
      oedema occurring in this situation. If this is so, adrenergic blockade would
      appear to be a rational approach to therapy.

PMID- 981097
TI  - Pulmonary oedema during treatment of acute water intoxication.
AB  - Acute water intoxication with deepening coma and uncontrolled epileptiform
      seizures in a 25-year-old previously fit male schizophrenic was treated with
      hypertonic (2 N) saline and a 20% mannitol solution. This improved his
      neurological state but precipitated severe pulmonary oedema. Intravenous
      frusemide increased his urinary output sufficiently to clear the pulmonary
      oedema. In acute water intoxication the use of hypertonic solutions may thus
      precipitate left heart failure by expanding the intra-pulmonary blood volume
      beyond the capacity of even a healthy left ventricle to compensate. Simple water
      restriction will produce a slower but perhaps safer improvement.

PMID- 981098
TI  - Contraceptive pill-induced porphyria cutanea tarda presenting with onycholysis of
      the finger nails.
AB  - A case of porphyria cutanea tarda induced by oral contraceptive pill therapy is
      reported, and its unusual presenting sign of onycholysis of the finger nails is
      noted. Reference is made to the rarity of nail changes in porphyria and the
      regression of the onycholysis in the patient following therapy is outlined.

PMID- 981099
TI  - The development of isolators.

PMID- 981100
TI  - The use of plastic isolators to prevent infection in neutropenic patients.

PMID- 981101
TI  - Isolation for high-risk patients.

PMID- 981103
TI  - Protection of Health Service staff.

PMID- 981102
TI  - Chemoprophylaxis of respiratory infections.

PMID- 981104
TI  - Problems of protection against virus B hepatitis.

PMID- 981105
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma and hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 981106
TI  - Ethylene glycol poisoning.

PMID- 981107
TI  - Stricture of the descending colon due to schistosomiasis.

PMID- 981108
TI  - Practical approaches to the control of thalassaemia.

PMID- 981109
TI  - Chromosome organization.

PMID- 981110
TI  - Experimental behavioural genetics.

PMID- 981111
TI  - Human behavioural genetics.

PMID- 981112
TI  - Human chromosomes and their anomalies.

PMID- 981113
TI  - Enzyme polymorphisms.

PMID- 981114
TI  - The thalassaemias: genetic and pathophysiological aspects.

PMID- 981115
TI  - The molecular defect in thalassaemia.

PMID- 981116
TI  - Coagulation system changes in post-menopausal women receiving oestrogen
      preparations.

PMID- 981117
TI  - The administration of post-menopausal oestrogens and the need for long-term
      controlled trials.

PMID- 981118
TI  - Sequential mestranol and morethisterone in the treatment of the climacteric
      syndrome.

PMID- 981119
TI  - Plasma protein changes in post-menopausal women receiving mestranol
      norethisterone hormone replacement therapy.

PMID- 981120
TI  - Glucose tolerance and hormone replacement therapy. A preliminary study.

PMID- 981121
TI  - The effect of sequential mestranol-norethisterone on the circulating lipid levels
      of pre- and post-menopausal women, and its possible significance.

PMID- 981122
TI  - Practical problems of the treatment of the climacteric syndrome.

PMID- 981123
TI  - Cytohormonal patterns in menopausal women and their relation to menopausal
      symptoms.

PMID- 981124
TI  - [Pulmonary complications of azotemia. A case of uremic lung].
AB  - The authors studied the problem of pulmonary complications in acute and chronic
      uremia. They recalled the main characteristics of haemodynamic oedemas which can
      accompany the periods of left ventricular insufficiency during the evolution of
      uremia. They analized the characteristicsof the classic uremic lung representing
      in fact only a variety of lesional oedema in which the toxic effect of urea is
      controversial. Ventilatory consequences of chronic uremia were briefly exposed.

PMID- 981125
TI  - [Congenital isolated unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery with
      dextrorotation of the aorta (2 cases)].
AB  - In connection with two cases of congenital absence of the left pulmonary artery
      with dextro-rotation of the aorta, the authors recall the clinical and
      radiological signs of this rare abnormality, explaining it by the theory of
      failure in partitioning of the troncus arteriosus. They particularly insist on
      the normal pulmonary venous return.

PMID- 981126
TI  - [Treatment of bronchial hypersecretion. Demonstration of polyanionic mucins
      eprazinone interactions].
AB  - The study of therapeutical agents for "mucolysis" enables a classification of
      these drugs from their mode of action at the trachea-bronchial level
      (pharmacodynamic agents, enzymes, reducers, mucoregulation). The affinity of a
      piperazine derivative, eprazinone, for polyanionic bronchial mucins, was shown in
      vitro by spectrophotometry. Because of this property, eprazinone (Mucitux) might
      modify the fibrillar structure of bronchial mucus. This mode of action would
      differentiate this treatment from the mucolytic agents used today clinically.

PMID- 981127
TI  - [Aspiration-drainage of an emphysematous bulla in a patient with severe
      respiratory insufficiency].
AB  - The authors report the case of a patient with severe alveolar hypoventilation,
      with a large emphysematous bulla in the upper part of the right pulmonary field.
      The drainage aspiration of the bulla as a life saving technique greatly improved
      the respiratory function. Blood gases reverted to normal and the bullae
      disappeared. Literature reviewing. Discussion of radiological and functional
      criteria of compressing the pulmonary parenchyma around the bulla.

PMID- 981128
TI  - [Respiratory distress in evolutive tuberculosis (6 cases)].
AB  - The authors reported six cases of respiratory distress of tuberculous origin over
      a 3 year period. They underlined the failure to recognize the etiology despite a
      typical symptomatology and, on the opposite, the diagnostic difficulties met in a
      former tuberculous patient with chronic bronchitis. They insisted on the
      persistance of evolutive tuberculosis as a cause of respiratory distress, on the
      importance of any associated infection and on the little use of assisted
      ventilation.

PMID- 981129
TI  - The periodic syndrome and migraine.

PMID- 981130
TI  - Clumsy children.

PMID- 981131
TI  - Problems in paediatric prescribing.

PMID- 981132
TI  - The surgical treatment of hyperhidrosis.
AB  - The diagnosis of primary hyperhidrosis is one of exclusion, but it is not a
      difficult one to make. It is a common, embarrassing and even disabling condition.
      If it does not respond to simple conservative therapy, the practitioner should
      not hesitate to advise sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis of the upper or lower
      limbs, or some simple local operation on the affected skin area for localized
      excessive axillary sweating.

PMID- 981133
TI  - A new waist-length lightweight elastic stocking.
AB  - This trial has clearly demonstrated that the new waist-length lightweight elastic
      stocking introduces advantages over the normal thigh-length lightweight elastic
      stocking, with regard to comfort and appearance, and over support tights by
      applying greater pressure. Since they conform to current fashion they are more
      easily accepted by women patients, who preferred them to the present thigh-length
      elastic hosiery.

PMID- 981134
TI  - Present-day political pathology.

PMID- 981135
TI  - General practice.

PMID- 981136
TI  - What on earth is MCAP?

PMID- 981137
TI  - Forensic problems in practice. X. Disposal of the dead.

PMID- 981138
TI  - A case of suicide with nitrazepam and alcohol.

PMID- 981139
TI  - [Changes in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Levels in Blood and Brain Tissue after
      Craniocerebral Trauma and Cardiac Surgery].
AB  - The response of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels in the blood and brain
      tissue to a craniocerebral trauma of varying severity was studied in
      anaesthetized rats. A trauma producing cerebral contusion was followed within two
      hours by a highly significant rise in DPG concentration in the blood as compared
      with the control animals or only mildly traumatized rats. The DPG levels in the
      brain tissue showed no significant differences. Similar changes in DPG
      concentration were observed in the blood of patients with craniocerebral
      injuries. The DPG-mediated increased release of oxygen to the tissues represents
      a compensatory mechanism and is pathognomic for craniocerebral trauma. Patients
      undergoing surgery with extracorporeal circulation lack this mechanism for
      counteracting hypoxaemia; already during thoracotomy the DPG concentration in the
      blood fell significantly and did not reach its original level until 72 hours
      after the operation. In stored, ACD stabilized, blood the DPG concentration
      gradually decreases. Estimations carried out over 28 days showed a continuous
      statistically significant loss of DPG. After 24 hours the DPG levels in stored
      blood had already dropped to the lower limits of normal - a fact that has to be
      taken into account in massive blood transfusions.

PMID- 981140
TI  - [Isoimmune antibody formation after blood transfusions].
AB  - During February 1973 to October 1974 950 inpatients of the Department of Surgery,
      Erlangen, were tested for the presence of iso-antibodies before and after blood
      transfusions. Irregular antibodies were demonstrable in 0.95% of the patients
      before they received a blood transfusion. In 2.73% of the cases blood transfusion
      resulted in sensitization with the formation of specific blood group antibodies.
      Identification of the 26 iso-antibodies showed a prevalence of anti-Kell and anti
      E (7 cases each). In view of the frequent occurrence of these two antigens tests
      for their presence are advisable before a blood transfusion is given. Persons who
      are re-admitted to hospital should also be tested to the presence of irregular
      antibodies to ensure that sensitization has not occurred during the intervening
      period.

PMID- 981141
TI  - [Clinical hemodilution].
AB  - Acute hemodilution has been performed in 46 patients immediately before major
      gastrointestinal surgery. Clinical, hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic
      parameters have been studied and compared with results in 66 patients, submitted
      to similar operations under equal conditions without hemodilution. Two kinds of
      hemodilution have been used: normovolamic hemodilution by bloodexchange with 5%
      human albumin and moderate hypervolamic hemodilution by bloodexchange with equal
      parts of Dextran 60 and PPL. RESULTS: 1. The first mentioned kind of hemodilution
      and method of blood-exchange was superior in regard to stability of
      cardiovascular behavior. 2. The general tolerance of anesthesia and surgical
      trauma was superior in the nonhemodiluted group, but was good or tolerable also
      in the hemodiluted group in 82,6%. Side effects, more frequently and more
      pronounced in the hemodiluted group concerned to hypo- and hypertensive
      reactions, vasoconstriction, hypokaliemie and cardial arrhythmics. Exclusively in
      the hemodiluted group ST-lowering in the EKG has been stated in some patients.
      These reactions have been estimated as a sign of marginal compensatory capacity
      in the individual cardial situation and were reversibel by blood transfusion.
      These observations strengthen the necessity for accurate monitoring in
      hemodiluted patients. Moreover it is recommended to restrict hemodilution in the
      level of Hk 27-28%. Under these conditions acute normovolamic hemodilution is
      recommended further for a wider clinical use.

PMID- 981142
TI  - [Clinical uses of ultraviolet light radiation].
AB  - The main use of ultraviolet light radiation in hospitals is for the disinfection
      of the air. A study was made of the disinfecting efficiency of indirect
      ultraviolet radiation (lifts, cleaning of bedding), direct irradiation of rooms
      overnight or after use, ultraviolet curtains (irradiation of the whole width of
      passages, doorways and entrances) and ultraviolet irradiation of the filter of
      air-conditioners. The results are analysed. With the exception of the barrier
      technique ultraviolet light irradiation did not substantially reduce the number
      of micro-organisms in the air. Knowledge of the limitations and side-effects of
      this technique, control of the intensity of ultraviolet irradiation and bacterial
      counts are regular intervals are some of the factors that determine the success
      of this mode of disinfection. Detailed studies of the acceptable upper limits of
      the number of micro-organisms in the air of hospital wards and operating theatres
      is of prime importance for evaluating the effectiveness of air-disinfection by
      ultraviolet light irradiation.

PMID- 981143
TI  - [Succinyldicholin sensitivity resulting from genetically determined
      serumcholinesterase variants].
AB  - Prolonged apnea after succinyldicholin is a pharmacogenetic phenomenon.
      Estimation of genetically determined cholinesterase variants of patients with a
      prolonged apnea after succinyldicholin or in patients with cholinesterase
      deficiency respectively are described. The importance of atypical cholinesterase
      phenotypes in anaesthesia and the possibility of a therapy of prolonged apnea are
      mentioned. Biochemical data of atypical cholinesterase variants as cause of the
      prolonged degradation of succinyldicholin as well as formal genetic aspects of
      cholinesterase polymorphism are discussed.

PMID- 981144
TI  - [Damage of teeth by oral airways].
AB  - Oral Guedel airways do not necessarily protect the patient's teeth during
      inhalation anesthesia. This is contrary to the general opinion. Because of the
      anatomical structure of the human teeth and the dynamic forces on teeth occlusion
      during postanesthetic excitation the applied chewing-pressure is concentrated by
      a Guedel airway at a few front teeth only. Under this abnormally forceful,
      localized pressure especially capped teeth and teeth in gums with paradentosis
      may easily break. Therefore, the use of nasal airways should be preferred in
      these cases.

PMID- 981145
TI  - [Simplified monitoring by ultrasound for anaesthesiology].
AB  - This is the description of a simplified method to assist the anaesthesiologist in
      monitoring and/or detecting venous and arterial diseases (i.e. stenosis) by
      ultrasound. The main problem for the anaesthesiologist is to monitor and measure
      the low blood pressure of new-borns during intra- and post-operative phases. In
      most cases it is difficult to localize the systolic pressure. We have developed a
      new device which, in connection with an analogic ratemeter, displays the heart
      rate based on the ultrasound doppler effect. Technique, application and first
      results are described.

PMID- 981146
TI  - [Rewarming of infusions with the haemotherm].
AB  - A rewarming device for blood called Haemotherm from the firm Bosch was proofed
      for efficiency. This device working on the base of microwaves was able to warm up
      cold solutions to a certain temperature within two to three minutes. The effect
      of rewarming disappeared during the passage through the infusion tube. To get
      bodywarm solutions at the end of the infusion tube was impossible with this
      arrangement.

PMID- 981147
TI  - [Diffuse pulmonary diseases: pulmonary fibrosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 981148
TI  - [Symptoms, clinical features and diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981149
TI  - [Surgical methods in the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 981150
TI  - [A comparison between the histopathological and radiological findings in diffuse
      lung processes (author's transl)].

PMID- 981151
TI  - [Lung function tests in the diagnosis and control of pulmonary fibrosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981152
TI  - [Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 981153
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of finely disseminated pulmonary lesions (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981154
TI  - [Treatment of bronchial adenoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 981155
TI  - [Surgical treatment of bronchial adenoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 981156
TI  - [Long-term results of lung surgery for squamous cell carcinoma (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981157
TI  - [The treatment of varicose veins (author's transl)].

PMID- 981158
TI  - [The variable pattern of gluten induced enteropathy (sprue nostras, idiopathic
      sprue) (author's transl)].

PMID- 981159
TI  - [Lactic acidosis in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

PMID- 981160
TI  - [Block diagramm and statistical survey leading to more exact definition of
      general practice (author's transl)].

PMID- 981161
TI  - [A comparative double-blind study of atrium 300 and hemineurine in chronic
      alcoholics (author's transl)].

PMID- 981162
TI  - [Deficits in serum and secretory IgA-globulins (author's transl)].

PMID- 981163
TI  - [A review of international clinical experience with a low-oestrogen oral
      contraceptive (author's transl)].

PMID- 981164
TI  - [Continuous electrocardiographic recording (author's transl)].

PMID- 981165
TI  - [Prevention of thromboembolism with low-dose-heparin (author's transl)].

PMID- 981166
TI  - [Effect of low-dose-heparin and its control (author's transl)].

PMID- 981167
TI  - [Effects of arginine in the treatment of male infertility (author's transl)].

PMID- 981168
TI  - [A new method for obtaining a gangrene of the rabbit ear with quantitative
      determination. The therapeutic influence of benzopyrones (author's transl)].

PMID- 981169
TI  - [Kenacort a solubile in status asthmaticus and acute asthmatic attack (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981170
TI  - [Polypragmasy and polypharmacy; perspective on the restrictions to fewer
      therapeutic agents (author's transl)].

PMID- 981171
TI  - [The importance of the combinations therapy in the treatment of acute urinary
      tract infections (author's transl)].

PMID- 981172
TI  - [Some general considerations about opening an office as specialist in internal
      medicine (author's transl)].

PMID- 981173
TI  - [Topical treatment of pruritus with Fenistil-gel (author's transl)].

PMID- 981174
TI  - [Today's possibilities in the treatment of obesity (author's transl)].

PMID- 981175
TI  - [Modern obstetrics--retrospect and outlook (author's transl)].

PMID- 981176
TI  - [Insurance questions for the aged, present day situation and perspectives
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981177
TI  - [Vision and driving (author's transl)].

PMID- 981178
TI  - [The role of pathology in early detection and treatment of breast cancer
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981179
TI  - [Response to W.H. Goeckermann's and I.T. Ingram's therapy for psoriasis vulgaris,
      guttata and arthropathica as well as their dependency on external factors
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981180
TI  - [Thyroid neoplasms. Study on a series of cases from 1947-1974].

PMID- 981181
TI  - [Comparison of glucofrangulin in purified form with two other laxatives (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981182
TI  - [Prostatitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 981183
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic ups and down in syrsingomyelia (author's transl)].

PMID- 981184
TI  - [Psychiatry in India. Impressions from a study travel (author's transl)].

PMID- 981185
TI  - [Quality control in the practitioner's laboratory - why? (author's transl)].

PMID- 981186
TI  - [Physical therapy possibilities with sole; first part (author's transl)].

PMID- 981187
TI  - [Are hormonal manoeuvres still indicated in advanced breast cancer? (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981188
TI  - [Epidemiology and risk factors in cardio- and cerebrovascular disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981189
TI  - [Treatment of obesity with mazindol (author's transl)].

PMID- 981191
TI  - [Benign diseases of the esophagus].

PMID- 981190
TI  - [Therapeutic investigations with venosan in veinous disease in the legs (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981192
TI  - [Present situation of proximal digestive endoscopy (author's transl)].

PMID- 981193
TI  - [Esophageal foreign bodies (author's transl)].

PMID- 981194
TI  - [Indications, technique and results of heller's esophagomyotomy for esophageal
      achalasia. Report of 84 operations (author's transl)].

PMID- 981195
TI  - [Recent aspects in the estimation of hiatal hernia (author's transl)].

PMID- 981196
TI  - [Fundoplication as procedure of choice in reflux disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 981197
TI  - [Endobrachyoesophagus and peptic stenoses of the oesophagus (author's transl)].

PMID- 981198
TI  - [Oesophageal reconstruction in a case of bullous epidermolysis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981199
TI  - [Dysphagia of vascular origin (author's transl)].

PMID- 981200
TI  - [Microbiologic transformation of microcrystalline cortisone acetate into
      prednisone].
AB  - The process of transformation of microcystalline acetate cortisone by two
      mycobacteria (Mycobacterium album and Mycobacterium globiforme) has been studied.
      Optimal conditions for the process have been established: amount of biomass of
      both cultures, concentration of the initial substrate and required concentration
      of the surfactant--antifoamsilane. The anzymic activity of the cultures reaches
      maximum if the following three requirements are met: utilization of cells
      separated from the medium, substrate in the microcrystalline state and surfactant
      of the antifoamsilane type.

PMID- 981201
TI  - [Polynucleotide hydrolysis by pancreatic ribonuclease immobilized on
      carboxymethylcellulose].

PMID- 981202
TI  - [Use of pancreatic lipase for determination of the glyceride composition of rice
      lipids].
AB  - The triglyceride composition of rice lipids was investigated, using methods of
      thin-layer chromatography, enzymic hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase and gas-liquid
      chromatography. The major portion of triglycerides were tri- and di-unsaturated
      glycerides. The content of trisaturated glycerides was not more than 0.86%. The
      data obtained allow the conclusion that unsaturated acids occupy 2-positions in
      the triglyceride molecule of rice oil and oil of other plants.

PMID- 981203
TI  - [A quantitative method of determining lecithinases and lipases in
      microorganisms].
AB  - The paper presents a method for quantitative assay of lecithinases and lipases in
      microorganisms. The method is based on the assessment of changes in the
      composition of lipid components of yolk media under the influence of
      corresponding enzymic systems of bacteria. The technique involved lipid
      extraction from yolk media after cultivation of the microorganisms tested,
      chromatographic separation by thin-layer chromatography on silicagel into
      individual fractions, development in iodine vapours and quantitative measurement
      of lipid components.

PMID- 981204
TI  - [Amines in the volatile components of salmon].

PMID- 981205
TI  - [Apparatus for protein electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel under anaerobic
      conditions].

PMID- 981206
TI  - [Organization of bronchological service at an antituberculosis clinic in
      Mongolian People's Republic].

PMID- 981207
TI  - [Segmentectomy and atypical lung resection in patients with limited tuberculous
      processes].

PMID- 981208
TI  - [Role and effectiveness of thoracoplasty in complex treatment of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 981209
TI  - [Course and outcome of destructive tuberculous process in solitary lung after
      pneumonectomy].

PMID- 981210
TI  - [Prognostic factors in pulmonary tuberculosis after pneumonectomy].

PMID- 981211
TI  - [Functional shifts in patients with tuberculosis after lung resection combined
      with different types of correction of the pleural cavity].

PMID- 981212
TI  - [Treatment of patients with fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis by
      intracavernous administration of drugs with maximum concentration].

PMID- 981213
TI  - [Indications and contraindications for infusion of antibacterial drugs into
      pulmonary arteries in tuberculosis].

PMID- 981214
TI  - [Surgical tactics in spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 981215
TI  - [Artificial pneumothorax in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 981216
TI  - [Aplasia of the lungs in phthisiological practice].

PMID- 981217
TI  - [Errors in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 981218
TI  - [Roentgenological characteristics of the healing processes in renal
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 981219
TI  - [Causes of untimely diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis and the effectiveness of
      its treatment].

PMID- 981220
TI  - [Medical rehabilitation of patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis?].

PMID- 981221
TI  - [Method of ligation of anastomosis between common iliac vein and the ascending
      lumbar vein in surgical treatment of tuberculosis of the lumbosacral segment of
      the spine].

PMID- 981222
TI  - [Scintiphotographic and morphological changes of pulmonary vessels in
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 981224
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of focal forms of osteoarticular
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 981223
TI  - [Study of the iodine-absorbing function of the thyroid gland in patients with
      mild forms of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 981225
TI  - [State-by-stage surgical treatment of progressing forms of extensive pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 981226
TI  - [Indications for single- and 2-stage resections in bilateral pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 981227
TI  - [Pathology of the pleura in pulmonary tuberculosis treated by artificial
      penumothorax].

PMID- 981228
TI  - [Age-sex characteristics of tuberculosis incidence among the population of
      Vinnitsa].

PMID- 981229
TI  - Early neurosurgical management of the head injured child.

PMID- 981230
TI  - Mitotic activity in the craniofacial cartilages. I. A comparison of the metaphase
      arresting efficiency of different colchicine dosages in the cranial base
      cartilages of 20-day-old rats.

PMID- 981231
TI  - Intravenous diazepam-pethidine premedication in oral surgery.

PMID- 981232
TI  - A follow-up study of injuries to permanent and primary teeth in children.

PMID- 981233
TI  - Factors increasing the risk of fracture of the maxillary tuberosity during tooth
      extraction.

PMID- 981234
TI  - Injuries concomitant with fractures of the facial skeleton.

PMID- 981235
TI  - Epithelial hyperplasia in hydantoin induced hyperplastic and normal human
      gingiva.

PMID- 981236
TI  - Mould in denture. A case report.

PMID- 981237
TI  - [Orthodontic treatment of ectopic eruption of lower lateral incisors. A case
      report (author's transl)].

PMID- 981238
TI  - Condition of teeth and periodontium in male wind instrument players in the city
      of Helsinki. A clinical and radiographic study.

PMID- 981239
TI  - New developments in ultrasonic fish tracking.
AB  - A range of small, long-life ultrasonic fish tags is described and their use
      illustrated with an improved system of fixed hydrophone tracking stations. A boat
      mounted hydrophone system giving bearing and range estimations for use in open
      water fish tracking is described together with a portable hand-held unit for
      simple location of tagged fish in rivers, etc. Typical results based on intensive
      use of these systems are given.

PMID- 981240
TI  - Production of larval tanypodinae (Insecta: Chironomidae) in the mud at Loch
      Leven, Kinross.
AB  - Life histories and production of the five common species of Tanypodinae
      (Pentaneura monilis, Procladius simplicistilus, P. crassinervis, P. choreus and
      Psilotanypus rufovittatus) in the mud at Loch Leven were measured from March 1971
      to March 1972. The methods used to identify each species of larva are described.
      All were univoltine except Pentaneura monilis which had two generations per year,
      but the seasonal patterns of the life cycles were different. The average density
      of third and fourth instar Tanypodinae was 3100/m2 and densities of individual
      species exceeded 2500/m2 for short periods in Procladius crassinervis and P.
      choreus. Net annual dry weight production by this subfamily was 2-6 g/m2 (57
      KJ/m2), with individual species ranging from 1-1 g/m2 (P. crassinervis) to 0-16
      g/m2 (Pentaneura monilis). These results are discussed briefly and compared with
      production estimates for other zoobenthos.

PMID- 981241
TI  - Rumen micro-organisms in red deer, hill sheep and reindeer in the scottish
      highlands.
AB  - The micro-organisms in rumen samples from Red deer, hill sheep and reindeer
      grazing their natural pastures in the Scottish Highlands were examined at
      different seasons over a number of years. The total counts of bacteria and
      protozoa varied with the seasons, and were lowest in winter when fermentative
      activity was also at its lowest. As is usual in roughage-fed ruminants, viable
      counts were only a very small proportion of the total counts. The reindeer rumens
      had the highest concentrations of bacteria. There were no consistent differences
      in the types of bacteria between seasons, but although there were no bacteria
      peculiar to any animal species the balance of predominant types varied between
      the species. The principal types of bacteria were similar to those found in
      domesticated ruminants. The numbers of protozoa in the Red deer were higher than
      those in the sheep, and the concentrations in reindeer were higher than those
      generally reported for domesticated cattle or sheep. A number of species of
      protozoa were found in each animal and the predominant species differed in the
      different animals.

PMID- 981242
TI  - Freezing injury to cells.

PMID- 981243
TI  - Freezing injury in bacteriophage T4.

PMID- 981244
TI  - Labyrinthine membrane ruptures in sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

PMID- 981245
TI  - Sudden sensorineural deafness: outline of management.

PMID- 981246
TI  - The Link Centre: a national service for a small minority group.

PMID- 981247
TI  - Cryptogenic brain abscess.

PMID- 981248
TI  - Polyarteritis with symmetrical bone cysts.

PMID- 981249
TI  - Hypothyroidism with episodic psychiatric and cardiac manifestations.

PMID- 981250
TI  - Offshore medicine.

PMID- 981251
TI  - The scope of offshore medicine.

PMID- 981252
TI  - Survival and air-sea rescue in North Sea oil operations.

PMID- 981253
TI  - Some occupational hazards of diving.

PMID- 981254
TI  - A major rig diaster.

PMID- 981255
TI  - Fire risks in intensive care units and operating theatres: evacuation of surgical
      patients.

PMID- 981256
TI  - President's address. The importance of an occupation.

PMID- 981257
TI  - Ischaemic and evanescent colitis.

PMID- 981258
TI  - Plain abdominal X-ray in acute colitis.

PMID- 981259
TI  - Pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

PMID- 981260
TI  - A clinician's view of prematurity and dysmaturity in thoroughbred foals.

PMID- 981262
TI  - Social and medical implications of modern urban development.

PMID- 981261
TI  - Racial and cultural factors of relevance for the general practitioner.

PMID- 981263
TI  - Complement components and lymphoid cell surfaces.

PMID- 981264
TI  - Subcapsular orchidectomy--an effective operation?

PMID- 981265
TI  - Simultaneous bilateral pyeloplasties.
AB  - A technique is described which gives excellent results in the treatment of
      unilateral hydronephorsis and allows for simultaneous bilateral pyeloplasties.
      The advantages for the patients with bilateral hydronephrosis are a single
      admission to hospital and a single anaesthetic and operative procedure. The
      exposure is superior to that achieved by a loin incision, allowing the surgeon to
      perform the pyeloplasties more rapidly and with less traction on the renal
      vessels. Over a follow-up period of 1-7 years no subsequent pyeloplasty or
      nephrectomy has been required and all 11 patients are well and symptom free.

PMID- 981266
TI  - Adult endoscopy.

PMID- 981267
TI  - Anaesthesia for endoscopy in adults: a technique and special tube for
      microlaryngeal surgery.

PMID- 981268
TI  - Summary of hazards of endoscopy.

PMID- 981269
TI  - A hazard of bronchoscopy when using the injector technique to maintain
      ventilation.

PMID- 981270
TI  - Surgical treatment of stage II carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 981271
TI  - Treatment of stage II carcinoma of the cervix with wide-field irradiation.

PMID- 981272
TI  - Bowel damage from radiation.

PMID- 981273
TI  - Carcinoma of the maxillary antrum.

PMID- 981275
TI  - Double primaries.

PMID- 981274
TI  - The treatment of inoperable carcinoma of the breast in Portsmouth 1960-69.

PMID- 981276
TI  - Diabetes mellitus with osteopathy and Charcot's arthropathy.

PMID- 981277
TI  - Widespread juxta-articular bone necrosis in a tunneller.

PMID- 981278
TI  - Filariasis.

PMID- 981279
TI  - Offshore medicine.

PMID- 981280
TI  - Cross-tolerance between inhaled cannabis and intraperitoneal injections of delta9
      THC.
AB  - Male and female rats were exposed to Cannabis smoke or placebo once every second
      day for 32 days. Following these 16 trials all animals were injected once
      intraperitoneally with 4 mg/kg THC. After every third inhalation trial and after
      the injection the rats were placed on a movement sensor for 3 min. Cannabis smoke
      significantly reduced activity, relative to baseline scores, during the first 10
      inhalation trials but by the thirteenth exposure, tolerance was evident. When the
      animals were injected with THC, the male rats who had been exposed to Cannabis
      smoke significantly increased their activity whereas the females did not alter
      their activity relative to the last inhalation trial. In contrast rats of both
      sexes that had been exposed to placebo smoke significantly decreased their
      activity following the injection. This intermodal cross-tolerance is discussed in
      terms of the role of conditioning in the development of tolerance.

PMID- 981281
TI  - Action of di-n-propylacetate on the spontaneous and acquired behaviour in
      goldfish, mice and rats.
AB  - The action of n-dipropylacetate (nDPA) is related to the dose. In low doses, nDPA
      improved the number of conditioned responses with negative reinforcement. In
      higher doses, the drug inhibited spontaneous  and conditioned behaviour. An nDPA
      produces an increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) brain level, results are
      discussed in relation to the inhibitory action of GABA in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 981282
TI  - Anteroventral third ventricle site of action for angiotensin induced thirst.
AB  - The central site of action for angiotensin induced thirst was investigated in
      rats. Subfornical organ lesions resulted in a temporary abolition of drinking
      induced by lateral preoptic or lateral ventricle microinjections of angiotensin
      but drinking to anteroventral third ventricle microinjections of angiotensin (or
      carbachol) was unaffected. Drinking to elevated systemic levels of angiotensin
      was attenuated but not abolished by subfornical organ lesions. When spread of
      injected angiotensin via cerebrospinal fluid circulation was controlled by
      placing plugs at selected locations in the ventricles, drinking was elicited only
      when intracranial microinjections of angiotensin gained access to anteroventral
      third ventricle. It was concluded that subfornical organ is not the exclusive
      dipsogenic receptor for angiotensin, rather angiotensin exerts at least part of
      its dipsogenic effect by spread through the ventricular system to receptors in
      the vicinity of the anteroventral third ventricle.

PMID- 981283
TI  - The relative importance of dopamine and noradrenaline receptor stimulation for
      the restoration of motor activity in reserpine or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine pre
      treated mice.
AB  - Two animal models of Parkinsonism have been employed to investigate the role of
      noradrenaline in the motor effects of levodopa. Pretreatment with reserpine or
      alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) causes cerebral amine depletion and reduction of
      motor activity, which can be reversed by levodopa. The effect of inhibitors of
      noradrenaline (NA) synthesis and antagonists of NA and dopamine (DA) receptors on
      the action of levodopa have been studied. For comparison, the effects of such
      treatments on apomorphine action has been investigated. Reversal of reserpine (10
      mg/kg) induced akinesia in mice by levodopa (200 mg/kg) plus the peripheral
      decarboxylase inhibitor MK 486 (L-alpha-methyl-dopahydrazine; 25 mg/kg) was
      inhibited by prior administration of phenoxybenzamine (20 mg/kg), haloperidol (1
      mg/kg), pimozide (1 mg/kg) or the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA-63 (bis
      [4-methyl-l-homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl] disulphide; 15 or 25 mg/kg). Apomorphine
      (2 mg/kg) reversal of reserpine akinesia was similarly inhibited by haloperidol
      (1 mg/kg) and pimozide (2 mg/kg) but not by phenoxybenzamine (20 mg/kg) or FLA-63
      (25 mg/kg). Apomorphine (5 mg/kg) reversal of reserpine akinesia was enhanced by
      simultaneous administration of the noradrenergic agonist clonidine (1 mg/kg) and
      this effect was not significantly altered by prior administration of FLA-63.
      Clonidine, however, reversed the FLA-63 induced inhibition of the levodopa effect
      on reserpine akinesia. Levodopa reversal of akinesia induced by AMPT (200 mg/kg)
      was also inhibited by FLA-63, pimozide and haloperidol. Phenoxybenzamine,
      however, was without effect, but produced a different pattern of behaviour.
      Similarly, pimozide and haloperidol blocked apomorphine reversal of AMPT induced
      akinesia; FLA-63 was without effect but phenoxybenzamine produced marked
      inhibition. The results suggest that full restoration of motor activity in
      reserpine or AMPT pretreated animals requires stimulation of both DA and NA
      receptors.

PMID- 981284
TI  - Effect of hypnotics on mice genetically selected for sensitivity to ethanol.
AB  - It was previously shown that the rate of disappearance of blood ethanol was
      identical for two lines of mice selectively bred for differences in sleep-time
      after ethanol administration. The ED50 values for the loss of righting response
      with ethanol were significantly different at 3.64 g per kg for the SS line and
      1.65 g per kg for the LS line. In the present study the mean sleep time is 367
      sec for SS mice and 9342 sec for LS mice. The ED50 values remain essentially the
      same as previously reported. Unchanged LD50 values for ethanol, however, are not
      different at 4.8 g per kg for the SS and 4.5 g per kg for the LS line of mice.
      The ED50 value for loss for righting response following administration of
      methanol, butanol and t-butanol is approximately 2 fold greater for the SS line
      of mice than for the LS line. The ED50 values for sodium pentobarbital or ether
      in the 2 lines of mice for loss of righting response are virtually identical. In
      addition, the sleep-time values obtained after the administration of
      pentobarbital, chloral hydrate, trichloroethanol and paraldehyde are not
      significantly different. These data indicate that while the SS and LS lines of
      mice differ in central nervous system sensitivity to ethanol, methanol, butanol
      and t-butanol it is implied that they do no differ in central nervous system
      sensitivity to other hypnotic agents tested. Proof of this latter suggestion
      awaits determination of metabolic rates, and brain levels of these other
      depressants.

PMID- 981285
TI  - Intracerebral implantation of the anti-estrogen CN-69, 725-27: Effects on female
      sexual behavior in rats.
AB  - Ovariectomized adult female rats were stereotaxically implanted with double
      walled cannulas (22 ga outer and 27 ga inner) and tested for sexual receptivity
      (lordosis behavior) following SC estradiol benzoate and progesterone priming.
      Implantation of the anti-estrogen CN-69,725-27 (c. 65 mug) immediately after the
      first of 3 daily estrogen injections produced a dramatic inhibition of sexual
      receptivity when these implants were placed in the preoptic and anterior
      hypothalamic areas. CN-69,725-27 implants had no effect on receptivity when
      implanted in the middle hypothalamus, mesencephalon or frontal cortex. All
      inhibitory effects of the anti-estrogen were reversible within one day after
      removal of the CN-69,725-27 cannula from the brain.

PMID- 981286
TI  - Amino acid transport inhibition: brain and behavioral correlates.
AB  - In vivo inhibition of uptake 14C-L-valine by brain following subcutaneous
      administration of either of two gamma-glutamyl cycle enzyme inhibitors, 2
      imidazolidone-4-carboxylic acid (ICA), or, L-methionine-S-sulfoximine (MSO) is
      documented in C57BL/6J mice. Dose related decrease in exploratory activity,
      impairment of memory for foot shock, and reduced operant responding for food
      reinforcement parallels the time course for interference with uptake of a large
      neutral amino acid by these two compounds previously shown to inhibit different
      enzymes in the gamma-glutamyl cycle subserving active amino acid transport.

PMID- 981287
TI  - Are central cholinergic paths involved in habituation of exploration and
      distraction?
AB  - Experiment 1 tested the generality of Carlton's hypothesis that central
      muscarinic cholinergic pathways are involved in habituation of exploration. The
      effects of 3 muscarinic antagonists were tested in a holeboard, under 2 test
      conditions, i.e. with objects absent or present. Both the frequency and the
      duration of head-dipping were used as measures of exploration. Scopolamine
      prevented habituation only of the frequency of head-dipping, and only when
      objects were present. Atropine and benzhexol did not impair the habituation of
      either frequency of duration of head-dipping in either test condition. The
      impairment of habituation seemed therefore to be specific to scopolamine, and to
      the more complex test condition, and thus there was little to justify the
      suggestion that central cholinergic paths were generally involved. Experiment 2
      investigated the effects of muscarinic antagonists on habituation of distraction.
      None of the drugs affected the distraction to tones, nor the subsequent
      habituation to these stimuli. Central cholinergic paths do not therefore seem to
      be involved in habituation of this behavioral response.

PMID- 981288
TI  - Automated system for acquisition and reduction of startle response data.
AB  - A system specifically designed for the acquisition and reduction of startle data
      is described. It is able to (1) sample startle responses from 5 animals
      simultaneously during a specific time band after the eliciting stimulus; (2)
      convert the analogue startle amplitudes into 2-digit numbers; (3) print the
      digital results of each startle in each animal; (4) add up the startle amplitudes
      for each rat over a preset number of stimuli and print the totals; (5) print the
      interstimulus interval and (6) code for up to six diferent types of trials. A non
      technical description and complete wiring diagrams are provided.

PMID- 981289
TI  - A simple method for quantifying tremor in rodents.
AB  - A simple and accurate device to evaluate frequency and intensity of involuntary
      tremor is described. Discrete and quantifiable measures of tremor could be
      obtained in terms of vertical (i.e., absolute effects at a given time) and
      horizontal (i.e. temporal) changes. The technique was evaluated employing dosages
      of physostigmine 0.1-0.7 mg/kg. Applications to other behavioral indices, such as
      locomotor activity and wet-dog shakes, are discussed.

PMID- 981290
TI  - Time dependent action of pimozide on deprivation-induced water intake: evidence
      for a direct drug effect.
AB  - Time-response curves were established for the effect of 3 doses of pimozide, a
      potent and specific dopamine receptor blocker, on deprivation-induced drinking in
      rats. Injections occurred once every 3 days at intervals of 2, 4, 8, and 16 hr
      prior to the daily 15 min drinking period. Pimozide produced a significant
      attenuation in the amount of water normally consumed (on nondrug days) whose
      degree varied with the proximity of the injection to the drinking period. Only
      the 2 higher doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) produced a significant dose dependent
      effect which was strongest at the 2 hr interval and which gradually weakened by
      the 8th post injection hr. The relevance of these findings for a direct versus an
      indirect action of the drug on water intake is discussed.

PMID- 981291
TI  - Noise stress and the effects of viloxazine (Vivalan), a new antidepressant, on
      open field activity in rats.
AB  - The effects of different types and levels of background noise on the response to
      Viloxazine (Vivalan) were studied in rats. The results showed that increasing the
      level of noise produced changes in activity which were dependent on its mode of
      presentation (type). The drug appeared to enhance these changes.

PMID- 981292
TI  - Repeated acquisition of behavioral chains: effects of methylphenidate and
      imipramine.
AB  - A method involving repeated acquistion of behavioral chain was used to assess the
      effects of methylphenidate and imipramine in individual animals. Pigeons obtained
      food for completing a 4-response chain, which was changed from session to
      session. Learning was defined by the decrease in errors across trials within a
      session; overall accuracy was measured by total errors per session. For
      comparison, the drug tests were also conducted under a performance condition, in
      which the 4-response chain was the same from session to session. In general, both
      drugs increased total errors per session as a function of dose under both the
      learning and performance conditions. The error-increasing effect was greater with
      imipramine than with methylphenidate and was detected at lower doses under the
      learning condition than under the performance condition. Under the learning
      condition, the higher doses of both drugs decreased the rate of within-session
      error reduction. Although neither drug enhanced accuracy at any of the doses
      tested, the lower doses of methylphenidate slightly decreased total trial time
      under both the learning and performance conditions.

PMID- 981293
TI  - [Synthesis of amidinobenzylaryl-, amidinobenzylalkyl- and
      amidinobenzylalkoxymethylketones].

PMID- 981294
TI  - Synthesis of some phthalazine derivatives chemically related to hydralazine.
AB  - The potent antihypertensive properties of hydralazine and dihydralazine prompted
      the synthesis of sixteen new phthalazine derivatives with thiosemicarbazide or
      beta-propionamide residues to investigate their possible antihypertensive
      activity.

PMID- 981295
TI  - [Enzymatically cleavable specific transport forms of cancerostatics. 3. 4-/N.N
      bis-(2-chlorethyl)-amino/-derivatives of phenyl-O-beta-D-cellobiosids and
      pyrocatechol-bis-/O-beta-D-cellobiosids].

PMID- 981296
TI  - Synthesis of certain spiro compounds.
AB  - The synthesis of certain N-substituted azaspirodiones and azaspiranes is
      described. Fusing equimolecular amounts of 2-oxaspiro [4.4]nonane-1.3-dione with
      a number of amino compounds afforded the corresponding N-substituted
      azaspirodiones. However, with certain o-substituted anilines, no condensation
      took place. Reduction of the N-haloaryl azaspirodiones gave the corresponding
      oxygen free compounds. Other azaspiranes were isolated as the quaternary
      methiodides. Applying the Mannich conditions to 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-1.3-dione
      yielded the N-Mannich bases.

PMID- 981297
TI  - [Synthesis of 4-amidinobenzylchlormethyl-, acyloxymethyl- and 
      hydroxymethylketones].

PMID- 981298
TI  - Argentometric titration of procaine hydrochloride with zero current
      bipotentiometric indication using pretreated silver electrodes.
AB  - A new procedure for the quantitative estimation of procaine hydrochloride is
      given based on the argentometric titration of its hydrochloride content, and
      using a zero current bipotentiometric indication. For this purpose two
      differently prepared silver electrodes are used. Quantitative data concerning
      precision are also given.

PMID- 981299
TI  - [Studies on the electrochemical oxydation of amphetamine and methamphetamine].

PMID- 981300
TI  - [Problems in the use of plastic containers for liquid drug preparations. 20.
      Studies on the sorption and desorption of ethylene oxide on the plastic material
      after sterilization by gas].

PMID- 981301
TI  - The in-vitro adsorption of some antirheumatics on antacids.
AB  - The adsorption of sodium salicylate, salicylamide, acetylsalicylic acid,
      paracetamol, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone,
      phenazone, aminophenazone, indometacin and methiazinic acid on some antacids was
      studied. The antacids used were magnesium trisilicate, magnesium oxide, aluminium
      hydroxide, bismuth oxycarbonate, calcium carbonate and kaolin. Magnesium oxide,
      followed by aluminium hydroxide and bismuth oxycarbonate showed a fairly high
      adsorptive capacity for salicylates, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, methiazinic
      acid, indometacin and to a lesser extent for phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone.
      On the other hand, magnesium trisilicate exhibited a tendency to adsorb
      phenazone, aminophenazone, indometacin and methiazinic acid. Kaolin was found to
      be a good adsorbent for anthranilic acid derivatives, indometacin and methiazinic
      acid. Calcium carbonate showed a weak adsorptive capacity for all drugs tested.
      The adsorption of phenylbutazone and salicylates on magnesium oxide, aluminium
      hydroxide and/or bismuth oxycarbonate obeyed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
      Elution study showed that salicylates and anthranilic acid derivatives were
      tenaciously held by magnesium oxide while magnesium trisilicate showed an
      intermediate retention power for phenazone and aminophenazone. Sodium hydrogen
      carbonate solution gave, in general, a higher eluting power than hydrochloric
      acid solution. A marked reduction in the apparent partition coefficients of all
      drugs tested was observed in the presence of magnesium trisilicate or aluminium
      hydroxide. Careful in vitro and in vivo testing of drug availability is advisable
      prior to the concomitant administration of antirheumatics with antacids or other
      adsorbents.

PMID- 981302
TI  - [Injection casting procedure for the preparation of oral delayed-action
      preparations. 4. Break-in of channeling pharmaceutic aids].

PMID- 981303
TI  - [Studies on the liberation of solubilized drugs from ointment bases. 3. Influence
      of various solubility-mediators in the presence of Span 20 on the liberation of
      chloramphenicol from emulsion ointments].

PMID- 981304
TI  - [Influence of solubilization with polyethyleneglycol-glycerol fatty acid esters
      on the photostability of menadione. 5. Use of solubilization mediators as
      pharmaceutic aids in the production of drugs].

PMID- 981305
TI  - [Apigenin-7-O-monoglucoside in the plant of Plantago lanceolata].

PMID- 981306
TI  - Citric acid-acetic anhydride reagent for determining some alkaloids and organic
      bases.

PMID- 981307
TI  - Colorimetric determination of some organic bases using Tropaeolin 000.

PMID- 981308
TI  - Synthesis and anticancer activity of some new styrylquinolines.

PMID- 981309
TI  - [Influence of energy-rich radiation on the polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions].

PMID- 981310
TI  - [Alkaloid and steroid-sapogenin content in Solanum umbellatum].

PMID- 981311
TI  - [Molecular galenics. 9. Solubility-mediating effect between p-hydroxybenzoic acid
      esters].

PMID- 981312
TI  - [Molecular galenics. 10. Mechanical activation and inactivation of cellulose
      powders in grinding processes].

PMID- 981313
TI  - [Molecular galenics. 11. Influence of pressure on the classification degree of
      cellulose powders].

PMID- 981314
TI  - [Studies on the sterilizing effect of gaseous peracetic acid in paper-wrapped
      material].

PMID- 981315
TI  - [Incidence of heavy metals in distilled and demineralized water].

PMID- 981316
TI  - Chemistry of growth hormone.

PMID- 981317
TI  - The anthraquinone laxatives.

PMID- 981318
TI  - Clinical and toxicological aspects of anthraquinone laxatives.

PMID- 981319
TI  - Neuroendocrine studies of depressive illness.
AB  - Interest in possible neuroendocrine disturbances in endogenous depression is
      prompted by two lines of evidence: (1) clinical features of the illness suggest
      hypothalamic dysfunction; (2) the brain neurotransmitters implicated in
      depression also regulate neuroendocrine function. Our research reveals a marked,
      sustained hypersecretion in cortisol in severe depressive illness, which is
      apparently unrelated to stress and sleep disturbance, and which is associated
      with a distortion of the 24-hour cortisol secretory pattern. The hypersecretion
      is manifested primarily in the late afternoon, evening, and early morning hours,
      when cortisol secretion is normally inhibited. Growth hormone responses to
      hypoglycemia (but not to L-dopa) are also significantly reduced in endogenous
      depression, even when factors of age and the menopause are controlled.
      Postmenopausal depressed women appear to secret significantly less LH than normal
      postmenopausal women. Since all of these hormonal abnormalities can be reproduced
      by depletion of brain noradrenalin, the findings provide support for the the
      hypothesis of reduced functional noradrenergic activity in certain forms of
      depression.

PMID- 981320
TI  - Clinical and biochemical parameters during neuroleptic treatment. I.
      Investigations with haloperidol.
AB  - 26 patients with a paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome were treated with a fixed
      daily dose of haloperidol. Psychopathological symptoms and parkinsonism were
      studied before and during the treatment. HVA and 5-HIAA concentrations in CSF
      were determined immediately before and after 5 or 15 days of treatment. After 5
      days of treatment a slight effect was observed on psychotic symptoms and on the
      extrapyramidal motor system, as well as an elevation of HVA and 5-HIAA
      concentrations in CSF. After 15 days of treatment the extrapyramidal and
      antipsychotic effects were significant, but the rise of HVA was smaller than
      after 5 days of treatment; 5-HIAA remained unchanged. These different time
      courses of the neuroleptic effects on psychopathological symptoms, on
      extrapyramidal system and on monoamine metabolites concentration in CSF could be
      interpreted as a development of drug tolerance in relation to the biochemical
      parameters.

PMID- 981321
TI  - Clinical and biochemical parameters during neuroleptic treatment. II.
      Antipsychotic effect of haloperidol in patients with chronic organic brain
      damage.
AB  - The time-course of psychopathological symptoms, of extrapyramidal side effects,
      and of changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of homovanillic acid
      (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were simultaneously studied during
      Haloperidol treatment of 14 psychotic patients with chronic organic brain damage.
      After 15 days of treatment significant antipsychotic effect was found, while
      Parkinsonism scores in clinical and experimental tests increased only slightly.
      CSF concentration of HVA increased significantly by 150% compared to the baseline
      value (p less than 0.05) and 5-HIAA remained unchanged. No correlation was found
      between the clinical and biochemical variables studied. The comparison of these
      results with those obtained in patients without brain damage suggests that
      different psychopathological and extrapyramidal responses to neuroleptics are not
      strictly associated with specific HVA changes in CSF.

PMID- 981322
TI  - Clinical and biochemical parameters during neuroleptic treatment. III. Primitive
      reflexes during neuroleptic treatment.
AB  - Palmomental reflex, glabellar reflex and oral responses were studied in the
      course of a treatment with Haloperidol in 14 psychotic patients with a chronic
      organic brain damage. An increase of the three responses was found; maximum
      intensity and frequency of the primitive reflexes were reached during the first 5
      days of treatment. There was no correlation found between the intensity of
      primitive reflexes and changes of psychopathological symptoms, of extrapyramidal
      scores and of homovanillic acid (=HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5=5-HIAA)
      concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (=CSF). The presence of primitive responses
      is interpreted as a "decompensation phenomenon" induced by neuroleptics, probably
      in relation to an effect on the central nervous system (=CNS) dopamine receptors.
      It is suggested that the appearance of several definite, primitive reflexes
      during neuroleptic therapy may have some diagnostic and prognostic significance.

PMID- 981323
TI  - Psychotropic drug use in family practice.
AB  - In an attempt to assess the precision of an illness-treatment "fit" between
      dispensing and actual need for psychotropic medications, the present study
      examined the dispensing patterns to consecutive attenders of private general
      practice. "Conservative" use of psychotropic drugs was indicated insofar as
      patients were seldom dispensed medication in the absence of emotional problems,
      and the presence of emotional problems frequently was not accompanied by the
      dispensing of medication. In addition, specific social and illness factors were
      located which could differentially predict either the presence of emotional
      problems, the use of psychotropic drugs, or both of these variables. The
      potential for constructing a more precise illness-treatment fit was considered.

PMID- 981324
TI  - [A comparison of the tranquilizing effect of fluspirilene and diazepam (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Over a period of 8 weeks we compared the tranquilizing effects of the longterm
      neuroleptic Fluspirilene to those of Diazepam in a series of 28 patients. Both
      drugs showed good effects on somatization, anxiety and depressive mood.
      Fluspirilene, however, proved to be the more mood elevating and more activating
      agent without being hypnotic. The indications for both drugs are being discussed
      emphazising the new therapeutic perspectives of a long acting tranquilizer.

PMID- 981325
TI  - Evaluation of the lithium RBC/plasma ratio as a predictor of the prophylactic
      effect of lithium treatment in affective disorders.
AB  - 62 patients with affective disorder, 31 unipolar, 22 bipolar and 9 cycloid
      psychotics who had received prophylactic lithium therapy for 0,3 to 7,5 years
      were studied. Lithium in plasma, lithium in red blood cells (RBC) and the lithium
      ratio (RBC/plasma) were estimated. The lithium ratio does not seem to be of
      predictive value in determining for which patients prophylactic lithium therapy
      will succeed.

PMID- 981326
TI  - Lithium carbonate prophylaxis of depression in three subtypes in primary
      affective disorder.
AB  - Multiple indices of depression were used to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of
      lithium carbonate versus placebo in a 4-year, double-blind study of unipolar,
      bipolar I, and bipolar II patients diagnosed according to strict criteria. Our
      data indicate lithium prophylaxis of depression on several indices in all three
      subtypes of affective illness. Additional studies are needed, comparing tricyclic
      antidepressants alone, monoamine oxidase inhibitors alone, or either drug
      combination with lithium carbonate for prophylaxis in clearly defined depressive
      subtypes.

PMID- 981327
TI  - Maintenance therapy of depression.
AB  - This paper summarises findings from a study of maintenance treatment in
      predominantly neurotic depressive responding to initial treatment with
      amitriptyline. Patients were continued on amitriptyline for eight months,
      withdrawn double-blind to placebo after two months, or withdrawn overtly to no
      medication, with and without individual psychotherapy from social workers in the
      factorial design. Continuation significantly reduced early relapse and symptom
      return, compared with either condition of early withdrawal. Psychotherapy
      improved social adjustment after eight months in patients who did not relapse,
      without any significant interactions. Side effects were minimal, except for
      carbohydrate craving. These findings suggest that tricyclic antidepressants
      should be routinely continued for several months after drug-induced remission.

PMID- 981328
TI  - How long should prophylactics be continued in affective disorders?
AB  - The article traces the historical development of the prophylactic drug treatment
      of affective disorders. Prior to the introduction of lithium, standard anti
      depressant drugs were used for maintenance treatment. Historically, lithium did
      not introduce prophylactic treatment. It did, however, dramatically advance the
      concept and administration of the prophylactic treatment of affective disorders.
      Specific criteria must now be developed to determine the duration of prophylactic
      treatment in terms of individual illness profiles. Therapeutic goals and clinical
      problems in the administration of treatment represent a main part of the paper.

PMID- 981329
TI  - Long-term therapy of affective disorders and schizophrenia.

PMID- 981330
TI  - Therapeutic control of plasma concentrations and long-term effect of
      nortriptyline in recurrent affective disorders.
AB  - Based on the evidence that therapeutic plasma concentration range in fact exists
      for the tricyclic antidepressant drug, Nortriptyline (range 50-150 ng/ml), three
      different investigations were under taken in order to clarify some clinical
      pharmacological problems during long-term treatment with this drug. The possible
      prophlactic effect of the drug in recurrent affective disorders was specially
      examined in a group of patients with a high risk of episodes in their unipolar
      manic-depressive disease. The results highly demonstrate the value of monitoring
      plasma levels in achieving therapeutic control. Depressive relapses during
      treatment, for months and years, were only related to therapeutic insufficient
      plasma levels of the drug.

PMID- 981331
TI  - Effects of short-and long-term administration of tricyclic antidepressants and
      lithium on norepinephrine turnover in brain.
AB  - The findings summarized in this paper show that norepinephrine turnover in brain
      is decreased after acute administration of imipramine or desmethylimipramine but
      tends to increase during chronic administration of these tricyclic
      antidepressants. Similarly, it appears that there also may be important
      differences between the effects of acute and chronic administration of lithium
      salts on norepinephrine turnover in the central nervous system. Such changes in
      norepinephrine turnover that develop gradually over the course of long-term drug
      administration may help to explain the need for chronic administration of
      tricyclic antidepressants or lithium salts in the treatment of patients with
      affective disorders.

PMID- 981332
TI  - The 1976 presidential address.

PMID- 981333
TI  - Chest physical therapy.

PMID- 981334
TI  - Hiring practices of physicians.

PMID- 981335
TI  - More on calculating weight bearing on a tilt table.

PMID- 981337
TI  - Kinetic formaldehyde analysis of DNA ultraviolet irradiated in the presence of
      silver ions.

PMID- 981336
TI  - Photosensitization of human diploid cell cultures by intracellular flavins and
      protection by antioxidants.

PMID- 981338
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer: in mice and men.

PMID- 981339
TI  - Intramolecular energy transfer in native tRNA at room temperature.

PMID- 981340
TI  - The ultraviolet dose dependence of non-melanoma skin cancer incidence.

PMID- 981341
TI  - A new facet in rhodopsin photochemistry.

PMID- 981342
TI  - The selective photo-initiated alkylation of purines in DNA with 2-propylamine.

PMID- 981343
TI  - A new fluorescent photoproduct of tryptophan evidenced by long wavelength
      excitation of fluorescence.

PMID- 981344
TI  - Interaction between proflavine and guanosine 5'-phosphate: importance of
      photoexcitation.

PMID- 981345
TI  - Near-UV-induced breaks in phage DNA: sensitization by hydrogen peroxide (a
      tryptophan photoproduct).

PMID- 981346
TI  - Inheritance of photoreactivating enzyme deficiencies in human cells.

PMID- 981347
TI  - Isothermal luminescence and thermoluminescence of nucleic acid bases following
      gamma-irradiation.

PMID- 981348
TI  - The triplet excited state of bilirubin.

PMID- 981349
TI  - A concentration-dependent quantum yield for photohydration of 1,3-dimethyluracil.

PMID- 981350
TI  - Spectroscopic properties and interactions of dimethoxycoumarin with DNA.

PMID- 981351
TI  - Oxidation of luminol by the xanthine oxidase system in presence of carbonate
      anions.

PMID- 981352
TI  - Absence of correlation between spin-lattice relaxation times and water content in
      human tumor tissues.
AB  - With a view to ascertaining the possible role of water content of the cells in
      the reported elevated values for proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) in
      malignant tissues, measurements of percent water content as well as T1 were
      undertaken in 68 cases of normal and concerous tissues from diverse sites in
      human patients. T1 values for the uninvolved samples were found to lie in the
      range of 400-1000 msec while the corresponding range for the involved samples was
      from 450-1520 msec. Water content of both normal and uninvolved tissues mostly
      lay in the narrow range of 70-90%. Occasionally samples with large T1 values
      showed lower water content as well. Data obtained weakens the case for
      characterization of tumor cells on the basis of their water content alone.

PMID- 981353
TI  - Diamagnetic levitation in the fractionally superconducting bile cholates.
AB  - Diamagnetic levitation similar to that seen in metallic superconductors has been
      observed in organic compounds; namely, the bile cholates. Levitation phenomena,
      with forces exceeding 400 lbs/in, occurred in repeated experiments at transition
      temperatures extablished by susceptibility and resistivity measurements. With
      crystalline phase change ruled out by X-ray diffraction studies, the observed
      levitation must be regarded as due to superconductive effects occurring in small
      domains randomly dispersed throughout the insulating bulk of the investigated
      cholates. The transition temperatures observed in some of these compounds were
      higher than those seen in the metals.

PMID- 981354
TI  - Allosteric linkage and phase transition.
AB  - The thermodynamics of allosteric linkage are observed to be analogous to those of
      a phase transition. When a phenomenological theory of phase transitions is
      applied to the allosteric interactions in hemoglobin, a generalized Hill equation
      is arrived at, including an explicit dependence on temperature. This result is in
      good agreement with experiments.

PMID- 981355
TI  - A new pathway of taurine biosynthesis.

PMID- 981356
TI  - A reply to the concept of cancer treatment by NMR.

PMID- 981358
TI  - Testimony concerning the NIH peer review system: a critical assessment.

PMID- 981357
TI  - Testimony concerning the NIH peer review system: a reasonable defense.

PMID- 981360
TI  - Masculine sexual behavior: pacing and ejaculatory patterns in femal rats induced
      by electrical shock.

PMID- 981359
TI  - Effects of cervical and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on osmotic and volemic thirst.

PMID- 981361
TI  - Maternal behavior in the undernourished rat (Rattus norvegicus).

PMID- 981362
TI  - Habituation and sensitization of the acoustic startle response during cortical
      spreading depression in rats.

PMID- 981363
TI  - Effect of castration on sexual arousal in the rat, determined from records of
      post-ejaculatory ultrasonic vocalizations.

PMID- 981364
TI  - Effects of periodic withdrawal on ethanol and saccharin selection in rats.

PMID- 981365
TI  - Retinal versus central processes in determining averaged evoked response
      waveforms.

PMID- 981366
TI  - Control of feeding in suckling rats: effects of glucose and of osmotic stimuli.

PMID- 981367
TI  - Impaired free-operant avoidance behavior following ventromedial hypothalamic
      lesions in rats.

PMID- 981368
TI  - Sensory afferents to the caudate nucleus.

PMID- 981369
TI  - Effects of pelvic nerve and pudendal nerve transection on mating behavior in the
      male rat.

PMID- 981370
TI  - Effects of genital deafferentation on mounting and intromission behavior in
      spayed female rats treated with estrogen.

PMID- 981371
TI  - Interactional effects of pudendal nerve section and social restriction on male
      rat sexual behavior.

PMID- 981372
TI  - Suppression of food intake in diabetic rats by voluntary consumption and
      intrahypothalamic injection of glucose.

PMID- 981373
TI  - Monocular pattern discrimination in normal and monocularly light-deprived
      rabbits.

PMID- 981374
TI  - Teleost telencephalon and learning: an interpretive review of data and
      hypotheses.

PMID- 981375
TI  - Constant current device for drug application studies in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 981376
TI  - Long term recording from cortical and subcortical neurons in unrestrained cats.

PMID- 981378
TI  - A tone burst modulator for behavioral and neurophysilolgical audio stimulation.

PMID- 981377
TI  - Prolonged hormone deprivation and pretest cage adaptation as factors affecting
      the display of lordosis by female rats.

PMID- 981379
TI  - Clinical features of spastic states.

PMID- 981380
TI  - Treatment note. Plastazote mould.

PMID- 981381
TI  - Clinical management of spastic states.

PMID- 981382
TI  - Phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase activity and biosynthesis of anthocyanins and
      chlorogenic acid in tissue cultures of Daucus carota (author's transl).

PMID- 981383
TI  - Diosgenin and yamogenin levels in some Indian plant samples.

PMID- 981384
TI  - [Residue problems after treating tinnevelly senna pods of commerce with ethylene
      oxide gas (author's transl)].

PMID- 981385
TI  - Chemical study of the flowers of Polygonum plebejum.

PMID- 981386
TI  - [Analysis of the essential oil of Elyonurus viridulus (author's transl)].

PMID- 981387
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic study of the steroidal and cardinolide constituents of
      Penstemon species of North Dakota.

PMID- 981388
TI  - Identification of steroidal and triterpenic compounds of Cucumis trigonus.

PMID- 981389
TI  - Alkaloid screening of fungi.

PMID- 981390
TI  - Chemical constituents of Tricholepis glaberrima.

PMID- 981392
TI  - Phytochemical investigation of Abutilon indicum.

PMID- 981391
TI  - [The tannin producing substances of Ephedra helvetica (author's transl)].

PMID- 981393
TI  - Studies on the alkaloids of Palicourea fendleri.

PMID- 981394
TI  - Use of punch cards in data retrieval of flavonoids.

PMID- 981395
TI  - Irritant constituents of Iranian plants. Ingenol from Euphorbia seguieriana.

PMID- 981396
TI  - Occurrence of N-isobutyl eicosa-trans-2-trans-4-dienamide in Piper nigrum.

PMID- 981397
TI  - [Development and distribution of isoflavone 7-O-beta-glycoside specific beta
      glycosidases in Cicerarietinum (author's transl)].

PMID- 981398
TI  - Xanthelasma: follow-up on results after surgical excision.
AB  - Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common xanthoma and is associated with other
      xanthomas or hyperlipemia syndromes in only 5 percent of the patients--even
      though one third of the affected patients have an elevated serum cholesterol
      level. Surgical excision is simple, safe, leaves minimal scarring, and will be
      definitive in more than half of the patients being treated for the first time.
      Reexcision may still be worthwhile if the xanthelasma recurs. However, recurrence
      is to be anticipated if all 4 eyelids are involved, if there is an underlying
      hyperlipemia syndrome, or if there has been more than one previous recurrence.

PMID- 981399
TI  - Mechanism of upper lid ptosis in the anophthalmic orbit.
AB  - The occurrence of upper lid ptosis in 66 patients in the anophthalmic state was
      18 percent, despite an adequate prosthesis. The commonly cited causes for this
      entity do not hold up under examination. A detailed review of the anatomy of the
      levator mechanism and of the anatomy of an enucleation suggests that the etiology
      is really based on the production of a mechanical imbalance in the levator
      apparatus. Suggestions for management and for the timing of the correction (in
      relation to other surgical procedures) are made.

PMID- 981400
TI  - Spherical contracture of fibrous capsules around breast implants. Prevention and
      treatment.
AB  - A follow-up of 82 patients who had had augumentation mammaplasties is reported.
      Though the number of patients having had each form of ancillary treatment is
      small, we believe that intraoperative instillation of triamcinolone and
      postoperative "expansion exercises" are of value in decreasing the incidence of
      capsular contracture around the implants. When such spherical contracture does
      occur, the capsule can usually be ruptured simply and quickly by external
      pressure with the surgeon's hands. This is usually done as an office procedure,
      without anesthesia. The results are so beneficial that we believe this should be
      done on many patients. In some it may need to be done repeatedly.

PMID- 981401
TI  - Secondary correction of the too-high areola and nipple after a mammaplasty.
AB  - Two cases of nipples placed too high by reduction mammaplasties have been
      corrected by a combination of maneuvers--including (1) shortening the distance
      from the nipple to the inframammary line, and (2) repositioning of the areola
      nipple component or putting in an implant to make the main projection of the
      breast directly behind the nipple.

PMID- 981402
TI  - Compression treatment of hemangiomas.
AB  - Compression therapy appears to be a safe and effective modality for treating
      involuting and non-involuting hemangiomas. Compression may induce earlier mature
      resolution in involuting hemangiomas, and may reduce the size of non-involuting
      hemangiomas--at least temporarily.

PMID- 981404
TI  - Triphalangeal thumb.
AB  - In the last 6 years, I have seen 29 patients (37 hands) who had an additional
      phalanx between the two other phalanges of their thumbs. These triphalangeal
      thumbs can be divided into opposable and nonopposable thumbs. The epiphyseal
      plate of the first metacarpal is at the proximal end in the opposable
      triphalangeal thumb, at the distal end in the nonopposable triphalangeal thumb,
      at both the distal and proximal ends in the complicated split hand, and at the
      proximal end in the complicated preaxial polydactyly. Treatment of these cases is
      described, as well as theories about the origin of the deformity.

PMID- 981403
TI  - Soft tissue response to blood-impregnated Proplast.
AB  - The effects of Proplast implants on the soft tissues of rats were studied. The
      effects from Proplast implants which had been impregnated with blood, plasma, or
      saline were compared to the effects from implants which had received no
      pretreatment. No significant differences were found.

PMID- 981405
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: a dermal elastosis with surgical implications.
AB  - We discuss the condition of pseudoxanthoma elasticum and its differential
      diagnosis, and we present a patient who had this illness. The redundant skin was
      surgically removed from her axilla and thigh.

PMID- 981406
TI  - Effect of a concurrent immune response on the collagen synthesis around implanted
      Ivalon sponges in rats.

PMID- 981407
TI  - Benign symmetrical lipomatosis. Case report.
AB  - We present a patient who had benign symmetrical lipomatosis. He was treated
      surgically (6 operations), and the results were satisfactory. we discuss various
      factors in this disease and suggest the possibility of a nonsurgical treatment
      being developed in the future.

PMID- 981408
TI  - Microsurgery in the prevention of traumatic tattoos.
AB  - We were able to remove most of the foreign body particles from a fresh wound
      caused by a gunpowder blast to the face, using microsurgical techniques. This
      prevented a subsequent serious dirt tattoo.

PMID- 981409
TI  - Protecting a breast implant from puncture during closure of an augmentation
      mammaplasty incision.

PMID- 981410
TI  - [Analysis of non-medical reasons for long-term (20 years and over)
      hospitalization of schizophrenic patients].

PMID- 981411
TI  - [Comparative study of the effects of fluphenazine-depot and flupenthixol-depot in
      the treatment of schizophrenic psychoses].

PMID- 981412
TI  - [Evaluation of the antidepressive action of maprotiline].

PMID- 981413
TI  - [Hysterical psychoses in contemporary diagnostics].

PMID- 981414
TI  - [Short-term group psychotherapy in endogenous depression].

PMID- 981415
TI  - [Mental disease and psychiatry in the opinion of students from different types of
      schools].

PMID- 981416
TI  - [Case of exogenous psychosis in the course of Amanita phalloides poisoning].

PMID- 981417
TI  - [Prolonged twilight state in the course of viral encephalitis].

PMID- 981418
TI  - [Neuroleptic treatment of children and Australia antigen carrier state].

PMID- 981419
TI  - [Psychiatric disorders in the course of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 981420
TI  - [Mental condition of schizophrenics after a hospitalization of more than 20
      years].

PMID- 981421
TI  - [Comparative study of the therapeutic effectiveness of mirenil prolongatum and
      moditen depot in the treatment of schizophrenia].

PMID- 981423
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of clozapine. A follow-up study].

PMID- 981422
TI  - [Activity of peripheral blood cholinesterases in schizophrenia and during its
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 981424
TI  - [Sleep deprivation in the treatment of depression].

PMID- 981425
TI  - [Interrelationship between erythrocyte lithium index and the clinical state of
      patients with affective disturbances treated prophylactically with lithium
      salts].

PMID- 981426
TI  - [Ability of persons with mental disorders to act in legal matters in the light of
      proceedings initiated for their legal incapacitation].

PMID- 981427
TI  - [Relation between opinions on psychiatric disorders and the frequency of seeking
      psychiatric help among students].

PMID- 981428
TI  - [Reasons for directing drafted servicemen to psychiatric observations during the
      years 1969-1971].

PMID- 981429
TI  - [Theoretical and practical possibilities of studying the central autonomic
      nervous system in psychiatry].

PMID- 981430
TI  - [Theoretical and practical possibilities of studying the peripheral autonomic
      nervous system in psychiatry].

PMID- 981431
TI  - [Some comments on the particular features of incest and transsexualism].

PMID- 981432
TI  - [Transsexualism and partnership. A clinical case].

PMID- 981433
TI  - [Alcoholic psychoses with atypical changes of mood].

PMID- 981434
TI  - [Propranolol-type drug dependency].

PMID- 981435
TI  - [Short-term mental disorders following procaine penicillin injections].

PMID- 981436
TI  - A developmental view of anxiety. Some clinical and theoretical considerations.

PMID- 981437
TI  - Survey of the successful analysis of a young man addicted to heroin.

PMID- 981438
TI  - Development of the treatment alliance in the analysis of an adolescent boy.

PMID- 981439
TI  - Reconstruction of adolescence (and early latency) in the analysis of an adult
      woman.

PMID- 981440
TI  - Aspects of prospective fatherhood. A case report.

PMID- 981441
TI  - Mourning in a 6-year-old girl.

PMID- 981442
TI  - Personal experience with psychoanalytic technique and theory during the last half
      century.

PMID- 981443
TI  - The central masturbation fantasy, the final sexual organization, and adolescence.

PMID- 981444
TI  - An anaclitic syndrome in adolescent amphetamine addicts.

PMID- 981445
TI  - The wish to steal a baby in a 15-year-old girl.

PMID- 981446
TI  - Some comments on the concept of the negative oedipal phase in girls.

PMID- 981447
TI  - Termination of treatment in adolescence.

PMID- 981448
TI  - Therapeutic alliance and the role of speech in child analysis.

PMID- 981449
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of an infant with psychophysiological vomiting.

PMID- 981450
TI  - Infant-parent psychotherapy on behalf of a child in a critical nutritional state.

PMID- 981451
TI  - Psychotherapy with mentally retarded children.

PMID- 981452
TI  - Looking backward from A Clockwork Orange.

PMID- 981453
TI  - Manifestations of aggression in latency and preadolescent girls.

PMID- 981454
TI  - The split parental imago in adolescent social relations. An inquiry into group
      psychology.

PMID- 981455
TI  - Latency revisited. The age 7 plus or minus 1.

PMID- 981456
TI  - Self-disclosure patterns of Mennonite adolescents to parents and their perceived
      relationships.

PMID- 981457
TI  - Cardiovascular stress during the rapid-smoking procedure.

PMID- 981458
TI  - Protest and vocalizing behavior of cuddling and noncuddling infants to different
      textured fabrics.

PMID- 981459
TI  - Assessing interactions of environment X drug.

PMID- 981460
TI  - The Swedish "Children born to women denied abortion" study: a radical criticism.

PMID- 981461
TI  - Comments on Cameron and Tichenor's remarks on our 1966 paper.

PMID- 981462
TI  - Self-image of nurses.

PMID- 981463
TI  - Development of a generalized signal controlling noise level.

PMID- 981464
TI  - Creative thinking abilities of student nurses.

PMID- 981465
TI  - Test of Goffman's hypothesis of familiarity and deviance: attempted suicide and
      tolerance of deviant behavior.

PMID- 981467
TI  - Transfer of reversal training on an odor-cued discrimination in the mouse.

PMID- 981466
TI  - Dyadic free association.

PMID- 981468
TI  - Personality factors among adolescent boys.

PMID- 981469
TI  - Holland Vocational Preference Inventory: norms for a sample of female students of
      therapy.

PMID- 981470
TI  - Trainees' impressions of psychotherapy and psychotherapists.

PMID- 981472
TI  - The Crystal-Bolles hypothesis: a first testing.

PMID- 981471
TI  - Comparative study of reinforcing stimuli: imitative responses and general
      behavior of two retarded adults.

PMID- 981473
TI  - Effects of drive level on the type and degree of cue control in rats.

PMID- 981474
TI  - Note on the relationship between n ACH and uric acid.

PMID- 981475
TI  - Suicidal behavior in neurotics and psychotics.

PMID- 981476
TI  - Unobtrusive detection of signs of potential juvenile delinquency.

PMID- 981477
TI  - Choice responding by rats as a function of drive operation.

PMID- 981478
TI  - Extraversion in police officers.

PMID- 981479
TI  - Normative data on the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale in a developing country.

PMID- 981480
TI  - Fertility and suicidal behavior.

PMID- 981481
TI  - Descriptive study of behavior during transition from heroin addict to methadone
      patient.

PMID- 981482
TI  - Demographic and self-report characteristics of lesbians.

PMID- 981483
TI  - Development and standardization of measures of stereotypic sex-role concepts and
      of sex-role adoption in adults.

PMID- 981484
TI  - Personality and generalized expectancies for interpersonal trust.

PMID- 981485
TI  - Cajal-Retzius cells as electrostatic guides for migrating neurons.

PMID- 981486
TI  - Authoritarianism and ethnocentrism: a South African sample.

PMID- 981487
TI  - Self-image of social workers.

PMID- 981488
TI  - Effects of social reinforcement and visual feedback on work production among
      mentally retarded sheltered workshop clients.

PMID- 981489
TI  - Lessons taught by experimental high blood pressure research.

PMID- 981490
TI  - Presidential Address-1976. Social support as a moderator of life stress.
AB  - Social support is defined as information leading the subject to believe that he
      is cared for and loved, esteemed, and a member of a network of mutual
      obligations. The evidence that supportive interactions among people are
      protective against the health consequences of life stress is reviewed. It appears
      that social support can protect people in crisis from a wide variety of
      pathological states: from low birth weight to death, from arthritis through
      tuberculosis to depression, alcoholism, and the social breakdown syndrome.
      Furthermore, social support may reduce the amount of medication required,
      accelerate recovery, and facilitate compliance with prescribed medical regimens.

PMID- 981491
TI  - Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and obesity.
AB  - Measures were made of body image and personality features in patients with
      anorexia nervosa and obesity. It was hypothesized that obese and anorexic
      patients would display similar body image disturbances characterized by relative
      overestimation of body size in comparison with control subjects. Body image was
      measured by both a distorting photograph technique (a general measure) and a
      visual size estimation apparatus (for specific body regions). Personality
      features were assessed by the Eysenck Personality Inventory and a modified
      version of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale. Results indicated that both obese
      (N=16) and anorexic (N=18) subjects significantly differed from three control
      groups (P less than 0.01) in body size estimation on a general measure of body
      image. A measure of specific body regions did not differentiate between groups.
      For anorexic and obese patients, body size estimates were significantly
      correlated with personality features.

PMID- 981492
TI  - Facial expression and imagery in depression: an electromyographic study.
AB  - When subjects are instructed to self-generate happy, sad, and angry imagery,
      discrete patterns of facial muscle activity can be detected using
      electromyographic (EMG) procedures. Prior research from this laboratory suggests
      that depressed subjects show attenuated facial EMG patterns during imagery
      conditions, particularly during happy imagery. In the present experiment, 12
      depressed subjects and 12 matched normals were requested to generate happy and
      sad imagery, first with the instruction to simply "think" about the imagery, and
      then to self-regulate the affective state by "reexperiencing the feelings"
      associated with the imagery. Continuous recordings of facial EMG were obtained
      from the corrugator, zygomatic major, depressor anguli oris, and mentalis muscle
      regions. It was hypothesized that (a) these muscle sites would reliably
      differentiate between happy and sad imagery. (b) the instruction to self-generate
      the affective feeling state would produce greater EMG differences than the
      "think" instructions, and (c) the "think" instructions would be a more sensitive
      indicator of the difference between depressed and nondepressed subjects,
      especially for happy imagery. All three hypotheses were confirmed. The
      application of facial electromyography to the assessment of normal and clinical
      mood states, and the role of facial muscle patterning in the subjective
      experience of emotion, are discussed.

PMID- 981493
TI  - Death from fright: report of a case and literature review.
AB  - A case report is presented illustrating the thesis that fear of fantasy material
      may trigger off a physiological process leading to death.

PMID- 981494
TI  - [Two kinds of dying--existential and psychodynamic aspects of a personal
      thanatology (author's transl)].
AB  - If we eliminate the area of biological and psychological methods, aspects of
      human death can be experienced which go far beyond understanding death as a
      defect, as simple cessation of physiological functions. Only then does the total
      structure of human death as one of the most important "border situations"
      (Jaspers) of human life become evident. For man, coming to grips with his
      finality is a task which he cannot escape. This task, which is connected with the
      ability to experience a future, is an essential characteristic (Scheler) which
      differentiates man from animals. This is due to the fact that man's spiritual
      structure has been set in a biological matrix. This double structure of man also
      implies the possibility of a double cessation of his true nature. In addition to
      biological death, there is also a spiritual death in human existence where the
      biological matrix is fully intact: A biologically intact organism, which presents
      no problem for the internist, is then no longer in a position to participate in a
      mode of existence with appropriate norms, human dignity and goal orientations.
      Basically the problem is that the full I-Thou form in terms of Buber and
      Gebsattel can no longer be realized. Man has isolated himself, maneuvered himself
      out of this anthropological constitutionality as Zoon Politicon in the sense of
      Aristotle and put himself on the side-lines. He then no longer lives through and
      in others and, therefore, no longer participates in the medium and sphere of his
      only possible existence. The paradox remains, however, that, in contrast to
      biological death, the man who is existentially dead is condemned to life as many
      existential philosophers have said. He is condemned to freedom and can use this
      freedom to manipulate his death, to degrade it by making it an object, to
      materialize it to a "'ready-to-hand' thing" in Heidegger's terms. It can be
      psychologically energized and used as a defensive weapon; its various forms can
      be either used against each other or against itself. This was demonstrated by
      examples taken from the daily practice and from literature.

PMID- 981495
TI  - [Reflections on and initial experiences with the teaching of psychotherapy after
      the new regulation for medical licensing (author's transl)].
AB  - This study discusses the first psychotherapeutic-oriented portion of the
      practical course for psychosomatics/psychotherapy which was held in seminar form
      in small groups. The material for the course was prepared cuts from vitiotapes of
      first and second therapeutic sessions conducted in a psychotherapeutic outpatient
      clinic. To a large extent, the initial experience tends to speak for our teaching
      plan which basically refrained from initially mediating theory. On the other
      hand, it was also necessary to cutback the original plan in an attempt to use the
      "countertransference reactions" of the students to better understand the
      patients. Special attention was given to the affective reactions of the students
      in the individual groups since a certain dependency on the specific teaching
      style of the seminar leader was to be expected. Occasionally, there was danger of
      overestimating the tolerance of the students to their tensions and fears. This
      intensified the defense reactions. The experience up until now caused us to
      modify our plan in a few points.

PMID- 981496
TI  - ["Therapeutic play" als clinical short-term group therapy in rehabilitative and
      preventive internal medicine (author's transl)].
AB  - A method of therapeutic play was presented which was used with young patients in
      treatment at a health resort. The patients were diagnosed as suffering from the
      vegetative syndrome. They also exhibited psychological problems such as
      difficulty in establishing interpersonal relationships, inhibition and depressive
      tendencies. This method consisting of a three-stage program of self-perception,
      interaction and role playing has been used successfully as short-term group
      therapy in the context of treatment at a health resort as the investigation of 49
      participants shows.

PMID- 981497
TI  - [Peculiarities of a consultative service and a psychosomatic consultation-hour at
      a dermatological university clinic (author's transl)].
AB  - When organizing a consultative service and a psychosomatic consultation-hour at a
      dermatological clinic the following (specific?) peculiarities resulted: 1) the
      fellow doctors at the clinic at first only sent somatically untreatable cases and
      2) were afraid of a correction of their diagnosis. 3) By way of identification
      they were faced with their own proper problems. The patients understood
      themselves to be physically ill and at first could not be approached regarding to
      their subconscious conflicts. The actual conduct of the patients in the wards and
      their attitude to the physicians was used in a psychodiagnostical way (whereas
      analytical interpretations were dispensed with) and was used therapeutically to
      elucidate the psycho-genesis of their affliction. Only with some singular
      patients suffering from skin-diseases a proper analysis could be performed for
      research purposes; most of them had to be treated simultaneously dermatologically
      as well as psychoanalytically (in a modified way). Merely with patients suffering
      from andrological troubles group-therapy along analytical lines was feasible and
      proved to be successful.

PMID- 981498
TI  - [On the intellectual capacity of patients suffering from ulcerative colitis--a
      comparative study using the HAWIE--(author's transl)].
AB  - Differing reports in the literature on the intellectual capabilities of patients
      with unspecific ulcerative colitis caused us to undertake a controlled test
      psychological study. 30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 30 "healthy" control
      persons were tested with the Hamburg-Wechsler-Intelligenztest fur Erwachsene
      (HAWIE). The patients and the controls were matched as regards age, sex, family
      status, education, professional status and monthly income. A statistical
      comparison using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test showed that the two
      groups did not differ significantly in their intelligence quotients. Our results
      seem to indicate that the assumption of extraordinary intellectual capabilities
      of patients with ulcerative colitis is not tenable.

PMID- 981499
TI  - A study of chronic bronchitis in Brisbane in two groups of workers: the effects
      of cigarette smoking, pollution and industrial exposure on the disease.

PMID- 981500
TI  - Tuberculosis in East London: an analysis of notifications 1970-1974 in the city
      and East London Area Health Authority (teaching).

PMID- 981501
TI  - Response to a mobile cervical screening unit in an industrial area of England.

PMID- 981502
TI  - The investigation and management of school children with epilepsy.

PMID- 981503
TI  - Periodic developmental assessment of pre-school children in Newham.

PMID- 981505
TI  - Recommendations for measurement and presentation of biochemical equilibrium data.

PMID- 981504
TI  - Cost and benefits of lizard thermoregulation.
AB  - Lizards thermoregulate by behavioral and physiological adjustments. The resultant
      control over metabolic processes is generally assumed to be beneficial. However,
      these thermoregulatory adjustments have associated costs which, if extensive,
      make thermoregulation impractical. We extend this idea into an abstract
      mathematical, cost-benefit model of thermoregulation in lizards. Investigation of
      the model leads to a set of predictions which includes: (1) the physiologically
      optimal temperature is not always the ecologically optimal temperature; (2)
      thermoregulation is beneficial only when associated costs are low; (3) thermal
      specialists will normally thermoregulate more carefully than thermal generalists
      unless costs are high; and (4) lizards will thermoregulate more carefully if
      productivity of the habitat is increased or if exploitation competition is
      reduced. Data on lizards, where available, generally agree with these
      predicitions.

PMID- 981506
TI  - [Criminologic manifesto].
AB  - There is conventional crime and unconventional crime. The first is mostly made up
      of offences against persons, property, morals and public order; the second of
      crimes committed under cover of official positions; against international laws;
      by "intelligence services"; terrorism; economic and financial frauds; illicit
      trade; criminal corruption at high levels; discriminatory practices; pollution;
      illicit traffic drugs, etc.. The vast majority of them are defined as criminal
      offences by national penal codes and special laws, but largely go unpunished.
      Unconventional crime cannot be explained by the traditional references to the
      personality of the offender. The explanation for the failure of contemporary
      criminology lies mostly in regarding the phenomenon of criminality as the
      ensemble of crimes which may be individually explained, instead of considering it
      as a sociopolitical phenomenon. If criminology is to survive, it must realize
      that the conventional is only one aspect of the sociopolitical phenomenon of
      crime, and that the study of unconventional crime demands an approach that the
      self-satisfied criminologies of our time cannot provide. The discussion and the
      study on unconventional crime will raise political difficulties, but the time has
      come that criminology and criminal justice face the fact that science can no
      longer be (or assume to be) neutral.

PMID- 981507
TI  - [Deviance and social theory].

PMID- 981508
TI  - [Value orientations of maladjusted minors and their effects on the prevention and
      treatment of maladjustment].

PMID- 981510
TI  - [Casa di lavoro di Castelfranco Emilia (Modena). Case D/2. Criminal curriculum
      and certification of propensity to commit crimes].

PMID- 981509
TI  - [Prospects of therapeutic intervention in drug addiction in prisons].
AB  - The non-penalization envisaged by the new law concerning the use and possession
      of drugs, will not cause the population of drug addicts to disappear from the
      prisons; it is however to be expected a qualitative modification of them, with
      the drug addicts clinically in most serious and persistent conditions and more
      involved with the criminal subculture, gradually increasing in number. Such
      individuals will represent a group of potential customers much different from
      that found up to now, and their more meaningful features will concern their age
      (higher), polytoxicomania (almost always resulting in heroinism), the abandonment
      of all family ties, of the pristine social and cultural status, of work, to
      acquire a new role, where identity is extremely ambiguous and uncertain. As
      concerns the treatment hypotheses, the less involved users being no longer dealth
      with--upon whom the attention of operators had been chiefly centered, and on whom
      the prospects of a psychotherapeutic success had been founded--only two solutions
      are regarded as implementable in the future: either to give up all intramural
      treatments, with the exception of those having a medical character, and,
      extramurally, to provide for the supply (controlled and through dispensaries) of
      heroin or substitute drugs, so as to reduce as much as possible the danger drug
      addicts represent for society; or to establish therapeutic or intramural
      communities, forming the one instrument capable of suggesting or conditioning new
      identity patterns, as an initial stage of an analogous institutional treatment to
      be continued when the convict leaves the prison.

PMID- 981511
TI  - A generalization of the clonal survival models: equations for the families of
      curves obtained with fractionated irradiation.
AB  - The survival curves obtained when cellular recovery follows various first
      radiation dose deliveries DI seem, when semi-logarithmically plotted, to be
      translated from the part of the curve corresponding to an unfractionated
      irradiation beyond a dose DR. A possible assumption consistent with such
      experimental observations is proposed which allows the generalization of any
      survival model S = f (D). The derived equation S = f (DR + D - DI) f (DI)/f (DR)
      is convenient for the whole family of experimental survival curves involving
      cellular damage repairs when the first radiation doses vary. All the parameters
      of the family equation can be simultaneously fitted so that their reliability is
      increased. The generalized equations are given for the four following models: two
      hits targets, Chadwick and Leenhouts, Green and Burki, Wideroe. As an example,
      the Chadwick and Leenhouts generalized model parameters are fitted to a family of
      experimental survival curves concerning Chlorella cells exposed to fractionated
      and continuous gamma irradiation. The fittings are presented with their
      confidence limits and are briefly discussed.

PMID- 981512
TI  - X-ray-induced recombination during oogenesis in the silkworm (Bombyx mori l.).
AB  - The physical induction of recombinational events has been studied in the female
      silkworm (Bombyx mori), in which crossing-over does not normally occur. Female
      silkworms heterozygous in the trans type of two egg-color genes, pe (V-0.0) and
      re (V-31.7), received a single dose of X-rays (1000 R) at various developmental
      stages. Then they were crossed to marked males homozygous for both genes. The
      results indicated that X-rays increase the occurrence of recombinational events
      in silkworm females from first instar larvae to late stage pupae. The spontaneous
      frequency of exchange type recombinants in the control series was 2.5 X 10(-5),
      while after irradiation the frequency of these recombinants was up to 38.8 X 10(
      5). The sensitive stage to X-ray-induced recombinational events was late stage
      larvae from fourth to fifth instar. Exchange (cross-over) type recombinants were
      about three times more frequent than interchange types among the 122 recombinants
      recovered. The biological significance of the present finding is discussed.

PMID- 981513
TI  - Calculation of specific energies of incorporated 239Pu and 131I in accordance
      with the concept of the critical cell.
AB  - A better understanding of the effects of energy deposited in cells by
      incorporated isotopes can be expected from an analysis of differential cell
      doses. With this thought in mind, the distributions of specific energies in
      tissue were calculated for 239Pu and 131I. A program written in Fortran IV makes
      use of a matrix of spherical cells and cell nuclei of 10 and 8 mum diameter,
      respectively. The cells are arranged in close-packed structure. The radioactivity
      is considered as being compiled to point sources of 1 dps activity. The sources
      are located in the common centers of cells and nuclei. The calculations yield
      discrete values of specific energy using the mass of the nuclei for mass of
      reference. The numbers of cell nuclei receiving given amounts of specific energy
      are functions of the specific activity of the isotopes in the tissue. The
      specific activity is varied by changing the number of sources per g of tissue.
      The program also allows to calculate the numbers of cell nuclei with zero energy
      deposition. From the 1 dps point sources an average specific energy of 831 rads/h
      results for plutonium for cell nuclei within the range of the 5.14 MeV alpha
      particles. For iodine, the value is 35 mrads/h within the range of the beta
      particles of 188 KeV mean energy. If the volumes irradiated by the sources begin
      to overlap these values begin to increase accordingly.

PMID- 981514
TI  - Microdosimetric structure of heavy ion tracks in tissue.
AB  - Energy dissipation in tracks of high energy heavy ions in tissue shows a lateral
      spread of several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary
      particle. Complete dosimetric characterization, therefore, requires in addition
      to the Linear Energy Transfer (LET) information on the radial energy
      distribution. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and
      penumbra. The core is a narrow central zone with a radius in tissue far below 1
      micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of excitation and
      electron plasma oscillation. According to the Equipartition Principle, half of
      the total energy dissipation accrues in this manner. The penumbra is a peripheral
      zone enveloping the core where energy deposition occurs mainly in ionization
      events by energetic secondary electrons released by the primary particle in the
      center of the core traveling at rather high speed thus spreading laterally. The
      extension of the penumbra depends in a complex manner on the maximum transferable
      energy to electrons which in turn depends on the speed of the primary particle.
      Local energy density in the penumbra decreases with the square of increasing
      radius. It therefore amounts only to a very small fraction of the core density
      already a few microns away from the center. In general terms, track structure can
      be described as exhibiting a core of enormous energy density with lateral
      dimensions remaining entirely on the submicroscopic level surrounded by a
      penumbra where energy density drops precipitously to very small levels. The
      relationships are illustrated with micrographs of different sections of a heavy
      particle track in nuclear emulsion and their counterpart graphical plots.

PMID- 981515
TI  - 90Sr + 90Y bremsstrahlung efficiency predicted for humans.
AB  - Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced when energetic beta-particles are emitted and
      absorbed. Measurements of total-body bremsstrahlung efficiencey (x-ray photon
      output per muCi 90Sr in the body, relative to that in water) have been made in
      the intact mouse, rat, rabbit, and dog sacrificed 2 weeks after the injection of
      90Sr + 85Sr. Efficiencies were determined by a comparison of the bremsstrahlung
      output from 90Sr + its daughter 90Y and the gamma-ray emission of 85Sr. Results
      were checked by a beta-assay of the ashed animals. Bremsstrahlung efficiencies
      averaged 1.10 in a 0.04 kg mouse, 1.14 in a 0.13 kg rat, 1.23 in a 2.6 kg rabbit,
      and 1.32 in an 8.5 kg beagle. Extrapolating to a 70 kg human, a relative
      bremsstrahlung efficiency of about 1.4 is predicted. An estimate was made of the
      90Sr body content in a former dial painter based on in vivo counting and a
      bremsstrahlung efficiency of 1.39 predicted for a 55 kg human female by these
      animal data. Our value of 1.42 +/- 0.08 muCi 90Sr was in good agreement with
      corresponding results reported for this subject by 8 other laboratories.

PMID- 981516
TI  - Determination of the uranium content of environmental samples by gamma
      spectroscopy of the 1.0015 MeV radiation in 234U.
AB  - A method of determining the uranium content of environmental samples by gamma
      spectroscopy of the 1.0015 MeV gamma radiation of the 234Pam (beta-) 234U leads
      to 234U daughter decay is described. The detection limit is 1 nCi/kg sample. The
      transition probability has been determined to be 0.87 +/- 0.03%.

PMID- 981517
TI  - Population dose from natural radionuclides in phosphate fertilizers.
AB  - The natural radionuclide content of mineral phosphate fertilizers has been
      determined gammaspectrometrically. The investigations comprised ca. 70% of the
      mineral phosphate fertilizers authorized and used in the Federal Republic of
      Germany (FRG). At maximum, we found specific activities of 62 nCi Unat/kg, 23 nCi
      226Ra/kg, 1.6 nCi Thnat/kg and 262 nCi 40K/kg. The mean values, weighted by the
      percentual agricultural consumption of the main phosphate fertilizer groups in
      1973/74 and related to the phosphate content, amounted to 58, 40, 2, and 584
      nCi/kg P2O5 for Unat, 226Ra, Thnat, and 40K respectively. This resulted in an
      annual distribution due to phosphate fertilizing of about 3.9 muCi Unat, 2.7 muCi
      226Ra, 0.1 muCi Thnat, and 39.9 muCi 40K per ha of arable or pasture land in
      1973/74 on the average. From these values the air dose rates over agricultural
      areas have been estimated under extreme conservative assumptions resulting in an
      additional external exposure of members of the population of 0.02 mrd/a on the
      average and 0.4 mrd/a in the region of highest phosphate fertilizing intensity.
      If it is assumed that radium contained in phosphate fertilizers were completely
      accumulated in the soils during the last 80 years, this value would be raised to
      0.3 mrd/a on the average. The occupational external radiation exposure due to
      natural radionuclides contained in phosphate fertilizers was estimated to be 0.1
      mrd/a on the average and 2.3 mrd/a at maximum for persons working in agriculture.
      These estimates show that natural radionuclides in phosphate fertilizers
      contribute but very little to the mean terrestrial radiation exposure of the
      population which is 50 to 55 mrd/a in Germany. Only for the small group of
      persons working in fertilizer production plants or storehouses a significant
      increase of the external radiation exposure has to be expected which could reach
      a doubling of the mean natural exposure value.

PMID- 981518
TI  - Determination of heavy elements in organic substrates by x-ray absorption.
AB  - Selective X-ray absorption method has been worked out to determine concentration
      of heavy elements in organic substances. The method is applicable in vivo.

PMID- 981519
TI  - Protein metabolism in calotes versicolor (Daud) exposed to various stresses.
AB  - Protein and amino acid contents of liver of normal (untreated) adult male garden
      lizard, Calotes versicolor, were quantitatively determined by the method of Lowry
      et al. and ninhydrin reaction, respectively, and compared with the protein and
      amino acid contents in the liver of adult male garden lizards exposed to cold,
      heat, UV- and gamma-radiations. With a decrease in protein contents, a
      simultaneous increase in the amino acid contents was observed. The decrease in
      protein content was 80, 60, 30 and 20% after exposure to cold, heat, UV- and
      gamma-radiations, respectively. Consequently, the increase in amino acid content
      was 57, 40, 20 and 5% after exposure to cold, heat, UV- and gamma-radiations,
      respectively.

PMID- 981520
TI  - The effects of gamma irradiation on the hydration characteristics of DNA and
      polynucleotides. I. An NMR study of frozen H2O and D2O solutions.

PMID- 981521
TI  - Gamma radiolysis of oxalic acid and selected metal oxalates.

PMID- 981522
TI  - Gamma raiolysis of aqueous solutions of iminodiacetic acid.

PMID- 981523
TI  - Radiation-induced inhibition of human endothelial cells replicating in culture.

PMID- 981524
TI  - Effects of tritium-labeled pyrimidine nucleosides on epithelial cell
      proliferation in the mouse. I. Cytodynamic perturbations in normal circadian
      rhythms after a single injection of 3H-thymidine.

PMID- 981525
TI  - X-ray sensitivity of somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 981526
TI  - The measurement of lonizing radiation-induced cross linkage of DNA and protein in
      bacteriophage.

PMID- 981527
TI  - Repair of potentially lethal damage in x-irradiated V79 cells1,2.

PMID- 981528
TI  - Reproductive ability of female dogs (beagles) surviving a single, midlethal,
      whole-body x-ray exposure.

PMID- 981529
TI  - Coronary heart disease. The paediatrician's approach to prevention.

PMID- 981530
TI  - Raising standards of care-- what can we afford? What needs? Who cares?

PMID- 981531
TI  - Decaying town centres-- conservation or redevelopment? Environmental management
      objectives.

PMID- 981532
TI  - Stability and amenity versus the dangers of obsolescence.

PMID- 981533
TI  - Sin or sickness?--Stealing, vandalism and violence 'Ours but to reason why'.

PMID- 981534
TI  - Hospital administration--the new order; the medical administrator's point of
      view.

PMID- 981535
TI  - Sanitary science and preventive medicine.

PMID- 981536
TI  - [Thermography with liquid crystals in radiation injuries of the skin (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981537
TI  - Malignant lymphomas of the Waldeyers ring.

PMID- 981538
TI  - [The treatment of carcinoma of the floor of the mouth (author's transl)].

PMID- 981539
TI  - [Radiosurgery of tongue carcinoma].

PMID- 981540
TI  - [Preliminary experiences in the treatment of metastatic mamma carcinoma by
      polychemotherapy-according to Cooper (author's transl)].

PMID- 981541
TI  - [The importance of survival quota and of mean expectance of life for late
      metastases of mamma carcinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 981542
TI  - [The problem of x-ray radiotherapy in degenerative processes].

PMID- 981543
TI  - [Fundamental measurements on siemens 42-mev betatron in Brno (author's transl)].

PMID- 981545
TI  - [On the influence of ionizing radiation on the angiographic picture of malignant
      organ tumours].

PMID- 981544
TI  - [The effect of x-irradiations on proliferation kinetics of rat salivary glands].

PMID- 981546
TI  - [Influence of dose rate of high-energy electrons on chromosomal aberration
      results in Ehrlich tumour cells].

PMID- 981547
TI  - [The development, cultivation and furtherance of German-Sowjet scientific
      relations in radiology].

PMID- 981548
TI  - [Erythrocyte labeling with 99mTc-pertechnetate].

PMID- 981549
TI  - [Choice of criteria for the estimation of devices for non-linear tomography
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981550
TI  - [Device for the optimization of "held films" (author's transl)].

PMID- 981551
TI  - [Cerebral angioseriotomography (author's transl)].

PMID- 981552
TI  - [The picture quality in tomography with various forms of effacement].

PMID- 981553
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of pulmonary circular focusses by means of analytic
      synthetical picture evaluation (author's transl)].

PMID- 981554
TI  - [On the diagnosis of pseudotumours of the retroperitoneal space under
      angiographic aspects (author's transl)].

PMID- 981555
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the jejunum (author's transl)].

PMID- 981556
TI  - [The importance of selective angiography in the diagnosis of some pancreas
      diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 981557
TI  - [Gall-bladder changes in diabetics (author's transl)].

PMID- 981558
TI  - [Tomography or zonography in biliary diagnosis? (author's transl)].

PMID- 981559
TI  - [Nephrological radiodiagnosis in children with healthy kidneys and in children
      with pyelonephritis. I. Determination of kidney size in children with healthy
      kidneys].

PMID- 981560
TI  - [Indirect thyroid lymphography for the representation of cervical lymph-nodes
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981561
TI  - [Serial lymphangiogram of the inguinal region (author's transl)].

PMID- 981562
TI  - [The current state of automatic data processing in radiodiagnosis].

PMID- 981564
TI  - [Angiography in the cerebral vascular process. A study of the current situation].

PMID- 981563
TI  - [Is colpocystography a method for the objectification of female stress
      incontinence?].

PMID- 981565
TI  - [The capillary picture of the posterior cranial fossa (author's transl)].

PMID- 981566
TI  - [Skull fractures in neonatal age (author's transl)].

PMID- 981567
TI  - [Iodigocarmine as substitute dye for lymphography (author's transl)].

PMID- 981568
TI  - [Examinations foe optimization of exposure voltage in lymphangiography (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981570
TI  - [Routine methods of radiological examination in the diagnosis of echinococcus
      cysts of the liver (author's transl)].

PMID- 981569
TI  - [Diagnostic-surgical problems in infant cardiac and gastric insufficiency].

PMID- 981571
TI  - [Radiological examination of peripheral sections of the respiratory and vascular
      system of rabbit lungs (author's transl)].

PMID- 981572
TI  - [Comparative radiological examinations of vascular condition in thrombotic
      obliterating diseases of the lower extremities (author's transl)].

PMID- 981573
TI  - [Pneumocystotomography for the diagnosis of prostata adenoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 981574
TI  - [Methods and indication of renal phlebography (author's transl)].

PMID- 981575
TI  - [On the value of tomography for the diagnosis and after-care of epipharynx
      tumours (author's transl)].

PMID- 981576
TI  - [On approximated determination of volume change of rotation symmetrical bodies
      from the radiography by planimetry (author's transl)].

PMID- 981577
TI  - [Uniform conception for the establishment of radiodiagnostic facilities in the
      GDR (author's transl)].

PMID- 981578
TI  - [Radiation exposition of the eye-lens in multidrectional tomography of frontobase
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981579
TI  - [Radiological diagnosis of the operated temporal bone (author's transl)].

PMID- 981580
TI  - [The use of electroroentgenography in emergency medicine (author's transl)].

PMID- 981581
TI  - Dactylitis secondary to chronic granulomatous disease (report of a case).

PMID- 981582
TI  - [Clinic-angiographic examinations of complications after the application of
      inlying catheters in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 981583
TI  - [Indirect radioisotope lymphography for the diagnosis of metastatic lymph-node
      injuries (author's transl)].

PMID- 981584
TI  - [The value of isotope nephrography for the evaluation of urination disorders
      after gynecological radical surgery].

PMID- 981585
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of not palpable carcinomas of the breast (author's transl)].

PMID- 981587
TI  - Functional and morphological diagnosis of the salivary gland diseases by means of
      radioisotopic methods.

PMID- 981586
TI  - [Function state of intestine in colonic polyposis (a clinic-radiological
      examination (author's transl)].

PMID- 981588
TI  - [Experiences using an image converter single-picture camera for
      hysterosalpingography (author's transl)].

PMID- 981589
TI  - [Importance of focal spot measurements for the quality of the image in
      radiograms].

PMID- 981590
TI  - [Bremsstrahlung spectra of diagnostical excitation voltages (author's transl)].

PMID- 981591
TI  - [Recommendations for indications for lymphography in primary malignant lymphomas
      and hemoblastoses].

PMID- 981592
TI  - Improved cleansing for colonic radiography.
AB  - A well tolerated regimen utilizing Phosphosoda and X-Prep Liquid effectively
      cleanses the bowel prior to x-ray examination. Good to excellent visualization
      was achieved in 89.3 per cent of the patients involved in the study.

PMID- 981593
TI  - Establishing two-year college affiliated programs in radiologic technology.
AB  - The practical considerations of instituting programs in radiologic technology at
      the two-year college levels are addressed. The authors attempt to identify a
      "check-list" of the areas that will be of vital concern to the prospective
      program director, including some specific exhibits relating to program
      implementation and operation.

PMID- 981594
TI  - Twenty degree angle modification for pelvimetry.
AB  - The standard Colcher-Sussman pelvimetry technique does not adequately visualize
      the interischial distance on a significant number of patients. A twenty-degree
      angulation modification has been developed to solve this problem.

PMID- 981595
TI  - The management of radiological renovation.
AB  - Planning a radiology facility within existing space often creates compromises. A
      means of measuring the extent of compromise is presented together with an
      overview of the design process and advice on construction processes.

PMID- 981596
TI  - Multiple chronic benign pulmonary nodules.
AB  - Four cases are discussed in which were found unusual multiple chronic pulmonary
      nodules: leiomyomatous hamartomas, rheumatoid nodules, multiple histoplasmomas,
      and possible multiple plasma cell granulomas (hyalinizing pulmonary nodules). In
      each case the initial impression of metastic malignancy was countered by more
      than 2 years' observation, during which time the lesions appeared to be benign.
      Histologic examination is necessary to exclude malignancy, although a definitive
      diagnosis may be difficult to establish.

PMID- 981597
TI  - Roentgenographic demonstration of peripheral intrapulmonic lymphadenopathy.
AB  - The authors report a case of intrapulmonic lymphadenopathy. While this entity is
      not common, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a solitary
      pulmonary nodule.

PMID- 981598
TI  - Radiographic manifestations of pulmonary histoplasmosis: a 10-year review.
AB  - Of 269 patients with histoplasmosis, 259 had radiographic manifestations of the
      disease. Of these, 217 showed multiple or solitary nodules, 28 infiltrates, 25
      adenopathy, 5 fibrosing mediastinitis, 5 cavitation (3 infiltrates, 2 nodules),
      and 1 pleural effusion.

PMID- 981599
TI  - Unusual noninfectious granulomas of the lung.
AB  - Illustrative cases of pulmonary granulomas with angitis and plasma cell granuloma
      of the lungs are presented. Experimental evidence suggests that the common
      pathogenesis of these processes is a cell-mediated immune response. Radiographic
      findings of these entities--nodules or infiltrates, some with cavities--are non
      specific. Effective treatment is available for some of these processes. Lung
      biopsy as early as possible is recommended.

PMID- 981600
TI  - The round nipple shadow.
AB  - It is usually easy to distinguish the round nipple shadow from a lesion,
      especially by means of repeat radiographs with nipple markers. However, the
      radiologist must occasionally interpret a round density in the lower chest on the
      basis of a single radiograph or series of radiographs. Fortunately, a nipple
      shadow usually has a well-defined outer margin and a poorly defined inner margin.
      Differentiation of a nipple shadow from an extrapleural or pleural lesion is
      described. Attention to these findings may prevent needless additional study and
      patient apprehension.

PMID- 981601
TI  - Portal hypertension changes following selective splenorenal shunt surgery.
      Evaluation by percutaneous transhepatic portal catheterization, venography, and
      cinefluorography.
AB  - Considerable diagnostic data can be gathered by selectively catheterizing the
      portal vein and the major tributaries of the splanchnic venous system to evaluate
      pressure and blood flow. Combined with cinefluorography, this is a superior
      method for demonstrating the anatomy and hemodynamics of portal hypertension as
      well as the effects of splenorenal shunt surgery. Thirty-one attempts with a 19
      gauge trocar in 17 patients resulted in 28 successful portal entries and 24
      successful selective catheterizations. Portal vein pressure, flow, and diameter
      were less after shunting.

PMID- 981602
TI  - Whole-gut irrigation as a means of cleaning the colon.
AB  - The authors describe a whole-gut irrigation method of cleaning the colon. Normal
      volunteers drank an irrigant solution at varying rates, and all but one achieved
      a radiologically clean colon within several hours. This method is proposed for
      use in the occasional study where a clean colon must be obtained in a relatively
      short period of time.

PMID- 981603
TI  - Demonstration of dilated biliary ducts by total-body opacification.
      Differentiation of surgical from nonsurgical jaundice.
AB  - Differentiation of surgical from medical jaundice remains a difficult clinical
      problem. Dilated biliary ducts can be demonstrated by total-body opacification
      (TBO) and their typical appearance is presented. This suggests that TBO may
      represent a noninvasive adjunct in distinguishing surgical from medical jaundice.

PMID- 981604
TI  - A solitary calyx in a human kidney.
AB  - A solitary kidney containing a single calyx and probably a single papilla is
      described. The embryology of this entity and its similarity to the unipapillary
      kidney in other mammals are discussed.

PMID- 981605
TI  - The significance of pancreatic ductal obstruction in differential diagnosis of
      the abnormal endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram.
AB  - Apparent obstruction of the main pancreatic duct was seen on the endoscopic
      retrograde pancreatogram in 50 patients. The final diagnosis was pseudocyst in
      15, neoplasm in 15, chronic pancreatitis in 8, acute recurrent pancreatitis in 3,
      and abscess in 2. Seven patients were normal. This series emphasizes the broad
      differential approach necessary when confronted with ductal obstruction.
      Diagnosis is facilitated by accurate evaluation of the ductal and extraductal
      characteristics, especially the ductal detail at the point of termination.

PMID- 981606
TI  - Arteriographic diagnosis of a gunshot injury to the ureter.
AB  - A gunshot wound to the ureter was diagnosed anigiographically. Such injuries are
      not common; however, they are frequent enough and the consequences of delayed
      diagnosis and secondary repair are serious enough that ureteric injury should be
      considered in all cases of abdominal trauma.

PMID- 981607
TI  - Intraluminal obliteration of the renal arteries in kidney tumors.
AB  - A preoperative obliteration of the renal vascular bed was performed in 90
      patients by means of Gelfoam emboli. This procedure facilitates the ligation of
      the renal vein and artery during transabdominal nephrectomy. The decreased
      vascularity lessens the risk of tumor embolization and reduces the duration of
      the surgical procedure by half. A simple routine percutaneous method of occlusion
      is described. Gelfoam emboli are unsuited for permanent obliteration in bleeding
      tumors.

PMID- 981608
TI  - False traumatic aneurysms of the radial and palmar arteries.

PMID- 981609
TI  - Clinicopathological correlations of xeroradiography in determining involvement of
      metastic axillary nodes in female breast cancer.
AB  - Xeroradiographic evaluation of the axilla is useful in the presence of mammary
      carcinoma, as radiographic examination of this area can be highly accurate in
      predicting its malignant involvement if certain strict criteria are employed. The
      ability to diagnose nodal metastases with near certainty has important
      implications for treatment planning and prognostication.

PMID- 981610
TI  - Observer performance in detecting multiple radiographic signals. Prediction and
      analysis using a generalized ROC approach.
AB  - The theories of decision processes and signal detection provide a framework for
      evaluation of observer performance. Some radiological procedures involve a search
      for multiple similar lesions, e.g., plain radiographic examinations for
      gallstones or pneumoconiosis. Presuming knowledge of the conventional ROC curve
      for detection of a single radiographic signal, a model is presented which is used
      to predict observer performance in an experiment requiring detection of more than
      one such signal. An experiment tests the validity of this model for detecting
      radiographically the presence of zero, one, or two low-contrast, 2-mm diameter,
      Lucite beads. Results confirm the validity of the model and suggest that observer
      performance in relatively complex detection tasks can be predicted from simpler
      experiments.

PMID- 981611
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the rapid telephone access system for radiology reporting.
AB  - The Rapid Telephone Access System (RTAS) for radiology reporting was evaluated
      clinically among patients undergoing fluoroscopy, excretory urography, or
      cholecystography at a community-based teaching hospital. After the radiologist
      has dictated his report in the customary manner, it can be heard by the referring
      physician using any telephone. Reports can be reduced to hard copy by a typist,
      or an automatic typewriter can be programmed to print normal or standard reports.
      Time between dictation and access of the report was significantly reduced after
      installation of the RTAS (p less than 0.001). There was also a trend toward
      reduced hospital stay (p less than 0.05) for patients in the study group. The
      system has been readily accepted by radiologists and referring physicians.

PMID- 981612
TI  - Diagnostic follow-up to consultant physicians by computer feedback.
AB  - A computer follow-up system has been developed which automatically prepares
      follow-up summaries for consultant physicians. This makes it possible to provide
      reliable feedback of diagnostic information in place of the traditional but
      haphazard word-of-mouth process. This system has been tested initially for
      surgical and autopsy-pathology follow-up of neuroradiology and nuclear medicine
      consultations using report conclusions available from the UCLA Natural Language
      Information Storage and Retrieval System.

PMID- 981613
TI  - Effectiveness of lead lenses in reducing radiation exposure.
AB  - Optically ground prescription lenses of glass, leaded glass, and plastic were
      exposed to radiations that simulated routine angiography. Radiations transmitted
      through the lenses were measured. Plastic provided no protection, regular glass
      provided moderate protection, and high lead content glass reduced radiation
      transmission by approximately 70%. A brief review of the literature concerning
      the biological effects of radiations to the eye is included.

PMID- 981614
TI  - Computed tomography of the spinal canal.
AB  - The value of computed tomography (CT) in cases of spinal dysraphism, spinal canal
      narrowing and widening, and spinal bony abnormalities is discussed. With further
      experience, CT may become a valuable modality for the diagnosis of spinal
      diseases.

PMID- 981615
TI  - Recognition of vertebral abnormalities in computed tomography of the chest and
      abdomen.
AB  - Computed tomography of the chest or abdomen may reveal vertebral abnormalities.
      Images in multiple projections of dry and fresh specimens of the spine
      demonstrate that osteophytes, end-plate irregularities, and marked obliquity fail
      to mimic true osteoblastic vertebral lesions. Disk calcification may simulate a
      metastatic deposit if the section includes both disk and vertebral body.
      Abdominal or chest "window" settings produce an apparent increase in bone
      density. Analysis of the bony spine from abdominal and chest images requires gray
      scale settings different from those used for the study of visceral organs.

PMID- 981616
TI  - Extravascular contrast material: the major component of contrast enhancement.
AB  - The distribution volume of 125l-diatrizoate in rat tissues was studied 5 seconds
      to 5 minutes after intravenous injection and 5 seconds to 2 minutes after intra
      arterial injection. Immediately after injection, diatrizoate was distributed into
      a larger volume than plasma. Marked temporal changes in the distribution volume
      of individual tissues occurred during the first 2 minutes. At 5 minutes, the
      diatrizoate space approached the total extracellular fluid volume, with more than
      80% of the contrast agent remaining outside the blood vessels. Thus the relative
      magnitude of contrast enhancement of a tissue appears to be related to the volume
      of the rapidly equilibrating extracellular space. Intra-arterial administration
      can significantly overload muscle with contrast material for about 2 minutes.
      This and other temporal changes in contrast distribution may prove useful in
      contrast-enhanced computed tomography using short scanning times.

PMID- 981617
TI  - Unusual pelvic masses: a comparison of computed tomographic scanning and
      ultrasonography.
AB  - Four unusual pelvic masses, studied by CT and gray scale ultrasonography,
      demonstrate the comparative values of these modalities for this area of the body.
      In each instance a significant contribution to the diagnosis was made by one or
      both techniques. The ultrasound study provides a somewhat better differentiation
      of solid from cystic lesions, but the CT scan denotes to best advantage the
      anatomy of the area, and provides a means of viewing bone as well as soft tissue
      detail.

PMID- 981618
TI  - Cephalic malformations in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Acrocephalosyndactyly type
      III.
AB  - Specific anomalies of the skull in eight family members affected with Saethre
      Chotzen syndrome were documented by cephalometric analysis of standardized skull
      radiographs. The most severe deviations included reduced length and abnormal
      position of the posterior cranial base, low position of the sella turcica,
      reduced mandibular ramus length, steep mandibular plane angle, and, in adults,
      reduced facial depth. A feature of the syndrome may be the absence or reduced
      size of cranial sinuses.

PMID- 981619
TI  - The Mark IV system for radionuclide computed tomography of the brain.
AB  - The Mark IV scanning system is a simple four-sided arrangement of 32 independent
      detectors which rotate continously as a unit, detecting, processing, and
      displaying the reconstructed data while the study progresses. Detection is by
      single photon counting and is compatible with commercially available
      radionuclides. An empirical correction is applied for attenuation, difference in
      detector response, and scatter. It is a high-sensitivity device with
      approximately uniform resolution throughout the section plane.  There is good
      reproducibility and accuracy for absolute quantification of radionuclide
      concentration in the brain.  Clinical applications include scans of 99mTcO4,
      99mTc-RBC, 123I-iodoantipyrine, 99mTc-diphosphonate, and 111In-DTPA.

PMID- 981620
TI  - Pulmonary retention and translocation of insufflated tantalum.
AB  - Studies of pylmonary clearance of tantalum dust labeled with 182Ta in dogs have
      been extended to as far as 816 days postexposure in order to substantiate earlier
      pulmonary retention data, examine lymphatic uptake, and seek long-term
      pathological changes. Exposure to 5-mug and 10-mug powders was compared with the
      results of earlier 1-mug studies. The 2.1-year long-term clearance half-time of 1
      mug powder was confirmed, while the 5-mug and 10-mug powders were found to have a
      mean long-term retention half-time of 333 days. All three particle sizes
      demonstrated rapid postinsufflation uptake by the pulmonary lymph nodes, followed
      by either retention or very slow clearance. No tantalum-induced pathological
      changes were found on histological examination.

PMID- 981621
TI  - Ventilation-perfusion lung images in the Swyer-James syndrome.
AB  - Ventilation-perfusion lung imaging appears to be a significant nonivasive means
      of supporting the clinical diagnosis of Swyer-James syndrome. Three cases are
      presented which display characteristic delayed washout of xenon from a small or
      normal-sized, underperfused hyperlucent lung.

PMID- 981622
TI  - Comparison of enzyme, clinical, radiographic, and radionuclide methods of
      detecting bone metastases from carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Patients (219) with prostatic adenocarcinoma were classified on the basis of
      whether or not their bone scans were positive for metastasis. Acid and alkaline
      phosphatase determinations and clinical evaluations for bone metastases were
      reviewed. Of those with proved metastases, 43% had no bone pain, 39% had normal
      acid phosphatase levels, 23% normal alkaline phosphatase levels, 19% normal
      levels of both enzymes, and 15% normal enzyme levels without bone pain. Twenty
      four per cent of the patients with normal enzyme levels and clinically
      unsuspected bone metastases had bone scans which proved positive for metastasis;
      62% of these had normal radiographs.

PMID- 981623
TI  - Cystic hamartoma of the liver in a pediatric patient. Angiographic findings.
AB  - A case of cystic mesenchymal hamartoma in a 2-year-old boy is presented. The
      overall angiographic appearance closely resembled that of the more common renal
      angiomyolipoma, with the addition of multiple focal avascular areas representing
      the cystic component of the lesion. The coexistence of these angiographic
      findings in a young patient with an otherwise asymptomatic upper abdominal mass
      should suggest cystic mesenchymal hamartoma.

PMID- 981624
TI  - Juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis.
AB  - Two cases of juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis are described and the literature
      is reviewed. Despite the benign nature of the individual polyps, the disease has
      a poor prognosis. Of 13 reported patients, 4 had macrocephaly, and one of the
      authors' 2 patients had large peripheral intracranial cysts. This appears to be
      the first reported documentation of the etiology of macrocephaly associated with
      juvenile polyposis. Major clinical problems are related to severe loss of blood
      and protein from the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 981625
TI  - Gray scale ultrasonic cholecystography: a comparison with conventional
      radiographic techniques.
AB  - A prospective study was designed to assess the accuracy of gray scale
      ultrasonography in the evaluation of cholelithiasis. A series of 111 patients
      with nonvisualization on first-day oral cholecystography underwent ultrasonic
      cholecystography, and the results were compared with subsequent second-day
      visualitzation or surgical findings. In 75 cases sufficient data were present to
      assess the accuracy of the method. Ultrasound correctly diagnosed 68 (91%) of
      these cases with regard to gallstones. Only 6 gallbladders could not be
      visualized ultrasonically and all subsequently proved to have gallstones. It is
      concluded that improved ultrasonic technique is of considerable value in
      investigating the nonvisualized gallbladder. Valuable information conderning
      other upper abdominal pathology was often discovered.

PMID- 981626
TI  - Fetal cystic lymphangioma (cystic hygroma): prepartum ultrasonic findings.
AB  - The abnormal prepartum ultrasonic scan in a case of fetal cystic lymphangioma is
      presented. A large intrauterine cystic mass adjacent to a 23-week-old fetus was
      identified by ultrasound. After delivery, this was proved to be a cystic
      lymphangioma extending from the fetal neck and supraclavicular region.

PMID- 981627
TI  - Combinations of hyperthermia (40 degrees, 45 degrees C) with radiation.
AB  - Incubation of Chinese hamster cells at an elevated but sublethal temperature
      between fractions of radiation and/or pulses of hyperthermia at 45 degrees C
      strongly modified the effectiveness of cell killing. Increasing the incubation
      temperature from 37 to 40 degrees C between fractions of hyperthermia at 45
      degrees C followed by radiation substantially enhanced cell killing; while the
      opposite sequence (radiation leads to incubation at 40 degrees C leads to
      hyperthermia at 45 degrees C) resulted in less effective cell killing than would
      have been expected from the independent interaction of hyperthermia and radiation
      alone. This suggests the use of short pulses of localized hyperthermia in the
      presence of physiologically tolerable fever followed by irradiation as one
      approach to the utilization of hyperthermia in cancer therapy.

PMID- 981628
TI  - Hepatic radiation tolerance in Hodgkin's disease patients.
AB  - Prophylactic hepatic irradiation was give to 28 "bad risk" Stage III Hodgkin's
      disease patients. The whole liver was given 2,000 rad in 10 days in addition to
      1,800-2,000 rad to that portion included in the total nodal irradiation field.
      Twenty-three patients have been followed a minimum of 10 months with serial liver
      function tests. A transient elevation of serum enzymes has been noted at 3-12
      months following hepatic irradiation in 78% (18 of 23 patients). No cases of
      clinical radiation hepatitis have been found in patients at risk 10 to 39 months
      (median, 23 months). Hepatic irradiation at this dose level appears to be
      tolerated without prohibitive complications.

PMID- 981629
TI  - An evaluation of rare earth screen/film combinations.
AB  - The physical and imaging characteristics of a number of commercially available
      rare earth screen/film combinations were evaluated and compared to those of
      conventional calcium tungstate/X-Omat RP-14 systems. All systems were evaluated
      for base-plus-fog density, relative speed, resolution, noise, and overall
      performance. The results indicate that despite certain limitations, rare earth
      screen/film combinations offer significant advantages for imaging.

PMID- 981630
TI  - The LSF and MTF of rare-earth oxysulfide intensifying screens.
AB  - The line spread function (LSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF) of 9 rare
      earth screen/film systems were measured and compared with those of two fast
      calcium tungstate systems, using double-emulsion films sandwiched between two
      screens and mounted in regular cassettes. The LSFs were found to fit exponential
      functions. These results indicate that the increased sensitivity of rare-earth
      phosphors over calcium tungstate can be used to construct screens with a higher
      MTF or increased speed. The fast rare-earth systems allow the use of smaller
      focal spots for increased resolution while reducing the radiation dose to the
      patient.

PMID- 981631
TI  - In vitro radiosensitivity of human dipliod fibroblasts derived from patients with
      unusual clinical responses to radiation.
AB  - Four diploid cell strains were derived from skin biopsies from patients
      exhibiting unusually sensitive or resistant clinical responses to ionizing
      radiation during radiotherapy. The in vitro x-ray survival curve parameters for
      these strains were determined and compared with those of two normal human skin
      fibroblast strains. No systematic correlation could be demonstrated between these
      single dose survival parameters in vitro, and the clinical radiation response in
      vivo of the normal tissue or the tumor.

PMID- 981632
TI  - Addition of neutron and gamma-ray fractions for intestinal damage.
AB  - The microcolony assay technique has been used to test the validty of summing
      equivalent doses per fraction of 14 MeV neutrons and gamma rays for mouse
      intestinal damage. For a 4-daily fraction schedule, in which the first one or two
      fractions are given as neutrons and the remainder as gamma rays, combined dose
      fractions calculated from a 4-fraction schedule of either radiation type alone
      produce the same level of damage within the limits of accuracy of the experiment.

PMID- 981633
TI  - Thallium-201 as a positive indicator for lung neoplasms: preliminary experiments.
AB  - Thallium-201 was given to 71 patients with various pulmonary diseases. Positive
      uptake was noted in primary malignant neoplasms and also in 6 cases of Hodgkin's
      lymphoma. No uptake was seen in pulmonary diseases other than active
      tuberculosis. A disadvantage is the high myocardial accumulation of this
      radionuclide which impairs proper visualization of paracardiac neoplasms.

PMID- 981634
TI  - Irradiation of advanced head and neck cancer with large daily fractions.
      Preliminary results of a prospectively randomized clinical trial.
AB  - The irradiation of locally advanced, inoperable, squamous cell caricinomas of the
      head and neck with conventional fractionation schedules using 200 rads/day has
      produced poor results. A prospectively randomized, clinical trial has been
      started comparing conventional with large daily fractions of 400 rads/day for 10
      12 treatments. Results suggest that improved tumor control and survival rates
      might be obtained with the use of large daily fractions.

PMID- 981635
TI  - Radiographic visualization of cervix and vagina during intracavitary radium
      therapy.
AB  - Dry barium-impregnated vaginal packing used in several hundred intracavitary
      uterine radium insertions has allowed excellent radiographic visualization of the
      relationship of the radium implant to both the cervical and vaginal walls.

PMID- 981636
TI  - Testing the competence of the radiologist.

PMID- 981637
TI  - Lung involvement in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (ail).
AB  - Two patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) in whom the disease
      process involved the lungs are reported. One patient died in respiratory failure.
      Details of the radiologic appearance, abnormalities of lung function and lung
      histology are presented together with response to steroid therapy in one patient.
      Life-threatening involvement of the lung parenchyma can be a mode of presentation
      of the disease and can contribute to the morbidity and mortality of the disorder.

PMID- 981638
TI  - The midsternal stripe: a sign of dehiscence following median sternotomy.
AB  - Sternal dehiscence is a recognized complication of median sternotomy in 2.5-4.8%
      of patients. The authors describe the prognostic significance of a lucent
      midsternal stripe which was seen in 12 patients over a two-year period. Sternal
      dehiscence requiring surgical revision developed in 4, and radiological suspicion
      preceded clinical evidence of dehiscence in 3 of them. A review of 100
      consecutive median sternotomies revealed that sternal dehiscence did not develop
      in any patient who did not have a midsternal stripe. It is suggested that this
      may be a useful tool in identifying those patients who are at high risk of the
      development of sternal dehiscence.

PMID- 981639
TI  - The midsternal stripe and its relationship to postoperative sternal dehiscence.
AB  - The postoperative chest radiographs of 173 patients who underwent median
      sternternal line. A total of 52 (30%) showed a thin lucent line one or more days
      after the operation. Clinical dehiscence developed in 4 patients, of whom 2 had a
      midsternal stripe and 2 did not. The authors feel that the presence of a sternal
      stripe is of little value in the radiographic diagnosis of sternal dehiscence.

PMID- 981640
TI  - Bronchial web diagnosed by bronchography.
AB  - Bronchial webs are rare lesions which often go unrecognized. The authors describe
      a patient who presented with right-lower-lobe bronchiectasis and at-electasis
      secondary to a web in the right-lower-lobe bronchus. This is the first known
      instance where such a lesion has been demonstrated by bronchography. The etiology
      of this and similar lesions reported in the literature remains obscure.

PMID- 981641
TI  - Fluoroscopic axialography: clinical applications in thoracic disease.
AB  - A simple, single-stage, quasi-tomographic technique which is employable with
      ordinary C-arm fluoroscopes is presented as an alternative to small field chest
      tomography. Fluoroscopic axialography utilizes image intensifier filming during
      axial rotation to obtain sharp tomogram-like images of areas of interest. The
      technique incorporates preliminary fluoroscopic localization and has many
      applications in the chest. The use of axial rather than planar blurring and
      intensifier camera filming rather than radiography does not reduce the clinical
      usefulness of the method.

PMID- 981642
TI  - Thickening of the posterior tracheal stripe: a sign of squamous cell carcinoma of
      the esophagus.
AB  - A thickened posterior tracheal stripe (wider than 4.5 mm) was identified on the
      lateral check radiographs of 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the
      esophagus. Autopsy studies confirmed that peri-esophageal lymphatic involvement
      was responsible for the thickening of the stripe in the nonobstructed esophagus.
      This sign appeared on the lateral chest radiograph as early as 6 months prior to
      the development of symptoms in 50% of the cases studied.

PMID- 981643
TI  - The effect of valium on myocardial blood flow.
AB  - The effect of Valium on coronary blood flow was studied. In 18 patients
      undergoing coronary angiography, total and regional myocardial blood flow was
      determined by the 133Xe wash-out technique. A total of 39 pre- and 39 post-Valium
      injection wash-out curves were constructed. Results indicate (99% confidence)
      that intravenous Valium injection (0.1 mg/kg body weight) decreases myocardial
      blood flow 12--15%.

PMID- 981644
TI  - Breast parenchymal patterns and their changes with age.
AB  - The appearance of the breast parenchyma was studied in 955 women to determine
      whether it changed with age. It was found that women initially classified as
      being at either a low risk or a very high risk of cancer do not demonstrate
      changes in the breast parenchyma pattern with age. However, breasts in young
      women which exhibit dysplastic changes on the initial examination (QDY)
      frequently do change, occasionally to a relatively lower-risk category but often
      to a normal or near-normal appearance. Such changes generally occur between the
      ages of 35 and 50.

PMID- 981645
TI  - Thermographic patterns of the breast: a critical analysis of interpretation.
AB  - In a prospective evaluation, 1,000 consecutive breast thermograms were
      categorized as either normal or having 1 of 4 abnormal patterns: diffuse,
      asymmetrical, focal, or peri-areolar. Of 49 proved carcinomas, 43 produced an
      abnormal patterns; the asymmetric type was 3 times as common as the focal. Tumors
      producing focal patterns were slightly smaller than those producing asymmetrical
      patterns. Almost 30% of the non-malignant lesions produced an abnormal
      thermogram. This procedure can not generally be used to distinguish between
      benign and malignant lesions; there may be, therefore, little diagnostic value in
      categorizing abnormal thermograms. The usefulness of thermography in the
      detection of occult carcinomas has not been established.

PMID- 981646
TI  - Needle localization of nonpalpable breast lesions.
AB  - Mammographic identification of nonpalpable breast lesions suspicious for
      malignancy constitutes a valid indication for breast biopsy but localization is
      difficult. Percutaneous needle localization of such lesions, whether clustered
      microcalcifications, small masses, or focal areas of distorted mammary
      architecture, is an effective aid to the surgeon. The authors' experience in more
      than 80 cases is described and the necessity for specimen radiography is
      emphasized.

PMID- 981647
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans complicating Legg-Perthes disease. A report of four
      cases.
AB  - Osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral head occurs as a rare complication in
      the late onset of Legg-Perthes disease. The etiology of this complication is
      uncertain. Theories include: (a) persistence of an ununited fragment and (b)
      fragmentation of the femoral head weakened by revascularization accompanying
      healing. The area of osteochondritis dissecans may not be readily apparent on
      routine radiographs and a high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis.
      Four cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the hip presenting 6--18 years after
      the diagnosis of Legg-Perthes disease are described. Three patients were studied
      by arthrography, and the findings correlated well with symptomatology.

PMID- 981648
TI  - Unilateral arch hypertrophy with spinous process tilt: a sign of arch deficiency.
AB  - Unilateral arch hypertrophy (UAH) may be generated by a contralateral deficiency
      which is most commonly a pars defect (43 out of 50 patients studied). Such a
      defect can also cause rotational instability. When present, both can be easily
      detected on simple anteroposterior views through the resulting pedicular and pars
      asymmetry and spinous process tilt. From simple anteroposterior views, one can
      predict that at least one arch defect does exist, that it is unstable, and not of
      recent origin.

PMID- 981649
TI  - Normal "Cupid's bow" contour of the lower lumbar vertebrae.
AB  - The inferior end plates of the 3d, 4th, and 5th lumbar vertebral bodies
      frequently have paired parasagittal concavities when viewed in the frontal
      projection. When viewed in the lateral projection, the concavities superimpose,
      lying in the posterior portion of the vertebral body. This normal contour of the
      end plate should not be confused with other vertebral body anomalies having
      clinical importance. The incidence and degree of end plate depression are
      discussed.

PMID- 981650
TI  - Hemodynamic changes after distal splenorenal shunt studied by sequential
      angiography.
AB  - Distal splenorenal shunts were made in 25 patients with cirrhosis of the liver
      and portal hypertension. Angiograms were obtained in 16 patients at one week,
      three and six months, and at one year postoperatively. Portal vein flow had
      diminished in all patients compared with flow seen in preoperative angiograms.
      Hepatofugal flow developed in 6 patients during the follow-up period, and in 2
      patients only one week postoperatively. The shunt remained patent in all of the
      patients but one.

PMID- 981651
TI  - Stratification in the gallbladder on intravenous cholangiography. The value of
      delayed or 24-hour radiographs.
AB  - Errors in interpretation of intravenous cholangiograms are often made if 24-hour
      radiographs are not obtained. Three cases are presented in which radiographs,
      obtained 1/2--4 hours after administration of contrast material, failed to
      demonstrate gallstones in the visualized gallbladder. However, 24-hour
      radiographs revealed calculi in all three patients. Stratification of bile is
      thought to be the mechanism responsible. Delayed radiographs assure proper mixing
      of contrast material and bile, and provide optimal visualization of the
      gallbladder in patients undergoing intravenous cholangiography.

PMID- 981652
TI  - The normal and abnormal development of the appendix. A radiographic assessment.
AB  - Radiographic examinations of the colon in the adult demonstrate a wide variety of
      contours of the interior cecal segment and appendix. These findings are a result
      of the normal developmental process of the appendix which can be arbitrarily
      separated into four stages. Examples of appendiceal development arrested at
      different stages, as well as variations of the normal adult appendix, are
      explained and illustrated. Forms of primitive development and lack of development
      (agenesis) are discussed.

PMID- 981653
TI  - Renal abnormalities in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.
AB  - Abnormal excretory urograms of 5 patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and
      extramedullary hematopoiesis are presented, with radiological/pathological
      correlation where possible. Findings include renal enlargement with distortion of
      calyces and renal peripelvic masses.

PMID- 981654
TI  - Unilateral absence of excretion at urography after abdominal trauma.
AB  - The unilateral absence of excretion at urography is particularly significant in
      the context of prior abdominal trauma. Of 23 such cases studied, 17 involved
      traumatic main renal artery occlusion; only 1 of these 17 kidneys was salvaged.
      Since earlier diagnosis may improve surgical results, urography should be
      abbreviated in favor of renal angiography, to differentiate renal artery
      occlusion from other renal injuries, agenesis, and preexisting renal disease.
      Clinical and plain radiographic features provide few clues. Renal venography,
      ultrasonography, and retrograde ureteropyelography should be used only as
      secondary procedures. The role of renal scintiangiography remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 981655
TI  - Enzymatic evidence of renal tubular damage following renal angiography.
AB  - Ligandin, a glutathione (GSH) transferase, is a protein found in proximal tubular
      cells as well as in other tissues. It does not occur in the urine of normal
      subjects; however, its presence has been detected in the urine of some patients
      who have undergone renal angiography. This finding suggests renal tubular cell
      damage due to the procedure.

PMID- 981656
TI  - The internal mammary artery: an overlooked collateral pathway to the leg.
AB  - In 10 patients with an occluded aorta, angiography performed with the catheter in
      the abdominal aorta failed to opacify the reconstituted distal extremity
      arteries. Repeat injection into the thoracic aorta resulted in adequate
      opacification of the leg vessels through internal mammary-inferior epigastric
      artery collaterals. Moving the catheter from the abdominal aorta to the ascending
      aorta or selectively into the internal mammary artery is suggested when standard
      abdominal aortic injection fails to demonstrate runoff vessels.

PMID- 981657
TI  - Arteriography of peripheral hemangiomas.
AB  - Arteriography has proved useful in evaluation of 17 patients with peripheral soft
      tissue hemangiomas (15 benign, 2 malignant) by defining their extent, degree of
      vascularity, and source of vascular supply and allowing differentiation from
      arteriovenous malformations. In 11 cases (all benign), moderate fine-caliber
      hypervascularity with some degree of staining was seen. In 6 (4 benign, 2
      malignant) there was marked hypervascularity with coarse, irregular vessels. The
      coarse or fine hypervascularity which characterizes most benign hemangiomas
      closely resembles that seen in malignant soft-tissue tumors and may preclude
      correct diagnosis by angiography alone. However, peripheral hemangiomas
      frequently exhibit distinctive clinical features which when combined with the
      arteriographic findings enable the radiologist to identify the lesion.

PMID- 981658
TI  - Lymphography in clinically suspected lymphoma: a retrospective analysis of 63
      cases.
AB  - Pedal lymphography was performed for 63 patients with clinical findings (chiefly
      unexplained pyrexia or splenomegaly) suggestive of lymphoma involving the
      retroperitoneal nodes. The lymphogram was abnormal in 17 cases. Lymphoma was
      found in 5, metastatic carcinoma in 3, malignant histiocytes in 1, and benign
      hyperplasia or fibrolipomatous nodal changes in 4 (histiological tests were not
      obtained in the other 4). An abnormal lymphogram of the retroperitoneal nodes
      constitutes an indication for laparotomy; the lymphographic appearance of
      lymphoma is nonspecific, and histologic confirmation should be sought.

PMID- 981659
TI  - Attenuation measurements of whole blood and blood fractions in computed
      tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) provides an extraordinarily effective means of
      diagnosing intracranial hemorrhages. Normal blood has a relatively high x-ray
      attenuation in the circulation and following extravasation, permitting the
      discrimination by CT of many pathologically enlarged vascular spaces containing
      circulating blood and/or blood clot (such as arteriovenous malformations and
      large aneurysms) in addition to recent hemorrhages, from continguous anatomical
      structures. To promote further understanding of the factors contributing to the
      attenuation of blood in normal and abnormal states. the attenuations of various
      preparations of whole blood and blood fractions were investigated in further
      detail.

PMID- 981660
TI  - Computed tomography in cerebral abscess.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) scans of 9 surgically proved cases of cerebral abscess
      were reviewed. The CT characteristics were studied, as were the postoperative
      scans. Also assessed were the contributions to the diagnosis of the clinical
      features, plain radiographic examinations, radionuclide imaging, and angiography.
      The accuracy and information content of CT scans of cerebral abscesses should
      lead to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 981661
TI  - Persistent trigminal artery in the fetus.
AB  - Radiological and anatomical studies of a persistent trigeminal artery in three
      human fetuses are reported. In one fetus there was also an anastomotic artery
      connecting one of the carotid arteries to the contralateral inferior cerebellar
      artery. In all three cases, the trigeminal arteries gave branches to the pons. In
      addition to the pontine branches, one trigeminal artery gave an anastomotic
      branch to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the other trigeminal
      artery gave branches to both the superior cerebellar artery and the internal
      auditory artery.

PMID- 981662
TI  - Technetium-99m pyridoxylideneglutamate (P.G.) cholescintigraphy.
AB  - Technetium-99m P.G. cholescintigraphy was performed in 27 human volunteers and 81
      patients referred for hepatobiliary tract disease. The gallbladder, biliary
      system, and gastrointestinal tract were well visualized in the normal patients
      and volunteers. The gallbladder was not visualized in 22 patients with
      histologically proved cholecystitis with cystic duct obstruction. Nine patients
      with complet extrahepatic obstruction of the common bile duct were correctly
      diagnosed. Hepatocellular disease and incomplete obstruction, with and without
      jaundice, were diagnosed with this technique. Oral cholecystography is superior
      to this method for the detection of cholelithiasis in nonjaundiced patients.

PMID- 981663
TI  - Solitary abnormalities in bone scans of patients with extraosseous malignancies.
AB  - The incidence and significance of solitary bone scan abnormalities were assessed
      in a study of 1,129 consecutive patients with extraskeletal primary malignancies.
      Solitary abnormalities were encountered in 172 cases (15%). The etiology of the
      scan abnormality was established in 90 of the 172 cases; 58 (64%) were due to
      metastatic disease, and 32 (36%) were secondary to a benign process. A
      significant percentage of solitary scan abnormalities is due to benign disease
      processes, even in patients with proved extraosseous malignancies.

PMID- 981664
TI  - Unilateral breast uptake of 67Ga from breast feeding.
AB  - Unilateral 67Ga uptake was observed in the left breast of a 23-year-old woman who
      had nursed her infant on that side for 10 months. Careful clinical examination
      and follow-up failed to reveal any evidence of breast disease. Unilateral breast
      feeding should be considered in the differential diagnosis of asymmetric 67Ga
      localization in the breast.

PMID- 981665
TI  - The usefulness of the posterior oblique views in perfusion lung imaging.
AB  - A total of 116 perfusion lung images, with and without posterior oblique views,
      were compared by four trained observers. There was a significant increase in the
      number of perfusion defects detected when the posterior oblique views were
      included. Pairs of projections of 89 lung images were read by the four observers.
      The percentage of correct readings for the posterior oblique views was 78%
      compared with 63% and 56% for the lateral views and AP views, respectively.
      Inclusion of the posterior oblique views as a routine part of the examination is
      recommended.

PMID- 981666
TI  - Maxillary-facial abnormalities assessed by bone imaging.
AB  - Eighty-eight patients with maxillary-facial abnormalities were studied with 99mTc
      labeled phosphate compounds. Straight and tilted anterior views plus oblique
      orbital and lateral views were correlated with 201 thallium transmission images
      of a dried skull. Interpretation of any single view may be hampered by various
      superimposed structures. Careful patient positioning with multiple views allows
      for parallactic correlation which is crucial if radiotherapy, biopsy, or
      corroborative studies are planned.

PMID- 981667
TI  - Early detection of stress fractures using 99mTc-polyphosphate.
AB  - Clinical experience with 99mTc-polyphosphate scintigraphy in more than 200
      patients with suspected stress fractures is presented. Stress fractures occur in
      bone which has been weakened as a result of accelerated physiological change
      induced by excessive muscular and mechanical activity. Unlike traumatic
      fractures, they are not accompanied by radiographic abnormality early in their
      course. Bone scintigraphy is sensitive enough to detect the physiological
      alterations found in stress fractures and was responsible for decreased morbidity
      in this series of patients due to early diagnosis.

PMID- 981668
TI  - Focal splenic defects.
AB  - Review of more than 2,000 liver-spleen scans revealed 18 cases of focal splenic
      defects. Three major categories are defined: lymphoma, infarctions, and
      metastatic tumor. Clinical presentation is important in determining the precise
      etiology, and a differential diagnosis is presented. It appears that: (a)
      reticulum cell carcinoma is as likely to cause defects as is Hodgkin's disease;
      (b) splenic infarction is related to pancreatic disease through the splenic vein;
      and (c) malignant melanoma is the most common secondary deposit as detected by
      scanning.

PMID- 981669
TI  - Possible adverse effect of methylglucamine diatrizoate compounds on the bowel of
      newborn infants with meconium ileus.
AB  - Gastrografin (methylglucamine diatrizoate) enemas were carried out in 2 newborn
      infants with meconium ileus. Evacuation was slow and incomplete. Both patients
      died within 72 hours following enemas from bowel necrosis, perforation and
      peritonitis. Although it is not possible to implicate Gastrografin directly as
      the cause, it is suggested that it may have contributed substantially to bowel
      necrosis. Recent experimental evidence of colonic inflammation and occasionally
      necrosis caused by Gastrografin lends support to this hypothesis. Caution should
      be exercised to prevent not only the systemic osmotic effects of Gastrografin,
      but also potential local injury to the bowel, especially when underlying disease
      interferes with intestinal viability.

PMID- 981670
TI  - Intestinal perforation. An infrequent complication of ventriculo-peritoneal
      shunts.
AB  - Bowel perforation by ventriculo-peritoneal shunts occurred in two children with
      no abdominal symptoms. The diagnosis in each instance was confirmed by
      opacification of the colon in one child and the small bowel in the other via
      contrast medium injection of the distal shunt tubing. "Shuntograms" are
      recommended for all patients with no readily evident cause of dysfunctioning
      cerebrospinal fluid-peritoneal shunts.

PMID- 981671
TI  - Delayed opacification in congenital multicystic dysplastic kidney, an important
      Roentgen sign.
AB  - Two cases of delayed opacification of multiple irregular cystic spaces are
      reported in unilateral congenital multicystic kidney. This finding should be
      added to the basic excretory urographic sings of poor function, cystic spaces on
      total body opacification, and calyceal crescents, and indicates the need for
      delayed films in all such cases. Reevaluation of the necessity for further
      diagnostic study and nephrectomy are discussed.

PMID- 981672
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of a popliteal artery aneurysm.
AB  - Ultrasound techniques are very effective in screening painful masses of the
      popliteal space. These techniques easily differentiate popliteal cysts from
      thrombophlebitis, and in addition permit sequential evaluation without patient
      discomfort or invasion. We report its use in diagnosing a popliteal artery
      aneurysm, another cause of a painful popliteal mass.

PMID- 981673
TI  - Prospective studies with the CRE formula of prolonged fractionation schedules.
AB  - Different dose schedules prospectively calculated with the Cumulative Radiation
      Effect (CRE) formula were used for irradiation of inoperable breast carcinomas.
      Fractionation with 2 X 260 rad and 2 X 450 rad twice a week, and total doses
      corresponding to CRE levels 1900 to 2300, were compared. The results showed that
      prolonged fractionation increased the tolerance of normal skin and the
      therapeutic ration with respect to early radiation reactions. Late reactions
      could not be assessed as yet because their development requires several years.
      With the prolonged course of treatment and 2 X 260 rad per week, no moist
      desquamation developed despite dose levels between 6800 and 9400 rad. Skin
      reactions were milder than those in the rapidly treated areas, indicating that
      the CRE formula cannot exactly predict acute skin reactions for very prolonged
      treatment schedules. The tumor regressed continuously during the irradiation
      schedule.

PMID- 981674
TI  - Age as a prognostic indicator in carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Selected elderly patients with squamous cell carcinoma localized to the lung
      should be considered for radical irradiation. Age should not be used as a
      negative prognostic indicator. This group of patients has a lower incidence of
      distant metastasis and local control may produce long-term survival. Radical
      irradiation is well tolerated, particularly as a split course, and serious
      complications are few.

PMID- 981675
TI  - Repair of potentially lethan radiation damage: comparison of neutron and X-ray
      RBE and implications for radiation therapy.
AB  - Experiments with Chinese hamster cells have shown that neutron irradiation does
      not result in repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD), i.e., that which can be
      influenced by changes in environmental conditions following irradiation. Since
      PLD is presumed to be repaired in tumors but not in normal tissues, this absence
      of differential sparing of tumor cells relative to normal tissues--a feature
      characteristic of irradiation with x rays--represents an advantage of neutrons in
      addition to their reduced oxygen effect. At a given dose, the difference in
      relative biological effectiveness (RBE) between tumors and normal tissues
      corresponds to a 5% increase in tumor dose with no concomitant increase in dose
      to normal tissues, which could be significant in cancer therapy.

PMID- 981676
TI  - Beta-aminopropionitrile as a radiation reaction preventive agent.
AB  - Beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of collagen maturation, was tested
      as a radiation reaction preventive agent (RRPA) using radiation-induced lung
      fibrosis in rats and mice as a model. Following pulmonary irradiation, treatment
      with BAPN significantly prevented an increase in collagen content as measured by
      hydroxyproline analysis. This effect persisted during BAPN maintenance for
      periods of up to 10 weeks but was lost when the drug was discontinued. BAPN
      administration did not increase the mouse lung LD50/160 in the drug doses
      employed in this study. Other possible RRPAs deserving further study include D
      penicillamine and beclomethasone dipropionate.

PMID- 981677
TI  - Dose profiles in treatment planning.

PMID- 981678
TI  - Single monitor stereoradiological television system using PLZT electrooptic
      shutters.
AB  - A new family of materials consisting of lead lanthanium zirconate titanate (PLZT)
      has evolved from recent advances in ferroelectric ceramics. PLZT electrooptic
      ceramics may be used as electronically triggered high-contrast optical shutters
      in lightweight stereoscopic viewing devices. A PLZT electrooptic shutter
      stereoradiology system in which dual x-ray tubes are used to generate stereo
      pairs of fluoroscopic images is presented. This system requires only a single
      television monitor for stereoscopic viewing by one or more observers. The viewer
      which contains the optical shutters is compact, light-weight, and can be attached
      easily to normal eyeglasses.

PMID- 981679
TI  - Polarized panels to assure privacy in fluoroscopic installations.

PMID- 981680
TI  - Use of a compensating filter in lung hilus tomography.

PMID- 981681
TI  - An aid in sialographic studies. A newly devised curved sialographic obturator
      cannula.
AB  - A newly devised curved side-hole cannula for use in sialographic procedures is
      presented. A tapered metallic cuff serves as a retention plug to prevent backflow
      and escape of the contrast medium.

PMID- 981682
TI  - Radionuclide venography of the lower extremities and inferior vena cava by
      continuous injection and moving bed gamma camera technique.
AB  - Radionuclide venography has proved to be a tedious procedure because of the need
      for multiple imaging set-ups with coordinated, repeated injections of
      radionuclide. The use of a moving bed gamma camera has shortened the procedure.
      This method enables the entire sapheno-femoral-iliac-caval system to be
      visualized in continuity on a single film. The moving table top system also
      adequately imaged the suspected areas of thrombi or endothelial damage on the
      post-exercise study on a single film.

PMID- 981684
TI  - Further studies of eel virus (Berlin) isolated from the blood of eels (Anguilla
      anguilla) with skin papilloma.

PMID- 981683
TI  - Film interpretation session. Radiological Society of North America. Sixty-second
      scientific assembly and annual meeting. November 1976. Summary of discussion and
      diagnoses.

PMID- 981685
TI  - Oral papillomas in Genyonemus lineatus (white croakers). Etiological
      considerations.

PMID- 981687
TI  - Epizootiological studies of lymphomas in northern pike in Ireland.

PMID- 981686
TI  - Variably differentiating oral neoplasms, ranging from epidermal papilloma to
      odontogenic ameloblastoma, in cunners ((Tautogolabrus adspersus) Osteichthyes;
      Perciformes: Labridae).

PMID- 981688
TI  - Epizootiological and experimental studies of skin tumours in northern pike (Esox
      lucius L.) in the Baltic Sea.

PMID- 981689
TI  - Intrahepatic biliary duct neoplasms in Catastomus commersoni.

PMID- 981690
TI  - Neoplasia in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) from a polluted environment.

PMID- 981691
TI  - Tumorous growths of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, associated with
      treated sewage effluent.

PMID- 981692
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on epizootic neoplasia and lytic virus infection in
      bivalve mollusks.

PMID- 981693
TI  - Studies on the geographical distribution, etiology, and transmission of
      integumentary epitheliomas in rock oysters from Australian estuaries.

PMID- 981694
TI  - Biochemical genetics of the platyfish-swordtail hybrid melanoma system.

PMID- 981695
TI  - Epidermal papillomas in Pleuronectidae of Puget Sound, Washington. Review of the
      current status of the problem.

PMID- 981696
TI  - Ocean wastewater discharge and tumors in a southern California flatfish.

PMID- 981697
TI  - Histopathological and virological investigations of papillomas in soles and
      gobies in coastal waters of Japan.

PMID- 981698
TI  - Atlantic eels and cauliflower disease (orocutaneous papillomatosis).

PMID- 981699
TI  - Selective incorporation of 14C-arachidonic acid into the phospholipids of intact
      tissues and subsequent metabolism to 14C-prostaglandins.
AB  - A method is described for the efficient incorporation of radioactive arachidonic
      acid into the lipids of rabbit hearts and kidneys. Infusion of 14C-arachidonate
      through perfused tissues resulted in the quantitative removel of label from the
      media. Analysis of the lipids from tissues labeled by this procedure revealed
      that the majority of the 14C-arachidonate was incorporated into phospholipids.
      Essentially all of the radioactivity in phosphatidylcholine was found in the 2
      position. Subsequent to the 14C-arachidonate infusion, stimulation of
      prostaglandin biosynthesis (e.g. by bradykinin) resulted in the release of
      radioactive prostaglandins. This suggests that the 14C-arachidonate is
      incorporated in a manner such that it is available for hormone-stimulated
      prostaglandin biosynthesis. The method described allows both qualitative and
      quantitative analysis of arachidonate metabolism in intact tissues and offers
      significant advantages over other presently used methods.

PMID- 981700
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce thromboxane A2-like activity during
      phagocytosis.
AB  - Homogenates of phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from rabbit
      peritoneum were incubated with the prostaglandin endoperoxides PGG2 or PGH2.
      After 2 min at 0degree C, incubation mixtures contained an increased rabbit aorta
      contracting activity. Ether extracts of incubation mixtures contained a substance
      which contracted the superfused strips of rabbit aorta and coeliac artery and had
      a half life which was similar to thromboxane A2. The generation of thromboxane A2
      like activity from PG endoperoxides was prevented by boiling the homogenate prior
      to incubation, or by pretreatment with benzydamine, a drug which blocks
      thromboxane formation in platelets. Production of thromboxane A2-like material by
      leukocyte homogenates was compared with platelet microsomal thromboxane
      synthetase.

PMID- 981701
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for urinary metabolites of prostaglandin F2alpha.
AB  - Antibodies against the main urinary metabolite of PGF2alpha in the human, 5alpha,
      7alpha-dihydroxy-11-ketotetranorprosta-1,16-dioic acid, were raised in rabbits.
      The compound was coupled selectively in the omega position to bovine serum
      albumin prior to injection. The resuling antibodies did not distinguish between
      tetranor compounds varying only in structure at the omega carbon, and thus the
      assay could be used also for other metabolites of PGF2alpha, e.g. the main
      urinary metabolite in the guinea pig, 5alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-11
      ketotretranorporstanoic acid. Labeled ligands for the assays were prepared either
      in vivo by injection of [17, 18-3H]-PGF2alpha into humans after several days
      treatment with indomethacin, or in vitro by incubation of [17, 18-3H]-15-keto-13,
      14-dihydro-PGF2alpha with mitochondria from rat liver. The sensitivity of the
      assay was 10 pg or 4 pg with these two preparations, respectively. The assay was
      employed for a number of measurements: normal daily excretion in a number of
      humans; excretion of urinary metabolites during treatment with prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibitors in human subjects, or after intravenous injection of
      PGF2alpha; excretion during human pregnancy; and prostaglandin production in the
      guinea pig during normal estrous cycles and pregnancies and after estrogen
      treatment. The results of these studies were in several cases compared to similar
      measurements earlier performed using mass spectrometric methods, and were found
      to agree well. Thus, this radioimmunoassay provides a simple and accurate method
      for estimating prostaglandin production, particularly suitable for long-term
      studies and for cases where repeated blood sampling must be avoided.

PMID- 981702
TI  - Deuterium- and tritium-labeled (+/-)-7alpha-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranorprostane
      1,16-dioic acid.

PMID- 981703
TI  - Chloroquine, quinine, procaine, quinidine and clomipramine are prostaglandin
      agonists and antagonists.
AB  - Chloroquine, quinine, procaine, quinidine and clomipramine behave as
      prostaglandin (PG) antagonists in a rat mesenteric vascular bed preparation. The
      ID50 concentrations were within the range of therapeutically effective human
      plasma levels in each case. Antagonism to PGE2 was studied in detail and seemed
      to be at least in part competitive. The drugs also antagonized the effects of PGs
      A1, A2, F2alpha and E1. Each drug also had weak prostaglandin agonist activity
      but only over a very narrow range of concentrations. It is possible that some of
      the clinical actions of these drugs may depend on blockade or imitation of
      natural PG effects. The findings suggest new approaches to the search for PG
      antagonists, a new screening technique for anti-inflammatory drugs and possible
      new uses for these established drugs. A preliminary study suggests that
      chloroquine may be successful in closing a patent ductus arteriosus in infants.

PMID- 981704
TI  - Prostaglandin production by methylcholanthrene-transformed mouse BALB/3T3:
      inhibition by cytochalasin B.
AB  - Cytochalasin B inhibits the production of prostaglandins by serum-, thrombin-,
      and bradykinin-stimulated MC5-5 cells. The serum-stimulated release of
      arachidonic acid from cellular phospholipids also is inhibited. Cytochalasin B
      does not affect the cells' prostaglandin synthetase activity when exogenous
      arachidonic acid is present. Deacylation of phospholipids may be the step
      affected by cytochalasin B possibly as a result of disruption of microfilament
      organization. Colchicine and vinblastine, two drugs that can disrupt microtubule
      organization, do not inhibit prostaglandin production by cells.

PMID- 981705
TI  - Effect of aspirin on prostaglandin synthesis by human platelets.
AB  - When platelet rich plasma is exposed to N-ethylmaleimide, a ten fold increase in
      measurable prostaglandin E synthesis occurs. This effect is almost completely
      abolished within 2 hours of ingestion of 600 mg of aspirin by human volunteers.
      Recovery of this platelet function is slow for the first two days, returning
      sharply to normal over the next six days and plateauing approximately 8 days
      following initial removal from aspirin. It is suggested from these studies that
      platelet prostaglandin E production following NEM may be a useful test of
      platelet function.

PMID- 981706
TI  - The effect of salicylate on prostaglandin levels in rabbit knees following
      inducement of osteoarthritic changes.
AB  - Surgical inducement of medial instability in the right knee of rabbits was used
      to produce joint changes which resemble those observed in human osteoarthritis.
      Ordinary tap water was supplied to half of the rabbits and tap water plus sodium
      salicylate to the others. Determinations of prostaglandin were made on the
      synovial fluid and cartilage from all rabbits five months after surgery. In both
      groups, the concentration of prostaglandin in synovial fluid was lower in the
      operated knees, but the total amount of prostaglandin was found to be
      approximately equal to that in the unoperated knees. The development of
      degenerative joint changes therefore was not accompanied by increases in
      prostaglandin content. Salicylate treatment did not alter this observation,
      however, it did reduce overall prostaglandin levels. These results suggest that
      prostaglandin interaction is not involved in osteoarthritic joint degeneration.

PMID- 981707
TI  - Metabolism of PG in man: effect of furosemide on the excretion of the main
      metabolite of PG F2alpha.
AB  - The excretion rates of main urinary metabolite of PG F2alpha were measured
      radioimmunologically in 4 healthy persons and in 13 essential hypertensives. The
      resting values were 9.3+/-0.73 in the former and 10.4+/-2.17 ng/min in the
      latter. There was no significant differences between them. The excretion of the
      metabolite decreased prominently after the administration of furosemide. The
      percent decrease was 57% in healthy persons and 70% in essential hypertension.
      The percent result supports that furosemide inhibit the catabolism of PG F2alpha.

PMID- 981708
TI  - The simultaneous use of two prostaglandin radioimmunoassays employing two
      antisera of differing specificity. II. Relative stability of prostaglandins E1,
      E2 and F1alpha in cell cultures of BALB/c 3T3 and SV3T3 mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - The relative stability of Prostaglandins (PGs) E1, E2 and F1alpha in cultures of
      BALB/c 3T3 and SV3T3 cells has been evaluated using 3 different approaches.
      First, total recovery of tritium in the ethyl acetate phase following incubation
      and extraction of PGF1alpha and PGE1 demonstrated greater stability for PGF1alpha
      (88.8%) than PGE1 (65.9%). Second, analysis of incubated, extracted, tritiated
      PGs by thin layer chromatography revealed decreases of up to 23% in the PGE zone
      following incubation of 3H-PGE1. With increasing time of incubation, decreases in
      the PGE zone were accompanied by increase in PGA-like compounds. 3H-PGF1alpha
      demonstrated greater stability, having greater than 90% recovery of the tritium
      in the PGF zone. A third approach to the assessment of PG stability in culture
      was the comparison of the production of individual PGs by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
      The data obtained by RIA indicated a lag in the increase of PGA and PGB, until an
      initial rise in PGE was noted, suggesting that PGA and PGB may be secondary
      products arising from PGE which exhibits only partial stability in culture. By
      employing two RIAs, one for total PGE and one for PGA and PGB, the composite
      determination PG [E + (A + B)] can be used to provide a more meaningful
      determination of PG production because of the instability of the PGs. On the
      other hand, individual determinations are helpful in assessing the stability of
      PGEs in cell cultures.

PMID- 981709
TI  - A sensitive method for the determination of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in
      human plasma.
AB  - A highly sensitive and reproducible GLC technique for the quantitation of
      amitriptyline and nortriptyline is described. The lower limit of detection is
      less than 1 ng/ml. 5 ng/ml samples (3 ml aliquots) can be accurately quantified
      (C of V less than 5%). Steady state data are reported together with data on
      amitriptyline and nortriptyline levels obtained in a volunteer who ingested a
      single oral dose (25 mg) of amitriptyline (Elavil).

PMID- 981710
TI  - Non-selective enhancement of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra self
      stimulation after termination of chronic dopaminergic receptor blockade with
      pimozide in rats.
AB  - Self-stimulation of substantia nigra and locus coeruleus were assessed before and
      after an 8-day regimen in which pimozide was given twice daily at a dose of 0.5
      mg/kg (first 4 days) or 1.0 mg/kg (last 4 days). At 48 hours after termination of
      pimozide treatment self-stimulation was increased to 25% above pre-pimozide
      baseline levels: this was true for both self-stimulation sites. Rates remained
      high the following day but returned to normal by the third day of post-pimozide
      testing. These data are interpreted as reflecting pimozide-induced
      supersensitivity in a dopamenergic substrate. This substrate appears to be
      critical for intracranial self-stimulation even when its fibers are not
      themselves activated at the tip of the stimulating electrode.

PMID- 981711
TI  - Effects of undrugged partners on scopolamine-induced changes in activity and
      sociability.
AB  - One group of 6 rats was injected with saline, one with 1.0 mg/Kg scopolamine
      (D/D) and two others had half the members in each injected with saline and half
      with scopolamine (S/D). Each was tested in a 36 X 36 in. open field for 10 min.
      The frequency of ambulation, rearing, social contacts, and the shortest and
      perimeter distances between rats were found. The presence of the partners in the
      S/D groups eliminated most of the scopolamine-induced changes found in the D/D
      group, showing that the nature of the social environment affects drug-induced
      changes in activity and sociability.

PMID- 981712
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of lithium in human plasma and erythrocytes.
AB  - The time course of lithium concentration in plasma and RBCs was measured in
      normal adult males following administration of single and multiple doses of
      lithium carbonate. From the single dose profiles, it was determined that lithium
      distribution between plasma and RBCs is not a simple partitioning phenomenon. The
      single dose time course measurements in both blood components were fit to a two
      compartment pharmacokinetic model in which the plasma was representative of the
      central compartment and the RBCs were representative of the tissue compartment.
      The importance of correction for trapped plasma volume in studies measuring
      lithium RBC kinetics was emphasized. In this study it was also demonstrated that
      one can accurately predict plasma and RBC lithium concentrations which are
      observed following multiple dosing, on the basis of single dose parameters
      obtained in the same subject.

PMID- 981713
TI  - [Results of utilization of fibroendoscopy in clinical surgery of alimentary tract
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981714
TI  - [Malignant tumours morbidity in Cracow (author's transl)].

PMID- 981715
TI  - [Value of policardiography and radiography in diagnosis of papillary muscles
      insufficiency in post -- infarction patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 981716
TI  - [Calcitonin. Biochemical and clinical aspects (author's transl)].

PMID- 981717
TI  - [Lipoprotein balance and its physiological and clinical aspects. Metabolism of
      plasma adipose bodies and their participation in lipid balance].

PMID- 981718
TI  - [Acute poisoning with carbon monoxide accompanied by physical disorders in a
      patient with a cardiac pacemaker and nephrosis syndrome].

PMID- 981719
TI  - [Results of treatment of diabetes in sipidus with Pfizer's diabinese (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981720
TI  - [Poisons information service (author's transl)].

PMID- 981721
TI  - [Interatrial and atrio-ventricular conduction pathways (author's transl)].

PMID- 981722
TI  - [Value of assessing chloride ions concentratation in gastric juice in evaluation
      of gastric secretion tests in patients with peptic ulcer (author's transl)].

PMID- 981723
TI  - [On existence of correlation bewteen peptic ulcer and thromboangiitis author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981724
TI  - [Effect of sex on serum immunoglobulin in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 981725
TI  - [Death rate after myocardial infarction (author'stransl)].

PMID- 981726
TI  - [Prolonged dynamic Holter electrocardiography(author's transl)].

PMID- 981727
TI  - [Toxicology of "liquid gas"(author's transl)].

PMID- 981728
TI  - [Principles and rules of the use of poisons information service (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981729
TI  - [Spirura guianensis (Ortlepp, 1924), parasite of Philander opossum quica
      (Temminck, 1825) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Nematoda, spiruridae)].

PMID- 981730
TI  - Hybridization in the genus Leontopithecus, L.R. rosalia (Linnaeus, 1766) X.L.R.
      chyrsomelas (Kuhl, 1820) (Callitrichidae, primates).

PMID- 981731
TI  - [A new species of trypanosoma in fish (Mugil Brasiliensis agassiz, 1829) (Pisces,
      mugilidae)].

PMID- 981732
TI  - [Acid hydrolysis and the removal of basic proteins from the interphasic nucleus
      and mitotic chromosomas].

PMID- 981733
TI  - [On the eating habits of Chrotopterus auritus Australis, Thomas, 1905 (Mammalia,
      Chiropterea, Phyllostomidae)].

PMID- 981734
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the nucleus in germinal cells of sea shrimp ovaries].

PMID- 981735
TI  - [Morphological aspects of Meckel's diverticulum in Gallus Domesticus].

PMID- 981736
TI  - [Structural and histometrical study of the major salivary glands in the hamster].

PMID- 981737
TI  - [Action of thyroid hormone on the oxidation of succinate in slices of rat heart].

PMID- 981738
TI  - [Morphology and histology of the venom gland of Tityus trivittatus charreyroni
      Vellard, 1932 (Scorpiones, buthidae)].

PMID- 981739
TI  - Erythrocyte packing rates and altered lysolecithin levels during pregnancy.
AB  - The rate of packing of erythrocytes during centrifugation has been measured as an
      index of erythrocyte flexibility. Exposure of erythrocytes to sub-haemolytic
      concentrations of lysolecithin decreased their packing rate indicating that the
      cells had become less flexible. Erythrocyte packing rates and plasma lysolecithin
      levels have been measured in a series of forty pregnant and non-pregnant women.
      The plasma concentrations of lysolecithin were significantly lower in pregnant
      women when compared with non-pregnant women. In contrast to this, the plasma
      concentrations of total phospholipid and lecithin were elevated during pregnancy.
      Erythrocyte packing rates were increased during pregnancy and a statistically
      very significant negative correlation was found between erythrocyte packing rate
      and plasma lysolecithin concentration.

PMID- 981740
TI  - Action of methoxyflurane on intraocular pressure (IOP) and acid-basic equilibrium
      in the dog.
AB  - MEthoxyflurane pulmonary inhalation administered to dogs, 2 ml/10kg/5 min, after
      10 minutes caused a significant increase (13.3 mmHg) in intraocular pressure as
      well (6 mmHg) in venous pressure and a significant fall, of 23.3 mmHg, in
      arterial pressure and in respiratory frequency, of 3.2 per min and amplitude of
      7.1 mm. On the other side, as acid-basic equilibrium alterations in blood, were
      observed a fall of 0.13 of pH and an increase of 18.3 mmHg of pCO2 and of 2.7
      mEq/l of bicarbonate concentration.

PMID- 981741
TI  - [Glucose tolerance tests with oral glucose challenges of 50 and 100 grams
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Seventy six subjects (63 females and 13 males) with an average age of 50.5 years,
      all of them with familial and/or obstetric history for diabetes mellitus, were
      submitted to glucose tolerance tests with oral glucose challenges of 50 and 100
      g. The tests were all analysed by different criteria of current usage in medical
      literature (Wilkerson, Fajans and Conn, British Diabetes Association and
      University Group Diabetes Program). We concluded that the 100 g glucose challenge
      gives a greater index of positivity by all the criteria above referred when
      compared to 50 g challenge. Wilkerson's criteria is less sensitive than the
      others, when applied to 100 g glucose challenges.

PMID- 981742
TI  - Isolation of a new lipolytic-melanotropic peptide from human pituitary glands.
AB  - A new peptide having both lipolytic and melanotropic properties has been isolated
      from human pituitary glands. It has a molecular weight around 11,000, an amino
      acid composition different from the known lipolytic-melanotropic hormones, and an
      isoelectric point of 8.5. Although it is not entirely pure, there is no doubt
      that it differs from other known lipolytic-melanotropic substances in its total
      lack of methionine and tryptophan and its unusually high content of lysine and
      histidine. It has a melanocyte-stimulating hormone activity of 19 units/mug. As a
      lipolytic agent it is active with rabbit adipocytes, only slightly active with
      human cells and inactive with adipocytes from the rat.

PMID- 981743
TI  - Base competition of DNA isolated from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on
      different substrates.
AB  - The present study indicates some anomalies with respect to the DNA base
      composition of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans when it is cultured on different
      substrates. The % GC of the DNA of this bacterium has been calculated by three
      different methods (melting temperature, CsCl density gradient centrifugation and
      ultra-violet absorbancy ratios) using Escherichia coli and Rhodospirillum rubrum
      as references. The main values for T. ferrooxidans grown on ferrous iron,
      chalcopyrite and lead sulfide concentrates were calculated to be 56.0, 60.1 and
      54.4% GC respectively. Although these large differences are not completely
      understood, an attempt has been made to explain this phenomenon.

PMID- 981744
TI  - Immediate effects of TSH on the cavian thyroid.
AB  - Which stage of hormone synthesis is stimulated as the immediate response of the
      thyroid to thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH)? Is there specific
      binding of TSH to thyroid tissue? Experiments were done with thyroids taken from
      propylthiouracil-treated guinea pigs to attempt to answer these questions. Such
      thyroids take up radioiodide (after 35 min in vitro; 10% of the total added;
      after 24 hours in vivo: 20% of the amount given)and, being only partially
      blocked, can utilize this iodide for hormone synthesis. Following pre-incubation
      (30 sec with or without TSH), incubation in Geys medium/air, proteolysis of the
      tissue and/or extraction of the incubation medium, tha iodinated compounds were
      isolated. These compounds were separated by thin layer chromatography and were
      either quantitated by cutting and counting the plates, or located by spraying the
      plates with the ferricyanide-ferrichloride-arsenic acid (FFCA) reagent. For
      iodide, similar procedures were used, on the same plates. This in vitro
      preparation, using partially blocked thyroid tissue, can serve as a model to
      detect slight alterations in iodide metabolism of the thyroid. TSH appears to
      bind specifically to thyroid tissue (more of the 125 I added was taken up in
      vitro by thyroid than by a control tissue). Finally, since after a 30-sec pre
      incubation with TSH (control, no TSH), the tissue contained more DIT, less T3 and
      since less of the 125I taken up appeared as iodide, hormone synthesis and
      secretion appear to be the earliest responses of thyroid tissue to stimulation by
      TSH.

PMID- 981745
TI  - [Tracheal lesions by respiratory failure during mechanical respiration].

PMID- 981746
TI  - [Biochemical changes during enflurane anesthesia].

PMID- 981747
TI  - [Spasmolytic effect of a new steroideal anesthetic (althesin)].

PMID- 981748
TI  - [Permanent pacemaker: review of our experience].

PMID- 981749
TI  - [Thalamonal as preanesthetic medication for cesarean section].

PMID- 981750
TI  - [Treatment of generalized tetanus].

PMID- 981751
TI  - [Ocular hypotension in cataract surgery under general surgery].

PMID- 981752
TI  - [Current status of the evaluation of myocardial function in hemodynamics
      examination].

PMID- 981753
TI  - [Importance of the isometric exercise test (handgrip) in the evaluation of mitral
      regurgitation murmurs].

PMID- 981754
TI  - [Drug therapy of auricular flutter with a amiodarone digoxin combination].

PMID- 981755
TI  - [Radiology of persistent ductus arterious. Importance of radiographic signs
      related to the aortic infundibulum].

PMID- 981756
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the right and left ventricle with a double outlet].

PMID- 981757
TI  - [Mitral regurgitation as a complication of myocardial infarct. Study of 50
      cases].

PMID- 981758
TI  - [Loop-L bulbar ventricular malformation.II. Surgical treatment].

PMID- 981759
TI  - [Anatomopathological study of the aortas of a group of chickens feed with eggs;
      comparison with normal ones].

PMID- 981760
TI  - [Correction of complete transposition of great vessels by the Mustard technic (26
      cases operated)].

PMID- 981761
TI  - [Aortic coarctation in the 1st 6 months of life].

PMID- 981762
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of aortic valve prolapse. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 981763
TI  - [Implantation of a permanent pacemaker in a 1-month-old child with congenital
      heart block].

PMID- 981764
TI  - [Secretory rate reduction of gastric acid by proximal gastric vagotomy (without
      drainage); is it efficient in quantity and stability?].

PMID- 981765
TI  - [Reliable gastric analysis in gastroduodenal pathology].

PMID- 981766
TI  - [Elective surgery in ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 981767
TI  - [The Lundh test in our surroundings].

PMID- 981768
TI  - [Retrospective study of advanced cancer of the colon and the rectum].

PMID- 981770
TI  - [Jaundice and pregnancy].

PMID- 981769
TI  - [Rectocolonic perforations and barium sulfate peritonitis in the course of a
      barium enema. Apropos of an observation].

PMID- 981771
TI  - [Drainage (pyloroplasty) combined with vagotomy, with special reference to
      proximal or superaselective gastric vagotomy and in patients with pyloric
      stenosis].

PMID- 981772
TI  - [Retrograded catheterization of the umbilical vein; radiological and manometric
      data].

PMID- 981773
TI  - [Cholesterol crystals: their current diagnostic value in biliary tract diseases].

PMID- 981774
TI  - [Considerations on the pathological anatomy of the liver in chronic
      gastroduodenal ulcer and its surgical treatment. Experience in 50 cases].

PMID- 981775
TI  - [A compression syndrome of the celiac trunk by the arched ligament of the
      diaphragm. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 981776
TI  - [Intestinal invagination by intussusception of Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 981777
TI  - [Polyps of the colon and the rectum, with special reference to carcinoma].

PMID- 981778
TI  - Biochemical changes in Pinus pinea seeds. III. The effect of growth substances
      and steroidal hormones on nucleic acids.
AB  - The effects of exogenous growth factors (indolacetic acid, gibberellic acid and
      kinetin and steroidal hormones (estrone, estradiol and testosterone on the
      germination pattern of Pinus pinea seeds were studied. Nucleic acids metabolism
      during the stages before germination, has also been investigated. Seeds sown in
      the presence  of all these substances, showed a higher growth rate and a higher
      germination degree than their respective controls; kinetin and estradiol were the
      most active factors. The level of total nucleic acids was studied in seeds after
      one day soaking and on the 1rst, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after sowing.
      Megagametophytes contained a higher amount of acids when growth factors and
      steroidal hormones were present, specially after one day soaking. In embryos;
      after the 3rd day, a similar result was obtained. The RNA fraction increased the
      most.

PMID- 981779
TI  - [Serum ige levels in healthy children (author's transl)].
AB  - Serum IgE levels have been measured in a group of 55 healthy children from 2 to
      10 years of age. The IgE mean value increases with the age but no sexual
      differences have been found. The numerical distribution of the different
      genotypes observed in the unselected population, follows the Hardy-Weinberg law,
      which describes the segregation of two alleles at a single locus.

PMID- 981780
TI  - Effects of sympathetic stimulation on carotid and aortic baroreceptors in the
      cat.
AB  - Variations in the discharge of baroreceptor units in the left aortic nerve were
      investigated during stimulation of the stellate ganglion both in the intact cat
      and in vitro perfusion of the aortic arch. The effects of stimulation of the
      peripheral cervical sympathetic trunk of the baroreceptor discharge in the
      carotid nerve during in vitro perfusion of the carotid artery were further
      studied. Stimulation of the stellate ganglion or the aortic nerve in the intact
      cat caused a simultaneous increase in arterial pressure, heart rate and number of
      baroreceptor impulses in a filament to the left aortic nerve. In the in vitro
      studies, decreases in the number of baroreceptor impulses both in the aortic and
      carotid nerves were produced in most cases during the stimulation of the
      sympathetic nerves. These effects were only observed during low pressure
      perfusion of the isolated artery and in low frequency changes. The infusion of
      norepinephrine caused a more marked decrease.

PMID- 981781
TI  - Active transport of sugars in tortoise intestine.
AB  - The tortoise intestine capability for active transport of sugars has been studied
      in vitro at 30 degrees C, using labelled sugars. A release of glucose from the
      glycogen stores of the intestinal wall to the medium took place throughout the
      incubation period of the sacs. An active transport of 14C-D-glucose against a
      concentration gradient from the mucosal to the serosal compartment was evident,
      whereas no such activity could be detected for 14C-D-galactose. The tissue oxygen
      uptake was 36% higher with glucose than with galactose in the medium.

PMID- 981782
TI  - The sub-cellular localization of stereo-specific opiate binding in mouse brain.
AB  - Of the three primary sub-cellular fractions derived from mouse brain homogenates,
      the P3 (microsomal) fraction binds 3H-di-hydromorphine stereo-specifically with
      the highest capacity per mg. of protein; this level is nearly as great as that
      bound by purified synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM). The binding to P3 is
      unlikely to be attributable to contamination with SPM, because a) ten times as
      much total binding is recovered in P3 as in SPM, and b) the level of binding to
      P3 is highest in a sub-fraction banding above 0.8 M sucrose, rich in surface
      membranes of all types, whereas SPM bands preferentially at at 0.8 M sucrose,
      rich in surface membranes of all types, whereas SPM bands preferentially at 0.8
      1.1 M sucrose. The binding of either 3H-di-hydromorphine or 3H-naloxone to P3 is,
      however, indistinguishable from that found in nerve endings with respect to a)
      its KD; b) the relative potencies of several agonists in displacing it; and c)
      the effects on it of Na+ or trypsin. Thus, it appears that stereo-specific opiate
      receptors are distributed diffusely on the entire surface of nerve cells and not
      concentrated at the synaptic region as has previously been supposed.

PMID- 981783
TI  - The comparison of fluoxetine and nisoxetine with tricyclic antidepressants in
      blocking the neurotoxicity of p-chloroamphetamine and 6-hydroxydopamine in the
      rat brain.
AB  - Fluoxetine prevents the loss of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) uptake in synaptosomes
      of cerebral cortex after intraperitoneally administered p-chloroamphetamine (p
      CA) with an ED50 of 3.8 mg/kg i.p. in rats. However, at 50 mg/kg, it does not
      prevent the loss of norepinephrine (NE) uptake in synaptosomes of hypothalamus
      after intraventricularly administered 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Nisoxetine, on
      the other hand, centrally protects NE uptake from the neurotoxic effect of 6-OHDA
      with an ED50 value of 5 mg/kg i.p. At 50 mg/kg, it gives only 35% protection of
      5HT uptake from the neurotoxic effect of p-CA. In comparison with the ED50 values
      of tricyclic antidepressants, both fluoxetine and nisoxetine are more potent and
      selective blockers of neurotoxicity resulting from the central actions of p-CA
      and 6-OHDA, respectively, in vivo.

PMID- 981784
TI  - Warfarin: stereochemical aspects of its metabolism in vivo in the rat.
AB  - The biotransformation of the R and S isomers of warfarin was investigated in the
      rat. The formation of 7-hydroxywarfarin was stereoselective for the R enantiomer,
      while the formation of 4'-hydroxywarfarin was stereoselective for the S
      enantiomer. The 6-, 8-, and benzylic hydroxylation of both isomers was
      approximately the same. The reduction of the side chain ketone function of
      warfarin to the corresponding diastereomeric warfarin alcohols was
      stereoselective for the S isomer. The reduction also displayed a degree of
      stereospecificity with S reduction occurring predominantly. The results of the in
      vivo study agree in many cases with a previous in vitro investigation. However,
      differences between the in vitro and in vivo studies do exist and suggest that
      secondary stereoselective biotransformation routes occur in vivo and that the
      microsomal and soluble enzymes employed in the in vitro study may have been
      disrupted during isolation. Large amounts of polar labile conjugates of R and S
      warfarin, and metabolites were found in the urine. The 4-hydroxyl group of the
      coumarin ring appears to be the position of conjugation and this process appears
      to be regio and stereoselective.

PMID- 981785
TI  - Drug interactions in the horse: effect of furosemide on plasma and urinary levels
      of phenylbutazone.
AB  - Horses pretreated with 6.6 mg/kg of phenylbutazone were injected with 1 mg/kg of
      furosemide intravenously. Furosemide had no clinically significant effect on
      either plasma levels or plasma half-life of phenylbutazone. Furosemide reduced
      urinary levels of phenylbutazone 18-fold to concentrations which may result in
      inconsistent drug detection in routine screening tests. The results show that it
      is not possible to monitor compliance with phenylbutazone medication rules by
      means of urinalysis alone if the use of furosemide is permitted. Furosemide
      treatment, however, does not interfere with monitoring by plasma level
      determinations.

PMID- 981786
TI  - Comparison of the drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver and kidneys from
      homozygous nude swiss, heterozygous normal swiss, homozygous normal Swiss and
      DBA/2 mice.
AB  - The hepatic and renal microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme systems were isolated
      from homozygous nude Swiss (nu/nu), heterozygous normal Swiss (nu/+), homozygous
      normal Swiss (+/+) and DBA/2 mice. Microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450
      concentrations were measured and the activity of ethylmorphine demethylase,
      aniline hydroxylase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase
      were determined. Hepatic microsomes from both experimental groups carrying the
      nude gene were able to metabolize aniline and ethylmorphine more rapidly (20% and
      36%, respectively) than the DBA/2 or Swiss homozygous normal mice. No difference
      between test groups was observed for hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase or UDP
      glucuronyl transferase activity. Kidney microsomes from mice carrying the nude
      gene had approximately twice the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity of the
      other two experimental groups. Renal mixed-function oxidase pathways measured for
      the homozygous nude mouse showed a higher overall rate of activity than the other
      three experimental groups. No significant difference in renal UDP-glucuronyl
      transferase was observed between mouse groups.

PMID- 981787
TI  - Pine oil toxicity in the horse: drug detection, residues and pathological
      changes.
AB  - This report concerns the detection and acute toxicity of pine oil (a commercially
      available disinfectant) after intravenous administration in horses. alpha
      Terpineol was identified as a major constituent of pine oil. alpha Terpineol was
      recovered from equine tissues by extraction into heptane and detected by gas
      chromatography, using either flame ionization detection or pentafluoropropionic
      anhydride derivatization and electron capture detection. After intravenous
      injection of 0.1 ml/kg, death due to massive pulmonary edema occurred within
      minutes. In this animal blood and tissue levels of alpha-terpineol of between 150
      and 300 ppm were observed. After smaller doses of pine oil (0.033 ml/kg), horses
      survived until euthanized up to 48 hours later. Blood levels of alpha-terpineol
      became undetectable in one of these animals after 2 hours, and no tissue levels
      were detected at postmortem. Marked histopathological changes were seen in the
      lungs of animals which survived the initial injection period. It appears that
      after intravenous injection of pine oil in horses lesions are largely related to
      the respiratory tract, and the mechanism of death is acute pulmonary edema.

PMID- 981788
TI  - Toxicologic studies of tin needles at the intrathoracic site of mice.
AB  - Male Marsh mice which received a single intrathoracic injection of 4 mg of tin
      needles at 3 months of age were compared with controls given isotonic saline. The
      form and size of most of the tin needles were similar to those of asbestos
      needles which produced mesotheliomas and lung neoplasms in rodents. Water and
      food intake was markedly reduced for 24 hrs after the injection of tin. Survival
      rates (followed for 19 months), pathology of the bladder, liver, and kidney, as
      well as local and general cancer development were not adversely associated with
      the tin treatment as compared with the tin treatment as compared with controls.
      The local reaction to the tin included giant cell phagocytosis, nodular
      fibroplasia, and capillary formation. The failure of the tin needles to induce
      local neoplasms may relate to their high density as compared with silicates
      and/or their lack of the unique potential of the silicate particles to stimulate
      avascular fibrosis.

PMID- 981789
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method for determination of theophylline in plasma and
      saliva by high pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A fast and sensitive high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the
      monitoring of theophylline concentrations in plasma or saliva was developed. Each
      sample requires only about 15 minutes for the completion of the assay after
      receiving the plasma or saliva sample. Only 0.1 ml of sample is required, and
      concentrations as low as 1 mcg/ml can be accurately measured.

PMID- 981790
TI  - Rapid fluorometric analysis of unbound salicylate in whole blood.
AB  - A method has been developed for the analysis of unbound salicylate by membrane
      cone ultrafiltration of either whole blood or plasma with quantitation by
      spectrofluorometry. The method was used to study the distribution of salicylate
      in whole blood over a wide range of concentrations. It was found that at a
      concentration of 50 ug/ml in whole blood only 9% of the salicylate is present as
      free drug in the plasma water, while at a concentration of 500 ug/ml, 23% is
      free. At concentrations exceeding 500 ug/ml the plasma protein binding sites
      appear to be fully satrated since the free drug concentration increases linearly
      with respect to the whole blood concentration. Changes in hematocrit have a
      relatively minor effect on the ultrafiltrate salicylate concentration. The
      blood/plasma salicylate concentration ratio was found to vary widely over the
      blood salicylate range studied, 50-1000 ug/ml.

PMID- 981791
TI  - Effect of propranolol on rat brain norepinephrine in vitro.
AB  - At a 10(-5) to 10(-3) molar concentration range, 1-, d1- and d-propranolol were
      equipotent to progressively inhibit the uptake of 3H-NE into chopped rat cerebral
      cortex tissue. Similar concentrations of 1- and d1-, but not d-, propranolol
      significantly increased the amount of total deaminated catabolites (deaminated,
      deaminated-O-methylated) of 3H-NE; however, 10(-3) molar 1-, d1- and d
      propranolol were required to increase the release of 3H-NE from rat brain in
      vitro.

PMID- 981792
TI  - Increased phenytoin metabolism in rabbits after phenytoin pretreatment.
AB  - The serum half-life of phenytoin in rabbits after a single intravenous dose was
      significantly shortened by pretreating the rabbits with daily oral doses of
      phenytoin. This suggests that in vivo phenytoin induces its own metabolism.

PMID- 981793
TI  - Effect of naproxen on protein binding of warfarin in human serum.
AB  - The effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent naproxen on the protein
      binding of racemic warfarin in pooled human serum was determined by equilibrium
      dialysis. The free fraction of warfarin in serum increased practically linearly
      with increasing naproxen concentration. At the highest naproxen concentration
      tested (400 mcg/ml), the warfarin free fraction was 74% larger than the control
      free fraction value.

PMID- 981794
TI  - Binding of labeled N-methyl N-nitrosourea to macromolecules of squamous and
      glandular stomach of rats.
AB  - The binding of labeled N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (3H-MNU) to macromolecules of
      squamous and glandular stomach of rats, that were either pretreated with N-methyl
      N-nitrosourea (MNU) for different periods or without pretreatment, is studied.
      The results showed no significant difference in the binding of labeled carcinogen
      to DNA and RNA of the two portions of stomach. However, a significant increase
      was noted in the incorporated 3H-MNU in proteins of glandular stomach with or
      without pretreatment with MNU. From these studies it is implied that carcinogenic
      effect of MNU may be through interaction with some other molecule(s) rather than
      with nucleic acids and/or proteins.

PMID- 981795
TI  - Detection of nucleic acid-protein complexes by equilibrium ultracentrifugation.
AB  - Formation of complexes between yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA and phenylalanyl
      aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase is shown to occur under equilibrium conditions
      in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The technique of equilibrium sedimentation
      should be useful for the detection of transient associations between proteins and
      nucleic acids when only small amounts of unlabeled, but highly purified,
      materials are available.

PMID- 981796
TI  - Concentration of inactivated swine influenza virus by molecular filtration for
      use as a vaccine in gilts before and after breeding.
AB  - Inactivated swine influenza virus was concentrated by molecular filtration for
      use as a vaccine in gilts before and after breeding. The best serologic response
      followed the use of two 5 ml doses three weeks apart before breeding. Vaccination
      with two 5 ml doses two weeks apart after breeding did not result in as marked
      serologic response. All vaccinated gilts produced detectable hemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) antibody.

PMID- 981797
TI  - Lactic dehydrogenase of fetal ear fluids under ambient and high-intensity sound.
AB  - Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined in the fluids of the inner ear scalae
      and the middle ear cavity of fetal guinea pigs near term. Scalar dissimilarities
      in prenatal perilymph and distinctions between fetal and maternal perilymph
      suggest functional differentiation between the antenatal scalae vestibuli and
      tympani, elevated glycolytic activity in the prenatal vestibular channel and
      primarily aerobic processes in fetal perilymph although anaerobic metabolism is
      also evident. Disparities between fetal middle ear fluid and prenatal perilymph
      as well as maternal serum indicate that the former medium is probably not
      directly derived from either of the latter sources. After experimental treatment
      consisting of the presentation of high-intensity sound to gravid animals, the
      total LDH activity of the fetal middle ear fluid decreased.

PMID- 981798
TI  - The glycolytic effect of 1-epinephrine and nor-epinephrine on the liver of the
      chick embryo.
AB  - The glycolytic effect of 1-epinephrine and nor-epinephrine administered in-ovo
      for two hours on the liver of the chick embryo is reported. 1-epinephrine was
      more glycolytic than nor-epinephrine throughout the study. The glycolytic effect
      of 1-epinephrine was dosage-dependent throughout the study while nor-epinephrine
      brought about dosage-dependent liver-glycogen-depletion only in the nine day
      embryo.

PMID- 981799
TI  - Induction of rat hepatic mixed function monooxygenases by levamisole.
AB  - The effects of levamisole administration (20 mg/kg, i.p. daily for 10 days) on
      various parameters of hepatic microsomal metabolism in the famale rat were
      examined. Levamisole pretreatment resulted in significant increases over control
      values in the metabolism of aminopyrine and aniline in vitro, and in microsomal
      content of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5.

PMID- 981800
TI  - Prolongation of responses in decentralization supersensitivity.
AB  - In chronically decentralized nictitating membranes of cats the responses to
      norepinephrine and to acetylcholine were markedly prolonged. The increased
      duration was not directly related to the increased amplitude of the contractions.
      It is likely to be due to a change of the muscle itself.

PMID- 981801
TI  - Effect of chronic glucagon-administration on the digestive and absorptive
      function of rat small intestine in vivo.
AB  - Endogeneous hyperglucagonemia is observed in experimental diabetes mellitus and
      semistarvation, conditions associated with an increased intestinal absorptive
      function. To examine whether glucagon might exert a similar adaptive response on
      intestinal digestive-absorptive function like experimental diabetes mellitus the
      effect of chronic glucagon administration on intestinal transport of 3-0-methyl-D
      glucose, water, sodium, potassium, and D-glucose induced transmural potential
      difference (PD) was examined by an in vivo perfusion technique in rat small
      intestine. Chronic administration of glucagon (100 mug twice daily) for 5 days
      resulted in increased absorption of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, water, sodium and
      potassium as well as in an increase of D-glucose induced PD. A similar, but more
      pronounced augmentation of D-glucose induced PD was observed in the jejunum of
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Disaccharidase (maltase, sucrase, trehalase,
      lactase) and alkaline phosphatase activities were not affected in intestinal
      mucosa of glucagon-treated rats compared to controls. It cannot be decided from
      these results whether hyperglucagonemia is responsible for the adaptive
      intestinal changes observed in experimental diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 981802
TI  - Activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in different parts of the
      circulatory system in man.
AB  - In 24 patients without liver disease lipids and LCAT activity were determined in
      the inferior vena cava, the hepatic vein, the pulmonary vein and in the left
      ventricle. The total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesterol ester
      concentrations are identical and differences in the LCAT activity cannot be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 981803
TI  - Excretion of liver antigens in the urine of patients with hepatic diseases.
AB  - Liver antigens were detected in the urine of 4 of 42 patients with various liver
      diseases. The urine of 25 healthy subjects and patients with diseases not
      affecting the liver was devoid of antigens in detectable amounts. The presence of
      hepatic antigens in the urine did not correlate with severity of jaundice and
      SGOT levels but correlated with parenchymal necrosis and was associtated with a
      high mortaltiy.

PMID- 981804
TI  - [The value of the thermocouple in the measurement of the gastric mucosal blood
      flow. The influence of the occlusion of the celiac artery and prostaglandin E1 on
      the gastric mucosal blood flow. An experimental study in animals (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The study has been carried out to ensure the positive evidence of the measurement
      of the gastric mucosal blood-flow with the aid of the thermocouple (heat
      clearance technique). The experiments have shown that the suction pressure of 600
      mm mercury column which was used to fix the Thermocouple to the mucosa was
      indispensable in order to assess the blood-flow in the entire depth of the
      mucosa. Changes in the mucosal blood-flow are measuured at the same rate in all
      quadrants of the gastric corpus. The measuring of the blood-flow of a well
      circumscribed area of the mucosa is therefore representative for the entire
      corpus. Vasopressin led to a significant reduction of the gastric mucosal blood
      flow measured with heat-clearance as well aminopyrine-clearance. There was a
      linear correlation between the results of both methods. Vasopressin selectively
      reduces the blood-flow of the gastric mucosa but not of the submucosa, the
      muscular layer and the serosa. Therefore it seems to be probable that changes in
      mucosal blood-flow selectively can be measured with the aid of the thermocouple.
      After previous stimulation with pentagastrin neither mucosal blood-flow nor acid
      secretion of the stomach were influenced by the occlusion of the celiac artery by
      25 %. The occlusion of the celiac artery by 50 % reduced significantly the
      pentagastrin-stimulated gastric mucosal blood-flow whereas the acid secretion was
      not influenced. Prostaglandin E1 at a dose rate of 2 mug/kg-h increased
      significantly arterial and mucosal blood-flow as well as acid secretion of the
      stomach. In comparison PGE1 administered at a dose rate of 4 mug/kg-h reduced
      significantly gastric mucosal blood-flow and gastric secretion. PGE1 at a dose
      rate of 8 mug/kg-h did not produce any significant changes in blood-flow and
      secretion. The results suggested that the changes of gastric secretion observed
      with PGE1 were the consequence of primary changes in the gastric mucosal blood
      flow.

PMID- 981805
TI  - Metabolism of maltose during surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus under
      general anesthesia.
AB  - During a surgical operation under general anesthesia, maltose was administered at
      a rate of 1g/kg BW to 9 diabetic and 18 non-diabetic patients. The disappearance
      curve of maltose from blood was similar between diabetics and non-diabetics.
      Blood sugar tended to rise but no significant difference was found between the
      two groups. Lactic acid and pyruvic acid showed a tendency toward a rise, but the
      change was non-significant. NEFA and uric acid failed to change. Urinary
      excretion of maltose was not different between diabetics and non-diabetics. After
      120 min., urinary excretion of maltose was similar between the two groups, but
      excretion as glucose was greater in the diabetic group.

PMID- 981806
TI  - [Changes of triglycerid-fatty acids in healthy volunteers during acute ethanol
      ingestion with and without blocking peripheral lipolysis (author's transl)].
AB  - This investigation decided to answer the question of the origin of fatty acids
      for the increased synthesis of triglycerides in acute ethanol-induced
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Healthy persons ingested 0.5 g of ethanol/kg body weight
      initially and 0,15 g of ethanol/kg and hour for 12 hours. The fatty acids of
      plasma triglycerides were determined before and after ingestion of ethanol in
      persons fasting and nourished isocaloricaly, with and without blocking peripheral
      lipolysis by nicotinic acid and with addition of glucose. The fasting persons
      triglycerides fatty acids increased to 165.7 % of the initial value after 12
      hours of ethanol ingestion, with a preferential increase in palmitic-, oleic- and
      stearic acid. When lipolysis in adipose tissue was blocked by 0.5 g of nicotinic
      adic/hour the triglyceride-fatty acids reached only 116.2% after 12 hours, with a
      decrease in oleic acid, which is present in adipose tissue to a higher degree
      than in plasma triglycerides. When nourished isocaloricaly, the enhancement of
      plasma triglyceride-fatty acids could not be suppressed by nicotinic acid. The
      changes in concentration and pattern of triglyceride-fatty acids announce that
      the fatty acids used for increased synthesis of triglycerides in fasting persons
      come from adipose tissue preferentially. In contrast ethanol-ingested
      hyperlipoproteinemia during ingestion of a food which cannot be suppressed by
      nicotinic acid, seems to orginate from fatty acids of the food and for de novo
      synthesis of fatty acids in the liver.

PMID- 981807
TI  - Rat gastric mucosal oxygen tension, ulcer index, plasma gastrin and glucagon
      following restraint stress. Influence of vagotomy, splanchnicotomy and exogenous
      secretin.
AB  - Restraint stress ulcers in rats were developed and procedures evaluated designed
      at preservation of intact gastric microcirculation (pO2). Neither prior truncal
      vagotomy, splanchnicotomy nor combined dissection of abdominal autonomic nerves
      were effective in preventing the stress mediated fall of mucosal pO2 and the rise
      in plasma glucagon. The ulcer index remained elevated and gastrin essentially was
      unchanged. Prophylactic injection of increasing doses (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 U/kg
      secretin maintained microcirculation at pO2-levels subnormal for unstressed
      animals (Vmax 15.53 mm Hg; Km. 0.99 U/kg), but simultaneously brought about a
      continuous rise in serum gastrin. Up to 8 U/kg plasma glucagon was higher than in
      saline control groups reaching a peak value with 2 U/kg when ucler index showed
      its nadir. Secretin therapy (4, 8 U/kg) markedly improves both mucosal pO2 and
      ulcer index. It is suggested that breakdown of gastric microcirculation may not
      be solely responsible for stress ulcer development.

PMID- 981808
TI  - [Transformation of monocytes into fibroblasts in wound healing (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Recent investigations of HELPAP and CREMER 1972 seem to confirm the supposition
      of COHNHEIM 1867 that monocytes of the peripheral blood are transformed into
      firbroblasts in healing wounds. The view of VIRCHOW 1871, MARCHAND 1901 and
      ASCHOFF 1924 that the fibroblasts in healing wounds are of local origin seems to
      be supported by the invesigation on parabiotic inbred rats of ROSS et al. 1970.
      We thought that irradiating the whole body of rabbits could be of value in
      resolving these apparent contradictions about the origin of fibroblasts in
      healing wounds.

PMID- 981809
TI  - Induction of nephrotoxic nephritis with purified antibody: preparation,
      properties and assay of antibody.
AB  - Antibody to rabbit glomerular basement membrane was separated from whole
      antiserum by adsorption onto and elution from rabbit glomeruli in vitro. The
      physico-chemical and biological properties were investigated. The preparation had
      a high specific activity for the GBM and induced glomerulonephritis on injection
      into rabbits. About 10% of the antibody localised in the kidneys of rabbits and
      the total in vitro and in vivo tissue binding capacity were comparable. Based on
      these results a simple in vitro assay for measuring anti-GBM antibody is
      described.

PMID- 981810
TI  - [On the mechanisms of biliary excretion of the biliary contrast medium
      ioglycamide in the mini-pig with special regard of the importance of the bile
      flow (author's transl)].
AB  - 16 experiments were performed in order to investigate the mechanisms of biliary
      excretion of Ioglycamide in the mini-pig. The results confirm the mechanisms
      known from other species for this experimental animal. Additionally, however,
      they demonstrate a significant linear correlation between the spontaneous bile
      flow and the biliary transport-maximum of Ioglycamide. It is concluded that this
      correlation is due to the fact that the bile flow as well as the transport
      maximum represent independent parameters of the excretory capacity of the liver
      cells. This conclusion is supported by further experiments that were unable to
      show an improvement of the biliary transport-maximum of Ioglycamide by
      stimulation of the bile flow during infusions of bile acids and secretin. These
      results prove the impossibility to enhance the biliary excretion of Ioglycamide
      by stimulation of bile flow. This, however, indicates that it is possible to
      dilute or concentrate the biliary Ioglycamide concentration by induced variations
      of bile flow, a fact that might become important to improve the efficiency of
      i.v. cholegraphy.

PMID- 981811
TI  - Inactivation of contraction as a determinant of the length-active tension
      relation in heart muscle of the cat.
AB  - In isometrically contracting isolated cat papillary muscles, the mechanism
      determining the reduction in active tension (P) at lengths (L) below the optimal
      length (Lmax) for maximal tension development (Pmax) was studied. Increasing
      [Ca2+] from 1.25 to 5 mM, paired electrical stimulation and caffeine augmented P
      O/max by 77,61 and 23% respectively, as well as the tension developed at any
      given length on the ascending limb of the length-active tension relation. To see
      whether below Lmax the degree of activation is dependent on length, these length
      active tension relations were expressed as P/Pmax relative to L/Lmax where Pmax
      and Lmax in each inotropic state was 100%. These normalized length-active tension
      relations were not altered by different [Ca2+]o, but shifted upward and to the
      left by caffeine and paired stimulation. The effects of elevating [Ca2+] on the
      length-active tension relation suggests that restoring forces and fixed internal
      loads are not an important factor in decreasing active tension at short lengths.
      The effects of caffeine and paired stimulation support the view that in cardiac
      muscle inactivitation of contraction is a major factor determining the fall in
      active tension at decreasing length.

PMID- 981812
TI  - [Muscle metabolism of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, and glycerol at rest
      and during electrically stimulated exercise in the perfused rat hind limb
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of insulin on muscle metabolism at rest and during electrically
      stimulated exercise was examined in the perfused rat hind limb. Basal glucose
      uptake of muscle tissue was enhanced threefold both by muscle contraction an by
      addition of physiological amounts of insulin. A further increase in glucose
      uptake was seen, when muscle was exercised in the presence of insulin. Lactate
      production rose 7 - 8fold by contractions. Insulin had no additional effect on
      lactate production during exercise. The work-induced lactate output exceeded
      glucose uptake, corresponding to a significantly reduced glycogen content after
      exercise. Basal lipolysis was not stimulated by muscle contractions. At rest the
      addition of both corticosterone and thyroxine did not increase the basal
      lipolysis. Yet, glycerol release rose twofold by the addition of serum to the
      perfusion medium. It is assumed that in the perfused rat hind limb glycogenolysis
      will promptly be stimulated by muscle contractions, whereas lipolysis can not be
      enhanced by exercise alone.

PMID- 981813
TI  - [The effect of dopamin on the microcirculation on the pancreas in hemorrhagic
      shock (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of Dopamine on microcirculation during hemorrhagic shock was
      investigated by means of the pancreas chamber technique (HEISIG, 1967). Parameter
      of microcirculation was the corpuscular flow velocity measured with the "flying
      spot" method. Simultaneously arterial and venous blood pressure, heart rate,
      blood gases and pH-status were registered. While a Dopamine-dosage of 5
      mug/kg/min did not markedly effect perfusion of the pancreas, application of 10
      as well as 20 mug/kg/min Dopamine caused a significant improvement of
      microcirculation. There was no difference between 10 and 20 mug/kg/min Dopamine.
      The increase of capillary perfusion can certainly not be explained by the small
      rise of blood pressure that was found under treatment with Dopamine. The results
      support the statement of the existence of Dopamine-specific receptors in
      pancreatic vessels. Compared to a group of animals treated with 5 mug/kg/min
      Dopamine and an untreated control group, survival rate of animals treated with 10
      as well as 20 mug/kg/min Dopamine was significantly increased.

PMID- 981814
TI  - The consequences of ischaemia after mechanical obstruction of the dog ileum.
AB  - A mechanical obstruction was produced in the dog ileum, and four days later, loop
      of intestine above and below the occlusion were subjected to one hour's
      ischaemia. This led to widespread morphological and functional damage of the
      epithelium, indistinguishable from the response of the normal intestine. The
      recovery of the mucosa of both loops after the ischaemia followed exactly the
      same pattern as when there was no occlusion superimposed: The transport capacity
      for phenylalanine in vitro was entirely restored, whereas that of beta-methyl
      glucoside, together with oxygen consumption and lactate production, remained
      depressed; morphometric examination revealed that the recuperating mucosa had
      smaller villi, shorter crypts and smaller epithelial cells than the contiguous
      untouched tissue. These results suggest that the regenerative potential of the
      crypts could not be obliterated by one hour's ischaemia, either in the presence
      of a noxious obstruction fluid above the occlusion, or in the atrophic mucosa
      below it.

PMID- 981815
TI  - [Temperature dependence of metabolic processes in perfused rat liver (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The temperature dependence of various metabolic processes (glycolysis,
      fructolysis, glycogenolysis, ketogenesis, CO2-production, oxidative
      decarboxylation of pyruvate and gluconeogenesis) was studied in perfused rat
      livers. The processes measured differed with respect to their temperature
      dependence. Moreover, the sensitivity towards changes in temperature differed
      depending on the temperature range. Q10 values were found between 1,7 and 25
      corresponding to values for activation energies between 38 and 216 kJoule/Mol.

PMID- 981816
TI  - Effects of an i. v. injection of ethyl palmitate emulsion on nucleic acids and
      fat content of the liver.
AB  - In experiments with rats "chemically" splenectomized by an i.v. ethyl palmitate
      injection the possible side effects on the liver were followed. In the liver
      proteins, DNA, RNA, esterified fatty acids, and in blood serum transaminases were
      assessed. In all examinations the variances were only temporary and could be
      characterized as manifestations of a metabolic load rather than actual liver
      damage.

PMID- 981817
TI  - [Reaction of the cardio-respiratory-system following acetylcholine inhalation and
      the dependency from the body position on anaesthetised dogs (author's transl)].
AB  - The bronchomotoric reaction following ACH-aerosol in low concentrations is
      dependend on the position of the body on dogs. Up till one maximal reaction the
      increase of the airway resistance is always stronger in the lateral position.
      Nevertheless the breathing minute volume is constant. Concentration reaction
      curves will be shown. Arterial blood gases, heart rate, and pressure in the
      arteria femoralis were also measured. The different strongness of the reaction
      following ACH-inhalation will be caused by the predominantely unilateral
      ventilation of the animals in the lateral position.

PMID- 981818
TI  - [Some mechanical properties of the pig aorta (author's transl)].
AB  - In a machine for tensile tests the ultimate strength, stress and strain of the
      aorta ascendens of 47 female pigs (German landrace) at three different regions of
      the vessel wall were determined. The animals were fattened under identical
      conditions in a progeny testing station and slaughtered at the same living weight
      (102 +/- 2 kg). Weak regressions of body weight and age on parameters measured
      were nevertheless accounted for. The average elastin content of the aorta
      ascendens diminished with advancing age but was not significantly correlated to
      biomechanical properties of the three single samples. Maximum load, stress and
      modulus of vessel wall segment I (stamped out nearer to the heart) was greater
      than in sample II. These circumferential segments however exhibited highly
      stronger biomechanical resistance than sample III, which was stamped
      longitudinally. In samples I and II there was a negative correlation between
      thickness of the wall and ultimate tensile stress (N/mm2). Freezing of the
      material prior to test at -18degrees C for one week resulted in a significant
      rise in ultimate tensile strength and stress. The meaning of these findings for
      comparative angiology is discussed.

PMID- 981819
TI  - Thrombus formation and microaggregate removal during prolonged extracorporeal
      circulation using a capillary membrane oxygenator. A scanning electron microscope
      study.
AB  - Despite adequate heparinization, thrombus formation occurs at the blood/foreign
      material interface. Depending on the part of the device, the material and the
      blood flow, the amount and the components of thrombi vary greatly. This is not
      dangerous by itself but clots can be expelled downstream and damage the lungs,
      brain, kidney and retina. Interposition of a filter may prevent risks of
      embolization. The present paper reports the scanning electron microscope study
      carried out on the Awad oxygenator after use during prolonged extracorporeal
      circulation on 13 dogs. No filter has been inserted in the circuit for the first
      six experiments. A screen filter (4) or a polyurethane foam filter (3) was
      employed in the following ones.

PMID- 981820
TI  - Worker reentry safety. VI. Occupational health aspects of exposure to pesticide
      residues.

PMID- 981821
TI  - Worker reentry safety. VII. A medical overview of reentry periods and the use of
      urinary alkyl phosphates in human pesticide monitoring.

PMID- 981822
TI  - Worker reentry safety. VIII. The determination of urinary metabolites--an index
      of human and animal exposure to nonpersistent pesticides.

PMID- 981823
TI  - Worker reentry safety. IX. Techniques of determining safe reentry intervals for
      organophosphate-treated cotton fields.

PMID- 981824
TI  - Estimation of contact time and diffusing capacity for oxygen in the
      chorioallantoic vascular plexus.
AB  - The contact time of erythrocyte in the chorioallantioc capillaries of chicken
      embryos was estimated by referring to the oxygenation rate measured with a
      microphotometer. The chorioallantioc membrane was excised from an incubated egg
      and the SO2 of blood in it's capillary was changed by varying the gas composition
      around the membrane from the venous blood PO2 level to the air space gas. The
      oxygenation time (te) required to attain the level of arterialized blood SO2 was
      measured as the contact time (tc) in the capillaries, which resulted in 0.87,
      0.74, 0.57, 0.49 and 0.36 sec for 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 days of incubation,
      respectively. The obtained te value coincided with the contact time calculated
      from the CO diffusing capacity referring to the reaction rate of CO with
      oxygenated erythrocyte. Using the te value, the diffusing capacity for O2 in the
      chorioallantoic capillary was calculated; 1.1, 2.2, 4.4, 6.0 and 6.6 x 10(-3) ml
      min-1 - mm Hg-1 for the same incubation days as above. The capillary blood volume
      (Vc) was also estimated, which increased from about 16 to 35 mul during
      development from 10 to 18 days. The values of DO2 and Vc converted per kg weight
      of embryo at the days near hatching were similar to those per kg body weight
      estimated in human lung.

PMID- 981825
TI  - Cardiac output determination by simple one-step rebreathing technique.
AB  - We have developed a rebreathing technique for measuring cardiac output in resting
      or exercising subjects. The data needed are the subject's CO2 dissociation curve,
      the initial volume and CO2 fraction of the rebreathing bag, and a record of CO2
      at the mouth during the maneuver. From these one can obtain all the values
      required to solve the Fick equation. The combined error due to inaccuracy in
      reading the tracings and to the simplifying assumptions was found to be small
      (mean = 0.5%, SD ;.5%). Cardiac output values determined with this technique in
      normal subjects were on the average 2% higher than those obtained simultaneously
      with an acetylene rebreathing method (n = 49, SD = 11%). Among the advantages of
      the technique are that it requires analysis of a single gas, takes less than
      thirty seconds per determination, allows one to obtain repeated measurements at
      rapid intervals, is not affected by the ability of lung tissue to store CO2, and
      eliminates many of the assumptions usually made in non-invasive measurements of
      cardiac output.

PMID- 981826
TI  - Stress at the pleural surface.
AB  - The transmission of forces between the visceral and parietal pleural is modelled
      as being mediated by two distinct pathways: (a) a contact pressure (Pcon) acting
      on an area of contact (Acon) and (2) a pleural liquid pressure (Pliq) acting on
      the area of liquid anfractuosities (Aliq). Summation of the forces yields a new
      equation relating pleural surface pressure (Ppl) to Pcon, Acon, Pliq, and Aliq. A
      complete solution of the equation is restricted by present limitations on
      measurement technology. However, assuming that the volume of pleural liquid is
      constant during tidal breathing, analysis of the model explains the findings that
      tidal swings in Pliq (deltaPliq) are sometimes greater than tidal swings in Ppl
      (deltaPpl). It also predicts that the influence of a change of lung elastic
      recoil on Pliq may be different in magnitude than its effect on Ppl. Therefore
      deltaPliq is not necessarily equivalent to deltaPpl.

PMID- 981827
TI  - 'Exponential peeling' of ventilatory transients following inhalation of 5, 6 and
      7% CO2.
AB  - The 'exponential peeling' technique has been applied to minute ventilation and
      tidal volume transients occurring after the abrupt removal of 7, 6 and 5% CO2 in
      inspired air. These transients, in many cases, were found to be composed of three
      exponential components, each contributing to the total ventilatory response and
      each having individual time responses. Gelfand and Lambertsen (1973) have
      attributed these components to the peripheral chemoreceptors as a group and to
      two central chemoreceptors. Statistical analysis to determine the constancy of
      the contribution of the three components over the range of CO2 values studied
      showed that, although the values for each at the different stimulus levels were
      not significantly different, the great subject-to-subject variation in the data
      precluded a firm conclusion about the constancy of the components. Because of a
      number of considerations it was concluded that exponential peeling of respiratory
      transients following abrupt removal of CO2 inhalation is not a satisfactory way
      to approach the problem of the numbers, relative contributions and time responses
      of the various receptor groups comprising the respiratory controller.

PMID- 981828
TI  - [D-penicillamine].

PMID- 981829
TI  - [Use of Tc-99m in the detection of inflammatory joint diseases].

PMID- 981830
TI  - [Polycardiographic assessment of myocardial changes in systemic lupus
      erythematosus].

PMID- 981831
TI  - [Polyacyrlamide gel separation of serum proteins in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 981832
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium indices prior to and following loading tests in children
      having undergone rheumatic fever].

PMID- 981833
TI  - [Clinical analysis of lumbar spondylosis].

PMID- 981834
TI  - [Bone biopsy: Indications and technics].

PMID- 981835
TI  - [Cell-mediated immunity changes following thymectomy performed for myasthenia
      gravis with signs of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 981836
TI  - [Case of Weber-Christain syndrome].

PMID- 981837
TI  - [Loefgren syndrome without erythema nodosum].

PMID- 981839
TI  - [Incidence of tuberculosis in bovines slaughtered for meat and milk in the Rastro
      de Ferreria. Importance in public health].

PMID- 981838
TI  - [Effect of diphenoxylate on the intestinal flora of the rat].

PMID- 981840
TI  - [Aerobic and anaerobic flora of patients with respiratory diseases].

PMID- 981841
TI  - [New list of species of anopheles from Mexico (Culicidae: Diptera)].

PMID- 981842
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological aspects of scorpion sting in a hyperendemic area].

PMID- 981843
TI  - [Wegener's granulomatosis. Anatomo-clinical study of 2 cases of fulminating
      origin].

PMID- 981844
TI  - [Application of the systems theory to the concept of mean arterial pressure].

PMID- 981845
TI  - [Determination of antithyroglobulin antibodies: their significance in thyroid
      pathology].

PMID- 981846
TI  - [Determination of antimicrosomal thyroid antibodies: their significance in
      thyroid pathology].

PMID- 981847
TI  - [Significance, of the determination of cytotoxic antibodies for thyroid cells in
      thyroid pathology].

PMID- 981848
TI  - [Pharmacologic properties of heterocyclic cardiotonic agents].

PMID- 981849
TI  - [Indications and principle contraindications for cardiotonic agents].

PMID- 981850
TI  - [Digitalis poisoning].

PMID- 981851
TI  - [Plasma levels of cardiotonic agents].

PMID- 981852
TI  - [Methods of cardiotonic therapy in adults].

PMID- 981853
TI  - [Cardiac decompensation and therapy with cardiotonic agents in children].

PMID- 981854
TI  - [Chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 981855
TI  - [Hematological and clinical aspects of neonatal septicemia].

PMID- 981856
TI  - [Diagnostic approach to hematuria in children].

PMID- 981857
TI  - [Hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants].

PMID- 981858
TI  - [Anatomoclinical and angiographic study of a case of disseminated thromboangiosis
      with predominant cerebral manifestations].
AB  - The authors describe the case of a patient of 22 with hypertension and livedo
      reticularis who, after presenting with a left brachial monoparesis became
      progressively demented over a period of five years and died at the age of 27 from
      a cerebro-meningeal haemorrhage. Angiographically, diffuse distal obliteration of
      the cerebral arteries was seen with deep networks of the moyamoya type involving
      the lenticulostriate arteries; similar changes were present in the upper left
      limb. Histopathological investigations showed obliterative thromboangiitis
      affecting not only the cerebrum, the brain stem and the cerebellum, but also the
      viscera. Analysis of this case and consideration of the theoretical possibilities
      leads the authors to urge that thromboangiosis together with its cerebral
      manifestations should be considered a nosological entity.

PMID- 981859
TI  - [Nature of the curves of the cranial vault and their relationship with various
      brain structures].
AB  - A radiometric investigation for various angles of two dry craniums and of the
      encephalographic or cerebral arteriographic pictures of 250 subjects has revealed
      the following facts: The architectural lines of the dome of the skull found by
      orthogonal projection of the profile, from the front, and in vertical projection,
      are hyperbolic spirals starting from the base of the skull and converging on the
      sphenoid. These lines join up in the parietal region forming a hyperbole. The
      frontal spiral is a simple hyperbolic spiral. The temporal spiral is of the
      lituus type. The axes of these lines converge in a frontal plane on the
      epiphysis. The axis of the parietal hyperbole on a projection of the profile
      passes through the epiphysis and is followed by the parietal artery. Central
      cranio-encephalic formations follow the same spiral path. The contour of the
      upper edge of the cerebellum is a lituus spiral. The outline of the lower part of
      the cerebellum is a simple hyperbolic spiral. The right side of the polar origins
      of a spiral plotted in the plane of the insula coincides with the right side of
      the opercula. It can always be plotted, in theory, and forms an angle of 22
      degrees 30' with the right side of the median frontal spiral. It cuts the axis of
      the parietal hyperbole at the apex of the insular triange. The bissector of the
      angle formed by the two right sides of the polar origins bissects the axis of the
      parietal hyperbole at a point corresponding to the epiphysis. The temporal
      hyperbolic lituus spiral has its focal point under the anterior, clinoid, at the
      junction of the segments CII and CIII of the carotid siphon the curve of which
      follows the convolutions of the temporal spiral. The right side of the polar
      origins of this curve indicates the mean direction of the posterior cerebral. The
      contours of the corpus callosum are homothetic with those of the dome of the
      skull as far as the axis of the parietal hyperbole. The frontal and parietal
      curves converge according to four types in the main Pacchionian granulations. The
      sections of the frontal spiral are often marked by bone abnormalities on the
      internal table. This analytic test is invariably valid whatever the constants of
      the spirals or the eccentricities of the hyperboles. Combinations between spirals
      with different constants and hyperboles of various eccentricities amount to very
      many types which call for separate study.

PMID- 981860
TI  - [Cerebral cystercosis. 3. cases observed in the Paris area in immigrant workers].
AB  - The three cases described involve two Portugese patients and a Spaniard working
      in the Paris are who had presented with epilepsy, being focal in two. Diagnosis
      was made in two cases as a result of the existence of muscular and sub-cutaneous
      calcifications; in one case because of eosinophilia of the cerebro-spinal fluid.
      The clinical and therapeutic features of cerebral cysticercosis are recalled
      briefly in connection with these cases.

PMID- 981861
TI  - [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis occuring befor the age of 40 years. Remarks
      apropos of 25 cases].
AB  - Twenty-five cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis occurring before the age of
      40, collected between 1963 and 1973 in the Neurological Hospital, Lyons, have
      prompted the authors to make the following observations. -The incidence of
      disease seems to have been on the increase during this period both in absolute
      terms and relatively speaking (relative to the total number of patients
      hospitalized and to the total number of patients hospitalized for amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis after the age of forty). -The 25 cases involved mostly women-
      the opposite of what was found in cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      occurring after forty. -Only one was possibly familial. -The onset is mostly with
      purely pyramidal features or of the topographically circumscribed peripheral
      type. Development appears to take longer than the average for amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis. It would be worth while confirming these findings by analysis of other
      similar groups.

PMID- 981862
TI  - [Segmental muscular hypertrophy in Arnold-Chiari deformity associated with
      syringomyelia syndrome].
AB  - A case of Arnold-Chiari malformation plus syringomyelic syndrome with hypertrophy
      of upper left and lower right limbs is reported. The pathogenesis of this
      muscular hypertrophy is discussed. The authors retain the idea of an added
      malformation.

PMID- 981863
TI  - [Cognitive dysharmon. Dyspraxia, dysgnosia, dyschronia: anomalies of thought
      which make it possible to combat depressive anxiety].

PMID- 981864
TI  - [The parent-child relation as an object of psychotherapy].

PMID- 981865
TI  - [Language: from body space to semantic space. Daniel or the flies of language].

PMID- 981866
TI  - [The fear of the unknown and anxiety of the eighth month. Interpretation of
      behaviours in the frame of Piaget and psychoanalytic theories of the object].

PMID- 981867
TI  - [Affective deprivation].

PMID- 981868
TI  - [Leucocyanidol and circulatory pathology in contraception].

PMID- 981869
TI  - [The significance of estriol in gynecological practice].

PMID- 981870
TI  - [Elimination by heat of false positive reactions during the detection of
      Australia antigen by passive hemagglutination tests].
AB  - The detection of the HB'S Antigen by a reversed passive haemagglutination test
      (Hepanosticon) in sera previously heated at 56 degrees C for 30 mn, is simple and
      rapid but gives a relatively high number of false positive results. A simple
      technique is suggested by heating sera betwen 68 degrees C and 80 degrees C and
      then by centrifugation at 1.500 g for 15 mn, to eliminate these false positive
      results. The supernatants are tested in the Hepanosticon technique and only the
      true positive samples, cheked for specificity by other techniques namely
      radioimmuno assay (R.I.A.) remain positive. Further research is pursued to
      confirm these first data and to define the exact degree of sensibility of this
      technique.

PMID- 981871
TI  - [Post-tranfusional malaria in France].
AB  - A global review of the porblem of malaria accidentally transmitted by blood
      transfusion is reported in France during these ten last years. Biological and
      epidemiological studies of malariae are recorded. Among the factors involved in
      the transmission of malariae by blood transfuction, the persistence of the
      parasites in the donors is very important. It is often longer than usual in the
      subjects who have lived in endemic malarious areas for many years or are always
      travelling in these countries, because they are partly protected by their
      acquired immunity and may be carriers of asymptomatic infection. The viability of
      parasites in stored blood, red cells and preparations with platelets, leucocytes
      or plasma containing a few red cells with parasites is discussed. The prevention
      depended on the elimination of any blood donor who has ever had malaria appears
      to be the simplest method but it is also the most failible. The screening of
      donors by direct microscopy is obviously impracticable because of low density and
      often submicroscopic level of their parasitoemia. Screening donors by IFA test is
      the best method. If IFA test is negative four months after coming back from
      endemic areas and two months after ending suppressive therapeutic, whole blood,
      red cells, leucocytes, platelets and fresh plasma can be used on condition that
      the stay of donors in endemic areas had been not too long. If the stay in these
      countries was very long, blood will be only used for preparing lyophilized
      plasma, fibrinogen immunoglobulins or albumin.

PMID- 981872
TI  - [Clinical symptoms of transfusional malaria].
AB  - Tranfusional malaria in countries located outside zones of endemia is difficult
      to evidence because it is rarely aparent. The clinic can be compared to that of
      malaria through inoculation by anophele, but it can be difficult to evidence
      because of its intricacy with the symptomatology of the affection which justified
      the transfusion. Usually, it takes the appearance of a febril gastric problem,
      but it may have other aspects: intestinal, hepato-biliar, neurologic or
      hematologic symptoms. As soon as the diagnosis is established, it is easy to
      confirm by a cytologic test on peripheric blood and/or on bone marrow and
      specially by a sero diagnosis using immuno fluorescence.

PMID- 981873
TI  - [Prevention of post-transfusional malaria by sero-detection of latent Plasmodium
      carriers among blood donors].
AB  - The risks of post-transfusion malaria are becoming a worry and the sero
      investigation of latent carriers of plasmodium, among donors, is certainly the
      only efficient prophylactic measure. This is the result of an investigation
      carried out between October 1973 and February 1975 in 18 Blood Tranfusion Centres
      in France. Out of 2.997 sera studied in immuno-fluorescence of malaria, 3 to 5.2%
      of sero-positivity have been noticed, depending on the antigen used (P.
      falciparum, P. malariae and P. cynomolgi bastianellii). If the presence of
      fluorescent antibodies --  especially at weak titers --, does not mean
      compulsorily that the parasitemia persists, the serologic negativity leads to a
      diagnosis of exclusion. In this manner, the idea of a latent malaria is
      eliminated and one can determine precisely which bloods will be transfused
      without danger. But the required condition is that the sero-diagnosis of malaria
      be done on homologous antigens, which is, in spite of various technical
      difficulties, realizable in specialized laboratories. For material reasons, these
      tests cannot applied to all donors who have lived overseas. In return, it would
      be indubitably desired that these tests be done, among these donors, on subjects
      belonging to rare blood groups.

PMID- 981874
TI  - [Results of a survey on post-transfusional malaria in France between 1960 and
      1974].
AB  - This inquire demonstrated that transfusion malaria was not so rare as we thought.
      So 56 cases have been numbered between 1960 and 1974, and probably they do not
      reflect exactly the real situation. In our country, plasmodium falciparum,
      specifically responsible of the most serious accidents, is the form most
      frequently incriminated and its frequency increases among the years: 76,1% of the
      infects between 1970 and 1974. At last we have confirmed that a prevent of those
      accidents must consider as a subject any one having resided in an impaluded
      country, and that implies a constant knowledge of the epidemiologic map of this
      parisitism. This prevent will be increased so that the transfusion malaria will
      not get a illness disease in France.

PMID- 981875
TI  - [Trial serologic detection of Plasmodium carriers among blood donors of the
      Centre de Transfusion Sanguine de Marseiile].
AB  - This paper is a survey of possible reservoir hosts of Plasmodium among donors of
      the blood transfusion Center of Marseille, by IFA test with P. falciparum and P.
      cynomolgi bastianellii antigens. It was found 15,7 per cent of positivity among
      644 sera carefully selected during 6 months. Nord Africa and West Africa were the
      most dangerous countries, the former because of the great number of donors (332
      of 744), the later because of the high rate (15,8 per cent) of positivity. The
      incidence of the say (frequency and long time) in infested countries and the
      interval from tate (15,8 per cent) of positivity. The incidence of the stay
      (frequency and long time) in infested countries and the interval from the last
      infestation possibility to the IFA test are very important factors. A prevention
      scheme is proposed: The donors staying during a very long time in infested
      countries will generally be used only for preparing plasma fractions by ethanol
      precipitations. For the others donors the blood will be used for preparing whole
      blood, red cells, fresh or frozen plasma, platelets and leucocytes preparation,
      in which a few parasites can be present, inly if a IFA test is negative 4 months
      after their coming back in our country.

PMID- 981876
TI  - [Anemia complicating an aortic valve prosthesis].

PMID- 981877
TI  - [Immuno-allergic hemolytic anemia connected with streptomycin].

PMID- 981878
TI  - [Autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic difficulties and the dilemma of
      etiopathogenesis].

PMID- 981879
TI  - [Controlled occlusion of the pulmonary artery using a transvermous balloon].

PMID- 981880
TI  - [Clinical manifestations after operations for duodenal ulcer and their
      correlations to disaccharidase activity].

PMID- 981881
TI  - [Cutaneous trans-sigmoid ureterostomy].

PMID- 981882
TI  - [Changes in lipid metabolism in uremia].

PMID- 981883
TI  - [Renal immunopathology. I. Experimental models. Analogy with human renal
      diseases].

PMID- 981884
TI  - [Renal immunopathology. II. Immunopathology of human renal diseases].

PMID- 981885
TI  - [Internship for residents in a rural area].

PMID- 981886
TI  - [Studies on phenylmercuric acetate toxicity in chickens. III. Level of copper,
      zinc and cadmium in the liver and kidney of chickens exposed to repeated doses of
      phenylmercuric acetate].

PMID- 981887
TI  - [Effect of some preservatives on pregnancy and fetal development in experimental
      animals].

PMID- 981888
TI  - [Use of tryptophan, a factor limiting the quality of dietary proteins, for
      anabolic purposes in rat organism].

PMID- 981890
TI  - [Minicolumn and thin-layer chromatography methods for the detection and
      semiquantitative determination of aflatoxin B-1 in peanuts].

PMID- 981889
TI  - [Methods of detection of benzotriazole derivatives used in the production of
      plastic material objects].

PMID- 981891
TI  - [Soda water contamination with mold spores].

PMID- 981892
TI  - [Harmful effects of CX-99 preparation used as an insecticide in sanitation].

PMID- 981893
TI  - [Kelevan used as poisoned nutrition in the destruction of Pharaoh's ants
      (Monomorium pharaonis L.)].

PMID- 981894
TI  - [Morphological studies and some histochemical reactions in rat lungs following
      subacute foschlor poisoning].

PMID- 981895
TI  - [Evaluation of health conditions of children and adolescents based on routine
      mass examinations].

PMID- 981896
TI  - [Radiation-induced teratogen effects and therapeutic abortion (author's transl)].
AB  - Ionizing radiation during the whole developmental phase induces high radiation
      sensitivity in the human embryo and fetus. Particularly in the phase of
      organogenesis, increased malformations result in a lower quality of life for the
      fetus after birth. In a suspected or existing pregnancy, it is, therefore,
      necessary to limit the indication for examination or treatment of the mother with
      ionizing radiation or radioactive elements more than in other phases of life. The
      probability of unfavorably influencing development in the womb by ionizing
      radiation depends on the dose received by the fetus. For this reason, all
      measures should be taken to keep the radiation exposure to a minimum. Since up
      until now no uniform recommendations regarding indication for therapeutic
      abortion following irradiation have been drawn up in Western Germany, it is
      advisable to fall back on those recommendations drawn up by Scandinavian
      countries on the basis of thorough radiobiological knowledge and experience. In
      cases where the probability of unfavorable effects exceeds 10% and/or the natural
      malformation rate doubles, a therapeutic abortion should be considered. In a
      properly conducted examination, this level is generally not reached. A few tips
      are also presented in regard to the proper execution of the examination during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 981898
TI  - [Surgical treatment of varices (author's transl)].
AB  - Basically three possibilities are available for the treatment of the varicose
      symptom complex: 1. Varicosclerozation, 2. Surgery, 3. Compression.
      Dermatologists and internists understandably prefer varicosclerozation; surgeons,
      surgery. The best success, in my opinion, is achieved with all three
      possibilities of treatment are used in combination and adjusted individually to
      the vascular findings of each case. There is no effective varicosclerozation and
      no surgical treatment without subsequent compression. In no case, can treatment
      by medication be more than supportive for other effective measures. The goal of
      this article is to provide information regarding the present status of surgical
      treatment. Unavoidably, the indication for the other methods of treatment was
      also established.

PMID- 981897
TI  - [Changes of cutaneous blood flow after aortofemoral angiography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Temperature versus time curves were registered during aortofemoral angiography in
      48 patients. The cutaneous temperature was initially reduced in 46 of the
      patients. This phenomenon was interpreted as a temporary decrease of blood flow
      and can not be explained by hypertonicity of contrast media, but indicates
      additional pharmacodynamic effects. Reactive hyperemia depends on pathologic
      alterations of large and small vessels.

PMID- 981899
TI  - [Significance of inhalation and perfusion scintigraphy for the diagnosis of
      pulmonary embolism (author's transl)].
AB  - Inhalation and perfusion scintigrams, general radiological examination of the
      thorax and an EKG were done on 43 patients with clinically suspected pulmonary
      embolism. In 11 cases, the clinical diagnosis could be confirmed on the basis of
      the scintigraphic examination. In the remaining 32 patients, an embolich event
      could be excluded by pulmonary scintigram, radiological examination and later the
      clinical course. A synopsis of clinical observations, X-ray and scintigraphy,
      therefore, permitted a basically reliable diagnosis of pulmonary embolism;
      selective pulmonary angiography should be used only in exceptional cases.

PMID- 981900
TI  - [Comparative study of xeroradiography and filmradiography (2700 statistically
      evaluated tests) (author's transl)].
AB  - Bases on more than 2700 statistically evaluated, comparative filmradiographic
      thoracic organs, abdomen and vascular and lymphatic system, the value of
      xeroradiography was analyzed by a standardized process. We came to the conclusion
      that, in certain cases, xeroradiography is superior (example: head-neck-soft
      tissues), equal (example: cranial area) or inferior (example: abdomen) to
      conventional X-ray film techniques. The xeroradiographic procedure has advantages
      for the radiologist if he does not try to use it as a substitute for the
      conventional X-ray film technique.

PMID- 981901
TI  - [X-ray protection zones during x-ray examens in intensive care (author's
      transl)].
AB  - For x-ray examens in intensiv care units is shown that in a distance of 1,5 m or
      2,0 m the registered doses are so low that the x-ray protection zones could be
      limeted to this area.

PMID- 981902
TI  - [Emergency surgical indications in cranial injuries].

PMID- 981904
TI  - [Should diverticular sigmoiditis be operated?].

PMID- 981903
TI  - [Treatment of multiple injuries].

PMID- 981905
TI  - [Acute intestinal invagination in infants and children. Reflections drawn from
      the study of 200 cases].

PMID- 981906
TI  - [Normal and pathological adolescence].

PMID- 981907
TI  - [The adolescent of today and the problems of his mental health].

PMID- 981908
TI  - [New forms of sex behavior in the adolescent].

PMID- 981909
TI  - [Brief clinical study of attempted suicide by adolescents].

PMID- 981910
TI  - [Development of juvenile delinquency].

PMID- 981911
TI  - [Glucose-alanine cycle].

PMID- 981912
TI  - [Macro and micro diabetic angiopathies. Anatomo-pathologic aspects].

PMID- 981913
TI  - [Pathogenesis, physiopathology, and epidemiology of diabetic microangiopathy].

PMID- 981914
TI  - [Blood lipids, diabetes and arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 981915
TI  - [Cardiovascular complications of diabetes].

PMID- 981916
TI  - [Diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 981917
TI  - [Intercapillary glomerulosclerosis].

PMID- 981918
TI  - [Hypoglycemic medications and vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
      Current controversy].

PMID- 981919
TI  - [Kidney, endocrine gland involved in calcium homeostasis].

PMID- 981920
TI  - [Polyarthritis and Crohn's disease. Apropos of 1 case].

PMID- 981921
TI  - [Joint manifestations of Yersinia enterocolitica infections].
AB  - Different recent studies, notably Scandinavian studies, have described a
      "rheumatism" caused by Yersinia enterocolitica infection. The picture usually
      seen is that of a subacute, febrile oligoarthritis predominantly in the lower
      limbs, associated with diarrhoea and hyperleucocytosis, polynucleosis, and a
      marked increase in the sedimentation rate. Benign carditis may also be
      associated. The diagnosis rests on the discovery of the organism by coproculture
      and on serodiagnosis. Evolution is favourable within several weeks or several
      months. Treatment includes antibiotics and antinflammatory preparations.

PMID- 981922
TI  - [Polyarthritis following Yersinia enterocolitica infection].

PMID- 981923
TI  - [Joint manifestations of carcinoid tumors of the digestive system].
AB  - The joint manifestations of carcinoid tumours become integrated into the
      carcinoid syndrome, the totality of the symptoms occurring at a distance from the
      tumour and linked to the metabolites secreted by the tumour. These arthropathies
      have been the subject of only a very limited number of publications. They consist
      of arthralgia, sometimes with swelling, predominantly in the extremities of the
      upper limbs, and linked to activity. The radiological picture includes a "band"
      of demineralization, and less frequently destructive joint lesions. The
      sedimentation rate is always increased. These arthropathies can be related to
      their origin only by knowledge of, and demonstration of, the other elements of
      the carcinoid syndrome and of the tumoro-metastic syndrome. Laboratory diagnosis
      rests on determination of the 5-hydroxyl derivatives of tryptophane.

PMID- 981924
TI  - [Fate of patients having ankylosing spondylarthritis in a military environment.
      (apropos of 132 cases)].

PMID- 981925
TI  - [Socioeconomic problems posed by patients with coxarthrosis treated surgically by
      total hip prosthesis].

PMID- 981926
TI  - [Socioprofessional situation of patients suffering from sciatica and victims of
      industrial accidents].

PMID- 981927
TI  - [Patellar malposition, its incidence in patellar chondropathy and in a control
      population].
AB  - Patellar disequilibrium consists of either external malpositioning of the patella
      (EMP) or external hyperpression (EHP), which are clearly visible on a 30degrees
      axial radiograph of the knee. Does this disequilibrium play a role in the
      development of patellar chondropathy? The authors have based their comparisons on
      a series of 40 subjects more than 60 years of age (average age: 68 years) who
      were free from pain and arthrosis of the knee. In this group they found 2 cases
      of EMP (5 percent) and 3 of EHP (7.5 percent). In their series of cases of
      patellar chondropathy (43 cases) there were, after correction for the cases with
      a double etiology, 8.5 cases of EMP (20 percent) and 7 of EHP (16 percent). The
      differences between these figures and those for the control series are
      statistically significant for the number of cases of EMP (P less than 0.05), but
      not for the number of cases of EHP, the etiological role of which is probable but
      for which proof would require a larger series of patients. From this work the
      following findings emerge: (1) The frequency of latent patellofemoral arthrosis
      in the aged control subjects with knee problems. 7 cases out of 47, or 12.5
      percent. (2) The frequency of patellar chondropathy apparently associated with
      the two etiological factors: out of 43 patients, 22 suffered from patellar
      disequilibrium (10 EMP and 12 EHP) but in 13 cases there was another associated
      possible cause of deterioration: traumatism or stress on the knee associated with
      work or sport. This methodological difficulty is discussed and resolved
      empirically. The importance of patellar disequilibrium in the development of
      degenerative patellofemoral affections derives not from the etiological
      importance but from the fact that they represent the only factor for which
      therapy may be given: elective internal rehabilitation or surgery (section of the
      external wing of the patella or transposition of the anterior tuberosity of the
      tibia).

PMID- 981928
TI  - [Further observations on the presence of iron in the articuler synovial
      membrane].
AB  - In 1971, a study of 66 synovial biopsy samples indicated that the presence of
      ferric deposits in the subintimal synovial tissue was of real semiological value
      in the diagnosis of rheumatoid synovitis. In 1975, a study of 228 synovial biopsy
      samples led the authors to reconsider this finding: the presence of ferric
      deposits in the subintimal synovial tissue was far from being a constant feature
      in rheumatoid synovitis and it was seen with similar frequency in other forms of
      chronic inflammatory rheumatism and also in several other joint conditions. The
      origin of the synovial iron and the influence it may have on the development of
      the rheumatoid processes remain obscure.

PMID- 981929
TI  - [Arthrotic sciatica caused by radicular compression of osteophytic origin in the
      lateral recess. Apropos of 18 cases].
AB  - The authors report 18 cases of arthrosic sciatica due to toot compression in the
      lateral recess by posterior corporeal and/or posterior apophyseal osteophytosis.
      The authors study the clinical and radiological characteristics that may indicate
      the diagnosis and discuss the different mechanisms by which vertebral arthrosis
      can lead to radicular compression. When surgery is necessary because of the
      persistent nature of the sciatica, a broader approach should be undertaken than
      that required for excision of the disc, in order to explore fully the roots, the
      multiplicity of possible compression sites being one of the essential
      characteristics of these cases of arthrosic radiculopathy. Study of the
      literature and of the series of sciatica patients operated upon by the authors
      shows that although discal hernia is far from being the most frequent cause of
      common sciatica, arthrosic compression is a cause that cannot be ignored,
      especially in aged subjects.

PMID- 981930
TI  - [Study of circulating 25 hydroxyvitamin D].
AB  - The levels of circulating 25 OH-D were determined by a direct radio-competition
      methods both in normal subjects and in subjects with various pathological
      conditions. In normal subjects, the average level of 25 OH-D was higher in summer
      (42.3 ng/ml) than in winter (29.1 ng/ml), P less than 0.005. Monthly variations
      in the 25 HO-D levels were found in relation to insolation The level of 25 OH-D
      was practically normal in osteoporosis (28.9 ng/ml), clearly lower in the mixed
      forms called "osteoporomalacia" (13.5 ng/ml, P less than 0.005) and very low in
      osteomalacia (5.8 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). In cases of cortisone osteopathy the
      average level was 22.8 ng/ml (NS). The level of 25 OH-D was also found to be
      lower in hepatic cirrhosis (11.7 ng/ml, P less than 0.01), in subjects treated
      with anticonvulsants (P less than 0.01), and in the course of hyperparathyroidism
      (P less than 0.002). There was no corelation between the level of 25 OH-D and
      calcaemia, phosphoraemia, circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, or the
      relative osteoid volume. In contrast, there seemed to be a good correlation with
      the level of alkaline phosphatasaemia. The level of 25 OH-D was also determined
      in 4 subjects with vitamin-resistant osteomalacia: in 3 cases hepatic
      hydroxylation seemed normal, indicating the possibility of a subsequent disorder
      of vitamin D metabolism; in one case the absence of hepatic hydroxylation was
      noted.

PMID- 981931
TI  - [HL-A and chronic juvenile polyarthritis].
AB  - The authors determined the HLA groups in 1000 blood donors, in 62 subjects
      suffering from ankylosing spondylarthritis, and in 32 subjects suffering from
      chronic juvenile polyarthritis. The results confirm those of other authors as
      regards the occurrence of W27 antigen in ankylosing spondylarthritis. The
      examination of the subjects suffering from chronic juvenile polyarthritis made it
      possible to subdivide this population into 4 groups: (1) Chronic juvenile
      polyarthritis evolving towards ankylosing spondylarthritis; (2) Chronic juvenile
      polyarthritis with sacroilitis; (3) Chronic juvenile polyarthritis without
      sacroiliac involvement; and (4) Rhematoid juvenile polyarthritis. They showed
      that the presence of W27 antigen was very high in groups (1) and (2) and very low
      in groups (3) and (4). Determination of the presence of W27 antigen makes it
      possible to place the patient in one of these groups and the future will show
      whether this classification is of any therapeutic consequence.

PMID- 981932
TI  - [Quantitative bone biopsy and primary hyperparathyroidism, its role in diagnosis.
      Apropos of 45 cases].
AB  - Iliac bone biopsy, including a quantitative study, was carried out in 38 patients
      with primary hyperparathyroidism (34 surgical patients, 4 with typical syndromes
      based on laboratory analysis). A second biopsy was carried out in 7 cases. By
      studying both the surface resorption of the strands of the spongy tissue and
      periosteocyte osteolysis (an indirect measure by assessment of the surface aera
      of the periosteocyte lacunae), it is possible to arrive at a histological
      diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism in 98 percent of cases: surface resorption is
      increased in 82 percent of cases; the periosteocyte lacunae are enlarged in 91
      percent of cases; the two criteria together give a positive result in 44 cases
      out of 45 (98 percent). This morphometric study is particularly valuable in those
      cases in which the qualitative histological appearance is not very informative.

PMID- 981933
TI  - [Intermittent treatment of Paget's disease of bone with calcitonin: histological
      study].
AB  - The authors report the results of a semi-quantitative histological study of bone
      carried out in 6 patients with Paget's disease treated with salmon calcitonin
      (about thirty injections of an average of 50 MRC units) over 8 to 14 weeks. The
      treatment led to a decrease in the resorption surfaces, in the number and the
      nucleation of the osteoclasts, and in the level of hydroxyprolinuria. Cessation
      of treatment led to an increase in these parameters, but starting from the fifth
      month after the cessation renewed improvement was noted, concerning in particular
      the hydroxyprolinuria and the nucleation of the osteoclasts and this lasted until
      the tenth month. The possibility of a prolonged action of calcitonin indicates
      that discontinuous therapy of Paget's disease should be considered (4 months per
      year, for example).

PMID- 981934
TI  - [Research on iron in the synovial membrane, Personal experience].

PMID- 981935
TI  - [Osteoid osteoma associated with synovitis. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 981936
TI  - [3 incidental observations of pachydermo-periostosis].

PMID- 981937
TI  - [Medicosocial aspects of ankylosing spondylarthritis].

PMID- 981938
TI  - Cable temperature jump apparatus with improved sensitivity and time resolution.

PMID- 981939
TI  - Ear-borne sound level dosimeter.

PMID- 981940
TI  - Electric method for measurements of enzymatic activity.

PMID- 981941
TI  - [On the problem of antiheparin activity in disorders of haemastasis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981942
TI  - [Our experience of ascertaining hypersensitivity using the in vitro lymphocyte
      transformation test (author's transl)].

PMID- 981943
TI  - [Data computerization in thyroid gland diseases. I. Data collection and
      individual processing of clinical notes (author's transl)].

PMID- 981944
TI  - [Effect of strumectomy on the quality of voice (author's transl)].

PMID- 981945
TI  - [Our results of five years of complex treatment of Hodgkin's disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981946
TI  - [Effect of partial hepatectomy and laparotomy on ceruloplasmin synthesis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981947
TI  - [Metabolic effect of administration of glucagon and a combination of glucagon and
      fructose to patients with cirrhosis of the liver and to healthy subjects
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981948
TI  - [Antibodies against tissue antigens in idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary
      fibrosis (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) (author's transl)].

PMID- 981949
TI  - [Three-year investigation of changes in the haemogram during a sub-maximal load
      in patients undergoing regular dialyzation treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 981950
TI  - [Clinical experience with butocin in the treatment of malignant tumours of the
      female genitalia (author's transl)].

PMID- 981951
TI  - [Creatine phosphokinase in thyroid disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 981952
TI  - [Cytochemical investigation of epithelial lymphocytes of the human jejunum
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 981953
TI  - [Embryotoxic and teratogenic action of selenium on chick embryos (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 981954
TI  - Present status of positive scintigraphic imaging of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 981955
TI  - Arterial-hepatic vein glucose differences in normal and diabetic man after a
      glucose infusion at rest and after exercise.
AB  - The role of the liver in the elimination of infused glucose during recovery after
      exercise was studied in 5 normal and 4 juvenile diabetic males. The results were
      compared with those of a resting experiment. The subjects exercised on the
      bicycle ergometer at a work rate requiring about 70% of their max. Vo2. 0.5 g
      glucose per kg body weight was infused as a single injection 15 min after the
      cessation of exercise. Arterial-hepatic vein (a-hv) glucose and lactate
      differences were measured repetitively both during exercise and throughout the 79
      min recovery period. During exercise the a-hv glucose differences were negative
      and increased more than sixfold in the diabetic subjects and more than tenfold in
      the non-diabetic subjects. After the glucose infusion the a-hv glucose
      differences were still negative in the diabetic subjects, indicating a continued
      net release of glucose from the liver in spite of elevated arterial glucose
      concentrations. In the non-diabetic subjects there was a small uptake of glucose,
      accounting for about 0.5% of the total glucose load given. The a-hv lactate
      differences were larger in the diabetic subjects, indicating a greater dependence
      upon gluconeogenesis as compared with the non-diabetic subjects. It is concluded
      that the liver is of no importance in the diabetic subjects and of only slight
      importance in the non-diabetic subjects for the disposal of infused glucose
      during the initial hour of recovery after exercise.

PMID- 981956
TI  - Factor VIII (AHG) levels in 1016 regular blood donors. The effects of age, sex,
      and ABO blood groups.
AB  - Factor VIII (AHG) activity was assayed in the plasma specimens from 1016 regular
      and controlled blood donors. Age and ABO blood groups had highly significant
      effects on factor VIII concentrations, whereas the effect of sex was not
      significant. The median in the donors of blood group O rose from 87% at the age
      of 20 to 119% at the age of 60 years, and the median in blood groups A and B+AB
      of corresponding ages rose from 108 to 147%. An interaction effect of age and
      blood groups was present only at the 5% level of significance. The present data
      and the previous findings of others suggest the existence of an association
      between high factor VIII levels and thrombotic states.

PMID- 981957
TI  - A simple method for measurement of angiotensin II in plasma.
AB  - A simple radioimmunological (RIA) method for the determination of angiotensin II
      in 0.5-1.0 ml samples of plasma is described and carefully evaluated. Before RIA
      was performed, the interfering plasma proteins were eliminated by ion exchange
      chromatography, and recovery from every column was checked with a small amount of
      [125I]angiotensin II. The sensitivity of the method was 4.0 ng/l; the coefficient
      of intra-assay variation was 10.0% and that of inter-assay variation 12.1%.
      Accuracy was studied both by adding various amounts of angiotensin II to plasma
      samples and by diluting plasma containing angiotensin II with the RIA buffer.
      Both studies gave very good correlations between found and expected values
      (r=0.998 and r=0.987). In a normal material (n=36), the mean angiotensin II
      concentration at 8 a.m. after 2 h ambulation 42.4 +/- 12.8 (S.D.) ng/l. Because
      the present method is accurate, precise, and practical, and allows measurement of
      angiotensin II in small samples, it seems useful for routine as well as for
      research work.

PMID- 981958
TI  - Conductometric determination of CO2 in air samples.
AB  - A new procedure enables the CO2 concentrations of air samples to be determined
      and automatically registered. The CO2 contents of the air samples are absorbed in
      an Sr(OH)2 solution. The resulting decrease in electrical conductivity of the
      solution is automatically registered by a d.c. strip-chart recorder in such a way
      that the decline of the curve is proportional to the amount of CO2 absorbed. In
      each analysis, quantities of CO2 up to about 8 mumol can be determined with an
      error of less than 0.02 mumol, and, accordingly, CO2 quantities of 2 to 8 mumol
      contained in samples of at least 150 ml of fresh atmospheric air or about 1 ml of
      carboxygen or expired air can be analysed with an accuracy of better than +/-
      1.0% of their CO2 content.

PMID- 981959
TI  - Metiamide inhibits canine gastric acid secretion evoked by sham feeding.
AB  - A continuous intravenous infusion of metiamide markedly inhibited the gastric
      acid secretory response to sham feeding in two dogs provided with Pavlov pouches
      and gastric fistulae. The results show that an antagonist of histamine H2
      receptors is capable of inhibiting a vagally activated secretion evoked by sham
      feeding, which may be considered a physiological vagal stimulus.

PMID- 981960
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Complicating disorders in various organs outside the intestinal tract are common
      in ulcerative colitis. This report deals with the occurrence of nephrotic
      syndrome in two patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis. In the patient
      studied in most detail, 2 episodes have taken place, the first developing into
      uremia. After colectomy had been performed, rapid improvement of renal function
      took place. The morphological changes in kidney biopsies were compatible with the
      presence of focal glomerular sclerosis. Activity in the complement system and a
      favorable response to steroid treatment indicate that humoral immune mechanisms
      are of pathogenetic importance with regard to the renal disease in these two
      patients. To our knowledge nephrotic syndrome has not previously been described
      as a complication to ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 981961
TI  - Intraluminal pressure in the sigmoid colon. I. Method and results in normal
      subjects.
AB  - A modified method for measurement of pressure activity in the sigmoid colon is
      presented, using open-ended tubes and measurement of pressure activity for 30
      minutes after intravenous administration of 0.5 mg of neostigmine. The motility
      index in 12 normal persons was found to have median 597 with a range of 125-1169.
      Variation among persons exceeded the day-to-day variation significantly. Error in
      reading the curves was negligible.

PMID- 981962
TI  - Intraluminal pressure in the sigmoid colon. II. Patients with sigmoid diverticula
      and related conditions.
AB  - Patients with lower abdominal symptoms, indicating colonic disorder, were
      classified into predefined clinical syndromes. Two important syndromes were
      colicky sigmoid syndrome and chronic diverticular disease. The first one,
      characterized by presence of colicky lower abdominal pains but absence of colonic
      diverticula, probably covers what is generally referred to as 'irritable bowel
      syndrome'. The second one was characterized by presence of lower abdominal colics
      and of colonic diverticula. The results showed a significant correlation between
      the presence of lower abdominal colics and a high pressure activity in the
      sigmoid colon after intravenous neostigmine. There was, however, no correlation
      between the presence of diverticula and a high pressure activity. The generally
      accepted theory of a high pressure activity as the dominant factor in the
      pathogenesis of colonic diverticula, therefore, was questioned, as was the
      equally accepted theory of a gradual development of chronic diverticular disease
      from the adiverticular colicky sigmoid syndrome.

PMID- 981963
TI  - Incorporation rate in vitro of choline and methyl-methionine into human hepatic
      lecithins.
AB  - In order to evaluate the quantitative role of cytidinediphosphate-choline and
      phosphatidyl-ethanolamine-methylation pathways in the synthesis of
      phosphatidylcholine in human liver tissue, the incorporation rate of [14C]choline
      and [14C]methyl-methionine into liver lecithins was determined. Liver biopsy was
      taken in 27 patients operated upon for uncomplicated gallstone disease. Linear
      incorporation into lecithin was achieved for N-methyl-methionine during 4 hours'
      incubation and for choline from 7.5 min to 60 min of incubation but with a
      significant positive Y-intercept. This Y-intercept was directly proportional to
      the concentration of choline in the medium and might be explained by a rapid base
      exchange between free choline in the medium and bases in phosphoglycerides.
      Fertile women showed significantly higher incorporation rate of methyl-methionine
      than postmenopausal women. Bile acids in the incubation medium did not influence
      the incorporation rate of thesebation medium did not influence the incorporation
      rate of these precursors into hepatic lecithin: The results indicate that the
      contribution of the methylation pathway in the synthesis of human liver lecithin
      accounts for about 10-15 per cent of that of the CDP-choline pathway.

PMID- 981964
TI  - Washing and direct vision brush cytology in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma.
AB  - The diagnostic significance of direct vision brush cytology and simple washing
      cytology was studied in 3 series with gastric carcinoma verified at operation.
      Direct vision gastroscopic biopsy was performed in all patients. Both brush and
      washing cytology markedly increased the diagnostic reliability of gastroscopic
      biopsy. Wrong negative results (Papanicolau I-II) were found in 13% with brush
      cytology and in 34% with washing cytology. Direct comparison revealed that brush
      cytology was definitely superior to washing cytology in the diagnosis of gastric
      carcinoma. The results suggest a routine use of brush cytology in connection with
      gastroscopic biopsy.

PMID- 981965
TI  - Dynamics of atrophic gastritis in male and female subjects after partial gastric
      resection -- an evaluation by stochastic analysis.
AB  - Forty-two subjects (33 male and 9 female) were examined 17 to 18 years after
      partial gastrectomy due to gastric or duodenal ulcer, with regard to
      morphological state of gastric body mucosa, specimens obtained by direct
      gastroscopy technique being evaluated by our scoring system. Our stochastic
      analysis was applied to the findings to obtain the "age-adjusted score' (AAS),
      representing the degree of progression of chronic gastritis with reference to a
      random population, independent of the subject's age. Higher susceptibility of
      males than females to progressing chronic gastritis, and higher than that of both
      males and females of the random population, was noted. The atrophic changes in
      males after gastrectomy showed no dependence on age.

PMID- 981966
TI  - Coenzyme-A-dependent esterification of cholesterol in rat intestinal mucosa.
AB  - Rat intestinal mucosa contains an enzyme which catalyses the esterification of
      cholesterol. The enzyme is CoA-dependent and probably an acyl-CoA: cholesterol
      acyltransferase (ACAT) (E.C.2.3.1.26). Maximal activity in vitro is obtained when
      long chain acylcarnitines, CoA and carnitine palmityltransferase are used as an
      acyl-CoA generating system. The enzyme is localized in the microsomal fraction,
      has a pH optimum between 6.4-7.2, and oleate is the preferred acyl group. The
      activity of the enzyme is highest in the proximal jejunum, and has a capacity
      that can account for all cholesteryl esters found in intestinal rat lymph.

PMID- 981967
TI  - Early unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia after paracetamol overdosage.
AB  - A rapid increase of predominantly unconjugated bilirubin in the blood -- which
      was not due to haemolysis -- was observed in 38 of 60 patients who had taken an
      overdose of paracetamol. Studies in the rat given an overdose of the drug showed
      that within 24 hours there was a striking reduction in the activity of bilirubin
      glucuronyl-transferase and the content of cytochrome P.450 in the liver. It is
      suggested that such early damage of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum contributes
      to the hyperbilirubinaemia of paracetamol poisoning.

PMID- 981969
TI  - Reversible activation of proactivator (factor B) of the alternative pathway
      without cleavage of the molecule.
AB  - The serum of a patient (M.C.) with chronic glomerulonephritis and renal deposits
      of IgA, C3, and properdin converted C3 on overnight exposure of 0 degrees C. The
      cold reaction was dependent on immunoglobulin, initiating factor, Factors B and
      D, and magnesium but not on properdin. Factor B, the C3-cleaving enzyme in this
      reaction, was used in zymogen form. After participation in this rection, Factor B
      zymogen in M.C. serum could be fully activated by cobra venom factor (CVF) at 37
      degrees C. That activation without fragmentation was not due to an abnormal form
      of Factor B was shown by its typical cleavage on incubation of MC. serum with CVF
      or C3b or after depletion of C3b inactivator. The evidence indicates that in the
      cold reaction only the initial C3 convertase of the alternative parhway is formed
      and that this enzyme is responsible for the observed C3 consumption.

PMID- 981968
TI  - Lower esophageal sphincter in reflux esophagitis.
AB  - Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) was studied by intraluminal perfusion
      manometry in the resting state and after graded intravenous doses of pentagastrin
      in 12 healthy subjects and 27 patients with reflux esophagitis. These patients
      were classified as having ulcerative (11) or non-ulcerative esophagitis (16) by
      histological examination and endoscopic appearance of the inflamed mucosa. The
      length of the LES was similar in patients and controls. A correlation was found
      between the magnitude of mean basal end-expiratory (mbe) LESP reduction and the
      grade of esophageal mucosa inflammation. The most reduced mbe LESP value was
      shown in patients with ulcerative esophagitis. It was significantly different
      from that of patients with non-ulcerative esophagitis (t = 3.37, p less than
      0.01). Both values were significantly reduced from that of the controls (t larger
      than or equal to 0.0125). The responsiveness of the LES to intravenous
      pentagastrin was quantitatively reduced throughout the whole range of the dose
      response curve in patients with ulcerative esophagitis, whereas patients with non
      ulcerative esophagitis only differed in the maximum mbe pressure value from the
      controls. Four patients showed a paradoxical pressure decrease to intravenous
      pentagastrin, resulting in a LESP reduction to 8% of the mbe LESP. Intravenous
      secretin or CCK led to a similar reaction of the LES in these patients.

PMID- 981970
TI  - PHA-induced activation of suppressor cells in normal human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Normal human peripheral blood and tonsil lymphocytes can be stimulated to
      proliferate by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). When cells cultured with this mitogen
      for 3 days were transferred fo fresh autologous lymphocytes in fresh medium with
      PHA, the mitogen response of the fresh lymphocytes was suppressed. The
      suppression required the presence of viable cells, in that culture supernatants
      alone were not inhibitory and cell extracts showed only marginal inhibition.
      Approximately equivalent numbers of previously stimulated cells were required to
      produce optimal suppression of the PHA response of fresh cells. Cells irradiated
      after PHA stimulation were as effective as nonirradiated cells is causing
      suppression. PHA-stimulated cells also inhibited concanavalinA-induced
      proliferation and a mixed lymphocyte reaction. However, PHA-stimulated cells only
      partially inhibited the response to pokeweed mitogen. The suppressive effects
      were fully retained by a nylon-wool-enriched T-cell fraction but not by a B-cell
      enriched fraction.

PMID- 981971
TI  - Immune complexes in human melanoma: a consequence of deranged immune regulation.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were detected in 62 individuals with malignant
      melanoma by precipitation with isolated human C1q and polyclonal rheumatoid
      factors. In 56 patients the C1q deviation assay showed low to moderate levels of
      complexes, with increased amounts with advancing stage of disease. Both heavy
      (greater than 19S) and intermediate (7S to 19S) varieties were present, and
      complexes containing tumor antigen-antibody or antibody-anti-antibody were
      identified. Complexes were found in the kidneys of one patient with malignancy
      and the nephrotic syndrome and in two further patients with melanoma in whom
      there were no clinical manifestations of nephrosis. Serial determinations in 51
      patients showed slow cyclic variations in the levels of complexes and
      fluctuations in response to therapy. The coexistence of anti-antibodies, immune
      complex disease, and anergy in melanoma patients may indicate a deranged immune
      regulation consequent to chronic antigenic stimulation by the tumor.

PMID- 981972
TI  - [Comparative study of long-term mortality in the mentally ill].
AB  - The mortality in mental illness has been studied after an average follow-up
      period of 3-4 decades in a material of 5661 former in-patients of the Psychiatric
      University Hospital of Lausanne (Switzerland), from which 3520 probands were dead
      at the date of reference. By use of an improved method, the calculations showed
      in all diagnostic groups, and generally more marked in women than in men, a 1,34
      to 9,72 times higher mortality than in the general population, increasing in the
      following order: head injuries, psychogenic and psychopathic disorders, manic
      syndromes, schizophrenia, depressions, mental retardation, alcoholisme, other
      psychosis, epilepsy, general paralysis, other cerebro-organic conditions. Several
      possible explanations of these results are discussed.

PMID- 981973
TI  - [The problem of the linguistic and scientivic position of psychopathology in the
      framework of current psychiatry].
AB  - An attempt has been made to explain on the one hand the significance of the
      psychopathological terminology. In contrast to the "dynamic psychiatry", where
      the language has preponderantly an anticipating, finalizing character with regard
      to the therapeutical process, it is here being made clear that the cognition of
      the full existence requires a defined analysis in case of a psychic distrubance.
      A conceivable aspiration for orderliness thus opens the way to impartial
      objectiveness. To a special extent the psychiatrist here appears to be obliged to
      the word itself, particularly within the framework of transcultural psychiatric
      research, that is, both in regard to philosophical and cultural-historical
      conditions. The figurative and symbolic character of the language seems to be
      necessary in psychopathology to make clear the existence of a psychopathological
      state of mind for lack of another system of definition. On the other hand, it
      should be shown that also psychopathology - without being subjected to foreign
      infiltration of a philosophysing medical doctrine - must be embedded in the
      philosophical way of thinking, if it will not evade an answer to the all
      important question of a finiteness or infiniteness of man beyond all positive
      ways of thinking by the fact of the psychophysical problems amid its science and
      the unique irrationality thereof.

PMID- 981974
TI  - Psychopathometry and homogenous syndrome dynamics.
AB  - The principle of homogeneous dynamic of syndromes means that diminishing of
      single psychic functions or the severeness of syndromes is correlated to the
      total syndrome. The validity of this principle was alleged for reversible
      physically founded psychoses and for cyclothymic depressions. Various empirical
      investigations confirm the validity of the principle of homogeneous dynamic of
      syndromes. These findings suggest practical benefit for the development of
      psychopathometric procedures: constructions of short tests. Perhaps the range of
      validity of the principle of homogeneous dynamic of syndromes may be extended on
      cyclothymic mania, too. Empirical investigations will prove this question.

PMID- 981975
TI  - [Anorexic syndrome and depression. Considerations from a case history].
AB  - A connection between anorexic syndrome and depression has been the object of
      psychoanalytic as well as psychiatric considerations for a long time now. We
      report the case of a 45-year-old woman suffering from anorexia nervosa and
      depression. Biographically-anamnestic aspects are shown in connection with depth
      psychological and psychiatric ones, thus trying to achieve a synopsis.

PMID- 981976
TI  - [Pseudoparalytic myasthenia gravis. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in 60
      separate cases].
AB  - Based on 60 of our own cases and on the medical literature the authors discuss
      the diagnostic, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of myasthenia gravis.
      Myasthenia is suspected in cases of motor weakness of changing intensity,
      diminishing by rest. The weak muscles are innervated by different peripheral
      nerves. At the beginning a weakness of upperlid-muscles, external eye muscles and
      bulbar muscles is particularly frequent. There is no sensory loss or other
      neurological symptoms. A transitory disappearance of motor weakness after an
      intravenous dose of Edrophonium (Tensilon) is a typical diagnostic sign. The
      effect is less evident with eye-muscle weakness. A typical appearance of
      potentials after repetitive stimulation of peripheral nerves as well as other
      characteristics in electrophysiological testing of muscles are of high diagnostic
      value. This allows differentiation from other types of muscle weakness. In the
      pathogenesis of myasthenia an autoimmune process related to a persistent thymus
      gland plays an important part. This leads to an ultrastructural change in the
      postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fibre. The postsynaptic membrane no longer
      reacts in a normal way to acetylcholine as a transmitter substance at the level
      of the motor endplate. Therefore the first step in the treatment of myasthenia
      consists of cholinesterase-inhibitors, specially Neostigmin (Prostigmin) and
      Pyridostigmin (Mestinon). Thymectomy is advised in all cases of myasthenia with
      the exception of the pure ocular form and of myasthenia in patients older than 60
      years. The thymus gland is practically always persistent or hypertrophic in
      myasthenia. The suprasternal access is recommended. A thymoma should always be
      operated upon because of the danger of malignancy. In cases where thymectomy is
      not performed or not successful and if cholinesterase-inhibitors are not
      sufficiently efficient, treatment with corticosteroids or ACTH is recommended.

PMID- 981977
TI  - E1Socio-economic data concerning the early childhood and the actual life
      situation of psychiatric out-patients.
AB  - By means of a standarized social psychiatric questionnaire which was developed
      from the AMP-system and which forms the basis for a standardized case history
      used in our outpatient clinic, a random sample of 500 ambulant patients from the
      years 1970 and 1971 were examined concerning their socio-economic data. Patients
      of the age group of 20-24 years were overrepresented (p less than 0,05) as well
      as patients of the lower socio-economic classes and patients whose parents were
      less than 20 years old at the time of the patients' birth. The structure of the
      family in childhood showed significant differences concerning patients with
      different social contacts and different diagnoses. Patients who grew up in big
      families have themselves a relatively large number of children and vice versa (p
      less than 0,01). A significant correlation (p less than 0,01) consists also
      between the number of siblings of the patients and the socio-economic class they
      belong to: Patients from the underprivileged socio-economic classes mostly grew
      up in big families.

PMID- 981978
TI  - [Drug abuse and suicidal tendencies].
AB  - 66 juvenile drug-consumers--development-crises (32%), neurotic developments
      (30%), abnormal juvenile personalities (38%) - with a predominantly
      polytoxicomanic drug-anamnesis of several years are examined as to their suicidal
      development. The quantitative and qualitative progression of drug-abuse, the
      duration of drug-anamnesis, frequent broken-home-situations, grave educational
      deficiencies together with lacking possibilities of identification, a distinct
      social decline and chronic conflict-situations indicate the serious degree of the
      suicidal development. Different suicidal syndromes are worked out which in the
      form of death-phantasies or suicidal thoughts and horror trips directly derive
      from drug-abuse or are accompanied and reinforced by a continuous and frequently
      increasing drug-consumption, and which extend from an increase in depressive
      irritations, further psychological disturbances and personality changes, doubts
      about one's personal value and a sense of guilt to the "sickness of death".

PMID- 981979
TI  - [Neuropsychological study of an autonomous aged population].
AB  - In order to adjust the tests used in a study on degenerative dementia a group of
      independent aged volunteers has been formed and submitted to neuropsychological
      tests on instrumental functioning. Among them: 25% obtained normal results - 55%
      showed light instrumental deficiencies which were however not significant of
      brain damage - 22% had a global impairment of instrumental functions but without
      memory troubles. This relatively high percentage of impaired old people posed the
      problem of the normality of the sample chosen. As it mostly came from elderly
      communities it is possible to think that these gather more or less psychically or
      socially disfavoured aged people. The frequency of cortical impairments urges to
      think that they should be followed up to determine whether these symptoms are
      normal or if these are the signs of a degenerative evolution; in which case the
      neuropsychological approach would no longer be selective.

PMID- 981980
TI  - [Comparative study of 2 groups of paranoid syndromes appearing at different
      ages].
AB  - Clinical study of two groups of females beyond age of 65, institutionalized for
      delusional manifestations of schizophrenic nature and presenting also, at the
      time of examination, a pronounced paranoid state. In the first group: the
      manifestations had arisen before the age of 45. In the second group, after the
      age of 65. This study has demonstrated certain psychopathological characteristics
      suggesting the presence of personality problems definitely more profound in
      patients of the first group: autistic state, asthenia, thought disorder,
      incoherence and vagueness of delusional subjects, ordinarily much more unreal are
      characteristics of the first group in comparison to the second. This seems to
      bring evidence that these two paranoid states (paranoid schizophrenia in adult
      age and paranoid state in senility) are, at first sight, pathological entities
      based on personality problems of very different intensity.

PMID- 981981
TI  - [Malpractice in psychotherapy].
AB  - Two cases of malpractice in psychotherapy are described. In one case there was a
      psychiatrist involved, in the other a non-medical psychotherapist. The legal
      aspects of malpractice in the view of Swiss legislation are shortly discussed. A
      legal liability for damages caused by the psychotherapist might arise if the
      following conditions are fulfilled: A deviance from the generally accepted
      standards of care in psychotherapy, a damage to the patient as a consequence of
      this deviance and a negligence on the part of the psychotherapist. Furthermore,
      there has to be an adequate causal nexus between malpractice and damage done to
      the patient. By some case reports the author tries to exemplify what can be
      understood by the term of generally accepted standards of care in psychotherapy.

PMID- 981982
TI  - [Differential diagnostic question: traumatic unconsciousness or amnestic
      episode?].
AB  - Traumatic twilight state on the one and amnestic episode (transient global
      amnesia) on the other side are as a rule easy to differentiate from the patient's
      age, his behavior during the acute state of disease and the kind of its
      improving. Contrary to other authors' opinion, differentiation is not just
      possible by diagnosing an injury or its absence. In minor skull traumata
      preceding the traumatic twilight states injuries are often not manifest and
      otherwise amnestic episodes occasionnally occur after minor traumata. In a 64
      years old woman an obviously typical amnestic episode appeared in direct
      connection with a probable fall on the back of the head. A 28 years old man
      underwent a five-hour amnestic episode whereas the EEG showed normal curves. The
      episode occurred 15 minutes after striking hard upon the ground with the back of
      the head during a ground roll without following unconsciousness. In both cases
      traumatic twilight states were not involved. In account of the interval of 15
      minutes the trauma of the second case seems not be be the direct cause for the
      manifestation of amnestic episode. It also shows that the aspect of the disease
      in the rare occurrence in younger or middle-aged persons is on principle not
      different from that in old ones. Since a special medical examination during the
      acute state is only possible as exception the patient's amnestically seizable
      behaviour obtains greatest importance in differential diagnosis. For the rare
      coincidence the trauma is given no pathogenetic relevance in amnestic episodes.

PMID- 981983
TI  - The clinical classification of ceroid-lipofuscinosis. A statistical approach.
AB  - A revision of 108 published cases from the last ten years has been made, of
      patients suffering ceroid-lipofuscinosis, which includes two cases studied in our
      department. The statistical analysis of the initial symptoms, the age of onset
      and the disease's duration, permits us to conclude that possibly there exists,
      within this syndrome, four different forms in accordance with the age of onset.
      Each one of them has a typical clinical pattern. Our classification was compared
      with previously existing ones.

PMID- 981984
TI  - [Etiology and clinic of status epilepticus].
AB  - In the presented study we examined 110 patients who suffered from status
      epilepticus. Total 148 status were analysed with regard to etiology, releasing
      factors, course and treatment. Causes stressed were head injury with brain damage
      and intracranial space occupying, especially in the frontal region. Head injury
      with opened dura mater showed more tendency for development of status than closed
      ones. In a quarter of all cases  origin couldn't be found. All these, with
      exception of one case, developed intercurrently. Isolated or initial always was
      consequence of brain lesion, the origin of which was or has been detected. No
      trend with reference to distribution of age in the particular forms of status
      were found out. In a third part of all a releasing factor could be discovered.
      Most the question in these cases was failure in medicamental treatment. We
      couldn't draw one's interferences about pathogenesis from etiology, age of
      patient, place in course and form of status. About in a quarter of all status we
      found defective neurological sequels, in 12% also psychical disturbances. 16
      patients died during the period of observation, but only 2 within 24 hours, all
      together 8 in the first 14 days in deap coma. Immediately cause of death were
      above all complications of the heart, circulation of blood and respiration tract.
      In the most cases the treatment consisted in a mixture of anticonvulsive
      medicaments. The predominant rate of status epilepticus could be inhibited within
      24 hours, only 20 lasted a longer time.

PMID- 981985
TI  - Narcolepsy and hypersomnia: review and classification of 642 personally observed
      cases.
AB  - In this paper the author gives a survey and a classification of 642 cases of
      narcolepsy and hypersomnia which he himself studied in the course of 26 years.
      368 cases were classified as narcolepsy, 274 as hypersomnia. The author further
      classifies narcolepsies according to their etiology, clinical form and
      pathophysiological mechanisms of origin. Hypersomnias are divided by the author
      into the symptomatic and the functional groups. According to the author it is
      useful to distinguish "short cycle hypersomnia", i.e. those with short duration
      of sleep attacks (hours) and intervals, from "long cycle hypersomnia", i.e. those
      with long attacks (days or weeks) and intervals. The author goes on to describe
      different forms of symptomatic and functional hypersomnias, such as idiopathic
      hypersomnia, neurotic hypersomnia, the Pickwickian syndrome" and its variants as
      well as different varieties of periodic long cycle hypersomnias. Finally the
      author makes a brief mention of the syndrome of insufficiency of wakefulness.

PMID- 981986
TI  - [Modern images of womanhood and their relationship to fetishism].
AB  - The image of womanhood accepted by society has changed from the corseted lady at
      the beginning of the 20th century to the emancipated and booted woman of today.
      The dictates of fashion in clothing correspond to unconscious wishes nurtured by
      men; the present fashion enables latent fetishist tendencies to work themselves
      out within the social framework and is directed at creating the "phallic woman".
      The boot and leather fetishism masquerading under the guise of a fashionable
      trend sheds light on unconscious sexual behaviour in the male, the underlying
      psychodynamics of which are further illuminated by the -for the moment, at least-
      still "private" model of rubber fetishism. Similar arguments apply to the current
      wave of transvestism and pseudo-transvestism. An analysis of certain comic strips
      and television serials renders such tendencies even more clearly apparent. Both
      decorative art and the pop show business are showing signs of a trend towards an
      exchange of roles between the sexes; and ambisexual image valid for both sexes is
      now emerging.

PMID- 981987
TI  - [The psychopathology of early and chronic psychotic symptoms in young drug
      users].
AB  - Among the psychotic symptoms in juvenile drug-consumers one can find autonomous,
      i.e. drug-independent developments, whose connection with the drug-abuse is to be
      assessed in differing ways. A beginning psychosis can be modified in its actual
      symptoms by drug-consumption. On the other hand one must consider the
      manifestation of a latent psychosis or purely symptomatic psychosis, which, in
      its symptoms, can hardly be distinguished from schizophrenia. Finally drug
      induced personality-changes can develop together with secondary psychotic
      symptoms. Psychotic symptoms are determined and influenced in a varying degree by
      drugs. Both after short drug-consumption and after a longer drug-anamnesis with
      polytoxicomanic symptoms psychotic syndromes can be discovered. Even the initial
      psychotic symptoms can hint at an adverse development and a bad prognosis.
      Sometimes the drug-experiences conceal the autonomous development of the
      psychosis, which, as a rule, shows predominantly schizophrenic symptoms. In
      addition to a quick change of the actual symptoms, acute states of confusion and
      depressive-suicidal syndromes, flash-back and horror-trip phenomena, closely
      connected with the psychotic experience, and a schizophrenic colouring of
      affective psychoses can be found as frequently drug-induced modifications of the
      psychotic symptoms. Furthermore one finds an increase of symptoms and of the
      psychotic episodes in the case of psychoses of the schizophrenic variety which
      have already begun. Grave personality changes with psychotic symptoms after
      chronic drug-abuse can cause differential-diagnostic difficulties.

PMID- 981988
TI  - [Necrophilia in a 17 year old girl].
AB  - Case report of true necrophilia in a seventeen-year-old girl, which is the first
      description of such a behaviour in a woman. The possible development of the
      abnormal behaviour is discussed. A complete theory of necrophilia semms to be not
      yet possible because of the few cases described.

PMID- 981989
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in cartilage after intra-articular administration of
      osmium tetroxide and the sodium salts of fish oil fatty acids (Varicocid).
AB  - A clinical and experimental study was carried out on knee joints of rabbits and
      in humans. In one knee joint of each rabbit 0.3 ml 1% osmic acid or 0.3 ml 5%
      Varicocid was injected, the remaining uninjected joints serving as controls. The
      animals were killed after 1 and 24 hours, 15, 45 and 90 days. Study with the
      electron microscope after osmic acid injection revealed necrosis of the
      chondrocytes in the superficial layer and upper middle zone. The articulations
      injected with Varicocid exhibited only slight lesions of the chondrocytes in the
      upper layer, consisting of dilated rough endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondria
      lacking matrix and christae; the electron density of the layer seemed to be
      diminished. Biopsy of the non-weight-bearing cartilage of the lateral femoral
      condyle was performed in 4 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and arthritis of
      the knee in the onset stage. Two of these patients received one intra-articular
      injection of 10 ml 1% osmic acid, 5 ml 2% xylocaine and 50 mg hydrocortisone and
      the other 2 patients 6 ml 5% Varicocid. Biopsy of the cartilage in the areas
      adjacent to the site of the first biopsies 1 and 3 1/2 months after treatment
      with osmic acid and 2 and 3 1/2 months after treatment with Varicocid showed in
      the first two cases necrosis of the chondrocytes in the superficial layer and
      upper middle zone of the articular cartilage and depletion of the
      mucopolysaccharides in the ground substance, revealed by PAS and alcian blue
      staining. No lesion of the knee joint cartilage was observed in the other two
      cases. In view of the results obtained, chemical synovectomy with Varicocid can
      be considered as having received further support.

PMID- 981990
TI  - Arthritis mutilans (la main en lorgnette). A case report.

PMID- 981991
TI  - The effect of non-specifically acting transfer factor component on cellular
      immunity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A chromatographically purified component of human dialysable transfer factor with
      a non-specific stimulatory effect on the expression of immune response was used
      in a therapeutic trial in 8 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Enhancement
      of the delayed type of immune response, measured by skin testing, was seen in all
      cases, but in vitro reactions to test antigens were unaltered. Clinical
      improvement was seen in all patients with acute history and in 2 of the 5 chronic
      cases, but it is not certain whether this was caused by the improved immune
      reactivity, or whether this reflected the known variable natural history of the
      disease.

PMID- 981992
TI  - Chloroquine retinopathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - 270 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had received chloroquine
      therapy were examined ophthalmologically for toxic retinal lesions. The total
      annual dose of chloroquine was 70-75 g. The maximum total dose given was 1330 g.
      The duration of treatment ranged up to 15 years. The primary material was divided
      into four groups according to total chloroquine dose received: greater than 100
      g, 101-300 g, 301-600 g, and less than 600 g. Each dose group was arbitrarily
      split into two age groups, one with patients under 63 years of age and the other
      with patients over 63, in order to analyse the effect of age upon the ocular
      findings. In the present study, slight macular changes were included in the
      concept of maculopathy and were not thought to contra-indicate chloroquine
      therapy. Macular changes were found in about 25% of the patients, regardless of
      age in the lowest dosage group. The frequency of maculopathy increased with
      increasing total dose only in the older age group. It was also shown that the
      frequency of maculopathies and other eye diseases also increased with increasing
      age. This was evident even from the age of 50. The only patient with chloroquine
      retinopathy was an inadequately controlled 74-year-old woman. Chloroquine
      treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of any other disease which may
      cause retinopathy implies negligible risks in adult patients under 50 years of
      age. These patients could be less frequently checked. Older patients require
      regular ophthalmological checks. It is important to use the smallest effective
      dose possible, and never higher than 4 mg of chloroquine phosphate/kg body weight
      and day for 10 months annually; in elderly patients, preferably even lower doses.

PMID- 981993
TI  - Follow-up study of synovectomies of the knee joint in patients suffering from
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Synovectomies of the knee joint that were performed during the years 1960-65 at
      the Rheumatism Foundation Hospital because of rheumatoid arthritis have been re
      examined after the lapse of 9.5 years in 156 patients and 202 knee joints and 110
      non-operated knee joints of the same patients. Track of motion was helped both in
      synovectomized and in control knees. Deficiency of extension decreased only in
      the synovectomized knees; track of motion of the knee was improved by the
      operation. Swelling and pain appeared less often in operated than in control
      knees. The patient's own assessment of the operating results was good in 71% and
      poor in 12% of the cases. Radiological deterioration continued during the follow
      up period both in the operated and in the control knees, though it was more
      severe in the latter. There is a distinct negative correlation between severity
      of disease and the patients's ability to work. Within the limits of this survey
      it is not possible to prove that synovectomy halts the radiological destruction
      of the knee joint; it is mainly a question of a measure that retards the rate of
      deterioration. One of the chief advantages of synovectomy of the knee is that it
      helps the patient to live a normal life and makes it possible for him to
      participate in working life.

PMID- 981994
TI  - Post-yersinotic Reiter's disease in a physician treated with osmium tetroxide.
AB  - A case of general yersinosis in a male physician is described. Most probably the
      infection was acquired nosocomially in a paediatric ward. The infection affected
      several organs including the liver, but osmium tetroxide was nevertheless used to
      perform chemical synovectomy in a knee joint suffering from active arthritis. The
      arthritis was cured, and the already existing liver affection did not progress.
      The only complaint from the patient, months after the osmic acid injection, was a
      strong metallic taste on the tongue. More than a year after the intra-articular
      injection, the metallic taste disappeared. The amount of osmium in the patient's
      blood was then calculated to be less than 100 molecules of osmium per ml blood.

PMID- 981995
TI  - Late synovectomy of the hand in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - PIP joints, MCP joints and wrists of 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were
      operated on with late synovectomy. The rate of recurrence of local synovitis was
      about 5%, which contrasted favourably with a considerably higher rate of
      progression of bony erosions. The loss of range of movement was small to
      moderate. Pain was alleviated in most cases. The possibility of forecasting the
      results by preoperative parameters was limited. It was concluded that the main
      indication for late synovectomy of the hand was alleviation of pain. The
      prophylactic effect on joint destruction seemed to be both slight and
      unpredictable.

PMID- 981996
TI  - The effect of poly I:C (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) on hyaluronic acid
      production by human synovial fibroblasts. A preliminary report.

PMID- 981997
TI  - The role of the symptom in psychopathological states.

PMID- 981998
TI  - The significance of chemotherapy for relapses from respiratory tuberculosis.
AB  - Relapses were analysed among 1,000 patients with arrested pulmonary tuberculosis
      who lived in the suburban area of Copenhagen. They have been carefully followed
      through a period of up till 15 years. Relapses did not occur if the patients had
      had a full course of modern chemotherapy. Therefore, it is recommended that
      routine follow-up of these patients be abolished. But relapses were very frequent
      among patients who had received incomplete chemotherapy or no chemotherapy at
      all. Attempts have been made to identify the groups particularly prone to a
      relapse. Age, and the time interval since the previous disease were of
      importance. Otherwise, neither the character of the disease, the extent of X-ray
      lesions, the frequency of cavities, nor the conditions at time of cure seemed of
      significance. Therefore close attention should be paid to all previous
      tuberculosis patients who have not undergone adequate modern drug treatment and,
      in selected cases, to consider preventive chemotherapy.

PMID- 981999
TI  - The effect of voluntary hyperventilation on arterial blood gases and gas exchange
      in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - A 2 min test of voluntary hyperventilation (VHV) was performed on 19 patients
      with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and on eight control subjects. The
      average decrease in PaCO2 in the patients in this test was 4.6 mmHg (11%) and the
      average increase in PaO2 was 12.3 mmHg (19.1%). The average decrease of PaCO2 in
      control subjects was 16.5 mmHg (48.6%) and the average increase in PaO2 was 38.0
      mmHg (46.2%). In patients with COLD, PaCO2 changes during VHV correlated
      significantly with respiratory exchange ratio; the correlation with minute and
      alveolar ventilation and deltaVO2/deltaVE ratio during VHV was of borderline
      significance. PaCO2 changes during VHV did not correlate with FEV1 (percent of
      predicted) or FEV1/VC%. The possible mechanisms of changes in blood gas tensions
      during and after the end of VHV test are discussed. The VHV test seems to be
      useful in evaluation of patients with COLD.

PMID- 982000
TI  - Static mechanical lung properties in healthy children.
AB  - The elastic properties of the lung (elastic recoil and static compliance) have
      been studied in 27 children from 7 to 15 years of age by a quasi-static method.
      There is a significant relationship between the static expiratory compliance and
      the quasistatic pressures at different percentages of total lung capacity on the
      one hand, and height and age on the other. The specific compliance is independent
      of both height and age. The authors also use a sigmoid mathematical model based
      on the relationship between specific compliance and maximum pulmonary volume.
      This model fits well with the experimental data. Comparison is made with the
      currently used exponential model of Salazar & Knowles. The results favour the
      hypothesis of an increase in the number of alveoli all through childhood.

PMID- 982001
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the bronchial mucosa in some lung diseases using
      bronchoscopy specimens. A pilot study including cases of bronchial carcinoma,
      sarcoidosis, silicosis and tuberculosis.
AB  - In order to study the lung defence mechanisms and the mucociliary transport
      system scanning electron microscopy was performed on biopsy specimens obtained at
      bronchoscopy under local anaesthesia. There were great variations in the
      appearance of the cilitated epithelium from the large bronchi in 40 patients with
      bronchial carcinoma, sarcoidosis, silicosis, tuberculosis and other lung
      diseases. Areas with a low frequency of cilia were observed mainly in
      granulomatous disorders, and in silicosis, atypical cilia occurred abundantly.
      Squamous metaplasia with a complete loss of cilia was found in chronic
      bronchitis, bronchial carcinoma, after radiotherapy and in two of seven cases of
      sarcoidosis. Scanning electron microscopy seems to be an excellent method for
      studying the surface of the bronchial epithelium in many lung diseases, and may
      prove to be helpful in occupational medicine.

PMID- 982002
TI  - Acute renal failure subsequent to the administration of rifampicin. A follow-up
      study of cases reported earlier.
AB  - A clinical presentation is made of a 2-3 year follow-up of six cases of acute
      renal failure that have been reported earlier. The patients had developed
      transient renal failure after the intermittent administration of rifampicin. The
      stage of olig-anuria lasted for 1-3 weeks, and five of the patients were treated
      by hemodialysis. Two of the patients died due to unrelated causes during the
      follow-up period. The four patients re-examined were clinically cured. Pathologic
      findings by light microscopy and immunofluorescence at biopsy were scarce.
      Nothing abnormal was seen by electron microscopy in two of the cases studied.
      Renal function was normal. In three cases the excretion at 131I-hippuran
      renography was slightly slowed. Although in the acute stage the renal lesions
      histologically appeared toxic, evidence suggestive of an immunological mechanism
      cannot be excluded.

PMID- 982003
TI  - [Leaded gasoline and the problem of randomized studies].

PMID- 982004
TI  - [Prognostic factors concerning the survival time of Hodgkin's disease stage III
      and IV, treated with cytostatic agents].
AB  - On the basis of a retrospective study of 79 well-documented cases of Hodgkin's
      disease it has been possible to determine the prognostic significance of several
      factors in regard to 3-year survival. All patients evaluated were in stage III or
      IV and receiving polychemotherapy. According to the survival curves, the
      following factors adversely affected the prognosis to a significant extent:
      clinical stage IV, the presence of systemic symptoms, male sex, and failure to
      receive maintenance therapy. Also, patients treated by polychemotherapy only on
      relapse following other prior treatment, had a somewhat worse prognosis, though
      in out patient material this was not statistically significant. Other criteria
      significantly affecting the probability of 3-year survival in a negative sense
      were: decreased activity index, anemia, lymphopenia, elevated alkaline
      phosphatase values, low serum albumin and high serum globulin values. Elevated
      sedimentation rate, leukocytosis and leukopenia had no statistically significant
      influence upon survival.

PMID- 982005
TI  - [HL-A system and diabetes mellitus].
AB  - In 19 families of juvenile diabetes patients intravenous glucose tolerance was
      tested and HLA antigens were determined. A total of 68 first degree blood
      relations (siblings, parents, children) was studied. Taking the age dependent
      variabilities of the glucose assimilation coefficient (k-value) into
      consideration, glucose intolerance was found in 35.5% of the blood relations.
      Particularly in blood relations (above all in siblings) aged under 35 and with
      glucose intolerance, a trend to increased frequencies of those HLA antigens (B8,
      BW15, CW3) associated with juvenile diabetes was found, but it is not yet clear
      whether this association will be of practical significance.

PMID- 982006
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of the uterine portio vaginalis according to WHO nomenclature. I.
      Correlative revision of cytological and histological diagnoses as quality control
      of selected materials. Frequency and possible reasons for the lack of correlation
      of cytological and histological diagnoses].
AB  - Smears from the uterine cervix have been evaluated for neoplastic changes on the
      basis of descriptive terms. The material was obtained by a single gynecologist
      using a standardized sampling technique and the results were compared with the
      respective histological diagnoses. Material which was found to be unsuitable for
      technical reasons was excluded from this study. A 98.7% agreement between
      cytological and histological findings was noted. Discrepancies between
      cytological and histological findings were essentially due to differing
      dysplastic changes in the deeper layers of the surface epithelium and the
      cervical glands, which were not sampled by the smears on the surface layer. In a
      few cases the discrepancies could not be explained but they disappeared after
      several years of observation. The practitioner should be acquainted with the
      nomenclature used by cytologists. In his turn, the cytologist should be familiar
      with the pathological anatomy of the organ in question.

PMID- 982007
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of the uterine portio vaginalis according to WHO nomenclature. II.
      Clinical implications of descriptive cytological evaluations].
AB  - The evaluation of smears of the uterine cervix on the basis of descriptive terms
      requires the practitioner to be acquainted with the nomenclature used by
      cytologists. A theoretical scheme is provided which correlates the diagnostic
      features encountered with their respective clinical implications.

PMID- 982009
TI  - [Ayurveda].
AB  - The ancient medicine of India (ayurveda) is a broadly conceptualized anthropology
      embracing the whole human being without the Western body/soul dualism. A
      symptomatology based on careful observation leads, in conjunction with etiology,
      pathogenesis and pathology, with constitutional and personality features, to a
      differentiated nosology. This broad concept is matched by multidimensional
      therapy embracing pharmacologic, surgical, psychotherapeutic and "paramedical"
      measures. Ayurveda ("life knowledge") is a combination of religious,
      philosophical, anthropological, medical and psychological concepts. It is
      impressive how accurate the knowledge and description of psychiatric diseases
      already was 2,500 years ago, and how little these phenomena have changed with
      time. The therapeutic armamentarium (paramedical, psychotherapeutic and
      pharmacologic) of ayurveda psychiatry has not yet been sufficiently studied by
      scientific methods.

PMID- 982008
TI  - [Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma].
AB  - A case of diffused malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum in a 64-year-old man
      is presented. This mesothelioma, of the papillary type, was complicated, after a
      year without significant clinical symptoms, by the development of ascites and
      obstructive upper bowel ileus. Physiological-anatomical and clinical aspects, as
      well as special radiologic findings and therapeutic regimens, are discussed in
      the light of the literature. It is recommended that all patients with malignant
      mesothelioma of the peritoneum be treated by total abdominal irradiation and
      intreperitoneal instillation of colloid P32.

PMID- 982010
TI  - [Hormonal treatment of hirsutism].
AB  - In 44 hirsute women treated with antiandrogens, sequential administration of
      cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol produced a success rate of 87%. The mean
      duration of treatment was 9 months, and side effects were rare. Antiandrogens are
      therefore superior to conventional cosmetic methods, though prior hormonal
      analysis is indispensable.

PMID- 982011
TI  - [Mesosystolic click syndrome and arrhythmia].
AB  - On 24-hour ambulatory ECG, 17 patients with mitral valve prolapse displayed more
      frequent and serious arrhythmias than a control group of 17. Neither resting ECG,
      treadmill ECG, nor other external recordings were capable of predicting which of
      the patients were prone to development of arrhythmias.

PMID- 982012
TI  - [The benign symmetrical lipomatosis (adenolipomatosis Launois-Bensaude;
      Madelung's fat neck)].
AB  - A case of benign symmetric lipomatosis is reported in conjunction with a review
      of the literature. The association with metabolic disorders such as gout and
      hyperlipemia, as reported by others, is fortuitous and not statistically
      significant. The etiology of this rare type of lipomatosis is unknown; its
      treatment is surgical and should be confined to cases with symptoms of
      compression or extremely disturbing appearance.

PMID- 982013
TI  - [Is chronic constipation harmless? From cellulose to arteriosclerosis, colonic
      carcinoma and other "western" diseases].

PMID- 982014
TI  - [Isolated decalcifying algodystrophy of the hip].
AB  - Transitory demineralization of the hip, a special form of reflex sympathetic
      dystrophy, is a rare condition. It should however be distinguished from more
      severe conditions such as tuberculosis or neoplastic bone disease. The typical
      symptoms are illustrated from 3 personally observed cases. The patients, usually
      men between the ages of 30 and 50 years or women in the last months of pregnancy,
      suffer severe mechanical pain in the hip, with limping and weakness. They usually
      need crutches for walking. Clinical examination of the hip reveals only slight
      restriction of passive movements. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be
      slightly elevated. Bone scan discloses hypercaptation, while other laboratory
      tests are negative. A few weeks after onset of symptoms, pelvic X-rays show
      extreme demineralization of the femoral head. On the other hand, the joint space
      and bony contours remain intact. The prognosis is excellent and the symptoms
      disappear after a few months or after delivery.

PMID- 982015
TI  - [Pyrithyldione excretion in the urine. Methods and results from various
      collectives].
AB  - A simple thinlayer chromatographic method for the detection of pyrithyldion in 5
      ml of urine per analysis is described. Sensitivity (0.01 mug of pyrithyldion) and
      specificity (reaction still positive 5-6 days after injection of 50 mg of
      pyrithyldion) of the method are considered acceptable. The duration of
      elimination for pyrithyldion is relatively long (5-6 days). Epidemiological
      investigations were conducted in two different patient groups to analyze
      spontaneously voided urine samples. The incidence of positive urine samples in
      204 ambulatory internal medicine patients was only 0.5% for pyrithyldion and N
      acetyl-p-amino-phenol (the main metabolite of phenacetin). In contrast, the
      incidence in a specially selected group of 600 working women with regular intake
      of analgesics was much higher (between 17.7% and 28%) in the period 1969 to 1972.

PMID- 982017
TI  - [Splenic angioma with thrombocytopenia].
AB  - A case of splenectomy with thrombocytopenia but without hypersplenism is
      described. The etiology, proven by splenectomy, was a splenic angioma. The
      isotopic examinations necessary to localize the site of a vascular tumor and the
      relations between thrombocytopenia and hemangioma are discussed.

PMID- 982016
TI  - [Long-term results of fasting. Results from 132 consecutive patients after 1-6
      1/2 years].
AB  - 132 consecutive patients were reexamined 1-6.5 years (m = 2.8) after total
      fasting in hospital. 37 patients had continued to lose weight, 20 patients had
      maintained their fasting result (+/-2 kg) and 7 patients had slightly regained
      (less than 1/3 of their weight loss during fast). These 3 groups, totalling 64
      patients (48%), were considered successful. Their mean overweight was diminished
      from 57 to 29%, corresponding to a 60% reduction of mortality in certain age
      groups. On the other hand, 63 patients (48%) had regained more than 1/3 of their
      original weight loss. Five patients (4%) were lost to follow-up. Selection of
      patients and long-term follow-up appeared to have a decisive bearing on long-term
      results of fasting, whereas factors such as age, sex, degree of overweight, onset
      of overweight in childhood and sports were without significant effect. From the
      long-term results presented, it is concluded that under certain conditions
      fasting in hospital is warranted. Behaviour therapy is a possible alternative in
      the treatment of obesity.

PMID- 982018
TI  - [Athletic activity as therapy in mental illness].

PMID- 982020
TI  - Repetitive processes in child development.

PMID- 982019
TI  - [Infant swimming].

PMID- 982021
TI  - Visual cells in the pons of the brain.

PMID- 982023
TI  - Computing in the liberal arts college.

PMID- 982022
TI  - A model of nitrogenase active-centre and mechanism of nitrogenase catalysis.
AB  - Based upon the known reactions of nitrogenase and the principles of coordination
      catalysis, a model of nitrogenase active-centre is proposed. An octa-atomic
      cluster, Fe2S2-Mo2O2, of pseudo-cubane-type structure is supposed to form a
      coupled twin of trinuclear (2Mo-1Fe) active-centre, which also catalyzes the
      reduction of H+ to H2. With this model, mechanisms of all the known nitrogenase
      catalyzed reactions are explained, together with the non-inhibition of the
      hydrogen-evolution reaction by CO, and the mixed character of inhibition of other
      nitrogenase-catalyzed reactions. Electron transport by 2-stepped ATP-driving with
      some electron back-flow is shown to give a reasonable explanation for the
      observed ATP/2e- ratio and for the reductant-independent ATP hydrolysis catalyzed
      by nitrogenase. The close analogy between electron transport by 2-stepped ATP
      driving in nitrogenase catalysis and electron transport by 2-stepped photo
      driving in photosynthesis by green plants in illustrated.

PMID- 982024
TI  - Reinnervation of dentate gyrus by homologous afferents following entorhinal
      cortical lesions in adult rats.
AB  - Granule cells of the rat dentate gyrus which are denervated by unilateral
      destruction of the entorhinal cortex are reinnervated in part by proliferation of
      surviving pathways from the contralateral entorhinal cortex. The cells of origin
      of these lesion-induced projections were identified by retrograde labeling with
      horseradish peroxidase and were the same cell type which normally project to the
      ipsilateral dentate gyrus

PMID- 982025
TI  - Activation of histone gene transcription by nonhistone chromosomal
      phosphoproteins.
AB  - Hybridization analysis of RNA transcripts from HeLa S3 cell chromatin to histone
      complementary DNA indicates that a chromosomal phosphoprotein fraction activates
      transcription of histone messenger RNA sequences in vitro with chromatin from a
      phase in the cell cycle when histone genes are normally silent.

PMID- 982026
TI  - 5,6-Dichloro-1-Beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole inhibits initiation of nuclear
      heterogeneous RNA chains in HeLa cells.
AB  - The nucleoside analog 5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) at
      75 to 150 micromolar concentrations inhibits the synthesis of nuclear
      heterogeneous RNA (hnRNA) in HeLa cells by 60 to 70 percent. The sedimentation
      profile of hnRNA labeled with (3H)uridine for 45 seconds after brief treatment
      (45, 90, or 180 seconds) with DRB showed a progressive decrease in the labeling
      of shorter hnRNA molecules relative to longer molecules. Prior exposure of the
      cells to actinomycin D, an inhibitor of RNA chain elongation, did not alter the
      sedimentation profile of hnRNA. These results suggest that DRB preferentially
      inhibits the initiation of hnRNA chains so that after exposure to DRB for a brief
      period the longer nascent chains still remain to be finished and thus incorporate
      a greater share of the pulse label. By progressively increasing the time of
      exposure to DRB, and measuring the rate of increase in the average size of the
      labeled, nascent RNA, it was estimated that the chains were growing at rates
      between 50 and 100 nucleotides per second.

PMID- 982027
TI  - Jackrabbit ears: surface temperatures and vascular responses.
AB  - Blood flow to the ear pinnae is curtailed at ambient temperatures of between 1.4
      degrees and 24 degrees C, which minimizes heat loss across the pinnae and allows
      the surfaces of erect pinnae to approach ambient temperature. The pinnae are
      warmed by steady or pulsatile vasodilation in some animals when the ambient
      temperature is between 1 degree and 9 degrees C below body temperature, a
      response favoring heat loss. When ambient temperature exceeds body temperature by
      4 degrees to 5 degrees C, the pinnae are circulated with blood cooler than
      ambient temperature; this response favors heat influx.

PMID- 982028
TI  - Wheat gluten-schizophrenia findings.

PMID- 982029
TI  - Hydra hymanae: regulation of the life cycle by time and temperature.
AB  - Hydra hymanae, a hermaphroditic freshwater coelenterate, reproduces asexually at
      24 degrees C and sexually at 15 degrees C. The appearance of gonads begins 12
      days after transfer from 24 degrees to 15 degrees C and is complete 35 days after
      the temperature transition. Testes appear before eggs. Fifty percent of the
      mature embryos maintained at 15 degrees C hatch by day 61, but they have a low
      level of survival. Fifty percent of the mature embryos pretreated for from 5 to
      25 days at 4 degrees C hatch by about day 45, and these have a high level of
      survival. Embryos maintained at 4 degrees C for longer periods (55 to 85 days)
      accumulate in a prehatching state and hatch with a high degree of synchrony
      approximately 7.5 days after return to 15 degrees C. Populations derived from
      newly hatched polyps are refractory to sex induction for approximately 120 days.
      The system is well adapted to ensure a regular alternation of reproductive modes
      in the natural environment.

PMID- 982030
TI  - Amianthoid change: orientation of normal collagen fibrils during aging.
AB  - High-angle x-ray diffraction provides direct evidence that amianthoid change,
      occurring during aging of costal cartilage, corresponds to a transformation from
      an isotropic to a marked anisotropic distribution of collagen fibrils. Low-angle
      x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy show that the fibrils have the
      customary 67-nanometer axial periodicity. Electron microscopy shows that wide
      amianthoid collagen fibrils consist of smaller parallel fibrils fused together.
      Similarities between amianthoid change and tendon morphogenesis are briefly
      discussed. Amianthoid change is remarkable in that aging is accompanied by
      increased order.

PMID- 982031
TI  - Regulation of acetylcholine synthesis: does cytoplasmic acetylcholine control
      high affinity choline uptake?
AB  - When brain synaptosomes are obtained from animals that have been injected
      intravenously with [2H4]choline 1 minute before being killed, their high affinity
      [3H] choline uptake is correlated inversely with their acetylcholine content and
      directly with the rate at which they synthesize [2H4]acetylcholine. The control
      of such choline uptake by the cytoplasmic acetylcholine concentration is proposed
      as a mechanism regulating acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic nerve terminals.

PMID- 982032
TI  - Tail-pinch stimulation: sufficient motivation for learning.
AB  - A paper clip applied to the tails of rats induced gnawing and eating, which
      decreased in latency and increased in duration with experience. With sustained
      pressure to the tail, rats learned a new habit in order to gain access to wood
      chips on which to gnaw. That these are also properties of behavior elicited by
      electrical brain stimulation suggests that both manipulations may act through the
      same mechanism. These results support the hypothesis that a nonspecific arousing
      stimulus can be a sufficient condition for establishing learned habits.

PMID- 982034
TI  - Clinical judgment: psychological research and medical practice.

PMID- 982033
TI  - Average proteins and the genetic code.

PMID- 982035
TI  - Extended helical conformation newly observed in protein folding.
AB  - A new secondary structure, which shows regularity within the experimental error,
      is noticed in alpha-chymotrypsin, and considering its extended nature, the name
      epsilon-helix has been suggested for the same. The average observed values of phi
      and psi for this conformation are -93 degrees and +146 degrees, respectively. The
      helical parameters turn out to be n = 2.7 and h = 3.3 angstroms.

PMID- 982036
TI  - Sodium liquid ion exchanger microelectrode used to measure large extracellular
      sodium transients.
AB  - A new liquid membrane microelectrode has been developed that is easily fabricated
      and can measure fast sodium transients in the presence of potassium interference.
      It responds to a sudden change in sodium activity within 1 second. The electrode
      has been used to provide the first direct evidence of large sodium transients in
      the extracellular space of the brain of the catfish.

PMID- 982037
TI  - Stereochemical requirements for intercalation of platinum complexes into double
      stranded DNA's.
AB  - The complexes 1,10-phenanthrolineethylenediamineplatinum(II) and 2,2'
      bipyridineethylenediamineplatinum(II) have a planar, aromatic ligand system that
      facilitates intercalation, as shown by their ability to unwind closed circular
      duplex DNA. Nonbonded steric interactions can rotate the pryidine ligands out of
      the coordination plane in bis(pyridine)ethylenediamineplatinum(II), thus
      preventing intercalation. Fiber x-ray diffraction patterns of the two
      metallointeracalators indicate that the binding is governed by the neighbor
      exclusion principle.

PMID- 982038
TI  - Sex-specific cannibalism in the rotifer Asplanchna sieboldi.
AB  - In one clone, large-morphotype females rarely exhibit tactile feeding responses
      to their ingestible, male clonemates but readily attack small-morphotype female
      clonemates and males of another, taxonomically distinct, clone. In the latter
      clone, cannibal females lack such selectivity, but their males are well protected
      from capture by very large, lateral body-wall outgrowths.

PMID- 982039
TI  - Sleep in mammals: ecological and constitutional correlates.
AB  - The interrelationships between sleep, ecological, and constitutional variables
      were assessed statistically for 39 mammalian species. Slow-wave sleep is
      negatively associated with a factor related to body size, which suggests that
      large amounts of this sleep phase are disadvantageous in large species.
      Paradoxical sleep is associated with a factor related to predatory danger, which
      suggests that large amounts of this sleep phase are disadvantageous in prey
      species.

PMID- 982040
TI  - Filaroides hirthi: experimental transmission among beagle dogs through ingestion
      of first-stage larvae.
AB  - Four beagle dogs were found to be infected with sexually mature Filaroides hirthi
      lungworms from 1 to 3 months after they ingested material containing first-stage
      larvae opens the theoretical possibility of autoinfection of which few nematode
      parasites are capable.

PMID- 982041
TI  - Antiserum to brain gangliosides produces recurrent epileptiform activity.
AB  - A single injection of 10 microliters of antiserum to total brain ganglioside onto
      (and into) the sensorimotor cortex of the rat resulted in recurrent spiking in
      the cortical electroencephalogram, lasting from 7 to 17 days. Absorption of
      antibody with pure monosialoganglioside (GM1) completely abosished the effect.
      Spiking was reactivated after 4 weeks by intramuscular injection of
      pentylenetetrazole.

PMID- 982042
TI  - A mallophaga, Trinoton anserinum, as a cyclodevelopmental vector for a heartworm
      parasite of waterfowl.
AB  - The biting louse Trinoton anserinum serves as the intermediate host in the life
      cycle of the filarial heartworm, Sarconema eurycerca. Microfilariae, second-, and
      third-stage larvae were dissected from 39 of 89 lice infesting whistling swans,
      Cygnus columbianus columbianus, in North America and mute swans, Cygnus olor, in
      the Black Sea, U.S.S.R. Infective third-stage larvae obtained from lice collected
      from heartworm-parasitized whistling swans were injected subcutaneously into each
      of two hand-reared, nonparasitized mute swan cygnets. Both of these birds
      developed heartworm infections, one becoming microfilaremic at 14 weeks. The
      results of this study provide conclusive evidence that a mallophagan serves as a
      natural cyclodevelopmental vector of a filarial parasite.

PMID- 982043
TI  - An animal behavior model for studying the actions of LSD and related
      hallucinogens.
AB  - Cats injected with LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) exhibit a group of
      behaviors that appear to be specific to hallucinogenic drugs. Two of these
      behaviors, limb flick and abortive grooming, have an extremely low frequency of
      occurrence in normal cats, but often dominate the behavior of LSD-treated cats.
      The frequency of occurrence of this group of behaviors is related to the dose of
      LSD. The behavioral changes are long-lasting following a single injection of LSD,
      and exhibit tolerance following the repeated administration of LSD. They are not
      elicited by a variety of control drugs, but are elicited by other indole nucleus
      hallucinogens. Because the behavioral effects are specific, reliable, easy to
      score, and quantifiable, they represent an animal model that can be used in
      studies of the effects of LSD and related hallucinogens.

PMID- 982044
TI  - Plasma membrane vesiculation: a new technique for isolation of plasma membranes.
AB  - Monolayer cell cultures of macrophages, monocytes, myoblasts, and density
      inhibited and transformed fibroblasts form and release cell surface membrane
      vesicles following exposure to formaldehyde, related low-molecular-weight
      aldehydes, and disulfide blocking agents. Vesicles have a unique composition of
      proteins and lipids. They show enrichment of cholesterol and sphingomyelin
      content and a seven-to tenfold enrichment of 5'-nucleotidase activity. Vesicles
      also contain intramembranous particles and show a trilamellar unit membrane and
      no ultrastructural evidence of contamination with other cytoplasmic organelles.
      The technique is proposed as a novel method for isolating plasma membrane
      vesicles from cells in culture.

PMID- 982045
TI  - Karyotypic analysis and evidence of tetraploidy in the North American paddlefish,
      Polyodon spathula.
AB  - A model chromosome number of 120 was obtained for the ancient fish. Polyodon
      spathula (Pisces: Chondrostei). The karyotype consists of 48 macrochromosomes and
      72 microchromosomes. The microchromosomes are like those found in certain other
      primitive fishes as well as in reptiles and birds. The possiblity that Polyodon
      is a species of tetraploid origin is strongly suggested by the fact that the 120
      chromosomes are easily arranged into 30 groups of four homologs each.
      Evolutionary comparisons are made with other primitive fish groups.

PMID- 982046
TI  - Evidence of morphological and physiological transformation of mammalian cells by
      strong magnetic fields.
AB  - Cultures of L-929 and WI-38 cells, frozen to 4.2 degrees K and exposed for 4 to 8
      hours to 5000-oersted magnetic fields, were markedly inhibited in their growth as
      compared to controls. In cultures grown on cover slips, approximately 7 days
      after exposure, morphologically distinct cells emerged and were propagated from
      generation to generation; 3 weeks later, in flask cultures, contact inhibition
      was abolished. It is concluded that under certain experimental conditions, strong
      magnetic fields induce morphological and physiological transformations of target
      cells.

PMID- 982047
TI  - Thermal stability of human DNA and chimpanzee DNA heteroduplexes.
AB  - The base pairing fidelity of heteroduplexes formed from human DNA and chimpanzee
      DNA has been studied by the criterion of thermal stability to test the
      evolutionary conservation of repeated DNA base sequences.

PMID- 982048
TI  - Calcinogenic factor in Solanum malacoxylon: evidence that it is 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3-glycoside.
AB  - After glycosidic cleavage of the water-soluble vitamin D-like principle of the
      calcinogenic plant Solanum malacoxylon, the active lipophilic portion was
      purified by column chromatography and analyzed by combined gas chromatography and
      mass spectrometry. It was identified as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form
      of vitamin D. Thus this active metabolite of vitamin D exists in the plant world,
      and its presence probably accounts for pathologic calcification in grazing
      animals ingesting Solanum malacoxylon.

PMID- 982049
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for creatine kinase isoenzymes.
AB  - Creatine kinase has three isoenzymes designated MM, MB, and BB, with BB being the
      grain form and MM the muscle form. Antibodies to BB creatine kinase were obtained
      by immunization of rabbits with human BB creatine kinase. The antibodies
      demonstrated specificity for BB and MB creatine kinase (myocardial isoenzyme) but
      no cross-reactivity with MM creatine kinase. With the use of this antibody, a
      highly sensitive radioimmunoassay capable of measuring picomolar amounts of MB
      creatine kinase has been developed. Clinical application of this method should
      provide a sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 982050
TI  - Early eye removal produces excessive bilateral branching in the rat: application
      of cobalt filling method.
AB  - When one eye of a rat is removed at birth, axons from the remaining eye form an
      excess of branches which are directed to both sides of the brain. This finding,
      which is based on a novel application of cobalt tracing methods, provides an
      explanation for previous reports of expanded uncrossed projections after early
      eye removal.

PMID- 982051
TI  - Risk of communicable disease infection associated with wastewater irrigation in
      agricultural settlements.
AB  - The incidence of enteric communicable diseases in 77 kibbutzim (agricultural
      communal settlements) practicing wastewater spray irrigation with partially
      treated nondisinfected oxidation pond effluent is compared with that in 130
      kibbutzim practicing no form of wastewater irrigation. The incidence of
      shigellosis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, and infectious hepatitis is two to
      four times higher in communities practicing wastewater irrigation. No significant
      differences are found for the incidence of streptococcal infections,
      tuberculosis, and laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza. Nor are differences
      found for enteric disease rates during the winter nonirrigation season. Strong
      wastewater treatment measures, including effective bacterial and viral
      inactivation through disinfection, are recommended for all cases of sewage
      irrigation or land disposal near residential areas in light of the potential
      public health risks involved.

PMID- 982052
TI  - Relaxin: a product of the human corpus luteum of pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma samples from peripheral and ovarian veins were obtains from women at
      cesarean section. A peptide that immunologically cross-reacts with a specific
      antiserum to porcine relaxin is present in all samples. Its concentration is four
      times higher in the ovarian vein draining the ovary, which contains the corpus
      luteum of pregnancy, than in either the peripheral vein or the contralateral
      ovarian vein. Secretion of ovarian relaxin correlates with secretion of ovarian
      progesterone, thus providing another index of luteal function.

PMID- 982053
TI  - Bacillus thuringiensis enzyme-digested delta endotoxin: effect on cultured insect
      cells.
AB  - Cells from three insect cell lines responded to the enzyme-digested delta
      endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis with swelling, lysis, and vesicle formation.
      Sufficient toxin was taken up in 1 minute to cause half-maximal cell damage.
      Cytoxic activity was neutralized by specific antiserum to the endotoxin.

PMID- 982054
TI  - Prenatal experience and avian development: brief auditory stimulation accelerates
      the hatching of Japanese quail.
AB  - A single 2-hour exposure to auditory stimulation at any point during the final 3
      days of incubation accelerates the hatching of Japanese quail. The 3-day
      sensitive period includes both prenatal and perinatal stages of incubation. So
      far as is known these results provide the first unequivocal evidence that short
      term prenatal sensory stimulation can affect the development of an avian embryo.

PMID- 982055
TI  - Trail marking by larvae of the eastern tent caterpillar.
AB  - Eastern tent caterpillars that are successful foragers deposit trails as they
      return to the tent that are more attractive than the exploratory trails of the
      unfed larvae. The trails of these fed returning larvae attract unfed tentmates to
      food finds anre chemical factors account for the attractiveness of these trails.

PMID- 982056
TI  - A blind fish can school.
AB  - Vision is not required in order for fish to school. Five individual saithe,
      Pollachius virens, were able to join schools of 25 normal saithe swimming in an
      annular tank, while blinded with opaque eye covers. Test fish maintained position
      within the school indefinitely and responded to short-term movements of
      individuals within the school, although quantitative differences in reaction time
      and schooling behavior were noted. Five fish with lateral lines cut at the
      opercula were unable to school when wearing opaque eye covers. Although it is
      unlikely that blind saithe could school in the wild, the constraints of the
      apparatus permitted a demonstration of a role of the lateral line organ in
      schooling.

PMID- 982057
TI  - Cannabinoid induced behavioral convulsions in rabbits.
AB  - A population of New Zealand White rabbits has been found to exhibit behavioral
      convulsions when given low intravenous doses of psychoactive cannabinoids of
      marijuana. The behavioral convulsions decrease in severity and then disappear
      after the long-term administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The extreme
      sensitivity of these rabbits to the stimulant action of cannabinoids suggests
      that the population might serve as a model in studies of the stimulant action of
      cannabinoids.

PMID- 982058
TI  - Nitrous oxide "analgesia": resemblance to opiate action.
AB  - Nitrous oxide produced a dose-related "analgesia" in mice (median effective dose,
      55 percent). The analgesia was evaluated by means of a phenylquinone writhing
      test. Narcotic antagonists or chronic morphinization reduced nitrous oxide
      analgesia. Either nitrous oxide releases an endogenous analgesic or narcotic
      antagonists have analgesic antagonist properties heretofore unappreciated.

PMID- 982059
TI  - Effect of charcoal-broiled beef on phenacetin metabolism in man.
AB  - When charcoal-broiled beef was fed to human volunteers, who were then given
      phenacetin orally, the concentration of phenacetin in the plasma was lowered, but
      its half-life in the plasma was not changed. The data suggest that feeding
      charcoal-broiled beef enhances the metabolism of orally administered phenacetin
      in the intestine or during its first pass through the liver, or both.

PMID- 982060
TI  - Impurities in labeled diethylstilbestrol: identification of
      pseudodiethylstilbestrol.
AB  - Radioactive impurities known to exist in labeled diethylstilbestrol used in
      tissue residue studies in cattle include at least five different compounds, one
      of which is identified as pseudodiethylstilbestrol.

PMID- 982061
TI  - Interindividual variation in binding of benzo[a]pyrene to DNA in cultured human
      bronchi.
AB  - The binding of benzo[a]pyrene to DNA in cultured human bronchus was measured in
      specimens from 37 patients. The binding values ranged from 2 to 151 picomoles of
      benzo[a]pyrene per milligram of DNA with an overall mean +/- standard error of
      34.2 +/- 5.2. This 75-fold interindividual variation in the binding of
      benzo[a]pyrene to DNA is similar in magnitude to that found in pharmacogenetic
      studies of drug metabolism. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase is also inducible by
      benz[a]anthracene in the bronchial mucosa.

PMID- 982062
TI  - 25-hydroxyvitamin D: autoradiographic evidence of sites of action in epiphyseal
      cartilage and bone.
AB  - Tritiated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was administered to growing rats to
      morphologically documents its sites of action. Highly selective incorporation
      occurred in epiphyseal hypertrophic cells, epiphyseal matrix, osteoid,
      osteoblasts, and osteocytes of metaphyseal bone spicules. The labeled metabolite
      appeared in chondrocytic lacunar matrix coincident with hypertrophic cell death
      as evidenced by histological examination. The tritiated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
      became localized only in areas of active mineralization.

PMID- 982063
TI  - Rod outer segment disk shedding in rat retina: relationship to cyclic lighting.
AB  - When albino rats are reared in cyclic light, a burst of rod outer segment disk
      shedding occurs in the retina soon after the onset of light. The number of large
      packets of outer segment disks (phagosomes) in the pigment epithelium at this
      time is 2.5 to 5 times greater than at any other time of day or night. The
      subsequent degradation of large phagosomes to smaller structures within pigment
      epithelial cells proceeds rapidly. The burst of disk shedding follows a circadian
      rhythm for at least 3 days, since it occurs in continuous darkness at the same
      time without the onset of light.

PMID- 982064
TI  - Time-dependent disruption of morphine tolerance by electroconvulsive shock and
      frontal cortical stimulation.
AB  - Electroconvulsive shock or frontal cortex stimulation administered to rats at 5
      but not at 180 minutes after an initial administration of morphine sulfate
      disrupted the development of one-trial tolerance to the analgesic effects of
      morphine sulfate. It is suggested that development of tolerance may be mediated
      by cellular mechanisms and memory processes similar to those thought to underlie
      conventional learning.

PMID- 982065
TI  - Perceptual analysis of moving patterns.
AB  - Configurations of moving points are often perceptually analyzed into relative and
      common vectors that are different from the actual motions. If a movement
      configuration is abruptly replaced by a test point whose objective velocity
      continues the apparent (but illusory) course of one of the original points,
      observers perceive that course as uninterrupted and colinear. This finding
      provides a quantitative measure of the vector extraction phenomenon and was used
      to show that neither of the two current models adequately fits that phenomenon.

PMID- 982066
TI  - [Long-term study of exercise tolerance in angina patients treated with
      perhexiline].

PMID- 982067
TI  - [Clinical and electroencephalographic aspects of encephalopathy caused by
      insoluble bismuth salts. Apropos of 9 cases].

PMID- 982068
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac arthritis].

PMID- 982069
TI  - [Therapeutic requirements of non-insulin dependent diabetes and its variants].

PMID- 982070
TI  - [Prescription of personalized diets using a computer].

PMID- 982071
TI  - [Pharyngeal paresthesia. Therapeutic considerations, value of using sulpiride].

PMID- 982072
TI  - [Iatrogenic digestive disorders].

PMID- 982073
TI  - [Therapeutic value of the carboxylic thiazolidine acid and sorbitol combination
      in the treatment of dyspepsia of entero-hepato-biliary origin].

PMID- 982074
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Current data on TRIAC].

PMID- 982075
TI  - Experimental models for evaluation of radioactive tumor-localizing agents.
AB  - Although subject to limitations, there is a need for carefully controlled
      laboratory studies using animal tumor models in research on tumor-localizing
      agents. This paper reviews the literature relating to the more important
      transplantable tumor systems, spontaneous or induced, as to origin, host, site,
      and radioactive agent used. The historical background of animal tumor models is
      discussed, including such technical aspects as source of tumor, techniques of
      transplantation, transplantation sites, and maintenance of transplants. Also,
      considered are the use of animal tumor models as predictive systems, expression
      of experimental results of quantitative studies of tissue uptake and comparative
      radionuclide tumor and distributional studies, and suggestions for future
      studies, such as the need of more intensive study of existing tumor models for a
      better understanding of the relationship between animal and human tumors, the
      need for the development of new tumor model systems, and for standardization of
      experimental protocols and procedures. A total of 48 t,mor models (26 in mice, 11
      in rats, 7 in hamsters, 2 in rabbits, and 2 in dogs) are presented in seven
      tables dividing the models into tumors of epithelial tissue, connective tissue,
      hematopoietic tissues, melanin-forming tissue, neural tissues, undetermined site
      of origin or undifferentiated histologic pattern, and miscellaneous background.
      The use of animal tumor models in cancer research, which utilizes radionuclides,
      permits the investigator to do many things not permissible with human beings, but
      the extrapolation of animal results to human beings must be approached with
      caution, Although malignant disease, whether in animals or man, must be
      individualized, certain trends in animal studies can be observed. It is the goal
      of the laboratory investigator to be able to indicate to the clinician those
      trends or phenomena that, when repeatedly observed in animal model systems, may
      be applicable to an understanding of malignant disease in man.

PMID- 982076
TI  - Mechanisms for localization of radiopharmaceuticals in neoplasms.
AB  - Localization of a radiopharmaceutical agent in a "tumor" is best conceptualized
      in terms of the altered regional physiology attendant to the presence of the
      "tumor". Such localization should be expected to occur in association with other
      disease states characterized by similar altered regional physiology. Neoplasms,
      areas of inflammation, and certain phases of infarct development are
      characterized by increased permeability of their capillary beds to
      macromolecules. This is largely due to neovascularization and the large
      intercapillary pores associated with new growth of capillary beds in these
      circumstances. Often, total perfusion to such lesions is increased in comparison
      to surrounding normal tissue. Thus, in all three clinical conditions, the entry
      of macro-molecules into the interstitial fluid space from the intravascular space
      is increased above that seen in normal tissue. Moreover, with neoplasms and
      inflammatory processes, there may be a delay in new lymphatic vessel growth
      adding to the residence time of the macromolecules in the interstitial fluid
      space. In all three conditions, the increased macrophage activity associated with
      tissue necrosis may result in ingestion of the labeled macromolecule by the
      macrophage. Pinocytosis may result in ingestion of the labeled macromolecule by
      other cells in the lesion, or there may be specific receptor sites on the cell
      membrane for the macromolecule, which may lead to fixation of the labeled
      macromolecule on the cell surface and possible intracellular translocation of the
      label itself. Radiolabeled macromolecules such as albumin, fibrinogen, or gamma
      globulins, and radionuclides that bind to macromolecules such as radiogallium,
      radioindium, and other radioelements, exhibit localizing behavior in tumors,
      inflammatory lesions, and during certain stages of infarcts. In the case of
      radiogallium and radioindium, the binding macromolecule is transferrin, and it is
      known that some cells have specific receptor sites for transferrin-bound iron on
      the cell membrane. It is possible that certain cells within these lesions have
      cell membrane receptor sites for radiogallium- and radioindium-labeled
      transferrin, and the cell erroneously accepts these radioelements from the
      transferrin in lieu of iron in attempting to engage in heme enzyme synthesis.
      Another mechanism that may be operative in the localization of agents in
      neoplasms, infarcts, and inflammatory lesions may be the altered cell
      permeability found in many cells of such lesions. It is known that many agents,
      such as supravital dyes, are excluded from entering normal cells by the selective
      permeability of normal cell membranes. When cell membrane permeability is
      altered, such as can be seen in traumatized, dying, or dead cells, the normally
      excluded agent may penetrate the abnormal cell membrane and bind, and
      consequently accumulate in intracellular constituents.

PMID- 982077
TI  - The relationship of head and neck irradiation to the subsequent development of
      thyroid neoplasms.
AB  - Individuals who have received head and neck radiation for benign conditions have
      a markedly increased risk of developing thyroid, salivary, and perhaps breast
      cancer as compared to the general population. Although the relative risk is very
      high, the absolute risk that any one individual who has had head or neck
      irradiation will develop a subsequent malignancy is low. Identification of these
      patients through some type of screening procedure may be beneficial in terms of
      prevention of subsequent morbidity and perhaps mortality from cancer, especially
      thyroid and salivary cancer. The risks of any detection or prophylaxis program
      must be carefully weighed against the probable, but unproved benefits of early
      detection. A major unresolved question is the natural history of microscopic
      thyroid carcinoma in the 25 yr-40 yr old radiation exposed population.

PMID- 982078
TI  - Nutrition and cancer.

PMID- 982079
TI  - Tobacco and tobacco smoke.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a causal relation between smoking of
      cigarettes and cancer of the lung in man. Women smokers, cigar, and pipe smokers
      also face an increased risk for lung cancer. Prospective and retrospective
      studies have found a correlation between smoking of cigarettes, cigars, and pipes
      and cancer of the oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus and for cigarette smokers
      increased risks to develop cancer of the pancreas, kidney, and urinary bladder.
      Dose responses have been established between number of cigarettes smoked and
      cancer of the respiratory and upper digestive tract. Tobacco chewers face an
      increased risk for cancer of the mouth and esophagus. Tobacco smoke has induced
      tumors of the lung in the dogs and of the larynx of hamsters. The particulate
      matter of the smoke is carcinogenic to the skin of mice and rabbits, and the
      bronchi and connective tissue of rats. In tobacco smoke were identified tumor
      initiators, tumor promoters, cocarcinogens and organ specific carcinogens.
      Chewing tobacco is a tumor promoting agent and contains traces of tobacco
      specific and carcinogenic nitrosamines. Ten to 15 yr after giving up smoking the
      ex-smoker faces the same low risk to develop cancer of the upper digestive tract,
      the lung, the pancreas, and the urinary tract as the nonsmoker. It should be our
      goal, therefore, to prevent young people from starting the smoking habit and to
      convince the smoker to quit smoking. So far, we can report no success in terms of
      decreasing smoking habits among younger people. On the other hand, we can take
      satisfaction from the fact that antismoking propaganda has had an effect on
      college educated males, that among the population as a whole, there is a
      considerable number of exsmokers; that smoking cessation clinics do prove cost
      effective and if they were to become part of every health care center, they could
      help a large number of heavy smokers who cannot seem to stop smoking on their
      own. We can also report that there has been a significant reduction in the tar
      yield of American cigarettes, a reduction which we hope will continue; that the
      tumorigenic activity of tobacco as measured in animal studies, has decreased; and
      that as a consequence of the above, the risk of lung cancer and other tobacco
      related cancers among smokers of these cigarettes is lower than in years past. It
      is unlikely that man will ever be able to inhale smoke components as harmless as
      unpolluted air, but as long as we have a society which accepts this habit and as
      long as people find satisfaction in smoking, we must work towards the day when
      tobacco-related cancers and other diseases will be reduced to a minimum. With the
      world wide coperation of the scientific community, the Departments of
      Agriculture, and the tobacco industry, it is our hope that this goal will be
      achieved.

PMID- 982080
TI  - Oncogenic DNA viruses--replication, tumor gene expression, and role in human
      cancer.

PMID- 982081
TI  - The intraocular lens-miracle or menace?

PMID- 982082
TI  - What are the issues?

PMID- 982083
TI  - The pioneer spirit saves sight.

PMID- 982084
TI  - Reiter's syndrome--treatment with methotrexate.

PMID- 982085
TI  - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the diagnosis of smallpox.

PMID- 982086
TI  - Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries.

PMID- 982087
TI  - Primary carcinoma of duodenum--a case report.

PMID- 982088
TI  - Pachydermoperiostosis: (idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy). Report of a
      case in the Chinese with a short review of the literature.

PMID- 982089
TI  - Neonatal intestinal obstruction by meconium plug relieved by Gastrografin enema.

PMID- 982090
TI  - Rupture of diaphragm after non-penetrating injury.

PMID- 982091
TI  - Non-agglutinable vibrios causing cholera-like disease in Singapore.

PMID- 982093
TI  - Good medicine--the 9th S.M.A. lecture.

PMID- 982092
TI  - Psychological effects of abortion (a study of 1739 cases).

PMID- 982094
TI  - Skin reactivity to household aeroallergens in children with bronchial asthma.

PMID- 982095
TI  - Decompression sickness in diving.

PMID- 982096
TI  - Muddy medical writing: is the culprit "bad grammar," technologic terminology,
      committee authorship, or undisciplined reasoning.

PMID- 982097
TI  - High school football injuries.

PMID- 982098
TI  - High school football injuries: prevention of injury to the central nervous
      system.
AB  - Injuries to the head, neck, and spinal cord of high school athletes account for
      over 90% of the fatalities directly related to football. Preseasonal and seasonal
      guidelines that have proven to be helpful in the prevention of these injuries are
      presented.

PMID- 982099
TI  - Harrington instrumentation in fractures and dislocations of the thoracic and
      lumbar spine.
AB  - Harrington instrumentation was used to treat 23 injuries of the thoracic and
      lumbar spine accompanied by neural damage encountered during an 8 1/2-year
      period. The indication for the use of Harrington instrumentation is instability
      of the thoracic or lumbar spine due to trauma, laminectomy, or both. Of the 13
      patients with incomplete neural lesions in the series, 12 improved. One of these
      was a cauda equina lesion. No patient in the series was neurologically worse
      after operation, in contrast to other reported series in which laminectomy alone
      was done. It is concluded that Harrington instrumentation is the strongest
      available system of internal fixation, and the only one that permits reduction of
      nearly all traumatic spinal deformities at the time of operation.

PMID- 982100
TI  - Usefulness of serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations in monitoring
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured during chemotherapy
      for metastatic cancer in 94 patients. Criteria for chemotherapy responses were
      those used by the Central Oncology Group. Patients were classified according to
      changes in CEA levels and response to chemotherapy. Four categories represented a
      positive correlation: (1) increasing abnormal CEA with progressing disease, (2)
      decreasing abnormal CEA with disease regression, (3) unchanged abnormal CEA with
      stable disease, (4) change from normal to abnormal CEA with progressive disease.
      Positive correlation of serial CEA levels with clinical responses occurred in 71%
      of patients with GI cancer, 51% with breast cancer, 42% with sarcoma, 50% with
      respiratory cancer, and 25% with melanoma. These data indicate that serial CEA
      determinations may be of value as an additional parameter of response to
      chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer.

PMID- 982101
TI  - Current management of pelvic fractures: a combined surgical-angiographic approach
      to hemorrhage.
AB  - Pelvic retroperitoneal hemorrhage after pelvic fracture accounts for the high
      mortality and morbidity associated with this injury, a concept confirmed by
      analysis of 357 patients with pelvic fractures at the University of Kentucky
      Medical Center. The overall mortality of 9.8% was almost exclusively limited to
      patients with unstable fractures or crush injuries. The reliability of diagnostic
      peritoneal lavage in excluding associated intraperitoneal injury and the
      recognized utility of angiographic methods in identifying the site of bleeding
      constitute a major advance in management. Prompt angiographic definition of
      injury to major arterial trunks can lead to early operative intervention for
      direct vascular control. Bleeding from branches of the hypogastric artery can be
      managed effectively by clot embolization technic, avoiding operation. Venous
      bleeding is best treated by tamponade in most cases.

PMID- 982102
TI  - Practical uses of a quantitative renal scintillation camera study.
AB  - A quantitative renal scintillation camera study has been described for the
      evaluation of total renal function and the split function of the two kidneys by a
      noninvasive technic. It requires no patient preparation, is not affected by bowel
      gas, and no allergic reactions have been reported. Six cases are reported to
      illustrate its usefulness with renal tumors, neurogenic bladders, pyelonephritis,
      nephrolithiasis, congenital anomalies, and renal insufficiency.

PMID- 982103
TI  - Anesthesia for EMI scanning in infants and small children.
AB  - Computerized transverse axial scanning is a new, noninvasive method of diagnosing
      intracranial and orbital lesions. It is mandatory that the patient's head be
      motionless throughout the scanning procedure. This requirement creates problems
      in managing infants and small children for the scanning process. Ketamine
      hydrochloride was given intramuscularly to produce the desired motionless stated
      in 47 consecutive infants and small children. Satisfactory scans were obtained in
      all except two cases. Contraindications and precautions to be observed using this
      technic are discussed. It is believed that intramuscularly administered ketamine
      is a safe, effective means of providing immobilization for EMI scanning in
      infants and small children who are normotensive and show no evidence of
      definitely increased intracranial pressure.

PMID- 982104
TI  - The Ocusert pilocarpine system: advantages and disadvantages.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with glaucoma were treated with the Ocusert pilocarpine
      system, a unique method of providing round-the-clock delivery of pilocarpine in
      the eye for seven-day periods. Advantages of the device include therapeutic
      effectiveness and continuous release rate, less effect on accommodation, less
      miosis, convenience for the patient, and reliability in patients who must rely on
      others for treatment (eg, children and the elderly). Some disadvantages
      encountered were need for instruction and encouragement of patients; retention
      difficulties, with some patients unaware when the device was lost; occasional
      side effects of a cutting sensation (as when the Ocusert sometimes doubles over),
      movement in the eye, and transient blurring of vision and miosis; and high cost.
      Overall, when compared to pilocarpine eyedrops, the Ocusert pilocarpine system
      presents many definite advantages and is a highly desirable method of therapy in
      selected cases of glaucoma.

PMID- 982105
TI  - Gallbladder disease in patients 20 years of age and under.
AB  - Cholecystitis is uncommon in individuals under 21 years of age and, when present,
      usually is associated with pregnancy, sepsis, metabolic defects, hemolytic
      anemia, or hereditary disorders. Over the past 4 1/2 years, 92 patients 20 years
      of age and younger have been admitted to our institution with gallbadder disease.
      Of these patients, 88 were female and 76 were of Mexican-American origin. Only
      two of these individuals had associated hemolytic anemia. Seventy-six of these
      females had been pregnant at least once, and 57 were more than 10 pound
      overweight. Cholecystectomy was done on 88 of these patients, and cholelithiasis
      was found in 86. There were 28 explorations of the common bile duct, 18 of which
      were positive. This series represents an earlier onset of cholelithiasis in this
      population.

PMID- 982106
TI  - Lens surgery with the vitreous infusion suction cutter.
AB  - The vitreous infusion suction cutter was used in the removal of congenital and
      adult cataracts or lens remnants. The instrument may be used through a standard
      corneoscleral incision or through the pars plana. When a hard nucleus cannot be
      dispersed, ultrasonic phacofragmentation may be of help. Several brief case
      illustrations demonstrate the effectiveness of this instrument in lens surgery.

PMID- 982107
TI  - An antacid tasting: the relative palatability of 19 liquid antacids.
AB  - The taste of liquid antacids is proposed as a major factor in patient compliance
      in taking such medication when prescribed. A study was made of the relative
      palatability of 19 antacids. The antacids can be divided into three groups of
      varying palatability (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 982108
TI  - Five-year retrospective study of hospitalization and treatment of patients with
      sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Examination of computerized hospital records of 463 admissions of 255 patients
      with sickle cell anemia was made. Patients ranged in age from infancy to 65, with
      a mean age of 17-7 years. Only 119 of the 255 patients were male, but 54% of the
      admissions were for males. Most patients were admitted to pediatrics and internal
      medicine services. Fluids and blood derivatives were given in over 60% of cases
      and anti-infection drugs in 40%. Mean hospital stay was 14.75 days, twice the
      mean for other patients. Thirty-six percent of the patients were admitted more
      than once. Mortality was 1.3% for the 463 admissions. Blue Cross or Medicaid
      accounted for payment in 51% of admissions. This information can be helpful to
      health planners providing comprehensive services for sickle cell patients.

PMID- 982109
TI  - Fantasy and self-esteem of renal dialysis patients and their spouses.
AB  - The fantasy life and self-esteem of 22 male and 13 female renal dialysis patients
      and their spouses were examined using a Self-Esteem Evaluation Scale, Empathic
      Fantasy Scale, and eight portions of the Imaginal Process Inventory reflecting
      eight types of fantasy use. For the patient group as a whole, a high degree of
      fantasy behavior was associated with low self-esteem, but the sex of the patient
      made a difference. Frequency of fantasy was shown to be indicative of poor
      adjustment for female dialysis patients, but not for male dialysis patients.
      Results also indicated that patients, without regard to sex, were more prone
      toward guilt fantasies in which they were punished for some wrongdoing such as
      feelings of anger toward people involved in their treatment or envy of others who
      do not suffer their same disability.

PMID- 982110
TI  - The cost of auditing outpatient records.
AB  - When patient records are to be auditied in a program designed to assess the
      quality of medical care rendered, careful consideration must be given to the cost
      of the system implemented. Structured data collection and a defined treatment
      plan are advantageous in facilitating the use of nonphysicians for the majority
      of the audit. A system using checklists to ensure adequate recording of
      subjective and objective data and a defined treatment plan for a common symptom
      complex were implemented by physicians and physician's assistants with a patient
      load averaging more than 1,000 patient contacts per week in a general medical
      clinic at Duke University Medical Center. Audit was subsequently accomplished at
      a cost of 96 cents per record. To reduce this cost, more efficient methods of
      selecting records for audit should be developed.

PMID- 982111
TI  - Treatment of cystic hygroma.
AB  - To determine ideal treatment, 58 patients with cystic hygroma of the neck were
      studied. Approximately equal distribution of the lesion among sexes and sides of
      the neck was noted, but frequency was less than expected among blacks. Complete
      excision, the treatment of choice, gave an 81% cure rate. Partial excision was
      curative in only 12% of cases, but it decreased the tumor mass enough to
      eliminate the need for further treatment in 62% of cases. Aspiration of the cysts
      may be of value in diagnosis and management of acute respiratory problems but not
      for definitive therapy. Sclerosing agents and radiation therapy was not effective
      treatment of cystic hygromas. Of the clinical recurrences, 76% occurred within a
      year after therapy.

PMID- 982112
TI  - Association of tuberculosis with alcoholism.
AB  - To define the extent of the association between tuberculosis and alcoholism, all
      cases of tuberculosis reported in 1972 to the Fulton County Health Department
      (Georgia) were reviewed. Alcoholics accountered for 49% of all adult cases.
      Because of this high association, alcoholics should be screened regularly for
      possible tuberculosis.

PMID- 982113
TI  - Obscure distal femoral epiphyseal injury.
AB  - Undisplaced type I epiphyseal fracture of the distal femur in the adolescent
      athlete may mimic injury to a ligament. Roentgenographic examination with the
      knee under stress will reveal the diagnosis, thereby avoiding unnecessary
      arthrotomy and dictating appropriate treatment and follow-up.

PMID- 982114
TI  - Vaginal candidiasis: its diagnosis and relation to urinary infection.
AB  - Of candidal vaginal cultures performed on 100 women who gave a history of a
      specific symptom complex, 85% were positive. In contrast, only 3% were positive
      in 100 women who did not have this history. The data indicate a definite
      relationship between the symptom complex and vaginal candidiasis. An additional
      110 women had vaginal cultures on MacConkey's agar to determine the presence of
      gram-negative pathogens. The results suggest that a relationship may exist
      between the presence of vaginal candidiasis and an increased incidence of vaginal
      gram-negative organisms which could have important urologic significance.

PMID- 982115
TI  - A review of tibial lengthening procedures.
AB  - Eight patients had tibial lengthening procedures according to Anderson's method.
      The necessity of early determination of callus formation and bone grafting, if
      necessary, is emphasized. The potential morbidity in this procedure is great and
      the parents must be made fully aware of them. As Anderson states, it is a
      procedure that should be reserved for the child between 8 and 12 years old with a
      predictable discrepancy between 4 and 15 cm. We believe it is a useful procedure
      in problems of unequal length of the lower limbs but should not be used whem
      simpler procedures such as femoral shortening or epiphyseal arrest are indicated.

PMID- 982116
TI  - Agranulocytosis secondary to methimazole therapy: report of two cases.
AB  - Seventy-three cases of thyrotoxicosis were treated at Lloyd Noland Hospital with
      methimazole, propylthiouracil or both. Two cases of agranulocytosis occurred
      (2.7%) secondary to methimazole. Both responded to hospitalization, reverse
      isolation, and antibiotic coverage with complete recovery of the peripheral blood
      picture. The toxicity of methimazole is noted. The need for careful monitoring of
      blood counts during therapy and immediate discontinuance of the drug at the first
      clinical sign of granulocytopenia is stressed.

PMID- 982117
TI  - Placental transport of nutrients.
AB  - The fetus is dependent upon the placenta for transport to it of all nutrients for
      energy and growth. The primary nutrients crossing the placenta are glucose,
      lactic acid, free amino acids, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies. Under normal
      circumstances, it appears that glucose is the primary energy source. In abnormal
      conditions there is the possibility that energy requirements may be met also by
      protein-amino acid oxidation and ketone body metabolism. The fetal brain may be
      quite adept in the use of ketone bodies. In all transport phenomena, the placenta
      intervenes by diverting nutrients into its own intermediary metabolism. For a
      more extensive consideration of these factors, several in-depth reviews are
      recommended. To better understand abnormalities of intrauterine growth, we need
      much more specific information about the mechanisms of placental transport and
      the intermediary metabolism of the placenta and fetus. When these are adequately
      in states of normal and abnormal intrauterine growth, we can then consider
      methods of metabolic intervention which will correct intrauterine growth failure
      and, hopefully, eliminate its hazards to the fetus and child.

PMID- 982118
TI  - A comparison of modern methods of reduction mammaplasty.
AB  - There are many technics available today for reducing the oversize female breast.
      The most commonly used operations may be divided into two catergories, depending
      on treatment of the nipple-areolar complex: (1) free graft or (2) transposition
      on underlying tissue. According to this division, various methods are outlined
      and discussed.

PMID- 982120
TI  - The localization of multiple intra-abdominal abscesses by gallium scanning.
AB  - A septic course suggestive of intra-abdominal abscess followed surgery in a small
      child with a perforated appendix. Usual diagnostic studies, fluoroscopy, and
      rectal and wound exploration failed to localized an abscess. The use of gallium
      67 scanning accurately localized multiple abscesses which were successfully
      drained.

PMID- 982119
TI  - Polymyositis: response to vitamin E.
AB  - A 70-year-old woman with polymyositis was treated with three different
      immunosuppressive drugs. Her condition deteriorated over a three-month period
      until she became totally helpness. She then made a dramatic improvement when
      large doses of vitamin E (d, alpha-tocopheryl acetate) were administered. Current
      knowledge regarding the nature of polymyositis and the rationale for using
      vitamin E to treat it are discussed.

PMID- 982121
TI  - Hearing problems in children.

PMID- 982122
TI  - [Posture weakness, pulmonary function and use of leisure time in school
      children].

PMID- 982123
TI  - [Broncholithiasis].

PMID- 982124
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of tomography and zonography in the study of vascular
      pattern of the lung].

PMID- 982125
TI  - [Results of primary chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis after different
      periods of hospital treatment].

PMID- 982126
TI  - [Side effects of antitubercular drug therapy in combination with prednisolone].

PMID- 982127
TI  - [Adrenal cortex function in persons having had osteoarticular tuberculosis].

PMID- 982128
TI  - [Effectiveness of complex sanatorium-climatic treatment of patients with
      recurrences of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 982129
TI  - [Indications for surgical treatment of residual caseous-necrotic tubercular
      changes in the lungs].

PMID- 982130
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of the skin and skeletal muscle lesions in
      children with dermatomyositis].

PMID- 982131
TI  - [Health-resort treatment of obliterating diseases of the peripheral vessels].

PMID- 982132
TI  - [Role of preventive examinations of patients with diseases of the
      gastrointestinal tract in detection of cancer of the distal segment of the large
      intestine].

PMID- 982133
TI  - [Contribution of the scientists of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Institute to
      the history of medicine (1825-1975)].

PMID- 982134
TI  - [Variants of terminal stage of chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 982135
TI  - [Case of chronic glomerulonephritis with massive pulmonary hemorrhage].

PMID- 982136
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological importance of dental infection in diagnosis of natural
      focus infections].

PMID- 982138
TI  - [Clinical reflections on chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 982137
TI  - [Audiological examination of patients in the diagnostic room of an
      antituberculosis sanatorium].

PMID- 982139
TI  - [Etiology and certain principles of antibacterial therapy of acute pneumonia].

PMID- 982140
TI  - [Certain urgent tasks in pulmonology].

PMID- 982141
TI  - [Treatment of suppurative lung diseases in children].

PMID- 982143
TI  - [Professional language of the physician and prescriptions].

PMID- 982142
TI  - [Proteolytic activity of sputum and bronchial secretion in lung diseases].

PMID- 982144
TI  - [Nomenclature of drugs and the prescription structure (concerning the article of
      Docent M.N. Cherniavskii "Professional language of the physician and
      prescriptions")].

PMID- 982145
TI  - [Current prescribing].

PMID- 982146
TI  - [Latin in medical prescriptions and Latin nomenclature of drugs].

PMID- 982147
TI  - [Concerning the discussion on the subject "Professional language of the physician
      and the prescriptions"].

PMID- 982148
TI  - [Concerning the suggestion of V. V. Zakusov and D.A. Kharkevich on rejection of
      Latin in medical prescriptions].

PMID- 982149
TI  - [Use of beta stimulators in chronic cardio-pulmonary insufficiency].

PMID- 982150
TI  - [Main results and trends in the study of side effects of drugs].

PMID- 982151
TI  - [Clinico-pathogenetic characteristics of pneumonia in patients with rheumatic
      heart disease].

PMID- 982152
TI  - [Remote outcome of acute pneumonia].

PMID- 982153
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium and external respiration in acute pneumonia of patients
      with alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 982154
TI  - [Artificial respiration in chronic complicated bronchitis].

PMID- 982155
TI  - [Pleurectomy and decortication of the lung in the treatment of nonspecific
      empyema].

PMID- 982156
TI  - [External respiration during rehabilitation by means of physical factors after
      lung surgery].

PMID- 982157
TI  - [Occupational bronchial asthma and pathochemical methods of its evaluation].

PMID- 982158
TI  - [Perspectives and possibilities of use of thermography in allergology].

PMID- 982159
TI  - The subnormal deaf-blind child.

PMID- 982160
TI  - Maladjusted pupils in ordinary schools.

PMID- 982161
TI  - An experiment in Blissymbolics.

PMID- 982162
TI  - Music for slow learners.

PMID- 982163
TI  - Teaching children of mixed ability.

PMID- 982164
TI  - [Rupture of the ventricular septum during acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 982165
TI  - [Psychosomatic studies in patients with acute myocardial infarct. Problem of
      "coronary personality"].

PMID- 982166
TI  - [Ceruloplasmin in patients with pathologic pregnancy].

PMID- 982167
TI  - [Tumors of the spinal marrow].

PMID- 982168
TI  - [Treatment of symphysis lesions manifested during delivery].

PMID- 982169
TI  - [Insulin hypoglycemia during treatment of diabetes mellitus in children].

PMID- 982170
TI  - [Medical and medico-legal cooperation between surgeons and forensic medicine
      physicians].

PMID- 982171
TI  - [Keratoma malignum diffusum congenitum in newborn infant].

PMID- 982172
TI  - [Malignant tumors of the nasal septum].

PMID- 982173
TI  - [Lung changes in mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 982174
TI  - [Cystadenoma proliferum papilliferum of the Bartholin's gland].

PMID- 982175
TI  - [Medicial and social aspects of traffic accidents].

PMID- 982176
TI  - [Surgical treatment of unhealed fractures and pseudoarthroses of the shank].

PMID- 982177
TI  - [Abdominal injuries as part of multiple injuries].

PMID- 982178
TI  - [Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint using a
      modification of the Jones method].

PMID- 982179
TI  - [Introduction of loops behind the arcs of the cervical vertebrae].

PMID- 982180
TI  - [AO angular splint in fractures of the femoral neck].

PMID- 982181
TI  - [Osteosynthesis of the clavicle using a screw].

PMID- 982182
TI  - [Various indications for osteosynthesis of the humerus].

PMID- 982183
TI  - [Postoperative management of synovectomy of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 982184
TI  - [Studies on the allergic arthritis induced by intra-articular injection of
      soluble immune complexes].

PMID- 982185
TI  - [Clinical and serological study of Sjogren's syndrome without subjective symptoms
      of sicca syndrome--methods in the early diagnosis].

PMID- 982186
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome in New Zealand mice (NZB/WF1)].

PMID- 982187
TI  - [Refractory pigmented villonodular synovitis--a case study].

PMID- 982188
TI  - [Epidemiology of scleroderma--occurrence of scleroderma in Japan].

PMID- 982189
TI  - Isolation procedures for thyroglobulin: effects of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
      and freezing.
AB  - The presence of fast-migrating, low-molecular weight components in normal rat
      thyroglobulin, iodine-poor rat thyroglobulin and normal bovine thyroglobulin was
      investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate.
      When normal and iodine-poor rat thyroglobulin were extracted in the presence of
      phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, a serine protease inhibitor, very few components
      migrating faster than the 12S half-molecule were found. In normal bovine
      thyroglobulin no effect of the protease inhibitor on the formation of fast-moving
      components was found; however, prior freezing of the glands greatly influenced
      the presence of these components. Thyroglobulin obtained from bovine glands
      without any prior freezing, contained no noncovalently-bound band migrating
      faster than 12S.

PMID- 982190
TI  - Monitoring aminopentamide urinary excretion by means of multiple 'microphase'
      extraction - a rapid method for the extraction and concentration of small amounts
      of lipophilic drugs from large volumes of biological fluids without distillation.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that low concentrations of basic lipophilic drugs in
      biological fluids may be extracted and concentrated 10(4)-10(6) times by a series
      of extraction procedures in which the ratio of the extracting solvent to that of
      the solution to be extracted is of the order of 1:100 (microphase extraction
      procedure). Typically, basic drugs (atropine, aminopentamide, hyoscine,
      chloroquine, pyrimethamine) were extracted and concentrated sufficiently for
      direct GC analysis from 24-hour urine samples by a procedure involving three
      simple consecutive extraction steps. Using this procedure, it was demonstrated
      that after administration of aminopentamide (300 micrograms) to patients in the
      form of anti-diarrhoeal tablets, measurable quantities of the free, unchanged
      drug can be demonstrated in 24-hour urine samples. The main advantages of the
      method are simplicity, rapidity and sensitivity due to the low background
      interference in the GC separations. The principle involved can be extended to the
      analysis of acidic drugs with suitable solubility properties.

PMID- 982191
TI  - Inhibition of the uptake of [13h] thymidine into hamster embryo cells by cytosine
      arabinoside.
AB  - 1-beta-D Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) has been shown to strongly inhibit the
      uptake of [13h] thymidine into hamster embryo fibroblasts and transformed hamster
      embryo cells.

PMID- 982193
TI  - Problems in elevating nutritional status.

PMID- 982192
TI  - An experimental study on the onset of endolymphatic secretion in chick embryos.
AB  - Extirpation of the endolymphatic anlage of the ear vesicle or that part of the
      ear placode which develops into the endolymphatic anlage in chick embryos,
      resulted in the absence of the endolymphatic system. In specimens of which the
      endolymphatic anlage was removed on the fourth day, healing of the wound was
      completed soon after the fifth day of incubation. Most of these experimental
      animals developed endolymphatic hydrops at a later stage. However, where healing
      was delayed after the fifth day, the open wound acted as an escape route for the
      endolymph (thus preventing further closure) which at that stage (or soon after)
      reached an appreciable volume.

PMID- 982194
TI  - Child abuse among rural blacks.

PMID- 982195
TI  - Continued marketing of skin-lightening preparations containing mercury.

PMID- 982196
TI  - Classification of hyperlipidaemias--a time for review.

PMID- 982197
TI  - Mortality and morbidity of laryngectomy.

PMID- 982198
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of pancreatic
      disease.
AB  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was carried out in 98
      patients with unexplained abdominal pain or known pancreatitis with recurrent
      pain. Patients with jaundice were excluded from the study. In 38 patients with a
      clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis, the radiological findings on ERCP were graded
      according to the criteria of Kasugai et al. Advanced pancreatitis was found in 20
      patients (52,5%), moderate changes in 7 (18,4%) and minimal-change pancreatitis
      in 6 (15,8%). ERCP had normal pancreatic function tests. In 35 patients
      investigated for unexplained abdominal pain, changes consistent with pancreatitis
      were found in 7, pancreatic carcinoma in 5, a duodenal ulcer in 2, gallstones in
      1 and a duodenal tumour in 1. ERCP was normal in 19 patients. A comparison of the
      findings on ERCP and the standard secretin-cholecystokinin pancreatic function
      test was available in 52 patients. There was a good agreement between the two
      tests in the patients with advanced or moderate pancreatitis as revealed by ERCP,
      but less agreement in the patients with minimal-change pancreatitis. A few
      patients with clinical pancreatitis and abnormal ERCP had normal pancreatic
      function tests. ERCP increases the diagnostic yield in patients suspected of
      having pancreatitis and is at present the only reliable method of diagnosing
      pancreatic carcinoma which is not evident by other non-operative techniques. ERCP
      is also of value in the assessment of the severity of pancreatitis and is a
      necessary investigation before pancreatic surgery to confirm or exclude cyst
      formation or the site of duct obstruction. The finding of an unsuspected cyst at
      ERCP necessitates early operation because of the danger of introducing infection
      during the procedure.

PMID- 982199
TI  - [Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve: a case report].
AB  - A case of Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve with a complicating
      ventricular septal defect in a 3-year-old Black child is presented. A pre
      operative diagnosis of an atrioventricular canal was made, and only at operation
      was it discovered to be an Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. The clinical
      picture and diagnoses are reviewed, and the problem of a correct pre-operative
      diagnosis is discussed. The operative treatment and postoperative result in our
      patient is described.

PMID- 982201
TI  - Dental caries in whites and blacks.

PMID- 982200
TI  - Biological assessment of protein quality. Optimal essential: non-essential amino
      acid ratios for maintenance of certain states of nitrogen balance in young rats.
AB  - Male weanling rats were used to assess the effect of replacing essential amino
      acid (EAA) mixtures with non-essential amino acid (NEAA) mixtures on nitrogen
      balance. Each of 4 essential amino acid mixtures, fed in quantities sufficient to
      maintain specific states of nitrogen balance, was replaced with a non-essential
      amino acid mixture on an isonitrogenous basis. The results indicate the
      following: 1. Within limits, replacement with NEAA mixture caused an increase in
      the efficiency of utilisation of the amino acid mixture when the nitrogen balance
      state investigated was + 100, +200 or +300 mg/100 g body mass/8 days, but not
      when nitrogen balance was zero. 2. In the maintenance of nitrogen balance = 0,
      the EAA mixture could be replaced with NEAA mixture to a greater extent (83%)
      than was possible in the maintenance of balance states of + 100, +200 or +300 mg
      (about 70%). The results support the view that (a) EAAs are converted to NEAAs at
      the cost of metabolically available nitrogen: and (b) with a decrease in the
      state of nitrogen balance maintained by the animal, the amino acid requirement is
      shifted partially from EAAs to NEAAs. The implications of the above findings are
      discussed with reference to dietary protein evaluation and related questions.

PMID- 982202
TI  - Food-drug interactions and interference.

PMID- 982203
TI  - Caries and dental hygiene.

PMID- 982205
TI  - Acute appendicitis in hernial sacs.

PMID- 982204
TI  - Measuring emotional stress in Africa.

PMID- 982206
TI  - Coagulation studies in long-term survivors after renal allograft transplantation.

PMID- 982207
TI  - Delayed onset of respiratory obstruction during endotracheal anaesthesia.
AB  - Two patients in whom respiratory obstruction with an insidious onset occurred
      during the use of a Lapro endotracheal tube are described. In one patient, the
      valvular nature of the obstruction produced bilateral tension pneumothoraces.

PMID- 982208
TI  - The prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease.
AB  - Tay-Sachs disease was diagnosed prenatally on the basis of enzyme assays and the
      electrophoretic pattern of extracts made from cultured amniotic fluid cells.
      Electrophoresis revealed the presence of hexosaminidase B but no hexosaminidase
      A, the iso-enzyme which is deficient in Tay-Sachs disease. Estimations of the
      percentage of hexosaminidase A present in cultured amniotic cell extracts by
      means of thermal fractionation revealed the presence of only small amounts of
      this isozyme. Results obtained on amniotic fluid alone were found to be
      unreliable and were disregarded when making the diagnosis. Following termination
      of the pregnancy, the diagnosis was confirmed by electrophoresis and the thermal
      inactivation method as well as by electron microscopy. A slight lower temperature
      for the thermal inactivation has been found to give better discrimination than
      the temperature used in previously described techniques.

PMID- 982209
TI  - The use of transfer factors in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a case
      report.
AB  - A 23-year-old woman suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) was given a course of
      6 injections (0.5 U) of mumps transfer factor (TF) at 2-weekly intervals. The
      patient's symptoms improved dramatically and during the 10 months since treatment
      was instituted, no exacerbations have occurred. The possible aetiological role of
      paramyxoviruses in MS and the use of TF in the treatment of the disease are
      discussed. MS is however, a disease of exacerbations and spontaneous remissions,
      and despite our promising findings in this patient we wish to refrain from
      hailing mumps TF as a possible cure for this notorious disease.

PMID- 982210
TI  - Amylase: creatinine clearance ratio and urinary excretion of lysozyme in acute
      pancreatitis and acute duodenal perforation.
AB  - The amylase:creatinine clearance ratio in patients suffering from acute
      pancreatitis or acute duodenal perforation was higher than normal in both groups
      of patients. These findings cast doubt on the value of this parameter as a
      specific index of acute pancreatitis. The mechanism or mechanisms underlying the
      increased amylase excretion have not been determined. However, the markedly
      elevated urinary excretion of lysozyme observed in some patients suggests, by
      analogy, that diminished tubular reabsorption of amylase may contribute towards
      the elevated amylase:creatinine ratio.

PMID- 982211
TI  - Biochemical parameters in athletes before and after having run 160 kilometres.
AB  - A number of biochemical and haematological parameters, including plasma
      electrolytes, parameters of hepatic and renal function, plasma enzymes and free
      fatty acids were measured in 13 athletes before and after a 160-km 24-hour race.
      The runners were divided into 2 groups: group A, who competed the 160 km within
      24 hours and group B, who either ran for 24 hours, or who retired before
      completing the distance. Minimal changes were found in the plasma electrolyte
      patterns in either group, whereas blood urea and creatinine levels increased
      during the race. The plasma enzymes increased to varying extents, the greatest
      increases being in lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and the
      skeletal muscle specific MM isoenzyme of creatinine phosphokinase. Total
      bilirubin also increased, but no conclusive evidence of hepatic decompensation
      was found. Plasma free fatty acids levels were very markedly raised in 12 of the
      runners, the highest increases occurring in group A. All runners ingested
      carbohydrate during the race and this probably explains why the blood glucose
      levels increased slightly but remained within normal limits in all the athletes
      at the end of the race.

PMID- 982212
TI  - Differential effect of right and left vagal stimulation on right and left
      circumflex coronary arteries.
AB  - In anasthetised, closed-chest dogs in complete heart block that were paced at a
      ventricular rate of 100 beats/min, vagal stimulation increased right coronary
      (RC) flow by 46% and conductance by 59%, but these increases were less than those
      measured in the left circumflex coronary (LCC) flow (66%) and conductance (80%).
      Both the right and left vagus nerves affected RC and LCC flow, the left vagus
      having the greater effect. The response to vagal stimulation is not limited at
      higher ventricular rates.

PMID- 982213
TI  - Constrictive pericarditis due to methysergide therapy.
AB  - A 39-year-old woman who suffered from migraine is described. She developed
      analgesic nephropathy due to phenacetin, and constrictive pericarditis, probably
      due to methysergide treatment.

PMID- 982214
TI  - Modification of mild proteinuria by postural and other mechanisms affecting
      haemodynamics.
AB  - Changes in urinary protein excretion induced by standing or by the application of
      venous tourniquets to the thighs while the patient is in the supine position were
      studied in patients with mild proteinuria and compared with the changes that
      occur in severe proteinuria (greater than 1 mg/min). Protein excretion decreased
      in the majority of patients. Irrespective of the initial degree of proteinuria.
      The increased rate of protein excretion that occurred in a minority of patients
      when standing may represent a phenomenon analogous to orthostatic proteinuria.

PMID- 982215
TI  - Severe measles-associated pneumonia treated with assisted ventilation.
AB  - Measles-associated pneumonia, which was severe enough to require mechanical
      ventilation, caused a mortality of 64%. The main indications for special
      respiratory care were severe infection and hypoxaemia. Complications of the
      disease occurred in 78% of the patients. The commonest were anaemia, enteritis
      and cardiac failure, and they contributed to the grave prognosis. Viral pneumonia
      was present in most of the patients who died; superinfection was rare. The
      characteristics of measles virus was present in 30% and of adenovirus in no less
      that 40%.

PMID- 982216
TI  - Cryptococcal meningitis: our experience in 24 black patients.
AB  - The records of 24 patients with cryptococcal meningitis, admitted to King Edward
      VIII Hospital in Durban, were reviewed. There were 21 adults and 3 children over
      periods of 10 and 18 years, respectively. Slightly more males were affected. The
      age distribution was fairly even. The common clinical presentations were
      headache, neck stiffness, mental changes, cranial nerve palsies and papilloedema.
      The diagnosis was proved by the presense of Cryptococcus neoformans in the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 21 of the patients, and in pathological tissue in
      the remaining 3 patients. A significant percentage of patients presented with an
      initial polymorphonuclear leucocyte predominance in the CSF. The other CSF
      findings were elevated protein and low sugar levels. Tuberculosis was the common
      coexisting disease. We found the mortality rate of 58% to be very high and a
      significant number of patients died even after adequate treatment with
      amphotericin B either singly or in combination with 5-fluorocytosine.

PMID- 982217
TI  - Schistosomiasis and carcinoma of the bladder in Zambia.
AB  - Carcinoma of the bladder is the third most important malignancy seen in Zambia,
      accounting for nearly 9% of all malignancies seen in the Department of Pathology
      at the University of Zambia. A review of 217 cases of carcinoma of the bladder
      seen in the department over a 5-year period revealed a preponderance of well
      differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (75%). Of the 217 cases, 65% had
      concomitant schistosomiasis. These tumours tended to occur in a younger age group
      than that reported from England and North America. The pattern of pathology
      conforms with that reported from other parts of Africa with hyperendemic and
      endemic schistosomiasis. The aetiological role of schistosomiasis in bladder
      cancer is critically examined.

PMID- 982218
TI  - Treatment of the ruptured uterus.
AB  - Three hundred and thirty-five patients with ruptured uterus were reviewed. The
      incidence of this condition is increasing, probably owing to poor antenatal care
      and lack of facilities. The most common site of rupture in the previously
      unscarred uterus was found to be longitudinal on the lateral aspects of the lower
      and upper segments. When the ruptures were in these areas, total hysterectomy
      proved to be best. Repair of the rupture should only be considered when the tear
      is simple, transverse in the lower segment, and in the absence of infection.

PMID- 982219
TI  - [Demographic and socioeconomic profile of participants of the Family Planning
      Program of the Dept. of Social Assistance. Implications of the impact of the
      program].

PMID- 982220
TI  - [Interamerican study of infant mortality. Selected results of the project in the
      Monterrey area, N.L. Mexico].

PMID- 982221
TI  - [The problem of cancer in Mexico].

PMID- 982222
TI  - [Eradication of the pinta disease in Mexico. Activities and results].

PMID- 982223
TI  - [Amebic hepatic abscess: classic vs. radioactive treatment. Economical,
      administrative and medical aspects].

PMID- 982224
TI  - [Current data on toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 982225
TI  - [Frequency of intestinal parasitosis in different communities the Federal
      District of Mexico].

PMID- 982226
TI  - [An inquiry on the clinical aspects of the refractory anaemias (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 982227
TI  - [Pre-leukaemic states. Prospective intuition of a retrospective diagnosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 982228
TI  - [The cytological diagnosis of refractory anaemias (author's transl)].

PMID- 982229
TI  - [Cytochemical aspects of the refractory anaemias (author's transl)].

PMID- 982230
TI  - [Evaluation of bone-marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of refractory anaemia
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 982231
TI  - [Appraisal of morphological changes of haemapoietic cells in the diagnosis of the
      refractory anaemias (author's transl)].

PMID- 982232
TI  - [Evaluation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of refractory anaemias according to
      ferrokinetic and morphological criteria. Study of eight cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 982233
TI  - [The erythrocyte enzymes activity in the course of refractory anaemias (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 982234
TI  - [Quantitative assay of some red-cell antigens in the refractory anaemias
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 982235
TI  - [Annormalities of the erythrocyte membrane antigens in the refractory anaemias
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 982236
TI  - [Haematological study of the double erythrocytic population in refractory
      anaemia. Preliminary report (author's transl)].

PMID- 982237
TI  - [Cytodinamics of erythrocyte population in smoldering acute leukaemia and in the
      pre-leukaemic states. Preliminary report (author's transl)].

PMID- 982238
TI  - [Pre-leukaemic states [6 cases] and smoldering acute leukaemia [5 cases].
      Cytodynamics of the reproductive granulocyte precursors. Preliminary report
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 982239
TI  - [Chromosome abnormalities in refractory anaemia with partial myeloblastosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 982240
TI  - [Functional ability of granulocytes in the refractory anaemias (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 982241
TI  - [Serum muramidase assay in patients with refractory anaemia (author's transl)].

PMID- 982242
TI  - [Platelets and refractory anaemia: platelet structure and aggregation under
      electron microscope (author's transl)].

PMID- 982243
TI  - Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

PMID- 982245
TI  - Symposium on response to infection and injury II: forword.

PMID- 982244
TI  - Metabolic abnormalities of shock.

PMID- 982246
TI  - Hormonal responses and their effect on metabolism.

PMID- 982247
TI  - Oxygen transport during extracorporeal oxygenation for the treatment of adult
      respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - An inventory of hemodynamic and respiratory measurements was obtained in two
      patients with acute respiratory failure syndrome prior to and during venoarterial
      extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for study of oxygen transport. As the
      inspired oxygen concentration fraction was reduced from 1.0 to 0.5 and paO2 was
      increased from less than 50 to physiologic ranges during extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation, tachycardia and pulmonary hypertension were reversed. Total oxygen
      transport was reduced rather than increased. Oxygen consumption and oxygen
      extraction were not altered during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. However,
      a striking reduction was observed in cardiac output. After reversal of anoxemia,
      the total of the cardiac output of the patient and the extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation flow were less than the cardiac output of the patient prior to
      extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These observations provide evidence that the
      beneficial effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation stem, at least in part,
      from a reduction of the work load on the heart. Since high cardiac output failure
      is observed during progression of adult respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical
      support of circulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be of
      primary therapeutic benefit.

PMID- 982248
TI  - Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine.
AB  - Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine are uncommon. This infrequency
      and possible lack of awareness can result in a late diagnosis and a poor survival
      time. In a period of 34 years, only 55 patients were seen at our cancer
      institute. The average age of the patients was 56 years, with a male predominance
      ratio of 2.6:1.0. Twenty-one patients had adenocarcinomas, 19 had sarcomas and 15
      had carcinoids. The most common signs and symptoms were abdominal pain and
      obstruction of the intestine. Preoperative diagnosis was established in 12 of
      these patients only by roentgenologic barium examination of the small intestine.
      At the time of diagnosis, 34 of the patients had metastasis to regional lymph
      nodes or distant organs. The median and five year survival times were one year
      and 19 per cent, respectively. Patients with carcinoids had better survival rates
      than those with adenocarcinomas or sarcomas. Palliative resection did not improve
      survival time. However, if other therapeutic modalities also were used, it might
      prove beneficial. Patients with palpable abdominal masses or intestinal bleeding,
      or both, had a worse prognosis than did those presenting with obstruction of the
      intestine because these are late presenting symptoms. Therefore, recurrent
      abdominal pain should increase clinical suspicion, and early diagnosis by careful
      examination of the small intestine with barium contrast material could improve
      the survival time. Finally, it seemed that these tumors had a high incidence of
      coexisting malignant conditions, as nine of the patients in our series had a
      second malignant tumor.

PMID- 982249
TI  - Impaired glucose flow in burned patients with gram-negative sepsis.
AB  - Fifteen thermally injured patients with positive blood stream cultures for gram
      negative organisms demonstrated a decreased mass flow of glucose through the
      glucose space when compared with 17 patients without sepsis studied at a
      comparable time after injury. Amino acid concentrations determined in ten burned
      patients with sepsis and nine burned patients without sepsis revealed an increase
      in the gluconeogenic precursors alanine, glycine, methionine and phenylalanine in
      those patients with sepsis. The administration of alanine consistently increased
      serum glucose in seven patients without sepsis but exerted no effect on glucose
      concentrations in six person with sepsis. These data, taken together, indicate
      that gram-negative sepsis in burned patients impairs the increased rate of
      glucose production and flow to peripheral tissue which characteristically occurs
      after thermal injury.

PMID- 982250
TI  - Pulmonary insufficiency produced by isoproterenol.
AB  - Twelve healthy, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs received an infusion
      of isoproterenol hydrochloride, 0.1 microgram per kilogram for two hours. There
      was a rapid and statistically significant increase in the pulmonary shunt,
      cardiac output and mean pulmonary artery pressure; a significant decrease in the
      pulmonary vascular resistance, and no significant change in the pulmonary artery
      wedge pressure. These findings support those of previous studies which
      demonstrated the beta adrenergic stimulation is important in the pathogenesis of
      pulmonary insufficiency. The shunt results from ventilation-perfusion
      inequalities produced by the increased pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary
      vasodilatation. Because of the production of pulmonary insufficiency,
      isoproterenol or other beta adrenergic agonists should be used with caution in
      the critically ill, who often have or may develop the respiratory distress
      syndrome.

PMID- 982251
TI  - The incidence of solitary pulmonary metastasis from carcinoma of the large
      intestine.
AB  - Two hundred and two consecutive patients who underwent resection of an
      adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum from January 1958 to December 1972 were
      evaluated for the development of a metastatic tumor in the lungs. In the 185
      patients who survived the 30 day postoperative period, 30 malignant pulmonary
      lesions were subsequently recognized. Six of these were a solitary lesion and 24
      were multiple lesions. Three of these malignant lesions were proved to be other
      than metastatic disease. Metastatic adenocarcinoma from the colon or rectum was
      proved to be present in 27 patients, an incidence of 14.5 per cent. Only four of
      these lesions were solitary, 14.8 per cent of the metastatic pulmonary lesions.
      The solitary metastatic tumors represented an incidence of 2.1 per cent in this
      patient population, but long term tumor-free survival was possible with
      appropriate pulmonary resection of the metastatic disease. It is suggested that
      periodic roentgenographic examination of the chest, every four to six months, be
      an integral part of the postoperative follow-up study carried out on these
      patients.

PMID- 982252
TI  - Intravascular coagulation in surgical procedures on the abdominal aorta.
AB  - A prospective study was performed on 32 consecutive patients undergoing elective
      operations on the abdominal aorta. Dacron prosthetic grafts were used to replace
      resected abdominal aortic aneurysms or to bypass aorta-iliac occlusive disease.
      Complete coagulation studies were performed preoperatively, immediately
      postoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively. Twenty to 30 per cent of the
      patients had significant postoperative alterations in prothrombin time, partial
      thromboplastin time and platelet count. Fibrin monomer, fibrin split products and
      plasminogen were abnormal in 40 to 80 per cent of the patients postoperatively.
      Results of preoperative studies showed no significant abnormalities. One of the
      32 patients had mild clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation
      postoperatively, which was treated with 5 units of heparin per kilogram per hour.
      Results of the study indicate that aortic grafting procedures frequently produce
      intravascular coagulation, either local or disseminated. In most patients, this
      is offset by activation of the fibrinolytic system. However, clinically
      significant sequelae may result, requiring prompt recognition and treatment.

PMID- 982253
TI  - Operative cholangiography and special technical consideration in the management
      of severe injury of the liver.
AB  - The majority of hepatic injuries can be adequately managed by control of bleeding
      locally at the site, debridement and ample drainage. In some instances, severe
      blunt trauma and high velocity missile wounds may result in the disruption of
      intrahepatic structures and significant devitalization of the parenchyma of the
      liver, necessitating hepatic resection. Operative cholangiography was found to be
      useful in the evaluation and management of this type of severe injury to the
      liver. It is simple, practical method to recognize and localize a major
      disruption of the parenchyma of the liver and bile ducts; to help decide whether
      or not segmental, sublobar or labor hepatectomy should be performed, and to
      detect bile leaks from the divided bile ducts after resection of the liver. A
      modified technique for performing hepatic resection during an emergency situation
      was suggested to be more suitable than the classic technique. This is based on
      finger dissection along the line of injury and individual ligation of bile ducts
      and vessels as they are exposed within the parenchyma of the liver instead of
      isolation and ligation of the main inflow vessels and of the major ducts at the
      hilus and retrohepatic ligation of the hepatic veins.

PMID- 982254
TI  - Effect of norepinephrine on gastric wound healing.
AB  - Lavage of the stomach with norepinephrine has been suggested as a temporary means
      of controlling upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. The effect of
      norepinephrine on the healing of a standard gastric incision in the rat was
      studied using irrigation topically. When compared with those rats in the control
      study that were irrigated with a saline solution alone, no significant difference
      was found in the tensile strength, local inflammatory response or synthesis of
      new collagen, as determined by the hydroxyproline-proline ratio. There would
      appear to be no adverse effect on gastric wound healing as a result of
      preliminary irrigation of the gastric mucosa with norepinephrine given topically
      in a concentration of 16 milligrams per liter.

PMID- 982255
TI  - Status of the contralateral ovary in encapsulated low grade malignant tumors of
      the ovary.
AB  - The incidence of bilateral involvement in carcinoma of the ovary is shown to be
      relatively high. This is true for the different histologic type of malignant
      lesions and even when the ovary is grossly normal in appearance and on palpation.
      Only when carcinoma of the ovary is low grade, intracystic, unruptured and
      nonadherent and is in a young woman desirous of childbirth can it be managed
      conservatively.

PMID- 982256
TI  - Surgical management of colon atresia.
AB  - Colon atresia is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the neonate and
      requires early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment. It is impossible in the
      neonate to differentiate colon atresia from other forms of obstruction at the
      time of initial presentation. The diagnosis is confirmed roentgenographically,
      including views of the abdomen and contrast barium enema series. Lesions proximal
      to the splenic flexure are treated with initial resection of the atretic segment
      and a primary anastomosis. Those lesions distal to the splentic flexure are
      managed initally with a diverting loop colostomy with subsequent staged resection
      and anastomosis.

PMID- 982257
TI  - Side-effects of high pressure irrigation.
AB  - This study was undertaken to identify side-effects of high pressure irrigation.
      Standardized surgical wounds made in Yorkshire pigs were subjected to high
      pressure syringe and pulsatile irrigation. As a result of these treatments,
      fluids were disseminated into the adjacent tissue of the wound, predominantly in
      a lateral direction. Bacteria did not accompany this disseminated fluid and
      apparently were filtered out by the surface tissues. This treatment results in a
      tissue injury which impairs its defenses, making the wound more susceptible to
      infection. However, the remarkable cleansing capacity of high pressure irrigation
      appears to outweigh this side-effect, since heavily contaminated wounds subjected
      to this treatment heal per primum without infection.

PMID- 982258
TI  - Vascular permeability induced by pancreatic exudate formed during acute
      pancreatitis in dogs.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis was produced in five dogs by injecting bile into the
      pancreatic duct. The capillary permeability effects of the exudate formed within
      the peritoneal cavity were studied by injecting the exudate intradermally into
      puppies. The amount of radioactively labeled albumin escaping from the
      circulation and appearing at the intradermal injection site was used as a measure
      of capillary permeability. It was observed that the peritoneal exudate,
      especially that produced in the early stage of bile induced pancreatitis,
      contains one or more substances which result in an increased capillary
      permeability when injected intradermally into puppies.

PMID- 982259
TI  - Diagnosis of gastrinoma by the secretin suppression test.
AB  - In contrast to normal physiologic feedback suppression of serum gastrin by
      secretin, a paradoxic rise in the serum gastrin level has been observed in
      patients with gastrinoma after the administration of exogenous secretin.
      Exploitation of this phenomenon in the differential diagnosis of gastrinoma has
      been restricted by limited individual experience. Serial serum specimens for
      gastrin radioimmunoassay were collected from 13 patients with histologically
      proved gastrinoma both before and after the administration of Boot's secretin, 3
      units per kilogram. Thirty-nine others with histologically proved gastrinoma who
      had been studied with exogenous secretin were identified in the literature. Both
      the peak gastrin and the integrated gastrin responses were increased after
      secretin administration in each of the patients in this combined series, although
      the magnitude of the increase was small in four patients. The absence of
      physiologic suppression by secretin implies neoplastic autonomy of gastrin
      releasing sites. While an augmented gastrin response to secretin is commonly seen
      in patients with gastrinoma, from a physiologic standpoint, a lack of suppression
      constitutes a positive secretin suppression test. Accumulated experience is
      consistent and suggests that this test is an important adjunt in the differential
      diagnosis of hypergastrinemia.

PMID- 982260
TI  - Safety and efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate.
AB  - Chlorhexidine gluconate, an antiseptic for the skin, has recently been
      investigated in a series of clinical studies on its safety and efficacy. By using
      standard methods, Hibiclens, Hibitane tinted tincture and 0.5 per cent aqueous
      chlorhexidine gluconate were shown to have an extremely low potential for the
      production of irritation, allergic contact sensitization, photoallergic contact
      sensitization and phototoxicity. In the glove fluid test for efficacy against
      resident flora of the hand, Hibiclens produced log10 reductions over the control
      of 1.9398, 2.5371 and 2.6885 for test days 1, 2 and 5, respectively.
      Corresponding reductions for Hibitane tinted tincture were 3.6903, 4.0984 and
      4.1253 and for the aqueous formulation, 1.5003, 1.5721 and 1.8692. In a transient
      flora skin contamination study, Serratia marcescens was applied at an average
      level of 6.8363 log10 organisms per milliliter to persons' hands, after which a
      15 second Hibiclens hand wash was performed. Following five of these
      contaminations and hand washes, there was an over-all log10 reduction in
      recoverable Serratia of 3.8500. Counts were further determined after ten, 15, 20
      and 25 contaminations and hand washes, resulting in corresponding reductions of
      4.2649, 4.6661, 4.8501 and 5.1725, respectively. Chlorhexidine gluconate offers
      an alternative to available antiseptics for the skin. It has been shown to be a
      fast acting, broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, with an extremely low potential
      for eliciting dermal reactions.

PMID- 982261
TI  - The Dukes' A, B and C categorization of the extent of spread of carcinomas of the
      rectum.

PMID- 982262
TI  - In search of thin lethal melanomas.

PMID- 982263
TI  - A technique for preparation of saphenous vein grafts.
AB  - Late stenoses in vein grafts can result from trauma to the adventitia and the
      endothelium and to drying of the vein graft during preparation. Since vein grafts
      are sensitive to trauma, it is best to minimize nonphysiologic factors, that is,
      to avoid excessive hydrostatic pressure and excessive handling with instruments.
      With this method, the vein is prepared for distal anastomosis by distention at
      arterial pressure using blood as the physiologic solution. It avoids drying or
      prolonged storage under deleterious conditions while preparing for the
      anastomosis and shortens total operating time. Potential damage which can impair
      the efficiency of the vein as a conduit for blood is minimized.

PMID- 982264
TI  - Surgical treatment of varicocele.

PMID- 982265
TI  - Single incision technique for excision of branchiogenic cyst and sinus.

PMID- 982266
TI  - Simple method for resection of tumors of the carotid body.

PMID- 982267
TI  - Eye infections with herpes simplex viruses in neonates.
AB  - A newborn with severe ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection acquired
      in utero is presented to exemplify problems in diagnosis and management. A review
      of 297 newborns with HSV type 1 or type 2 infection reveals that about one-fifth
      demonstrate ocular involvement including one or more of the following:
      microphatalmia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, chorioretinitis, optic neuritis and
      cataracts.

PMID- 982268
TI  - Type 2 herpes simplex virus infections.
AB  - The problems related to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infections include: (1)
      the clinical diseases produced primarily at urogenital sites, but also in
      extragenital areas, and the frequent recurrences of such infections; (2) the
      severity of the diseases produced in immunocompromised hosts and in newborns,
      including a varity of ocular manifestations; and (3) the possible role of the
      virus in human cancers. The usually sexually transmitted mode of spread of this
      virus has increased current medical concern with this virus. Although laboratory
      diagnosis of HSV-2 infection is currently available, we still lack effective
      preventive or therapeutic means for most clinical forms of the infection.
      However, the great progress made over the past decade in the molecular,
      virological, immunological and clinicoepidemiological aspects of HSV are
      providing the necessary tools to attain this goal.

PMID- 982269
TI  - Experimental herpetic keratitis in the guinea pig.
AB  - A model of herpetic keratitis with type 1 Herpesvirus hominis was established in
      the guinea pig. The administration of 10 mg triamcinolone acetonide
      subconjunctivally in both eyes resulted in an amelioration of the clinical course
      of the disease process, whereas 40 mg injected peritoneally did not. The possible
      pathophysiology of these responses is discussed.

PMID- 982270
TI  - Feline herpes virus infection.
AB  - Ten cases of naturally occurring dendritic keratitis (feline herpes keratitis),
      which are manifestations of the disease commonly known as feline viral
      rhinotracheitis, have been identified in domestic cats in San Fancisco. Neonatal,
      juvenile, and adult forms of the disease are described and their treatment is
      discussed.

PMID- 982271
TI  - Herpes simplex: the primary infection.
AB  - A primary infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) occurs at some time in the
      life of almost every member of the population, especially among those living in
      crowded, unsanitary conditions. In many cases the lesions are subclinical, and in
      most cases they are self-limited even when clinical. In a few patients, such as
      the newborn infant, the patient with concomitant eczema, or the patient with
      reduced immunity, the primary infection may become severe, generalized, and life
      threatening. Type 1 HSV has a predilection for a number of sites, including the
      oral cavity, the eye, and the skin; and type 2 HSV has a predilection for the
      genital area and for the newborn.

PMID- 982272
TI  - Alterations in volatile free fatty acids of blood after hepatectomy.
AB  - Volatile free fatty acids (VFA) in blood increased approximately twofold in dogs
      subjected to total hepatectomy. The average total plasma VFA preoperatively was
      1,585 mug percent and shortly before death, postoperatively, was 2,798 mug
      percent. The corresponding red cell concentrations were essentially the same.
      Acetic acid was 81 percent of the total VFA, propionic acid 7 percent, isobutyric
      acid 4 percent, butyric acid one percent, and isovaleric acid 5 percent. There
      was little or no isovalerate in red cells. The increments in the individual fatty
      acids after hepatectomy were highly variable, but the average increase with time
      was almost linear. The increase in VFA probably reflects an increased utilization
      of the branched-chain aminoacids by extrahepatic tissues.

PMID- 982273
TI  - Treatment of biliary atresia: microsurgery for hepatic portoenterostomy.
AB  - Microsurgery was used for hepatic portoenterostomy as the treatment of biliary
      atresia in 46 patients whom we treated since 1972. The microscope had a higher
      power (eight or ten times) magnification. As for the results of the operative
      procedure with the microscope, of 46 patients, 32 (70 percent) showed
      satisfactory bile flow postoperatively.

PMID- 982274
TI  - Cephalic vein cross-over bypass for subclavian vein thrombosis: a case report.
AB  - A case of axillary vein thrombosis in a young man was treated by means of a
      cephalic vein cross-over bypass graft. A temporary arteriovenous fistula
      performed in the antecubital fossa resulted in a reasonable enlargement of the
      graft and prevented its occlusion in the critical postoperative period until
      healing of the intima resulted. The swelling disappeared and the patient, who was
      completely incapacitated functionally prior to the operation, resumed normal
      activity.

PMID- 982275
TI  - Splenic artery ligation in experimental hypersplenism.
AB  - The effects of splenic artery ligation (SAL) were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats
      with methyl-cellulose-induced hypersplenism. When performed close to the splenic
      hilium, SAL effectively reduced functioning splenic mass and raised peripheral
      counts of leukocytes and platelets, a response similar to that following total
      splenectomy. In hypersplenism, therefore, a satisfactory hematologic response may
      not necessary require total ablation of the spleen but merely substantial
      reduction of functioning splenic tissue.

PMID- 982276
TI  - Failure to pentagastrin administration to restore postprandial acid secretion
      from Heidenhain pouches after antrectomy in dogs.
AB  - In four dogs with Heidenhain pouche, acid outputs from the pouch were measured in
      response to feeding boiled liver with or without simultaneous administration of
      pentagastrin. Antrectomy was performed and the experiments were repeated.
      Antrectomy decreased the acid response to feeding by 90 percent. The
      preantrectomy response was restored by infusing pentagastrin but near maximal
      doses were needed and the maximal response to feeding plus pentagastrin could not
      be restored. These results indicate that the decrease of the acid secretory
      response to feeding from Heidenhain pouches after antrectomy cannot be explained
      fully through suppression of endogenous gastrin release. Antrectomy probably
      interferes with the intestinal phase of gastric secretion.

PMID- 982277
TI  - Effect of histamine on technetium-99m excretion by gastric mucosa.
AB  - The ability of histamine to increase excretion of 99mtechnetium by gastric mucosa
      was investigated in dogs with Heidenhain pouches and denervated antral pouches.
      Histamine increased Heidenhain pouch 99mtechnetium output in a dose-related
      manner, and 99mtechnetium output was related linearly to acid output. Antral
      pouch 99mtechnetium output was unchanged by increasing doses of histamine. The
      study suggests that concomitant use of histamine may improve the accuracy of
      99mtechnetium scanning in the clinical diagnosis of conditions caused by ectopic
      gastric mucosa.

PMID- 982278
TI  - A microsurgical technique for orthotopic ovarian transplantation in the Chinese
      hamster.
AB  - A microscopic surgical technique for the orthotopic transplantation of ovaries in
      the Chinese hamster is described. The procedure, which uses microcauterization of
      the mesovarian stump and closure of the ovarian bursa with microvascular suture,
      resulted in a 75 to 80 percent surgical success rate in a series of 12
      nondiabetic and 12 diabetic hamsters. Applications include the production of
      prediabetic offspring, the study of intrauterine environmental effects on
      transplant-derived offspring, and the preservation of endangered genetic colony
      sublines.

PMID- 982279
TI  - Onset of cell proliferation in the shortened gut: growth after subtotal
      colectomy.
AB  - Cell proliferation and remodeling of the small intestine were studied after
      subtotal colectomy in the rat. After an initial fall in nucleic acid contents,
      there was a trend to increasing amounts of RNA throughout the intestine on the
      fourteenth postoperative day; by the thirtieth day RNA and DNA contents were
      increased about 20 percent. DNA synthesis increased after 5 days. Although
      initially villi became shorter and crypts shallower, higher villi, deeper crypts,
      and an increased rate of cell migration were present after 14 days. Subtotal
      colectomy stimulates nucleic acid synthesis and remodeling of the small bowel
      within 2 weeks. Changes are more marked in ileum.

PMID- 982280
TI  - Role of serum nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) in wound healing. I.
      Influence of thyroparathyroidectomy on serum NSILA and wound healing in the rat.
AB  - Serum contains a 90,000 molecular weight glycoprotein that exhibits insulin-like
      activity on adipocytes, skeletal muscle, and fibroblasts in tissue culture;
      however, this protein is physicochemically and immunochemically distinct from
      insulin and presently is termed "nonsuppressible insulin-like activity ("nsilA)."
      This study was designed to assess the response of serum NSILA to
      thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTHX) and to associate this response with tissue repair
      processes in the injured rat. It was postulated that NSILA modulates the
      fibroblastic response in wound healing. TPTHX decreased NSILA to 40 percent of
      control levels (p less than 0.001); 90 male animals subsequently were wounded by
      either a 10 percent third-degree burn or skin excision. Following injury, NSILA
      significantly increased in both control and TPTHX groups, but this acute-phase
      response was attenuated in TPTHX animals. Light microscopy of granulation tissue
      demonstrated a diminution in the fibroblastic response in TPTHX animals.
      Hydroxyproline analysis of granulation tissue revealed a significant decrease (p
      less than 0.025) in collagen content in TPTHX animals with low NSILA levels. The
      results suggest that serum NSILA levels are controlled, in part, by thyroid
      hormone and that NSILA may modulate the fibroblastic response of connective
      tissue repair processes.

PMID- 982281
TI  - The role of house staff in undergraduate surgical education.
AB  - An analysis of the contribution made by house officers in fulfilling the
      objectives for a comprehensive clerkship experience was undertaken by questioning
      members of the 1975 medical class. The objectives examined over a broad spectrum
      of surgical disease and are applicable to any general surgical clerkship. In
      addition, the instruction received in technical skills was analyzed and
      deficiencies were noted. Major subject areas related to surgical disease were
      examined for adequacy of house staff instruction, and an estimation of hours per
      week devoted to the clerkship experience by house and staff was derived. The
      university-private hospital training program at this institution permitted a
      comparison of instruction between these clerkship settings. Some deficiencies did
      appear in intellectual and technical instruction in both clerkship environments.
      These deficiencies, however, usually were related to a paucity of patient
      material and to the lack of opportunity for clinical instruction which ensues
      from these cases. With few exceptions, the house staff provided nearly one third
      of the knowledge base acquired during the junior medical student experience. The
      results indicate that very little difference exists between the didactic role of
      the house officer in either the university or community hospital environment.

PMID- 982282
TI  - Thiabendazole: a potential adjuvant in cancer therapy.
AB  - This set of experiments was designed to evaluate the effects of thiabendazole
      (TBZ), a relatively nontoxic thiazole derivative, on the delayed hypersensitivity
      response of normal mice, tumor-bearing mice, and mice immunosuppressed by
      radiation and chemotherapy. Normal mice treated with a single intraperitoneal
      injection (20 mg. per kilogram) of TBZ given on the day of challenge with 2,4
      dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) had 41 percent greater swelling of the injected foot
      pad than did control animals. This increased immune reactivity could be
      transferred with spleen cells from TBZ-treated animals as well as with
      macrophages incubated in vitro with TBZ. Mice given sublethal radiation (450 r)
      had almost complete restoration of the delayed hypersensitivity response (90
      percent of control) when treated with TBZ. The immunosuppressive effects of
      Adriamycin also could be reversed in a similar fashion. It is likely that the
      immune function of more than one population of spleen cells is amplified by TBZ
      treatment. The observed effects strongly suggest that thiabendazole may have a
      role as an adjunct in cancer therapy.

PMID- 982283
TI  - Monitoring of intraoperative heparinization in vascular surgery.
AB  - In 15 patients undergoing aortofemoral bypass, partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
      tests before and following intravenous administration of 75 U. per kilogram of
      heparin at zero, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were determined for study of control
      of anticoagulant adequacy. The results demonstrate clearly that this amount
      provides excellent protection against thrombosis without bleeding complications.
      For intraoperative assay of heparin level effectiveness, the PTT test is advised.
      This test showed that a value of 250 percent of control still existed 75 minutes
      following the administration of heparin.

PMID- 982284
TI  - Intravenous rupture of arteriosclerotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - Intravenous rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms occurs infrequently but should
      be considered with the coexistence of severe congestive failure, anasarca, and
      abdominal bruits. Six patients are presented with four survivors. In only two
      patients was the diagnosis considered preoperatively without angiography. Two
      were variants in that thrombus occluded the fistula, thereby negating findings
      usually manifested clinically. Diagnosis of this type can be made only during
      operation when copious venous bleeding ensues with evacuation of the aortic
      thrombus. Careful fluid management and prompt surgery are prerequisites to
      obtaining a successful outcome. Repair is accomplished easily by suturing the
      fistula from the aortic aspect, but care is required to avoid dislodgement of
      thrombus and atherosclerotic debris resulting in pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 982285
TI  - Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas presenting as a splenic cyst.
AB  - A report of a cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas arising in the spleen from
      pancreatic heterotopia is presented. The fact that the resected pancreatic tail
      was microscopically normal and separate from the tumor lends strong support that
      the tumor arose from pancreatic heterotopia rather than from direct extension or
      metastasis.

PMID- 982286
TI  - Vascular compression of the duodenum.

PMID- 982287
TI  - [Immediate effect of electroimpulse therapy on the indicators of hemodynamics and
      myocardial contractility in patients with auricular fibrillation].

PMID- 982288
TI  - [Allergic myocardial lesion in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 982289
TI  - [Age characteristics of a vectorcardiogram of sportsmen].

PMID- 982291
TI  - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in barbiturate poisoning].

PMID- 982290
TI  - [Certain characteristics of relationship between bronchial patency and the
      condition of the lesser circulation].

PMID- 982292
TI  - [Phonocardiogram in diagnosis of disorders of contractile function of the
      myocardium in chronic post-infarct heart aneurysm].

PMID- 982293
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of determination of certain micro- and macroelements in
      blood in myocardial infarct and its complications].

PMID- 982294
TI  - [Pulmonary circulation in hypertension].

PMID- 982295
TI  - [Blood coagulation and markedness of the prethrombotic state in patients with
      coronary arteriosclerosis under conditions of functional test with local venous
      congestion].

PMID- 982296
TI  - [Characteristics of central hemodynamics during indirect heart massage].

PMID- 982298
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in middle-aged and old persons].

PMID- 982297
TI  - [Certain data on catecholamine metabolism and its relationship with
      corticosteroid metabolism in the acute period of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 982299
TI  - [Escape contractions and rhythms in acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 982300
TI  - [Use of haloperidol by the emergency team].

PMID- 982301
TI  - [Left ventriculography in chronic coronary insufficiency].

PMID- 982302
TI  - [Effect of arterial hypotension on the development and course of
      arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 982303
TI  - [Effect of adrenergic blockaders in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 982304
TI  - [Radiobiotelemetric study of neural regulation of the heart in patients with
      hypertension treated with seawater baths].

PMID- 982305
TI  - [Relationship between hormone concentration in peripheral blood in hypertension,
      arteriosclerosis and obesity].

PMID- 982306
TI  - [Certain data on disorders of intrahepatic blood circulation in chronic
      cardiovascular insufficiency].

PMID- 982307
TI  - [Study of regional ventilation and blood flow in the lungs in patients with post
      infarct cardiosclerosis in diagnosis of initial stage of cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 982308
TI  - [Comparison of certain clinico-anamnestic characteristics and estrogen excretion
      in functional cardiovascular disorders].

PMID- 982310
TI  - Reduced interlitter variability in rats resulting from a restricted mating
      period, and reassessment of the ""litter effect''.
AB  - Rats were mated for two or 15 hours and variability of day-12-embryos in weight,
      protein content, and [3H]thymidine incorporation was compared in the long mating
      period (LMP) and short mating period (SMP) groups by a 2-level nested analysis of
      variance. Variability in day-20 fetal weight was similarly compared. In both
      groups day-12 embryonic weight was relatively more variable than day-20 fetal
      weight, and variability was less in SMP than LMP animals for each comparison
      made, although statistical significance was attained only for thymidine
      incorporation. ""Litter effects'' were noted but not of the magnitude reported by
      other investigators. It was concluded that inappropriate statistical methods have
      encouraged the belief that among-litter variability usually exceeds within-litter
      fetal weight variability. The teratological implications of reduced development
      variability and the ""litter effect'' are discussed.

PMID- 982309
TI  - Ca-DTPA-induced fetal death and malformation in mice.
AB  - Increased fetal mortality and congenital malformation were induced in mice by Ca
      DTPA, a chelate widely used for the removal of internally deposited plutonium in
      human beings. Mated C57BL/Do female mice were given five daily injections of 720
      2,880 mumol/kg Ca-DTPA during early, mid, or late gestation. Damage probably
      occurred as a result of the depletion by Ca-DTPA of zinc and manganese, trace
      elements essential to growth and development. By extension, it seems likely that
      Ca-DTPA could damage human fetuses. A much safer chelate, Zn-DTPA, is recommended
      for the treatment of accidental plutonium contamination.

PMID- 982311
TI  - Placental morphology in spontaneous human abortuses with normal and abnormal
      karyotypes.
AB  - A systematic gross and microscopic study of the placenta was done on human
      spontaneous abortions, correlating placental morphology and karyotype of the
      conceptus. Consistent abnormalities were seen in the four major forms of human
      heteroploidy, so that a fairly accurate ""karyotypic diagnosis'' could be made
      from careful gross and microscopic examination of the aborted material. Depressed
      growth activity and dysmorphogenesis characterized these placentas, reflecting
      placental participation in the disturbed phenotypic expression of heteroploidy.

PMID- 982312
TI  - Preventive effect of riboflavin and ATP on the teratogenic effects of the
      phenothiazine derivative T-82.
AB  - To examine the hypothesis that the teratogenic effects of the phenothiazine
      derivative T-82 are due to its causing a riboflavin deficiency day 11 or 12
      pregnant CB Wistar rats were each given 2,000 mg/kg T-82 po plus 100 mg/kg
      riboflavin ip, 12.4 mg/kg ATP ip, or both. The rates of fetal mortality and
      external malformations were significantly decreased in all supplementation
      experiments. The frequencies of cleft palate, micrognathia, and micromelia were
      unchanged but those of ectopic testis and hydrops fetalis were significantly
      increased in the group treated with T-82 and ATP on day 12.

PMID- 982313
TI  - Studies of teratogenic effects of the dithiocarbamates maneb, mancozeb, and
      propineb.
AB  - Oral administration of high dosages of the dithiocarbamate pesticides maneb and
      mancozeb was teratogenic in rats but not in mice. The malformations, severe limb
      and craniofacial defects, were pronounced after maneb treatment but less so after
      mancozeb and propineb, zinc-containing compounds. The teratogenic effect of maneb
      was progressively reduced by simultaneously administering increasing amounts of
      zinc acetate. The mechanism of the teratogenic effect may involve the compounds
      being chelating agents, trapping zinc required for many important enzyme systems.

PMID- 982314
TI  - Craniosynostosis. I. Sagittal synostosis: its genetics and associated clinical
      findings in 214 patients who lacked involvement of the coronal suture(s).
AB  - The clinical and genetic findings in 214 patients with sagittal synostosis are
      described. Seventy-three per cent of the patients were male. Children with
      sagittal synostosis were treated earlier than those with coronal synostosis.
      Major malformations occurred in 22%, and 8.9% were mentally retarded. The
      retardation was clearly unrelated to the synostosis in almost half the patients.
      The remaining retarded patients had a significantly lower mean birth weight,
      higher frequency of malformations, and later age at operation than the control
      group. We believe the late age at operation was due to bias in the ascertainment
      of this group of retarded children, and that sagittal synostosis was simply one
      of a number of malformations that can occur in children with intrinsic
      retardation. Familial data and the skull measurements of a sample of parents of
      affected children were compatible with multifactorial inheritance; however there
      is need for prospective family studies and parental measurements on ethnically
      uniform groups.

PMID- 982315
TI  - Trisomy 18 and cyclopia.
AB  - A stillborn male infant with cyclopia, holoprosencephaly, extracephalic
      malformations, and trisomy 18 is described. The importance of chromosome studies
      in infants with severe congenital malformations is discussed.

PMID- 982316
TI  - Medicine and the law: summary of selected Texas trial verdicts in medical
      professional liability cases.

PMID- 982317
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome: current concept.

PMID- 982318
TI  - Transsphenoidal microsurgery for selective removal of functional pituitary
      microadenomas.

PMID- 982319
TI  - Use of fiberoptic colonoscope to reduce volvulus of colon.

PMID- 982320
TI  - Coxsackievirus B infections in adults.

PMID- 982321
TI  - The pediatric nurse practitioner as provider of well child care in a rural area
      of Texas.

PMID- 982322
TI  - English nurse-American nurse: whose feet are on the ground?

PMID- 982323
TI  - A stochastic theory for rate genes in large populations with overlapping
      generations.

PMID- 982324
TI  - Modifier theory of meiotic drive: is Mendelian segregation stable?

PMID- 982325
TI  - On eradication of schistosomiasis.

PMID- 982326
TI  - Wandering distributions and the electrophoretic profile. II.

PMID- 982327
TI  - An experimental study of weak ergodicity in human populations.

PMID- 982328
TI  - The influence of saturation on the predator-prey relations.

PMID- 982329
TI  - Preferential mating. Nonrandom mating of a continuous phenotype.

PMID- 982331
TI  - The role of migration in the genetic structure of populations in temporally and
      spatially varying environments. II. Island models.

PMID- 982330
TI  - Population correlation and population kinship.

PMID- 982332
TI  - Reaction time of normal individuals to long-term trioxazine.

PMID- 982333
TI  - The effect of the aminoketone nioben in essential circulatory hyperkinesis.

PMID- 982334
TI  - Clinicopharmacology of continuin (0.5 mg. ethynodioldiacetate), a contraceptive
      agent.

PMID- 982335
TI  - The Doolin lecture: The making of a doctor.

PMID- 982336
TI  - Ultrasound--an aid in the diagnosis of renal lesions.

PMID- 982337
TI  - 20 cases of iatrogenic ureteric injuries.

PMID- 982338
TI  - Neurophysiology--part III.

PMID- 982339
TI  - Inhibition of platelet function with bencyclane.

PMID- 982340
TI  - Effect of the beta-receptor blocking agent visken on blood pressure of
      hypertensive patients, on plasma renin activity and electrolytes.

PMID- 982341
TI  - Pyridinolcarbamate in the long-term treatment of ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 982343
TI  - Observations with istopirine in the treatment of vascular complications.

PMID- 982342
TI  - Results obtained with prodectin in arteriosclerotic arterial obliteration of the
      lower extremities.

PMID- 982344
TI  - New aspects of "old-timers": the extended indication field of acetilsalicylic
      acid.

PMID- 982345
TI  - Inhibition of the activated Cls subunit of the first component of complement by
      antithrombin III in the presence of heparin.

PMID- 982346
TI  - Type III collagen and probably not type I collagen aggregates platelets.

PMID- 982347
TI  - Estrogen incubation of fibrinogen: failure to demonstrate soluble fibrin monomer
      complexes.

PMID- 982348
TI  - Adsorption of glass and polyethylene from solutions of fibrinogen and albumin.

PMID- 982349
TI  - Spontaneous aggregation of low molecular weight factor viii and its prevention by
      2mm cacl2.

PMID- 982350
TI  - Experience of extensive vascular surgery on defibrase-defibrinogenated patients.

PMID- 982351
TI  - Human thrombin: amino acid sequence of the autocatalytically removed 13 residue
      A1 peptide.

PMID- 982352
TI  - Factor VIII and factor VIII related antigen in normal South African Blacks and a
      Black carrier group.

PMID- 982353
TI  - High levels of factor VIII--related antigen in cadaveric blood.

PMID- 982354
TI  - The exclusion of the cerebral circulation: effect on the "in vivo" platelet
      aggregation.

PMID- 982355
TI  - Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by phospholipase-A.

PMID- 982356
TI  - Studies on chemically modified fibrinogen. II. Physicochemical properties of
      maleylated fibrinogen.

PMID- 982357
TI  - Studies on human plasma antithrombin isolated on heparin gel.

PMID- 982358
TI  - Formation of prostagland in D2 during endoperoxide-induced platelet aggregation.

PMID- 982359
TI  - Purity and genuinity of human fibrinogen.

PMID- 982360
TI  - [Variants of lymphoproliferative diseases].

PMID- 982361
TI  - [Depression and psycho-autonomic pains].

PMID- 982362
TI  - [Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Diagnosis of 5 cases of hairy cell disease by
      bone marrow biopsies].

PMID- 982363
TI  - [Aphasia treatment in stroke patients. Results achieved in 18 patients 3-6 months
      after accident].

PMID- 982364
TI  - [Cystitis cystica].

PMID- 982365
TI  - [Pulmonary fibrosis in Bechterew's disease].

PMID- 982366
TI  - [Gastrointestinal allergy].

PMID- 982367
TI  - [Strain gauge plethysmography].

PMID- 982368
TI  - [Cardiology].

PMID- 982369
TI  - [Surgical cardiology].

PMID- 982370
TI  - [Short-term prognosis in different types of acute coronary diseases].

PMID- 982371
TI  - [Continuous 24-hour ECG monitoring. 1 year of experience with the Holter-Avionics
      portable ECG monitor].

PMID- 982372
TI  - [Heart scintigraphy in the diagnosis of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 982373
TI  - [Duration of function of the pacemaker].

PMID- 982374
TI  - [Temporary pacemaker treatment in a central hospital].

PMID- 982375
TI  - [Reemployment and results after heart valve surgery with disc valve prostheses].

PMID- 982376
TI  - [Late hemodynamics results after disc valve implantation in mitral valve
      insufficiency].

PMID- 982377
TI  - [Permanent pacemaker treatment. Test procedure for evaluating the correct
      positioning and function of the electrode].

PMID- 982378
TI  - [Berotec (fenoterol). A new selective broncholytic agent].

PMID- 982380
TI  - [Surgical education].

PMID- 982379
TI  - [Drug treatment of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy].

PMID- 982381
TI  - [Surgical training. Do junior surgeons get sufficient operative experience?].

PMID- 982382
TI  - [Measles vaccination in Norway].

PMID- 982383
TI  - [Effect of exercise in patients with hip diseases].

PMID- 982385
TI  - [Radiographic measurement of the anteversion angle of the femur neck].

PMID- 982384
TI  - [Aterial hypertension and coronary heart disease in patients with chronic
      obstructive lung disease].

PMID- 982387
TI  - [Erythrocyte sedimentation measurement in general practice. Is the rapid method
      reliable enough?].

PMID- 982386
TI  - [Patellar tendon bearing plaster cast. Patellar tendon bearing or PTB plaster
      cast --technic and indications].

PMID- 982388
TI  - [A rapid test for erythrocyte sedimentation. Can it be used as a screening-test
      in general practice?].

PMID- 982389
TI  - [Dermatologic consultation trips to Finnmark--a health service offer].

PMID- 982390
TI  - [Renal abscess].

PMID- 982391
TI  - [Thanatophoric dwarfism].

PMID- 982392
TI  - [Semi-automatized plasma fibrinogen level determination].

PMID- 982393
TI  - [Disorders of the Achilles tendon in athletics].

PMID- 982394
TI  - [Evaluation of a medical department in a general hospital].

PMID- 982395
TI  - [Toxoplasma gondii. A review on its occurence, life cycle and transmission].

PMID- 982396
TI  - [Benign tumors localized in the cauda equina].

PMID- 982397
TI  - [Liver complications following the jejunoileal shunt operation].

PMID- 982398
TI  - [Hereditary angioneurotic edema].

PMID- 982399
TI  - [Fat in feces].

PMID- 982400
TI  - [Traumatic tibial periostitis. Traction periostitis--shin splint].

PMID- 982401
TI  - [Functional closed nasal speech (rhinolalia clausa fuctionalis)].

PMID- 982402
TI  - [Alcohol and drugs].

PMID- 982403
TI  - [Adverse effects of treatment with corticosteroids in pharmacological doses].

PMID- 982404
TI  - [Arthrosis].

PMID- 982405
TI  - [Surgical treatment of arthrosis of the hip joint].

PMID- 982406
TI  - [Epidemiology of hip arthrosis].

PMID- 982407
TI  - [Subchondral bone in arthrosis].

PMID- 982408
TI  - [Scintigraphy in hip joint arthrosis].

PMID- 982409
TI  - [Surgical treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint. With special consideration of
      corrective osteotomy].

PMID- 982410
TI  - [Inflammation of the tail in swine. Slaughter-house findings during 1972, 1973,
      and 1974 (author's transl)].
AB  - In the Public Salughter-House of Utrecht, a percentage increase in the number of
      pigs with inflammation of the tail, which had or had not healed, was observed
      during the period from 1972 to 1974 inclusive. The most common secondary symptoms
      of inflammation consisted in embolic pneumonia, osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
      and abscess formation in other parts of the body, particularly the semimebranosus
      muscles. Osteomyelitis was found to be the most common complication in pigs in
      which the inflammation of the tail had healed, whereas this usually consisted in
      embolic pneumonia in those cases in which the inflammation of the tail had not
      healed. The bacteriological examination carried out in accordance with the Meat
      Inspection Regulations was positive in 21.7 per cent, 13.5 per cent of the cases
      respectively in 1972, 1973 and 1974. Micro-organisms were isolated much more
      frequently from the kidney than they were from the spleen and meat. There was no
      relationship between the presence of inflammation of the tail and climatological
      conditions during the fattening period. The losses at slaughter from inflammation
      of the tail in the Netherlands are estimated at 3-4 million guilders per annum.

PMID- 982411
TI  - [Modified surgical treatment of eversion and inversion of the third eyelid in
      dogs (author's transl)].
AB  - Description of a simple surgical method for treatment of eversion and inversion
      of the third eyelid, resulting in minimum loss of function. Only the abnormally
      curved position of the cartilage is removed through the palpebral conjunctiva.
      The results of this form of treatment were highly satisfactory in ten cases of
      eversion or inversion; there was no loss of function.

PMID- 982412
TI  - [Mycobacterial intestinal disease in woodpigeons (Columbia palumbus) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - During and shortly after the second world war, an infection bearing a resemblance
      to avian tuberculosis was observed in woodpigeons in Denmark and Great Britain.
      These birds had been found dead or been shot. The patogenic agent, however, could
      not be isolated by the usual methods. In the Netherlands, the disease was also
      detected in woodpigeons and occasionally in psittacine birds. The histological
      changes bore a resemblance to those observed in Johne's disease. Detailed
      bacteriological and experimental studies showed that there were two different
      infections. One agent was a mycobacterium of the species, which could not be
      grown on the usual culture media for M. tuberculosis, whereas it could on the
      media used in the culture of M. paratuberculosis, particularly Smith's medium.
      The bacterium also soon becomes rough on this culture medium. As a result,
      differentiation of serological types by Schaefer's method failed. The other type
      of mycobacterium (which indeed causes a similar form of intestinal disease) could
      be readily cultured and was identified as M. avium type 2. The former
      mycobacterium is still nameless in point of fact but is sometimes wrongly
      referred to as Mycobacterium columbae. This rod was not found to be pathogenic
      for the domesticated pigeon (Columba livia), not even when intestinal mucosa
      containing large numbers of bacteria and obtained from a diseases woodpigeon
      which had died recently, was inoculated orally in recently hatched specimens of
      the domesticated pigeon. To account for the appearance of tuberculosis in native
      woodpigeons, it is suggested that low plasma transferrin levels could result in
      marked susceptibility to infections such as tuberculosis and trichomoniasis.

PMID- 982413
TI  - [Nitrate poisoning in cattle in the province of Goningen. Report on a number of
      cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Six cases of nitrate poisoning in cattle are reported. The fact that the symptoms
      were highly acute and appeared as rapidly as within a few hours after feeding,
      was a striking feature in dairy cows. Deaths occurred among yearlings without the
      stock owners having previously noticed any changes. In those cases in which post
      mortem studies were done, characteristic changes were not observed, with the
      exception of engorgement of the lungs with blood or paleness of the mucosae.
      Nitrate levels were found to vary markedly within a single lot of roughage. Early
      administration of methylene blue to reduce methaemoglobin and treatment with
      hypertensive agents may be life-saving.

PMID- 982414
TI  - [Slaughter and inspections of ailing animals].

PMID- 982415
TI  - HLA antigens in three Siberian populations.
AB  - The distribution of HLA phenotypes, gene and haplotype frequencies was studied in
      three Mongoloid populations in Central Asia (Tofs, Tuvinians and Buryats). In
      comparison with Caucasian populations increased frequency of HLA-A9, BW40 and
      BW15 and haplotype A9, BW15 as well as low frequency of HLA-A1, B8 and B12 are
      characteristic of all three populations. Buryats seem to have the relatively
      highest admixture of Caucasoid genes.

PMID- 982416
TI  - HLA antigens in Hailey-Hailey's disease.

PMID- 982417
TI  - No deviations of HLA-A and -B antigens in patients with recurrent aphthous
      stomatitis.

PMID- 982418
TI  - The brain of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). I. Neuroglia.
AB  - The brain of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, harbors three populations of
      neuroglial cells, whose distribution and cellular details are best appreciated by
      a combination of silver impregnation, scanning, and transmission electron
      microscopy. Stellate astrocytes envelop neurons as satellite cells, permeate the
      neuropile, and secrete a framework of sustentacular trabeculae throughout the
      brain. Velate astrocytes are restricted to Kenyon cells, i.e. small association
      neurons, of which they harbor up to 150 per neuroglial cell. Vascular neuroglia
      is composed of glycogen and mitochondria-laden, interlocked cells that form an
      open meshwork in the hemocoelic spaces of the brain. Aside from supportive
      functions of neuroglia, the vascular neuroglial cells in particular seem to
      subserve the role of a metabolic reserve cell for the central nervous system.

PMID- 982419
TI  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the spermiophores of
      Ornithodoros ticks: an attempt to explain their motility.
AB  - The spermiophores of two tick species, the kangaroo tick, Ornithodoros gurneyi
      and the cave tick, Ornithodoros tholozani have been examined by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. The anterior end (head) of the spermiophore is
      a hemisphere covered with a hexagonal network of small projections. The rest of
      the spermiophore is covered with longitudinal ridges, seen in sections as
      cellular processes whose membranes are attached only at their anterior ends by
      specialized 'feet'. In the cytoplasm of the sperm cell body and just beneath the
      cellular processes are find filaments, which form a continuous layer in O.
      tholozani and bundles in O. gurneyi. Fibrils tend to be situated beneath the
      larger cellular processes. In scanning micrographs helical constrictions have
      been observed in the posterior parts of some spermiophores. It is proposed that
      certain of the movements observed by light microscopy in living cultures of
      spermiophores may be explained by contraction of the cytoplasmic filaments seen
      in the electron microscope.

PMID- 982420
TI  - Selective uptake of noradrenaline, dopa, and 5-hydroxytryptamine by the nervous
      system of Phocanema decipiens (Nematoda): a light autoradiographic and
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - As determined by light microscopic autoradiography, parts of the nervous system
      of Phocanema decipiens have selective and high affinity mechanisms for the uptake
      of tritiated noradrenaline, dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and 5
      hydroxytryptamine. In the nervous system, noradrenaline is accumulated only by
      the four papillary nerves and two fibers in the nerve ring. The precursor dopa is
      also taken up by these neurons and, in addition, by the lateral nerves. 5
      Hydroxytryptamime is accumulated by the three pharyngeal nerves, two cells in
      each lateral ganglion, and two other fibers in the nerve ring. With adjacent
      ultrathin sections, the labelled papillary nerve and lateral ganglion were
      examined ultrastructurally and found to contain various dense core vesicles which
      are similar to those in other aminergic neurons. The adjoining unlabelled cells
      of the same neurons are found, on the other hand, to contain dense agranular
      vesicles. With these results, the noradrenaline accumulating neurons are
      suggested to be noradrenergic and to contain the amine synthesizing enzymes. The
      lateral nerves are regarded, for the present, as dopaminergic neurons. These
      suggestions are in agreement with the previous demonstration of catecholaminergic
      neurons in this nematode. The 5-hydroxytryptamine accumulating neurons are
      tentatively identified as tryptaminergic.

PMID- 982421
TI  - The granular cells of Galleria mellonella during clotting and phagocytic
      reactions in vitro.
AB  - Light and electron-microscopic observations of the blood-cells (hemocytes) of the
      wax-moth Galleria mellonella showed that hemolymph coagulation was initiated by
      the rapid release of material from the granular cells. During incubation for
      short terms in vitro these cells showed progressive degranulation as material
      derived from the granules was discharged into the hemolymph. Attempts to
      determine the nature of this material by staining with ruthenium red proved
      mainly unsuccessful. When challenged with bacteria in vitro the granular cells
      failed to phagocytose these particles and instead the bacteria became embedded in
      the granular material surrounding these cells. The mode of coagulation reported
      here is compared with previous reports of the role of invertebrate hemocytes in
      hemolymph clotting.

PMID- 982422
TI  - Fine structure and x-ray microanalysis of mineralized concretions in the
      malpighian tubules of the housefly, Musca domestica.
AB  - The epithelium and the lumen of the Malpighian tubules of the housefly contains
      mineralized dense bodies called concretions. The morphological characteristics,
      mode of origin, nature of the sequestered elements and the age-associated changes
      in the distribution of concretions are reported. There are three types of
      concretions in the cytoplasm, which have been designated as type A, type B, and
      type C. Type A concretions are membrane-bound spherical structures which may
      arise by the gradual intravacuolar accumulation of dense material. Type B
      concretions appear to be related to multivesicular bodies. Type C concretions are
      heteromorphic and morphologically resemble the residual bodies. They show a
      positive localization of acid phosphatase reaction product. X-ray microanalysis
      of intracytoplasmic and intraluminal concretions revealed the presence of
      phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, calcium, iron, zinc and copper. There was no
      evidence suggesting the extrusion of the intracytoplasmic concretions into the
      lumen of the Malpighian tubules. There is an age-associated increase in the
      distribution of type C concretions. It is hypothesized that the sequestration of
      metal ions within the concretions may provide a means for the effective excretion
      of these elements.

PMID- 982423
TI  - The fine structure of the embryo during the gastrula stage of Comanthus japonica
      (Echinodermata: Crinoidea).
AB  - The fine structure of the embryo of Comanthus has been described by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy at two-hourly intervals throughout the gastrula
      stage (from the fifth through the fifteenth hours of development). At 5 hr,
      gastrulation has occurred in the absence of any structure comparable to the
      echinoid hyaline layer; therefore, at least one important mechanism proposed for
      echinoid gastrulation cannot occur in this crinoid. At 7 hr, the blastocoelic
      basal lamina has formed, and all ectodermal and entodermal nuclei contain dense
      aggregates, which are probably perichromatin fibrils. At 9 hr, the blastocoel
      contains mesenchyme cells, presumably of entodermal origin. At 11 hr,
      ciliogenesis has started at the apical surfaces of the ectoderm cells and at the
      archenteral surfaces of the entoderm cells; many of the newly formed cilia are
      swollen subterminally. At 13 hr, a conspicuous glycocalyx is beginning to cover
      the apical ends of the ectoderm cells, and the fertilization membrane is
      beginning to dissolve from its inner surface. Between 5 and 13 hr, there is a
      gradual development of a junctional complex associating the apicolateral margins
      of the ectoderm cells; the zonula adherens part of the complex appears at 5 hr
      and is well developed by 7 hr, and then the septate junction part of the complex
      appears at 9 hr and is well developed by 13 hr. At 15 hr, the blastopore has
      closed, the ectodermal glycocalyx is fully developed, some mesenchyme cells
      appear to be differentiating into skeleton forming cells, and the fertilization
      membrane is in the last stages of dissolution.

PMID- 982424
TI  - Electron microscopic study on gut epithelium of the tench (Tinca tinca L.) with
      respect to its absorptive functions.
AB  - Few morphological differences are seen along the intestinal tract of the adult
      tench (Tinca tinca L.) a stomachless freshwater teleost. However, three segments
      can be distinguished, when function and structure of enterocytes are studied. The
      enterocytes of the proximal segment are found to be concerned with dietary lipids
      absorption. In the cell, absorbed fats are seen in two inclusion bodies: lipid
      particles and lipid droplets. Only lipid particles are involved in direct
      transport of absorbed fatty acids in the blood circulation, as in lymphatic
      vessels. Lipid droplets seem to be involved in temporary storage of fatty acids.
      Special features are found in enterocytes of the short middle segment; these
      cells show many invaginations and pinocytosis figures, a well-developed tubulo
      vesicular network and large vacuoles in the supranuclear hyaloplasm. Such
      characters bear a resemblance to descriptions of the gut of some newborn mammals.
      The great permeability of this epithelium to macromolecules is demonstrated by
      the administration of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Enterocytes of the distal
      segment show, at their basal pole, numerous invaginations of the plasma membrane,
      and a large mitochondrial population. Morphological similarity suggests a
      functional analogy with epithelia involved in water and ions transport.

PMID- 982425
TI  - Light and electron microscopic serial analysis of mouse extraocular muscle:
      morphology, innervation and topographical organization of component fiber
      populations.
AB  - Mouse superior rectus extraocular muscle was examined in serial section by light
      and electron microscopy. By such analysis, it was possible to discriminate single
      versus multiple innervation, characteristics of internal cell morphology, and
      topographical distribution of the respective fiber populations within the muscle.
      Singly innervated (SIF) and multiply innervated fibers (MIF) were observed, both
      in an orbital surface layer and in the underlying global region of the muscle.
      Five morphologically distinct fiber types (three SIF and two MIF) were
      discriminable in terms of fiber diameter, mitochondrial richness, development of
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and myofibrillar size. Many fibers both SIF and MIF,
      terminated variously along the length of the muscle. The diameter of orbital MIF
      typically varied from one end of the fiber to the other by a factor of about
      three; the global MIF were of essentially constant diameter. The junctional
      complexity varied among the respective types of SIF. The MIF of both the global
      and orbital regions exhibited comparable ranges of complexity in their
      neuromuscular junctions.

PMID- 982426
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on differentiating human preadipocytes cultured in
      vitro.
AB  - A cell type, preadipocytes, isolated from the stroma of adult human adipose
      tissue appears capable of differentiating, in culture, into a cell with
      morphological features similar to that observed in terminally differentiated
      human adipocytes cultured under similar conditions. During this process of
      differentiation, preadipocytes develop extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum with
      prominent cisternae, the chromatin of most nuclei becomes decondensed and lipid
      bodies accumulate to levels observed in cultured adipocytes. Fibroblasts derived
      from non-adipose tissue do not undergo the same morphological changes when
      cultured under similar conditions.

PMID- 982427
TI  - Difference in changes of plasma volume in two types of Goldblatt hypertension in
      rabbits.
AB  - High plasma renin concentration (PRC) and hematocrit (Ht) were observed in
      hypertensive rabbits with one renal artery clipped and an intact opposite kidney
      (Group A), while rather low PRC and Ht in hypertensive ones with one renal artery
      clipped and the opposite kidney removed (Group B). Plasma volume (PV), blood
      volume (BV), and packed cell volume (PCV) were estimated in these two types of
      hypertensive rabbits, and also in sham-operated rabbits (Group C). In Group A, 4
      weeks after clipping of a renal artery, PV was decreased and significant inverse
      correlations were observed between PV and the elevation of blood pressure and
      between PV and PRC. A significant correlation between PRC and the elevation of
      blood pressure was also found 4 and 12 weeks after the clipping. PCV was
      increased until 12 weeks after clipping. In Group B, PV was increased 1 and 4
      weeks after clipping, then returned to the initial level. Ht was decreased 1 and
      12 weeks, and PCV was decreased 12 weeks after clipping. These results would
      indicate that a high Ht seen in Group A was partly due to the decreased PV and
      partly due to the increased PCV, while, in Group B, a low Ht in early stage might
      be mainly due to the increased PV, but in the late stage, a decreased PCV
      appeared to play a role to lower Ht. PRC seems to be affected differently by PV
      in these two types of hypertension.

PMID- 982428
TI  - Citrate treatment in a patient with pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency.
AB  - A 5-year old boy with intermittent sopor, severe vomiting and ataxia since 2 1/2
      years old was described. During attack period the patient showed elevation of
      blood pyruvate and alanine and also cerebrospinal-fluid pyruvate, whereas during
      the time free from attack only blood pyruvate was increased. Deficiency of
      pyruvate decarboxylase was found in patient's leukocyte and in cultured skin
      fibroblasts. Addition of thiamine in assay medium did not correct the enzyme
      activity. Oral administration of citrate seemed to be most effective and during
      the treatment only a mild attack was once observed.

PMID- 982429
TI  - A case of Wegener's granulomatosis with necrosis of the penis.
AB  - A 31-year-old male had a sudden onset of painful swelling in the penile root
      region. He then developed necrosis of the penis and further a progressive,
      chemotherapy-resistant ulcer which involved the perineal region also.
      Histologically there was evidence of neither malignancy nor specific
      inflammation, but there were granulomatous tissues with cellular infiltration and
      scattered vascular necrosis. Examination of the nose suggested gangrenous
      rhinitis with perforation of the nasal septum. X-ray examination revealed that
      the nasal septum and conchae had disappeared. Chest roentgenogram also revealed
      increased hilar shadows in both fields of the chest. Routine laboratory
      examinations showed slight albuminuria and a normal BUN level. Positive findings
      included leucocytosis, hyper-gamma-globulinemia, accelerated ESR, positive RA and
      CRP tests. The patient's death was caused by bleeding from gastric ulcer and
      pulmonary failure.

PMID- 982430
TI  - A study on the pathogenesis of postmastectomy lymphedema.
AB  - In order to study the causes of postmastectomy lymphedema, venography,
      lymphangiography and RISA absorption test were performed on the patients
      following radical mastectomy. Venous obstruction was a rare cause of
      postmastectomy lymphedema. Edema patterns in arm lymphangiography were observed
      in the patients with lymphedema and even in some of the non-edematous upper
      extremities. The finding of axillary lymphangiography was correlated with the
      degree of edema of the upper extremity. The absence of adequate lymphatic pathway
      across the axilla (type 2, collateral and type 3, blocking) was thought to
      provide the pathologic base for the postmastectomy lymphedema. RISA absorption
      test also provided precise information of the lymphatic flow in the extremity. It
      was lower in the patients with edema, as compared with the patients without
      edema.

PMID- 982431
TI  - Clinical and biochemical studies on periodic hyperammonemia with hyperlysinemia
      and homocitrullinuria.
AB  - An 18-year-old mentally and physically retarded boy, suffering from episodes of
      anorexia, vomiting, coma and convulsion which have been severer with advance in
      age, had periodic hyperammonemia, hyperlysinemia and homocitrullinuria. Blood
      cell arginase activity of the patient on normal diet was markedly reduced after
      an oral load of L-lysine. The oral loading tests of L-lysine revealed
      hyperammonemia, hyperlysinemia, hyperargininemia, hypercitrullinemia and
      homocitrullinuria.  Etiology of metabolic error of our patient was discussed in
      reference to lysine-urea cycle.

PMID- 982432
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for serum thyroxine.
AB  - A new procedure for radioimmunoassay (RIA) was applied to determine the serum
      concentration of thyroxine (T4). Mixtures of T4-methylester hydrochloride-bovine
      serum albumin complex and complete Freund's adjuvant were injected to rabbits to
      get them immunized. Specific anti-T4 rabbit serum, high in titer, could be
      obtained 18 months after the start of immunization. RIA for T4 extracted by
      ethanol from serum was performed by an application of dextran-coated charcoal to
      separate bound and free 125-i-t4. on the other hand, RIA for T4 performed
      directly in the serum containing 100 mg/100 ml of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene
      sulfonic acid (ANS) gave a similar standard curve for T4 obtained by the ethanol
      extraction method. Serum T4 values obtained by the methanol-extraction method
      were 9.7 +/- 3.3 mug/100 ml for patients with hyperthyroidism and 0.6 +/- 0.3
      mug/100 ml for those with hypothyroidism. The corresponding figures obtained by
      RIA in the serum containing ANS were 11.1 +/- 2.1, 19.1 +/- 3.3 and 0.7 +/- 0.7
      mug/100 ml, respectively. The figures positively correlated respectively to the
      serum T4 values obtained by the competitive protein-binding analysis method
      (Tetrasrob-125).

PMID- 982433
TI  - Significant prognostic factors in breast cancer of Japanese women: special
      reference to nuclear grade and sinus histiocytosis.
AB  - Based on clinicopathological observations of 91 female patients with breast
      cancer in Miyagi Prefecture, TNM stage, histologic type, grade of infiltrative
      growth tendency (INV), vessel involvement, lymph node metastasis, nuclear grade
      and sinus histiocytosis were assessed in relation to prognosis. Follow-up studies
      indicated that 73.6% of the patients survived more than five years after
      operation. Among the factors submitted to histologic evaluation, nuclear grade,
      INF, vessel involvement and lymph node metastasis were apparently correlated to
      prognosis, while sinus histiocytosis was not significantly related to it, except
      for patients with positive nodes.

PMID- 982434
TI  - On the agglutinogens of red cells developed with proteolytic enzymes and
      neuraminidase.
AB  - It has been known that the agglutinability of human red cells is changed or
      enhanced by treatments with proteolytic enzymes or neuraminidase. In this paper,
      the serological properties of agglutinogens developed by proteolytic enzymes
      (bromelin, ficin, papain, trypsin and pronase) and neuraminidase are investigated
      by using antisera to trypsin- and neuraminidase-treated red cells. The
      adsorptions of the antiserum to trypsinized red cells with the cells treated with
      each of the proteolytic enzymes showed that the agglutinogens uncovered by
      bromelin, ficin and papain were different from those by pronase and trypsin. It
      was demonstrated that pronase was the most effective enzyme to uncover the
      agglutinogen located on deeper site of red cell membrane. This was confirmed by
      the agglutination with the test cells treated twice with two kinds of the
      enzymes. The reactions of the antiserum to neuraminidase-treated red cells
      treated with six kinds of the enzymes indicated that the agglutinogens developed
      by neuraminidase resembled those by bromelin, ficin and papain more than those by
      trypsin and pronase.

PMID- 982435
TI  - Resolution of diffuse membranous changes with remission of nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - A case of membranous glomerulonephritis with initial proliferative changes
      accompanied by nephrotic syndrome was followed up for seven years. With three
      serially obtained renal biopsy tissues, the regression of the glomerular
      membranous alterations was confirmed after the remission of nephrotic syndrome.
      The diagnosis of lupus nephritis was not conclusive but was suggestive. The
      resolution of the basement membrane seemed to start structurally at the outer,
      epithelial surface of the membrane with the formation of basement membrane
      material. The "microtubular structures" in the glomerular endothelial cytoplasm
      were continuously observed in three renal tissues obtained serially for five
      years, regardless of the clinical remission and of glomerularstructural
      resolution.

PMID- 982436
TI  - Electroencephalograms in a case of maple syrup urine disease: their relation to
      serum levels of branched-chain amino acids.
AB  - During dietary treatment of a case of maple syrup urine disease, it was found
      that abnormal EEGs were observed when serum levels of leucine were abnormally
      high while those of valine and isoleucine were normal, and also when serum levels
      of valine and isoleucine were abnormally high while serum leucine levels were
      normal.

PMID- 982437
TI  - Visualization of the human cavernosum penis by using 99mTc-labeled autologous red
      blood cells.
AB  - Penial scintiphoto-images were obtained by using 99mTc-labeled autologous red
      blood cells in three functionally impotent patients. The cavernosum penis was
      clearly pictured disclosing no organic abnormalities in these three patients'
      penises. This method enables one to present clear macroscopic images of the
      cavernosum penis without causing pain to the patient, and it may be recommended
      for clinical use as an alternative to cavernosography.

PMID- 982438
TI  - Serum zinc and copper levels in healthy Japanese children.
AB  - Serum zinc and copper concentrations of 156 healthy children (6-12 years old)
      were measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The average
      serum zinc concentration was 92 +/- 13 mug/100 ml (mean +/- S.D.) with a range of
      62-127 mug/100 ml. No statistically significant age or sex differences were found
      in serum zinc levels. The mean serum copper level was 109 +/- 17 mug/100 ml with
      a range of 70-164 mug/100 ml. Average serum copper concentration in younger age
      groups (6-9 years old) was higher than that in older age groups (10-12 years
      old). The highest value of mean serum copper level was observed in the group of 8
      year-old children. No sex differences in serum copper levels were found in all
      the age groups.

PMID- 982439
TI  - Sharing: an overview.

PMID- 982440
TI  - Multi-state, multi-service corporate model.

PMID- 982441
TI  - Medical school based sharing.

PMID- 982442
TI  - Management of human resources in collaborative arrangements.

PMID- 982443
TI  - Laboratory sharing.

PMID- 982444
TI  - Contract management for health care facilities.

PMID- 982445
TI  - Some legal aspects of shared services programs.

PMID- 982446
TI  - Management of shared services.

PMID- 982447
TI  - Competition, cooperation and sharing.

PMID- 982448
TI  - Alterations in function, enzyme activities, and histopathology of the liver of
      the rat after administration of phytohemagglutinins (lectins).

PMID- 982449
TI  - Effects of metal salts on collagen synthesis in embryonic rat calvaria.

PMID- 982450
TI  - Chlorambucil-induced cell death in embryonic mouse limb buds.

PMID- 982451
TI  - Intestinal absorption of L-methionine and glucose in chickens with aflatoxicosis.

PMID- 982452
TI  - Ifenprodil: protective effect in experimental cyanide poisoning.

PMID- 982453
TI  - Feline nervous system response to chronic intoxication with commercial grades of
      methyl n-butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl ethyl ketone.

PMID- 982454
TI  - The mechanism of the effect of acute stress on hexobarbital metabolism.

PMID- 982455
TI  - Teratogenic and toxic effects of ochratoxin A in rats.

PMID- 982456
TI  - Influence of phenobarbital pretreatment on methoxyflurane and sodium fluoride
      nephropathy in Fischer 344 Rats.

PMID- 982457
TI  - Renal tubular injury in rats induced by sodium pentafluorostannite, a new
      anticariogenic agent.

PMID- 982458
TI  - The metabolism and excretion of phenazopyridine hydrochloride in animals and man.

PMID- 982459
TI  - Enzyme induction by repeated adminstration of tetrachlorvinphos in rats.

PMID- 982460
TI  - Antagonism of imipramine poisoning by anticonvulsants in the rat.

PMID- 982461
TI  - The renal handling of delta-aminolevulinic acid in normal and lead-poisoning
      rabbits.

PMID- 982462
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of spironolactone protection against indomethacin
      toxicity.

PMID- 982463
TI  - Effect of bumetanide on the positive endocochlear dc potential of the cat.

PMID- 982464
TI  - Studies on the antagonism by chloramphenicol of carbon tetrachloride-induced
      damage: examination of mitochondrial protein synthesis.

PMID- 982465
TI  - Influence of d-, l-, and dl-propranolol, and practolol on beta-amino
      propionitrile-induced aortic ruptures of turkeys.

PMID- 982466
TI  - Effects of triethylenetetramine upon the metabolism and toxicity of 63NiCl2 in
      rats.

PMID- 982467
TI  - Dosage relationships associated with DDT in milk.

PMID- 982468
TI  - Behavioral effects on the progeny of mice treated with methylmercury.